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NOTES   AND    QUERIES 


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CONTENTS.— No.  236. 

NOTES  :— The  Bombay  Regiment,  1662-5, 1— Bonaparte  on 
the  Northumberland,  3 — '  Englands  Parnassus,'  1600,  4 — 
Gulston  Collection  of  Prints— Oxford  Commemoration  in 
1759,  6—"  Fair-copy  "—First  Duke  of  Gordon's  Birth,  7. 

QUERIES  :— Wotton  House— Prior  and  his  Chloe— David- 
son Clan,  7— Romans  at  York— Goldsborough  Family  of 
Stapleford,  Herts  —  Johnsoniana  —  Maps  —  Gordons  of 
Messina— Burial-Ground  of  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square, 
Bayswater  Road — Askew  or  Ayscough  Family — Henry 
Ellison— Searle  or  Serle  of  Epping— De  St.  Philibert,  8— 
False  Quantities  —  Conscientious  Scruples  against  War 
— Round  Oak  Spring — John  of  Gaunt's  Arms — "The 
lost  tribe  "=the  Scotch— Burney's  '  History  of  Music  '-— 
Scotch  Tour— Title  Wanted— T.  L.  Peacock:  "Skylight" 
and  '•  Twilight"  —  Harvey's  Birthplace  —  "Femmer"— 
Bletchingly  Place,  9— "Lady  Charlotte  Gordon "—" Pro- 
methean," 10. 

REPLIES :— Snodgrass  as  a  Surname,  10— The  Treaty  of 
Tilsit :  Colin  A.  Mackenzie,  11— Dickens  and  the  Lamp- 
lighter's Ladder  —  "  Idle  "=Mischievous  —  Archbishop 
Sands—'4  Her's,"  12— Dunghill  Proverb— W.  Heath,  Artist 
— "  Making  buttons  "—"Guide,"  its  Derivation,  13— Hove 
— Maghull  Yates — Hungarian  Grammar — "Angel"  of  an 
Inn,  14 — "  Stymie  "  at  Golf — Finnis  Street — Apples :  their 
Names— Proverb  on  Beating— Unthank,  15— Clergy  in 
Wigs — Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — Victorian  Coin — 
Caricature:  'Once  I  was  Alive'— Murder  at  Winnats,  16 
—Holy  Grail— Latin  Lines  on  Sleep— St.  Mary's  Abbey, 
York,  17. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Scots  Peerage  •— « The  Shake- 
speare Apocrypha.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE   BOMBAY   REGIMENT,    1662-5. 

THE  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Salisbury 
of  the  Public  Record  Office  for  drawing  his 
attention  to  the  Pay  Lists  and  Muster  Rolls 
of  the  Bombay  Regiment  (Colonial  Corre- 
spondence, East  Indies,  bundles  5  and  6). 
They  have  a  special  interest,  as  they  record 
the  levying,  embarkation,  and  payment  of 
the  officers  appointed  to  the  four  English 
companies  of  foot  sent  to  Bombay,  in  the 
•spring  of  1662,  to  garrison  that  island,  part 
of  the  dowry  of  Charles  II.  's  queen.  These 
•companies  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  corps 
Imown  in  the  days  of  John  Company  as  the 
1st  Bombay  European  Regiment  of  Foot, 
which  was,  in  1863,  brought  into  the  British 
Line  as  the  103rd  (Royal  Bombay  Fusiliers).* 
When  the  Territorial  system  was  introduced 
into  the  British  Army  in  1881,  the  103rd 
Foot  became  the  2nd  Battalion  Royal 
Dublin  Fusiliers. 


*  The  '  Records '  of  this  corps  were  published 
••about  thirty  years  ago,  but  are  most  meagre  as 
regards  the  formation  and  early  history  of  the 
Bombay  Regiment. 


The  four  new  companies  were  commanded 
respectively  by  Sir  Abraham  Shipman,  Kt., 
who  had  been  appointed  Governor  of 
Bombay ;  Col.  John  Hungerford ;  Capt. 
John  Shipman  ;  and.  Capt.  Charles  Povey. 
Each  company  had  a  lieutenant,  ensign, 
two  sergeants,  three  corporals,  two  drummers 
and  a  hundred  privates.  From  the  MS. 
dated  "London,  Feb.,  1661  [1661/2],"  and 
headed  "  Monies  disburst  for  his  Majties 
Accfc  by  mee  Sir  Abraham  Shipman,  Knt., 
for  ye  expedicon  of  ye  following  officers  and 
soldiers  for  ye  Island  of  Bombay  in  East 
India,"  it  appears  that  each  of  the  aforesaid 
captains  received  100/.  for  levying  one 
hundred  men.  John  Shipman' s  company 
was  mustered  on  2  Feb.,  1661/2,  when  it 
consisted  of  only  half  its  strength  ;  but  at 
the  second  muster,  on  7  March  following, 
it  was  complete.  Povey 's  company  was 
mustered  on  4  Feb.,  1661/2,  being  then  at 
its  full  strength.  The  two  remaining  com- 
panies were  mustered  on  11  March.  All 
four  companies  were  paid  their  arrears  on 
the  last-named  date,  and  at  the  same  time 
received  advance  pay  up  to  6  April,  when 
they  embarked  on  board  the  Earl  of  Marl- 
borough's  fleet  for  Bombay.  From  Sir  A. 
Shipman' s  well-kept  accounts  it  appears 
that  he,  as  Governor  and  Commander-in- 
Chief,  received  21.  per  diem.  Col.  Hunger- 
ford  got  12s.  per  diem*  ;  while  the  other 
two  captains  had  8s.  a  day  each.  Under 
date  of  6  April,  1662,  Sir  A.  Shipman  gives 
this  entry : — 

"  Paid  to  all  ye  officers  tower  months  advance, 
commencing  from  6th  Aprill,  at  which  tynie  they 
went  aboard  shipp,  till  ye  27th  July  following." 

The  pay  per  day  was  at  this  rate  :  lieutenant, 
4s.  ;  ensign,  3s.  ;  sergeant,  Is.  Qd.  ;  cor- 
poral, Is.  ;  drummer,  Is.  ;  private,  9d. 
Sir  A.  Shipman' s  subalterns  were  Lieut. 
Price  and  Ensign  Thomas  Fowlkes  ;  John 
Shipman' s  were  Lieut.  John  Cole  and  Ensign 
Squire  ;  Povey 's  were  Lieut.  Forster  and 
Ensign  John  Thome  ;  Hungerford' s  were 
Lieut.  Twyning  and  Ensign  Garth.  In 
addition  to  the  four  companies  of  infantry 
sent  to  Bombay,  a  small  detail  of  artillery 
formed  a  part  of  each  company.  A  surgeon, 
surgeon's  mate,  provost-marshal,  store- 


*  The  amount  is  torn  off  in  the  MS.,  but  as  Col. 
Hungerford  received  161.  12s.  for  26  days'  pay,  it 
works  out  at  12*.  per  diem.  This  officer  probably 
acted  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  British  garrison. 
He  was  third  son  of  Sir  Anthony  Hungerford,  by  a 
second  wife,  and  half-brother  to  Sir  Edward  Hun- 
gerford. Col.  John  Hungerford  commanded  the 
Royalist  garrison  at  Farleigh  Castle  when  it  was 
besieged  and  taken  in  September,  1645. 


2 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  JULY  4, 


keeper,  and  gunsmith  accompanied  the 
expedition  ;  also  a  chaplain. 

The  fleet  arrived  at  Bombay  on  18  Sept., 
1662,*  but  the  Portuguese  Governor  "  refused 
to  surrender  the  island  to  a  government 
and  nation  of  heretics."  Shipman  was 
unable  to  take  or  hold  Bombay.  The  troops 
were  landed  on  the  small  island  of  Anjadiva, 
near  Goa,  and  the  fleet  returned  to  England. 
Anjadiva  proved  particularly  unhealthy, 
and  within  the  space  of  two  years  nearly 
all  the  officers  and  one-third  of  the  soldiers 
died.  The  chaplain  paid  the  debt  of  nature 
on  23  Jan.,  1663.  Lieut.  Twyning  died 
on  14  April,  1663,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Ensign  Fowlkes.  Lieut.  John  Cole  suc- 
cumbed 9  April,  1663  ;  and  Lieut.  Price 
followed  suit  3  June  the  same  year.  A  few 
months  later  appears  this  entry  in  Sir  A. 
Shipman' s  accounts  : — 

"Paid  my  extraordinary  charges  at  Goa  anc? 
Busseene  in  soliciting  his  Majties  affaires  there  for  ye 
possession  of  Bombay  amounts  to  50Z." 

It  would  seem  that  Sir  A.  Shipman  took 
a  guard  with  him  on  this  mission,  as  a  sum 
of  6Z.  is  debited  to  the  British  Government 
on  account  of  "  a  house  burnt  down  by  a 
soldier." 

Soon  after  his  return  from  Goa,  Shipman 
died  on  6  April,  1664,  and  Humphrey 
Cookef  succeeded  him  as  Governor  and 
commander  of  the  troops.  Under  Cooke 
the  negotiations  for  the  surrender  of 
Bombay  were  continued.  In  1663  news 
had  reached  England  of  the  hardships 
and  privations  to  which  the  British  troops 
under  Shipman  were  exposed  on  the  island 
of  Anjadiva.  An  agreement  was  made, 
23  March,  1665, 

"  between  the  Navy  Commissioners  and  the  East 
India  Company  for  the  hire  of  the  African  and 
St.  George  for  the  transport  to  Surat,  or  Fort 
St.  George,  of  such  of  the  King's  forces  as  remain  at 
Anjadiva  [lately]  under  command  of  Sir  A.  Shipman, 
at  £15  per  head."J 

During  the  winter  of  1664-5  the  rem- 
nant of  the  four  British  companies,  under 
Governor  Cooke,  took  possession  of  Bombay. 


*  In  Dr.  Harris's  *  Collection  of  Voyages  '  the 
date  of  the  Earl  of  Marlborough's  voyage  to  the 
East  Indies  is  wrongly  given  as  1663. 

f  Erroneously  called  "Ensign  Cooke"  in  the 
*  Records  of  the  Royal  Bombay  Fusiliers'  (p.  4). 
He  was  named  in  Sir  A.  Shipman's  commission,  and 
built  the  first  British  fort  at  Bombay.  Probably 
identical  with  Col.  Humphrey  Cooke  appointed 

co-  Glollcester'  hl 


'Gal.  S.  P.  Dora.' 


The    following    entries    appear    in    Cooke' & 
official  correspondence  : — 

"  By  his  most  Excellent  Majestye's  espetiall 
Command. 

"A  Generall  muster  taken  this  25th  day  of 
February,  1664/5  on  Bombaim  [sic],  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  Sir  Geo.  Oxenden,  Knt.,  by  Henry  Gary,  of 
all  the  soldiers,  etca  other  persons  as  this 'day 
appeared  to  bee  actually  in  his  Majestye's  Service." 

Here  follow  the  Muster  Rolls  of  the  four 
companies,  in  which  the  name  of  "  Ensign 
John  Thorne  "  appears  as  the  sole  effective 
officer  of  those  who  left  England  in  April, 
1662.  After  the  Muster  Rolls  is  this- 
certificate  : — 

Mustered  uppon  Bombaim  the  day  and  yeare 
above  written  in  the  prementioned  fower  Com- 
panies, viz*  the  Worpp11  Humphrey  Cooke, 
Governor,  one  ensigne,  fower  serjants,  six  corporalls,. 
fower  drums  and  ninety  seven  private  sentries. 

[Signed]  Henry  Gary.  Humphrey  Cooke. 

John  Thorne. 

In  March,  1667,  Charles  II.  ceded  Bombay 
to  the  East  India  Company.  Sir  George 
Oxenden  was  appointed  Governor  and  Com- 
mander-in- Chief  in  August  following.  The 
English  officers  and  privates  at  Bombay, 
including  the  few  gunners,  were  formally 
invited  to  enter  the  Company's  service  with 
the  same  rank  and  pay.  The  proposition 
was  accepted  by  most  of  those  concerned- 
It  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  Bombay 
Regiment  at  its  first  raising,  and  for  nearly 
a  hundred  years,  had  "  sea-green  facings  " 
— said  to  be  the  Braganza  colours. 

Sir  A.  Shipman  is  noticed  in  an  early 
number  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  (1  S.  vi.  419).  The 
following  additional  facts  may  be  of  interest. 
He  was  a  captain  in  Sir  Nicholas  Byron's 
regiment  of  foot  in  1640,  and  his  brother 
John  was  an  ensign  in  the  same  corps. 
Capt.  A.  Shipman  appears  to  have  been 
knighted  by  Charles  I.  At  the  Restoration 
he  petitioned  Charles  II.  for  the  post  of 
Armourer  at  the  Tower  of  London,  and 
referred  to  his  services  to  the  King  and 
his  father.  On  26  Jan.,  1661,  Sir  A.  Ship- 
man was  granted  the  reversionary  interest 
in  one  lighthouse  and  beacon  at  Dungeness, 
Kent,  with  the  contribution  thereunto  be- 
longing. He  made  his  will  24  March,  1661/2, 
"  being  minded  suddainely  to  undertake 
a  voyage  to  East  India."  He  left  his  share 
in  the  Dungeness  lighthouse  and  beacon,. 
"  with  contribution  thereunto  belonging," 
to  his  son  William  Shipman,  who  is  directed 
to  pay  500?.  to  testator's  daughter  Elizabeth 
Shipman.  The  son  and  daughter  were 
appointed  executors.  This  will  was  not 
proved  until  18  July,  1665  (P.C.C.  75  Hyde). 
CHABLES  DALTON. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BONAPARTE      ON       THE 
NORTHUMBERLAND. 

THE  story  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte  on 
board  the  Northumberland  is  a  natural 
supplement  to  the  story  of  his  life  on  board 
the  Bellerophon.  It  is  a  singular  coincidence 
that  some  weeks  before  E.  M.'s  article  ap- 
peared in  '  N.  &  Q.'  (ante,  p.  321),  and  with- 
out any  knowledge  of  that  article  or  of  the 
E.  M.  who  wrote  it,  I,  another  E.  M.,  should 
have  written  the  following  story  of  the  con- 
tinuation of  Napoleon's  voyage,  on  the 
Northumberland,  to  his  last  resting-place. 

The  story  of  the  great  Napoleon's  voyage 
to  St.  Helena  has  been  told  in  various  ways 
and  by  different  people,  but  never  more 
intimately  than  by  the  English  surgeon 
on  board  the  Northumberland.  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Warden  kept  a  record  of  the  various 
conversations  he  had  with  Napoleon  and 
his  principal  attendants,  and  of  anecdotes 
connected  with  them :  these  he  at  once 
committed  to  a  journal,  and  it  was  from 
its  pages  that  the  letters  were  composed 
which  he  wrote  to  a  friend  at  home,  evidently 
of  his  own  profession.  These  letters  were 
not  written  with  a  view  to  publication, 
but,  yielding  to  the  urgency  of  his  friends, 
the  author  printed  them  about  1816. 

The  work  was  well  known  at  that  period, 
but  has  long  since  been  forgotten.  It  has 
sometimes  been  mentioned  by  Napoleonic 
writers,  but  never,  so  far  as  the  present 
writer  is  aware,  in  any  detail.  It  may 
therefore  be  safely  assumed  that  if  now 
known  at  all,  it  can  only  be  to  a  very  limited 
number  of  Napoleonic  students. 

The  letters  are  mostly  headed  "At  Sea'1  or 
"  At  St.  Helena,"  but  they  bear  no  date.  In 
the  first  letter  the  writer  describes  the  great 
public  excitement  caused  by  the  transfer 
of  Napoleon  from  the  Bellerophon  to  the 
Northumberland  in  Torbay,  5  Aug.,  1815  : — 

"There  was  a  daily  crowd  of  boats  and  other 
vessels  filled  with  curious  spectators  (some  of  whom, 
it  is  confidently  said,  have  come  on  purpose  from 
remote  parts  of  the  country,  and  even  from  London) 
to  snatch  such  a  glimpse  of  him  as  could  be  caught  at 
the  distance  they  -were  obliged  to  keep  from  the  Bel- 
lerophon, on  whose  gangway  he  occasionally  stood." 

On  3  Aug.,  1815,  the  Northumberland 
arrived  off  Berry  Head,  Torbay.  She  was 
there  joined  by  the  Tonnant,  accompanied 
by  the  Bellerophon,  which  had  on  board 
Napoleon  Bonaparte.  Count  de  las  Cases, 
chamberlain  to  the  ex-Emperor,  came  on 
board  to  arrange  the  requisite  accommoda- 
tion for  his  master.  "  The  Count,"  says  Mr. 
Warden,  "  does  not  exceed  five  feet  anc 


an  inch  in  height,  and  appears  to  be  fifty- 
years  of  age,  of  a  meagre  form  and  wrinkled 
orehead."  His  diminutive  appearance  did 
not  fail  to  invite  observation  from  various 
Beholders.  The  barge  which  conveyed 
STapoleon  from  the  Bellerophon  contained 
~~  ord  Keith,  Sir  George  Cockburn,  and 
Marshal  Bertrand,  who  had  shared  in  all 
lis  Imperial  master's  fortunes,  and  Generals 
Vtontholm  and  Gourgon,  who  had  been, 
and  still  retained  the  titles  of,  his  aides-de- 
camp. As  the  boat  approached,  the  figure 
of  Napoleon  was  readily  distinguished  from 
lis  resemblance  to  the  various  prints  dis- 
played in  the  windows  of  shops. 

"With  a  slow  step  Bonaparte  mounted  the 
gangway,  and  on  feeling  himself  firm  on  the  quarter- 
deck, he  raised  his  hat  when  the  guard  presented 
arms  and  the  drum  rolled.  The  officers  of  the 
Northumberland,  who  were  uncovered,  stood  con- 
siderably in  advance.  These  he  approached  and 
saluted  with  an  air  of  the  most  affable  politeness. 

His   dress  was  that  of   a  general  of  French 

nfantry His  face  was  pale,  and  his  beard  of  an 

unshaven  appearance.  His  forehead  is  thinly 
covered  with  dark  hair,  as  well  as  the  top  of  his- 
head,  which  is  large,  and  has  a  singular  flatness ;. 
what  hair  he  has  behind  is  bushy,  and  I  could  not 
discern  the  slightest  mixture  of  white  in  it.  His 
eyes,  which  are  grey,  are  in  continual  motion,  and 
lurry  rapidly  to  the  various  objects  around  him. 
His  teeth  are  regular  and  good ;  his  neck  is  short, 
but  his  shoulders  of  the  finest  proportion  ;  the  rest 
of  his  figure,  though  a  little  blended  with  Dutch 
fatness,  is  of  very  handsome  form." 

On  returning  on  deck  the  Emperor  engaged 
in  conversation  with  Lord  Lowther,  Mr. 
Lyttelton,  and  Sir  George  Bingham  for  an 
hour  before  dinner.  He  complained  of 
the  severity  with  which  he  was  treated 
in  being  consigned  to  pass  his  days  on  the 
rock  of  St.  Helena.  In  a  conversation  the 
author  had  with  Count  Bertrand,  the  latter 
complained  in  very  forcible  terms  of  the 
needless  cruelty  of  sending  them  to  such  a 
place  ;  he  said  that  the  Emperor  had  thrown 
himself  on  the  mercy  of  England  from  a 
full  and  consoling  confidence  that  he  should 
there  find  a  place  of  refuge  : — 

"  It  would  have  been  no  disgrace  to  England 
to  have  acknowledged  Napoleon  Bonaparte  as  a 
citizen.  It  might  rather  have  been  a  subject  of 
pride  to  England  that  the  conqueror  of  almost  all 
Europe  but  herself  sought,  in  his  adverse  fortune, 
to  pass  the  remainder  of  a  life  which  forms  so 
splendid  an  eppcha  in  the  history  of  our  age,  in  any 
retired  spot  of  her  domains  which  she  might  have 
allotted  him." 

In  the  next  chapter  we  are  told  that  their 
illustrious  guest  displayed  rather  an  eager 
appetite  :  he  made  a  very  hearty  dinner, 
which  he  moistened  with  claret ;  he  was 
observed  to  select  a  mutton  chop,  which 
he  contrived  to  dispose  of  without  the  aid 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JDLY  4,  im 


of  either  knife  or  fork.  He  passed  the 
•evening  on  the  quarter-deck,  and  chatted 
with  easy  pleasantry  with  those  near  him. 
Henever  moved  his  hands  from  their  habitual 
places  in  his  dress,  except  to  apply  them 
to  a  snuff-box  ;  but  he  never  offered  a  pinch 
to  any  one  with  whom  he  was  conversing. 
He  played  at  cards  during  the  evening. 
He  never  omitted  an  opportunity  of  asking 

rstions.  On  one  occasion  he  inquired 
ut  a  religious  community  in  Scotland 
•called  Johnsonians  ! — a  question  which  no 
one  could  answer  ;  the  only  probable  solu- 
tion being  that  when  he  contemplated 
invading  England  he  had  the  Hebrides 
in  mind,  and  Johnson's  *  Tour  to  the 
Hebrides '  got  mixed  up  in  his  mind  as  hav- 
ing relation  to  some  religious  community  or 
other. 

As  for  Napoleon's  invasion  of  England, 
our  surgeon  says  that  according  to  his  recol- 
lection it  was  not  generally  considered 
practicable,  but  he  gives  his  authority  for 
the  actual  intention  of  carrying  it  out : — 

"  Bonaparte  positively  avers  it.  He  says  that  he 
had  200,000  men  on  the  coast  of  France  opposite  to 
England  ;  and  that  it  was  his  determination  to  head 
them  in  person.  The  attempt  he  acknowledged  to 
l>e  very  hazardous,  and  the  issue  equally  doubtful. 
His  mind,  however,  was  bent  on  the  enterprise,  and 
every  possible  arrangement  was  made  to  give  effect 
to  its  operations.  It  was  hinted  to  him,  however, 
that  his  flotilla  was  altogether  insufficient,  and  that 
rsuch  a  ship  as  the  Northumberland  would  run  down 

fifty  of  them but  he  stated  that  his  plan  was  to 

/rid  the  Channel  of  English  men-of-war,  and  for  that 
purpose  he  had  directed  Admiral  Villeneuve,  with 
the  combined  fleets  of  France  and  Spain,  to  sail 
apparently  for  Martinique,  for  the  express  purpose 
of  distracting  our  naval  force,  by  drawing  after  him 
.a  large  portion  of,  if  not  all,  our  best  ships.  Other 
/squadrons  of  observation  would  follow,  and  Eng- 
land might  by  these  manoeuvres  be  left  sufficiently 
•defenceless  for  his  purpose.  Admiral  Villeneuve 
was  directed,  on  gaining  a  certain  latitude,  to  take 
a,  baffling  course  back  to  Europe,  and,  having  eluded 
the  vigilance  of  Nelson,  to  enter  the  English 
•Channel.  The  flotilla  would  then  have  sallied  forth 
from  Ostend,  Dunkirk,  Boulogne,  and  the  adjoining 

ports But  Villeneuve  was  met  on  his  return  by 

Sir  Robert  Calder,  and,  having  suffered  a  defeat, 
took  refuge  in  Ferrol.  From  that  harbour  he  was 
peremptorily  ordered  to  sea,  according  to  his 
•original  instructions  ;  but  contrary  to  their  most 
imperative  and  explicit  intent,  he  steered  his  course 
for  Cadiz.  'He  might  as  well,'  exclaimed  Napo- 
leon, raising  his  voice,  and  increasing  his  im- 
petuosity— '  he  might  as  well  have  gone  to  the  East 
Indies.'  Two  days  after  Villeneuve  had  quitted  his 
anchorage  before  Cadiz  a  naval  officer  arrived  there 
to  supersede  him.  The  glorious  victory  of  Trafalgar 
soon  followed,  and  the  French  admiral  died  a  few 
-days  after  his  arrival  in  France  ;  report  says  by  his 
own  hand." 

E.  MAKSTON. 

(To  be  concluded ) 


'ENGLANDS  PARNASSUS,'  1600. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  341,  401.) 

WHENEVEB  I  have  had  occasion  to 
examine  works  which  consisted  largely  of 
prose  I  have  'noticed  that,  as  an  invari- 
able rule,  Allot  skipped  translated  sen- 
tences from  old  writers  that  were  not 
dropped  from  the  body  of  the  text  and 
printed  separately  ;  but  that  if  such  sen- 
tences were  accorded  a  distinct  setting,  he 
very  often  took  note  of  them  for  his  book. 
In  '  Wits  Miserie '  many  verses  from  old 
poets  are  mingled  with  the  prose,  and 
Lodge  has  translated  them  in  a  form  that 
made  them  fit  for  Allot' s  purposes  ;  but 
none  of  these  appears  in  *  Englands  Par- 
nassus,' whereas  few  of  the  pronounced 
verses  were  allowed  to  escape  his  notice. 
The  discovery  of  this  peculiarity  resulted 
in  lessening  the  labour  of  research,  and  it 
proved  to  me  that  Allot  was  a  superficial 
reader,  who  was  only  anxious  to  collect 
certain  material  which  did  not  involve  much 
labour  in  its  accumulation.  Verse  is  verse, 
whether  it  be  shown  in  the  body  of  the  text 
or  separately ;  and  therefore  if  Ovid,  or 
Lucan,  or  Virgil  is  good  for  quotation  in 
one  case,  why  ignore  him  in  the  other  ? 
Because  Allot  did  not  see  these  things— that 
is  the  answer  ;  he  did  not  read  the  whole 
of  a  book,  only  its  poetry,  and  when  in  a 
prominent  setting. 

The  last  case  of  jumbling  revealed  by 
the  pamphlet  concerns  a  translation  by 
Lodge  from  Horace,  and  two  lines— the 
end  ones — from  some  unnamed  writer, 
who,  however,  will  be  discovered  to  be  one 
of  the  poets  who  figure  elsewhere  in  Allot' s 
book.  For  it  is  a  very  remarkable  fact  that, 
so  far  as  the  names  of  authors  are  concerned, 
4  Englands  Parnassus '  is  self-contained ; 
the  only  exceptions  to  this  rule  being, 


the  subject  later  on,  and  finish  at  once  with 
the  mingled  passages  that  concern  *  Wits 
Miserie '  : — 

4  Words,'  p.  366. 
If  so  the  crow  would  feast  him  without  prate, 
More  meate  hee  should  receive,  lesse  brawle  and 

hate. 

A  foole  hee  is,  that  comes  to  preach  and  prate, 
When  men  with  swords  their   right   and  wrong 

debate.  No  author  named. 

If  anybody  wishes  to  find  the  first  two 
lines  of  what  follows,  let  him  avoid  *  Hero 
and  Leander*  as  he  would  the  plague, 
charm  Collier  never  so  sweetly.  The  lines 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


are  not  in  any  known  part  of  Chapman, 
although  Collier  refers  them  to  Chapman's 
continuation  of  Marlowe's  poem,  where  he 
found  the  third  one  : — 

4  Good  Deeds,'  p.  141. 

Good  deeds,  in  case  that  they  be  evil  placed, 
111  deeds  are  reckoned,  and  soone  disgraced  : 
That  is  a  good  deed  that  prevents  a  bad. 

(signed)  G.  Chapman. 

Allot  next  mingles  Thomas  Lodge's 
'Glaucus  and  Sylla,'  11.  29-30,  with 
Spenser's  '  Ruines  of  Time,'  11.  55-6  : — 

'  World,'  p.  379. 
Take  moysture  from  the  sea,  take  colour  from  his 

kind, 
Before  the  World  devoyd  of  change  thou  finde. 

All  that  in  this  World  is  great  or  gay 

Doth,  as  a  vapour,  vanish  and  decay. 

(signed)  Ed.  Spencer. 

I  can  only  find  the  last  eight  lines  of  the 
next  quotation  in  Sylvester,  in  the  '  Babylon,' 
11.  524-31,  of  Du  Bartas  :— 

'  Sleepe,'  p.  319. 

A  drowsie  head  to  earth  by  dull  desire 
Draws  downe  the  soule,  that  should   to  heaven 

aspire. 

Writing  these  later  lines,  wearie  well-nie 
Of  sacred  Pallas  pleasing  labour  deare, 
Mine  humble  chin  salute th  oft  my  brest ; 
With  an  ambrosian  deawe  mine  eies  possest, 
By  peece  meale  close  ;  all  moving  powers  die  still ; 
From  my  dull  fingers  drops  my  fainting  quill : 
Downe  in  my  sloath-bound  bed  again e  1  shrinke, 
And  in  darke  Laethe  all  deepe  cares  I  sinke. 

(signed)  J.  Syl. 

With  Sylvester's  fine  rendering  of  Du 
Bartas' s  charming  lines,  I  end  examples 
that  have  come  under  my  notice  of  mixed 
passages  in  '  Englands  Parnassus.'  It  is 
true  that  under  'Fortune,'  p.  117,  Collier 
thought  he  had  found  a  similar  case  in  con- 
nexion with  a  quotation  from  'The  Mirror 
for  Magistrates '  ;  but  he  was  mistaken. 
He  used  a  copy  of  the  1610  edition  of  the 
work,  which  omits  the  line  that  he  dis- 
tinguishes from  the  rest  of  the  passage. 
A  glance  at  an  earlier  version  of  the  '  Legend 
of  Lord  Irenglas'  will  show  that  Allot 
copied  his  original  accurately. 

One  result  of  the  finding  of  these  mixed 
passages  is  that,  whereas  at  first  my  com- 
putation of  the  number  of  extracts  in 
'  Englands  Parnassus '  gave  a  total  of  2,330, 
that  figure  has  had  to  be  increased  corre- 
spondingly with  the  errors  as  they  have 
become  known  to  me.  What  the  real 
number  will  be  when  the  quotations  are  all 
located  is  a  matter  for  intelligent  speculation. 

Allot' s  book  was  excellently  planned, 
but  it  was  badly  executed.  His  design  was 
to  display  in  a  handy  form  the  thoughts 
and  opinions  of  poets  of  his  own  and  the 


previous  generation,  and  to  invite  com- 
parison between  the  literary  achievements 
of  English  authors  and  their  foreign  rivals,, 
both  ancient  and  modern  ;  and,  as  such  a 
work  would  cover  mudh  of  the  domain  of 
thought,  he  curtailed  his  extracts  to  a  few 
lines,  thus  forming  a  dictionary  of  quota- 
tions that  could  be  readily  consulted.  To- 
these  short  extracts  he  added  longer  ones 
containing  descriptions  of  beauty  as  applied 
to  form,  place,  and  scenery  ;  and  rounded 
off  with  examples  showing  the  proper  way 
of  using  tropes  and  other  ornaments  of 
speech.  And  it  was  part  of  his  plan  that 
underneath  each  of  his  quotations  the 
signature  of  the  author  should  be  placed. 

To  compile  such  a  work  as  that  required 
not  only  taste  and  judgment,  but  steadiness 
of  purpose,  and  no  mean  clerical  skill.  A 
close  examination  of  Allot' s  extracts  reveals 
the  fact  that  they  did  not  assume  their 
present  order  until  after  much  shifting 
about  from  place  to  place  ;  for  not  only  do 
we  find  authors  mingled  indiscriminately, 
but  quotations  under  the  same  headings 
and  from  the  same  works  follow  a  different, 
order  from  their  originals.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  is  easy  to  trace  passages  that  Allot 
selected ;  and  when  going  systematically 
through  a  work  little  that  he  took  is  missed  ;. 
and,  moreover,  one  can  clear  up  many  of 
his  errors  at  the  same  time,  because  on& 
gets  to  know  the  matter  he  would  take  ; 
and  therefore,  if  it  is  not  quoted  under  the 
right  signature,  it  will  almost  surely  be 
found  under  a  wrong  one,  or  stand  as  an 
unsigned  entry,  either  alone  or  mingled 
with  another  passage. 

It  seems  to  follow  that  he  must  have> 
used  separate  slips  for  each  of  his  entries, 
and  that  he  often  forgot  to  write  the- 
authors'  names  on  them,  and  then  trusted 
to  luck  for  this  information  after  he  had 
arranged  his  extracts  under  their  several 
divisions.  And  what  seems  to  have  proved 
his  greatest  trouble  was  the  vicious  practice 
of  using  the  word  "  Idem  "  instead  of  the- 
author's  name.  This  practice  would  appear 
to  be  right  at  the  time  of  transcribing  to  one- 
who  had  not  had  the  training  of  a  scribe, 
because,  as  in  the  case  of  Sylvester  or 
Spenser,  who  yielded  so  much  material, 
it  would  seem  irksome  to  write  the  name  in- 
full  on  each  slip,  when  "  Idem "  would, 
apparently  answer  the  same  purpose.  But 
when  it  came  to  the  time  of  distribution  the 
folly  of  this  course  would  be  manifest,, 
because  the  slips  would  change  their  places,, 
and  the  "  Idems  "  would  indicate  that  the 
passages  very  often  belonged  to  authors 


6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES/       no  s.  x.  JULY  4, 


whose  quotations  preceded  them  ;  and  only 
by  chance  or  a  happy  effort  of  memory 
•could  the  mistakes  be  righted.  I  can  offer 
no  better  explanation  than  this  to  account 
for  Allot' s  errors  of  attribution,  which  I 
purpose  dealing  with  more  fully  now.  This 
•explanation  also  accounts  for  the  mixed 
quotations  which  have  already  been  dealt 
with,  and  it  shifts  part  of  the  blame  for 
them  from  Allot' s  shoulders  to  those  of  his 
printers. 

CHARLES  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GTJLSTON  COLLECTION  OF  PRINTS. — John 
Nichols  in  the  fifth  volume  of  his  *  Illustra- 
tions of  the  Literary  History  of  the  Eigh- 
teenth Century '  writes  at  some  length  on 
Joseph  Gulston  and  his  son  the  collector, 
who,  it  is  said,  dissipated  a  huge  fortune 
and  several  estates  in  collecting  books  and 
prints,  and  in  building.  There  is  no  appa- 
rent reason  for  Nichols's  diffuseness  on  the 
family  romance  and  misfortunes.  Neither 
the  father  nor  his  extravagant  son  was  a 
benefactor  to  the  arts,  and  just  where 
information  is  most  wanted,  Nichols  is 
.annoyingly  brief  or  inaccurate.  It  may  be 
assumed  that  the  collections  which  no  money 
was  spared  to  perfect  would  be  worth  careful 
Analysis  and  study  ;  but  of  the  library 
virtually  nothing  is  said,  and  the  summary 
of  the  extraordinary  assemblage  of  prints 
is  at  fault  in  many  particulars. 

"In  the  spring  of  1786  he  determined  to  sell  his 
isuperb  collection  of  prints,  having  in  vain  made 
•every  effort  to  dispose  of  them  to  the  Empress  of 
Russia  for  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  pounds. 
The  following  is  a  correct  account  of  them." 
The  summary  that  follows  is  too  long  to 
give  at  length,  but  from  it  I  extract : — 

"Eighteen  thousand  foreign  portraits,  being  a 
•collection  of  Eminent  Engravers  of  Every  Country. 

"Twenty-three  thousand  five  hundred  portraits 
of  the  English  series,  placed  according  to  Mr. 
Granger's  'Biographical  History.' 

"  The  topographical  collection  of  England,  Ire- 
land, Scotland,  and  Wales,  containing  fourteen 
thousand  five  hundred  prints ;  together  with  the 
•collection  of  the  topographical  books,  several  of 
them  interleaved  with  MS.  notes  and  additions  by 
the  authors.  There  are  also  all  the  copies  that 
have  been  printed  on  large  paper." 

This  provides  interesting  reading,  but 
was  evidently  written  when  the  collection 
was  still  in  its  owner's  possession.  It  is 
•entirely  at  variance  with  what  was  actually 
offered  at  its  dispersal.  The  sale  began  at 
6  o'clock  on  16  Jan.,  1786,  and  continued 
for  thirty-seven  succeeding  evenings,  Sun- 
days excepted.  Instead  of  the  careful 


lassification  and  bound  collections,  the 
prints  were  hopelessly  mixed,  topographical, 
early  masters,  English  and  foreign  portraits, 
alternating,  without  the  slightest  attempt 
at  arrangement  of  period,  subject,  or  treat- 
ment. Here  are  some  lots  from  the  second 
night : — 

28.  Thirty  political. 

29.  Thirty  mezzotintos. 

30.  Twelve  after  Rubens  and  Vandyke. 

31.  Seventeen  Dutch  etchings. 

32.  Twelve  portraits — drawings. 

33.  Twelve  by  Hogarth. 

45.  One   hundred   and    twenty-seven    prints   of 
Hollar,  from  Dugdale's  '  Warwickshire,'  &c. 

46.  Four    prints,    mezzotintos    of    Sir    Erasmus 
Smith  and  his  Lady,  by  George  White,  rariss. 

47.  Twelve  by  Nanteuil. 

48.  Ten  large  views    of  Audley    End   by  Win- 
stanley,  rariss. 

Not  only  in  mere  numbers,  but  also  in 
general  excellence,  this  must  always  be 
considered  the  most  important  collection 
of  prints  ever  offered  for  sale.  The  amount 
realized  is  an  imperfect  indication,  the  ex- 
tremely defective  cataloguing,  the  huge 
numbers  surfeiting  the  market,  and  the 
change  of  taste  making  all  the  differ- 
ence between  the  result  of  this  sale  and 
that  obtained  for  Sir  Mark  Masterman 
Sykes's  collection,  which  in  1824  realized 
18,309?.  9s.  6d. 

The  Gulston  Collection  is  rarely  mentioned, 
although  it  was  largely  the  origin  of  the 
Musgrave  and  Tyssen  collections.  The  cata- 
logue is  scarce,  and  affords  no  information 
It  is  certain  that  John  Nichols,  or  the  niece 
of  Gulston' s  daughter  who  provided  much 
of  his  information,  did  not  consult  a  copy  ; 
and  as  he  in  this  important  matter  failed, 
so  has  the  writer  of  Gulston' s  biography  in 
the  '  D.N.B.'  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

OXFORD  COMMEMORATION  IN  1759. — In 
the  '  Varsity  [sic]  Souvenir  of  the  Oxford 
Pageant  of  1907'  is  an  engraving  of  the 
Encaenia  or  Commemoration,  representing 
the  Sheldonian  Theatre  crowded  at  the 
inauguration  of  John  Fane,  Earl  of  West- 
moreland, on  5  July,  1759.  This  is  repro- 
duced probably  from  a  fine  large  engraving 
of  the  subject  which  is  very  scarce.  There, 
are  in  it  supposablymany  portraits  of  Oxford 
celebrities  of  that  period.  The  gentlemen 
are  wearing  wigs,  the  Chancellor  one  of 
extraordinary  magnitude  ;  the  ladies  have 
hooped  petticoats  and  large  fans.  The 
Chancellor,  Lord  Westmoreland,  who  had 
been  a  distinguished  soldier,  died  in  1762-3. 

In  '  Selecta  Poemata  Anglorum '  (1779) 
is  a  long  poem  in  Latin  hexameters  entitled 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


4  Dialogus  inter  Academicum  et  Rusticum,' 
recited  in  the  Theatre  at  this  inauguration. 
In  it,  as  in  many  other  classical  productions 
of  that  date,  the  penultimate  vowel  of 
Academia  is  made  short.  This  year  1759 
was  styled  from  the  great  victories  of  the 
British  arms  "  Annus  Mirabilis." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

"  FAIR-COPY." — The  earliest  illustrative 
quotation  for  fair-copy  in  *  H.E.D.'  is  of 
1840  as  a  verb  and  1873  as  a  noun  ;  but  the 
combination  would  seem  to  be  of  a  decidedly 
anterior  date  to  either.  Mr.  George  Bernard 
Shaw,  in  the  preface  to  his  published  play 
*  The  Devil's  Disciple,'  referring  to  General 
Burgoyne's  surrender  at  Saratoga,  says  : — 

"  The  explanation  of  his  defeat  given  in  the  play 
is  founded  on  a  passage  quoted  by  De  Fonblanque 
from  Fitzmaurice's  Life  of  Lord  Shelburne  as 
follows :  '  Lord  George  Germain,  having  among 
other  peculiarities  a  particular  dislike  to  be  put  out 
of  his  way  on  any  occasion,  had  arranged  to  call  at 
his  office  on  his  way  to  the  country  to  sign  the 
dispatches ;  but  as  those  addressed  to  Howe  had 
not  been  fair-copied,  and  he  was  not  disposed  to  be 
balked  of  his  projected  visit  to  Kent,  they  were 
not  signed  then,  and  were  forgotten  on  his  return 
home.' " 

Sir  George  Trevelyan,  in  his  lately  pub- 
lished volume  on  'The  American  Revolu- 
tion/ in  doubting  the  truth  of  the  story, 
employs  the  same  word  fair-copied  : — • 

"It  is  stated  that  a  letter,  giving  Sir  William 
Howe  positive  and  explicit  orders  to  co-operate 
with  Burgoyne,  had  been  drafted  in  the  English 
War  Office  at  the  end  of  March ;  but  that  Germain 
went  out  of  town  before  it  was  fair-copied,  and 
forgot  to  sign  and  send  it.  To  any  one  who  has  had 
charge  of  a  public  department— with  Permanent 
Secretaries,  and  Private  Secretaries,  to  keep  him  in 
mind  of  his  duties — the  story  is  unbelievable.  It 
has  its  origin  in  a  private  memoir  by  Lord  Shel- 
burne;  but  Lord  Shelburne,  when  jotting  down 
reminiscences  in  the  seclusion  of  his  study,  was  no 
safe  authority  for  anecdotes  reflecting '  upon  the 
public  men  of  his  own  time." 

There  should  be  no  difficulty,  therefore, 
in  tracing  the  word  beyond  1840. 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

FIRST  DUKE  OF  GORDON'S  BIRTH. — In  the 
absence  of  a  definite  date  it  is  usually  said 
that  the  first  Duke  was  "  about  ten  years 
of  age"  when  he  succeeded  his  father  in 
1653.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  his  father  and 
mother  were  married  in  October,  1644. 
But  a  much  better  test  is  afforded  by  the 
letter  the  Duke  wrote  to  Lauderdale  on 
4  July,  1664  (Add.  MS.  23,  122,  f.  80): 
"  Now,  my  Lord,  having  allmost  attined 
to  the  14  year  of  my  agge  complit,  I  ame 
resolved  to  chose  my  curators  for  the  better 


managing     of     my     esteat."     That     would 
make  1650  his  birth-year. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
118,  Pall  Mall. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


WOTTON  HOUSE.  —  The  death  of  Mr. 
Evelyn  of  Wotton  reminds  me  to  revive  a 
query  which  he  could  not  answer.  Who 
built  Wotton  ?  D. 

PRIOR  AND  HIS  CHLOE. — Most  people, 
I  imagine,  take  their  view  of  Prior  and  of 
his  Chloe  from  Spence's  '  Anecdotes '  and 
Johnson's  *  Lives.'  I  have,  however,  lately 
met  with  the  following  paragraph  on  the 
subject,  in  which  a  very  different  colour  is 
given  to  the  commonly-received  opinion : — 

"  It  was  not  Pope,  however,  that,  of  all  the  Queen 
Anne  men,  Wesley  admired  most,  but  rather  Prior. 
He  quotes  him  repeatedly  in  the  '  Journal ' ;  and 
when  Samuel  Johnson,  in  the  newly  issued  *  Lives 
of  the  Poets,'  spoke  in  terms  of  depreciation  both 
of  Prior's  character  and  of  his  verse,  Wesley,  then 
in  his  eightieth  year,  came  to  the  defence  of  his 
favourite  poet  in  a  most  spirited  paper.  Prior,  he 
asserts,  was  not  half  so  bad  a  man  as  his  critics 
have  painted  him ;  while,  as  to  the  Chloe  of  the 
charming  lyrics,  who  had  been  represented  as  no 
better  than  she  should  be,  Wesley  declares,  on  the 
authority  of  his  brother  Samuel,  who  knew  her  well, 
that  she  was  an  estimable  Miss  Taylor  of  West- 
minster, who  refused  the  advances  of  the  poet 
while  he  was  living,  and  spent  hours  weeping  at 
his  tomb  after  he  was  dead."  —  From  C.  T.  Win- 
chester's 'Life  of  Wesley.' 

One  would  be  glad  to  have  this  account 
confirmed,  especially  as  regards  "  Chloe." 
Surely  such  charming  verses  as  Prior's  were 
not  inspired  by  a  worthless  woman. 

T.  M.  W. 

DAVIDSON  CLAN. — I  should  be  greatly 
obliged  to  any  of  your  readers  who  would 
give  me  information  on  the  following  points 
connected  with  the  clan  Davidson  : — 

1.  The    ancestry    of    Pillichattan    Mor, 
the  ancestor  of  Clann  Dhai,  Clann  Mhurich, 
&c. 

2.  Any  information  concerning  the  dis- 
putes between  the  Davidsons  and  MacPher- 
sons,  particularly  as  to  which  son  of  Pilli- 
chattan Mor,  Dai  Dubh  was. 

3.  Any  information,  or  the  names  of  any 
books     or    articles,     about    the    Davidsons 
since  1386. 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  4,  im 


4.  Was  the  blue  falcon  ever  a  cognizance 
of  the  Davidsons,  as  Scott  says  in  '  The 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth,'  and  does  the  eagle's  head 
crest  of  Tulloch  refer  to  that  ? 

Replies  should  be  addressed  to  me  care  of 
Mr.  William  Bryce,  Bookseller,  Edinburgh. 

CLANN  DHAI. 

ROMANS  AT  YORK. — In  Sir  H.  Drummond 
Wolff's  '  Rambling  Recollections,'  the  follow- 
ing passage  occurs  : — 

"  On  my  way  to  Scotland  I  was  detained  at  York 
for  two  days  in  the  height  of  summer.  In  the  day- 
time the  streets  were  perfectly  empty,  but  in  the 
evening  the  whole  population  turned  out,  and  the 
town  was  almost  impassable.  This  habit  was  one 
that  I  had  only  previously  seen  in  Italy.  Later, 
when  travelling,  I  met  a  gentleman — I  think  his 
name  was  Mr.  Wallace— who  seemed  to  have  a 
great  deal  of  antiquarian  knowledge.  I  told  him 
what  I  had  noticed  in  York,  and  he  replied,  '  The 
reason  is  that  for  more  than  forty  years  a  Koman 
legion  was  quartered  there.  Since  then  the  in- 
habitants of  York  all  have  Roman  noses,  while 
Yorkshiremen  are  generally  inclined  to  be  snub- 
nosed.'  With  me,  he  attributed  the  fact  of  the 
streets  being  crowded  during  the  summer  evenings 
to  the  same  cause." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  (1)  whether 
the  Roman  legion  stationed  at  York  was 
composed  of  Italians,  (2)  whether  the 
citizens  of  York  go  out  in  the  evening  more 
than  those  of  other  towns,  (3)  whether  their 
noses  are  more  "  Roman  "  than  the  average. 
From  my  own  recollection  I  should  answer 
the  last  two  questions  in  the  negative. 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

GOLDSBOROUGH  FAMILY  OF  STAPLEFORD, 
HERTS. — I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  by  any 
information  concerning  this  family :  they 
appear  to  have  lived  at  Benwick  Hall, 
Stapleford,  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

From  Gatfield's  'Guide'  it  seems  that  a 
history  of  the  Goldsborough  family  was  in 
course  of  compilation  some  years  ago. 
Was  this  ever  completed  ? 

H.  P.  POLLARD. 

Bengeo,  Hertford. 

JOHNSONIANA. — Authority  is  wanted  for 
the  following  anecdote  of  Dr.  Johnson.  At 
the  dinner-table  the  Doctor  on  one  occasion 
took  a  mouthful  of  hot  soup  and  imme- 
diately returned  it  to  his  plate,  remarking 
to  his  neighbour,  "  A  fool  would  have  swal- 
lowed that."  BAHAMIAN. 

MAPS.  —  Where  can  I  ascertain  the 
dates  of  the  earliest  copies  of  the  maps 
illustrating  Strabo,  Ptolemy,  &c.  ?  Are 
any  of  the  existing  maps  copied  from  ancient 
ones  ?  YGREC. 


GORDONS  OF  MESSINA.  —  The  '  Dizio- 
narip  Storico  Blasonico '  of  noble  Italian 
families  (1886) mentions  Gordone  di  Messina. 
The  family  is  said  to  have  had  a  Scots  origin 
and  settled  in  Messina  with  the  baronial 
itle  of  Camastra  in  1702.  What  is  known 
of  it  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

BURIAL-GROUND  OF  ST.  GEORGE'S,  HAN- 
OVER SQUARE,  BAYSWATER  ROAD. — I  am 
engaged  in  some  genealogical  research,  and 
[  am  desirous  of  knowing  whether  any 
Drinted  list  of  inscriptions  on  tombstones 
n  this  burial-ground  has  ever  been  pub- 
Dished,  or  whether  any  manuscript  list  is  in 
existence.  My  inquiry  refers  more  particu- 
larly to  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  A.  F.  H. 

ASKEW  OR  AYSCOUGH  FAMILY. — I  shall 
be  greatly  obliged  by  information,  or  sug- 
gestions as  to  the  source  of  information, 
concerning  the  descendants  of  the  family  to 
which  Anne  Askew,  the  martyr,  belonged. 
I  have  a  special  interest  in  the  subject, 
having  been  always  led  to  suppose  that  I 
am  descended  from  that  family.  My  great- 
grandfather married  a  Miss  Askew  in  Cum- 
berland, and  the  Christian  names  Anne 
Askew  are  common  among  my  relations. 

E.  W. 

HENRY  ELLISON. — I  should  like  to  know 
something  of  this  writer,  some  half  a  dozen 
of  whose  sonnets  Leigh  Hunt  had  the  insight 
to  include  in  his  '  Book  of  the  Sonnet/ 
which  was  published  in  1867  by  Sampson 
Low  &  Co.  Neither  Mr.  Sharp  nor  Mr. 
Waddington  thought  Ellison  deserving  of 
inclusion  in  their  several  anthologies. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

SEARLE  OR  SERLE  OF  EPPING.— Can  any 
of  your  readers  give  me  genealogical  informa- 
tion regarding  this  Essex  family,  which 
apparently  nourished  in  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries,  or  refer  me  to  any 
record,  printed  or  otherwise,  where  I  can 
find  a  pedigree  ?  SIGMA  TAU. 

DE  ST.  PHILIBERT. — I  should  be  glad  to 
receive  some  genealogical  particulars  as  to 
Roger  and  Hugh  de  Sancto  Philiberto,  who 
were  parties  to  a  Fine  (1  July,  1206)  concern- 
ing land  in  Bray  in  Berkshire,  in  Welles  in 
Norfolk,  and  in  Tremerdred  (Tremodred 
in  Duloe)  in  Cornwall.  On  8  May,  1244, 
Hugh  was  concerned  with  Robert  Rastel 
in  a  Fine  dealing  with  Lantonnan  in  Cornwall. 
J.  HAMBLEY  ROWE,  M.B. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


FALSE  QUANTITIES. — Quite  recently  I 
was  reading  an  article  on  famous  false 
quantities  made  in  speeches.  I  remember 
two  instances  :  "  Moritur  et  moriens,  &c.' 
and  "  Sunt  plura  bona  "  at  end  of  a  hexa- 
meter. Can  any  one  refer  me  to  the  article  ? 

G.  W.  E.  R. 

[Is  it  Mr.  H.  Paul's  '  Decay  of  Classical  Quotation 
(Nineteenth  Century,  April,  1896),  or  Bishop  Welldon'* 
on  *  The  Art  of  Classical  Quotation '  in  the  same 
magazine  for  April,  1905  ?    '  A  Last  Ramble  in  the 
Classics,'  by  H. 
from  Martial  ending  in 


BURNEY'S  *  HISTORY  OF  Music.1 — Does 
any  reader  know  the  exact  collation  of  Bur- 
ney's  'History  of  Music,'  1776-89,  4  vols, 
4to  ?  Apparently  one  volume  was  issued 
in  1776,  and  a  second  edition,  with  new  plates, 
in  1788,  when  the  other  three  volumes 
appeared.  There  is  no  list  of  plates  in  the 
1776  volume.  FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

SCOTCH     TOUR  :     TITLE    WANTED. — Can 


by  Lord  Clarendon. 
Quantities  on  p.  153. 


U9     J.«7Vt/    .  .ti.    J-JitOU     J.Vttll.1  ILJ1C      1J1       L'llO     I  „      _  f 

E.  P.  Platt  (1906),  gives  the  line    any  reader  give  me  the  title  of  a  work  pub- 
ing  in  "sunt  plura  bona  "as  quoted    lished    in    2    vols.,    8vo,    somewhere    about 


See  his  short  article  on  False 
See  also  10  S.  ix.  354,  512. 


1830  ?  It  was  written  by  a  lady,  and 
described  a  tour  made  in  Scotland.  It 
was  illustrated  by  herself. 

W.  E.  WILSON 


CONSCIENTIOUS  SCRUPLES  AGAINST  WAR. 
—The    following    is    the    substance    of    the 

Constable's  statement,  respecting  a  distraint  I  T.  L.  PEACOCK  :  "  SKYLIGHT  "  AND 
taken  from  John  Paul,  a  member  of  the  "  TWILIGHT." — In  chap.  v.  of  T.  L.  Pea- 
Society  of  Friends  at  Tavistock  for  refusing  cock's  '  Headlong  Hall '  there  occurs  a 
to  lend  his  waggon  to  convey  military  bag-  glee  beginning 


gage   in   consequence    of    his    conscientious 
scruples  against  war  : — 

GOODS  TAKEN. 

Six  mahogany  chairs    ...    \ 

One  tea-urn         V  and  sold  for  £5  7s.  Od. 

One  copper  coal  scuttle      J 

Being  about  two-thirds  of  their  value. 

Charges : — 

Levy  „         £03 

Man  in  possession  5  days        ..  0  12 

Appraiser    ...  ...  ..  02 

Advertising  and  publishing  ale        0  10 
Duty  to  the  Excise  ...  ..  05 


Magistrate's  Clerk's  fees 
Auctioneer's  Commission 
Penalty 


0 
0 
3 

£5 

0 


4    2 
2  10 


3s.  left  with  this  account 
Tavistock,  Devon,  23  May,  1837.    - 
Can    any    reader    give    similar    instances 
also  the  latest  date   on  which  a  distraint 
has    been    enforced  ?     Has    this    law    been 
repealed  ?  F.  K.  P. 

ROUND  OAK  SPRING. — There  is  a  sonnet 
to  a  place  so  called  in  Clare's  '  Rural  Muse/ 
p.  143.  Can  any  one  tell  me  the  parish 
in  which  it  is  situated  ?  The  preface  is 


A  heeltap  !  a  heeltap  !  I  never  could  bear  it ! 
The  first  line  of  the  second  stanza  is 

No  Skylight !  No  Twilight !    While  Bacchus  rules 
o'er  us. 

What  is  the  meaning,  in  this  connexion, 
of  the  words  "  Skylight  "  and  "  Twilight "  ? 
H.  A.  DAVIDSON. 

HARVEY'S  BIRTHPLACE.  —  Dr.  William 
Harvey,  the  discoverer  of  the  circulation  of 
the  blood,  was  born  1  April,  1578,  at  Folke- 
stone, and  a  question  has  recently  arisen 
as  to  the  site  of  the  house.  The  '  D.N.B.' 
states  that  he  was  born 

in  a  house  which  was  in  later  times  the  posthouse 
of  the  town,  and  which  still  belongs  to  Caius  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  to  which  Harvey  bequeathed  it." 

On  the  other  hand,  a  local  guide  states  that 
Harvey  settled  his  paternal  estate  in  Kent 
upon    the    College " — meaning    the    Royal 
College  of  Physicians. 
Which  is  correct  ?          R.  J.  FYNMORE. 
Sandgate. 

"  FEMMER." — I  shall  be  glad  if  some  reader 
will  give  me  the  meaning  and  origin  and 
spelling  of  a  word  pronounced  "  femmer," 
meaning  rickety  or  frail.  My  mother, 


dated  from  Market  Deeping,  Northampton-   who   used  many   Scotch   words,    employed 


shire. 


AYEAHR. 


JOHN  OF  GAUNT' s  ARMS. — What  were  the 
arms  (particularly  the  cadency  mark),  crest, 
and  motto  of  the  fourth  son  of  Edward  III.  ? 

GHENT. 

"THE    LOST   TRIBE  "=  THE    SCOTCH. Who 

was    the    originator    of    this    expression    as 
applied  to  the  Scotch  ?  L.  S. 


am  unable  to  find  in  a 
JAMES  W.  WALKER. 


this  one,  which 
dictionary. 
Chicago. 

BLETCHINGLY  PLACE. — This  house  before 
it  was  pulled  down,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Gate  House  (Place  Farm),  in  1.680 
was  occupied  on  at  least  one  occasion  by 
Anne  of  Cleves  when  she  owned  the  manor. 
Does  any  description  or  engraving  of  the 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  4,  im. 


house  exist  in  its  original  state  ?  The 
foundations  still  to  a  large  extent  can  be 
traced,  and  materials  from  it  can  be  seen 
in  the  neighbouring  walls  and  cottages. 

W.  P.  D.  S. 

"  LADY  CHABLOTTE  GORDON." — What  was 
the  real  name  of  the  author  who  wrote 
*  The  Mysteries  of  the  Court  of  Denmark ' 
in  1863  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

"  PROMETHEAN."  —  This  is  given  in  the 
American  '  Century  Dictionary '  as  a  name 
for  "  a  small  glass  tube  containing  sulphuric 
acid,  and  surrounded  by  an  inflammable 
mixture  which  it  ignited  on  being  pressed  ; 
formerly  used  for  affording  a  ready  light." 
Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give  informa- 
tion about  this  device,  or  refer  to  any  book 
in  which  it  is  described  or  spoken  of  ? 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 


SNODGRASS  AS    A    SURNAME. 
(10  S.  ix.  427.) 

IT  is  surprising  that  there  should  have 
been  any  doubt  as  to  Snodgrass  being  a 
real  name,  as  people  bearing  it  are  still 
to  be  found  in  Glasgow,  Paisley,  and  other 
parts  of  Scotland. 

1.  An  account  of  the  Snodgrass  family  of 
Cunninghamehead  is  given  in  Paters  on' s 
*  History  of  the  Counties  of  Ayr  and  Wig- 
town,' iii.  209-10,  which  I  will  not  repeat 
more  than  is  necessary  for  the  purpose  of 
adding  dates,  &c.  John,  the  first  Snodgrs 
owner  of  Cunninghamehead,  and  builder 
of  the  house  there,  died  20  Oct.,  1771. 
The  eldest  son  Neil  died  6  Oct.,  1821, 
aged  81,  his  wife  Marian  having  pre- 
deceased him  13  March,  1818.  The  second 
son  William  died  at  Irvine,  2  Nov.,  1824, 
aged  83.  The  youngest  son  John  became 
a  lieutenant  in  the  82nd  Regiment,  19  Dec., 
1778,  and  was  drowned  at  sea  soon  after- 
wards. 

Neil  Snodgrass  of  Cunninghamehead  had 
three  sons  and  three  daughters.  His  eldest 
son  David  took  the  name  of  Buchanan 
His  second  son  John  was  a  major  in  the 
H.E.I.C.S.  The  Major's  only  son  William 
James  married  18  Sept.,  1845,  at  Dalchully 
House,  Inverness-shire,  Isabella  Newman 
dau.  of  Henry  Bousfield,  Esq.,  late  surgeon 
Bengal  N.I.  The  Major's  eldest  daughter 
Marion  Elphinstone  Coates  was  marriec 
at  St.  George's,  Bloomsbury,  13  Sept. 


849,     to     Theophilus     Thompson,     eldest 

on  of  Thomas   Thompson,  of    Poundisford 

Park,    Pitminster,    Somerset.     The   Major's 

econd  daughter  Eliza  Ann  died  at  Edinburgh 

unmarried,    30    Nov.,    1862.     Capt.    James 

Snodgrass,  Neil's  third  son,  died  at  Tabriz, 

Persia,  in  October,  1814.     The  date  of  the 

marriage  of  Christina  Snodgrass  to  Lieut. - 

Col.  Reid  was  21  July,  1806. 

2.  So  far  as  I  know,  no  account  has  been 
given  of  the  Snodgrass  family  of  Paisley. 
John  Snodgrass,  Sheriff-Clerk  of  Renfrew- 
shire, died  24  May,  1785.  Hew  Snodgrass, 
W.S.,  died  at  Newton,  near  Paisley,  31  April, 
1807.  Neil  Snodgrass,  late  of  Paisley, 
died  in  Jamaica,  14  May,  1818.  I  suspect 
that  this  was  the  cotton  manufacturer 
of  this  name  who  on  24  July,  1807,  married 
at  Johnstone,  Agnes,  e.dau.  of  Mr.  Robert 
Hodgart,  merchant.  Hew  Snodgrass  of 
Morant  Bay  died  at  Port  Royal,  Jamaica, 
24  Oct.,  1819.  Lieut.  Wm.  Snodgrass, 
Late  of  the  24th  Regiment  of  Foot,  died 
at  Govan,  4  Dec.,  1820.  John  Snodgrass, 
W.S.,  died  at  Paisley,  7  March,  1822. 

The  Rev.  John  Snodgrass,  D.D.,  a  Presby- 
terian minister  of  Paisley,  married  Janet, 
eldest  sister  of  General  Sir  Kenneth  Mac- 
kenzie Douglas  (a  lady  ignored  by  Burke), 
and  died  at  Saltcoats,.  19  June,  1797.  She 
died  at  Eagleton,  Williams'  River,  N.S.W., 
30  July,  1852,  aged  90.  Their  son  Kenneth 
is  the  "leader  of  a  Portuguese  regiment" 
mentioned  at  9  S.  x.  72.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence to  connect  him  with  Gabriel  Snodgrass, 
the  shipbuilder  of  Chatham,  or  with  an  earlier 
Gabriel  Snodgrass  who  was  principal  sur- 
veyor to  the  H.E.I.C.  in  the  middle  of  tho 
eighteenth  century.  Major  Kenneth  Snod- 
grass was  in  command  of  the  1st  Battalion 
of  the  1 3th  Portuguese  Regiment  at  the  siege 
of  San  Sebastian,  and  was  slightly  wounded 
on  17  July,  1813,  when  the  fortified  convent 
of  San  Bartolome  and  an  adjoining  work 
on  a  steep  hill  were  carried  by  assault. 
On  31  Aug.  the  town  itself  was  taken 
after  some  very  hard  fighting.  Sir  Thomas 
Graham  wrote  : — 

"  The  advance  of  the  1st  Batt.  13th  Reg.  under 
Major  Snodgrass,  over  the  open  beach  and  across 

the  river was  made  in  the  handsomest  style  under 

a  very  severe  fire  of  grape.  Major  Snodgrass 
attacked  and  finally  carried  the  small  breach  on  the 
right  of  the  great  one." 

The  Duke  of  Wellington  also  wrote  : — 

"  All  reports  concur  in  praise  of  the  detachment 
from  the  10th  Portuguese  Brigade  under  Major 
Snodgrass,  which  crossed  the  river  Urumea,  and 
stormed  the  breach  on  the  right  under  all  the  fire 
which  could  be  directed  on  them  from  the  castle 
and-town." 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


For  this  he  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel 
and  given  the  command  of  the  1st  Ca9adores 
He  was  slightly  wounded  11  Dec.,  1813 
'and  severely  wounded  in  attacking  the 
heights  above  Orthes.  He  was  made  C.B, 
4  June,  1815,  and  died  on  the  Hunter  River 
N.S.W.,  14  Oct.,  1853. 

His  son  John  was  born  in  Portugal  in 
May,  1815.  He  became  Major  of  the  96th 
Regiment  15  June,  1815.  He  married 
23  Feb.,  1843,  at  St.  Luke's,  Chelsea,  Rachel 
only  dau.  of  his  great-uncle  Sir  K.  M 
Douglas,  and  died  at  the  Curragh,  27  Jan. 
1856.  She  died  15  Jan.,  1877. 

Kenneth  John  Mackenzie  Snodgrass,  son 
of  Peter  Snodgrass,  M.L.A.  of  Melbourne, 
was  probably  related  to  this  family.  He 
became  a  Winchester  Commoner  in  the 
autumn  of  1858.  Is  anything  further 
known  of  him  ?  ^ ...  4  ^  '.J,  J 

3.  John  James  Snodgrass,   captain  91st 
Foot,   received  the   brevet  ranks   of  major 
and   lieutenant-colonel   on    13    Nov.,    1826, 
and  28  Dec.,  1826,  respectively.     He  became 
major  94th  Foot,  3  Aug.,  1830  ;   lieutenant- 
colonel    unattached,    28    June,    1833  ;     and 
D.Q.M.G.  to  the  troops  in  Nova  Scotia  and 
its  dependencies,  12  Sept.,  1834.     He  married 
3  Nov.,    1823,   Maria  Macdonald,   e.dau.  of 
General  Sir  Archibald  Campbell,  Bt.,  G.C.B. 
Their    son    Archibald    Campbell    Snodgrass 
was  born  at  Government  House,  Fredericton, 
New  Brunswick,  in  the  spring  of  1832.     He 
became    captain    38th    Regiment    29    Dec., 
1854,  and  major  17  July,  1855,  having  acted 
as  A.D.C.   to   his  uncle  Major-General   Sir 
John    Campbell,    Bt.,    at    the    unsuccessful 
attack  on  the  Redan,    18  June,    1855.     He 
died  at  Milbank,  near  Southampton,  26  Nov., 
1863.  MJN^ 

4.  Thomas     Snodgrass,     Esq.,     F.R.S., 
formerly  of  the  Madras  Civil  Service,  died 
at  10,  Chesterfield  Street,  Mayfair,  28  Aug., 
1834.     The    Gentleman's    Magazine^Tecords 
that 

"  returning  from  India  many  years  ago  with  a  large 
fortune,  he  fitted  up  a  house  in  Chesterfield-st., 
with  extraordinary  splendour,  but  never  received 
company  in  it  more  than  once.  He  has  left  the  sum 
of  175,000/.  to  the  daughter  of  a  widow  lady  named 
Russell,  residing  in  Beaumont-st.,  Mary-le-bone  : 
entirely  because  her  father  was  kind  to  him  when 
he  first  went  to  India." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Dickens  did  not  require  to  go  beyond 
the  City  of  London  to  come  across  the  name 
of  Snodgrass.  In  the  Seamen's  Hospital, 
Greenwich,  there  is  a  clock  presented  to 
that  society  by  a  Thomas  Snodgrass  who 


was  a  benefactor  and  member  of  committee 
of  the  Hospital.  His  name  is  inscribed 
on  the  clock.  I  understand  he  resided  in 
Chesterfield  Street,  Mayfair,  and  died  about 
1834.  The  Secretary*  of  the  Hospital  wrote 
to  me  some  time  ago,  asking  if  I  could  give 
him  any  information  about  this  Thomas 
Snodgrass  ;  but  I  could  not,  nor  have  I 
been  able  to  trace  any  of  his  connexions. 
If  any  of  your  readers  can  supply  me  with 
information  about  him,  I  shall  be  much 
obliged. 

I  have  in  my  possession  the  last  will  and 
testament  of  a  William  Snodgrass  of  the 
parish  of  Christchurch,  London,  dated 
5  Feb.,  1775,  who  appears  to  have  had  two 
brothers,  James  and  John ;  but  whether 
they  were  relations  of  Thomas  Snodgrass 
or  not  I  do  not  know.  I  should  also  like 
to  have  some  information  about  Gabriel 
Snodgrass,  shipbuilder  of  Chatham,  men- 
tioned in  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  26  July,  1902. 

The  name  Snodgrass  has  been  fairly 
common  in  Renfrewshire  for  four  hundred 
years,  as  the  local  records  show.  The  Ren- 
frewshire Poll  Tax  Roll  of  1695  gives  36 
persons  of  the  name.  An  Adam  Snodgrass 
was  one  of  the  Friars  Preachers  and  a  Baillie 
of  Ayr  in  1372.  '  W.  G.  SNODGRASS. 

Riversdale,  Kilmacolm,  Renfrewshire. 

This  name  had  appeared  in  well-known 
fiction  some  time  before  the  publication  of 
'  Pickwick,'  for  the  Rev.  Charles  Snodgrass 
figures  frequently  in  '  The  Ayrshire  Lega- 
tees,' published  anonymously  in  1821  by- 
John  Gait.  NEL  MEZZO. 

Perhaps  this  name  was,  or  is,  not  so  vastly 
uncommon.  There  was  certainly  a  cadet 
at  the  R.M.  Academy,  Woolwich,  in  1861-2, 
bearing  that  patronymic.  H.  P.  L. 

Exeter's  Finance  Clerk  is  Mr.  Sidney 
Herbert  Snodgrass  ;  and  a  cousin  of  my 
own,  resident  in  Brighton,  bears  the  same 
surname.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 


THE  TREATY  OF  TILSIT:  COLIN  A 
MACKENZIE  (10  S.  viii.  469,  510  ;  ix.  31,  96, 
135,  154,  171,  237).— The  writer  of  a  very 
able  article  in  The  Quarterly  Review  on 
'  Recent  Napoleonic  Literature '  (April, 
1908,  see  p.  425  to  p.  431)  refers  to  the 
British  Agent  at  Tilsit,  and  remarks  that 
the  subject  has  "  called  forth  a  spirited 
;ontroversy  in  Notes  and  Queries"  and  he 
joints  out  that  the  statement  of  Dr.  Rose 
and  of  a  correspondent  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  that 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  4,  im 


Mackenzie  left  Tilsit  or  Memel  on  26  June 
for  Loridon  with  Leveson-Gower's  dispatch 
is  incorrect.  The  writer  in  The  Quarterly 
Review  further  points  out  that  although  the 
correspondent  referred  to  and  Dr.  Rose  differ 
as  to  the  date  of  Mackenzie's  arrival  in 
London,  they  approximately  agree  as  to  the 
date  of  his  departure.  "  We  venture  to 
think,"  says  the  writer,  "  they  are  both 
wrong  as  to  when  he  (Mackenzie)  started." 

He  then  gives  his  reason  for  this  opinion, 
which  I  think  it  is  desirable  to  record  in 
*  N.  &  Q.'  as  completing  the  controversy. 
In  the  *  Stafford  House  Letters,'  edited  by 
Lord  Ronald  Gower,  there  is  a  letter  written 
from  "  Memel  on  July  3rd,  1807,"  by  Lord 
Gower  to  his  mother,  which  concludes  as 
follows  : — 

"  A  Mr.  Mackenzie  who  came  with  Lord  Gran- 
ville  will  take  this.  He  was  to  have  been  with  the 
army  to  send  information  from  thence,  but  as  un- 
fortunately he  can  be  no  longer  useful  he  is  going 
back." 

The  writer  of  the  article  says  that  the  words 
quoted  are  "  the  most  important "  in  the 
letter,  and  he  adds  that : — 

"  From  this  it  seems  that  Dr.  Rose  was  mistaken 
when  he  wrote  that  Mackenzie  left  for  London 
immediately  after  June  25," 

which  was  the  day  on  which  the  Emperors 
met  on  the  raft.  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

DICKENS  AND  THE  LAMPLIGHTER'S  LADDER 
(10  S.  ix.  389,  430,  471).— I  remember  seeing 
a  lamplighter  carrying  the  ladder  to  light 
his  lamps,  in  1882,  at  Burnham  (Somerset). 
He  assured  my  father  that  he  could  do  his 
work  quicker  in  that  way  than  with  the 
torch.  A.  MORLEY  DAVIES. 

Amersham,  Bucks. 

The  rime  quoted  at  the  second  reference 
by  MR.  RATCLIFFE  as  sung  in  the  North 
resembles  to  some  extent  one  which  the 
children  of  country  villages  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight  sing  in  their  counting-out,  games. 
If  it  is  unknown  elsewhere,  it  may  be  worthy 
of  preservation  in  your  pages.  It  runs 
thus  : — 

Keeper,  peeper,  chimney-sweeper, 
Had  a  wife  and  couldn  t  keep  her. 
Had  another,  couldn't  love  her. 
O—U—T  spells  "out." 

Y.  T. 

"  IDLE  "=  MISCHIEVOUS  (10  S.  ix.  350). 
— Had  it  not  always  this  meaning,  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent  ?  "  Idle  "  certainly 
does  not  mean  the  same  as  "  lazy."  One 
is  an  active  quality,  the  others  a  passive. 


There  is  a  well-known  tale  (in  Aikin's 
*  Evenings  at  Home,'  I  think  it  is)  of  an 
idle  boy  and  a  lazy  boy.  The  former  will 
not  do  the  work  set  him,  but  will  do  every- 
thing else  that  comes  to  hand,  good,  bad, 
or  indifferent.  The  latter  simply  does 
nothing.  The  active  mental  condition  of 
the  former  will,  indeed,  inevitably  lead, 
sooner  or  later,  to  some  mischievous  diver- 
sion, unless  the  mind  is  constantly  engaged 
in  more  profitable  employment ;  so  that 
the  terms  may  be  considered  virtually 
synonymous,  or  at  least  inseparable.  This 
sequence  is  well  illustrated  by  Dr.  Watts' s 
well-known  lines  : — 

For  Satan  finds  some  mischief  still 
For  idle  hands  to  do. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 
8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

May  not  Dr.  Watts's  lines  be  accountable 
for  the  difference  ?  URLLAD. 

ARCHBISHOP  SANDS  (10  S.  ix.  289,  357).-— 
Mr.  H.  S.  Cowper,  F.S.A.,  the  historian  of 
Hawkshead,  Lancashire,  writes  : — 

"  And  but  a  few  days  ago  we  found  it  stated  in  a 
new  edition  of  Black's  'Guide'  that  Archbishop 
Sandys  was  born  here.  He  was,  however,  born  at 
Esthwaite  Hall."—'  Hawkshead,  its  History,'  &c., 
1899,  p.  23,  foot-note. 

Hawkshead  Hall  and  Esthwaite  Hall  are 
quite  a  mile  apart.  This  is  mentioned  lest 
the  former  be  taken  as,  say,  the  centre  of 
a  village,  which  it  is  not.  S.  L.  PETTY. 

In  the  north  transept  of  Southwell 
Minster  is  an  alabaster  effigy  of  Edwin 
Sandys,  Archbishop  of  York.  The  effigy 
is  of  interest  as  it  represents  the  Archbishop 
vested  in  alb  and  chasuble,  although  the 
date  of  his  death  is  July,  1588,  thirty  years 
after  Queen  Elizabeth's  accession.  Not- 
tinghamshire, in  which  Southwell  is  situated, 
formed  part  of  the  diocese  of  York  from  the 
seventh  century  to  1840  ('  Southwell  Minster,' 
pamphlet,  6  pp.,  Chesterfield :  Edmunds, 
reprint  from  Derbyshire  Times  of  12  Jan./ 
1884). 

About  twenty  years  since,  when  I  visited 
Southwell  Minster,  the  effigy  was  in  the 
position  above  described. 

H.  T.  POLLARD. 

"HER's"  (10  S.  ix.  406).— I  have  re- 
marked with  surprise  that  in  *  The  Pocket 
Service-Book,'  printed  at  the  University 
Press,  Oxford,  "  her's "  is  so  rendered 
in  the  Lectionary  (see  Job  xxxix.  16),  and 
that  "  your's "  disfigures  many  a  page : 
we  have,  e.g.,  "  my  spirit  and  your's " 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


(1  Cor.  xv,i.  18)  and  "not  your's,  but  you" 
(2  Cor.  xii.  14). 

In  *  The  Book  of  Lessons,'  which  is  due 
to  the  Cambridge  University  Press,  the 
blunder  is  not  made,  for  blunder  I  take 
it  to  be,  having  been  nourished  in  that  belief; 
but  I  find  that  people  of  education  often 
write  "  Your's  truly  "  or  "  Sincerely  your's," 
and  so,  to  my  thinking,  spoil  a  creditable 
letter.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

DUNGHILL  PROVERB  (10  S.  ix.  227,  413)' 
— Some  twenty-seven  years  ago  dunghills 
were  commonly  to  be  seen  in  front  of  the 
houses  in  the  streets  of  the  villages  round 
Morat  in  Switzerland.  At  times  they  were 
neatly,  almost  artistically  arranged,  and 
my  impression  is  that  a  plaitwork  of  braided 
straw  formed  a  border  to  them  in  such  cases  ; 
but  frequently  they  were  mere  "  muck- 
heaps." 

In  the  kingdom  of  Wurttemberg  I  also 
observed  dunghills  before  the  doors  in 
parishes  near  Tubingen. 

Probably  most  English  villages  were  in 
a  similar  condition  early  in  the  nineteenth 
century.  A  lady  who  was  born  in  1823 
once  told  me  that  dunghills  used  to  lie  "  all 
along  the  way"  through  a  certain  village 
when  she  first  remembered  it.  But  she 
did  not  speak  of  the  place  as  in  any  way 
exceptional ;  others  were  as  bad.  M.  P. 

With  reference  to  the  saying,  "  Where 
there's  muck  there's  money,"  "  muck " 
does  not,  of  necessity,  mean  manure.  So 
long  as  I  can  remember,  it  has  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire  generally  meant  dirt. 

The  expression  is  often  used  as  a  sort  of 
philosophical  retort  in  Sheffield,  when  atten- 
tion is  drawn,  by  a  visitor,  to  a  particularly 
dirty-looking  manufactory — where  "  spoon- 
buffing  "  is  carried  on,  for  instance.  "  What 
a  dreadful  place  !  "  the  stranger  may  ob- 
serve. Such  a  remark  meets  with  an  instant 
response,  which,  rendered  in  the  recognized 
dialect  of  the  district,  reads  :  "  Ah,  my  lad, 
but  tha'  knows  where  there  's  muck  there 's 
money ! "  This,  of  course,  implies  that 
although  the  particular  trade  may  be  a 
dirty  one,  it  is  a  money-making  one. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

W.  HEATH,  ARTIST  (10  S.  ix.  385,  473).— 
I  am  glad  to  see  MR.  HERBERT  CLAYTON'S 
note  about  the  Heaths,  a  family  of  artists. 
I  only  wish  he  could  have  given  a  few  more 
details  and  dates. 

If  what  he  says  is  correct  that  most  of 
the  early  artists  were  etchers,  then  I  can 


only  say  that  they  were  very  inferior  etchers, 
spoiling  all  the  fine  work  of  the  paper  drawing 
by  their  inexpert  and  clumsy  etching. 
This  I  judge  by  the  print  would  not  only 
be  from  the  biting  in,*  but  the  want  of  skill 
in  drawing  on  the  metal,  which  before  1840 
was  always  copper.  After  about  that  date 
or  1850  it  was  nearly  always  zinc.  I  am 
referring  to  the  prints  for  the  juvenile 
drama. 

There  is  no  doubt,  I  believe,  that  when 
wood  engraving  came  in  the  artists  did  not 
engrave  the  drawings  they  made  on  the 
wood.  Is  there  a  book  in  which  these 
matters  are  discussed  ?  Jameson  published 
hundreds  of  juvenile  theatre  prints,  and  on 
some  the  names  of  artist  and  etcher  are 
stated.  I  will  quote  the  following  inscrip- 
tion on  one  in  full,  as  it  has  other  interest : 

"Theatrical  characters  N°  3.— Mr.  Laurent  as 
Rolla  in  the  celebrated  spectacle  of  Cora,  as  per- 
formed at  The  Royal  Circus.  Founded  on  the  first 
part  of  Kotzebueys  .Death  of  Rolla,  recently  per- 
formed under  the  title  of  Pizarro,  published  by 
J.  H.  Jameson,  13,  Dukes  Court,  Bow  Street, 
Covent  Garden." 

There  is  no  date,  but  the  water-mark  is 
1810.  It  is  drawn  by  J.  F.  Roberts,  and 
etched  by  C.  Tomkins. 

At  the  Truman  sale  of  prints  at  Sotheby's 
Mr.  Sabin  bought  for  stock  about  twenty  of 
Jameson's  theatrical  portraits  for  eleven 
guineas  ;  they  had  notes  by  George  Cruik- 
shank  stating  whether  or  no  he  was  the 
artist.  RALPH  THOMAS. 

"MAKING BUTTONS  "  (10  S.  ix.  467).— This 
phrase  occurs  in  Middlemen's  '  The  Spanish 
Gipsy'  (Act  IV.  sc.  iii.),  where  Sancho 
exclaims,  "  O  Soto,  I  make  buttons  ! ' ' 
meaning,  apparently,  "  I  am  in  a  dreadful 
funk."  Halliwell,  in  his  'Dictionary  of 
Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,'  quotes 
from  Florio,  ed.  1611,  pp.  209,  276,  his 
tail  makes  buttons,  i.e.,  he  is  in  great  fear. 

BLADUD. 

"  GUIDE,"  ITS  DERIVATION  (10  S.  ix.  171, 
494). — Surely  we  are  entitled  to  some  better 
explanation  of  guide  than  the  statement 
that  it  is  from  the  "  German  weisen,  to- 
show."  How  did  the  German  s  pass  into 
d?  The  'H.E.D.'  (or  'N.E.D.')  gives 
the  correct  solution.  The  E.  guide  is  merely 
borrowed  from  the  French  guider ;  and 
the  French  guider  begins  with  a  gu,  which 
regularly  represents  a  Teutonic  w.  Guider 
represents  a  derivative  from  a  Teutonic 
base  wit-,  which  is  preserved  with  sufficient 
clearness  in  the  Old  Saxon  verb  witan,  to 
pay  heed  to.  The  idea  of  "  seeing  to " 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  *,  im 


led  to  that  of  "to  watch  over,  to  direct, 
to  guide."  The  Middle-English  witen  had 
a  similar  sense,  as  in  the  Ancren  Riwle, 
p.  14 :  "  The  vif  wittes,  thet  witeth  the 
heorte  alse  wakemeii,"  the  five  senses, 
which  watch  over  the  heart  like  watchmen. 

The  allusion  to  the  German  weisen  must, 
of  course,  be  taken  to  mean  that  this  German 
word  is  a  more  deflected  form,  ultimately 
deducible  from  the  same  Indo-Germanic 
root  *weid. 

The  question  asked  at  p.  171  was  quite 
different,  viz.,  Is  the  E.  guide  derived  from 
a  word  spelt  akid,  presumably  Arabic,  as 
is  calmly  asserted  in  a  translation  of  the 
Moallakat  ?  Of  course  not  ;  but  you  can 
never  cure  an  Englishman  who  is  staggered 
by  an  accidental  resemblance  between  an 
English  and  Eastern  word  of  rushing,  blindly 
enough,  to  a  rash  conclusion. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

HOVE  (10  S.  ix.  450). — Hove  is  a  parish 
of  equal  antiquity  with  Brighton,  being 
mentioned  in  Domesday  Book  as  Hov, 
and  deriving  from  a  Saxon  word  meaning 
"  low-lying."  The  name  Cliftonville  was 
coined  by  the  builders  in  the  fifties  for  a 
few  new  streets  to  the  east  of  the  old  village 
of  Hove,  but  well  within  the  parish  boun- 
daries. So  to  talk  about  "  the  Cliftonville 
end  of  Brighton  being  called  Hove "  is 
absurd.  The  old  name  disappeared  for 
all  but  parochial  purposes  from  the  fifties 
to  the  eighties,  West  Brighton  coming  into 
favour,  but  was  restored  when  incorporation 
came,  the  Post  Office  and  railway  company 
joining  hands  with  the  municipality  to  give 
the  new  borough  a  separate  existence  from 
Brighton  in  name  as  well  as  fact.  I  thought 
and  hoped  the  objectionable  Cliftonville 
was  obsolete.  PEKCEVAL  LUCAS. 

A.  C.  T.  asks  for  "  information  as  to  how 
the  Cliftonville  end  of  Brighton  came  to  be 
called  Hove."  A  more  pertinent  inquiry 
would  have  been  how  a  portion  of  the  parish 
of  Hove  came  to  be  called  Cliftonville. 
Hove  was  a  manor  at  the  time  of  the  Con- 
quest, and  has  been  a  parish,  at  any  rate, 
since  the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
and  probably  before,  whereas  Cliftonville 
is  a  modern  monstrosity  in  nomenclature. 
If  what  A.  C.  T.  wants  is  an  account  of  the 
origin  of  the  modern  borough  of  Hove, 
perhaps  the  following  facts  may  be  of 
service  to  him.  In  1830  the  east  portion 
of  the  parish  of  Hove,  adjoining  Brighton, 
having  been  built  over,  was  placed  under  the 
government  of  a  new  body  called  "  The 


Brunswick  Square  and  Terrace  Commis- 
sioners." In  1858  Hove  village,  having 
begun  to  grow,  was  placed  under  a  body 
called  "  The  West  Hove  Commissioners." 
In  1874  the  two  bodies  were  amalgamated 
to  form  "  The  Hove  Commissioners."  Their 
jurisdiction  was  extended  to  the  adjoining 
parish  of  Aldrington  26  Sept.,  1893.  In 
1894  the  Commissioners  were  abolished 
and  an  Urban  District  Council  formed. 
The  town  continued  to  be  governed  under 
the  Local  Government  Board  till  1898,  when 
it  was  incorporated  by  Royal  Charter  dated 
8  August,  and  is  now  governed  by  a  mayor, 
ten  aldermen,  and  thirty  councillors.  The 
population  of  the  borough  of  Hove  in  1904 
was  39,305.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

This  place  derives  its  name  from  the  fact 
of  its  having  first  constituted  the  endowment 
of  Hova  Ecclesia  and  Hova  Villa,  two 
prebends  in  the  cathedral  church  of  Chiches- 
ter.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

MAGHULL  YATES  (10  S.  ix.  469).— It  is 
not  improbable  that  the  Stipendiary  Magis- 
trate for  the  Manchester  County  Division, 
J.  M.  Yates,  Esq.,  K.C.,  might  be  able  to 
supply  ALTER  EGO  with  the  information 
he  seeks.  MISTLETOE. 

HUNGARIAN  GRAMMAR  (10  S.  ix.  489).— 
In  addition  to  Singer's  '  Grammar  '  (Triibner, 
1882),  the  '  Ungarische  Sprachlehre '  in  the 
"  Gyakorlati  Beszelgetesekkel "  series  of 
Rozsnyai  Karoly  of  Budapest,  Muzeum- 
koriit  15,  might  be  found  useful.  It  costs 
60  filler.  M. 

The  best  is  still  Csink's.  It  has  long  been 
out  of  print,  but  any  capable  second-hand 
bookseller  should  be  able  to  procure  a  copy.  ^ 

j£L.  L.  K.  J 

"  ANGEL"  OF  AN  INN  (10  S.  ix.  488).— -Is 
it  not  possible  that  either  of  the  two  following 
explanations  will  meet  the  query  ?  The 
room  may  have  been  the  second  floor, 
outside  of  which  the  sign  of  an  angel  was 
suspended,  or  it  may  have  been  one  in  which 
there  was  an  open  bed  without  bedposts, 
known  as  an  "  angel-bed." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

Was  not  this  a  common  name  for  one 
of  the  reception-rooms  in  inns  in  olden  days  ? 
So  Hostess  Quickly  speaks  of  her  "  Dolphin- 
chamber,"  and  Cherry,  in  the  'Beaux  Strata- 
gem,' cries  :  "  Chamberlain,  shew  the  Lyon 
and  the  Rose."  It  would  be  interesting 
to  know  whether  all  such  rooms  were  called 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


after  existing  taverns,   or  whether  taverns 
subsequently    took    their    names    from    th< 
rooms.  BLADUD. 

If  MR,  E.  V.  LUCAS  will  head  the  "  angel ' 
with  a  capital  I  think  he  will  agree  with 
me  that  this  was  the  name  of  one  of  the 
sitting-rooms  at  "  Holly-Tree  Inn."  I  re- 
member being  at  inns  where  the  rooms 
were  called  after  county  families.  Ai 
Stratford-upon-Avon  you  may  sleep  in 
""  As  You  Like  It  "  or  have  "The  Midsummer 
Night's  Dream."  ST.  S WITHIN. 

[We  notice  that  "the  Angel"  is  so  printed,  with 
.a  capital  letter,  in  the  "National  Edition"  o* 
Dickens.] 

"STYMIE"  AT  GOLF  (10  S.  ix.  370,  414 
492). — It  is  not  the  dissyllable  "  stymie  " 
but  "  styme,"  which  is  a.  monosyllabic 
-word,  that  Jamieson  defines  as  "  a  particle," 
"  a  glimpse,"  and  so  forth.  What  he  says 
•of  the  term  is  fully  substantiated  by  apposite 
illustrations  from  standard  works,  and  it 
•accords  with  the  Scottish  practice  of  the 
present  day.  We  all  know  what  it  is  not 
to  be  able  to  see  a  styme,  but  it  is  only  those 
of  us  who  are  golfers  that  understand  what 
is  denoted  by  a  stymie.  Burns  thus  cha- 
racteristically illustrates  the  familiar  word 
in  the  closing  stanza  of  his  *  Epistle  to 
John  Goldie  in  Kilmarnock  '  : — 

I  've  seen  me  daez't  upon  a  time, 

I  scarce  could  wink  or  see  a  styme  ; 

Just  ae  hauf-mutchkin  does  me  prime 
(Ought  less  is  little), 

Then  back  I  rattle  on  the  rhyme, 

As  gleg 's  a  whittle. 

Ebenezer    Picken,    a    native    of    Paisley, 
in    his     'Miscellaneous     Poems'     of     1813, 
seems  to  use  the  term  in  the  sense  of  "  a 
moment."     Describing  in  '  The  Visit  ;    or, 
Crispin  in  the  Dumps,'  the  literary  adven- 
tures of  a  shoemaker,  he  writes  : — 
Weel,  to  flame  as  an  Author  our  Snab  was  sae  bent, 
He  ne'er  blirm'd  a  styme  till  he  gat  it  in  prent ; 
that  is,   he  ceased  not  for  a  moment,   or, 
perhaps,  he  never  hesitated  in  the  slightest 
degree.     The   word   seems   to   be   a   direct 
relative  of  A.-S.  stima,  a  gleam,  brightness. 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

FINNIS  STREET  (10  S.  ix.  486). — Col. 
Finnis  was  killed  during  the  office  of  his 
brother,  Alderman  Thos.  Quested  Finnis, 
as  Lord  Mayor  of  London.  A  memorial 
tablet  to  the  colonel  was  placed  in  the 
church  of  St.  Dunstan's-in-the-East : 

"  By  the  inhabitants  of  this  Parish  as  a  testimony 
to  the  worth  of  a  brave  Soldier  and  a  sincere 
Christian,  as  a  token  of  sympathy  with  his  bereaved 


family,  and  a  mark  of  respect  and  regard  for  his 
only  surviving  brother,  the  Right  Hon.  Thomas 
Quested  Finnis,  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London 
in  the  year  1857  and  Alderman  of  the  Ward  of 
Tower/ 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 
Sandgate. 

APPLES  :  THEIR  NAMES  (10  S.  viii.  429  ; 
ix.  297,  314,  495).— In  the  Appendix  to 
the  Forty-Third  Report  of  the  Deputy- 
Keeper  of  Public  Records,  issued  in  1882, 
there  is  a  list  of  seventeen  sorts  of  English 
apples  which  had  been  sent  as  being  the 
best  to  Marshal  Wrangel  in  Sweden  in  the 
year  1663.  This  list  I  met  with  amongst  the 
correspondence  of  the  marshal  of  the  castle 
of  Skokloster,  when  examining  the  MSS. 
there  preserved  in  1881.  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

PROVERB  ON  BEATING  (10  S.  ix.  170,  298). 
— '  The  Woman,  Spaniel,  and  Walnut  Tree  ' 
has  such  a  vogue  that  it  is  well  to  point 
out  that  John  Taylor,  the  "  Water-Poet," 
should  have  been  quoted  as  the  author 
in  the  dictionary  referred  to  in  the  editorial 
note.  Another  far  earlier  song  runs  : — 

Ther  wer  3  wold  be  betyn,  3  wold  be  betyn  ther 

wer, — 
A  myll,  a  stoke  fysche,  and  a  woman. 

H.  P.  L. 

UNTHANK  (10  S.  ix.  351,492). — DR.  MILNE, 
who  mentions  a  solitary  instance  of  this 
name  in  Moray,  suggests  that  it  may  apply 
to  "  some  far-removed  place  "  (presumably 
a  mountain,  or  some  cliffs  by  the  sea)  where 
newly  weaned  lambs  would  be  out  of  the 

learing  of  their  mothers.  The  only  instance 
I  have  heard  of  is  in  Norwich,  where  there 

s  an  Unthanks  Road,  leading,  I  presume, 
to  some  place  of  this  name.  This,  I  think, 
would  hardly  correspond  to  Dr.  Milne's 
description,  as  Norfolk  is  notoriously  the 

lattest  county  in  England,  and  Norwich 
"s  near  its  centre,  and  a  considerable  distance 

rom  the  sea.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

There  are  "  Unthanks  "  at  Intwood  Hall, 
Norwich,  still,  and  an  Unthank  Road  in 
Norwich.  Hie  ET  UBIQUE. 

I   remember    coming   into    contact   with 

ome  people  of  this  name  in  Newcastle-upon- 

Tyne  some  fifty  years   ago.     Last  Trinity 

unday  the  Bishop  of  Ripon  ordained  the 

Rev.  R.  A.  Unthank,  and  licensed  him  to 

he  curacy  of  Carleton-in- Craven,  Skipton. 

suppose    the    name    is    not    uncommon. 

According     to     Mr.     Bardsley     ('  Diet,     of 

English  and  Welsh  Surnames ' )  there  is  one 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  JULY  4,  iw. 


township  in  Cumberland  and  another  in 
Northumberland  which  may  have  been 
the  source  of  Unthank  and  Onthank  families. 
In  this  he  follows  Lower  ('  Patronymica 
Britannica').  .  .  ST.  SWITHIN. 

CLERGY  IN  WIGS  (10  S.  viii.  149,  214  ; 
ix.  497).— In  T.  P.'s  Weekly  of  19  June, 
1908,  review  of  '  One  City  and  Many  Men,' 
Sir  Algernon  West  states 

"  that  in  the  early  days  of  Her  Majesty's  reign  peers 
drove  down  to  the  House  of  Lords  in  full  dress, 
with  their  orders  and  ribbons,  and  bishops  wore 
episcopal  wigs,  Bishop  Blomfield,  who  died  in  1857, 
being  the  last  to  do  so." 

At  the  reference  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  last  given 
Lady  Dorothy  Nevill  says  that  "  Bishops 
Bagot  and  Blomfield  had  been  the  first 
to  lay  aside  "  their  wigs. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 
Sandgate. 

Is  Lady  Dorothy  right  ?  J.  T.  quotes 
her  on  "Bishop  Monk"  as  wearing  his 
wig  in  1848.  Mr.  Monk,  M.P.,  told  me 
his  father  was  the  last  bishop  to  wear  the 
wig,  but  named  a  date  in  the  reign  of 
William  IV.  D. 

AUTHORS  or  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
ix.  328,  393,  455).— The  march  for  'I'm 
Ninety-Five '  was  written  by  Mr.  Miller, 
bandmaster  of  the  1st  battalion  Rifle 
Brigade,  at  Malta  in  1842.  It  was  used 
on  the  line  of  march  in  the  Kaffir  war  of 
1846  and  1851,  and  at  Fort  Beaufort  in 
1852  was  adopted  as  the  regimental  quick- 
step, which  before  was  the  march  from  '  Der 
Freischutyz.'  H.M.  Queen  Victoria  approved 
of  it  in  1856,  and  fourteen  years  later  it 
was  adopted  by  the  95th  Foot. 

H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 
(late  Rifle  Brigade). 

The  four  lines  at  10  S.  ix.  488,  beginning 
Non  ego  me  methodo  astringam  serviliter  ulla, 
are,    as   was    suggested,    by    Cowley.     The 
reference  is  *  Plantarum '  lib.  i.  29.     Hybleae 
in  the  second  line  of  the  quotation  shoulc 
be  Hyblaeae.     The  phrase  "  generandi  gloria 
mellis "    is    borrowed   from    1.    205    of    the 
fourth  Georgic.     In  the  English  translation 
of  Cowley' s   '  Six  Books  df  Plants,'   by  N. 
Tate,  Mrs.  A.  Behn,  and  others,  the  present 
passage  is  thus  rendered  by  J.  O.  :— 
,  My  self  to  slavish  Method  I  '11  not  tye, 

But,  like  the  Bee,  where-e'er  I  please,  will  flie  ; 
'  Where  I  the  glorious  hopes  of  Honey  see, 
Or  the  free  Wing  of  Fancy  carries  me. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
University  College,  Aberystwyth. 


VICTORIAN  COIN  (10  S.  ix.  209,  497).— 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whether 
the  Deputy-Master  of  the  Mint  was  called 
to  account  for  omitting  the  usual  F.D.  from 
the  coinage,  thereby  obtruding  his  own. 
private  views  as  a  Roman  Catholic  in  his- 
capacity  of  public  official.  J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 

This  coin  appears  to  be  a  50-cent.  piece- 
of  Canada.  It  is  very  common,  and  down 
to  the  year  1901  there  had  been  struck 
1,408,036  pieces.  The  first  year  of  issue- 
was  1870.  Of  late  years  it  has  been  manu- 
factured at  Heat  on' s  Mint,  Birmingham 
(for  the  Government),  and  then  a  small  H 
appears  on  the  reverse  die  under  the  ribbon, 
which  joins  the  two  maple  branches. 

ARTHUR  W.  WATERS. 

Leamington  Spa. 

CARICATURE  :  *  ONCE  I  WAS  ALIVE  ' 
10  S.  ix.  427).— Mr.  Dobell,  of  Charing  Cross- 
[load,  has  a  copy  of  this,  upon  which  ha& 
Deen  written  in  pencil,  "  Mr.  Baskerville." 
This  name  can,  I  think,  be  made  out  of  the- 
.etters  forming  the  monogram. 

G.  THORN-DRURY. 

MURDER  AT  WINNATS  (10  S.  ix.  449). — 
Rhodes's  '  Peak  Scenery,'  1824,  says  of  the- 
victims,  "  They  were  strangers  in  the  coun- 
try, and  circumstances  induced  the  sup- 
position that  they  were  on  a  matrimonial 
excursion  to  the  north."  This  writer, 
however,  regards  the  whole  story  as  apocry- 
phal. Croston's  '  On  Foot  through  the- 
Peak,'  1868,  says  :— 

"Who  the  victims  were,  and  whence  they  came,. 

has  never  been  satisfactorily  established Peak 

Forest,  distant  about  three  miles  from  the  scene  of 
the  murder,  was  extra-parochial  at  the  period,  and 
was  used  as  a  Gretna  Green." 

The  fullest  reference  to  this  event  is  pro- 
bably to  be  found  in  '  Tales  and  Traditions 
of  the  High  Peak,'  by  William  Wood  (no 
date,  but  published  1862),  where  'Allan 
and  Clara  ;  or,  the  Murder  in  the  Winnats,' 
occupies  twenty-four  octavo  pages.  From 
this  the  following  summary  is  taken :  in 
April,  1758,  the  two  fugitives  appeared 
at  "  The  Royal  Oak  Inn,"  Stoney  Middleton, 
and  left  the  next  morning  on  horseback, 
asking  the  way  to  Castleton,  en  route  for 
Peak  Forest,  here  stated  as  eight  miles 
distant.  The  murder  took  place  in  a  barn, 
into  which  the  victims  had  been  forced, 
and  booty,  200Z.  in  money,  with  other  valua- 
ables  was  secured  by  the  five  murderers, 
four  of  whom  afterwards  died  by  accident 
or  suicide,  the  fifth  making  a  confession 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 1908.J        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


on  his  deathbed.  Wood  insists  that  ample 
corroboration  of  the  truth  of  the  legend 
•existed,  and  says  that  no  inquiry  was  ever 
made  after  the  two  unfortunate  lovers.  His 
ipsa  verba  as  to  their  identity  are, 

"  who  the  victims  were,  and  whence  they  came,  is 
not  satisfactorily  known  :  Clara  was  supposed  to 
be  an  English  nobleman's  daughter,  and  Allan,  a 
^gentleman  from  the  south  of  England." 

W.  B.  H. 

In  '  The  Ballads  and  Songs  of  Derbyshire  ' 
((Derby,  Bemrose  &  Sons,  1867),  byLlewellynn 
.Jewitt,  is  '  Henry  and  Clara,'  a  Peak  ballad 
•on  the  murder  at  Winnats.  The  couple 
were  returning  from  their  marriage  at  the 
chapel  of  Peak  Forest,  a  runaway  marriage 
in  1758  or  1768.  They  were  on  horseback, 
and  fell  benighted  on  reaching  "  The 
Winnats."  Five  miners  set  upon  them, 
•dragged  them  into  a  barn,  and  robbed  and 
murdered  them.  What  the  murderers  did  with 
the  bodies  is  not  stated  ;  their  horses  were 
found  wandering  later  on,  and  were  taken 
to  Chatsworth  Park,  and  ran  there  as  waifs  ; 
nor  were  they  ever  claimed.  It  is  said  that 
-the  saddles  are  still  preserved  at  Chats- 
worth.  The  ballad  '  Henry  and  Clara ' 
-was  written  by  the  Rev.  Arthur  George 
Jewitt,  brother  of  the  compiler  of  '  Derby- 
shire Ballads.'  It  begins, 

Christians,  to  my  tragic  ditty 
Deign  to  lend  a  patient  ear  ; 

If  your  breasts  e'er  heav'd  with  pity 
Now  prepare  to  shed  a  tear. 

It  is  written  in  the  dear  old  style,  and  runs 
to  thirty  verses.  It  was  first  printed  in  the 
-author's  '  Wanderings  of  Memory,'  1815, 
and  at  the  time,  I  believe,  when  the  Jewitt 
family  resided  at  Dumeld,  near  Derby. 
It  was  by  no  means  an  uncommon  thing 
ior  a  ballad-monger  to  come  to  the  villages, 
with  a  sheaf  of  ditties  over  his  arm,  and  sing 
or  recite  local  pieces  told  in  simple  verse. 
I  am  not  sure,  but  think  that  '  Henry  and 
•Clara '  was  dealt  with  in  the  *  Notes  and 
•Queries '  columns  of  The  Derbyshire  Times 
upwards  of  thirty  years  ago.  I  do  not 
think  that  the  full  names  of  the  murdered 
•couple  were  then  given. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Work  sop. 

HOLY  GRAIL  (10  S.  ix.  465). — I  think  that 
1  must  have  left  a  few  words  out  of  my 
communication  on  this  sub j  ect.  The  legends 
•concerning  the  Holy  Grail  vary,  and  I  should 
have  written :  "  According  to  one  legend 
it  (the  Holy  Grail)  was  made  from  a  diar 
mond,"  &c.  Tennyson  follows  that  legend 
which  makes  the  Grail  the  cup  from  which 


the  Saviour  drank  at  the  Last  Supper. 
But  the  vessel  which  received  the  Saviour's 
blood  probably  would  be  something  different 
from  a  cup.  The  Grail  was  said  also  to  be 
a  dish  which  was  used  at  the  Last  Supper, 
and  afterwards  received  the  blood  at  the 
Cross.  But  I  do  not  know  that  this  fits 
much  better  with  the  description  of  its 
splendid  appearance  and  many  miraculous 
qualities.  The  diamond,  or  emerald,  that 
fell  from  the  crown  of  Satan,  fashioned  by 
angels  into  the  vessel  which  received  the 
Holy  Blood,  would  make  the  best  Grail. 
Satan,  when  he  was  contending  with  an 
archangel,  would  be  of  enormous  size. 
"  His  stature  reached  the  sky,"  as  Milton 
said  of  him.  And  the  diamond,  or  emerald, 
would  be  correspondingly  large. 

E.  YABDLEY. 

The  etymology  is  fully  discussed,  in  fact  at 
great  length,  in  my  Preface  to  '  Joseph  of 
Arimathie,'  published  for  the  Early  English 
Text  Society,  and  it  is  given  briefly  in  my 
*  Concise  Etymological  Dictionary.'  It  is 
from  the  O.Fr.  greal,  representing  the  Late 
Latin  gradate.  The  latter  is  a  "  voiced " 
form  of  *cratale,  a  derivative  of  crater,  a 
bowl.  See  Diez  and  others. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

LATIN  LINES  ON  SLEEP  (10  S.  ix.  390). — 
The  English  version  of  these  lines  is  given 
in  a  slightly  different  form  from  that  quoted 
by  C.  K.  in  Beeton's  '  Great  Book  of  Poetry,' 
where  it  is  attributed  to  Dr.  Wolcot.  Bee- 
ton's  collection  has,  of  course,  no  critical 
value,  but  it  may  be  worth  while  to  quote 
the  lines  as  there  given  : — 

Come,  gentle  sleep  !  attend  thy  votary's  prayer, 
And,  though  death's  image,  to  my  couch  repair  ; 
How  sweet,  though  lifeless,  yet  with  life  to  lie, 
And,  without  dying,  0  how  sweet  to  die  ! 

C.  C.  B. 

I  have  these  lines  written  in  a  common- 
place book,  with  a  note  that  they  were  a 
composition  of  Thomas  Warton  to  be  placed 
under  a  statue  of  Somnus  in  the  garden  of 
Harris  the  philologist,  and  had  been  trans- 
lated by  Peter  Pindar.  The  source  of  this 
information  is  not  given ;  possibly  it  is 
Wolcot' s  version  that  is  quoted  by  your 
correspondent.  R.  L.  MORETON. 

ST.  MARY'S  ABBEY,  YORK  (10  S.  ix. 
38%  496).— We  are  much  indebted  to  MR. 
MAeMiCHAEL  for  his  note  on  the  earlier 
or  monastic  use  of  the  terms  "  prebend," 
"  prebendary,"  &c.,  which  I  had  overlooked 
{p.  388).  We  may  refer  to  Ducange  as  well 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  4, 


as  to  Smith's  *  Diet.  Christ.  Antiq.'  This 
earlier  use  is  not  mentioned  in  the  'H.E.D.,' 
but  I  have  made  a  note  of  it  for  the  supple- 
ment, and  am  glad  to  know  what  my  old 
friend  Canon  Raine  meant. 
Durham. 


J.  T.  F. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &O. 

The.  Scots  Peerage.     Edited  by  Sir  James  Balfour 

Paul.  Vol.  V.  (Edinburgh,  David  Douglas.) 
THE  Scots  Peerage  has  broken  the  back  of  the 
heavy  task  on  which  it  started  four  years  ago,  for 
the  fifth  volume,  starting  with  Lord  Innermeath, 
takes  us  down  to  the  amazing  tangle  of  the  Earldom  of 
Mar.  It  treats  of  thirty-one  different  peerages  and 
twenty-one  families,  namely  Boyd,  Campbell  (Irvine 
and  London),  Erskine  (Kellie  and  Mar),  Falconer, 
Gordon  (Ken  mure),  Hay,  Ingram,  Keith,  Ker 
(Jedburgh  and  Lothian),  Kinnaird,  Lennox,  Leslie 
(Leven  and  Lindores),  Livingston  (Kilsyth  and 
Linlithgow),  Lyle,  Macdonald,  Macdonell,  Mac- 
lellan,  Maitland,  Morgan-Grenville,  Seton,  and 
Stewart  (Innermeath,  Lennox  and  Mar).  The  work 
has  been  done  by  fifteen  different  authors,  the 
editor  himself  supplying  six  of  the  articles.  The 
co-operative  method  is  the  only  practicable  one  in 
dealing  quickly  with  genealogical  work  on  such  a 
scale,  and  yet  it  is  full  of  difficulties.  Except 
under  the  eye  of  a  dominant  editor,  such  a  book  is 
apt  to  differ  in  scope  and  texture.  On  the  other 
hand,  that  dominance  may  banish  the  personal 
touch  which  makes  G.  E.  C.  a  delight  ;  and  it  is, 
moreover,  apt  to  create  disaffection,  for  the  family 
historian  tends  to  become  so  obsessed  as  to  permit 
no  meddling  with  his  method.  Sir  James  Balfour 
Paul  is  not  a  hard  taskmaster,  but  we  believe  it  is 
an  open  secret  that  even  he  has  had  to  jettison  some 
of  the  contributions  ;  and  he  might  with  advantage 
have  insisted  on  greater  uniformity  in  those 
published.  It  is  not  only  that  different  writers 
have  a  different  method,  but  the  same  writer  some- 
times varies.  For  example,  Mr.  A.  Francis  Steuart 
in  treating  Steuart,  Duke  of  Lennox,  gives  as  many 
as  twelve  reference  notes  to  a  page,  whereas  Mr. 
F.  J.  Grant  describes  Lennox,  Duke  of  Lennox, 
without  a  single  reference.  Again  Mr.  Grant  says 
that  Lord  Alexander  Gordon-Lennox  "  had  issue  " 
without  stating  that  issue  as  Mr.  Cosmo  Gordon- 
Lennox,  the  well-known  player  and  playwright,  who 
married  Miss  Marie  Tempest.  On  the  other  hand, 
he  works  out  the  descendants  of  George  Lindsay 
(1691-1764)  through  the  female  line  to  a  great-great- 
great  grandson  named  Rudd,  born  as  recently  as 
July  13,  1906,  although  he  .does  not  give  the  issue  of 
Lady  Muriel  Watkins,  the  daughter  of  the  present 
Lord  Lindsay.  Some  of  the  descents  are  not  a  bit 
more  illuminative  than  those  given  in  Burke.  For 
example  Mr.  Grant  might  at  least  have  taken  the 
trouble  to  refer  to  the  '  D.N.B.'  for  that  remarkable 
young  man  the  Hon.  Ion  Keith-Falconer  (1856-87), 
who  was  not  only  an  Arabic  scholar  of  note,  but  the 
writer  on  shorthand  in  the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britan- 
nica,'  and  the  first  to  cycle  from  John  o'  Groats  to 
Land's  End.  Precisely  the  same  thing  occurs  with 
living  people.  The  annual  peerages  are  very 
inhuman  in  this  respect,  chronicling  only  dull 
official  facts.  The  '  Scots  Peerage  '  gets  ahead  of 


Burke  by  telling  us  that  Lord  Kinnaird  is  a  banker, 
but  it  might  have  given  a  line  to  his  great  interest 
in  football;  and  under  Kinnoull  it  would  be 
interesting  to  state  that  Mr.  Claude  Hay  is  a  stock 
broker  as  well  as  M.P.  ;  even  our  little  friend 
Whitaker  goes  that  length.  The  omission  cannot 
be  on  the  ground  that  trade  is  inadmissible,  for  in 
the  same  article  we  learn  that  Charles,  son  of  the 
second  Earl  of  Kinnoull  had  a  monopoly  for  the 
manufacture  of  glass. 

Among  the  most  satisfying  articles  in  this  volume 
are  Mr.  Macmath's  accounts  of  Kenmure,  although 
he  might  have  given  us  a  reference  to  Conolly's 
curious  '  Romance  of  the  Ranks '  in  his  note  on  the 
claimants  for  the  peerage;  Mr.  Macphail's  long 
account  of  the  Earls  of  Lauderdale ;  the  Martinis 
de  Ruvi guy's  description  of  the  Earls  of  Kil- 
marnock  ;  and  the  Rev.  John  Anderson's  learned 
disquisition  on  the  Celtic  Earls  of  Lennox  and  the 
Earls  of  Mar,  though  he  cannily  declines  to  express 
an  opinion  on  the  rival  claims  which  roused  the 
righteous  indignation  of  Lord  Crawford. 

Among  the  intruders  in  this  volume  are  the 
Ingrams,  for  whom  the  Viscounty  of  Irvine  was 
created— why,  it  is  not  clear.  They  began  with  a 
tallow  chandler  of  London,  who  married  a  haber- 
dasher (why  are  these  facts  interesting  in  the 
sixteenth  century  when  omitted  in  the  twentieth  ?), 
but  found  it  so  difficult  to  maintain  their  line  that 
the  third  viscount,  who  died  in  1702,  was  succeeded 
in  turn  by  five  of  his  nine  sons,  and  then  by  his 
grandson,  the  ninth  and  last  viscount,  who  left  only 
five  daughters.  It  is  a  curious  comment  on  the 
point  of  view  of  another  day  that  one  of  these  left 
a  goodly  estate  to  her  husband's  illegitimate  son, 
who  founded  a  well-known  military  family. 
Improvements  might  be  effected  in  the  '  Scots 
Peerage,'  but  if  it  is  not  definitive  it  forms  a  good 
framework  for  the  great  masses  of  material  that 
have  come  to  light  since  Douglas's  day. 

The  Shakespeare  Apocrypha:  being  a _  Collection  of 
Fourteen  Plays  which  have  been  ascribed  to  Shake- 
speare. Edited,  with  Introduction,  Notes,  and 
Bibliography,  by  C.  F.  Tucker  Brooke,  B.Litt. 
(Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

THIS  excellent  edition,  tastefully  bound  in  limp 
cloth,  will  at  once  take  standard  rank  as  a  satis- 
factory issue  of  the  doubtful  Shakespearian  plays. 
A  text  founded  on  careful  examination  of  the 
originals  by  a  competent  scholar  has  been  needed 
for  years,  and  such  the  present  editor  provides. 
His  ample  knowledge  alike  of  native  and  foreign 
criticism  in  books  and  fugitive  publications  will  be 
realized  by  all  who  read  his  compact  and  judicious 
introduction.  Notes  on  the  text  are  printed  at 
the  bottom  of  the  page,  and  there  are  a  few 
explanatory  notes  at  the  end  which  are  dis- 
tinguished by  their  practical  brevity. 

We  read  that  "  the  collation  of  the  early  editions 
has  been  done  twice  to  secure  accuracy,  and  the 
proof-sheets  revised  by  the  original  quartos.  Par- 
ticular care  has  been  taken  to  verify  readings  which 
are  in  opposition  to  those  recorded  by  other  modern 
editors. 

We  add  that  every  five  lines  is  numbered  at  the 
side  throughout  the  scenes,  an  important  practical 
aid  to  reference  which  is  sometimes  forgotten.  To- 
keep  within  the  limits  of  some  450  pages  a  small 
type  has  had  to  be  used,  but  the  merits  of  the 
edition  will,  we  hope,  ensure  another  issue,  perhaps 
in  three  volumes  or  more,  in  which  larger  print  can 


10  s.  x.  JULY  4, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


be  used.  Unequal  as  all  the  plays  are  in  execution, 
they  contain,  taken  together,  a  body  of  fine  poetry, 
which  no  lover  of  our  literature  can  afford  to  miss. 
Confronted  with  a  lyric  like  "Roses,  their  sharp 
spines  being  gone,"  we  may  say  that,  if  this  is  not 
Shakespeare's,  it  is  worthy  of  him. 

There  are  thirteen  facsimiles  of  title-pages  re- 
printed. The  play  which  lacks  such  adornment, 
'Sir  Thomas  More,'  is  not  the  least  interesting.  It 
was  first  printed  in  1844,  and  is  here  re-edited  from 
the  Harleiaii  MS.  7368  in  the  British  Museum. 
Lines  1 — 172,  in  Act  II.  so.  iv.,  have  been  attributed 
with  the  greatest  confidence  to  Shakespeare,  nor 
can  we,  in  view  of  their  wonderful  quality,  be 
astonished  at  the  suggestion,  which  is  very  different 
from  the  wild  imaginings  of  many  scholars  concern- 
ing these  '  Apocrypha.  Dyce  first  transcribed  this 
play  from  the  MS.,  and  since  it  has  now  crumbled 
away  or  become  indecipherable,  a  number  of  words 
and  lines  have  to  be  taken  on  his  authority  alone. 
The  MS.  is  in  several  hands,  and  one  of  these  has 
been  assigned  to  Shakespeare  himself,  but  we  view 
what  some  would  regard  as  satisfactory  evidence  on 
such  points  with  the  gravest  suspicion.  A  note 
by  Mr.  Spedding  on  the  question  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
(p.  xlviii)  is  referred  to  as  "4  'N.  &  Q.,'  x.  227." 
Here  4  means  "  4th  Series."  We  cannot  go  into  the 
details  of  the  disputed  authorship  set  forth  in  the 
introduction,  but  we  are  pleased  to  see  recognition 
of  the  admirable  work  of  our  contributor  Mr. 
Charles  Crawford,  and  of  a  veteran  in  the  field  of 
Shakespearian  scholarship,  Mr.  P.  A.  Daniel.  Mr. 
Brooke  usually  writes  well  and  clearly,  but  we  must 
protest  against  such  a  phrase  as  "  her  really  revolt- 
ing wishy-washiness,"  used  of  Emilia  in  *  The  Two 
Noble  Kinsmen.'  We  presume  that  the  absence  of 
"  Valingford"  from  the  list  of  characters  in  '  Faire 
Em '  is  a  slip  on  the  part  either  of  the  MS.  or  the 
editor. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— JULY. 

THE  number  of  Catalogues  we  received  during 
June  was  exceptionally  large,  but  those  dated  July 
already  go  far  beyond  them. 

Divinity  takes  the  lead  in  Mr.  Baker's  List  527, 
which  contains  a  copy  of  Gallandus's  '  Bibliotheca 
Graeco-Latina  Veterum  Patrum,'  Venetiis,  1765-88, 
14  vols.,  folio,  a  beautiful  set,  whole  bound  in 
calf,  381.  ;  a  set  of  the  '  Library  of  Anglo-Catholic 
Theology,'  88  vols.,  half -morocco,  81.  8s.  ;  Paz's 
'  Opera  Spiritualia,'  1623,  3  vols.,  folio,  calf,  81.  10s. ; 
the  first  10  vols.  of  Pezius's  '  Bibliotheca  Ascetica 
Antiquo  -  Nova,'  12mo,  vellum,  very  rare,  9Z.  10s. 
(the  two  missing  vols.  contain  Nicolai  de  Argentina 
on  the  Canticles) ;  and  the  Wy  cliff e  Bible,  Oxford, 
1850,  4  vols.,  imp.  4to,  4£.  There  is  a  fine  clean 
specimen  of  the  great  London  Polyglott,  8  vols., 
folio,  in  the  original  rough  calf  as  published, 
including  Castell's  '  Lexicon/  1657-69,  161.  16s. 

Mr.  Richard  Cameron's  Edinburgh  Catalogue  222 
is,  like  all  his  lists,  full  of  works  of  Scottish  interest. 
We  note  the  first  Edinburgh  edition  of  Burns,  1787 
new  calf,  3?.  15s.  ;  the  Complete  Works,  6  vols. 
large  paper,  1877,  21.  18s. ;  and  Walker's  mezzo 
tint  after  the  Nasmyth  portrait,  21.  2s.  Views  o 
Edinburgh  include  Grant's  and  Drummond's.  Under 
Hogg  is  an  amusing  autograph  letter,  Edinburgh 
April  23rd,  1815,  referring  to  a  forthcoming  cele 
bration  of  Shakespeare,  1L  15s.  There  are  a  num 
ber  of  Scotch  trials,  works  on  Scottish  songs  and 
ballads,  &c. 


Mr.  Fred.  Cleaver's  Bath  Catalogue  6  contains- 
Titsingh's  '  Illustrations  of  Japan,'  Ackermann, 
1822,  21. 17s.  6d.  ;  a  copy  of  the  "  Fireside"  Dickens, 
23  vols.,  cloth,  as  new,  41s.;  Reid's  'Concordance 
to  Burns,'  9s. ;  and  a  collection,  '  Mr.  Mathews  at 
Home,'  &c.,  and  'The  Theatrical  Olio,'  the  five 
works  in  one  volume,  21.  5s. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  in  his  Catalogue  164  a 
good  tall  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  'Robinson 
Crusoe'  (it  contains  the  two  leaves  of  advertise- 
ments at  end) ;  also  first  edition  of  *  The  Farther 
Adventures,'  1719.  The  two  vols.  are  bound  in 
evant  by  Riviere,  1001.  Under  Coleridge  is  a  set 
}f  the  original  numbers  of  The  Friend,  I/.  12.$. 
Among  other  first  editions  are  'The  Reliques  of 
father  Prout,'  1836,  2  vols.,  original  cloth,  21.  5s.  -r 
?rynne's  '  Player's  Scourge,'  1633,  6/.  6s. ;  Leigh 
aunt's  '  Men,  Women,  and  Books,'  1847,  11.  Is. ;  col- 
ected  edition  of  Lamb's  Works,  Oilier,  1818,  2vols.r 
2mo,  boards,  4?.  4s. ;  also  works  of  Tennysonr 
Swinburne,  and  Thackeray. 

Mr.  Dobell's  previous  Catalogue,  which  reached 
us  too  late  for  notice  among  June  lists,  contains  the 
irst  edition  of '  Killing  noe  Murder,'  11. 12s.  This  was 
printed  clandestinely,  and  is  said  to  have  struck 
such  a  terror  into  the  mind  of  Cromwell  as  to  ren- 
der the  concluding  part  of  his  life  miserable.  The 
rare  edition  of  1624  of  Bacon's  '  Essaies,'  12mo,  calf, 
is  81.  8s. ;  and  first  editions  of  all  the  volumes  of 
'  Tristram  Shandy '  (vols.  i.  and  ii.  without  any  im- 
print), 9  vols.,  1760-67,  13J.  13s.  Milton's  first 
pamphlet,  '  Church  Discipline,'  1641,  bound  in 
morocco  by  Riviere,  is  317.  Masson  says  of  the 
close  of  this,  "It  is  a  passage  of  prose  poetry 
to  which  I  have  found  nothing  comparable  as  yet  in 
the  whole  range  of  English  literature."  Another 
rare  item  is  the  first  edition  of  Hakluyt,  1589,  42/. 

Messrs.  Drayton  &  Sons'  Exeter  Catalogue  193"- 
contains  works  under  India,  Ireland,  Medical,. 
Natural  History,  &c.  The  general  portion  includes 
Fox-Davies's  '  Heraldry,'  1905,  4Z.  15s. ;  Turner's 
'  Liber  Studiorum,'  2  vols.,  large  oblong  4to,  4£.  4s. ; 
Alken's  Sporting  Prints  (42),  3J.  10s.;  and  Sarah 
Austin's  'Story  without  an  End,'  large  paper, 
1868,  21.  2s. 

Messrs.  Dray  ton's  Catalogue  194  is  devoted  to 
Theology.  A  copy  of  Hastings's  '  Dictionary  of 
the  Bible'  is  priced  4Z.  18s.  ;  Smith  and  Wace's 
'  Christian  Biography,'  3J.  3s. ;  the  first  series 
of  the  '  Contemporary  Pulpit,'  11  vols.,  15s. ;  andl 
'Preachers'  Homiletical  Commentary,'  32  vols., 
New  York,  1892-6,  4Z.  18s.  There  are  lists  under 
Kingsley,  Lightfoot,  Pusey,  Vaughan,  Westcott,. 
and  others. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Gadney's  Oxford  Catalogue  XXI.  is  a 
small  one  of  recent  purchases.  '  Encyclopaedia  of 
the  Laws  of  England,'  edited  by  Renton,  with  in- 
troduction by  .Pollock,  12  vols.,  1897-8,  is  51. 10s.;  Mrs. 
Jameson's  'History  of  Our  Lord,'  first  edition, 
2  vols.,  11.  4.s.;  Lord  Leighton's  '  Life  and  Work,'  by 
Mrs.  Barrington,  2  vols.,  royal  8vo,  1906,  11.  10s.; 
and  Zeller's  Works,  9  vols.,  3/.  15s.  Mr.  Gadney 
has  also  a  Short  Clearance  Catalogue  of  Theological 
Books. 

Mr,  William  Hitchman's  Bristol  Catalogue  62 
contains  Burton's '  Arabian  Nights,'  17  vols.,  147. 14s.; 
and  the  "  Mermaid  "  Series  of  Best  Plays  of  the 
Old  Dramatists,  10  vols.,  11.  Other  items  include 
'  Dutch  Painters,'  by  Max  Rooses,  12s.  6d.;  Lang's 
'Prince  Charles  Edward,'  11.  Is.;  'Autobiography 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  4,  im 


of  a  Stage  Coachman,'  by  Cross,  21.  7s.  6d.;  Sir 
Thomas  Browne's  Works,  3  vols.,  15s. ;  Hender- 
son's '  Mary,Queen  of  Scots,'  10s.  Qd. ;  and  Osmund 
Airy's  'Charles  II.,'  II.  1*. 

Mr.  W.  M.  Murphy  of  Liverpool  opens  his  Cata- 
logue 137  with  24  vols.  of  The  New  England  Genea- 
logical Register,  1877-1900,  121.  12s.  (there  are  some 
numbers  wanting  in  1897  and  1898)  There  is  a 
beautiful  set  of  'The  Antiquarian  Cabinet,'  1807-12, 
31.  10s.  Under  Architecture  is  Sharpe's  *  Parallels,' 

2  vols.,  royal  folio,  1848,  61.  6s.     Dickens  items  in- 
clude the  original  parts  of  'Bleak  House'    (two 
parts  want  the  covers),  II.  10s.;  also  'Copperfield 
(some  wrappers  wanting),  21.  15s.    There  is  in  addi- 
tion a  set  of  the  Christmas  Books,  5  vols.,  1843-8, 
II  10s.  Under  Thackeray  is  the  Biographical  Edition, 
13  vols.,  new  half -calf,  4J.  4s.     There  are  lists  under 
Ireland,  Lancashire,  Manchester,  &c. 

Messrs.  W.  N.  Pitcher  &  Co.'s  Manchester  Cata- 
logue 159  contains  the  Library  Edition  of  Freeman's 
'  Norman  Conquest,'  Oxford,  6  vols.,  very  scarce, 
61.  10s.;  Gilfillan's  'British  Poets,'  48  vols.,  31.  3s.; 
'The  Century  Dictionary,'  6  vols.,  folio,  half- 
morocco,  01.  10s. ;  Gillray,  from  the  original  plates, 

3  vols.,  61.  ;  La  Fontaine,  Amsterdam,  1767,  2  vols., 


include  

impressions,  6  vols.,  folio,  half- vellum,  1841-8, 61.  6s.; 
Lawrence,  by  Lord  Ronald  Sutherland  Gower,  fine- 
paper  edition,  4to,  31.  10s.;  David  Cox,  memoir  by 
Solly,  1873,  M.  10s. ;  Cruikshank's  49  drawings  pre- 
pared to  illustrate  an  intended  Autobiography, 
II.  5s. ;  Du  Maurier's '  Society  Pictures,'  from  Punch, 
1,000  plates,  2  vols.,  royal  4to,  12s. ;  and  Waring's 
'  Masterpieces  of  Industrial  Art,'  3  vols. ,  folio,  whole 
morocco,  1863  (cost  401.),  31.  3s.  Under  Facetiae  we 
find  a  reminiscence  of  1854,  *  The  Legend  of  Vilikins 
and  his  Dinah,'  illustrated  by  Thomson,  2s.  6d. 

The  list  of  Tracts,  Pamphlets,  and  Broadsides 
issued  by  Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith  in  his  Sixty-Second 
Catalogue  is  such  as  Macau'lay  would  have  de- 
lighted in ;  they  range  from  1510  to  1808.  We  can 
purchase  for  5s.  '  The  Mournfull  Cryes  of  many 
Thousand  Poore  Tradesmen,'  who  in  1650  were 
"  ready  to  Famish  through  Decay  of  Trade."  A 
unique  Waltonian  document  is  the  printed  will 
•of  John  Donne  the  Yonger,  1662,  in  which  he  leaves 
his  father's  MSS.  to  Izaak  Walton  ;  the  price  for 
this  is  51.  5s.  There  is  the  rejoinder  of  Luther  to 
the  '  Assertion  of  the  Seven  Sacraments,'  Wittem- 
berg,  1522,  61.  6s.  We  find  a  '  Search  after  Claret,' 
1691,  II.  Is.  This  mentions  all  the  important  taverns 
throughout  London  visited.  Under  Lady  Hamilton 
is  a  collection  of  tracts  by  Dr.  James  Graham,  of 
the  Temple  of  Health,  Adelphi  and  Pall  Mall.  The 
Catalogue  contains  1,400  items,  and  they  are  all 
well  arranged  chronologically. 

Messrs.  Sotheran  send  their  last  two  Prices 
Current,  Nos.  683  and  684.  The  former  contains 
a  number  of  Ackermann's  publications,  first  and 
early  editions,  important  works  under  Americana, 
Architecture,  and  Fine  Bindings.  In  a  long  list 
under  Cruikshank  occurs  in  its  original  boards 
'  The  Humourist,'  Robins,  351.  There  are  first 
editions  of  Dickens,  and  French  illustrated  books 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  Under  "  A  Wonderful 
Alice  "  is  a  large-paper  copy  of  Rackham's  edition  of 
*  Alice  in  Wonderland,'  extended  to  4  vols.  by  the 
addition  of  324  extra  illustrations,  bound  in  blue 


levant,  1908,  841.  There  is  one  of  the  rarest  produc- 
tions of  Franklin's  press,  Cicero's  '  Cato  Major,' 
Philadelphia,  1744,  a  tall  copy,  in  the  original  half- 
sheep,  581.  Under  Shelley  is  the  original  first  issue 
of  '  St.  Irvyne,'  a  perfect  copy,  wholly  uncut, 
Stockdale,  1811,  65(.,  Space  does  not  permit  us  to 
quote  further  ;  this  is  only  an  indication  of  the 
many  choice  items.  At  the  end  of  the  Catalogue 
are  a  number  of  letters  addressed  to  Mrs.  Lynn 
Linton,  and  it  is  believed  that  they  are  all  un- 
published, including  a  series  of  47  from  Landor, 
1857-60.  These  are  full  of  affection  ;  he  likens  his 
own  case  to  that  of  King  Lear,  and  seems  to  have 
considered  Mrs.  Linton  as  his  Cordelia.  "Nothing 
on  earth  is  so  precious  to  me  as  your  affection."  In 
many  he  bewails  his  enforced  exile,  and  pathetically 
refers  to  the  loss  of  his  home,  his  pictures,  and 
specially  his  books ;  he  mentions  the  Brownings, 
his  'Dry  Sticks,'  &c.,  and  says:  "lam  in  rags,  I 
have  not  laid  out  40  shillings  on  clothing  in  4  years." 
There  are  eighteen  long  letters  of  Swinburne's. 
Herbert  Spencer  writes :  "  I  do  not  think  you  are 
altogether  a  good  Grundyometer,  for  you  are  not  in 
sufficient  sympathy  witn  Mrs.  Grundy."  Besides 
the  Lynn  Linton  letters  there  are  autographs  of 
Byron,  Burns,  and  others.  Under  Burns  is  the 
original  MS.  of  'The  Twa  Herds,'  3  pages,  folio, 
2501. 

Price  Current  684  contains  the  most  complete  set 
yet  offered  for  sale  of  Gould's  natural  history  works, 
including  the  '  Birds  of  Paradise,'  by  Dr.  Bowdler 
Sharpe.  The  price  of  the  50  vols.  is  630(.  This 
item  naturally  eclipses  the  remaining  entries,  but 
there  are  many  other  noteworthy  lots. 

The  Catalogue  of  Mr.  Albert  Sutton  of  Man- 
chester contains  a  set  of  the  Chetham  Society's  Pub- 
lications, 1840-1906,  24*. ;  '  The  English  Emersons,' 
18  sheet  pedigrees,  1898,  12s.  Qd.  ;  St.  John  Hope's 
'  Stall  -  Plates  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter,' 
21.  17s.  6d.  ;  Shaw's  'Manchester,  Old  and  New,' 
3  vols.,  II.  Is.;  Hartshorne's  'Old  English  Glasses,' 
folio,  21. ;  a  complete  set  of  Punch,  1841-1905, 221.  10s. ; 
Baines's  '  Lancaster,'  2  vols.,  4to.,  1868,  II.  Is. ;  and 
Bamford's  '  Life  of  a  Radical,'  2  vols.,  5s.  There  are 
works  relating  to  Lancashire.  We  would  suggest 
to  Mr.  Sutton  the  desirability  of  numbering  his 
catalogues. 

WE  congratulate  Dr.  J.  A.  H.  Murray  on  the 
well-deserved  knighthood  which  is  one  of  the 
features  of  the  King's  Birthday  honours.  Such 
awards  can,  in  the  view  of  the  scholar,  add  little 
to  the  unique  distinction  comprised  in  the  three 
letters  'N.E.D.,'  but  it  is  pleasant  to  see  that  the 
fount  of  honour  does  not  now  entirely  in  political 
and  commercial  grooves. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
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disposing  of  them. 


io  s.  x.  JULY  4, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

BOOKSELLERS'  ADVERTISEMENTS     (JULY). 

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21 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  11,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-NO.  237. 

NOTES :— Edward  Sharpham  and  Robert  Hayman,  21— 
Inscriptions  at  Florence,  24— The  Strand  Hotel,  26— 'Old 
Mother  Hubbard ' :  its  Author— Rushlights— "  The  Upper 
Thames,"  27. 

QUERIES  :— Sir  George  Somers,  1554-1610— Windle  Family 
—Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted— Anonymous  Works- 
Mason  of  Stapleton,  Gloucestershire,  28 — Col.  Mompesson 
—Dickens  on  "  Half -Baptized  "— Coxe  of  Clent  and  Swyn- 
ford,  co.  Worcester — Early  Law  Terms — Basset,  Engle- 
field,  Basevil,  and  Anvers— "  Whiff,"  a  Boat—"  Thurcet," 
29— Mrs.  Bremar's  Ladies' School,  Blackheath  Hill— "The 
Protector's  Head,"  Inn  Sign — Milton  and  Christ's  College, 
Cambridge  —  "Meschianza"  —  "Cock-foster"  —  Peter 
Quivel,  Bishop  of  Exeter— Vigo  Bay,  1702-19— Stuffed 
Chine,  30. 

REPLIES  :— Nonconformist  Burial -Grounds  and  Grave- 
stones, 31— Surrey  Gardens,  32— "  Sabariticke  "— Wilkes's 
4  Essay  on  Woman ' — Plaxtol — Hair  becoming  suddenly 
White  through  Fear,  33— VVhite  Cock  v.  the  Devil,  34— 
Cornish  and  Other  Apparitions — Hippocrates  Legend — 
Books  by  the  Ton — "Abracadabra,"  35 — Creole  Folk-lore  : 
Stepping  across  a  Child— "  Jirgah  "—Cambridge  Early 
Lists:  Sir  Richard  Cope— Scottish  University  Arms— 
41  Vizt."— Queen  Anne's  Fifty  Churches,  36— "  Entente 
Cordiale" — Askwith  or  Asquith — Secret  Passages,  37 — 
"The  Crooked  Billet"— "What  you  but  see  when  you 
haven't  a  gun" — Hon.  Mrs.  Gordon's  Suicide — Holbein 
Subjects— Ben  Jonson's  Name:  its  Spelling— William 
Winstanley's  Birthplace — Nursery  Rime,  38. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :—' English  Local  Government'— 
Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


EDWARD     SHARPHAM    AND 
ROBERT    HAYMAN. 

PART  I. 

THE  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography ' 
contains  a  short  account  of  the  life  of 
Edward  Sharpham  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
based  on  the  Middle  Temple  records  and 
particulars  obtained  from  his  plays  '  The 
Fleire,'  "  by  Edward  Sharpham,"  1607, 
and  '  Cupids  Whirligig  *  (dedication  signed 
"  E.  S.")  of  the  same  year.  But  the  '  Dic- 
tionary '  gives  neither  the  date  of  Sharp- 
ham's  birth  nor  that  of  his  death,  being 
content  to  say  "  fl.  1607  "  ;  and  it  does  not 
identify  "  Colehaiiger,"  his  Devonshire  home. 

Having  been  fortunate  enough  to  find 
'Sharpham' s  will  at  Somerset  House  (wrongly 
Indexed  under  the  name  "Sharpman"), 
and  having  been  thus  enabled  to  make 
further  researches,  I  am  in  a  position  to 
add  a  good  deal  to  the  general  knowledge 
of  Sharpham' s  life. 

Among  the  Admissions  to  the  Middle 
Temple  we  have,  under  date  "  1594,  9  Oct.," 
that  of  "  Mr.  Edward,  third  son  of  Richard 
Sharpham,  late  of  Colehanger,  Devon,  gent., 
deceased."  Edward  Sharpham's  will  led 


me  to  find  that  Colehanger  was  a  manor 
in  the  parish  of  East  Allington,  near  Kings- 
bridge — a  fact,  indeed,  already  stated  in 
Lysons's  *  Magna  Britannia  :  Devonshire,' 
Part  II.  p.  6,  and  in  Hutchinson's  '  Notable 
Middle  Templars'  (1902),  p.  222.  By  the 
help  of  the  Rector  of  East  Allington,  the 
Rev.  J.  J.  Mallock,  I  then  obtained  various 
entries  from  the  parish  register  relating 
to  his  family,  in  particular  that  of  Edward 
Sharpham's  baptism.  These  are  as  follows  : 


1576.  The  xxvjth  of  July  was  baptized  Edward 

of  Mr  Richard 
Marye  his  wyffe. 


Sharpham  the  sonne 


Richard  Sharpham  & 


1579.  The  x  of  May  was  baptized  Susanna  Sharp- 
ham  the  daughter  of  Mr  Richard  Sharpham  and 
Mary  his  wyfe. 

1581.  The  xxixth  day  of  August  Mr  Richard 
Sharpham  was  buryed. 

From  the  *  Visitations  of  Devon '  (Vivian), 
1895,  p.  484,  I  learnt  that  "  Mary,  dau.  of 
and  widow  of Sharpham,"   was 


married  on  2  Oct.,  1582,  at  Cornworthy, 
to  Alexander  Hexte  of  Staverton,  third  son 
of  John  Hexte  of  Kingston.  Alexander 
Hexte  had  previously  married  Mary,  daughter 

of  Ellacott  of  Exeter,  the  marriage 

licence  being  dated  27  June,  1580,  Exeter. 
Mr.  Hext,  as  will  be  seen,  after  his  marriage 
to  Mary  Sharpham,  apparently  came  to 
reside  at  East  Allington.  Accordingly  the 
following  East  Allington  entries  become 
of  interest  : — 

1583/4.  The  xixth  of  January  was  baptized  George 
Hext  the  sonne  of  Mp  Alexander  Hext  and  Mary 
his  wyfe. 

1585/6.  The  vijth  of  March  was  baptized  John 
Hext  and  Peter  the  sonnes  of  Mr  Alexander  Hext 
and  Mrs  Mary  his  wyfe. 

1586.  The  xxth  of  June  John  Hext  the  sonne  of 
Mr  Alexander  and  Mary  his  wyfe  was  buryed. 

1586.  The  vith  of  July  Peter  Hext  the  sonne  of 
Alexander  Hext  and  M™  Mary  his  wyt'e  was 
buryed. 

1588.  The  xiiii  of  July  Mr  Alexander  Hext  was 
buryed. 

As  has  been  stated,  Edward  Sharpham 
was  admitted  to  the  Middle  Temple  on 
9  Oct.,  1594.  We  have  no  record  of  his 
being  called  to  the  Bar.  We  hear  that  he 
was  fined  20s.  for  absence  at  Christmas, 
1595,  and  again  20s.  on  21  May,  1596, 
"  for  absence  and  being  out  of  commons 
in  Lent  and  during  Mr.  Johnsons  Reading  "  ; 
and  after  this  no  more  till  1607. 

It  has  occurred  to  me,  however,  that  we 
may  with  some  probability  attribute  to 
Edward  Sharpham  the  authorship  of  the 
interesting  tract  of  the  "coney-catching" 
class  called  '  The  Discoverie  of  the  Knights 
of  the  Post,'  by  "  E.  S.,"  which  appeared 
in  1597.  The  tract  shows  a  minute  acauaint- 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  n,  iocs. 


ance  with  the  lives  and  characters  of  a 
number  of  professional  false-swearers  as 
well  as  of  the  details  of  legal  proced.ure, 
such  as  could  only  have  been  obtained 
by  some  one  who  had  constantly  attended 
law  courts.  Further,  the  revelations  about 
these  shady  characters  are  represented  as 
being  made  on  a  walk  from  London  to 
Exeter,  and  we  have  the  various  stages, 
(Hounslow,  Basingstoke,  Andover,  Salisbury, 
Shaftesbury,  Exeter),  the  inns  to  which 
the  travellers  went,  and  the  sights  they 
saw.  This  is  just  the  road  Edward  Sharp- 
ham  must  have  known  best.  So  I  venture 
to  think  he  was  the  author  of  the  tract. 

In  1607  appeared  the  two  plays  'The 
Fleire,'  by  Edward  Sharpham,  and  '  Cupids 
Whirligig'  (dedication  signed  "  E.  S."), 
which,  as  was  seen  by  Malone,  is  also  un- 
doubtedly Sharpham' s.  The  latter  play  is 
dedicated  by  its  author  to  "  his  much 
honoured,  beloued,  respected  and  judiciall 
friend  Maister  Robert  Hayman."  The 
*  D.N.B.'  does  not  point  out,  as  it  might 
have  done,  that  this  Robert  Hayman  is, 
with  little  doubt,  the  Devonian  Robert 
Hayman  who  was  an  early  colonist  of  New- 
foundland and  Guiana,  and  who  published 
in  1628  '  Quodlibets,'  a  collection  of  poems 
partly  original,  partly  translations  of  the 
Latin  epigrams  of  John  Owen.  The  dedica- 
tion to  Hayman  contains  the  tantalizing 
words,  "  Since  our  trauailes  I  have  been 
pregnant  with  desire  to  bring  forth  some- 
thing whereunto  you  may  be  witnesse." 
It  would  seem  from  this  that,  at  some  date 
before  this,  Hayman,  who  was  born  with 
the  roving  spirit,  had  had  Sharpham,  his 
fellow-Devonian  and  fellow-lawyer,  as  his 
Companion.  This  fact,  and  the  terms  in 
which  Sharpham  here  addresses  Hayman, 
are  a  sign  that  there  was  something  good 
in  Sharpham,  even  though  Ben  Jonson  told 
Drummond  "  that  Sharpham,  Day,  Dicker, 
were  all  rogues"  ;  for  no  one  can  read 
Hayman' s  writings  without  recognizing  in 
him  a  goo,d,  brave,  and  lovable  man. 

'The  Fleire'  was  republished  in  1610, 
1615,  and  1631;  'Cupids  Whirligig'  in 
1611,  1616,  arid  1630  ;  but  no  further  works 
issued  from  the  author's  pen.  The  reason 
for  this  became  clear  on  the  discovery  of 
Sharpham' s  will.  He  had  died  in  1608. 
The  document  is  of  sufficient  interest  to 
print  in  full.  It  is  calendared  "  Winde- 
banck,  46  "  :— 

"In  the  name  of  God  amen.  The  twoe  and 
twentithe  dale  of  A  prill  one  thowsand  sixe  hun- 
dred and  eighte  and  in  the  yeares  of  the  Raigne 
of  oure  sovereign  Lorde  James  by  the  grace  of  god 


kinge  of  England  Scotland  ffraunce  and  Ireland* 
defendo*  of  the  faithe  &c.  (that  is  to  saie  of  Eng- 
land ffrau'ce  and  Ireland  the  sixth  and  of  Scot- 
land the  one  and  fourtithe)  I  Edwarde  Sharphann 
of  Allington  in  the  countie  of  Devon  gent 
beinge  sicke  in  bodye  but  of  good  and  perfect 
memorie  lawde  and  praise  be  therfore  given  vnto- 
allmightye  god  doe  make  and  ordeine  this  my 
last  will  and  testament  in  manner  &  fourmfr 
followinge  (that  is  to  saie)  ffirste  and  principallie  I 
give  and  commende  my  soule  into  the  handes  of 
allmightye  god  my  Creator  and  Maker  trusting^ 
&  moste  assuredlye  beleevinge  in  his  mercye  that 
throughe  the  merritts  deathe  and  passion  of  hi* 
only  sonne  my  Savio'  and  Redeemer  Jhesus- 
Christe  I  have  and  shall  have  full  and  free- 
Remission  of  all  my  synnes  and  after  this; 
tfansitorie  lief  ended  everlastinge  ioye  in  the- 
Kingdome  of  Heaven  wch  nevir  shall  nave  ende^ 
Amen.  Item  I  give  and  bequeethe  my  bodie  to 
the  earthe  of  whence  it  came  to  be  buried  in  a. 
Christian  buriall  at  the  discrec'on  of  my  executor 
and  Overseers  hereafter  named.  Item  I  geve- 
devise  and  bequeathe  vnto  William  Gay  ton  of 
Westmr  in  the  countie  of  Midd  Taylo1"  all  and 
singuler  my  Apparell  goods  Chattells  debts  som'es 
of  money  due  and  oweinge  vnto  me  by  any  person  or 
persons  whatsoeu'  by  special tye  com posic'on  or  other- 
wise. Item  I  doe  geve  devise  and  bequeathe  vnto- 
my  Broth1  George  Heckste  my  damosin  coloured 
Cloake  lyned  throughe  wth  blacke  velvett  &  my 
Rapier  beinge  hatched  wth  silver  and  a  gyrdle  and 
Hangers  trymmed  wth  silver  belonginge  to  the  same 
Item  I  give  devise  and  bequeathe  vnto  my  Cosyn 
Bridgitt  ffortescue  my  Cheyne  of  small  pearle  and 
my  goulde  Ringe  wth  the  diamond  therm  Item  I 
give  devise  and  bequeathe  vnto  my  Brother  in  lawe 
Richard  Goteham  my  rydinge  Clothe  cloake  and 
one  Gyrdle  and  Hanger  of  Leather  playne  &  vn- 
wrougnte  And  I  give  devise  and  bequeathe  vnto* 
my  Cosynne  William  Langworthie  my  pale  Carna- 
tion silke  Stockings.  And  of  this  my  last  will  and! 
testament  I  make  nominate  and  appointe  my 
well  beloued  the  sayde  William  Gayton  my  full& 
and  whole  Executor  And  I  make  and  ordeine- 
Robert  Browne  of  Westmr  in  the  said  Countie 
of  Midd.  Notary  publicque  and  Thomas  Rowpe 
of  Milton  in  the  County  of  Devon  gent.  Oversews 
of  the  same  desyringe  them  to  see  the  Execuc'on 
thereof  performed  And  I  vtterlie  revoke  adni- 
hilate  and  make  voide  all  and  everye  other  former 
Wills  Testaments  Legacies  and  bequests  in  any 
wise  by  me  heretofore  made  In  wittnes  whereof  I 
have  to  this  my  last  will  and  testament  conteyninge- 
twoe  sheetes  of  paper  severallie  putte  my  hande- 
and  sealle  the  daie  and  yeare  firste  of  all  written. 

The  marke  of  Edwarde  Sharpham  Signed  sealled 
published  and  declared  by  the  saide  Edwarde- 
Sharpeham  to  be  his  last  will  and  testam*  in  the- 
presence  of  John  Owen  Rob'te  Browne  No'*  publique- 
Robert  Askewe. 

Probatum    fuit    Testamentu'    suprascript  apud 

London  cora' Magro  Willmo  Birde  legum  d'tore- 

Nono  die  mensis  Maij  Anno millesimo  sex- 

centesimo  octavo  Juramento  Willm'  Gayton  Ex- 
ecu  toris " 

I  add  a  few  notes  on  this  will. 

1.  It  appears  that  Sharpham  had  little- 
to  leave  beyond  his  clothes  ;  and  as  his 
chief  heir  was  a  tailor,  I  conclude  that  even 
his  clothes  had  not  all  been  paid  for. 


10  a  x.  JULY  11, 1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


2.  I  may  remark  that  a  love  of  clothes 
is   shown  in   Sharpham's   plays :     twice   in 
*  The  Fleire '  he  describes  a  cloak  as  "  lined 
through"  or  "throughout." 

3.  He  is  still  bound  to  Devonshire.     He 
describes   himself   as    "of    Allington,"    and 
his  legatees  and  overseers  are  chiefly  of  that 
county. 

4.  He  makes  no  mention  of  his  mother 
nor   of   elder   brothers — who  were   perhaps 
dead — but  leaves  legacies  to  his  half-brother 
George  Hext  and  his  brother-in-law  (perhaps 
the  husband  of  his  sister  Susanna)  Richard 
Goteham.     A  George  Hexte  was  Alderman 
of  Dunheved  (Launceston)  in  1620  ('Visita- 
tions of  Cornwall,'  Harl.  Soc.,  ix.  281). 

5.  Another  legatee  is  "  my  Cosyn  Bridgitt 
ffortescue."       Perhaps     Bridget     Fortescue 
was  the   daughter   of  Roger  Fortescue  by 
Mary,  daughter  of  R.  Northleigh  and  pre- 
viously wife   in  succession  to  John   Leigh 
and  to  Martyn  Hext,   younger  brother  of 
Sharpham's     stepfather     Alexander     Hext 
('Visitations   of  Devon,'   ed.   Vivian,    1896, 
pp.  200,  484).     She  seems  to  have  lived  at 
East    Allington,    as    the    registers    of    that 
parish  record  her  burial :     "  1619,  Bridget 
Fortescue  was  buried  1  November."     Pos- 
sibly a  little  romance  attaches  to  the  legacy 
of  the  chain  and  diamond  ring. 

6.  The  Langwbrthys  were  a  well-known 
Devonshire   family,    and   there   were   some 
at  East  Allington. 

7.  There  are  monuments  to  the  Rowpe 
or  Roope  family  in  the   church   of   South 
Milton  (Lysons,  p.  341).      See   also  *  Visita- 
tion of  Devon,  1620,'  under  '  Roupe.' 

8.  One   of  the  witnesses  to   the  will  is 
John    Owen.      I    imagine    he    may  be    the 
epigrammatist  whose   work   was  translated 
by  Sharpham's  friend  Robert  Hayman. 

It  was  clear  from  the  fact  of  Sharpham 
having  "  made  his  mark"  instead  of  signing 
his  name  that  he  was  very  ill  when  the  wil 
was  executed  on  22  April,  1608  ;  and  as  it 
was  proved  on  9  May  following,  it  was  clear 
that  he  had  died  in  the  interval.1  Bui 
where  ?  From  the  fact  that  a  notary  o 
Westminster  witnessed  the  will  I  concluded 
that  Sharpham  died  in  Westminster.  A 
visit  to  St.  Margaret's  Church  confirmee 
my  conjecture.  In  the  register  of  burial 
of  that  church,  under  the  date  "  April  23 ' 
— the  day  after  the  will  had  been  made — 
was  the  name  "  Edward  Sharpham  "  written 
in  the  large  characters  accorded  in  ol< 
registers  to  persons  of  superior  station 
He  must  have  died  that  day  or  the 
before,  and  his  remains,  if  they  have  no 


een  disturbed,  must  now  bo  lying  in  St. 
Margaret's  Churchyard. 

There  is  no  probability  in  Hunter's  sug- 
estion  that  "  Ed.  Snarphell,"  whose  verses 
To  my  beloued  Master  lohn  Davies'  are- 
refixed  to  Davies' s  '  Humours  Heau'n  on 

Earth'  (1605)  was  Edward  Sharpham,- 
nd  another  suggestion  that  Sharpham 

wrote  the  '  Vision  upon  this  his  Minerva r 
signed  "  E.  S.")  in  Peacham's  'Minerva 
Britanna,'  1612,  is  disproved  by  the  now 

ascertained  fact  that  Sharpham  had  then 
>een  dead  four  years. 

PART  II. 

I  add  a  few  lines  on  Robert  Hayman,. 
upplementary  to  the  life  of  him  given  in 
he  '  D.N.B.'  He  was  matriculated  at 
Oxford  from  Exeter  College  on  15  Oct.r 
590,  as  "  Hayman,  Robert :  Devon,  pleb. 
.  11."  He  must  have  been  born,  therefore, 
>etween  15  Oct.,  1578,  and  15  Oct.,  1579. 
Neither  his  father's  name  nor  that  of  his 
Birthplace  is  known.  I  hoped  I  had  found 
a  clue  in  four  lines  of  Hayman' s  charming 
3oem  *  Of  the  Great  and  Famous,  euer  to- 
:>ee  honoured  Knight,  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
and  of  my  little-little  Selfe'  (' Quodlibets,r 
Book  IV.  No.  7)  :— 

This  man  when  I  was  little,  I  did  meete. 
As  he  was  walking  vp  Totnes  long  Street, 
He  ask'd  me  whose  I  was  ?    I  answer'd  him. 
He  ask'd  me  if  his  good  friend  were  within  ? 

Nicholas  Hayman,  merchant,  represented 
Totness  borough"  in  the  Parliament  of 
15  Oct.,  1586  to  23  March,  1586/7.  His 
name  does  not  appear  on  the  roll  of  the- 
Parliament  of  12  Nov.,  1588  to  29  March, 
1589;  but  "Nicholas  Hayman"  (probably 
the  same)  represented  Dartmouth,  Clifton, 
and  Hardness  in  the  Parliament  of  19  Feb., 
1592/3  to  10  April,  1593.  Here,  one  might 
suppose,  was  Robert's  father.  But  the 
Vicar  of  Totnes,  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Elliott, 
who  has  searched  the  registers  from  157(> 
to  1586,  tells  me  that  the  name  of  Robert 
Hayman  is  not  to  be  found,  though  the 
baptisms  of  five  children  of  Nicholas  Hay- 
man are  recorded  between  6  Nov.,  1579, 
and  16  April,  1586.  Possibly  Robert  Hay- 
man was  born  and  baptized  at  the  end  of 
1578,  before  Nicholas  settled  at  Totnes. 
Or  he  may  have  been  not  Nicholas's  son, 
but  his  nephew,  and  have  been  merely  visit- 
ing his  uncle  when  he  met  the  great  Drake. 
Possibly  the  Dartmouth  registers  would 
throw  light  on  Robert  Hayman' s  birth. 

With  the  help,  however,  of  Mr.  E.  Win- 
deatt  of  Bridgetown,  Totnes,  and  the  Rev. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       (io  s.  x.  JULY  11,  im 


J.  E.  Binney  of  the  Close,  Exeter,  I  have 
fjscertained  the  date  of  Robert  Hayman's 
marriage.  Vivian's  '  Visitations  of  Devon,' 
Tinder  the  Spicer  family,  mentions  "  Grace 
Spicer,  bap.  12  November,  1579,  at  St. 
llartin's,  Exeter  ;  married  21st  May,  1604, 
to  Robert  Hayman,  at  St.  Petrock's,  Exeter." 
•The  register  of  St.  Martin's  in  recording 
Grace  Spicer' s  baptism  calls  her  "  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  Spicer."  The  Rev.  W. 
David,  vicar  of  St.  Petrock's,  tells  me  that 
the  register  of  the  marriage  has  «'  Robert 
Haymon"  (not  "  Hayman  ").  This,  however, 
is  immaterial.  The  '  Quodlibets '  show 
i-hat  their  author  had  an  aunt  "  Mrs. 
Eliz.  Spicer  of  Exceter,"  and  make  it 
virtually  certain  that  he  is  the  Robert 
Hayman  whose  marriage  is  recorded  in  the 
*  Visitations.'  As  neither  the  '  Quodlibets  ' 
Tior  Robert  Hayman's  most  interesting  wilJ 
-{mentioned  in  the  'D.N.B.')  makes  any 
reference  to  wife  or  child,  we  may  perhaps 
•conclude  that  there  was  no  issue  of  the 
marriage,  and  that  Mrs.  Hayman  had  died 
before  ho  settled  in  Newfoundland.  In  New- 
ioundland  Hayman  was  settled  at  "  Harbor- 
•Grace"  as  Governor  of  the  little  colony  there. 
Was  the  settlement  (now  one  of  the  chief 
towns  of  Newfoundland)  named  after  Hay- 
man's  lost  wife  ? 

The  '  D.N.B.'  biographer  seems  to  have 
been  unaware  of  an  interesting  paper  by 
Robert  Hayman  contained  in  Egerton 
MS.  2541,  which  is  wrongly  dated  1630, 
but  was  written  before  Buckingham's  assas- 
sination (23  Aug.,  1628).  It  is  a  last  plea 
for  royal  support  of  the  Newfoundland 
•colonists.  Perhaps  Buckingham's  death  led 
Hayman  to  lose  all  hope  in  this  direction, 
and  to  turn  his  mind  to  a  fresh  attempt 
:in  Guiana.  My  attention  was  drawn  to  the 
paper  by  a  reference  in  Prowse's  '  History 
.of  Newfoundland.'  G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 

The  University,  Sheffield. 


INSCRIPTIONS    AT    FLORENCE. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  224,  344,  443.) 

THE  following  inscriptions  complete  those 
:in  the  South- West  Section  of  the  old  Pro- 
testant cemetery  : — • 

181.  Agnes  Cameron,   w.  of  Alexander  Mackin- 
tosh of  Teaninich,   Ross,   Scotland,  b.  28  March, 
1844  ;  ob.  1  Ap.,  1874. 

182.  Catharine  Straith,  wid.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Robert 
Macdonald,  C.B.,of  1st  Royal  Scots  and  35th  Regt, 
.06.  3  Ap.,1874. 

183.  Timothy    Haskard,    40    yrs.    resident    in 
Florence,  of).  25  March,  1874,  a.  66. 

184.  Hiram  Powers,  ob.  27  June,  1873,  a.  68. 


185.  Joseph  Watson,  of  Gateshead-on-Tyne,  ob. 

24  June,  1873,  a.  33. 

186.  Edward  Willie,  youngest  child  of  Dr.  Young, 
ob.  16  May,  1877,  a.  5. 

187.  Manning  Kennard,  b.  in  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  13  Aug.,  1813  ;  ob.  21  Dec.,  1873. 

188.  Sarah  Minturn  Grinnell  Watts,  d.  of  Ridley 
and  Sarah  Minturn  Watts,  b.  10  July,  1854;  ob. 

25  March,  1873. 

189.  Rev.  Wm.  Boyd,  M.A.,  minister  of  Mains 
and  Strathmartine,  Forfarsh.,  b.  30  Oct.,  1840;  ob. 
2  Ap.,  1873. 

190.  James  Drummond  Griffith,  ob.  29  Dec.,  1872, 

a.  43. 

191.  Emma  Roe,  w.  of  Wm.  Lachlan  Shearwood, 

b.  20  March,  1829,  in  Glasgow ;  ob.  16  June,  1871. 
Removed,  July  5,  to  Highgate  Cemetery,  London. 

192.  Anna  Maria  Cecilia,  d.  of  Bentink  Walter 
and  the  Hon.  A.  M.  Yelverton.     The  only  child  of 
her  mother,  and  she  was  a  widow.    Ob.  16  Ap., 
1846,  a.  13. 

193.  Bentink    Yelverton    and  his  w.,   the  Hon. 
Anna  Bingham.    No  date  or  other  inscription. 

194.  Maria  Letitia  Zaida  Ffrench,  d.  of  John,  Lord 
Clanmorris,  wid.  of  R.  Ffrench,  Esq.,  of  Rahasane, 
co.  Galway,  ob.  28  Oct.,  1832,  in  the  oloom  of  youth 
and  beauty. 

195.  Charles  John  Proby,  for  some  time  H.B.M.'s 
Vice-Consul  in  Florence,  ob.  4  Jan.,  1868,  a.  52. 

196.  Theodosise    Trollope  |  T.    Adolphi    Trollope 
conjugis  |  quod  mortale  fuit  |  hicjacet.  |  Obitumejus 
fleverunt  omnes  |  quantum  autem  fieri  meruit  |  vir 
eheu  superstes  |  scit  solus.  |  Josefi  Garrow,    Arm. 
filia  |  apud  Torquay  iiiagro  Devon  Anglorum  nata  | 
Florentiae  |  nonum  agens  lustrum  |  ad  plures  abiit  j 
13  die  mensis  Aprilis,  A.D.  1865. 

197.  Richard    Bratton   Adair,  late    Captain   R. 
British  Artillery,  ob.  27  Dec.,  1863,  a.  43. 

198.  Capt.   James    Johnston    McCleverty,    C.B., 
R.N.,  06.  1  March,  1863,  a.  52. 

199.  Joseph  Garrow,  Arm.,  of  Braddon,  Devon, 
b.  in  India,  1789 ;  ob.  1857. 

200.  * ,  brother  to  the  Earl  of  Shannon. 

201.  The  Hon.  Lieut.  -Col.  Gerald  de  Courcy,  4th  s. 
of  the  Right  Hon.  John  de  Courcy,  26th  Lord  Baron 
Kingsale,  and  Susannah  his  w.,  ob.  20  Oct.,  1848. 

202.  William  Augustus  Napier  Kellett,  late  Lieut. 
72nd    Highlanders,    only    s.    of   Capt.    M.  Napier 
Kellett,  of  Renfrewshire,  ob.  May,  18(5)3,  a.  27. 

203.  Robert  Napier   Kellett,    late    Capt.    Royal 
Highlanders,  and  nephew  of  Sir  Rich.  Kellett,  Bt. , 
ob.  Nov.,  18(5)3,  a.  (?). 

204.  Jemima,  only  d.  of  the  late  James  Hunter, 
Esq.,  of  Renfrewshire,  and  wid.  of  the  late  Capt. 
Napier  Kellett,  ob.  5  Sept.,  1854,  a.  50. 

205.  Augusta  Jane,  w.  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Robley,  ob. 
28  Nov.,  1868. 

206.  Orazia  Augusta  Robley,  b.  in  Aldershot ;  ob. 
5  Oct.,  1850,  a.  24,  after  21  months'  marriage  with 
Col.  Filippo  Borghesi. 

207.  E.  B.  B.,  ob.  1861.    No  other  inscription. 

208.  Fanny  Waugh  Hunt,  w.  of  Holman  Hunt,  06. 
20  Dec.,  1866,  in  the  first  year  of  her  marriage. 

209.  The  Hon.  Elizabeth  Carlyon  de  Courcy,  d.  of 
John  Bishop,   Esq.,    w.   of   the    Hon.    Lieut.-Col. 

erald  de  Courcy,  ob.  15  Jan.,  1855. 

210.  Caroline  Buffar  Cracklow,  only  d.  of  David 
and  Mary  Ann  Cracklow,  of  Peckham,  ob.  29  Aug., 
1857,  a.  25. 

211.  Thomas  Browne,  Esq.,  of  London,  b.  at  Hull 
ob.  22  Feb.,  1858,  a.  71. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


212.  Edmund  Wm.  Elton,  4th  s.  of  the  late  Sir 
Charles  A.  Elton,  Bt.,  b.  14  Dec.,  1822;  ob.  2  Dec., 
1859. 

213.  Henry  Yeames,  ob.  at  Baden-Baden,  13  Sept., 
1865,  a.  71. 

214.  Margaret  Ann  Reynolds,  ob.  25  June,  1870. 

215.  Eliza,  2nd  d.  of  the  late  Simeon  Thos.  Bull, 
architect,  of  Holies  St.,  London,  and  of  Gordon 
House,  Kentish  Town,  Midd.,  06.    7  June,   1858, 
a.  29. 

216.  Eleanor  Augusta  Tulk.    No  date. 

217.  *Georgiana,   w.  of  the  Rev.  John ,  ob. 

3  Ap.,  18(34?),  a.  40. 

218.  Elizabeth,  relictof  Major-General  Sir  Lorenzo 
Moore,  C.B.,  K.C.H.,  ob.  7  Dec.,  1849,  a.  70. 

219.  Marv  Spencer  Stanhope,  b.  9  Nov.,  1859 :  ob. 
23  Feb.,  1867. 

220.  Maria  Dorothea,  w.  of  Rich.  Jaffray,  Esq., 
of  Kingswells,  Aberdeenshire,  ob.  20  Jan.,   1859, 
a.  73. 

221.  John  James,   s.  of  Andrew  Smith  Duncan, 
Esq.,   b.  at  Bath;  ob.  at  Florence,  16  May,  1861, 

a.  15  yrs.  7  mths. 

222.  John  Fombelle,  Esq.,  late  of  the  E.I.Co.'s 
Bengal  Civil  Service,  retired  after  a   service  of 
34  yrs.,  ob.  24  Nov.,  1849,  a.  87. 

223.  Helen  Florence,    only  ch.  of    Charles    and 
Helen  Oldham,  b.   at  Rome,  20  Nov.,   1844;   ob. 

6  Nov.,  1845. 

224.  Helen,  d.  of  the  late  Sir  James  Colquhoun, 
of  Luss,  Bt.,  w.  of   John  Page  Reade,  Esq.,   of 
Stutton,  Suff.,  ob.  17  Oct.,  1S52. 

225.  Fanny,   for  23  yrs.  w.  of   Wm.  Wingfield 
Bonnin,    C.E.,    of   Buckingham    St.,   Strand,    ob. 
31  Oct..  1867,  a.  48. 

226.  Pauline.    No  other  inscription. 

227.  Brevet-Major  Charles  Gregorie,  late   Capt. 
13th  Light  Dragoons,  ob.  16  Oct.,  1858,  a.  67. 

228.  Rev.  Geo.  Brickdall  (C)rossman,  ob.  27  Feb., 
1854,  a.  62. 

229.  Julia  Eliza,  youngest  d.  of  William  and  Mary 
Ann  Lowe,  ob.  8  June,  1855,  a.  13. 

230.  Henry  Dunn,  ob.  6  Feb.,  1856,  a.  34. 

231.  Samuel  Lowe,  ob.  20  Ap.,  1877,  a.  81. 

232.  Louisa  Florence,  inf.  d.  of  Wm.  and  Hen- 
rietta Lowe,  b.  22  Sept.,  1857;  ob.  17  Aug.,  1858. 

233.  Henry  Blackmore  Low,  3rd  s.  of   the    late 
John  Low,  Esq.,  of  Spring  House,  co.  Tipperary, 

b.  21  March,  1833;  ob.  7  March,  1846.    Erected  by 
his  mother. 

234.  Luttie,  s.  of  Antonio  and  Emma  Arrighi,  b. 

4  Jan.,  1873,  in  Delaware,  Ohio  ;  ob.  12  Nov.,  1874. 

235.  Hugh  Macdonnell,  Esq.,  ob.  June,  18(41  ?). 

236.  Joseph    Anthony   Pouget,    30   yrs.    in    the 
E.I.Co.'s  service,  ob.  25  July,  1833,  a.  7(7?),  leaving 
a  widow  and  one  son. 

237.  The  Hon.  Frances  Tolley,  relict  of  the  late 
Major  -  General    Henry   Dunbar    Tolley,    C.B.,  b. 
12  Jan.,  1796  ;  ob.  12  Dec.,  1853. 

238.  Harriet,  d.  of  Christopher  B.  and  Elizabeth 
Ludlow,  b.  in  New  York,  1811 ;  ob.  1860. 

239.  Dr.  Delisser,  ob.  4  May,  1844,  a.  48.   Adelaide 
Delisser,  ob.  18  July,  1845,  a.  13.    Ellis  Wm.  De- 
lisser, ob.  14  July,  1845,  a.  19. 

240.  Geraldine  Hathorn,  5th  d.  of  M.  H.  Perceval, 
Esq.,  b.  at  Quebec,  25  Sept.,  1822 ;  ob.  15  May,  1849. 
Erected  by  her  mother,  Anne  Mary  Perceval. 

241.  Simon  Halliday  Johnstone,  eldest  s.  of  Wm. 
Gracie  Johnstone,  of  Garrock,  ob.  9  Feb.,  1837. 

242.  Louise  Catherine  Adelaide,  w.  of  Geo.  B. 
Cumberland,  Capt.  42nd    Royal  Highlanders,  ob. 

7  Dec,  1842,  a.  26. 


243.  Montagu,  ob.  I  Jan.,  1842,  a.  8  mths. ;  Emily, 
ob.  I  Ap.,  1842,  a.  16 ;  children  of  Sir  Charles  and 
Lady  Wake,  of  Courteen  Hall,  Northamptonshire. 

244.  Emily  Wake,  ob.  1  Ap.,  1842,  a.  16.     Erected 
by  her  parents,  Charles  and  Charlotte  Wake. 

'245.  Grenville  Temple,  Bart.,  ob.  18  Feb.,  1829, 

a.  61.    Placed  by  his  children. 

246.  Sophia  Ann,  eldest  d.  of  Capt.  J.  T.  Coffin, 
R.N.,  ob.  at  Siena,  13  Sept.,  1849,  a.  14. 

247.  Anne  Harris,  ob.  3  Ap.,  1830. 

248.  Capt.  James  Chute,  54th  Regt.,  ob.  24  Nov., 
1876,  a.  37.    Erected  by  his  widow,  Eleanor  Chute. 

The  most  westerly  row  of  the  S.  W.  Section  :— 

249.  John  Nesbitt  Maxwell,  Esq.,  M.D.,  A.M., 
Trin.  Coll.  Dublin,  and  F.R.C.S.,  Ireland,  the  last 
surviving  member  of  the  family  of  the  late  Robert 
Maxwell,    Esq.,   of    Clonleigh,    co.    Donegal,    and 
Sumner  Hill,  Dublin,  ob.  14  Feb.,  1874,  a.  67.    Also 
his  w.,  Susannah  Fullerton  Maxwell,  ob.  19  Oct., 
1876,  a.  68. 

250.  Lillie,  only  ch.  of  Wm.  S.  and  F.  E.  Nye,  of 
Marietta,  Ohio,  ob.  15  Jan.,  1873,  a.  21. 

251.  Ida  Augusta  Roeneke.  born  Jackson,  b.   in 
London,  27  Dec.,  1851 ;  ob.  6  Jan.,  1874. 

252.  Annie  Woodhouse,  d.  of  Lionel  Read  Place, 
Esq..  ob.  3  Dec.,  1873,  a.  27. 

253.  Isabella Blagden,  b. 30  June,  1816  ;  ob.  20  Jan., 
1873. 

254.  Maria,  widow   of   Carlo    Ernesto    Susanni, 
youngest  d.  of  Wm.  Lister,  Esq.,  M.D,  b.  8  Dec., 
1806  :  ob.  8  Jan.,  1874. 

255.  Anna  Maria,   widow  of  Inman  Horner,  of 
Virginia,  d.  of  the  late  JosephPeace,  of  Philadelphia, 

b.  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  2  Jan,  1799 ;  ob.  16  June, 
1873. 

256.  Adrian     Edward    Somerset   Marryat,    late- 
officer  of  the  Rifle  Brigade,  ob.  25  Feb.,  187(3?),  a. 
28.     Arms  :  Barry  of  six,  on  a  canton  a  fleur-de-lis, 
impaling    Quarterly,  1  and  4,   three  fleurs-de-lis  •; 
2  and  3,  three  leopards  in  pale. 

257.  Robert  Nicholson,  Esq.,  b.  6  Nov.,  1814;  ob. 
10  Dec.,  1872. 

258.  Charlotte  Emilia,    d.    of   the   Rev.  H.  W.. 
Plumptree,  Rector  of  Eastwood,  Notts,  b.  24  March, 
1843;  oft.  22  Nov..  1872. 

259.  Susan  M.  Dalton,  b.  in  Boston,  25  Ap,  1833  r 
ob.  6  Dec.,  1875. 

260.  Sir     David     Dumbreck,      K.C.B.,      b.     in 
Aberdeenshire,    1805,  Inspector-General  of   Army 
Hospitals,  and  Hon.  Physician  to  the  Queen.  Present 
at  Alma,  Balaklava,  and  Inkerman,  and  at  the  siege- 
of  Sevastopol,  for  which  he  received  the  Crimean 
medal  and    four  clasps,   the  Turkish  medal,  and' 
knighthood    of    the    Order   of    the    Mejidie,    ob. 
24  Jan.,  1876.    Erected  by  his  widow. 

261.  Jane  Miller,  nte.  Dickson,  widow  of  Wm.. 
Coiiway  Gordon,  late  of  H.M.91st  Regt.,  b.  18  Sept. 
1824.  ob.  27  Jan,  1876. 

262.  Elizabeth  Anne,  d.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry 
Morice,  Vicar  of  Ashwell,  Herts,  Canon  of  Lincoln, 
ob.  27  May,  1876,  a.  61. 

263.  The  Rev.  Henry  Greene,  ob.  5  Ap,  1876,  a.  68. 

264.  Margaret  Hoyle.  w.  of  James  Thompson,  of 
Bradford,  Yorks,  b.  19  Sept,  1819,  ob.  24  May,  1876.. 

265.  Hugh  Williams  Jones,  b.  8  Aug.,  1843,  ob. 
27  Nov.,  1876. 

266.  L.V.I,  b.  in  Devonshire,  ob.  14  Dec.,  1876. 
Erected  by  the  mother. 

267.  Mary    Beatrice,    d.    of    James    and    Helenr 
McLeod,  b.  at   Montreal,    Can.,  7  May,  1867,  ob, 
13  Jan.,  1877. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JDLY  n,  im. 


From  the  path  on  the  west  side  at  a  lower  level : — 

268.  Henry  Howell,  of  Birmingham,  drowned  at 
San  Vicenzo,  30  May,  1875,  a.  52. 

269.  Helen,  d.  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Schofield, 
•ob.  30  May,  1875. 

270.  Cornelia  Amory  Goddard  Loririg,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  b.  27  Sept.,  1810;  ob.  15  May,  1875. 

271.  Ina,  d.  of  Ross  Saulter  and  Mary  Holden, 
ob.  19  May,  1875,  a.  18. 

272.  Richard  Gibbons,  Captain  60th  Royal  Rifles, 
•2nd  s.  of  the  late  Sir  John  Gibbons,  Bart.,  of  Stan- 
well  Place,  Midd.,  b.  27  Ap.,  1807 ;  06.  26  Ap.,  1875. 

273.  Louisa,  widow  of  David  Olyphant  King,  ob. 
18  Dec.,  1874. 

274.  Frederica,  youngest  d.  of  the  late  Rev.  James 
Williams,  A.M.,  of  Pendley  Manor,  Herts,  b.  at 
Tring  Park,  Herts,  27  Feb.,  1857 ;  ob.  27  Jan.,  1875. 

275.  Harwick,  eldest  s.  of    Richard  Doncaster, 
Esq.,  of  Middlethorpe,  Newark,  Notts,  late  Captain 
in  H.B.M.'s  Royal  Body-Guard,  ob.  7  Jan.,  1875, 
A.  37. 

276.  Wm.  Fawcett,  of   Mossgill    House,  West- 
morland, ob.  17  Dec.,  1874,  a.  75. 

277.  Harriet,  2nd  d.  of  John  Croft  Brooke  and 
Mary  his  w.,  of  Ansthorpe  Lodge,  Yorks,  b.  18  Jan., 
1830;  ob.  28  Nov.,  1874. 

278.  Elizabeth  Collins  Hanchett,  relict  of  Capt. 
M.  Hanchett,   R.N.,    d.   of    the    Rev.   C.   Rigbye 
•Collins,  of  Bath,  Somt.,  and  of  Sidmouth,  Devon, 
ob.  23  Aug.,  1874. 

279.  Henry  Dorr  Child,  b.  1821,  in  Boston,  U.S.A., 
•ob.  1874.     Erected  by  Addison  Child. 

280.  William,   youngest    s.    of    the    late    George 
Washington  Tremlett,  of  Bristol,  ob.  28  Ap.,  1874, 
.a.  24. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 
18,  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne. 

(To  be,  continued.) 


THE  STRAND  HOTEL. — There  is  an  in- 
teresting revival  of  an  old  name  in  the 
impending  erection  on  the  site  of  Exeter 
Hall  of  a  huge  hotel  which  the  prospectus 
announces  as  "The  New  Strand  Hotel."  The 
name  is  associated  with  an  earlier  under- 
taking, much  on  the  same  lines,  but  situated 
immediately  east  of  St.  Mary-le- Strand, 
a  site  almost  entirely  absorbed  into  the 
widened  Strand.  The  Strand  Hotel  Com- 
pany (capital  100,000?.),  having  purchased 
;a  lease  of  the  site  of  Lyon's  Inn,  sold  in 
December,  1862,  the  building  material, 
&c.,  of  this  and  the  adjoining  property. 
tSee  '  Some  Account  of  the  Parish  of  St. 
•Clement  Danes,'  by  John  Diprose,  i.  180, 
ii.  153  ;  'Walks  and  Talks  about  London,' 
by  Timbs,  pp.  1-7.  The  information  in 
"Old-Time  Aldwych,  the  Kingsway,'  &c., 
l>y  "  Charles  Gordon,"  is  only  a  repetition 
of  Diprose' s  data.) 

The  clearance  involved  by  this  and  subse- 
quent purchases  to  22  March,  1864,  included 
the  told  "  Dog  Tavern,"  and  the  total  area 
provided  was  for  a  southern  block  having 
frontages  of  68ft.  in  the  Strand  and  68ft. 


10  in.  to  Holywell  Street ;  and  a  northern 
block  having  frontages  of  191ft.  6  in.  to 
Wych  Street,  13  ft.  2  in.  to  Newcastle  Street, 
and  180  ft.  to  Holywell  Street.  The  build- 
ings planned  for  these  sites  included  24  shop 
properties  and  a  huge  public  hall,  145ft. 
by  67  ft.,  having  communication  in  the 
basement  with  the  Strand  frontage.  Above 
the  shops  and  hall,  the  hotel — a  superstruc- 
ture of  four  floors — would  provide  nearly 
300  rooms.  There  is  a  copy  of  the  prospectus 
in  the  Guildhall  Library. 

The  scheme  for  several  reasons  did  not 
succeed.  The  hall  and  its  connecting  sub- 
way, the  shops,  and  the  mezzanine  floor 
were  built,  but  not  completed  when  building 
operations  ceased  : — 

"  The  buildings,  exposed  to  the  elements,  com- 
menced to  decay;  massive  walls,  lofty  pillars 
reaching  to  the  roof,  across  which  are  giant  girders 
of  mighty  weight  and  size,  are  all  mouldering  to 
a  state  of  ruin.  The  site  of  Lyon's  Inn  is  still 
the  seat  of  desolation  and  decay."— Diprose,  i.  182. 

Except  for  the  completion  of  the  shops, 
the  first  important  utilization  of  the  site 
was  the  building  in  1868  of  the  Globe 
Theatre.  It  was  opened  on  28  November 
under  the  management  of  Mr.  Sefton  Parry. 
Almost  immediately  afterwards  part  of  the 
huge  cellar  or  excavation  that  was  intended 
for  the  public  hall  was  fitted  as  a  theatre, 
and  on  29  Oct.,  1870,  the  Opera  Comique 
was  opened  with  *  Les  Pres  Saint  Gervais,' 
by  Sardou,  performed  by  the  company 
from  the  Theatre  Dejazet. 

The  subsequent  history  of  these  two 
theatres  need  not  be  detailed.  Neither 
was  of  importance,  although  at  both  several 
memorable  successes  were  attained ;  but 
the  Globe  was  too  small,  and  the  Opera 
Comique  too  much  handicapped  by  position. 
Its  front  entrance  for  stalls  and  balcony 
was  in  the  Strand,  whence  the  mirror-lined 
tunnel  led  to  the  auditorium.  Access  to 
the  gallery  was  obtained  from  Wych  Street ; 
and  all  those  behind  the  footlights  found 
their  way  thither  through  a  narrow  doorway 
in  Newcastle  Street.  When  the  final  clear- 
ance came,  and  these  theatres,  with  all  their 
neighbourhood,  fell  under  the  Holborn 
to  Strand  Improvement,  the  building 
material  of  the  Opera  Comique  was  sold  in 
55  lots  on  31  Jan.,  1901,  and  that  of  the 
Globe  on  12  May,  1903. 

The  shop  property  was  generally  success- 
ful after  1870.  With  the  Holywell  Street 
frontage  of  the  southern  block  Messrs. 
W.  &  A.  Denny  were  associated  until  the 
end.  Journalism  was  represented  in  the 
Strand  front  by*1  The^  London  Reader  and 


10  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  im]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


England  ;  but  the  Wych  Street  side,  subject 
to  many  vicissitudes,  was  at  different  times 
used  as  a  pantechnicon,  cheap  lodging- 
house,  and  offices  under  the  title  of  St. 
Mary's  Chambers. 

Although  the  improvement  is  now  com- 
plete, and  it  only  requires  new  buildings 
to  efface  entirely  all  recollection  of  the  old, 
it  is  still  possible  to  see  recumbent  on  the 
declivities  of  the  island  site  two  brick  piers 
with  stuccoed  rustic  ornamentation,  which 
may  be  authoritatively  identified  as  relics 
of  that  ill-judged  scheme  the  Strand  Hotel. 
ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

'  OLD  MOTHER  HUBBARD  '  :  ITS  AUTHOR. 
—There  are  37  editions  of  this  old  nursery 
rime  in  the  British  Museum  Library, 
ranging  from  the  second  in  1806  to  1892, 
and  including  two  translations  in  1860  [?] 
— one  into  Danish,  and  the  other  into  Dutch. 
There  is  also  a  sequel  by  W.  F.,  which  is 
•a  copy  of  the  style  in  every  respect.  In  a 
recently  published  book  we  get  the  author's 
name  from  a  copy  of  the  first  edition,  which 
is  of  sufficient  interest  to  be  chronicled 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  At  Kitley,  Yealmpton,  co. 
Devon,  the  seat  of  the  Bastard  family,  is 
a  small  volume,  about  four  inches  square, 
illustrated  with  little  woodcuts.  Inside  the 
book  is  this  note  : — 

"  Original  Presentation  Copy  of  '  Mother  Hub- 
"bard,'  written  at  Kitley  by  Sarah  Catherine  Martin, 
and  dedicated  to  John  Pollexfen  Bastard,  M.P. 
Mother  Hubbard  was,  as  is  believed,  the  house- 
keeper at  Kitley  at  that  time." 
Then  follows  the  dedication  : — 

"  To  J.  [P.]  B.  Esq.  M.P.  County  of at  whose 

suggestion  and  at  whose  House  these  Notable 
Sketches  were  designed,  this  V°^ume  ig  with  all 
suitable  deference  Dedicated  by  his  Humble  Servant, 
S.  C.  M.  Published  1  June  1805."— Warner's 
•*  History  of  Yealmpton,'  p.  94. 

The  initial  P.  does  not  occur  in  the  second 
edition,  consequently  I  have  placed  it  in 
brackets.  It  is  possible  the  skit  was  under- 
stood by  the  members  of  the  family  at  the 
time,  though  the  meaning  is  now  lost. 

The  dedication  of  the  sequel  is  as  follows  : 

"  To  P.  A.  County  of at  whose  suggestion  these 

Notable  Sketches  were  designed :  This  Volume  is 
with  all  suitable  deference  Dedicated  by  her  most 
Immble  Servant,  W.  F." 

The  text  and  illustrations  are  quite  equal 
to  the  original.  AYEAHR. 

RUSHLIGHTS. — An  old  man  living  at 
Horley  in  the  beginning  of  this  century 
remembered  the  "  cast-iron "  dish  in  use 
for  holding  the  grease  through  which  rushes 
were  drawn  "  a  dozen  times  backwards 
pnd  forwards."  It  rested  on  what  he  called 


"  bran-dogs."  I  have  a  rough  sketch  of 
this,  drawn  from  his  description.  Con- 
firmative of  this,  Aubrey,  in  1673,  says  that 
at  Ockley  in  Surrey  '"the  people  draw  peeled 
rushes  through  melted  grease,  which  yields 
a  sufficient  light  for  ordinary  use,  is  very 
cheap  and  useful,  and  burns  long."  These 
rushlights  were  fixed  in  stands  made  for 
the  purpose,  some  of  which  were  high,  to 
stand  in  the  ground,  and  some  low,  on  the 
table.  These  stands  had  an  iron  part 
something  like  a  pair  of  pliers,  and  the 
rush  was  shifted  forward  from  time  to  time 
as  it  burnt  down  in  the  two  closing  parts 
that  held  it  (see  Cobbett's  'Cottage  Eco- 
nomy'). Cobbett  was  "bred  and  brought 
up  mostly  by  rushlight,"  and  he  did  not  find 
that  he  saw  less  clearly  than  other  people. 
The  rush-holder  was  in  some  parts  known 
as  "  Tom  Candlestick,"  an  upright  pole, 
&c.,  with  pincers  at  its  head  to  hold  candles 
(Hodgson  MS.,  quoted  in  Heslop's  '  North- 
umberland Glossary '  ;  see  also  examples 
in  the  City  Museum,  Guildhall). 

Decayed  labourers,  women  and  children 
used  to  gather  the  rushes  late  in  summer. 
As  soon  as  they  were  cut  they  were  flung 
into  water  and  kept  there  ;  otherwise  they 
would  dry  and  shrink,  and  the  peel  would 
not  run,  that  is,  the  bark  could  not  be 
stripped  from  the  pith.  Of  this  bark,  how- 
ever, one  small  strip  was  left  to  hold  the 
Eith  together.  When  peeled,  they  must  be 
leached  on  grass  and  take  the  dew  for  some 
nights,  after  which  they  were  dried  in  the 
sun  (see  Southey's  '  Commonplace  Book,' 
2nd  series,  p.  350).  Rushlights  were  known 
to  the  Romans  (vide  Fosbroke's  'Encyclo- 
paedia of  Antiquities,'  vol.  i.  p.  229  ;  and 
Pliny,  xvi.  37). 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

"THE  UPPER  THAMES." — It  may  be 
worth  noting  that  under  the  new  division 
of  the  river  between  the  Port  of  London 
authority  and  a  new  Board  for  "  the  Upper 
Thames,"  the  latter  term  will  mean  the 
river  above  Teddington.  Formerly  the  Port 
of  London  used  to  extend  to  Staines,  and 
the  law  of  the  Thames  in  several  matters — 
as,  for  example,  fishery  and  the  towing- 
path — is  and  will  continue  different  below 
Staines  from  what  it  is  above.  Once  upon 
a  time,  however,  there  were  two  bodies  of 
rulers,  afterwards  brought  together  in  the 
Conservancy ;  and  the  Upper  Thames  Navi- 
gation meant  the  river  above  a  much  higher 
point  than  Staines  itself,  probably  not 
always  the  same  point — at  one  time  Reading. 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       rio  s.  x.  JULY  n,  im 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SIB  GEORGE  SOMERS,  1554-1610. — On  the 
25th  of  this  month,  the  299th  anniversary 
of  the  shipwreck  which  brought  about  the 
colonization  of  the  Bermudas,  a  handsome 
memorial  brass,  by  Singers  of  Frome,  will 
be  unveiled  in  the  historic  church  of  White- 
church  Canonicorum,  Dorset,  where  the 
gallant  sailor  Sir  George  Somers  was  buried 
in  July,  1611.  The  funds  for  its  erection 
have  been  collected  by  General  Sir  H.  Le 
Guay  Geary,  K.C.B.,  ex-Governor  of  Ber- 
mudas, the  Rev.  H.  Stubbs,  and  the  Rev. 
A.  Welch,  the  last  being  the  present  Vicar 
of  Whitechurch.  The  Bermudians  con- 
template a  Somers  pageant  for  the  approach- 
ing tercentenary. 

Somers  is  essentially  a  Dorset  worthy. 
He  was  M.P.  for  Lyme  Regis  in  1603-4, 
and  Mayor  of  that  town  in  1605.  His  heart 
was  buried  in  the  Bermudas,  but  his  nephew 
Matthew  Somers  brought  his  body  home, 
and  the  entry  of  its  burial  is  clearly  recorded 
in  the  Whitechurch  registers.  In  all  pro- 
bability he  was  interred  below  the  chantry 
which  belonged  to  his  manor  house  of 
Bearne  or  Berne,  and  is  now  used  as  a  vestry. 
A  great  portion  of  Somers' s  abode  is  still 
in  existence,  although  the  front  is  modern- 
ized. Besides  the  Whitechurch  property, 
he  left  three  messuages  in  Lyme  Regis  and 
the  manor  of  Upwey,  "  alias  Waybay 
House."  His  estate  was  bequeathed  to 
Matthew  Somers,  although  a  cousin  Nicholas 
Somers  was  stated  heir-at-law.  There  are 
portraits  of  Somers  and  his  wife  in  existence, 
painted  by  Vansomer. 

I  am  anxious  (1)  to  discover  whether 
Sir  George  Somers  married  once  or  twice, 
as  the  name  of  his  wife  is  stated  to  be 
Joanna,  whereas  on  the  portrait  she  is 
described  as  Winifred  ;  (2)  to  be  able  to 
identify  clearly  the  manor  of  Up  way,  "  alias 
Weybay  [sic]  House "  ;  (3)  to  learn  some 
details  of  Rose,  daughter  of  Sir  George 
Somers,  and  of  her  marriage  to  a  member 
of  the  Bellamy  family,  as  the  Somers 
portraits  are  still  in  possession  of  their 
descendants  or  kinsmen  ;  and  (4)  to  ascer- 
tain if  any  descendants  of  Matthew  or 
Nicholas  Somers  are  in  existence.  (5)  If 
Sir  George  Somers  married  twice,  it  would 
be  interesting  to  know  whether  his  daughter 
was  the  child  of  Joanna  or  Winifred  Somers. 


Any  other  particulars  of  the  Dorset  family 
of  Somers  and  its  connexion  with  the 
Bellamys  would  be  gratefully  received. 

A.  M.  BROADLEY. 
The  Knapp,  Bradpole,  Bridport. 

WINDLE  FAMILY. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  information  about  the- 
Windle  family  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century  ?  I  believe  they  came  originally 
from  Lancashire,  and  used  for  arms  Azure, 
a  lion  rampant  argent ;  crest,  a  demi-lion,. 
in  the  dexter  paw  a  shield  ;  and  they  quar- 
tered Maxwell  of  Monreith.  Replies  may 
be  sent  to  me  direct.  MRS.  SAINTHILL. 

East  Worlington,  N.  Devon. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

Guests  of  the  ages,  at  To-morrow's  door 
Why  shrink  we  ?    The  long  track  behind  us  lies  ; 
The  lamps  gleam  and  the  music  throbs  before, 
Bidding  us  enter  ;  and  I  count  him  wise 
Who  loves  so  well  man's  noble  memories, 
He  needs  must  love  man's  nobler  hopes  yet  more. 
ANGUS  MACDONALD. 

Where  can  I  find  the  line  (referring  to 
onion  in  a  salad) — 

And,  half  detected,  animate  the  whole? 

ALFRED  WEBB. 

ANONYMOUS  WORKS.  —  Who  was  the- 
author  of  the  following  book  ? 

"  Animadversions  upon  a  Letter  and  Paper,  first 
sent  to  his  Highness  by  certain  gentlemen  and 
others  in  Wales  :  And  since  printed,  and  published 
to  the  world  by  some  of  the  Subscribers.  By  one 
whose  desire  and  endeavor  is  to  preserve  peace  and 
safety,  by  removing  offence  arid  enmity.  Printed 
in  the  year  1656." 

It  is  a  small  quarto  of  (iv)-f  104  pp. 

A.  B.  C. 

"  Marriage  Rites,  Customs,  and  Ceremonies  of 
the  Nations  of  the  Universe."  Signed  A.  H.  1824. 

F.  G.  H. 

MASON  OF  STAPLETON,  GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
— Wanted  information  of  the  ancestors  of 
Dr.  Joseph  Mason  of  the  parish  of  Staple- 
ton,  Gloucestershire,  born  1711,  died 
28  Sept.,  1779.  He  married  three  times,, 
his  third  wife  being  Sarah  Collins,  b.  1709. 
He  owned  much  property  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Bristol,  and  was  a  great  philan- 
thropist. Arms  used  by  him  :  lion  rampant 
gules.  Is  there  any  mention  of  him  in 
the  Rev.  Francis  Bromby's  '  Hist.  Norfolk,' 
William  Mason  of  Necton  Hall  bearing  the- 
same  crest  ?  No  information  required  of 
the  descendants  of  the  above  Dr.  Mason. 

What  arms  were  borne  by  Robert  Mason, 
Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Tedstone  Delamere,. 


io  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


Herefordshire,  b.  1621,  d.  April,  1684,  mar- 
ried Hester ?  George  Mason,  supposed 

son  of  above,  of  Allensmore  Manor,  d.  1720, 
married  Dorothy  Crump,  daughter  of  Sir 
Richard  Crump.  P.  M.  M.  C. 

COL.  MOMPESSON. — Could  you  tell  me 
anything  about  Col.  John  Mompesson,  of 
the  King's  or  8th  Regiment  of  Foot,  and 
I  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  ? 
He  died  3  Oct.,  1768,  aged  46,  and  was 
buried  in  Weaverham  Church.  A  tablet  to 
his  memory  was  erected  by  Jenny  Gambier 
and  Frances  Oliver,  his  only  surviving 
daughters.  I  should  be  glad  to  know 
whether  any  representatives  of  this  family 
are  living,  and  also  whether  they  are  con- 
nected with  the  well-known  Mompesson 
Vicar  of  Eyam.  FRANCIS  LONG. 

Weaverham  Vicarage,  Northwich. 

DICKENS  ON  "  HALF-BAPTIZED." — In  'The 
Old  Curiosity  Shop,'  ch.  xlvii.,  the  single 
gentleman  asks  Mrs.  Nubbles  about  her 
children,  "  Are  they  christened  ?  "  and 
receives  the  answer,  "  Only  half -baptized 
as  yet,  sir,"  whereupon  he  says,  "I'm  god- 
father to  both  of  'em."  WTiat  does  this 
mean  ?  Does  it  refer  to  a  private  baptism 
in  contrast  to  the  reception  into  the  Church 
afterwards  ?  Of  this,  I  think,  there  has 
been  no  other  indication. 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

COXE  OF  CLENT  AND  SWYNFORD,  co. 
WORCESTER. — I  wish  to  learn  the  connexion 
between  Coxe  of  Clent  and  Swynford, 
and  Thomas  Cox  of  Crowle,  eldest  son  of 
Thomas  Cocks  of  Bishops  Cleeve,  who  died 
1601.  He  married  Elizabeth  Holland 
(Lancashire),  and  left  ten  sons  and  three 
daughters.  The  sons  appear  to  have  owned 
properties  in  various  parts  of  Worcester- 
shire and  Herefordshire.  Thomas  Coxe 
of  Clent  married  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 


Rotton(?),  co.  Warwick.  John  Coxe,  his 
eldest  son,  born  Feb.,  1578,  d.  1644,  married 
Dorothy,  dau.  of  John  Nash  of  Rushock, 
co.  Worcester.  Their  son  John  Coxe  married 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  Vernon,  Rector  of 
Hanbury,  Cheshire,  and  died  1705,  aged 
seventy-five.  They  were  both  buried  in 
Clent  Church,  and  there  is  a  monument 
to  their  memory.  Their  eldest  son  John 
was  living  in  1750.  Whom  did  he  marry — 
Mary  Dickings  ?  His  sister  Susannah  mar- 
ried Edward  Ingram  of  Clifton-on-Teme, 
co.  Worcester,  and  a  son  Joseph,  a  barrister, 
bapt.  March,  1677,  d.  1737,  is  buried  in 
Kidderminster. 


Wstated  also  the  date  of  marriage  of  Mary, 
dau.  of  William  Amphlett  of  Clent,  to 
William  Cox  of  Claines,  a  grandson  of 
Thomas  Cocks  of  Claines.  A  reference  is 
made  in  the  pedigree  of  Bague  of  Brettell 
and  Swynford  to  Thomas  Cocks,  but  I 
cannot  find  it. 

The  name  Coxe  is  so  differently  spelt  in 
apparent  branches  of  the  same  family,  it  is 
difficult  to  connect  from  one  generation  to 
another.  The  family  of  Cocks  are  said  to 
have  migrated  from  Kent  temp.  Henry  VIII., 
when  they  were  of  some  importance.  Would 
this  be  Cocks  Hall,  near  Sandgate  ? 

P.  M.  M.  C. 

EARLY  LAW  TERMS. — In  going  through 
the  earlier  Feet  of  Fines  one  meets  with 
plaintiff,  deforciant,  impedient,  tenant, 
claimant,  querent,  &c.,  as  descriptive  of  the 
legal  relationship  of  the  parties  concerned 
in  the  lawsuit.  From  the  use  of  any  par- 
ticular one  of  these  terms  can  any  inference 
be  drawn  as  to  (1)  the  exact  family  relation- 
ship of  the  parties  (father,  son,  parties 
contracting  marriage),  (2)  the  character  of 
the  case  (friendly  or  otherwise),  (3)  the  nature 
of  this  action  at  law,  t.e.,  whether  a  matter 
of  dower,  sale,  pure  gift,  a  younger  son's 
portion,  a  son's  allowance  during  the  life 
of  his  father,  a  grant  for  limited  term,  &c.  ? 
DEN  A  GERNOW. 

BASSET,  ENGLEFIELD,  BASEVIL,  AND 
ANVERS. — I  should  be  glad  to  know  what 
relationship  existed  between  Robert  de 
Anvers  and  Muriel  his  wife  on  the  one 
hand,  and  either  Gilbert  de  Basevil  or  Alan 
Basset  on  the  other. 

I  should  also  be  glad  to  know  the  exact 
relationship  between  William  de  Englefield 
and  any  of  the  above.  These  people  were 
parties  to  Fines  in  1241  in  the  counties  of 
Cornwall,  Oxon,  and  Sussex. 

J.  HAMBLEY  ROWE,  M.B. 

"  WHIFF,"  A  BOAT. — Where  can  one  find  a 
description  of  a  small  boat  (sort  of  canoe) 
called  a  whiff,  said  to  have  been  first  made 
and  used  upon  the  Thames  ?  As  the  name 
of  a  boat,  "  whiff  "  does  not  occur  in  Prof. 
Wright's  'English  Dialect  Dictionary';  at 
least  I.  failed  to  see  it  recorded  in  this  sense, 
both  in  the  main  work  and  in  the  Supple- 
ment. H.  KREBS. 
Oxford. 

"  THURCET."— Gilbert  White  in  his  '  Anti- 
quities of  Selborne '  (Letter  vii.)  tells  us  that 
the  Prior  of  Selborne  "  challenged  the  right 
of  pillory,  thurcet,  and  furcas,  and  every 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  11,  im 


manorial  privilege."  What  is  the  meaning 
of  "  thurcet "  ?  In  Letter  xxvi.  the  word 
in  the  same  context  is  spelt  "  thurset." 
Is  it  a  misprint  for  thew,  an  old  law  term, 
which  is  rendered  in  the  *  Promptorium  '  by 
"  collistrigium  "  ?  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

Oxford. 

MRS.  BREMAR'S  LADIES'  SCHOOL,  BLACK- 
HEATH  HILL. — I  have  a  silver  medal,  dated 
1794,  presented  to  Mile.  Owen.  On  the 
obverse  is  a  lady,  representing  Minerva, 
pointing  out  to  a  young  girl  a  temple  at  the 
top  of  a  steepish  hill.  Does  any  one  know 
anything  of  that  school  ?  E.  O. 

"  THE  PROTECTOR'S  HEAD,"  INN  SIGN. — 
I  once  read  an  old  novel ;  the  title  I  cannot 
remember,  but  the  time  in  which  the  cha- 
racters nourished  was  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  An  inn  is  mentioned 
therein  whose  sign  was  "  The  Protector's 
Head."  Are  any  such  signs  known  to  have 
been  in  existence  during  the  rule  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  ?  ASTARTE. 

MILTON  AND  CHRIST'S  COLLEGE,  CAM- 
BRIDGE.— I  have  read  somewhere  that 
Milton  was  "vomited"  out  of  his  college. 
Can  any  one  give  me  the  reference  ? 

STAPLETON  MARTIN. 

The  Firs,  Norton,  Worcester. 

"  MESCHIANZA." — In  a  biography  of  '  Re- 
becca Franks,'  by  Max  J.  Kohler,  A.M.,  LL.B., 
New  York,  1894,  the  following  passage 
occurs  : — 

"The  'Meechianza  was  a  gorgeous  fete  given  to 
General  Howe  before  his  departure  from  Phila- 
delphia in  1778,  and  at  which  Major  Andre  was  a 
presiding  genius." 

Whatsis  the  origin  of  the  word  "  Mes- 
chianza"  ?  ISRAEL  SOLOMONS. 

"  COCK-FOSTER."  —  The  Athenceum  of 
30  May,  p.  663,  has  some  interesting  refer- 
ences to  "  cockpit." 

*  N.E.D.,'  in  connexion  with  the  word 
cocker,"  has  "  one  who  breeds  or  trains 
game-cocks";  "  d.  fig.  to  foster,  indulge 
(an  appetite,  idea,  hope,  evil,  &c.)"  ;  also 
'  N.E.D.'  has  "  Cock-master.  One  who 
rears  game-cocks."  Holden's  'Directory,' 
dated  1805,  has  London,  "  West— farmer 
and  cock-foster,  Endfield-chace."  Does  the 
word  "  cock-foster  "  appear  in  any  glossary  ? 

PETER  QUIVEL,  BISHOP  OP  EXETER. — In 
his  Report  on  the  MSS.  of  the  Bishop  of 
Exeter  published  last  year  ('  Report  on  MSS. 
in  Various  Collections/  vol.  iv.  p.  '18,  Hist. 


MSS.  Comm.)  Mr.  R.  L.  Poole  refers  to  an 
appropriation  by  Bishop  Peter  of  Exeter 
of  the  church  of  Wydecombe  to  the  Dean 
and  Chapter,  dated  3  Feb.,  1283/4 ;  and 
in  a  note  states,  regarding  the  bishop's 
surname,  that  "  the  spelling  in  the  Register 
[f.  xxv.)  is  unmistakably  Quinel." 

In  the  same  gentleman's  Report  on  the 
MSS.  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Exeter 
(ibid.,  p.  50)  mention  is  made  of  a  grant  of 
about  the  year  1160,  by  Probushomo  son 
of  Segar,  to  two  saddlers,  Richard  and 
William,  of  land  in  St.  Martin's  Street,  one 
of  the  witnesses  being  Alfred  Quinel,  con- 
cerning whose  name  a  note  is  appended 
stating  that  "  both  here  and  in  No.  49  the 
name  is  clearly  Quinel,  not  Quiuel,"  No.  49 
being  the  record  of  a  grant  dated  12  March, 
1263,  by  John  of  Henleg'  to  Richard  de 
Boscoarso  (probably  Brentwood),  of  a  shop 
"  in  magno  vico  Exonie,"  and  a  tenement 
between  that  shop  and  the  wall  by  which 
the  churchyard  of  St.  Peter  is  enclosed, 
and  which  extends  from  the  chapel  of  SS. 
Simon  and  Jude  westward  to  the  house 
of  John  Quinel,  chaplain  of  St.  Peter  the 
Little,  eastward  (ibid.,  69). 

As  regards  the  two  latter  persons,  their 
name  may  or  may  not  have  been  Quinel, 
as  Mr.  Poole  reads  it ;  but  with  regard  to 
Bishop  Peter,  his  name  has  for  many  years 
been  written  Quivel,  Quivil,  or  Quivell, 
as  in  Jenkins's  'Hist.  Exeter,'  ed.  2  (1841), 
p.  249.  Seeing  how  difficult  it  usually  is 
to  distinguish  a  written  u  from  an  n  in  early 
MSS.,  those  interested  in  the  Devonshire 
diocese  would  doubtless  be  glad  of  some 
information  as  to  the  nature  of  the  distinc- 
tion in  the  case  under  consideration  which 
enables  Mr.  Poole  to  state  with  absolute 
certainty  that  the  familiar  Quivil  is  to  give 
place  to  the  unfamiliar  Quinel. 

JAMES  DALLAS. 

VIGO  BAY,  1702-19. — Can  any  one  inform 
me  as  to  the  best  authorities  to  consult  with 
regard  to  the  English  regiments  engaged, 
and  their  lists  of  killed  and  wounded,  at  the 
actions  at  Vigo  Bay,  viz.,  in  1702,  under 
Sir  George  Rooke,  and  in  1719,  under,  I 
think,  General  Stanhope  ?  R.  M. 

STTJFFED  CHINE. — In  which  of  the  English 
counties  is  the  comestible  known  as  "  stuffed 
chine"  prepared?  Is  it  restricted  to  the 
shires,  where  the  Danes  settled  in  great 
numbers  ?  A  Leicestershire  lady  tells  me 
that  it  and  frumerty  are  eaten  at  sheep- 
shearing  suppers  in  Leicestershire,  or  were 
while  old  customs  were  kept  up.  N.  U. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  1.908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


NONCONFORMIST    BURIAL-GROUNDS 

AND  GRAVESTONES. 
(10  S.  ix.  188,  333,  297,  336,  434.) 

MR.  S.  L.  PETTY' s  inquiry  as  to  names 
appearing  on  Quaker  gravestones  may  be 
answered  by  the  following  extract  from 
4  The  Diaries  of  Edward  Pease,'  by  Sir 
Alfred  E.  Pease,  Bart.  (London,  1907), 
p.  27  :— 

"Vaults  are  rare  n  Friends'  families.  Tomb- 
stones have  comparatively  recently  been  permitted, 
and  no  epitaphs  are  allowed,  nor  are  the  grave- 
atones  permitted  to  be  ornamental.  In  all  Quaker 
graveyards  they  are  of  a  uniform  plain  type.  At 
first  only  a  flat  stone  on  the  grave  was  allowed, 
with  names  and  dates.  Now  headstones  of  a  simple 
pattern  have  been  permitted." 

In  the  early  history  of  the  Society  some 
laxity  appears  to  have  crept  in,  for  we  read 
in  J.  W.  Steel's  '  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  in  Newcastle  and  Gates- 
head1  (London,  1899),  p.  40,  that  in  1703 
"  the  many  gravestones  that  Shields  Friends 
have  in  their  burying-ground "  caused 
concern,  and  their  removal  was  ordered 
"  with  consent  of  parties  concerned."  The 
writer  adds  that  the  Shields  Friends  did 
not  wish  to  remove  them,  but  said  they 
would  discontinue  the  practice  of  putting 
them  up. 

At  the  Yearly  Meeting  in  1825  liberty  was 
granted  to  the  Friends  in  Newcastle  and  dis- 
trict to  have  gravestones  20  in.  by  30  in. 
and  6  in.  thick.  But  not  a  single  Quaker 
family  in  Newcastle  made  use  of  it,  and 
their  burying-ground,  containing  over  400 
bodies,  remains  plain  and  unencumbered. 
Since  it  was  closed,  however,  the  various 
town  cemeteries  have  been  utilized,  and  in 
them  Friends  have  erected  tombstones  as 
it  pleased  them.  RICHARD  WELFOBD. 

The  following  extracts  from -a  work  rarely 

seen  by  others  than  those  who  are  members 

of  the  Society  of  Friends — i.e.,  'The  Book  of 

Christian  Discipline  ' — may  be  of  interest : — 

"  BURIALS  AND  MOURNING  HABITS. 

"4.  This  Meeting,  after  serious  and  deliberate 
consideration  of  the  subject,  is  of  the  judgment, 
that  our  religious  Society  has  a  sound  Christian 
testimony  to  bear  against  the  erection  of  monu- 
ments, as  well  as  against  all  inscriptions  of  a 
eulogistic  character,  over  the  graves  of  their  de- 
ceased friends.  Nevertheless,  it  is  of  the  opinion 
that  it  is  no  violation  of  such  testimony  to  place 
over  or  beside  a  grave  a  plain  stone,  the  inscription 
on  which  is  confined  to  a  simple  record  of  the  name, 
age,  and  date  of  the  decease  of  the  individual 


interred.  The  object  in  this  instance  is  simply  to 
define  the  position  of  the  grave,  with  a  view  to  the 
satisfaction  of  surviving  relatives,  and  the  pre- 
venting of  its  premature  reopening. 

"Friends  are  therefore  left  at  liberty  to  adopt  the 
use  of  such  stones  in  any  of  our  burial-grounds  ;  it 
being  distinctly  understood  that,  in  all  cases,  they 
are  to  be  put  down  under  the  direction  of  the 
Monthly  Meeting  ;  so  that  in  each  particular  burial- 
ground,  such  a  uniformity  may  be  preserved  as  may 
effectually  guard  against  any  distinction  being 
made  in  that  place  between  the  rich  and  the  poor. 
—1850, 1861,  1883." 

A.  R.  WALLER. 

I  have  met  with  many  headstones  with 
merely  the  initials  and  date  of  the  person 
buried,  but  until  I  made  a  visit  to  the 
republic  of  Andorra  in  the  Pyrenees,  between 
France  and  Spain,  I  never  saw  any  burial- 
grounds  without  tombstones  to  mark  a 
person's  place  of  burial.  There  were  no 
tombstones  or  inscriptions ;  the  burial- 
grounds  were  enclosed  near  the  churches. 
.  HUBERT  SMITH  STANIER. 

Whatever  MR.  S.  L.  PETTY  may  have 
observed  to  the  contrary  in  Quaker  burial- 
grounds  in  the  North,  here  at  Exeter  the 
fifty-six  modest  headstones  marking  the 
graves  of  members  of  that  particular  sect, 
still  in  existence  in  their  graveyard,  are  all 
inscribed,  although,  as  a  rule,  briefly.  A 
fair  tablet  in  the  porch  of  the  chapel  records  : 

"The  first  Meeting  House  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  in  Exeter  stood  here  from  1690  to  1852, 
when  it  was  sold.  A  second,  built  by  the  Society 
on  Friar's  Walk  in  1835,  was  also  sold  in  1869.  This 
site  was  afterwards  repurchased,  and  the  present 
structure  was  erected  in  1876." 
Framed  in  an  upper  room,  known  as  the 
library,  is  an  interesting  old  print  repre- 
senting the  original  structure,  whilst  in  its 
foreground  are  seen  several  members  of 
the  community,  male  and  female,  wearing 
their  particular  form  of  dress.  Although, 
as  the  tablet  explains,  the  Friends  disposed 
of  their  place  of  worship  in  1852,  and  cer- 
tainly for  the  succeeding  twenty-four  years 
held  services  elsewhere,  the  old  burial-ground 
has  always  been  sacredly  preserved,  and  an 
inspection  of  the  more  than  half  a  hundred 
headstones  it  contains  quite  upsets  A.  N.  Q.'s 
impression,  as  well  as  MR.  J.  BAVTNGTON 
JONES'S  statement  (at  10  S.  ix.  233)  that 
the  Society  of  Friends  did  not  allow  memo- 
rial stones  until  1851.  Nor  was  any  atten- 
tion (at  least  here  in  Exeter)  paid  to  a  rule 
laid  down  in  that  year  specifying  that  "plain 
York  or  Portland  stones,  not  exceeding 
3  ft.  in  length  and  2  ft.  in  breadth,  were 
to  be  laid  flat  and  uniformly  on  the  middle 
of  the  graves."  In  the  first  place,  I  know 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  n, 


of  no  memorial  stone  at  all  in  any  burial- 
ground  in  the  West  Country  made  of  York 
stone,  and,  secondly,  all  those  in  the  Exeter 
Quaker  cemetery  stand  perpendicular,  with 
their  bases  deeply  sunk  in  the  ground.  The 
oldest  dated  memorial  here  is  a  large  stone, 
upon  which  may  be  read : — 

"Thomas  Sanders  of  this  City,  merchant,  de- 
parted this  life  the  2nd  day  of  the  2nd  month 
(called  February),  1763.  And,  at  his  pressing  Re- 
quest, the  remains  of  his  Wife,  Sarah,  the  daughter 
of  Michael  Lee  Dicker  and  of  Alice  his  Wife,  were 
removed  from  the  Family  Cave  in  this  Burial  - 
Ground  and  deposited  here  by  the  side  of  her 
Husband.  Also  the  body  of  Sarah  Maria  Sanders, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  Sanders,  who  de- 
parted this  life  the  17th  of  May,  1777." 

Two  other  memorials  simply  possess 
initials,  one  "  A.  L.  R.,"  the  second  (a 
very  ancient  Dartmoor  granite  headstone) 
"  M.  G."  A  few  others  possess  the  initial 
letters  with  a  date  beneath.  These  read 
respectively  :  "  W.  I.  1779,"  "  I.  W.  1781," 
"I.  W.  1783,"  "I.  C.  1785,"  and  "  J.  A. 
1871."  Yet  another  is  inscribed,  "  Sm  Wil- 
liams, 1799,"  whilst  five  other  stones  to 
as  many  different  members  of  the  Williams 
family — but  bearing  rather  fuller  details — 
stand  close  by. 

The  Quaker  body,  like  the  Jews,  are  not 
much  in  evidence  in  Exeter.  The  most 
modern  stone  that  appears  to  have  beetn 
erected  in  this  sweetly  pretty  God's  acre  is 
lettered : — 

"Ann  Priscilla,  Wife  of  Robert  Dymond,  died 
28th  of  4th  month,  1864,  aged  62.  Robert  Dymond, 
died  4th  of  9th  month,  1866,  aged  68.  Emma  Anne 
Dymond,  daughter  of  the  above,  died  18th  of  4th 
month,  1905,  aged  65.  Francis  Williams  Dymond. 
Born  19th  of  llth  month,  1825,  died  9th'  of  9th 
month,  1907." 

In  immediate  proximity  to  this  upright 
stone  are  five  others,  all  inscribed  to  the 
memory  of  various  members  of  the  same 
family. 

It  is  worthy  of  record  that  Emma  A. 
Dymond  and  Francis  W.  Dymond — both 
beloved,  as  I  can  personally  testify,  by  all 
who  knew  them — passed  away  after  the  time 
when  burials  in  this  city's  graveyards  were 
prohibited.  To  overcome  the  difficulty  of 
interment,  therefore,  they  were,  in  succes- 
sion, cremated  at  Woking,  and  their  ashes 
afterwards  deposited  in  the  grave  in  question. 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 


SURREY  GARDENS  (10  S.  ix.  490).— MR. 
JODE  will  find  a  good  deal  of  valuable 
information  relating  to  these  gardens  in 
Mr.  Warwick  Wroth's  *  Cremorne  and  the 


Later  London  Gardens,'  1907,  pp.  83-92. 
It  may  be  noted  that  the  exact  date  of  the 
opening  of  the  gardens,  which  is  not  given 
by  Mr.  Wroth,  was  13  August,  1831.  The 
old  Zoological  Gardens  were  sold  in  1856, 
and  were  reopened  in  the  July  of  that  year, 
the  adjective  "  Zoological "  being  dropped, 
and  the  property  becoming  known  simply 
as  "  The  Royal  Surrey  Gardens."  A  mag- 
nificent music  hall  was  built  in  the  grounds, 
which  was  called  "  The  Royal  Surrey  Music 
Hall";  but  this  edifice  was  burnt  down 
on  Tuesday,  11  June,  1861.  A  portion  of 
the  roof  was  under  repair,  and  it  was  sup- 
posed that  the  plumbers  had  left  a  portable 
firepan  burning  while  they  went  to  dinner. 
This  misfortune  proved  the  death-blow  of 
the  gardens.  They  were  "  opened  again," 
to  borrow  the  words  of  E.  L.  Blanchard  in 
The  Era  Almanac  for  1871,  p.  4, 

"in  1862  with  a  picture  of  the  City  and  Bay  of 
Naples,  and  a  variety  of  miscellaneous  amuse- 
ments, but  the  place  had  lost  its  popularity,  and 
soon  after  its  grounds  were  more  advantageously 
occupied  as  the  temporary  hospital  of  St.  Thomas." 

When  the  hospital  buildings  were  completed 
on  their  present  site  in  1871,  the  gardens 
reverted  to  their  former  uses  ;  but  they 
merely  dragged  on  a  lingering  existence, 
and  the  property  was  sold  for  building 
purposes  in  1877.  In  March,  1878,  a  boxing 
entertainment  was  given  in  the  theatre, 
and  very  shortly  afterwards  the  house- 
breakers were  set  to  work,  and  the  grounds 
were  covered  over  with  streets  built  in  the 
style  which  is  familiar  to  the  traveller  who 
enters  London  by  one  of  its  southern 
portals.  W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

These  Gardens  were  first  opened  as  a 
pleasure  resort,  under  the  title  of  the  Surrey 
Zoological  Gardens,  on  13  August,  1831,  by 
Mr.  Edward  Cross,  who  brought  a  menagerie 
there  from  Exeter.  On  15  July,  1856,  the 
large  Music  Hall  was  opened  in  the  grounds. 
It  cost  18,000?.  and  held  13,000  persons.  A 
grand  concert  was  conducted  by  Jullien, 
who  produced  *  The  Messiah,'  among  the 
soloists  being  Clara  Novello,  Miss  Dolby, 
Sims  Reeves,  and  other  eminent  vocalists. 
On  the  19th  of  the  following  October  there 
was  a  false  alarm  of  fire  while  Spurgeon 
was  preaching  at  this  hall,  seven  persons 
being  killed  and  upwards  of  fifty  injured. 
The  Guards  were  feasted  in  this  hall  on 
25  August,  1856,  on  their  return  from  the 
Crimea.  On  11  June,  1861,  it  was  burnt 
down,  but  speedily  rebuilt ;  and  in  the 
following  year  it  was  utilized  for  the  recep- 
tion of  patients  from  St.  Thomas's  Hospital. 


io  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


The  Gardens  were,  I  think,  finally  closed 
some  time  in  1877,  for  on  6  February,  1878, 
the  ground  was  purchased  by  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Dudley  for  building  purposes  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Newington  Vestry. 

WlLLOTJGHBY   MAYCOCK. 

See  The  Mirror,  vol.  xviii.  (origin  of  the 
Gardens)  and  vol.  xix.  p.  2  (i.e.,  1831  and 
1832).  Mr.  Wroth  in  his  '  London  Pleasure 
Gardens,'  1896,  gives  the  dates  of  the 
Gardens'  existence  as  being  from  1831  to 

18-56.  J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

"  SABABITICKE  "    (10    S.    ix.    488). — May 
not    this    be    the    poet's    orthography    for 
Sybaritic  ?      A    stomach    conceived    as    a 
Sybaritic  sea  is,  presumably,  an  uncommonly 
luxurious  receptacle,    or,   as  the   delineator 
himself  observes,    "  a  grand  confounder  of 
demulcing     meate."        The     self-indulgent 
owner  of  such  an  abyss  is  thus  typically  de- 
lineated in  '  The  Faerie  Queene,'  I.  iv.  21  : 
His  belly  was  upblowne  with  luxury, 
And  eke  with  fatnesse  swollen  were  his  eyne ; 
And  like  a  Crane  his  necke  was  long  and  fyne 
With  which  he  swallowed  up  excessive  feast, 
For  want  whereof  poore  people  oft  did  pyne. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

From  the  sense  of  the  passage  quoted  by 
MB.  BRADLEY,  the  inference  seems  plausible 
that  "  Sybariticke  "  may  be  intended. 

W.  B. 

May  not  this  be  a  misspelling  or  misprint 
for  "  Sybariticke  "=Gr.  2v/2apiT/Kos  ? 

W.  F.  PBIDEAUX. 

[Other  correspondents  suggest  the  same.] 

WILKES'S  '  ESSAY  ON  WOMAN*  (10  S.  ix. 
442,  492). — Those  who  care  to  pursue  this 
subject  will  find  a  good  deal  of  information 
concerning  the  author — a  much- debated 
point — at  2  S.  iv.  21  ;  v.  72. 

JOHN  PICKFOBD,  M.A. 

PLAXTOL  (10  S.  ix.  430,  477).— There  is 
no  doubt  that  "  Plaxtol,"  the  name  of  the 
Kentish  village  near  Sevenoaks,  is  identical 
with  the  Kentish  dialect  word  "  playstool," 
which  is  very  common  throughout  Kent 
for  a  public  recreation  ground,  as  may  be 
seen  in  '  E.D.D.'  (s.v.  '  Play,'  sb.  8).  What 
is  the  common  origin  of  these  words  "  Plax- 
tol "  and  "  playstool "  ?  In  Selborne  in 
Hampshire  the  village  recreation  ground 
was  originally  called  "  the  Playstow,"  which 
form  makes  the  etymology  quite  plain. 
An  account  of  the  word  is  given  in  Gilbert 
White's  'Antiquities  of  Selborne,'  Letter  X. 


(ed.  E.  Blyth,  p.  348),  from  which  it  appears 
that  in  the  year  1271  Sir  Adam  Gurdon, 
in  conjunction  with  his  wife  Constantiar 
granted  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Sel- 
borne all  his  right  and  claim  to  a  certain 
place  called  "  La  Pleystow,"  in  the  village 
aforesaid,  "  in  liberam,  puram,  et  perpetuam 
elemosinam."  White  goes  on  to  tell  us  that 
"this  Pleystow  (locus  ludorum)  is  a  level  area, 
near  the  church  of  about  44  yards  by  36,  and  is- 
known  now  by  the  name  of  '  the  Plestor.'  It  con- 
tinues still,  as  it  was  in  old  times,  to  be  the  scene 
of  recreation  for  the  youths  and  children  of  the 
neighbourhood ;  and  impresses  an  idea  on  the  mind 
that  this  village,  even  in  Saxon  times,  could  not  be 
the  most  abject  of  places,  when  the  inhabitants 
thought  proper  to  assign  so  spacious  a  spot  for  the 
sports  and  amusements  of  its  young  people." 

The  Old  English  form  of  pleystow  is  plegstowT 
a  word  which  occurs  frequently  in  vocabu- 
laries in  the  sense  of  a  place  for  play,  and 
as  a  rendering  for  gymnasium,  amphi- 
theatrum,  palaestra.  For  the  final  I  in  the 
name  "  Plaxtol "  compare  "  Bristol,"  the- 
representative  of  the  '  Old  English  Chronicle' 
form  Bricgstow.  The  x  may  be  explained 
as  due  to  assimilation,  gs  becoming  ksr 
represented  by  x.  The  O.E.  plegstow  sur- 
vives in  "  Plaistow,"  a  word  which  appears- 
in  *  The  Clergy  List '  as  a  place-name  in 
Essex,  Kent,  and  Sussex.  The  word  is  not- 
now  known  in  Benenden,  Kent,  as  was- 
stated  at  the  last  reference. 

A.  L.  MAYHEW. 
Oxford. 

HAIR         BECOMING         SUDDENLY         WHITE 

THBOUGH  FEAB  (10  S.  ix.  445). — 

"  When  the  Duke  of  Alva  was  in  Brussels,  about 
the  beginning  of  the  tumults  in  the  Netherlands, 
he  had  sate  down  before  Hulst  in  Flanders,  and 
ther  was  a  Provost  Marshall  in  his  Army,  who  was 
a  favourit  of  his  ;  and  this  Provost  had  put  som  to- 
death  by  secret  commission  from  the  Duke :  Ther 
was  one  Captain  Bolea  in  the  Army,  who  was  an 
intimate  frend  of  the  Provosts,  and  one  Evening: 
late,  he  went  to  the  said  Captains  Tent,  ana 
brought  with  him  a  Confessor,  and  an  Executioner,, 
as  it  was  his  custom  ;  He  told  the  Captain,  that  h& 
was  come  to  execut  his  Excellencies  Commission, 
and  Martiall  Law  upon  him ;  the  Captain  started- 
up  suddenly,  his  Hair  standing  at  an  end,  and 
being  struck  with  amazement,  ask'd  him  wherin 
had  he  offended  the  Duke ;  the  Provost  answer'd. 
Sir  I  com  not  to  expostulat  the  busines  with  your 
but  to  execut  my  Commission,  therfore  I  pray  pre- 
pare yourself,  for  ther's  your  Ghostly  Father  and 
Executioner ;  so  he  tell  on  his  knees  before  ther 
Priest,  and  having  don,  the  Hangman  going  to  put 
the  Halter  about  his  Neck,  the  Provost  threw  it 
away,  and  breaking  into  laughter,  told  him,  ther 
was  no  such  thing,  and  that  he  had  don  this  to  try 
his  courage,  how  he  could  bear  the  terrour  of  death, 
the  Captain  look'd  ghastly  upon  him,  and  said, 
then  Sir  get  you  out  of  my  Tent,  for  you  have  don' 
me  a  very  ill  office;  The  next  morning  the  said 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  n,  iocs. 


•Captain  Bolea,  though  a  young  man  of  about  thirty, 
had  his  Hair  all  turn'd  gray,  to  the  admiration  of 
a,ll  the  World,  and  of  the  Duke  of  Alva  himself, 
who  question'd  him  about  it,  but  he  would  confesse 
nothing."— Ho  wel's  'Epistolae  Ho-Elianse,'  Letter 
xxviii.,  to  Mr.  R.  L.  Marchant. 

I  quote  from  the  edition  of  1645,  sec.  4, 
pp.  38-9.  The  sequel  to  the  story  is  in- 
teresting, but  the  passage  is  too  long  to 
transcribe. 

I  have  also  just  come  across  the  following 
passage  in  *  Cameos  from  English  History,' 
by  the  author  of  '  The  Heir  of  Redclyffe,' 
Sixth  Series,  p.  54  :— 

"One  of  those  who  were  moulded  by  it  [the 
preaching  of  Fran?ois  de  Sales]  was  a  young  widow, 
Jeanne  Francpise  de  Chantal.  She  was  the  daughter 
of  Benique  Fremyot,  the  President  of  the  Parlia- 
ment of  Dijon,  a  good  old  man,  and  so  staunch 
both  to  loyalty  and  Catholicism,  that  the  tidings 
that  the  Huguenot  Henri  IV.  had  become  king 
caused  him  such  distress  as  to  turn  half  his  hair 
white  in  one  night." 

WM.  H.  PEET. 

Thirty  years  ago  the  adjutant  of  an  English 
yeomanry  cavalry  regiment  was  a  gallant 
officer  who  had  been  in  the  Indian  Mutiny, 
and  whose  hair  had  suddenly  become  white 
through  intense  anxiety  for  his  wife,  who 
was  placed  in  a  position  of  great  peril. 
This  happily  passed,  and  the  united  pair 
survived  for  a  lengthened  period  to  tell 
the  tale.  I  do  not  pledge  myself  to  "a 
single  night,"  but  in  the  above  instance 
the  hair  grew  white  in  some  short  period 
closely  approximate.  W.  B.  H. 

In  '  The  Life  of  "Lord"  George  Sanger,' 
1908,  p.  56,  there  is  an  account  of  a  well- 
known  actor  named  Clark,  with  luxuriant 
brown  curls,  taking  to  his  bed  for  a  week 
from  fright,  and  when  next  he  appeared 
Among  his  friends  his  hair  was  as  white 
as  driven  snow.  Clark  was  attended  by  a 
doctor.  There  cannot  be  any  doubt  about 
the  truth  of  Mr.  Sanger' s  statement.  Clark 
appears  to  have  been  a  strong  but  super- 
stitious man.  When  writing  my  volume 
'  At  the  Sign  of  the  Barber's  Pole,'  I  came 
across  several  instances  of  the  hair  turning 
suddenly  white  through  fright,  but  the  one 
indicated  by  Mr.  Sanger  is  far  better  than 
.any  other  I  have  read. 

WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 
Hull  Royal  Institution. 

Physiological  science  affirms  that  it  is 
a  physical  impossibility  for  the  hair  to  turn 
suddenly  white.  Pathology,  even,  has  no 
theory  by  which  to  account  for  it.  Kaposi, 
of  Vienna,  says  that  "  neither  a  single  hair, 
nor  all  the  hairs  together,  can  turn  grey 


otherwise  than  gradually : — they  cannot  be- 
come grey  suddenly."  He  mentions,  how- 
ever, one  case  reported  by  Dr.  Landois  ; 
and  Pfaff,  who  has  experimentally  turned 
hairs  white  by  chlorine,  believes  it  possible 
that  a  fluid  having  a  very  rapidly  cauterizing 
or  bleaching  action  may  be  secreted  by 
the  skin  under  the  influence  of  intense 
mental  action.  "  Who  shall  decide  when 
doctors  disagree  ? "  Meanwhile  the  his- 
torical instances  are  numerous  :  Marie  An- 
toinette, on  the  night  following  the  discovery 
of  the  king  at  Varennes  ;  Sir  Thomas  More, 
after  his  sentence  ;  King  Lewis  of  Bavaria, 
when  he  had  condemned  his  wife  to  death  ; 
shipwrecked  people ;  and  many  others. 
Byron  could  hardly  be  expected  to  hold  out 
against  such  an  array  of  evidence.  Indeed, 
in  his  day  the  possibility  would  hardly  have 
been  denied  by  any  but  skin  specialists,  and 
even  they  were,  presumably,  not  more 
unanimous  than  they  are  now,  a  hundred 
years  later.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

[MR.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR  also  refers  to  Howel.] 

WHITE  COCK  v.  THE  DEVIL  (10  S.  ix.  486). 
— The  pure  white  cock  as  a  potent  factor 
in  rebutting  the  approaches  of  Satan  is 
one  of  the  features  of  British  folk-lore. 
He  is  not  only  the  ornament,  but  the 
efficient  protector  of  the  premises  to  which 
he  is  attached  ;  he  is  a  delight  to  look  upon, 
and  his  opportune  crowing  steadily  averts 
disaster.  An  apposite  illustration  of  the 
legendary  services  one  of  his  class  rendered 
aforetime  was  till  quite  recently  associated 
with  the  seaboard  of  Fif  eshire.  It  is  averred 
that  a  sailing  craft,  awaiting  cargo,  was 
once  lying  off  shore  directly  opposite  a 
large  farm  on  a  headland,  and  that  twice 
at  midnight  those  keeping  watch  noticed 
that  a  meteor,  manifestly  descending  upon 
the  farmer's  stacks,  was  instantly  deflected 
and  carried  into  indefinite  space  when  the 
white  cock  crew.  The  curiosity  of  these 
observant  mariners  having  been  keenly 
aroused  by  the  repetition  of  such  a  notable 
incident,  they  somewhat  heartlessly  resolved 
to  verify  the  conclusion  to  which  they  had 
been  inferentially  driven.  To  trace  an 
effect  to  its  undoubted  cause  is  one  of  the 
distinctive  glories  of  humanity,  and  the 
process  may  have  appropriate  illustration, 
even  in  the  speculative  enterprise  of  those 
whose  business  it  is  to  convey  potatoes 
in  a  coasting  sloop.  Thus  it  came  about 
that,  after  a  hard  bargain  with  the  reluctant 
farmer — presently  destined,  no  doubt,  to 
suffer  repentance  and  poignant  remorse — 


10  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  im]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


•the  faithful  chanticleer  was  removed  from 
his  sphere  of  high  duty  and  placed  on  board 
the  ill-omened  vessel.  At  the  usual  hour 
the  following  night,  it  is  almost  unnecessary 
to  add,  the  meteor  floated  downwards  as 
before  ;  and,  as  these  was  no  protesting 
voice  to  drive  the  evil  thing  afar,  it  descended 
into  the  stackyard  and  straightway  con- 
sumed it  to  ashes.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CORNISH  AND  OTHER  APPARITIONS  (10 
S.  ix.  325,  392).— It  may  be  worth  putting 
•on  record,  in  these  days  of  vanishing  folk- 
tales, that  in  my  youth  in  North  Antrim 
rsuch  tales  as  Mr.  Drew's  were  often  told. 
'There  was,  however,  this  difference,  that  the 
strange  creature  seen  in  certain  carefully 
avoided  spots  was  not,  like  the  Cornish 
monster,  passing  on  its  way,  but  rolling  in 
.agony  on  the  ground. 

I  recall  one  field  off  the  high  road  to 
•Coleraine,  which  certainly  contained  some- 
thing sinister,  for  our  horses  could  never  pass 
it  without  shying,  and  we  were  generally 
^driven  by  a  roundabout  way  to  avoid  it. 
I  have  often,  when  riding  alone,  seen  my 
liorse's  ears  pricked,  and  known  him  to  shy, 
when  I,  despising  the  terrors  of  Irish  ser- 
vants, rode  past  the  haunted  field.  Every 
horse  in  the  stable,  whether  drawing  a  heavy 
load  or  light  cart,  was  equally  terrified, 
.and  more  than  once  I  have  known  them  to 
bolt. 

The  account  we  were  always  given  was 
that  they  could  see  by  daylight  what  men 
-could  only  see  by  night,  namely,  a  great, 
Tough,  dark  animal  with  burning  eyes, 
rolling  over  and  over  on  the  grass.  It  was 
believed  to  be  a  soul  in  torment,  but  I  never 
Tieard  any  legend  as  to  why  that  small  and 
uninteresting  field  was  the  scene  of  its  agony. 
One  might  fancy  that  horses,  being  very  sen- 
rsitive  as  to  the  presence  of  a  dead  member 
of  their  own  species,  may  have  been  conscious 
of  one  buried  there.  But  as  the  same  signs 
of  distress  were  shown  by  all  our  horses, 
and  those  of  our  neighbours,  for  many  years, 
this  explanation  does  not  fit  the  case. 

Another  North  Antrim  tale  bears  on  this 
"form  of  apparition.  I  was  told  by  a  very 
respectable  young  woman  that  she  and  her 
widowed  mother  started  very  early  one 
^summer  morning  to  help  to  stack  peat  in 
a  bog  some  miles  from  their  home — a  very 
poor  one.  They  sat  down  to  rest  and  eat 
their  oaten  bread  on  the  turf  dyke  that 
bordered  a  lonely  mountain  road.  As  they 
•sat  they  heard  behind  them  a  horrible  growl- 
ing noise  and  a  rushing  sound,  and  before 
they  could  move  a  great  animal  rolled  over 


the  dyke  behind  them,  almost  touching 
them,  and  sending  out  a  fiery  heat  as  it 
rolled  across  the  road  and  into  a  field 
beyond,  where  iii  plunged  about  as  if  in 
torture,  showing  its  burning  eyes  as  it 
writhed  about.  Believing  it  to  be  a  soul 
in  torment,  whose  sins  were  too  terrible 
for  the  ordinary  punishment,  they/  prayed 
for  it  as  soon  as  they  recovered  from  their 
fright,  the  memory  of  which  never  left 
them.  They  were  told  it  was  always  to 
be  seen  there,  and  had  done  some  odious 
crime  "  in  the  auld  ancient^  days  "  that 
rendered  it  "  past  praying  for." 

I  may  add  that  the  date  of  these  appear- 
ances was  in  the  seventies,  and  that  people 
now  living  can  vouch  for  them.  Y.  TJ 

[Reply  from  W.  P.  CA.  next  week.] 

HIPPOCRATES  LEGEND  (10  S.  ix.  408).— 
There  would  seem  to  be  some  connexion 
between  this  legend  and  a  passage  in  the 
thirteenth  of  the  spurious  epistles  of  Hippo- 
crates, where  Hippocrates,  who  has  been 
called  to  Abdera  to  attend  Democritus, 
begs  his  friend  Dionysius  to  keep  an  eye 
on  his  wife  during  his  absence,  not  that 
he  has  any  special  reason  to  suspect  her, 
but  because  women  always  want  watching. 
Rabelais  refers  to  this  in  bk.  iii.  chap.  32. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

BOOKS  BY  THE  TON  (10  S.  ix.  286).— I 
can  beat  this  easily.  In  1906  I  purchased 
the  library  of  a  Mechanics'  Institute  (some 
three  tons  eleven  hundredweight)  for  3?.  10s. 
The  majority  of  the  books  were  in  cellars 
adjoining  the  boilers  of  the  heating  appa- 
ratus. The  dirt  of  years,  and  damp  owing 
to  railway  carriage  in  open  trucks,  did  not 
improve  the  temper  of  those  who  spent 
weary  hours  sorting  the  good  from  the  baa. 
I  have  selected  about  a  hundred  for  my 
library,  and  the  rest  have  been  given  away 
or  sold  in  ton  lots.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Shrewsbury. 

"  ABRACADABRA  "  (10  S.  ix.  467).— The 
annotator  of  Butler's  'Hudibras'  (Bonn, 
1859,  vol.  ii.  p.  223,  note)  says  : — 

"  The  word  abracadabra  for  fevers  is  as  old  as 
Sammonicus.  Haut  haut  hista  pista  vista  -were 
recommended  for  a  sprain  by  Cato ;  and  Homer 
relates  that  the  sons  of  Autolycus  stopped  tne 
bleeding  of  Ulysses'  wound  by  a  charm.  Soothing 
medicines  are  still  called  carminatives,  from  the 
Latin  carmen,  a  magic  formula." 
Melton,  in  his  '  Astrologaster,'  p.  45,  gives 
a  catalogue  of  many  superstitious  ceremonies, 
&c.,  the  second  of  which  is  "  that  toothaches, 
agues,  cramps,  and  fevers,  and  many  other 
diseases  may  be  healed  by  mumbling  a  few 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  n,  im. 


strange  words  over  the  head  of  the  deceased." 
On  the  subject  of  amulets,  including  abraca- 
dabra, much  information,  says  Brand 
('Popular  Antiquities'),  may  be  obtained 
from  an  academical  dissertation  published 
in  1710  at  Halle,  in  Saxony,  by  Mart. 
Fr.  Blumles.  Abracadabra  is  curiously 
illustrated  on  p.  19,  accompanied  by  two 
or  three  etymologies  of  the  word. 

J.    HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

[H.  P.  L.  next  week.] 

CREOLE  FOLK-LOBE  :  STEPPING  ACROSS 
A  CHILD  (10  S.  ix.  227,  338,  494). — In  other 
days  I  have  myself  frequently  lifted  a  con- 
veniently elastic  limb  over  the  head  of  a 
junior,  following  the  achievement  with  the 
disconcerting  assurance  that  the  victim's 
further  development  in  stature  was  ex- 
tremely improbable.  So  far  as  memory 
records,  no  importance  whatever  was  at- 
tached to  the  ceremony,  but  it  is  interesting 
to  note  that  the  tradition,  superstition, 
or  whatever  it  may  be  called,  thus  lingered 
in  St.  Andrews  and  the  neighbourhood 
well  into  the  second  half  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  In  all  likelihood  it  exists  and 
pleasantly  exercises  the  rising  generation 
at  the  present  moment. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"JIRGAH"  (10  S.  ix.  427,  472).— The 
newspapers  seem  to  have  made  this  word  a 
naturalized  British  subject,  but  it  should 
be  spelt  jargah,  not  jirgah.  The  Pathans 
and  Yaghistanis,  when  conducting  a  discus- 
sion, are  accustomed  to  sit  round  in  a  circle, 
whence  they  derive  the  name,  which  MR. 
JAMES  PLATT  correctly  states  to  be  Persian. 
It  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  drove  of  deer 
standing  in  a  ring.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

CAMBRIDGE  EARLY  LISTS  :  SIR  RICHARD 
COPE  (10  S.  ix.  350,  414).— On  referring  to 
Burke' s  'Peerage'  I  find  that  the  Rev. 
Sir  Richard  Cope  died  on  6  November, 
1806,  and  not,  as  stated  by  MRS.  J.  H. 
COPE,  in  1805.  In  '  Graduati  Canta- 
brigienses,  1659-1823,'  p.  114,  is  the 
following  :  "  Cope,  Ri.  .  .  .  j  Clar.  I  A.B. 
1743.  A.M.  1747.  S.T.P.  1765." 

ALFRED  SYDNEY  LEWIS. 

SCOTTISH  UNIVERSITY  ARMS  (10  S.  ix. 
465). — Allow  me  to  correct  the  statement 
that  the  University  of  Glasgow  obtained  a 
grant  of  arms  after  1 888.  What  was  granted 
was  not  a  grant  of  arms,  but  warrant  to 
the  Lyon  Clerk  to  matriculate  in  the  Public 
Register  of  all  arms  and  bearings  in  Scotland, 
in  the  name  of  the  University  of  Glasgow 


certain  ensigns  armorial  borne  by  the  Uni- 
versity for  many  years  prior  to  the  passing; 
of  the  Act  of  Parliament  1672,  cap.  47.. 
See  the  Matriculation  of  14  June,  1900. 

GEO.  WILL.  CAMPBELL. 
Coundon,  Coventry. 

"ViZT."  (10  S.  ix.  405).— If  it  be  true- 
bhat  we  go  on  from  precedent  to  precedent,, 
lere  is  one  for  the  above  contraction,  which 
an  OUTRAGED  SCHOLAR  finds  so  irritating. 
The  document  which  follows  is,  at  the  same- 
time,  a  good  and  interesting  specimen  of  a 
nuncupative  will : — 

"  Memorandum  that  Phillipp  Davy,  yeoman,  late- 
of  Grimston  in  the  Countie  of  Dorsett,  deceased, 

being  sicke  in  body on  a  day  happening  shortlie^ 

after  Xpmas  Anno  D'ni  1636  or  neere  thereabout  did 
utter  and  declare  his  mind  and  will  by  word  of 
mouth  as  followeth  or  to  the  very  like  in  effect,. 
vizfc,  speaking  unto  his  two  natural!  sonnes  Robert 
and  John  Davye  and  to  John  Fors  his  sorine  in  law** 
then  wth  him,  Heere  you  are  come  and  looke  for  my 
goodes,  and  heere  I  shall  leave  it  amongest  you, 
take  it  and  part  it  amongest  you,  If  you  cannot, 
agree  uppon  parting  of  it  then  take  it  and  give  it- 
to  popre  folks  for  me.  Witnesses  then  present, 

viz'  Jesper  Dennis  his  marke,  Anne  Dennis  her 

marke." 

On  10  June,  1637,  issued  a  commission 
to  Margarie  Stroud  and  Cecilie  Force,  the- 
natural  and  lawful  daughters,  to  administer 
the  goods,  &c.  (Prerogative  Court  of  Can- 
terbury, Register  Goare,  fo.  94). 

GEORGE  F.  T.  SHERWOOD. 

50,  Beecroft  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

QUEEN  ANNE'S  FIFTY  CHURCHES  (10  S.  ix.. 
429). — The  Act  of  9  Anne,  ch.  1,  provided 
for  the  building  of  fifty- two  "  new  churches- 
in  or  near  the  populous  cities  of  London 
and  Westminster  and  the  suburbs  thereof." 
These  were  all  to  be  erected  between  the- 
years  1716  and  1724.  As  a  matter  of  factr 
only  some  fifteen  churches  were  erected 
or  restored,  although  the  time  limit  wa& 
extended.  These  were  :  St.  Alphege,  Green- 
wich ;  St.  Anne,  Limehouse  ;  Christ  Churchr 
Spitalfields  ;  St.  George-in-the-East ;  St. 
Mary,  Stratford  -  le  -  Bow  (restored)  ;  St. 
James,  Bermondsey ;  St.  John,  Horsley- 
down  ;  St.  John,  Westminster  ;  St.  George,. 
Bloomsbury  ;  St.  George,  Queen's  Square  ; 
St.  George,  Hanover  Square  ;  St.  Martin- 
in-the-Fields  ;  St.  Luke,  Old  Street  ;  St. 
Mary-le-Strand  ;  St.  Mary,  Woolnoth.  The- 
tower  of  St.  Michael,  Cornhill,  was  also 
erected. 

I  think  some  confusion  often  exists  be- 
tween the  fifty  churches  actually  built  by 
Wren  and  the  fifty  contemplated  by  the- 
Act  of  Queen  Anne. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  IMS.];      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


The  latest  promulgation  of  this  error 
occurs  in  an  article  in  the  June  issue  of 
The  Bookman.  From  an  article  on  Daniel 
De  Foe,  by  George  Sampson,  I  take  the 
following  sentence  : — > 

"  Poor  benefices  bless  the  flourishing  fund  called 
<J,ueen  Anne's  Bounty,  and  in  her  reign  fifty  new 
-churches  were  built  in  London  alone.  You  may  tell 
.them  by  their  surpassing  ugliness." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

Nothing  like  this  number  was  ever  com- 
pleted by  the  Commissioners.  Maitland, 
writing  in  1756,  '  History  of  London,'  i.  509, 
says  :  "  Hitherto  there  are  only  ten  of  the 
said  churches  built  upon  new  foundations." 
These,  I  believe,  were  St.  Anne's,  Limehouse  ; 
St.  George  -  in  -  the  -  East  ;  St.  George's, 
Bloomsbury  ;  St.  George's,  Queen's  Square  ; 
'St.  George's,  Hanover  Square  ;  St.  John's, 
Westminster  ;  St.  John's,  Horsleydown  ; 
St.  Luke's,  Old  Street ;  St.  Matthew's, 
Bethnal  Green  ;  and  St.  Mary-le-Strand. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  ENTENTE  CORDIALE  "  (10  S.  viii.  168  ; 
ax.  194,  338,  418,  472).— I  have  at  my  elbow 
.a  medal,  upon  one  side  of  which  these  words 
«ire  inscribed  :  "  Definitive  treaty  of  peace 
*ind  amity  between  Great  Britain  and  France 
signed  at  Paris  May  30,  1814." 

The  other  shows  a  female  draped  figure 
tiolding  in  her  right  and  left  hands  respec- 
tively an  olive  branch  and  a  horn  of  plenty, 
encircled  by  the  quotation,  "  On  earth  peace, 
good  will  to  men."  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

ASKWITH    OR   ASQUITH    (10    S.    IX.    461). 

'The  following  references  to  the  Asquith 
«,nd  Ayscough  pedigrees,  some  of  which 
Tiave  already  been  noted  in  my  '  Bibliography 
of  Yorkshire,'  appearing  in  Yorkshire  Notes 
•and  Queries,  may  be  found  of  some  use. 

For  the  pedigrees  of  Askwith  of  Barrowby 
<Lincs.),  see  Harl.  MS.  1487,  fo.  148;  of 
Askwith  of  Newstead,  ibid.,  1394,  fo.  148  ; 
1415,  fo.  9b;  1420,  fo.  108b  ;  1487, 
fo.  148  ;  of  Askwith  of  Osgodby  (?  N. 
Riding,  Yorks),  ibid.,  1487,  fo.  150b.  Ask- 
with coat  of  arms,  Harl.  MS.  1394,  p.  344. 
Askwith  of  York,  vide  W.  Paver's  '  Pedigrees 
•of  the  Families  of  the  City  of  York,'  p.  8  ; 
and  Foster's  'Visitation  of  Yorkshire,'  211, 
487.  Pedigree  of  Ayscough  of  York,  Wm. 
Dugdale's  '  Visitation  of  the  Co.  of  Yorks  ' 
(vol.  xxxvi.  1859,  Surtees  Soc.),  pp.  147,  153  ; 
see  also  Chr.  Clarkson's  '  History  of  Rich- 
mond,' 1821,  p.  252 ;  W.  Paver's  '  Pedi- 
grees,' 1842,  p.  10  ;  Harl.  Soc.,  iv.  77  ;  ^vii. 


37,  38  ;  viii.  59  ;  Foster's  *  Lincolnshire 
Pedigrees,'  27,  29,  30  ;  Surtees' s  '  Durham,' 
iii.  227,  318;  Thornton's  'Nottingham- 
shire, ii.  253  ;  The  Genealogist,  iii.  342-5  ;  v. 
189;  Fisher's  'History  of  Masham,'  297; 
Hasted' s  '  Kent '  (.'  Hund.  of  Blackheath,' 
by  H.  H.  Drake),  xv.  ;  Foster's  '  Visitations 
of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,'  3. 
Pedigree  of  Ayscough  of  Skewsby  (N.  Riding, 
Yorks),  Dugdale's  '  Visitation  of  the  Co.  of 
Yorks '  (Surtees  Soc.,  vol.  xxxvi.,  1859), 
pp.  342-4. 

Ayscough  pedigree  : — 

"  The  Genealogie  or  Descendent  Pedegre  of  the 
Ascoughs,  sometime  Lordes  of  the  Maners  of 
Dalbon,  Norrys,  Newsam,  Burstall,  Thornton, 
Barcloste,  New  bye,  &c.,  in  the  Couritie  of  Yprke, 
and  nowe  of  Southe  Kelsey,  in  the  Couritie  of 
Lincolne,  <fcc.,  drawn  up  by  and  in  the  autograph  of 
William  Segar,  Garter,  with  arms  emblazoned  and 
in  trick."  XVII  cent. 

This  is  a  roll  nine  feet  in  length. 

J.    HOLD  EN   MACMlCHAEL. 
Deene,  Streatham. 

It  may  be  as  well  to  add  that  the  Norse 
vi$,  mentioned  at  this  reference,  not  merely 
means  "  wood,"  but  is  the  actual  equivalent 
of  the  A.-S.  widu,  late  A.-S.  wudu,  Mod.  E. 
wood.  It  occurs  again  in  Beckwith ;  and  in 
Widkirk,  the  old  name  of  Woodkirk  in  York- 
shire. WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

SECRET  PASSAGES  (10  S.  ix.  490). — Exeter 
is  honeycombed  with  ancient  subterranean 
passages.  Some  of  them  possess  outlets 
beyond  the  city  walls,  at  points  where  it 
would  probably  have  been  possible  to  commu- 
nicate secretly,  unobserved  by  an  invading 
army,  with  the  beleaguered  inhabitants. 
One  of  these,  about  a  mile  long,  leads  direct 
from  Lion's  Holt  to  the  Bishop's  Palace. 

Some  fifteen  years  ago  it  was  suggested 
these  underground  ways  should  be  opened 
out,  as  an  additional  attraction  for  visitors 
of  an  antiquarian  turn;  but  nothing  came 
of  the  proposition.  I  remember  then  being 
one  of  a  party  who  explored  a  passage 
which  has  an  entrance  near  to  Bampfylde 
House,  the  old  city  residence  of  the  Bamp- 
fylde family — an  ideal  Tudor  building,  still 
in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation.  From 
there  we  made  our  way  under  the  High 
Street  and  London  Inn  Square  to  an  outlet 
in  Longbrooke  Street,  the  latter  some  little 
distance  outside  the  line  of  the  old  walls. 
In  some  parts  we  were  able  to  walk  upright, 
in  others  only  to  crawl  upon  hands  and  knees. 
These  Exeter  passages  run  in  various  direc- 
tions, but  are  not  continuous  or  connected. 
From  time  to  time  they  have  been  built 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  JULY  n,  im. 


into,  and  hence  the  direct  course  of  many  of 
them  is  blocked  by  the  foundations  of  more 
modern  erections.  Only  a  few  days  ago 
(during  the  week  ending  June  20th)  one  was 
thus  broken  into  by  men  carrying  out  exten- 
sions at  the  Post  Office.  HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

"THE  CROOKED  BILLET"  (10  S.ix.  190, 452). 
— I  am  interested  in  H.  G.  P.'s  communica- 
tion at  the  latter  reference  from  the  fact 
that  I  remember  a  similar  crooked  stick 
in  use.  A  man  used  to  call  periodically 
at  my  father's  house  in  Northamptonshire 
in  my  childhood's  days,  selling  hosiery,, 
worsted,  &c.  He  carried  his  wares  in  two 
bundles,  which  were  suspended  from  his 
shoulder,  one  in  front  and  one  behind,  by 
means  of  a  crooked  stick.  This  stick,  which 
was  a  formidable  piece  of  wood,  had  probably 
been  bent  by  some  means  into  the  required 
shape,  and  was  always  an  object  of  great 
interest  to  me.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

I  remember  that  when  a  wood  had  been 
cleared  of  timber,  men  were  set  to  work 
"•  stubbing."  Scores  of  the  roots  taken  out 
were  "  crooked  billets  " — so  called  by  the 
stubbers,  and  for  weeks  afterwards  crooked 
billets  were  burnt  on  every  cottage  fire. 

There  was  a  pedlar  who  regularly  came 
round,  his  wares  in  a  couple  of  baskets 
slung  over  his  shoulder  by  a  crooked 
billet.  A  sandstone  hawker — Soft  Sam  we 
called  him — brought  round  his  stones  slung 
on  the  backs  of  two  donkeys,  crooked  billets 
being  used  to  support  the  rough  shelves 
upon  which  the  sandstones  were  piled  on 
the  flanks  of  each  donkey. 

When  suitable  crooked  billets,  naturally 
made,  were  not  to  be  had,  wood  was  boiled 
in  iron  pots  until  soft  enough  :  then  the 
"bents"  were  made,  tied  in  position, 
and  hung  up  to  dry  until  the  crooks  were 
set.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

"  WHAT  YOU  BUT  SEE  WHEN  YOU  HAVEN'T 
A  GUN"  (10  S.  ix.  108,  217,  493).— Here 
&u£=only.  The  word  is  frequently  used 
in  that  sense  on  this-  side  of  the  Atlantic, 
e.g.,  "  If  I  could  but  get  that  I  should  be 
happy.'"'  ST.  SWITHIN. 

HON.  MRS.  GORDON'S  SUICIDE  (10  S.  ix. 
449). — The  Hon.  Mrs.  Gordon  who  died 
at  39,  Somerset  Street,  Portman  Square, 
on  29  May,  1813,  was  Catherine,  only  sister 
of  the  second  Earl  of  Portsmouth,  and  widow 
of  the  Hon.  Lockhart  Gordon,  third  son  of 
the  third  Earl  of  Aboyne.  By  this,  his 


second  marriage,  the  Hon.  Lockhart  Gordort 
had  seven  children,  of  whom  two  sons  and. 
two  daughters  came  of  age.  Which  of 
the  two  daughters,  Caroline  or  Catherine,, 
was  it  who  was  married  to  J.  C.  Williams, 
Esq.  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWKIGHT. 

HOLBEIN  SUBJECTS  (10  S.  ix.  449,  497). — 
See  '  D.N.B.,'  xi.  33,  for  Margaret  Clement. 
HARMATOPEGOS. 

BEN  JONSON'S  NAME  :  ITS  SPELLING 
(10  S.  ix.  329,  431).— I  regret  that  at  the 
second  reference  I  inadvertently  make  Ben 
Jonson  tell  Drummond  that  his  father, 
instead  of  his  grandfather,  "  came  from  Car- 
lisle." This  is  the  statement  given  in  *  Ben 
Jonson' s  Conversations  with  William  Drum- 
mond of  Hawthornden,'  chap.  xiii.  : — 

"His  Grandfather  came  from  Carlisle,  and,  he 
thought,  from  Aimandale  to  it :  he  served  King 
Henry  8,  and  was  a  gentleman.  His  Father 
losed  all  his  estate  under  Queen  Marie,  having, 
been  cast  in  prisson  and  forfaitted  ;  at  last  turn'd 
Minister  :  so  he  was  a  minister's  son." 

Charles  Kirkpatrick  Sharpe  (1781-1851), 
a  Border  man  with  special  knowledge,  thus 
comments  on  this  passage  : — 

"  If  Ben's  grandfather  went,  as  Jonson  supposed, 
from  Annandale  to  Carlisle,  which  lies  very  near  itr 
he  must  have  pronounced  and  written,  if  ne  could 
write,  his  name  Johnstpne.  I  believe  there  never 
was  a  Johnson  heard  of  in  Annandale  or  its  vicinity  ? 
but  it  was  the  nest  of  the  Johnstones ;  the  lairds 
of  the  Lochwood,  ancestors  of  the  Marquises  of 
Annandale,  were  the  chiefs  of  Wamphray,  !Sowdeanr 
Lockerbie,  Gretna,  &c.  I  have  examined  as  many 
of  their  pedigrees  as  I  possess,  in  order  to  ascertain 
if  Benjamin  were  ever  a  family  name  among  them, 
but  have  not  found  it  in  Annandale." 
See  Cunningham's  edition  of  Gifford's  '  Jon- 
son,' iii.  481.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

WILLIAM  WINSTANLEY'S  BIRTHPLACE 
(10  S.  ix.  469). — Henry  Winstanley,  cele- 
brated from  his  lamentable  fate  in  the  light- 
house erected  by  himself  on  the  Eddystone^ 
Rock,  was  a  descendant  from  an  ancient 
family  etablished  at  Walden  (now  Saffron 
Walden),  of  which  William,  although  origin- 
ally a  barber,  was  probably  a  member,  and 
it  is  equally  probable  that  he  was  born  there. 
Be  this  as  it  may,  Quendon  is  in  the  parish 
of  Saffron  Walden,  so  that  in  any  case  he- 
may  be  said  to  have  claimed  the  latter  as- 
his  birthplace. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMICHAEL. 

NURSERY  RIME  (10  S.  ix.  408,  478).— Is 
there  any  reference  to  the  cadaver  represented 
on  tombs  with  worms  crawling  in  and  out  ? 

J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  ii,  im]]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &a 

English   Local    Government :   the   Manor  and   the 

Borough.   By  Sidney  and  Beatrice  Webb.   2  vols. 

(Longmans  &  Co.) 

MB.  WEBB  and  his  accomplished  wife  here  continue 
the  subject  of  English  Local  Government,  on  which 
they  have  already  given  us  a  volume  regarding  the 
parish  and  the  county.  The  monumental  quality 
of  that  section  of  the  work  was  fully  recognized  by 
those  best  competent  to  judge,  and  now  the  authors 
have  given  us  another  two  parts  of  their  history, 
which  are  entitled  to  equal  praise.  To  Teutonic 
powers  of  research,  duly  testified  in  the  abundant 
foot-notes,  they  add  an  enthusiasm  and  an  instinct 
for  the  orderly  arrangement  of  facts  which  make  a 
book  of  the  first  rank.  Their  work  is  one  of  which 
the  historians  of  any  country  might  be  proud.  It 
will  be  a  revelation  to  the  expert  in  its  wealth 
of  detail,  and  it  clears  up  many  of  the  puzzling 
points  which  are,  to  use  a  scientific  term,  "  sur- 
vivals in  culture,"  and  surprise  us  in  later  history 
and  even  in  the  world  of  to-day.  Every  library  of 
any  pretensions  must  possess  the  book,  and  we 
hope  that  there  will  be  many  to  read  it. 

The  Courts  of  various  hundreds,  Forest  Courts, 
the  Court  of  the  Manor,  and  the  Prevalence  and  De- 
cay of  the  Lord's  Court,  are  all  considered,  with  many 
curious  details.  Then  come  the  Manorial  Borough, 
the  City  and  Borough  of  Westminster,  the  Boroughs 
of  Wales,  the  administration  of  Municipal  autho- 
rities and  Close  Corporations,  and  the  progress  of 
decay  and  reform  that  led  to  the  Municipal  Cor- 
porations Act  which  followed  the  Parliamentary 
struggles  in  the  thirties  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
and  which  is  fairly  described  as  "  the  Municipal 
Revolution." 

One  of  the  most  interesting  chapters  is  that 
devoted  in  vol.  ii.  to  '  The  City  of  London,'  though 
it  is  to  be  noticed  that  many  other  noteworthy 
centres  in  diverse  parts  of  the  kingdom  are  also 
examined  with  a  thoroughness  which  is  rare  in  this 
sort  of  volume. 

It  is  pointed  out  that  for  the  first  time  we  have  a 
history  of  the  constitutional  development  of  the 
City  of  London,  and  the  mass  of  materials  to  be 
consulted  is  certainly  formidable  enough  to  frighten 
any  but  the  most  determined  and  enthusiastic 
student.  The  City,  even  in  1689  a  very  crowded 
and  busy  district,  has  a  curiously  anomalous  his- 
tory, and  briefly  defined  for  purposes  of  self-govern- 
ment as  a  resident  democracy  of  ratepayers,  it  has 
kept  its  own  ways  and  privileges  to  a  remarkable 
extent,  not,  however,  so  remarkable  when  one  con- 
siders that  the  power  of  the  purse  was  always 
behind  it  in  days  when  the  world  of  finance  was 
nothing  like  so  stable  as  it  is  to-day.  We  select  a 
few  things  out  of  the  mass  of  details  laid  before  us 
in  the  text  and  the  notes  to  show  the  interest  of 
the  subject.  The  Corporation  of  the  City  did  not 
include  within  its  jurisdiction  the  residence  of  the 
king  or  the  offices  of  his  ministers;  so,  "actually 
adjoining  the  seat  of  government,  it  could  yet  shut 
its  gates  against  the  king  and  his  officers."  The 
freedom  of  the  City,  belonging  to  most  householders 
from  1689  to  1835,  prevented  a  man  from  being  seized 
by  the  pressgang  for  service  in  the  Navy.  The 
twenty-six  little  police  forces  of  the  City,  not  being 
under  a  general  control,  were  in  many  cases  incom- 


petent, yet  the  wards  claimed  that  people  of  their 
jwn  choosing  and  locality  were  likely  to  do  best. 
The  ward  beadle  was  gorgeously  dressed,  but  would 
do  no  active  service ;  and  the  ancient  bellman  who- 
once  called  the  hours  confined  his  rounds  in  1811  to 
a  night  or  two  before  Christmas,  with  a  view  to  a 
Christmas-box.  The  Court  of  Common  Council  was- 
a  very  powerful  body,  proud  of  its  views,  especially 
when  they  represented  popular  feeling  against 
Parliament.  The  Councillors  feasted  at  great 
expense  on  the  slightest  excuse,  and  jobbery  of 
offices  was  unusually  prevalent,  the  Standing 
Orders  being  suspended  with  the  greatest  freedom 
For  one  applicant  after  another.  There  is  much,  as 
might  be  expected,  concerning  the  "Lord  Mayor." 
This  title  was  not  in  use  before  1540,  though 
York  had  its  Lord  Mayor  as  early  as  1389."  In 
the  eighteenth  century  the  head  of  the  City  was 
supposed  not  to  leave  it  for  a  single  day,  and 
had  to  ask  leave  in  1731  to  "  go  sometimes  for  a  day 
or  two  to  my  house  in  Middlesex."  The  general 
verdict  of  the  writers  is  that  the  Corporation  of  the 
City  of  London  from  1689  to  1835  tell  below  the 
Municipal  Corporations  of  other  large  centres  in 
energy  and  efficiency.  The  neglect  to  supply  proper 
docks  or  look  after  the  safety  of  property  on  the- 
river  is  one  clear  instance  of  want  of  thought  and 
enterprise.  The  Guildhall  Library  was  not  opened! 
to  the  public  till  1873,  and  the  City  of  London 
School,  based  on  an  old  endowment,  was  not 
established  until  1835. 

IN  The.  Cornhill  for  July  Mr.  H.  W.  Lucy  begins- 
a  series  of  recollections,  '  Sixty  Years  in  the 
Wilderness,'  which  are  full  of  interest  and  humour. 
In  the  sixties  Mr.  Lucy  worked  very  hard  as  a, 
journalist,  starting  with  two  papers  in  Shrews- 
bury, the  Chronicle  and  the  Observer.  He  learnt 
shorthand  laboriously,  and  "pegged  away,  making: 
applications "  whenever  he  saw  an  advertisement. 
His  reminiscences  should  be  useful  to  those  aspi- 
rants who  think  themselves  qualified  to  write  with- 
out any  practice.  In  *  Francis  Thompson's  Cricket 
Verses '  Mr.  E.  V.  Lucas  opens  up  an  unexpected 
side  of  the  mystical  poet.  Feeble  in  physique  and 
general  health,  and  himself  unable  to  play,  he  yet 
glorified  cricket  in  unforgettable  style,  and  his 
verses  deserve  to  be  added  to  all  anthologies  of 
the  subject.  Mr.  MacHugh  on  '  The  Winning  of 
Canada '  writes  of  history  which  is  little  known, 
but  ought  to  be  familiar  to  all  Englishmen.  Lady 
Robert  Cecil  reviews  *  The  Man-Eaters  of  Tsavo,' 
a  noteworthy  book  ;  and  C.  J.  D.  has  a  neat  set  of 
verses  '  At  Christie's.'  '  The  Electric  Theory  of 
Matter '  is  a  posthumous  article  by  W.  A.  Shen- 
stone,  who  has  done  much  to  popularize  science  in 
The  Cornhill.  *  Hampden  and  Hampden's  Country/ 
by  Mr.  Marcus  Dimsdale,  is  almost  entirely  con- 
cerned with  the  patriot's  history ;  more  about  the 
country  would  have  been  pleasing.  We  cannot 
conceive  a  writer  who  has  been  on  Little  Hampden 
Common,  for  instance,  refusing  a  word  or  two  to- 
its  charm. 

IN  The  Nineteenth  Century  the  Bishop  of  Burnley 
has  a  short  but  trenchant  article  on  '  The  Present 
Stage  of  Church  Reform.'  He  points  out  that 
Convocation  and  the  so-called  "  Representative 
Church  Council"  are  both  very  unsatisfactory 
bodies.  Prof.  Barnes  follows  with  some  remarks 
on  *  The  Lambeth  Conference  and  the  "  Athanasian 
Creed"'  which  will  meet,  we  think,  with  general 
sympathy.  The  "  omission  of  the  rubric  requiring 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  11, 


its  public  recitation"  is  suggested.  'A  French 
View  of  Bernard  Shaw,'  by  M.  Augustin  Hamon, 
is  a  little  dull,  and  M.  Hamon  quotes  from  himself 
rather  unnecessarily.  One  of  the  maxims  thus  pre- 
sented is  no  more  than  a  commonplace.  Lady 
Lovat's  'Women  and  the  Suffrage'  quotes  from 
Shakespeare,  Plato,  and  Gladstone.  The  last  is 
inane ;  the  first  two  are  seen  in  pretty  passages ; 
but  the  whole  article  is  not  so  much  convincing  as 
sentimental.  Nor  are  all  its  statements  trust- 
worthy. In  *  Apollo  and  Dionysus  in  English '  Dr. 
Emil  Reich  convokes  an  assembly  of  wise  Greeks, 
and  makes  them  talk  on  modern  England.  The 
result  is  striking,  and  the  views  put  Forward  are 
well  worth  reading.  Sir  Harry  H.  Johnston 
has  an  important  article  on  '  The  Empire  and 
Anthropology,'  which  deserves  the  widest  con- 
sideration. The  advance  of  this  new  science  in 
company  with  ethnology  is  one  of  the  most  hopeful 
movements  of  to-day. 

M.  YVES  GUYOT  opens  The  Fortnightly  with  a 
revised  lecture  .concerning  '  The  Influence  of 
English  Thought  on  the  French  Mind,'  a  subject  to 
which  increasing  attention  is  being  paid.  The 
writer's  English  might  have  been  improved  by  a 
candid  friend,  but  his  points  are  well  made,  and  he 
does  not  indulge  in  idle  rhetoric.  Mr.  H.  C. 
Minchin  in  his  '  Glimpses  of  Dr.  Thomas  Fuller ' 
irritates  us  by  dragging  in  quotations  of  no 
particular  aptitude.  There  is  little  new  in  this 
paper.  Mr.  J.  A.  R.  Marriott  in  '  The  Mistress  of 
Great  Tew '  writes  much  better,  but  is  not  precisely 
a  Matthew  Arnold.  Some  such  gifts  as  Arnold's 
are  needed  to  give  glow  and  colour  to  familiar 
history.  '  The  Restoration  of  the  Unionist  Party,' 
"by  Mr.  W.  G.  H.  Gritten,  is  a  hopelessly  biassed 
article.  Baron  Pierre  de  Coubertin,  in  a  paper  well 
translated  into  English,  is  very  interesting  concern- 
ing the  question  '  Why  I  Revived  the  Olympic 
Games.'  The  suggestions  for  preserving  the  dignity 
of  such  meetings  should  not  be  neglected  in  this  age 
of  vulgar  advertisement  and  newspaper  clamour. 
Mr.  Francis  Gribble  has  an  able  article  on  Mr. 
Arthur  Symons's  views  and  position  as  writer  and 
critic. 

The  National  Review  is  in  its  usual  trenchant 
form  regarding  the  present  Government,  opening 
with  '  The  Great  Haldane  Imposture,'  by  Lord 
Newton.  Lord  Desborough  writes  with  sense  and 
authority  on  'Olympic  Games  Then  and  Now.'  The 
Rev.  S.  Skelhorn's  '  Inside  View  of  the  Free  Church' 
is  a  bitter  denunciation  of  present-day  Noncon- 
formity, including  some  generalizations  which  we 
cannot  admit  as  veracious.  Mr.  Charles  Whibley 
brings  his  cleverness  to  bear  on  '  Shakespeare  and  a 
National  Theatre.'  '  Mr.  Gould's  Tennis,  by  Bisque, 
is  a  notable  criticism  of  the  play  of  to-day  in  detail. 
The  young  American's  achievement  is  somewhat 
discounted  by  the  fact  that  few  players  in  England 
can  afford  to  give  so  much  time  and  practice  to  the 
game,  having  a  livelihood  or  a  sense  of  self-imposed 
duties  to  occupy  their  time.  We  are  well  pleased 
with  the  Rev.  R.  L.  Gales's  paper  '  A  Word  for  the 
Village  Public-House.'  A  writer  of  such  know- 
ledge and  discrimination  ought  to  give  us  a  book  on 
country  life.  'American  Affairs,'  by  Mr.  A. 
Maurice  Low,  deals,  of  course,  with  the  chances  of 
Mr.  Bryan  and  Mr.  Taft  for  the  Presidency.  The 
former  has,  we  learn,  lost  the  aid  of  Mr.  Hearst  and 
Mr.  Hearst's  formidable  newspapers.  We  are 
interested  to  notice  that  the  New  York  Sun  is 


praised  for  "  the  perfection  of  its  English."  Mr. 
Low  is  an  able  writer,  but  this  verdict  suggests 
doubts  as  to  his  standards  of  expression.  There  is 
hardly  a  single  newspaper  in  this  country  which 
puts  a  reasonable  curb  on  the  slipshod  style  of  its 
weakest  contributors.  A  cheaper  edition  of  Mr. 
Oliver's  '  Alexander  Hamilton '  is  the  occasion  for  a 
study  by  Mr.  Bernard  Holland  of  that  brilliant 
book. 

The  Burlington  Magazine,  in  an  editorial  article 
on  'The  Affairs  of  the  National  Gallery,'  pleads 
reasonably  for  more  liberty  of  action  for  the 
Director,  who  is  at  present  hampered  by  the 
Trustees.  Mr.  Epstein's  sculpture  in  the  Strand  is 
defended.  The  French  and  English  sections  of  Art 
at  the  Franco-British  Exhibition  are  the  subject  of 
excellent  articles,  by  Mr.  Charles  Ricketts  and  Mr. 
Robert  Ross  respectively.  The  work  of  the  latter 
is  admirable,  and  illuminated  by  an  incisive  wit 
which  makes  the  best  of  reading.  The  frontispiece, 
'  The  Passage  of  the  Ravine '  by  Ge"ricault,  is  a 
spirited  piece  of  painting  well  annotated  by  Prof. 
Holmes.  Mr.  Lionel  Cust  chronicles  an  important 
addition  to  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  in  a 
picture  of  Lady  Margaret  Beaufort,  the  mother  of 
Henry  VII.,  and  the  founder  of  two  colleges  at 
Cambridge.  The  picture,  formerly  in  Viscount 
Powerscourt's  collection,  was  purchased  this  year 
for  the  nation,  and  its  acquisition  is  a  matter  for 
general  congratulation.  Sir  W.  Martin  Conway 
begins  an  arrangement  of  '  Diirer's  Works  in  their 
Order,'  which  ought  to  lead  to  some  important  dis- 
cussion, and  settlement  of  disputed  questions.  An 
American  writer,  Mr.  Hamilton  Field,  has  an  amply 
illustrated  paper  on  '  The  Art  of  Kiyonaga,  a 
fascinating  Japanese  artist ;  and  there  are  various 
notes  which  maintain  the  high  standard  of  The 
Burlington  as  an  expert  publication. 


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41 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  IS,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-No.  238. 

NOTES  :-Hyde  Park  and  Kensington  Gardens,  41— Vowel- 
Shortening  in  English,  43— Dr.  Johnson's  Ancestors  and 
Connexions,  44  —  Fee  Bowls  —  Hornsey  :  Highgate  and 
Arabella  Stuart,  46  —  Leamington-on-Sea  —  "  Votes  for 
Women,"  47. 

QUERIES :— King's  Silver:  Lincoln  College,  47— Manor 
Identification  in  Divers  Counties—"  Charming-Bells  "  for 
Bird-catching— Old  Tunes— Steering-Wheel—E.  Thayer, 
48 — 'Sweet  Nan  of  Hampton  Green' — 'The  National 
Journal,'  1746— Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell— Hartley 
Coleridge—"  Dandy  affair,"  1816  :  "  Bats'  Club  Dinner  "— 
Gilbert  Imlay's '  Emigrants '— Steele  and  Addison— Union 
Light  Dragoons,  1780,  49— Capt.  Charles  Gill,  R.N.— 
"  Tanner  "=Sixpence— Benedict  Arnold,  50. 

REPLIES :—' Kitty  Fisher's  Jig'  :  'Yankee  Doodle,'  50- 
Queen  Caroline  —  Cornish  and  other  Apparitions,  51  — 
Snodgrass  as  a  Surname— Cap  of  Liberty— St.  John  Bap- 
tist's Eve  :  Midsummer,  52— Hippocrates  Legend— Canning 
Portraits—"  Sabariticke  "—Portfolio  Society— Fig  Trees  : 
Maturing  Meat,  53— "  Abracadabra  "—"  Promethean  "— 
The  Nose  Celestial— Edwards  of  Halifax— H.  C.  Wise,  54 
—Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted—"  Angel "  of  an  Inn,  55 
— Sir  T.  Browne  :  Quotation  —  Swedenborg's  Memorial 
Tablet  — Man  in  the  Almanac  —  "  Paffer  "  —  Gibbet  as 
Landmark,  56 — Parish  Dinners — George  Monoux — Roger 
North's  Life  of  his  Brother— Burials  at  Nice :  Capt.  James 
King — Cheapside  Cross  :  its  Bibliography — Burial-Ground 
of  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  Bayswater  Road— Bur- 
ney's  '  History  of  Music  '—The  Pied  Finer  in  Ispahan,  57 
—The  '  D.N.B.' :  Additions  and  Corrections,  58. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—' Annals  of  Cambridge '  —  ' Shake 
spearean  Representation:  its  Laws  and  Limits'— 'The 
Edinburgh  Review.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


HYDE    PARK    AND    KENSINGTON 
GARDENS. 

THE  question  of  relationship  or  non-rela- 
tionship between  Hyde  Park  and  Kensing- 
ton Gardens  is  still  open  and  undecided — 
the  question,  that  is,  Was  the  ground  now 
•covered  by  the  Gardens  in  the  main  severed 
from  Hyde  Park,  or  was  it  originally  separate 
and  distinct  ?  The  answer  varies  :  some- 
times it  favours  the  severance,  sometimes 
the  original  distinction.  The  writers  on 
the  subject  may  have  been  satisfied  with 
their  conclusions,  but  readers  are  left  per- 
plexed. 

Lysons  (1796),  writing  nearest  the  period 
when  the  Gardens  were  laid  out,  says  in 
his  '  Environs  '  (iii.  184) : — 

"  Kensington  Gardens   were   originally  only  26 

acres.      Queen  Anne   added   30  acres but  the 

principal  addition  was  made  by  the  late  Queen 
[Caroline],  who  took  in  near  300  acres  of  Hyde 
Park." 

Faulkner  in  his  'Kensington'  (1820)  re- 
peated this. 


On  the  other  hand,  the  now  current 
authorized  Guide  tells  us  : — 

"The  modern  so-called  'Kensington  Gardens.' 
are  identified  with  the  original  domain  of  old 
Nottingham  House,  increased  by  the  addition  of 
some  hundred  acres  or  more  taken  from  Hyde 
Park." 

Here  is  variance.  We  gather  from  the 
earlier  version  that  the  old  mansion  had 
no  land  attached  to  it  beyond  its  immediate 
precinct.  From  the  later  and  current 
account  we  learn  that  the  mansion  had 
"  a  domain"  identical  with  the  Kensington 
Gardens  of  to-day.  Which  of  these  views 
is  right  ?  I  hold  that  both  are  inaccurate, 
though  the  elder  be  nearer  the  truth  ;  and 
it  is  because  I  venture  to  think  there  is  a 
ready  and  positive  solution  of  the  question 
that  I  beg  the  Editor  to  allow  me  to  recast, 
clearly  and  concisely,  my  argument  made 
elsewhere  a  few  years  since,*  in  order  that 
it  may  have  further  circulation  in  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
and  perhaps  eliciting  response,  affirmative 
or  negative,  may  tend  to  the  settlement 
of  the  matter. 

The  solution  appears  to  me  to  lie  in  the 
answer  to  the  question,  What  was  the 
former,  and  what  is  the  present  acreage  of 
Hyde  Park  ?  The  former  acreage  is  ob- 
tained indubitably  from  the  document  in 
the  Record  Office  entitled  '  Particulars  of 
Sale  of  Crown  Lands,  1652  :  Hyde  Park, 
Parcel  of  the  Possessions  of  Charles  Stuart, 
late  King  of  England.'  These  '  Particu,- 
lars  '  have  considerable  interest.  The  Park 
was  sold  in  five  divisions.  The  names  given 
to  them  indicate  their  positions  ;  their  boun- 
daries are  precisely  defined  ;  their  contents 
— in  wood,  water-pools,  &c. — are  specified  ; 
the  computed  areas,  and  the  value  of  each 
division,  are  stated.  A  special  survey  had 
been  made,  and  as  it  bears  every  evidence 
of  precision,  the  sum  of  the  five  areas — 
621*83  acres — cannot  be  doubted.  It  seems 
extraordinary  that  this  document  has  been 
overlooked  when  the  question  before  us 
has  been  discussed.  Faulkner  copies  it, 
yet  does  not  apply  it  in  its  reference  to  the 
Park  and  Gardens.  No  plan  accompanies 
the  *  Particulars,'  as  might  be  expected. 
But  having  the  boundaries,  positions,  and 
areas  clearly  stated,  I  have,  with  the  article 
above  referred  to,  ventured  to  construct  a 
plan,  on  which  the  divisions  are  conjecturally 
Laid  down  within  the  outlines  obtained  from 
the  Ordnance  map. 

The  present  area  of  the  Park  (including 
the  water- area  of  the  Serpentine)  is  about 


*  'The  Making  of   Kensington  Gardens,'  Home 
bounties  Magazine  (1904) ,  vi.  145,  222. 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is,  MOB. 


368  acres*  and  that  of  1652  having  been 
621  acres,  it  is  evident  that  there  has  been 
a  loss  of  253  acres.  Where  are  those  acres  ? 
The  Park  is  a  quadrilateral  enclosure.  Three 
of  its  sides  have  remained  virtually  unaltered 
since  16'52.  The  northern  boundary,  now 
as  then,  is  the  Uxbridge  Road — in  the 
'  Particulars  '  termed  "  the  Great  Road 
to  Acton"  ;  the  southern  boundary  has 
always  been  "  Knightsbridge  Highway  and 
Brentford  Road"  ;  Park  Lane,  formerly 
Tyburn  Lane — though  perhaps  not  so  called 
in  1652,  as  here  it  is  merely  "  the  Way 
leading  from  Brentford  Road  to  Acton 
Road" — forms  the  unaltered  eastern  boun- 
dary ;  while  the  fourth  or  western  boundary, 
now  coinciding  with  that  of  Kensington 
Gardens,  is  more  than  half  a  mile  east  of 
the  former  limit  —  a  limit  in  the  '  Par- 
ticulars '  described  as  "  the  ground  lying 
near  the  Gravel  Pits "  and  "  the  house 
and  ground  usually  taken  to  belong  to 
Mr.  Finch  of  Kensington."  The  fact  is 
that  to-day,  traversing  the  Park  westward 
from  Park  Lane,  we  cannot  find  the  621 
acres  of  1652  until  we  have  crossed  Kensing- 
ton Gardens  and  have  almost  arrived  at 
Wren's  handsome  Orangery ;  and  in  our 
walk  we  shall  have  undoubtedly  crossed 
the  253  lost  acres  of  Hyde  Park  now  in- 
corporated with  Kensington  Gardens. 

Further  proof  that  the  Gardens  have  in 
the  main  been  made  from  the  Park  is  scarcely 
necessary,  yet  the  naming  and  definition 
of  the  five  sale- divisions  are  so  interesting 
as  well  as  corroborative,  that  they  may 
here  have  place. 

Against  Park  Lane  (or  Tyburn  Lane) 
abutted  two  divisions  :  the  Banqueting 
House  Division,  occupying  the  north-west 
angle  of  the  Park  (and  apparently  so  called 
from  an  old  royal  hunting  and  feasting 
house,  or  perhaps  a  place  of  refreshment  for 
visitors  to  "  the  Ring")  and  the  Old  Lodge 
Division,  containing  the  gate-keeper's  lodge 
at  "  Park  Corner."  After  the  Banqueting 
House  Division  had  stretched  its  length 
along  the  Uxbridge  Road  as  its  northern 
boundary,  it  was  succeeded  by  the  Middle 
Division,  which  extended  along  the  same 
road  until  it  reached  "  Bayard's  Watering," 
the  spring  or  pond  from  which  the  Bays- 


*  The  area  is  obtained  from  the  Ordnance  map, 
but  as  the  desired  total  is  not  afforded,  it  has  to  be 
arrived  at  by  a  somewhat  complicated  addition  of 
Hyde  Park  portions  noted  in  the  several  parishes, 
together  with  the  water-areas  of  the  Serpentine, 
also  parochially  divided.  Professional  practice, 
however,  enables  me  to  compute  or  verify  this  and 
all  other  areas  now  adduced. 


water  district  has  its  name.  Here  we  pause- 
to  note  that  the  ground  sold  was  already 
well  within  the  present  limits  of  Kensington 
Grardens,  and  at  the  point  where  the  West- 
bourne  stream  crossed  the  Uxbridge  Road 
and  entered  the  Park.  But  although  within 
the  Kensington  Gardens  of  to-day,  we  have 
yet  to  trace  westward  another  former  division 
of  Hyde  Park,  and  a  good  half-mile  to 
go  before  reaching  its  old  demarcation. 
And,  again,  the  name  "  Gravel  Pit  Division  " 
well  denotes  its  situation  :  it  extended  along^ 
the  Uxbridge  Road  until  it  touched  the- 
verge  of  the  now  obsolete,  though  not  for- 
gotten district,  "  Kensington  Gravel  Pits." 
A  plan  to  which  I  shall  presently  refer 
shows,  if  I  mistake  not,  the  most  easterly 
of  the  pits  :  its  edge  is  close  to  and  parallel 
with  the  Park  ditch,  beyond  which  further 
excavation  was  doubtless  prohibited.  Here 
we  reach  an  important  point  in  the  demon- 
stration :  the  western  boundary  of  the 
Gravel  Pit  Division  is  defined  as  "  the  ground 
lying  near  the  Gravel  Pits,  and  part  of 
Finch's  ground,"  i.e.,  the  division  was. 
partly  bordered  on  the  west  by  Mr.  Finch's 
property,  and  partly  by  the  gravel  pits, 
which  lay  to  the  north  of  Mr.  Finch's  ground, 
between  it  and  the  Uxbridge  Road. 

The  fifth  and  last  division,  lying  south 
of  the  two  just  noticed,  was  the  "  Kensington 
Division."  It  was  much  the  largest,  and 
its  name  was  appropriate,  as  it  stretched 
along  "  the  highway  leading  from  Knights- 
bridge  through  Kensington  Town."  So  we- 
have  Hyde  Park  at  Kensington,  and  the 
western  boundary  is  again  significant,  viz., 
"  part  of  the  house  and  ground  taken  to 
belong  to  Mr.  Finch  of  Kensington."  This,, 
I  think,  must  mean  that  the  house  of  Mr. 
Finch,  in  later  years  Earl  of  Nottingham,, 
was  closely  approached  ;  and  this  evidence, 
added  to  that  of  its  former  capacity,  seems 
to  me  convincingly  to  determine  the  old 
limits  of  Hyde  Park. 

In  regard  to  the  actual  demarcation  of 
limit  between  the  Park  and  the  Finch  pro- 
perty we  have  information.  It  was  by  a 
ditch,  probably  an  ancient  fosse,  for  wood 
and  trees  grew  on  its  banks.  When  "  the 
King  had  his  own  again,"  and  the  sale  of 
the  Park  had  been  quashed  (the  purchase 
money  returned  ?),  Charles  II.  granted 
the  old  ditch,  and  ten  feet  width  of  the 
Park  beyond,  to  Sir  Heneage  Finch,  gentle- 
man and  baronet,  now  His  Majesty's 
Solicitor-General.  The  descriptive  words  of 
the  grant  (dated  25  March,  1662)  are  :— 

"  That  ditch  or  fence  which  divides  Hide  Park 
from  the  lands  of  Sr.  Heneage  Finch,  and  the  wood 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43- 


and  trees  there  growing,  and  ten  foot  in  breadth 
and  150  Rods  [825  yards,  or  nearly  half  a  mile]  in 
length  of  ye  soil  of  ye  said  Park  lying  beyond  yc  said 
ditch,  beginning  from  ye  South  highway  leading  to 
Kensington  and  crossing  forwards  towards  ye  North 
highway  leading  to  Acton.  And  His  Majesty  doth 
hereby  dispark  the  same."— Docquets,  Chas.  II. 
1662-'3,  vol.  xxi.  No.  47. 

The  ditch,  the  subject  of  the  grant  and 
Letters  Patent,  thus  described  as  overgrown 
with  brushwood  and  bordered  by  trees, 
appears  to  have  been  ancient  and  important. 
We  might  imagine  it  to  have  been  not  only 
the  demarcation  between  Hyde  Park  and 
the  Finch  property,  but  even  the  western 
limit  of  the  manor,*  were  it  not  that  the 
Abbey  parish  of  St.  Margaret  still  stretched 
a  short  distance  westward.  This  piece 
of  land  (between  the  ditch  and  the  Ken- 
sington boundary),  in  form  quadrilateral, 
is  not  more  than  350  yards  wide  on 
the  average,  but  more  than  half  a  mile 
long  between  Kensington  High  Street  on 
the  south  and  the  Uxbridge  Road  on  the 
north.  The  area  is  about  67  acres;  but 
the  "  quadrilateral "  towards  its  northern 
end  is  crossed  by  an  irregular  parish  boun- 
dary, which  cuts  off  about  18  acres  along 
the  Uxbridge  Road,  14  acres  being  in  Pad- 
dington,  and  4  in  Kensington  ;  the  gravel 
pits  were  formerly  here.  The  remaining 
49  acres — or  say  in  round  numbers  50  acres 
— contained  the  Finch  Mansion,  and  appear 
to  have  constituted  the  Finch  property 
at  this  place.  The  history  of  this  land  is 
vague,  and  it  has  even  been  suggested  that 
the  manor  house  of  Neyte,  the  situation  of 
which  was  doubtful,  may  have  preceded 
on  the  same  site  the  house  of  Finch,  which 
became  the  nucleus  of  Kensington  Palace. 
The  conjecture  was  reasonable  and  pleasant. 
The  50  acres  would  have  represented  the 
small  manor,  and  the  Abbot  in  his  lodge 
here  at  the  western  extremity  of  his  estate 
would  have  looked  over  adjoining  Hyde 


*  Knightsbridge  not  Hyde.  Hyde  Manor  (a 
division  of  the  original  great  manor  of  Eia,  as  were 
also  Neyte  and  Eybury)  is  considered  to  have  had 
its  western  limit  at  the  Westbourne  stream,  now 
merged  in  the  Serpentine,  and  beyond  Hyde 
was  Knightsbridge.  Thus  Hyde  Park,  extending 
•westward  beyond  Hyde  Manor,  was  partly  in 
Knightsbridge.  And  Knightsbridge  (in  the  parish 
of  St.  Margaret,  Westminster)  adjoining  on 
the  north  Westbourne  (in  the  parish  of  Pad- 
dington),  these  two  formed  a  later  so-called 
"  manor  "  of  the  Abbey,  as  that  of  "  Knightsbridge 
with  Westbourne,"  the  fact  of  their  union  being 
evidence  of  their  juxtaposition.  Such  appears  to 
me  the  most  probable  solution  of  this  part  of  the 
perplexing  and  variously  stated  problem  of  the 
Abbey  manors.  Davis  in  '  Memorials  of  Knights- 
bridge '  (p.  12)  has  it  so. 


and  his  distant  manors  beyond,  not  requiring 
for  his  seclusion  any  special  demesne  or 
park  pertaining  to  this  house.  But  further 
study  has  shown  me  that  Neyte  lay  else- 
where, and  it  is  my  hope  to  make  that  manor 
the  subject  of  a  future  note.  The  50  acres 
of  St.  Margaret's  bordering  on  Kensington, 
and  eventually  the  total  67  acres  of  th& 
"  quadrilateral,"  were  bought  by  King- 
William,  and  the  purchase  papers  are  much 
desired  for  our  further  information. 

W.  L.  RUTTON. 

(To  be  continued.) 


VOWEL-SHORTENING  IN  ENGLISH. 

IN  my  '  Primer  of  English  Etymology '  I 
give  the  rule  that  "  when  the  length  of  a 
word  is  augmented,  a  long  vowel  is  very  apt 
to  be  shortened  by  the  accentual  stress 
falling  upon  it."  An  easy  example  occurs  in 
the  case  of  such  a  word  as  the  verb  to  daze. 
Here  the  a  is  certainly  long,  or,  strictly 
speaking,  is  a  diphthong.  But  if  we  add 
a  tail  to  it,  the  derivative  is  dazzle,  with  a 
short  a. 

The  point  to  which  I  would  draw  par- 
ticular attention  is  the  extraordinary  abund- 
ance of  examples.  We  have  quite  a  large 
number  of  monosyllables  containing  a  long 
vowel,  which  are  attended  by  related  dis- 
syllables that  contain  a  short  one.  As  this  is 
a  point  which  I  have  never  seen  sufficiently 
illustrated,  I  venture  to  present  some 
examples,  the  number  of  which  can  no  doubt 
be  increased.  Surely  the  law  ought  to  be 
better  known  than  it  is.  It  is  in  ignorance 
of  this  law  that  some  people  argue  for  pro- 
nouncing primer  with  the  same  i  as  in  prime  ; 
if  they  recognised  that  our  language  has 
phonetic  laws,  they  would  certainly  say 
primmer.  But  most  people  know  nothing  of 
sound-laws,  and  jump  at  conclusions  on 
insufficient  grounds. 

Examples  :— Bake,  baxter  ;  ball  (a  dance),  ballad  ; 
ball  (a  sphere),  ballot ;  bar,  barrier  ;  bate,  batter  ; 
bile,  bilious ;  blow,  blossom  ;  bole,  bulwark  ;  boom, 
bumpkin ;  brake  (a  fern),  bracken  ;  breech,  breeches  ; 
brief,  brevity. 

Cane,  cannon ;  car,  carriage ;  case  (a  circum- 
stance), casual;  cave,  cavity;  child,  children; 
clear,  claret;  coal,  collier  ;  coal,  collie  (i.e.,  acoal-y 
dog) ;  code,  codicil;  cone,  conic;  crane,  cranberry; 
creed,  credit ;  croup,  crupper. 

Dame,  damsel;  daze,  dazzle;  deign,  dignity; 
dine,  dinner;  dool  (sorrow),  dolour;  doze,  dizzy; 
duke,  duchess. 

Old,  elder  ;  ere,  early. 

Feast,  festive;  file  (a  thin  line),  filament;  fine 
(delicate),  finish;  flame,  flambeau;  float,  flotsam 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is,  im. 


flower,  flourish  ;  foal,  filly;  food,  fodder ;  fore,  fore- 
head ;  fur,  furrier. 

Game,  gammon  ;  gloze,  glossary ;  good,  gospel ; 
goose,  gosling ;  grade,  gradual ;  grain,  granite ; 
green,  Greenwich ;  gold,  guilder. 

Hale  (to  haul),  halyard  :  hare,  harrier ;  hear, 
hearken  ;  heave,  heavy ;  heir,  heritage ;  hind  (as  in 
"  hind-leg"),  hinder  ;  hole,  hollow ;  house,  husband 
(huswife,  hustings). 

Joke,  jocular. 

Keel,  kelson;  know,  knowledge  (which  rimes 
with  "college"). 

Lace,  latchet;  late,  latter;  life,  living;  lime 
<tree),  linden ;  line,  linear ;  lithe,  lissom ;  lyre, 
lyric. 

Mall  (a  hammer),  mallet ;  mead,  meadow ;  mere, 
mermaid ;  mile,  milfoil ;  mime,  mimic ;  mode, 
model ;  muse  (verb),  muzzle. 

Niece,  nephew ;  nose,  nostril. 

Oil,  olive  ;  out,  utter  (utmost). 

Pale,  pallid  ;  pale,  palisade  ;  pane,  panel ;  paste, 
patty  ;  peace,  pacify ;  pipe,  pipkin ;  plate,  platter  ; 
please,  pleasure;  poke,  pocket;  post,  posture; 
prate,  prattle ;  prime,  primer  ;  pain,  punish. 

Quake,  quagmire. 

Rail  (to  scold),  rally  ;  rate,  ratify  ;  read,  riddle ; 
ride,  ready ;  rite,  ritual ;  room,  rummage ;  row, 
rowlock. 

Saint,  samphire ;  sane,  sanity ;  sate,  satisfy ; 
•sauce,  sausage ;  school,  scholar ;  scoop,  scupper ; 
scribe,  scribble ;  seam,  sempstress ;  seat,  settle ; 
shade,  shadow  ;  sheep,  shepherd ;  shield,  sheldrake  ; 
shire,  sheriff;  shoot,  shuttle;  sign,  signal  (signet).; 
sire,  sirrah ;  site,  situate ;  soup,  supper ;  sour, 
sorrel :  south,  Sussex ;  Spain,  spaniel ;  spice, 
special ;  spine,  spinet ;  spout,  sputter ;  steer, 
starboard ;  state,  statue ;  stone,  staniel,  sty, 
stirrup. 

Throat,  throttle  ;  tone,  tonic ;  touse,  tussle ;  trope, 
tropic. 

Vale,  valley ;  vain,  vanity  ;  vase,  vascular ;  veal, 
vellum ;  vine,  vineyard. 

Wade,  waddle  ;  waist,  waistcoat ;  white,  Whit- 
sunday (whitleather) ;  wild,  wilderness  ;  wine,  wim- 
Tserry ;  wind  (verb),  windlass  ;  wife,  woman. 

Zeal,  zealous. 

There  are  probably  many  more  ;  but  these 
may  suffice  to  show  how  common  it  is  to 
find  shorter  vowels  in  longer  words. 

The  same  law  prevails  even  when  the 
primary  word  is  of  more  than  one  syllable. 

Examples :— Audacious,  audacity  ;  Bible,  biblio- 
graphy ;  crisis,  critical ;  fable,  fabulous  ;  female, 
feminine ;  grateful,  gratitude ;  holy,  hollyhock 
{holiday) ;  Michael,  Michaelmas  ;  sacred,  sacrifice, 
&c. 

And  even  when  both  words  are  mono- 
syllabic, the  longer  form  often  has  a  short- 
ened vowel. 

Examples :  — Broad,  breadth;  clean,  cleanse; 
cleave,  cleft ;  deep,  depth  ;  flow,  flood  ;  thief,  theft ; 
weal,  wealth  ;  writhe,  wrist.  And  many  others. 

It  is  easy  to  remember  the  general  idea, 
viz.,  the  longer  the  word,  the  shorter  the 
vowel.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


DR.  JOHNSON'S  ANCESTORS  AND 
CONNEXIONS. 

(See  10  S.  viii.  281,  382,  462 ;  ix.  43,  144, 
302,  423.) 

The  Rev.  John  Batteridge  Pearson  (con- 
tinued). —  The  Rev.  George  Pearson,  the 
eldest  son,  had  issue  by  Catherine  Humber- 
ston,  his  wife,  seven  sons  and  five  daughters  : 

1.  George  Falconer  Pearson,  of  Downton, 
New  Radnor,  J.P.  co.  Radnor,  late  Colonel 
Madras  Staff  Corps.  He  was  born  in  1826, 
and  married,  in  1864,  as  his  first  wife, 
Caroline,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  James 
Augustus  Erskine,  and  niece  of  the  twelfth 
Earl  of  Kellie.  She  died  in  1865,  and  Col. 
Pearson  married,  in  1870,  as  his  second  wife, 
Emma,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  J.  Colvin, 
late  Lieutenant-Governor  N.W.P.,  India,  by 
whom  he  has  issue.  To  Col.  Pearson  has 
descended  a  portrait  of  Capt.  Jervis  Henry 
Porter,  R.N.,  Dr.  Johnson's  eldest  stepson, 
which  hangs  in  Castle  Camps  Rectory, 
whither  it  was  moved  on  the  death  of  old 
Mrs.  Pearson  in  1856.  The  portrait,  which 
is  full  size,  represents  a  middle-aged  man  in 
naval  uniform.  The  late  George  Richmond, 
A.R.A.,  who  saw  it,  expressed  the  opinion 
that  it  was  by  one  of  Hogarth's  pupils. 
Col.  Pearson  also  owns  the  portraits  of  Mrs. 
Johnson — the  Doctor's  "  Tetty  " — and  Lucy 
Porter,  as  a  child,  which,  however,  both 
hang  at  Nantlys,  St.  Asaph,  the  residence 
of  his  younger  brother  Philip  (see  4).  Of 
the  former  of  these  portraits  Mrs.  Piozzi 
wrote :  "  The  picture  I  found  of  her  at 
Litchfield  was  very  pretty,  and  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  Lucy  Porter,  said  it  was  like." 

2.  Charles    Pearson,    born    1831,    of    the 
Indian  Civil  Service. 

3.  John  Batteridge  Pearson,   born   1832, 
Rector  of  Whitestone,  Exeter,  since   1883. 
He  is  M.A.  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge, 
and  D.D.  ;    a  Fellow  of  Emmanuel ;    was 
Bell's  University  Scholar  in  1854  ;    and  has 
made  some  contributions  to  literature. 

4.  Philip  Pennant  Pearson,  born  5  August, 
1834.       Thomas    Pennant,     the     traveller, 
who,  as  I  have  already  explained,  married 
Elizabeth,    daughter    of    James    Falconer, 
R.N.,    and   aunt   of  Mrs.    John   Batteridge 
Pearson,  left  by  her  a  son  David  Pennant, 
who  died  in  1841,  leaving  his  Bodfari  and 
other  Pennant  estates,  in  the  event  of  his 
granddaughter  Louisa  dying  without  issue, 
to   Philip   Pennant   Pearson,    the  grandson 
of  his   first  cousin.     Louisa,   who   was  the 
only  child   of  David  Pennant  the  younger 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


(who  predeceased  his  father  in  1835,  having 
married  firstly,  in  1822,  Lady  Caroline 
Spencer-Churchill,  only  daughter  of  George, 
fifth  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who  died  in 
1824  ;  and  secondly,  Lady  Emma  Brude- 
nell,  daughter  of  Robert,  sixth  Earl  of 
Cardigan,  who  died  in  1847),  became,  in 
1846,  the  first  wife  of  Rudolph  William 
Basil,  Viscount  Feilding,  afterwards  eighth 
Earl  of  Denbigh,  but  died  without  issue 
in  1853,  when  the  Pennant  estates  passed, 
under  her  grandfather's  will,  to  Philip 
Pennant  Pearson,  who  assumed  the  surname 
of  Pennant  in  1860.  Mr.  Philip  Pennant 
Pennant,  M.A.,  J.P.,  D.L.,  who  lives  at 
Nantlys,  Bodfari,  near  St.  Asaph,  was 
High  Sheriff  of  Flintshire  in  1862 :  he  is 
Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions,  and  High 
Constable  of  Flint  Castle.  In  1862  he 
married  Mary  Frances,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Bankes,  of  Soughton  Hall, 
Flintshire,  Canon  of  Gloucester,  by  whom 
he  has  issue. 

5.  James   Falconer   Pearson,    born    1836, 
died  1853. 

6.  Thomas  Hall  Pearson,  born  1841,  died 
1853. 

7.  Edward    Lynch    Pearson,    born    1845, 
Rector    of   Castle    Camps,    Cambridgeshire, 
since   1879.     He  is  an  M.A.   of  St.   John's 
College,     Cambridge,     and    married    Sarah 
Matilda  St.  Quintin. 

1.  Catherine  Hester  Pearson,  born  1827. 

2.  Frances  Elizabeth  Pearson,  born  1829. 

3.  Anne  Pearson,  born  1839,  died  1860. 

4.  Adelaide  Sophia    Pearson,   born   1843. 
In  1883  she  became  the  second  wife  of  John 
Scott    Bankes     (1826-94),     J.P.,    D.L.,     of 
Soughton  Hall,  half-brother  of  her  brother 
Philip's  wife. 

5.  Henrietta  Georgina  Pearson,  born  1847, 
died  1848. 

Mr.  Pennant  possesses  another  interesting 
Johnsonian  relic,  of  which  he  gives  me  the 
following  description  : — 

"  The  book  which  contains  two  prayers  written  by 
Dr.  Johnson  is  entitled  'Forms  of  Prayer  proper  to 
be  used  Before,  At,  and  After  the  Receiving  of  the 
Holy  Sacrament.  Published  by  W.  Ginger,  near 
the  King's  School,  Westminster,  1768.'  With  it  is 
bound  up  '  The  Service  of  the  Holy  Communion.' 
In  the  beginning  there  is  written,  in,  I  think,  Dr. 
Johnson's  handwriting  :  '  This  Book  given  to  Mrs. 
Lucy  Porter  by  Dr.  Johnson  1782.'  There  is  also  a 
note,  in,  I  think,  my  grandmother's  writing,  to  the 
effect  that  these  two  prayers  are  contained  in  his 
'  Prayers  and  Meditations,'  published  by  the  Rev. 
G.  Strahan,  1785,  p.  206." 

The  two  prayers  alluded  to  are,  of  course, 
in  the  Doctor's  own  handwriting. 


The  Rev.  J.  B.  Pearson  inherited  from 
Lucy  Porter  what  his  obituary  notice  in 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine  describes  as 
"  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  best  portrait  of  Dr.  John- 
son, at  perhaps  not  above  45  years  old,  in  an  atti- 
tude of  deep  thought,  hands  lifted  breast  high,  and 
the  fingers  half-spread  in  a  particular  manner,  and 
uncloathed  neck. 

This  portrait,  which  has  been  often  repro- 
duced, Mr.  Pennant  tells  me, 
"now  hangs  in  Stafford  House.  The  story,  as  I 
have  always  heard  it,  runs  thus.  At  my  grand- 
father's death,  his  widow  was  left  with  seven 
children  from  seventeen  years  old  downwards. 
Lord  Stafford,  when  hunting  in  her  neighbourhood, 
would  always  call,  and  at  length,  after  many 
refusals,  persuaded  her  that,  for  the  sake  of  the 
education  of  her  children,  she  ought  to  sell  this 
picture,  which  at  length  she  did.  It  is  interesting 
to  know  that,  after  the  divorce  of  the  portraits  of 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson,  the  two  hung  again  side  by 
side,  for  some  months,  at  the  National  Portrait 
Exhibition  in  1867,  Miss  Lucy  Porter  also  being  one 
of  the  party." 

"  Lord  Stafford "  must  have  been  the 
second  Marquess  of  Stafford,  created  first 
Duke  of  Sutherland  in  1833,  the  great- 
grandfather of  the  present  owner  of  Stafford 
House. 

The  obituary  notice  also  states  that  Mr. 
Pearson  inherited  from  Lucy  Porter  a  por- 
trait of  "  Joseph  Porter  senior,  by  Hogarth, 
esteemed  to  be  the  best  portrait  produced 
by  that  excellent  Artist,"  quoting  from 
Nichols's  '  Leicestershire.'  This  portrait 
is  not  in  the  possession  of  any  of  Mr. 
Pearson's  descendants.  Mr.  Pennant  has 
made  inquiries,  and  feels  quite  satisfied 
that  it  must  have  been  purchased  from 
his  grandmother  by  Lord  Stafford  when 
he  acquired  Reynolds's  portrait  of  Dr. 
Johnson.  Mr.  Pennant  hopes  to  settle 
this  point  definitely  later  on.  There  is 
an  engraving  of  the  portrait  in  an  inter- 
leaved copy  of  Harwood'a  'Liehfield'  at 
the  Bodleian  Library.  Mr.  F.  G.  Shirreff, 
assistant  librarian  there,  kindly  tells  me 
that  it 

"  represents  a  rather  stout  man  seated  at  a  table1 
folding  a  letter ;  he  is  wearing  a  wig,  plain  coat, 
and  embroidered  waistcoat.  The  inscription  (en- 
graved) is  '  Joseph  Porter,  Esqr,  of  Mortlake,  From 
a  Drawing  taken  from  the  Original  Picture  in  1807. 

Published. 1809.'    And  above— '  Hogarth  pinx*. 

T.  Cook  sculp'.'" 

Since  my  last  article  was  printed  I  have- 
discovered  rather  striking  proof  of  my  con- 
tention that  it  was  not  William  Falconer, 
M.D.,  of  Bath,  who  called  on  Dr.  Johnson 
in  1782.  The  Rev.  Richard  Warner,  in  his- 
•  Literary  Recollections,'  1830  (vol.  ii.  p.  70) 
recalls  a  discussion  that  took  place  at  a 
dinner-party  many  years  before,  at  William 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is,  im 


^Falconer's  house,  regarding  Johnson's  con- 
versational powers  : — 

"  Dr.  Falconer  expressed  no  great  esteem  of  them ; 
.and  no  envy  at  those  who  had  had  the  opportunity 
(which  never  occurred  to  himself)  of  listening  to 
them." 

The  words  I  have  italicized  settle  this  point 
•conclusively. 

Dr.  Johnson's  Successors  at  Bolt  Court. — 
In  the  early  days  of  '  N.  &.  Q.'  one  B.  B. 
•contributed  a  valuable  note  on  Johnson's 
residence  in  Bolt  Court,  in  which  he  stated 
(IS.  v.  233):— 

"  After  the  Doctor's  death  the  Rev.  —  Stockdale, 
-of  the  Church  of  England,  occupied  the  house ; 
next  to  him  it  was  tenanted  by  a  Rev.  —  Moir,  (I 
believe)  a  Presbyterian;  next,  by  one  Copley,  an 
old  tailor," 

whose  family  was  the  last  to  occupy  it  as  a 
dwelling-house. 

In  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1788, 
pt.  i.  pp.  537-8,  I  stumbled  across  a  review 
•of  '  Gleanings,  or  Fugitive  Pieces,'  by  the 
Rev.  John  Moir,  M. A.,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
which  thus  concludes  : — 

"  Mr.  M.'s  whole  dependance  is  on  the  lectureship 
•of  St.  Dionis  Backchurch,  Fenchurch  Street,  and 
his  publications,  for  the  support  of  a  sickly  wife 
.and  numerous  increasing  family,  who  are  all  with 
him  in  the  house  inhabited  by  the  late  Dr.  S.  John- 
son in  Bolt  Court,  which  Mr.  M.  took  with  the 
hope  of  letting  it  out  in  lodgings." 

It  does  not  appear  from  the  review  that 
Mr.  Moir,  as  a  literary  man,  was  a  worthy 
successor  to  the  great  Doctor. 

"  The  Rev.  -  -  Stockdale,  of  the  Church 
of  England,"  stated  to  have  been  Johnson's 
immediate  successor  at  Bolt  Court,  was,  I 
presume,  the  Rev.  Percival  Stockdale  (1736- 
1811),  a  miscellaneous  writer  of  whom  some 
account  is  given  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  He  was 
intimate  with  Johnson,  and  in  a  volume  of 
memoirs  related  some  anecdotes  of  him  ; 
and  we  are  told  that  he  "  lodged  both  in 
Johnson's  Court  and  in  Bolt  Court  "  (Bos- 
well's  'Johnson,'  ed.  Birkbeck  Hill,  vol.  ii. 
p.  113,  foot-note). 

ALEYN  LYELL  READE. 

Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 

(To  be  continued.) 


FEE  BOWLS. — An  interesting  bowl,  used 
for  the  reception  of  fees  by  Samuel  Martin 
throughout  his  career  at  the  Bar  (1830-50), 
has  recently  been  presented  to  this  Inn  by 
his  grandson,  the  Hon.  Malcolm  Martin 
Macnaghten.  Samuel  Martin  was  a  son-in- 
law  of  Sir  Frederick  Pollock,  Lord  Chief 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  and  he  himself 
became  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Novem- 


ber, 1850.  He  gave  this  bowl  to  his  brother- 
in-law  Charles  Edward  Pollock,  who  also 
became  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  being 
also  at  the  time  of  his  appointment  a  Bencher 
of  the  Inner  Temple ;  and  from  him  Mr. 
Macnaghten  received  it. 

As  the  use  of  these  "  fee  bowls  "  in  the 
past  by  members  of  the  Bar  appears  only 
bo  be  within  the  recollection  of  some  very 
senior  members  of  the  profession,  the 
following  extracts  from  a  letter  by  Mr. 
George  F.  Pollock  will,  I  think,  be  of  interest 
and  worthy  of  preservation  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

Mr.  George  Pollock  was  called  to  the  Bar 
in  1843,  and  appointed  a  Master  of  the  Court 
of  Exchequer  1851,  and  Queen's  Remem- 
brancer 1886,  from  which  post  he  retired 
in  1901  (after  fifty  years'  service  as  Master). 
Mr.  Pollock  writes  : — 

"  I  can  give  you  some  information.  Bowls  were 
formerly  in  general  use.  In  times  past  cheques 
were  not  in  such  general  use  as  now,  and  fees  were 
commonly  paid  in  cash  with  brief  delivered, 
especially  small  ones.  When  Sir  James  Scarlett 
(afterwards  Lord  Abinger)  became  Lord  Chief 
Baron  in  1834,  my  father,  then  at  the  Bar,  succeeded 
him  in  his  chambers  at  1,  King's  Bench  Walk,  and 
took  over  the  furniture  and  other  small  articles, 
including  the  bowl  in  which  his  clerk  had  received 
fees,  and  which  was  used  by  mv  father's  clerk  for 
the  same  purpose.  I  was  already  at  the  Bar  when 
my  father  became  Chief  Baron  in  1844,  and  I  then 
became  possessed  of  the  bowl  and  used  it.  At  the 
time  when  I  became  a  Master  the  taxing  fee  was 
paid  in  cash  when  the  bill  of  costs  was  taxed,  and 
was  so  paid  till  the  introduction  of  stamps  years 
afterwards,  so  I  then  used  the  bowl  to  receive  fees 
for  bills  taxed  by  me." 

Mr.  George  Pollock  was  born  in  1821, 
and  has  not  only  a  wonderful  recollection 
of  the  Courts  and  legal  procedure  of  bygone 
days,  but  is  still,  happily,  able  to  recount 
to  this  generation  the  noble  traditions  of 
his  great  profession.  He  is  one  of  the  last — 
if  not  the  last  living — who  heard  Scarlett 
address  a  jury. 

J.  E.  LATTON  PICKERING. 

Inner  Temple  Library. 

HORNSEY  :  HIGHGATE  AND  ARABELLA 
STUART. — I  recently  purchased  two  photo- 
graphs labelled  '  Hornsey  in  1750 '  and  a 
postcard  described  as  '  Arundel  House, 
Highgate,  where  Arabella  Stuart  escaped 
from.'  The  first  two  I  will  dispose  of 
briefly.  Both  were  photographed  from 
Cassell's  '  Old  and  New  London,'  vol.  v. 
pp.  43  and  264  respectively :  '  Jenny's 
Whim  Bridge,  1750,'  and  '  Farm  in  the 
Regent's  Park.'  Comment  is  unnecessary. 

The  post  card  requires  some  notice.  I 
have  more  than  once  in  the  local  papers 
refuted  the  story  about  Arabella  Stuart, 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


but  apparently  with  no  effect,  for  it  is  still 
repeated.     Perhaps    the    following    remarks 

mr>  •  i&  Q    may  carry  conviction. 

.Frickett,  'Hist,  of  Highgate,'  1842,  p.  75, 
says  : — 

'liAriind^  House»  traditionally  said  to  have  been 
the  Bank  at  Highgate the  place  of  imprison- 
ment of  the  Lady  Arabella  Stuart  in  1611." 

W.  S.  Gibson,  the  writer  of  the  prize 
•essay  on  Highgate,  1842,  p.  58  :— 

"  The  site  of  Lord  Arundel's  house  has  not  been 
•discovered Mr.  Coniers had  a  house  at  High- 

•*VatV;rlfco was    from    this    house    that   the  Lady 
Arabella  Stuart  escaped." 

J.  H.  Lloyd,  'Hist,  of  Highgate,'  1888, 
follows  Prickett  with  additional  matter ; 
on  p.  231  he  admits  the  house  to  have  been 
Sir  William  Bond's,  and  on  p.  233  makes 
Lady  Arabella  stay  at  Highgate  thirteen 
months. 

What  are  the  facts  ? 

John  Norden,  '  Speculum  Britannia?,' 
1593,  says:  "  Cornewalleys,  Esq.,  hath  a 
laire  house  at  Highgate." 

John  Arundel  of  Lanherne  addresses  his 
letter  from  Highgate,  dated  16  Oct.,  1599, 
to  Secretary  Cecil  (Cal.  State  Papers  Dom.). 

John  Povey,  Esq.  (will  proved  1599, 
P.C.C.  92  Kidd),  citizen  and  embroiderer 
of  London,  and  Fellow  of  Barnard's  Inn, 
bequeathed  his  house  at  Highgate  in  which 
he  lived  to  his  "natural"  daughter  Kathe- 
rine  Bond.  This  lady  was  the  wife  of 
William  Bond,  citizen  and  haberdasher  of 
London,  afterwards  Sir  William. 

Now  it  is  morally  certain  these  three 
bouses  were  all  different.  It  is  proved 
beyond  doubt  (see  authorities  quoted  in 
Lloyd's  '  History')  that  the  house  at  which 
Lady  Arabella  stayed  was  Sir  William 
Bond's. 

On  21  March,  1611,  the  Bishop  of  Durham 
writes  to  Salisbury:  "Arrival  of  Lady 
Arabella  at  Barnet,"  &c.  The  Bishop  also 
writes  to  the  Council :  "  After  six  days' 
stay  at  Highgate,  Lady  Arabella  travelled 
thither,  but  was  very  ill  on  the  journey," 
Ac.  (Cal.  State  Papers  Dom.). 

I  could  make  a  shrewd  conjecture  as  to 
the  approximate  site  of  this  house  of  Sir 
William  Bond's,  but,  as  I  am  not  guessing, 
will  leave  the  facts  to  speak  for  themselves. 
JOSEPH  COLYEB  MABBIOTT. 

36,  Claremont  Road,  Highgate. 

LEAMINGTON-ON-SEA. — One  has  heard  of 
the  American  in  England  who  was  afraid 
of  walking  over  the  edge  of  the  island.  He 
is  probably  now  on  the  staff  of  The  Globe, 
and  has  been  taking  a  morning  header  in 
the  Atlantic  from  some  vantage  ground  in 


Warwickshire.     We  are  told  by  The  Globe, 
2  June,  1908  :-— 

"  The  Regent  Hotel  at  Leamington  Spa,  as  a  pod 
centre  for  Shakespeare's  country,  offers  an  excellent 
seaside  resort.  It  has^arge  garage  and  stables,  and 
ample  accommodation  for  motorists.  The  roads  in 
the  surrounding  country  are  good." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  VOTES  FOB  WOMEN."  —  No  politics, 
please,  Mr.  Editor.  But  the  following 
anticipatory  lines  are  so  appropriate  and 
so  quotable  that  it  is  a  pity  not  to  repro- 
duce them  : — 

For  though  we  cannot  boast  of  equal  force, 
Yet  at  some  weapons  men  have  still  the  worse. 
Why  should  not  then  we  women  act  alone  ? 

Oh,  would  the  higher  powers  be  kind  to  us, 
And  grant  us  to  set  up  a  female  house  ! 

John  Dryden's  Epilogue  to  '  Secret  Love,' 
1672,  ed.  Robert  Bell,  iii.  207. 

The  "  house "  was  a  playhouse,  not  a 
Parliament  house.  W.  C.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


KING'S  SILVEB  :  LINCOLN  COLLEGE. — 
Will  some  reader  kindly  throw  light  on  the 
following  entries  found  in  the  accounts  of 
the  Bursars  of  Lincoln  College  under  the 
years  1525  and  1528  ?  In  1525,  "  payde 
to  the  kyng  when  our  church  dore  of  long 
Combe  was  sealed  up  for  the  kings  silver, 
IQd.  ";  and  in  the  accounts  of  1528,  "for 
oure  3  churches,  the  Kyng's  silver,  9s.  4d., 
viz.  Long  Combe,  Halhalowys,  and  Sanct 
Michael."  It  may  be  added  that  the  church 
of  Long  Combe,  which  lay  within  the  ancient 
demesne  of  Woodstock  Manor,  was  previous 
to  1478  in  the  possession  of  Eynsham  Abbey. 
In  that  year  it  was  given  to  Lincoln  College, 
together  with  the  church  of  Twyford  in 
Bucks,  by  Bishop  Rotherham  of  Lincoln 
just  before  he  became  Archbishop  of  York. 
These  two  impropriated  churches  formed 
a  portion  of  the  increased  endowments  with 
which  Rotherham  ref  ounded  Lincoln  College. 
St.  Michael  at  the  North  Gate  and  All 
Saints',  both  in  Oxford  itself,  formed  part 
of  the  original  foundation  by  Richard 
Fleming,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  in  1417.  All 
four  churches  were  served  by  resident 
chaplains  appointed  by  the  Rector  of  the 
College.  S.  SPENCEB  PEABCE, 

Vicar  of  Long  Combe,  Oxon. 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is, 


MANOR  IDENTIFICATION  IN  DIVERS 
COUNTIES. — The  Devon  and  Cornwall  Record 
Society  are  publishing  the  Feet  of  Fines  for 
the  counties  of  Cornwall  and  Devon.  In 
the  series  of  Fines  in  Divers  Counties  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  III.  (to  be  published  in  the 
next  issue)  the  following  free  tenements  and 
manors  are  to  be  met  with.  I  am  anxious 
to  identify  these  places  and  to  give  the 
modern  equivalents  for  them  as  foot-notes. 
I  should  be  glad  also  to  receive  hints  as  to 
where  I  could  find  information  about  the 
parties  concerned  in  the  Fines.  The  county, 
the  place  needing  identification,  the  parties 
concerned,  and  the  date  of  the  Fine  are 
given  herewith. 

Dorset  (Ywer).— Countess  of  Kent  v.  John  de 
Burgo,  1247. 

Kent  (Cleyndon). — Wm.de  St.  Amando  v.  Almeric 
de  St.  A.,  1239. 

Gloucester  (La  Wyke  de  Cerney).— Ditto. 

Norfolk  (Burgh). — Countess  of  Kent  v.  John  de 
Burgo,  1247. 

Norfolk  (Causton).— Ditto. 

Norfolk  (Newton).— Ditto. 

Stafford  (Erleye).— Ditto. 

Somerset  (Camel).— Ditto. 

Somerset  (Cherleton).— Ditto. 

Somerset  (Hengstregge). — Ditto. 

Somerset  (Tottebere).— Isabella  de  Percy  v.  Adam 
de  Gay,  1243. 

Suffolk  (Exinges).— William  de  St.  A.  v.  Almeric 
de  St.  Amando,  1239. 

Suffolk  (Westhal).— Countess  of  Kent  v.  John  de 
Burgo,  1247. 

Suffolk  (Suther ton).— Ditto. 

Suffolk  (Terrington).— Ditto. 

Sussex  (Babinton).— Wm.  de  Englefield  v.  Alan 
Basset,  1235. 

Sussex  (Gretham).— Wm.  de  Englefield  v.  Gilbert 
de  Basevil,  1236. 

Warwick  (Cumpton).—  Countess  of  Kent  ?•.  John 
de  Burgo,  1247. 

Wilts  (Cortington).— Prior  of  Farleye  v.  Beginald 
de  Boterell,  1259. 

Oxford  (Northbrok).— Isabella  Percy  v.  Adam  de 
Gay,  1243. 

Oxford  (Lachebrok).— Abbot  of  Grestong  v.  Peter 
Fitz  Oger,  1250. 

Replies  direct  would  oblige. 

J.  HAMBLEY  ROWE,  M.B. 

88,  Horton  Grange  Road,  Bradford. 

"CHARMING-BELLS"  TOR  BIRD-CATCHING. 
—I  have  recently  obtained  a  set  of  what  are 
here  known  as  "  charming-bells."  The  set 
consists  of  three  small  bells  affixed  to  a 
wooden  frame,  to  which  a  handle  is  attached. 
The  pastime  of  "charming"  birds,  for 
which  these  bells  were  used,  differed  essen- 
tially from  "  bird-batting"  or  "  bat-fowling," 
inasmuch  as  no  nets  were  required.  The 
operators,  three  or  four  in  a  company 
(and  several  companies  might  be  at  work 
in  the  same  coppice  at  the  same  time), 


entered  the  wood  or  coppice  where  the  birds 
were  roosting,  bearing  lanterns  and  keeping 
up  an  incessant  ringing  with  the  bells.  The 
modus  operandi  somewhat  recalls  the  strata- 
gem of  Gideon,  for  the  birds — chiefly 
thrushes,  blackbirds,  fieldfares,  redwings, 
(locally  "windles"),  and  starlings  (smaller 
birds  being  disregarded) — terrified  by  the 
noise,  and  dazed  by  the  lantern  glare, 
suffered  themselves  to  be  taken  by  the 
hand,  or,  if  roosting  aloft,  as  was  the  case 
on  still  nights,  to  be  knocked  down  with 
the  poles  which  the  lads  carried.  A  dark 
night  with  no  moon  was,  I  am  informed, 
essential  to  success. 

This  method  of  taking  birds  was  very 
common  in  this  neighbourhood  until  some- 
fifty  or  sixty  years  ago,  when,  owing  to  the 
increase  of  game  preservation,  it  seems  to 
have  died  out,  and  only  elderly  folk  know 
anything  about  it.  The  sets  of  bells  have 
been  broken  up,  and  the  bells  in  many  cases 
adapted  to  other  uses.  I  imagine  that  sets- 
are  now  very  rarely  to  be  met  with. 

I  should  much  like  to  know  whether 
"charming"  birds  was  practised  in  other 
parts  of  England,  and  whether  the  sport  is 
mentioned  in  old  writers.  W.  F.  ROSE. 

Hutton  Rectory,  Weston-super-Mare. 

OLD  TUNES. — Is  there  any  known  meaning 
to  the  name  of  "  Money  Musk  "  or  "  Moni- 
musk  "  ?  What  is  its  provenance  ? 

In  Miles' s  song  in  '  Fryar  Bacon '  the 
fiddlers  are  made  to  play  '  The  Winning  of 
Bullen '  and  '  Upsy  Frees.'  I  suppose  the 
former  refers  to  the  taking  of  Boulogne 
under  Henry  VIII.  The  latter  sounds 
tantalizingly  Dutch :  of  what  phrase,  if 
any,  is  it  a  corruption  ? 

FORREST  MORGAN. 
Hartford,  Conn. 

STEERING-WHEEL. — About  what  date  did 
the  steering-wheel  supplant  the  long  tiller 
aboard  ship  ?  When  the  change  was  made, 
was  the  barrel  (?)  horizontal,  as  to-day,  or 
vertical,  like  a  capstan  ?  All  the  works 
I  have  consulted  (and  they  are  many)  care- 
fully avoid  these  particulars.  C.  E.  D. 
Dublin,  New  Hampshire. 

E.  THAYER. — I  am  trying  to  trace  an 
ancestor  named  Ephraim  Thayer,  born 
July,  1727,  in  Norton,  Mass.,  who  went  to 
England,  entered  the  British  Navy,  and 
rose  to  some  degree  of  distinction.  Accord- 
ing to  a  Thayer  family  memorial,  "  He  was 
promoted  from  grade  to  grade,  until  he  was- 
appointed  Admiral  of  his  Majesty's  fleets." 
He  is  said  to  have  lived  to  an  advanced  age* 
possibly  until  1814. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  loos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


Is  there  in  British  records,  naval  or  other, 
any  account  of  such  a  man  ?  I  am  sceptical 
regarding  his  rank,  but,  whatever  his 
position,  I  desire  to  ascertain  when  and 
where  he  died,  and,  incidentally,  any  other 
facts  relating  to  his  personal  history. 

J.  H.  REED. 
7,  Hervey  Street,  Brockton,  Mass. 

*  SWEET  NAN  OF  HAMPTON  GREEN.' — 
I  have  a  nice  hand-coloured  print  bearing 
this  title.  "Nan"  is  seated  on  a  bank 
under  the  shade  of  a  tree,  her  "swain" 
seated  on  her  left,  piping  upon  a  flute  after 
the  manner  so  often  shown  in  old  prints. 
The  dresses  of  both  Nan  and  her  swain 
show  resplendent  colours.  The  print  is 
shorn  of  margin  except  at  the  foot.  It  is 
dated  15  July,  1803,  and  was  issued  by  Valen- 
tine Bernada  and  Cermenati,  London,  and 
at  North  Row,  Boston.  Is  anything  known 
about  *  Sweet  Nan  of  Hampton  Green '  ? 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

'  THE  NATIONAL  JOURNAL,'  1746. — George 
Gordon  of  the  Middle  Temple  was  arrested 
on  a  charge  of  admitting  a  treasonable 
article  into  his  paper,  The  National  Journal, 
or  The  Country  Gazette  (No.  35),  which  was 
printed  by  John  Purser  at  Red  Lion 
Court,  Fleet  Street  (S.P.  George  II.  Dom., 
Bundle  84).  Was  he  the  George  Gordon 
who  wrote  *  The  Annals  of  Europe '  in  six 
volumes  (1739-43)  ?  What  is  further 
known  of  the  aforesaid  prosecution  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

TITLES  CONFERRED  BY  CROMWELL. — Can 
any  one  tell  us  where  we  can  see  a  list  of  the 
titles  given  by  the  Protector  ?  That  he 
made  several  baronets  and  knights  we  are 
aware ;  and  we  have  heard  it  stated  that 
.he  also  created  some  one — a  Howard,  we 
think — a  peer,  quite  independently  of  those 
whom  he  summoned  to  his  new  House  of 
Lords.  We  are  anxious  to  know  whether 
this  was  so,  and,  in  case  the  statement  be 
correct,  where  the  form  of  the  writ  used  on 
the  occasion  may  be  seen.  N.  M.  &  A. 

HARTLEY  COLERIDGE. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  of  any  periodical  or  periodicals 
in  addition  to  Blackwood's  Magazine,  The 
London  Magazine,  The  Winter's  Wreath, 
and  The  Janus,  in  which  contributions  from 
the  pen  of  Hartley,  either  in  prose  or  verse 
(essays,  letters,  sonnets,  stanzas,  &c.),  are 
to  be  found  ?  If  not,  can  any  one  suggest 
periodicals  of  a  like  nature,  or  small  and 
ephemeral  publications,  to  which  Hartley 


Coleridge  would  be  likely  to  contribute  ? 
Hartley's  chief  period  of  contribution  to 
periodicals  seems  to  have  ranged  from  1820 
to  1832,  but  he  may  have  contributed 
essays  and  verses  to  various  magazines  any 
time  up  to  his  death  in  1849.  There  is  a 
posthumous  edition  of  his  works,  but  the 
names  of  the  periodicals  in  which  the  essays 
or  verses  first  appeared  are  not  stated. 

J.  B. 

"DANDY  AFFAIR,"  1816:  "RATS'  CLUB 
DINNER." — Can  any  one  give  explanations 
of  the  following  quotations  from  a  letter  of 
May,  1816  ? 

1.  "  The  Dandy  affair  is  a  very,  very  bad  one,  get 
out  of  it  how  they  will.  I  hate  the  idea  of  Alvanley 
being  tarnished,  because  he  is  wanted.      As   to 
Brummell,  tempus  abire  est" 

2.  "Who  wrote  the  account  of  the  Rats'  Club 
dinner  ?    It  is  inimitable." 

J.  F.  B. 

GILBERT  IMLAY'S  *  EMIGRANTS.' — Can  any 
one  tell  me  where  I  can  get  or  see  a  complete 
edition  of  *  The  Emigrants,'  a  novel  in  3  vols. 
by  Gilbert  Imlay  (Mary  Wollstonecraft's 
first  husband),  published  in  1793  by  A. 
Hamilton,  Holborn  ?  The  copy  in  the 
British  Museum  has  only  the  first  volume. 

CA.  J. 

STEELE  AND  ADDISON. — Says  Thackeray 
in  his  '  English  Humourists  '  : — 

"  Could  not  some  painter  give  an  interview  be- 
tween the  gallant  Captain  of  Lucar's,  with  his  hat 
cocked,  and  his  lace,  and  his  face,  too,  a  trifle 
tarnished  with  drink,  and  that  poet,  that  philo- 
sopher, pale,  proud,  and  poor,  his  friend  and 
monitor  of  schooldays,  of  all  days?" 

Has  any  painter  ever  ventured  to  stake  his 
reputation  on  such  an  "  interview  "  ?  There 
is  a  woodcut  in  Thackeray's  volume  beneath 
the  words : — 

"  Cannot  one  fancy  Joseph  Addison's  calm  smile 
and  cold  grey  eyes  following  Dick  for  an  instant, 
as  he  struts  down  the  Mall  to  dine  with  the  guard 
at  St.  James's,  before  he  turns,  with  his  sober  pace 
and  threadbare  suit,  to  walk  back  to  his  lodgings 
up  the  two  pair  of  stairs  ?" 

But  it  is  only  a  woodcut. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

UNION  LIGHT  DRAGOONS,  1780. — I  have 
been  asked  to  ascertain  the  history  of  a 
large  damask  tablecloth,  in  the  centre  of 
which  is  a  soldier  on  horseback.  Above 
appear  the  words  "  Union  Light  Dragoons  "  ; 
and  below,  "  Formed  September  12th,  1780." 
Who  were  these  dragoons  ?  Was  the  table- 
cloth for  ordinary  mess  use,  or  for  a  special 
occasion  ?  B.  S.  B. 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is,  im 


CAPT.  CHARLES  GILL,  R.N. — I  shall  be 
glad  to  learn  the  parentage  and  services 
of  Capt.  Gill,  R.N.,  who  was  of  Sandgate 
from  1829  until  about  1838. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

"  TANNER  "  =  SIXPENCE. —  According  to 
Mr.  Wheat  ley  ('  London  Past  and  Present '), 
J.  Sigismund  Tanner,  Chief  Engineer  to  the 
Mint,  died  in  Edwards  Street,  Portman 
Square,  in  1773. 

Was  it  from  this  official  that  the  sixpence 
acquired  its  slang  name  of  a  "  tanner  "  ? 

JOHN  HEBB. 

BENEDICT  ARNOLD. — -His  son  was  in  the 
6th  Light  Horse  in  India.  What  became 
of  him  ?  A.  C.  H. 


JUplfcs. 


YANKEE 


*  KITTY    FISHER'S    JIG': 
DOODLE.' 

(10  S.  ix.  50,  98,  197,  236,  337,  471.) 

PROBABLY  few  words  in  the  language  have 
excited  greater  interest  than  "  Yankee," 
since  for  one  hundred  and  forty-three  years 
people  have  been  writing  about  it ;  yet  we 
know  as  little  about  its  origin  now  as  did 
the  Scotchman  who  first  commented  upon 
it  in  1765.  Hence  new  facts  about  either 
Yankee  or  Yankee  Doodle  are  always 
welcome  ;  but  they  must  be  facts,  and  not 
guesses  or  erroneous  statements.  DR.  GRAT- 
TAN  FLOOD'S  communication  at  the  last 
reference  invites  the  following  remarks. 

1.  "  The  air  itself,"  says  DR.  FLOOD,  "  is 
genuinely  Irish,  and  was  known  in  Ireland 
in    1750    as    '  All    the   Way    to    Galway.'  " 
(a)  What  proof  has  DR.  FLOOD  that  the  air 
of  '  Yankee  Doodle  '  and  the  air  of  '  All  the 
Way  to  Galway  '  are  identical  ?     (6)  If  they 
are  identical,  what  proof  has  DR.  FLOOD  that 
'  All  the  Way   to   Galway '    is    "  genuinely 
Irish,"  or  that  it  was  known  in  Ireland  in 
1750  ? 

2.  "  It,"  continues  DR.  FLOOD,  referring 
to    the   air    of   '  All  the  Way  to  Galway,' 
"  apparently  drifted  over  to  England  about 
1755,  in  which  year  Dr.  Shuckburgh  adapted 
the  words  of  '  Yankee  Doodle  '  to  it."     Dr. 
Richard  Shuckburgh,  who  died  at  Schenec- 
tady  (New  York)  on  16  Aug.,  1773,  was  not 
in  England  in  1755,  but  in  America,  where 
for  several  years  he  was  a  surgeon  in  the 
British  Army— first  in  the  Four  Independent 
Companies  at  New  York,  later  in  the  17th 


Regiment  of  Foot.  The  story  about  Dr. 
Shuckburgh  having  written  the  words  of 
4  Yankee  Doodle '  did  not  originate  until 
or  after  1815,  was  not  printed  until  about 
1820  (the  exact  date  has  never  been  dis- 
covered), and,  while  perhaps  true,  is  with- 
out one  iota  of  proof  in  its  support. 

3.  "It  caught  on  at  once  in  America," 
writes  DR.  FLOOD,  "  and  was  introduced  into 
a  comic  opera,  '  The  Disappointment,'  by 
Andrew  Barton  at  Philadelphia,  in  April, 
1767,  and  published  by  Samuel  Taylor." 
A  period  of  twelve  years  is  not  the  present 
writer's  idea  of  "  at  once."  But,  as  stated 
above,  there  is  no  proof  that  '  Yankee 
Doodle  '  was  known  in  this  country  in  1755, 
for  the  1767  comic  opera  contains  the 
earliest  known  allusion  to  '  Yankee  Doodle  ' 
under  that  name.  This  play  was  probably 
not  written  by  Andrew  Barton,  and  was 
certainly  not  published  by  Samuel  Taylor. 
The  title  is  in  part  as  follows  : — 

"  The  Disappointment :  Or,  The  Force  of  Credu- 
lity. A  New  American  Comic-Opera,  Of  Two  Acts. 

By  Andrew  Barton,  Esq New  York  :  Printed  in 

the  Year,  M,DCC,LXVII." 

The  opera  was  advertised  in  The  Pennsyl- 
vania Chronicle  of  13  April,  1767  (i.  47), 
to  be  performed  "  At  the  New  Theatre  in 
Southwark,"  Philadelphia,  on  20  April ; 
but  in  The  Pennsylvania  Gazette  of  16  April 
(p.  3)  it  was  announced  as  withdrawn 
because,  "as  it  contains  personal  Reflec- 
tions," it  "  is  unfit  for  the  Stage."  A  copy 
of  the  opera  owned  by  the  Library  Company 
of  Philadelphia  has  written  in  ink  on  the 
title-page  the  words,  "  by  Col.  Thomas 
Forrest  of  Germantown.  S."  Who  "  S." 
was,  I  do  not  know  ;  but  John  F.  Watson, 
the  historian  of  Philadelphia,  stated  in 
1830  ('  Annals  of  Philadelphia,'  p.  232)  that 
"  Mr.  Forrest  wrote  a  very  humorous  play 
(which  I  have  seen  printed)."  There  can 
be  no  doubt  that  Watson  alluded  to  '  The 
Disappointment.'  The  opera  was  adver- 
tised in  The  Pennsylvania  Chronicle  of 
13  April,  1767  (i.  48),  as  "  Just  Published, 
and  to  be  sold  at  Samuel  Taylor's,  Book- 
Binder,  at  the  Corner  of  Market  and  Water 
Streets,  price  One  Shilling  and  Sixpence." 
Hence  Samuel  Taylor  was  merely  the 
Philadelphia  bookseller,  not  the  New  York 
publisher. 

4.  "  The  references,"  remarks  DR.  FLOOD, 
"  to  '  Kitty  Fisher  '  and  to  '  Macaroni '  fix 
the  date  of  the  song  as  between  1755  and 
1760."  DR.  FLOOD  has  here  confused  two 
totally  distinct  things — the  '  Yankee  Doodle' 
song  and  the  nursery  rime  beginning  "  Lucy 
Locket  lost  her  pocket,  Kitty  Fisher  found 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


it."  No  version  of  '  Yankee  Doodle ' 
known  in  this  country  contains  a  reference 
to  Kitty  Fisher.  As  for  the  nursery  rime, 
the  earliest  allusion  to  it  known  to  the 
present  writer  is  under  date  of  1832. 
Whether  the  Kitty  Fisher  of  the  nursery 
rime  has  anything  to  do  with  "  the  cele- 
brated Miss  Kitty  Fisher,"  as  she  was  called, 
who  married  John  Norris,  jun.,  is  uncertain. 
While  at  the  present  time  a  version  of 
'  Yankee  Doodle '  sung  in  this  country 
contains  the  word  "  macaroni,"  yet  this 
version  is  modern,  and  was  unknown  previous 
to  1800.  Hence  "  the  references  to  '  Kitty 
Fisher'  and  to  'Macaroni'"  do  not  fix 
"  the  date  of  the  song  as  between  1755  and 
1760,"  because  no  version  of  '  Yankee 
Doodle  '  contains  a  reference  to  Kitty  Fisher, 
and  no  version  of  '  Yankee  Doodle '  before 
1800  contains  a  reference  to  "  macaroni." 
Much  nonsense  has  been  written  about  "  the 
original  '  Yankee  Doodle '  song."  If  there 
ever  was  such  a  song,  it  cannot  be  too 
strongly  insisted  upon  that  the  words  are 
absolutely  and  utterly  lost.  The  present 
writer  has  searched  every  conceivable  source 
of  information,  including  many  American 
and  London  newspapers  from  1754  to  1780, 
and  has  found  no  words  until  about  1790. 

5.  Speaking  of  '  Fisher's  Jig,'  DR.  FLOOD 
says  that  "  the  jig,  even  under  its  adapted 
title  of  '  Yankee  Doodle,'  was  known  in 
1756."  When  and  where  was  it  known 
under  that  name,  or  under  any  other  name, 
in  1756  ?  The  earliest  known  allusion  to 
*  Yankee  Doodle '  under  that  name  is  in 
the  1767  comic  opera  mentioned  above. 
Nor  has  any  one  yet  produced  proof  that 
the  air  was  known  under  any  name  previous 
to  1767.  ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 


QUEEN  CAROLINE  (10  S.  ix.  449,  495). — 
MR.  MORETON  might  have  looked  up  the 
authorities  before  attempting  to  reawaken 
ridicule  of  a  great  and  good  man.  If  he 
had  read  either  Adolphus's  '  Trial  of  Her 
Majesty  Caroline,  Queen  Consort  of  Great 
Britain,'  or  Huish's  '  Trial  at  large  of  Her 
Majesty  Caroline  Amelia  Elizabeth,  Queen 
of  Great  Britain,  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
printed  verbatim  from  the  authenticated 
Journals  of  the  House  of  Peers,'  he  would 
have  seen  that  Denman's  peroration  was 
in  these  words  : — 

"  who,  not  in  a  case  like  this,  where  innocence  is 
manifest,  but  where  guilt  was  detected  and  vice 
revealed,  said,  '  If  no  accuser  can  come  forward  to 
condemn  thee,  neither  do  I  condemn  thee  ;  go,  and 
sin  no  more '  "— 


surely  a  vastly  different  sentence  from  that 
quoted  on  the  authority  of  Sir  William 
Fraser's  volume. 

That  Denman  himself  regretted  his  refer- 
ence to  the  woman  taken  in  adultery  is 
clear  from  an  extract  from  his  own  personal 
narrative  given  in  Arnould's  *  Memoir.' 
Therein  he  says  : — 

"  I  hope  that  [my  speech]  was  of  some  use  to  the 
Queen,  though  the  unfortunate  turn  that  was,  not 
quite  unjustly,  given  to  the  parable  of  the  woman 
taken  in  adultery  has  given  me  some  of  the  bitterest 
moments  of  my  life.  Not  that  the  subject  was 
unfit  to  be  touched,  for  it  could  not  fail  to  have 
some  effect  on  persons  possessing  religious  feelings ; 
but  it  ought  not  to  have  formed  the  concluding 
sentence,  and  might  have  been  more  guardedly 
introduced,  and  more  dextrously  softened  off.  It 
came  into  my  head  after  ten  hours'  speaking,  at 
four,  when  the  house  had  uniformly  adjourned 
with  the  utmost  punctuality,  and  at  a  moment 
when  the  feelings  of  that  assembly  were  wrought 
up  to  the  very  highest  pitch.  These  circumstances 
account  in  some  degree  for  an  indiscretion  which 
nothing  can  fully  justify." 

Let  me  quote  one  other  passage  from 
Sir  Joseph  Arnould's  '  Memoir  of  Lord 
Denman '  (vol.  i.  p.  155)  : — 

"  In  reply  to  the  suggestion  that  though  all  par- 
ticular mention  of  the  Queen's  name  was  omitted 
from  the  Liturgy,  she  might  yet  be  considered  as 
being  comprised  in  the  general  prayer  for  the  royal 
family,  he  said,  in  a  tone  of  the  deepest  and  most 
solemn  pathos,  that  '  if  Her  Majesty  was  included 
in  any  general  prayer,  it  was  the  prayer  for  all  that 
are  desolate  and  oppressed.' " 

ARTHUR  DENMAN,  F.S.A. 

CORNISH  AND  OTHER  APPARITIONS  (10  S. 
ix.  325,  392  ;  x.  35).— Samuel  Drew,  re- 
ferred to  in  the  first  note,  edited  the  '  His- 
tory of  Cornwall '  by  Fortescue  Hitchins. 
In  the  second  volume  of  that,  in  more  senses 
than  one,  ponderous  work,  on  pp.  549  et  seq., 
is  the  following  story.  I  have  condensed 
it  by  the  omission  of  unnecessary  words. 

"A  ghost  made  its  appearance  in  this  parish 
[South  Petherwinl.  It  was  said  to  have  been  seen 
by  a  son  of  Mr.  Bligh,  by  his  father  and  mother, 
and  by  the  Rev.  John  Ruddle.  The  relation  given 
by  Mr.  Ruddle  is  in  substance  as  follows :  Young 
Mr.  Bligh,  a  lad  of  no  common  attainments,  be- 
came, on  a  sudden,  pensive  and  melancholy.  He 
was  induced,  after  some  time,  to  inform  his  brother 
that  in  a  field  he  was  invariably  met  by  an  appa- 
rition of  a  woman  whom  he  knew  while  living,  and 
who  had  been  dead  about  eight  years.  Ridicule, 
threats,  and  persuasions  were  used  in  vain  to  in- 
duce him  to  dismiss  these  absurd  ideas.  Mr.  Ruddle 
was  sent  for,  to  whom  the  lad  communicated  the 
time,  manner,  and  frequency  of  this  appearance. 
The  apparition,  he  said,  appeared  in  female  attire, 
met  him  two  or  three  times,  glided  hastily  by  him, 
but  never  spoke.  At  length  the  appearance  be- 
came more  frequent,  but  always  in  the  same  field. 
He  often  spoke  to  it,  but  could  never  get  any  reply. 
He  forsook  the  field  and  went  to  school  and  re- 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      no  s.  x.  JULY  is,  iocs. 


turned  through  a  lane,  in  which  place  it  always 
met  him.  Unable  to  disbelieve  his  senses,  he  pre- 
vailed upon  Mr.  Ruddle  to  accompany  him  to  the 
place.  *  I  arose,'  says  this  clergyman,  *  the  next 
morning,  and  went  with  him.  We  went  into  the 
field,  and  had  not  gone  a  third  part  before  the 
spectrum,  in  the  shape  of  a  woman,  passed  by.  I 
was  a  little  surprised,  and  though  I  had  taken  up 
a  firm  resolution  to  speak  to  it,  I  had  not  the 
power. 

"  On  the  27th  July,  1665,  I  went  to  the  haunted 
field  by  myself,  and  then  the  spectre  appeared  to 
me.  It  appeared  to  move  swifter  than  before.  I 
had  not  time  to  speak  to  it.  The  parents,  the 
son,  and  myself  being  in  the  chamber  where  I 
lay,  I  proposed  our  going  altogether  to  the  place 
the  next  morning.  We  nad  not  gone  more  than 
half  the  field  before  the  ghost  made  its  appearance, 
and  moved  with  such  rapidity  that  by  the  time  we 
had  gone  six  or  seven  steps  it  had  passed  by.  I  ran 
after  it,  with  the  young  man.  We  saw  it  pass  over 
the  stile.  I  stepped  upon  the  hedge  at  one  place, 
and  the  young  man  at  another,  but  we  could  discern 
nothing;  whereas  the  swiftest  horse  in  England 
could  not  have  conveyed  himself  out  of  sight  in 
that  short  time.  A  spaniel  dog,  which  had  followed 
the  company  unregarded,  barked  and  ran  away,  as 
the  spectrum  passed  by.  The  motion  of  the  spectrum 
was  not  gradation  or  by  steps,  but  by  a  kind  of 
gliding,  as  children  upon  ice,  which  punctually  [sic] 
answers  the  description  the  ancients  give  of  these 
Lemurea.  This  evidence  clearly  convinced,  but 
withal  strangely  affrighted,  the  old  gentleman  and 
his  wife.  They  well  knew  this  woman,  Dorothy 
Durant,  and  now  plainly  saw  her  features  in  this 
apparition.  The  next  morning  I  went  by  myself 
and  walked  for  about  an  hour,  in  meditation  and 

frayer,  in  the  field  adjoining.  Soon  after  five, 
stepped  into  the  haunted  field,  and  had  not 
gone  above  thirty  or  forty  paces  before  the  ghost 
appeared.  I  spoke  to  it  in  short  sentences,  with  a 
loud  voice.  It  approached  me  but  slowly,  and  when 
I  came  near,  it  moved  not.  I  spoke  again,  arid  it 
answered  in  a  voice  neither  audible  nor  very 
intelligible.  I  was  not  terrified,  and  therefore 
persisted  until  it  spoke  again  and  gave  me  satisfac- 
tion ;  but  the  work  could  not  be  finished  at  this 
time.  Whereupon  the  same  evening  it  met  me 
again  near  the  same  place,  and  after  a  few  words  on 
each  side  it  quietly  vanished,  and  neither  doth 
appear  now,  nor  ever  will  more  to  any  man's 
disturbance.  The  discourse  in  the  morning  lasted 
about  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  These  things  are  true, 
and  until  I  can  be  persuaded  that  my  senses  all 
deceive  me,  and  by  that  persuasion  deprive  myself 
of  the  strongest  inducement  to  believe  the  Christian 
religion,  I  must  and  will  assert  that  the  things 
contained  in  this  paper  are  true.  I  know  full  well 
with  what  difficulty  relations  of  so  uncommon  a 
nature  obtain  belief.  Through  the  ignorance  of 
men  in  our  age  in  this  peculiar  and  mysterious 
part  of  philosophy  and  religion,  namely,  the  com- 
munication between  spirits  and  men,  not  one 
scholar  in  ten  thousand  knows  anything  about 
it.  This  ignorance  breeds  fear  and  abhorrence 
of  that  which  might  be  of  incomparable  benefit  to 
mankind. 

"On  this  strange  relation,  the  editor  [of  the  said 
history  says  he]  forbears  to  make  any  comment." 


Bowdon. 


W.  P.  CA. 


SNODGBASS  AS  A  SUBNAME  (10  S.  ix.  427  ; 
x.  10). — Is  the  following  tale  known  ?  There 
was  a  Collector  of  the  name  of  Snodgrass 
in  the  interior  of  Madras  Presidency,  under 
the  Company.  He  was  rumoured  to  be 
living  like  a  prince,  and  never  to  produce  any 
accounts.  A  Special  Commissioner  was 
sent  to  inquire.  It  was  found  that  all  the 
accounts  were  kept  at  an  old  temple  on  an 
island  in  a  lake.  The  Commissioner  rowed 
out  to  the  temple  with  his  host  the  Collector, 
and  all  the  books  were  put  into  a  barge, 
which  straightway  sank  in  deep  water.  An 
unfavourable  report,  and  dismissal  without 
a  pension,  were  the  result.  Mr.  Snodgrass 
came  home,  sat  down  outside  the  India 
Office,  and  swept  the  crossing.  A  crowd 
assembled,  and  there  was  trouble.  To 
get  rid  of  him,  he  was  given  a  pension.  He 
instantly  drove  down  in  his  four-in-hand, 
left  a  card  with  his  compliments  for  the 
Directors,  bowed,  and  drove  away.  After  all 
this  he  sat  on  a  hospital  or  fund  committee 
with  Dickens.  S.  I. 

In  the  July  Catalogue  (275A)  of  Mr. 
Henry  Gray  (Goldsmiths'  Estate,  East 
Acton,  W.),  is  the  following  :— 

"  Snodgrass  (Major  J.  J.),  Narrative  of  the 
Burmese  War,  detailing  the  Operations  of  Maj.-Gen. 
Sir  Arch.  Campbell's  Army,  from  its  Landing  at 
Rangoon  in  May,  1824,  to  1826.  Map  and  illustra- 
tions, 8vo,  bds.,  uncut,  1827,  8s." 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Thomas  Snodgrass,  Chesterfield  Street, 
was  one  of  the  members  of  the  East  India 
Company,  qualified  with  two  votes  at  the 
election  11  April,  1821.  I  have  an  earlier 
list  of  the  members  (1805),  but  no  one 
of  that  name  appears  in  it.  R.  Me. 

CAP  OF  LIBERTY  (10  S.  ix.  507). — See 
several  of  the  best-known  presentments  of 
Wilkes.  "  Wilkes  and  Liberty,"  long  before 
"  the  French  Revolution,"  made  both  the 
British  factions  habitual  users  of  the  Cap 
of  Liberty,  with  which,  indeed,  the  Tories 
sometimes  adorned  the  Devil.  D. 

ST.  JOHN  BAPTIST'S  EVE  :  MIDSUMMER  : 
CORPUS  CHBISTI  (10  S.  ix.  481). — Much  in- 
formation on  this  subject  may  be  found 
in  '  Popular  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain,* 
by  W.  Carew  Hazlitt,  vol.  i.  '  The  Calendar,' 
pp.  169-87.  The  fine  ballads  *  The  Eve 
of  St.  John,'  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and 
'  Song  for  the  Morning  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist's  Day,'  in  Lockhart's  '  Spanish 
Ballads,'  should  not  be  forgotten. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


HIPPOCRATES  LEGEND  (10  S.  ix.  408 ; 
x.  35). — Is  there  any  connexion,  between 
the  legend  referred  to  in  the  poem  of  Paul 
de  Bellviure  and  that  of  '  The  Daughter  of 
Hippocrates,'  told  by  Leigh  Hunt  in  his 
essay  bearing  that  title  ?  C.  C.  B. 

CANNING  PORTRAITS  (10  S.  ix.  448). — 
There  is  a  Hoppner  portrait  of  Canning  at 
Eton.  Lawrence's  fine  whole-length  belongs 
to  Sir  Robert  Peel,  and  is  on  view  at  Graves' s 
Galleries  until  the  25th  inst.  See  also  the 
new  *  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British  Por- 
traits '  in  the  British  Museum. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

"  SABARITICKE  "  (10  S.  ix.  488  ;  x.  33).— 
A  multitude  of  correspondents  have  sent 
to  me  the  obvious,  but,  I  think,  untenable 
suggestion  that  the  word  is  a  misspelling 
or  a  misprint  for  "  Sybaritic."  It  does  not 
seem  to  me  that  "Sybaritic  sea"  would 
have  any  point.  The  only  conjecture 
that  has  occurred  to  me  is  that  the  reference 
may  be  to  "  the  gulf  of  Sabara "  (KOA.TTOS 
Sa/fopaico?),  the  coasts  of  which,  according 
to  Ptolemy,  '  Geog.,'  vii.  2,  §  4,  were  in- 
habited by  cannibals.  But  if  this  be  the 
right  explanation,  it  is  hardly  likely  that 
Hutton  can  be  referring  directly  to  Ptolemy's 
text,  and  it  would  be  of  interest  to  ascertain 
what  was  his  immediate  source. 

HENRY  BRADLEY. 
Clarendon  Press,  Oxford. 

PORTFOLIO  SOCIETY  (10  S.  ix.  510). — 
As  a  member,  from  its  commencement, 
of  the  "  long-defunct  Portfolio  Society," 
about  which  MR.  BRESLAR  is  inquiring, 
let  me  assure  him  that  as  long  as  I  was 
connected  with  it — which  was  till  late  in 
1861 — it  had  nothing  to  do  with  "  the 
reform  of  certain  legal  abuses,"  but  was 
composed  mostly  of  young  people  devoted 
to  literature  and  art.  Besides  Jean  Ingelow, 
there  were  certainly  two  other  poetess- 
members,  Isa  Craig  and  Adelaide  Anne 
Procter,  who,  like  Chibiabos,  was  the 
sweetest  singer  of  all.  Among  Miss  Procter's 
4  Legends  and  Lyrics '  are  several  short 
pieces  which  were  read  at  the  Portfolio 
meetings— '  Too  Late,'  '  Returned— "  Mis- 
sing," !  '  My  Will,'  '  Rest,'  '  The  Tyrant 
and  the  Captive,'  '  Expectation,'  and  *  A 
Contrast '  being  of  the  number. 
^  The  Society  had  its  birth  in  Blandford 
Square  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Benjamin  Smith, 
sometime  M.P.  for  Norwich.  He  had  three 
daughters  liberally  endowed  with  good  looks 
and  intellectual  gifts,  the  eldest  being  Bar- 
bara, afterwards  Madame  Bodichon,  a  clever 


amateur  artist,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Girton  College,  and  the  inspirer  of  the 
Married  Women's  Property  Act.  The 
youngest  sister,  my  contemporary  and 
intimate  friend,  Annie  Leigh  Smith,  was  the 
originator  of  the  Portfolio  Society  and 
the  chooser  of  its  name.  A  subject — some 
well-known  saying,  a  phrase,  or  even  a 
single  word,  to  be  illustrated  by  poem, 
very  brief  essay,  or  oil  or  water-colour 
sketch — would  be  proposed,  the  result 
being  shown  at  our  next  "  merry  meeting." 
As  a  rule,  the  poems  were  read,  and  always 
admirably,  by  one  of  the  other  sex,  often 
George  Mac  Donald,  whose  forte  was  elocu- 
tion ;  and  a  Portfolio  held  the  sketches, 
which,  after  the  reading,  were  turned  over 
and  criticized,  our  votes  deciding  which 
picture  merited  the  prize.  Then  followed 
the  distribution  of  the  sketches  ;  and  I  still 
possess  and  value  a  clever  humorous  drawing 
of  the  canny  Jack  and  the  two-headed 
giant  supping  together,  done  by  the  son 
of  the  well-known  author  of  the  '  Thesaurus.' 

ELEANOR  C.  SMYTH. 
Sonning,  Golder's  Green,  N.  W. 

FIG  TREES  :  MATURING  MEAT  (10  S.  ix. 
389).— As  to  Carica  papaya,  "  the  juice  of 
the  fruit  or  the  macerated  leaves,  if  rubbed 
on  animal  flesh,  make  it  very  tender.  It  is 
best  to  roll  the  meat  and  leaves  together 
for  a  few  hours"  ('New  Cy.  Amer.  Flori- 
culture,' ii.  246).  This  property  was 
known  before  America  was  discovered, 
and  so  Hughes,  in  '  Hy.  Barbadoes,'  1750, 
says :  "If  this  unripe  fruit  when  unpeeled 
is  boiled  with  the  toughest  old  salt  meat,  it 
will  soon  make  it  soft  and  tender."  Heat 
is  not  necessary,  for  the  digestive  activity  is 
quite  as  potent  cold  as  hot.  So  W.I. 
natives  have  always  hung  fowls  and  joints 
in  the  growing  trees  (but  for  this  state- 
ment no  authority  can  now  be  produced, 
my  notes  on  papaw,  pineapple,  and  similar 
vegetable  ferments  being  now  inaccessible). 
"The  milky  juice  of  the  papaw  can  be 
imagined  as  quite  akin  to  the  gastric  or 
pancreatic  juice  of  the  animal  organism" 
('United  States  Dispensatory,'  1907,  p.  1603, 
where  details  are  given  which  would  be 
almost  incredible  were  they  not  in  this 
handbook  of  the  apothecaries).  There  is  a 
variety  quercifolia,  which  is  hardy,  and 
whose  "  large  halberd-shaped  leaves  contain 
a  larger  percentage  of  papaine,  now  used 
in  medicine  in  preference  to  pepsin  "  ('  New 
Cy.  Am.  Floriculture,'  ii.  246),  which  may 
be  what  is  referred  to  in  the  article  cited 
in  the  query. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is, 


The  papaw  being  Carica  papaya,  while 
Ficus  carica  is  the  common  fig,  I  had  sup- 
posed that  similarity  of  name  had  caused 
•confusion  ;  but  it  now  appears  that  Bouchut 
in  1880  found  the  milky  juice  of  the  fig  tree 
to  contain  a  digestive  ferment  similar  to 
that  of  the  papaw,  and  that  Landerer 
(American  Journal  of  Pharmacy,  xxxiii.  215 
found  that  the  unripe  fig  contains  an  irritant 
juice  which  inflames  the  skin,  and  may  even 
•disorganize  it.  Examination  of  Poole's 
"*  Index  of  Periodicals '  (especially  under 
Papaw,  Digests,  and  Ferments)  will  pro- 
bably give  any  further  references  required. 

ROCKINGHAM. 

Boston,  U.S. 

"ABRACADABRA"  (10  S.  ix.  467;  x.  35). 
The  first  two  syllables  remind  one  of,  and 
may  be  akin  to,  the  somewhat  obscure  word 
•abra,  occurring  six  times  in  Wright-Wiilcker's 
*  Vocabularies,'  from  ^Elfric's  glossary  to 
the  fifteenth  century,  as  the  Latin  equivalent 
of  "  bower-maid."  For  the  Greek  see 
Liddell  and  Scott  ;  for  the  Latin,  Du  Cange. 
The  word  has  been  lately  brought  before 
students  by  the  editress  of  *  Emare ' 
{E.E.T.S.,  xcix.)  in  a  learned  note  on  the 
name,  "  Abro,"  of  a  handmaid  in  1.  57, 
almost  certainly  identical  with  the  word  of 
the  glossaries.  The  note  mentions  that 
Sophocles  in  his  lexicon  gives  a  Chaldean 
equivalent  to  "A/3pa,  which  is  of  interest 
as  regards  the  notice  at  the  first  reference 

H.  P.  L. 

"PROMETHEAN"  (10  S.  x.  10).— In  the 
course  of  nearly  fifty  years'  experience  in 
the  drug  and  allied  trades  I  have  never 
heard  ^of,  much  less  seen,  a  fire-lighter 
answering  to  the  description  quoted  by 
DR.  MURRAY.  Indeed,  an  apparatus  of 
the  kind  would  be  extremely  dangerous  : 
sulphuric  acid  is  hardly  a  thing  to  be  played 
with  or  carried  about  familiarly.  Perhaps 
the  dictionary-maker  had  the  German  pipe- 
lighter  in  mind  ;  this,  however,  is  known 
not  as  a  "  promethean,"  but  simply  as  what 
I  have  called  it.  It  may  be  bought  at 
Gamage's  for  eightpence  halfpenny,  and 
though  it  is  not  apparently  in  very  common 
use,  it  is  exceedingly  convenient  for  smokers. 
The  fire  is  generated  by  means  of  platinum 
.and  methylic  alcohol. 

A  "  promethean,"  however,  is  a  very 
different  thing.  It  consists  of  a  stoppered 
bottle  with  a  piece  of  asbestos  attached 
to  the  stopper.  The  bottle  contains  spirit 
of  wine,  and  the  asbestos,  when  saturated 
with  this,  may  be  used  for  lighting  a  pipe 
or  candle  from  another  flame.  It  is  in 


fact  a  substitute  for  a  spill,  nothing  more, 
with  the  advantage  that  the  asbestos, 
being  non-inflammable,  will  last  for  ever. 
Prometheus,  it  should  be  remembered, 
was  not  a  fire-maker,  but  only  a  fire-bringer. 

C.  C.  B. 

The  late  Sir  Frederick  Pollock  tells  us 
in  his  '  Personal  Remembrances '  (vol.  i. 
p.  Ill)  that  when  he  was  a  barrister  on 
circuit  in  1838  he  carried  about  with  him 
cigar-lighters,  which  he  proceeds  to  describe 
— a  small  globule  of  glass  containing  a  strong 
acid  was  enclosed  in  a  twisted  paper  match, 
charged  with  chlorate  of  potass,  and  they 
were  ignited  by  crushing  the  end  of  the 
match.  They  served  their  purpose  well 
enough,  but  were  expensive,  and  were  soon 
superseded  by  the  friction  matches  now  in 
universal  use.  T.  W.  B. 

THE  NOSE  CELESTIAL  (10  S.  ix.  406).— 
Some  years  ago  I  was  told  that  it  was  well 
known  that  the  Chinese  find  the  smell  of  a 
white  man  as  offensive  as  the  white  man 
finds  that  of  the  negro,  or  even  worse. 

What  do  the  negro  himself  and  the  red 
man  think  of  the  pale-face  in  this  respect  ? 
As  "  the  family  Hominidae  contains  but  one 
genus,  Homo,  and  probably  but  one  species, 
H.  sapiens,"  it  is  curious  that  scents  which 
are  so  distinctive  and  so  repellent  should 
exist. 

It  is  said  that  any  horse  which  is  not 
accustomed  to  asses  is  disturbed  when  it 
first  scents  one  of  them  ;  but  these  animals 
do  not  readily  mate  together,  as  the  different 
races  of  men  are  in  the  habit  of  doing.  With 
them  the  objectionable  odour  may  be  a 
warning  which  teaches  them  that  the 
creature  producing  it  is  of  alien  breed,  a 
stranger  who  ought  to  remain  a  stranger. 

S.  R. 

EDWARDS  OF  HALIFAX  (10  S.  ix.  510). — 
A  paragraph  on  James  Edwards  of  Halifax 
and  his  bindings  will  be  found  in  '  Biblio- 
graphica,'  vol.  ii.  p.  405,  published  by 
Messrs.  Kegan  Paul  &  Co.  in  1896. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

H.  C.  WISE  (10  S.  ix.  510).— According 
to  "  Members  of  Parliament,  Part  II., 
ordered,  by  the  House  of  Commons,  to  be 
printed  1  March,  1878"  (Parliamentary 
Paper  69-i),  Henry  Christopher  Wise,  Esq., 
was  on  24  July,  1865,  elected  for  Warwick 
bounty  (Southern  Division),  his  colleague 
Deing  Sir  Charles  Mordaunt,  Bt.  He  was 
re-elected  on  21  Nov.,  1868,  for  the  same 
onstituency,  his  colleague  being  John 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is, 


MOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


Hardy,  Esq.  (Pp.  470,  486).  This  is  the 
•only  H.  C.  Wise  whose  name  appears  in  the 
indexes,  which  are  Parliamentary  Paper 
180-iii  of  1879.  This  includes  the  Parlia- 
ments of  Great  Britain,  1705-96,  and  those 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  1801-85,  and  Scot- 
land and  Ireland. 

There  are  Ayshford  Wise,  Totnes  Borough, 
9  Oct.,  1812,  (p.  259)  ;  John  Ayshford  Wise, 
•of  Clayton  Hall,  co.  Stafford,  elected  for 
Stafford  Borough  8  July,  1852,  and  28  March, 
1857,  and  (presumably  the  same)  30  April, 
1859  (pp.  421,  437,  453).  These  pages  refer 
to  Parliamentary  Paper  69-i. 

Thomas  Wyse,  jun.,  of  the  Manor  of 
St.  John's,  county  of  the  City  of  Waterford, 
was  elected  for  Tipperary  County  21  Aug., 
1830,  and  again  12  May,  1831  (then  described 
as  "of  the  Manor  of  St.  John,  in  the  city 
of  Waterford");  also  Thomas  Wyse,  jun. 
<no  address  given),  was  elected  for  Waterford 
€ity  17  Jan.,  1835  ;  also  Thomas  Wyse 
(not  called  junior),  of  the  Manor  of  St.  John's, 
was  elected  for  Waterford  City  7  Aug.,  1837  ; 
re-elected  6  Sept.,  1839,  after  appointment 
as  one  of  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the 
Treasury  ;  Thomas  Wyse  (no  address  given) 
was  elected  for  Waterford  City  12  July, 
1841  (pp.  327,  339,  363,  378,  396). 

Maurice  Wise  (not  Wyse)  of  Waterford 
was  elected  to  the  Parliament  of  Ireland  for 
Waterford  City  January,  1559  (p.  634). 

No  Wise  or  Wyse  other  than  those  which 
I  have  given  appears  in  these  Indexes. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

Henry  Christopher  Wise  was  M.P.  for 
"South  Warwickshire  1865-74,  and  certainly 
not  "  about  1826."  He  was  of  Woodcote, 
•co.  Warwick,  and  died  15  Jan.,  1883.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Stanier  Porten, 
and  his  second  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Edward  Cromwell  Disbrowe. 

Ayshford  Wise  was  M.P.  for  Totnes  1812- 
1818,  and  died  12  June,  1847,  and  his  son 
John  Ayshford  Wise,  of  Clayton  Hall,  co. 
'Stafford,  was  M.P.  for  Stafford  1852-60, 
and  died  9  Sept.,  1870. 

ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 
Leamington. 

[F.  DE  H.  L.  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
ix.  328,  393,  455  ;  x.  16).— If  ST.  SWITHIN'S 
memory  is  not  playing  him  false  at  the 
penultimate  reference,  the  question  as  to 
the  authorship  of  "I'm  ninety-five "  be- 
comes more  complicated.  I  remember  it 
very  well  in  the  sixties,  sung  by  Harry 
Clifton,  whose  name  appears  in  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  to  several  popular 


"  motto "  songs  of  that  period,  such  as 
'  Paddle  your  own  Canoe,'  but  not  the  one 
in  question.  The  tune  was  a  favourite 
march  past  till  1878*  when  the  territorial 
system  was  regulated,  each  regiment  being 
supplied  by  the  War  Office  with  one  ;  then 
the  Rifle  Brigade,  being  the  old  95th,  had 
this  for  its  own.  AYEAHR. 

With  reference  to  MR.  BLISS'S  quotations 
(10  S.  ix.  370,  455),  it  is  curious  that  the 
sources  of  two  other  Latin  mottoes  under 
engravings  (quoted  by  MR.  R.  HORTON 
SMITH  at  9  S.  xii.  148)  have  not  yet  been 
identified  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  former  of  these, 
Quadrijugis  per  inane  Venus  subvecta  columbis — 
bears  some  resemblance  to  the  opening  line 
of  MR.  BLISS'S  second  quotation,  • 

Quadrijugis  evectus  equis  sol  aureus  exit. 
Considering  the  enormous  bulk  of  neo-Latin 
verse,  many  times  exceeding  that  of  all 
extant  classical  poetry,  it  would  be  hard 
to  prove  that  these  lines  are  not  extracted 
from  some  larger  pieces  ;  but  one  is  tempted 
to  surmise  that  they  were  written  ad  hoc. 

If  they  were  composed  for  the  engravings, 
a  consideration  of  the  date  and  place  of 
the  latter  might  lead  to  a  clue. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

The  first  quotation  by  MR.  MORETON  at 
10  S.  ix.  488, 
With  equal  good   nature,  good  grace,  and    good 

looks, 

As  the  devil  gave  apples,  Sam  Rogers  gives  books, 
is  referred  to  in  '  The  Maclise  Portrait 
Gallery,'  edited  by  William  Bates,  1874, 
as  "  the  bitter  couplet  attributed  to  Tom 
Moore."  If  this  be  correct,  it  implies  no 
excess  of  gratitude  on  the  part  of  Moore, 
for  the  same  volume  says  of  Rogers,  "  It 
was  he  who  helped  Moore  in  his  Bermudan 
difficulties."  The  alternative  possibility  is 
that  the  authorship  preceded  the  obligation, 
in  which  case  Rogers  was  very  forgiving. 

W.  B.  H. 

"ANGEL"  OF  AN  INN  (10  S.  ix.  488; 
x.  14). — This  refers  undoubtedly  to  a  room 
in  an  inn.  In  the  old  dramatists  there  are 
frequent  references  to  rooms  in  an  inn 
having  names — such  as  the  above. 

In  '  Lady  Alimony,'  Act  IV.  sc.  ii.  (Haz- 
litt's  'Dodsley,'  vol.  xiv.  p.  342),  we  have 
four  mentioned  : — 

"  Quick,  quick,  more  attendants  in  the  Unicorn. 
There  goes  none  to  the  Antwerp.  The  Lion  and 
the  Roebuck  have  not  one." 

A.    COLLINGWOOD    LEE. 

Waltham  Abbey,  Essex. 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is,  im 


The  context  shows  that  the  "Angel" 
at  the  Holly  Tree  was  a  sitting-room.  In 
1898  I  slept  in  a  bedroom,  the  name  of  which 
appeared  on  my  bill  next  morning  as 
"  Paradise,"  at  an  hotel  near  the  Cotswolds, 
in  Gloucestershire.  W.  B.  H. 

A  gentleman  who  was  born  in  1793,  and 
has  been  long  dead,  told  me  that  when  he 
was  a  young  man  it  was  often  the  custom 
in  the  better  class  of  inns  to  give  names 
instead  of  numbers  to  the  bedrooms.  I 
think,  but  am  not  sure,  that  he  said  this 
was  the  case  at  Liverpool. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 
[MB.  W.  DOUGLAS  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

SIB  T.  BBOWNE  :  QUOTATION  (10  S. 
ix.  484). — It  is  perhaps  worth  noticing 
that  in  the  puzzling  questions  suggested 
by  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  we  have  a  reference 
to  Suetonius,  '  Tiberius,'  chap.  Ixx.  That 
author  there  tells  us  that  Tiberius  used  to 
put  questions  to  grammarians  such  as 
these :  "  Who  was  Hecuba's  mother  ? 
What  name  did  Achilles  assume  among  the 
virgins  ?  What  was  it  that  the  Sirens 
used  to  sing  ? "  J.  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick. 

SWEDENBOBG'S  MEMORIAL  TABLET  (10 
S.  ix.  468). — It  is  understood  that  this 
tablet  will  be  replaced  in  the  building 
about  to  be  erected  in  the  West-End  of 
London  by  means  of  the  proceeds  of  the 
sale  of  the  old  building  in  Prince's  Square, 
supplemented  by  a  grant  of  12,000?.  made 
by  the  Swedish  Government.  If  that 
arrangement  fails,  the  hospitality  of  the 
Swedenborg  Society's  house,  No.  1,  Blooms- 
bury  Street,  or  of  any  of  the  "  Sweden- 
borgian "  places  of  worship  in  London, 
would,  doubtless,  be  extended  to  the  derelict 
monument.  The  erection  of  this  tablet 

"  took  place  on  Tuesday  the  8th  of  December,  1857, 
in  the  presence  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Carlson,  the 
Minister  of  the  Church,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bruce  of 
Cross  Street,  and  two  or  three  other  members  of 
the  Church." 

I  copy  these  words  from  a  "  Letter  to  the 
Editor  "  describing  the  tablet,  and  narrating 
the  inception  and  completion  of  the  scheme 
for  its  erection,  which  appeared — illustrated 
by  a  picture  of  the  tablet — in  The  Monthly 
Observer  for  January,  1858.  The  description 
includes  the  statement  that  "  on  the  corbe] 
moulding  at  the  bottom  is  carved  in  reliej 
Swedenborg' s  Shield  of  Nobility."  The 
article  is  signed  by  "  Jas.  S.  Hodson,' 
whose  firm,  Hodson  &  Son,  were  the  pub- 
lishers of,  inter  alia,,  the  magazine  in  ques- 


ion.  The  writer  leaves  it  to  be  inferred 
;hat  he  was  responsible  for  the  erection, 
rat  in  parenthesis  notes  that  the  cost  was 
defrayed  "  out  of  the  fund  at  my  disposal." 

The  fullest  available  account  of  the  theft 
and  replacement  of  Swedenborg' s  skull  is- 
contained  in  Dr.  R.  L.  Tafel's  '  Documents- 
concerning  Swedenborg,'  2  vols.  in  3,  London, 
1875-7,  vol.  ii.  pp.  1202-8.  A  letter  dated 
1  April,  1823,  and  signed  "  Philalethes," 
which  appeared  in  The  Morning  Herald? 
giving  an  authoritative  contemporary  state- 
ment of  the  facts,  was  reprinted  in  T.  P.'s 
Weekly  for  11  Oct.,  1907. 

CHARLES  HIGHAM. 

169,  Grove  Lane,  S.E. 

MAN  IN  THE  ALMANAC  (10  S.  ix.  408,  475). 
— In  further  illustration  of  what  has  been 
said  on  this  subject  may  be  quoted  the 
following  from  Congreve's  '  Double  Dealer,' 
Act  V.  sc.  xxi.  : — 

Brisk.  Madam,  you  have  eclips'd  me  quite,  let 
me  perish — I  can't  answer  that. 

Lady  Froth.  No  matter.  Hark  'ee,  shall  you  and 
[  make  an  almanac  together  ? 

Brisk.  With  all  my  soul.  Your  Ladyship  has 
made  me  the  man  in 't  already,  I  'm  so  full  of  the 
wounds  which  you  have  given. 

BLADUD. 

Lee  in  the  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  his- 
'  Caesar  Borgia  '  says  :  "  Ev'ry  daring  Poet 
that  comes  forth,  must  expect  to  be  like 
the  Almanack  Hero,  all  over  wounds."  He 
also  has  a  reference  to  the  figure  in  *  The 
Princess  of  Cleve,'  ed.  1734,  p.  86. 

G.  THORN-DRURY. 

"  PAFFER  "  (10  S.  ix.  326).— Perhaps  this, 
is  the  German  word  P/affe,  a  contemptuous- 
nickname  for  a  priest.  The  German  piff-paff? 
like  the  English  "  slap-bang,"  is  used  to 
denote  a  sudden  noise,  such  as  the  report 
of  fire-arms.  Longfellow's  "  wonderful  piff 
and  paff "  may  imply  that  the  chant  of  the 
monks  was  as  noisy  as  a  feu  de  joie,  and  as 
unmeaning  as  one  fired  without  reason. 

M.  N.  G. 

GIBBET  AS  LANDMABK  (10  S.  ix.  371,  438). 
— The  gibbet-post  is  about  a  mile  from  the 
village  of  Congers  tone  in  Leicestershire,  on 
a  road  called  after  it  Gibbet-Post  Lane.  I 
have  heard  that  the  son  of  the  murderer 
lived  in  a  cottage  opposite  to  it  for  some 
years.  I  was  also  told  on  good  authority 
that  some  of  the  young  bloods  of  a  neigh- 
bouring county  family  had  shot  at  the 
skeleton  in  the  evening  while  it  was  still 
hanging  there.  LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone* 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  im]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


PARISH  DINNERS  (10  S.  ix.  306). — This 
note  can  be  supplemented  from  '  The 
Medieval  Records  of  the  City  Church 
St.  Mary  at  Hill '  (E.E.T.S.  No.  125).  A 
useful  criterion  of  the  prices  is  that  during 
the  years  mentioned  (1509-11)  the  regular 
day's  pay  of  an  artisan  "and  his  man" 
(masons,  tilers,  daubers,  &c.)  was  Is.  Id., 
viz.,  9d.  and  4d.,  or  8M  and  4K  :— 

"  A  Soper  to and for  the  Arbetryng  be- 

twene  the  parissh  and about  J>e  belles  :  for 

Motton,  «a  shulder,  iijd. ;  Conys,  vd. ;  iiij  chekyns, 
vjd. ;  a  Capon,  xxrf. ;  brede,  ale,  wyne  and  IJeer, 
xxjd.—  Sum  ma  totallis,  iiijs.  vijd." 

Another  : — 

"Paid  for  Mr. and  Mr. dyner  in  Mr. 

Aldreman's  place  : — for  a  pyke,  xxijd. ;  for  a  lowle 
of  fressh  samon,  xxijrf. ;  for  iij  playse,  xijrf. ; 
oysters,  jd. ;  brede,  ale,  wyne,  and  perys,  xixrf. 
Summa,  vjs.  iiijd." 

Another  : — 

"Paid  for  a  pyke,  ijs.  viijd. ;  for  ij  Solys,  iiije?. ; 
for  halff  a  syde  salt  fyssh,  iijd. ;  for  Rochis,  iiijd. ; 
oysters,  jd. ;  for  buttur,  jd. ;  for  a  pye  of  quinsis, 
vjd. ;  for  brede,  ale,  wyne,  erbys,  &  a  syde  of  lynge 
and  flownders,  nottes,  fyre,  &  sawce,  ijs.  vjd. ;  for 
the  cokes  labur,  iiijd.  Summa,  vijs.  jd." 
I  add,  under  date  1529  : — 

"  Paid  for  ij  lampreys  for  Mr.  parson,  xxrf. ;  paid 
for  wyne  for  our  lady  alter  Mas  for  the  hole  yere, 
l>at  is  to  say,  for  iiij  galons  of  Malmesey,  vs.  iiijd., 
and  for  ij  quartes  of  Redwyne,  vd.  Summa,  vs.  ixd." 

H.  P.  L. 

GEORGE  MONOUX  (10  S.  viii.  10,  90,  133, 
214,  434,  496;  ix.  431).— Burke's  'Extinct 
Baronetage,'  2nd  ed.,  p.  363,  has  the  follow- 
ing : — 

"  George  Monnoux,  esqr,  who  was  eight  years  old 
30th  Henry  VIII.  He  married  the  Hon.  Elizabeth, 
eldest  daughter  of  John,  second  Lord  Mordaunt." 

A  foot-note  states  : — 

"  This  gentleman  had  granted  to  him  by  Harvey, 
Clarencieux,  10th  June,  1561,  by  the  designation  of 
George  Monrioux  of  Walthamstow,  nephew  and 
heir  of  Sir  George  Monnoux,  Knt.,  a  confirmation 
of  the  coat  of  his  said  uncle,  which  was  granted 
by  Wriothesley,  Garter,  and  Benoite,  Clarencieux." 
A  reference  to  the  grant  of  confirmation 
to  the  nephew  might  settle  the  question. 
R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

ROGER  NORTH'S  LIFE  OF  HIS  BROTHER 
(10  S.  ix.  201). — MR.  ALMACK'S  interesting 
communication  locates  the  whereabouts 
of  the  extensive  collection  of  documents 
concerning  Lord  Keeper  North,  Baron  Guil- 
ford.  These  ten  volumes  must  be  those 
which  were  sold  by  Leigh  Sotheby  on  6  Feb., 
1838,  the  catalogue  description  occupying 
two  pages.  They  then  formed  (lot  600) 
part  of  the  library  of  the  Rev.  Edward 


Roger  North,  and  it  may  be  assumed  that 
they  had  not  previously  been  out  of  the 
possession  of  the  North  family.  The  suc- 
cessive ownership  of  Uie  ten  volumes  since 
the  sale  in  1838  is  doubtless  easily  traced : 
I  rather  think  that  they  were  in  one  of  the 
Phillipps  dispersals,  but  as  my  set  of  these 
catalogues  is  in  the  binder's  hands  I  cannot 
verify  this  at  the  present  moment. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

BURIALS  AT  NICE  :  CAPT.  JAMES  KING 
(10  S.  ix.  449).— According  to  '  D.N.B.,' 
xxxi.  136,  "  there  is  a  tablet  to  his  memory 
in  Clitheroe  Church."  HARMATOPEGOS. 

CHEAPSIDE  CROSS  :  ITS  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
(10  S.  ix.  445). — An  account  of  this  appeared 
in  the  Supplement  to  The  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  1764.  WILLIAM  GILBERT. 

Walthamstow. 

BURIAL-GROUND  OF  ST.  GEORGE'S,  HAN- 
OVER SQUARE,  BAYSWATER  ROAD  (10  S.  x.  8). 
— Last  year  I  had  occasion  to  visit  this 
place,  and  learnt  from  the  attendant  at 
the  renovated  chapel  that  note  of  the  in- 
scriptions was  made  at  the  time  of  trans- 
forming the  ground  for  public  use  as  a 
garden.  The  memoranda  (in  the  attend- 
ant's keeping,  though  at  the  moment 
not  at  hand)  had  not  then  been  written 
out  in  precise  order ;  possibly  this  may 
have  since  been  done,  as  the  record  is  valu- 
able. Many  interments,  however,  having 
been  in  the  vault  under  the  chapel,  record 
of  these  can  only  be  found  in  the  parish 
registers,  which,  as  regards  burials,  have 
not,  I  think,  yet  been  printed. 

W.  L.  RUTTON. 

Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica,  Third 
Series,  vol.  v.  pp.  149  and  162,  contains 
a  list  of  inscriptions  in  the  above-named 
burial-ground.  PERCEVAL  LUCAS. 

BURNEY'S  '  HISTORY  OF  Music  '  (10  S.  x. 
9). — The  first  volume  issued  in  1776  has 
*  A  List  and  Description  of  the  Plates  to 
Vol.  I.'  ;  the  list  is  paged  517  to  522,  the 
end  of  the  volume. 

WILLIAM  H.  CUMMINGS. 

THE  PIED  PIPER  IN  ISPAHAN  (10  S.  ix. 
348). — I  doubt  whether  it  can  be  inferred 
from  the  false  Orientalism  of  M.  Gueulette 
that  any  story  about  the  Pied  Piper  has 
existed  in  Ispahan.  He  wrote  when  imita- 
tions of  the  '  Arabian  Nights  '  were  popular  ; 
and  he  takes  his  stories  from  any  source. 
In  one  of  his  books  he  borrows  from  Stra- 
parola,  and,  so  far  as  I  can  remember,  the 
chief  alteration  that  he  makes  is  in  changing 


58. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  is, 


Straparola's  Satyr  into  a  blue  Centaur. 
Many  years  ago,  in  trying  to  get  through  the 
'  Cabinet  des  Fees,'  I  read  much  of  the 
works  of  M.  Gueulette.  He  seemed  to  me 
to  be  a  poor  writer.  E.  YABDLEY. 

THE  '  D.N.B.'  :  ADDITIONS  AND  CORREC- 
TIONS (10  S.  ix.  182,  231,  272,  313,  372, 
410,  473,  516). — Plait,  Sir  Hugh. — His  will 
is  proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canter- 
bury in  1608,  and,  as  he  is  shown  to  be  alive 
2  July,  1608,  he  must  have  died  in  that  year. 
He  was  baptized  3  May,  1552,  at  St.  James's, 
Garlickhithe,  and  knighted  22  May,  1605, 
being  then  "  of  London."  G.  E.  C. 


Jttisrdlatuoits. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Annals  of  Cambridge.  By  Charles  Henry  Cooper, 
F.S.A.— Vol.  V.  1850-56.  Edited  by  John 
William  Cooper,  LL.D.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.) 

THIS  handsome  volume  will  be  welcomed  by  all 
lovers  of  Cambridge.  It  is  a  careful  and  studious 
collection  of  details  concerning  a  period  which  is 
now  little  known,  and  which  offers  some  interesting 
differences  from  the  Academic  life  of  to-day.  The 
book  is,  indeed,  an  essential  aid  to  that  historian  of 
Cambridge  in  the  nineteenth  century  who  will,  we 
hope,  appear  some  day.  Many  formal  details  given 
may  appear  tedious,  but  there  are  few  pages  that 
do  not  throw  some  valuable  light  on  the  Univer- 
sity, particularly  in  its  relations  to  the  town. 
There  are  but  few  prominent  survivors  of  the  fifties 
still  with  us ;  the  venerable  Master  of  Clare  is, 
however,  still  occupying  the  position  he  attained  in 
1856.  It  was  in  1851  that  King's  College  relinquished 
their  privilege  of  exemption  from  University 
examinations. 

'  Additions  and  Corrections '  to  previous  volumes, 
and  an  admirable  Index  to  the  whole  work,  occupy 
pp.  244  to  656.  All  this  is  close  print,  and  the  mere 
consideration  of  the  space  occupied  will  suggest  the 
industry  and  research  which  have  gone  to  enrich 
this  part  of  the  record.  The  two  Coopers,  father 
and  son,  must  have  laboured  incessantly,  and  col- 
lected and  annotated  with  a  zeal  equalled  in  our 
time  by  only  one  or  two  enthusiastic  specialists. 

The  new  matter  is  full  of  entertainment  and 
interest.  There  is  much  concerning  commands  by, 
and  appeals  to,  royalty.  The  University  sent  an 
appeal  to  their  Chancellor,  asking  that  Hobson 
might  use  a  four-wheeled  waggon  in  spite  of  the 
King's  proclamation  that  "any  common  carrier" 
should  not  "  travel  upon  the  common  highways 
with  any  wain,  cart,  or  carriage  having  above  two 
wheels.'5  Some  letters  by  a  member  of  the  Univer- 
sity whose  name  is  not  known  give  an  interesting 
view  of  Charles  I.  at  Childerley  and  Newmarket  in 
1647.  A  token  of  the  size  of  half-a-crown  was  struck 
in  1799,  having  a  figure  of  Hobson  on  horseback. 
A  whole  monograph  might  be  made  out  of  the 
history  of  Sturoridge  Fair,  which  was  proclaimed 
as  a  "  Scarlet  Day  "  as  late  as  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, and  was  the  occasion  of  many  disputes  as  to 


the  theatrical  performances.  Some  sets  of  verses 
are  included,  the  meaning  of  which  is  now  beyond 
recall.  The  Latin  concerning  Dr.  Gostlin  (1626)  is- 
clearly  miswritten,  for  we  can  hardly  believe  that 
it  was  so  faulty  in  scansion  as  the  MS.  transcriber 
has  made  it.  In  the  same  year  Mr.  Mead  of  Christ's 
College  secured  a  small  book  out  of  the  maw  of  a 
codfish,  "almost  turned  into  a  gelly,"  and  "with  a 
tender  lifting  with  my  knife"  separated  some  of  the- 
pages,  and  found  a  treatise  of  'Preparation  to  the 
Crosse '  of  Henry  VIII.'s  day.  Distinguished  mem- 
bers of  the  University  had  their  death  in  earlier 
times  celebrated  by  a  collection  of  verses.  In  the 
case  of  Bacon,  though  an  ex-Chancellor,  the  Univer- 
sity did  not  sanction  such  public  honours.  But  a 
number  of  Cambridge  scholars,  the  majority  from 
Trinity  College,  were  rightly  impressed  by  Bacon's- 
greatness,  and  their  collection  of  poetry  "bore  all  the- 
exterior  marks  of  an  academical  effusion,  except 
that  it  was  not  headed  by  the  Vice-Chancellor,  and 
that  it  was  printed  in  London  instead  of  Cam- 
bridge." 

We  have  selected  but  one  or  two  points  from  this 
remarkable  book,  but  they  are  sufficient  to  show  it* 
wide  scope  and  interest. 

Shakespearean  Representation :  its  Laws  and  Limits* 

By  Percy  Fitzgerald.  (Elliot  Stock.) 
WE  took  up  this  book  expecting  to  find  a  discussion 
of  the  old  Globe  Theatre  and  limitations  of  the- 
actual  stage  used  by  Shakespeare— a  subject  which 
has  been  amply  discussed,  and  generally  in  an  arid 
fashion.  Here  we  have  no  heavy  archaeology,  but 
various  views  of  the  modern  staging  of  the  poet,, 
and  criticisms  of  acting  which  are  both  lively  and 
full  of  practical  points  worth  considering.  Mr.. 
Fitzgerald  writes  in  a  diffuse  style  which  shows 
carelessness,  leads  to  bathos,  and  rather  spoils  our 

Eleasure.  We  think  that  he  is  largely  justified  in 
is  criticism  of  details,  though  some  of  the  remark  s. 
on  illusion  dp  not  commend  themselves  to  us.  We 
are  well  satisfied,  for  instance,  with  the  modern 
arrangements  of  ghosts,  apparitions,  &c.,  on  the- 
stage,  and  think  that  they  are  an  advance  on  earlier 
methods.  Such,  at  any  rate2  was  the  opinion  of  a 
critic  of  unexampled  experience  concerning  the- 
drama. 

The  attempt  to  equalize  the  characters  of  any- 
given  piece,  and  "thus  present  a  perfect  all-round 
performance,  as  is  found  in  German  theatres,"  is 
one  which  the  author  does  well  to  commend  to- 
public  notice.  The  sad  distortion  of  the  figure- 
which  the  actor-manager  happens  to  play  is  notorious 
in  England.  He  dwarfs  the  other  characters,  and 
occupies  so  much  time  that  they  have  to  hurry 
through  their  parts.  Some  day  we  shall  go  to  the 
theatre  and  time  his  speeches  and  grand  pauses 
with  a  stop-watch,  which  might  produce  surprising, 
results. 

The  question  of  music  to  Shakespeare  is  difficult,, 
but  it  seems  a  little  hard  that  Mr.  1  itzgerald  should 
object  to  a  conductor  as  "a  link  with  the  prosy 
outer  world."  He  praises  justly  Mendelssohn's; 
music  to  '  A  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,'  but  "  he- 
carinot  conceive  of  an  overture  to  '  Hamlet.' "  The- 
play  should,  he  thinks,  begin  without  "  such  noisy 
heralding."  But  human  nature,  being  what  it  is, 
requires  to  be  attuned  to  the  occasion.  An  overture- 
by  Beethoven  would  aid  us  to  appreciate  the  high 
and  troubled  theme  of  'Hamlet*;  some  portion- 
even  of  the  '  Eroica '  or  the  c  Minor  Symphony 
would  give  us  great  pleasure  as  a  prelude. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  is,  i9oa]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


The  present  state  of  our  stage  justifies  in  the 
main,  as  we  have  said,  the  criticisms  of  this  volume, 
but  its  author  demands  too  much — is  so  concerned 
with  ideals  as  to  be  in  a  mood  of  dissatisfaction 
with  everything.  It  would  be  regrettable  if  this 
led  readers  to  put  the  book  down,  recalling  '  Can- 
dide ' :  "  Quel  grand  genie  que  ce  Pococurante  !  rien 
ne  lui  peut  plaire." 

We  promise  ourselves  the  pleasure  of  going  over 
Mr.  Fitzgerald's  book  again  at  leisure,  and  adding 
it  to  our  store  of  select  volumes  on  a  subject  of 
constant  study. 

The,  Edinburgh  Review.  April.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
'  FENELON 's  FLOCK  '  is  a  paper  that  deserves  careful 
attention.  Few  are  well  acquainted  with  the  reli- 
gious movements  that  agitated  France  during  the 
reign  of  Louis  XIV.  Of  the  needless  wars  he  waged 
and  the  religious  persecutions  in  which  he  indulged 
much  has  been  written ;  but  the  mysticism  of 
Madame  Guyon  and  Fenelon  is  not  attractive  to 
most  English  folk;  so  it  is  commonly  passed  by 
without  study,  or  even  without  a  thought.  When 
dwelt  upon  at  all,  these  typical  French  thinkers  are 
usually  compared  with  the  dreamers  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  This  notion,  though  plausible  enough,  is  a 
mistake.  The  Renaissance  had  so  deeply  affected 
the  whole  thought  of  France  that  it  was  impossible 
for  the  idealism  of  those  days  to  model  itself 
on  the  mysticism  of  the  Middle  Ages.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Cambrai  was  a  noble  and  a  courtier,  while 
his  predecessors  were  for  the  most  part  far  removed 
from  the  influences  which  acted  on  his  life.  Of 
Madame  Guyon  the  writer  speaks  with  admirable 
justice ;  weak  as  she  may  have  been,  there  can  be 
110  doubt  that  her  powers  of  thought,  strange  as 
were  their  results,  were  highly  trained.  "  We  must 
never  forget,"  the  writer  points  out,  "that  her 
mind's  eye  perceived  existence  on  two  planes. 
Above  reached  eternity,  simultaneous,  infinite ; 
below,  the  world  of  Life  and  Time,  where  things 
act  in  succession."  Such  double  consciousness  exists 
in  only  the  few,  and  for  them  it  is  a  gift  fraught 
with  danger,  from  the  great  difficulty  of  keeping 
the  two  spheres  apart.  Fenelon  was  much  admired 
in  England,  and  his  'Telemaque'  was  used  as  a 
schoolbook  a  hundred  years  ago.  This,  we  fully 
believe,  was  on  account  of  its  power  and  intrinsic 
reasonableness ;  but  at  the  time  there  were  those 
who  persuaded  themselves  that  it  was  because  he 
had  had  a  conflict  with  Bossuet  and  the  Roman 
authorities. 

The  paper  on  Anna  Maria  Schiirmann,  whom  the 
writer  speaks  of  as  a  Dutch  bluestocking  and  a 
Quaker  of  the  seventeenth  century,  is  an  interesting 
sketch  of  a  linguist  of  extraordinary  power  and 
compass,  and  a  many-sided  artist  of  great  ability, 
whose  works  are  still  treasured  by  collectors.  All 
her  life  she  appears  to  have  been  a  devout  Pro- 
testant, but  it  was  not  till  after  middle  age  that  she 
became  an  ardent  devotee.  This,  it  would  appear, 
arose  from  her  admiration  of  a  religious  teacher 
named  Labadie,  who  in  early  life  had  been  a  priest 
in  the  Roman  Communion.  The  body  he  founded 
was  highly  unpopular  with  Lutherans  and  Calvinists 
alike.  It  is  to  be  deplored  that  before  her  death 
she  destroyed  many  of  her  literary  and  artistic 
treasures. 

'Ugliness  in  Fiction'  is  not  only  a  powerful 
article,  but  also  one  calculated  to  be  of  service  to 
literature,  as  it  exposes  the  offensive  side  of  several 
popular  novels  of  recent  date. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— JULY. 

MR.  THOMAS  BAKER'S  Catalogue  528  contains  some 
rare  items.  Among  these  we  find  Walsh's  '  Vindi- 
cation of  the  Irish  Remonstrance,'  1674,  61.  6s. 
Another  work  of  Irish  interest  is  Beling's  *  Vindi- 
ciarum  Catholicorum  Hibernise,  Libri  II.  1641  ad 
1649,'  Paris,  1650,  both  parts,  full  red  morocco, 
21.  15s.  Among  general  works  are  'Biographie 
Universelle,'  52  vols.,  1811,  21.  18,9. ;  Max  Rooses's- 
'  Dutch  Painters,'  12*.  6d.  ;  Finden's  '  Illustrations- 
to  Byron,'  3  vols.,  Murray,  1833,  II.  Is.;  Molierer 
translated  by  Waller,  II.  5s.  ;  Sharp's  '  Church 
Windows,'  2  vols.,  16s. ;  Skeat's  'Dictionary,'  4tor 
11.  2s.  :  Smith's  '  Dictionary  of  Christian  Biography/ 
4  vols.,  4/.  4.9. ;  and  Ware's  '  Antiquities  of  Ireland/ 
Dublin,  1764,  folio,  calf,  11.  8s.  Under  Wales  is- 
'  The  Myvyriaii  Archaiology,'  by  Owen  Jones,  Wil- 
liams, and  Pughe,  1870,  11. 15s.  There  is  a  collec- 
tion of  Italian  poets,  Dante,  Arioato,  Tasso,  and 
Petrarch,  11  vols.,  half-vellum,  full  gilt,  11.  10*. 

Mr.  P.  M.  Barnard,  of  Tunbridge  Wells,  issues- 
two  Catalogues  (Nos.  22  and  24)  simultaneously. 
Catalogue  23,  Alpine,  &c.,  is  to  be  delivered  shortly. 
No.  22  is  devoted  to  Foreign  Literature,  and  con- 
tains items  under  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  and 
Scandinavian.  There  is  a  fine  set  under  Beranger, 
10  vols.  in  9,  half-morocco,  1860,  31.  This  is  made 
up  of  '  Correspondance,'  4  vols., '  (Euvres  anciennes/ 
(53  steel  illustrations),  'Musique  des  Chansons,' &c. 
Under  Com  mines  is  his  history  of  Louis  XL  and 
Charles  VIII.,  with  excellent  impressions  of  the 
plates,  4  vols.,  4to,  1747,  51.  15s.  There  is  a  special 
vellum  copy  (with  bookplate  of  the  Earl  of 
Sheffield)  of  '  La  Constitution  Frangaise,  preseiiteV 
au  Roi  le  3  Septembre,  1791,'  red  morocco,  101.  10?. 
Under  Boccaccio  is  the  rare  and  finely  printed 
edition  of  the  '  Laberiuto  di  Amore,'  1487,  four 
missing  leaves  being  supplied  in  loose  MS.,  61.  15,9. 
In  the  Spanish  section  are  the  four  books  of 
*  Amadis  de  Gaula,'  folio,  Venice,  1533, 11.  Under 
Carranza  is  the  '  Libro  de  Hieronimo  de  Caranca,' 
31.  3s.  This  is  a  rare  book,  and  Mr.  Barnard 
tells  us  it  is  difficult  to  get  accurate  information 
about  it.  Cervantes  referred  in  laudatory  terms  to- 
ft in  his  'Galatea,'  VI.,  292.  There  is  also  a  fine 
copy  of  the  1780  '  Don  Quixote,'  4  vols.,  large  4to, 
11.  Is.  A  copy  of  Ticknor's  '  Spanish  Literature,' 
3  vols.,  half -calf,  uncut,  is  priced  11. 16s.  It  is  the 
first  edition,  1849. 

We  are  sorry  we  cannot  spare  for  Catalogue  24 
the  space  it  merits :  it  is  devoted  to  Bookbindings, 
many  of  them  of  the  choicest.  There  are  English, 
Scotch,  French,  German,  and  Italian  bindings, 
including  books  bound  for  Louis  XIV.,  XV.,  XVI., 
and  XVI1L,  Charles  X.,  and  Anne  of  Austria. 
Mr.  Barnard  generously  offers  to  supply  rubbings 
of  bindings  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Mr.  Andrew  Baxendine's  Edinburgh  Catalogue  111 
contains  a  good  list  under  Burns,  including  Reid's 
'  Concordance,'  7s.  6d.  The  words  of  the  Concord- 
ance number  11,400,  while  the  quotations  exceed 
52,000.  Under  Cowper  is  Wright's  edition  of  the 
'  Correspondence,'  4  vols.,  11.  5s.,  and  Southey's •; 
edition,  8  vols.,  12s.  6d.  There  is  the  Oxford  De 
Foe,  20  vols.,  a  handsome  set  in  half-morocco,  9/.  9-9,. 
Under  Scott  we  find  Napier's  '  Homes  and  Haunts,' 
very  scarce,  21.  10.9.  6ri,  also  the  Novels,  25  vols., 
new,  21.  2,9.  This  edition  was  published  by 
A.  &  C.  Black  in  1901.  A  copy  of  Prof.  Knight's 
'  Wordsworth,'  12  vols.,  cloth,  hew,  is  M.  4s. 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  JULY  is,  im 


Mr.  George  P.  Johnston's  Edinburgh  Catalogue 
86,  contains  much  of  Scottish  interest,  including 
Drummond's  'Highland  Targets'  and  'Mediaeval 
Triumphs  and  Processions,'  21.  2s.;  his  'Market 
Crosses,'  II.  4s. ;  *  Book  of  Common  Prayer  for  the 
Use  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,'  1712,  If.  15*. ;  and 
Bureh  Records  Society,  14  vols.,  4to,  21.  2s.  There 
is  an  extremely  rare  work,  'History  of  the  late 


crimson  levant,  4J.  4*.  There  are  lists  under 
Theatre,  Drama,  &c.,  and  Modern  Poetry.  A 
curious  book  is  'A  Short  History  of  Prime 
Ministers,'  1733.  Fourteen  shillings  will  purchase 
the  information  that  "  there  never  yet  was  a  Prime 
Minister  in  Great  Britain,  but  either  broke  his  own 
neck,  or  his  master's,  or  both,  unless  he  saved  his 
own  by  sacrificing  his  master's."  This  list  is  given: 

Dy'd  by  the  halter        3 

Ditto  by  the  axe  10 

By  sturdy  beggars        3 

Untimely  by  private  hands 2 

Jn  Imprisonment          4 

In  exile     4 

Dy'd  penitent ...        ...        1 

Saved  by  sacrificing  their  master 4 

Sum  total  of  prime  ministers  31 

Murray's  Nottingham  Book  Company's  Cata- 
logue 72  contains  The  Connoisseur •,  Vols.  I.-X.,  21.  5s. ; 
4  Edward  VII.'s  Prayer  Book,'  Essex  Press,  31.  17s.  6d. 
(only  400  printed) ;  Illustrated  London  News,  1850-89, 
51. 5s.  Johnson's  edition  of  the  Poets,  68  vols.,  calf, 
2Z.  2s.;  and  "  Ancient  Classics  for  English  Readers," 
Blackwood,  II.  Is.  There  is  a  first  edition  of  the 
'Seven  Lamps,'  1849,  21.  10*.  Under  London  is 
Burgess's  'Bits  of  Old  Chelsea,'  21.  "is.  6d.;  and 
under  Medical  is  Raynalde's  '  The  Birth  of  Man- 
kynde,'  a  good  copy  of  this  rare  work,  1565,  51.  5s. 
A  tine  specimen  of  German  binding,  a  Book  of 
Homilies,  with  brass  mountings  of  embossed  figures 
of  Moses  and  Christ,  is  51.  5s.  There  are  lists  under 
French  Literature,  Dictionaries,  &c. 

Mr.  G.  A.  Poynder's  Reading  Catalogue  47  con- 
tains works  under  Africa,  Agriculture,  and  America, 
the  last  comprising  Shebbeare's  '  Letters  to  the 
People  of  England,'  8vo,  contemporary  half-calf, 
1756,  31.  3s.  For  writing  the  seventh  letter,  which 
was  seized  and  suppressed,  the  author  was  tried 
and  sentenced  to  the  pillory.  The  botany  of  Ireland 
is  represented  by  16  vols.  containing  many  hundreds 
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61 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  25,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-NO.  239. 

NOTES  :— Hazlittiana,  61— Shakespeariana,  63— Bonaparte 
on  the  Northumberland,  64— Sydney  Dobell  and  his 
Edinburgh  Friends— The  "Deedler":  "Deedling"  66— 
Widow  Maurice,  Printer,  67. 

QUERIES :— Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  Chelsea— Comte  d'An- 
traigues— Silvretta  Mountains,  67— Anne  Walton's  Epi- 
taph in  Worcester  Cathedral—"  Chautauqua  "— Melampus 
and  the  Saint — Gladstone's  Last  Moments — Authors  of 
Quotations  Wanted— Medal  of  Charles  I.— Mill  at  Gos- 
port,  Hants,  68— Family  Arms— Voltaire  on  Love— Castle- 
man  Family— Clement  Family— C.  Barron,  19,  Pall  Mall 
— Capt.  Cook's  Voyages— Farrington,  Clockmaker— Snail- 
eating  and  Gipsies,  69— Blackman=Fairway— Whittier— 
One-Tree  Hill,  Greenwich,  70 

REPLIES :— Constables  and  Lieutenants  of  the  Tower  of 
London,  70— The  National  Flag— Milton  and  Christ's 
College,  Cambridge—  Plaxtol— "Thurcet"— Book  Margins, 
72— Field-Glasses  in  1650— Round  Oak  Spring— Chalk 
Farm,  formerly  Chalcot  Farm  —  Latin  Pronunciation — 
Johnsoniana  —  De  St.  Philibert  —  Anonymous  Works— 
"  Rise,"  Active  Verb,  73— Giles  Heron— Brass  as  a  Sur- 
name—Auchors  of  Quotations  Wanted,  74—"  Femmer  "— 
Single  Tooth — Hair  becoming  suddenly  White  through 
Tear,  75-T.  L.  Peacock  :  " Skylight "  and  "Twilight"— 
Vernon  of  Hodnet— John  Zephaniah  Holwell— "  Pro- 
methean "—Nursery  Rime— Rushlights,  76— Maps— Prior 
and  his  Chloe— Victorian  Coin—"  The  Crooked  Billet,"  77 
—Chalice  Inscription,  1645— Clergy  in  Wigs— Stuffed  Chine 
— Waldock  Family—"  Pink  Saucer  "—Surrey  Gardens,  78. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— ' Nunburnholme '— ' Catalogue  of 
the  Library  of  Charles  Darwin ' — '  Documents  relating  to 
the  Office  of  the  Revels '  —  ' Satiro-Mastix '  —  ' Poetical 
Works  of  Keats.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


HAZLITTIANA. 

(See  10  S.  ix.  101,  177,  292.) 

II. THE    WINTERSLOW   ESTATES. 

"  PRAY  are  the  Winterslow  estates  en- 
tailed ?  "—Lamb  to  Hazlitt,  2  Oct.,  1811. 

(a)  In  his  '  Memoirs  of  William  Hazlitt ' 
Hr.  W.  Carew  Hazlitt  refers  to  Lieut.  John 
Stoddart,  R.N.,  as  "a  retired  and  dis- 
appointed navy  man,  who  had  inherited 
or  acquired  (I  hardly  know  which)  a  small 
property  near  Salisbury,  at  a  village  called 
Winterslow."  In  the  course  of  time  Lieut. 
Stoddart  died,  and  was  buried,  according 
to  the  register  of  St.  Martin's  Church,  Salis- 
bury, on  20  July,  1803.  On  1  May,  1808, 
ihis  daughter  Sarah  became  the  wife  of 
William  Hazlitt.  Referring  to  the  event, 
iMr.  Carew  Hazlitt  writes  : — 

"Mrs.  Hazlitt's  property  at  Winterslow,  which 
Tiad  been  left  to  her  by  her  father,  with  a  rever- 
sionary interest  in  what  he  bequeathed  to  Mrs. 
Stoddard  for  her  life,  was  settled  upon  herself  at 
lier  brother's  instigation,  and  much  to  my  grand- 
father's annoyance.  There  was  about  120J.  a  year 
altogether." 


Mr.  Birrell,  in  his  *  William  Hazlitt,'  gives 
further  currency  to  this  statement  as  to  her 
income  and  its  source.  "  Miss  Stoddart," 
he  says, 

"was  not  romantic,  but  determined  to  be  married, 
though  with  a  settlement  upon  herself  and  her 
issue  of  her  cottages  at  Winterslow,  which  pro- 
duced the  annual  sum  of  12W." 

The  first  time  I  visited  Winterslow,  it 
occurred  to  me  that  if  Sarah  Hazlitt  ever 
enjoyed  an  income  of  120Z.  from  cottages 
there,  her  father  must  have  bequeathed 
to  her  every  cottage  in  the  village.  But 
on  investigation  I  could  find  no  trace 
of  any  such  extensive  Stoddart  property 
there. 

(6)  That  Sarah  Stoddart,  at  the  time  of 
her  marriage,  had  a  perfect  right  to  secure 
to  her  own  use  what  property  she  possessed, 
no  one  will  gainsay.  Being,  however,  in- 
terested in  the  problems  of  heredity,  I  felt  a 
desire  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  whether  the 
closefistedness  which  ever  characterized  her 
in  monetary  transactions  was  a  matter  of 
transmission  or  of  acquirement.  She  seems 
to  have  been  called  Widow  Blackacre,  after 
Wycherley's  "  perverse,  bustling,  masculine, 
pettifogging,  and  litigious  "  creation  ;  and 
Mary  Lamb  once  wrote  to  her  of  a  certain 
Jewish  bargain  with  a  lover.  Then  what 
a  contemptible  document  is  that  later 
diary  of  hers  when  in  Scotland  during  the 
divorce  proceedings  !  "  I  met  him  [Hazlitt] 
by  the  way  :  he  gave  me  £10."  "  1  wanted 
more  money."  "  He  would  let  me  have 
the  money  as  he  could  get  it "  ;  and  so  on 
ad  nauseam.  Then  came  Hazlitt' s  second 
marriage  and  his  continental  honeymoon. 
But  Sarah,  the  divorced,  was  in  Paris  when 
Hazlitt  arrived  there,  and  she  wanted 
money  from  him — and  got  it. 

(c)  In  the  Salisbury  city  accounts  for 
1808  there  is  an  entry  that  "  Mr.  Hazlett " 
had  paid  his  year's  rent  of  151.  15 s.  for  a 
garden  in  St.  Ann  Street. 

The  foregoing  items  marked  (a),  (6), 
and  (c),  are  set  down  in  such  manner  be- 
cause, although  but  loosely  connected  and 
without  apparent  sequence,  they  all  seemed 
to  me  to  point  to  one  document  for  elucida- 
tion, viz.,  the  will  of  Lieut.  Stoddart.  A 
copy  of  this  was  secured  forthwith  ;  and  it 
runs  as  follows  : — 

I  John  Stoddart  of  the  City  of  New  Sarum  in  th« 
County  of  Wilts  a  Lieutenant  in  His  Majesty's 
Navy  being  in  good  health  and  of  sound  and  perfect 
mind  memory  and  understanding  (praised  be  God) 
but  considering  the  uncertainty  of  tnis  life  do  make 
publish  and  declare  this  to  be  my  last  Will  and 
Testament  in  manner  following  (that  is  to  say) 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       uo  s.  x.  JULY  25, 


First  I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  dearest  wife  Sarah 
Stoddart  twenty  two  pounds  per  annum  to  be  paid 
at  half  yearly  payments  on  the  two  most  usual  days 
of  payment  which  shall  happen  after  my  decease 
which  sum  of  twenty  two  pounds  with  the  pension 
of  thirty  pounds  per  annum  which  will  be  allowed 
to  her  from  Government  as  my  widow  will  enable 
her  to  live  in  a  handsome  and  comfortable  manner 
the  said  sum  of  twenty  two  pounds  I  direct  to  be 
paid  out  of  the  rents  profits  and  issues  of  the  houses 
and  Tanyard  given  to  me  by  my  grandfather  Thomas 
Stoddart  [1]  Also  I  give  to  my  said  wife  (during 
the  term  of  her  natural  life)  my  present  dwelling- 
house  and  pleasure  garden  [2]  on  condition  it  is 
kept  in  its  present  form  and  state  together  with 
whatever  part  of  the  furniture  of  the  house  she  may 
chuse  to  make  use  of  Item  I  give  to  my  beloved 
son  John  Stoddart  and  his  heirs  for  ever  all  that 
my  house  outhouses  stables  and  Tanyard  situate 
lying  and  being  in  Saint  Ann's  Street  in  the  City  of 
New  Sarum  aforesaid  [3]  but  subject  to  the  before 
mentioned  bequest  to  his  mother  Also  I  give  to  my 
said  son  John  Stoddart  the  Lease  from  the  Revd. 
John  Cleevey  of  my  house  stables  and  garden  in 
Cathereine  Street  in  the  City  of  New  Sarum  afore- 
said [4]  Also  I  give  and  bequeath  to  him  all  my 
property  in  the  short  annuities  And  I  give  and 
bequeath  unto  William  Benson  Earle  Esquire  of  the 
Close  of  New  Sarum  and  unto  my  said  son  John 
Stoddart  In  trust  and  to  the  use  and  benefit  of  my 
dearly  beloved  daughter  Sarah  Stoddart  until  she 
shall  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty  five  years  or 
until  she  shall  marry  with  their  consent  and 
approbation  before  that  time  all  that  house  malt- 
house  garden  and  premises  which  I  purchased  of 
Mr  John  Willis  for  the  term  of  his  natural  life  [51 
but  it  is  my  direction  that  the  insurance  which  I 
have  made  on  the  life  of  the  said  Mr.  Willis  shall 
be  duly  kept  up  yearly  and  paid  for  out  of  the  rents 
of  the  said  premises  if  occupied  if  not  occupied  then 
to  be  paid  out  of  any  other  part  of  her  income  so 
that  she  may  be  entitled  to  and  receive  the  four 
hundred  pounds  assured  by  that  policy  Also  I  give 
and  bequeath  unto  the  said  William  Benson  Earle 
Esquire  and  John  Stoddart  In  trust  as  aforesaid 
for  my  daughter  Sarah  Stoddart  all  my  property  in 
the  five  per  cent  Bank  Annuities  and  also  all  sums 
of  money  due  to  me  Bonds  Notes  or  other  securities 
for  money  I  give  unto  them  In  trust  as  aforesaid 
Also  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  the  said  William 
Benson  Earle  and  John  Stoddart  In  trust  as  afore- 
said the  small  house  outhouse  and  garden  late  in 
the  occupation  of  Mr.  Henry  Sutton  [6]  and  after 
the  decease  of  my  wife  I  give  the  remainder  of  the 
land  and  houses  which  I  purchased  of  Mr.  Lowdell 
[7]  unto  them  In  trust  as  aforesaid  for  the  sole  use 
and  benefit  of  my  said  daughter  Sarah  Stoddart 
Also  I  give  unto  them  the  unexpired  term  of  the 
Lease  of  my  garden  in  Bugmore  held  under  the 
Corporation  of  New  Sarum  [8]  for  the  use  of  my  said 
daughter  And  my  Will  is  that  if  either  of  my 
children  John  or  Sarah  Stoddart  shall  die  before 
they  attain  the  age  of  twenty  five  years  then  that 
child's  part  or  legacy  shall  go  to  the  survivor  And 
all  the  rest  and  residue  of  my  money  and  other 
effects  not  hereby  otherwise  disposed  of  after 
payment  of  my  just  debts  and  funeral  expenses  I 
do' here  by  direct  to  be  equally  divided  between  my 
son  and  daughter  John  and  Sarah  Stoddart  And 
lastly  I  do  make  and  appoint  the  said  William 
Benson  Earle  Esquire  and  my  said  son  John 
Stoddart  Executors  In  trust  of  this  my  Will 


hereby  revoking  all  former  Wills  by  me  made  In 
Witness  whereof  I  have  to  this  my  Will  set  my 
hand  and  seal  the  second  day  of  January  in  the 
thirty  fifth  year  of  the  Reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lord 
George  the  Third  by  the  Grace  of  God  of  Great 
Britain  France  and  Ireland  King  Defender  of  the 
Faith  and  so  forth  and  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety  five.  Jno 
Stoddart  [L.  S.].  Signed  sealed  published  and 
declared  by  the  said  John  Stoddart  the  Testator  to> 
be  his  last  Will  and  Testament  in  the  presence  of 
us  who  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names  as 
witnesses  in  the  presence  of  the  said  Testator  and 
of  each  other— John  Goodfellow  Senr — John  Good- 
fellow  Junr. 

(a)  In  this  will  there  is  no  mention  of  any 
Winterslow     possessions.       The     properties- 
marked  1  and  3  (the  figures   are  mine  for 
facility  of  reference)  are  identical  ;    2  and  7 
are  another  property,  also  situate  in  Salis- 
bury, as  is  item  4.     I  am  led  to  conclude- 
that  5  is  also  in  St.  Ann  Street,  Salisbury  ; 
whilst  6  is  clearly  the  house  in  the  same- 
street,  then  let  at  4Z.  10s.  per  annum,  which 
Hazlitt     suggested    that     Sarah     Stoddart 
should  sell  to  help  to  provide  funds  with 
which    to    start    their    new    life.     Hazlitt' s 
share  of  the  provision  was  to  be  a  simple- 
affair — "  and    I    will    borrow    100Z."     Two 
grey-brick  buildings  now  stand  on  the  site 
of  this  cottage  and  the  house  which  in  1826 
was  let  by  Dr.  Stoddart  to  Dr.  Thomas  at 
28Z.  per  annum.     (This  Stoddart  house,  by 
the  way,  was  a  residence  of  some  interest. 
A  drawing  of  it  now  before  me  shows  it  to 
have  been  in  those  days  a  fairly  important 
house,  with  a  bay-window  on  the  first  floor.. 
This  gave  light  to  a  large  banqueting-hall 
having  an    arched    ceiling.       Entering   the 
house  from  the  street,   one  had  to  descend 
two  steps.) 

The  garden  (8)  is  also  in  Salisbury. 

I  am  afraid  the  Winterslow  cottager 
worth  120Z.  a  year  will  have  to  be  ignored 
by  future  biographers  of  Hazlitt. 

(b)  I  gather   from   this  will   that    Sarah 
Stoddart' s  meanness  in  money  matters  was 
inherited   from   her   father,    who,    we   find, 
left  his  widow  22Z.  per  annum,  which  with 
her   Government  pension   of   30?.   provided 
her  with  1Z.  a  week — a  sum  which  the  Lieu- 
tenant   considered   would    "  enable    her    to- 
live  in  a  handsome  and  comfortable  manner," 
after  paying  for   all  repairs   to   the    house 
and  defraying  the  expenses  incident  to  the 
upkeep  of  the  pleasure  garden,  which  had 
to  be  "  kept  in  its  present  form  and  state." 
Although  his  widow  was  to  have  for  her  life- 
time "  whatever  part  of  the  furniture  she 
may  chuse  to  make  use  of,"  Sarah  had  evi- 
dent  intentions   on  some   of  it,    otherwise 
Mary  Lamb  would  have  had  no  occasion. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


to  write  to  her  :   "I  am  afraid  you  can  bring 
but  few  things  away  from  your  own  house." 

I  think  this  will  has  caused  me jto.i pity 
Hazlitt  more  than  ever. 

(c)  The  lease  of  the  Bugmore  garden  (No.  8 
in  the  will)  was,  I  find,  the  one  under  which 
"Mr.  Hazlett"  paid  151.  1 5s.  rent  for  the 
year  1808.  In  1602  the  garden  was  let  to 
a  certain  John  Batt,  and  was  described 
as  "  a  part  of  the  Ditch  or  Trench  called 
the  Towne  Ditch  ;  great  Bugmore  on  the 
South,  the  Grey  Friar's  wall  on  the  West, 
part  of  little  Bugmore  on  the  East."  This 
garden  was  "  improved"  some  years  later, 
for  in  1648  Christopher  Batt's  rent  was 
10s.,  and  he  was  assessed  on  an  extra 
4L  "  for  improvement  of  ye  same."  On 
5  Sept.,  1707,  the  lease  was  transferred  to 
Thomas  Stoddart,  the  tanner.  (The  ^tod- 
darts  were  Salisbury  tanners  for  generations, 
and  St.  Ann  Street,  where  they  lived,  was 
known  as  Tanner  Street.)  In  1774  Mary 
Stoddart  obtained  a  renewal  for  31  years 
of  the  lease  of  the  "garden  or  orchard" 
in  question,  the  length  of  which  from  north 
to  south  was  348  ft.,  "  the  breadth  at  the 
north  end"  105ft.  4  in.,  and  at  the  south 
end  92ft.  In  1805  the  executors  of  John 
Stoddart  were  replaced  by  Mary  Stoddart,* 
who  in  1806-7  paid  151.  15s.  rent  under 
a  new  lease  of  21  years.  In  1808  «'  Mr. 
Hazlett"  paid  a  like  sum.  In  1821  the 
garden  was  leased  to  Edward  Baker  for 
40  years  at  a  similar  rental. 

J.  ROGERS  REES. 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 

'MEASURE  FOB  MEASURE':  SOME  ADDI- 
TIONAL NOTES.  —  I.  ii.  38-40 :  "I  will, 
out  of  thine  own  confession,  learn  to 
begin  thy  health ;  but,  whilst  I  live, 
forget  to  drink  after  thee "  (see  context). 
— This  passage  is  explained  by  one  in  Florio's 
Montaigne,  'Essays,'  Book  I.  ch.  xl.  (1603): 
"  Another  upon  the  gibbet  calling  for 
drinke,  and  the  hangman  drinking  first 
said,  hee  would  not  drinke  after  him  for 
feare  hee  should  take  the  pox  of  him."  The 
passage  following  in  Montaigne  is  illustrative 
of  another  part  of  the  play. 

I.  iii.  30  :— 

The  baby  beats  the  nurse,  and  quite  athwart 
Goes  all  decorum. 


*  The  accounts  are  evidently  in  error.  The  entry 
should  show,  I  think,  that  the  executors  of  Johr 
Stoddart  replaced  the  Mary  Stoddart  whose  lease 
of  1774  expired  in  1805. 


This  refers,  Steevens  says,  to  "an  ancient 
?rint,  entitled  '  The  World  turned  upside- 
lown,'  where  an  infant  is  thus  employed  "  ; 
Dut  he  gives  no  authority  in  my  edition. 
Compare  Nashe's  Introduction  to  '  Mena- 
phon'  in  Grosart's  'Greene,'  vi.  15:  "It 
s  no  meruaile  if  every  ale-house  vaunt  the 
table  of  the  world  turned  upside  down : 
since  the  childe  beats  his  father,  &  the 
asse  whippes  his  master." 

III.  i.  261-3  :  "  Your  brother  saved,  your 
lonour  untainted,  the  poor  Mariana  advan- 
taged, and  the  corrupt  deputy  scaled." — 
Steevens  suggests  "  thrown  into  confusion"  ;: 
others,  "weighed  (and  found  wanting)." 
[  explain  it  by  the  old  use  of  scale  (Northern), 
scatter,  disperse,  with  an  easy  transitional 
sense.  The  earliest  use  I  quote  is  from 
Laneham's  '  Letter,'  1575.  Here  is  an 
earlier  and  a  better  one  from  Golding,. 
Ovid*  (1565),  II.  215-16:— 
Even  so  the  Waine  for  want  of  weight  it  erst  was 

wont  to  beare, 
Did  hoyse  aloft  and  scayle  and  reele,  as  though  it 

empty  were. 

The  sense  in  Golding  is  that  of  lightness,, 
of  chaff,  of  an  unballasted  ship — found  worth- 
s.  Both  stand  in  need  of  the  '  New 
English  Dictionary's '  history  of  the  usages, 

III.  ii.  134-6 :  "  Sir,  I  was  an  inward  of 
his.  A  shy  fellow  was  the  Duke  ;  and  I 
believe  I  know  the  cause  of  his  withdrawing." 
—V.  i.  337  :  "  And  was  the  Duke  a  flesh- 
monger,  a  fool,  and  a  coward,  as  you  then 
reported  him  to  be  ?  " — In  a  note  to  the 
latter  passage  (Arden  ed.,  p.  137)  I  have- 
said  : — 

"Lucio's  accusations  against  the  Duke,  though 
very  definite  on  the  score  of  lechery  (III.  ii.  120 
et.  seq.),  and  of  foolishness  or  incapacity  (Ill.ii.  143), 
do  not  include  that  of  cowardice,  at  least  ob- 
viously. But  what  did  Lucio  mean  when  he  said, 

'A  shy  fellow '?    Perhaps  this  was  a  hidden 

reference  to  his  timidity." 

Shy,   in  the  sense   of  physically   afraid,   is- 

used  by  Golding,  *  Ovid,'  xii.  341  : — 

He  seeke  too  Nessus  (who  for  feare  of  wounding 

seemed  shye), 
Sayd :  fly  not. 
And  again  xv.  577-9  : — 
My  horses  setting  up  theyr    eares    and  snorting. 

wexed  shye, 
And  beeing  greatly  flayghted  with  the  monster  in 

theyr  eye 

Turned  downe  to  see. 

Shy  is  seldom  met  with  in  Elizabethan 
writers,  and  seems  to  have  had  the  strong 
sense  of  frightened,  afraid,  in  its  early  use, 
as  it  still  has  in  the  verb.  Shakespeare 
uses  it  only  in  this  play. 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  25, 


V.   i.    179 :     "  Neither  maid,   widow,   nor 
wife."— This  is  in  Peele's  '  Olde  Wives  Tale ' 
(Roiitledge's  '  Dyce,'  451a)  :— 
And  never  none  shall  break  this  little  glass, 
But  she  that's  neither  wife,  widow,  nor  maid. 

V.  i.  321-3  :— 

the  strong  statutes 

Stand  like  the  forfeits  in  a  barber's  shop, 
As  much  in  mock  as  mark. 

For  my  explanation  of  this  passage  I  must 
refer  to  the  note  in  Appendix  (Arden  ed.). 
I  had  nowhere  been  able  to  meet  any 
confirmation  of  the  "  table  of  forfeiture " 
said  to  be  placed  upon  a  barber's  walls. 
See  Nares,  Steevens,  Johnson,  Warburton, 
and  *  New  English  Dictionary.'  However, 
I  have  since  found  a  passage  that  tends 
to  render  my  note  nugatory.  It  is  in 
'Plaine  Percevall'  (1842  reprint,  p.  19), 
circa  1589,  by  Richard  Harvey  probably  : — 

"  Speake  a  blooddy  word  in  a  Barber's  shop,  you 
make  a  forfet :  and  good  reason  too,  Cap  him, 
sirra,  if  he  pay  it  not.  Speak  a  broad  word  or  use 
a  grosse  tearme  amongst  huntsmen  in  chaze,  you 
shall  be  leasht  for  your  labor :  as  one  that  dis- 
graceth  a  gentleman's  pastime  and  game." 

This  passage  calls  for  two  notes.  Dr. 
Kenrick's  forged  rules  (Nares)  contain  no 
reference  to  the  fault  or  its  punishment, 
so  that  he  cannot  have  known  this  reference 
to  build  upon.  And  its  non-inclusion  at 
''forfeits"  in  '  N.E.D.'  is  unfortunate, 
since  the  book  had  been  read  on  account 
of  the  quotation  of  the  passage  at  the  verb 
"  to  cap,"  explained  on  this  one  reference 
"  to  arrest."  This  signification  does  not 
commend  itself  to  me  unless  it  has  other 
support.  The  legal  meaning  is  far-fetched, 
and  unlikely,  if  not  impossible.  The  punish- 
ment was  some  rough  game  of  bashing  the 
offender  on  the  head  with  his  own  cap  and 
those  of  the  assembly,  familiar  to  school- 
boys. Or  else  he  may  have  been  compelled 
to  wear  a  special  fool's  cap  or  cap  of  for- 
feiture kept  for  the  purpose. 

V.  i.  359  :    "  Lucio  [to  the  Duke  disguised 

as  a  friar].    Why,  you  bald-pated,  lying 

rascal,  you  must  be  hooded,  must  you  ? .  .  . . 
show  your  sheep-biting  face,  and  be  hanged 

an    hour!     Will't    not    off? [Pulls     off 

the  friar's  hood,  and  discovers  the  Duke]." — 
Sheep-biter  was  applied  to  a  sheep-stealer 
or  hence  to  any  thievish  person,  and 
primarily,  perhaps,  to  a  sheep-stealing  cur. 
Hence  to  a  skulking  thief.  See  my  note 
at  passage  (Arden  ed.,  p.  138).  That  sense 
is  quite  incongruous  here.  And  so  it  is 
in  Shakespeare's  only  other  use  in  '  Twelfth 
Night,'  II.  v.  6,  where  Sir  Toby  says  of 
Malvolio  :  "  Wouldst  thou  not  be  glad  to 


have  the  niggardly,  rascally  sheep-biter 
come  by  some  notable  shame?"  The 
notes  only  emphasize  the  difficulty  and  lack 
of  explanation.  Malvolio  "  was  a  kind 
of  Puritan"  (II.  iii.  144),  and  that  gives 
the  clue.  In  Nashe's  '  An  Almond  for  a 
Parrot'  (1589)  there  is  a  similar  use: 
"There  is  not  a  Presician  in  England  that 
hath  abused  arte  or  mistaken  a  metaphor 
but  I  have  his  name  in  blacke  and  white, 
What  say  you  to  that  zealous  sheepebyter 
of  your  owne  edition  in  Cambridge,  that 
saide,"  &c.  It  was  a  term  of  abuse  with 
the  Martinists.  The  true  pastors  were 
the  shepherds,  but  the  Puritans  were  the 
sheep-biters.  It  is  as  likely  as  not  to  be 
original  in  Nashe  in  this  sense,  though 
found  earlier  as  a  thief.  It  is  in  the  sense 
of  a  puritanical  sneer  that  Lucio  uses  it 
to  the  supposed  friar. 

H.  CHICHESTEB  HAKT. 


BONAPARTE      ON    THE 
NORTHUMBERLAND. 

(Concluded  from  p.  4.); 

IT  had  been  conjectured  by  many  of  the 
newspapers  that  Bonaparte,  whose  personal 
courage  had  never  been  questioned,  would 
play  the  coward  at  last,  and  put  an  end  to 
his  own  life  rather  than  suffer  the  disgrace 
of  being  sent  a  captive  to  St.  Helena.  The 
matter  came  to  his  ears,  and  he  said  :  "  No, 
no  ;  I  have  not  enough  of  the  Roman  in 
me  to  destroy  myself."  He  reasoned  for 
some  time  on  the  subject  of  suicide,  and 
concluded  with  this  decisive  opinion  : — 

'  Suicide  is  a  crime  the  most  revolting  to  my 
leelings ;  nor  does  any  reason  present  itself  to  my 
understanding  by  which  it  can  be  justified.  It 
certainly  originates  in  that  species  of  fear  which  we 
denominate  cowardice.  For  what  claims  can  that 
man  have  to  courage  who  trembles  at  the  frowns 
of  Fortune?  True  heroism  consists  in  becoming 
superior  to  the  ills  of  life  in  whatever  shape  they 
may  challenge  to  the  combat." 

The  great  man  seldom  suffered  a  day 
to  pass  without  making  particular  inquiry 
respecting  the  health  of  the  crew  and  the 
nature  of  such  diseases  as  then  prevailed 
among  them,  with  the  particular  mode  of 
treatment.  The  complaints,  according  to 
our  good  surgeon,  required  a  free  use  of 
the  lancet.  Napoleon,  however,  seemed 
bo  entertain  a  very  strong  prejudice  against 
bleeding,  which,  remembering  the  satire 
of  Lesage,  he  called  the  Sangrado  practice. 
He  urged  the  propriety  of  sparing  the  pre- 
cious fluid,  but  the  surgeon  maintained 
the  doctrine  of  the  good  effects  of  the  practice 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


which  Bonaparte  had  so  forcibly  reprobated 
and  ridiculed.  "  A  Frenchman,"  the  Em- 
peror exclaimed,  "  would  never  submit 
to  the  discipline  of  the  Spanish  doctor"  ; 
but  he  no  longer  argued  against  it.  On 
meeting  Mr.  Warden  he  would  apply  his 
fingers  to  the  bend  of  the  opposite  arm, 
and  ask  :  "  Well,  how  many  have  you  bled 
to-day  ? "  Nor  did  he  fail  to  exclaim, 
when  any  of  his  own  people  were  indisposed, 
"  O,  bleed  him,  bleed  him  !  To  the  powerful 
lancet  with  him,  that's  the  infallible 
remedy." 

On  the  Sabbath  day,  after  the  performance 
of  divine  service,  some  conversation  on  the 
subject  of  the  Emperor's  religious  faith 
had  taken  place  with  him  and  some  of  the 
principal  persons  of  his  suite.  It  was,  how- 
ever, not  deemed  necessary  to  communicate 
anything  further  than  that  his  opinions 
were  generally  of  the  most  liberal  and 
tolerant  character.  He  wished  it  to  be 
stated 

"  that  his  profession  of  the  faith  of  Mahomet  and 
avowed  devotion  to  the  Crescent  in  Egypt  was  a 
mere  act  of  policy,  to  serve  the  purpose  of  the 
moment.  This  fact  appeared  to  be  asserted  with 
particular  energy,  from  the  knowledge  possessed  by 
the  party  communicating  it  of  the  abhorrence 
which  Bonaparte's  having  declared  himself  a 
Mussulman  excited  in  England." 

It  was  on  a  Sunday  at  the  Admiral's 
table  that  Bonaparte  catechized  the  chaplain 
— in  a  curious  and  unexpected  manner. 
[  give  some  of  the  Emperor's  questions. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  quote  the  answers 
given  by  the  chaplain,  who  was  well  qualified 
to  reply  to  questions  respecting  the  faith 
of  a  far  more  profound  nature. 

"  How  many  sacraments  does  the  Church  of 
England  acknowledge  ? " 

"  Does  the  Church  of  England  consider  marriage 
as  a  sacrament  ? " 

"  What  are  the  tenets  of  the  Church  of 
England?" 

"  How  often  is  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's 
Supper  administered  ? " 

"  Do  all  communicants  drink  out  of  the  same 
cup  ?  " 

**  Is  the  bread  made  use  of  in  the  sacrament 
common  bread  ? " 

"  Supposing  that  wine  could  not  be  procured, 
would  any  other  liquid  be  allowed  as  its  sub- 
stitute?" 

"  Do  the  bishops  frequently  preach  ?  " 
'  Do  they  wear  the  mitre  ?  " 

"  Have  not  the  bishops  a  seat  in  the  House  of 
Peers  ? " 

There  are  many  more  questions  of  a 
similar  import,  but  these  are  sufficient  to 
show  the  nature  of  Bonaparte's  inquiries. 

On  another  occasion  the  author  gives  a 
further  description  of  the  ^ex-Emperor  :— 


J<  He  has  an  uncommon  face :  large,  full,  and 
pale,  but  not  sickly.  In  conversation  the  muscles 
suffer  little  or  no  exertion  ;  with  the  exception  of 
those  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  mouth,  the 
whole  seems  fixed  anft  the  forehead  perfectly 

smooth However  earnestly  Napoleon  may  be  m 

conversation,  he  discovers  no  distortion  of  features- 

He  sometimes  smiles,  but  I  believe  he  never 

laughs The  interesting  children  on  board,  who- 

amuse  everybody,  do  not  attract  his  attention. 

"  Once  indeed,  when  Bertrand  was  in  conver- 
sation with  his  master,  the  Count's  little  girl 
intruded  upon  it  with  a  story  which  all  her  father  » 
prohibitions  could  not  silence.  On  this  occasion 
Napoleon  took  her  by  the  hand,  heard  out  her  little 
tale,  and  at  the  conclusion  kissed  her.  But  this- 
very  uncommon  attention  was  probably  paid  to  the 
child  as  the  only  mode  of  getting  rid  of  her  which 
might  not  have  been  painful  to  the  father." 

As  for  Napoleon  at  cards  and  at  chess, 
there  is  the  following  : — 

"  I  have  observed  that  at  cards  our  extraordinary 
man  plays  rather  a  careless  game,  and  loses  his- 
money  with  great  good  humour.  Nay,  he  is 
frequently  inaccurate  in  reckoning  his  points,  &c.T 
but  as  often,  most  assuredly,  to  his  loss  as  his  gain, 
At  chess,  indeed,  which  is  a  scientific  game, 
independent  of  fortune,  and  considered  as  being 
connected  with  a  leading  branch  of  military  tactics, 
he  may  not  possess  the  same  indifference.  However 
that  may  be,  I  shrewdly  suspect  that  Montholm, 
when  he  plays  with  him,  takes  care  to  be  the 
loser," 

The  excitement  in  the  interesting  little 
colony  of  St.  Helena  on  the  arrival  of  their 
extraordinary  guest  may  be  easily  imagined. 
Bonaparte  did  not  leave  his  cabin  for  a  full 
hour  after  the  ship  had  anchored  in  the 
bay. 

"  When  the  deck  oecame  clear  he  made  his- 
appearance  and  ascended  the  poop  ladder,  from 
which  he  could  see  every  gun  that  bristles  at  the 
mouth  of  the  James  Valley,  in  the  centre  of  which 

the  town  of  that  name  is  situate While  he  stood 

there  I  watched  his  countenance  with  the  most 
observant  attention,  and  it  betrayed  no  particular 
sensation.  He  looked,  as  any  other  man  would 
have  looked,  at  a  place  which  he  beheld  for  the 
first  time." 

It  may  be  remarked  that  in  the  course 
of  his  narrative  our  worthy  surgeon  some- 
times speaks  of  Napoleon  as  the  General, 
sometimes  as  the  ex-Emperor,  and  occasion- 
ally as  the  Emperor.  He  didjiot  disembark 
till  the  17th  of  August  after  sunset,  much 
to  the  chagrin  of  the  expectant  inhabitants, 
who  had  retired  to  their  homes.  His  first 
residence  on  the  island  was  The  Briars,  the 
residence  of  Mr.  Balcombe,  where  he  re- 
mained till  Longwood  could  be  completed 
for  him.  The  worthy  doctor  had  many 
interesting  interviews  and  conversations 
with  Napoleon  on  the  island  before  he  finally 
left  him.  These  may  form  the  subject  of 
another  article.  E.  MAHSTON. 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  25,  IMS. 


As  the  only  son  of  the  late  William 
Warden,  author  of  '  Letters  from  St.  Helena,' 
I  need  not  say  how  pleased  I  am  to  read 
-what  MB.  E.  MARSTON  kindly  says  upon 
this  subject.  He  seems  to  me  to  be  per- 
fectly right,  except  that  the  letters  in  ques- 
tion were  written  to  my  mother,  then  Miss 
Elizabeth  Hutt  of  Appley  Towers,  Ryde. 
Several  of  them  are  now  in  our  possession, 
postmarked  "  St.  Helena."  We  also  have 
my  father's  journal,  which  is  written  upon 
Government  paper  supplied  to  the  ships 
in  the  Navy,  so  there  can  be  no  doubt  of 
the  authenticity  and  genuineness  of  the 
book.  It  had  a  very  large  circulation 
when  first  published  by  Ackermann  in  1816, 
but  has  now,  as  MR.  MARSTON  says,  dropped 
out  of  memory  ;  the  contents,  however, 
have  been  largely  used  for  concocted  stories 
.about  Napoleon  by  both  French  and  English 
writers.  One  instance  I  will  give.  In  a 
French  book  called  '  Le  Cabinet  Noir ' 
pp.  160  to  256  are  an  exact  copy,  through 
a  French  version,  of  part  of  my  father's 
book.  This  book  purports  to  be  "  translated 
from  the  original  documents  and  manu- 
scripts "  by  C.  H.  F.  Blackith,  and  was 
published  by  Longmans  &  Co.  in  1887. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  give  MR.  MARSTON  such 
information  as  I  can.  We  have  also  some 
curious  relics  of  Napoleon — among  others, 
the  gold  buckles  out  of  his  knee-breeches, 
which  in  parting  Napoleon  took  out  and 
gave  to  my  father  in  response  to  his  request 
for  some  small  personal  memento.  He  had 
previously  received  a  magnificent  set  of 
ivory  chessmen  as  a  present. 

GEORGE  COCKBURN  WARDEN. 


SYDNEY  DOBELL  AND  HIS  EDINBURGH 
FRIENDS. — The  intimation  by  Mr.  Bertram 
D  obeli  that  he  has  undertaken  to  write 
a  memoir  of  Sydney  D  obeli  will  perhaps 
revive  interest  in  the  work  of  the  poet,  and 
elicit,  it  is  hoped,  hitherto  unpublished 
facts  concerning  the  author  of  '  Balder ' 
and  some  of  his  contemporaries  and  friends. 
Sydney  D  obeli  was  one  of  a  distinguished 
group  of  men  of  letters,  consisting,  among 
others,  of  the  author  of  '  A  Life  Drama,' 
Gerald  Massey,  Hugh  Miller,  and  Prof. 
Aytoun,  all  resident  in  Edinburgh  in  the 
mid  fifties  of  last  century.  During  his  three 
years'  sojourn  in  the  Scottish  capital  Sydney 
Dobell  assisted  Smith  in  procuring  the 
Secretaryship  of  the  University,  and  jointly 
with  Alexander  Smith  he  published  when 
in  Edinburgh  '  Sonnets  on  the  War.'  In- 
cidents of  the  Crimean  campaign  and  of 


the  Indian  Mutiny  also  formed  the  theme, 
fifty  odd  years  ago,  of  a  number  of  poems 
by  Gerald  Massey.  Possibly  all  those 
named  above  foregathered  at  Craigcrook, 
the  hospitable  home,  west  from  Edinburgh 
two  or  three  miles,  of  John  Hunter,  to  whom 
Dr.  Walter  C.  Smith  dedicated  '  The  Bishop's 
Walk,'  his  first  volume  in  verse  ;  and  it  is 
not  improbable  that  in  his  poem  '  Craig- 
crook  Castle  '  Gerald  Massey  makes  allusion 
to  Dobell — "  our  poet,  Rubens  " — and  other 
members  of  the  group.  Was  Sydney  Dobell, 
one  wonders,  familiar  with  Patrick  Proctor 
Alexander,  friend  of  Alexander  Smith,  and 
the  editor  as  well  as  writer  of  the  memoir 
in  *  Last  Leaves  '  ?  The  author  of  a  clever 
burlesque  of  Carlyle,  of  an  able  criticism 
of  J.  S.  Mill's  '  Freedom  of  the  Will,'  of  a 
volume  entitled  '  Moral  Causation,'  and  a 
brochure  on  Spiritualism,  P.  P.  Alexander 
is  nevertheless  absent  from  the  '  D.N.B.' 
He  contributed  the  article  '  Golf '  to  the 
ninth  edition  of  *  The  Ency.  Brit.,'  and, 
curiously,  his  name  appears  in  the  recently 
issued  Times  handbook — '  2,000  Men  of  the 
Day'  ! 

Thoroughly  Bohemian  in  temperament 
and  habits,  Alexander  had  numerous  friends 
in  the  literary  circles  of  Glasgow  and  Edin- 
burgh, and  besides  producing  the  works 
mentioned,  he  contributed  verse  at  intervals 
to  Fraser's  Magazine  The  Glasgow  Citizen, 
and  other  periodicals.  As  in  the  case  of 
Dobell,  Massey,  and  Smith,  war  was  both 
the  stimulus  and  subject  of  some  of  Alex- 
ander's most  characteristic  poems.  He 
died  in  1886,  and  it  has  been  the  regret  of 
his  friends  that  no  memoir  of  "  Pat  Alex- 
ander," as  he  was  familiarly  called,  has  been 
published.  The  now  rare  little  volume, 
edited  by  Thomas  Spencer  Baynes  and 
Emeritus  Professor  Lewis  Campbell  'Alma 
Mater's  Mirror — St.  Andrews,  1887,'  con- 
tains a  tributary  sketch  of  Alexander  from 
the  pen  of  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Tulloch.  D.D. 

J.  GRIGOR. 

105,  Choumert  Road,  Peckham. 

THE  "DEEDLER":  "  DEEDLING." — In 
The  Manchester  Guardian  of  13  April  is  a 
most  interesting  communication  on  "  deed- 
ling  "  by  Mr.  Bertram  Smith,  "  deedling  " 
being,  he  considers,  a  lost  art,  and  the 
"deedler"  himself  obsolete.  The  "  deed- 
ler,"  however,  is  not  quite  obsolete,  nor  the 
art  quite  lost,  though  seldom  put  into  prac- 
tice. The  "deedling"  is  done  by  the 
mouth,  the  lips  somewhat  apart,  and  the 
tip  of  the  tongue  on  the  roof  of  the  mouth. 
Mr.  Bertram  Smith  says  that  "  deedling  was 
the  outcome  of  an  absolute  poverty  of 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


musical  resources "  ;  that  it  is  not  "  sing- 
ing "  nor  "  humming  "  ;  that  it  is  "  probably 
the  most  primitive  form  of  producing 
melodious  sounds "  ;  and  that  it  is  the 
indefinite  production  of  "  deedle-deedle- 
deedle-dee."  To  these  words  the  "  deedler  " 
"deedled"  a  tune,  quick  for  dancing,  slow 
for  other  purposes.  Now  and  then  a 
woman  may  be  seen  "  deedling  "  to  a  child 
on  her  knee.  In  all  the  instances  I  have 
noticed,  she  had  the  tips  of  the  child's  fingers 
in  her  hands,  and  the  "  deedle  "  has  been 

Deedle  deedle  deedle  dee, 
Deedle  deedle  deedle  dee, 
Deedle  deedle  deedle  dee, 
Deedle  deedle  dido, 

her  arms  and  body  moving  in  rhythm. 

Two  musical  cronies  come  together,  and 
begin  to  chat  about  old  and  new  music. 
One  asks  the  other  how  such  and  such  an 
air  goes  ;  in  reply  the  other  "  deedles " 
it  over,  and  mutual  musical  satisfaction 
ensues. 

It  is  over  fifty-five  years  since  I  heard 
a  "  deedler  "  deedle  for  dancing  at  a  village 
wedding  party  in  the  heart  of  Derbyshire, 
and  this  was  the  first  and  last  time  I  knew 
"deedling"  done  for  purposes  of  dancing. 
The  fiddler  of  the  village  had  trapped  his 
fingering  fingers  the  day  before,  and  could 
not  play  upon  his  instrument.  But  Blind 
Stephen  was  a  man  of  resource,  and  offered 
to  "  deedle "  some  "  dancings."  He  was 
a  big  man  ;  he  stood  on  a  slightly  raised 
platform  at  the  end  of  a  barn,  and  began  to 
deedle  a  dance  tune.  As  he  warmed  to  the 
work,  his  arms,  body,  and  legs  took  part 
in  the  deedling,  and  the  couples  spun  round 
and  about  almost  as  well  as  if  the  music  was 
a  crowder's.  Another  man  put  more  life 
in  it  by  standing  beside  Blind  Stephen, 
snapping  his  fingers  as  an  accompaniment, 
his  arms,  body,  and  legs  "  going  like  smoke  " 
in  time  with  the  deedling  ;  and  now  and 
then  he  twirled  on  his  feet,  bringing  them 
down  with  a  stamp.  My  mother  afterwards 
told  me  that  deedling  tunes  was  common 
when  fiddlers  were  not  available  in  the 
villages  when  she  was  a  girl — not  quite  a 
hundred  years  ago. 

Then  "deedling"  was  practised  by  chil- 
dren in  the  course  of  their  games,  and  though 
it  was  not  known  as  "  deedling,"  they  would 
say,  "  Sumbdy  deedle  a  bit !  "  And  the 
words  of  the  deedling,  as  far  as  I  can 
reme  mber,  were  : — 

Deedle,  deedle,  deedle  day ; 
Deedle,  deedle,  deedle,  di ; 
Deedle,  deedle,  deedle,  do  ; 
An'  we  '11  say  nowt  about  it. 


What  it  all  meant  I  am  sure  the  children 
did  not  know  ;  but  their  deedling  was  a 
remnant  of  a  lost  qrt  in  the  days  when 
musical  instruments  were  in  many  villages 
unknown.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

WIDOW  MAURICE,  PRINTER.--!  find  this 
curious  name — or  rather  conjunction  of 
names — as  printer  in  '  The  Cypress  Wreath,' 
by  Mrs.  Cornwell  Baron  Wilson,  published 
by  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.,  Cornhill,  1828. 
"  Veuve "  So-and-so  is  not  an  uncommon 
business  title  in  France,  but  the  analogous 
title  in  this  country  must  be  unusual. 

W.  ROBERTS. 


(fiwrus* 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


DON  SALTERO'S  TAVERN,  CHELSEA. — In 
the  '  Book  of  the  Words  of  the  Chelsea 
Historical  Pageant,'  on  p.  113,  a  scene  is 
described  in  "  The  Garden  behind  the  Coffee- 
House  of  Mr.  Salter  in  Danvers  Street," 
and  on  the  map  at  the  end  of  the  book 
"  Salter's  Coffee-House "  is  marked  as 
occupying  a  portion  of  the  site  of  Sir  Thomas 
More's  house.  I  remember  perfectly  well, 
in  the  early  sixties,  a  house  in  the  centre 
of  Cheyne  Walk  which,  by  its  ground-floor 
windows  and  unenclosed  and  paved  forecourt 
showed  that  it  had  been  in  a  very  different 
occupation  from  the  adjoining  houses, 
and  I  was  always  under  the  impression  that 
this  was  Don  Saltero's.  Both  Faulkner 
and  Walford  confirm  this.  Has  anything 
been  recently  discovered  to  throw  doubt 
on  this  generally  accepted  belief  ?  or  is  it 
merely  "  pageant  "  history  ? 

J.  TAVENOR-PERRY. 

5,  Burlington  Gardens,  Chiswick. 

COMTE  D'ANTRAIGTJES. — I  should  be  glad 
of  any  particulars  of  the  career  of  the  Comte 
d'Antraigues  who  was  murdered  at  Barnes 
in  July,  1812.  According  to  *  The  Annual 
Register,'  the  Comte  had  eminently  distin- 
guished himself  in  European  politics. 

R.  A.  A.  L. 

SILVRETTA  MOUNTAINS. — Can  any  one 
tell  me  of  any  literature  dealing  with  this 
group  of  mountains  in  the  Lower  Engadine, 
more  especially  as  regards  the  native  guides  ? 

H.  O. 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       po  s.  x.  JULY  25,  iocs. 


ANNE  WALTON'S  EPITAPH  IN  WORCESTER 
CATHEDRAL. — The  epitaph  to  the  first  wife 
of  Izaak  Walton  is  set  out  in  various  edition 
of  '  The  Complete  Angler  '  thus  : — 
Ex  terris 

D. 

M.    S. 
Here  lyeth,  &c. 

In  the  edition  by  Nicolas  it  is  set  out 
thus  : — 

Ex  Terris 
M.  S. 

In  Mr.  Marston's  edition  the  words  "  Ex 
terris "  are  above  a  Maltese  cross,  while 
below  it  are  the  letters  M.  and  S. 

In  Dean  Plumptre's  '  Life  of  Thomas 
Ken  '  it  is  set  out  as  in  the  first  example 
I  have  given.  His  note  suggests  that  the 
letters  signify  "  Diis  Manibus  "  or  "  Divse 
Memoriae  Sacrum." 

The  inscription  to  be  seen  to-day  in  the 
Cathedral  is  the  same  as  the  one  set  out 
in  Mr.  Marston's  book,  though  no  stops 
are  to  be  found  after  the  letters  M  and  S. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  when 
the  cross  was  substituted  for  the  letter  D, 
and  give  any  new  suggestion  as  to  the 
meaning  of  the  three  letters  ? 

STAPLETON  MARTIN. 
The  Firs,  Norton,  Worcester. 

"  CHAUTAUQUA."— The  Times  of  13  July 
says  : — 

"We  have  received  from  the  Fabian  Society  the 
prospectus  of  a  'summer  school,'  or  educational 
and  recreative  gathering  on  the  analogy  of  the 
American  Chatauqua '  system,  to  be  held  this  year 
at  Llanbedr. 

Why  is  an  American  summer  gathering 
for  educational  and  recreative  purposes 
called  a  "  Chatauqua  "  ? 

A.  L.  MAYHEW. 
Oxford. 

[The  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle 
was  an  association  founded  for  home  reading  and 
study  by  Bishop  J.H.  Vincent,  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  m  1878.  It  was  an  outgrowth 
ot  summer  assemblies  in  Chautauqua  Lake,  and  so 
successful  that  it  gave  a  name  to  similar  meetings.] 

MELAMPUS  AND  THE  SAINT.— Will  some 
one  tell  me  who  "  Melampus  and  the  Saint  " 
are,  referred  to  on  p.  6  of  '  The  Roadmender,' 
by  Michael  Fairless  ? 

F.  E.  WILKINSON. 

.GLADSTONE'S  LAST  MOMENTS.— I  recently 
met  with  the  following  passage  as  a  quota- 
tion, without  its  source  being  mentioned  : 

"• the  faith  of  such  a  one  as  Gladstone,  who  in 

the  very  face  of  death  could  raise  his  right  hand 
and  declare  (so  an  eyewitness  relates)  in  solemn 
tones,  as  of  one  giving  testimony  which  might  not 


again  be  repeated,  *  My  faith  is  strong  !  my  faith  is 
strong  " ;  who  in  the  last  farewells  could  speak,  as 
the  same  witness  testifies,  ever  with  unfaltering 
confidence  not  merely  of  the  reality  of  life  after 
death,  but  of  the  certainty  that  those  who  are 
parted  in  tears  would  meet  hereafter  in  another 
and  better  world." 

I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  from  what  book 
the  extract  comes,  and  also  the  name  of 
the  eye-witness  indicated.  H.  H.  T.  C. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — Can 
any  one  tell  me  where  the  following  lines 
by  Browning  are  to  be  found  ? 

"  Here  and  here  did  England  help  me  :  how  can  I 

help  England  ?  "—say, 
Whoso  turns  as  I,  this  evening,  turn  to  God  to 

praise  and  pray. 

ZEPHYR. 

['  Home-Thoughts,  from  the  Sea,'  vol.  i.  p.  273, 
Smith  &  Elder,  1896.] 

In  that  new  world  which  is  the  old. 

AGNES  CUMMINS. 
[Tennyson,  '  The  Day  Dream,'  1.  168.] 

Who  when  she  died,  like  Flora  fair, 
Did  make  the  Commonwealth  her  heir. 

EMERITUS. 

We  shall  see  them, 

We  shall  know  them, 
In  the  fullness  of  the  time, 
In  the  glorious  new  creation, 
In  the  everlasting  clime. 

H.  H.  T.  C. 

MEDAL   OF   CHARLES   I. — I   have   a   very 

beautiful  gold  (or  gilt)  medal  that  has  come 

to  me  by  the  death  of  a  relative.     I  know 

nothing  about  it,  but  I  should  think  it  must 

e  of  some  historical  value.     It  represents 

!harles  I.  in  armour  and  with  a  crown  on  his 

lead,  as  any  one  can  see,  apart  from  the 
inscription  of  his  royal  titles  which  sur- 
rounds the  figure.  It  has  a  little  ring 
attached  to  it,  and  was  hung  from  a  ribbon, 

]  presume.  On  the  back  are  ' '  Honi  soit,' '  &c. , 
a  crown,  and  arms.  If  you  could  give  me  any 

nformation  concerning  it  in  your  valuable 
and  interesting  paper,  I  should  be  greatly 
obliged.  ART. 

MILL  AT  GOSPORT,  HANTS. — I  have  for 
some  time  been  trying  to  locate  the  spot 
where   this   mill   once   stood,   but   without 
uccess.     Old  maps  of  the  district  give  other 
mills,   but  not  this  particular  one.     From 
notes  in  a  local  paper,  about  a  twelvemonth 
igo,   on  Gosport,  I  learn  that  during  the 
iege  of  Gosport  in  1642  a  shot  from  the 
parliamentarian  army  passed  through  the 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


church  tower,  and  also  the  mill,  taking  in 
its  flight  a  portion  of  bedclothes  from  the 
bed  from  which  the  miller  had  not  long  risen. 
In  all  probability  the  mill  was  situated  on 
what  was  then  Gosport  Common,  close  to 
the  Haslar  Causeway  and  Bridge  leading 
to  the  Royal  Naval  Hospital.  About  the 
year  1800  arches  were  built,  connecting  the 
ramparts  which  enclosed  the  town.  One 
of  these  adjoined  the  Causeway,  and  if  I 
surmise  rightly,  the  mill  was  pulled  down 
when  the  arch  was  erected.  Mr.  James  Paul, 
the  last  owner,  worked  the  mill  from  about 
1785  onwards  ;  he  was  buried  in  Holy 
Trinity  Churchyard,  Gosport,  in  1883. 
Information  locating  the  spot  would  be 
appreciated.  F.  K.  P. 

FAMILY  ARMS. — I  possess  an  old  oak 
carving  representing  a  bear  (?)  supporting 
a  shield,  upon  which  are  the  following  arms 
(coloured) :  Barry  of  eight  or  and  gules  ; 
upon  the  last  ten  roses  of  the  first,  4,  3,  2, 
and  1,  impaling  Or,  three  annulets  gules. 
Can  one  of  your  readers  assign  these  arms  ? 
The  impalement  is  perhaps  Hutton,  as  I 
have  a  book-plate  of  this  family  showing  a 
precisely  similar  coat  to  the  sinister  half 
of  my  carving.  WILLIAM  GILBERT. 

8,  Prospect  Road,  Walthamstow. 

VOLTAIRE  ON  LOVE. — Voltaire  wrote  this 
elegant  distich  to  be  placed  beneath  a 
figure  of  Love  : — 

Qui  que  tu  sois,  voici  ton  maitre — 

II  1'est,  le  fut,  ou  le  doit  etre. 

I  wish  to  know  whether  the  same  thought 
had  previously  appeared  in  a  classical  dress. 
R.  L.  MORETON. 


CASTLEMAN  FAMILY. — Lord  Adam  Gordon 
(died  13  Aug.,  1801)  left  his  property  to  his 
natural  daughter  ('  Scots  Peerage,'  iv.  553). 
Was  she  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Henry  Castleman 
"  of  the  Drawing-Room  of  the  Tower, 
London"  ?  What  is  known  of  the  Castle- 
man family  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

CLEMENT  FAMILY. — The  above  came  from 
Cosham,  Alton,  and  Steep,  Hants,  and 
Steyning,  Sussex.  Can  any  one  tell  me 
who  were  the  parents  and  grandparents 
of  John  Albeck  Clement,  Colonel  R.A.,  who 
married  Margaret  Le  Maistre  ?  He  died 
1838,  aged  56.  His  baptismal  register  is  also 
wanted.  I  have  the  marriage  of  William 
Clement  of  Steyning,  17  May,  1638,  and 
Anne  Greenfield.  The  former  is  supposed 
to  be  the  great-great-great-grandfather  of 
Col.  Clement,  and  I  want  to  fill  in  the  gap 


in  the  pedigree  between  these  two.  Any 
information  on  the  Clements  will  be  most 
acceptable. 

There  is  a  picture  of  a  Clement, 

M.F.H.  Sussex,  1700.  His  Christian  and 
parents'  names  are  wanted.  Please  reply 
direct.  E.  H.  M. 

The  Cottage,  Westhope,  Craven  Arms,  Salop. 

C.  BARRON,  19,  PALL  MALL.— A  small 
earthenware  pot  in  my  possession  is  thus 
inscribed.  Can  any  reader  inform  me  as  to 
when  Barron  was  at  this  address  ?  The 
'D.N.B.'  has  a  notice  of  a  Hugh  Barren, 
died  1791,  pupil  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  and 
son  of  an  apothecary  in  Soho.  Was  he 
any  relation  to  C.  Barron  ?  I  shall  be 
obliged  by  any  reference  as  to  when  he 
flourished.  H.  S. 

CAPT.  COOK'S  VOYAGES. — I  have  some 
references  to  an  edition  of  Capt.  Cook's 
vogages  which  I  wish  to  verify,  but  cannot 
find  the  book  in  the  Bodleian.  It  is  an 
edition  dated  1790,  and  runs  to  at  least 
five  volumes — probably  more — with  con- 
tinuous pagination.  The  references  I  have 
are  to  vol.  iv.  p.  1575,  and  vol.  v.  p.  1836. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  the  edition  does 
not  consist  solely  of  Capt.  Cook's  voyages, 
but  is  probably  some  collection.  If  any  of 
your  readers  can  tell  me  where  it  is  to  be 
found,  I  shall  be  duly  grateful.  Please  reply 
direct.  F.  R.  RAY. 

Treverbyn,  Fyfield  Road,  Oxford. 

FARRINGTON,  CLOCKMAKER. — Can  you 
give  me  any  information  about  Farrington, 
a  clockmaker  ?  I  have  a  fine  specimen  of 
a  seven-day  grandfather  clock  in  mahogany 
case,  of  simple,  but  very  beautiful  design. 
The  clock  face  has  three  dials  and  three 
single  hands  :  one,  full  size,  for  minutes, 
and  two  within  that  for  seconds  and  hours. 
On  the  brass  frameplate  of  the  works, 
which  are  extremely  well  made,  is  the  in- 
scription "  Farrington,  Febr.  1832." 

JOHN  GILCHRIST. 

[See  the  source  of  information  already  mentioned 
by  us,  Britten's  *  Old  Clocks  and  their  Makers.'] 

SNAIL-EATING  AND  GIPSIES. — Mr.  Walter 
Raymond  has  stated  in  an  article  that  the 
ordinary  garden  snail  (Helix  aspersa)  is 
eaten  at  the  present  day  in  Bristol  as  a 
delicacy.  I  should  like  to  know  if  snail- 
eating  is  still  practised  in  any  part  of  Eng- 
land. Snails  roasted  on  hot  embers  were 
formerly  very  popular  with  gipsies.  Do 
gipsies  still  use  them  as  an  article  of  diet  ? 
C.  H.  R.  PEACH. 
Manchester. 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  JULY  25,  im 


BLACKMAN==  FAIRWAY. — John  Blackman 
of  Whitstable  married  about  1740  Anne 
Fairway  of  Whitstable,  who  is  said  to  be 
connected  with  the  Fairways  of  London, 
stated  to  be  merchants  trading  with  the 
East  in  the  eighteenth  century.  John 
Blackman' s  father  (Christian  name  unknown) 
went  to  China  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century  or  early  in  the  eighteenth,  and 
brought  back  a  large  collection  of  porcelain. 

Could  any  of  your  readers  furnish  me  with 
particulars  as  to  the  Blackman  and  Fairway 
families  ?  Especially  I  wish  to  know  (1) 
the  Christian  name,  parentage,  and  birth- 
place of  John  Blackman' s  father  ;  (2)  if 
he  was  connected  with  the  firm  of  Fairway  ; 
(3)  whether  Anne  Fairway  was  a  member 
of  the  family  of  Fairway  of  London  ;  (4) 
lastly,  who  possesses  the  porcelain.  Most 
of  this  passed  out  of  the  direct  line  at  the 
death  of  Charles  Blackman,  son  of  the 
above-mentioned  John  Blackman ;  while 
some  of  it  is  reported  to  have  been  given 
to  a  certain  Dr.  Romsey  of  Amersham, 
Bucks,  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Blackman, 
grandson  of  John.  A.  M.  BLACKMAN. 

WHITTIER. — I  find  in  Marshall's  '  Genea- 
logist's Guide,'  4th  ed.  :  "  Whittier,  1882, 
large  sheet  Genealogy  of  W.  family."  Will 
any  reader  kindly  tell  me  where  I  can  see 
the  above  ?  W.  H.  WHITEAR. 

Chiswick. 

ONE-TREE  HILL,  GREENWICH. — Can  any 
reader  give  me  information  regarding  the 
tree  that  stood  upon  this  hill  ?  I  have  in 
my  possession  two  prints  of  Peter  Tilleman's 
picture  treating  on  this  subject :  one  dated 
1746,  published  according  to  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, sculp.  Canot ;  the  other  dated  1774, 
published  by  John  Boydell,  sculp.  J.  Wood. 
The  hill  is  depicted  in  both  cases,  but  no 
tree  upon  it.  I  have  an  oil  painting  of  One- 
Tree  Hill  showing  a  huge  tree  with  heavy 
branches,  forming  the  most  important  object 
in  the  picture.  With  this  exception,  it  is 
almost  identical  with  the  print  of  1746  with 
regard  to  the  groups  of  figures  and  general 
view.  In  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster's  book  on 
Greenwich  Park  I  read  that  a  tree  was  blown 
down  in  August,  1848  ;  but  as  the  tree  does 
not  appear  in  the  print  of  1746  or  1774, 
it  seems  impossible  that  a  tree  of  such 
magnitude  could  have  grown  in  about 
seventy  years. 

Was  a  tree  known  to  exist  on  this  hill 
previous  to  1746,  from  which  it  took  its 
name  ?  and  is  there  any  record  of  its  de- 
struction ?  A.  W.  GOULD. 

Staverton,  Briar  Walk,  Putney,  S.W. 


CONSTABLES  AND  LIEUTENANTS  OF 
THE    TOWER    OF    LONDON. 

(10  S.  ix.  61,  161,  243,  390,  490.) 

I  OWE  apologies  to  MR.  RUTTON,  which 
I  render  with  very  sincere  regret  for  the 
necessity. 

1.  I  overlooked  the  correct  date    of  Sir 
T.  Fairfax's  appointment  (1647),  as  given 
at  the  end  of  10  S.  ix.  243,  and  (very  foolishly) 
misunderstood    the    date    (1648)    as    given 
at  the  top  of  p.  244  to  refer  to  his  original 
assumption    of    office.     In    this    date    MR. 
RUTTON  and  I  am  (and  were)  agreed. 

2.  MR.  RUTTON  is  quite  right  in  the  date 
(February,    1784)  of  Lord  G.  H.   Lennox's 
appointment.     I  have  the  date  quite  cor- 
rectly in  my  own  MS.  list.     Unfortunately,  I 
referred  to  my  annotated  copy  of  '  Haydn's 
Book    of    Dignities '    (ed.  Ockerby),   which 
was  at  the  moment  easier  of  access,  in  which 
I  thought  I  had  entered  all  the  necessary 
corrections.     In  this  book  the  date  is  given 
as  1783  simply,  and  I  had  added  "  Feb.  10  " 
without   altering   the   year — a   most   repre- 
hensible   oversight,    of    which    I    am    fully 
conscious. 

By  the  way,  Ockerby 's  '  Haydn '  is  too 
generally  accepted  as  a  safe  guide  ;  not  a 
few  writers  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  have  thought 
it  unnecessary  to  go  behind  this  authority 
for  a  date  or  fact  in  the  succession  of  public 
officials.  Some  of  the  lists  are  accurate, 
but  there  are  others  (notably  those  of  the 
Secretaries  of  State  as  allocated  to  Northern 
and  Southern  departments  respectively)  of 
very  little  value. 

3.  In    plunging   in  medias   res  with   the 
assertion  that  "  MR.  RUTTON' s  lists  are  open 
to   criticism,"    I   omitted   to   express   (as   I 
now  do  most  fully)  my  sense  of  the  value 
of  his  collection,  for  which  he  deserves  the 
thanks   of    all    who   take   interest   in   such 
matters.     In  helping  to  make  that  collection 
more  perfect  and  accurate,  I  hope  I  am  doing 
no  disservice  either  to  him  or  to  the  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

Most  of  the  remaining  corrections  are 
admitted  by  MR.  RUTTON  ;  on  others  he 
keeps  an  open  mind,  asking  for  further 
information,  which  I  proceed  to  give  him. 

4.  It  is  quite  true  that  there  is  a  variant 
to  the  spelling  of  Barkstead,  though  that 
is  the  more  usual  and,  I  believe,  the  more 
correct  form.     Orthographical  variations  are 
common     in     seventeenth-century     names, 
e.g.,   Hide   and   Hyde,    Monck   and   Monk. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


By  the  way,  why  does  MB.  RUTTON  adhere 
to  the  certainly  incorrect  form  "  Penning- 
ton  "  ? 

5.  It  is  true  (as  MR.  BUTTON  says)  that 
G.  E.   C.   dates    Lord    Alington's  death  as 
February,     1684,     but    in    his    Corrigenda 
(vol.   viii.   p.    268)   he  has   corrected  it  to 
1684/5.     A     contemporary     notice     of    his 
death  is  found  under  date  1  Feb.,   1684/5 
in  Luttrell  (vol.  i.  p.  326). 

6.  If     I   wrote    "  half   a   century   later " 
in  speaking  of  the  Earldom  of  Dartmouth, 
it  was  a  pure  slip  of  the  pen  for  "  a  quarter 
of    a     century."     Anyhow,     MB.     RUTTON 
admits    his    own   error    in   designating    the 
Constable  as  Earl.     I  do  not  know  what  is 
the  "  good  company  "  in  which  he  errs  here. 

7.  Cadogan  was  appointed  Lieutenant  in 
December,    1706.     I  believe  (but  have  not 
the  means  now  of  verifying  my  reference) 
that  the  date  of  the  Privy  Seal  appointing 
him  is  30  Dec.,  1706.     The  intended  appoint- 
ment  is   announced   in  The  Daily  Courant 
of  17  Dec.,  1706,  and  is  referred  to  as  pro- 
bable by  Luttrell  under  date  23  Nov.   in 
that    year    (vol.     vi.    p.     110).     Churchill, 
his    predecessor,    was    transferred    to    the 
Governorship     of     Guernsey     (Privy     Seal 

21  Dec.,  1706).     In  Chamberlain's  '  Anglise 
Notitia  '  for  1707  (p.  655)  the  list  of  '  Officers 
of  the  Tower  Garrison  '  is  headed  by  "  Briga- 
dier-Gen.  Cadogan,  esq.  [sic],  Lieutenant." 
I  hope  that  MB.  RUTTON  will  now  be  satisfied 
that  when  I  ventured  to  correct  him  on  this 
date   and   that   of   Lord   Alington's   death, 
I  knew  what  I  was  writing  about. 

8.  I  am   afraid  I  was  technically  wrong 
in  saying  that  Compton  was  gazetted  in  1713. 
His  appointment  is  announced  in  No.  2762 
of    The    Postboy    (24    Jan.,    1712/13),    and 
Oldmixon    in    his    '  History    of    England ' 
(vol.  ii.  p.  512)  states  that  on  12  Dec.,  1712, 
General   Cadogan  was    "  turned   out  of  all 
his   employments  " — which   I   thought   was 
matter  of  common  knowledge  (except  for 
the  exact  date)   to  all  persons  conversant 
with    the    party    history    of    Anne's    reign, 
which  probably  Lord  de  Ros  was  not.     The 
announcement  of  Cadogan' s  removal  from 
the    Lieutenancy    is    also    given    in    '  The 
Political  State  of  Great  Britain  '  for  January, 
1712/13  (vol.   v.   p.   62)  ;    and    in  vol.  viii. 
(p.    372)    of    the    same    series,    under    date 

22  Oct.,    1714,    it    is    recorded    that    "his 
Majesty  had  been  pleased  to  continue  the 
Earl  of  Northampton  in  the  post  of  Con- 
stable of  the  Tower  of  London,  and  Hatton 
Compton,    Esq.,    in   that   of   Lieutenant   of 
the  said  Tower."     I  hope  I  have  satisfied 
MB.  RUTTON  on  this  point  also. 


9.  Col.  King. — I  admit  at  once  that  I 
have  no  official  record  of  the  Christian  name 
of  the  Col.  King  who  was  Lieutenant  of 
the  Tower  in  1689.  6ut  I  am  fairly  familiar 
with  Dalton's  '  Army  Lists,'  though  I  have 
not  a  copy  at  hand,  and  I  think  that  a  refer- 
ence to  them  will  show  that  there  was  no 
other  Col.  King  at  that  time  ;  but  if  there 
was,  even  then  it  is  an  almost  certain  in- 
ference that  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower 
was  identical  with  Col.  Thomas  King 
(brother  of  Dr.  John  King,  Master  of  the 
Charterhouse),  who  was  Deputy-Governor 
of  Sheerness  from  1690  till  his  death  in  1725, 
and  sat  as  M.P.  for  Queenborough  1696- 
1708  and  1710-22.  I  hope  MB.  RUTTON  will 
agree  with  me  on  this  point  too,  although 
the  direct  evidence  is  not  so  irresistible  as 
in  the  other  cases. 

MB.  RUTTON  thinks  I  am  hard  on  the 
'  D.N.B.'  in  saying  that  it  should  have 
known  better  than  to  give  currency  to  the 
legend  about  the  knighting  of  Penington 
and  other  Aldermen  by  the  Speaker.  The 
'D.N.B.'  is  a  publication  of  (from  the 
nature  of  the  case)  quite  exceptional  prestige, 
and  hence  each  writer  in  it  should  have 
taken  exceptional  care  to  ascertain  the 
correctness  of  the  supposed  facts  and  dates 
which  he  or  she  recorded.  I  am  sorry  to 
confess  that  in  my  long-delayed  '  Aldermen 
of  London  '  (now  about  to  appear)  I  accepted 
the  authority  of  the  '  D.N.B.'  for  the  error 
as  to  Penington' s  knighthood,  the  part  of 
the  book  in  which  I  reproduced  it  having 
been  printed  off  some  years  ago,  before  I  had 
discovered  the  blunder,  though  I  have,  of 
course,  corrected  it  in  later  pages.  ^  The 
'  D.N.B.'  is  singularly  unfortunate  in  its 
article  on  Penington.  In  the  headline  a 
different  year  is  assigned  for  Penington' s 
death  from  that  in  the  body  of  the  article  : 
in  order  to  make  them  tally,  a  "  correction  " 
has  been  made  in  the  '  Errata '  volume  ; 
but  unfortunately  it  is  the  true,  and  not 
the  erroneous,  date  that  has  been  altered. 

With  regard  to  the  date  of  Penington' s 
appointment  (1643),  MB.  RUTTON  is,  as 
he  is  justified  in  being,  satisfied  with  the 
authority  of  Whitelock.  I  believe — I  may 
be  wrong,  as  I  am  unable  to  verify  my 
impression  at  this  moment — that  I  took 
my  date,  direct  from  the  Journals  of  the 
House  of  Commons.  As  to  Penington' s 
knighthood,  it  is  strange  that  no  one  (includ- 
ing myself,  until  a  few  years  since,  although 
I  have  long  been  familiar  with  the  City 
records)  had  noticed  that  Penington  is 
nowhere  styled  "  Sir  Isaac  "  or  "  knight  " 
in  any  contemporary  authority.  It  is  an 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  JULY  25,  im. 


illustration  how  one  writer  follows  another 
blindly,  without  testing  his  statements. 
There  is  a  remarkable  instance  of  this, 
where  such  authorities  as  Bishop  Stubbs 
and  Mr.  Horace  Round  have  gone  wrong, 
in  the  matter  of  the  Grocer-Aldermen  of 
Richard  II. 's  reign,  which  I  examined  at 
length  in  The  English  Historical  Review  for 
July,  1907.  A  similar  case  is  that  of 
Canning's  first  constituency,  which  is  almost 
invariably  wrongly  given.  Copies  of  a 
little  pamphlet  (printed  for  private  circula- 
tion) dealing  with  this  point  are  to  be  seen 
in  the  British  Museum  and  Bodleian  Lib- 
raries. ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 


THE  NATIONAL  FLAG  (10  S.  ix.  502).— The 
following  report  from  the  proceedings  of  the 
House  of  Lords  of  Tuesday,  the  15th  inst., 
confirms  the  statement  of  the  official  letter 
I  received  from  the  Home  Office,  dated  the 
19th  of  June,  that  "  the  Union  Jack  is  to  be 
regarded  as  the  National  Flag,  and  may  be 
used  generally  by  British  subjects  on  land," 
as  well  as  the  further  intimation  I  received, 
also  official,  that  the  Royal  Standard,  being 
the  personal  flag  of  the  Sovereign,  cannot  be 
flown  except  with  His  Majesty's  permission. 
It  is  good  to  know  that  this  question,  so 
long  agitated,  is  now  finally  settled  : — 

"  Earl  Howe  asked  the  Government,  with  a  view 
to  removing  any  possible  doubt  that  might  exist  on 
the  subject,  whether  it  was  a  fact  that  the  full 
Union  Jack  might  be  flown  on  land  by  every  citizen 
in  the  Empire,  as  well  as  on  the  Government  offices 
and  public  buildings. 

"  The  Earl  of  Crewe :  There  has  existed  in  the 
public  mind  a  curious  confusion  as  to  what  flags 
may  be  flown  and  what  may  not  be  flown.  At  one 
time  it  seemed  to  be  believed  that  the  Royal 
Standard  could  be  flown  anywhere  and  by  anybody. 
That,  however,  we  now  know  is  not  the  case.  It 
was  formally  announced  that  the  Royal  Standard 
is  the  personal  flag  of  the  Sovereign,  and  cannot  be 
flown  without  His  Majesty's  permission,  and  that 
is  only  granted  when  the  King  and  Queen  are 
present.  Of  course,  a  very  different  state  of  things 
applies  with  regard  to  the  Union  Jack.  I  think  it 
may  fairly  be  stated  that  the  Union  Jack  should  be 
regarded  as  the  National  Flag,  and  it  may  un- 
doubtedly be  flown  on  land  by  all  His  Majesty's 
subjects/' 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 

[For  earlier  communications  on  the  subject  see 
10  S.  ix.  128,  154,  174,  255,  292,  396,  514.] 

MILTON  AND  CHRIST'S  COLLEGE,  CAM- 
BRIDGE (10  S.  x.  30).— In  1642  Milton  pub- 
lished '  Animadversions  upon  the  Remon- 
strant's Defence  against  Smectymnuus,' 
which  evoked  a  severe  and  extremely  per- 
sonal diatribe  from  an  anonymous  critic. 
This  straightway  prompted  the  poet  to  the 


production  of  an  elaborate  reply,  which  he 
entitled  '  An  Apology  against  a  Pamphlet 
call'd  a  Modest  Confutation  of  the  Animad- 
versions upon  the  Remonstrant  against 
Smectymnuus.'  Having  pointed  out  that 
his  critic  spends  the  first  part  of  his  attack 
"  not  in  confuting,  but  in  a  reasonlesse 
defaming  of  the  book,"  the  apologist  pro- 
ceeds to  consider  the  grievous  personalities 
in  the  indictment.  He  holds  that  his  assail- 
ant knows  nothing  of  him  further  than 
"  his  owne  conjecture,"  and  presently  he 
writes  as  follows  : — 

"I  must  be  thought,  if  this  libeller  (for  now  he 
shewes  him  self  e  to  be  so)  can  finde  belief  e,  after 
an  inordinat  and  riotous  youth  spent  at  the  Uni- 
versity, to  have  bin  at  length  vomited  out  thence. 
For  which  commodious  lye,  that  he  may  be 
incourag'd  in  the  trade  another  time,  I  thank  him  ; 
for  it  hath  given  me  an  apt  occasion  to  acknow- 
ledge publickly  with  all  gratefull  minde,  that 
more  then  ordinary  favour  and  respect  which  I 
found  above  any  of  my  equals  at  the  hands  of  those 
courteous  and  learned  men,  the  Fellowes  of  that 
Colledge  wherein  I  spent  some  yeares :  who  at  my 
parting,  after  I  had  taken  two  degrees,  as  the 
manner  is,  signifi'd  many  waves,  how  much  better 
it  would  content  them  that  I  would  stay ;  as  by 
many  Letters  full  of  kindnesse  and  loving  respect, 
both  before  that  time  and  long  after,  I  was  assur'd 
of  their  singular  good  affection  towards  me." 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

In  the  second  edition  of  '  The  Life  of  John 
Milton,'  by  Dr.  Charles  Symmons,  it  is  said 
on  p.  57  that  "  a  son  of  Bishop  Hall  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  immediate  advancer 
of  the  charge."  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

[MB.  HOLDEN  MAcMiCHAEL  also  thanked  for 
reply.] 

PLAXTOL  (10  S.  ix.  430,  477;  x.  33).— 
The  original  of  Adam  de  Gurdon's  charter 
cited  by  White  is  in  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford,  from  which  it  appears  that  the 
"  place "  given  by  him  to  the  Priory  of 
Selborne  was  not  for  a  recreation  ground, 
but  in  order  that  the  convent  might  there 
hold  the  market  which  they  had  by  the 
gifts  of  King  Henry  III.,  and  might  build 
houses  and  shops  upon  it.  See  the  'Calendar 
of  Charters  relating  to  Selborne,'  printed 
by  the  Hampshire  Record  Society  in  1891, 
p.  64.  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

"THURCET"  (10  S.  x.  29).— I  do  not  think 
that  any  such  word  is  to  be  found  in  any  of 
the  Selborne  charters  preserved  in  Magdalen 
College.  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

BOOK  MARGINS  (10  S.  ix.  285). — I  quite 
agree  with  C.  C.  B.'s  remarks  as  to  the  futility 
of  giving  a  wider  outer  margin  at  the  expense 


.10  S.  X.  JULY  25,  1908.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


73 


of  the  inner  one.  But  is  your  correspondent 
justified  in  singling  out  the  "  large,  stiffly 
bound "  volumes  of  Lord  Acton's  '  Gam- 
bridge  Modern  History  '  as  a  case  in  point  ? 
Bulky  the  volumes  undoubtedly  are  ;  some 
may  think  the  inner  margin  somewhat 
too  narrow  ;  but  surely  "  stiffly  bound  " 
they  are  not,  and  this  is  where  the  pernicious 
effects  of  narrow  inner  margins  principally 
show  themselves.  Each  one  of  the  volumes 
that  I  have  yet  received,  issued  in  its  strong 
dark  blue  buckram  covers,  lies  open  in  one 
hand  in  a  way  that  few  volumes  of  an  equally 
bulky  nature  do.  Tot  homines  quot  senten- 
tice.  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

FIELD-GLASSES  IN  1650  (10  S.  vi.  188). — 
MB.  JAMES  WATSON  under  this  heading 
refers  to  Galileo's  invention  of  the  telescope 
in  1609.  I  should  like  to  draw  his  attention 
to  Burton's  note  on  the  ivory  tube  mentioned 
in  the  tale  of  '  Prince  Ahmad  and  the  Peri 
Band  '  :— 

"The  origin  of  the  lens  and  its  applied  use  to  the 
telescope  and  the  microscope  'are  lost'  (as  the 
Castle  guides  of  Edinburgh  say)  'in  the  gloom  of 
antiquity.'  Well -ground  glasses  have  been  dis- 
covered amongst  the  finds  in  Egypt  and  Assyria ; 
indeed,  much  of  the  finer  work  of  the  primeval 
artist  could  not  have  been  done  without  such  aid. 
In  Europe  the  '  spy-glass  '  appears  first  in  the  '  Opus 
Majus '  of  the  learned  Roger  Bacon  (circa  A.D.  1270) ; 
and  his  '  optic  tube'  (whence  his  saying,  *  All  things 
are  known  by  perspective ')  chiefly  contributed  to 
make  his  widespread  fame  as  a  wizard.  The  tele- 
scope was  popularized  by  Galileo,  who,  as  mostly 
happens,  carried  off  and  still  keeps  amongst  the 
vulgar  all  the  honours  of  the  invention." 

I  take  this  note  at  second  hand  from  p.  57 
of  Groome's  *  Gypsy  Folk-Tales,'  a  very 
valuable  book.  ALEX  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

ROUND  OAK  SPRING  (10  S.  x.  9). — Round 
oak  is  described  in  James  A.  Sharp's  '  Gazet 
teer  of  the  British  Islands,'  1852,  vol.  ii 
p.  509,  as  being  eight  miles  south-west  o: 
Reading,  S.  Berks. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

CHALK  FARM,  FORMERLY  CHALCOT  FARM 
N.W.  (10  S.  ix.  251,  338,  377).— Chalk  and 
cliffs  are  closely  associated,  but  it  is  mere 
coincidence    that    one    named    Cliff    shoulc 
have  held  "  Chalk  Farm."     John  Slannyng' 
of  Hampstead,  Middlesex,  in  his  will,  datec 
1558,   left   to   his    "kinsman"   Henry   Cliff 
his   lease   of   Chalcotte,    six   oxen   and   six 
kyne,  a  feather  bed,  and  covering  sheets 

Chalkhill  as  a  place-name  in  Kingsbury 
occurs  about  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  Thomas  Frowyk  (of  Kentish  origin 


eing  of  this  place  (Early  Proceedings  in 
hancery,  bundle  65,  No.  126).  As  a  per- 
onal  name  it  is  found  at  Kingsbury  and 
«Villesden  much  earlier.  Ralf  Chalkhill  of 
Hendon  is  mentioned  in  a  deed  19  Henry  VI. 
see  printed  '  Catalogue  of  Early  Deeds 
t  the  Record  Office').  In  this  case  it 
eems  that  the  family  gave  name  to  the 
>lace,  having  derived  their  surname  from 
heir  place  of  origin — perhaps  Kent  or 
ussex.  FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 

In  1556  Chalk  Farm  was  "  Chawcoot's 
Farm  "  (Hist.  MSS.  Com.,  Fifteenth  Report, 
Ap.  II.  p.  259).  H.  W.  U. 

LATIN  PRONUNCIATION  (10  S.  ix.  81,  131, 
75,  251,  314,  351,  510).— Though  you  have 
losed  this  discussion,  please  allow  me  to 
ay  that  M.  HAULTMONT  is  right,  and  I  was 

wrong,  in  thinking  that  the  "  restored " 
Denunciation  proposes  for  Latin  a  the  sound 
>f  our  vowel  in  "  fat."  The  examples  given 
or  it  are  the  second  syllable  of  "  footpath  " 

and  the  first  of  "  aha  "  ;  that  is,  shorter 
'orms  of  the  a  in  "father."  Whether  it 
rtdll  be  possible  to  make  boys  thus  distinguish 
Between  longer  and  shorter  forms  of  the 

same  vowel-sound  may  be  questioned  ;    but 

such  is  the  proposal,  not  as  stated  in  my 

previous  letter  (10  S.  ix.  354). 

T.  S.  OMOND. 

JOHNSONIANA  (10  S.  x.  8).— The  suggestion 
that  Dr.  Johnson  was  in  the  habit  of  reject- 
ing whatever  failed  to  please  his  palate  is 
supported  by  Madame  D'Arblay  in  a  letter 
to  Mrs.  Thrale  dated  16  Aug.,  1785  :  "  Dr. 
Johnson,"  she  says,  "  swallows  nothing 
but  what  he  likes"  ('Madame  D'Arblay' s 
Diary,'  ed.  Dobson,  1904,  i.  443). 

M.  H.  I.  LETTS. 

*  DE  ST.  PHILIBERT  (10  S.  x.  8). — MR. 
ROWE  will  find  a  pedigree  of  this  family 
and  much  information  concerning  it  in  the 
pages  of  Charles  Kerry's  '  History  of  the 
Hundred  of  Bray  (Berks),'  published  in 
1861.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

ANONYMOUS  WORKS  (10  S.  x.  28).— 
'  Marriage  Rites,  Customs,  and  Ceremonies 
of  the  Nations  of  the  Universe  '  was  written 
by  Lady  Augusta  Hamilton.  The  first 
edition  was  1 822.  AYE AHR. 

[W.  C.  B.  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

"  RISE,"  ACTIVE  VERB  (10  S.  ix.  427).— 
In  my  view,  "  rose "  was  an  accidental 
strong  conjugating  of  the  verb  to  "  raise," 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  JULY  25,  im 


by  the  speaker.  In  this  connexion,  however, 
conjugating  that  offends  against  modern 
canons  is  often  sound  (Middle)  English,  e.g., 
the  invariable  "  slep  "  for  "  slept  "  of  the 
Southern  labourer  (cf.  *  Genesis  and  Exodus,' 
1.  1941),  and  "  catched "  for  "caught" 
("cachid"  in  Wiclif ).  H.  P.  L. 

GILES  HERON  (10  S.  ix.  469). — He  was  the 
son  of  Sir  John  Heron  of  Wanstead,  and  is 
referred  to  in  the  '  Story  of  Wanstead  Park,' 
by  O.  S.  Dawson,  which,  after  mentioning 
that  the  manor  passed  from  Sir  Ralph 
Hastings  to  Sir  John  Heron,  states  : — 

"His  son  Sir  Giles  Heron,  who  married  the 
daughter  of  the  worthy  but  hapless  Sir  Thomas 
More,  was,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  attainted 
of  treason,  because  he  would  not  acknowledge  the 
king's  supremacy  as  the  head  of  the  Church,  arid 
his  estates  were  seized  by  the  Crown,  and  this 
manor  was  granted  to  Robert,  Lord  Rich." 

G.  H.  W. 

See  Mr.  Joseph  Gillow's  *  Bibliographical 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Catholics,'  iii.  281. 
JOHN  B.   WAINEWRIGHT. 

BRASS  AS  A  SURNAME  (10  S.  viii.  350  ; 
ix.  358). — I  wish  to  thank  the  correspondents 
at  the  latter  reference,  and  also  DR.  S.  D. 
CLIPPINGDALE,  who  replied  to  me  privately, 
for  their  information.  It  may  only  be 
coincidence,  but  it  may,  on  the  other  hand, 
be  a  point  in  favour  of  the  Breton  deriva- 
tion, that  the  Brasses  here  are  noted  for 
their  height  and  their  length  of  limb. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
ix.  488). — For  the  saying  "  Les  beaux  esprits 
se  rencontrent,"  which  forms  the  first  half 
of  MR.  MORETON'S  third  quotation,  Mr. 
King  ('Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations') 
refers  to  Quitard,  '  Diet,  des  Proverbes.' 
It  is  not  noticed  in  the  20th  ed.  of  '  Geflu- 
gelte  Worte.'  But  it  is  useful  to  remember 
that  in  earlier  editions  of  Biichmann's 
work  the  test  of  what  constitutes  a  "  winged 
word "  was  often  more  leniently  applied, 
and  several  articles  were  included  which 
were  afterwards  struck  out.  In  the  10th  ed. 
(1877),  for  example,  the  author  writes 
(p.  123)  that  the  earliest  allusion  to  the 
above  saying  that  he  has  found  is  in  a  German 
author,  Andreas  Gryphius  (ob.  1664),  in 
whose  '  Horribilicribrifax,'  Act  V.  sc.  vii., 
Daradidatumdarides  says  :  "  Les  beaux 
esprits  lernen  einander  durch  dergleichen 
rencontre  erkennen."  Buchmann  adds  that 
Voltaire  employs  the  expression  in  a  letter 
to  Thieriot  of  30  June,  1760.  Both  Buch- 


mann and  Mr.  King  quote  "  Great  wits 
jump "  from  '  Tristram  Shandy,'  vol.  iii. 
cap.  ix.  (orig.  ed.).  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  line  about  which  MR.  WEBB  inquires, 
ante,  p.  28, 

And  half  detected,  animate  the  whole, 
is — with  "  detected  "  substituted  for  "  sus- 
pected " — in  Sydney  Smith's  recipe  for 
salad  dressing;  see  "  A  Memoir  of  the  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith,  by  his  daughter  Lady 
Holland,"  3rd  ed.,  1855,  vol.  i.  p.  426 
(chap.  xi.). 

Considering  the  wretched  salad  dressings 
so  general  in  England,  it  should  be  worth 
reprinting  in  full : — 

To  make  this  condiment,  your  poet  begs 

The  pounded  yellow  of  two  hard-boil'd  eggs ;  _ 

Two  Doil'd  potatoes,  pass'd  through  kitchen  sieve, 

Smoothness  and  softness  to  the  salad  give. 

Let  onion  atoms  lurk  within  the  bowl, 

And,  half -suspected,  animate  the  whole. 

Of  mordant  mustard  add  a  single  spoon, 

Distrust  the  condiment  that  bites  so  soon  ; 

But  deem  it  not,  thou  man  of  herbs,  a  fault, 

To  add  a  double  quantity  of  salt ; 

Four  times  the  spoon  with  oil  from  Lucca  brown, 

And  twice  with  vinegar  procured  from  town  ; 

And  lastly,  o'er  the  flavoured  compound  toss 

A  magic  soupgon  of  anchovy  sauce. 

Oh,  green  and  glorious  !  Oh,  herbaceous  treat ! 

'Twould  tempt  the  dying  anchorite  to  eat : 

Back  to  the  world  he  'd  turn  his  fleeting  soul ; 

And  plunge  his  fingers  in  the  salad-bowl ! 

Serenely  full,  the  epicure  would  say, 

Fate  cannot  harm  me,  I  have  dined  to-day. 

Concerning  this  recipe  Smith  says  : — 

"  I  was  not  aware  how  much  it  had  contributed 

to  my  reputation,  till  I  met  Lady at  Bowood, 

who  begged  to  be  introduced  to  me,  saying,  she  had 
so  long  wished  to  know  me.  I  was  of  course  highly 
flattered,  till  she  added,  '  For,  Mr.  Smith,  I  have 
heard  so  much  of  your  recipe  for  salads,  that  I  was 
most  anxious  to  obtain  it  trom  you.'  Such  and  so 
various  are  the  sources  of  fame." — Ibid.,  p.  425. 

Apparently  "  brown  "  at  the  end  of  the 
eleventh  line  should  be  "  crown." 

W.  H.  Wills,  in  '  Poets'  Wit  and  Humour,' 
1861,  in  his  reprint  of  the  recipe  (p.  234), 
omits  the  couplet  beginning  "  Four  times." 
He  gives  "  too  "  instead  of  "  so  "  in  the 
eighth  line,  and  "  soup-spoon  "  instead  of 
"  soup£on "  in  the  fourteenth  line.  Both 
of  these  corrections  appear  to  be  reasonable. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

The  line  referring  to  an  onion  in  salad 
is  to  be  found  in  Sydney  Smith's  '  Recipe 
for  a  Winter  Salad,'  where  it  reads 

And,  scarce  suspected,  animate  the  whole. 

The  '  Recipe  '  is  not  to  be  found  in  the 
'  Works  of  Sydney  Smith,'  published  by 
Longmans  in  1854  ;  but  I  have  extracted 
it  from  p.  137  of  the  appendix  to  '  The  Art 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


of  Dining,'  published  anonymously  in  1852 
by  John  Murray  (is  the  author  A.  Hay  ward 
A.C.  ?)  :— 

Two  large  potatoes,  passed  through  kitchen  sieve, 

Unwonted  softness  to  the  salad  give. 

Of  mordant  mustard  add  a  single  spoon  ; 

Distrust  the  condiment  which  bites  so  soon  ; 

But  deem  it  not,  thou  man  of  herbs,  a  fault 

To  add  a  double  quantity  of  salt. 

Three  times  the  spoon  with  oil  of  Lucca  crown, 

And  once  with  vinegar  procured  from  town. 

The  flavour  needs  it,  and  your  poet  begs, 

The  pounded  yellow  of  two  well-boiled  eggs. 

Let  onion  atoms  lurk  within  the  bowl, 

And,  scarce  suspected,  animate  the  whole  ; 

And  lastly,  on  the  flavoured  compound  toss 

A  magic  tea  spoon  of  anchovy  sauce. 

Then  though  green  turtle  fail,  though  venison's 

tough, 

And  ham  and  turkey  are  not  boiled  enough, 
Serenely  full  the  epicure  may  say, 
Fate  cannot  harm  me  —  I  have  dined  to-day  ! 


Dublin. 


L.  A.  W. 


I  '  The  Art  of  Dining  '  is  by  Abraham  Hay  ward. 
Many  other  correspondents  are  thanked  for 
replies.] 

"  FEMMER  "  (10  S.  x.  9).—  This  is  a  dialect 
word  used  chiefly  in  the  North  of  England, 
and  meaning  "  weak,  frail,  slender,  slightly 
made,  used  both  of  persons  and  things." 
So  writes  Prof.  Wright  in  the  'English 
Dialect  Dictionary,'  published  in  six  volumes, 
1896-1905.  The  range  of  the  word  is 
through  Northumberland,  Durham,  Cumber- 
land, Yorkshire,  and  Lancashire.  Prof. 
Wright  finds  the  same  word  in  the  Swedish 
dialect,  meaning  active,  light  ;  in  Norwegian 
dialect  as  fim,  quick  ;  in  Old  Norse  as  fimr, 
nimble.  From  it,  he  adds,  come  "  femmer- 
some,"  adj.,  stiff,  not  supple,  "femoral"  and 
^femmerous,"  adj.,  slender,  slight,  frail,  used 
in  North  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire.  In 
1  Northumberland  Words  '  Mr.  R.  O.  Heslop 
defines  "  femmer  "  as  "  weak,  slight,  frail, 
cranky,  tender."  I  do  not  find  the  word 
in  Jamieson's  '  Scottish  Dictionary.' 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 


Femmer  "  is  in  use  here  as  opposed  to 
strong,  though  I  think  it  is  not  applied  to 
persons,  but  to  objects.  A  chair  is  said  to 
be  "  femmer  "  when  it  is  rickety  or  cheaply 
put  together.  I  was  not  aware  the  word 
was  in  use  in  Scotland.  R.  B — R. 

South  Shields. 

SINGLE  TOOTH  (10  S.  ix.  326).— It  may  be 
interesting,  as  bearing  upon  the  story  of 
Pyrrhus  (which  Prof.  Mahaffy  takes  to  mean 
only  that  his  teeth  were  very  close-set), 


to  mention  that  several  members  in  two 
generations  of  a  certain  Connecticut  family 
had  no  teeth  proper.  <.  The  gums  were  re- 
placed by  an  undivided  ring  of  tooth  sub- 
stance, prolonged  upward  to  the  height 
of  ordinary  teeth,  and  were  used  in  all 
respects  as  such.  FORREST  MORGAN. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

HAIR         BECOMING         SUDDENLY        WHITE 

THROUGH  FEAR  (10  S.  ix.  445  ;  x.  33).— 
MR.  PEET  quotes  an  instance,  from  '  Cameos 
from  English  History,'  in  which  the  hair  of 
a  good  Catholic  is  turned  white  on  hearing 
that  Henry  of  Navarre  had  become  king. 
As  a  pendant  to  this  it  may  be  recalled  that 
Henry  himself  asserted  that  on  hearing 
of  the  Edict  of  Nemours  (18  July,  1585),  by 
which  it  was  enacted  that  all  Huguenots 
had  either  to  go  to  Mass  or  leave  the  king- 
dom within  six  months,  his  moustaches 
suddenly  turned  white  on  that  side  of  his 
face  which  was  supported  by  his  hand. 
See  'Memoirs  of  Sully/  vol.  i.  p.  114,  note 
(London,  Wm.  Miller,  1810)  ;  also  Motley's 
'United  Netherlands,'  vol.  i.  p.  132  (John 
Murray,  1868).  T.  F.  D. 

"Among  others  whose  acquaintance  Montaigne 
made  in  the  bath-room  [at  Plombieres]  was  Seigneur 
d' Andelot,  formerly  in  the  service  of  Charles  V .  and 
governor  for  him  of  St.  Queiitin.  One  side  of  his 
beard  and  one  eyebrow  were  white ;  and  he  related 
that  this  change  came  to  him  in  an  instant  one  day 
as  he  was  sitting  at  home,  with  his  head  leaning  on 
his  hand,  in  profound  grief  at  the  loss  of  a  brother, 
executed  by  the  Duke  of  Alba  as  accomplice  of 
Counts  Egmont  and  Home.  When  he  looked  up 
and  uncovered  the  part  which  he  had  clutched  in  his 
agony,  the  people  present  thought  that  flour  had 
been  sprinkled  over  him."— Bay le  St.  John,  *  Mon- 
taigne the  Essayist,'  vol.  ii.  p.  137. 

A.  O.  V.  P. 

Dr.  Guy  in  his  '  Forensic  Medicine,'  1844, 
writes  thus  : — 

'The  effect  of  sudden  and  violent  emotion  in 
producing  a  change  in  the  colour  of  the  hair  is  well 
known.  The  same  change  has  also  been  produced 
by  disease,  as  in  the  following;  case,  related  by  Dr. 
Gfordon  Smith.  A  lady,  '  when  about  the  age  of 
thirteen,  went  to  bed  one  night,  and  about  three  in 
bhe  morning  was  conscious  of  a  sensation  like  faint- 
ing. She  got  up  early,  and  found  that  the  whole  of 
ler  hair  had  become  grey.' " 

This  change  was  not  confined  to  the  hair 
of  the  head.  E.  YARDLEY. 

It  should  be  noted  that  this  subject  has 
on  more  than  one  occasion  been  previously 
dealt  with  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  See  5  S.  i.  444  ; 
6  S.  vi.  85,  134,  329  ;  vii.  37  ;  viii.  97  ;  ix. 
378  ;  7  S.  ii.  6,  93,  150,  238,  298,  404,  412, 
518  ;  iii.  95  ;  iv.  195,  415  ;  vii.  344. 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  JULY  25,  im 


The  references  given  in  the  reply  at 
7  S.  iv.  415  are  incorrect,  so  far  as  they  apply 
to  6  S.  ix.,  the  references  given  for  this 
volume  referring,  in  fact,  to  7  S.  ii. 

UBLLAD. 

T.  L.  PEACOCK  :  "  SKYLIGHT  "  AND 
"TWILIGHT  "  (10  S.  x.  9).— These  words  are 
expressive  of  the  "  no  heeltap  "  school  of 
hospitality  which  prevailed  at  Headlong 
Hall,  and  at  the  other  country  mansions 
where  Peacock's  novels  take  us.  Mr.  Head- 
long would  not  allow  his  guests  to  see  "  sky- 
light "  through  an  emptied  glass,  or  "  twi- 
light "  through  a  half -emptied  glass — "  car 
de  bien  boire  oncques  ne  fust  faitard." 

R.  L.  MOBETON. 

Surely    "No   Skylight!     No   Twilight!" 
is  merely  equivalent  to  "  No  Daylight  !  " 
HABMATOPEGOS. 

May  I  suggest  that  the  words  "  No  Sky- 
light !  No  Twilight  !  "  are  intended  to  mean 
that  Bacchanalian  orgies  should  not  take 
place  in  daylight,  whether  full  or  twilight, 
but  at  night,  with  drawn  curtains  and  arti- 
ficial light  ?  UBLLAD. 

VEBNON  OF  HODNET  (10  S.  ix.  168,  491). — 
The  names  of  the  husband  of  Frances  Vernon 
(seventh  child  of  John  Vernon  in  the  list 
given  at  the  latter  reference)  should  read 
Sir  Anthony  Sherley,  and  not  Sir  Arthur 
Shirley.  He  was  the  well-known  traveller 
and  diplomatist.  (He  was  inter  alia  the 
last  ambassador  from  the  German  Emperor 
to  Morocco  till  within  the  last  few  years.) 
The  marriage  was  an  unhappy  one,  and 
there  was  no  issue  of  it. 

The  then  existing  branches  of  the  Shirley 
family  were  distinguished  from  each  other 
by  the  various  spellings  of  the  name. 
The  main  branch  (Warwickshire  and  Derby) 
used  Shirley ;  while  Sherley  was  the 
spelling  of  the  Wiston  (Sussex)  family, 
and  Shurley  that  of  the  one  of  Isfield 
(also  in  Sussex). 

As  to  the  question  whether  John  Vernon 
was  a  knight  or  not,  he  is  certainly  so  de- 
scribed by  so  good  an  authority  as  the  late 
Mr.  Evelyn  Philip  Shirley,  both  in  the 
Stemmata  Shirleiana  '  and  in  '  The  Sherley 
Brothers '  (published  for  the  Roxburghe 
Club,  1848).  C.  S.  HABBIS. 

JOHN  ZEPHANIAH  HOLWELL  (10  S.  ix. 
370,  455,  518).— Holwell  took  command  of 
Fort  William,  Calcutta,  on  Drake's  desertion 
of  the  citadel.  He  survived  the  horrors  of 
the  "  Black  Hole  "  ;  but  MB.  MONTAGUE 


EDWABDS  is  not  quite  correct  in  stating 
n  his  query  that  a  monument  was  erected 
:o  Holwell  in  1902  on  the  site  of  the  tragedy. 
3n  the  restoration  of  the  settlement  to  the 
English,  Holwell  with  others  erected  a 
monument  near  the  fort,  upon  the  face 
of  which  were  inscribed  particulars  of  the 
event  and  the  names  of  the  victims  of  the 
N"awab's  cruelty — Holwell' s  name  being 
included.  This  monument  disappeared 
many  years  ago  ;  but  Lord  Cur z  on  during 
his  Viceroyalty  erected,  at  his  own  expense, 
a  replica  (or  nearly  so)  of  it,  which  again 
records  the  name  of  Holwell  and  those  of 
his  fellow-sufferers.  There  is  a  fine  con- 
temporary oil  painting  here,  in  the  Victoria 
Hall  collection,  of  Holwell  engaged  in  inspect- 
ing the  erection  of  the  original  monument. 

The  story  of  Holwell  and  his  heroism  at 
the  time  of  the  siege  of  Calcutta  may  be 
fo.und  in. Mr.  H.  E.  A.  Cotton's  'Calcutta 
Old  and  New,'  the  Rev.  W.  K.  Firminger's 
handbook  on  Calcutta,  and  the  earlier  parts 
of  Bengal  :  Past  and  Present,  the  magazine 
of  the  Calcutta  Historical  Society. 

WlLMOT    COBFIELD. 

Calcutta. 

"PBOMETHEAN"  (10  S.  x.  10,  54).— Did 
the  Drury  Lane  lamplighter  of  1812  carry 
one  of  the  articles  ?  It  will  be  remembered 
that  James  Smith's  inimitable  parody  of 
Crabbe's  style  opens  : — 

'Tis  sweet  to  view,  from  half -past  five  to  six, 
Our  long  wax-candles,  with  short  cotton  wicks, 

Touch'd  by  the  lamplighter's  Promethean  art, 
Start  into  light,  and  make  the  lighter  start. 

But  it  is  more  likely  that  this  is  only  a 

poetical  allusion  to  the  son  of  lapetus. 

R.  L.  MOBETON. 

NUBSEBY  RIME  (10  S.  ix.  408,  478  ;  x, 
38). — The  lines  of  Monk  Lewis  may  be  re- 
membered. I  think  that  allusion  has  not 
been  made  to  them  in  this  discussion.  I 
may,  however,  have  overlooked  them. 
The  worms  they  crept  in,  and  the  worms  they  crept 

out ; 
And  wriggled  his  eyeballs  and  temples  about. 

*  Alonzo  the  Brave  and  the  Fair  Imogene. 
E.  YABDLEY. 

RUSHLIGHTS  (10  S.  x.  27). — These  are  still 
specially  made  in  small  quantities  for 
plumbers,  who  use  them  in  their  business, 
several  of  them  being  tied  together  to- 
make  a  torch.  Prof.  V.  B.  Lewes,  of  the 
Royal  Naval  College,  Greenwich,  told  me 
he  had  great  difficulty  in  obtaining  speci- 
mens for  one  of  his  lectures  on  chemistry. 
I  asked  a  friend  of  mine,  the  last  of  a  family 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25, 1903.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


that  had  been  engaged  in  soap-  and  candle- 
making  for  two  centuries,  and  he  sent 
a  bundle  to  the  professor.  He  also  told 
me  that  the  industry,  very  small  as  it  was, 
was  disappearing,  as  plumbers  now  used 
spirit  lamps  instead  of  the  rushlight  torches. 

AYEAHB. 

I  have  about  twenty  holders  of  different 
shapes,  sizes,  and  stands — some  with  candle 
holders  attached,  and  some  for  hanging  up 
— all  collected  in  Shropshire  and  Mont- 
gomeryshire. I  saw  a  few  weeks  ago  at 
Knighton  an  iron  rushlight  pan  in  which 
the  fat  was  melted  ;  and  I  have  a  rushlight 
properly  made,  which  was  manufactured 
for  a  friend  of  mine  about  three  years  ago. 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Shrewsbury. 

MAPS  (10  S.  x.  8). — Perhaps  a  reference  to 

*  The    Geography   of   Ptolemy   Elucidated,' 
by    Thomas    Glazebrook    Rylands,    printed 
for   the   author  by   Ponsonby   &   Weldrick 
at  the  University  Press,  Dublin,  1893,  may 
be    of    some    use    to    YGREC.     The    book 
contains     no     bibliography     of     Ptolemy's 

*  Geography,'  but  in  his  preface  the  author 
says  (pp.  v,  vi)  : — 

"  So  far  as  could  be  made  out,  we  have  no  editio 
princeps  worthy  of  the  name.  It  was  in  the  course 
of  this  study  (i.e.,  of  nearly  every  printed  edition, 
and  not  a  few  of  the  manuscripts,  in  the  libraries 
at  home  and  abroad,  including  the  Vatican),  after 
examining  the  two  manuscript  issues  of  Nicolaus 
de  Donis,  and  the  edition  of  1482,  that  the  con- 
clusion was  reached  as  to  its  value It  is  not 

suggested  that  any  one  edition  is  a  safe  guide  alone ; 
but  that,  of  all  that  have  been  examined,  the 
edition  1482  is,  on  the  whole,  the  one  which  is  most 
reliable." 

A  foot-note  on  p.  vi  says  : — 

"  So  far  as  I  am  aware,  no  edition  of  the  '  Geo- 
graphy '  has  hitherto  been  printed  in  England,  while 
more  than  seventy  have  been  issued  on  the  Con- 
tinent. I  have  good  reason  to  believe  that  a  photo- 
lithographic fac-simile  of  this  Donis  volume  is  likely 
to  be  pu Wished." 

Mr.  Rylands  died  some  years  ago.  Pro- 
bably his  son  Mr.  W.  Harry  Rylands,  F.S.A., 
formerly  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Biblical 
Archaeology,  or  Mr.  W.  R.  Scott  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  who  helped  Mr.  Rylands 
in  the  production  of  his  book,  the  latter 
being  the  editor,  could  give  YGREC  much 
information  as  to  the  early  copies  of  the 
Ptolemy  maps.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

The  33rd  c  Bulletin  Annuel '  of  the 
Societe  Jersiaise,  issued  this  month  (July) 
to  members,  pp.  319  to  381,  would  prove  of 
great  assistance  to  YGREC. 

CHAS.  A.  BERNAU. 


PRIOR  AND  HIS  CHLOE  (10  S.  x.  7). — 
If  Chloe  were  respectable,  the  parallel 
between  her  and  Lydia  would  not  be  good  ; 
for  Lydia  certainly  was*not  respectable. 
And  let  us  like  Horace  and  Lydia  agree. 
If  Prior  wrote  charming  verses  on  Chloe, 
Horace  wrote  verses  ten  times  more  charm- 
ing on  Lydia,  Barine,  Nesera,  and  other 
disreputable  ladies.  It  is  possible  that 
Prior  knew  an  estimable  Miss  Taylor,  but 
he  did  not  do  her  much  honour  if  he  iden- 
tified her  with  Chloe.  The  whole  poem 
seems  to  me  to  admit  only  of  one  interpre- 
tation. One  of  Prior's  poems  to  Chloe 
(for  she  is  mentioned  by  name  in  it),  called 
'A  Lover's  Anger,'  concludes  with  these 
lines  : — 

So  saying,  she  careless  her  bosom  displayed ; 
That  seat  of  delight  I  with  wonder  surveyed, 
And  forgot  every  word  I  designed  to  have  said. 
She  softened  her  lover's  anger  in  the  same 
way  in  which  Phryne  obtained  her  acquittal. 
Those  verses  would  never  have  been  written 
on  a'modest  woman.  E.  YARDLEY. 

VICTORIAN  COIN  (10  S.  ix.  209,  497  ; 
x.  16). — The  coin  as  described  in  the  query 
differs  both  as  to  obverse  and  reverse  from 
the  "  Godless "  or  "  Graceless  Florin," 
of  which  I  have  one  before  me  as  I  write. 

In  the  latter  both  D.G.  and  F.D.  are 
omitted.  The  inscription  on  the  obverse 
is  simply  "  Victoria  Regina,  1849."  On 
the  reverse  are  four  shields  placed  crosswise 
bearing  the  arms  of  England  (twice)  and 
Scotland  and  Ireland,  encircled  by  the 
inscription  ONE  FLORIN  ONE  TENTH  OF  A 
POUND.  This,  I  believe,  was  intended  as 
a  first  step  towards  decimalizing  the  coinage. 
The  coin  was  issued  under  the  Mastership 
of  Richard  Lalor  Sheil,  who  was  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  was  Master  of  the  Mint  1846-50 
(see  'D.N.B.').  Whether  he  was  dismissed 
on  account  of  the  coin  or  not  I  do  not  know, 
but  in  the  year  following  its  issue  he  was 
appointed  Minister  at  Florence,  and  died 
in  1851. 

See  also  Dr.  Brewer's  '  Reader's  Hand- 
book,' s.v.  '  Godless  Florin.' 

C.  S.  HARRIS. 

"THE  CROOKED  BILLET"  (10  S.  ix.  190, 
452  ;  x.  38). — Instead  of  the  traces  being 
attached  directly  to  a  harrow — the  old-time 
wooden  one — they  are  attached  to  what  is 
called  a  "  billet,"  the  equivalent  of  what 
is  more  generally  known  as  a  "  swingle- 
tree."  To  assist  in  preventing  this  from 
hitting  the  horse's  heels  it  was  often  curved, 
and  as  such  is  known  as  a  "  crooked  billet." 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  JULY  25,  iocs. 


Such,  according  to  local  idea,  is  the  deriva- 
tion of  the  name  of  an  inn  called  "The 
Crooked  Billet,"  which  stood  a  century  ago 
in  the  parish  of  Ash  by  Wrotham,  Kent, 
on  the  road  between  Fawkham  Green  and 
Kingsdown.  Some  eighty  years  ago,  how- 
ever, it  had  ceased  to  exist  as  an  inn  and 
had  been  converted  into  a  couple  of  cottages. 
A  woman  who  lived  in  one  of  them — as  she 
would  say,  "  This  parish  is  her  native  " — 
remembers  seeing  there  many  tubs  and 
barrels  and  other  things,  which  were  locally 
reputed  to  be  part  of  the  stock-in-trade  of 
smugglers  and  their  associates  and  abettors. 
Since  then  it  has  been  all  pulled  down,  and 
on  the  site  now  stand  a  farm  -  house  and 
cottages.  The  name  still  lingers  in  that 
of  the  farm,  which  is  called  the  Billet  Farm, 
and  in  that  of  the  hill  road  close  by,  leading 
up  to  "  the  vineyard  field  "  in  Ash,  which 
is  called  the  Billet  Hill. 

F.  F.  LAMBARDE. 

CHALICE  INSCRIPTION,  1645  (10  S.  ix. 
470). — The  Romans  are  said  to  have  brought 
the  vine  to  the  shores  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva, 
and  among  their  settlements  there  were 
Lustriacum  and  Collium,  now  represented 
by  the  large  villages  of  Lutry  and  Cully, 
round  which  excellent  wine  is  still  grown. 
The  neighbourhood  possesses  a  very  ancient 
guild  of  vine-dressers  known  as  "  FAbbaye 
des  Vignerons,"  the  headquarters  of  which 
are  at  Vevey.  It  is  possible  that  this  guild 
may  have  had  its  headquarters  at  Lutry 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  that  this 
"  chalice  "  may  have  belonged  to  it.  The 
existence  of  an  abbey  at  Lutry  in  1645  is, 
of  course,  out  of  the  question.  The  Bishop 
of  Lausanne  was  forced  to  fly  to  Fribourg 
in  1536,  and  from  that  date  down  to  the 
beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century  Catho- 
licism was  proscribed  in  Vaud. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CLERGY  IN  WIGS  (10  S.  viii.  149,  214; 
ix.  497  ;  x.  16). — I  can  remember  seeing 
Archbishop  Sumner  preach  in  a  wig,  in  a 
church  in  or  near  Eaton  Square,  in  1853  or 
1854.  JAMES  CULL. 

Junior  Athenseum  Club. 

The  Standard  of  6  Aug.,  1901,  states  that 
at  the  marriage  of  the  Princess  Royal  with 
Prince  Frederick  William  of  Prussia,  which 
took  place  in  the  Chapel  Royal  on  25  Jan., 
1858,  Dr.  Sumner,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, who  performed  the  ceremony,  wore 
for  the  last  time  the  once  essential  wig. 

HELLIER  GOSSEHN-GRIMSHAWE. 

Errwood  Hall,  Buxton. 


STUFFED  CHINE  (10  S.  x.  30). — This 
delicacy  is  still  prepared  in  North  Lincoln- 
shire. The  chine  is  first  salted  and  hung 
like  bacon.  When  it  is  to  be  cooked, 
incisions  are  made  parallel  with  its  sides- 
and  down  to  the  bone,  but  not  quite  to  the 
ends,  or  it  would  fall  in  pieces.  The  gashes 
are  filled  with  chopped  herbs — sage,  onionr 
thyme,  marjoram,  columbine,  primrose, 
and  perhaps  other  herbs.  The  chine  is 
then  tightly  wrapped  in  a  cloth,  and  gently 
boiled  or  steamed  for  some  hours,  after 
which  it  is  eaten  cold  at  breakfast,  farm- 
house tea,  or  supper.  J.  T.  F. 
Winterton,  Doncaster. 

I  have  frequently  eaten  both  stuffed  chine 
and  frumenty  in  South  Notts,  but  neither 
of  them,  so  far  as  I  know,  was  considered 
peculiarly  appropriate  to  sheepshearing 
feasts.  Frumenty  we  ate  mostly  at  Michael- 
mas, and  I  know  a  Yorkshire  firm  of  corn 
merchants  and  millers  who  still  present 
their  best  customers  with  a  small  bag  of 
new  wheat  at  that  season,  ostensibly  for 
the  purpose  of  making  it.  Stuffed  chine 
was  a  delicacy  for  winter  or  early  spring. 

C.  C.  B. 

I  met  with  stuffed  chine  fifty  years  ago 
at  South  Kyme,  Lincolnshire. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

WALDOCK  FAMILY  (10  S.  ix.  508).— 
Edmondson's  '  Complete  Body  of  Heraldry  y 
(1780)  gives  Or,  an  "  etoile  "  radiated  sable, 
but  makes  no  mention  of  the  original  grant  ; 
hence  MR.  ELL  may  assume  they  were  regis- 
tered at  the  College  of  Arms  long  before 
Edmondson's  day. 

BERNARD  LORD  M.  QUILLIN. 

Burke' s  '  General  Armory '  gives  the 
arms  of  Waldock  as  Or,  an  estoile  radiated 
sable.  H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

Killadoon,  Cellbridge. 

[COM.  LING,  also  refers  to  Burke.] 

"PINK  SAUCER"  (10  S.  ix.  486).— I 
remember  this  well  as  an  article  in  common 
use  in  the  "  sixties  "  of  last  century,  when 
the  saucers  were  sold,  if  I  am  not  mistaken, 
at  fourpence  or  fivepence  each.  They,  in 
common  with  a  good  many  other  popular 
dye-stuffs,  were  driven  out  of  use  by  the 
ubiquitous  Judson.  C.  C.  B. 

SURREY  GARDENS  (10  S.  ix.  490;  x.  32). 
— In  the  British  Museum  there  are  eight 
volumes  of  programmes,  tickets,  &c.,  from 
the  opening  to  the  burning  in  1861. 

AYEAHR. 


10  s.  x.  JULY  25,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Nunburnholme  :  its  History  and  Antiquities.  By  the 
Rev.  M.  C.  F.  Morris.  (York,  John  Sampson ; 
London,  Henry  Frowde.) 

NUNBURNHOLME  is  not  a  noteworthy  place  among 
the  villages  of  Yorkshire,  but  those  who  read 
Mr.  Morris's  account  thereof  will,  we  are  sure,  give 
his  work  a  high  place  among  the  local  histories  of 
Northern  England.  The  little  town,  as  the 
inhabitants  fondly,  and  with  complete  accuracy, 
call  it,  stands  on  the  western  edge  of  the  East 
Riding  Wolds,  at  the  point  where  they  meet' "the 
far-stretching  Vale  of  York." 

The  introductory  chapter  deals  with  the  geology 
of  the  district ;  then  we  are  introduced  to  Neolithic 
man,  of  whose  burial  mounds  and  implements  we 
have  a  good  account.  What  language  these  remote 
predecessors  of  ours  spoke  is  unknown,  and  will 
most  likely  remain  so,  but  it  is  not  improbable 
that  there  were  several  tongues  struggling  for  the 
mastery,  for  the  skulls  that  have  been  found  in  the 
barrows  unmistakably  indicate  more  than  one  line 
of  descent,  some  being  long  and  narrow,  others 
broad  and  round,  the  latter  seemingly  belonging  to 
the  stronger  race,  while  intermediate  types,  indi- 
cating racial  crossing,  form  the  greater  number. 
This  blending  of  races  probably  occurred  before 
the  tribes  settled  on  the  Yorkshire  Wolds,  and  it 
may  well  be  before  they  arrived  in  any  part  of  what 
we  now  call  England. 

Hardly  anything  is  known  of  Nunburnholme 
before  the  Norman  Conquest.  Its  history  begins,  in 
fact,  with  the  Domesday  survey  (1086),  though  we 
are  justified  in  assuming  that  it  was  inhabited  at  a 
far  earlier  period. 

Mr.  Morris  gives  an  interesting  sketch  of  the 
early  history  of  the  manor.  Early  manorial  history 
is  in  many  cases  very  difficult  to  elucidate. 
We  cannot,  therefore,  take  upon  ourselves  the 
responsibility  of  contradicting  him,  but  the  state- 
ment "that  the  early  grouping  of  parishes  fol- 
lowed manorial  lines  is,  we  think,  far  top  wide. 
It  seems  certain  that  in  many  parts  of  the  kingdom 
the  parish  was  an  earlier  division  than  the  manor. 
In  a  county  which  adjoins  Yorkshire  we  know  a 
parish  within  the  boundaries  of  which  were  two 
complete  manors  and  parts  at  least  of  two  others. 
It  is  well  to  remark  that  though  knowledge  has 
increased  in  recent  days,  the  term  "manor,"  as 
used  in  pre-Norman  days,  is  by  no  means  free  from 
difficulty.  Mr.  Morris  has  made  out  a  satisfactory 
list  of  the  Lords  of  Nunburnholme  from  Forne, 
who  may  have  held  it  previous  to  the  Norman 
time.  He  may  have  been,  and  probably  was, 
ancestor  of  the  Greystockes,  who  held  it  for  many 
generations  ;  afterwards  it  passed  to  the  Dacres  and 
Howards,  then  by  sale  in  1765  to  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire.  In  1847  it  was  again  sold  to  George 
Hudson,  "the  Railway  King";  and  when  mis- 
fortunes fell  upon  that  rash  speculator  it  passed  to 
Albert  Denison,  first  Lord  Londesborough,  by 
whose  representative  it  is  still  held.  The  only 
doubtful  points  in  this  long  list  are  between  1086 
and  1209. 

The  church  is  an  interesting  fabric  which  has  not 
suffered  much  from  restoration.  The  evils  it  under- 
went were  mainly  at  the  time  of  the  Reformation 


and  from  the  utter  neglect  which  fell  upon  it  in  the 
eighteenth  century.  Now  all  has  been  done  to  pre- 
serve what  is  left  and  make  it  suitable  for  worship. 
The  dedication  was  originally  that  of  All  Hallows, 
as  is  proved  by  ancient  wills  ;  but  in  later  time  it 
became  known  as  St.  Jamfes's,  under  which  title 
it  appears  in  Ecton's  '  Thesaurus '  and  Bacon's 
'Liber  Regis.' 

In  the  churchyard  are  the  remains  of  an  early 
cross  which  were  found  in  a  ruinous  porch.  Mr. 
Morris  reproduces  a  description  of  this  interesting 
relic  written  by  the  expert  hand  of  Romilly  Allen. 
Though  it  is  in  fair  preservation,  it  seems  impos- 
sible to  interpret  the  meaning  of  the  greater  part 
of  the  sculptures. 

The  Benedictine  convent  of  St.  Mary  can  never 
have  been  a  house  of  much  importance.  It  fell 
with  the  lesser  monasteries.  Its  founder  has  not 
been  identified.  The  author  thinks  that  it  may 
have  been  one  of  the  ancestors  of  the  house  of 
Greystocke. 

There  is  a  very  good  comment  on  the  dialect  of 
the  Nunburnholme  neighbourhood,  which  would 
make  a  profitable  study  for  those  who  still  treat 
with  contempt  the  folk-speech  of  their  forefathers, 

Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  Charles  Darwin,  now  in 
the  Botany  School,  Cambridge.  Compiled  by 
H.  W.  Rutherford,  of  the  University  Library. 
With  an  Introduction  by  Francis  Darwin.  (Cam- 
bridge, University  Press.) 

THE  frequency  and  rapidity  with  which  the  libraries 
of  the  illustrious  dead  are  sold  ("dispersed"  is,  we- 
believe,  an  expressive  trade  term)  is  distressing. 
Occasionally,  however,  a  famous  collection  such  as 
that  of  the  late  Lord  Acton  remains  intact  and  in 
good  hands.  This  book  records  the  transfer  of  ih& 
whole  of  Darwin's  library  by  his  distinguished  son, 
Mr.  Francis  Darwin,  to  the  Botany  School  of 
Cambridge  for  the  use  of  the  University — an 
admirable  bequest  which  will  be  always  available- 
for  reference. 

The  Introduction  supplies  several  interesting 
details  of  Darwin's  books.  He  hardly  ever  had  a 
book  bound,  and  the  sixth  edition  of  Lyell's- 
4  Elements,'  which  he  found  too  heavy  to  be  read 
with  comfort,  he  converted  into  two  volumes  by 
cutting  it  in  half.  This  short  way  with  bulky 
tomes  might  be  brought  with  advantage  to  the 
notice  of  some  publishers  who  are  responsible  for 
heavy  single  volumes.  The  hands  of  the  present 
reviewer,  for  instance,  have  been  before  now 
benumbed  by  the  effort  of  holding  Strasburger's 
'  Textbook  of  Botany  '—an  admirable  volume,  but 
not  a  light  one  in  any  sense  of  the  word.  Much  of 
Darwin  s  reading  was  in  German,  and  he  had  his 
difficulties  with  that  scientific  tongue.  There  are- 
numerous  pencil  annotations  by  him.  Patrick 
Matthew's  book  on  '  Naval  Timber  and  Arbori- 
culture,' 1831,  was  first  introduced  to  Darwin  by 
long  extracts  published  in  The  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
of  7  April,  1860,  by  the  author.  As  regards  this, 
book  we  read  the  following  pronouncement  here  : — 
"Matthew  claimed  quite  justly  that  he  put 
forward  the  theory  of  Natural  Selection  long  before- 
'  The  Origin  of  Species '  was  published.  It  is 
certainly  surprising  to  find  in  a  book  dated  1831  the 
expression  '  natural  process  of  selection  among- 
plants.'" 

It  is  pointed  out  that  Darwin's  library  is  well 
placed  in  the  Botany  School,  since  it  was  a  Professor 
of  Botany  at  Cambridge,  Henslow,  who  "determined 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x  JDLY  25,  im. 


his  career  as  a  naturalist."  Further,  Cambridge  is 
not  only  Darwin's  own  University,  but  was  also 
that  of  his  grandfather  Erasmus,  who  formed  a 
botanic  garden,  published '  The  Loves  of  the  Plants,' 
and  was  concerned  with  questions  of  evolution. 

Documents  relating  to  the  Office,  of  the  Revels  in  the 
Time  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Edited,  with  Notes 
and  Indexes,  by  Albert  Feuillerat.  (Nutt.) 

Satiro-Mastix.  By  T.  Dekker.  Herausgegeben  nach 
den  Drucken  von  1602  von  Dr.  Hans  Scherer. 
(Same  publisher.) 

THE  bulky  Revels  volume  is  Vol.  XXL  of  the 
series  of  "  Materialien  zur  Kunde  des  alteren 
Englischen  Dramas,"  which,  under  the  spirited 
direction  of  Prof.  Bang,  has  done  much  to  clear  up 
the  difficulties  and  exhibit  the  texts  of  a  most 
important  period  of  the  English  stage.  Prof. 
Feuillerat,  who  writes  in  excellent  English,  has 
given  us  a  masterly  piece  of  editing  which  ought  to 
be  in  every  library  of  any  pretensions.  He  has 
devoted  infinite  care  to  the  printing  of  the  text ; 
his  notes  show  his  ample  knowledge  of  the  work 
of  English  scholars,  and  he  gives  us  besides  a 
glossarial  index,  an  index  of  proper  names,  and 
a  subject  index.  The  notes  are  testimonies  to 
the  editor's  erudition,  and  contest,  it  seems  to  us, 
with  success,  some  of  the  conclusions  of  Mr. 
E.  K.  Chambers  in  his  'Tudor  Revels.'  The  repu- 
tation of  Collier  is  further  reduced,  but  Cunning- 
ham is  found  to  be  an  accurate  editor  of  the  Revels. 
The  identity  of  the  plays  mentioned  is  sometimes 
uncertain.  It  is  ingeniously  suggested,  we  notice, 
that  one  called  '  The  Painful  Phillgrimage '  (sic) 
may  be  '  Everyman,'  as  these  two  words  occur  in 
the  course  of  the  play.  The  meticulous  care  which 
is  shown  in  printing  the  text  is  revealed  in  several 
notes  as  to  uncertain  words. 

Altogether,  our  only  regret  is  that  a  work  of  such 
value  did  not  receive  cloth  binding  in  the  first 
instance  as  a  matter  of  course.  But  we  must  not 
ask  too  much  of  a  series  which  would  be  impossible 
without  generous  and  unremunerative  labour  on 
the  part  of  the  devoted  band  which  the  Professor 
of  English  Philology  at  Lou  vain  inspires  to  study. 

The  contribution  to  the  "  Materialien "  which 
precedes  the  '  Documents  relating  to  the  Revels '  is 
Dekker's  '  Satiro-Mastix,'  edited  by  Dr.  Hans 
Scherer,  who  provides  German  notes  to  the  play. 
While  these  are  reasonable  and  ingenious,  they 
might,  we  think,  give  a  few  more  explanations, 
instead  of  referring  to  the  places  where  such 
explanations  can  be  found.  "Poesies  for  rings," 
for  instance,  is  at  once  cleared  up  for  the  English 
reader  if  he  is  referred  to  the  more  familiar  form  in 
this  connexion,  "posies." 

The  Poetical  Works  of  Keats.  Edited,  with  an 
Introduction  and  Textual  Notes,  by  H.  Buxton 
Forman,  C.B.  (Frowde,  Oxford  University  Press.) 
THE  heading  at  the  top  of  the  title-page,  "  Oxford 
Edition,"  will  lead  the  judicious  reader  to  expect 
good  and  thorough  work,  and  he  will  not  be  dis- 
appointed when  he  comes  to  examine  Mr.  Forman's 
latest  issue  concerning  a  poet  on  whom  he  has 
specialized  for  years.  The  introduction  is  substan- 
tially that  supplied  by  the  editor  to  a  larger  issue, 
also  published  by  the  Clarendon  Press,  in  1906,  and 
it  tells  with  lucidity  the  somewhat  complicated 
history  of  the  sources  of  Keats's  text.  It  happens 
that  these  sources  are  more  numerous  than  usual, 


and  the  text  is  further  complicated  by  the  casual 
handwriting  of  the  poet.  Various  readings  are 
printed  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages,  and  Mr.  Forman 
may  be  trusted  to  reproduce  these  correctly,  for 
there  is  no  greater  master  than  he  of  the  small  de- 
tails which  often  escape  even  a  careful  editor  or 
printer. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Keats  has  been 
credited  with,  or  suspected  of,  the  authorship  of 
verses  now  proved  to  be  by  Mrs.  Tighe,  Laman 
Blanchard,  B.  W.  Procter,  and  Massinger.  We 
fully  agree  with  Mr.  Forman  in  scouting  the  claims 
of  the  '  Song '  beginning 

Stay,  ruby-breasted  warbler,  stay  ! 
It  is  written  in  George  Keats's  hand,  and  seems 
unworthy  of  John  Keats  at  any  period. 

The  comparatively  small  amount  of  Keats's  out- 
put allows  of  large  type  in  a  single-volume  edition. 
We  envy  the  rising  generation  who  can  procure 
such  good  text,  editing,  and  binding  as  this  for  a 
sum  which  would  hardly  have  purchased  an  inferior 
edition  some  years  since.  We  hope  that  Keats's 
fame  as  a  classic  arid  an  exemplar  will  be  spread 
much  further  than  it  reaches  at  present,  and  must 
gently  protest  at  the  phrase  "important  lyric" 
used  by  Mr.  Forman  concerning  the  Nightingale 
Ode.  The  MS.  of  the  Ode  is,  as  Mr.  Forman  has, 
indeed,  said  just  above,  "  important "  or  "  very 
important."  The  Ode  itself  is  not  less  than  im- 
mortal, and  it  is  surely  as  well  to  say  so  in  these 
days,  when  many  versifiers  as  well  as  readers  regard 
their  favourite  hymnal  collections  as  the  best 
models,  and  are  deaf  to  the  masters  of  poetry,  such 
as  Keats  and  Coleridge. 

The  copy  sent  to  us  has  a  Bright  red  cover.  Some 
of  the  earlier  "  Oxford  "  issues  were,  we  think,  clad 
in  blue.  Perhaps  both  colours  are  available— at  any 
rate,  we  certainly  prefer  blue  for  poets.  Did  not 
Keats  write  a  sonnet  on  that  colour,  too  ? 


10 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

D.  M.  Philadelphia  ("American  Ambassador  or 
U.S.  Ambassador  ").—  See  the  editorial  note  at 
10  S.  v.  510. 

R.  PIEBPOINT  ("Lincolnshire  Cattle  and  Fuel: 
He  who  looked  over  Lincoln  ").—  The  first  allusion 
is  to  the  use  of  cow-dung  for  fuel,  for  which  see  the 
long  discussion  at  8  S.  iv.  226,  277,  377,  417  ;  vi.  475. 
The  second  is  to  the  proverb  about  the  Devil  looking; 
over  Lincoln,  also  much  discussed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  See 
the  editorial  note  at  8  S.  ii.  128,  and  the  replies  at 
p.  210  of  the  same  volume. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  "—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lishers "—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 


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81 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  1,  1008. 


CONTENTS.— No.  240. 

NOTES  :— Bibliographical  Technical  Terms,  81  — Genera 
Wade  and  his  Roads,  83—'  Englands  Parnassus,'  1600,  84 
—"Cardinal"  of  St.  Paul's— Greene's  '  Menaphon,'  85— 
The  Old  Omnibuses — Wych  Street — Recovery  from  Hang 
ing—"  Scaramouch  "—Marathon  Runners,  86. 

QUERIES  :  —  Johnsonians,  a  Religious  Sect  —  Malone 
Family— Roses  as  Badges  :  Where  Borne— Seize  Quartiers 
— "Bnccado"  — Rev.  Wm.  Veitch,  87  — Crows  "crying 
against  the  rain"— John  Hickes,  M.P.  for  Fowey  1701-8— 
Tiger  Folk-lore  and  Pope— Baptistery  Font,  Florence— 
' '  Merry  England" — The  King's  Old  Bargehouse — "  Tenths ' 
and  "Fifteenths,"  88— Johnson's  'Tropical  Climates'— 
'Pleasure  digging  his  own  Grave'— Swimming  Bath 
Swimming  Stays— Jacob  Philadelphia—"  House  of  waran 
tyse"— Townley  Estates— Lord  Robert  Gordon  of  the 
Scots  Greys— Chrystal  Magna  :  Maylor  Grange — Budgee, 
a  Kind  of  Ape—"  Cire  perdue  process,"  89. 

REPLIES  :— Dickens  on  "  half -baptized  "—The  Bonassus— 
Wilkes's  'Essay  on  Woman,'  90— Deville— "  Whiff,"  a 
Boat — St.  Andrew's  Cross,  91 — George  Henley  of  Bradley, 
Hants,  92— Rushlights— W.  Heath,  Artist— Old  Tunes— 
Hornsey :  Highgate  and  Arabella  Stuart,  93 — Queen 
Caroline— "Cock-foster"— Edwards  of  Halifax— " Charm- 
ing-Bells" for  Bird -catching,  94— "Angel"  of  an  Inn- 
Henry  Ellison— Wolston,  95— Wine  used  at  Holy  Com- 
munion—Village Mazes— Sir  Menasseh  Massey  Lopez,  Bt. 
—Fig  Trees  :  Maturing  Meat — Samuel  Richardson,  96 — 
"  Meschianza"— Our  Oldest  Military  Officer— The  Swedish 
Church,  Prince's  Square,  St.  George's-in-the-East — Telling 
the  Bees— Early  Law  Terms,  97— Benedict  Arnold- 
Steering- Wheel— Willow-Pattern  China :  Story  Inscribed 
— Vigo  Bay,  1702-19—"  Votes  for  Women  "—Fee  Bowls,  98. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:-' Coleridge's  Literary  Criticism'— 
'  The  Sacred  Poets  of  the  Nineteenth  Century'—'  Evesham 
and  the  Neighbourhood.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    TECHNICAL 
TERMS. 

BETWEEN  the  years  1847  and  1854  the 
celebrated  French  bibliographer  Querard 
finished  the  publication  of  his  most  original 
work  '  Les  Supercheries  litteraires  devoilees.' 
In  that  for  the  first  time  he  used  what  may 
be  called  technical  bibliographical  words, 
to  distinguish  the  kind  of  fictitious  name 
an  author  had  used.  Some  were  plain 
pseudonyms,  but  others  contained  the 
letters  of  the  real  name,  though  disguised, 
and  it  was  possible  to  indicate  the  kind 
of  pseudo-name  by  one  technical  word,  in- 
stead of  a  phrase.  Thus  d'Erquar  is  an  ana- 
gram of  Querard.  The  word  "  anagram," 
signifying  that  the  letters  have  been  arbi- 
trarily inverted,  has  been  in  use  for  hundreds 
of  years  ;  and  thereore  it  comes  natural 
to  apply  it  to  a  pseudonym  so  composed. 

Again,  if  a  person  were  told  that  an 
author  had  written  a  book  under  the  name 
of  Werdna  Retnyw,  and  that  it  was  a 
pseudonym,  no  idea  would  be  formed  as 
to  the  real  name  of  the  author.  Allibone 
calls  Retnyw  an  anagram,  which  it  is  not 


strictly  ;  but  it  brings  us  nearer  than 
"  pseudonym."  The  word  "  ananym,"  used 
for  it  in  the  '  Handbook  of  Fictitious  Names,' 
was  too  new  for  him  td  adopt.  "  Ananym  " 
at  once  tells  those  acquainted  with  the 
technical  words  that  Werdna  Retnyw  is 
the  author's  name,  Andrew  Wynter,  written 
backwards. 

The  kind  of  pseudonym  is  expressed 
by  one  word  instead  of  several.  Thus  with 
hundreds  of  names  much  repetition  is 
obviated. 

Although  nine  of  these  technical  words 
are  included  in  '  The  Oxford  English  Dic- 
tionary '  (so  far  as  published),  Littre's 
'  Dictionnaire  de  la  Langue  fran9aise  ' 
recognizes  only  three. 

In  a  book  in  imitation  of  Querard'  s 
'  Supercheries,'  modestly  described  as  '  'Essai 
d'un  Dictionnaire  des  Ouvrages  anonymes 
et  pseudonymes  publics  en  Belgique,  par  un 
membre  de  la  Societe  des  Bibliophiles 
beiges,"  Bruxelles,  1863,  the  author,  Jules 
De  Le  Court,  says  :  — 

"  Je  me  suis  abstenu  de  ces  distinctions  si  nom- 
breuses  et  parfois  si  subtiles  de  Querard,  telles  que 
pseudonyme,  pplyonyme,  andronyme  ......  qui  a  mon 

avis  sont  parfaitement  inu  tiles." 

Jules  De  Le  Court  was  born  in  1835, 
so  that  he  was  only  twenty-eight  when 
he  began  publishing  his  '  Essai,'  which  is 
a  pseudonymous  book,  with  the  author's 
real  name  !  The  only  indication  to  its 
author  is  the  initialism  J.  D.  to  the  preface, 
but  on  the  back  of  the  half-title  the  author 
has  signed  "  Jules  De  Le  Court  "  to  each 
of  the  hundred  copies.  At  the  end  is  a 
page  (548)  not  printed  until  1866  ;  on  this 
his  name  is  in  print.  His  name  is  second 
as  one  of  the  editors  of  Koninck's  '  Biblio- 
graphie  nationale  (Beige),'  and  in  the 
third  volume  (1897)  he  is  described  as 

president  de  chambre  a  la  Cour  d'appel 
de  Bruxelles." 

I  mentioned  the  *  Essai  '  in  my  c  Hand- 

ok   of   Fictitious   Names,'   p.   xi.     I   did 


:hen,  and  do  still,  consider  that  these 
technical  terms  are  sometimes  useful  in 
separating  the  pseudonym  from  the  real 
name,  and  in  several  other  cases. 

But  Querard  began  a  second  edition  of 

he  *  Supercheries,'  and  on  the  title  he  says 

t  will   include   authors  who   have   hidden 

hemselves     under    anagrams,    asteronyms, 

jryptonyms,    &c.,    though    in    this    second 

edition  he  does  not  use  either  of  these  terms, 

nor  any  of  the  others  except  pseudonym 

and     "  nom    de    religion."     Unfortunately 

-his  second  edition  is  only  a  fragment  inter- 

upted  by  Querard's  death. 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  A™  i,  isos 


Observing  that  these  technical  words 
used  by  Querard  had  never  been  collected, 
a  learned  Belgian  doctor  of  medicine  and 
writer,  Claude  Charles  Pierquin  de  Gem- 
bloux  (1798-187-  ?),  made  a  list  of  them, 
which  Querard  published  in  his  magazine 
Le  Querard  (p.  154)  in  1855. 

Pierquin  says  he  compiled  his  list  from 
the  '  Supercheries,'  and  he  quotes  Comte 
Daru,  who  said,  "  Si  vous  n'inventez  rien, 
creez  des  mots  nouveaux."  This  he  says 
Querard  did  in  creating  these  technical 
words  ;  but  besides  this  Pierquin  credits 
him  with  introducing  the  English  word 
"  retrospective "  to  the  French  in  1832 
(see  10  S.  viii.  206). 

When  I  published  *  A  Notice  of  the  Life 
of  J.  M.  Querard '  in  1867,  I  printed  a 
translation  or  adaptation  of  Pierquin' s 
list,  with  additions.  Probably  no  notice 
would  have  been  taken  of  my  list  had  I 
not  been  seized  with  the  idea  of  writing 
an  English  book  on  pseudonyms.  This 
work  appeared  in  1868,  and  was  the  first 
of  its  kind  in  the  English  language  ;  it 
is  the  one  already  mentioned,  the  *  Hand- 
book of  Fictitious  Names.'  In  it  I  made 
use  of  many  of  these  terms  to  designate 
the  kind  of  pseudonym.  Thus  after  "  A 
bird  at  Bromsgrove "  I  put  "  ironym "  ; 
after  "  One  who  is  but  an  attorney  "  I  put 
"  enigmatic  phraseonym,"  and  so  on. 

Pierquin  dwells  on  the  need  for  technical 
words  in  justification  of  Querard' s  use  of 
them.  Querard  had  very  few  technical 
terms  at  first ;  it  is  not  until  the  fourth 
volume  that  we  find  those  nice  distinctions 
on  which  De  Le  Court  remarks. 

Lately  Mr.  W.  P.  Courtney,  the  author 
of  '  A  Register  of  National  Bibliography,' 
informed  me  he  proposed  to  reprint  my  list 
in  a  work  he  was  writing  about  English 
anonymous  and  pseudonymous  literature*  ; 
and  he  asked  me  if  I  could  supply  English 
examples  where  lacking  in  my  list.  I  set 
to  work,  but  soon  found  that  the  list  of 
terms  required  re-editing — that  it  would 
be  archaic  and  an  anachronism  simply 
to  reprint  it  as  it  is,-  with  errors  committed 
by  Querard,  by  Pierquin,  and  myself, 
and  (worse  still)  without  correcting  those 
who  reprinted  my  list.  Forty  years  had 
made  a  great  difference.  The  result  is 
that  I  have  recompiled  the  present  list 
from  the  various  books  I  cite. 


*  The  present  article  was  written  about  a  year 
ago.  Mr.  Courtney  has  since  informed  me  that  his 
book  is  in  the  press,  and  will  be  published  at  the 
end  of  the  year  (1908). 


One  of  Querard' s  mistakes — if  indeed' 
it  was  a  mistake — was  giving  the  word 
"  polyonym "  as  "  pplynym,"  until  he 
came  to  '  Societe  litteraire  de  jolies  femmes.*" 
When  next  he  uses  the  word  it  is  as  "  polyo- 
nym," for  '  Vrais  Catholiques  fran£ais.' 
Querard' s  mistake  is  remarkable  because- 
in  1846  he  published  a  '  Dictionnaire  des 
Ouvrages  polyonymes  et  anonymes.' 

However,  Pierquin  has  "  polynym,"  and 
thus  I  was  misled  and  those  who  copied 
me.  If  I  had  known  Greek,  I  should  have- 
no  doubt  corrected  it ;  and  if  Pierquin 
had  known  English,  he  would  not  have 
translated  "  A.  Known  "  as  "  un  inconnu." 

My  list  was  first  reprinted  by  John  Power 
[b.  1820 — d.  1872)  in  his  '  Handybook  about 
Books '  in  1870.  For  years  before,  and 
while  that  book  was  going  through  the- 
press,  Power  was  ill,  and  quite  unfit  to  do- 
the  work  he  had  undertaken.  He  told  me- 
hie  had  sent  me  proofs,  but  they  never- 
reached  me.  Luckily,  he  acknowledged 
the  source  of  the  words  ;  if  he  had  not,, 
the  subsequent  copyists  would  all  have- 
adopted  the  list  as  their  original,  and  I 
should  have  been  ignored,  as  the  information 
in  my  '  Handbook  '  always  has  been  :  in 
a  great  measure  due  to  a  periodical  stealing 
my  information  and  printing  it  without 
acknowledgment . 

In  1882  a  book  called  '  Authorship  and! 
Publication  [with]  bibliographical  appen- 
dix '  was  published  by  Wyman  &  Sons,, 
the  well-known  printers.  The  first  portion 
of  the  appendix,  treating  of  '  Anonymous; 
Books  and  how  to  describe  them,'  says  : — 

"  The  following  vocabulary,  compiled  from  various- 
more  or  less  accessible  sources,  may  be  useful  to 
authors  who  wish  to  define  correctly  any  degree- 
of  anonymity  [read  pseudonymity]  in  authorship. 
It  is  also  of  practical  utility,  in  suggesting  the 
multii'arious  devices  by  which  the  personality  of  an 
author  may  be  concealed  or  disguised." 
The  "  various  sources "  consist  of  one,, 
namely,  the  list  in  my  Querard,.  from  which 
it  is  copied.  Messrs.  Wyman,  the  publishers, 
and  printers  of  the  book,  were  no  doubt 
unaware  of  this  piece  of  plagiarism. 

Next  it  was  a  pleasure  to  find  that  several1 
of  the  words  were  included  in  one  of  the 
most  authentic  and  satisfactorily  executed 
works  ever  published,  *  The  Oxford  English 
Dictionary,'  edited  in  chief  by  Dr.  Sir 
J.  A.  H.  Murray,  1885  (still  in  progress). 

Being  unable  to  invent  anything,  I  have 
unwittingly  followed  Comte  Daru's  advice.. 
I  have  suggested  the  word  "anonyma"r: 
first  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  on  2  May,  1896  (8  S.  ix.. 
342).  Two  of  the  words  introduced  to« 
the  English  language  through  my  list — 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"  anonym  "  and  "  antonym  " — have  been 
found  useful.  It  remains  to  be  seen  if 
"  anonyma  "  will  be,  too. 

Lastly,  in  1891  some  of  the  terms  are 
inserted  in  the  glossary  (see  p.  183)  to  the 
second  edition  of  Mr.  W.  T.  Rogers' s  in- 
teresting book  *  A  Manual  of  Bibliography,' 
with  the  initials  R.  T.  appended. 

But  several  terms  were  used  by  Querard 
besides  those  I  give,  as  "  auteur  suppose," 
"  editeur  apocryphe,"  &c. 

In  the  '  Handbook '  I  do  the  same,  as  I 
use  "  disguised  author,"  "  fictitious  name," 
"  German  pseudonym,"  "  impostor,"  "  lite- 
rary name,"  "  name  of  religious  order," 
as  Ignatius  (see  the  '  Handbook,'  pp.  60 
and  61). 

Considering  the  trouble  he  was  always 
in,  we  need  not  be  surprised  that  Querard 
does  not  use  his  technical  words  with  strictly 
the  same  meaning.  Thus  in  the  following 
entry,  "  L.P.G.F.D.L.C.D.J.,  auteur  deguise 
[le  pere  Georges  Fournier,  de  la  compagnie 
de  Jesus],"  vol.  iii.,  1850,  p.  156,  "  disguised 
author "  is  correct,  but  I  should  call  it 
simply  an  initialism. 

It  may  have  been  observed  that  I  have 
never  used  the  words  nom  de  plume.  I  have 
always  considered  them  bad,  as  being 
neither  French  nor  English,  but  a  mongrel 
English  coinage  by  a  person  ignorant  of 
French.  Nor  have  I  ever  used  nom  de 
guerre  as  equivalent  to  pseudonym  (see  10  S. 
viii.  248,  556).  I  do  not  object  to  "pen 
name,"  though  I  have  never  used  those 
words. 

The  French  examples  included  in  the  list 
to  follow  are  all  taken  from  '  Les  Supercheries 
litteraires  devoilees.'  The  English  examples 
are  from  the  *  Handbook  of  Fictitious 
Names.'  The  others  I  have  collected  in 
the  course  of  the  years  I  have  had  the  subject 
in  mind. 

For  some  of  the  technical  words  it  will 
be  observed  I  have  found  no  French  exam- 
ples, and  for  others,  no  English. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

(To  be  continued.) 


GENERAL  WADE  AND  HIS  ROADS. 

(See   3  S.   ii.    192 ;    5  S.  iii.   369 ;    iv.   55  ; 
9  S.  i.  129,  209,  253,  334,  376  ;    ii.  13.) 

CAN  the  delicious  couplet 

If  you  'd  seen  these  roads  before  they  were  made, 
You'd  lift  up  your  hands  and  bless  General  Wade, 

be  traced  in  print  further  back  than  James 
Pettit  Andrews's  '  Anecdotes  '  of  1789  ? 


Much  confusion  exists  as  to  the  Highland 
roads  made  by  Wade,  even  the  Ordnance 
maps  not  being  free  from  inaccuracy.  Thus 
I  find  lettered  "  General  Wade's  Military 
Road "  the  road  from  Dulsie  Bridge  to 
Fort  George  (one-inch  map  No.  84),  the- 
road  from  Fort  Augustus  to  Bernera  (Nos.  72, 
73),  and  the  road  south  from  Fort  William 
via  the  Devil's  Staircase  (No.  53)  ;  while 
as  a  matter  of  fact  all  these  roads  were  con- 
structed after  Wade's  death  in  1748. 

The  Highland  roads  made  prior  to  the 
Act  of  1862,  which  transferred  the  super- 
intendence of  roads  and  bridges  to  the 
Commissioners  of  Supply,  fall  into  three- 
groups  : — 

A.  General   Wade's   Roads,    also   styled 
the     "  Old    Military    Roads,"     constructed 
between  1725  and  1733  :    about  250  miles 
in  all. 

B.  The    "  New    Military    Roads,"    con- 
structed  between   1744   and    1770 :     about 
800  miles  in  all. 

C.  The    "  Parliamentary    Roads,"    con- 
structed by  the   Commissioners  under  the 
Highland  Roads  and  Bridges  Act  of  1803  : 
about  930  miles. 

The    principal    roads    falling    under    the 
first  two  heads  are  as  follows  : — 
A. 

Crieff,  via  Amulree  and  Aberfeldy,  to  Dalnacar- 
doch. 

Dunkeld,  via  Blair,  to  Dalnacardoch. 

Dalnacardoch  to  Dalwhinnie. 

Dalwhinnie,  via  Corryarrick,  to  Fort  Augustus. 

Dalwhinnie,  via  Ruthven,  Moy,  and  Faillie,  to 
Inverness. 

Inverness,  via  Stratherrick  and  Fort  Augustus, 
to  Fort  William. 

B. 

Dumbarton,  via  "Rest  and  be  thankful"  and 
Inverary,  to  Tyndrum. 

Stirling,  via  Tyndrum,  King's  House,  and  the 
Devil's  Staircase,  to  Fort  William. 

Blairgowrie,  via  the  Spital  of  Glenshee,  Braemar,, 
Corgarn,  and  Dulsie  Bridge,  to  Fort  George. 

Fettercairn,  via  Cairn  a  Mount,  through  Strath- 
bogie,  to  Fochabers. 

Fort  Augustus,  via  Aonach  and  Ratagan,  to- 
Bernera. 

Contin  to  Poolewe. 

Portions  of  these  early  roads  now  definitely 
abandoned  to  the  heather  are  : — 

The  Pass  of  Corryarrick  (traversed  by  Prince 
Charlie,  28  Aug.,  1745). 

The  Devil's  Staircase. 

Moy  to  Faillie  (traversed  by  Prince  Charlie, 
18  Feb.,  1746). 

Fort  Augustus  to  Aonach  (traversed  by  Dr.  John- 
son, 31  Aug.,  1773). 

The  authoritative  source  of  information 
on  the  subject  of  Highland  roads  is  the- 
forty-nine  Reports  (1804-43)  of  the  Com- 


84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         no  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  MOB. 


missioners  under  the  Act  of  1803.  An 
Appendix  to  the  Sixth  Report  (1814)  sup 
plies  a  '  Statement  of  the  Origin,  Extent 
and  Repair  of  Roads  in  the  Highlands 
including  the  Military  Roads.' 

P.  J.  ANDEBSON. 
University  Library,  Aberdeen. 


•ENGLANDS    PARNASSUS,'    1600. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  341,  401  ;   x.  4.) 

I  HAVE  said  that  c  Englands  Parnassus, 
so  far  as  authors'  names  are  concerned,  i 
self-contained ;  and  that  outside  these 
authors  one  will  search  in  vain  for  any  o 
Allot' s  quotations.  This  statement,  how 
ever,  needs  an  explanation,  which,  at  firs 
sight,  seems  like  a  contradiction,  but  ii 
really  not  so.  When  Allot  read  a  boot 
which  contained  contributions  from  severa 
authors,  he  did  not  always  stop  to  ascertain 
exactly  whom  he  was  quoting,  but  very 
often  assigned  his  extracts  to  the  author  ir 
the  book  whose  name  was  most  familiar  to 
him.  This  habit  of  Allot's  is  responsible 
for  a  great  number  of  errors  of  assignment 
that  are  to  be  met  with  in  '  Englands 
Parnassus  '  ;  and  the  editor  was  so  careless 
that  one  finds  him  sometimes  giving  quota- 
tions from  the  same  poem  to  more  than  one 
author.  Cases  such  as  these  are  to  be 
found  in  works  like  '  Tottel's  Miscellany, 

*  The    Mirror     for     Magistrates,'     and     the 
collection   of    elegies,    entitled    '  Astrophel,' 
on   the  death   of   Sir   Philip   Sidney.     The 
quotations  from   the   elegies,    except   those 
from    Matthew    Roydon's    poem,    are    set 
down  by  Allot  as  being  written  by  Spenser, 
although  one  elegy  is  the  work  of  Sidney's 
own  sister.     When  passages  are  cited  from 

*  The  Mirror   for  Magistrates,'   Allot   either 
gives   no   authors'    names,   but   simply   the 
title  of  the  work,  or  else  he  fathers  them  on 
Lord  Sackville  and  John  Higgins,  mention- 
ing  Dolman   only   once,    and    crossing   the 
names  of  Higgins  and  Sackville.      And  as 
regards    '  Tottel's    Miscellany '    the    utmost 
confusion  prevails,  Allot  sometimes  agreeing 
to   stand  by  Tottel,   and  sometimes   being 
against     him,     although     he     never     once 
mentions    Tottel.      His   sole    authority   for 
names  in  these  cases  was  Tottel's  book,  as 
is  proved  by  the  passages  themselves,  which 
always  follow  the  '  Miscellany,'  and  there- 
fore differ  from  other  versions  of  the  same 
poems    to    be    found    in    other    collections. 
Hence  errors  of  this  kind  do  not  affect  the 
statement  I  have  made  ;  they  only  indicate 
Allot's  carelessness,  and  warn  us  to  expect 


to  find  other  men's  work,  whose  names 
are  absent  from  '  Englands  Parnassus,' 
given  to  writers,  in  the  same  collections  of 
poems,  whom  Allot  has  favoured  with 
mention. 

Allot  quotes  two  passages  from  Lodowick 
Brysket's  elegy  on  Sidney,  both  of  which 
he  puts  above  the  signature  of  Spenser  : — 

*  Destinie,'  p.  72. 
No  humble  speech,  nor  mone,  may  move  the  fixed 

stint 

Of  Destinie  or  death  :  such  is  the  will  that  paints 
The  earth  with  colours  fresh,  the  darkish  skies 

with  store 
Of  starry  light. 

4  Of  Tempests,'  p.  421. 

On  Neptune  war  was  made  by  Aeolus  arid  his  traine, 
Who,  letting  loose  the  winds,  tost  and  tormented 

the  ayre, 

So  that,  on  every  coast,  men  shipwracke  did  abide, 
Or  els  were  swallowed  up  in  open  sea  with  waves ; 
And  such    as   came  to  shore,  were  beaten  with 

dispayre. 

Brysket's  poem  is  entitled  *  The  Mourning 
Muse  of  Thestylis '  ;  and  this  title,  as  well 
as  the  declaration  in  the  concluding  stanzas 
of  the  preceding  elegy,  should  have  been 
sufficient  to  warn  Allot  that  Spenser  was 
not  its  author.  The  same  remarks  apply  to 
The  Doleful  Lay  of  Clorinda,'  by  Sidney's 
sister,  from  which  two  lines  are  adduced 
under  '  Heaven.'  These  were  traced  to  the 
buntess  of  Pembroke  by  Collier,  and 
therefore  I  shall  leave  them  unquoted,  it 
Deing  my  purpose  to  deal  only  with  pas- 
sages which  have  not  previously  been  traced, 
or  about  which  remark  is  necessary. 

Matthew  Roydon  seems  to  have  been  a 
particular  friend  of  Allot  s,  who  corroborates 
}he  statement  of  Thomas  Nashe,  in  his 
Preface  to  Robert  Greene's  *  Menaphon,'  that 
.he  '  Friends  Passion  for  his  Astrophill ' 
;vas  written  by  Roydon.  Altogether  eleven 
passages  are  put  above  Roydon's  signature 
n  '  Englands  Parnassus,'  nine  of  these, 
raced  by  Collier,  being  from  the  elegy,  and 
he  other  two  being  found  by  me  in  the 
>de  which  Roydon  wrote  in  praise  of  Thomas 
»Vatson's  '  Ekatompathia  ': — 
'Labour,' p.  190. 

Industry,  well  cherisht  to  his  face, 

n  sun-shine  walkes,  in  spight  of  sower  disgrace. 

'Vertue,'p.  343. 
""hat  growes  apace,  that  Vertue  helps  t'  aspire. 

I  infer  that  Roydon  and  Allot  were 
riends,  not  only  because  Allot  was  ac- 
uainted  with  the  fact  that  Roydon  wrote 
elegy  on  Sidney,  but  also  because 
toy  don's  is  one  of  the  very  rare  cases  of  an 
uthor's  work  being  rightly  assigned  to  him 


10  s.  x.  A™,  i,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


throughout  '  Englands  Parnassus.'  If  Allot 
had  not  had  a  special  thought  for  Roydon, 
he  chances  are  that  he  would  have  given 
the  lines  from  the  ode  to  Watson,  as  he 
gave  "  Content's "  poem  to  the  Earl  of 
Oxford,  and  as  he  has  given  Brysket's 
poem  and  the  poem  of  the  Countess  of 
Pembroke  to  Edmund  Spenser. 

Tottel  did  not  know  how  to  assign  the 
greater  number  of  the  poems  in  his  '  Mis- 
cellany,' and  therefore  he  put  all  doubtful 
ones  under  the  heading  of  "  Uncertain 
Authors."  But  it  is  known  that  Church- 
yard, Thomas  Lord  Vaux,  John  Heywood, 
Edward  Somerset,  and  Sir  Francis  Bryan 
were  amongst  the  contributors  to  the  col- 
lection, although  only  two  poems  have  been 
traced  to  Lord  Vaux,  one  to  John  Heywood, 
and  another,  probably,  to  Edward  Somerset. 
The  question  now  arises,  How  does  Allot 
assist  us  in  determining  the  authorship  of 
unassigned  poems  in  Tottel  ?  What  are  his 
credentials  ?  We  shall  see. 

There  are  eighteen  passages  in  '  Englands 
Parnassus '  that  have  been  traced  to 
'  Tottel's  Miscellany,'  fifteen  of  these  being 
found  by  Collier  and  three  by  myself,  the 
latter  proving  to  be  of  such  interest  as  to 
demand  some  notice  later  on.  Of  these 
eighteen  passages,  Allot  assigns  ten  to  the 
Earl  of  Surrey,  five  to  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt, 
one  to  George  Chapman,  one  to  "  S.  T.  B.," 
and  one  to  "  T.  W."  In  addition  to  these, 
Allot  signs  Surrey's  name  to  a  quotation  of 
five  lines  which  Collier  found  in  Spencer's 
*  Faerie  Queene.'  On  examination,  it  is 
found  that  only  one  of  Surrey's  signatures 
is  rightly  placed,  and  two  of  Wyatt' s ; 
that  four  quotations  from  Wyatt,  one  from 
Grimald,  and  four  from  "Uncertain  Authors  " 
have  been  wrongly  credited  to  Surrey  ;  and 
that  we  must  go  to  Grimald  for  one  of  the 
supposed  Wyatt  entries,  and  to  "  Uncertain 
Authors  "  for  the  other  two. 

It  is  absolutely  certain  that  Allot  obtained 
his  quotations  from  '  Tottel's  Miscellany,' 
and  from  the  second  edition  of  the  work, 
which  was  published  31  July,  1557  ;  why, 
then,  does  he  toss  Tottel's  signatures  about 
in  this  manner  ?  Am  I  rash  when  I  say 
that  here,  as  elsewhere,  he  did  not  trouble 
to  consult  the  editor  of  the  book  he  was 
reading,  but  dashed  names  down  that  came 
most  readily  to  his  memory,  caring  only  to 
remember  that  such  names  were  signed 
to  poems  in  other  parts  of  the  volume  ? 
Did  Allot  have  better  means  of  knowing 
the  authors  than  Tottel  had  ?  It  seems 
necessary  to  ask  these  questions,  because 
t  has  been  thought  that  Allot's  authority 


is  of  some  value  in  connexion  with  the  Tottel 
poems.  Well,  I  will  endeavour  to  show 
once  more  that  Allot  is  a  treacherous  guide, 
and  that  all  his  doubtful  signatures  should 
be  ignored  unless  corroborated  by  other 
and  more  certain  authority. 

CHARLES  CRAWFORD. 

(To  be  continued.) 


"  CARDINAL  "  OF  ST.  PAUL'S. — In  the 
course  of  his  address  at  the  memorial  service 
for  the  late  Rev.  W.  H.  Milman,  at  St.  Augus- 
tine's, Old  Change,  the  Archdeacon  of 
London  made,  says  The  Guardian  of  1  July, 
"an  interesting  reference  to  the  office  of  Senior 
Cardinal  which  Mr.  Milman  held  as  a  member  of 
the  College  of  Minor  Canons.  The  Archdeacon 
said  :  *  The  office  of  Cardinal,  which  he  and  one 
other  Minor  Canon  held  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral, 
was  unique  in  this  country.  In  an  ancient  docu- 
ment we  read  that  **  the  Church  of  St.  Paul  had 
before  the  time  of  the  Conqueror  two  Cardinals, 
which  office  still  continues.  They  are  chosen  by 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  out  of  the  number  of  the 
twelve  petty  Canons,  and  are  called  Cardinales 
Chori  (the  hinges  of  the  choir).  Not  any  Cathedral 
Church  in  England  hath  Cardinals  beside  this,  nor 
are  any  beyond  seas  found  to  be  dignified  with  this 
title,  saving  the  Churches  of  Rome,  Ravenna, 
Aquileia,  Milan,  Pisa,  and  Benevent  in  Italy,  and 
Compostella  in  Spain."  The  name  has  sometimes 
been  thought  to  refer  to  the  four  corners  of  the 
altar,  but  as  in  St.  Paul's  they  have  reference  to  the 
choir,  the  probable  meaning  is  the  former.  Their 
ducy  was  to  catechise  the  choristers,  to  note  those 
absent  from  the  choir  (a  duty  now  performed  by 
the  Dean's  verger),  while  to  the  Junior  Cardinal 
fell  the  office  of  visiting  the  sick  in  the  College  of 
Minor  Canons  and  administering  to  them  the 
Sacraments.  The  name  of  Cardinal  cannot  be  found 
in  any  writer  earlier  than  Gregory  the  Great,  who 
died  in  604.  With  the  growth  of  the  supremacy  of 
the  Roman  Church  there  came  a  tendency  to  con- 
fine the  office  to  the  chiefs  of  the  Papal  Court,  and 
in  other  Sees,  as  at  St.  Paul's,  it  gradually  dropped 
into  desuetude.'" 
It  may  be  well  to  store  this  in  *  N.  &  Q.' 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

GREENE'S  *  MENAPHON.' — In  Fleay's  'Bio- 
graphical Chronology  of  the  English  Drama ' 
(London,  1891)  it  is  stated  in  the  article 
on  Greene : — 

"My  hypothesis  as  to  the  identification  of 

Melicert  with  Lyly,  Menaphon with  Marlow, 

and  Pleusidippus  with  Greene  is  too  conjectural  to 
claim  further  notice  here ;  but  I  think  that  Moron, 
lately  deceased,  is  surely  Tarleton  "  ; 

while  in  the  account  of  Kyd  it  is  said": 
"  Menaphon  is  Marlow,  and  Melicert  most 
likely  Greene  himself."  «  ^ 

Pleusidippus  can  hardly  have  been  in  - 
tended  for  Greene,  though  from  his  youth 
that  character  might  perhaps  stand  for 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  8.  x.  AUG.  i,  im 


Shakespeare,  who  entered  the  dramatic 
field  after  Marlowe  and  Greene  ;  but  the 
•common  view  among  critics  is,  I  believe, 
that  Doron  represents  Shakespeare.  Fleay, 
on  the  contrary,  holds  that  Doron  is  un- 
questionably Kyd.  Perhaps  some  reader 
•of  *  N.  &  Q.'  who  is  personally  acquainted 
ivith  Mr.  Fleay  will  be  so  good  as  to  point 
out  to  that  gentleman  the  above  discrepancy. 

N.  W.  HILL. 
New  York. 

THE  OLD  OMNIBUSES. — In  the  early 
forties,  before  the  beneficent  appearance 
of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  the  London  omnibuses  were 
constructed  with  thirteen  inside  seats  and 
on  the  "  knifeboard "  two  on  each  side 
of  the  driver,  accommodating  seventeen 
passengers  in  all.  The  thirteenth  inside 
seat  was  at  the  end,  facing  the  door.  This 
will  explain  an  expression  in  the  following 
lines  from  Punch  of  that  period  : — 

The  empty  omnibuses  crawl 

As  slowly  as  they  can, 
In  hope  the  sixpence  to  enthral 

Of  some  belated  man. 
.But  when  they're  full,  "thirteen  and  four," 

They  cut  along  like  fun, 
Because  they  won't  get  any  more 

Until  their  work  is  done. 
Then  choose  the  fullest  in  the  rank  ; 

Wedge  in  as  best  you  may ; 
Arid  you — perhaps — may  reach  the  Bank 

Before  the  close  of  day. 

RICHABD  H.  THORNTON. 

WYCH  STREET. — What  must  be  considered 
the  last  interesting  fragment  of  this  familiar 
street  was  removed  from  the  island  site 
in  the  Strand  during  last  month.  For  some 
years — in  fact,  since  the  new  thoroughfares 
were  completed — there  could  be  seen  pro- 
truding above  the  mounds  of  rubbish  near 
St.  Clement  Danes  the  remains  of  the  timber  - 
and-brick  gabled  houses,  one  of  which  was 
by  suggestion  associated  with  Jack  Shep- 
pard.  They  were  so  constantly  photo- 
graphed and  depicted  that  they  became 
to  the  world  at  large  familiar  as  typical 
specimens  of  Old  London.  Their  date  it 
would  be  difficult  to  ascertain,  but  probably 
they  came  into  existence  much  about  the 
same  time  as  their  neighbours  in  Butchers' 
Row.  It  will  be  recalled  that  Beaumont 
House,  where  the  Due  de  Sully  (then 
Marquis  de  Rosny)  lodged,  bore  the  date 
1581  ;  therefore  1580-1600  may  be  accepted 
as  a  sufficiently  close  attribution  of  date 
for  these  houses.  The  windows  had  been 
remodelled  early  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  the  shop-fronts  were  modern  and  un- 
interesting. ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


RECOVERY  FROM  HANGING. — The  London 
Magazine,  under  date  of  3  Sept.,  1736,  says  : 

"It  is  remarkable,  that  Vernham  and  Harding, 
two  Malefactors,  being  executed  this  Day  at  Bristol, 
after  they  were  cut  down,  Vernham  was  perceiv'd 
to  have  Life  in  him  when  put  in  the  Coffin ;  and 
some  Lightermen  and  others  having  carried  him  to 
a  House,  a  Surgeon,  whom  they  sent  for,  immediately 
opened  a  Vein,  which  so  recover'd  his  Senses,  that 
he  had  the  Use  of  Speech,  sat  upright,  rubbed  his 
Knees,  shook  Hands  with  divers  Persons  he  knew, 
and  in  all  Appearance  a  perfect  Recovery  was 
expected.  But  notwithstanding  this,  he  died  about 
11  o'Clock  in  great  Agony,  his  Bowels  being  very  much 
convulsed,  as  appear'd  by  his  rolling  from  one  Side 
to  the  other.  It  is  remarkable  also,  that  Harding 
came  to  Life  again,  and  was  carried  to  Bridewell, 
and  the  next  Day  to  Newgate  ;  where  Abundance 
of  People  visit  him  and  give  him  Money,  who  are 
very  inquisitive  whether  he  remembers  the  Manner 
of  his  Execution  :  to  which  he  says,  he  only  can 
remember  his  being  at  the  Gallows,  and  knows 
nothing  of  Vernham's  being  with  him." 
This  is  a  remarkable  instance  of  recovery. 
WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 

"  SCARAMOUCH." — It  may,  perhaps,  be 
serviceable  to  the  editors  of  the  '  H.E.D.,' 
and  also  welcome  to  the  forthcoming 
new  edition  of  Brachet's  '  French  Etymo- 
logical Dictionary '  (which  Dr.  Oolsner  is 
preparing  for  the  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon 
Press)  concerning  the  corresponding  French 
term  "  Scaramouche,"  to  record  its  anti- 
quity. As  Prof.  Skeat  has  clearly  shown 
in  his  standard  '  Etymological  English  Dic- 
tionary,' Scaramouch,  as  a  borrowed  word, 
is  derived  from  the  proper  name  of  a  famous 
Italian  buffoon  Scaramuccio,  who  died  in  1694. 
But,  strange  to  say,  the  very  same  noun  can  be 
traced  and  recognized,  as  an  Indo-European 
cognate,  already  in  Old  Slavonic.  For  we 
find  in  the  Old  Russian  '  Nestor  Chronicle,' 
A.D.  1068  (ed.  Fr.  Miklosich,  Vindobona, 
1860,  ch.  Ixiii.  p.  105,  1.  38),  Skomrach 
(=Skomor6ch  or,  by  metathesis,  =  Skoro- 
m6ch)  used  to  denote  a  buffoon  or  mounte- 
bank, a  scaramouch.  H.  KREBS. 
Oxford. 

MARATHON  RUNNERS. — The  recent  so- 
called  Olympic  races  have  led  some  to  look 
up  ancient  Greek  history  again,  but  appa- 
rently not  with  much  care.  The  story  about 
the  soldier  running  with  the  news  of  the 
victory  at  Marathon  to  Athens,  and  expiring 
when  he  had  announced  it,  is  not  mentioned 
by  Herodotus,  and  is  probably  apocryphal. 
It  is  taken  from  Plutarch's  treatise  '  De 
Gloria  Atheniensium,'  and  is  given  on  the 
authority  of  Heracleides  of  Pontus.  But 
the  name  of  the  runner  is  said  to  have  been 
Thersippus. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  1908. j        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


The  name  of  the  fleet  courier  who  was 
sent  before  the  battle  to  ask  the  assistance 
•of  the  Spartans  is  sometimes  given  as 
Pheidippides,  but  the  more  probable  read- 
ing is  Pheilippides,  also  the  name  of  an 
Athenian  comic  poet  in  later  times. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 
Blackheath. 


(fimrus. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

JOHNSONIANS,  A  RELIGIOUS  SECT. — Napo- 
leon at  St.  Helena 

•"wished  to  have  his  curiosity  gratified  respecting  a 
religious  community  in  Scotland  called  Johnsonians, 
who,  he  understood,  were  a  very  active  sect  in  that 
part  of  Britain." 

•Can  any  one  tell  me  anything  about  this 
sect  ?  The  word  "  Johnsonian  "  is  applied 
in  the  '  New  English  '  and  the  '  Century  ' 
dictionaries  only  in  association  with  Dr. 
Johnson.  CLEMENT  SHORTER. 

[MR.  W.  E.  A.  AXON  gave  at  9  S.  iii.  284  a  long 
extract  from  a  hook  published  in  1811  describing 
this  sect.] 

MALONE  FAMILY. — I  want  information 
concerning  Richard  Malone,  who  was  born 
in  or  about  1777,  and  died  in  1836.  As 
far  as  I  can  find  out,  he  was  a  well-educated 
man,  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and 
served  in  the  Army  either  in  the  Peninsula 
or  at  Waterloo. 

I  want  to  know  particularly  where  he  was 
born,  or  if  he  was  in  any  way  related  to 
Richard  Malone,  Lord  Sunderlin,  who  be- 
longed to  Baronston,  co.  Westmeath  (born 
1738,  died  1816),  brother  of  Edmund 
Malone,  the  author.  What  makes  it  seem 
likely  that  he  was  related  to  them  is  the 
Christian  name  Richard.  The  present  pos- 
sessor of  Lord  Sunderlin' s  estates  is  Mr. 
John  Richard  Malone,  a  descendant  of  an 
elder  brother  of  an  uncle  of  Lord  Sunderlin' s. 
Was  the  next  of  kin  of  Lord  Sunderlin 
advertised  for  ?  S.  W.  M. 

ROSES  AS  BADGES  :  WHERE  BORNE. — 
As  Master  of  Design  for  the  late  Gloucester- 
shire Historical  Pageant,  I  was  not  quite 
satisfied  with  the  popular  idea  that  real 
roses  were  worn  on  the  helmets  of  the 
Yorkists  and  Lancastrians  as  badges  of 
their  party  on  the  field  of  battle.  The  im- 
probability of  their  being  able  to  obtain 


these  flowers  at  all  seasons  must  be  against 
such  a  theory.  However,  in  deference  to 
the  opinion  of  others,  I  allowed  them  to 
be  used.  Perhaps  jbhe  subject  may  be 
worthy  of  discussion,  and  some  of  your 
readers  may  be  able  to  give  valuable  in- 
formation. My  own  idea  is  that  the  rose, 
whether  red  or  white,  was  worn  as  a  badge 
upon  a  collar,  not  on  the  surcoat,  pennon, 
or  helmet.  The  monumental  effigies  of 
Yorkist  and  Lancastrian  knights  have  no 
such  badge  on  pennon  or  surcoat.  The 
private  arms  of  the  knight  alone  appear 
upon  them.  There  are  several  examples 
of  the  Yorkist  collar  of  suns  and  roses 
represented  as  worn  around  the  neck  by 
knights  and  noblemen.  The  sun  in  its 
splendour  combined  with  the  white  rose 
was  adopted  by  Edward  IV.  after  the  battle 
of  Mortimer's  Cross,  and  of  course  the  sun 
device  dates  back  to  Cressy.  The  Lancas- 
trian collar  with  the  double  SS  is  also 
sculptured  on  the  effigies  of  military  men 
of  the  latter  party. 

In  the  little  illumination  of  the  battle  of 
Tewkesbury  which  formed  the  vignette  of 
the  letter  sent  by  Edward  IV.  to  the  Duke 
of  Burgundy,  the  rose  appears  on  small 
banners,  but  no  roses  are  seen  on  helmets 
or  surcoats.  SYDNEY  HERBERT. 

Carlton  Lodge,  Cheltenham. 

SEIZE  QUARTIERS.  —  I  am  writing  an 
article  on  '  Seize  Quartiers  and  Ascending 
Pedigrees  '  for  a  series  in  course  of  publica- 
tion, and  should  be  very  glad  of  references 
to  English  pedigrees  of  this  class,  both  in 
printed  works  and  in  accessible  MSS.  I  know 
of  the  '  Seize  Quartiers  of  the  Kings  and 
Queens  of  England,'  and  the  '  4,096  Quar- 
tiers of  King  Edward  VII.'  in  The  Genealogist. 
Please  reply  direct.  PERCEVAL  LUCAS. 

188,  Marylebone  Road,  N.W. 

[Articles  on  seize  and  quarterings  will  be  found 
in  5  S.  ii.,  vii. ;  6  S.  vi.,  vii.,  viii.,  ix.] 

"  BUCCADO." — I  find  the  following  in  a 
writer  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century  : 

"He  wonder'd  at  our  strictness,  since  on  their 
Fasting-Days    they    were   allowed   a  Buccado   of 
Sweetmeats  and  a  Glass  of  Wine  before  Noon." 
What    is    a    "  buccado "  ?     I    cannot    find 
it  in  the  *  N.E.D.'  EMERITUS. 

REV.  WM.  VEITCH. — Dr.  M'Crie  in  his 
'  Memoirs  of  Veitch,'  &c.,  refers  in  a  note 
to  a  genealogical  tree  of  the  Veitch  family. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  where  this 
document  is  to  be  found  ?  I  understand 
that  Dr.  M'Crie' s  papers  were  dispersed 
after  his  death.  Veitch,  it  will  be  remem- 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  im 


bered,   was   a  prominent   Scotch  politician 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  was  involvec 
in  the  Rye  House  Plot  and  in  Monmouth' 
and  Argyll's  schemes.  J.  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwiok. 

CROWS    "  CRYING    AGAINST    THE    RAIN." 

Is  there  a  piece  of  folk-lore  to  the  effec 
that  crows  keep  off  the  rain,   or  at  leas 
endeavour  to  do  so,  by  their  cries  ?     Miss 
Silberrad  refers  to  this  belief  in  one  of  her 
books,  and  has  some  verses  about  it : — 

The  carrion  crow,  that  loathsome  beast 

That  cries  against  the  rain, 
Both  for  his  hue  and  for  the  rest 

The  devil  resembleth  plain. 
And  as  with  guns  we  kill  the  crow 

For  spoiling  our  relief, 
Our  ghostly  foe  let  us  o'erthrow 

With  gunshot  of  belief. 

Is   this  simply  a  misunderstanding  of  the 
word  "  against,"  or  was  there  such  a  belief  ? 
Shakespeare   in    '  As   You   Like   It '    says 
"  as  clamorous  as  a  parrot  against  rain.' 
What  is  the  meaning  here  of  "  against  "  ? 

P.  L.  GALES. 
Wan  borough,  Guildford. 

JOHN  HICKES,  M.P.  FOR  FOWEY  1701-8. — 
He  was  of  Trevethick,  Cornwall ;  matricu- 
lated at  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  7  May, 
1675,  aged  sixteen  ;  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  the  Middle  Temple,  1685,  as  "son 
of  Thomas  Hickes  of  St.  Eve,  Cornwall, 
gent."  I  shall  be  obliged  by  further 
information  respecting  him. 

W.  D.  PINK. 

TIGER  FOLK-LORE  AND  POPE. — In  turning 
over  the  leaves  of  a  remote  volume  of  The 
Zoologist  (First  Series,  vol.  vi.  p.  2123)  I 
encountered  the  following  interesting  folk- 
lore record  : — 

"The  Sumatrans  believe  that  the  tigers  are 
endowed  with  the  spirits  of  the  departed  dead. 
Indeed,  so  strong  is  this  belief  that  the  very  men- 
tion of  a  tiger  inspires  the  natives  Math  awe.  They 
say  that  in  some  remote  unvisited  parts  of  the 
island  there  is  a  beautiful  spot  where  the  king  of 
the  tigers  holds  his  court,  and  where  a  large  com- 
munity of  animals  exists,  their  dwellings  being 
thatched  with  women's  hair.  Thither  every  tiger 
on  the  island  is  said,  at  intervals,  to  repair,  in  order 
to  give  an  account  of  himself  and  his  proceedings." 

The  late  Mortimer  Collins  in  his  c  Pen 
Sketches  by  a  Vanished  Hand,'  edited  by 
Tom  Taylor  in  1879,  makes  the  following 
record  of  a  visit  to  Stanton  Harcourt : 

"There  is  a  wonderful  old  kitchen  connected 
with  the  ruined  manor  house,  with  enormously 
thick  walls,  and  openings  in  the  roof  for  the  smoke 
to  escape.  Pope  describes  the  country  people  as 
believing  that  'the  witches  kept  their  Sabbath 
there,  and  once  a  year  the  devil  treats  them  with 


infernal  venison,  a  toasted  tiger  stuffed  with  ten- 
penny  nails." — Vol.  i.  p.  88. 

In  asking  where  Pope  said  this  I  know  I 
am  showing  great  ignorance.  I  hope  the 
Editor  and  his  readers  will  forgive  me. 

ASTARTE. 

BAPTISTERY  FONT,  FLORENCE. — Ruskin, 
writing  to  Burne- Jones  in  1871,  said  : — 

"  Yesterday,  at  midday,  came  to  me — from  Flo- 
rence— two  of  the  corner  stones,  uprights,  of  the 
font  that  Dante  broke,  and  an  angel  between 
St.  Mark  and  Luke  from  the  middle  of  it.  The 
two  uprights  are  each  two  angels  kneeling  and 
blowing  of  trumpets.  He  could  have  broken  a 
trumpet  or  wing  merely  by  leaning  against  them." 
— 'Memoirs  of  Edward  JBurne- Jones,'  vol.  ii.  p.  22. 
How  was  it  that  Florence  allowed  these 
treasures  to  go  from  her,  and  where  are  they 
now  ?  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  MERRY  ENGLAND." — I  should  like  to 
repeat  the  question  asked  by  E.  E.  R.  in 
1856,  and  never  yet  answered  :  When  was 
the  expression  "  Merry  England "  first 
used  ?  It  has  been  pointed  out  to  me  in 
'  A  Lytell  Geste  of  Robyn  Hood  '  (Fytte  7, 
verse  8  ;  Fytte  8,  verse  20). 

Can  any  earlier  instance  of  the  phrase 
be  cited,  or  any  evidence  of  its  being  a 
common  expression  before  last  century  ? 

W.  M.  D. 

[Much  has  been  learnt  about  English  literature 
since  1856.  The  '  N.E.D.'  dates  the  '  Lytell  Geste ' 
c.  1510,  but  supplies  far  earlier  instances  of  "Merry 
England,"  viz.,  "  First  conqueror  of  meri  ingland 
from  the  'Cursor  Mundi'  (1300-1400),  and  "The 
crown  of  mery  England  "  from  '  The  Siege  of  Calais  * 
1436).  Spenser's  line  in  'The  Faerie  Queene," 
I.  x.  61, 

Saint  George  of  mery  England,  the  signe  of  victoree, 
shows  that  the  phrase  was  popular  long  before  the 
nineteenth  century.] 

THE  KING'S  OLD  BARGEHOTJSE. — Can  any 
one  kindly  tell  me  of  a  painting,  other  than 
;hose  to  be  found  at  the  British  Museum 
or  Guildhall,  and  earlier  than  1680  (the 
more  ancient  the  better),  of  (a)  "  The  King's 
Old  Bargehouse,"  on  the  Surrey -side,  and 
b)  a  royal  State  barge  ? 

An  article  of  mine  with  the  above  title; 
he  first  part  of  which  has  appeared  in  the 
Tuly  number  of  The  Home  Counties  Maga- 
ine,  is  to  be  continued  in  the  next  number 
>r  two,  and  I  should  be  very  glad  to  find  a 
more  satisfactory  illustration  for  it  than  the 
'race  Collection  of  prints  has  yielded. 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

"  TENTHS  "  AND  "  FIFTEENTHS." — What 
s  meant  by  "  two  tenths  and  two  fifteenths," 
an  expression  which  frequently  occurs  in 


io  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


vol.  iv.  of  '  The  Political  History  of  England,' 
by  Prof.  Oman  ?  For  instance,  on  p.  430 
is  :  "  The  Commons,  apparently  with  some 
enthusiasm,  voted  the  liberal  grant  of  two 
tenths  and  two  fifteenths."  MAY. 

[Tenths  and  fifteenths  were  taxes  of  those  amounts 
formerly  imposed  on  personal  property,  and  granted 
from  time  to  time  to  the  King  by  Parliament. 
Blackstone's  '  Commentaries '  defines  them  as  tem- 
porary aids.] 

JOHNSON'S  '  TROPICAL  CLIMATES.' — Will 
any  one  give  me  information  about  the 
author  of  a  work  referred  to  as  "  Johnson 
on  '  The  Influence  of  Tropical  Climates  on 
European  Constitutions  '  "  ?  I  cannot  find 
this  Johnson  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

CLEMENT  SHORTER. 

'  PLEASURE  DIGGING  HIS  OWN  GRAVE.' — 
I  shall  be  much  obliged  for  information 
as  to  the  engraving  referred  to  under  this 
name  in  Mrs.  Gaskell's  '  Moorland  Cottage,' 
and  said  to  be  by  a  German  artist.  Who 
was  he  ?  and  where  is  the  picture  to  be 
found  ?  AGNES  CUMMINS. 

1,  Melrose  Terrace,  Liscard,  Cheshire. 

SWIMMING  BATH  :  SWIMMING  STAYS. — 
Is  not  the  following  a  very  early  mention, 
if  not  the  earliest,  of  a  swimming  bath  ? — 

This  Day  is  open'd 
At  the  Bagnio  in  Lemon-Street,  Goodman's  Fields. 

The  Pleasure  or  Swimming  Bath,  which  is  more 
than  forty-three  Feet  in  length,  it  will  be  kept 
warm  and  fresh  every  Day,  and  is  Convenient  to 
swim  or  learn  to  swim  in.  There  are  Waiters 
attend  daily  to  teach  or  assist  Gentlemen  in  the 
said  Swimming  Bath  if  requir'd.  There  is  also  a 
good  Cold  Bath. 

Subscribers  may  have  the  Use  of  both  for  a 
Guinea. — Daily  Advertiser,  28  May,  1742. 

And  what  description  could  be  applied 
to  "  Swimming  Stays,"  as  in  this  advertise- 
ment ? — 

In  the  Great  Exchange  lately  built  in  Rosemary 
Lane,  near  the  Minories,  there  are  now  near  a 
hundred  Shops  open'd,  where  all  manner  of  Ap- 
parel, Table  and  Bed  Linnen,  new  and  second- 
hand, are  sold  cheaper  than  any  other  Place  in 
London  ;  also  ready  Money  given  for  all  manner  of 
cast-off  Cloaths. 

Note,  Swimming-Stays  are  made  by  the  above 
Exchange-Keeper  to  the  utmost  Perfection. — Ibid., 
18  May. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
Deene,  Streatham. 

JACOB  PHILADELPHIA.  —  Jacob  Phila- 
delphia was  born  and  baptized  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  was  probably  of  Hebrew 
parentage.  He  was  a  conjuror  and  ad- 
venturer. He  gave  performances  in  Eng- 


land about  1757,  and  lived  with  Henry 
Frederick,  Duke  of  Cumberland.  Are  there 
any  references  to  him  in  contemporary 
newspapers  or  books  ?* 

ISRAEL  SOLOMONS. 
91,  Portsdown  Eoad,  Maida  Vale. 

"  HOUSE  OF  WARANTYSE." — The  above, 
in  'The  Macro  Plays'  (E.E.T.S.),  35/216, 
represents,  from  the  context,  "  the  house  of 
Judas  "  in  Acts  ix.  11  of  the  A.V.  What  is 
the  meaning  of  the  expression,  and  whence 
was  its  idea  drawn  ?  I  fail  to  find  a  parallel 
in  other  Mystery  plays.  More  fully,  the 
words  are  : — 

In  a  certayn  house  of  warantyse. 

H.  P.  L. 

TOWNLEY  ESTATES. — Would  some  one 
kindly  give  me  information  concerning  these 
estates  ?  Is  there  not  some  tale  of  a  missing 
heir  ?  Could  you  tell  me  the  name  of  the 
latter  ?  B.  WILMOT. 

10,  St.  Lawrence  Road,  Ladbroke  Grove,  W. 

LORD  ROBERT  GORDON  or  THE  SCOTS 
GREYS.— In  1741  an  Army  List  (MS., 
Record  Office)  states  that  "Lord  Robert 
Gordon  "  got  a  commission  in  the  Scots 
Greys.  Who  was  he  ?  No  such  lord 
appears  in  any  Peerage. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

CHRYSTAL  MAGNA  :  MAYLOR  GRANGE. — 
Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  information 
as  to  the  whereabouts  of  two  residences, 
named  respectively  Chrystal  Magna  and 
Maylor  Grange  ?  Chrystal  Magna  is  be- 
lieved to  be  somewhere  in  the  vicinity 
of  Delamere  Forest ;  but  I  should  like  to 
know  if  this  is  correct. 

JAS.  ARROWSMITH. 

BUDGEE,  A  KIND  OF  APE. — A  writer  of 
the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  referring 
to  Madagascar,  describes  "  a  sort  of  Jack- 
anape  they  call  a  Budgee,  the  handsomest 
I  ever  saw."  I  cannot  find  the  word 
"  budgee "  in  any  account  of  the  island 
accessible  to  me.  What  is  the  origin  of  the 
word  ?  EMERITUS. 

"  CIRE  PERDUE  PROCESS." — Can  any  corre- 
spondent give  me  the  date  and  title  of  a 
paper  on  this  process  which  was  written 
by  Sir  John  Lumley,  Ambassador  to  Italy  ? 
He  afterwards  assumed  the  name  of  Savile, 
and  was  the  first  Baron  Savile.  I  think  it 
was  published  as  a  consular  report. 

J.  F.  R. 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  i, 


Hrplus. 


DICKENS  ON  "HALF-BAPTIZED." 
(10  S.  x.  29.) 

I  HAVE  met  with  this  expression  on 
several  occasions  in  family  Bibles.  The 
definition  of  "  half -baptize  "  in  the  'N.E.D.' 
is  :  "To  baptize  privately  or  without  full 
rites,  as  a  child  in  danger  of  death."  The 
earliest  quotation  given  is  :  "1836,  Dickens, 
*  Sk.  Boz,'  ii.,  '  He  got  out  of  bed to  half- 
baptize  a  washerwoman's  child  in  a  slop- 
basin.'  ' 

From  the  entries  in  the  family  Bible  of 
the  late  Admiral  Sir  John  Marshall,  of 
Elstree  in  Hertfordshire,  it  appears  that  all 
his  children  were  in  the  first  place  half- 
baptized.  I  give  one  instance  : — 

"  Frances  Orris  Marshall,  born  June  24, 1817,  was 
half-baptized  by  the  Rev.  Caleb  Lomax,  Vicar  of 
Aldenham,  County  of  Herts,  on  the  14th  day  of 
February,  1818,  which  is  registered  in  the  Church 
Books  of  the  said  Parish." 

From  a  subsequent  entry  in  the  Bible  it 
appears  that  Frances  Orris  Marshall  and 
one  of  her  sisters  were  christened  in  1820. 

I  remember  seeing  an  entry  in  another 
family  Bible,  but  unfortunately  I  have  no 
note  of  it,  where  a  child  was  described  as 
being  half-baptized  and  subsequently  re- 
ceived into  the  Church. 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that, 
although  the  earliest  quotation  in  the 
'N.E.D.'  is  1836,  the  expression  was  in 
vogue  before  that  date. 

HELLIEB  GOSSELIN-GBIMSHAWE. 

Errwood  Hall,  Buxton. 

In  J.  L.  Chester's  '  Westminster  Abbey 
Registers,'  p.  89,  is  the  entry  : — 

"  1778,  June  27,  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Anselm  and 
Rebecca  Bayly  :  born  June  23rd,  and  half-baptized 
June  27th.  Fully  baptized  April  29th,  1779." 

u.  v.  w. 

"  Half -baptized  "  was  one  of  Dickens' s 
many  stock  phrases.  It  occurs  not  only 
in  '  The  Old  Curiosity  Shop,'  chap,  xlvii., 
but  also  in  '  Sketches  by  Boz,'  chap,  ii., 
in  '  Pickwick,'  chap,  xiii.,  in  '  Oliver  Twist,' 
chap,  ii.,  and  in  '  Bleak  House,'  chap,  xi., 
where  the  "  half -baptizing  of  Alexander 
James  Piper "  was  "  on  accounts  of  not 
being  expected  to  live."  It  was  a  name 
for  the  private  baptism  of  children  who 
seemed  unlikely  to  survive  their  birth  many 
hours,  and  as  no  sponsors  were  then  required, 
the  single  gentleman  could  still  promise 
to  be  a  godfather.  The  Book  of  Common 


Prayer  anticipated  the  mistrust  betrayed 
by  the  term  "  half -baptized  "  in  declaring  : 

Let  them  not  doubt  but  that  the  child 
so  baptized  is  lawfully  and  sufficiently 
baptized,  and  ought  not  to  be  baptized 
again." 

In  some  places  "  christened  "  and  "  bap- 
tized "  are  wrongly  used  with  the  same 
distinction.  W.  C.  B. 

Meaning  privately  baptized,  this  expres- 
sion also  occurs  in  *  Oliver  Twist,'  chap,  ii., 
and,  with  a  different  connotation,  in  '  Pick- 
wick,' chap.  xiii.  See  Davies's  '  Supple- 
mentary English  Glossary,'  s.v.  For  the 
'  Pickwick  'instance,  compare  '  Half -Baked  ' 
and  '  Half-Saved  '  in  Halliwell's  Dictionary. 

H.  P.  L. 

I  was  a  little  chap  of  five  when  I  went 
through  the  rite  of  baptism,  being  told  that 
I  had  only  been  "  half-done  "  previously  ; 
that  is,  I  had  only  been  registered  in  the 
ordinary  way.  There  was  a  batch  of  us 


THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 


from  different  families. 

Worksop. 

[MB.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL  also  thanked  for 
reply.]  

THE  BONASSUS  (10  S.  ix.  365,  451).— A 
short  time  ago  I  read  in  an  English  news- 
paper of  a  curious  animal  on  show  in  London 
at  one  of  the  big  exhibitions  there.  I  cannot 
lay  my  hand  on  the  paper  now,  but,  if  my 
memory  serves,  its  name  was  a  compound 
of  a  word  I  now  forget  and  "  lupus."  Per- 
haps one  of  your  readers  can  give  the  full 
title,  with  other  particulars,  of  an  animal 
of  1908  as  fully  entitled  to  fame  as  the 
Bonassus.  W.  COBFIELD. 

Calcutta. 

WILKES'S  'ESSAY  ON  WOMAN'  (10  S.  ix. 
442,  492  ;  x.  33).— MB.  PICKFOBD'S  refer- 
ences are  not  quite  complete  :  they  should 
be  2  S.  iv.  1,  21,  41  ;  v.  77  (not  72).  The 
articles  were  written  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Dilke, 
and  were  reprinted  in  '  Papers  of  a  Critic,' 
ii.  264-79.  And  while  on  the  subject  of 
that  invaluable  book,  which  is  indispensable 
to  the  student  of  the  literature  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  may  I  mention  a  grave 
defect,  which  to  a  considerable  extent  mars 
its  usefulness  ?  It  possesses  an  index  only 
to  the  persons  named  in  Sir  Charles  Dilke' s 
memoir  of  his  grandfather.  Being  packed 
full  of  accurate,  if  recondite  information, 
it  is  a  work  that  peculiarly  needs  a  general 
index.  If  Sir  Charles  Dilke  would  consent 
to  the  work  being  done  by  subscription, 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  loos.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


I  feel  sure  it  could  be  easily  accomplished. 
Every  time  I  take  down  the  book  from  my 
shelves,  where  it  has  long  occupied  an 
honoured  place,  I  feel  the  want  of  this  time- 
saver.  A  few  shillings  from  every  possessor 
of  the  volumes  would  be  all  that  is  required. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

DEVILLE  (10  S.  ix.  450). — I  think  Deville 
was  not  only  a  delineator  of  character 
from  handwriting,  but  also  a  phrenologist. 
I  recollect  a  verse  in  an  old  recitation,  '  A 
Woman  of  Mind,'  which  referred  to  him  as 
under  : — 

My  wife  is  a  woman  of  mind, 

And  Deville,  who  examined  her  bumps, 
Vowed  that  never  were  found  in  a  woman 

Such  large  intellectual  lumps. 
Ideality  big  as  an  egg 

With  casuality  great  was  combined  ; 
He  charged  me  ten  shillings,  and  said, 

"  Sir,  your  wife  is  a  woman  of  mind." 

JAS.  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

"  WHIFF,"  A  BOAT  (10  S.  x.  29).— This  is 
described  in  '  The  Century  Dictionary  '  as 
follows  : — 

"  At  Oxford  and  other  places  on  the  Thames,  a 
light  kind  of  outrigger  boat.  It  is  timber-built 
throughout,  thus  differing  from  a  skiff,  which  is  a 
racing  boat,  usually  of  cedar,  and  covered  with 
canvas  for  some  distance  at  the  bow  and  stern."— 
*  Encyc.  Diet." 

"  '  The  whiff  is  a  vessel  which  recommends  itself 

to  few  save  the  ambitious  fisherman It  combines 

the  disadvantages  of  a  dingey  and  a  skiff,  with  the 
excellences  of  neither.' — 'Dickens's  Diet.  Oxford,' 
p.  19." 

F.  HOWARD  COLLINS. 

Torquay. 

At  Oxford  thirty  years  ago  a  clinker-built 
single-sculling  boat,  with  outriggers  and  un- 
covered ends,  was  known  as  a  "  whiff." 
The  name  was  introduced  to  distinguish 
these  boats  from  "  skiffs,"  or  racing  shells, 
and  was  supposed  to  be  a  portmanteau  com- 
bination of  "  wherry  "  and  "  skiff." 

CLASSICUS. 

[HARMATOPEGOS,  H.  P.  L.,  and  URLLAD  also 
thanked  for  replies.] 

ST.  ANDREW'S  CROSS  (10  S.  viii.  507; 
ix.  32,  114). — MARY  OVERY  inquires  as  to 
the  difference  between  the  St.  Andrew's 
cross  in  the  arms  of  the  See  of  Rochester, 
which  is  "  red  on  white,"  as  the  querist 
terms  it,  and  the  St.  Andrew's  cross  of 
Scotland,  which  is  "  white  on  blue,"  and 
asks,  Which  is  the  older  ? 

The  proper  heraldic  answer  to  the  first 
part  of  the  question  would,  of  course,  be 
that  the  St.  Andrew's  cross,  or  saltire,  in 


the  arms  of  the  See  of  Rochester,  is  of  a 
different  colour  or  "  tincture  " — as  is  also 
the  "  field  " — so  as  to  distinguish  it  from 
its  parent,  the  St.  Andrew's  cross  proper, 
or  banner  of  Scotland,  Azure,  a  saltire 
argent,  the  Cathedral  being  dedicated  to 
the  patron  saint  of  Scotland.  The  arms 
of  Rochester  do  but  represent  the  St. 
Andrew's  cross  in  shape,  i.e.,  a  saltire  ; 
but  your  correspondent  does  not  mention 
that  there  is  another  difference  in  the  arms 
of  the  See  of  Rochester  which  would  make 
the  necessary  distinction,  apart  from  the 
alteration  of  the  tinctures,  namely,  that 
on  the  centre  of  the  saltire  is  an  escallop 
shell  or.  From  this  your  correspondent 
will,  I  think,  easily  gather  which  is  the 
older.  But  let  me  give  some  heraldic 
authorities  (such  as  I  have  at  my  command 
here)  on  the  subject  that  may  help  your 
correspondent. 

Boutell  ('  Heraldry,  Historical  and  Popu- 
lar,' 1864  :  see  pp.  27,  126)  merely  describes 
what  this  "  cross  "  is,  but  gives  no  account 
of  its  origin,  and  contents  himself  with 
stating  in  his  chapter  (xxi.)  on  '  Official  and 
Corporate  Heraldry  '  (p.  359)  that  the  arms 
of  the  See  of  Rochester  are  Argent,  on  a 
saltire  gules  an  escallop  shell  or. 

The  late  Dr.  Woodward  gives  fuller  infor- 
mation in  his  *  Heraldry,  British  and  Foreign' 
(ed.  1896),  and  in  vol.  i.  p.  153  he  states, 
in  speaking  of  the  saltire  as  a  charge  or 
ordinary  : — 

"The  tradition  that ,  the  apostle  St.  Andrew 
suffered  martyrdom  upon  a  cross  of  that  shape  led 
to  the  prevalence  of  the  saltire  as  a  heraldic  charge 
in  countries  where  St.  Andrew  is  a  popular  saint, 
and  more  particularly  in  Scotland,  where  the 
adoption  of  St.  Andrew  as  the  national  patron  goes 
back  to  a  date  before  the  introduction  of  armorial 
bearings." 

And  in  vol.  ii.  p.  308  Dr.  Woodward  speaks 
of  it  as  "  the  banner  of  St.  Andrew  of 
Scotland." 

In  the  same  learned  writer's  '  Ecclesias- 
tical Heraldry'  (1894),  at  p.  227,  appears 
the  following  account  of  the  foundation 
of  the  See  of  St.  Andrews  : — 

"  The  see  of  St.  Andrews  is  said  to  have  originated 
with  the  introduction  of  Christianity  into  this 
country,  and  the  legend  relates  that  some  relics  of 
the  saint  were  brought  from  his  grave  at  Patrae  by 
a  Greek  monk.  The  ship  which  bore  them  being 
driven  ashore  near  the  site  of  the  present  city,  the 
Pictish  chief  of  the  district  founded  a  church  under 
the  invocation  of  the  Apostle,  and  St.  Andrew  thus 
became  the  patron  saint  of  the  Picts,  while  the 
saltire  cross,  which  was  the  instrument  of  his  mar- 
tyrdom, became  the  badge  of  the  realm." 

In  the  same  volume  (p.  186)  Dr.  Wood- 
ward gives  the  arms  of  the  See  of  Rochester, 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  i9oe. 


Argent,  on  a  saltire  gules  an  escallop  shel 
or,  and  shows  a  well-drawn  illustration  o] 
it  in  its  proper  heraldic  tinctures  (plate  xxiv. 
fig.  3).  He  says  : — 

"The  cross  of  St.  Andrew  in  these  arms  alludes 
to  the  dedication  of  the  Cathedral  to  that  saint. 
The  escallop  may  possibly  refer  to  the  oyster 
fisheries  of  the  diocese.  (The  early  seals  of  the 
Priory  bear  the  effigy  of  St.  Andrew  on  the  cross. 
Vid.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.,  Nos.  3919,  3920.)" 

And  on  p.  383,  in  his  chapter  (Part  II. 
chap.  v. )  on  the  *  Arms  of  Abbeys  and  other 
Religious  Houses  of  Great  Britain,'  he 
gives  as  those  of  Rochester  Abbey,  Arg., 
a  saltire  gules ;  the  escallop  shell  thus 
marking  the  only  difference  between  the 
See  and  the  Abbey. 

A  short  time  ago  I  was  reading  in  the 
Times  (Weekly  Edition)  Supplement  for 
28  February  Lord  Rosebery's  very  interest- 
ing and  amusing  address  to  the  children  of 
the  Edinburgh  Board  schools  on  the  occa- 
sion of  his  presentation  to  them,  at  the 
instance  of  the  Victoria  League,  of  some 
fifty  flags  or  "  Union  Jacks,"  in  the  course 
of  which  his  lordship  showed  as  delightful 
an  acquaintance  with  heraldry  as  he  possesses 
with  history.  As  his  remarks  are  apt  to 
my  present  subject,  I  hope  that  I  may 
be  allowed  to  make  one  or  two  extracts  from 
his  speech. 

Unfurling  one  of  the  flags,  and  pointing 
to  it,  Lord  Rosebery  said  : — 

"  Do  you  understand  what  this  flag  represents? 

A  great  many  grown-up  people  do  not We  begin 

with  the  Scottish  flag.  (Loud  cheers.)  The  Scottish 
flag  was  a  blue  ground  with  a  white  St.  Andrew's 
cross  on  it." 

And  after  describing  in  humorous  terms 
the  effect  upon  the  National  Flag  of  the 
union,  first  of  Scotland,  and  then  of  Ireland 
— in  other  words,  the  origin  of  the  present 
"  Union  Jack  " — he  proceeded  : — 

"  How  did  we  come  to  have  a  St.  Andrew's  cross 
in  Scotland  ?  Well,  that  is  more  than  I  can  tell 
you.  (Laughter.)  in  old  days,  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
countries  used  to  like  to  have  a  saint  under  whose 
special  protection  they  placed  themselves,  and 
somewhere  between  700  and  800,  the  learned  people 
tell  us,  Scotland  chose  St.  Andrew.  Why  they 
chose  St.  Andrew  I  cannot  tell  you.  St.  Andrew, 
as  we  know,  was  a  fisherman,  and  perhaps  the  great 
fishing  industry  made  them  want  a  fisherman  as 
their  saint.  Anyhow,  they  took  St.  Andrew,  and  I 
rather  think  Russia  took  St.  Andrew  too,  so  we 
shall  never  come  to  blows  with  Russia  on  that 
point ;  and  somewhere  in  the  north  of  Italy,  where 
he  has  got  moved  by  some  mysterious  process,  I  have 
seen  the  tomb  of  St.  Andrew." 

Lord  Rosebery  is,  no  doubt,  quite  right 
as  to  Russia,  whose  patron  saint  is  St. 
Andrew,  and  whose  naval  flag  is  white, 
charged  with  the  saltire,  St.  Andrew's 


cross.     But   I   wonder  where   is   the   place 

"  in  the  north  of  Italy  "  in  which  he  states 
that  he  has  seen  "  the  tomb  of  St.  Andrew." 
Dr.  Woodward,  indeed,  speaks  of  some  of 
the  saint's  relics  having  been  removed  from 
Patrae  (or  Patras,  in  Achaia,  where  he  is 
said  to  have  been  crucified  on  a  "  saltire  ") 
and  having  formed  the  subject  of  shipwreck 
near  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  St. 
Andrews.  Other  authorities  state  that  the 
relics  were  removed  to  Constantinople. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  be  able 
to  supply  information  on  this  point. 

But  Rochester  is  not  alone  amongst 
English  sees  in  having  its  cathedral  dedicated 
to  St.  Andrew.  The  Cathedral  of  Wells  is 
so  dedicated  ;  the  earliest  arms  borne  for  the 
See  of  Wells,  before  its  junction  with  Bath, 
were  probably  those  of  its  patron  saint — 
the  saltire  only.  See  the  remarks  of  Dr. 
Woodward  in  his  '  Ecclesiastical  Heraldry/ 
pp.  176  and  497  (Appendix),  on  this  point. 

St.  Andrew  has  many  followers  also 
amongst  the  Scottish  and  Colonial  sees, 
particularly  those  of  the  latter  whose  early 
settlers  were  Scottish.  Amongst  the  former 
I  may  mention  Edinburgh  and  Dunblane  ; 
and  amongst  the  latter,  Caledonia  (British 
Columbia),  Waiapu  (New  Zealand),  and, 
as  we  may  well  expect  in  such  a  Scottish 
province  as  Otago  (New  Zealand),  Dunedin 
(in  which  St.  Andrew  is  represented  as 
holding  his  cross  before  him)  ;  whilst  in 
South  Africa  the  Sees  of  Bloemfontein  and 
Maritzburg  (taken  from  the  original  diocese 
of  Natal)  bear  distinct  references  to  St. 
Andrew.  I  fancy  that  I  can  also  trace  some 
such  origin  in  the  arms  of  the  Oriental  See 
of  Travancore.  Of  course  all  these  bear 
iheir  due  "  differences." 

Dr.  Woodward's  beautifully  illustrated 
chapter  on  the  arms  of  Colonial  Sees  (Part  II. 
chap,  ii.)  will  well  repay  perusal. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.  I. 

GEORGE  HENLEY  OF  BRADLEY,  HANTS 
(10  S.  ix.  141,  470,  496).— In  the  Rev.  F. 
Browne's  '  Collections  of  Somerset  Wills,' 
6  vols.,  printed  by  Crisp,  there  are  given  in 
vol.  i.  pp.  14, 15,  vol.  iv.  128-9,  and  vol.  v.  26, 
several  Henley  wills.  They  are,of  course,  only 
abstracts,  and  other  interesting  information 
may  very  likely  be  gathered  from  the  wills 
themselves.  The  references  at  Somerset 
House,  which  I  shall  be  very  pleased  to 
send  to  MRS.  SUCKLING  or  MR.  OLIVER  if 
they  cannot  readily  refer  to  this  collection, 
are  given  by  Mr.  Browne. 

Is  not  Blackborough  (p.  143,  col.  1)  a 
mistake  for  Black  Bourton,  where  the 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


93 


Hungerfords  lived  ?  Hutchins's  '  Dorset,' 
vol.  iii.  p.  742,  says  Sir  Robert  Henley 
married  Mary  Hungerford.  MBS.  SUCKLING 

f'ves  Catherine.  In  a  Hungerford  pedigree 
compiled  from  various  sources,  Mary 
married  Samuel  Hele,  and  Catherine  married 
Sir  Edward  Stradling  ;  but  of  course  they 
may  have  had  more  than  one  husband 
apiece. 

As  regards  MB.  OLIVEB'S  remarks  on 
Robert  Henley,  one  of  the  Six  Clerks  in 
Chancery,  on  p.  470,  he  was  in  that  office  from 
1618  to  1632,  when  I  suppose  he  died.  He 
could  be  the  eldest  son  of  Henry,  brother 
of  Andrew  Henley  of  Taunton.  I  shall 
be  very  glad  to  have  more  definite  informa- 
tion respecting  this  Robert.  He  is  not 
mentioned  in  Henry's  will,  dated  1638,  which 
would  tend  to  prove  the  above  identity. 

E.  A.  FBY. 
124,  Chancery  Lane. 

RUSHLIGHTS  (10  S.  x.  27,  76).— Rushlights 
were  used  in  the  remoter  parts  of  Sussex 
down  to  the  year  1845  or  thereabouts, 
and  I  have  been  told  by  a  person  who  saw 
them  in  use  that  they  gave  a  very  good  light. 
The  holders  were  of  many  shapes  and 
patterns,  the  chief  divisions  being  those  in 
which  the  nippers  held  the  rush  simply  by 
the  weight  of  the  knob  or  candle-holder, 
and  those  actuated  by  a  spring.  Some  were 
contrived  to  hold  several  rushes  at  once, 
mahogany  or  oak  stands  with  branches, 
and  a  pair  of  nippers  to  each  branch.  The 
*'  cresset  "  or  iron  vessel  for  boiling  the  fat 
and  dipping  the  dried  rush  (or  sedge)  in  is 
very  difficult  to  get.  As  a  collector  of  Sussex 
ironwork,  I  have  several  varieties  of  holders  ; 
but  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  secure  a 
cresset.  E.  E.  STBEET. 

Chichester. 

W.  HEATH,  ARTIST  (10  S.  ix.  385,  473; 
x.  13). — I  quite  agree  with  MB.  RALPH 
THOMAS  that  the  English  etchers  of  early 
Victorian  days  were,  in  the  main,  sadly 
wanting.  I  do  not,  however,  fancy  that 
a  noted  artist  would,  carelessly,  permit 
his  sketches  to  be  murdered  by  a  mechanical 
botch  ;  while  with  regard  to  the  small  fry, 
who  had  little  option,  the  money  value  of 
the  drawings,  both  to  designer  and  publisher, 
would  be  far  too  small  to  allow  of  two  persons 
being  employed  on  a  print.  Instances, 
truly,  have  not  been  wanting  where  collabora- 
tion was  expedient.  In  1847  William  Dickes 
etched  some  of  John  Gilbert's  sketches  ; 
and  in  1850  my  father,  Benjamin  Clayton, 
helped  Sala  to  etch  the  '  Great  Exhibition 
wot  is  to  Be '  and  '  No  Popery,'  while  G.  A.  S. 


assisted  him  with  the  '  Idleness  of  All 
Nations  '  ;  but  such  arrangements  should 
be  uncommon,  save  between  father  and  son, 
or  brothers.  t 

MB.  THOMAS  will  find  much  information 
anent  wood-drawing  in  W.  A.  Chatto  and  J. 
Jackson's  '  Treatise  on  Wood  Engraving, 
Historical  and  Practical,'  and  W.  J.  Linton's 
illustrated  '  History  of  Wood  Engraving '  ; 
probably,  however,  he  has  already  seen  the 
books. 

I  am  afraid  I  cannot  recall  any  interesting 
matters  concerning  the  Heath  family,  except 
that  Horace  is  said  to  have  lost  an  eye  in  a 
scrummage  with  Australian  larrikins.  He 
was  a  very  poor  artist. 

HEBBEBT  B.  CLAYTON. 

39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

OLD  TUNES  (10  S.  x.  48). — Mpnimusk  is 
a  property  in  Aberdeenshire,  situated  on 
the  river  Don,  and  is  the  seat  of  Sir 
Arthur  Grant,  Bart.  Many  old  Scotch 
tunes,  especially  dances,  are  derived  from 
place-names.  T.  F.  D. 

In  old  literature  "  upsy  Frees "  was  a 
well-known  phrase  for  being  drunk,  the 
same  as  "  upsee-Dutch,"  "  Frees "  or 
"  Frise  "  being  used  for  Dutch.  Op-zee  is 
supposed  to  be  Dutch  for  "  over  sea  "  =  our 
"  half  seas  over."  See  Nares's  '  Glossary,' 
s.v.  '  Upsee  Dutch.' 

A.    COLLINGWOOD    LEE. 
Waltham  Abbey. 

"  Upsy  Frees  "  is  of  frequent  occurrence, 
and  is  explained  at  length  in  Dean  Nares's 
'  Glossary  '  ;  also  in  Brewer's  '  Dictionary 
of  Phrase  and  Fable '  and  in  Halliwell's 
'Dictionary.'  H.  P.  L. 

[MR.  HOLDEN  MAcMiCHAEL  also  thanked  for 
reply.] 

HOBNSEY  :        HlGHGATE      AND      ABABELLA 

STUABT  (10  S.  x.  46). — My  sister,  Mrs. 
Edward  Lummis,  when  at  school  at  Channing 
House,  The  Bank,  Highgate,  heard  of  a 
tradition  in  connexion  with  Lady  Arabella 
and  that  house.  Channing  House,  I  believe, 
consists  of  two  houses,  one  old,  one  new. 
The  tradition  was  connected  with  the  older 
one.  I  am  not  certain,  but  I  believe  one 
was  built  on  the  site  of  Arundel  House  or 
was  rebuilt  from  it.  MB.  COLYEB  MABBIOTT 
tells  us  he  feels  quite  sure  that  the  house  in 
which  Lady  Arabella  stayed  her  six  days 
at  Highgate  was  the  house  of  Sir  William 
Bond,  and  that  he  can  make  a  shrewd  con- 
jecture as  to  the  approximate  site  of  this 
house.  Could  MB.  MABBIOTT  tell  us  what 


'94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[10  S.  X.  AUG.  1,  1908. 


he  thinks  of  the  claims  of  Channing  House  ? 
Is  this  really  on  the  site  of  Arundel  House 
or  of  Sir  William  Bond's  house  ?  Can  they 
•all  be  on  the  same  site  ?  Perhaps  the 
trustees  of  Channing  House  could  tell  us 
something  by  a  reference  to  their  trust 
•deeds.  RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Maryborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

QUEEN  CAROLINE  (10  S.  ix.  449,  495  ;  x. 
51). — MB.  DENMAN  is  unduly  severe.  I 
wished  to  give  some  authority  in  answering 
the  query,  and  the  only  account  of  the 
•charity-children  story  I  remembered  was 
that  given  in  Fraser's  '  Words  on  Welling- 
ton,' on  the  authority  of  Lord  Redesdale. 
As  the  query  stood,  I  considered  that  the 
•extract  from  Fraser  was  a  sufficient  answer, 
•although  I  could  not  add  at  whose  instiga- 
tion it  was  that  charity  children  were  sent 
to  insult  the  Queen.  I  have  read  one  of  the 
books  named  by  MB.  DENMAN,  Huish's 
*  Trial  of  Queen  Caroline '  ;  and  I  now 
wish  I  had  added  the  final  paragraphs  of 
Lord  Denman's  speech.  MB.  DENMAN, 
I  hope,  will  acquit  me  of  any  intention  to 
"  reawaken  ridicule  of  a  great  and  good 
man."  R.  L.  MOBETON. 

"  COCK-FOSTEB  "  (10  S.  x.  30).— I  think 
that  the  question  is  based  upon  an  error  in 
the  compilation  of  Holden's  '  Triennial 
Directory,'  1805-6-7.  The  entry  is  as 
quoted  by  H.  J.  B.  :  "  West — farmer  and 
cock-foster,  Enfield  Chace."  I  would  sug- 
gest, however,  that  by  some  confusion  the 
designation  of  a  farm-house,  West  Farm, 
has  been  printed  as  a  surname  and  the 
village  in  which  the  house  was  and  is 
situated,  Cockfosters  (or,  as  sometimes  it 
appears  in  old  maps,  Cock-Fosters),  has  been 
appended  as  a  further  description  to  the 
supposititious  "  West,  farmer." 

The  village  of  Cockfosters  is  on  the  high 
road  from  Southgate  to  Potter's  Bar,  and 
is  on  the  borders  of  what  was  Enfield  Chase. 
A  house  in  the  village  is  still  known  (or  was 
until  very  lately)  as  West  Farm,  and  it 
stands  on  the  site  of  a  farm-house  that 
was  there  at  least  85  years  ago — so  an  aunt 
of  mine,  who  was  born  at  Cockfosters  in 
1817,  tells  me. 

I  cannot  find  any  instance  of  the  term 
"  cock-foster "  with  reference  to  cock- 
fighting,  and  do  not  think  that  there  is 
such  a  word,  apart  from  the  name  of  the 
village  above  mentioned. 

According  to  Elaine's  '  Encyclopaedia 
of  Rural  Sports,'  p.  1208  (London,  1840), 
the  term  used  to  designate  the  breeder 
and  trainer  of  cocks  for  fighting  purposes 


was  "  cock  feeder.'  Blaine  quotes  John- 
son's '  Sportsman's  Dictionary,'  art.  «  Cock 
Feeder,'  as  follows  : — 

"  A  cock  feeder  is  a  person  whose  occupation  it 
is  to  collect,  handle,  and  feed  a  pen  of  cocks,  and  to 
fight  such  main  or  match  as  may  be  made  or  agreed 
on  by  those  who  deposit  the  battle  money." 

My  great-grandfather  John  Ray  of 
Finchley  was  a  breeder  and  trainer  of 
fighting  cocks,  but  my  aunt  has  no  recollec- 
tion of  his  being  known  as  a  "  cock-foster." 
One  of  my  earliest  recollections  is  that  of 
playing  with  some  of  the  silver  or  steel 
spurs  that  my  great-grandfather  used  to 
fasten  on  the  legs  of  the  cocks. 

WM.  H.  PEET. 

EDWABDS  OF  HALIFAX  (10  S.  ix.  510 ; 
x.  54). — This  was  William  Edwards,  who 
in  1784  established  his  sons  James  and  John 
in  Pall  Mall  as  "  Edwards  &  Sons."  A  long 
account  of  the  family  appears  in  Gent.  Mag., 
1816  (vol.  Ixxxvi.  p.  180),  giving  details 
of  the  important  sales  of  libraries  and 
valuable  books  passing  through  the  firm's 
hands.  Reference  is  made  to  the  purchase 
of  the  famous  Bedford  Missal  by  Mr.  James 
Edwards  for  215  guineas,  and  its  subsequent 
sale  to  the  Marquis  of  Blandfordfor  687Z.  15s. 
The  sale  of  the  Edwards  Library  in  1815  is 
referred  to  in  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxxv.  part  i. 
pp.  135,  254,  349.  R.  S.  B. 

"  CHABMING-BELLS  "  FOB  BIBD-CATCHING 
(10  S.  x.  48). — Although  nets  were  not 
necessarily  used  with  charming-bells,  yet 
the  pastime  seems  to  have  been  nothing 
more  than  an  amateur  variation  of  "  low- 
belling."  Lowbelling  consisted  in  persons 
going  out  at  night  with  a  light  and  bell 
("low"=a  flame  or  light,  as  in  the  old 
North- Country  word  "  lily-low,"  a  comfort- 
less blaze*),  by  the  light  and  noise  of  which 
the  lowbellers  procured  the  stupefied  birds 
as  they  sat  either  on  the  ground  or  in  the 
branches  of  trees,  and  either  by  means  of 
a  net  or  without.  See  Dugdale's  '  War- 
wickshire '  (where,  however,  the  custom  is 
associated  with  the  use  of  the  net),  p.  4. 

"  The  day  being  shut  in,  the  air  mild,  without 
moonshine,  take  a  low-bell,  which  must  have  a  deep 
and  hollow  sound,  for  it'  it  be  shrill  it  is  stark 
naught."  —  '  Gentleman's  Recreation,'  'Fowling,' 
p.  39,  8vo,  quoted  in  Nares's  '  Glossary,'  1888,  p.  529. 
J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 


*  Or  is  "low"  from  the  Dutch  loeijen,  to  low  or 
bellow  like  oxen  ?  A  low-bell,  of  which  I  imagine 
I  possess  an  example,  was  a  bell  varying  in  size, 
hung  about  the  neck  of  sheep  and  cattle  ;  but  mine 
is  large,  exactly  like  the  ancient  monastery  bell. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


"  ANGEL  "  OF  AN  INN  (10  S.  ix.  488  ;  x. 
14,  55). — Probably  the  best-known  passage 
in  literature  where  a  room  in  an  inn  is  called 
the  "  Angel  "  is  to  be  found  in  '  She  Stoops 
to  Conquer,'  Act  III.  Miss  Hardcastle,  in 
reply  to  her  maid,  who  doubts  her  being 
able  to  personate  a  barmaid  successfully, 
here  says  : — 

"  Never  fear  me.  I  think  I  have  got  the  true  bar 
•cant.  Did  your  honour  call?  Attend  the  Lion 
there.  Pipes  and  tobacco  for  the  Angel.  The 
Lamb  ha.s  been  outrageous  this  half -hour." 

T.  F.  D. 

[MR.  R.  L.  MORETON  also  refers  to  *  She  Stoops 
to  Conqiier.'] 

HENRY  ELLISON  (10  S.  x.  8)  has  already 
been  the  subject  of  some  notice  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
See  2  S.  xi.  248  ;  5  S.  vii.  508  ;  viii.  51  ; 
7  S.  xii.  268,  333.  He  was  born  12  Aug., 
1811,  and  was  the  third  son  of  Richard 
Ellison,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Lincoln,  Recorder  of 
Lincoln,  Lieut. -Col.  Royal  N.  Lincoln 
Militia,  of  Sudbroke  Holme,  Lincolnshire  ; 
Hampton,  Middlesex  ;  Bagolt,  Flintshire  ; 
and  26,  Great  George  Street,  Westminster, 
who  died  7  July,  1827,  aged  73.  Like  his 
elder  brothers  Richard  and  John,  he  was 
educated  at  Westminster  and  Christ  Church, 
being  admitted  to  the  school  7  Oct.,  1824, 
and  matriculating  at  Oxford  23  Oct.,  1828. 
He  published  '  Madmoments,  or  First  Verse- 
attempts  by  a  Bornnatural,'  at  Malta  in 
1833,  having  been  admitted  a  student  of 
Lincoln's  Inn  on  22  January  in  that  year.  A 
second  edition  of  '  Madmoments  '  was  pub- 
lished in  London  in  2  vols.  in  1839.  In  his 
Preface  (as  Dr.  John  Brown  points  out,  'Horse 
Subsecivae,'  "  The  Universal  Library  "  ed., 
p.  168)  he  explains  the  title  "  Bornnatural  " 
as  meaning  "  one  who  inherits  the  natural 
sentiments  and  tastes  to  which  he  was 
born,  still  artunsullied  and  customfree "  ; 
but  it  may  also  have  a  reference  to  the  fact 
that  the  register  of  St.  George's,  Hanover 
Square,  under  date  14  Dec.,  1814,  contains 
this  entry  : — 

"  Richard  Ellison,  Esq.,  of  Hampton,  co.  Middx» 
and  Jane  Maxwell  (now  Ellison)  of  this  parish  (the 
parties  having  been  heretofore  married  to  each 
other),  remarried  in  this  church  by  license." 

In  1839  a  book  of  Ellison's  called  '  Touches 
on  the  Harp  of  Nature  '  was  published  in 
London,  where  in  1844  appeared  "  The 
Poetry  of  Real  Life.  A  new  edition.  First 
Series."  Did  a  second  series  appear  in  1850  ? 
In  1874  or  1875  he  published  in  London, 
under  the  pseudonym  Henry  Brown,  'Stones 
from  the  Quarry  ;  or,  Moods  of  Mind.' 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


My  friend  MR.  PAGE  has  kindly  drawn 
my  attention  to  an  error  of  mine  in  my 
query.  He  reminds  me  that  three  of 
Ellison's  sonnets  are  included  in  Sharp's 
'  Sonnets  of  this  Century.'  When  I  penned 
my  question,  I  could  not  find  Sharp's  book. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 
Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

Mr.  D.  M.  Main,  in  his  fine  '  Treasury  of 
English  Sonnets,'  1880,  printed  one  of 
Henry  Ellison's  sonnets— '  The  Dayseye  ' 
— from  his  eccentrically  entitled  '  Mad- 
moments,  or  First  Verseattempts  by  a 
Bornnatural.'  Ellison  being  then  still  living, 
Mr.  Main  wrote  : — 

"  Why  is  the  ' Harp  of  Nature '  silent?  It  must 
have  yet  many  strings 

Untouched  that  God  intended  Man  to  hear. 

Mr.  Ellison's  little  books,  especially  the  earliest 

are  now  among  bibliographical  rarities ;  yet,  as  the 
beloved  author  of  'Rab  and  his  Friends'  said  of 
them  many  years  ago,  notwithstanding  the  eccen- 
tricities and  whimsicalities  with  which  they  abound, 
they  are  'as  full  of  poetry  as  is  an  "  impassioned 
grape"  of  its  noble  liquor.' " 

G.  L.  APPEKSON. 

Mr.  Sharp,  in  his  note  on  Ellison,  says  : — 

"I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  give  these  three  very 

fairly  representative  sonnets.     Other  fine  examples 

will    be    found   in    Mr.    Main's    '  CCC.    English 

Sonnets.'  " 

In  Mr.  D.  M.  Main's  edition  of  1886  I  find 
only  '  The  Daisy  '  ascribed  to  Ellison,  whose 
dates  are  given  as  1810  ?-1880. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Mr.  Miles  devotes  thirty-eight  pages  of 
the  tenth  volume  of  '  The  Poets  and  the 
Poetry  of  the  Century '  to  Ellison — a  good 
deal  more,  I  venture  to  think,  than  he  de- 
serves, even  in  such  a  collection. 

C.  C.  B. 

See  Westminster  Review  for  April,  1875. 

C.  D. 

WOLSTON  (10  S.  vii.  129).— Augustus 
became  an  attorney  in  1817,  and  practised 
at  8,  Furnival's  Inn,  E.C.,  down  to  1861. 

Thomas  was  a  son  of  John  Wolston,  Esq., 
of  Tornewton  House,  Torbryan,  Devon 
(who  died  at  Tornewton  House  18  Aug., 
1833,  aged  82),  and  Catherine  his  wife  (who 
died  at  the  residence  of  the  Rev.  Christopher 
Wolston,  M.A.,  Torbryan  Rectory,  6  Dec., 
1844,  also  aged  82).  A  good  account  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Wolston  will  be  found  in 
Venn's  '  Gonville  and  Caius  College,'  ii.  165, 
to  which  I  would  merely  add  that  his  wife, 
Mary  Anne,  died  at  Exeter  14  Jan.,  1853. 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  im. 


The  Rev.  Charles  Wolston,  LL.B.,  became 
Rector  of  Torbryan  on  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  Christopher  in  1863,  and  patron  on  the 
death  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  in  1885,  and  died 
in  1905.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

WINE  USED  AT  HOLY  COMMUNION  (10  S. 
ix.  90,  212,  432).— A  broadside  in  the 
British  Museum,  dated  1713,  describes  a 
quarrel  between  one  of  the  churchwardens 
of  Woolwich,  Kent,  and  the  lecturer.  The 
churchwarden  apparently  was  a  wine-mer- 
chant or  tavern-keeper,  and  one  detail 
refers  to  the  threat  of  the  lecturer  to  purchase 
the  Communion  wine  elsewhere  than  from 
the  churchwarden.  The  reference  is  '  The 
Case  of  Mr.  Samuel  Fletcher,'  &c. 

AYEAHB. 

From  the  evidence  adduced  at  the  last 
reference,  it  would  appear  that  it  was  cus- 
tomary in  the  sixteenth  century  to  celebrate 
this  rite  by  the  use  of  claret  wine,  in  place 
of  port  as  now,  in  the  case  of  English  and 
American  Protestant  Churches.  In  Ger- 
many, in  the  Lutheran  Church,  I  am  told, 
the  sacramental  element  at  the  present  day 
is  not  red  in  colour,  but  yellow — presumably 
sherry.  Is  anything  known  with  regard 
to  the  adoption  of  these  varying  customs 
— as  to  when  and  by  whom  the  several 
ecclesiastical  orders  concerning  them  were 
carried  out  ?  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

VILLAGE  MAZES  (10  S.  ix.  388,  475). — 
Mr.  J.  E.  Smith,  the  author  of  '  St.  John  the 
Evangelist,  Westminster,  Parochial  Me- 
morials,' p.  304,  tells  us  that 
"Tothill  Fields  were  at  one  time  '  Tuttle-m-the- 
Maze,'  from  there  having  been  formerly  a  maze 
here  ;  it  is  shown  in  Hollar's  view." 
This  view,  Mr.  Wheatley  states  in  '  London, 
Past  and  Present,'  1891,  vol.  iii.  p.  387,  is 
one  of  Tothill  Fields,  and  he  goes  on  to  say 
that  the  maze  was  made  anew  in  1672,  quot- 
ing as  his  authority  the  '  Churchwardens' 
Accounts  of  St.  Margaret,  Westminster.'  The 
making  anew  would  appear  to  be  an  error, 
for  I  have  before  me  two  printed  extracts 
from  the  said  accounts  ;  but  the  question 
of  making  anew  is  not  alluded  to.  Mr. 
Smith  suggests  that  it  was  then  renovated. 
The  extract  under  date  1672  reads : — 

"Item,  to  Mr.  William  Brewer,  for  making  a 
maze  in  Tuttleffields,  2  0  0." 

Aubrey,  the  naturalist  and  antiquary  (1626- 
1697),  thus  speaks  of  it  :— 

"  There  is  a  Maze  at  this  day  in  Tuttle  Fields 
Westminster,  and  much  frequented  in  the  summer 
time  on  fair  afternoons." 


These  particulars,  although  hardly  bearing 
upon  the  query  as  set  forth  by  MB.  F.  G. 
WALKEB,  may  yet  be  of  some  interest  to  him 
or  others.  W.  E.  HABLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

On  the  green  behind  the  castle  at  Saffron 
Walden  a  singular  work  is  mentioned  by 
Stukeley,  which  is  called  the  Maze,  and 
which  he  supposed  to  be  a  British  Cursus, 
or  place  of  exercise  for  the  soldiery.  About 
half  a  mile  from  this  castle,  on  the  western 
side,  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient  encamp- 
ment, of  an  oblong  form,  called  Pell-Ditches 
or  Repel-Ditches. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

SIB  MENASSEH  MASSEY  LOPEZ,  BT.  (10  S. 
ix.  508). — I  have  read  the  query  of  MB. 
SOLOMONS  with  keen  interest,  and  unhesi- 
tatingly dismiss  the  story  of  Menasseh's 
'*  death-bed  repentance  "  as  a  fiction.  Even 
MB.  SOLOMONS  seems  to  have  had  his  doubts 
of  the  veracity  of  it.  I  take  it  for  granted 
Menasseh  was  given  Christian  burial.  With- 
out seeking  to  defend  the  members  of  the 
ancient  Hebrew  congregation  in  Plymouth, 
I  feel  sure  that  had  Menasseh  sent  to 
them  for  a  Rabbi  to  read  the  "  Viddoo  "  or 
"  Confession  "  with  him,  not  one,  but  every 
member  of  the  "  Kabronim,"  or  Burial 
Society  of  the  town,  would  have  been 
religiously  bound  to  go  to  him.  I  base  this 
statement  upon  many  celebrated  dicta  in 
the  Talmud.  M.  L.  R.  BBESLAB. 

FIG  TBEES  :  MATURING  MEAT  (10  S.  ix. 
389  ;  x.  53). — ROCKINGHAM'S  reply  to  my 
query  is  interesting,  but  not  quite  to  the 
point.  That  the  juice  of  the  papaw,  if 
rubbed  on  meat,  will  make  it  tender  is  fairly 
well  known ;  and  possibly  the  juice  of 
unripe  figs  may  have  a  similar  effect.  I 
wished,  however,  to  know  if  a  piece  of  meat 
could  be  made  tender  by  being  hung  up 
in  the  branches  of  a  fig  tree,  as  was  asserted 
in  the  article  referred  to  in  my  query. 
ROCKINGHAM  says  that  W.I  natives  "  have 
always  hung  fowls  and  joints  in  the  growing 
[papaw]  trees,"  but  adds  that  for  this  state- 
ment "  no  authority  can  now  be  produced.  '* 
This  leaves  the  matter  pretty  much  as  it  was. 

T.  F.  D. 

SAMUEL  RICHABDSON  (10  S.  ix.  510). — 
The  family  of  the  novelist  was,  I  believe, 
in  no  way  connected  with  that  of  the 
Richardsons  of  Findon  ;  but  if  there  was 
any  relationship,  A.  C.  H.  could  doubtless 
trace  it  by  reference  to  the  pedigree  of  the 
latter  family,  which  is  to  be  found  both  in 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


Dallaway's  '  History  of  West  Sussex  '  (ii.  30) 
and  in  Berry's  '  Sussex  Genealogy  '  (p.  49). 

The  arms  of  Richardson  of  Findon  were  : 
Sa.,  on  a  chief  arg.  three  lions'  heads  erased 
out  of  the  field.  Crest :  Out  of  a  mural 
crown  or,  a  dexter  arm,  in  armour,  couped 
at  the  elbow,  brandishing  a  falchion  arg., 
the  gripe  vert,  pommel  and  hilt  or. 

LEONARD  J.  HODSON. 
Robertsbridge,  Sussex. 

"  MESCHIANZA  "  (10  S.  x.  30). — A  full 
account  of  the  fete  given  to  General  Howe 
before  his  departure  from  Philadelphia  will 
be  found  in  Trevelyan's  '  American  Revolu- 
tion,' part  iii.  pp.  309-12  (Longmans  & 
Co.,  1907).  The  author  says  there  that 
*'  Meschianza  "  is  an  Italian  word,  meaning 
a  medley ;  and  the  entertainment  in 
question  certainly  deserved  the  title.  The 
festivity  took  place  on  18  May,  1778,  and 
began  with  a  grand  regatta.  This  was 
followed  by  a  tournament,  at  which  two 
Queens  of  Beauty  (one  English  and  one 
American)  presided,  and  six  knights  arrayed 
in  crimson  and  white  challenged  and  con- 
tended with  six  dressed  in  black  and 
orange.  In  the  evening  there  was  a  ball, 
with  supper  for  twelve  hundred  guests, 
while  outside  there  was  a  grand  display  of 
fireworks,  rockets,  &c.  The  historian  con- 
cludes the  account  with  the  dry  remark 
that  "  this  was  the  last  gunpowder  which 
General  Howe  saw  fired  in  America." 

T.  F.  D. 

This  word  is  apparently  the  Italian 
mischianza,  a  medley.  In  vol.  ii.  of  '  The 
New  Foundling  Hospital  for  Wit '  (new  ed., 
1784),  pp.  138-9,  is  a  poem  of  42  lines  with 
this  heading  : — 

"  The  following  verses  were  intended  to  have  been 
spoken  at  the  Mischianza,  Philadelphia,  addressed 
to  General  Howe  on  his  leaving  the  army  ;  but  the 
General  would  not  permit  them  to  be  spoken." 
It  will  be  seen  that  this  is  the  same  fete  to 
which  the  passage  in  the  query  refers. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
[CAPT.  C.  S.  HARRIS  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

OUR,  OLDEST  MILITARY  OFFICER  (10  S.  i. 
389  ;  ii.  17).— The  Globe  of  15  July  inci- 
dentally supplies  an  answer  to  the  original 
query  by  stating  that 

"Col.  John  Bower,  of  Droxford,  Hants,  whose 
name  is  a  household  word  among  the  last  generation 
of  English  Army  officers  as  the  inventor  of  the 
idea  of  mounted  infantry,  reaches  the  ripe  age  of 
99  years  to-day,  having  been  born  at  Kincaldrum 
on  July  15,  1809.  A  representative  of  The  Globe 

called  upon  him  yesterday  afternoon *  When  I 

was  at  school,'  he  said,  '  they  wanted  me  to  study 


for  the  Bar,  but  I  preferred  a  cadetship  in  the 
Indian  Army,  and,  having  obtained  it,  set  sail  on 
the  Clydesdale  in  December,  1825.  We  went  via 
the  Cape,  and  our  vessel  arrived  at  Madras  in 
June,  1826.'  He  proceeded  to  say  that  he  served  in 
the  28th  Madras  Native  Infantry  for  15  years,  and 
was  afterwards  given  a  staff  appointment,  subse- 
quently going  to  the  Cape  in  connection  with  the 
development  of  that  colony's  industries  for  the 
purpose  of  supplying  the  Indian  troops.  He  retired 
in  1853.  '  I  have  lived  under  five  sovereigns,  and 
served  under  four,'  added  Col.  Bower." 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

THE  SWEDISH  CHURCH,  PRINCE'S  SQUARE, 
ST.  GEORGE'S-IN-THE-EAST  (10  S.  ix.  369, 
416). — I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  any 
separate  history  of  this  building,  and  the 
books  on  London  topography  are  exceed- 
ingly brief  in  their  references  to  it,  it  being 
apparently  thought  that  the  fact  that 
Emanuel  Swedenborg  reposed  within  its 
walls  was  all  that  rendered  it  noteworthy  ; 
but  to  those  who  know  their  London  this 
is  not  so.  The  Daily  Graphic  of  31  March 
and  8  April  contained  .illustrations  referring 
to  it.  The  first  was  an  interior  view  of  the 
building  and  the  memorial  to  the  famous 
Swede  ;  .  the  second  was  a  representation 
of  the  service  on  the  previous  day  over 
the  remains,  prior  to  the  removal  of  the 
coffin  to  Sweden. 

It  has  been  proposed  to  demolish  the 
church,  so  it  may  therefore  be  well  to  place 
upon  record  in  the  columns  of  *  N.  &  Q.' 
that  this  "  exceptional  property  "  was  offered 
for  sale  by  Messrs.  Ellis  &  Son  early  in  June, 
and,  notwithstanding  that  it  is  freehold, 
"was  passed"  at  4,900?.,  as  reported  in 
The  Daily  Telegraph  of  15  June. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

TELLING  THE  BEES  (10  S.  viii.  329  ;  ix. 
433). — In  many  parts  of  Germany,  e.g. 
in  Thuringia,  not  only  the  bees,  but  also 
all  the  other  animals  belonging  to  a  house- 
hold, the  quadrupeds  kept  in  stables,  and 
the  birds  in  their  cages,  are  told  if  a  death 
occurs  in  a  family  ;  even  the  flowers  are 
shaken  for  the  same  purpose.  This  shows 
that  the  custom  does  not  originate  from  a 
belief  in  some  divine  nature  of  the  bees 
or  in  their  connexion  with  the  gods. 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

EARLY  LAW  TERMS  (10  S.  x.  29).— 
Devorciant  "  =  the  divorcing  party,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  divorcee.  "  Im- 
pedient"  =  an  intervener,  who  interposed 
in  a  divorce  suit  in  defence  of  his  own 
interests.  "  Tenant  "  =  tenant  in  frank- 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  A™,  i,  i9oa 


marriage,  or  one  who  held  lands  or  tene- 
ments by  virtue  of  a  gift  thereof  made  to 
him  upon  marriage  between  him  and  his 
wife  (see  Cowel's  'Interpreter').  "  Claim- 
ant "  =  ?  one  who  made  a  challenge  of 
interest,  as  he  who  was  entitled  to  enter 
into  lands  or  tenements  of  which  another 
was  seised  in  fee  or  in  tail.  "  Querent  "  = 
complainant,  whose  action  as  querens  was 
known  as  querela,  whence  our  words  "  quar- 
rel "  and  "  querulous." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

BENEDICT  ARNOLD  (10  S.  x.  50). — 
A.  C.  H.  will  find  information  concerning 
General  Arnold's  eight  sons  in — 

'  Genealogy  of  the  Family  of  Arnold.'  By  J.  W. 
Dean,  H.  T.  Drowne,  and  E.  Hubbard.  Boston, 
U.S.A.,  1879.  Clapp  &  Son,  564,  Washington  Street. 

The  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical 
Register,  October,  1879. 

'  The  Life  of  Col.  Pownoll  Phipps.'  By  the  late 
Rev.  P.  W.  Phipps.  London,  1894.  (Privately 
printed,  but  perhaps  in  the  British  Museum 
Library.) 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

The  following  extract  from  the  '  D.N.B.' 
under  the  heading  of  Benedict  Arnold,  will 
perhaps  give  A.  C.  H.  some  of  the  informa- 
tion he  requires  : — 

"All  his  four  sons  [by  his  second  wife]  entered 
the  British  service,  and  one,  James  Robertson 
Arnold,  an  officer  of  engineers,  rose  to  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-general.  Descendants  of  his  third  son 
George  still  exist  in  England.  He  had  had  three 
sons  by  his  first  marriage,  whose  posterity  survive 
in  Canada  and  the  United  States." 

Dr.  Richard  Garnett  was  the  writer  of  the 
article.  RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

STEERING-WHEEL  (10  S.  x.  48). — On  board 
the  steam  packet  which  made  a  daily  trip 
down  the  Trent  and  the  Humber  from 
Gainsborough  to  Hull,  the  long  tiller 
ceased  to  be  used  about  1848-50,  and  the 
steering-wheel  took  its  place.  The  name 
of  the  vessel  was,  I  think,  the  Columbine, 
but  of  this  I  am  not  sure.  COM.  LINC. 

WILLOW-PATTERN  "  CHINA  :  STORY  IN- 
SCRIBED (10  S.  ix.  210,  437). — I  can  re- 
member about  thirty  years  back  going  to  a 
German  Reed  entertainment  at  St.  George's 
Hall,  London,  where  a  piece  was  produced 
which,  if  I  recollect  correctly,  was  called 
'  Old  China.'  It  opened  with  a  scene  in 
which  a  man  was  shown  as  having  purchased 
an  old  china  teapot  with  the  "  willow 
pattern  "  on  it.  He  is  quite  in  love  with 
this,  and  shortly  falls  asleep  and  dreams 


the  legend,  which  is  all  portrayed  afterwards 
on  the  stage  ;  and  I  remember  that  it  was 
one  of  the  most  realistic  pieces  of  stage- 
management  I  have  ever  seen.  I  think 
some  one  dressed  as  a  Chinaman  sang  a 
song  commencing  with  the  words  : — 

This  is  the  teapot,  the  teapot  of  my  sire, 
and  the  air  was  that  of 

This  is  the  sabre,  the  sabre  of  my  sire. 
I  am  almost  certain  that  Mr.  Corney  Grain 
and  Miss  Kate  Bishop   took  the  principal 
parts. 

My  grandmother,  who  died  some  twenty- 
five  years  ago  at  an  advanced  age,  used  to 
tell  us  a  story  of  the  "  willow-pattern "" 
plate  which  was  very  similar  to  that  acted 
in  London.  I  understand  that  this  willow 
pattern  was  one  of  the  earliest  patterns 
manufactured  at  Caughley,  and,  no  doubtr 
at  its  first  appearance  every  one  would  want 
to  know  the  reason  of  the  design,,  and  the 
general  version  must  have  been  a  variant 
of  the  original  story  as  known  in  England 
or  the  invention  of  some  one  interested  in 
pottery.  HEBBEKT  SOUTHAM. 

Shrewsbury. 

VIGO  BAY,  1702-19  (10  S.  x.  30).— An 
account  of  the  expedition  against  Cadiz 
in  1702  under  Sir  George  Rooke,  which 
ultimately  attacked  Vigo,  will  be  found  in 
Clowes's  '  The  Royal  Navy/  vol.  ii.  p.  377. 
This  authority  states  that  when  the  com- 
bined fleets  left  the  Channel  they  had  on 
board  9,663  English  and  about  4,000  Dutch 
troops.  No  details,  however,  are  given. 

The  troops  at  Vigo  in  1719  were  under 
Lord  Cobham,  and  consisted  of  the  following 
regiments  :  one  battalion  from  each  regi- 
ment of  Guards,  and  the  3rd,  19th,  24th, 
28th,  33rd,  34th,  and  37th  Foot.  See  For- 
tescue's  '  History  of  the  British  Army,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  10,  note  (Macmillan  &  Co.,  1899). 

T.  F.  D. 

"  VOTES  FOB  WOMEN  "  (10  S.  x.  47). — 
In  '  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,'  II.  i.  29, 
Mistress  Page  also  appropriately  says  : 
"  Why,  I  '11  exhibit  a  bill  in  the  Parliament 
for  the  putting  down  of  men." 

TOM  JONES. 

FEE  BOWLS  (10  S.  x.  46). — I  was  with 
my  mother  sixty  years  ago  when  she  went 
to  a  lawyer's  often  at  Derby  to  receive  some 
money.  It  was  paid  to  her  from  a  bowl — 
or  as  we  called  it  "  bason  " — which  stood  on 
the  office  table.  This  is  one  of  my  very- 
earliest  remembrances. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99' 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Coleridge's  Literary  Criticism.  With  an  Introduc- 
tion by  J.  W.  Mackail.  (Frowde.) 
WE  are  not  much  in  favour  of  selections  and 
snippets,  such  as  this  volume  provides  from  the 
'Biographia  Literaria,'  'Table  Talk,'  'Literary 
Remains,'  and  '  Anima  Poetse '  of  Coleridge.  When 
we  have  said  this,  however,  we  are  bound  to  add 
that  the  selection  is  made  with  the  fastidious  and 
delicate  taste  which  marks  the  Oxford  Professor  of 
Poetry,  and  gives  a  good  idea  of  Coleridge's  wonder- 
ful powers  as  a  critic.  The  Professor  warns  us  that 
many  of  the  extracts  may  not  be  expressed  in 
Coleridge's  own  words,  being  scraps  from  note- 
books, diaries,  and  reported  lectures.  The  expert 
will  further  remark  that  some  of  the  ideas  which 
here  figure  as  Coleridge's  were  ingeniously  con- 
veyed oy  that  indefatigable  talker  and  reader 
from  other  writers.  What  is  undoubtedly  his 
own  is  sufficient  to  establish  the  reputation  of 
any  critic.  This  the  Introduction  explains,  adding 
a  passage  on  Coleridge's  poetry  which  awards 
praise  that  would  have  startled  an  earlier  genera- 
tion, but  with  which  we  are  entirely  in  accord. 
The  best  of  Coleridge,  alike  in  prose  and  verse, 
is  inimitable,  and  the  reader  will  find  here 
much  of  the  first  order  on  Wordsworth  and 
Shakespeare. 

The  Sacred  Poets  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. — 
Edward  Hayes  Plumptre  to  Selvn/n  Image.  Edited 
by  A.  H.  Miles.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
THIS  is  a  reissue  of  a  collection  first  published  in 
1891,  in  which  the  biographical  and  bibliographical 
matter  is  brought  up  to  date,  and  various  revisions 
have  been  made  as  the  result  of  criticism.  At  the 
end  of  the  little  book  is  a  list  of  the  twelve  volumes 
of  the  "Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Cen 
tury,"  the  last  two  being  devoted  to  *  Sacred 
Poetry.'  The  volume  now  before  us  is  the  last  of 
the  series.  Mr.  Miles  is  painstaking,  and  his  col- 
lection presents  a  good  deal  of  excellent  verse  in  a 
convenient  form,  though  we  cannot  say  that  he 
shows  any  particular  talent  for  literary  criticism. 
Under  a  general  heading  at  the  end,  somewhat 
strangely  entitled  'Ac  Etiam,'  are  gathered  a 
number  of  authors  whose  work  "  calls  for  less 
extended  representation." 

Evesham  and  the  Neighbourhood,  by  the  late 
William  Smith— Vol.  XXV.  of  the  "Homeland 
Handbooks"  (Homeland  Association)— has  reached 
a  second  edition,  and  has  been  revised  by  Mr 
E.  A.  B.  Barnard.  It  now  forms  a  very  capable 
guide  to  a  district  of  exceptional  interest.  We  are 
pleased  to  see  a  map  on  the  scale  of  half  an  inch  to 
the  mile,  which  covers  a  large  tract  of  country,  from 
Worcester  and  Great  Malvern  in  the  west  to  Strat- 
ford, Shipston,  and  the  Chipping  Norton  district  in 
the  east.  This  map  will  be  a  real  aid  to  cyclists 
who  have  tours  here  suggested  for  them.  We 
note  further  that  geology  and  botany  are  not 
neglected,  and  that  the  inform ationori  early  history 
has  been  strengthened.  Mr.  E.  H.  New's  illustra 
tions  in  themselves  are  enough  to  attract  th« 
ordinary  tourist,  and  the  photographs  supplied  are 
well  chosen. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — AUGUST. 

MESSRS.  BROWNE  &  BROWNE'S  Newcastle  Cata- 
ogue  92  contains  the  fi»st  edition  of  '  Gulliver/ 

2  vols.,  with  the  separate  pagination  to  each  part,. 

very  scarce,  Benj.  Motte,  1726,  20/.;  the  first  folio- 
English  edition  of  'Don  Quixote,'  1652,  4/.  4s.;  a 
arge-paper  set  of  "Books  about  Books,"  6  vols., 
lalf -vellum,  11. 10s.;  Cruikshank's  '  Comic  Almanac,! 

1835-53,  10/.;  De  Morgan's  'Budget  of  Paradoxes,' 

with  the  author's  additions  from  The  Athenaeum,. 

21.  10s.;  Dibdin's  'Decameron'  and  other  works,. 

1  vols.,  full  russia,  1817-22, 211. ;  Mrs.  Jameson's 
'Social  and  Legendary  Art,'  'Legends  of  the 

Monastic  Orders  and  01  the  Madonna,  first  editions,, 
4  vols.,  4to,  half  blue  calf  by  Riviere,  61.;  the  third' 
edition  of  Montaigne,  1632,  8/. ;  and  a  copy  of 

Bruce's  '  Roman  Wall,'  half-morocco,  uncut,  third 
and  best  edition,  1867,  51.  There  are  items  under 
Newcastle  and  Naval. 

Mr.  Walter  V.  Daniell  sends  Part  VII.  of  his 
valuable  Catalogue  of  Topographical  Literature. 
This  completes  Stafford,  and  reaches  to  the  begin- 
ning of  Yorkshire.  The  catalogue  now  numbers 
over  nine  thousand  items. 

Mr.  Henry  Davey's  Catalogue  10  con  tains - 
numerous  American  items.  Under  Dickens  is 
'  The  Christmas  Carol,'  with  coloured  plates,  1844,. 
for  the  low  price  of  3s.  Other  works  include - 
Granger's  'Biographical  History,'  7  vols.,  1806, 
8s.  6d.;  Hazlitt's  'Eloquence  of  the  British  Senate," 

2  vols..    1812,    4.9.  6d.;    Hobbes   of   Malmesbury's 
'Tracts,'  1681,  5s.  6d.;  and  first  edition  of  Hood's 

'  Up  the  Rhine,'  1840,  3s.  Items  under  London, > 
include  Evelyn's  '  Fumif  ugium  '  and  Grant's  '  Ob- 
servations,' bound  in  one  volume,  1661-1701,  If.  15s. 
Mr.  Francis  Edwards  sends  Part  V.  of  his  valu- 
able Military  Catalogue.  This  takes  in  campaigns 
in  India  and  the  East.  We  find  Ferishta's  '  Ma- 
homedan  Power  in  India  to  1612,'  4  vols.,  1829,. 
scarce,  4/.  10s.;  Price's  'Retrospect,'  4  vols.,  4to,. 
1811-21,  31.  5s.;  Elliot's  'History,'  8  vols.,  41.;  and 
'Memoirs  of  the  Emperor  Baber,'  4to,  1826,  51. 
Then  we  have  Portuguese  conquests  in  Asia, 
followed  by  the  French  and  English  struggle  for 
India  ;  the'Rohilla  War,  1773-4;  the  first  Mahratta 
War,  1778-81;  the  three  Mysore  Wars,  1780-99; 
and  the  British  conquest  of  Ceylon.  Among  the- 
works  in  the  last-named  section  is  Daniell's 
'  Scenery,'  oblong  folio,  1808,  61.  10s.  The  Goorka 
War :  Nepal,  1814-16,  includes  Eraser's  magnificent 
work,  '  views  in  the  Himala  Mountains,'  1820,  51. 
By  stages  we  come  to  the  Mutiny,  with  a  host 
of  well-known  books;  then  various  expeditions, 
bringing  us  to  the  Chitral  campaign  of  1895.  A 
section  is  devoted  to  Russian  conquests  in  Asia,, 
another  to  English  wars  with  China,  and  a  third  to- 
the  Russo-Japanese  War,  1904-5. 

Mr.  Edwards  has  also  a  short  list  of  New  Re- 
mainders. We  note  Ingle  by 's  '  Shakespeare's  Cen- 
tury of  Prayse,  1591-1693,'  and  the  Supplement 
edited  by  Dr.  Furnivall,  18s.;  Harrison's  'England 
in  Shakespere's  Youth,'  11.  (also  edited  by  Dr. 
Furnivall) ;  and  Stubbes's  '  Anatomy  of  the  Abuses 
in  England  in  Shakespere's  Youth,'  15s. 

Mr.  John  Hitchman's  Birmingham  List  469  con- 


j.Acioi«jiv*oiino   jLuunMM)     o«/.    JLUO.  ,  rjovei  »  J.IUVBIS, 

33  vols.,  tree  calf,  9/.  9s. ;  Dickens,  original  dated 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  i,  im 


Library  Edition,  30  vols.,  green  cloth,  1874,  &c., 
1W.  10s.;  Motley,  9  vols.,  whole  calf,  9J.  12s.  Qd. ; 
Ruskin's  •  Modern  Painters,'  1857-60,  Ql.  6*. ;  Field- 
ing's Works,  16  vols.,  in  art  linen,  51.  5s. ;  and  the 
Edinburgh  Edition  of  Lockhart's  'Life  of  Scott,' 
10  vols.,  blue  linen,  31.  10s.  Among  art  works  are 
Rogers1  s  'Old  Masters,'  2  vols.,  imperial  folio,  large- 
paper  copy,  1778,  31.  15s. ;  Rowlandson's  '  Dance  of 
Death,'  first  edition,  2  vols.,  royal  8vo,  1815-16, 
1QI.  10*.;  also  his  'Naples,'  1815,  41.  4s.  There  is 
an  interesting  work  on  '  Old  Scottish  Communion 
Plate,'  by  the  Rev.  Thos.  Burns,  II.  10s. 

Mr.  Alexander  W.  Macphail's  Edinburgh  List 
XCV.  contains  a  choice  copy  of  Boydell's  '  Illustra- 
tions of  Shakespeare,'  1802,  41.  4s.  ;  and  under 
Edinburgh  a  collection  of  works  from  the  library  of 
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A  set  of  Thackeray,  with  Life  by  his  daughter, 
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8?.  8s.      There   are   views    of    Essex,   Kent,  and 
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large  stock.  We  note  Doyle's  'Baronage,'  3  vols., 
11.  15s.;  and  Billings  and  Hill  Burton's  'Baronial 
and  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities  of  Scotland,'  1845-52, 
4  vols.,  4to,  scarce,  31.  Under  London  we  find 
Strype's  edition  of  Stow,  2  vols.,  folio,  1720,  31.  5s. ; 
Birch  and  Latham's  'London  Churches,'  21.  10s.; 
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London,'  8  vols.,  4to,  II.  15s. 

Mr.  C.  Richardson's  Manchester  Catalogue  55, 
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Among  a  number  of  items  relating  to  Africa  is 
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Slates,  royal  folio,   1849,  121.  10s.    Much  space  is 
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the  French    Dominions,'    1760,    scarce,    121.    10s. ; 

*  New  England  judged  by  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord,'  in 
two  parts  (relating  to  the  sufferings  of  "  the  people 
call'd  Quakers "),  printed  in  1702-3,  41.  10s.  ;  and 
Cam  den  Hotten's  list  o  f  emi  grants,  &c.,  1874,  U.  12s.  Qd. 
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items  comprise  the  first  edition  of  '  Grimaldi,' 
Bentley,  1838,  51.  10s. ;  and  Kitton's  '  By  Pen  and 
Pencil,'  51.  Under  Ferrier  is  the  first  edition  of 
'Destiny,'  Edinburgh,  1831,  in  original  boards, 
11.  15s.  A  copy  of  Nicolas's  *  Orders  of  Knighthood,' 
with  the  various  orders  illustrated  in. oil  by  Baxter, 
4  vols.,  royal  4to,  half -calf,  1842,  is  priced  41.  4s. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son's  Catalogue  212  is 
devoted  to  Engravings.  Under  Reynolds  is  an  im- 
portant collection  of  148,  all  lightly  mounted  in  an 
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201.),  General  Putnam,  George  Washington  (on 
horseback,  30/.),  and  others.  There  are  long  lists 
under  Caricatures,  Naval,  Military,  Napoleon,  and 
Nelson. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton's  Manchester  Catalogue  162 
contains  much  under  Africa  and  America,  the  latter 
comprising  a  work  from  the  library  of  Penn,  with 
his  book-plate  and  pencil  notes.  This,  a  collection 
of  the  writings  of  the  Fathers  edited  by  Francis 
Rons,  and  published  in  London  in  1650,  is  priced  at 
7/.  10s.  Works  under  Heraldry  include  Dugdale's 
'Ensigns  of  Honour,'  1682,  10s.  Qd.  This  copy 
contains  manuscript  additions  by  Holland  Egerton, 
also  his  fine  old  book-plate.  Under  George  Her- 
bert is  the  first  edition  of  '  The  Temple,'  1633, 
257. ;  and  under  Milton  the  first  edition  in  which 
'Paradise  Lost'  was  divided  into  twelve  parts, 
S.  Simmons,  1674,  calf,  15s.  Other  items  include 
'  The  Antiquarian  Repertory,'  4  vols.,  royal  4to, 
1807-9,  21.  10s.;  Britton  and  Brayley's  'Beauties  of 
England  and  Wales,'  1801-23,  31.  3s.;  S.  C.  Hall's 
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number,  bound  in  two  large  volumes,  half-morocco, 
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Mr.  George  Winter's  List  52  contains  much  under 
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Century  Dictionary,'  41.  4s. ;  '  Catalogue  of  Enamels, 
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Wedmore's  'Turner  and  Ruskin,'  2  vols.,  folio, 
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Genealogical 
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IN 

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101 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  8,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-No.  241. 

NOTES:— Changes  at  the  Guildhall,  101— "Haze":  "Hazy," 
102— Dodsley's  Collection  of  Poetry,  103— The  late  Sir 
W.  B.  Cremer  —  John  Shakespeare,  Biomaker,  104 — 
McDonald  and  McPike  Families  —  "  Everglade  "  :  its 
Derivation,  105 — Naval  Volunteers  in  1795 — "  Hame-Bein  " 
—First  Dublin  Printer—"  Cremitt"  Money,  106— Z  :  Name 
of  the  Letter,  107. 

QUERIES  : — Roman  Inscription  at  Baveno — Pope's  Shake- 
speare Quarto— The  Grand  Khaibar,  107— Barbara  Villiers 
— Hulbert's  Providence  Press,  Shrewsbury — St.  Martha — 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — Tarentine,  a  Herb — 
"Bocca  Mortis"— "Hastle,"  108— Balzac  and  Heine- 
Samuel  Foote,  Comedian — "Minister"  in  Early  Charters 
—Joseph  Bonaparte  in  England— Death  after  Lying- 
Picture  with  Game  and  Elephant— Dog  Names,  109— 
Attorney-General  to  the  Queen— Fleet  Prison,  110. 

REPLIES:— Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  Chelsea,  110— Thomas 
Castle — Vowel-shortening — Hove,  111—  "  Stymie  "  at  Golf 
—Hungarian  Grammar— Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell- 
Peter  Quivel,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  112 — Snodgrass  as  a 
Surname  — Place-Names  in  -ox— Authors  of  Quotations 
Wanted,  113— C.  Barren,  Pall  Mall— Oxford  Commemo- 
ration in  1759— 'D.N.B.'  Additions,  114— Sir  Menasseh 
Lopez— '  Yankee  Doodle'— Coxe  of  Clent  and  Swynford, 
115 — Abbotsley,  St.  Neot's — John  of  Gaunt's  Arms — '  Old 
Mother  Hubbard,'  116— Cornish  Apparitions— Irish  Rebel- 
lion of  1798— Harvey's  Birthplace— King's  Silver,  117— 
Hartley  Coleridge—"  T'  Wife  Bazaar  "—Constables  of  the 
Tower — Mill  at  Gosport — Man  in  the  Almanac — Dolls  in 
Magic,  118. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— •  The  Seven  against  Thebes,'  edited 
by  Prof.  Tucker— Beviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices'to  Correspondents. 


CHANGES    AT    THE    GUILDHALL. 

THE  old  Council  Chamber,  which  has 
recently  been  demolished,  was  of  consider- 
able interest  from  the  many  presentations, 
which  make  up  so  large  a  part  in  the  civic 
history,  that  took  place  within  its  walls. 
It  saw  as  honoured  recipients  of  the  City 
freedom  Nelson,  Rodney,  Hood,  Duncan, 
Howe,  William  Pitt,  Wellington,  Brougham, 
and  many  others,  until  in  1884  it  was  super- 
seded by  the  present  Council  Chamber. 

A  well-designed  apartment,  erected  by 
•George  Dance  in  1776,  it  very  soon  received 
•suitable  decorations  in  pictures,  statues, 
and  busts,  of  some  interest,  but  frequently 
of  uncertain  merit.  Alderman  John  Boy- 
dell  the  printseller  was  the  greatest  bene- 
factor in  this  direction.  At  his  expense 
the  four  angles  under  the  cupola  were  orna- 
mented by  J.  F.  Rigaud,  R.A.,  with  frescoes 
representing  Providence  ;  Innocence,  or  In- 
fancy and  Youth;  Wisdom;  and  Happiness. 

"  Unfortunately,  these  paintings  never  dried 
perfectly,  and  turned  black.  They  exist  no  longer ; 
but  prints  of  them  have  been  published  by  Messrs. 
Boy  dell  &  Co.,  dedicated  to  their  Majesties."— '  A 
Brief  Account  of  the  Guildhall,'  J.  B.  Nichols, 
1819,  p.  39. 

Rigaud,  who  painted  to  be  engraved,  pro- 
vided some  of  the  canvases  for  Boy  dell's 


'  Shakspeare  Gallery,'  1810.  The  Alder- 
man's other  gifts  to  the  decoration  of  the 
Council  Chamber  are  too  numerous  to 
mention  ;  he  took  every  care  they  should 
be  adequately  appreciated,  and  a  "  fully 
descriptive  "  guide  was  published.  Phillips 
in  '  The  Picture  of  London  for  1803  '  (p.  103) 
says  : — 

"  In  the  Common  Council  Chamber  is  a  capital 
collection  of  paintings,  presented  to  the  City  of 
London  by  the  public-spirited  Alderman  Boydell, 
to  whose  exertions,  during  a  space  of  fifty  years, 
the  public  are  in  a  great  manner  indebted  for  the 
state  of  perfection  which  the  fine  arts  have  attained 
in  this  country,  Among  them  is  Mr.  Copley's 
celebrated  picture  of  the  siege  of  Gibraltar.  These 
fine  pictures  may  be  seen  by  application  to  any  of 
the  servants  belonging  to  Guildhall,  of  whom,  or  of 
Alderman  Boydell,  may  be  had  a  book  fully 
describing  each  of  their  subjects." 

In  the  guide,  prepared  by  Boydell,  he 
writes  : — 

"It  may  be  a  matter  of  wonder  to  some  what 
inducement  I  could  have  to  present  the  City  of 
London  with  so  many  expensive  pictures.  The 
principal  reasons  that  influenced  me  were  these  : 
First,  to  show  my  respect  to  the  Corporation  and 
my  fellow-citizens.  Secondly,  to  give  pleasure  to 
the  public,  and  foreigners  in  general.  Thirdly,  to 
be  of  service  to  the  artists,  by  showing  their  works 
to  the  greatest  advantage;  and,  fourthly,  for  the 
mere  purpose  of  pleasing  myself." 

Great  was  the  public,  or  at  least  the 
civic,  esteem  of  these  "  expensive  "  pictures, 
and  the  munificent  donor  was  eulogized  by 
Miss  Tomlins  in  nine  four-line  stanzas, 
of  which  the  following  are  examples  : — 

In    Greece,    when  Art  Wealth's  fostering  power 
required, 

Wise  o'er  the  rest  the  great  Pericles  shone ; 
His  liberal  hand,  with  patriot  glory  fired, 

Gave  life  to  brass,  and  breathing  words  to  stone. 

In  arts  unequall'd,  yet  in  virtuous  fame, 
Not  e'eri  to  Athens'  name  shall  Briton  bow  ; 

Hers  be  the  poet's  wreath,  the  patriot's  flame, 
Since  what  Pericles  was — is  Boydell  now. 

Not  to  Boydell  alone  was  the  old  Council 
Chamber  indebted  for  its  decorations.  The 
really  fine  canvas  by  Copley „  instead  of 
being,  as  Phillips  suggests,  one  of  his  gifts, 
was  bought  by  the  Corporation  for  1,543?.  6s. 
('  An  Account  of  the  Monuments  and  Pic- 
tures in  the  Guildhall,'  by  Josiah  Temple, 
1849).  The  portraits  of  Queen  Caroline 
and  the  Princess  Charlotte  by  Lonsdale 
were  presented  by  the  Queen  in  1820.  The 
portrait  of  Queen  Victoria  by  Hayter  was 
presented  by  her  late  Majesty  in  1839.  The 
statue  of  George  III.  by  Chantrey  cost 
the  Corporation  in  1815  3,089?.  9s.  5d.  The 
portrait  of  John  Boydell  was  a  commission 
to  Sir  William  Beechey,  R.A.,  for  200  guineas. 
Some  of  these  works  of  art  have  been  trans- 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  im 


ferred  to   the   Art   Gallery  or   other  parts 
of  the  building. 

The  portraits  of  the  judges  who  settled 
the  claims  of  property  owners  after  the 
Great  Fire,  that  were  on  the  walls  of  the  old 
Council  Chamber  until  its  demolition,  are 
of  some  interest.  These  twenty-three  full- 
length  canvases  representing  the  judges  in 
their  robes,  their  arms  painted  on  the  frames, 
were  commissioned  of  Michael  Wright 
"in  testimony  of  the  City's  gratitude  in  having 
settled  (without  expense  of  lawsuit)  the  properties 
of  the  citizens  after  the  fire  in  1666,  pursuant  to  an 
Act  of  Parliament  for  establishing  a  court  of  judica- 
ture for  that  purpose."— Nichols,  p.  32. 
They  cost  60Z.  each,  and  were  hung  in  the 
Guildhall  about  1671.  About  1816  they 
were  removed  to  make  room  for  the  monu- 
mental memorials  ;  and  soon  after  1823 
they  were  divided  between  the  Courts  of 
Queen's  Bench  and  Common  Pleas.  They 
are  now  scattered  throughout  the  building, 
six  being  in  the  lobby  of  the  Lord  Mayor's 
Court, 

The  City  Press  of  22  February  and  The 
Daily  Graphic  of  7  April  had  illustrations 
and  brief  notes  on  this  fine  old  chamber, 
the  loss  of  which  is  generally  regretted. 
This  and  other  changes  that  have  been  made 
are  apparently  prompted  more  by  a  super- 
fluity of  means  than  actual  necessity.  It 
is  a  complaint  made  by  users  of  the  Library 
that  its  equipment  is  subordinated  to  the 
needs  of  the  receptions,  &c.,  for  which  it 
is  too  frequently  required. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


"  HAZE  "  :   "  HAZY." 
(See  10  S.  vii.  108,  213,  273.) 

No  addition  is  made  at  these  references 
to  the  material  collected  by  Sir  J.  Murray 
exemplifying  the  use  of  this  word  in  English. 
For  convenience  I  subjoin  the  early  evidence  : 

1706,  Phillips  (eel.  Kersey) :  "  Haze,  a  Rime,  a 
thick  Fog." 

1721,  Bailey,  :  "A  Hase,  a  thick  Fog  or  Rime." 

1755,  Johnson:  "Haze,  fog;  mist." 

1795,  Burke,  'Regie  Peace,'  iv.,  'Wks.,'IX.  4: 
"To  trust  ourselves  to.  the  haze  and  mist  and 
doubtful  lights  of  that  changeable  week." 

I  would  point  out  that  the  first  literary 
use  of  the  word  is  in  a  book  printed  exactly 
a  century  ago  from  the  MS.  of  an  intimate 
of  the  third  lexicographer.  Lexicographers 
have  a  sheeplike  quality  ;  and  Bailey  ob- 
viously stole  from  Phillips  with  guileful 
inversion  of  his  words  ;  and  it  is  well  known 
that  the  foundation  of  Johnson's  *  Dic- 
tionary '  was  an  interleaved  copy  of  Bailey, 


The  "  neglected  English  dictionary,"  as 
Prof.  Skeat  truly  calls  it,  says  that  haze 
is  "  not  known  till  nearly  a  century  after 
Hazy,  a.,  so  that  it  may  be  a  back  formation 
from  that  word."  The  line  of  reasoning 
by  which  a  dictionary-maker  would  arrive 
at  that  conclusion  may  be  illustrated. 
In  the  Salon  of  1882  Frank  Scheidecker 
exhibited  a  picture  of  a  tramcar  in  a  thick 
mist,  which  he  entitled  *  Un  Brouillard  a 
Neuilly.'  E.  Bernard  in  his  illustrated 
catalogue  (' Le  Salon')  kindly  translates 
this  :  '  A  foggy  to  Neuilly.'  Now  it  is 
obvious  to  a  person  with  even  a  slight 
knowledge  of  English  that  this  phrase  is 
impossible,  and  ought  to  be  emended. 
"  Foggy "  is  a  noun,  either  substantive 
or  adjective.  Most  nouns  ending  in  y  are 
adjective  :  this  is  especially  the  case  where 
the  y  follows  a  doubled  letter.  Ergo 
fog"  is  the  substantive,  and  "foggy" 
the  correlative  adjective. 

It  is  all  natural  enough.  The  dictionary- 
maker,  brought  up  on  the  classics,  finds  the 
word  "  hazy  "  in  the  strange  jargon  of  men 
of  the  sea  ;  and  assumes  a  noun  "  haze  " 
from  which  it  springs.  What,  then,  is  the 
evidence  as  to  "  hazy  "  ? 

At  9  S.  vi.  87  I  gave  a  quotation  from 
Capt.  Wyatt's  '  Narrative  of  Sir  Robert 
Dudley's  Voyage  to  the  West  Indies,  1594-5  * 
(ed.  1900,  p.  40)  :  "  And  withall  the  weather 
provinge  hasey  and  wett ....  the  companie 
went  on  shore  to  make  readie  their  victuall." 
It  is  to  be  observed  that  "  hazy  "  appears, 
in  the  earliest  instance  given  in  'N.E.D.,'* 
in  the  form  hawsey  and  that  "  heysey 
weather "  is  fully  defined  in  the  context 
of  the  quotation  from  Ligon,  which  may 
reasonably  be  dated  1 653  : — 

"  Before  we  came  neere  this  Hand,  we  perceiv'd  a, 
kind  of  weather,  which  is  neither  raine  nor  mist, 
and  continued  with  us  sometimes  four  or  five  dayea 
together,  which  the  seamen  call  a  Heysey  weather, 
and  rises  to  such  a  height,  as  though  the  sunne- 
shine  out  bright,  yet  we  cannot  see  his  body,  till 
nine  a  clock  in  the  morning,  nor  after  three  in  the 
afternoone.  And  we  see  the  skie  over  our  heads 
cleare  :  a  close  and  very  unhealthull  [sic]  weather, 
and  no  pleasure  at  all  in  it."— 'Barbadoes'  (1657), 
27. 

Among  the  material  for  the  '  New  English- 
Dictionary  '  (vainly  searched  on  my  behalf 
by  Sir  J.  Murray's  kindness)  lies  a  quotation 
from  one  of  the  earlier  logs  in  Hakluyt, 
in  which  "  hawsey  "  appears  clearly  as  a 
substantive,  preceded  by  the  indefinite 


*  1625,  '  Impeachm.  Dk.  Buckhm.'  (Camden),  9 : 
"The  weather  beeing  thicke  and  hawsey.  the 
winde  highe  and  in  our  teethe,  wee  were  forced 
backe  into  Plymouthe." 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


article.  It  will  no  doubt  reappear  in  time 
to  be  included  in  the  Supplement :  possibly 
ear\ier,  as  I  have  an  impression  that  I 
mar  ked  it  as  an  instance  also  of  some  word 
beginning  with  t.  If  one  of  your  readers 
incline  to  treat  Hakluyt  with  such  close 
and  acute  examination  as  MB.  DORMER 
(9  S.  xi.  142,  163)  gave  to  the  '  Paston 
Letters,'  he  will  find  this,  along  with  many 
other  desirable  additions  to  the  '  N.E.D.' 

But  what  is  the  meaning  of  "  hawsey  "  ? 
I  venture  to  suggest  it  is  merely  the 
Scottish  and  Northern  "  haw,"  "  of  a  dull 
leaden  hue"  ('  N.E.D.')  +  "  sey,"  the  Scot- 
tish and  Northern  form  of  "  sea."  Henryson 
in  the  Testament  of  Cresseid  '  writes  (257) 
of  the  lady  Cynthia  that  she  was 

Of  colour  blak,  buskit  with  hornis  twa, 
And  in  the  nicht  sho  liste  best  appeir, 
Haw  as  the  leid,  of  colour  na-thing  cleir. 
Douglas     in     1513     describes     ('^Eneis,' 
VI.  [1553]  118)  how  Charon, 

His  wattry  hewit  bote,  haw  as  the  se, 
Towart  thame  turnis,  and  addressis  he, 
And  gan  approch,  vnto  the  bra  in  haist. 

It  is  perhaps  hardly  too  bold  to  surmise 
that  at  this  time  the  word  "  hawsey  "  was 
already  used  attributively  or  as  a  quasi- 
adjective.  The  third  book  of  the  '  ^Eneid  ' 
(62-5)  describes  the  funeral  rites  of  Poly- 
dorus  : — 

Instauramus  Polydoro  funus,  et  ingens 
Aggeritur  tumulo  tellus  ;  stant  manibus  arse 
Cseruleis  msestse  vittis  atraque  cupresso, 
Et  circum  Iliades  crinem  de  more  solutse. 

Reference  to  the  *  Thesaurus  Linguae  Latinse ' 
under  cceruleus  will  exhibit,  not  only  a  great 
number  of  instances  in  which  that  word 
means  "  dark,"  but  also  a  note  by  Servius* 
on  this  very  passage,  enforcing  the  same 
idea.  Douglas  translates  : — 

Syne,  in  ramembrance  of  the  sawlis  went, 
The  dolorus  altaris  fast  by  war  vpstent, 
Crownyt  with  garlandis  al  of  haw  sey  hewis, 
And  with  the  blaiknit  cypres  dedly  bewis. 
Gale's  MSS.  0.3.12,  of  about  1525  :  Banna- 

tyne  Club  edition  (1839),  i.  129. 
The  Elphynstoun  MS.,  written  before 
1527,  and  edited  by  John  Small  ('The 
Poetical  Works  of  Gavin  Douglas,'  4  vols., 
1874)  reads  "  haw  see  hewis."  Possibly 
the  custodians  of  these  MSS.  would  have 
the  great  kindness  to  ascertain  whether 
haw  sey  "  is  in  fact  written  as  one  word 
or  as  two. 

It  seems  improbable  that  the  Low  German 
hase  in  the  sense  of  mist  should  be  represented 
by  the  English  haze.  I  should  look  for  it 

*  "  Veteres  sane  cseruleura  nigrum  accipiebant  in 


rather  in  the  Northern  and  Eastern  "  haar," 
which,  so  far  as  shown  by  the  N.E.D./ 
appears  first  in  the  preface  to  Dugdale's 
'  History  of  Embanking,'  published  in  1662  : 
"  The  air  being. . .  .cloudy,  gross,  and  full  of 
rotten  harrs."  Q.  V. 


DODSLEY'S  FAMOUS  COLLECTION  OF 
POETRY. 

(See  10  S.  vi.  361,  402  ;  vii.  3,  82,  284,  404, 
442  ;  viii.  124,  183,  384,  442  ;  ix.  3,  184, 
323,  463.) 

JOHN  PRYNNE  PARSES  PIXEI/L  (10  S.  ix. 
464)  was  the  author  of  "A  Collection  of 
Songs  with  their  Recitatives  and  Sym- 
phonies for  the  German  Flute,  Violins,  &c., 
with  a  Thoroughbass  for  the  Harpsichord, 
set  to  Musick  by  Mr.  Pixell,"  which  was 
published  at  Birmingham  from  Baskerville's 
type  in  1759.  Shenstone  subscribed  for 
six  sets,  and  the  musical  setting  of  the  piece 
entitled  '  The  Invitation  to  the  Redbreast r 
was  inscribed  to  him. 

A  second  collection,  entitled  "  Odes, 
Cantatas,  Songs,  &c.,  Divine,  Moral,  Enter- 
taining, set  to  music  by  Mr.  Pixell :  Opera 
Seconda,"  was  printed  at  Birmingham  in 
1775. 

John  Nourse  wrote  in  1741  a  poem  entitled 
'  Ut  Pictura  Poesis,'  which  is  printed  in 
vol.  v.  pp.  93-5. 

Nourse  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  Nourse, 
gentleman,  of  Lower  Weston  in  the  parish 
of  Weston-sub-Penyard,  Herefordshire,  who 
married  in  1721  Elizabeth,  the  only  daughter 
of  William  Gregory  of  Hill  House,  Woolhope. 
He  was  baptized  in  January,  1722,  and 
matriculated  from  Balliol  College,  Oxford, 
on  10  Oct.,  1739,  when  aged  seventeen. 
He  was  elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls  College, 
Oxford,  in  1743,  and  took  the  degree  of 
B.C.L.  in  1751.  He  was  buried  at  Weston- 
sub-Penyard  on  18  Sept.,  1751.  He  being 
a  bachelor,  the  family  estate  passed  to  his 
next  brother.  A  pedigree  of  the  family 
is  in  W.  H.  Cooke's  continuation  of  Dun- 
cumb's  *  Herefordshire,'  iii.  213.  The  dates 
of  baptism  and  burial  have  been  given  to 
me  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Burchett  Hawk- 
shaw,  Rector  of  the  parish. 

Verses  on  "  Malvern  Spa,  1757,  inscribed 
to  Dr.  Wall,"  which  are  inserted  in  vol.  v. 
pp.  84-7,  were  the  composition  of  the  Rev. 
John  Perry,  another  of  Shenstone's  friends, 
and  were  sent  through  him.  Dodsley  wrote 
on  11  Jan.,  1757,  to  Perry  that  he  had 
collected  "  near  forty  pounds  in  consequence 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  A™,  s,  im. 


of    his    advertisement,"    and    he    thankee 

Shenstone  on  11  April  for  sending  him  this 

poem  (B.M.  Add.  MS.  28959). 

Perry  was   the  son  of  Daniel   Perry   o 

Pattingham,  co.  Stafford,  where  he  was 
He  matriculated  from 
Oxford,  on  14  Nov. 


about    1713. 
Pembroke    College 


1731,  aged  eighteen,  and  a  year  later  Shen 
stone  entered  it.  He  took  the  degree  o: 
B.A.  in  1736,  and  in  1737  was  inducted  to 
the  vicarage  of  Clent,  then  in  the  county  o] 
Worcester,  but  now  in  that  of  Stafford 
He  died,  being  still  the  vicar  of  that  parish 
on  14  Sept.,  1780,  and  was  buried  there. 
On  his  appointment  to  the  living  he  married 
Agnes  Margareta,  daughter  of  Walter  Little- 
ton of  Lichfield,  and  a  connexion  of  the 
Talbot  family.  They  had  eleven  children, 
one  of  whom,  Littleton  Perry,  succeeded 
to  the  living,  but  did  not  enjoy  a  good 
reputation  as  a  parish  clergyman.  A  con- 
temporary account  calls  the  Rev.  John  Perry 
""Christian,  scholar,  poet,  and  divine"  (Amph- 
lett,  'Clent,'  pp.  147-60;  Simms,  'Bibliotheca 
Staffs,'  p.  357  ;  Foster,  '  Alumni  Oxon.'). 

The  Rev.  Charles  Parrott  contributed 
poems  to  vol.  iv.  296-302,  and  vi.  135-8. 
The  first  set  was  sent  through  Shenstone. 
The  last  piece,  '  Ode  to  Cupid  on  Valentine's 
Day,'  is  reprinted  in  Dr.  John  Aikin's 
'  Vocal  Poetry,'  pp.  105-6. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Parrott,  his  father,  a 
member  of  the  Huntingdonshire  branch  of 
the  family  of  Perrot  or  Parrott,  belonged 
to  Holywell  in  Hampshire,  and  married 
Catharine  or  Arabella  Halford,  daughter 
of  Sir  William  Halford.  Charles  was  bap- 
tized at  St.  Alphage,  London,  on  23  Sept., 
1713  ;  became  scholar  at  Winchester  College, 
.as  founder's  kin  through  his  mother,  in  1728, 
and  matriculated  from  New  College,  Oxford, 
on  25  Oct.,  1732,  when  his  age  was  given 
as  eighteen.  He  was  a  Fellow  from  1732 
to  1757,  and  took  the  degree  of  B.C.L. 
on  16  April,  1740. 

Parrott  was  instituted  to  the  vicarage 
of  Heckfield,  Hants,  on  21  Jan.,  1752/3, 
and  resigned  it  in  1757  for  the  rectory  of 
Saham  Tony  in  Norfolk,  both  of  them  being 
in  the  gift  of  New  College.  On  the  death  in 
1764  of  his  relative  the  Rev.  John  Gary  or 
Carey,  Rector  of  Wootton,  near  Woodstock, 
he  came  into  the  possession  of  considerable 
property.  He  married  Maria,  daughter  of 
Robert  Francis  of  Norwich,  and  died  on 
12  Feb.,  1787.  A  memorial  tablet  in  Latin 
to  him  is  in  the  chancel  of  Saham  Tony 
•Church.  It  gives  his  age  as  seventy- two. 
He  left  no  issue. 


Parrott  was  possessed  of  ample  means 
and  was  very  charitable  in  disposition. 
He  restored  the  eastern  portion  of  Saham 
Tony  Church  ;  rebuilt  the  parsonage  house, 
which  had  almost  fallen  to  pieces  through 
age  ;  adorned  its  gardens  ;  and  left  to  the 
living  certain  land,  the  possession  of  which 
would  be  useful  to  his  successors.  His  will 
was  dated  in  1785.  Under  it  he  gave  2,0007. 
for  the  purchase  of  land  for  the  Warden  of 
New  College,  1,300Z.  for  the  benefit  of 
widows  in  the  almshouse  at  Marshfield, 
and  2,711Z.  9s.  Id.  India  annuities  to  provide 
for  a  schoolmaster  and  the  education  and 
apprenticing  of  twelve  poor  boys  at  Wootton. 
The  last  sum  was  bequeathed  "  agreeable 
to  the  late  Mrs.  Carey's  wishes." 

He  was  the  author  of  two  papers  in  The 
World  :  No.  38,  in  ridicule  of  an  expensive 
taste  in  furniture  ;  and  No.  74,  on  the 
night  life  of  London,  with  the  '  Ode  to 
Night '  which  is  reproduced  in  Dodsley. 
(Kirby,  '  Winchester  Scholars  '  ;  Barnwell, 
'  Perrot  Notes,'  p.  130  ;  information  from  the 
Rev.  Hastings  Rashdall  of  New  College, 
the  Rev.  F.  R.  Marriott  of  Wootton,  and 
Mr.  D.  Edgar  Rodwell  of  100,  Philbeach 


Gardens,    S.W.). 


W.  P.  COURTNEY. 


THE  LATE  SIB  W.  R.  CREMER,  M.P. — In 
The  Daily  Telegraph  of  23  July  there  is  a 
Diographical  notice  of  this  gentleman,  in 
which  the  following  paragraph  occurs  : — 

"  He  was  born  in  Fareham,  Hampshire,  and,  it  is 
jelieved,  was,  as  the  name  indicates,  of  German,  or 
Alsatian  descent." 

Whether  the  name  indicates  a  foreign 
descent  or  not,  and  apart  from  any  special 
knowledge  which  the  writer  may  have 
jossessed,  it  may  be  said  to  be  doubtful 
f  the  late  member  of  Parliament  was  of 
uch  recent  foreign  extraction  as  this  para- 
graph seems  to  suggest. 

The  name  Cremer,   even  if  it  has  a  re- 
notely    foreign    origin,     has     surely    been 
laturalized  by  some  hundreds  of  years  of 
ise.     For    instance,    a   manorial    family    of 
that    name,    bearing    the    alias    of    Skryme, 
was  seated  at  Snettisham  in  Norfolk  before 
1600,  and  members  of  it  owned  considerable 
land  in  that  neighbourhood.     John  Cremer, 
alias  Skryme,  died  in  1611,  leaving  a  large 
DONALD  LIVETT. 


family  of  sons. 
2,  Essex  Court,  Temple. 

JOHN  SHAKESPEARE,  BITMAKEB. — In  a 
mutilated  document  headed  "  The  Seuerall 
acquittances  of  the  tradesmen  artificers .... 
necessaries  for  his  Highnes'  seruice  and 
Journay  into  Spain ....  thousand  and  four- 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


teene  pounds  eleauen  shillings  and ....  tres 
of  priuie  seale  and  Schedule  thereunto 
annexed,  bearing.  ..."  occurs  (among  a  list 
of  twenty-five  tradesmen  whose  bills 
amounted  in  all  to  9,014Z.)  the  entry  : 
"  John  Shakespeare,  Bitmaker,  261.  13s." 
The  largest  amount  was  that  of  John  Shepley 
"  Imbroderer,"  1,979Z.  12s.  2d.  A  discount 
of  about  5  per  cent  was  in  most  cases 
deducted  from  every  account,  and  the 
"  acquittance "  (the  signature  of  each  of 
the  recipients)  was  affixed  in  the  last  column 
of  the  document  as  an  acknowledgment  of 
the  receipt  of  the  amount.  It  would  have 
been  interesting  to  find  that  of  John  Shake- 
speare, but  that  and  many  others  are 
wanting. 

The  document  is  evidently  a  waif  derived 
from  the  mass  of  Exchequer  papers  stored 
about  1790  in  a  vault  in  Somerset  House, 
rejected  as  valueless  by  the  ignorant  chief 
clerk  in  the  Comptroller's  Office,  and  sold  to 
a  waste-paper  dealer  at  31.  per  ton.  The 
collectors  of  those  days  who  got  wind  of  the 
transaction  rescued,  I  believe,  many  valuable 
papers  from  destruction  ;  but  after  the  fatal 
blunder  was  bruited  about  and  had  become 
a  public  scandal,  means  were  actually  taken 
to  destroy  the  value  of  the  remnant  by 
systematically  tearing  off  portions  of  each 
as  they  were  taken  from  the  heap,  and  to 
this  atrocious  treatment  must,  I  am  con- 
fident, be  laid  the  stripping-off  of  one  corner 
of  the  leaves  of  the  present  document,  in 
which  the  autograph  signature  of  John 
Shakespeare,  among  many  others,  was 
contained. 

The  warrant  of  Privy  Seal  was  dated 
23  March,  1623,  but  the  goods  must,  it 
would  seem,  have  been  ordered  by  Charles 
and  Buckingham,  unknown  to  James,  for 
some  considerable  time  before  17  February, 
when  "  Tom  and  John  Smith  "  set  off  on 
their  romantic  journey  from  Newhall. 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

[A  paper  giving  many  quotations  from  accounts 
of  John  Shakespeare,  bitmaker,  appeared  in  The 
Athenceum  of  16  May  last,  from  the  pen  of  Mrs. 
C.  C.  Stopes,  the  well-known  Shakespearian  autho- 
rity.] 

MCDONALD  AND  McPlKE  FAMILIES.       (See 

10  S.  ii.  467.)— In  the  '  Index  to  Prerogative 
Wills  of  Ireland,  1536-1810,'  by  Sir  Arthur 
Vicars,  F.S.A.  (Dublin,  1897),  occur  these 
three  items  : — 

P.  302,  1790,  McDonald,  Edmond. 

P.  308,  1790,  M'Peake,  Neale,  the  elder, 
Ardnagross,  co.  Antrim. 

P.  377,  1801,  Pike,  Wright,  Dublin  city, 
merchant. 


The  surname  McPike  appears  several 
times  (circa  1780)  in  the  series  entitled 
'  Pennsylvania  Archives,'  and  a  list  of 
those  references  was  printed  in  The  Celtic 
Monthly,  Glasgow  (1906),  vol.  xiv.  p.  170. 
Efforts  to  trace  that  patronymic  to  the  Old 
World,  however,  have  been  unsuccessful  ; 
but  a  letter  dated  3  May,  1907,  from  Mr. 
Edward  McPike  of  Mako  Point,  Awhitu, 
Auckland,  New  Zealand,  addressed  to  me, 
contains  these  remarks  : — 

"  My  father's  name  was  James  McPike.    He  died 

two  years  ago I  have  often  heard  my  father  say 

that  he  never  heard  of  any  McPikes  but  his  rela- 
tions  My  father  came    to  New    Zealand  from 

Belfast,  Ireland,  about  sixty  years  ago." 

It  is  to  be  supposed,  therefore,  that  from 
the  records  of  Belfast  one  might  recover 
some  genealogical  facts  pertaining  to  the- 
McPike  family  before  1847,  and  possibly 
before  1772,  which  is  the  date  of  greater 
interest  to  me.  I  should  be  glad  to  have 
the  address  of  a  local  historian  in  Belfast. 

The  name  McPike  or  McPeake,  with  allied 
spellings   thereof,    has   also   been   discussed 
somewhat    in    Scottish    Notes    and    Queries, 
Aberdeen,  Second  Series,  vols.  vi.  and  vii. 
EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 

1,  Park  Row,  Chicago. 

"  EVERGLADE  "  :  ITS  DERIVATION. — Con- 
cerning this  word  the  '  N.E.D.  remarks : 
"  The  formation  is  irregular,  and  the  in- 
tended etymological  sense  uncertain  ;  per- 
haps '  ever  '  was  used  to  mean  « intermin- 
able '  "  ;  while  the  '  Century  Dictionary  ' 
has  no  suggestion  whatever  to  offer  as  to  its 
derivation.  It  is  specifically  applied  to  a 
wide  expanse  of  marshland,  the  Everglades- 
of  Southern  Florida,  efforts  to  reclaim  which 
for  cultivation  are,  it  is  said,  about  to  be 
made. 

The  'N.E.D.'  gives  in  full  the  history  of 
"  glade,"  an  open  space  in  a  forest,  which 
it  connects  with  Swed.  gladas,  the  setting  of 
the  sun ;  with  Eng.  glad,  probably  from 
Germ,  glatt,  smooth  ;  and  with  M.E.  glode, 
a  place  free  from  brushwood.  It  is  the 
prefix  "  ever  "  that  is  the  stumbling-block. 
Recollecting  Grimm's  derivation  of  Germ. 
Aberglaube,  superstition,  from  a  previously 
existing  word  Ueberglaube  by  modification, 
I  lately  suggested  in  the  New  York  Evening 
Post,  in  reply  to  a  question  on  the  subject, 
that  in  "  everglade  "  the  initial  vowel  had 
been  modified  from  overglade,  the  sense  of 
the  prefix  evidently  denoting  extension, 
as  in  "  overgrowth,"  and  in  the  Elizabethan 
verbs  "  to  oversnow  "  and  "  to  overgrass." 
The  following  quotation  from  Spenser's 
'  Shepheard's  Calendar '  seems  to  confirm 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  MOB. 


this   etymology,   which   so   far   has   passed 

unchallenged  : — 

For  theyjbene  like  foule  wagmoires  [quagmires] 

overgrast, 

That  if  thy  galage  [galosh]  once  sticketh  fast, 
The  more  to  wind  it  out  thou  doest  swinck  [strive], 
Thou  mought  ay  deeper  and  deeper  sinck. 

N.  W.  HILL. 
New  York. 

NAVAL  VOLUNTEERS  IN  1795.— The  ad- 
dress issued  by  the  Commissioners  in  1795, 
calling  on  seamen  to  join  the  King's  fleet, 
is  hung  up  in  the  Municipal  Buildings  at 
Boston,  Lincolnshire  ;  but  as  it  is  fast 
becoming  illegible,  I  subjoin  a  copy,  in  order 
that  this  interesting  document  of  the  past 
may  not  be  lost. 

Jolly  tars  are  our  men. 

British  guineas, 
Complete  cloathing, 
French  prize  money, 

and 

Promotion  by  merit. 

Wanted  for  the  Port  of  Boston  in  the  County  of 
Lincoln  a  number  of  spirited  young  men  to  serve 
their  King  and  Country  in  His  Majesty's  Fleets. 

During  the  War  only. 

Such  brave  fellows,  whose  hearts  glow  with 
ardour  to  protect  this  their  happy  country  from 
invasion  by  the  French  or  any  other  Foreign  enemy 
and  gain  to  themselves  immortal  honour,  will  be 
entitled  to  the  following  large  bounties  on  entering 
into  His  Majesty's  Sea  Service,  viz.  :— 

If  an  able  seaman,  including  the  King's  bounty, 
31 L.  5s. 

If  an  ordinary  seaman,  including  ditto,  23L.  10s. 

If  an  able-bodied  landman,  including  ditto, 
17L.  5s. 

Over  and  above  which  the  Corporation  of  Boston 
and  the  merchants  and  shipowners  of  that  Port,  as 
a  further  encouragement,  will  present  the  gallant 
volunteers  with  jackets,  trousers,  shirts,  hat,  and 
silk  handkerchiefs  fit  for  that  noble  character. 

Brave  and  generous  British  Tar, 
Repair   immediately    to    Henry    Parker    at    the 
Golden  Lion,  High  Street,  Boston. 
By  order. 

John  Waite, 

Clerk  to  the  Commissioners. 
April  6,  1795. 

God  Save  the  King. 

I,  lieutenant  James  Symons,  of  His  Majesty's 
Royal  Navy,  regulating  officer  on  the  impress 
service  at  Boston,  in  pursuance  of  orders  from  the 
Admiralty  Board,  do  hereby  pledge  myself  not  to 
impress,  molest,  or  anywise  disturb  any  person 
coming  to  this  port  for  the  purpose  of  entering  as  a 
Volunteer  in  the  sea  service,  or  in  departing  from 
hence  in  case  such  person  cannot  agree  with  the 
Commissioners  for  the  bounty. 

Witness  my  hand. 

James  Symons. 

G.  S.  B. 


"  HAME-REIN."— At  the  foot  of  a  hill 
leading  from  Blackrock,  near  Brighton, 
to  Rottingdean  is  a  board  with  the  inscrip- 
tion :  "  Please  slacken  hame-rein  on  going 
uphill."  Hame,  I  learn  from  the  dictionary, 
is  "  the  curved  piece  of  wood  or  metal  by 
which  the  traces  and  body-harness  of  a 
horse  are  attached  to  the  collar "  ;  but 
hame-rein  is  new  to  me,  and  I  do  not  find 
it  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  JOHN  HEBB. 

FIRST  DUBLIN  PBINTEB. — In  The  Weekly 
Irish  Times  of  27  June  I  notice  a  report  of  a 
paper  read  on  the  previous  Monday,  at  a 
general  meeting  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy, 
by  Mr.  E.  R.  M'C.  Dix.  I  do  not  know  if  the 
subject  of  his  discourse  has  been  already 
discussed  in  the  press  : — 

"  Humphrey  Powell,  the  first  Dublin  printer. 

came  over  to  Dublin  about  1550.  He  was  aided 

by  a  small  grant  from  the  Government  of  the  time. 
Very  little  of  his  printing  is  now  extant— nothing 
but  a  folio  edition  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
two  proclamations,  and  a  little  pamphlet  entitled 
'  Brief  Articles  of  Religion.'  The  type  he  used  con- 
sisted almost  entirely  of  black  letters,  with  some 
italic  types.  Powell  had  been  a  member  of  the 
London  Company  of  Stationers,  and  before  he  came 
to  Ireland  he  printed  in  London.  Nothing  is  known 
of  his  death  or  of  .what  became  of  him." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

"CREMITT"  MONEY.  (See  8  S.  ix.  348,  397  ; 
x.  264  ;  9  S.  v.  254.) — At  the  second  of 
these  references  J.  T.  F.  seems  to  expect 
that  "  cremitt "  will  receive  some  further 
elucidation.  I  think  it  does  so  in  '  Some 
Early  Civic  Wills  of  York,'  a  paper  read  by 
Mr.  R.  Beilby  Cooke  before  the  Yorkshire 
Architectural  Society,  and  printed  in  '  Asso- 
ciated Societies'  Reports  and  Papers,' 
vol.  xxviii.  part  2,  pp.  827-71. 

In  1385  John  de  Gysburne  bequeaths  to 
the  "  Anacorite  "  of  Bolton  six  and  eight- 
pence  : — 

"  Item  Anacorite  de  Hundegate  &  anac.  de  Lay- 
thorpbrig  et  anac.  de  Bissophyll  quadrag.  solid, 
p'  equales  porciones  inter  easdem  dividend.  Item 
lego  les  Cremetes  hospital'  Sci  Lepnardi  Ebor  decem 
libras  argent,  inter  eosdem  equaliter  dividend." 

John  de  Gysburne' s  widow  in  1407  leaves 
40s.  "  paup'ibz  infirmaria  hospital'  Sci  Leo- 
nardi." 

Again,  Robert  de  Howm  (1396)  devoted 
100  marks  to  the  brothers  of  St.  Leonard's 
Hospital,  on  the  condition  of  an  annual 
celebration  of  his  obit  ;  he  left  every  sister 
of  the  said  hospital  6s.  8d.,  and  to  each 
cremate  thereof  20d.  ;  besides  which  he 
remembered  every  anchorite  and  recluse  in 
the  city  of  York.  Among  the  legacies  of 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


Thomas  de  Howom  (sic)  in  1406  was,  "  Item 
lego  cuilibet  lecto  domus  Infirmarie  hospital' 
Sci  Leonard!  Ebor  Id." 

I  think  it  is  almost  certain  that  a 
"  cremitt "  was  not  a  hermit.  Was  it  an 
invalid— or  a  bed  ?  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Z  :  NAME  OF  THE  LETTER. — This  letter, 
•called  zed  in  England,  is  almost  uniformly 
called  zee  in  the  United  States,  and  I  think 
this  nomenclature  is  of  long  standing. 
The  curious  name  izzard  does  not  seem  to  be 
more  than  two  centuries  old :  see  the 
'N.E.D.'  which  notes  that  Dr.  Johnson 
(1755)  gives  "zed,  more  commonly  izzard 
or  uzzard,  that  is  s  hard"  One  may  perhaps 
put  a  query  after  the  derivation. 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  alfax  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

ROMAN  INSCRIPTION  AT  BAVENO. — A  short 
time  ago  (10  S.  ix.  352)  I  drew  attention  to 
an  altar-slab  bearing  a  Roman  inscription 
which  was  inserted  in  the  wall  of  a  shed 
attached  to  the  church  of  San  Stefano  at 
Pallanza  on  Lago  Maggiore.  Another  very 
ancient  slab  has  been  built  into  the  north 
wall  of  the  parish  church  in  the  neighbouring 
town  of  Baveno.  The  inscription  is  quite 
illegible,  but  the  following  lines,  which 
purport  to  be  a  copy,  have  been  incised  upon 
a  larger  stone,  which  has  been  inserted  in 
the  wall  beneath  the  original : — 

TR.  OPTIMVS 
TI.  CLAVDII  C^S. 

AVGVSTI 
GERMANIC.   SER. 
DARIJE  ET  DIANAS 

MEMORISE 
ET  TARPEI^E  SACRVM 

RENOVAT. 

ANNO 
MDCCLXXXV. 

On  the  domed  ceiling  of  the  porch  the  follow- 
ing lines,  which  seem  to  be  an  explanatory 
gloss  on  the  inscription,  have  been  painted 
in  ordinary  Roman  script : — 

Historise  Cultor  quisquis  es 
Crede  Templum  hocce 

A  Trophimo 

Ti.  Claudij  Caesaris  Augusti 
Germanic.  Serv.  Darinidiano 

Memoriae  Conditum, 

Anno  Christi  LXXVIII. 

Baveni  antiquitatem  demiratua 

Eius  Incolas  Reverere. 


Trophimus,  a  slave  or  freedman  of  the 
Emperor  Claudius,  is  supposed  to  have 
founded  the  temple  on  the  site  of  which  the 
church  of  Baveno— popularly  regarded  as 
the  oldest  on  Lago  Maggiore — was  sub- 
sequently built.  The  emperor  died  in 
A.D.  54,  and  if  the  date  which  is  recorded 
in  the  later  inscription,  and  for  which  no 
authority  is  given,  is  correct,  the  temple 
must  have  been  built  twenty-four  years 
after  his  death.  The  first  line  of  the  Latin 
inscription  should  doubtless  read  TROPHIMO, 
but  I  am  puzzled  with  regard  to  the  dedi- 
cation, which  in  the  slab  appears  as  "  Darise 
et  Dianse,"  and  in  the  gloss  as  "  Darinidiano." 
Perhaps  PROF.  BENSLY,  or  some  other  of 
the  learned  correspondents  of  *  N.  &  Q.' 
can  help  me  in  the  matter. 

The  Lake  of  Como  (Lacus  Larius)  is 
closely  associated  with  the  elder  and  the 
younger  Pliny.  I  should  be  glad  to  learn 
if  there  is  any  reference  in  classical  literature 
to  a  connexion  between  Lago  Maggiore 
(Lacus  Verbanus)  and  the  princes  of  the 
Claudian  line.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

POPE'S  SHAKESPEARE  QUARTO. — Pope,  in 
the  Preface  to  his  edition  of  the  '  Works  of 
Shakespeare.'  1725,  when  speaking  of  the 
Quartos  and  First  Folio,  says  that 
"  the  additions  of  trifling  and  bombast  passages  are 
in  this  edition  [First  Folio]  far  more  numerous.  For 
whatever  had  been  added,  since  those  Quartos,  by 
the  actors,  or  had  stolen  from  their  mouths  into  the 
written  parts,  were  from  thence  conveyed  into  the 
printed  text,  and  all  stand  charged  upon  the 

author And  /  have  seen  one  in  particular  (which 

seems  to  have  belonged  to  the  playhouse,  by  having 
the  parts  divided  into  lines,  and  the  actors'  names 
in  the  margin)  where  several  of  those  very  passages 
were  added  in  a  written  hand,  which  are  since  to 
be  found  in  the  Folio."— Pp.  xvi,  xvii. 

Has  this  "  one  in  particular  "  Quarto  seen 
by  Pope  been  identified  ?  If  so,  which  and 
where  is  it  ?  F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 

THE  GRAND  KHAIBAR. — I  am  particularly 
anxious  to  obtain  some  information  as  to 
the  origin  of  the  name,  and  the  status  of 
the  society,  convivial  or  otherwise,  so 
designated.  I  have  a  very  elaborate  in- 
vitation card,  designed  and  etched  by  George 
Bickham,  by  which,  in  174-,  a  member  is 
invited  to  meet  "  the  rest  of  the  Brethren." 
At  the  top  three  robed  male  figures  hold  a 
wreath  in  front  of  a  tree,  to  the  branches 
of  which  a  harp  is  suspended.  There  is  a 
medallion  on  either  side,  on  one  of  which 
is  a  palm  tree  with  the  word  "  Khaibar." 
Below  two  females  are  pouring  libations 
into  a  large  cup  supported  by  Cupids.  In 
1726  George  Roberts  published  an  'LOde  to 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  im 


the  Grand  Khaibar  '  (9  pp.  folio),  throwing 
ridicule  on  the  Freemasons  and  their  lodges. 
The  last  verse  runs  thus  : — 

The  Craftsmen's  Honours  Treasures  are 

Of  Fairies,  lost  as  soon  as  shown. 

Let  the  Grand  Khaibar,  happier  far, 

Improve  and  shine  by  being  known. 

You  who  in  Friendship  dear  delight, 

Tuneful  in  Chorus  all  unite 

T'immortalize  the  Khaibarite. 

A.  M.  BROADLEY. 
The  Knapp,  Bradpole,  Bridport. 

BARBARA  VILLIERS,  DUCHESS  OF  CLEVE- 
LAND.— In  the  Women's  Section  of  the 
Franco-British  Exhibition,  Enclosure  II., 
and  No.  55  in  the  Catalogue,  is  a  portrait 
described  as  "  Barbara  Villiers,  Duchess  of 
Cleveland,  1641-1709,  daughter  of  2nd 
Viscount  Grandison.  After  Sir  Peter  Lely." 
This  portrait  is  so  unlike  any  other  of  this 
celebrated  character  that  it  may  well  be 
asked  if  the  sweet,  chaste-looking  lady  de- 
picted in  this  picture  can  really  be  the 
notorious  Lady  Castlemaine.  As  this  pic- 
ture is  stated  to  be  a  copy,  where  is  now  the 
original  by  Sir  Peter  Lely  ?  I  pause  for  a 
reply.  CROSS-CROSSLET. 

HULBERT'S  PROVIDENCE  PRESS,  SHREWS- 
BURY.— Can  any  correspondent  inform  me 
which  numbers  of  The  Salopian  Magazine 
included  prints  from  the  worn  plates  (with 
altered  titles)  of  Rye  House  and  Pans- 
hanger  which  appeared — the  former  in 
January,  1805  ;  the  latter  in  December, 
1809 — in  The  European  Magazine  ? 

B.  H.  GOSSELIN-LEFEBVRE. 

Bengeo  Lodge,  Hertford. 

ST.  MARTHA. — The  usual  attributes  of 
this  saint  are  a  holy-water  vessel  and  an 
asperge  ;  but  Mrs.  Jameson  points  out  that 
in  the  character  of  patroness  of  female 
discretion  and  good  housekeeping, 
"  she  is  often  represented  with  a  skimmer  or  ladle 
in  her  hand,  or  a  large  bunch  of  keys  is  attached  to 
her  girdle.  For  example,  in  a  beautiful  old  German 
altarpiece  attributed  to  Albert  Diirer,*  she  is  stand- 
ing in  a  magnificent  dress,  a  jewelled  turban,  and 
holding  a  well-known  implement  of  cookery  in  her 
hand.  In  a  missal  of  Henry  VIII.  f  she  is  repre- 
sented with  the  same  utensil,  and  her  name  is 
inscribed  beneath."— 'Sacred  and  Legendary  Art,' 
vol.  i.  pp.  382,  383. 

This  account  leaves  something  to  be 
desired.  What  is  the  implement  or  utensil  ? 
Is  it  a  saucepan,  a  frying-pan,  colander, 
rolling-pin,  grater,  or  what  ?  I  have  had 
my  eye  on  St.  Martha  for  some  time,  but 
have  not  noted  her  with  any  such  accessory. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 


Queen's  Gal."     f  "  Bodleian  MSS.  Oxford.' 


AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — I 
knew  the  references  for  the  following  some 
twenty-five  years  ago,  but  have  quite  for- 
gotten them  now  : — 

1.  "  Attend  when  thou  canst  the  funerals  of  thy 
neighbours." 

2.  "Away  with  the  fonts  in  our  churches." 

I  fancy  some  bishop  (Bull  ?)  was  credited 
with  the  latter,  in  sarcastic  allusion  to  the 
private  baptism  of  infants. 

If  readers  can  help  me  to  trace  these,  I 
shall  be  very  grateful. 

G.  H.  R.  FLETCHER.  LL.D.,  Vicar. 

Brenzett,  New  Romney,  Kent. 

Who  was  the  author  of  "  Sufficit  huic 
tumulus  cui  non  suffecerat  orbis,"  and  to 
whom  does  it  relate  ?  K.  P.  D.  E. 

Ampliat  eetatis  spatium  sibi  vir  bonus  :  hoc  est 

Vivere  bis,  vita  posse  priore  frui. 
Aristotle  has  a  similar  sentiment  in  '  Ethics,* 
ix.  4.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

[Martial,  x.  23,  5.  See  King's  'Classical  arid 
Foreign  Quotations,'  1904,  No.  1814.] 

The  following  lines 

Then  Old  Age  and  Experience,  hand  in  hand, 
Lead  him  to  Death,  and  make  him  understand, 
After  a  search  so  painful  and  so  long, 
That  all  his  life  he  has  been  in  the  wrong, 
are  quoted  from  an  English  poet  by  Goethe 
in  his   '  Autobiography  '    and  by   Schopen- 
hauer.    Who  was  the  author  ? 

J.  WILLCOCK. 
Lerwick. 

['Cassell's  Book  of  Quotations'  states  that  they 
occur  in  the  Earl  of  Rochester's  '  Satire  against 
Mankind.'] 

TARENTINE,  A  HERB.— What  vegetable 
is  referred  to  in  the  following  from  a  writer 
on  India  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century  ? 

"  Herbs  for  SaladingarePurslain,  Sorrel,  Lettice, 
Parsley,  Tarentine." 

"  BOCCA  MORTIS." — In  the  same  writer 
I  find :— 

"  Wherefore  to  ogle  a  Lady  in  a  Balcony  (if  a 
Person  of  Quality)  it  is  revenged  with  a  Bocca 
Mortis." 
What  is  a  "  Bocca  Mortis  "  ? 

"  HASTLE." — Here  is  a  third  difficulty  : 
"  The  Palaces  of  the  Potentates  are  built  mostly 
after  this  manner  :  Towards  the  street  appears  little 
or  no  Frontispiece,   more  than  the  Porch,  which 
makes  a  square  stately  Building,   arched  at  top, 
under  which  is  a  stately  Balcony,  open  on  every 
side,  over  the  Hastle,  which  compasses  neat  Apart- 
ments." 
I  cannot  find  "  hastle  "  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 

EMERITUS. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


BALZAC  AND  HEINE  :  A  COINCIDENCE. — 
Reading  once  more,  in  the  "  Everyman 
Library,"  a  translation  of  Balzac's  novel  of 
'  The  Chouans,'  I  came  across  a  saying : 
"  Men  are  like  medlars,  you  know — they 
ripen  best  in  straw."  This  evidently  struck 
Balzac,  as  he  repeats  it  later.  The  references 
are  on  p.  140  and  p.  172,  and  both  in  the 
enormously  long  section  (the  book  has  no 
chapters)  entitled  *  A  Notion  of  Fouche's.' 

Heine  in  the  first  volume  of  his  '  Reise- 
bilder,'  '  Ideen,'  chap,  xiv.,  has  a  passage 
comparing  the  luxuries  Horace  got  from 
Maecenas  in  his  day,  whereas  "  our  Mae- 
cenases have  quite  different  ideas  :  they 
think  authors  and  medlars  do  best,  when 
they  have  lain  in  straw  for  some  time." 

Balzac's  book  '  Les  Chouans,'  in  its 
original  form  *  Le  dernier  Chouan,'  first 
appeared,  says  Prof.  Saintsbury,  in  1829, 
but  "  its  subsequent  form,  with  the  actual 
title,  threw  the  composition  back  to  August, 
1827."  Heine's  book  bears  the  date  1826  ; 
so  the  two  are  pretty  near  together  in  date. 
Did  one  author  copy  from  the  other,  and 
did  both  use  a  phrase  due  to  some  anonymous 
wit  in  Parisian  circles  ?  I  lay  no  stress 
on  the  coincidence,  for  I  have  known  cases 
in  which  two  living  writers  evolved  an 
elaborate  saying  or  curious  piece  of  phrasing 
at  the  same  time,  and  independently  of 
each  other.  But  in  this  case  there  may  be 
an  earlier  proverbial  French  source  which 
some  reader  of  the  French  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
IS Intermtdiaire,  might  be  able  to  supply. 

NEL  MEZZO. 

SAMUEL  FOOTE,  COMEDIAN. — Can  your 
readers  clear  up  a  genealogical  point  for  me  ? 
I  want  to  know  precisely  how  Samuel  Foote, 
who  was  born,  1720,  at  Truro,  and  was 
(I  believe  third)  son  of  Samuel  Foote,  M.P. 
for  Tiverton  (floruit  1679-1754),  was  related 
to  the  Rev.  Francis  Hender  Foote,  who 
purchased  Charlton  Place,  near  Canterbury, 
in  1765.  Francis  Hender  Foote  was  first  a 
barrister,  and  was  son  of  Francis  Foote,  Esq., 
of  Veryan,  Cornwall. 

Charlton  Place  (or  Park,  as  it  has  long 
been  called)  was  my  home  in  boyhood, 
and  a  large,  incongruous  wing  was  then 
traditionally  said  to  have  been  built  by 
Foote  the  comedian  for  his  theatricals.  We 
used  the  large  room  for  a  drawing-room. 

Foote's  father  married  Eleanor  Dineley 
of  Charlton  House  near  here,  who  brought 
him  a  considerable  fortune.  My  own  pro- 
perty adjoins  the  old  Dineley  estate,  and 
there  is  a  tradition  that  Foote — which  one  ? 
— was  born  in  the  Manor  House  of  Sheriff's 


Lench,  which  now  belongs  to  me.  It  seems 
to  me  that  the  two  Foote  families — the 
Veryan  one  and  the  Truro  one,  both  Cornish 
— must  be  one  and  the*  same.  I  want  to  know 
the  certainties.  My  father  gave  up  Charlton 
Park  in  Kent  in  1854  or  1855,  and  died  in 
1873  ;  and  the  Manor  House  at  Sheriff's 
Lench  was  not  added  to  my  family  estate 
here  till  later  in  that  year,  and  I  find  it 
difficult  to  ascertain  the  verity  of  the  tradi- 
tions and  the  genealogical  points.  Answers 
direct  would  be  esteemed. 

(Rev.  Dr.)  W.  K.  W.  CHAFY. 
Rons  Lench  Court,  Rou8  Leiioh,  Evesham. 

"  MINISTEB  "  IN  EARLY  CHARTERS. — 
What  is  the  exact  meaning  of  "  Minister  " 
when  appended  to  the  names  of  witnesses 
in  royal  Anglo-Saxon  charters  ?  Does  it 
mean  that  those  using  it  were  officials  of 
State  or  Court,  or  that  they  held  rank  as 
thanes  ?  and  were  not  necessarily  in  the 
retinue  of  the  royal  grantor  ?  J.  H.  R. 

JOSEPH  BONAPARTE  IN  ENGLAND  :  BRET« 
TENHAM  PARK. — Where  did  Joseph  Bona- 
parte reside  during  the  time  that  he  lived 
in  England  ?  He  was  here  from  1832  to 
1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841.  The, 
Examiner  of  15  Oct.,  1837,  mentions  his 
residence  at  that  date  as  "  Brettenham 
Park."  Where  was  this  ?  F.  H.  C. 

[Brettenham  Park  is  in  the  parish  of  Brettenham, 
West  Suffolk.] 

DEATH  AFTER  LYING. — In  the  recently 
published  volume  of  essays  called  '  Anglican 
Liberalism '  (Williams  &  Norgate)  occurs 
this  passage  on  p.  37  : — 

"  In  one  of  our  county  towns  the  Market  Cross 
records  an  event  which  took  place  in  the  middle  of 
the  eighteenth  century — the  death  of  a  market 
woman  immediately  after  she  had  told  a  lie  in  the 
course  of  her  trading,  and  had  called  upon  God  to 
strike  her  dead  if  she  had  not  told  the  truth." 

Can  any  one  supply  the  name  of  the  town, 
and  date  ?  LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

[The  town  is  Devizes.] 

PICTURE  WITH  GAME  AND  ELEPHANT. — 
Has  a  picture  representing  a  man  seated, 
surrounded  by  game,  with  an  elephant  in 
the  background,  been  engraved  ?  It  is 
believed  to  be  the  portrait  of  the  Regent's 
friend  Sir  Alexander  Grant  of  Dalvey. 

M.  F.  H. 

DOG  NAMES. — In  Mr.  Stallybrass's  trans- 
lation of  Grimm's  '  Deutsche  Mythologie  ' 
(1880,  vol.  i.  p.  7)  there  is  a  note  in  which 
it  is  suggested  that  the  names  of  heathen 
deities  were  given  to  dogs,  after  the  North 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  A™.  «,  im 


had  become  Christian,  "  by  way  of  degrada- 
tion," and  several  examples  are  supplied. 
Has  further  research  confirmed  this  surmise  ? 

N.  M.  &  A. 

ATTOBNEY-GENERAL  TO  THE  QUEEN. — 
Laurence  Hyde,  an  uncle  of  the  Earl  of 
Clarendon's,  is  said  to  have  been  Attorney- 
General  to  the  Queen  of  James  I.  What  is 
meant  by  this  ?  What  duties  were  con- 
nected with  this  office  ?  When  was  it 
abolished  ?  J.  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick. 

FLEET  PRISON. — Is  there  any  book  con- 
taining a  history  of  this  in  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries  ?  The  documents 
at  the  Record  Office  do  not  seem  to  go  so  far 
back.  R.  S.  B. 


DON  SALTERO'S  TAVERN,    CHELSEA 
(10  S.  x.  67.) 

RECENT  research  has  shown  that  the 
place  of  the  original  coffee-house  of  "  Don  " 
Saltero  was  as  indicated  in  the  '  Book  of  the 
Chelsea  Historical  Pageant,'  though  the 
later  tavern,  of  which  the  curiosities  were 
sold  in  1799,  stood  in  Cheyne  Walk,  as  MB. 
TAVENOB-PEBBY  says.  Mr.  Randall  Davies, 
F.S.A.,  has  gone  thoroughly  into  the  matter  ; 
but  as  he  is  in  America  at  present,  I  am 
unable  to  give  the  authorities.  The  greatest 
care  was  taken  with  the  presentation  of 
local  history  in  the  Pageant,  the  general 
effect  being  borne  in  mind,  and  this  gives 
the  *  Pageant  Book  '  a  more  than  passing 
value.  J.  HENBY  QUINN, 

Hon.  Sec.  Historical  Committee, 
Chelsea  Pageant. 

Chelsea,  S.W. 

This  certainly  must  be  "  pageant  history," 
and  one  may  hope  that  the  occasion  presented 
for  the  use  of  such  an  expression  will  prove 
an  exception  to  the  rule  in  future  pageants. 
Danvers  Street  extends  from  78,  Cheyne 
Walk,  to  26,  Paulton's  Square,  whereas 
No.  18,  Cheyne  Walk,  the  site  of  Don  Sal- 
tero' s,  was  on  the  eastern  side  of  that  historic 
"  Walk  "  It  was  rebuilt  in  1867,  and  be- 
came the  residence  of  the  Hon.  Victoria 
Grosvenor.  There  is  a  photographic  illus- 
tration of  the  picturesque  spot,  as  it  was 
when  a  tavern,  in  Reginald  Blunt's  *  Illus- 
trated Handbook  of  Chelsea,'  1900,  p.  109. 
It  was,  however,  maintained  as  a  public- 
house  so  late  as  1870,  becoming  a  private 
dwelling  later. 


Felix  Calvert,  the  eminent  brewer,  shot 
himself  in  Don  Saltero's  Coffee-House, 
15  April,  1802.  Benjamin  Franklin  was 
among  its  distinguished  visitors,  and  he 
relates  in  his  *  Autobiography '  his  long 
swim  from  Chelsea  to  Blackfriars.  Both 
"  The  White  Horse  "  in  Church  Street  (still 
standing,  although  robbed  of  its  village 
aspect  in  rebuilding),  and  Don  Saltero's 
were  frequented  by  Sir  Richard  Steele. 
A  *  Catalogue  of  the  Rarities  at  Don  Sal- 
tero's Coffee-House  in  Chelsea '  was  pub- 
lished in  1740,  and  is  now  very  scarce. 

An  address  in  rime  by  Don  Saltero,  dated 
from  the  "  Chelsea  Knackatory,"  appeared 
in  The  Weekly  Journal  of  23  June,  1723. 
The  version  given  in  '  Old  and  New  London  ' 
will  be  found,  if  compared  with  the  original, 
to  contain  no  fewer  than  sixty-two  typo- 
graphical errors,  including  punctuation. 
No  reference  is  assigned  to  it,  but  it  is 
obviously  copied  from  the  ensuing  : — 

We  cannot  refuse  the  following  whimsical 
Epistle  concerning  the  Rarities  at  Salter's  Coffee- 
house at  Chelsea,  but  as  we  have  not  yet  seen  them, 
we  shall  defer  giving  any  other  Account  to  our 
Readers,  but  refer  them  to  the  Letter ;  however  we 
order  Don  Saltero  to  attend  us  in  his  Knackatory 
next  Wednesday,  at  One  in  the  Afternoon,  for  our 
better  Information. 

SIR, 
Fifty  Years  since  to  Chelsea  great, 

From  Bodman  on  the  Irish  Main, 
I  strol'd,  with  Maggots  in  my  Pate, 

Where,  much  improv'd  they  still  remain. 
Through  various  Employ  I  've  past ; 

A  Scraper,  Vertuos'-Projector, 
Tooth-Drawer,  Trimmer,  and,  a(t)last, 

I  'm  now  a  Gimcrack  Whim  Collector. 
Monsters  of  all  Sorts,  here  are  seen, 

Strange  Things  in  Nature  as  they  grew  so, 
Some  Relicks  of  the  Sheba  Queen, 

And  Fragments  of  the  fam'd  Bob  Cruso. 
Knick-knacks  too  dangle  round  the  Wall, 

Some  in  Glass-Cases,  some  on  Shelf ; 
But  what 's  the  rarest  Sight  of  all, 

Your  humble  Servant  shews  himself. 
On  this  my  chiefest  Hope  depends, 

Now,  if  you  will  the  Cause  espouse, 
In  Journals  pray  direct  your  Friends 

To  my  Museum  Coffee-House. 

And  in  requital  for  the  timely  Favour, 

I  '11  gratis,  Bleed,  draw  Teeth,  and  be  your  Shaver  ; 

Nay,  that  your  Pate  may  with  my  Noddle  tally, 

And  you  shine  bright  as  I  do, marry  shall  ye, 

Freely  consult  my  Revelation  Molly  ; 

Nor  shall  one  jealous  Thought  create  a  Huff, 

For  she  has  taught  me  Manners  long  enough. 

DON  SALTERO. 
Chelsea  Knackatory. 

To  be  "maggot-headed"  or  to  have  "mag- 
gots in  the  pate,"  as  in  the  first  verse, 
expressed  whimsicality — to  have  a  "  bee 
in  the  bonnet  "  or  "a  spider  in  the  ceiling." 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


Fletcher  in  'The  Spanish  Curate,'  IV.  v., 
in  1622,  speaks  of  a  man  as  a  "  maggot- 
pate."  For  other  seventeenth-century  in- 
stances see  the  '  N.E.D.'  Swift  in  his 
Introduction  to  •'  The  Tale  of  a  Tub  '  says  : 
"  The  two  principal  qualifications  of  a 
fanatic  preacher  are,  his  inward  light,  and 
his  head  full  of  maggots  "  ;  and  Tennyson 
has  ('  Maud,'  xxvii.  3) — 
To  tickle  the  maggot  born  in  an  empty  head, 
And  wheedle  a  world  that  loves  him  not. 

The  marriage  of  Frederick,  the  eldest  son 
of  George  II.,  was  celebrated  at  Don  Sal- 
tero's  in  the  following  manner  : — 

"  Among  the  Rejoicings  upon  the  Prince  of 
Wales's  Nuptials,  those  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the 
Club  at  Salter's  Coffee-house  in  Chelsea  were  most 
extraordinary ;  for  as  soon  as  the  Ceremony  was 
perform'd  in  St.  James's  Chapel,  they  began  to  fire 
trom  a  Horse-Boat,  moored  in  the  Middle  of  the 
Thames  for  that  Purpose,  a  great  Number  of  Sky 
and  Water-Rockets  were  likewise  play'd  off,  which 
the  Gentlemen,  at  an  elegant  Supper,  attended  with 
Musick,  drank  the  Healths  of  the  King  and  Queen, 
the  illustrious  Bride  and  Bridegroom,  a  numerous 
Issue,  the  Royal  Family,  &c.,  the  great  Guns  tiring 
at  each  Health,  'accompanied  by  Huzzas  from  the 
Populace,  to  whom  plenty  of  Strong  Beer  was 
given."— St.  James's  Evening  Post,  29  April,  1736. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
Deene,  Streatham. 

[DR.  G.  F.  BLANDFORD  also  refers  to  Mr.  Reginald 
Blunt's  book.] 

THOMAS  CASTLE  (10  S.  ix.  409). — Messrs. 
Britten  and  Boulger  in  their  '  Biographical 
Index  of  British  and  Irish  Botanists,'  1893, 
p.  32,  say :  "  Born  Kent,  c.  1804— d. 
Brighton  (?),  1838."  If  Mr.  Britten  has 
learnt  any  further  particulars,  he  would 
possibly  reply  if  a  request  was  addressed 
to  him  at  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum, 
Botanical  Department.  But  the  *  Index  ' 
is  so  good  that  it  should  be  better  known. 

S.  L.  PETTY. 

VOWEL-SHORTENING  (10  S.  x.  43). — The 
rule  so  ingeniously  laid  down  by  PROF. 
SKEAT  is  not  peculiar  to  English,  for  it 
rests  on  physiology,  and  is  the  consequence 
of  the  law  of  mechanics  which  is  called  in 
French  "  le  principe  de  la  moindre  action." 

When  a  word — generally  a  monosyllable 
— is  lengthened  by  the  addition  of  a  suffix, 
there  is  a  tendency  to  minimize  the  labour 
of  the  voice,  and  to  weaken  the  exertion 
at  the  very  beginning  of  the  word. 

The  English  examples  given  by  the  Pro- 
fessor are  most  edifying,  especially  to 
foreigners  ;  for  when  one  speaks  a  foreign 
language,  there  is  a  tendency  to  pronounce 
the  same  syllable  in  the  same  way  ;  and  even 


uneducated  (or  would-be  educated)  natives, 
at  least  in  France,  sometimes  make  this 
mistake  in  words  that  are  not  in  common 
use,  and  are  not  familiar  to  the  speaker 
by  an  unconscious  tradition. 

PROF.  SKEAT  rightly  says  :  "  The  longer 
the  word,  the  shorter  the  vowel."  Here 
are  some  French  instances  of  this  law,  in 
which  long  vowels  are  shortened  by  the 
addition  of  a  suffix  : — 

Grace,  gracieux  ;  matelas,  matelasser. 

Pot,  potee  ;  rabot,  raboter ;  lot,  loti ;  sabot, 
sabotage. 

Degel,  degele  (generally  pronounced  deg'le) ; 
rappel,  rappe!6  (rapp'te). 

And  I  may  bring  into  this  series  : — 

Breche,  ebrech^ ;  meche,  e"meche. 
If  we  extend  the  question  further,  I  might 
observe  that  the  change  of  a  vowel  into  a 
weaker  one  may  be  due  to  a  similar  cause  : 
faner,  fenaison  ;  fcwre,  je  ferai. 

On  the  contrary,  monosyllables  with  a 
short  vowel  when  they  are  used  as  proclitics, 
i.e.,  when  they  cease  to  be  really  mono- 
syllabic, lengthen  the  vowel  when  they  are 
used  emphatically  and  by  themselves ; 
for  instance,  the  possessive  pronouns  notre, 
votre :  C'est  n&tre  maison,  "  This  is  our 
house  "  ;  but  Cette  maison  est  notre,  "  This 
house  is  ours  "  ;  Nous  y  avons  mis  du  notre, 
"  We  contributed  to  it  from  our  own  means 
(or  our  own  money)."  H.  GAIDOZ. 

22,  Rue  Servandoni,  Paris. 

PROF.  SKEAT' s  list  of  words  is  interesting  : 
valuable,  I  think,  chiefly  because  of  its 
etymological  cues  ;  for  very  few  decently 
educated  people  would  fail  to  shorten  the 
vowel  instinctively  in  every  word  of  more 
than  one  syllable  from  "  baxter  "  even  unto 
"  zealous."  I  am  a  little  surprised  that 
nothing  was  said  of  "  page  "  and  "pageant," 
as  the  latter  is  now  much  in  the  air,  and 
people  of  learning  are  to  be  heard  speaking 
of  "  pageant."  I  am  aware  that  PROF. 
SKEAT  has  discoursed  in  The  Academy  of 
"  pageant "  ;  but  his  valuable  remarks 
would  have  borne  repetition  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

[Reply  from  SIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL  next  week.] 

HOVE  (10  S.  ix.  450  ;  x.  14).— I  trust  I 
may  be  allowed,  in  the  interests  of  scholar- 
ship, to  protest  against  the  invention  of 
non-existent  words  dignified  by  the  name  of 
"Anglo-Saxon."  What  would  be  thought 
of  a  writer  who  said  that  hov  was  a  Latin 
word  meaning  "low-lying,"  or  that  stima 
was  a  Latin  word  meaning  "  brightness  " 
It  would  be  criminal  to  utter  such  inventions 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  im. 


and  to  call  them  Latin  ;  but  to  utter  them 
as  "  Anglo-Saxon  "  is  thought  to  be  meri- 
torious. 

I  find,  ante,  p.  14,  the  statement  that 
"  Hov  [is]  deriving  from  a  Saxon  word 
meaning  low-lying  "  ;  and  on  the  very  next 
page,  under  '  Stymie,'  that  there  is  an 
"  A.-S.  stima,  a  gleam,  brightness." 

I  wonder  whether  the  authors  of  these 
remarkable  statements  can  give  their  refer- 
ences, or  justify  their  assertions. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  default  of  information  as  to  the  mys- 
terious Saxon  word  meaning  "low-lying" 
(in  a  physical  sense)  that  has  any  resem- 
blance to  Hove,  it  may  be  permitted  to 
suggest  the  precise  A.-S.  equivalent — hof, 
given  as  enclosure,  dwelling,  temple.  The 
word  seems  to  have  died  out  after  the  Con- 
quest, excepting  its  occurrence  in  Gower  as 
"  ho ve-daunce  "=  Court- dance,  though  this 
is  probably  borrowed  from  the  M.H.  German 
hove-tanz.  H.  P.  L. 

"  STYMIE  "  AT  GOLF  (10  S.  ix.  370,  414, 
492  ;  x.  15). — With  regard  to  the  concluding 
paragraph  at  the  last  reference  it  was  pre- 
cisely because  my  Anglo-Saxon  dictionary 
(Sweet's)  contained  no  such  word  as  stima, 
gleam,  or  anything  like  it,  that  I  penned 
the  query  at  the  first  reference,  in  order  to 
obtain,  inferentially,  the  etymon  of  stime 
in  the  '  Cursor  Mundi '  quotation.  The 
latter  is  the  only  reference  I  could  find 
calculated  to  throw  any  light  on  the  golf 
word.  H.  P.  L. 

HUNGARIAN  GRAMMAR  (10  S.  ix.  489  ; 
x.  14). — Triibner  published  an  excellent 
sketch  of  the  language  in  his  "  Simplified 
Grammar  Series."  Messrs.  Williams  &  Nor- 
gate  may  still  supply  it. 

To  any  one  able  to  read  German  I  can 
recommend  a  series  "  Kunst  der  Poly- 
glottie,"  published  by  Hartleben  of  Vienna. 
These  grammars  are  excellent  for  conversa- 
tional purposes.  '  Ungarisch,'  by  F.  Gorg, 
would  cost  about  two  shillings. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 
Grindleton,  Clitheroe. 

TITLES  CONFERRED  BY  CROMWELL  (10  S. 
x.  49). — A  list  of  these  will  be  found  in  vol.  ii. 
of  Noble's  '  Memoirs  of  the  Protectorate 
House  of  Cromwell.'  For  an  exhaustive 
list  of  Cromwell's  "  Other  House "  or 
"  House  of  Lords  "  see  G.  E.  C.'s  '  Complete 
Peerage,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  84-9.  For  full  particu- 
lars of  Cromwellian  baronets  see  G.  E.  C.'s 
*  Complete  Baronetage,'  vol.  iii.  pp.  3  to  9. 


The  knights  made  by  both  the  Protectors, 
Oliver  and  Richard,  are  enumerated  in 
Dr.  W.  A.  Shaw's  'Knights  of  England/ 
vol.  ii.  pp.  223-4.  W.  D.  PINK. 

Lowton,  Newton-le- Willows. 

The  MS.  Journal  of  the  Protectorate 
House  of  Lords,  in  possession  of  the  late 
Sir  Richard  Tangye,  was  published  this 
year  for  the  first  time  in  "  The  House  of 
Lords'  Manuscripts,  Vol.  IV.  (New  Series)," 
which  can  be  obtained  from  H.M.  Stationery 
Office  for  2s.  9dL  This  contains  the  lists 
of  the  different  peers  attending  the  meetings 
of  Cromwell's  House  of  Lords,  with  mention 
also  of  the  various  offices  held  by  them. 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

There  is  a  list  of  many  of  these  persona 
(with  armorial  bearings)  in  Sir  J.  Prest- 
wich's  '  Respublica,'  1787,  at  pp.  149  et  seqq. 

M. 

PETER  QUIVEL,  BISHOP  OF  EXETER  (10  S. 
x.  30). — It  is  pleasant  to  find  my  old  friend 
MR.  JAMES  DALLAS  (for  many  years  an 
honoured  citizen  of  Exeter)  protesting 
against  Mr.  R.  L.  Poole's  spelling  of  this 
bishop's  name.  I  have  looked  over  a  score 
of  creditable  authorities,  and  do  not  find 
any  of  them  rendering  it  Quinel.  The  Rev. 
George  Oliver,  D.D.,  in  his  '  Lives  of  the 
Bishops  of  Exeter  '  (1861),  remarks  : — 

"  Peter  Quivil  was  the  son  of  Peter  and  Helewisa 
Quivil  of  Exeter." 

Prebendary  F.  C.  Hingeston  Randolph, 
in  his  reproduction  of  '  The  Register  of  Peter 
Quivil  (A.D.  1280-91),'  published  in  1889, 
says  in  the  preface  : — 

"  Peter  Quivil,  our  thirteenth  Bishop,  like  his 
two  immediate  predecessors,  was  a  native  of 

Exeter He    was     instituted to    the    remote 

country  parish  of  St.   Mullion The  date  of  his 

institution  is  unknown,  but  tie  resigned  the  benefice 
in  1262,  and  John  Quivel— doubtless  his  kinsman — 
succeeded  him." 

In  a  foot-note  the  author  adds  : — 

"The  name  does  not  occur  elsewhere  in  the 
Registers,  and  it  should  be  noted  that  it  is  there 
spelt '  Quivel.'  Was  not  this,  rather  than  '  Quivil,' 
the  true  spelling  ?  " 

Harking  back  to  the  same  learned  cleric's 
rendering  of  Bishop  Bronescombe's  Register 
(A.D.  1257-80),  we  find  the  following  entry  : 

"  Rectors  of  St.  Mullion  (Sancti  Melani  in 
Kerier,  MS.),  Master  P(eter)  Quivel,  on  whose 
resignation  John  Quivel,  priest,  was  inst.  7  July, 
1262,  on  the  presentation  of  Sir  Philip  Basset." 

Archdeacon  Freeman,  in  his  '  Architec- 
tural History  of  Exeter  Cathedral'  (1873), 
invariably  renders  the  Bishop's  patronymic 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


*'  Quivil,"  and,  speaking  of  his  great  work 
in  transforming  the  Norman  nave  into  a 
Decorated  one,  says  : — 

"  So  entire  was  the  metamorphosis  that  it  won 
for  him  the  title  of  '  Founder  of  the  New  Cathe- 
dral,' which  the  '  Exeter  Chronicle '  fifteenth  cen- 
tury) has  given  him  (A.D.  M.CC.LXXXVIII.  '  Fundata 
est  hsec  nova  ecclesia  a  venerabili  patre  Petro  hujus 
Eccl.  Episcopo ').  He  was  in  reality  '  Fundator 
novis  opens'  (Fabric  Roll,  1308). 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

SNODGRASS  AS  A  SURNAME  (10  S.  ix.  427  ; 
x.  10,  52).— The  story  of  Thomas  Snodgrass 
of  the  Madras  Service  is  partially  told  in 
Baillie's  '  History  of  the  Oriental  Club,' 
and  at  greater  length  by  Sir  Charles  Lawson 
in  his  'Memories  of  Madras.'  It  has  never 
really  been  substantiated  by  reference  to 
the  minute-books  of  the  Directors  of  the 
East  India  Company.  Most  probably  it 
underwent  embellishment  during  the  time 
it  was  being  handed  down  verbally  in  the 
Club.  After  his  retirement  Mr.  Snodgrass 
spent  a  considerable  portion  of  his  time 
in  managing  charities  connected  with  the 
mercantile  marine.  His  portrait  hangs  in 
the  office  of  the  Marine  Society  in  Bishops- 
gate  Street,  and  is  reproduced  in  the 
Memories  of  Madras.'  FRANK  PENNY. 

Snodgrass  was  the  name  of  one  of  Beau 
Brummell's  butts  : — 

"  A  gentleman  who  suffered  by  his  pranks  was  a 
Mr.  Snodgrass,  I  believe  an  F.R.S.,  and  very  fond 
of  scientific  pursuits ;  probably  the  reason  [?J  why 
he  was  singled  out  by  Brummell  as  a  fit  and  proper 
object  for  his  fun.  Accompanied  by  several  friends, 
he  once  knocked  up  this  philosopher  at  three  o'clock 
on  a  fine  frosty  morning;  and  when,  under  the  im- 
pression of  his  house  being  on  fire,  he  protruded  his 
body  en  chemise,  and  his  head  in  a  nightcap,  from 
the  window,  the  Beau  put  the  following  very 
interesting  question  to  him  : — '  Pray,  sir,  is  your 
name  Snodgrass?'  '  Yes,  sir,'  said  he,  very  anxiously, 
'my  name  is  Snodgrass.'  'Snodgrass — Snodgrass,' 
repeated  Brummell,  'a  very  odd  name  that,  upon 
my  soul ;  a  very  odd  name  indeed  !  But,  sir,  is  your 
name  really  Snodgrass  ? '  Here  the  philosopher, 
with  the  thermometer  below  freezing-point,  natur- 
ally got  into  a  towering  passion,  and  threatened  to 
call  the  watch ;  whereupon  Brummell  walked  off 
with — 'Good  morning  to  you,  Mr.  Snodgrass.'" — 
Jesse,  'The  Life  of  George  Brummell,'  1854,  p.  60. 

R.    L.    MORETON. 

'The  Office  Window,'  Daily  Chronicle, 
5  April,  1907,  contained  the  following  : — 

11  There  is  no  doubt  that  Charles  Dickens  when 
in  Bath  on  a  reporting  exploit  picked  up  the  name 
of  Snodgrass,  as  he  did  so  much  else,  immediately 
afterwards  introduced  into  the  pages  of  '  Pickwick,' 
writes  a  correspondent.  Alexander  Snodgrass  was 
mine  host  of  « The  Raven,'  in  Quiet  Street,  from 
1826  (if  not  earlier)  until  about  1832,  when  he  moved 


to  'The  Caledonian'  Tavern  in  Trim  Street.  There 
he  died  in  May,  1853,  and  was  laid  to  his  rest  in 
that  famous  little  burial-ground  on  the  heights  of 
Lansdown.  In  the  same  graveyard  lie  Elizabeth 
Snodgrass,  d.  1850,  and  Robert  Snodgrass  who 
d.1852." 

In  the  1805  Army  List  Kenneth  Snodgrass 
appears  in  the  list  of  lieutenants  of  the 
52nd  Foot,  the  immediate  senior  being 
Lieut.  Wm.  Rowan,  who  (see  9  S.  x.  72) 
married  a  sister  of  Mr.  Spong,  who  is  believed 
to  have  suggested  the  character  of  Wardle. 

Mrs.  Snodgrass  (referred  to  ante,  p.  11) 
and  her  brothers,'  Lynedoch  and  Donald 
Douglas,  were  often  in  this  neighbourhood, 
their  father  having  married  a  Hythe  lady, 
Miss  Rachel  Andrews. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

In  the  British  Museum  Catalogue  there 
are  17  entries  to  12  authors  of  this  name. 
The  earliest  is  John  Snodgrass,  D.D.,  theo- 
logical pamphlets  published  at  Paisley  from 
1770  to  1796.  The  next  is  Gabriel  Snod- 
grass, in  a  letter  to  the  Directors  of  the  East 
India  Company  in  1797.  Then  comes  one 
with  the  Christian  names  of  John  James, 
on  the  Burmese  War  in  1827.  An  American 
preacher,  William  S.,  comes  next,  1830-40. 
A  Scottish  miller,  John  Snodgrass  of  Glas- 
gow, follows  in  1860  with  a  work  on  co-opera- 
tion. John  S.,  the  translator  of  Heine,  is 
next,  1879-82.  Wm.  Snodgrass  published 
some  medical  works  between  1893  and  1899  ; 
while  the  latest  are  reprints  of  papers,  &c., 
in  American  scientific  journals,  1899—1902. 

AYEAHB. 

[CAPT.  C.  S.  HARRIS  also  refers  to  Sir  C.  Lawson's 
book.] 

PLACE-NAMES  IN  -ox  (10  S.  ix.  508). — 
I  know  of  one  case  in  which  an  ending 
in  -ox  is  derived  from  a  surname  ending 
in  -ock's  ;  but  it  does  not  follow  that  this 
case  governs  all  such  endings.  The  names 
mentioned  in  the  query  include  three  which 
seem  to  make  it  probable  that  they  are 
derived  in  this  way,  e.g.,  Craddox,  i.e., 
Craddock's  (sc.  tenement). 

FRANK  PENNY. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
ix.  229). — The  passage  sent  by  AYEAHR, 
"  Prefaces  to  books  are  like  signs  to  public- 
houses  :  they  are  intended  to  give  one  an 
idea  of  the  kind  of  entertainment  to  be  found 
within,"  inevitably  recalls  the  first  chapter 
(Book  I.)  of  *  Tom  Jones  '  : — 

"  As  we  do  not  disdain  to  borrow  wit  or  wisdom 
from  any  man  who  is  capable  of  lending  us  either, 
we  have  condescended  to  take  a  hint  from  these 
honest  victuallers,  and  shall  prefix  not  only  a 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  AUG.  s, 


general  bill  of  fare  to  our  whole  entertainment,  but 
shall  likewise  give  the  reader  particular  bills  to 
every  course  which  is  to  be  served  up  in  this  and 
the  ensuing  volumes." 

Perhaps  some  writer  has  condescended  to 
take  a  hint  from  Fielding.     Unfortunately 
no  date  or  reference  is  added  in  the  query. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The    lines    sought   by  H.  H.  T.  C.    (ante, 
p.  68), 
We  shall  see  them,  we  shall  know  them,  in  the 

fullness  of  the  time, 

In  the  glorious  new  creation,  in  the  everlasting 
clime, 

are,  with  the  slight  change  of  "  I  "  to  "  we," 
the  first  two  lines  of  a  piece  of  mine  entitled 
'  The  Holy  Catholic  Church,'  and  will  be 
found  on  p.  209  of  my  '  Lyra  Christi,'  pub- 
lished by  Houlston  &  Sons,  or  on  p.  35  of 
'Cassell's  Illustrated  Book  of  Sacred  Poems/ 
edited  by  the  late  Rev.  R.  H.  Baynes. 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 
21,  Sydney  Buildings,  Bath. 

C.  BARRON,  19,  PALL  MALL  (10  S.  x.  69). — 
In  the  course  of  inquiries  in  connexion  with 
a  history  of  Pall  Mall  and  the  Haymarket 
about  a  year  ago,  I  ascertained  that  C.  Barren 
was  the  founder  of  the  old  business  of 
"  Italian  warehousemen  and  wine-mer- 
chants "  carried  on  to  the  present  day  under 
the  style  of  A.  Cobbett  &  Son,  18  and  19, 
Pall  Mall.  Barren,  before  this,  was  a  partner 
in  the  extremely  old  Italian  warehouse 
in  the  Haymarket  of  Messrs.  Barto  Valle. 
An  old  shopbill  of  Cobbett's  (Mr.  Cobbett 
was  related,  if  distantly,  to  William  Cobbett, 
the  political  writer)  shows  that  the  firm  was 
known  as  A.  Cobbett  &  Son  so  far  back  as 
1846,  about  which  time,  or  a  little  before, 
Barron  appears  to  have  established  the 
"  warehouse."  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

OXFORD  COMMEMORATION  IN  1759  (10  S. 
x.  6). — The  Latin- verse  writers  of  the 
eighteenth  century  who  made  the  penulti- 
mate vowel  of  Academia  short  had  the 
authority  of  Claudian  (' De  Cons.  Mall. 
Theod.,'  94  :  "In  Latium  spretis  Academia 
migrat  Athenis  " )  and  of  Apollonius  Sidonius. 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

THE  '  D.N.B.'  :  ADDITIONS  AND  CORREC- 
TIONS (10  S.  ix.  182,  231,  272,  313,  372,  410, 
473,  516  ;  x.  58).—  Ballard,  John.— Dr.  Venn 
in  his  '  History  of  Gonville  and  Cams 
College,'  i.  66,  writes  : — 

"Ballard,  John:  of  Wratting  ('Tollewratting'), 
Suffolk  :  son  of  William  Ballard,  mediocris  fortunw. 
School,  Elmdon,  three  years.  Age  17.  Admitted 
pensioner,  Jan.  18,  1569/70.  Tutor  and  surety, 


Dr.  Edwards,  fellow.  Assigned  the  fourth  lower 
cubicle.  B.A.  (King's),  1574-5.  Doubtless  the 
seminary  priest  executed  for  complicity  in  Babing- 
ton's  plot;  as  he  is  described  as  a  Cambridge 
graduate  on  his  arrival  at  Douay  College,  Nov.  27, 
1579. 

Dean,  William. — Dr.  Venn  (op.  cit.,  i.  94)' 
writes  as  follows,  the  passages  within 
brackets  being  my  own  additions,  mainly 
on  the  authority  of  vols.  ii.  and  v.  of  the 
Catholic  Record  Society  : — 

"  Deane,  William  :  son  of  Thomas  Deane,  medio- 
cris fortunee.  Born  at  Grassington  [in  the  parish  of 
Linton  in  Craven],  Yorkshire.  Schools,  Leeds  and 
Clitheroe?  ('Cletherall'),  Lancashire,  four  years. 
At  Magdalene  College  two  years.  Age  20.  Admitted 
pensioner  minor,  tertii  ordinis,  Nov.  4,  1577. 
Assigned  a  cubicle  with  his  surety,  Mr.  R. 
Draper,  M, A.,  fellow.  Probably  [almost  certainly] 
the  seminary  priest  and  martyr,  described  as  of 
[Linton  in  Craven,]  Yorkshire,  [and  son  of  a  tenant 
of  Richard  Norton,  who  lost  all  his  lands  for  his 
share  in  the  rebellion  of  1569],  [and,  after  serving 
the  cure  of  Monk -Fry  stone  as  a  Protestant  minister, 
was  reconciled  to  the  Church  by  Thomas  Alfield  in 
May  or  June,  1581,  and  arrived  at  the  English 
College  at  Rheims  from  Douay  July  9,  1581,  and 
was  ordained  priest  Dec.  21,  1581. ]  Sent  to  Eng- 
land Jan.  25,  1581/2.  [Arrested  in  London  after  he 
had  said  some  six  or  seven  Masses  there.  Com- 
mitted to  Newgate  Feb.  21,  1581/2.  Indicted  with 
four  other  priests  Feb.  5,  1583/4 ;  in  the  Clink 
April  8,  1584.]  Banished  [Jan.  21,  1584/5,  with 
nineteen  other  priests  and  one  layman,  being 
shipped  at  the  Tower  Wharf  on  board  the  Mary 
Martin  of  Colchester.  Landed  at  Boulogne  Feb.  2. 
Returned  to  Rheims.  Started  for  England  again 
Nov.  21,  1585.]  [Apprehended  and  committed  to 
the  Gatehouse  before  March,  1587/8.]  Tried  and 
condemned  Aug.  22,  1588,  as  a  priest  ordained 
abroad  [and  coming  into,  or  remaining  in,  the 
kingdom  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  27  Eliz.  c.  2.] 
Executed  at  Mile  End,  Aug.  28,  1588.  '  Vir  morum 
gravitate  et  doctrina  conspicuus.'" 

Finglow,  John. — Dr.  Venn  (op.  cit.,  i.  76) 
writes  : — 

"  Fingley,  John  :  matriculated  sizar,  Dec.  1573. 
Born  at  Barnby,  Yorkshire.  Afterwards  a  seminary 
priest  and  martyr.  Admitted  at  Douay  College, 
Feb.  13,  1579/80.  Ordained  sub-deacon  Feb.  21, 
1580/1 ;  and  priest  at  Rheims  by  the  Bp.  of  Chalons, 
March  25,  1581.  Sent  to  England  Ap.  24,  1581, 
about  the  same  time  as  Ed.  Osburne.  Apprehended 
and  committed  to  York  gaol  ;  tried  there ;  and 
hanged  and  quartered  Aug.  8,  1586.  He  appears  to 
have  resided  three  years  or  more  in  college,  and  his 
real  character  seems  to  have  been  at  once  suspected 
by  the  fellows.  He  was  at  first  sizar  to  Hugh  Cressy, 
and  afterwards  appointed  butler  by  Dr.  Legge, 
an  office  usually  held  by  a  scholar.  He  was  the 
subject  of  violent  complaints  against  the  master  by 
the  anti-Romish  party  in  college.  *  That  the  said 
Finglye  was  made  butler*  by  the  master  without 


*  Dr.  Venn  adds  this  note  :  "  The  butler  was  a 
college  officer  who  ranked  with  the  scholars,  and 
should  have  been  appointed,  like  them,  by  the 
master  and  fellows  together." 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


consent  of  the  fellows that  the  common  rumou 

was  that  he  did  labour  to  pervert  youth  secretly.... 
came  very  seldom  or  never  to  prayer  or  sermon 

could  not  be  drawn  unto  them  by  warning  an 

correction  often  used  by  this  deponent  (H.  Paman) 

was  not  sent  away  by  the  master,  but  that,  hi 

lewd  dealing  being  detected,  he  ran  away.'  '  Ther 
was  very  much  speech  of  a  man  reported  to  be  sai 
by  Fingley  in  the  master's  great  chamber,  and  tha 
he  was  by  some  suspected  to  be  a  priest '  (Lansd.  33 
There  is  a  reference  to  him  as  '  a  priest  of  God,  pu 
into  a  low  prison,  into  a  deep  and  darksome  dun 
geoii '  at  York  (v.  Foley,  iii.  251 ;  and  the  '  D.N.B. 
For  more  see  Caian,  vol.  v." 

Holfby,  Richard. — It  appears  from  Dr 
Venn  (op.  cit.,  i.  75)  that  Holtby  was  a 
Northallerton  School  four  years,  and 
Christ's  College  two  years,  before  he  wa 
admitted  a  pensioner  at  Caius  College 
Aug.  19,  1573,  aged  20. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

Sm  MENASSEH  MASSE Y  LOPEZ,  BT.  (10  S 
ix.  508  ;  x.  96). — MB.  SOLOMONS  makes  a 
mistake  in  stating  that  Mordecai  Rodrigues 
Lopes  became  a  Christian  in  1802  with  his 
son  Manasseh,  the  future  baronet.  He  diec 
a  Jew  in  March,  1796,  and  his  burial  is 
recorded  in  the  registers  of  the  Spanish 
and  Portuguese  Congregation  at  Bevis 
Marks  as  having  taken  place  on  "  Domingo 
26  Adar  Reson  6556  "  ;  his  wife  Rebecca 
Pereira  is  buried  next  him,  having  died 
in  May,  1795.  Their  two  daughters — Rachel, 
widow  of  Isaac  Pereira  (d.  1825),  and  Esther, 
wife  of  Abraham  Franco  (d.  1795) — are 
buried  near  them  in  the  same  Carreira. 

Picciotto  in  his  '  Sketches  of  Anglo- Jewish 
History,'  p.  304,  mentioning  the  defection 
of  the  Lopes  family  in  1802,  makes  this  same 
error  regarding  the  elder  Lopes. 

Ralph  Franco,  who  in  1831  succeeded  his 
uncle  and  became  the  second  baronet,  was 
baptized  at  Shipbourne  Church,  near  Ton- 
bridge,  17  May,  1801. 

Possibly  in  his  last  days  the  same  yearning 
came  over  Sir  Manasseh  Lopes  as  in  the  case 
of  Sampson  Gideon,  who,  after  living  apart 
from  his  people  for  many  years,  left  a  request 
that  he  should  be  buried  with  them  at  Mile 
End.  T.  COLYEB  FEBGUSSON. 

Ightham  Mote,  near  Sevenoaks. 

'  KITTY  FISHEB'S  JIG  '  :  '  YANKEE 
DOODLE'  (10  S.  ix.  50,  98,  197,  236,  337, 
471 ;  x.  50). — MB.  ALBEBT  MATTHEWS 
apparently  confounds  the  words  with  the 
tune  of  '  Yankee  Doodle.'  My  immediate 
concern  was  with  the  tune  or  melody,  and 
I  have  absolutely  no  interest  in  the  origin 
of  the  verses.  For  proof  of  the  identity  of 


*  This  appears  to  be  a  misprint  for  J.  Paman. 


'  Yankee  Doodle '  with  '  All  the  Way  to 
Galway'  I  refer  MB.  MATTHEWS  to  The 
Dolphin  (Philadelphia)  for  August,  1905, 
in  which  I  print  both  airs,  which  are  prac- 
tically identical.  The  Irish  characteristics 
in  the  oldest  printed  setting  of  the  air  are 
unmistakable. 

2.  I   am    not    aware    that   Dr.    Richard 
Shuckburgh  was   in   America   in    1755.     If 
he   went   over   with   General   Abercrombie, 
he  cannot  have  reached  America  till  June, 
1756.     Hence   I   would   conclude   that   the 
adaptation   of   the   song  was  not  prior   to 
1756,    though   possibly    1755    may   be   the 
correct  date. 

3.  MB.  MATTHEWS  makes  a  point  of  my 
putting   "  published  "   for   "  sold  by."     He 
admits    that    *  The    Disappointment '    was 
printed  in   1767,   and  so   agrees  with  me. 
The  name  of  the  author  is  printed  "  Andrew 
Barton,"   and  as  against  MB.   MATTHEWS, 
who  says  that  the  play  was  "  probably  not 
written"  by  Barton,  but  by  Col.  Thomas 
Forrest,  I  can  quote  an  excellent  authority, 
Mr.  O.  G.  Sonneck,  of  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress.    Mr.  Sonneck  says  :    "  The  arguments 
in  favour  of  Forrest's  authorship   are  not 
at  all  convincing,   and  I  advise  librarians 
to  enter  the  libretto  under  Barton." 

4.  I  repeat    my  statement    that   '  Kitty 
Fisher's  Jig,'  with  the   "  Macaroni "   refer- 
ence,  was  likely  between   1755  and   1760, 
when  Macaronis  were  in  vogue. 

5.  If  MB.  MATTHEWS  is  of  a  musical  turn, 
iet    him    compare    '  Yankee    Doodle '    with 
'  All   the  Way   to   Galway.'     He   will   find 
the  latter  tune  printed  in  'The  Complete 
Petrie  Collection,'  ii.  No.  849.     So  convinced 
was  I  of  the  identity  of  both  tunes  that  I 
stated  without  question  the  Irish  origin  of 

Yankee  Doodle  '  in  my  '  History  of  Irish 
Music,'  p.  247.      W.  H.  GBATTAN  FLOOD. 
Enniscorthy. 

COXE  OF  CLENT  AND  SWYNFOBD  (10  S.  x. 

29). In  Burke's  '  Extinct  and  Dormant 

Baronetcies,'   1844,  p.   121,  Cocks  of  Dum- 

laton,    baronet    (cr.    1661,    extinct    1765), 

s  described  as  "  a  branch  of  the  family  of 

^ocks  Hall  in  Kent."     Your  correspondent 

.  M.  M.  C.    inquires   if    this   Hall   is   near 

Sandgate.     I  have  failed  to  discover  it. 

Hasted  (vol.  x.  p.  81)  gives  an  account 
f  a  Michael  Cox  of  f  ilmanstone,  8  Hen.  VII., 
rhose  son  Thomas  was  "  Customer  of  Sand- 
rich  "  at  the  latter  end  of  Henry  VIII. 's 
eign.  His  arms  were  Sable,  on  a  chevron 
rgent,  a  mullet  sable,  for  difference,  between 
tiree  attires  of  a  stag,  pinned  to  the  scalps, 
rgent.  At  p.  45  of  the  same  volume  _we 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  A™,  s,  im. 


are  informed  that  Thomas  married  Alice, 
coheiress  of  Roger  Lychfeld.  This  Thomas 
died  1559,  and  his  heirs  alienated  the  pro- 
perty to  Richard  Fogge,  eldest  son  of  George 
Fogge  of  Brabourne. 

A  Thomas  Cockes  was  one  of  the  com- 
missioners at  the  building  of  Sandgate 
Castle,  1539-40,  the  other  being  Reginald 
Scott,  Esq.  George  Fogge  was  in  1545 
Deputy  of  the  Castle.  R.  J.  FYNMOBE. 
Sandgate. 

ABBOTSLEY,  ST.  NEOTS,  HUNTS  (10  S.  iii. 
29). — Here  is  a  list  of  the  incumbents  of 
Abbotsley  (St.  Margaret)  from  1225  to  1901 
in  the  Transactions  of  the  Cambridgeshire 
and  Huntingdonshire  Archaeological  Society, 
1907,  vol.  ii.  part  ii.  pp.  158-60,  contributed 
by  the  Rev.  W.  M.  Noble,  editor  of  the 
Society.  HERBERT  E.  NORRIS. 

Cirencester. 

JOHN  OF  GATJNT'S  ARMS  (10  S.  x.  9). — 1. 
Privy  seal  before  the  marriage  with  Con- 
stance of  Castile  (1371)  :— 

"A  shield  of  arms,  couch  e",  quarterly,  1  and  4, 
France  ;  2  and  3,  England  :  over  all  in  chief  a  label 
of  three  points  ermine.  Crest  on  a  helmet  and 
short  mantling  diapered,  on  a  chapeau  a  lion 
statant  guardant,  crowned,  charged  on  the  neck 
with  a  label  of  three  points  ermine,  the  tail  hang- 
ing down.  Supporters,  two  falcons,  each  standing 
on  a  padlock  and  essaying  to  open  the  same  :  the 
background  replenished  with  sprigs  of  foliage : — 
within  a  carved  Gothic  quatrefoil,  ornamented 
along  the  inner  edge  with  small  quatrefoils :  sur- 
rounded with  the  legend :  '  S  :  p'uat :  joh'is  :  ducis  : 
Lancastr'  :  comit  :  richemond' :  derb  :  line  :  leyc  : 
senescalle :  angl.' " 

2.  From  1371  to  1388  the  Duke  bore  on 
his  privy  seal  the  royal  arms  of  Castile  and 
Leon  quarterly,  impaling  the  royal  arms  of 
France  and  England  quarterly,  with  a 
difference.  They  are  described  : — 

"Armorial  bearings  not  on  a  shield.    Per  pale 
dexter,  quarterly,  1  and  4,  Castile  ;  2  and  3,  Leon 
sinister,  quarterly,  1  and  4,  France  (ancient) ;  2  and 
3,  England,  with  a  label  of  three  points  ermine 
The  first  and  fourth  quarters  of  each  impalemen 
raised,    and    the   second  and   third   countersunk 
within  a  carved  border  ornamented  with  cinque 


3.  After    1388    the     Duke    continued    t 
bear  the  royal  arms  of  Castile  and  Leon 
impaling    those    of    France    and    England 
but  he  moved  the  Spanish  quarterings  iron 
dexter  to  sinister. 

4.  The  Great  Seal  of  Castile  and  Leon. — 
Unlike  the  other  monarchs  of  Europe,  th 
Kings  of  Castile  and  Leon  did  not  use  th 
ordinary    wax    seals  ;     instruments    issuin 
from  their  chanceries,  like  those  of  the  Papac 


nd  Empire,  bore  a  metal  "  bulla."  But 
ohn  of  Gaunt  impressed  wax  with  a  silver 
eal  in  the  manner  common  to  the  other 
oyal  chanceries. 

5.  The  Great  Seal  of  the  County  Palatine 
fter  February,  1377. — The  arms  of  the-: 
)uchy  of  Lancaster  were  : — 

"  Gules,  three  lions  passant  guardant  in  pale  or  ;  I 
label  of  three  (sometimes  of  five)  points  azure, 
larged  with  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  second." 

ee  Mr.  S.  Armitage-Smith's  '  John  of 
2aunt '  (1904),  pp.  456-8. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

The  marriage  of  this  John  of  Gaunt  with! 
Constance,    a    natural    daughter    of    Peter 
lie  Cruel,  King  of  Castile  and  Leon,  gave- 
im,   on  the  death  of  his  father-in-law,   a- 
laim  to  the  throne  of  Castile  and  Leon  ; 
nd  although  his  claim  was  not  successful,.  "Ii 
.e  adopted  as  his  arms,  on  a  castle  or  a  shield 
rgent,  charged  with  a  lion  rampant  gules,  j 
he  arms  of  Leon,  still  an  important  division 
>f  Spain.     And  in  the  cloisters  at  Canterbury 
nay  be  seen  a  boss  exhibiting  the  above- 
leraldic  charges  in  reference  to  this  claim. 
/Vould  not  his  cadency  mark  be  the  usual 
ne   appertaining   to    a   fourth   son,   i.e.,   a 
nartlet,  or  swallow  without  beak  or  feet  ?  ' 

J.    HOLDEN    MAcMlCHAEL. 

[The  attention  of  U.  V.  W.  is  directed  to  MR. 
SAYLEY'S  reply  above.] 

'  OLD  MOTHER  HUBBABD  '  :    ITS  AUTHOR 
10    S.    x.    27). — There    have    been    several 
nquiries    regarding    this    nursery    rime    in  j 
;  N.  &  Q.'  ;    see  2  S.  ix.  244  ;    6  S.  x.  468  ;. 
xi.   234;     7  S.  x.    187,   354;    xi.   312,   417; 
S.  ii.  107  ;    but  nothing  very  satisfactory 
las  been  elicited.     The  first  stanza  is  un- 
doubtedly   traditional  ;     Miss    Martin   may 
have  written  some  of  the  others,  but  I  am 
disposed  to  think  that  her  share  in  the  work 
was    confined   to   making   sketches   for   the- 
illustrations.     Mr.   John  Pollexfen  Bastard 
was  M.P.  for  Devonshire  from  1784  to  his 
death  on  4  April,    1816,   and  was  perhaps- 
the     best-known     Devonian     of     his     time. 
There  is  a  memoir  of  him  in  the  '  D.N.B.* 
He  married  on  2  July,  1809,  Judith  Anne, 
third  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Martin,   first  j 
baronet  of  Lockynge,  co.  Berks,  and  sister  i 
of  the  celebrated  admiral  Sir  Thomas  Byam  ; 
Martin,  G.C.B.      Mrs.  Bastard  survived  her  I 
husband  more  than  thirty  years,  dying  in| 
1848.     Sarah    Catherine    Martin    was    the-i 
second   daughter   of   Sir   Henry,  and    it    is  I 
this  lady  who  illustrated  the  poem,  which  < 
is  believed  to  have  been  a  political  squib,. ; 
though    nobody    knows    against    whom    it-j 
was  directed.     She  died  unmarried  in  1826, 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


I  have  a  copy  of  the  sequel,  of  which  the 
|  dedication  is  correctly  given  by  AYEAHR. 

The  title,  which  I  give  below,  shows  that  it 
i  was  not  a  privately  printed  issue,  but  was 
|  published  for  sale  by  the  most  noted  juvenile 

bookseller  of  the  day  : — 

"A  |  Sequel  |  to  |  The  Comic  Adventures,  |  of 
|  Old  Mother  Hubbard,   |  and  |  her  Dog,  |  By  | 
another  Hand,  j  London.  |  Published  Feb?  I8t  1807, 
by  J-  Harris,  Juvenile  Librarv,  I  corner  of  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard.  |  and  C.  Knight,  Windsor." 

In  my  copy,  which  is  coloured,  the  text 
and  illustrations  are  engraved  on  copper. 

With  regard  to  the  "  Old  Mother  Hubbard" 

'  tradition    which    was    utilized    by    Spenser, 

attention  may  be  invited  to   Prof.    J.   W. 

Hales' s     very     interesting    article     in     The 

|  Athenceum    for    24  .Feb.,    1883    (No.    2887, 

p.  248),  which  suggests  that  the  story  may 

be  derived  from  the  legend  of  the  dog-saint 

Hubert.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

CORNISH  AND  OTHER  APPARITIONS  (10  S. 
ix.  325,  392  ;  x.  35,  51).— The  full  story  of 

;|  the  South  Petherwin — or,  more  correctly, 
the  Botathen — ghost,  summarized  at  the 
last  reference  by  W.  P.  CA.,  the  authorship 

I  of  which  has  been  commonly,  but  erroneously 
attributed  to  Defoe,  was  related  by  me  at 
8  S.  viii.  221,  349.  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

IRISH  REBELLION  OF  1798  :  CROTTY  (10 
S.  ix.  510).— As  the  fate  of  Crotty  was  that 
of  hundreds  in  1798,  I  fear  that,  unless  some 
more  definite  data  be  given,  Y.  T.  has  a 
difficult  task  before  him.  Crotty  may  have 
been  one  of  those  "  chiefs  "  referred  to  in  the 
autobiographical  sketch  of  General  F.  R. 
Chesney  quoted  in  his  '  Life  '  (8vo,  London, 
1893),  p.  44,  who  were 

""  taken  by  the  patrols  in  the  vicinity  of  Newry, 
and  executed  in  the  presence  of  all  the  troops. 
They  were  offered  pardon  on  condition  of  giving 
some  intelligence  required  by  Government,  which 
they  declined,  and  died  too  bravely  for  such  a 
«ause." 

If  Crotty  by  any  action  or  misfortune  was 

distinguished  above  his  fellows,  it  is  singular 

that  he  is  not  mentioned  by  Maxwell,  who 

was  a  native  of  those  parts,   and  vividly 

!  remembered  many  of  the  incidents  of  the 

\  rebellion,    the    above    executions    amongst 

others. 

Capt.  Chesney 's  MS.  Autobiography,  now 

in  the  British  Museum,  makes  no  mention 

of  Crotty  ;  nor  does  his  name  occur  in  Mad- 

|  den,  Teeling,  or  McSkimmin,  the  three  prin- 

\   cipal    authorities    for  the    "  Rising    in    the 

North." 

As  the  Mourne  Infantry  under  Capt. 
Chesney — as  far  as  I  can  ascertain — served 


only  in  parts  of  Down  and  Louth,  this 
narrows  the  scope  of  inquiry,  and  I  would 
suggest  that  Y.  T.  should  consult,  if  he  can, 
the  files  of  Gordon's  Newry  Chronicle  of 
that  date.  JOHN  S.  CRONE. 

Kensal  Lodge,  N.W. 

HARVEY'S  BIRTHPLACE  (10  S.  x.  9). — 
John  Aubrey,  who  was  at  Harvey's  funeral, 
says  :— 

"  William  Harvey,  M.D.,  natus  at  Folkestone  in 
Kent :  borne  at  the  house  which  is  now  the  post- 
house,  a  faire  stone-built  house,  which  he  gave  to 
Caius  College  in  Cambridge,  with  some  lands  there  : 
vide  his  will.  His  brother  Eliab  would  have  given 
any  money  or  exchange  for  it,  because  'twas  his 
father's  arid  they  all  borne  there ;  but  the  Doctor 
(truly)  thought  his  memory  would  better  be  pre- 
served this  way,  for  his  brother  has  left  noble 
seates,  and  about  3000  li.  per  annum,  at  least. 

"Hemsted  in  Essex  towards  AudeleyEnd:  ibi 
sepultus  Dr  Harvey." 

Aubrey  mentions  his  white  marble  statue  "  in 
the  Library  at  the  Physitians'  Colledge," 
and  continues  : — 

"Dr  Harvey  added  (or  was  very  bountifull  in 
contributing  to)  a  noble  building  of  Roman  archi- 
tecture (of  rustique  worke,  with  Corinthian 
pillasters)  at  the  Physitians'  College  aforesaid,  viz. 
a  great  parlour  (or 'a  kind  of  Convocation-house') 
for  theFellowes  to  meet  in,  belowe ;  and  a  library, 

above All  these  remembrances  and  building  was 

destroyed  by  the  generall  fire." 

See  Mr.  Andrew  Clark's  edition  of  Aubrey's 
'  Brief  Lives,'  1898,  i.  295-7. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

KING'S  SILVER  :  LINCOLN  COLLEGE  (10  S. 
x.  47). — "  King's  silver  "  was  a  payment 
made  to  the  king  for  liberty  to  compromise 
the  fictitious  and  amicable  suit  which  ended 
in  a  Fine  (or  Final  Concord),  and  established 
the  title  of  a  purchaser  or  donee  of  property. 
This  was  a  common  method  of  conveying 
lands,  and  was  also  used  for  effecting 
transfers,  by  gift  or  sale,  of  advowsons 
and  Church  property.  The  "  King's  Silver 
Books "  for  certain  years  exist  at  the 
Record  Office,  but  some  are  not  now  legible. 
From  these,  or,  if  they  are  not  available, 
from  the  Feet  of  Fines,  or  the  Books  of 
Entries  of  Fines,  for  Oxfordshire  it  may  be 
possible  to  get  a  record  of  the  actual  trans- 
actions in  respect  of  which  the  sums  referred 
to  were  payable  for  the  churches  of  Lincoln 
College.  R.  S.  B. 

The  royal  borough  of  Woodstock  contained 
the  parish  of  Long  Combe,  and  from  the  fact  of 
the  manor  and  honour  of  the  former  having 
continued  in  the  Crown  until  the  reign  of 
Queen  Anne,  all  Fines  were  necessarily 
payable  to  the  Clerk  of  the  King's  Silver, 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  AUG.  s, 


an  officer  belonging  to  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas, 

*'  to  whom  every  Fine  is  brought,  after  it  hath  been 
with  the  Gustos  Brevium  [i.e.,  the  principal  clerk  o 
the  Common  Pleas],  and  by  whom  the  effect  of  th 
Writ  of  Covenant  is  entred  in  a  Paper-Book,  anc 
according  to  that  Note,  all  the  Fines  of  that  Terrr 
are  also  recorded  in  the  Rolls  of  the  Court,  and  hi 
Entry  is  in  this  Form  :  He  putteth  the  Shire  oye 
the  Margin,  and  then  saith :    '  A.B.  Dat  Domin< 
Regi  dimidium  Marcse '  (or  more  according  to  the 
value)  '  pro  licentia  Concordandi  C.  cum  C.D.  pro 
talibus  terris  in  tali  villa,  et  habet  Chirographum 
per  pacem  admissum,'  &c." 

King's  silver  itself  is  described  by  Cowe 
in  his  '  Interpreter,'  1701,  as  being 

"properly  that  Money  due  to  the  King  in  th( 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  pro  licentia  concordandi, 
in  respect  of  a  License  then  granted  to  any  Man  for 
passing  a  Fine."— Vol.  vi.  fol.  39  and  43. 

J.  HOLDEN  MAcMiCHAEL. 

HARTLEY  COLERIDGE  (10  S.  x.  49). — Two 
poems  by  Hartley  Coleridge — a  song  and  a 
sonnet — are  to  be  found  in  '  The  Gem 
for  1829,  edited  by  Thomas  Hood.  The 
song  is  the  familiar  one  beginning  "  She 
is  not  fair  to  outward  view."  The  opening 
lines  of  the  sonnet  run  thus  : — 

It  must  be  so — my  infant  love  must  find 
In  my  own  breast  a  cradle  and  a  grave. 

Both  contributions  were  included  by  Der- 
went  Coleridge  in  his  edition  of  his  brother's 
poems,  published  in  1851.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  an  exhaustive  search  through 
the  various  annuals  which  appeared  during 
Hartley  Coleridge's  literary  activity  might 
result  in  the  discovery  of  more  verses. 

S.    BUTTERWORTH. 

"T  WIFE  BAZAAR"  (10  S.  ix.  207,  416). 
— -There  is  an  article  of  some  length  on  wife- 
selling  in  the  Daily  Mail  of  1  March,  1899. 
It  is  quoted,  along  with  extracts  from  other 
newspapers,  by  Prof.  Knapp  in  the  notes 
to  his  edition  of  '  The  Romany  Rye,'  p.  384. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 

CONSTABLES  AND  LIEUTENANTS  OF  THE 
TOWER  OF  LONDON  (10  S.  ix.  61,  161,  243, 
390,  490;  x.  70).— I  thank  MR.  BEAVEN 
for  his  courteous  admission,  and  for  his 
amendments,  which,  so  far  as  supported 
by  evidence,  tend  to  the  completeness  of 
the  catalogue.  I  have  little  to  add. 
'  D.N.B.'  has  "  Penington  or  Pennington." 
I  do  not  know  where  the  name  is  found 
with  one  n  (possibly  an  autograph  ?),  for 
in  '  Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,'  Heylin's  '  Help,' 
Whitelock,  Overall's  Index  to  '  Remem- 
brancia,'  and  all  else  at  hand  I  find  two  n's. 


My  error  "  Earl  of  Dartmouth  "  was  the 
result  of  oversight.  I  now  find  that  my 
only  "  good  company  "  is  Stow's  '  Survey,* 
Strype's  ed.,  Book  I.  p.  77. 

I  am  satisfied  as  to  Col.  Thomas  King. 
W.  L.  RUTTON. 

MILL  AT  GOSPORT,  HANTS  (10  S.  x.  68). — 
Your  correspondent  might  find  assistance 
in  locating  this  mill  from  the  (apparently) 
accurate  description  of  the  immediate 
neighbourhood,  in  or  before  1854,  contained 
in  Besant  and  Rice's  '  By  Celia's  Arbour,*  : 
which  I  have  just  re-read  with  enjoyment. 
By  which  of  the  writers  the  scene  is  described 
I  know  not ;  but  it  is  evidently  drawn  from 
personal  and  (I  may  call  it)  affectionate 
recollection  and  intimacy.  W.  C.  J. 

MAN  IN  THE  ALMANAC  (10  S.  ix.  408,  475  ; 
x.  56). — An  interesting  instance  of  the  use 
of  this  expression  occurs  in  Johnson's 
account  of  Capt.  Edward  England,  '  History 
of  the  Pirates,'  vol.  i.  p.  123  (London, 
T.  Woodward,  1726).  In  narrating  Capt. 
Mackra's  adventures  on  board  England's 
ship,  after  the  fight  at  the  island  of  Juanna 
the  author  says  : — 

"A  Fellow  with  a  terrible  Pair  of  Whiskers,  and 
a  Wooden  Leg,  being  stuck  round  with  Pistols,  like 
bhe  Man  in  the  Almanack  with  Darts,  comes  swear- 
ing and  vapouring  upon  the  Quarter-Deck,  and 
Asks  in  a  Damning  Manner,  which  was  Captain 
Mackra." 

The  story  is  the  more  interesting  in  that 
:he  one-legged  pirate,  as  pointed  out  in  a 
recently  published  book  on  '  The  Malabar 
Pirates,'  is  undoubtedly  the  prototype 
of  Stevenson's  John  Silver  in  '  Treasure 
[sland.'  That  worthy,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, had  served  "  first  with  England, 
then  with  Flint."  He  had  moreover  sailed 
n  the  Cassandra  (the  ship  taken  from 
Capt.  Mackra),  and  had  been  at  the  taking 
of  the  Viceroy  of  the  Indies  (i.e.,  of  Goa), 
who  was  captured  in  a  Portuguese  ship  of 
70  guns  which  the  pirates  found  dismasted 
.t  the  island  of  Mascarine,  near  Mauritius. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  famous  prizes 
n  the  annals  of  piracy,  it  being  asserted  by 
"ohnson  that  there  was  on  board,  "  in  the 
ingle  article  of  Diamonds,  to  the  value  of 
Between  three  and  four  millions  of  Dollars." 

T.  F.  D. 

DOLLS  IN  MAGIC  (10  S.  ix.  168).— The 
Tactice  of  employing  images  of  wax,  or 
ometimes  of  clay,  with  pins,  needles,  or 
horns  stuck  into  them,  for  the  purpose  of 
ausing  the  death  of  a  person  supposed  to 
e  an  enemy,  is  one  of  the  commonest 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  s,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


criminal  acts  recorded  of  magicians.  The 
Duchess  of  Gloucester's  endeavour  to  kill 
Henry  VI.,  whether  the  story  be  true  or 
false,  has  found  a  place  in  history.  We  are 
told  also  that  the  life  of  Pope  Urban  VI. 
was  attempted  in  a  similar  manner.  The 
earliest  instance,  however,  that  occurs  to 
me  is  Egyptian.  There  was  a  plot  to  kill 
Rameses  III.  in  this  way.  The  practice 
is  heard  of  at  Inverness  in  the  earlier  part 
of  the  eighteenth  century  ;  and  I  have  been 
informed  that  similar  acts  of  perfidy  were 
practised  at  a  much  later  time  among  the 
North  American  Indians. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  of  any  having  been 
discovered  in  Great  Britain  during  the  last 
century.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

So  far  as  an  ordinary  reader  can  say, 
Elworthy's  '  Evil  Eye '  is  the  authority. 
There  may  be  in  '  The  Golden  Bough,' 
2nd  ed.,  or  in  Leland's  '  Etruscan  Roman 
Remains,'  1892,  something  ;  but  the  subject 
is  really  sympathetic  magic.  The  index  to 
*  The  Golden  Bough  '  shows  nothing. 

S.  L.  PETTY. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

The  Seven  against  Thebes  of  ^Eschylus.  Edited  by 
T.  G.  Tucker,  Litt.D.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.) 

PROF.  TUCKER'S  edition  of  'The  Seven  against 
Thebes'  appears  in  the  form  we  associate  with 
Jebb's  'Sophocles':  Greek  text  on  one  page, 
English  prose  translation  on  the  facing  page,  and 
below  first  critical  and  then  textual  notes.  It  is 
the  best  possible  arrangement  for  study,  and  Prof. 
Tucker's  work  is  of  a  quality  which  deserves 
the  compliment  of  ranking  with  the  best  Cambridge 
scholarship.  He  follows,  we  are  glad  to  find,  the 
tendency  to  believe  in  the  Medicean  MS.  which  is 
the  chief  source  of  ^Eschylean  text,  and  explain  it 
where  possible,  instead  of  indulging  in  wildly 
ingenious  conjecture.  He  dissents  in  the  Intro- 
duction from  Wecklein,  and  in  the  matter  of 
"  Geschmack  "  mentioned  he  will  win  the  suffrages 
of  most  scholars.  He  has  that  cultivation  and 
sense  of  poetry  without  which  high  degrees  are 
often  gained,  but  which  is  necessary  to  control  the 
sense  of  assurance  gained  by  the  expert.  He 
has,  of  course,  a  great  advantage  in  being  able 
to  consult  the  excellent  work  on  the  play  of 

g-evious  scholars,  such  as  Dr.  Arthur  Sidgwick  and 
r.  Verrall.  His  own  contributions  to  the  subject 
show  a  wide  range  of  erudition,  and  good  judgment. 
We  are  at  once  surprised  and  pleased  to  see  a 
special  annotated  section  at  the  end  devoted  to  the 
Scholia  of  the  Medicean.  From  their  mistakes  as 
well  as  their  correct  conclusions  much  may  be 
learnt,  as  from  Servius  on  Virgil.  The  presence  of 
English  parallels— a  page  of  which  from  Dr.  Leeper 
is  also  added  in  an  Appendix  —  is  satisfactory, 
though  there  is  less  danger  than  there  was  in  the 


days  of  Paley  of  forgetting  that  ^Eschylus  is  a  poet 
as  well  as  a  difficult  Greek  author.  As  the  Preface 
says  regarding  the  edition,  "  Its  object  is  the  con- 
scientious interpretation  of  the  '  Septem '  as  a  work 
of  dramatic  art  and  a  monument  of  Greek  litera- 
ture. To  this  aim  all  else  is  subordinate." 

This  is  an  excellent  aim,  and  the  notes  are 
sufficient  as  regards  matters  of  language  and  usage. 
We  wish,  however,  that  there  was  a  list  of 
a.7ra£  Xeyofjitva  at  the  end — a  list  we  have  made 
invariably  in  our  own  studies  of  all  the  Greek 
dramatists. 

The  editor's  treatment  of  the  text  may  be  exhibited 
in  the  speech  of  Eteocles  in  which  he  says  (1. 257) : 
"  I  vow  to  the  country's  guardian  gods,  whether 
they  watch  the  fields  or  keep  eye  upon  the  mast, 
Aip/c^s  TC  TTT^ycus,  ov8'  air*  'Itr^vov  Aeyco, 
that  if  good  befall  and  the  realm  be  saved,  men 
shall  steep  the  hearths  of  the  gods  in  blood  of 
sheep,"  &c.  The  second  half  of  the  line  we  have 
left  in  Greek  has  been  often  emended.  The  read- 
ing now  given  varies  only  from  the  MS.  by  changing 
3Ia-fiTf]vov  into  JIcr/>i^vov,  following  Abresch,  and 
means  " nor  do  I  rule  Ismenus  out,"  i.e.,  "I  vow  to- 
Dirce's  streams,  and  Ismenus  no  less."  This  seems 
to  us  quite  satisfactory,  and  far  superior,  at  any  rate,, 
to  xvSar  ^Io-/A€vov  Aeyw  (Weil's  Teubner  text), 
v'SarL  r'  'Icr/jwyi/ov  Aeyto  (Sidgwick,  "Oxford 
Classical  Text"),  and  various  wilder  conjectures. 
Prof.  Tucker  himself  once  conjectured  Aoirrpa  T' 
5Io-//,ej/ov,  as  he  notes,  but  has  now  110  doubt  of  the 
true  correction.  Dr.  Verrall's  Boeotian  form  ov8a.ro, 
is  also  very  near  the  MS.,  but  unexampled  in  Greek 
literature.  In  1.  265  TroAe/Aiwv  eo-0>7//,aTa  is  the 
subject  of  a  valuable  note,  pointing  out  that  in 
ancient  days  the  raiment  of  the  foe  was  a  valuable 
part  of  the  spoil,  and  that  the  very  word  "  robe  " 
means  booty.  Cf.  German  Haub,  and  A.-S.  redf= 
clothing,  spoil,  plunder,  as  Prof.  Skeat  says  in  his 
Dictionary.  We  think  that  Prof.  Tucker  has  fairly 
established  a  claim  in  these  and  other  passages  for 
a  consideration  of  his  views. 

The  English  translation  is  spirited  and  abounds 
in  picturesque  touches,  as  befits  the  occasion.  Our 
only  comment  here  is  that  the  sentences  are  occa- 
sionally more  broken  up  than  is  necessary,  with 
the  result  of  something  like  paraphrase  instead  of 
translation. 

IN  The  Cornhill  Magazine  Mr.  W.  E.  Norris  has 
an  amusing  short  story  'The  Missing  Links,'  a 
comedy  of  marriage  engagements.  Mr.  H.  W. 
Lucy's  continuation  of  his  'Sixty  Years  in  the 
Wilderness '  is  full  of  interest,  and  shows  the  spirit 
and  firmness  with  which  he  encountered  various 
set-backs  in  his  career.  The  article  has  many 
pleasant  touches.  Miss  Virginia  Stephen  reviews: 
4  A  Week  in  the  White  House  with  Theodore 
Roosevelt,'  indicating  the  virtues  which  have 
endeared  the  President  to  the  American  People. 
He  is  "  an  alert  machine,  efficient  in  all  its  parts,"" 
possessed  of  a  remarkable  sympathy,  and  his  very 
limitations  are  those  which  appeal  to  the  ordinary 
man.  Mr.  Bernard  Capes  has  an  amusing  article  on 
'  Bad  Relations.'  He  makes  pretty  play  with  the 
old  contention  that  no  person  could  have  been 
exactly  what  he  was  in  real  life  or  fiction  with  any 
other  name  than  his  own.  The  mother-in-law  is  a 
byword  for  discord,  but  the  slander  is  much  older 
than  Mr.  Capes  seems  to  imagine.  He  explains  that 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  s, 


"the  real  bad  relation,  good  people,  is— as  you 
might  have  known  long  ago  if  you  had  not  wilfully 
courted  your  own  obsession — the,  uncle."  In 

*  England's  Neglect  of   Mathematics '  Prof.  G.  H. 
Bryan  refers  to  applications  of  mathematics  which 
usually  go  by  other  names,    He  talks  of  the  Cam- 
bridge Wranglers ;  but  when  he  suggests  that  the 
success  of  Kelvin  shows  the  efficiency  of  the  old 
Tripos,  he  must  know  that  he  is  overstating  things 
in  a  way  which  will  not  deceive  the  expert.      '  Old 
Deeside :  its  Songs  aud  Stories,'  is  an  admirable 
last  article  by  the  late  A.  I.  Shand,  the  notice  of 
whom  by  the  editor  of  The,  Cornhill  might  have 
been  longer.     Mr.   C.  S.  Buxton  tells  the  story  of 
'  Ruskin  College'  at  Oxford,  an  institution  which 
would  be  more  attractive  if  it  produced  less  of  the 
priggish  element. 

The  Nineteenth  Century  this  month  is  an  excep- 
tionally interesting  number,  and  has  several  articles 
well  worth  perusal.  Sir  Edward  Sullivan  has  an 
ingenious  defence  of  Shakespeare's  mistakes  in 
geography,  showing  that  the  waterways  of  Lom- 
bardy  were  much  used,  and  that  Bohemia  had  a 
seacoast.  Miss  Rose  Bradley  has  a  pretty  travel 
article  on  *  The  Month  of  Mary,'  as  the  Basques, 
like  other  Roman  Catholics,  call  May.  Mr.  H.  H. 
Statharn,  one  of  the  most  accomplished  critics  of 
our  day,  has  an  outspoken  paper  on  '  Art  at  the 
Franco-British  Exhibition.'  '  The  Chase  of  the 
Wild  Red  Deer  on  Exmoor,'  which  begins  this 
week,  is  the  subject  of  an  ingenious  apologia  by 
Mr.  R.  A.  Sanders.  Mrs.  Frederic  Harrison  is  just 
beginning  to  be  interesting  on  the  Bastille  when 
the  article  stops.  What  can  be  said  in  six  pages  or 
soon  such  a  subject?  '  Wordsworth,  Coleridge,  and 
the  Spy,'  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Eagleston,  is  an  amusing 
piece  oi'  literary  history.  When  the  two  poets  were 
in  Somerset,  they  spoke  of  a  spy,  whose  existence 
has  been  doubted.  His  existence  is  now  proved  by 
official  documents  in  the  Home  Office  records.  It 
was  not  the  presence  of  Thelwall,  a  notorious 
democrat,  that  led  to  suspicion,  but  it  was  actually 
supposed  that  the  Wordsworths  were  French,  and 
spies.  Sir  F.  C.  Burnand  has  in  '  Un  Peu  de  Pick- 
wick a  la  Francaise'  an  amusing  and  instructive 
.account  of  a  truncated  portion  of  '  Pickwick '  as 
rendered  in  the  Journal  pour  Tons. 

IN   The  Fortnightly  the  best  article  is  one  on 

*  David  Masson '  by  Mr.  R.  S.  Rait,  a  well-informed 
personal  tribute.      'Sweated   Industries,'  by  Mr. 
G.  R.  Askwith,  is  important,  as  coming  from  a  most 
competent  authority.     He  considers  that  as  mini- 
mum wages  exist  on  all  sides,  and  in  some  measure 
in  nearly  every  trade,  the  difficulties  alleged  con- 
cerning their  establishment  are  overrated.    Prof. 
Churton  Collins's   address    on   'The  Literary  In- 
debtedness of  England  to  France '  is  a  counterpart 
to  M.  Yves  Guyot's  address  published  last  month. 
We  notice  that  the  Professor  uses  without  inverted 
•commas  the  phrase  "  the  White  City,"  invented,  we 
believe,  by  the  Daily  Mail  for  the  Franco-British 
Exhibition.     Mrs.  Billington-Greig  writes  an  able 
.article  on  '  The  Sex- disability  and  Adult  Suffrage.' 
Mr.  T.  H.  S.  Escott  gossips  agreeably  on  '  Court  and 
•Crowd  at  Exeter  Hall,'  incidentally  suggesting  that 
"  Brooks  of  Sheffield  "  in  '  David  Copperfield '  was 
a  reminiscence  of  a  Brooks  who  in  1822  promoted 
the  idea  of  "  an  unsectarian  building  for  religious 
and  scientific  societies."    A  striking  short  story  by 
Tourgu^nieff,  '  The  Dog,'  concludes    the  number, 
and  reads  well  in  the  version  of  Margaret  Gough. 


The  Burlington  Magazine  opens  with  an  important 
editorial  article  on  '  The  Preservation  of  Ancient 
Buildings.'  We  hope  that  the  Royal  Commission 
announced  to  report  on  the  subject  will  suggest 
something  definite.  It  is  absurd  that  a  Government 
grant  in  aid  of  inspectors  should  be  denied  when 
public  money  is  freely  spent  on  less  desirable 
objects.  A  Chief  Inspector  ought  to  be  appointed 
at  a  reasonable  salary,  who  would  give  his  time  and 
talents  to  the  care  of  ancient  monuments,  and  come 
down  heavily  on  owners  and  local  authorities  who 
neglected  their  duties.  Mr.  Cecil  H.  Smith  has  an 
interesting  article  on  a  supposed  'Bronze  Bust  of 
Commodus,'  found  in  the  Tioer,  and  now  belonging 
to  Mr.  George  Salting.  Not  many  people  will  re- 
cognize, unless  they  know  history,  Marcus  Aurelius 
as  "  the  author  of  the  '  Reflections.' "  The  original 
title  is  awkward  for  English,  but  surely  it  would  be 
best  to  adopt  that  in  common  use,  viz.,  '  Medita- 
tions.' The  article  is  admirable  alike  in  its  con- 
noisseurship  and  historical  setting.  Mr.  Roger  Fry 
has  an  amply  illustrated  article  on  '  English  Illu- 
minated Manuscripts  at  the  Burlington  Fine- Arts 
Club,'  a  splendid  show  which  deserves  the  best  of 
critical  recognition.  Mr.  G.  F.  Hill  has  a  good 
article,  also  illustrated,  on  the  medallist  Lysippus  ; 
while  Prof.  Holmes  writes  on  '  Some  Constable 
Puzzles'  which  have  been  illuminated  by  Mr. 
Algernon  Graves's  invaluable  work  on  the  British 
Institution.  The  Notes  this  month  include  the 
newly  discovered  name  of  Pisariello,  which  is 
Antonio  Pisano — not  Vittore,  as  was  gathered  from 
Vasari.  The  cracks  in  the  ceiling  of  the  Sistine 
Chapel  were,  it  is  pointed  out  by  Sir  Hubert  von 
Herkomer  in  '  My  School  and  My  Gospel,'  in  some 
cases  painted  by  Michelangelo  !  It  is  suggested 
that  he  did  this  to  persuade  the  Pope  that  he  was 
blundering  with  his  material.  Mr.  A.  H.  Maude  is 
not  satisfied  with  this  explanation,  and  thinks  the 
trick  was  a  mere  caprice  on  Michelangelo's  part. 
Under  'Art  in  America'  Prof.  Holmes  notices 
Rembrandt's  portrait  of  himself  (1658)  and  three 
pictures  by  Van  Dyck.  These  four  pictures  are  re- 
produced, and,  being  all  splendid  examples  of  two 
masters,  are  acquisitions  calculated  to  make  any 
collector  envious. 


10  <K0msp0tttonts. 


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121 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  15,  1008. 


CONTENTS.— No.  242. 

NOTES  :  —  Spenser  Allusions  —  Toothache,  121  —  London 
Statues  and  Memorials,  122 — Victoria  Statue,  Lancaster — 
Gloucestershire  Poll-Books,  124— Gascoigne  and  Euripides 
— Robert  Johnson's  '  World ' — "  Hovelling" — David  Pole  : 
David  Powell,  125— Loten's  Museum— Shacklewell  Lane- 
King's  '  Classical  Quotations  '—England's  Wooden  Walls  : 
Navarino  Flagship,  126— Bream's  Buildings:  the  Name, 
127. 

.QUERIES :— Seventeenth-Century  Quotations,  127— Warren 
Hastings's  Son— Stanley's  Mission  to  Paris,  1761— Throat- 
cutting  at  Public  Executions — Dr.  Isaac  Basire's  Portrait 
— French  Anonymous  Biographies — Widkirk  :  '  The  Wake- 
field  Mysteries,'  128— Friday  Street— St.  Margaret's  Hos- 
pital or  Green  Coat  School — Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted 
—'Intellect  and  Valour  of  Great  Britain'— St.  Ken  elm's 
at  Ware — Reynolds  on  an  Equestrian  Statue,  129— Dean 
Cookes — 'Epulum  Parasiticum ' — Accession  and  Corona- 
tion Coins  —  Zoffany  —  Siege  of  Danzig  —  H.  Hopper, 
Modeller,  130. 

KEPLIES :— The  National  Flag,  130— Vowel-shortening— 
Salarino,  Salanio,  and  Salerio — French  Words  in  Scotch, 
132— Romans  at  York—' '  Sabariticke  "—Medal  of  Charles  I. 
— Holy  Grail  —  Snail-eating  and  Gipsies  —  Defoe :  the 
Devil's  Chapel — Prior  and  his  Chloe,  134 — "Angel"  of  an 
Inn— Tiger  Folk-lore  and  Pope— St.  Andrew's  Cross- 
Rushlights — Dickens  on  "Half- Baptized, "135— Brass  as  a 
•Surname— Johnson's  'Tropical  Climates '—Crows  "crying 
Against  the  rain,"  136 — "Buccado" — Budgee,  a  Kind  of 
Ape— "Sinews  of  War  "—Counting  bringing  Ill-Luck— 
Henry  Ellison,  137— The  Bonassus— Old  Tunes— Wine  used 
at  Holy  Communion— T.  L.  Peacock:  "Skylight"  and 
"Twilight  "—Swimming  Bath,  138. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— '  The  Ideal  of  a  Gentleman '— '  The 
National  Review.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 


SPENSER    ALLUSIONS. 

THAT  learned  lover  of  the  noble  Spenser, 
Dr.  Gollancz,  hopes  that  some  day,  as  the 
•Chaucer  and  Shakspere  allusions  have  been 
•collected  and  edited,  a  like  service  may  be 
done  for  Spenser.  In  editing  the  '  Shake- 
ispeare  Allusion  Book '  (to  appear  two 
:months  hence)  for  Chatto  &  Windus's 
"  Shakespeare  Library  "  I  have  come  across 
-a  number  of  fairly  early  references  to  the 
.gentle  exile  of  Kilcoman,  and  for  the  benefit 
of  that  future  Spenserian  labourer  beg  a 
little  space  to  record  them. 

1.  *  Archseologicae  Attice,'  by  Francis  Rous,  1637, 
p.  86. 

2.  '  Valentinian,'  by  the  Earl  of  Rochester,  1696, 
p.  128. 

3.  *  Caroloiades,'    by   Hon.    Ed.  Howard,    1689, 
•sig.  A  4. 

4.  «  The  British  Princes,'  by  Hon.  Ed.  Howard, 
1669,  A  5  b,  A  6. 

5.  «  Epigrams,'  by  R.  Heath,  1650,  p.  48. 

6.  '  Maggots,'  by  Sam.  Wesley,  1685,  pp.  30,  32. 

7.  '  Poems  collected  by  N.  Tate '  (1685), '  Pastoral,' 
by  Mr.  Adams,  1683,  p.  45.    See  also  p.  91. 

8.  '  Chorus  Poetarum,'  1674. 

9.  Jane  Barker's  «  Poems,'  1688,  poem  by  "  Phi- 
laster." 

10.  Another   in   the    same   volume,    pt.   ii.,    by 
J.  Whitehall,  p.  39. 


11.  '  The  Humours    and    Conversations    of    the 
Town.'  1693,  pp.  81,  82,  83,  84. 

12.  'Poems  on  Aftairs    of    State,'    1703,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  235,  274.     (Dates  of  poems  earlier  than  1703). 

13.  «  De  Re  Poetica,'  by  Sir  Thos.  Pope  Blount, 
1694,  PIx  52,  114,  136,  137,  213-16. 

14.  'Run  and  a  Great  Cast,'  by  Thos.  Freeman, 
1614,  epig.  64. 

15.  *  Letters  and  Verses  to  William  and  Lady 
Cavendish,  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Newcastle,'  1678, 
p.  160. 

16.  '  Arraignement  of  the  Whole  Creature,'  &c., 
by  R.Henderson,  1631,  p.  186. 

17.  '  Virgidimiarum,'     by     Joseph     Hall,      1599 
(Grosart's   edition),    p.  11.      See  Grosart's  Intro- 
duction. 

18.  *  De  Arte  Graphica,'  by  Dryden,  1695,  p.  108. 

19.  '  Poems,'  by  Matthew  Prior,  1709,  p.  272. 

The  future  collector  will  also  find  a  goodly 
number  of  Spenser  allusions  in  the  '  Chaucer 
Allusions,'  now  nearing  completion,  edited 
by  Miss  Spurgeon  for  the  Chaucer  Society, 
and  in  the  '  Shakespeare  Allusion  Book.' 
Perhaps  some  other  '  N.  &  Q.'  men,  like 
MB.  G.  THORN  -  DBUBY,  whose  Shakspere 
references  have  been  of  great  help  to  me, 
will  record  the  Spenser  allusions  they  happen 
to  notice.  JOHN  MUNBO. 


TOOTHACHE. 

(See5S.  xi.  88,515.) 

SKILLED  operators,  using  fine  instruments 
and  anaesthetics,  have  done  much  to 
diminish  this  ill  that  flesh  is  heir  to.  But 
in  the  days  before  dentists,  toothache  was 
terrible,  as  is  evident  from  what  has  been 
said  of  it.  Apostles  are  reputed  to  have 
suffered  much  :  St.  Peter's  toothache  was 
cured  by  Christ  (5  S.  viii.  144  ;  10  S.  ii.  259)  ; 
and  according  to  some  commentators  it 
was  St.  Paul's  thorn  in  the  flesh  (Woodhead, 
Allestree,  and  Walker,  *  Paraph.  St.  Paul,' 
1675,  p.  163). 

On  one  of  the  Early  English  capitals  in 
Wells  Cathedral  is  a  huge  carving  of  the 
contorted  face  of  a  man,  probably  a  bishop, 
who  with  one  hand  is  pulling  away  his 
cheek  from  his  gums,  as  if  making  way  for 
the  insertion  of  the  forceps.  It  is  locally 
known  as  "  the  man  with  the  toothache." 

The  appeal  to  St.  Apollonia,  the  patron 
saint  of  the  teeth,  is  noticed  by  Stillingfleet 
('  Idolatry  in  the  Church  of  Rome,'  ed.  2, 
1672,  p.  131)  ;  and  Mr.  Ford  reports  that 
in  his  time  prayer  was  still  made  to  her  in 
Spain  ('  Gatherings  from  Spain,'  1846, 
p.  259).  Much  about  her  is  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
(2  S.  i.  213,  323,  340  ;  3  S.  vi.  178  ;  5  S. 
viii.  144,  292  ;  6  S.  i.  126).  Pascal  is  said 
to  have  worked  a  cure  for  himself  by 
mathematics  ( ?  authority).  Certainly  human 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  AUG.  is,  im 


remedies  seem  to  have  been  unavailing.  Sir 
Kenelm  Digby  gives  only  one  receipt,  and 
that  not  on  his  own  testimony  : — 

"One  that  had  the  tooth-ach  in  great  extremity, 
and  had  tried  many  medicines  in  vain,  took  a  little 
cotton  and  imbibed  it  with  Lucatella's  balsam,  and 
so  put  it  into  the  hollow  tooth." 

A  second  application  worked  a  permanent 
cure  ('  Receipts  in  Physic,'  ed.  2,  1677,  p.  23). 
For  this  balsam  see  The  Yorksh.  Archceol. 
Journ.,  vii.  57. 

Butler  ridicules  the  quacks  who  "  scare 
with  rhimes  the  tooth-ache"  ('Hudibras,' 
pt.  ii.  canto  hi.  289),  on  which  see  Grey's 
note,  quoting  Ben  Jonson's  tooth-drawer, 
who  "  calls  out  bitter  teeth  at  a  twitch, 
commands  them  out  of  any  man's  head 
upon  the  point  of  his  poignard,  tickles 
them  forth  with  his  riding-rod,  and  draws 
teeth  a  horseback  in  full  speed"  ('Pan's 
Anniversary,'  1625,  '  Works,'  ed.  Cornwall, 
1838,  p.  643)  ;  and  a  passage  from  John 
Taylor's  '  Figure  Flinger  '  :  "  With  two 
words,  and  three  leaves  of  four-leav'd  grass, 
he  makes  the  toothache  stay,  repass,  or  pass." 
'  N.  &  Q.'  has  recorded  much  folk-lore  on 
this  subject. 

Shakespeare  says  "  he  that  sleeps  feels 
not  the  toothache"  (' Cymbeline,'  V.  iv.)  ; 
and  in  '  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,'  III.  ii., 
when  Benedick  says  he  has  the  toothache, 
Pedro  replies  "  draw  it,"  and  Claudio  adds 
that  it  "is  but  a  humour,  or  a  worm," 
alluding  to  the  idea  that  it  was  caused  by 
a  worm  at  the  root  of  the  tooth. 

Christopher  Ness  declares  that  toothache 
is  a  direct  warning  of  death,  and  that  it 
makes  us  compassionate  with  our  fellow- 
sufferers  "  under  that  dolorous  distemper  " 
('History  and  Mystery,'  1690,  i.  195,  402). 
Burns  in  his  '  Address  to  the  Toothache  ' 
says  that  sympathy,  so  helpful  in  other 
complaints,  is  of  no  use  in  this,  "  the 
hell  of  all  diseases,"  and  begs  the  devil  to 
give  all  Scotland's  foes  "  a  towmond's 
toothache." 

Southey  counts  among  those  who  do 
not  desire  the  "  everlasting  now  "  "  those 
who  have  the  toothache,  or  who  are  having 
a  tooth  drawn  ".('The  Doctor,'  ed.  1848, 
p.  63).  De  Quincey,  who  was  led  to  opium- 
eating  by  "  that  terrific  curse,"  has  an 
interesting  note  to  show  that  we  should 
be  more  horrified  by  toothache  but  for  its 
enormous  diffusion  and  its  immunity  from 
danger  ('  Works,'  ed.  1862,  i.  4). 

Poems  and  essays  have  been  written  by 
literary  men  upon  the  gout,  and  there  are, 
of  course,  countless  professional  treatises 
on  dentistry  ;  but  I  have  met  with  only  one 


on  toothache  which  can  be  called  literary  r 
'  The  Toothache,  imagined  by  Horace- 
Mayhew,  and  realised  by  George  Cruik- 
shank,'  43  coloured  and  folded  plates,. 
12mo,  David  Bogue,  1849. 

Tooth-extraction,  gold  and  other  stopping,, 
and  artificial  teeth  were  all  known  at  an 
early  date  ;  see  the  evidence  at  1  S.  x.  242,. 
355,  510  ;  xi.  51,  264,  316,  512  ;  2  S.  xii.  417,. 
481  ;  3  S.  ix.  420  ;  5  S.  xi.  448,  497  ;  xiu 
296  ;  6  S.  vii.  17.  There  is  a  curious  allusion 
in  '  A  Second  Edition  of  the  New  Almanack 
for  the  Year  1656  '  :  "  He  might  have  gone- 
to  one  or  two  of  our  London  teeth-chandlers,. 
&  have  taken  whole  bushels  of  this  bone- 
seed  "  (p.  9).  John  Watts,  operator,. 
Raquet  Court,  Fleet  Street,  advertises 
in  Riders'  '  British  Merlin,'  1709,  that  he 
supplies  artificial  teeth,  "  set  in  so  well  as- 
to  eat  with  them,  not  to  be  discovered  from, 
natural,  nor  to  be  taken  out  at  night." 

W.  C.  B. 


LONDON  STATUES  AND  MEMORIALS. 
(See  10  S.  ix.   1,   102,  282,  363,  481.) 

86.  Statue  of  Thomas  Guy,  Guy's  Hos- 
pital.— The  munificent  founder  of  the  hos- 
pital died  in  1724,  and  was  buried  in  the 
hospital  chapel.     Over  his  grave  a  marble- 
statue  was  placed  in  1779  at  a  cost  of  1,OOOZ. 
The   outdoor   statue   stands   in   the   centre^ 
of  the  quadrangle  opposite  the  main  entrance- 
gates.     It  was  placed  in  position  in  1734. 

87.  Crosby  Obelisk,  Blackfriars  Road. — 
Erected  in   1771   to  the  memory  of  Brass- 
Crosby,  Esq.,  Lord  Mayor  of  London.     Its- 
removal  was  discussed  in  1904. 

88.  Statues   of   (a)   Sir   Robert   Clayton, 
and  (b)  Edward  VI.,  St.  Thomas's  Hospital. 
— The  old  hospital  in  Southwark  was  pulled 
down  and  the  present  buildings  erected  in 
1870-71.     These  statues  were  then  re-erected 
in  their  present  positions,     (a)  According  to 
the  Latin  inscription  thereon,   this   statue^ 
was  erected  in  Sir  R.  Clayton's  lifetime  by 
the  Governors,  A.D.  MDCCI.,  and  by  them 
beautified   A.D.    MDCCXIV.     (6)   This   statue- 
"  was    erected    at    the    expense    of    Charles 
Joyce,  Esquire,  in  the  year  MDCCXXXVII." 

89.  Memorial  Fountain  to  a  Dog,  Batter- 
sea. — Erected  in  the  Recreation  Ground  at 
a  cost  of  130Z.,  subscribed  by  members  of 
the  International   Anti- Vivisection  Council. 
It  was  unveiled  on  15  Sept.,   1906,  and  is, 
as  the  inscription  sets  forth,   "  In  memory 
of  the  brown  terrier  dog  done  to  death  in 
the    laboratories    of   University    College    in 
February,  1903,  after  having  endured  vivi- 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  15, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


123 


section  extending  over  more  than  two  Sites  have  also  been  selected  for  statues 
months,  and  having  been  handed  over  from  (a)  of  Sir  Henry  Irving,  north  of  the  National 
one  vivisector  to  another  until  death  came  Portrait  Gallery,  Charing  Cross  Road  ; 
to  his  release."  (6)  of  Sir  Wilfrid  Lawson,  in  the  Victoria 

90.  Statue  of  Lord  Strathnairn,  Knights-    Embankment  Gardens.     The  new   "  Paul's- 
bridge. — I  am  unable  to  supply  the  exact    Cross  "  will  also  be  dominated  by  a  colossal 
date  of  the  erection  of  this  spirited  eques-    bronze  statue  of  St.  Paul. 

trian  statue  by  the  late  E.  Onslow  Ford.  I   shall  be  very  grateful  if  readers  will 

91.  Tate  Memorial,   Brixton. — This  me-    kindly  supply  missing    dates    of   inaugura- 
morial  consists  of  a  bronze  bust  on  a  pedestal    tion  or  unveiling.      As    far   as   I    know,   I 
of  the  late  Sir  Henry  Tate.     It  stands  in    have    supplied   them    wherever    I    possess 
the   library   garden,   and  was   unveiled  by    them.     The  names  of  any  statues  or  me- 
Mr.  Evan  Spicer,  11  Oct.,  1905.  morials   I   may   have   missed   will   also   be 

92.  Statue  of  Henry  Fawcett,  Vauxhall    acceptable.       I     should    welcome    particu- 
Park. — The  site  of  the  house  long  occupied    lars   concerning  the  fate   of   the   following 
by  the  late  Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Fawcett  is  in-    statues,  which  once  existed  in  the  places 
eluded  in  the  open  space  known  as  Vauxhall    named  : — 

Park.     Here  was  set  up  in   1893  a  terra-        George  I.,  Grosvenor  Square. 

cotta  statue  of  the  blind  statesman,  the  gift        Charles  II.,  Soho  Square. 

of  Sir  Henry  Doulton.  George  III.,  Berkeley  Square. 

93.  Carabiniers'  Memorial,  Chelsea  Em-        Duke  of  Cumberland,  Cavendish  Square 
bankment. — This  commemorates  the  officers    (see  9  S.  ii.  528). 

and  men  of  the  6th  Dragoon  Guards  who        Duke      of      Marlborough,      Marlborough 

fell   in   South   Africa.     Unveiled   by   Lord    Square  (see  7  S.  x.  214). 

Roberts,  23  June,  1906.  Duke  of  Wellington,  Tower  Green. 

94.  Statue   of  Thomas  Carlyle,   Chelsea        Concerning    the    George    IV.    statue    at 
Embankment. — This   stands   not   far   from    Battle  Bridge  see  7  S.  ix.  508;    x.  58,  131, 
the  house  in  which  Carlyle  died,  24,  Cheyne    213. 

Row.  It  was  unveiled  by  Prof.  Tyndall,  Does  the  statue  of  (?)  Alfred  the  Great 
26  Oct.,  1882.  On  the  front  of  the  house  still  stand  in  Trinity  Square,  Southwark  (see 
itself  is  a  marble  medallion  of  Carlyle,  the  8  S.  viii.  85,  230),  and  that  of  Lord  Eldon 
gift  of  the  Carlyle  Society.  It  was  inaugu-  at  Wandsworth  Road  Schools  ? 
rated  on  the  fifth  anniversary  of  his  death,  The  statue  of  Henry  Peto  which  I  saw  in 
5  Feb.,  1886.  Furnival's  Inn  in  1890  has,  I  understand,, 

95.  Rossetti  Memorial  Fountain,  Chelsea    been   broken    up,    being    simply    a   plaster 
Embankment. — Erected  opposite  the   house    cast. 

which  Rossetti  rented  from  1863  until  his  is  the  statue  of  Robert  Aske  still  to  be 
death  at  Birchington  in  1882.  Unveiled  seen  at  Hoxton  ?  and  that  of  James  Hulbert 
by  Mr.  Holman  Hunt,  14  July,  1887.  at  Newington  ? 

96.  Statue  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Chelsea        The  statues  of  Edward  VI.  and  Sir  John 
Physic   Garden.— Erected   by   the   Apothe-    Moore  from  Christ's  Hospital  are,  I  believe, 
caries'  Society  at  a  cost  of  280Z.,  about  the    removed  to  Horsham. 

year  1737.  Is  the  statue  of  William  III.  presented 

97.  Bust  of  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  Crystal    b     the  Kaiser  yet  placed  ?     The  King  ap- 
Palace.— This    tremendous    creation    some    proved  a  site  near  Kensington  Palace  last 
8  or  9  ft.  high,  the  work  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Wood-    February. 

ington,  was  set  up  on  the  Terrace  in  1869,  Ligts  of  the  London  statues,  &c.,  appear 
and  removed  thence  to  the  Parade  in  1899.  in  « H  dn>s  Dictionary  of  Dates'  ;  Timbs's 
Perhaps  however,  it  is  too  far  out  to  be  «  Curiosities  of  London>  .  <  Murray's  Guide 
classified  under  London  statues.  to  London';  Bohn's  'Pictorial  Hand- 

Since  the  MS.  of  this  list  was  prepared    book  of  London '  ;    'The   Picture  of  Lon- 
there    have    been    erected    (a)    a    memorial    don    ;      The   Citizens     Pocket  Chronicle'; 
to  Dr.  Barnardo  at  the  Girls'  Home,  Barking-    (  Dickens  s  Dictionary  of  London    ;    Hart  » 
side,  unveiled  by  the  Duchess  of  Albany  on      Guide  to  the  Sights  of  London,  &c. 
19  June ;     (6)   a  colossal  bronze  statue  of        See    also    The    Mirror,    15    Sept.,    1838  ; 
Queen    Alexandra    in    the    grounds    of    the    Illustrated   London   News,    19    July,    1862 ; 
London  Hospital,   Whitechapel  Road,   un-    andPoM  Mall  Gazette,  22  May,  1882. 
veiled    by    the    Earl    of    Crewe,    Colonial  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Secretary,  10  July.  I     LonS  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  im 


The  statue  of  Bishop  Heber  in  St.  Paul's 
•Cathedral,  London,  is  behind  the  altar.  A 
replica  of  it  occupies  a  prominent  position 
in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Calcutta,  whither 
it  was  removed  from  St.  John's  Church, 
•Calcutta. 

The  London  statue  of  Lord  Napier  of 
Magdala  near  the  Duke  of  York's  Column 
is  a  replica  of  the  Calcutta  statue  at  Prinsep's 

•Ghat.  WlLMOT    CORFIELD. 

Calcutta  Historical  Society. 


VICTORIA  STATUE,  LANCASTER. — The  sug- 
gestion by  COM.  EBOR.  (10  S.  ix.  284)  that 
MR.  PAGE'S  labours  on  statues  or  memorials 
should  be  made  to  include  the  whole  of 
-Great  Britain  and  Ireland  is  very  good, 
.and  in  this  direction  I  subjoin  an  abstract  of 
the  description  I  recently  prepared,  for  a 
;small  guide  to  our  town,  of  the  very  hand- 
some statue  of  Queen  Victoria  just  given 
by  Lord  Ashton  to  Lancaster.  It  is  un- 
doubtedly the  finest  in  the  provinces.  It 
stands  in  Dalton  Square,  facing  the  new 
Town  Hall,  also  the  gift  of  Lord  Ashton  to 
his  native  town. 

The  statue  and  pedestal  are  36  ft.  7  in. 
high.  The  bronze  figure  of  the  Queen, 
which  stands  on  a  Furness  limestone  base, 
is  12  ft.  high.  Underneath  are  four  bronze 
lions.  The  panels  contain  more  than  life-size 
figures  of  Victorian  celebrities.  The  corner 
figures  represent  Truth,  Freedom,  Justice, 
and  Wisdom.  On  the  sides  are  the  arms 
of  Lord  Ashton  and  the  borough. 

The  statue  is  the  masterpiece  so  far  of 
Mr.  Herbert  Hampton.  He  is  a  man  of  great 
promise,  and  has  exhibited  in  the  Royal 
Academy  and  elsewhere. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

GLOUCESTERSHIRE  POLL  -  BOOKS.  (For 
other  Poll-Books  see  10  S.  vii.  349,  415  ;  viii. 
76,  177,  453,  477.)— The  following  list  of 
Gloucestershire  Poll-Books  is  compiled  from 
•copies  in  the  Gloucester  Public  Library  and 
irom  the  '  Manual  of  Gloucestershire  Litera- 
ture,' 3  vols.,  1895-6.  Unless  stated  other- 
wise, the  lists  were  printed  locally  and  in  the 
year  of  election.  Notes  of  Poll-Books  for 
other  elections  in  Gloucestershire  will  be 
welcomed. 

GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
1776,  May  6  to  17.    Two  editions.    Gloucester  and 

London. 
1811,  Jan.  28  to  Feb.  7.    Gloucester. 

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.— EASTERN  DIVISION. 
1832,  December  [21J.    Gloucester,  1833. 
1834,  August  11-12.    Gloucester. 
1854,  January  12.    Gloucester. 


GLOUCESTERSHIRE.— WESTERN  DIVISION. 
Contested  elections  in  1832,  1847,  1852,  1867,  1868. 
None  known. 

GLOUCESTER  CITY. 
1741,  May  26.    London. 
1816,  October  1-8.     Two  editions. 
1818,  June  16-23.     Two  editions,  1818  and  1826. 
1830,  July  30— August  4.     Two  editions. 

1832,  December  10-11.    1833. 

1833,  April  8-9. 
1835,  January  6-7. 

1837,  July  25. 

1838,  May  22. 
1841,  June  30. 

1852,  JulyS. 

1853,  Januarys. 
1857,  March  28. 
1859,  April  30. 
1862,  February  26. 
1865,  July  12. 

BRISTOL. 

1722,  March  28— April  3. 
1734,  May    14-24.       Two    editions,    London    and 

Bristol. 

1739,  November  28— December  12. 
1754,  April  17— May  1.     Three  editions. 
1774,  October  7— November  3.     Three  editions. 
1781,  January  31— February  24. 
1784,  April  3— May  8. 
1812,  October  6-16.    Bristol,  1818. 

1830,  July  30— August  5. 

1832,  December  12-13.    Two  editions.     1833. 

1835,  January  7-9. 

1837,  July  24.    Two  editions. 

1841,  June  29. 

1847,  July  30.  Bristol,  1848. 
1852,  July  9.  Bristol,  1853. 

ClRENCESTER. 

1768,  March  23-29. 
1790,  June  16-18. 
1802,  July  5-7.     Tetbury. 
1812,  October  6-12. 

1848,  May  24. 
1852,  [July  7]. 

1857,  [March  28].    Two  editions. 
1859,  [April  30]. 
1865,  [July  12]. 
1868,  [November  17]. 

TEWKESBURY. 

1831,  May  2-3. 

1832,  December  11-12. 
1837,  July  25. 

1852,  July  8. 

CHELTENHAM. 

1847,  July  30.    Two  editions. 

1848,  June  29. 
1848,  September  4. 
1852,  July  9. 

1855,  July  14. 

1856,  May  8. 
1859,  April  30. 
1865,  July  12. 

1868,  [November  17]. 

STROUD. 

1832,  December  11-12.     Stroud,  1833. 
1841,  June  30.     Two  editions. 
1852,  July  7. 
1868,  [November  19]. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 
Public  Library,  Gloucester. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


GASCOIGNE  AND  EURIPIDES. — In  his  intro- 
duction to  a  reprint  of  Greene's  '  Pandosto  ' 
("  Shakespeare  Library,"  Chatto  &  Windus, 
1907)  Mr.  P.  G.  Thomas  repeats  the  state- 
ment— made,  I  believe,  in  the  first  place 
by  Warton,  afterwards  by  Collier,  and  lately 
by  Mr.  Courthope — that  Gascoigne  in  his 
'  Jocasta '  adapted  the  *  Phcenissae '  of 
Euripides.  As  J.  A.  Symonds  pointed  out 
in  his  '  Shakespeare's  Predecessors,'  Gas- 
coigne was  not  adapting  the  Greek  dramatist 
in  this  play,  but  translating  Ludovico  Dolce, 
whose  '  Giocasta  '  (*  Teatro  Antico  Italiano,' 
vol.  vi.)  was  published  in  1549.  Any  one 
who  is  sufficiently  interested  in  these  matters 
can  compare  the  two  plays,  as  they  are 
printed  side  by  side  in  a  scholarly  edition 
by  Prof.  Cunliffe  (Heath's  "  Belles-Lettres 
Series,"  1906).  FRANCIS  WOOLLETT. 

ROBERT  JOHNSON'S  'WORLD/ — The  geo- 
graphical work  of  Robert  Johnson  is  a  scarce 
book,  and  is  interesting  because  it  is  of  the 
time  of  Shakespeare  (by  one  of  whose  pub- 
lishers it  was  issued),  because  it  contains 
early  descriptions  of  the  East  and  of  America, 
and  because  it  has  been  of  some  use  to  the 
'New  English  Dictionary.'  It  is  a  translation 
from  the  Italian  of  '  Le  Relationi  Univer- 
sal!,' by  Giovanni  Botero,  and  received 
some  attention  at  3  S.  iv.  110. 

The  first  edition  was  : — 

(A)  The  Travellers  Breviat,  or  An  historicall  de- 
scription of  the  most  famous  kingdomes  in  the 
World  :  Relating  their  scituations,  mariners, 
customes,  ciuill  gouernment,  and  other  memor- 
able matters.  Translated  into  English.  Im- 
printed at  London  by  Edm.  Bollifant,  for  lohn 
laggard.  1601. 

Small  4to,  ending  on  p.  179  ;  the  dedication 
to  Edward,  Earl  of  Worcester,  signed 
"  Robert  lohnson." 

(C)  Historicall    Description    of    the    most    famous 

Kingdomes  and  Commonweales  in  the  Worlde, 
translated  into  Englishe,  with  an  addition  of 
the  relation  of  Saxony,  Geneva,  Hungary,  and 
Spaine.  London,  John  Jaggard,  1603.  Sm.  4to. 

For  a  copy  of  this  Mr.  Quaritch  asked  three 
guineas  some  years  ago. 

(D)  Relations,  Of  the  Most  Famovs  Kingdoms  and 
Common-weales  thorovgh  the  World.   Discours- 
ing of  their  Scituations,   Manners,   Customes, 
Strengthes    and    Pollicies.        Translated    into 
English  and  enlarged,  with  an  Addition  of  the 
estates  of  Saxony,  Geneua,  Hungary,  and  the 
East  Indies,   in   any    Language    neuer    before 
imprinted.     London,  Printed  for  lohn  laggard, 
dwelling  in  Fleetstreet,  at  the  Hand  and  Starre, 
betweene  the  two  Temple  gates,  1608. 

Small  4to,  B  to  p  ;  pagination  begins  on 
Q,  113,  and  ends  on  p.  330.  The  dedication 
is  signed  "  R.  I." 


(E.)  A  later  edition  of  D,  "enlarged 
according  to  moderne  Observation."  Lon- 
don, John  Jaggard,  1616,  sm.  4to.  For  this 
Quaritch  asked  fifty  shillings. 

But  between  A  and  C  there  was  another 
edition,  which  has  hitherto  escaped  notice  :— 

(B)  The  Worlde,  or  An  historicall  description  of 
the  most  famous  kingdohies  and  common- weales- 
therein.     Relating  their  scituations,  manners,, 
customes,  ciuill  gouernment,  and  other  memor- 
able matters.      Translated  into  English,  and 
inlarged.       Imprinted   at    London     by    Edm, 
Bollifant,  for  lohn  laggard.    1601. 
Small  4to,  2  leaves + pp.  1-222  ;    dedication 
signed  "  I.  R." 

The  dedication  to  Edward,  Earl  of  Wor- 
cester (for  whom  see  'D.N.B.,'  liii.  231), 
is  identical  in  A,  B,  and  D.  The  change 
of  title  from  'The  Travellers  Breviat'  to 
'  The  Worlde,'  and  the  transposing  of  the 
initials  from  "  R.  I."  to  "  I.  R."  were- 
doubtless  publisher's  tricks.  I  have  not 
seen  C  and  E.  W.  C.  B. 

"  HOVELLING." — Before  the  Select  Com- 
mittee on  Cinque  Port  Pilots,  sitting  on 
27  June,  1833,  Edward  Darby,  managing 
clerk  to  a  firm  of  ship  agents,  who  had 
resided  at  Deal  all  his  life,  was  questioned 
as  to  the  deplorable  condition  of  the  boatmen 
there.  He  was  asked  (Minutes  of  Evidence 
in  '  Parl.  Pap.,  Eng.,  1833,'  vii.  534)  :— 

"Q.  29.  Have  you  lost  any  other  branch  of 
employ  ? — What  we  term  hovelling  is  not  so  good 
as  it  was ;  that  arises  from  the  introduction  of 
chain  cables  instead  of  hemp  cables. 

"30.  What  is  hovelling  ?— Supplying  ships  with 
anchors  and  cables,  and  such  things  as  that. 

"  31.  And  that  is  not  so  brisk  a  trade  as  it  was  ? 
— Certainly  not. 

"32.  To  what  do  you  attribute  the  change  ?— The 
introduction  of  chain  cables  principally,  to  the 
exclusion  of  hemp." 

The  context  clearly  differentiates  the  trade 
of  "  hovelling  "  from  smuggling.  It  seems- 
worth  while  to  ask  for  this  to  be  recorded 
in  view  of  the  article  on  the  word  in  'N.E.D.' 

Q.  V. 

DAVID  POLE  :  DAVID  POWELL,  FELLOWS 
OF  OXFORD  COLLEGES. — One  David  Pole,. 
Fellow  of  All  Souls,  resigned  in  1553  ('Ar- 
chives of  All  Souls  College,  Oxford,'  p.  379). 
He  was  clearly  the  David  Pole  of  '  D.N.B.,' 
xlvi.  20. 

One  David  Powell,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Oriel 
(not  mentioned  in  Foster's  '  Alumni  Oxoni- 
enses  '),  was  ordained  sub-deacon  in  New 
College  Chapel  on  18  Feb.,  1553  (Frere's 
'  Marian  Reaction,'  p.  215).  One  David 
Powell  was  admitted  to  the  vicarage  of 
Kenton,  Devon,  4  Aug.,  1554,  and  succeeded 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  im 


30  May,  1562  (Oliver's  '  Ecclesiastical  Anti- 
quities,' i.  18).  A' prebendary  of  Salisbury 
of  this  name  is  mentioned  by  Dr.  Sander 
as  deprived  at  Queen  Elizabeth's  accession 
<Gee's  '  Elizabethan  Clergy,'  p.  227). 

The  'D.N.B.,'  xlvi.  238,  and  Foster's 
4  Alumni  Oxonienses  '  make  the  "  Welsh 
antiquary,"  who  married  about  1572,  be- 
come a  Fellow  of  All  Souls  in  1573.  The 
person  who  was  elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls 
in  1573,  and  graduated  M.A.  6  July,  1576, 
was  another  David  Powell,  one  of  the  sons 
of  Howell  ap  James  of  Pant-glas.  He  be- 
came Rector  of  Llanwetherine  in  Monmouth- 
shire in  1578.  By  8  February  he  had 
arrived  at  Paris  with  two  other  "  Welsh 
priests,"  William  Morgan  and  Thomas 
Pryse,  both  of  Brecknockshire,  with  a  view 
of  going  to  Rheims  and  becoming  priests 
and  scholars  of  the  seminary  ('  Cal.  S.P. 
For.  1581-2,'  p.  486).  However,  in  point 
of  fact  none  of  them  did  go  on  to  Rheims. 
David  Powell  returned  to  Llanwetherine, 
married,  and  died  11  Aug.,  1621,  in  posses- 
sion of  the  living,  in  which  he  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  Valentine,  born  about  1591 
{Bradney's  '  Monmouthshire,'  pp.  264,  272). 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

LOTEN'S  MUSEUM. — I  think  the  following 
from  The  Eastern  Morning  News  of  22  July 
is  worthy  of  a  place  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  For  many 
years  the  museum  was  to  be  seen  in  Mr. 
Loten' s  lovely  cottage  at  Easington,  Holder- 
ness,  East  Yorkshire,  and  proved  a  great 
attraction  to  all  sorts  and  conditions  of 
people.  It  has  been  described  in  several 
popular  English  and  American  magazines. 

"  SALE  OF  MR.  LOTEN'S  MUSEUM. — There  was  an 
unique  auction  sale  in  Hull  yesterday,  the  stuffed 
birds  and  objects  made  from  fish  bones,  &c.,  form- 
ing Loten's  Museum,  and  the  cottage  at  Easington, 
being  offered  for  sale  at  the  Ormonde  Club.  The 
•exhibits  have  been  on  view  at  the  club  for  some 
time.  They  are  all  the  work  of  the  late  Mr.  Loten, 
who  had  a  genius  for  turning  anything  and  every- 
thing into  something  artistic.  From  old  postage 
stamps  he  made  a  beautiful  plaque,  and  from  fish 
"bones  he  made  a  very  pretty  spray.  There  are 
several  floral  sprays  in  the  exhibition,  and  one  has 
been  made  entirely  of  red  onion  peel.  Mr.  Loten 
-was  also  highly  successful  at  taxidermy.  The  series 
included  several  cases  of  robins,  in  which  the  birds 
were  made  to  appear  as  if  attending  a  wedding, 
with  the  procession  and  festivities.  In  another  an 
owl  was  digging  a  grave,  and  in  a  larger  case  several 
l>irds  were  represented  taking  part  in  a  funeral 
procession,  carrying  a  tiny  coffin  on  their  backs. 
The  collection  comprised  over  150  cases.  The 
cottage  at  Easington,  in  which  they  had  been 
housed,  was  included  in  the  sale.  Mr.  T.  G.  Hart, 
Withernsea,  was  the  auctioneer,  and  he  explained 
that  few  if  any  auctioneers  had  ever  offered  a  lot 
that  could  more  truthfully  be  described  as  unique. 


The  late  Mr.  Loten  had  shown  great  care,  patience, 
and  perseverance  in  carrying  out  the  work,  and  a 
great  love  and  knowledge  of  art.  All  the  birds 
were  stuffed  true  to  nature.  There  was  a  large 
attendance.  Bidding  commenced  at  200/.,  and  at 
35W.  the  lot  was  sold  to  Mr.  Clifford  Charlton,  83, 
Heaton  Road,  Newcastle." 

Mr.  Loten  was  pleasant  and  unassuming 
in  his  manners,  and  was  much  respected 
by  his  neighbours  and  those  who  came  in 
contact  with  him.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
his  mind  gave  way  and  that  he  died  in  a 
local  asylum.  WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 

SHACKLEWELL  LANE. — This  rural  tho- 
roughfare (dear  to  all  lovers  of  Elia)  has 
recently  been  the  object  of  what  I  cannot 
regard  as  "an  improvement."  On  the 
south  side  of  it,  starting  from  Norfolk  Road, 
there  stood  a  row  of  old  elms  (about  half  a 
dozen  or  so),  between  which  there  were 
several  seats  on  which  we  may  well  believe 
Elia  had  often  sat  down.  These  have  been 
uprooted  and  a  wider  roadway  made — for 
which  there  was  no  real  necessity.  Unless 
the  trees  were  dangerous  to  wayfarers 
(and,  as  far  as  my  judgment  goes,  they 
did  not  seem  so),  I  cannot  see  why  the 
place  should  have  been  shorn  of  its  natural 
beauty.  M.  L.  R.  BBESLAB. 

KING'S  '  CLASSICAL  AND  FOREIGN  QUOTA- 
TIONS.' (See  10  S.  ii.  281,  351  ;  iii.  447  ; 
vii.  24  ;  ix.  107,  284,  333.)— No.  3052  (among 
the  '  Adespota  ' ) — 

Hinc  venti  dociles  resono  se  carcere  solvunt, 
Et  cantum  accepta  pro  libertate  rependunt. 

This  epigram  on  an  organ  is  by  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  de  Santeul  (1630-97).  See  'Joan. 
Baptistse  Santolii. . .  .Opera  Poetica,'  Paris, 
1695,  p.  318.  The  distich,  which  is  headed 
'  Pour  1'Orgue,'  begins  Hie.  The  author  is 
described  on  his  title-page  as  "  Poetarum 
hujus  seculi  princeps." 

It  will  be  seen  from  No.  256  in  Mr.  King's 
book  that  the  motto  "  Castigat  ridendo 
mores,"  afterwards  adopted  by  the  Opera 
Comique,  is  said  to  have  been  composed 
by  Santeul.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

ENGLAND'S  WOODEN  WALLS  :  NAVARINO 
FLAGSHIP. — At  10  S.  vi.  306  MR.  HIBGAME 
placed  upon  record  some  particulars  of 
Mr.  John  Stainer,  reputed  to  be  the  "  only 
known  survivor  of  the  battle  of  Navarino," 
of  whom  The  Daily  Graphic  on  20  Oct., 
1906,  gave  a  portrait.  In  connexion  with 
this  notable  engagement  it  may  be  recorded 
that  the  old  two-decker  Asia  was  on  5  May 
last  towed  away  from  Portsmouth  to  be 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  15, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


127 


broken  up  in  the  Thames.     She  had  long 
been  out  of  service,  but  will  be  remembered 
as  having  been  the  flagship  at  the  battle 
of   Navarino.        W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

BREAM'S  BUILDINGS  :  THE  NAME. — I  have 
wondered  whether  there  has  ever  been 
anything  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  the  origin  of  the 
name  Bream's  Buildings.  I  fancy  it  may 
have  been  after  Arnold  Breams,  who  built 
the  Dover  Custom-House  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  I.  and  who  had  offices  in  London. 
J.  BAVINGTON  JONES. 

Dover. 

[Numerous  references  to  articles  on  Bream's 
Buildings  appear  in  the  General  Indexes  to  the 
Eighth  and  Ninth  Series.! 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
(a  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY 
QUOTATIONS. 

I  SHALL  feel  obliged  for  any  reference  to 
or  explanation  of  the  following  passages 
in  a  writer  of  the  close  of  the  seventeenth 
century : — 

1.  Though  we  seem  nearer  the  Heavens,  yet  our 
Bodies  here  are  more  Earthy,  and  the  Mind  wants 
that  active  Fire  that  always  mounts,  as  it'  it  were 
extinguished  by  its  Antiparistasis.— What  is  Anti- 
paristasis  ? 

2.  Non  minor  est  virtus   quam  quserere  parta 
tueri. 

3.  Fluctum  enim  totius  Barbarise  ferre  urbs  una 
non  poterat. 

4.  Of  the  Pyrrhic  dance : — Hsec  Celebratio  non 
oranino  dissimilis  ei  generi  exerceri  solita  h  Juve- 
iiibus  armatis  Lacedemoniae   cum  Patris  Achillis 
rogum  celebraret. 

5.  Quod  Reges  Indorum  protinus  aureis 
Orbibus  includunt,  et  vina  liquantia  potant, 
Actum  nee  morbos  tuti  sentire  feruntur, 
Nee  quae  inter  mensas  occulta  hausere  venena. 

6.  Nil  gravius  nil  improbius  quam  fcemina  vivit. 
—Of.  Homer,  <  Odyssey,'  xi.  427. 

7.  Et  certamen  habent  laethi,  quae  viva  sequatur 

Conjugium  :  pudor  est  non  licuisse  mori. 
Ardent  victrices  et  flammae  pectora  praebent, 
Imponuntque  suis  ora  perusta  viris. 

8.  Romse,  Lutetise  ac  Venetiae— Nemo  quicquid 
miratur. 

9.  Snakes  are  generated  out  of  Human'Brains 
putrefying.— Where  does  Pliny  state  this  ? 

10.  Like  the  Scythian  Ateas,  who.  hearing  one 
sweetly  modulating  on  an  Ismean  Pipe,  swore  that 
lie  had  rather  hear  the  neighing  of  an  Horse,  or  the 
Clangor  of  Horns  or  Trumpets. 


11.  Esse  prsestantem  aliquam  aeternamque    Na- 
turam,  et  earn  suspiciendam  adorandamque,  homi- 
num  genus  cardoque  rerum  Caelestium  cogit  con- 
fiteri.  —  Where  does  Cicero  say  this? 

12.  JSstivo  nunquam  conspectus  Sydere  Glaucus. 

13.  Nutrit  ubi  implumes  peregrina  Ciconia  foetus, 

Ad  nidos  abies  consita  primo  [sic]  fuit. 

14.  Sic  Angustiis   a   nob\s  devictis  ad  Augusta 
ferimur. 

15.  Hie  penes  Persas  Magus  est  qui  sidera  novit, 
Qui  scit  herbarum  vires  cultumque  deorum, 
Persepoli  facit  ista  Magos  sapientia  triplex. 

16.  Atque  illi  primum  sperare  salutem 
Sic  Ausi,  afflictis  melius  confidere  rebus. 

17.  Who  was  Petrus  Angelina,  and  where,  in  his 
"  5  lib.  Cyneget.,"  does  he  write  thus  :  — 

Quos  India  pascit  Onagros, 
Jam  primum  niveo  corpus  candore  teguntur, 
Infecti  Assyrio  circum  caput  omne  colore 
Cseruleis  oculis,  unoque  in  fronte  superbi 
Cornu  ? 

18.  Said  to  be  from  the  same  :— 

At  sonitu  ingenti  putrem  quatit  ungula  campum 
Cornua,  venantem  quoties  fugiere  :  suisque 
Temporibus  stant  longae  Aures,  turn  Corpora  Cervo 
Exsuperant  ;  nee  Lana  nitet  non  albo  [sic]  colore, 
Mixta  Nigro  ;  ceu  cum  Nubes  densantur  opacae 
Et  totum  eripiunt  oculis  ccelumque  diemque. 
Nigraque  per  medios  decurrit  toenia  lumbos 
Linda,  quam  clunes  tractim  comitantur  ad  imos, 
Utraque  distinguens  niveo  sua  tergora  ductu. 

19.  Who  wrote  these  "  facetious  verses  "  ?  — 
Ergo  ubi  lapsa  jacent  sua  quisque  sub  arbore  pomas 
Accedunt  Lo3ti,  seque  in  sua  terga  volutant, 
Donee  fixa  rubis  hserentia  mala  supremis 
Exportent  :  implentque  penum  liventibus  uvis  ; 
Quorum  acinis  quoties  sentes  onerantur  acutae 
Perjucunda  sui  prcebent  spectacula  nobis, 
Quippe  humeros  tecti  sic  ingrediuntur,  ut  ipsa 

Ire  putes  totos  avulsos  vite  racemos. 
Ah  !  tibi  ne  cupidos  sensus  tarn  tangat  habendi, 
Tantus  amor  furem  ut  tentes  arcere  jocosum, 
Atque  oculos  durus  jucundo  avertere  Ludo 
Eripere,  et  natis  dulcem  expectantibus  escam  ? 

20.  Where  does  Ovid  write  thus  ?— 

Cum    modo    Frigoribus    premitur,   modo    solvitur 

JEstu 
Tempore  non  certo,  corpora  Languor  habet. 

21.  Queis  tentant  et  arantes  arenas 
Littoris  Assyrii  viatores. 

22.  Quintus  Curtius  says  of  Persia  :  —  Regio  non 
alia  in  tota  Asia  salubrior  habetur,   temperatum 
Coelum  ;    hinc  perpetuum  jugum    opacum  et  um- 
brosum,  quod  JEstas  laevat  ;  illinc  Mare  adjunctum 
quod  modico  tepore  terras  fovet.  —  Where? 

23. 


TT     TTIOT^TI. 

Siccitas  humores  facit  (jualitate  sicciores. 

24.  Salus  Civium  in  Legibus  consistit. 

25.  Justitia  una  alias  virtutes  continet  omnes. 

26.  Livy  writes  (where  ?)  :  —  Continuus  aspectus 
minus  verendos  magnos  homines  facit. 

27.  Ubi  honor  non  est,  ubi  Cupiditas  gloriae  ease 
non  potest. 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  is,  im 


30. 


28.  Titulo  digriatus  eqnestri 
Virtutem  titulis  titulos  virtutibus  ornans. 

29.  0  Lernseam  vere  subolem 
Pragmaticorum,  qui  lites  ex  litibus  serunt 
Mortalibus  immortaliter. 

Lites  fuge 
Macrum  arbitrium  Judicio  potius  est. 

31.  Per  Mare  et  per  Terras,  per  quod  tegit  omnu 

Ccelum. 

32.  Pectoris  et  cordis  pariter  proprieque  mouile 
Ornatus.     Colli  sunt  torques,  auris  in  aures, 
Annulus  est  marmum,  sicut  armillse  brachio 

rum, 
Atque  periscelides  exornant  crura  puellge. 

33.  Quotidie  viro  nubit, 
Nupsitque  hodie, 
Nubit  mox  noctu. 

34.  Turpis  libido  (scilicet)  potens  venere 
Luxuria  viotrix,  orbis  irnmensas  opes, 
Jampridem  avaris  manibus  ut  perdat,  rapit— 

Seneca.—  Where  ? 

35.  Prima  Salutantes  atque  altera  continet  hora. 

36.  Hoc  iter  manifesto  rotse  vestigia  cernes. 

37.  Where  does  Claudian  write  thus  ? 

In  caelo  nunquam  spectatam  impune  Cometam 

EMERITUS. 


WARREN  HASTINGS' s  SON.  —  Can  any 
reader  inform  me  when  George  Hastings 
died,  and  where  he  was  buried  ?  Sydney  C. 
Grier  states  that  he  was  sent  home  in  1761 
under  the  care  of  Sir  Francis  (then  Mr.) 
Sykes,  and  Mr.  Austen  Leigh  in  his  life  of 
Jane  Austen  says  (speaking  from  family 
tradition)  that  the  boy  was  entrusted  to  the 
care  of  the  Rev.  George  Austen  for  his 
education,  and  that  he  died  young  of  a 
putrid  sore  throat.  I  should  be  glad  of 
some  confirmation  of  these  facts. 

R.  A.  A.  L. 

STANLEY'S  MISSION  TO  PARIS,  1761. Will 

any  reader  of  <  N.  &  Q.'  confer  a  favour 
on  the  undersigned  by  pointing  out  where 
information  can  be  obtained  as  to  the 
members  of  the  staff  of  Mr.  Hans  Stanley's 
mission  to  Paris  in  1761— especially  as  to 
those  who  were  with  Mr.  Stanley  in  Paris 
in  August,  1761  ?  Mr.  Stanley  left  England 
on  24  May.  Thomas  Pownall,  previously 
Governor  of  Massachusetts,  afterwards  M.P., 
did  not  go  with  him,  but  it  is  thought  that 
he  may  have  been  sent  by  Mr.  Pitt  at  the 
end  of  June  or  beginning  of  July  to  join 
Mr.  Stanley  in  Paris.  There  is  a  strong 
presumption  to  this  effect,  but  proof  is 
sought  for,  such  as  would  be  given  by  the 
pay-sheets  of  the  mission  or  mention  of 
Pownall's  having  been  with  it. 

15,  St.  John's  Park,  Blacklieath,  S.E. 


THROAT-CUTTING  AT  PUBLIC  EXECUTIONS. 
— Was  this  common  ?  I  do  not  recollect 
seeing  it  elsewhere  than  in  the  '  Brut '  or 
'  Chronicles  of  England,'  the  completion 
of  whose  text  is  now  in  the  press  for  the- 
Early  English  Text  Society.  Chap.  240, 
p.  342,  says  that  Sir  Robert  Tresilian,  the- 
Justice  ;  Sir  Nicholas  Brembre,  knight  and: 
citizen  of  London  ;  Sir  John  Salisbury,, 
knight,  of  the  King's  household ;  Uskr 
Serjeant-of-Arms  (author  of  '  The  Testa- 
ment of  Love  ' )  ;  and  many  more  people, 
were  judged,  for  treason,  "to  be  drawn 
from  the  Tower  of  London  through  the 
City,  and  so  forth  to  Tyburn  ;  and  there 
to  be  hanged,  and  there  their  throats  to  be  cut  ,- 
and  thus  they  were  served,  and  died." 

F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 

DR.  ISAAC  BASIRE'S  PORTRAIT. — I  should 
be  glad  if  '  N.  &  Q.'  could  aid  me  in  a  search 
which  is  being  made  for  some  portrait  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  Basire,  Prebendary  of 
Durham,  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland, 
and  chaplain  to  both  Charles  I.  and  II. 
In  his  will,  dated  1676,  he  left  his  pictures 
(including  his  own,  his  wife's,  and  Bishop 
Morton's  portraits)  to  Mary  Nelson,  wife 
of  Prebendary  Nelson  of  Carlisle.  Neither 
this  portrait  nor  any  print  of  it  can  be  found 
as  yet,  and  it  may  be  presumed  that  the 
Rev.  W.  Darnell,  Rector  of  Stanhope  in 
1831,  who  published  the  correspondence  of 
Basire,  had  no  knowledge  of  any  likeness, 
as  the  book  lacks  a  portrait. 

A.  T.  DINGLE. 
Egglescliffe  Rectory,  co.  Durham. 

FRENCH  ANONYMOUS  BIOGRAPHIES. — In 
the  autumn  of  1866  Lady  Herbert  published 
an  English  translation  of  the  lives  of  Mile, 
de  Gallard  Terraube  and  of  the  Mere  Devos 

as  well  as  of  the  Abbe  Bougaud's  life  of 
St.  Monica),  under  the  title  of  '  Three 
Phases  of  Christian  Love.'  The  translator 
was  unacquainted  with  the  names  of  the 
respective  writers  of  the  first  two  memoirs. 
"}an  some  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  supply 

his  information  ?  R.  B. 

Upton. 

WIDKIRK:  'THE  WAKEFIELD  MYSTERIES.* 
— PROF.  SKEAT  repeats,  ante,  p.  37,  a  state- 
ment which  he  made  in  The  Athenceum  of 
2  Dec.,  1893,  that  Widkirk  is  the  old  name 
>f  Woodkirk  in  Yorkshire.     In  writing  on 
he  subject  of   '  The  Wakefield  Mysteries  ' 
or  '  Towneley  Plays  ' )  in  Anglia,  xii.  509-24, 
stated  that  I  could  find  no  trace  of  the 
ormer  pronunciation,  though  the  following 
pellings    had    been    discovered    in    various 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  is, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


documents:  Wudechirche  (1202),  Wode- 
kirk  (1293),  Wodkirk  (1379),  Wodkyrc  (1379), 
Woodkirk  (1490,  &c.),  Wodkyrke  (1546), 
Woodkirke  (1595),  and  Woodchurch  (1623, 
1642,  1716,  1756,  1765,  &c.).  The  present 
pronunciation  is  Woodkirk  or  Woodchurch  ; 
and  Widkirk  is  quite  unknown. 

Can  PROF.  SKEAT  supply  any  evidence  in 
support  of  his  assertion  that  Widkirk  is  the 
old  name  of  Woodkirk  ?  The  question  is 
important,  for  the  reason  that,  in  default 
of  such  evidence,  all  the  arguments  used  to 
prove  that  '  The  Wakefield  Mysteries  '  were 
acted  at  Woodkirk  fall  to  the  ground,  and 
this  is  the  view  held  by  Ten  Brink,  Symonds, 
Prof.  A.  W.  Ward,  J.  P.  Collier,  Prof.  Hohl- 
feld,  Dr.  Davidson,  Mr.  A.  W.  Pollard,  and 
others.  Douce  was  the  first  to  imagine 
that  'The  Wakefield  Mysteries'  did  not 
belong  to  Wakefield,  stating  in  1814  that 
the  manuscript  was  "  supposed  to  have 
formerly  belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  Widkirk, 
near  Wakefield."  In  1822  he  relinquished 
this  view,  and  named  *'  the  Abbey  of 
Whalley  in  Lancashire "  as  the  original 
home  of  the  manuscript. 

There  never  was  any  "  Abbey  of  Widkirk  " 
near  Wakefield,  but  there  was  a  Cell  of 
Augustinian  Canons  at  Woodkirk,  and  so 
the  theory  was  started  that  Widkirk  was 
the  old  name  of  Woodkirk,  and  that  the 
plays  were  acted  there.  A  mere  guess  on 
the  part  of  Douce,  which  he  himself  aban- 
doned, has  thus  been  sufficient  to  cause 
numerous  critics  and  editors  to  ignore  the 
plain  references  to  Wakefield  in  the  manu- 
script, and  to  adopt  a  theory  which  seems 
to  me  quite  untenable,  being  opposed  to 
documentary  evidence,  local  circumstances, 
and  the  analogy  supplied  by  the  other  great 
cycles  of  Mysteries  belonging  to  York, 
Chester,  and  Coventry,  which  were  certainly 
not  acted  in  an  obscure  and  inconvenient 
village  four  miles  away  from  the  city  where 
there  was  every  reason  that  they  should  be 
acted.  MATTHEW  H.  PEACOCK. 

Wakefield. 

FRIDAY  STREET. — This  is  the  name  of 
several  hamlets  in  Surrey.  What  is  its 
origin  ?  HIPPO  GLIDES. 

ST.  MARGARET'S  HOSPITAL  OR  GREEN 
COAT  SCHOOL,  WESTMINSTER. — I  am  fre- 
quently asked  as  to  my  knowledge  of  this 
old  Westminster  charity  school,  and  more 
especially  as  to  pictures  of  it.  I  have  never 
seen  an  engraving  of  it,  but  that  is,  of  course, 
not  to  say  that  there  is  none  in  existence. 
I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  any  have  been  met 
with,  and  the  names  of  books  in  which  they 


may  occur,  as  well  as  any  other  particulars. 
This  old  school  seems  to  have  had  but 
scanty  notice  at  the  hands  of  writers  on 
Westminster  matters,  and  the  difficulty 
in  the  way  of  getting  particulars  is  very 
great.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
Bacon  has  a  passage  which  begins  : — 

"The  idols  of  the  market-place  are  the  most 
troublesome  of  all — those,  namely,  which  have  en- 
twined themselves  round  the  understanding  from 
the  associations  of  words  and  names." 
Where  in  his  works  (say  Stebbing's  edition) 
can  I  find  it  ?  T.  X.  S. 

1.  Yet  who  would  stop,  or  fear  to  advance, 
Though  home  and  shelter  he  had  none, 
With  such  a  sky  to  lead  him  on  ? 

2.  Jowk,  and  let  the  jow  gae  by. 

3.  The  French  have  taste  in  all  they  do, 

Which  we  are  quite  without ; 
For  Nature,  which  to  them  gave  ga&t, 
To  us  gave  only  gout. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 

SNo.  3  is  by  Thomas,  Lord  Erskine.    Davenport 
ams    in    his    'English    Epigrams'    (Routledge) 
gives  the  following  anonymous  reply : — 
Condemn  not  in  such  haste, 
To  letters  four  appealing ; 
Their  goiit  is  only  taste, 
The  English  "gout"  is  feeling.] 

'  THE  INTELLECT  AND  VALOUR  OF  GREAT 
BRITAIN.' — I  shall  be  glad  if  any  of  your 
readers  will  tell  me  if  it  is  possible  to  obtain 
the  key  of  the  above  print,  published  in  the 
sixties.  A  written  copy  from  the  key 
would  suffice.  A.  J.  STURGES. 

25,  High  Street,  Guildford. 

ST.  KENELM'S  AT  WARE. — I  have  two 
prints  on  the  same  sheet,  each  about  4  in. 
diameter  :  under  the  left  is  *  Mr.  Kensett's 
Glass  house  at  Ware  '  ;  under  the  right, 
'  St.  Kenelms-at-Ware.'  I  should  be  much 
obliged  if  some  correspondent  could  inform 
me  where  this  chapel  was  situated,  and  the 
name  of  the  book — place,  date,  and  size — 
in  which  the  print  appeared.  The  prints 
do  not  refer  to  Ware,  Herts. 

B.  H.  GOSSELIN-LEFEBVRE. 

Bengeo  Lodge,  Hertford. 

REYNOLDS  ON  AN  EQUESTRIAN  STATUE.- — 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  in  his  discourse  to  the 
students  of  the  Royal  Academy,  11  Dec., 
1780,  stated  that  "  in  this  town  may  be 
seen  an  equestrian  statue  in  a  modern  dress 
which  may  be  sufficient  to  deter  future  artists 
from  any  such  attempt."  To  what  statue 
did  he  allude  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  is,  IMS. 


DEAN  COOKES  wafe  a  King's  scholar  at 
Westminster  School  in  1740,  when  he  was 
aged  fourteen.  He  was  a  native  of  West- 
minster, and  his  father's  Christian  name 
was  Edward.  Can  any  correspondent  of 

*  N.  &  Q.'  kindly  furnish  me  with  further 
information  concerning  him  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

*  EPTJLTJM  PARASITICUM.'  —  I  shall  be 
grateful  for  further  information  as  to  an 
opuscule  in  my  library  bearing  this  title, 
and  with  the  imprint  "  Norimbergae,  Anno 
M.DC.LXV."  It  bears  the  stamp  of  the 
Bibliotheca  Heberiana,  and  a  pencil  note, 
possibly  in  Heber's  MS.  :  "  As  rare  as  it 
is  curious — not  mentioned  in  Fournier  or 

*  Dictionnaire  Bibliographique.'  "    There  are 
further  notes  in  a  French  handwriting. 

A.  FORBES  SIEVEKING. 
12,  Seymour  Street,  W. 

ACCESSION  AND  CORONATION  COINS  AND 
MEDALS. — I  have  recently  been  given  a  set 
of  coins  which  I  am  told  were  issued  in  1902 
in  connexion  with  King  Edward's  accession, 
namely,  51.,  21.,  II.,  and  10s.  in  gold  ;  5s., 
2s.  Qd.,  2s.,  Is.,  Qd.,  ±d.,  3d.,  2d.,  and  Id. 
in  silver  ;  and  Id.,  $d.,  and  %d.  in  copper. 

1.  Were  these  the  only  coins  issued  in 
connexion  with  the  King's  accession  ? 

2.  Were  any  medals  struck,  and,  if  so, 
what  medals,  in  connexion  with  the  King's 
accession? 

3.  Were  there  any  (i.;  coins  or  (ii.)  medals 
issued  or  struck,  and,  if  so,  what  coins  or 
medals,    at    the    time    of    Queen    Victoria's 
(a)  Jubilee  or  (b)  Diamond  Jubilee  ? 

BARRULE. 

ZOFFANY. — I  am  anxious  to  discover  if 
there  are  any  portraits  of  Zoffany  (the 
artist  who  painted  David  Garrick  many 
times),  if  so,  where  they  can  be  seen  ;  also 
if  he  ever  painted  a  portrait  of  himself. 

(Mrs.)  E.  SELWYN. 

[The  National  Portrait  Gallery  contains  a  por- 
trait painted  by  himself  in  1761.  The  '  D.N.B.' 
states  that  St.  Peter  in  the  altarpiece  of  '  The  Last 
Supper'  which  Zoffany  presented  to  St.  George's 
Church,  Old  Brentford,  is  a  likeness  of  himself.] 

DANZIG  :  ITS  SIEGE  IN  1813. — Where  can 
I  find  a  good  account,  either  in  English 
or  French,  of  the  siege  of  Danzig  in  1813  ? 

T.  F.  D. 

H.  HOPPER,  MODELLER.— I  shall  be  glad 
if  any  one  can  tell  me  if  this  man  was  of  any 
note,  as  I  have  two  plaster  busts  with  the 
following  on  the  back :  "  H.  Hopper. 
London.  October,  1814."  These  busts 


stand  about  two  feet  high,  are  very 
well  done,  and  represent  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  and  Lord  Hill. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 
Innellari,  Shrewsbury. 


JUpius. 

THE    NATIONAL    FLAG. 
(10  S.  ix.  502  ;  x.  72.) 

MR.  ST.  JOHN  HOPE'S  interesting  reprint 
of  his  article  on  the  Union  Flag  has  just 
been  handed  to  me.  Having,  by  many- 
efforts,  .'*  pegged  away  "  for  years  at  this 
subject,  contributing,  amongst  other  things, 
articles  to  The  Genealogical  Magazine  and 
later  a  chapter  in  '  The  Art  of  Heraldry,' 
by  Mr.  Fox-Davies,  I  should  much  value 
the  admission  into  your  columns  of  a  few 
remarks,  confining  myself  entirely  to  the 
consideration  of  the  relative  proportions 
of  the  various  charges  borne  upon  our 
flag. 

Ever  since  1801  certain  details  connected 
with  the  flag  have  been  the  subject  of 
repeated  and  adverse  criticisms,  and  these 
are  sure  to  continue,  so  long  as  some  at 
least  of  these  details  remain  unaltered. 
MR.  ST.  JOHN  HOPE,  after  quoting  PROF. 
SKEAT  and  Mr.  Green,  F.S.A.,  offers  us  a 
decidedly  clever  and  most  ingenious  alter- 
native verbal  blazon  to  that  given  by  the 
College  authorities  in  the  Order  in  Council. 
The  long-criticized  phrase  "  the  latter 
fimbriated  of  the  second "  is  neatly  dealt 
with  by  MR.  HOPE'S  word  "  dimidiated." 
Nevertheless,  since  the  Crown  leaves  to  the 
College  of  Heralds  the  duty  of  officially 
arranging  all  details,  such  as  verbally 
blazoning,  illustrating,  and  registering  all 
grants,  in  its  own  fashion,  I  cannot  but 
think  that  the  "  official  description  "  should 
be  deemed  good  enough,  without  further 
demur.  In  the  case  under  discussion  the 
authorities  of  the  College  appended  a  sketch 
(avowedly  a  rough  sketch)  to  their  verbal 
blazon  of  the  Flag,  and  this  sketch  (now 
virtually  effaced,  but  replaced  by  a  clearer 
drawing)  might  well  suffice  to  explain  the 
limited  way  in  which  the  term  "  fimbriated" 
was  intended  to  be  employed  in  connexion 
with  the  St.  Patrick's  saltire.  Yet,  be 
this  as  it  may,  the  whole  difficulty  has  arisen 
not  out  of  the  official  blazon  at  all,  but 
out  of  the  action  of  some  person  or  persons 
no  longer  traceable,  who  seem  to  have 
supplied  the  Admiralty — as  the  body  to 
whom  was  delegated  the  power  of  seeing 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  is,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


the  Flag  rightly  flown — with  a  table  of 
proportions,  guided  by  which  the  flag- 
makers  sewed  together  the  actual  bunting. 
This  is  known  as  the  Admiralty  pattern. 
In  this  pattern  lies  all  the  pother.  Ho\r 
this  is  so  I  shall  try  to  show. 

Heraldry  has  its  distinct  rules.  A  cross 
is  one-third,  and  a  saltire  is  one-fifth,  of 
the  shield's  or  flag's  width.  A  fimbriation, 
in  English  heraldry,  has  no  actual  proportion 
assigned  to  it :  it  is  regarded  simply  as  a 
narrow  edging,  and  is  generally  introduced 
to  keep  tincture  off  tincture.  Again,  all 
charges  of  the  same  kind,  appearing  on  a 
shield  or  flag,  are  of  the  same  size  unless, 
as  on  Norman-shaped  shields,  these  charges 
must  necessarily  be  smaller  at  the  base  than 
at  the  chief.  Finally,  an  exception  to  the 
exact  proportions  of  ordinaries  and  sub- 
ordinaries  is  made  when  a  field  is  crowded 
with  them.  In  this  case  they  are  somewhat 
lessened. 

Judged  by  these  rules,  the  Admiralty 
pattern  contains  two  very  bad  blunders, 
and  a  third  hardly  less  excusable.  Take 
the  cross  of  St.  George  and  its  fimbriations. 
Years  ago,  nigh  upon  forty,  a  French  visitor 
to  the  Britannia,  being  known  as  an  enthusi- 
astic lover  of  heraldry,  was  asked  to  describe 
the  Union  Flag  to  the  cadets.  He  is  said 
to  have  spoken  after  this  wise  :  "  You  will 
see  in  the  centre  of  your  magnificent  flag 
(alas  that  so  it  is  !)  the  white  cross  of 
St.  Denis  of  France  surmounted  by  the 
red  cross  of  St.  George,  to  show  how  you  did 
win  the  battle  of  Trafalgar."  The  fimbria- 
tion of  the  St.  George  is  so  unnecessarily 
wide  that,  to  a  student  of  heraldry  not 
previously  warned,  it  does  seem  as  if  the 
proper  blazon  should  be,  "  Cross  argent, 
with  a  cross  gules  superinduced."  This  is 
the  first  blunder. 

The  second  is,  if  possible,  a  less  excusable 
mistake,  and  certainly  one  giving  rise  to 
considerable  irritation.  I  refer  to  the 
treatment  of  the  saltires.  The  heralds  tell 
us  they  are  to  be  counterchanged.  An 
essential  principle  of  counterchanging  is 
that  the  charges  counterchanged  are  equally 
treated.  That  this  was  the  intention  of 
the  College  is  plainly  declared  by  reference 
to  the  sketch  which  accompanies  the  verbal 
blazon.  Rough  though  it  be  (I  mean, 
drawn  without  exact  measurement),  the 
saltire  of  St.  Patrick  is  there  shown  as 
equal  in  width  to  that  of  St.  Andrew.  And 
why  not  ?  Surely  Pat  is  as  well  set  up  as 
Sandy  any  day  of  the  week.  It  was  the 
unknown  authors  of  the  Admiralty  pattern 
who  chose  to  take  St.  Patrick's  fimbriations 


off  the  field  of  the  saltire,  and  not  off  the 
Flag's  field.     Blunder  number  two  ! 

Lastly,  what  reason  was  there  for  making 
the  sub-ordinary  (the  fimbriation)  absurdly 
wide  round  the  St.  George,  and  ridiculously 
narrow  in  the  case  of  St.  Patrick  ? 
Gratuitous  ignoring,  ^this,  of  rules  for  yet 
a  third  time. 

Please  extend  your  indulgence  a  little 
further.  The  Admiralty  pattern  does  show 
some  acquaintance  with  the  rules  above 
noted,  for  the  St.  George,  plus  its  fimbria- 
tions, is  one-third  the  Flag's  width,  and  the 
two  saltires,  plus  the  St.  Patrick's  fimbria- 
tion, are  one-fifth.  All  the  more  reason 
why  the  rules  should  have  been  uniformly 
closely  observed.  If  it  were  impossible 
to  build  up  a  flag  under  recognized  rules, 
then  one  might  be  contented  to  approve 
the  Admiralty  pattern  ;  but  such  is  not  the 
case.  I  have  had  many  flags  made  by  a 
well-known  London  firm,  both  for  my  own 
use  and  the  use  of  friends  and  of  public 
institutions  ;  and  these  flags  have  invariably 
been  admired,  and  are  free  from  the  un- 
necessary blunders  so  long  complained  of  as 
stereotyped  by  the  Admiralty.  Surely  there 
is  no  occasion  to  stand  on  one's  dignity  and 
refuse  to  correct  an  error.  The  Admiralty  are 
not  heralds,  nor  are  they  flag-makers,  they 
represent  our  first  line  of  defence,  our  handy 
men.  And  as  to  the  College  of  Heralds, 
they  have  been  sinned  against,  not  sinning, 
and  so  they  might  well  come  to  the  Flag's 
rescue. 

'  N.   &   Q.'  has  already  issued  a  capital 
coloured  drawing  of  the  Admiralty  pattern. 
I  subjoin  the  proportions  of  another   flag, 
which  are  heraldically  correct  : — 
Flag,  7i  ft.  by  15ft. 

St.  George     21  in.  1    qnin    nr  1 

Two  fimbriations,  each  4i  in.       9    „   /   l 
St.  Andrew  and  St.  Patrick,  "^ 

each6|in 13i  „    }  18  in.,  or  £. 

St.  Patrick,  fimbriation    ...         4|  „  J 

If  4iin.  be  deemed  too  narrow,  and  so 
tending  to  over-accentuate  the  red  in  the 
Flag,  it  is  easy  to  increase  the  fimbriations 
and  diminish  the  cross,  e.g. : — 

Three  fimbriations,  5  in.  each. 
St.  George,  20  in. 
St.  Andrew,  13  in. 

I  am  only  a  country  parson,  unknown 
and  uninfluential,  so  I  trust  that  '  N.  &  Q.' 
will  come  to  the  help  of  the  Flag. 

J.  R.  CBAWFOBD. 

In  connexion  with  the  matters  put  upon 
record  by  MB.  JOHN  C.  FBANCIS  concerning 
the  National  Flag,  it  may  be  well  for 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  iooe. 


4  N.  &  Q.'  to  contaifi  a  reference  to  what 
the  Daily  Mail  of  30  July  calls  a  "  peculiar 
incident  "  that  took  place  at  Dover.  The 
paragraph  is  headed  '  The  Royal  Standard.' 
It  states  that 

"a  peculiar  incident  occurred  in  connexion  with 
the  visit  of  the  Duchess  of  Albany  to  the  Dover 
Pageant  yesterday.  The  Royal  Standard  having 
been  run  up  at  the  hotel  where  her  Royal  Highness 
lunched,  an  Admiralty  official  called  and  ordered 
that  it  should  be  hauled  down,  informing  the 
management  that  an  order  had  been  issued  that  the 
Royal  Standard  is  only  to  be  flown  when  the  King 
is  personally  present.  The  Royal  Standard  was 
therefore  hauled  down  and  replaced  by  the  Union 
Jack." 

We  have  here,  apparently,  a  strong  indica- 
tion that  the  reply  of  the  Earl  of  Crewe  in 
the  House  of  Lords  stated  the  case  most 
thoroughly,  and  makes  it  easy  for  loyal 
citizens  to  do  what  is  right  and  in  accord- 
ance with  law. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 


VOWEL-SHORTENING  (10  S.  x.  43,  111). — 
Like  the  Player-Queen,  PROF.  SKEAT  "  doth 
protest  too  much,  methinks."  He  accuses 
us  of  ignorance  of  the  law  of  vowel- 
shortening  because  we  pronounce  primer  with 
the  *  as  in  prime.  "  If,"  says  he,  "  they 
recognized  that  our  language  has  phonetic 
laws,  they  would  certainly  say  primmer." 
Well,  I  am  afraid  I  come  under  the  ban, 
because  I  recognize  no  more  obligation  to 
say  primmer  than  I  do  to  say  finner,  timly, 
lonly,  makker,  ladder,  &c.,  instead  of  finer, 
timely,  lonely,  maker,  loader,  &c.  In  fact, 
I  think  it  would  be  as  easy  to  make  as  long 
a  list  of  lengthened  forms  in  which  the  long 
vowel  is  not  shortened  as  PROF.  SKEAT  has 
given  of  those  in  which  it  is  so.  He  tells 
us  now  that  it  is  a  "  law  "  that  shortens 
these  vowels  ;  apparently  it  was  not  so 
when  his  '  Primmer  '  was  written,  for  in 
that  he  only  observes  that  "  a  long  vowel 
is  very  apt  to  be  shortened  by  the  accentual 
stress  falling  upon  it."  It  seems  uncritical 
to  apply  the  term  "  law  "  to  a  tendency 
which  fails  to  take  effect  in  such  a  large 
percentage  of  cases. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

SALARINO,  SALANIO,  AND  SALERIO  (10  S. 
ix.  22,  113,  236,  315,  515).— I  am  obliged 
to  MR.  WILMSHTJRST  for  his  ingenious  com- 
mentary, but  greatly  fear  he  missed  the 
humour  of  my  reply.  I  repeat  that  "  Sala  " 
never  was  a  Jewish  name,  albeit  ST.  SWITHIN 
has  been  kind  enough  to  assert  the  contrary. 
My  own  fancy  tends  to  "  Sheleach,"  Hebrew 


for  chief  or  headman.  These  personages 
were  invariably  the  bankers  of  their  poorer 
brethren,  and  had  large  funds  at  their 
disposal  for  lending  at  interest.  How 
Shakespeare  got  hold  of  the  name  Sheleach 
is  a  puzzle  quite  as  hard  to  explain  as 
ST.  SWITHIN'S  "  Sala."  If  it  could  be  shown 
that  many  Venetian  Jews  were  "  basket 
makers,"  then  the  name  "  Sala "  would 
be  a  derivative  of  Sal= basket. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

FRENCH  WORDS  IN  SCOTCH  (10  S.  ix. 
369,  450).  —  One  must  not  omit  Francisque 
Michel's  '  Les  ^cossais  en  France,  les 
Frangais  en  Ecosse,'  especially  the  second 
volume.  Both  are  admirable,  however, 
and  not  least  as  indicating  in  the  notes 
sources  where  fuller  material  may  be  found. 
On  the  point  of  the  presence  of  French 
words  in  Scotch  of  to-day,  Francisque 
Michel  has  the  credit  of  having  dealt  with 
the  subject  more  fully  and  systematically 
than  any  one  else.  His  '  Critical  Inquiry 
into  the  Scottish  Language,  with  the  View 
of  illustrating  the  Rise  and  Progress  of 
Civilisation  in  Scotland  '  (Blackwood,  1882), 
is  a  storehouse  of  French  words,  many  of 
them  still  in  common  use  in  Scotland,  and 
classified  in  a  way  that  no  one  else  has  ever 
attempted.  Michel  was  much  less  at  home 
in  the  philology  of  Scotch  words  than  in, 
say,  that  of  the  Basque  provinces,  and  he 
has  been  rather  sharply  (often,  rightly 
enough)  assailed  for  many  of  his  derivations  ; 
but  that  notwithstanding,  his  '  Inquiry ' 
stands  as  really  a  dictionary,  more  or  less 
exhaustive,  of  French  words  in  Scotch. 

Perhaps  accurate  scholarship  on  the 
subject  is  best  represented  in  Prof.  Gregory 
Smith's  'Specimens  of  Middle  Scots' 
(Blackwood,  1902)  ;  see  also  the  articles 
on  the  same  subject  in  the  new  volume  of 
'  The  Cambridge  History  of  English  Lite- 
rature.' Prof.  Gregory  Smith  traces  the 
sources  of  the  language  more  scientifically 
than  had  previously  been  done,  but  seems 
to  ascribe  too  much  influence  to  literature. 
There  must  have  been  a  great  deal  of  living 
ordinary  intercourse  at  work  before  there 
could  be  the  universal  use  of  such  common 
words  as  "dresser"  (meaning  a  kind  of  side- 
board, common  in  Scotch  households),  Fr. 
dressoir  ;  "  kickshaws,"  Fr.  quelque  chose  ; 
'gean"  (wild  cherry),  Fr.  guigne  ;  "backet" 
ash-box),  Fr.  baquet  ;  "  cadis  "  (tufts  of 
woollen  waste),  Fr.  cadis  ("  caddie  "  also, 
now  almost  as  widely  known  again  as  when 
applied  to  the  "  porters,"  or  watchmen  of 
Old  Edinburgh)  ;  "  fent  "  (opening  in  a 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  15, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


sleeve  or  skirt),  Fr.  fente;  "mitten"  (a  glove 
without  fingers),  Fr.  mitaine  ;  "  bowie  " 
(cask),  Fr.  buie  ;  "  Provost,"  Fr.  (Provost) 
Prevot ;  and  hundreds  of  other  words 
scarcely  less  familiar. 

Place-  or  street-names  were  a  class  of 
words  that  Francisque  Michel  left  untouched, 
but  there,  too,  the  French  influence  survives 
in  Scotland.  Many  old  Scotch  towns  have 
streets  bearing  "  Row  "  as  part  of  the  name, 
Fr.  Rue  ;  thus  in  Aberdeen  two  of  our  very 
oldest  streets  are  the  Ship-Row  and  the 
Guest-  (Ghaist)  Row.  Again,  we  have  no 

wharves  in  Scotland  ;    they  are  all  quays 

Fr.  quai.  More  interesting  than  either  is 
the  name  "  vennel,"  for  a  small,  narrow, 
winding  street.  Perth,  the  ancient  capital, 
has  the  Cow  Vennel,  the  Fleshers'  Vennel, 
the  Guard  Vennel,  and  the  Meal  Vennel  ; 
Ayr  has  them  ;  Dumfries  and  others  of  the 
older  towns  as  well.  As  far  north  as  Hugh 
Miller's  birthplace,  Cromarty,  there  is 
still  the  Big  Vennel.  Aberdeen  had  one, 
the  most  wretched  of  the  "  slum "  pro- 
perties of  its  later  years,  till  it  was  cleared 
away  in  1841.  This  is  the  French  la 
venelle,  a  small  by-street,  which  has  been  used 
in  France  and  Scotland  continuously  for 
centuries  to  signify  the  same  thing.  This, 
too,  is  interesting  about  the  name — that 
for  many  years  in  Scotland  it  has  also  had 
a  generic  significance.  One  may  still  hear 
a  Scotch  housewife,  who  wishes  to  speak 
contemptuously  of  a  place,  describe  it  as 
"  a  vennel  of  a  place,"  when  otherwise, 
limited  to  the  Teutonic,  she  might  speak  of 
a  pigsty.  There  is  no  space  to  speak  of  a 
more  general  class  of  place-names,  but  I  like 
to  make  a  special  note  of  one  when  I  come 
across  it,  viz.,  "  Cunninghar  Hill."  I  know 
of  one  near  Dunrobin,  another  at  Alloa,  a 
third  at  Aberdeen.  There  must  be  many 
more.  It  is  the  Old  French  coniniere, 
a  rabbit  warren,  which,  however,  may 
have  come  to  us  only  indirectly  from  the 
French. 

One  more  example  may  be  permitted 
from  this  city.  The  title  of  the  civic 
dignitary  next  in  order  to  the  Provost — 
as  everywhere  in  Scotland — is  the  "  Baillie." 
And  this  curious  thing  is  to  be  noted — that 
in  Aberdeen  alone  is  the  old  French  double  I 
retained  in  the  title.  Everywhere  else — 
even  in  official  documents  received  here 
from  people  who  might  be  presumed  to 
know— it  is  "  Bailie."  I  was  interested 
in  noting  the  other  day  a  very  apt  example 
— too  long  to  quote — in  Anatole  France's 
new  '  Vie  de  Jeanne  d'Arc,'  of  the  use  of 
the  Old  French  title,  where  the  document 


spoke  of  the  cruel  zeal  of  the  "  Bailli  "  at 
the  execution  of  the  damsel,  in  throwing 
her  ashes  into  the  Seine. 

G.  M.  FBASER. 
Public  Library,  Aberdeen. 

The  Scottish  word  "  unco "  does  not 
come  from  the  Latin  unquam  through 
French  one  or  onques,  but  is  a  direct  repre- 
sentative of  the  English  "  uncouth."  It 
is  variously  used  as  an  adjective,  an  adverb, 
and  a  substantive.  "  Nae  safe  wading  in 
unco  waters  "  is  one  of  the  Scottish  proverbs 
in  Ramsay's  collection,  "  unco "  in  its 

Eosition  clearly  meaning  unknown  or  un- 
miiliar.  In  '  Guy  Mannering,'  chap.  xiiL 
the  old  maidservant  told  the  Colonel  that 
"  the  Laird  was  something  better. .  .  .andr 
as  the  day  was  fine  for  the  time  o'  year,  they 
had  carried  him  in  his  easy  chair  up  to  the 
green  before  the  auld  castle,  to  be  out  of  the 
way  of  this  unco  spectacle."  Burns  has 
many  examples  of  the  word  both  as  adjective 
and  adverb,  his  '  Address  to  the  Unco  Guid y 
and  Tarn  o'  Shanter's  "  getting  fou  and  unco 
happy "  adequately  illustrating  its  signi- 
ficance in  the  latter  capacity.  In  the  fifth 
stanza  of  '  The  Cotter's  Saturday  Night  * 
we  have  the  substantive  use  exemplified 
in  the  line, 

Each  tells  the  uncos  that  he  sees  or  hears. 
"  The  uncos,"  of  course,  are  the  things  that 
have  just  come  under  notice,  the  news  of  the 
country-side.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

It  is  not  clear  what  is  suggested  as  the 
French  equivalent  of  "  mutch."  The  latter 
is  short  of  the  first  syllable  of  Fr.  aumusse 
(late  Lat.  almucia),  which  =  probably,  the 
Arabic  al  (the),  approaching  more  nearly 
the  cognate  Ger.  Mutze.  For  transference 
of  meaning  compare  the  allied  words  cap 
and  cape. 

A  superficial  resemblance  between  O.  Fr. 
oncques  and  "  unco  "  is  no  justification  for 
attempting  to  equate  an  adverb  with  an 
adjective,  one  from  Latin  and  the  other  pure 
English.  H.  P.  L. 

A  list  of  twenty-five  French  words  in 
Scotch  is  given  at  p.  49  of  Scott  Dalgleish's 
'  Higher-Grade  English,'  a  well  -  known 
school-book.  ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

G.  M.  T.  will  find  a  fairly  comprehensive 
list  of  such  words  in  Max  O'Rell's  *  Friend 
MacDonald'  (Bristol,  Arrowsmith),  pp.  131- 
132.  FREDERICK  D.  READMAN. 

Stockton-on-Tees. 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  im 


ROMANS  AT  YORK  (10  S.  x.  8). — It  has 
been  conjectured  that  the  Ninth  Legion, 
which  had  formed  part  of  the  Roman  ex- 
peditionary force  in  43  A.D.,  and  which  had 
been  nearly  annihilated  eighteen  years  later 
in  the  insurrection  of  Boudicca  (Boadicea), 
was  moved  to  York  about  the  year  80,  when 
that  place  became  a  principal  military 
station  in  the  governorship  of  Agricola. 
About  120  A.D.  this  legion  disappears.  It 
is  usually  supposed  that  it  must  have 
suffered  very  heavy  losses  during  Hadrian's 
British  wars,  and  that  the  survivors  may 
have  been  incorporated  in  the  legion  which 
took  its  place.  It  is  presumably  the  Ninth 
Legion  to  which  Sir  H.  Drummond  Wolff's 
antiquary  referred.  A  few  inscriptions  men- 
tioning soldiers  of  the  same,  and  many 
tiles  bearing  its  stamp,  have  been  found  at 
York. 

But  the  legion  that  had  the  longest  con- 
nexion with  York  was  the  Sixth  (Victrix), 
which  apparently  succeeded  to  the  quarters 
of  the  Ninth.  Its  presence  there  is  men- 
tioned by  Ptolemy  and  the  Antonine  Itine- 
rary. The  '  Notitia  Dignitatum  '  (beginning 
of  fifth  century)  notes  a  "  prsefectus  Le- 
gionis  Sextse "  at  York.  Several  inscrip- 
tions mentioning  this  legion  and  many 
legionary  tiles  have  been  discovered  (see 
*  Corpus  Inscriptionum  Latinarum,'  vol.  vii.  ; 
'  Ephemeris  Epigraphica,'  vols.  iii.  and  vii.  ; 
Pfitzner,  '  Geschichte  der  romischen  Kaiser- 
legionen  von  Augustus  bis  Hadrianus'). 

But  apparently  as  early  as  the  reign  of 
Vespasian  Italy  ceased  to  supply  recruits 
for  the  legions  (see  Prof.  Purser's  '  Exercitus  ' 
in  Smith's  '  Diet,  of  Antiquities,'  vol.  i. 
p.  806,  and  Mommsen's  article  in  Hermes 
there  referred  to).  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"  SABARITICKE  "  (10  S.  ix.  488;  x.  33, 
53). — From  the  days  of  Dr.  Johnson  the 
task  of  a  lexicographer  has  generally  been 
regarded  as  one  identified  with  patience  and 
long-suffering.  Among  his  woes  are  unsuit- 
able suggestions.  DR.  BRADLEY  admittedly 
knows  his  business  ;  at  the  same  time  it 
may  be  averred  that  the  allusion  to  the  "Gulf 
of  Sabara "  is  unlikely,  Gr.  2a/3apaKos 
not  corresponding  to  the  English  form 
"  Sabariticke."  And  as  to  "  Sybaritic  sea  " 
not  having  "  any  point,"  the  fact  is  surely 
the  opposite.  Gluttony  is  implied  in  the 
passage  quoted,  not  mere  savage  craving. 

W.  B. 

MEDAL  OF  CHARLES  I.  (10  S.  x.  68). — To 
judge  from  the  presence  of  the  ring  for 
attaching  the  medal  to  the  person,  this  is 
probably  a  "  badge "  medal,  which  was 


furnished  with  a  ring  for  suspension,  par- 
tisans of  each  side  wearing  such  a  medal 
to  signify  their  political  sympathies. 
"  When,"  says  Mr.  Stanley  Lane-Poole  in 
his  '  Coins  and  Medals,'  1892  (p.  257), 
"  we  reflect  that  these  pieces  were  once  worn 
by  the  actors  in  that  memorable  drama, 
they  can  hardly  fail  to  awaken  a  peculiarly 
pathetic  interest."  See  further  pp.  258-9. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

HOLY  GRAIL  (10  S.  ix.  465  ;  x.  17).— On 
the  alleged  recent  discovery  of  the  Holy 
Grail  at  Glastonbury  see  The  Academy, 
vol.  Ixxii.  pp.  739,  740  ;  and  on  the  subject 
of  the  Grail  legends  generally  see  Mr. 
Arthur  Machen's  papers  in  the  same  volume 
at  pp.  797,  823,  844. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

SNAIL-EATING  AND  GIPSIES  (10  S.  x.  69). 
— Snails  are  now  carefully  hunted  for  in 
the  hedges,  and  eaten  as  an  article  of  food, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Swindon,  Wilts. 
They  were  considered  very  valuable  made 
into  a  broth  in  cases  of  weakness  after 
illness,  and  even  prescribed  by  a  doctor  for 
children  after  scarlet  fever  some  fifty  years 
ago. 

Helix  aspersa  is  the  sort  used  here,  the 
well-known  "  Roman  snail "  not  being 
found  in  this  neighbourhood.  T.  S.  M. 

Swindon. 

DEFOE  :  THE  DEVIL'S  CHAPEL  (10  S.  ix. 
187,  255,  331). — Humphrey  Kynaston,  one 
of  the  Kynastons  of  Myddle,  was  outlawed 
in  1491,  and  lived  in  a  cave  at  Nesscliffe. 
There  are  many  traditions  concerning  him, 
and,  like  other  heroes  of  mediaeval  times, 
he  is  said  to  have  sold  himself  to  the  devil. 
Gregory  in  '  The  Shropshire  Gazetteer,' 
published  by  him  in  1842,  says  : — 

"The  Chapel,  which  was  in  the  Diocese  of 
Coventry  and  Lichfield,  the  Deanery  of  Salop,  and 
Archdeaconry  of  Salop,  is  dilapidated,  and  a  school 
now  occupies  its  place.  Upon  the  front  of  the 
publick  school  is  the  following  singular  inscrip- 
tion : — 

God  protect  the  public  good, 

A  school  erected  where  a  chapel  stood." 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  first  line  of  the 
above  differs  from  that  given  by  MR.  PICK- 
FORD.     A    friend    of    mine,    living    in    the 
district,  sends  me  the  inscription,  which  is  : 
God  prosper  and  prolong  this  public  good  : 
A  school  erected  where  a  chapel  stood.     1753. 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

PRIOR  AND  HIS  CHLOE  (10  S.  x.  7,  77). — 
MR.  YARD  LEY'S  condemnation  of  Chloe  does 
not  seem  very  convincing.  I  have  known 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  is,  1908.  j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


the  poem  ( '  A  Better  Answer  ' )  for  forty 
years,  and  have  never  thought  of  it  as  bear- 
ing the  interpretation  which  MB.  YABDLEY 
•gives  it.  On  the  contrary,  I  have  always 
thought  that  the  graceful  and  charming 
•compliments  it  contains  might  have  been 
addressed  to  any  lady  in  the  land. 

Does  MB.  YABDLEY  remember  the  style 
of  dress  of  ladies — indeed,  of  women  of  all 
ranks — in  Prior's  day  ?  '  A  Lover's  Anger  ' 
may  be  considered  a  harmless  jeu  d*  esprit 
when  this  is  borne  in  mind. 

However,  my  query  was  meant  to  be — 
Ts  there  any  evidence  that  Miss  Taylor  was 
Prior's  real  Chloe  ? — the  Chloe  of  so  many 
of  his  poems  being  more  or  less  an  imaginary 
person.  T.  M.  W. 

"  ANGEL  "  OF  AN  INN  (10  S.  ix.  488  ;  x. 
14,  55,  95).— The  host  of  "The  Garter" 
{'  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,'  IV.  v.)  says  of 
Palstaff  :  "  There  's  his  chamber,  his  house, 
his  castle,  his  standing-bed  and  truckle- 
"bed  ;  'tis  painted  about  with  the  story  of 
the  Prodigal,  fresh  and  new."  So  painted 
it  would  naturally  be  known  as  the  Prodigal 
Room  or  the  Prodigal,  more  especially  if 
other  rooms  had  a  similar  decoration  of 
their  own.  Doubtless  the  hostel-name  of 
the  rooms  called  the  Angel,  the  Lion,  the 
Lamb,  and  so  forth  is  thus  explained.  It 
was  before  the  days  of  wall-paper  !  Alike 
in  churches,  as  we  know,  and  in  domestic 
•dwellings,  this  form  of  mural  decoration  was 
'destined  to  disappear  under  whitewash. 

DOUGLAS  OWEN. 

TIGEB  FOLK-LOBE  AND  POPE  (10  S.  x. 
88). — ASTABTE  will  find  the  description  of 
Stanton  Harcourt  to  which  he  refers  in  an 
undated  letter  of  Pope's  to  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  (probably  written  in  the 
summer  of  1718).  The  quotation  as  given 
from  Mortimer  Collins' s  '  Pen  Sketches  '  is 
not  literally  accurate.  The  whole  passage 
referring  to  the  kitchen  runs  : — 

"  The  kitchen  is  built  in  form  of  the  Rotunda, 
Ireing  one  vast  vault  to  the  top  of  the  house  ;  where 
one  aperture  serves  to  let  out  the  smoke  and  let  in 
the  light.  By  the  blackness  oE  the  walls,  the 
•circular  fires,  vast  cauldrons,  yawning  mouths  of 
ovens  and  furnaces,  you  would  think  it  either  the 
forge  of  Vulcan,  the  cave  of  Polypheme,  or  the 
temple  of  Moloch.  The  horror  of  this  place  has 
•made  such  an  impression  on  the  country  people, 
that  they  believe  the  Witches  keep  their  Sabbath 
liere,  and  that  once  a  year  the  Devil  treats  them 
with  infernal  venison,  a  roasted  tiger  stuff'd  with 
tenpemiy  nails." 

WALTEB  JEBBOLD. 

Hampton-on-Thames 
[Ms.  E.  YAKDLEY  also  quotes  Pope's  letter.] 


ST.  ANDBEW'S  CBOSS  (10  S.  viii.  507  ;  ix. 
32,  114  ;  x.  91). — St.  Andrew's  tomb  is  not 
"  in  the  north  of  Italy,"  but  at  Amalfi, 
in  the  south  of  Italy,  where  he  is  much 
venerated.  Baedeker  says  the  body  is 
said  to  have  been  there  since  the  thirteenth 
century,  when  it  wfcs  brought  from  Con- 
stantinople. "  The  relics,  from  which  an 
oily  matter  (manna  di  Sanf  Andrea)  of 
miraculous  power  is  said  to  exude,  attract 
numerous  devotees."  The  tomb  is  in  a 
crypt  under  the  high  altar,  and  is  readily 
shown  in  return  for  small  buona  mano. 

G.  S.  PABBY. 

The  tomb  of  a  "  Sant'  Andrea  di  Scozia," 
probably  one  of  the  Columban  apostles  of 
the  Apennines,  is  in  the  church  of  a  small 
village  near  Florence — I  believe  Ponte  a 
Mensola.  This  is  probably  the  saint  re- 
ferred to  by  Lord  Rosebery.  Q.  V. 
[Reply  from  MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY  next  week.] 

RUSHLIGHTS  (10  S.  x.  27,  76,  93).— In  my 
communication  on  p.  93  I  should  have 
written  grisset  instead  of  "  cresset,"  and 
should  have  stated  that  a  common  name 
for  these  implements  is  "  rush-boat."  This 
is  not  in  the  '  E.D.D.'  They  were  either 
cast  or  made  of  two  iron  plates  rivetted 
together.  They  are  of  a  half-moon  shape, 
and  generally  have  three  legs. 

E.  E.  STBEET. 

I  can  remember  rushlights  being  in  use 
in  a  farm-house  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Holt,  Norfolk,  in  1870  ;  and  at  about  the 
same  date  I  can  recall  seeing  one  burning 
in  a  perforated  iron  shade  in  a  sick-room  in 
Norwich. 

About  twenty  years  ago  I  discovered  the 
apparatus  for  making  rushlights  in  an  old 
farmhouse  in  Virginia,  and  learned  that 
it  had  been  in  full  use  "  before  the  War," 
but  that  rushlights  were  now  used  only 
"  by  a  few  old-fashioned  darkies." 

FBEDEBICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

DICKENS  ON  "HALF-BAPTIZED"  (10  S. 
x.  29,  90). — The  private  baptism  of  an  infant 
in  danger  of  death  is  still  practised  in  the 
Down  Country,  and  in  the  majority  of  cases, 
if  the  'child  survives,  the  full  ceremony 
follows  in  church.  MB.  RATCLIFFE'S  sug- 
gestion that  half -baptism  means  registration 
is  new  to  me.  But  I  have  heard  civil 
marriage  (i.e.,  by  the  registrar)  spoken  of  as 
half-marriage,  and  the  belief  still  exists  in 
the  isolated  hill-district  of  Berkshire  that 
such  marriage  is  not  legally  binding  after  a 
time.  GEOBGE  C.  PEACHEY, 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  iocs. 


BRASS  AS  A  SURNAME  (10  S.  viii.  350  ;  ix. 
358  ;  x.  74). — This  is  by  no  means  an  un- 
common surname.  In  '  The  Clergy  List ' 
the  names  occur  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Brass 
and  the  Rev.  John  Brass  ;  the  latter  I  know 
personally. 

To  refer  to  a  work  of  fiction,  '  The  Old 
Curiosity  Shop,'  who  can  forget  Sampson 
Brass  of  Bevis  Marks  and  his  sister  Sally 
Brass  ?  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

JOHNSON'S  'TROPICAL  CLIMATES'  (10  S. 
x.  89). — The  well-known  work  entitled 
*  The  Influence  of  Tropical  Climates  on 
European  Constitutions  '  was  first  published 
in  1813,  and  the  author  was  James  Johnson, 
M.D.,  a  physician  whose  name  will  be  found 
in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography.' 
A  sixth  edition  of  this  book  was  published 
in  1841,  with  many  additions,  by  the  late 
Sir  James  Ranald  Martin.  Johnson  died 
in  1845  —  and  the  seventh  edition  in  1855 
had  become  practically  a  new  book  under 
the  editorship  of  Martin.  The  title  was 
enlarged  as  follows  : — 

"  The  Influence  of  Tropical  Climates  on  European 
Constitutions,  including  Practical  Observations  on 
the  Nature  and  Treatment  of  the  Diseases  of  Euro- 
peans on  their  Return  from  Tropical  Climates." 

A  second  edition  of  Martin's  work  appeared 
in  1861  as 

"  The  Influence  of  Tropical  Climates  in  producing 
the  Acute  Endemic  Diseases  of  Europeans,  in- 
cluding Practical  Observations  on  the  Nature  and 
Treatment  of  their  Chronic  Sequelre  under  the 
Influence  of  the  Climate  of  Europe." 

Martin  died  in  1874,  and  his  name  is  also 
included  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

HENRY  B.  WHEATLEY. 

The  author  of  the  book  (1812)  was  James 
Johnson,  M.D.  (1777-1845).  In  1798  he 
was  appointed  surgeon's  mate  in  the  Navy  ; 
and  in  1800,  as  surgeon  to  the  Cynthia 
sloop  of  war,  he  accompanied  the  expedition 
to  Egypt.  He  was  placed  on  half-pay  in 
1814,  and  settled  in  general  practice  at 
Portsmouth,  whence  he  removed  to  London. 
He  was  the  author  of  several  books  besides 
the  one  MR.  SHORTER  mentions,  and  the 
editor  of  The  Medico -Chirurgical  Journal 
(see  '  Men  of  the  Reign,'  edited  by  Thomas 
Humphry  Ward,  Routledge,  1885). 

WM.  H.  PEET. 
[MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY  also  thanked  for  reply.  ] 

CROWS      "  CRYING      AGAINST      THE      RAIN  " 

(10  S.  x.  88).— The  verses  in  Miss  Silberrad's 
book  are  a  quotation  from  George  Gas- 
coigne's  '  Good  Morrow,'  written  about 


1572,  and  "  against,"  as  used  by  the  old 
poet,  means  "  before,"  referring  to  the- 
proverb  that  the  crow  forebodes  rain  by 
chattering.  Of  course,  the  same  thing  is 
said  about  parrots  and  other  birds,  Ovid 
in  his  Elegies,  Book  II.  No.  IV.,  and  Festus 
Avienus,  in  his  '  Prognostics,'  varying  the 
reference  by  mentioning  the  jackdaw. 
Shakespeare  calls  this  faculty  in  man,  bird, 
and  beast,  of  being  conscious  beforehand 
of  ensuing  danger,  change,  or  storms  to- 
come,  "  a  divine  instinct." 

C.  CRAWFORD. 

In  Virgil  the  "  villainous  "  or  "  good-for- 
nothing  "  raven  invites  the  rain  : — 

Turn  cornix  plena  pluviam  vocat  improba  voce. 
with  which  Conington  compares  Lucretius,, 
v.  1084  ff  :— 

Cornicum  ut  saecla  vetusta 

Corvorumque  greges,  nbi  aquam  dicuntur  et  imbri» 
Poscere,  et  interdum  ventos  aurasque  vocare. 

Pliny  ('  Hist.  Nat.,'  xviii.  363)  says  : — 
"  Cum  terrestres  volucres  contra  aquam  clangored 
dabunt  perfundentesque  sese,  sed  maxime  cornix 
ardea  [not  cornix]  in  mediis  harenis  tristis." 

EMERITUS. 

Virgil  in  his  first  Georgic  has  the  line 
Turn  cornix  plena  pluviam  vocat  improba  voce  ; 
and  this  Dryden  has  translated 

The    crow,    with    clamorous    cries,    the    showe 
demands. 

Horace,  in  the  seventeenth  ode  of  the  third 
book,  has  written  thus  : — 

Cras  fpliis  neirms 
Multis  et  alga  litus  inutili 
Demissa  tempestas  ab  Euro 

Sternet  aquae  nisi  fallit  augur, 
Annosa  cornix. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

Numerous  quotations  for  the  belief  that 
crows  foretell  rain  can  be  found  in  Richard 
Inwards's  'Weather  Lore'  (London,  1898> 
and  elsewhere.  L.  L.  K. 

The  raven's  croak  against  rain  is  one- 
signifying  his  unhappiness  : — 

"  Ravens  and  crows,  when  they  do  make  a  hoarser 
hollow,  and  sorrowful  noise,  as  if  they  sobbed,  it 
presages  foul  weather  approaching.  Crows  flocking 
together  in  great  companies,  or  calling  early  in  the 
morning  with  a  full  and  clear  voice,  or  at  any  time 
of  the  day  gaping  against  the  sun,  forshe\vs  hot  and 
dry  weather ;  but  if  at  the  brink  of  ponds  they  do- 
wet  their  heads,  or  stalk  into  the  water,  or  cry 
much  towards  the  evening,  are  signs  of  rain."- 
Willsford's  '  Nature's  Secrets,'  p.  133,  quoted  ina 
Brand's  '  Antiquities '  (Bohn,  1855,  vol.  iii.  p.  212). 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


Both  the  carrion  crow  and  the  rook  are 
popularly  supposed  to  foretell  the  coming 
of  rain,  not  only  by  an  unusual  hoarseness 
in  their  note,  but  by  a  peculiar  sliding  move- 
ment in  their  flight.  With  regard  to  the 
latter,  see  Dr.  Jenner's  well-known  weather- 
lore  verses,  quoted  in  Chambers's  *  Book  of 
Days.'  C.  C.  B. 

"  Against  "  in  the  sense  of  "  before  "  is 
used  habitually  in  this  district,  where  one 
constantly  hears  such  expressions  as  "  I  '11 
get  it  done  agen'  night,"  or  "  They  did 
ought  to  be  put  in  agen'  the  fall  "  (planted 
just  before  autumn). 

The  disturbing  effect  of  impending  rain 
on  the  nervous  organization  of  many  crea- 
tures besides  crows  and  parrots  is  very 
noticeable,  as  exemplified  in  the  well- 
known  lines  : — 

Loud  quack  the  ducks,  the  peacocks  cry, 
The  distant  hills  are  seeming  nigh. 
How  restless  are  the  snorting  swine  ! 
The  busy  flies  disturb  the  kine. 

CHARLES  GILLMAN. 
Church  Fields,  Salisbury. 

[H.  I.  B.  and  MR.  R.  WELFORD  thanked  for  replies.] 

"BUCCADO"  (10  S.  x.  87).— This  is  pro- 
bably only  an  alternative  spelling  of  the 
Spanish  "  bocado  "  (Italian  boccata),  meaning 
&  "  mouthful "  or  "  morsel."  As  it  has 
never  been  naturalized  to  the  extent,  e.g., 
of  bonne-bouche,  one  could  hardly  expect 
to  find  it  even  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  (Bonne- 
bouche,  with  its  meaning,  is  given  in  so 
small  a  dictionary  as  Nut-tail's.) 

C.  S.  HARRIS. 

In  Spanish  bocado  means  a  mouthful. 
The  plural  bocados  means  slices  of  quinces, 
apples,  &c.,  made  up  into  conserves  (F. 
Corona  Bustamente's  '  Sp.  and  Eng.  Dic- 
tionary,' 1882).  U.  V.  W. 

[Many  other  correspondents  agree  that  it  is 
Spanish.] 

BUDGEE,  A  KIND  OF  APE  (10  S.  x.  89).— 
Can  this  be  the  creature  mentioned  in 
*  Robert  Drury's  Journal  in  Madagascar  ' 
("  Adventure  Series,"  1890)  ?  "  I  saw  a 
great  many  different  kinds  of  monkeys, 
baboons,  and  virjees,"  &c.  The  editor,  the 
late  Capt.  Oliver,  in  a  foot-note  quotes  the 
following  from  Ogilby  (in  1666,  from 
De  Flacourt's  description  of  the  island)  : — 

"  Monkies  or  Baboons  are  of  several  sorts A 

third,  and  the  most  common,  called  Varii  (Virgis), 
are  gray  and  long  nosed  with  great  shaggy  tails. 
These  may  be  tamed  without  difficulty  if  taken 
young." 


In  the  index  we  find  :  "  Virjees  or  Varii, 
a  species  of  lemur."  As  the  letters  b  and  v 
are  easily  interchangeable,  "  budgee  "  may 
stand  for  "  virjee." 

In  Madagascar  and  the  adjacent  islands 
it  is  not  an  uncommon  sight  to  see  a  black 
man  or  a  French  soklier  walk  about  with  a 
creature  with  a  long  bushy  tail — a  kind  of 
lemur,  and  not  a  true  ape — sitting  on  his 
shoulder.  They  are  very  tame  and  most 
affectionate  when  young,  but  get  quarrel- 
some and  bad-tempered  with  old  age.  We 
brought  several  of  them  with  us  to  Mar- 
seilles on  the  French  steamer.  The  local 
name  of  the  animal  is  "  mac  "  ;  and  when 
I  first  saw  one,  I  was  told  that  it  was  not  a 
monkey,  nor  even  a  macaco,  but  a  "  mac." 

L.  L.  K. 

Would  not  this  be  an  ape  or  "  jackanapes  " 
(i.e.,  a  monkey)  possessing  a  furry  coat 
suggestive  of  budge,  the  dressed  fur  or  wool 
of  either  the  lamb  or  young  kid,  a  not  un- 
common characteristic  of  some  species  of 
the  Simiadse  ? 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

"SINEWS  OF  WAR"  (10  S.  ix.  470).—  In. 
Sir  Henry  Savile's  translation  of  Tacitus' s 
'  Histories,'  the  first  edition  of  which  ap- 
peared in  1581,  the  words  in  Book  II. 
chap.  84, 

"  Sed  nihil  seque  fatigabat  quam  pecuniarum  con- 
quisitio :  eos  esse  belli  civilis  neryos  dictitans 
Mucianus  non  ius  aut  verum  in  cognitionibus,  scd 
solum  magnitudinem  opum  spectabat," 

are  rendered : — 

"  but  the  greatest  difficulty  was  to  get  money :  which 
Mutianus  affirming  to  bee  the  sinewes  of  ciuill  warre, 
respected  not  law  or  equity  in  iudgemerits,  but 
onely  what  way  to  procure  masses  of  money." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

COUNTING  BRINGING  ILL-LUCK  (10  S.  ix. 
108). — A  friend  of  mine  received  an  illus- 
tration of  this  superstition  when  visiting 
the  Standing  Stones  at  Callernish,  in  the 
Lewis.  He  asked  a  peasant  boy  how  many 
stones  there  were  in  the  monument,  but  was 
told  that  no  one  knew,  for  it  was  unlucky 
to  count  them.  The  lad  looked  as  if  he 
expected  the  ground  to  open  when  my 
friend  replied  that  he  had  just  counted  them, 
and  knew  the  exact  number. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

HENRY  ELLISON  (10  S.  x.  8,  95). — I  am 
under  a  great  debt  to  the  several  contribu- 
tors who  have  helped  me  to  rescue  from 
oblivion  one  of  the  literary  glories  of  the 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUG.  is,  im. 


Mid- Victorian  era.  I  have  not  yet  been 
able  to  look  into  Main  or  Miles  ;  but  there 
is  quite  enough  in  the  old  numbers  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  to  provide  me  with  an  answer 
to  C.  C.  B.,  who  seems  to  doubt  Ellison's 
claims  to  poetic  laurels.  A  contributor  at 
5  S.  viii.  51  alludes  to  Ellison's  influence 
on  Morris,  Mr.  Swinburne,  and  Tennyson, 
and  says  The  Athenceum  of  1844  favourably 
reviews  his  '  Poetry  of  Real  Life,'  praises 
its  many  beauties  and  merits,  and  refers 
to  him  as  "  the  coming  poet."  Any  one 
who  has  read  his  sonnet  "  A  music 
yet  unknown "  must  be  caught  by  its 
melody  and  sweetness. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAB. 

THE  BONASSTJS  (10  S.  ix.  365,  451  ;  x.  90). 
— Many  years  ago  I  read  a  little  collection 
of  stories  and  sketches  by  George  Augustus 
Sala,  but,  I  think,  published  anonymously. 
Among  the  sketches  was  one  of  an  ima- 
ginative, picturesque  penny-a-liner  "  letting 
himself  go,"  with  a  resulting  phrase  which 
has  stuck  in  my  head  ever  since  :  "  The 
stately  bonassus  stalked  from  [or  through] 
the  underwood."  CHARLES  HIGHAM. 

OLD  TUNES  (10  S.  x.  48,  93).— Mony- 
musk  (not  "  Money  Musk "  nor  "  Moni- 
musk  ")  is  a  parish  and  estate  in  Aberdeen- 
shire,  which  gave  the  name  to  a  dance  tune 
much  in  vogue  in  that  region  a  quarter  of  a 
century  ago  (and  probably  yet).  The  com- 
poser may  have  been  a  Monymusk  man,  or 
may  have  dedicated  it  to  the  laird.  How 
its  fame  reached  Hartford,  Conn.,  is  a 
puzzle.  R. 

WINE  USED  AT  HOLY  COMMUNION  (10  S. 
ix.  90,  212,  432  ;  x.  96).— Would  this  not 
be  the  kind  grown  in  the  country,  where  there 
is  any  viniculture  ?  In  Hungary  it  is  the 
common  white  table  wine  that  is  used  for  the 
purpose.  L.  L.  K. 

T.  L.  PEACOCK  :  "  SKYLIGHT  "  AND 
"TWILIGHT"  (10  S.  x.  9,  76).— Has  MB. 
MOBETON  any  authority  for  the  explanation 
which  he  gives  ?  and  if  so,  will  he  be  good 
enough  to  cite  it  ?  I  suggest  that  "  no 
skylight  "  means  no  light  at  the  top  of  the 
glass,  i.e.,  fill  to  the  brim  ;  and  that  "  no 
twilight  "  means  no  "half  light  in  the  glass, 
i.e.,  drink  to  the  dreps.  But  these  are  mere 
conjectures.  M.  G.  D. 

SWIMMING  BATH  (10  S.  x.  89). — Lake 
Allen's  '  History  of  Portsmouth,'  1817,  says  : 

"  In  the  year  1754  was  built  by  subscription  a 
ommodious  Bathing-house,  situated  near  the  mouth 


of  Portsmouth  Harbour,  close  to  the  run  of  the 
tide,  which  plentifully  supplies  four  baths  of 
different  depths  of  water ;  two  of  them  are  large 
enough  to  swim  in.  In  this  Bathing-house  are  like- 
wise not  baths,  and  two  good  dressing-rooms  :  one 
for  ladies,  the  other  for  gentlemen  ;  and  every  other 
necessary  accommodation." 

The  square  close  by,  where  the  Fish  Market 
is  still  held,  is  known  as  Bath  Square,  and 
a  .narrow  passage  leading  from  the  square* 
to  Broad  Street  as  Bathing  Lane. 

F.  K.  P. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

The,  Ideal  of  a  Gentleman  ;  or,  a  Mirror  for  Gentle- 
folks. By  A.  Smythe  Palmer,  D.D.  (Routledge- 
&  Sons.) 

DR.  SMYTHE  PALMER'S  selection  of  passages  in 
prose  and  verse  from  the  earliest  times  recalls  a 
question  often  debated,  What  is  a  gentleman  ?  and 
popular  in  the  press,  since  it  affords  ample  occasion 
for  debate,  ana  little  for  exact  definition.  Turning 
to  the  'New  English  Dictionary,'  which  is  as- 
remarkable  for  its  analysis  of  meanings  as  for  its 
wealth  of  examples,  we  find  that  a  gentleman  is 
"a  person  of  distinction  without  precise  definition 
of  rank,"  "  a  man  in  whom  gentle  birth  is  accom- 
panied by  appropriate  qualities  and  behaviour ; 
hence,  in  general,  a  man  of  chivalrous  instincts  and 
fine  feelings,"  and  "  a  man  of  superior  position  in 
society,  or  having  the  habits  of  life  indicative  of 
this ;  often  one  whose  means  enable  him  to  live  in 
easy  circumstances  without  engaging  in  trade,  a 
man  of  money  and  leisure."  These  definitions 
virtually  exhaust  the  Dictionary's  sub-headings,, 
apart  from  heraldic  and  other  special  usages,, 
such  as  "gentleman  in  waiting,"  and  satirical 
references.  But,  admirable  and  thoughtful  as  they 
are,  they  leave  unexpressed,  though  doubtless  they 
imply,  the  first  idea  of  a  gentleman  that  will  come 
to  many  minds — the  idea  that  some  standard  of 
education  (which  goes  along  with  a  moral  standard)' 
is  implied.  We  get  this  at  once  in  German,  where 
we  find  the  gentleman  described  as  "  der  gebildete- 
Mann,"  the  man  of  culture.  The  Greek  kalokaga- 
thos  implies  a  similar  qualification.  In  our  own 
day,  except  in  a  very  small  portion  of  London 
society,  birth  and  breeding  have  alike  given  way  to- 
the  advances  of  the  plutocrat,  who  may,  so  far  as 
heraldry  goes,  rank  above  the  plain  gentleman,  yet 
remains  obviously  below  him  in  such  elementary 
points  as  speech  and  manners  at  table.  The 
advance  of  the  princes  of  trade,  copiously  be- 
sprinkled with  the  fount  of  honour,  is  one  of  the 
features  of  our  time.  We  may  quote  here  one  of 
the  few  passages  which  are  in  our  own  common- 
place books,  and  do  not  figure  in  Dr.  Smythe 
Palmer's  collection:  "Mrs.  Burney  heard  Dr. 
Johnson  say,  '  An  English  merchant  is  anew  species 
of  gentleman ' "  (Boswell's  *  Life  of  Johnson,'  ed^ 
Hill,  i.  491).  Our  present  heraldry,  Boswell  remarks, 
"  is  suited  to  the  times  in  which  it  had  its  origin. 
It  is  chiefly  founded  upon  ferocious  merit,  upon 
military  excellence."  He  goes  on  to  ask  why  "  the 
spirited  hazards  of  trade  and  commerce"  should 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  15,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


not  be  entitled  to  the  same  nattering  distinctions. 
This  suggestion  is  then  scorned  as  specious,  and 
unworthy  of  refutation,  as  "  a  gentleman  is  a 
gentleman."  It  is  to  be  feared  that  Boswell  had 
the  pride  of  the  landed  proprietor,  yet  perhaps 
admired  with  envy  the  money  of  the  Thrale  whom 
he  regarded  as  an  inferior.  Boswell  would  certainly 
be  surprised  and  shocked  at  the  glorification  of 
trade  and  commerce  in  our  own  day.  Already  in 
the  days  of  *  Bleak  House '  Dickens  had  noted  (end 
of  chap,  xxxv.)  that  titles  were  not  customarily 
conferred  "on  men  distinguished  for  peaceful 
services,  however  good  or  great ;  unless  occasionally, 
when  they  consisted  of  the  accumulation  of  some 
very  large  amount  of  money." 

The  classical  tongues,  which  Goethe  hoped  would 
ever  remain  the  characteristic  of  the  higher  cultiva- 
tion, are  getting  out  of  fashion,  and  the  combina- 
tion "  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman  "  is  not  now  often 
heard.  But  there  are  plenty  of  books  which  supply 
extracts  of  the  wisdom  of  the  world  concerning 
right  thinking  and  acting.  None  of  these  can  com- 
pare in  range  and  exhaustiveness  with  our  author's 
admirable  collection.  He  is  a  scholar  of  ample 
erudition,  and  his  book  was  first  thought  of  some 
twenty  years  ago.  It  began  as  an  Anthology,  and 
now  it  has,  as  he  says,  "  turned  into  something  like 
a  cyclopaedia  of  Gentlehood."  There  are  no  fewer 
than  522  pages,  which  include  a  capital  index  ;  and 
the  fourteen  chapters  have  such  headings  as  4  The 
Historical  Idea  of  a  Gentleman,'  *  The  Herald's 
Gentleman,'  'Ancestry,'  'Wealth  and  Work,' 
'  Manners  and  Good  Breeding,'  '  The  Poets'  Gentle- 
man,' '  Gentlemen  of  other  Nations,'  and  '  Ironical 
and  Abusive  Acceptation  of  "  Gentleman."  '  All 
the  pages  are  close  packed  with  passages  of  the 
most  varied  character,  ranging,  as  the  Foreword 
says,  from  an  Egyptian  moralist  of  B.C.  3300  to  Mr. 
William  Watson ;  and  the  frontispiece  is,  most 
suitably,  a  unique  portrait  of  that  ideal  gentleman, 
Sir  Philip  Sidney.  We  are  pleased  to  see  many  of 
our  favourite  passages  from  Tennyson,  Ruskin, 
Walter  Scott,  Newman,  Wordsworth,  and  a  host  of 
other  great  men.  An  important  and  unusual  addi- 
tion to  a  book  of  this  sort  is  the  collection  of  ex- 
cerpts from  journalism — The  Spectator,  Quarterly, 
Saturday  Review,  Times,  Standard.  &c.  —  which 
would  form  an  anthology  of  themselves,  and  often 
supply  illuminating  matter.  The  volume  is,  in  fact, 
a  symphony  in  which  minds  ancient  and  modern 
play  with  subtle  modulations  of  phrase  and  key  the 
themes  of  the  whole.  No  one  could  read  it  straight 
off,  but  it  supplies  endless  matter  for  reflection  and 
edification.  We  owe  to  Dr.  Symthe  Palmer  himself 
some  original  passages,  and  translations  of  classical 
authors.  Exact  references  are  almost  always  sup- 
plied, and  pains  are  taken  to  indicate  the  context 
where  passages  as  they  stand  are  not  clear. 

Any  additions  or  suggestions  that  we  make  are 
rather  such  as  are  dictated  by  our  own  fancy  and 
reading  than  by  a  sense  that  anything  of  moment 
is  wanting.  Further  references  to  Greek  and  Latin 
would  have  made  the  book  too  bulky  for  a  single 
volume,  but  we  note  that  good  citizenship  has 
recently,  and  wisely,  been  put  forward  as  one  of 
the  essentials  of  perfect  manhood,  and  thus  there  is 
a  return  to  Aristotle's  conception  of  the  man  who  is 
rtXat'wc  ffirovSalof.  Without  some  self-imposed  idea 
of  useful  industry  the  man  of  great  wealth,  who 
need  network,  becomes  the  dangerous  and  freakish 
millionaire.  We  find  two  quotations  from  Horace. 
Ruskin,  in  a  passage  from  his  diaries,  only  avail- 


able, we  think,  since  this  book  was  written 
('Works,'  Library  Edition,  vol.  xxxiii.  p.  xxiii), 
has:  "Horace's  definition  of  a  gentleman:  'Est 
animus  tibi :  sunt  mores  et  lingua,  fidesque.'  I've 
learned  this  to-day,  quite  one  of  the  most  exhaustive 
verses  in  the  world." 

The  "Nil  admirari"  of  Horace  is,  as  our  late 
Editor  used  to  remark*  one  of  the  chief  boasts  of 
those  gentlemen  who  move  in  the  social  world. 
This  stoical  demeanour  has  its  obvious  defects  and 
virtues.  The  latter  might  have  been  exhibited  in 
the  prose  of  Marcus  Aurelius  or  the  melancholy 
wisdom  of  Amiel. 

From  our  own  columns  (7  S.  xii.  514)  is  gathered 
the  story  of  an  inebriated  diner  expelled  from 
The  Cock  Tavern  by  a  waiter,  who  on  his  return 
to  the  room  "  said  with  emphasis,  '  He's  a  perfec' 
gentleman ' ;  adding,  after  a  pause,  as  if  to  explain 
how  he  arrived  at  so  decided  a  conclusion  '  he  give 
me  'alf-a-crown.' "  Many  amusing  manifestations  of 
the  same  confidence  by  the  lower  orders  are  quoted. 
We  remember  a  definition,  supplied,  we  think,  by 
Mr.  G.  R.  Sims,  that  "a  gentleman  is  a  person  who 
can  be  seen  in  a  clean  collar  without  remark."  The 
merits  of  good  dress  and  cleanliness  are  not  omitted 
here,  but  there  is  nothing  on  the  gentleman  fop 
quite  so  pungent  as  Tennyson's  satire  on  Lytton, 
not  now  printed  in  his  works,  but  sent  to  Punch 
(28  February,  1846)  by  John  Forster.  One  verse 
runs : — 

What  profits  now  to  understand 
The  merits  of  a  spotless  shirt — 
A  dapper  boot — a  little  hand — 
If  half  the  little  soul  is  dirt  ? 

We  recall  in  this  connexion  the  conflict  between 
Cloten   and   Guiderius    in   'Cymbeline'   (IV.  ii.). 
Cloten  demands  submission  on  the  strength  of  his 
obvious  rank  and  superior  appearance  : — 
do.  Thou  villain  base, 

Knows't  me  not  by  my  clothes  ? 
Gui.  No,  nor  thy  tailor,  rascal ; 

Who  is  thy  grandfather :  he  made  those  clothes, 

Which,  as  it  seems,  make  thee. 

Dr.  Smythe  Palmer  gives,  as  might  be  expected, 
many  excellent  passages  concerning  the  Christian 
gentleman.  Our  own  commonplace  books  remind 
us  that  without  faith  high  ideals  have  been 
enunciated.  From  the  sections  entitled  'We 
Scholars '  and  '  What  is  Noble '  in  Nietzsche's 
'  Beyond  Good  and  Evil '  it  may  be  gathered  that 
the  'idea  of  the  Superman  does  not  exclude  enviable 
qualities. 

The  book  is  admirably  printed,  and  we  have  not 
detected  any  misprints.  The  passage  of  Ruskin 
quoted  on  p.  296  appears  in  a  shorter  form,  with 
somewhat  different  punctuation,  on  p.  355.  But 
that  does  not  matter.  In  the  words  of  the  Greek 
proverb  we  may  say,  Ate  r\  rptf  ra  jcaAd.  Such 
repeated  attention  is  deserved  by  this  collection  of 
the  world's  best  thoughts  on  the  subject  of  the  best 
men. 

The  National  Review  is  as  lively  as  usual  in  its 
remarks  on  current  politics.  Mr.  H.  W.  Wilson 
has  an  'Appreciation'  of  Lord  Charles  Beresford, 
and  Mr.  J.  S.  Arkwright,  M.P.,  writes  on  'The 
Parliamentary  Breakdown,'  remarking  that  the 
hopeless  overloading  of  the  Party  programme  is 
known  to  everybody.  This  is  an  accusation 
brought,  we  think,  against  most  Governments  by 
the  Opposition.  An  "old-time  admirer"  has  been 
discovered  who  talks  of  "  the  biggest  muddle  that 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  ADG.  is, 


Westminster  has  ever  seen."  In  '  A  Niece  of 
Halifax '  Lord  Hylton  introduces  some  interesting 
correspondence  of  the  early  eighteenth  century. 
An  important,  sober,  and  well-reasoned  article  is 
that  by  Mr.  Reginald  A.  Bray  on  '  The  Burden  of 
the  Family.'  Sir  Oliver  Lodge  makes  an  appeal 
for  fresh  resources  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the 
University  of  Birmingham.  Mr.  W.  T.  R.  Preston 
in  '  Fair  Play  for  Japan '  goes  over  a  good  deal  of 
familiar  ground,  but  rightly  emphasizes  the  strik- 
ing qualities  which  promise  continued  success  to 
the  latest  "  arrival "  as  a  Great  Power.  The  most 
interesting  article  to  us  is  a  protest  concerning 
'  The  Well  of  English  Defiled,'  by  Academicus, 
dealing  with  the  deterioration  of  English  style  and 
the  praise  of  the  bizarre.  While  we  cordially  en- 
dorse the  writer's  main  views,  we  are  amazed  at 
some  of  his  examples.  He  says  that  "  one 
of  the  marks  of  a  good  style  is  the  ease  with 
which  it  lends  itself  to  translation  into  another 
tongue,"  and  proceeds  to  give  an  English  version  of 
Tacitus — of  all  writers  in  the  world !  In  our 
opinion  there  never  has  been,  and  never  will  be,  a 
thoroughly  adequate  English  translation  of  that 
brilliant  author,  for  the  very  reason  that  he  strained 
Latin,  already  a  brief  language,  to  a  point  at  which 
brevity  and  obscurity  meet.  The  translation  by 
Jowett  of  the  Funeral  Oration  of  Pericles  is 
-elegant,  but  not  satisfactory  as  a  rendering  of  the 
Creek.  Newman  and  Addison,  with  whom  the 
article  concludes  as  exemplars,  are  beautifully 
lucid,  and  devoid  of  the  eccentricities  which  tease 
us  in  much  modern  prose. 


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141 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  22,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-NO.  243. 

NOTES :— British  Provincial  Book-Trade,  1641-67,  141  — 
Hyde  Park  and  Kensington  Gardens,  142— Waterloo : 
Letter  by  Vivian,  145— Mr.  Stanley  Weyman's  •  The  Wild 
Geese '  —Thackeray's  Historical  Novels  :  Two  Errors— 
"Wale":  "Forewale":  "Afterwale" — "Sweet Lavender," 
146 — John  Murray  IL — Dr.  Johnson  :  Flora  Macdonald 
147. 

QUERIES:— Olympic  Games  in  England -Queen  Eliza- 
beth's Household -"Cadey,"  147— Tennyson  :  'The  Poet' 
— Tintagel :  its  Pronunciation— Susannah  Oakes  of  Ash- 
borne  —  Clerical  Interments  —  Charles  Skyrme  —  Henry 
Bickerton— Hyde  Hatch— Gray  of  Denne  Hill,  Kent,  148 
—Dead  Animals  exposed  on  Trees  and  Walls— Woollen 
Goods  from  France — Roberts  Family — T.  H.  Hearsey — 
Matthew  Arnold  on  Pigeons— William  Crowmer :  Watts 
Family  of  Sussex  —  "  Parthenopseus  Hereticus,"  149  — 
Simpson  Family— Spanish  Works  in  Borrow— John-a-Duck 
— Michaelmas  Day  :  its  Date — American  Notions  :  Place- 
Names  as  Possessives,  150. 

REPLIES  :— Nonconformist  Burial-Grounds,  150-Wolston 
-Comte  d'Antraigues -Proverb  on  Beating,  152— "Scara- 
mouch"—The  Old  Omnibuses— The  Double-Headed  Eagle, 
153— Rushlights— The  Swedish  Church,  St.  George's-in-the- 
East,  154— St.  Andrew's  Cross— Stuffed  Chine— Maps,  155 

—  Hove  —  Hornsey  :    Highgate  and  Arabella  Stuart  — 
"  Abracadabra"—"  The  Protector's  Head,"  Inn  Sign,  156— 
Deville— "The  Cross  "  Sign— Death  after  Lying— Paulitian 
Language,  157— Widow  Maurice,  Printer— "Pink  Saucer" 
— Ben  Jonson's  Name — "  Everglade  "  :   its  Derivation — 
Alexandrian  Library  at  Milan  —  Anonymous  Works  — 
Clergy  in  Wigs— "Making  buttons "=Fidgeting— Vivan- 
dieres,  158. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-'  The  Oxford  English  Dictionary ' 

—  Plumptre's  Translation   of    Sophocles  —  '  Henslowe's 
Diary.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


f&ttis. 

BRITISH  PROVINCIAL  BOOK-TRADE, 
1641-67. 

MB.  HENRY  R.  PLOMER  has  added  to  his 
previous  good  offices  for  bibliography  an 
excellent  piece  of  work  in  *  A  Dictionary  of 
the  Booksellers  and  Printers  who  were  at 
work  in  England  from  1641  to  1667,'  which 
has  been  issued  by  the  Bibliographical 
Society.  It  throws  some  light  upon  the 
obscure  history  of  such  printing,  publishing, 
and  bookselling  as  existed  outside  of  London 
in  the  period  with  which  it  deals.  I  have 
gone  through  it,  and  in  the  following  memo- 
randum have  indexed  the  names  of  the 
book-traders  in  the  various  towns,  of  course 
excluding  London.  The  number  of  printers, 
outside  of  the  metropolis  and  the  University 
towns,  was  very  small,  and  many  in  this 
list  are  not  printers,  but  only  retailers  of 
books.  Occasionally,  however,  the  book- 
seller is  found  to  have  established  himself 
in  a  small  and  somewhat  remote  locality. 
For  the  sake  of  completeness  I  have  indexed 
the  Scotch  and  Irish  towns,  though  it  is 


not  entirely  accurate  to  speak  of  Edinburgh 

and   Dublin   in   connexion  with   provincial 

bookselling. 

ABERDEEN.— Brown  (James),  1650-61. 

Forbes  (John),  1656-1704. 

Melvil  (David),  1622-43. 

Raban  (Edward),  1622-49. 

Straughan  (David  ?  pseud.),  1659. 
AYLESBURY.— Dagnall  (Stephen),  1650-51. 
BIRMINGHAM.— Simmons  (Thomas),  1652. 
BRISTOL.— Ballard  (William),  1651-3. 

Harsell  (Richard),  1643. 

Moone  or  Moon  (Richard),  1661-3. 

Moore  (Susanna),  1667. 

Teage,  1662-3. 

Thomas  (Michael),  1664-7. 

Wall  (Thomas),  1660. 
CAMBRIDGE. — Armstrong  (William  ?),  1647. 

Buck  (John),  1625-68. 

Buck  (Thomas),  1625-70. 

Field  (John),  1655-68. 

Graves  (William),  1631-(?)  65. 

Ireland  (Richard),  1634-52. 

Legate  (John),  1588-1620  (father  and  son) 

Milleson  (John),  1642. 

Morden  (William),  1652-79. 

Nealand  (William),  1655-60. 

Nicholson  (Anthony),  1648-52. 

Nicholson  (Robert),  1662-73. 

Ridley  (Benjamin),  1647. 

Smith  (Nathaniel),  1647. 

Story  (Edward),  1653-74. 
CANTERBURY. — Fenner,  1663. 
CARLISLE.— Scott  (Richard),  1656-9. 
CHESTER.— Bod  veil  or  Bodiell  (Peter),  1664-70. 

Minshew  or  Minshall  (William),  1655. 

Thorpe  (William),  1664. 
COLCHESTER.— Hall  (William),  1663. 

Warwick  (William),  ?  1663. 
CORK.— Pienne  (Peter  de),  1644-54. 

Smith  (William),  1657-90. 
DORCHESTER.— Churchill  (William),  1659-88. 
DOVER.— Barley  (Richard),  1654. 

York  (Simon),  1654. 
DUBLIN.— Dancer  (Samuel),  1662-8. 

Hughes  (Robert),  1648-51. 

Leach  (John),  1666. 

DURHAM.— Hutchinson  (William),  1655. 
EDINBURGH.— Anderson  (Andrew),  1653-7,  1661-76. 

Anderson  (George),  1637-8. 

Heirs  of,  1649-53. 

Brown  or  Broun  (Robert),  1649-85. 

Bryson  (Robert),  1637-45. 

Heirs  of,  1640. 

Bryson  (R.  and  J.),  1641. 

Crombie  (Robert),  1645. 

Glen  (James),  1656-87. 

Gray  (James),  1647. 

Harrower  (James),  1600(?)-54. 

Hart  (Samuel),  1621-43. 

Hart  (Widow),  1621-42. 

Hill  (John),  1652. 

Lawson  (Thomas),  1645. 

Lindesay  (James),  1643-9. 

Lithgow  (Gideon),  1645-62. 

Miller  (James),  1665-72. 

Mond  (Duncan),  c.  1650. 

Paterson  (William),  1662. 

Raban  (Edward),  1620. 

Ramsay  (Patrick),  c.  1660-80. 

Swintoun  (George),  1649-67. 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  IMS. 


EDINBURGH. — Threiplbnd  (John),  1639-45. 

Trench  (David),  1662-71. 

Tyler  (Evan),  1633-50. 

Veridicus  (Th.),  1650. 

Wilson  (Andro),  1641-54. 

Wilson  (Patrick),  1643. 

Young  (Robert),  1632-8. 
EXETER.— Brocas  (Abisha),  1655-74. 

Hunt  (Thomas),  1640-48. 
GLASGOW. — Anderson  (Andrew),  1657-61. 

Anderson  (George),  1638-48. 

Heirs  of,  1648. 

Falconer  (John),  1659-62. 

Morison  (John),  1659-62. 

Neill  (John),  1642-5. 

Paterson  (Michael),  1662. 

Sanders  (James),  1625-42. 

Sanders  (Robert),  1661-96. 

Sandersonne  (Robert),  1654. 
GLOUCESTER.— Jordan  (Tobias),  1644-64. 
IPSWICH.— Weekly  (William),  1657-9. 
KENDAL.— Harrison  (Miles),  1660. 
KIDDERMINSTER.— Simmons  (Nevill),  1655-81. 
KILKENNY.— Bourke  (Thomas),  1643-8. 

Smith  (William),  1649. 
LEICESTER.— Lincoln  (Stephen),  1663. 

Ward  (Francis),  1661-3. 
LEITH.— Tyler  (Evan),  1651-2. 
MANCHESTER.— Hayward  (Bernard),  1643. 

Shelmerdine  (Ralph),  1661-3. 

Smith  (Thomas),  1643-9. 

[MARKET]  HARBOROUGH.— Tomson  (Will),  1655. 
NEWCASTLE  -  UPON -TYNE.—Bulkley,    Bulkeley,   or 
Buckley  (Stephen),  1646-52,  1659-62. 

London  (William),  1653-60. 

NORWICH.— Franklin  or  Francklin  (William),  1646- 
1655. 

Martin  (Edward),  1646. 

Oliver  (William),  1663. 
NOTTINGHAM.— Barker  (Christopher),  1643,  Royalist 

travelling  press. 
OXFORD.— Adams  (John),  1610-71  (?). 

Benington  (Edward),  1647. 

Blagrave  (Robert),  1656-62. 

Bowman  (Francis),  1634-40. 

Bowman  (Thomas),  1664. 

Cripps  (Henry),  1620-40. 

Curteyne  (Alice),  1651. 

Curteyne  (Amos),  1665. 

Curteyn  (Henry),  1625-51. 

Forrest  (John),  1660-69. 

Godwin  or  Goodwin  (Joseph),  1637-67. 

Hall  (Henry),  1642-79  (?). 

Hall  (William),  1656-72. 

Harris  (John),  1647,  Royalist  travelling  press. 

Hills  (Henry),  1647. 

Lichfield  or  Litchfield  (Leonard),  1635-57- 

Lichtield  (Leonard),  junr.,  1657. 

Lichfield  (Anne),  1657. 

Oxlad  (Francis),  1667. 

Pocock  (Samuel),  1662. 

Royston  (Richard),  1629-86. 

Thorn  (Edmund),  1652-63. 

Turner  (William  ,  1624-43. 

Webb  (William),  1629-52. 

West  (G.),  c.  1650-95. 

Wilmot  (John),  1637-65. 

Young  (Robert),  1640. 
ST.  ANDREWS.—  Dradoun  (George),  1654. 

Drennane  (John),  1645. 

Raban  (Edward),  1620-22. 
SALISBURY.— Courtney  (John),  1650-64. 


SHREWSBURY.— Barker  (Christopher),  1643,  Royalist 
travelling  press. 

Watkis,  1663. 

STAFFORD.— Felton  (John),  1658. 
STOURBRIDGE—  Malpas  (Joan),  1661. 
TAUNTON.— Rosseter  (Edward),  1658. 

Treagle  (George),  1646-53. 
TOTNES.— Teage,  1662-3. 
WARRINGTON.— Tonge  (John),  1653. 
WATERFORD.— Bourke  (Thomas),  1643-8. 

Pienne  (Peter  de),  1652. 

WINCHCOMBE,  GLOUCESTERSHIRE.— Hyett  (Natha- 
niel), 1653. 

WINCHESTER.— Taylor  or  Tay lour  (William),  1663. 
WORCESTER.— Ash  (Francis),  1644-51. 

Jones  (    ?    ),  1663. 

Rea  (Francis),  1651-63. 
YARMOUTH.— Tutchein  (Robert),  1661. 
YORK.— Barker  (Christopher),  1643,  Royalist  travel- 
ling press. 

Brocklebank  (Ralph),  1647. 

Bulklev,     Bulkeley,     or     Buckley    (Stephen). 
1642-6,1662-80.    ' 

Coupleston  (Richard),  1661. 

Foster  (Mark),  1642. 

Foster  (Richard),  1659. 

Lambert  (Richard),  1660-8. 

Mawborne  or  Mawburne  (Francis),  1662-6. 

Rowlandson  (Thomas),  1664. 

Wayte  (Thomas),  1653-95. 

The  materials  are  gradually  accumulating 
for  a  history  of  the  book-trade  in  this- 
country,  and  when  it  is  written  not  the  least 
interesting  sections  will  be  those  devoted 
to  the  spread  of  literature  and  the  rise  of 
typography  in  Birmingham,  Manchester, 
&c.,  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries.  WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 


HYDE  PARK  AND  KENSINGTON 
GARDENS. 

(Concluded  from  p.  43.) 

SIB  HENEAGE  FINCH,  Bt.,  the  Solicitor- 
General,  who  had  been  enabled  by  grant  of 
Charles  II.  to  annex  to  his  property  the 
old  boundary  ditch  of  Hyde  Park,  and  a 
narrow  slip  of  the  Park  alongside,  was  the 
second  of  his  family  seated  here,  he  having; 
bought  the  place  from  his  younger  brother, 
Sir  John  Finch,  M.D.*  He  obliterated  the- 
old  ditch,  and  newly  defined  his  land  by 
building  a  brick  wall  eight  feet  high.  This 
is  learnt  from  another  grant,  two  years  later 
(1664),  to  James  Hamilton,  the  Park  Ranger, 
and  John  Birch,  Auditor  of  Excise,  of  a  large- 
piece  of  the  Park,  fifty  acres  more  or  less,, 
for  the  making  of  an  orchard.  The  ground 


*  Faulkner,  'Kensington,'  p.  330,  and  'D.N.B/ 
How  acquired  by  Sir  John  is  not  learnt.  Faulkner 
(p.  407)  names  as  previous  owners  or  occupiers  Sir 
Henry  Rich,  Sir  William  (?  Walter)  Cope,  and 
Sir  George  Coppin. 


io  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


143 


was  "  at  the  further  end  of  the  said  Park, 
extending  from  Kensington  highway  to 
Uxbridge  way,"  and  it  was  "  bounded  on 
the  west  by  the  landof  Sir  Heneage  Finch." 
Further,  the  orchard  was  to  be  enclosed, 
"  where  not  already  enclosed  with  the  late 
wall  made  by  Sir  Heneage  Finch,"  by  a  brick 
wall  eight  feet  high  above  the  ground,  which 
it  may  fairly  be  assumed  was  the  height  of 
the  Finch  wall  ;*  it  was  taken  down,  I  think, 
by  George  I. 

In  1689  the  delicate  Dutch  King,  Wil- 
liam III.,  seeking  purer  air  and  better  rest 
than  was  to  be  had  at  Whitehall,  bought 
the  Finch  mansion  and  the  land  pertaining 
from  Daniel  Finch,  second  Earl  of  Notting- 
ham, son  of  the  first  Earl,  the  above  Sir 
Heneage.  As  the  purchase  papers  are  not 
found,  we  are  ignorant  of  the  particulars. 
The  land  probably  included  the  50  acres 
above  calculated,  and  the  whole  "  quadri- 
lateral "  of  67  acres  appears  to  have  been 
afterwards  gradually  acquired  by  the  King 
or  by  Queen  Anne.  The  old  house  was 
then  transformed,  and  how  much  of  it  was 
left  on  the  north  side  is  now  difficult  to 
trace.  Adjoining  the  lower  portion  (old,  or 
in  harmony  with  the  old  building)  of  the 
south  front  rose,  under  the  hands  of  Wren, 
a  singularly  disproportionate  but  stately 
building,  destined  to  contain  royal  galleries 
and  apartments.  And  besides  extensive 
building,  much  was  done  in  the  way  of 
gardening,  for  both  William  and  Mary  loved 
the  pursuit.  In  the  first  edition  of  Kip's 
engraving,  though  the  picture  was  made  in 
Queen  Anne's,  time,  is  probably  seen  the 
southern  expanse  as  laid  out  in  the  King's 
Dutch  style,  f 

Queen  Anne  is  also  credited  with  the 
love  of  gardening,  and  under  the  guidance 
of  the  famous  Mr.  Wise  did  much  both  at 
Kensington  and  Windsor.  Indeed,  garden- 
ing was  the  rage  then  and  during  the  cen- 
tury; and  as  gardeners  differed  like  other 
professionals,  we  find  in  the  later  edition 
of  the  engraving  above  mentioned  that  the 
gardens  in  front  of  the  Palace  had  beer 
considerably  altered ;  the  Dutch  design 
"  stuffed  thick  with  box  "  (Switzer),  had  been 
exterminated  by  Wise,  whose  superior 
achievement  was  destined  to  be  swept  awaj 
by  Bridgeman,  under  Queen  Caroline 
Bowack  (1705)  on  Queen  Anne's  gardens  if 


*  See  State  Papers,  Domestic,  23  April,  1664,  and 
Patent  Rolls,  12  April,  1666.   At  the  latter  date  th 
grant  was  renewed  in  almost  similar  terms,  but  th 
orchard  scheme  does  not  seem  to  have  been  carriec 
out. 

t  Brit.  Mus.  K.  xxviii.  10,  d.  2  and  e.  1. 


>ften  quoted,  though  mainly  as  evidence 
o  their  small  extent.  He  admires  "  the 
loble  collection  of  foreign  plants,  and  the 
fine  neat  greens  which  make  it  pleasant  all 
,he  year  "  ;  and  he  is  charmed  with  the 
rugal  disposal  of  the  space,  "  the  whole, 
vith  the  house,  not  be^ng  above  26  acres." 
That  area,  however,  seems  to  refer  only  to 
:he  pleasure-grounds  close  to  the  house, 
'or  he  then  adds  :  "  Her  Majesty  has  been 
pleased  lately  to  plant  near  30  acres  more 
towards  the  north,  separated  from  the  rest 
)y  a  stately  greenhouse,  not  yet  finished," 
an  interesting  reference  to  Wren's  handsome 
greenhouse  or  orangery.  The  Queen  and 
Mr.  Wise  in  the  north  ground  got  among 
;he  old  gravel-pits,  and  worked  wonders 
in  the  contrivance  of  woody  "  wildernesses," 
and  especially  in  the  transformation  of  a 
great  gravel-pit — too  large  to  be  obliterated 
3y  filling  up — into  a  spacious  sunken 
pleasance.  This,  in  its  day  quite  a  famous 
achievement,  even  won  the  admiration  of 
the  sedate  and  polished  Mr.  Joseph  Addison, 
expressed  in  The  Spectator,  No.  477.* 

But  Queen  Anne  did  not  restrict  her 
operations  to  the  space  which  King  William 
had  bought.  She  crossed  the  wall  built  by 
Sir  Heneage  Finch,  and  took  from  Hyde 
Park  a  large  piece  of  ground  to  form  a  pad- 
dock for  "  fine  deer  from  Windsor  and  ante- 
lopes." "  The  Paddock,"  at  first  perhaps 
a  comparatively  small  enclosure,  seems  to 
have  become  the  name  for  the  whole  exten- 
sion of  ground  down  to  the  West  Bourne, 
which  stream,  when  dammed  up,  widened, 
and  shaped,  was  called  "  the  Canal."  It  is 
evident  from  Kip's  engraving  that  the  Broad 
Walk  was  made  by  the  Queen,  but  from  the 
accounts  which  exist  the  full  extent  of  the 
work  done  cannot  be  clearly  gathered  ;  the 
Canal,  however,  has  mention.  And  the 
fact  is  clear  that  if  encroachment  were  made 
on  Hyde  Park,  it  as  well  as  the  Palace 
Gardens  being  royal  property,  Queen  Anne 
was  the  first  sovereign  to  encroach.  A 
Report  of  1713  in  the  Treasury  Papers  stated 
that  "  the  Paddock  joining  to  the  Gardens 
was  taken  from  Hyde  Park  in  1705  "  ;  and 
in  the  same  year  the  Ranger  claimed  com- 

?ensation    for    loss    of    herbage    of    "  near 
00  acres  of  ground  enclosed  from  the  Park 
by  Kensington." 

It   is   curious   that   George   I.,    the   chief 


appropriator  of  Hyde  Park  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  his  Kensington  Palace  domain, 
should  generally  have  escaped  the  indict- 


*  The  outline  of  the  converted  gravel-pit  is  yet 
easily  traced  in  the  pasture-field  beyond  the  present 
west  limit  of  Kensington  Gardens. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  im. 


merit.  Faulkner  'omits  reference  to  the 
part  taken  in  the  work  by  the  first  king 
from  Hanover ;  and  although  Dr.  Doran 
in  1877  referred  to  it,  and  the  consequent 
public  outcry  ('  London  in  Jacobite  Times,' 
ii.  14),  it  has  remained  unnoticed.  It  ap- 
pears that  the  King,  having  finished  the 
eastern  addition  to  the  Palace,  turned  his 
attention  to  his  gardens.  We  find  from 
the  Surveyor's  estimate  of  5  May,  1726, 
that  "  His  Majesty  had  ordered  the  Paddock 
in  Hyde  Park  to  be  inclosed  with  a  brick 
wall  nine  feet  high,"  and  we  have  a  lengthy 
statement  of  "  the  new  works  in  the  Paddock 
in  Hyde  Park"  executed  between  Septem- 
ber, 1726,  and  June,  1727  (Treasury  Papers). 
The  first  item  in  this  account  is  the  taking 
down  of  old  brickwork  in  the  Paddock, 
probably  the  Finch  wall,  with  perhaps  others 
built  by  Queen  Anne  ;  and  that  the  new 
wall,  above  referred  to,  was  intended  to 
complete  the  enclosure  of  the  area  now 
covered  by  the  Gardens,  may  be  seen  in  a 
'  Plan  of  Hyde  Park  as  it  was  in  1725  '  in 
the  Grace  Collection.  Here  "  His  Majesties 
New  Gardens "  come  down  to  the  Canal 
(now  the  Long  Water),  and  the  fence  crosses 
the  dam  (where  is  now  the  bridge)  on  to 
Buck  Barn  Hill.  The  statement  mentioned 
above  tells  us  a  good  deal  about  the  work 
and  its  cost,  but  does  not  locate  it  so  clearly 
as  we  desire.  There  is  the  excavation  of  the 
Great  Basin  (now  called  the  Round  Pond), 
and  the  making  of  the  Canal  was  a  heavy 
work.  Trees  and  their  planting  form  a  very 
interesting  subject  :  22,000  of  all  kinds 
may  be  reckoned  in  the  account.  Elm, 
oak,  chestnut  (of  both  kinds),  walnut, 
beech,  lime,  evergreen  oak,  almond,  fir, 
and  lesser  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  were 
in  abundance.  George  I.  died  before  the 
completion  of  the  Gardens,  and  the  work 
was  continued  into  the  reign  of  his  successor. 
The  amount  of  the  statement  was  25,856Z., 
the  main  portion  of  which  was  for  work 
"  pursuant  to  orders  of  his  late  Majesty 
King  George  I.,"  and  but  1,203Z.  pursuant 
to  orders  of  King  George  II. 

The  Plan  of  1725  above  noticed  does  not 
show  the  completed  enclosure  of  the  Gardens 
upon  Buck  Barn  Hill,  their  north-eastern 
limit,  probably  because  not  there  finished ; 
but  perhaps  the  space  was  wanted  for 
the  title  of  the  plan.  In  the  remaining 
two  years  of  George  I.  the  ha-ha  fence,  the 
surprising  invention  of  Bridgeman — a  wall 
perhaps  nine  feet  high,  of  which  the  coped 
top  only  was  seen  above  the  ground 
surface,  the  remainder  forming  one  side 
of  a  deep  fosse  beyond — may  have  been 


built ;  but  more  probably — as  Faulkner 
shows — it  should  be  attributed  to  the 
gardening  period  of  Queen  Caroline,  the 
able  consort  of  George  II.  This  Queen 
found  the  whole  extent  of  the  Gardens  in 
an  incompleted  state,  and  from  the  accounts 
preserved  it  seems  that  the  completion  occu- 
pied at  least  four  years  of  George's  reign.  As 
to  the  area  taken  from  Hyde  Park,  however, 
I  think  the  full  encroachment  had  been 
rounded  off  by  his  father.  Caroline  never- 
theless had  a  fine  field  for  invention  and 
disposal,  with  the  ability  of  Bridgeman 
at  her  service.  The  maze  of  flower-beds 
on  the  south  front  of  the  Palace,  which  had 
been  the  delight  of  poor  Queen  Anne,  was 
swept  away  by  Caroline.  Greater  import- 
ance seems  then  to  have  been  given  to  the 
Broad  Walk  by  doubling  the  ranks  of  elms. 
Thames  water  was  brought  to  the  Great 
Basin,  first  filled  in  the  midsummer  of  1728  ; 
and  the  "  Queen's  Temple,"  designed  by 
Kent,  was  made  to  overlook  the  Serpentine.* 
These  thirty  acres  of  water,  joining  the 
Long  Water  of  ten  acres,  and  made  where 
the  West  Bourne  had  wandered  through  a 
marsh,  formed  the  Queen's  chief  achieve- 
ment, quite  apart  from  the  Gardens.  And 
her  Majesty,  though  acquitted  in  the  matter 
of  the  Park  aggression,  had  her  own  imperial 
conception  of  projects  and  expenditure. 
Not  only  Kensington  Gardens,  but  the  entire 
remainder  of  Hyde  Park,  were  to  form  the 
exclusive  pleasure  domain  of  a  new  palace 
to  rise  at  its  centre  (Read's  Weekly  Journal, 
26  Sept.,  1730 ;  The  Old  Whig,  26  June, 
1735).  The  Queen,  however,  had  the  dis- 
cretion which  prevented  too  great  an  ad- 
vance ;  she  listened  to  the  warning  of  her 
minister,  whose  reply,  on  an  occasion  when 
he  was  consulted  as  to  cost,  was  :  "  Madam, 
it  might  cost  three  crowns "  (Dr.  Doran, 
'  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England  of  the 
House  of  Hanover,'  1875,  i.  380). 

On  completion  of  the  Gardens  an  accurate 
survey  was  made  of  the  entire  royal  domain. 
The  plan  existsf  ;  it  is  without  date,  but 
from  its  features  I  gather  that  it  preceded 
by  a  few  years  Rocque's  better-known 
plan  of  1736.  Every  parcel  is  numbered, 
and  its  advantage  over  Rocque's  plan  is 
the  accompaniment  of  a  table  giving  the 
name  or  disposal  of  each  parcel  (in  this  a 
very  interesting  record),  and1  its  area.  The 
total  area  is  297a.  2r.  38p.,  say  297*75  acres. 
Now,  it  has  been  shown  that  Hyde  Park, 


*  The    Temple   yet  exists,  transformed   into 
gardener's  lodge. 
t  Brit.  Mus.  K.  xxviii.  10,  d.  1. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


which  formerly  contained  621-83  acres, 
and  has  to-day  but  about  368  acres,  has  lost 
about  253  acres,  these  lost  acres  having 
certainly  been  transferred  to  Kensington 
Gardens.  Of  the  253,  about  22  represent 
the  long  triangular  slip  taken  in  1872  to 
enclose  the  Albert  Memorial,  and  to  form  an 
entrance  to  the  Gardens  at  the  Alexandra 
Gate  of  the  Park.  Thus  of  the  above 
297-75  acres  of  the  Palace  domain  (c.  1728), 
231  acres  had  then  been  taken  from  Hyde 
Park,  and  the  remainder,  66 '75  acres,  may 
fairly  be  considered  as  the  original  area  of 
the  Palace  estate.  That  area,  it  will  be 
observed,  coincides  with  my  calculated  area 
of  the  estate  as  comprised  in  the  "  quadri- 
lateral "  portion  of  land  containing  the 
Palace,  viz.,  67  acres*  and  I  think  it  may 
be  allowed  that  this  coincidence  of  figures 
supports  my  conclusion,  which,  to  resume, 
is  :  That  Hyde  Park  reached  so  near  to 
Kensington  Palace  as  to  be  within  a  few 
yards  of  the  east  end  of  the  Orangery  until 
the  sovereigns  diminished  it  by  extending 
their  gardens  ;  whereby  it  comes  about  that 
Kensington  Gardens,  as  we  have  them, 
consist,  for  the  most  part,  of  ground  taken 
from  Hyde  Park,  and  not  of  any  other 
pre-existing  domain  or  park. 

W.  L.  RUTTON. 


WATERLOO  :   LETTER  BY  VIVIAN. 

NEAR  Bodmin  Road  Station  stands  the 
stately  mansion  of  Glynn,  the  residence  of 
the  old  Cornish  family  of  Vivian.  Sir 
Hussey  Vivian,  grandfather  to  the  present 
owner,  was  in  Bonaparte's  days  reputed  to 
be  one  of  the  foremost  cavalry  leaders  in 
Europe.  He  is  immortalized  by  Henry 
Sewell  Stokes  in  the  lines  : — 

One  greater  still,  whose  star  grew  dim, 
Saw  through  the  battle's  lurid  glare 
How  Vivian,  when  the  trumpet  blew, 
Led  the  last  charge  at  Waterloo. 

A  copy  of  a  letter  written  by  this  gallant 
soldier  a  few  days  after  the  battle,  addressed 
to  his  old  Cornish  friend  Mr.  W.  Pendarves, 
appeared  in  The  Western  Morning  News 
for  19  June  last.  As  I  understand  it  has 
not  been  published  before,  it  may  be  worth 
preservation  in  the  columns  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
It  reads  as  follows  :— 

MY  DEAR  EDWARD, — I  did  not  write  you,  not 
because  I  had  no  time,  but  because  I  had  nothing 


*  Of  the  "  quadrilateral,"  about  30  acres  were, 
by  an  Act  of  1841,  severed  to  be  let  on  lease  for 
building  "  Kensington  Palace  Gardens,"  &c.  About 
seven  acres  of  the  severed  portion  remain  in  the 
field  noticed  as  exhibiting  traces  of  Queen  Anne's 
gravel-pit  garden. 


to  write  about,  for,  in  truth,  the  six  weeks  prior  to 
our  friend  Napoleon's  beating  up  our  quarters  were 
passed  in  indolence  and  ease.  Not  so  the  last  eight 
days-  they  afforded  plenty  to  write  about,  and  but 
ittle  time  to  write  in. 

If  you  were  in  Cornwall,  I  should  refer  you  to  a 
etter  which  my  father  will  receive  for  a  full,  true 
that  is,  not  many  lies  in  it)u  and  particular  account 
of  the  battle  of  the  18th,  and  the  affairs  which  pre- 
ceded it.  As  it  is,  I  will  as  shortly  as  possible 
relate  them. 

We  had  heard  prior  to  the  15th  that  Bonaparte 
had  been  collecting  his  men  near  Mauberge,  and 
was  himself  about  to  leave  Paris  to  attack  us,  and 
Lord  Wellington  had  felt  persuaded  he  would  do 
so  ;  but  what  reason  he  had  to  change  his  opinion  I 
know  not,  but  certain  it  is  that  on  the  16th,  at  a 
ball  at  the  Duchess  of  Richmond's,  we  were  all 
surprised  to  find  that  the  French  were  pressing  on 
in  great  force  upon  Birche  and  Nivelles.  We  all 
[eft  the  ball  and  returned  to  our  quarters,  and  the 
Following  morning  at  five  o'clock  marched  upon 
Enghien,  Braine  le  Comte,  and  Nivelles,  from  thence 
to  Quatre  Bras,  where  we  came  too  late  to  join  in 
a  very  severe  affair,  in  which  a  very  small  part  of 
our  army  had  been  engaged,  for,  to  tell  the  honest 
truth,  our  great  general  had  committed  a  sad 
blunder  in  riot  having  before  collected  hisforce.  On 
the  17th,  owing  to  the  Prussians  having  been  beaten 
on  our  left  and  retreated,  we  were  obliged  to  do 
the  same  to  Mont  St.  Jean,  near  Waterloo,  where 
we  occupied  a  position,  and  no  very  strong  one 
either.  Our  retreat  was  considerably  pressed  by  the 
enemy's  cavalry,  who  gave  us  a  pretty  good  specimen 
of  their  boldness ;  they  played  the  d— 1  with  my 
old  regiment,  the  7th,  which  is  not  in  my  brigade. 
They  did  not  press  me  much.  I  covered  the  retreat 
of  the  left  column.  We  had  the  most  tremendous 
rain  I  ever  beheld,  and  were  soaked  to  the  skin, 
without  anything  to  change,  and  the  canopy  of 
heaven  for  our  covering ;  no  very  comfortable  com- 
mencement of  a  campaign  which  was  to  take  us 
almost  without  a  blow  to  Paris.  On  the  morning 
of  the  18th,  about  eleven  o'clock,  our  advanced 
posts  were  driven  in,  and  we  saw  the  enemy's 
column  advancing  to  attack  us. 

The  firing  soon  began,  and  about  one  o'clock  one 
of  the  most  desperate  attacks  I  ever  witnessed  was 
made  on  the  centre  and  left  centre  of  our  line ;  this 
was  defeated,  and  repeated  twice,  the  armies  con- 
stantly mixed  actually  with  each  other,  and  the 
French  always  covering  each  attack  by  the  most 
tremendous  cannonade  you  can  possibly  imagine. 
With  respect  to  the  particular  situation  in  which 
my  brigade  was  placed,  it  did  not  suffer  much  until 
towards  the  last  attack  ;  the  ground  on  the  left  did 
not  admit  of  the  cavalry  advancing,  and  I,  being  on 
the  left  of  all,  consequently  suffered  only  from  the 
cannonade.  About  six  o'clock,  however,  I  learnt 
that  the  cavalry  in  the  centre  had  suffered  dread- 
fully, and  the  Prussians  about  that  time  having 
formed  to  my  left,  I  took  upon  myself  to  move  off 
from  our  left,  and  halted  directly  to  the  centre  of 
our  line,  where  I  arrived  most  opportunely  at  the 
instant  that  Bonaparte  was  making  his  last  and 
most  desperate  effort.  And  never  did  I  witness 
anything  so  terrific :  the  ground  actually  covered 
with  dead  and  dying,  cannon  shot  and  shells  flying 
thicker  than  I  ever  heard  musquetry,  and  our 
troops  some  of  them  giving,  away  [sic]. 

In  this  state  of  affairs  I  wheeled  my  brigade  into 
lina  close  (within  ten  yards)  in  the  rear  of  our 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  im. 


infantry,  and  prepared  to  charge  the  instant  they 
had  retreated  through  my  intervals  (the  three 
squadron  officers  were  wounded  at  this  instant). 
This,  however,  gave  them  confidence,  and  the 
brigades  that  were  literally  running  away  halted 
on  our  cheering  them  and  again  began  firing.  The 
enemy  on  their  part  began  to  waver.  The  Duke 
observed  it,  and  ordered  the  infantry  to  advance. 
I  immediately  wheeled  the  brigade  by  half-squad- 
rons to  the  right  and  in  column  over  the  dead  and 
dying,  trotted  round  the  right  of  our  infantry, 
passed  the  French  infantry,  and  formed  lines  of 
regiments  on  the  first  half-squadrons.  With  the 
10th  I  charged  a  body  of  French  Cuirassiers  and 
Lancers  infinitely  superior  to  them,  and  completely 
routed  them.  I  then  went  to  the  18th,  and  charged 
a  second  body  that  was  supporting  a  square  of 
Imperial  Guards,  and  the  18th  not  only  defeated 
them,  but  took  14  pieces  of  cannon  that  had  been 
firing  grape  at  us  during  our  movement.  I  then, 
with  the  10th,  having  reformed  them,  charged  a 
square  of  infantry,  Imperial  Guards,  the  men  of 
which  we  cut  down  in  the  ranks,  and  here  the  last 
shot  was  fired — from  this  moment  all  was  deroute. 
Whether  the  Duke  will  do  my  brigade  justice  or 
riot  I  know  not ;  but  Bonaparte  has  given  them 
their  due  in  his  account.  We  are  the  cavalry  that 
he  alludes  to  when  at  the  end  he  says  ("  at  eight 
o'clock,"  &c.) ;  and  the  colonel  of  the  3rd  Chasseurs, 
who  lodged  the  night  before  last  in  the  house  I 
occupied  last  night,  told  the  proprietor  "that  two 
regiments  of  British  Hussars  decided  the  affair." 
The  3rd  Regiment  1st  Hussars  I  kept  in  reserve. 

Of  course  our  loss  was  severe  ;  all  those  returned 
missing  are  since  ascertained  to  have  been  killed. 
I  never  saw  such  a  day,  nor  any  one  else.  I  expect 
and  hope  that  every  soldier  will  wear  a  medal  with 
"  Mont  St.  Jean  "  on  it.  I  would  rather  do  so  than 
be  adorned  by  the  brightest  star  that  any  potentate 
could  bestow  on  me. 

My  best  regards  to  Mrs.  S. — Yours  most  trulv, 

R.  H.  V. 

1st  P.S. — Havre,  26th  June,  on  the  road  to  Paris. 

2nd  P. S.— 28th  June,  near  Pont  St.  Maxance.  All 
well. 

(The  last  P.S.  outside  the  envelope.) 

Outside  : — To  Wynne  Pendarves,  Esqre., 

No.  11,  Queen  Anne-street,  London. 
R.  H.  V. 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 


MR.  STANLEY  WEYMAN'S  *  THE  WILD 
GEESE.' — In  his  latest  novel,  '  The  Wild 
Geese,'  Mr.  Stanley  Weyman  introduces  a 
character  called  O' Sullivan  Og.  On  p.  12 
we  are  told  :  "  The  girl  vented  her  anger 
on  Og."  Mr.  Weyman  appears  to  use  Og 
as  a  surname,  whereas  it  only  means 
"  junior,"  and  therefore  cannot  be  detached 
from  the  name  to  which  it  belongs.  This 
error  should  be  corrected  in  the  next  edition. 
The  passage  should  read  :  "  The  girl  vented 
her  anger  on  O' Sullivan."  Og  is  a  very  com- 
mon suffix  to  Irish  names.  The  o,  by  the 
way,  is  pronounced  long,  hence  some  write 
Ogue  and  others  Oge.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun« 


THACKERAY'S  HISTORICAL  NOVELS  :  Two 
ERRORS. — 1.  '  The  History  of  Henry  Es- 
mond,' Book  III.  chap.  iv.  : — 

"  And  she  spread  out  her  beautiful  arms,  as  if 
indeed  she  could  fly  off  like  the  pretty  'Gowrie,' 
whom  the  man  in  the  story  is  enamoured  of.  *  And 
what  will  your  Peter  Wilkins  say  to  your  flight  ? '  " 
The  events  and  conversation  take  place 
before  1714.  Paltock's  story  of  '  Peter 
Wilkins  '  appeared  in  1751. 

2.  'The  Warringtons,'  vol.  ii.  chap,  iv., 
George  Warrington's  narrative  of  his  escape 
from  captivity  : — 

"  Now  the  leaves  were  beginning  to  be  tinted 

with  the  magnificent  hues  of  our  autumn As  we 

advanced  the  woods  became  redder  and  redder. 

The  frost  nipped  sharply  of  nights At  this  time 

of  year  the  hunters  who  live  in  the  mountains  get 
their  sugar  from  the  maples." 

Any  one  dwelling  in  the  United  States  or  in 
Canada  is  aware  that  early  spring  (March) 
is  the  maple-sugar  season.  No  sap  flows 
in  the  autumn.  PAUL  T.  LAFLEUR. 

McGill  University,  Montreal. 

"  WALE  "  :  "  FOREWALE  "  :  "  AFTER- 
WALE." — Some  time  ago  in  a  London 
saddler's  account  I  saw  the  item  "  new 
forewales  to  harness  collars."  On  inquiring 
what  this  meant,  I  was  told  by  one  of  the 
workmen  that  the  rolls  or  ridges  of  a  horse- 
collar  between  which  the  hames  He  are 
called  respectively  the  forewale  and  the 
afterwale,  it  being  explained  to  me  that  the 
forewale  was  so  called  because  it  was  put  on 
first  in  the  making,  and  the  afterwale  was 
put  on  later.  It  is,  however,  pretty  obvious 
that  this  explanation  is  incorrect,  and  that 
the  words  "  fore  "  and  "  after  "  are  used  of 
position,  as  in  the  nautical  sense  of  the 
words.  This  meaning  of  the  word  "  wale  " 
is  not  given  in  Webster  or  in  '  The  Century 
English  Dictionary,'  nor  is  "  forewale  "  or 
"  afterwale  "  given  in  the  '  KE.D.'  The 
word  "  wale,"  however,  is  given  in  the 
'  E.D.D.,'  as  meaning  the  "  forefront  of  a 
horse's  collar,"  from  Forby's  '  Vocabulary 
of  East  Anglia.'  The  word  "  wale "  as 
applied  to  the  rolls  of  a  horse's  collar  is  of 
course  identical  in  origin  with  the  same 
word  in  its  ordinary  significations. 

H.  A.  HARBEN. 

"  SWEET  LAVENDER." — So  much  has  been 
written  of  late  as  to  the  disappearance  of 
the  vendors  of  this  fragrant  plant  that  one 
is  glad  to  be  able  to  chronicle  quite  a 
pleasant  invasion  of  them  recently  in  the 
salubrious  suburb  of  Hampstead.  Men 
women,  and  children  perambulated  its 
streets  with  their  bunches,  chanting  the 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


while  the  melodious  refrain,  "  Buy  my  sweet 
lavender."  Supplies  were  drawn  from  a 
cart  filled  with  sheaves  enough,  it  might 
have  been  imagined,  to  scent  all  the  ward- 
robes in  the  neighbourhood.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  visitors  found,  with  depleted 
stock,  good  financial  return  for  their  efforts. 
There  was  a  "  chickweed  and  groundsel  " 
merchant  about  as  well.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

JOHN  MURRAY  II. — A  few  days  since,  I 
was  talking  to  a  lady  of  eighty-five,  who 
referred  to  David  Christie  Murray's  '  Recol- 
lections '  ;  and  I  had  the  privilege  of  dis- 
abusing her  mind  of  the  impression  that  he 
was  a  scion  of  Albemarle  Street.  She  then 
told  me  that  in  about  1838  her  mother  sent 
her  from  some  distant  part  of  London  to 
Murray's  to  buy  a  copy  of  Mrs.  Rundell's 
cookery  book.  When  she  got  there,  she 
found  she  had  forgotten  the  name  of  the 
oracle,  and  with  becoming  diffidence  con- 
fided the  fact  to  an  old  gentleman  in  knee- 
breeches  and  woollen  stockings,  who  ad- 
vanced from  somewhere  in  the  background 
to  serve  her.  She  tried  to  explain  the 
domestic  need,  and  was  greatly  relieved 
when  her  interlocutor  declared  :  "  Oh  ! 
my  child,  you  want  Mrs.  Rundell."  The 
memory  of  the  kindly  courtesy  of  Mr. 
Murray  (as  she  believes)  remains  pleasantly 
with  my  friend  to  this  day,  and  I  could  see 
that  she  had  been  much  interested  in  per- 
suading herself  that  David  Christie  Murray, 
of  whom  she  knew  nothing,  was  one  of  the 
great  publisher's  descendants. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

DR.  JOHNSON:  FLORA  MACDONALD. — In 
The  Lady's  Realm  of  October,  1897  (vol.  ii. 
p.  671),  is  an  article  called  *  The  Real  Flora 
Macdonald,'  by  Margaret  Macalister  William- 
son. Allan  Macdonald  of  Kingsburgh,  who 
married  Flora  Macdonald,  was  the  authoress's 
great-great-grand-uncle  (p.  672).  Near  the 
end  of  the  article  is  the  following  : — 

"I  shall  finish  by  giving  one  or  two  anecdotes 
culled  from  the  same  long-lived  individuals  [i.e., 
certain  grand-aunts  and  grand-uncles]. 

"When  Dr.  Johnson  made  his  tour  to  the 
Hebrides  with  Boswell  he  was  hospitably  enter- 
tained at  Corry  by  my  great-great-grandmother, 
Kingsburgh's  daughter  Anne,  who  was  first  married 
to  Macalister  of  Strathaird,  Isle  of  Skye,  and 
secondly  to  Mackinnon  of  Corry.  At  dinner  one 
day  Mrs.  Mackinnon  said  to  Dr.  Johnson, '  Sir,  how 
do  you  like  the  Scotch  broth  ? '  He  politely  replied, 
4  Madam,  it  is  fit  for  pigs.'  She  quietly  rejoined, 
'  Will  you  allow  me,  sir,  to  give  you  another  plate- 
ful ? '  This  anecdote  is  not  recorded  by  his  admirer 
Boswell. 

"  Mrs.  Mackinnon's  daughter,  Margaret  Mac- 
alister, then  a  young  bride  of  sixteen,  having 


just  married  Dr.  Macdonald  of  Gillen,  took  a  bet 
with  some  sprightly  young  ladies  that  she  would 
sit  on  Dr.  Johnson's  knee  in  the  drawing-room  and 
kiss  him.  These  young  ladies  had  dared  her  to  do 
it,  saying  he  was  too  ugly  for  any  woman  to  kiss. 
This  anecdote  in  recorded  by  Boswell." 

It  may  be  worth  adding  that  the 
authoress  says  (p.  673)  that  many  interesting 
facts  about  Flora  Macdonald,  told  by 
Colina  Nicholson,  whose  grandmother  was 
maid  to  Flora  Macdonald,  and  whose  aunt 
lived  to  be  a  hundred  and  four  years  of  age, 
"  will  appear  in  Mademoiselle  de  Bo  vet's 
forthcoming  book,  '  En  ^cosse.'  '  "  Colina 
still  [1897]  lives  in  Portree.". 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  IN  ENGLAND. — It  would 
be  interesting,  in  connexion  with  the  British 
Olympiad  just  celebrated,  to  know  some- 
thing more  of  the  sporting  event — which 
seems  to  have  been  mainly  dog-racing — 
thus  described  in  a  letter  of  30  April,  1679, 
from  Col.  Edward  Cooke  in  London  to  the 
Duke  of  Ormond,  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  in 
Dublin  :— 

"  As  for  Thursday,  I  have  little  to  say  of  State 
affairs,  the  Votes  speaking  for  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, and  the  Lords  not  sitting.  Yet  that  I  may 
not  leave  an  absolute  blank  on  that  day,  I  presume 
to  give  your  Grace  an  account  of  Hampton  Court 
Olympic,  where  the  King  honoured  the  pastimes 
with  his  presence,  and  thousands  followed  his  ex- 
ample, so  that  the  breadth  of  the  paddock  course 
was  fain  to  be  divided  with  stakes  and  ropes." — 
Historical  MSS.  Commission,  'Ormonde  MSS.,' 
New  Series,  vol.  v.  p.  75. 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

QUEEN  ELIZABETH'S  HOUSEHOLD  AND 
PRIVY  COUNCIL. — Is  there  any  existing 
record  of  the  names  of  the  officers  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Household,  with  the  dates  of 
their  appointment  ? 

I  also  wish  to  obtain  a  list  of  the  members 
of  the  Privy  Council  under  Henry  VIII., 
and  Elizabeth,  with  the  dates  when  sworn. 

F.  B. 

"  CADEY." — What  is  the  origin  of  this 
word  as  applied  to  a  hat  ?  It  duly  appears 
in  Farmer's  '  Slang  Dictionary '  with  a 
reference  to  Wai  ford's  Antiquarian.  The 
year  is  not  given,  but  on  p.  251,  vol.  xi., 
1887,  of  The  Antiquarian  Magazine,  edited 
by  the  late  Edward  Walford,  it  is  stated : 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 


"  Cadey  is  a  hat,  arid  the  derivation  entirely 
unknown."  A  foot-note  gives  a  quotation 
from  an  old  music-hall  song  : — 

Sixpence  I  gave  for  my  cadey, 
And  a  penny  I  gave  for  my  stick. 
The  date  and  title  of  this  song  would  be  a 
help.     The  word  is  in  slang  use  hereabouts, 
and  only  recently  appeared  in  print  in  The 
Birmingham  Daily  Mail.     A  friend  tells  me 
he  heard  it  commonly  in  Australia  in  1892. 
I  presume  it  emanated  from  Cockneydom. 
JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

TENNYSON  :    '  THE  POET.' — 

The  poet  in  a  golden  clime  was  born, 

With  golden  stars  above  ; 
Dower'd  with  the  hate  of  hate,  the  scorn  of  scorn, 

The  love  of  love. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  last  two  lines  ? 
I  have  heard  them  differently  interpreted 
— as  meaning  that  the  poet  hates  hate, 
scorns  scorn,  and  loves  love  ;  and  again, 
that  he  is  dowered  with  the  quintessence 
of  all  these  qualities.  C.  C.  B. 

["The  poet  hates  hate,  and  scorns  scorn.  'My 
father  denounced  hate  and  scorn  as  if  they  were 
"  the  sins  against  the  Holy  Ghost." '  ' — Lord  Tenny- 
son's note  in  the  "Eversley"  'Tennyson,'  vol.  i. 
p.  345,  which  is,  we  presume,  authoritative.] 

TlNTAGEL  :    ITS  PRONUNCIATION. 1  should 

feel  obliged  for  information  as  to  the  right 
pronunciation  of  Tintagel  in  Cornwall. 
Should  it  be  Tintagel  or  Tintagel — short  or 
long  ?  T.  H.  SHERIDAN. 

[The  meaning  of  the  name,  but  not  its  pronuncia- 
tion, was  discussed  at  8  S.  i.  434 ;  9  S.  ix.  194,  276.  j 

SUSANNAH  OAKES  OF  ASHBORNE. — I  have 
a  stipple  print  of  an  old  lady  sitting  in  a 
library,  and  underneath  is  engraved 
"  Susannah  Oakes,  keeper  of  the  Circulating 
Library  at  Ashborne  in  the  County  of 
Derby."  Is  anything  further  known  of 
Susannah  Oakes  ?  There  is  in  pencil  on  the 
print  the  date  1750.  A. 

CLERICAL  INTERMENTS.  —  I  should  be 
grateful  for  information  as  to  the  respective 
resting-places  of  the  following  Church  of 
England  clergymen  : — 

Richard  Cluet,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of 
Middlesex,  Vicar  of  Fulham,  Rector  of 
SS.  Anne  and  Agnes,  Aldersgate,  &c.  ; 
died  in  reduced  circumstances,  having  been 
ejected  from  all  his  preferments  by  the 
Parliamentary  party,  c.  1651. 

Samuel  Freeman,  S.T.P.,  Dean  of  Peter- 
borough, successively  Rector  of  SS.  Anne 
and  Agnes  and  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden, 
&c.  ;  died  14  Oct.,  1707. 


Brooke  Heckstall,  LL.B.,  Rector  of  SS. 
Anne  and  Agnes,  &c.,  previously  "  of  Bow 
Church,  Cheapside  "  ;  died  5  April,  1780. 

John  Hutchins,  M.A.,  Rector  of  SS.  Anne 
and  Agnes,  &c.  ;  "  died  abroad,"  28  Dec., 
1839.  WILLIAM  McMuRRAY. 

CHARLES  SKYRME,  a  native  of  Pembroke- 
shire, and  the  son  of  one  John  Skyrmer 
became  a  King's  scholar  at  Westminster 
School  in  1740,  aged  fourteen.  Particulars 
of  his  career  and  the  date  of  his  death  are 
wanted.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

HENRY  BICKERTON  was  admitted  a  King's 
scholar  at  Westminster  School  in  1739, 
at  the  age  of  fourteen.  He  was  a  native  of 
Shropshire,  and  his  father's  name  was  also 
Henry.  Any  information  concerning  him 
would  oblige.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

HYDE  HATCH  was  admitted  a  King's 
scholar  at  Westminster  School  in  1728,  at 
the  age  of  fourteen.  I  should  be  glad  to 
ascertain  particulars  of  his  career  and  the 
date  of  his  death.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

GRAY  or  DENNE  HILL,  KENT. — Could 
any  of  your  readers  give  me  particulars  of 
descent  of  this  family  ?  They  came  from 
Scotland,  purchased  this  estate  in  Kingston 
parish,  on  the  Dover  road,  early  in  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  and  sold  it  in  1774.  The 
first  of  Denne  Hill  was  Mr.  James  Gray, 
created  5  March,  1707,  a  Nova  Scotia 
baronet.  He  married  Hester  Dodd,  and 
had  two  sons — Sir  James  Gray,  died  unm., 
January,  1773,  and  his  younger  brother 
General  Sir  George  Gray,  died  February 
same  year.  Did  the  latter  marry  and  have 
issue  ?  If  not,  who  were  his  next  of  kin  ? 
Among  the  sons  of  Patrick,  Lord  Gray,  in 
Scotland,  who  died  in  1608,  Andrew,  the 
fifth  son,  is  specially  singled  out  as  being 
the  grandfather  of  Sir  James  Gray,  of 
Denne  Hill  in  East  Kent,  K.B.,  ambassador 
to  Spain,  &c.,  and  of  his  younger  brother, 
General  Sir  George  Gray.  That  the  latter 
were  descended  from  Andrew  Gray  I  have 
not  the  least  doubt,  but  he  (Andrew)  was 
certainly  a  little  further  removed  than 
grandfather — possibly  great  -  great  -  grand- 
father. For  clearness  the  pedigree  may  be 
stated  thus  : — Andrew  Gray  of  Bullion,  fifth 
son,  died  1603.  Andrew's  second  son  Wil- 
liam died  1661.  The  latter's  eldest  son  James- 
died  before  24  Aug.,  1694.  His  eldest  son, 
Mr.  James  Gray  of  Bullion — afterwards,  I 
think,  Sir  James  Gray  of  Denne  Hill,  parish 
of  Kingston — was  born  about  1649,  died 
before  26  June,  1744.  His  widow  (a  lady 


io  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


about  forty  years  his  junior)  survived  till 
1788,  aged  97,  and  with  her  two  sons  above 
mentioned  is,  I  understand,  buried  at  Ken- 
sington, where  there  may  be  a  memorial 
stone.  Possibly  there  is  one  at  Kingston 
also.  Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents 
will  oblige  by  inserting  a  reply  in  'N.  &  Q.' 

P.  GBAY. 
Blackness  Avenue,  Dundee. 

DEAD  ANIMALS  EXPOSED  ON  TBEES  AND 
WALLS. — It  is  well  known  that  the  Teutonic 
races,  and  as  I  believe  the  Celtic  also,  were 
in  the  habit  of  hanging  up  sacrificial  beasts 
on  trees  (Grimm,  '  Teutonic  Mythology,' 
trans.  Stallybrass,  i.  47,  77,  78).  It  is  also 
the  custom  at  the  present  day  for  game- 
keepers to  nail  up  such  creatures  as  are  held 
to  be  destructive  to  the  animals  it  is  their 
duty  to  protect.  Thus  they  gibbet  cats, 
stoats,  and  birds  of  prey  on  prominent  trees 
and  the  walls  of  buildings — stables  and 
barns  are  favourite  places.  How  old  the 
latter  custom  may  be  I  do  not  know,  but 
should  be  glad  of  references  to  it  as  existing 
in  the  eighteenth  century  or  earlier,  as  I 
think  it  not  impossible  that  it  may  have 
been  handed  down  from  the  days  of  heathen- 
ism. The  motive  gamekeepers  assign  for 
it  nowadays  is  that  the  dead  creatures  by 
their  presence  testify  to  their  masters  that 
their  work  is  being  carried  on  with  due 
vigilance. 

The  bodies  of  moles,  when  taken  out  of 
traps,  are  subjected  to  a  parallel  fate.  They 
are  hung  on  the  branches  of  the  willow. 
I  have  seen  scores  of  them  thus  exhibited  on 
the  low  lands  beside  the  Trent,  but  never, 
so  far  as  I  can  remember,  on  any  other  tree. 
EDWABD  PEACOCK. 

WOOLLEN  GOODS  FROM  FRANCE. — Was 
the  prohibition  of  the  importation  of  woollen 
goods  ever  formally  withdrawn  by  Act  of 
Parliament  ?  and,  if  so,  when  ?  By  the 
Commercial  Treaty  of  1786,  France  could 
export  here  under  a  10  per  cent  import 
duty.  That  treaty  expired  on  war  breaking 
out  in  1793.  Afterwards  prohibitive  import 
duties  were  levied  for  many  years  ;  but 
I  can  find  no  evidence  of  formal  withdrawal 
of  prohibition  against  importation. 

T.  X.  S. 

ROBERTS  FAMILY. — Information  wanted 
about  place  of  origin  and  descent  of  William 
Lewis  Roberts  (captain  2nd  Ceylon  Regiment) 
born  1771.  He  is  described  as  the  son  of 
E.  Lewis  Roberts  and  Mary  Ensor,  his  wife, 
who  belonged  to  the  Willencote  branch  of 
the  Ensor  family.  Capt.  Roberts  had 


several  brothers,  mostly  in  the  army  ; 
William  was  a  captain  in  the  R.A.  The 
family  arms  were  Per  pale  arg.  and  gu., 
a  lion  ramp.  sa.  Crest,  an  antelope's  head 
erased  per  fesse  or  and  gu.  These  are 
identical,  I  notice,  with  those  confirmed  to 
Sir  Wm.  Roberts  of  Sutton  Chainell,  Leics., 
in  1614.  Capt.  Roberts  married  Nancy 
Hamilton  Lever,  who  is  supposed  to  have 
been  descended  in  the  fourth  degree  from 
the  third  Duke  of  Hamilton,  through  Lord 
Basil  Hamilton.  Please  reply  direct. 

W.  ROBERTS  CROW. 
Fenchurch  House,  E.C. 

THOMAS  HARRY  HEARSEY  (?  1752-1812  ?). 
— He  was  in  the  service  of  some  Indian 
prince.  Any  clue  to  his  ancestors  will 
oblige.  A.  C.  H. 

MATTHEW  ARNOLD  ON  PIGEONS. — What 
is  the  meaning  of  the  following  words  in 
Arnold's  essay  on  '  The  Function  of  Criti- 
cism '  ?  Speaking  of  the  attack  on  Bishop 
Colenso,  and  the  excuse  made  for  him  that 
he  was  after  all  in  search  of  truth,  he  con- 
cludes ironically  :  "Be  silent,  therefore  ; 
or  rather,  speak,  speak  as  loud  as  ever  you 
can,  and  go  into  ecstasies  over  the  eight 
hundred  and  odd  pigeons." 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

WILLIAM  CROWMER  :  WATTS  FAMILY  or 
SUSSEX. — '  Notes  on  the  Church  of  St.  John 
Baptist,  Aldenham,'  by  K.  F.  Gibbs, 
contains  the  following  : — 

"The  most  beautiful  monuments  in  the  church 
are  the  recumbent  effigies  of  the  wife  and  daughter- 
in-law  of  William  Crowmer,  sometime  Lord  Mayor 
of  London.  The  dress  of  the  ladies  is  said  to  be  of 
the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century,  but  Crowmer 
was  not  Lord  Mayor  till  the  year  in  which  Henry  V. 

came  to  the  throne William  Crowmer  was  a 

contemporary  of   the  well-known    4  Dick '    Whit- 

tington and  Crowmer  himself  held  the  office  a 

second  time  in  1423  A.D." 

I  should  be  much  obliged  to  any  one  who 

could   tell   me   anything   of   the   family   of 

Crowmer,  and  from  what  source  to  obtain 

the  tinctures  and  the  names  of  the  bearers 

of  the  various  arms  placed  upon  the  above 

tombs. 

I  should  also  like  any  particulars  with 
regard  to  the  family  of  Watts  in  Sussex 
before  1800.  H.  WHISTLER. 

Battle,  Sussex. 

"  PARTHENOPJEUS  HERETICUS." — What  is 
known  of  this  writer,  whose  name  was 
William  Gordon,  and  who  published  a 
pamphlet,  '  Popery  against  Christianity,' 
in  1719  ?  I  am  acquainted  with  Wodrow's 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 


curious  sketch  of  nun  ('  Analecta,'  iii.  85). 
Was  he  a  "  stickit  "  priest  ?  In  the  preface 
to  his  pamphlet  he  says  he  was  educated  at 
Douai,  and  was  made  a  father  confessor 
in  1714,  while  in  Italy.  I  cannot,  however, 
recognize  him  in  Father  Forbes-Leith's 
*  Scots  Colleges.'  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

SIMPSON  OB  SIMSON  FAMILY. — Can  any 
reader  give  me  information  respecting 
William  Simpson,  Rector  of  St.  George' s- 
in-the-East,  1729  to  1764  ?  Is  there  any 
biography  of  him  ? 

Is  anything  known  of  William  Simson,  a 
cabinet-maker  of  St.  George's-in-the-East 
about  1800  ?  His  son  John  was  apprenticed 
to  John  Browning,  25,  Prince's  Square, 
Ratcliff  Highway,  in  1800,  and  obtained 
the  freedom  of  the  City  in  1815. 

(Miss)  I.  SIMSON  TUBNEB. 

Llysfaen,  Wilbraham  Road,  Chorlton-cum-Hardy 

SPANISH  WOBKS  IN  BOBBOW. — Can  any 
one  say  if  the  following,  all  quoted  by 
Borrow  in  '  The  Zincali,'  have  ever  been 
reprinted,  or,  if  not,  if  they  are  at  all  easy 
of  access  ? 

1.  Don  Juan  de  Quinones  (1632). 

2.  Martin  del  Rio,  '  Tractatus  de  Magia '  (after 

3;  J.  M.,  '  Historia  de  los  Gitanos,'  Barcelona 
(1832). 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 

JOHN-A-DUCK.  —  The  following  phrase 
occurs  in  Scott's  '  Ivanhoe,'  chap.  xxvi.  : 
"  I  am  like  John-a-Duck's  mare,  that  will 
let  no  man  mount  her  but  John-a-Duck." 
What  is  the  full  tradition  concerning 
John-a-Duck,  and  from  what  part  of  the 
country  does  the  phrase  spring  ? 

READEB, 
[Asked  at  9  S.  iii.  90,  but  without  eliciting  a  reply.] 

MICHAELMAS  DAY  :  ITS  DATE. — Blunt,  in 
'  The  Annotated  Book  of  Common  Prayer,' 
says  that  "  there  were  anciently  two  days 
dedicated  to  St.  Michael,  May  8th  and 
September  29th."  But  he  gives  no  reason 
for  the  selection  of  either  of  these  days. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  suggest  a  probable 
reason  ?  The  second  is  the  only  one  now 
observed  in  the  Western  Church  ;  but  in  the 
Eastern  8  November"  is  St.  Michael's  Day. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

AMEBICAN  NOTIONS  :  PLACE-NAMES  AS 
POSSESSIVES. — Mr.  Francis  Miltoun,  who 
has  done  numerous  books,  chiefly  about 
foreign  cathedrals,  and  whose  English 


strikes  the  mere  Englishman  as  strange, 
says  in  '  Cathedrals  and  Churches  of  the 
Rhine  '  (p.  253)  :— 

"  Tom  Hood,  a  supposed  humourist,  but  in  reality 
a  sad  soul,  wailed  over  Cologne's  cathedral  when  he 
saw  it  in  the  early  years  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
and  called  it  'a  broken  promise  to  God.' " 

There  is  evidently  much  to  be  learnt  from 
the  Americans.  I  have  always  thought 
that  Hood  was  undoubtedly  a  humourist, 
but  nobody  who  has  read  his  poems  should 
need  to  be  told,  even  once,  that  he  also 
plumbed  the  very  depths  of  sadness. 

"  Cologne's  cathedral  "  is  hard  for  English 
tongues  to  utter.  Can  anybody  tell  why 
it  has  become  so  common  for  newspapers 
to  write  about,  say,  Ipswich's  Town-Hall, 
Selby's  Abbey,  and  so  forth,  instead  of 
using  place-names  as  adjectives  after  the 
fashion  of  our  forefathers  ? 

ST.  SWITHIN. 


JUpIte*. 

NONCONFORMIST    BURIAL-GROUNDS 

AND    GRAVESTONES. 
(10  S.  ix.   188,  233,  297,  336,  434;    x.  31.) 

As  reference  has  been  made  to  Quaker 
gravestones,  perhaps  a  few  notes  concerning 
a  visit  I  paid  to  the  Friends'  Burial-Ground 
at  Barking  (the  last  resting-place  of  the 
great  prison  reformer  Mrs.  Fry)  in  April, 
1892,  may  be  of  interest. 

In  the  main  street  of  Barking,  about  five 
minutes'  walk  northwards  from  the  church, 
stands  the  little  Friends'  Meeting-House. 
A  somewhat  high  wall  separates  it  from  the 
road.  Just  opposite,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  way,  is  the  burial-ground.  It  is  almost 
square,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  brick  wall 
about  10  ft.  high.  On  the  inner  side  the 
wall  is  almost  completely  fringed  with  trees 
and  shrubs.  Admission  to  the  enclosure 
is  gained  by  a  doorway  in  the  wall.  The 
ground  is  divided  into  two  unequal  portions 
by  a  path  which  runs  westward  from  the 
entrance,  and  deviates  towards  the  south. 
About  half  the  space  has  been  used  for 
burials,  the  stones  which  mark  the  graves 
being  uniform  in  shape  and  about  2  ft.  in 
height.  They  simply  record  the  name,  year 
of  death,  and  age.  The  surface  of  the 
ground  is  quite  even,  no  mounds  being 
raised  over  the  graves.  The  inscriptions 
on  most  of  the  stones  face  the  east  ;  but 
those  referring  to  the  Buxton,  Gurney, 
and  Fry  families  are,  all  but  one,  an  excep- 
tion to  this  rule,  being  set  southwards. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


They  occupy  a  central  position  close  unde 
the    north    wall.     Taking    them    in    orde: 
from  west  to  east,  I  copied  the  inscriptions 
as  follows  : — 

1.  Samuel  Gurney,  died  1856,  aged  69. 
Elizabeth  Gurney,  died  1855,  aged  70. 

2.  Joseph  Fry,  died  1861,  aged  84. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Fry,  died  1845,  aged 
65.* 

3.  Elizabeth  Fry,  died  1844,  aged  65. 
Gurney  Reynolds,  died  1844,  aged  12. 

4.  Elizabeth  Reynolds,  died  1830,  aged  4  months. 

5.  Elizabeth  Fry,  died  1815,  aged  4f. 

6.  Susannah  Buxton,  died  1811,  aged  7  months. 

7.  Lucy  Fry,  died  1869,  aged  46. 

The  last  (No.  7)  faces  eastward. 

The  oldest  stone  in  the  enclosure  is  that 
of  Mr.  Wm.  Mead,  the  donor  of  the  ground. 
It  stands  in  a  central  position,  close  beside 
the  path,  and  is  the  only  memorial  not  of  a 
uniform  type,  being  taller  and  containing 
more  particulars  than  the  others.  It  is 
thus  inscribed  verb,  et  lit.  : — 

Here  Lyeth  ye  Body 
of  WILLIAM  MEAD 
EsQr  who  depart4 
this  Life  the  3d  day 
of  April  ANNO  D*1 
1713,  in  y-  86th  year 

of  His  Age 
And  also  MRS  SARAH  MEAD 

died  the  9th  of  June  1714 
in  her  [sic]  71st  Year  of  her  Age. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

The  Friends'  Burial-Ground  attached  to 
Drapers'  Almshouses  near  Margate,  founded 
by  Michael  Yoakley  in  1708,  has  been  used 
for  interments  since  1769.  There  are  only 
seven  memorial  stones  in  the  burial  area, 
and  they  are  flat  on  the  ground.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  them,  with  their  sizes 
in  inches  : — 

Christiana  Ivens  |  died  |  1st  month  24  |  1857  | 
Aged72.-16by24in. 

Helen  Lucy  Knight  I  aged  17  y"  I  died  I  3rd  of 
8th  mo.  1867.— 22  by  30  in. 

Thomas  Marten  |  died  1  26th  of  1st  mo.  1869  |  in 
his  21st  year.— 22  by  33  in. 

Frederick  James  Knight  |  died  |  12th  of  1st  month 
1870  |  aged  19  years.— 22  by  30  in. 

Edward  Marsh  |  died  20th  of  1st  month  1884  |  aged 
72  years.— 24  by  &3  in. 

Mary  Sholl  [  died  10th  day  of  5th  month  |  1884  | 
aged  77  years.— 24  by  33  in. 

Ellen  Marsh  |  died  |  the  20th  day  of  11th  month 
1887  |  aged  76  years.— 24  by  33  in.  ' 

W.  J.  MERCER. 


*  This  refers  to  "  Mrs.  Newgate  Fry,"  as  she  was 
affectionately  called  by  Hannah  More.  She  died  at 
Ramsgate,  12  Oct.,  1845. 

t  Mrs.  Fry's  "  little  Betsey,"  who  died  23  Nov. 
1815. 


MR.  HARRY  HEMS' s  notes  on  the  memorial 
stones  in  the  Quakers'  Cemetery,  Exeter, 
throw  new  and  interesting  light  on  the 
question  of  Nonconformist  burial-grounds, 
but  I  am  not  quite  satisfied  that  they  upset 
my  statement  that  the  Society  of  Friends 
did  not  allow  memorial  stones  until  1851. 
My  information  was  taken  from  the  manu- 
script minute-book  of  the  Dover  Preparative 
Meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  which 
covers  a  period  from  1818  to  1867  ;  and  the 
document  from  which  I  quoted  was  the 
following  report : — 

To  the  Monthly  Meeting. 

We  your  Committee  appointed  to  consider  the 
best  mode  of  carrying  into  effect  the  minute  of  the 
Yearly  Meeting  of  1850,  on  the  subject  of  grave- 
stones, would  suggest  that  parties  applying  to  the 
Monthly  Meeting  be  allowed  to  place  on  the  graves 
of  their  deceased  Friends  a  plain  flat  Yorkshire  or 
Portland  stone,  laid  horizontally,  and  measuring 
3  ft.  in  length,  by  2  ft.  in  breadth  and  3  inches  in 
thickness,  on  which  may  be  inscribed  the  name  and 
age  of  the  individual  interred,  with  the  date  of 
decease,  the  said  stone  to  be  laid,  for  uniformity, 
on  the  centre  of  the  grave,  and  nearly  on  a  level 
with  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Your  Committee 
would  recommend  that  no  departure  from  this 
regulation,  nor  anything  whatever  of  a  distinctive 
character  between  one  grave  and  another,  be  in 
any  instance  allowed  by  the  Monthly  Meeting,  and 
that  in  all  cases  the  expenses  connected  with  the 
procuring  and  laying  down  such  stones  be  defrayed 
by  the  parties  applying  for  them. 

Dover,  8,  9  mo.,  1851.  On  behalf  of  the  Com- 
mittee. JAMES  POULTEK. 

On  the  report  is  written  this  note  :  — 

4th  minute  of  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Dover 

10th  of  9th  month,  1851. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  consider  of  the  best 
mode  of  carrying  out  the  minute  of  the  Yearly 
Meeting  of  1850,  on  the  subject  of  gravestones, 
nought  in  the  following  report,  to  which  the 
Meeting  agrees,  and  directs  that  a  copy  of  the 
minute  and  report  be  sent  to  each  Preparative 
Meeting,  and  that  the  same  be  strictly  observed  in 
11  cases.  WM.  DREWETT,  Clerk. 

The  foregoing  is  evidence  that  the  Yearly 
Meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  1850 
made  an  order  respecting  gravestones, 
and  that  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Dover, 
September,  1851,  received  and  adopted  a 
report  making  provision  for  the  use  of  grave- 
stones. It  is  also  a  fact  that,  although 

here  had  been  a  Friends'  burial-place 
under  the  Town  Wall  at  Dover  from  the 
seventeenth  century  to  the  nineteenth, 

here  were  no  gravestones  there  ;    nor  were 

here  any  in  the  Friends'  burial-ground 
attached  to  their  Meeting-House  in  Queen 
Street,  built  in  1802,  until  after  the  date 

f  the  above  report,  and  the  stones  which 
are  there  now  are  in  accordance  with  that 

eport. 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  im 


With  regard  to  the  Exeter  memorial 
stones,  I  would  make  two  observations. 
(1)  The  Quakers  at  Exeter  may  have  acted 
irregularly.  Some  such  irregular  practices 
must  have  existed,  to  meet  which  the  order 
of  the  General  Yearly  Meeting  of  1850  was 
made.  (2)  The  stones  at  Exeter  might  have 
been  erected  at  a  much  later  date  than  the 
year  inscribed  upon  them.  I  know  that 
to  be  the  case  with  regard  to  several  me- 
morial stones  of  the  date  of  the  seventeenth 
century  now  existing  in  the  General  Baptists' 
burial-ground  at  Dover. 

J.  BAVINGTON  JONES. 

In  an  out-of-the-way  corner  in  Hull  there 
is  a  little-known  Quaker  burial-ground. 
When  I  saw  it,  forty  years  ago,  it  contained, 
I  think,  three  gravestones.  One  was  in- 
scribed : — 

Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Eliz*  the  wife  of  Ant° 
Wells  of  Kingston  vpou  Hull  merch*  who  departed 
this  life  the  28th  day  of  the  6th  month  1676. 

The  others  were  dated  1841-51. 

W.  C.  B. 

The  following  passage  from  chap,  cvl- 
of  George  Sorrow's  'Wild  Wales'  (1862) 
corroborates  facts  already  brought  forward  : 

"  Singularly  enough,  the  people  at  the  very  first 
house  at  which  I  inquired  about  the  Quakers'  Yard 
[near  Merthyr  Tydvil]  were  entrusted  with  the  care 
of  it.  On  my  expressing  a  wish  to  see  it  a  young 
woman  took  down  a  key,  and  said  that  if  I  would 
follow  her  she  would  show  it  me.  The  Quakers' 
burying-place  is  situated  on  a  little  peninsula  or 
tongue  of  land,  having  a  brook  on  its  eastern  and 
northern  sides,  and  on  its  western  the  Taf.  It  is  a 
little  oblong  yard,  with  low  walls,  partly  overhung 
with  ivy.  The  entrance  is  a  porch  to  the  south. 
The  Quakers  are  no  friends  to  tombstones,  and  the 
only  visible  evidence  that  this  was  a  place  of  burial 
was  a  single  flagstone,  with  a  half  obliterated 
inscription  which  with  some  difficulty  I  deciphered, 
and  was  as  follows  : — 

To  the  Memory  of  Thomas  Edmunds 
Who  died  April  the  ninth  1802  aged  60 

Years 

And  of  Mary  Edmunds 
Who  died  January  the  fourth  1810  aged  70." 

H.  E.  CRANE. 

Berck  Plage,  France. 


WOLSTON  (10  S.  vii.  129;  x.  95). — From 
my  family  memoranda  I  find  that  Christo- 
pher Woolston  married  Catherine,  second 
daughter  of  Roger  Prideaux  by  his  (second) 
wife  Catherine,  daughter  of  William  Ilbert 
of  Bowringsleigh  and  his  wife  Bridget,  third 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Courtenay  of 
Powderham  Castle,  and  sister  of  the  first 
Viscount  Courtenay.  They  had  issue  six 
sons  and  two  daughters,  namely,  (1) 


Christopher,  (2)  Augustus,  (3)  Arthur,  (4 
Thomas,  (5)  Richard,  (6)  Catherine,  (7) 
Augusta,  and  (8)  Alexander.  Thomas  and 
Richard  were  married,  but  I  do  not  know 
the  names  of  their  wives.  Although  the 
spelling  of  the  surname  slightly  differs  from 
that  employed  by  G.  F.  R.  B.  and  MB. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT,  I  am  disposed  to 
think  that  Christopher,  the  husband  of 
Catherine  Prideaux,  may  have  been  a 
brother  or  near  relation  of  John  Wolston  of 
Tornewton  House,  and  I  should  be  glad  to 
be  favoured  with  further  particulars  about 
the  family.  According  to  my  notes,  Chris- 
topher Woolston  died  in  1832,  and  his  wife 
Catherine,  who  was  born  on  10  June,  1762, 
died  in  1840,  and  was  buried  at  Torbryan. 
Her  father,  Roger  Prideaux,  was  a  younger 
brother  of  my  great-great-grandfather.  He 
was  born  at  Kingswear,  8  Oct.,  1722,  and 
died  at  Kingsbridge  in  January,  1798. 
His  wife,  Catherine  Ilbert,  was  born  12  Feb., 
1737/8,  and  her  marriage  licence  was  dated 
31  March,  1759.  W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

COMTE  D'ANTRAIGTJES  (10  S.  x.  67). — 
This  ambitious  politician  was  born  in  1755. 
His  *  Memoires  sur  les  £tats  generaux ' 
(1788)  was  one  of  the  first  sparks  of  the 
Revolution.  A  year  later,  as  a  deputy,  he 
changed  his  views,  upholding  hereditary 
privilege  and  the  king's  veto.  After  1790 
he  was  diplomatically  engaged  in  St.  Peters- 
burg, Vienna,  and  'Dresden.  He  acquired 
great  influence  with  Canning,  and  was 
murdered,  with  his  wife,  22  July,  1812,  by 
an  Italian  servant  at  Barnes.  For  further 
details  see  '  Un  Agent  secret '  (L.  Pingaud, 
1893).  BERNARD  LORD  M.  QUILLIN. 

There  is  a  column  and  a  half  regarding 
this  nobleman  in  Robinet's  '  Dictionnaire 
historique  et  biographique  de  la  Revolution 
et  de  I'Empire.'  J.  R.  FITZGERALD. 

For  the  career  of  Emmanuel  Louis  Henri 
de  Launay,  Comte  d'Antraigues,  see 

*  Nouvelle    Biographie    generate,'    ii.     866 ; 
'  Biographie  moderne,'    i.    52 ;     and   (under 

*  Entraigues  ' )  '  Biographie  universelle,'  xiii. 
169.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

An  account  of  his  murder  will  be  found 
in  'The  Environs  of  London,'  by  James 
Thome,  F.S.A.,  1876,  Part  I.  pp.  27-8. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

[R.  B.,  COL.  PHIPPS,  MB.  R.  PIERPOINT,  and 
LADY  RUSSELL  also  thanked  for  replies.] 

PROVERB  ON  BEATING  (10  S.  ix.  170,  298  ; 
x.  15). — in  an  epigram  attributed  to  Zeve- 
cotius  by  Nicolas  Mercier,  *  De  Conscribendo 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


Epigrammate,'  p.  166,  a  different  turn  is 
given  to  this  proverb*  a  woman  being 
omitted  from  the  list  of  things  that  are  the 
better  for  a  beating,  and  a  bell  and  a 
sluggard  added  to  it : — 
Nux,  asinus,  campana,  piger,  si  verbera  cessent 

Hie  cubat,  ilia  silet,  hip  stat,  &  ilia  manet. 
Nux,  asinus,  campana,  piger,  si  verbera  eogant, 

Hie  studet,  ilia  sonat,  hie  it,  &  ilia  cadit. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"SCARAMOUCH"  (10  S.  x.  86).— If  DR. 
KREBS  had  taken  the  precaution  to  in- 
vestigate the  history  of  the  Italian  scara- 
muccia  I  am  quite  sure  he  would  not  have 
ventured  to  identify  the  Italian  word, 
together  with  its  English  equivalent  "  scara- 
mouch," with  a  Church  Slavonic  word  for 
buffoon,  existing  in  the  eleventh  century. 
It  would  have  been  well  if  he  had  gone  to 
such  an  obvious  source  of  information  as 
Florio's  Italian  dictionary.  He  would  have 
found  in  Florio  (ed.  1688)  the  following 
information  : — 

"  Scaramuccia,  Scaramugia,  Scaramuzza,  a  skir- 
mish, a  fight ;  also  the  name  of  a  jester  or  a  fool  in 
Italian  comedies." 

"  Scaramucciare to  skirmish,  or,  to  play  the 

Scaramuccio  or  fool  on  the  stage." 
From  this  it  will  be  evident  that  the  It. 
scaramuccia  meant  first  a  skirmish,  and 
secondly  the  name  of  a  jester  ;  and  that, 
consequently,  it  is  impossible  to  connect 
a  word  meaning  in  Italian  primarily  a 
"  skirmish  "  with  a  Church  Slavonic  word  of 
the  eleventh  century  meaning  a  "buffoon." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  scaramuccia  is 
the  source  of  the  French  word  escarmouche, 
which  is  rendered  "  skirmish  "  by  Cotgrave. 
Much  interesting  information  about  the 
word  "  scaramouch "  and  its  connexion 
with  Italian  comedy  may  be  found  in  the 
'  Stanford  Dictionary.'  Harlequins  and 
scaramouches  are  very  frequently  men- 
tioned together.  It  is  probable  that  It. 
scaramuccia  is  of  German  origin.  Etymo- 
logists generally  connect  the  word  with  Old 
High  German  skirmen,  to  fence  (whence  O.F. 
escrimir).  Of  course  the  -uccia  is  the  com- 
mon Italian  suffix.  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

DR.  KREBS  (or  his  authority  Prof.  Skeat) 
is  in  error  in  stating  that  Scaramuccio  was 
the  proper  name  of  the  Italian  comedian — 
he  was  something  better  than  a  mere  buffoon 
—who  died  in  1694.  The  proper  name  of 
this  player  was  Tiberio  Fiorelli.  He  was 
familiarly  known  as  Scaramuccio  from  the 
stock  character  he  impersonated. 

W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin. 


THE  OLD  OMNIBUSES  (10  S.  x.  86). — 
The  value  of  MR.  R.  H.  THORNTON'S  note  is 
lessened  by  the  incorrect  use  of  the  term 
"  knifeboard  "  for  the  front  seats  by  the 
driver.  I  remember  the  thirteenth  seat 
inside,  facing  the  dopr,  but  I  do  not  think 
it  was  found  in  all  omnibuses  ;  it  certainly 
remained  in  some  after  it  was  abolished  in 
others.  The  two  seats  on  each  side  of  the 
driver  continued  with  the  original  "  knife- 
board  "  on  the  roof,  and  also  with  its 
improved  form,  and  were  not  superseded 
until  "  garden  seats "  were  introduced, 
and  the  staircase  to  these  seats  caused  the 
doors  to  be  abolished.  MR.  THORNTON  does 
not  give  any  dates,  but  it  would  be  useful 
to  have  these  for  the  various  changes.  I  am 
sorry  that  I  cannot  supply  them. 

HENRY  B.  WHEATLEY. 

MR.  THORNTON  is  in  error  in  calling  the 
box  seats  on  each  side  of  the  driver  the 
"  knifeboard,"  which  was,  of  course,  the 
back-to-back  seat  running  along  the  centre 
of  the  roof.  I  have  seen  an  illustration 
showing  two  or  three  men,  overflows  from 
the  box  seats,  squatting  on  the  curved  roof. 
This  practice  may  have  suggested  the  later 
provision  of  the  "  knifeboard  "  seats. 

H.  P.  L. 

THE  DOUBLE-HEADED  EAGLE  (10  S.  ix. 
350). — Did  not  the  two-headed  eagle  sym- 
bolize the  union  of  the  Eastern  Roman 
Empire  under  Nicephorus,  and  the  Western 
under  Charlemagne  ?  Not  that  it  did  not 
exist  before  as  an  imperial  emblem,  since 
it  is  said  to  be  traceable  to  the  great  empires 
of  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates  Valley,  of 
Babylon  and  Assyria.  Found  on  Hittite 
monuments  of  Cappadocia,  it  is  thought 
to  have  passed  by  way  of  the  Turkoman 
provinces,  by  means  of  the  Crusaders,  to 
Europe  in  the  fourteenth  century.  If  so, 
it  could  not  have  become  the  badge  of  the 
Easterlings,  or  merchants  of  the  Hanseatic 
League,  until  that  period.  But  the  Hanse 
Association  existed  long  before  the  four- 
teenth century,  being  known  in  the  reign 
of  Ethelred  as  the  "  Emperor's  Men,"  which 
would  be  somewhere  between  840  and  877, 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  (le  Chauve). 

A  stone  carving  of  the  double-headed 
eagle,  one  head  of  which  had  been  restored, 
and  which  bore  the  date  1669  and  initials 
E.  (or  L.)R.M.,  was  presented  about  February, 
1892,  by  Mr.  M.  Pope,  F.S.A.,  to  the  City 
Museum,  where  it  may  now  be  seen.  This 
would  appear  almost  certainly  to  represent 
the  two  eagles  described  by  Pennant  (1790, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  im 


p.  307)  as  being  next  to  the  waterside. 
Pennant,  however,  describes  them  as  "  two 
eagles,  with  imperial  crowns  round  their 
necks,  placed  on  two  columns."  Also  there 
is  an  aquatint  in  the  Grace  Collection 
(British  Museum),  portf.  vi.  292,  of  the  old 
steelyard  in  Thames  Street,  as  it  appeared 
from  the  river  front  in  1798.  Here  again 
two  eagles  are  represented,  one  each  side 
of  the  water-gate.  This  division  of  the  in- 
separable may,  however,  have  been  of  a 
merely  conventional  character.  At  all 
events,  it  is  remarkable  that  in  an  account 
of  the  steelyard  and  the  Hanseatic  League 
in  The  Home  Friend  ( '  Ancient  London ' ), 
No.  xiii.  p.  472,  there  is  an  illustration  which 
certainly  seems  to  represent  what  remains 
of  the  relic  presented  to  the  Corporation 
Museum  by  Mr.  Pope,  who,  I  think,  was  a 
famous  Q.C.  as  well  as  antiquary. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

Information  respecting  this  device  will 
be  found  in  Lane-Poole's  '  Coins  of  the 
Urtuki  Turkumans  '  in  '  Numismata  Orien- 
talia'  (1878),  p.  21.  He  there  refers  to 
coins  of  Atabegs  of  Sinjar,  and  rulers  of 
Keyfa  and  Amid,  on  which  it  occurs,  these 
coins  being  in  the  British  Museum  ('  Cata- 
logue of  Oriental  Coins,'  vol.  iii.).  Their 
dates  are  circa  1190  and  1220.  He  states 
that  the  double-headed  eagle  was  the 
armorial  badge  of  the  city  of  Amid,  and  also 
refers  to  the  occurrence  of  the  device  at 
Euyuk  and  near  Boghaz-Keui,  mentioned  in 
the  article  in  Blackwood  this  year.  See  also 
Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  xvii.  p.  145. 

It  appears  from  W.  B.  Stevenson's 
*  Crusaders  in  the  East,'  p.  266,  that  the 
ruler  of  Sinjar  was  with  Saladin  before  Acre 
till  November,  1190;  and  it  may  perhaps 
be  suggested  that  coins  of  this  ruler,  or 
seals  belonging  to  him  or  others,  and  bearing 
the  device,  were  brought  home  by  Crusaders, 
and  introduced  the  two-headed  eagle  as  an 
armorial  bearing  into  Europe.  L.  W.  H. 

ASTARTE  may  be  interested  in  the  follow- 
ing quotation  from  Comte  d'Alviella's  '  Les 
Symboles '  in  connexion  with  his  query 
about  the  double-headed  eagle  : — 

"M.  de  Longperier  fait  observer  que  si  Ton 
pratique  une  section  dans  la  tige  de  certaines 
fougeres,  Pleris  aquilina,  on  obtient  une  image 
assez  exacte  de  1'aigle  a  deux  tetes.  Or,  la  fougere 
se  nomme  en  grec  Pteris,  comme  la  province  on  se 
rencontrent  les  bas-reliefs  d'Euiuk.  Le  savant 
archeologue  se  demandait  si  ce  ne  serait  pas  cette 
similitude  qui  aurait  fait  choisir  1'aigle  a  deux 
tetes  comme  symbole  de  la  Pterie.  Mais  on  sait 
aujourd'hui  que  les  bas-reliefs  en  question  sont  fort 
anterieurs  a  1'entree  en  scene  des  Grecs  dans  cette 


partie  du  moude,  et  il  est  probable  que  les  Grecs 
avaient  nomme  la  fougere  avant  de  connaitre  la 
Pterie." 

The  curious  figure  here  described  as  a 
"  double-headed  eagle  "  was,  when  I  was  a 
child,  called  "  Bang  Charles  in  the  oak,"  for 
neither  the  pattern  in  the  root  section  of 
this  fern,  nor  the  significance  of  its  name, 
Pteris  aquilina  (two-winged  eagle),  had  been 
recognized.  T.  S.  M. 

RUSHLIGHTS  (10  S.  x.  27,  76,  93,  135).— 
It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  rushlights 
were  on  sale  and  in  use,  to  my  knowledge,  in 
Bedfordshire  at  a  very  much  later  date  than 
1845  (ante,  p.  93).  They  were  in  use  cer- 
tainly thirty  years  later  than  that,  and  I 
believe  even  more  recently  still.  They  were 
made  at  St.  Albans,  and  an  inquiry  ad- 
dressed to  Messrs.  Joseph  Wiles  &  Sons, 
tallow  chandlers  of  St.  Albans,  would  be 
likely  to  result  in  definite  information  as  to 
the  latest  date  up  to  which  they  were  made. 
A.  H.  ANDERSON. 

THE  SWEDISH  CHURCH,  PRINCE'S  SQUARE, 
ST.  GEORGE'S-IN-THE-EAST  (10  S.  ix.  369, 
416  ;  x.  97). — MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  says 
that  he  has  been  unable  to  find  any  separate 
history  of  this  church.  In  the  '  Remi- 
niscences '  of  the  late  pastor,  Johannes 
Palmer,  who  retired  in  1903,  some  account 
is  given  of  the  Swedish  Church  and  con- 
gregation in  London,  and  reference  is  made 
to  '  Notes  '  concerning  the  same  by  G.  W. 
Carlson,  an  earlier  minister,  published  at 
Stockholm  in  1852.  Both  accounts  are  in 
Swedish,  and  therefore  not  readily  accessible. 
We  learn  that  privilege  to  establish  a  Swedish 
Church,  according  to  the  Lutheran  faith, 
was  first  obtained  as  early  as  1673  ;  but, 
the  Swedes  not  being  numerous  enough  at 
the  time,  the  privilege  was  acted  upon  by 
the  German  Lutherans,  with  whom,  for  a 
while,  such  Swedes  as  understood  the 
German  language  worshipped.  They  joined 
with  the  Danes,  however,  when  the  latter 
built  their  church  in  Wellclose  Square, 
about  1696.  Some  years  later,  ill-feeling, 
threatening  war,  having  arisen  between 
the  two  nations,  the  Swedes  withdrew  from 
church-fellowship.  A  private  house  in  Rat- 
cliff  Highway  was  rented  until  means  were 
found  for  the  erection  of  a  church  of  their 
own  in  1728. 

Of  the  Danes'  Church  (which  is  not  now 
standing)  we  find  some  account  in  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Ly  sons' s  '  Environs  of  London ' 
(1795).  Its  architect  was  Caius  Gabriel 
Gibber,  Statuary  to  Frederic,  King  of 
Denmark  (and  afterwards  to  Charles  II. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 1908. j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


and  William  III.  of  England),  and  father  o 
Colley  Gibber.     There  are  fine  engravings 
both    of   the    exterior   and   interior,    in   the 
Guildhall    Library    ('  Plans    and    Prints    o 
Southwark,    &c.,'   Shadwell  section).     It  i 
described    as  "  a    small,   ordinary  church ' 
in     Palmer's     '  Reminiscences '  ;      but     the 
engravings  show  it  to  have  been  a  some 
what  imposing  building,   sumptuous  in  its 
interior  arrangements. 

GEORGE  TROBRIDGE. 
2,  Mount  Pleasant,  Belfast. 

ST.  ANDREW'S  CROSS  (10  S.  viii.  507  ;    ix 
32,    114;     x.    91,    135).— The   body   of   St 
Andrew    is    said    to    have    reposed    in    the 
crypt  of  his  cathedral  at  Amalfi,  in  Southern 
Italy,    since    the    thirteenth    century.     The 
head,  however,  with  those  of  SS.  Peter  anc 
Paul,  lies  under  the  high  altar  of  St.  Peter's 
in  Rome.     During  the  pontificate  of  Pius  II. 
(^Eneas  Sylvius  Piccolomini),    1458-64,  the 
head  of  St.  Andrew  was  brought  to  Rome. 
It   had   been   worshipped   for   centuries   at 
Patras  ;     but  when  the  Turks  invaded  the 
Morea,   the  Despot  fled  with  the  precious 
relic    to    Ancona.     It    was    then    conveyed 
for  safety  to  the  strong  fortress  of  Narni  ; 
and,  when  Piccinino's  forces  were  dispersed, 
was   brought   in   stately   procession   to   the 
Eternal    City.     It    was    intended    that    the 
heads  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul  should  go  forth 
to    meet    that    of    their    brother    Apostle  ; 
but  they  could  not  be  moved,  owing  to  the 
vast  mass  of  gold  and  iron  which  enshrined 
and  protected  them.     The   Pope,   his  Car- 
dinals, and  the  whole  population  of  Rome 
thronged   forth   to   the   Meadows   near   the 
Milvian  Bridge.     The  relic  rested  that  day 
on  the  altar  of  S.  Maria  del  Popolo,  and  was 
then   conveyed   through   the  rejoicing   city 
to  St.  Peter's.     Leaving  Rome  by  the  Porta 
del  Popolo  on  the  left,  you  see  the  round 
church  of  St.  Andrew  ;    and  a  little  further 
on  the  right  the  chapel  in  honour  of  St. 
Andrew's    head,    where    Pius    II.    met    the 
procession  bearing  the  relic. 

See  Dean  Milman's  *  History  of  Latin 
Christianity  '  (1864),  ix.  87. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

STUFFED  CHINE  (10  S.  x.  30,  78). — This 
delicacy  is  always  largely  in  vogue  during 
Wake  Week  here.  Our  church  is  dedicated 
to  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  Trinity  Week 
and  Wake  Week  are  synonymous.  In 
nearly  every  house  one  enters  during  the 
time  specified  a  stuffed  chine  in  cut  is  stand- 
ing on  the  sideboard,  ready  for  the  imme- 
diate use  of  any  callers  or  visitors.  It  is 
usually  accompanied  by  a  currant  pudding 


made  with  thin  layers  of  bread  and  fruit, 
with  the  usual  accompaniment  of  eggs, 
milk,  sugar,  suet,  peel,  &c.  This  is  known 
as  Wake  pudding.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

MAPS  (10  S.  x.  8,  77). — We  have  no  con- 
temporary maps  illustrating  Strabo  and 
Ptolemy  (Claudius  Ptolemaeus),  and  they 
have  only  come  down  to  us  through  copies 
made  by  Greek  monks  between  600  and  900 
A.D.,  by  Arabs  in  the  Islamic  Renascence, 
by  Latin  monks  and  pilgrims,  by  Venetian 
and  Catalan  sailors,  and  by  Flemish  or 
German  geographers.  Sir  Harry  Johnston 
in  '  The  Nile  Quest,'  1903,  gives  a  repro- 
duction of  the  course  of  the  Nile  according 
to  Ptolemy,  "from  the  oldest  version  of 
Ptolemy's  map  in  existence,  about  930  A.D., 
preserved  in  Mount  Athos  Monastery." 
I  do  not  know  whether  a  facsimile  of  the 
whole  of  this  map  has  been  published ; 
but  information  as  to  this,  and  on  the  sub- 
ject generally,  might  be  obtained  from  the 
Librarian  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society, 
1,  Savile  Row,  W.  A  photographic  repro- 
duction of  a  Greek  MS.  of  Ptolemy's  '  Geo- 
graphy'  of  about  1200-1210  A.D.  was 
published  at  Paris  in  1867  (see  Quaritch's 
Catalogue,  May,  1899).  Many  editions  of 
this  work  have  been  printed  in  Greek,  Latin, 
Italian,  and  French ;  but,  curiously,  it 
does  not  appear  to  have  ever  been  trans- 
lated into  English.  These  contain  copies 
of  the  maps,  with  in  some  cases  modifications 
due  to  later  discoveries. 

Reconstructed  reproductions  of  the  maps 
of  Homer,  Herodotus,  Eratosthenes,  and 
other  classical  geographers  have  been  fre- 
quently published,  as,  for  instance,  in  Keith 
Johnston's  *  Classical  Atlas,'  and  I  can  give 
a  number  of  references  to  these,  if  desired. 
[n  the  Imperial  Library  of  Vienna  is  still 
preserved  a  fine  specimen  of  a  painted 
tinerary  of  230  A.D.,  known  as  the  Peutinger 
Table  (see  '  History  of  Maritime  and  Inland 
Discovery '  in  "  Lardner's  Cabinet  Cyclo- 
aaedia,"  i.  1830,  p.  155).  A  facsimile  of 
in  interesting  conception  of  the  world  by  a 
Christian  monk  known  as  "  Cosmas  Indico- 
leustes,"  of  about  the  year  530,  is  given  in 
is  *  Topographia  Christiana,'  translated 
md  edited  by  J.  W.  McCrindle,  and  pub- 
ished  by  the  Hakluyt  Society  in  1897.  As 
o  early  mediaeval  maps,  see  C.  Raymond 
Beazley's  '  Dawn  of  Modern  Geography,' 

vols.,   1897-1906,   in  which  facsimiles  of 
everal  are  given. 

But  for  the  earliest  map  of  all,  as  for  the 
eginnings  of  so  much  else,  we  must  go  to 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUO.  22,  im 


Egypt.  Prof.  G.  Maspero  in  '  The  Struggle 
of  the  Nations,'  1896,  p.  367,  reproduces  a 
fragment  of  a  map  of  the  gold-mines  of 
Nubia,  of  about  the  time  of  Seti  II.,  a  king 
of  the  Nineteenth  Dynasty,  who  reigned 
about  1214-1209  B.C.,  according  to  Prof. 
Petrie.  This  map  is  on  papyrus,  and 
Maspero  describes  it  as  the  oldest  map  in 
the  world.  It  is  reproduced  from  Chabas, 
'  Les  Inscriptions  des  Mines  d'Or,'  plate  ii. 
Perhaps  some,  however,  would  give  the 
palm  for  antiquity  to  the  Chaldsean  map 
of  the  world,  of  which  Maspero  gives  a 
reproduction  (*  The  Dawn  of  Civilization,' 
1894,  p.  775)  from  Zeitschrift  fur  Assyrio- 
logie,  iv.  369. 

FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS,  F.R.G.S. 

HOVE  (10  S.  ix.  450;  x.  14,  111).— The 
true  pronunciation  of  this  name  is  an  im- 
portant factor  in  determining  its  meaning. 
Nowadays  "  Hove  "  rimes  with  "  cove  "  ; 
but  thirty  or  forty  years  ago  old  people  in 
Brighton,  of  which  town  I  am  a  native, 
pronounced  the  word  in  rime  with  "  move  " 
and  "  prove."  In  the  sixteenth-century 
drawing  depicting  the  burning  of  Brighthelm- 
stone  by  the  French,  in  the  Cotton  MS. 
Augustus  I.  i.  18,  we  find  "  Hoove  Churche  " 
written  :  cf.  the  reproduction  of  this  draw- 
ing which  illustrates  Dr.  James  Gairdner's 
paper  in  R.  Hist.  Soc.  Trans.,  Third  Series, 
vol.  i.,  1907  (frontispiece).  "  Hoove,"  then, 
postulates  an  A.-S.  hdf,  and  that  means  a 
palace,  a  dwelling,  a  house. 

A.  ANSCOMBE. 

30,  Albany  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N. 

HORNSEY  :   HlGHGATE   AND   ARABELLA 

STUART  (10  S.  x.  46,  93).— In  Lloyd's 
'  History  of  Highgate  '  (referred  to  in  MR. 
MARRIOTT'S  note)  it  is  stated  that  Arundel 
House  stood  on  the  site  now  occupied  by 
Charming  House,  Bletchworth  House,  and 
intervening  houses,  on  "  The  Bank "  on 
Highgate  Hill.  The  last  remaining  wing 
of  the  house  was,  says  Lloyd,  pulled  down 
in  1825.  A  modern  house  bearing  the  name 
Arundel  House  now  occupies  part  of  this 
site,  and  is  next  door  to  Bletchworth  House. 
Lloyd  gives  a  picture  of  part  of  the  old 
Arundel  House,  from  which,  I  presume, 
the  view  on  the  post  cards  MR.  MARRIOTT 
speaks  of  was  copied  ;  but  these,  I  am  told, 
are  at  present  out  of  print,  and  I  have  not 
been  able  to  obtain  one  in  the  neighbourhood. 
Lloyd  shows  clearly  (as  MR.  MARRIOTT 
says)  that  it  was  in  Sir  William  Bond's 
house  that  Arabella  Stuart  stayed,  and  MR. 
MARRIOTT  now  proves  that  our  historian 
was  mistaken  in  supposing  this  to  have 


been  Arundel  House.  But  why  will  not 
MR.  MARRIOTT  give  the  reasons  for  his  con- 
jecture as  to  the  site  of  the  latter,  and  so 
help  (as  possibly  he  might  do)  in  its  iden- 
tification ?  C.  C.  B. 

"ABRACADABRA"  (10  S.  ix.  467;  x.  35,. 
54). — The  new  '  Thesaurus  Linguae  Latinse  " 
contents  itself  with  quoting  the  origin  for 
this  word  suggested  by  Buecheler  :  "  Ficta 
videtur  tinnula  interpolatione  abecedari." 

Another  derivation,  offered  by  the  late 
Dr.  C.  W.  King,  will  be  found  in  'The 
Stanford  Dictionary  of  Anglicised  Words- 
and  Phrases,'  edited  by  Dr.  C.  A.  M.  FennelL 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
Bad  Wildungen. 

It  may  not  be  irrelevant  to  quote  the 
well-known  lines  in  Prior's  '  Solomon/ 
ii.  356-63  :— 

Another  nymph,  amongst  the  many  fair 
That  made  my  softer  hours  their  solemn  care, 
Before  the  rest  affected  still  to  stand, 
And  watched  my  eye,  preventing  my  command. 
Abra — she  so  was  called — did  soonest  haste 
To  grace  my  presence ;  Abra  went  the  last : 
Abra  was  ready  ere  I  called  her  name  ; 
And,  though  I  called  another,  Abra  came, 

In  Exodus  ii.  5  the  Septuagint  hag  TYJV 
a/3pav  for  "her  maid"  (A.V.)  or  "her 
handmaid"  (R.V.). 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD,  B.A. 

Bath. 

"  THE  PROTECTOR'S  HEAD,"  INN  SIGN  (10* 
S.  x.  30). — Intelligent  Puritan  New  England, 
from  its  beginnings  republican  to  the  core, 
acquired,  let  us  say,  in  many  a  green  lane 
and  sombre  manor  house  throughout  Puritan 
Old  England,  must  have  had  in  town  and 
country  numerous  eating  and  drinking 
houses  familiarly  commemorating,  as  it 
were,  its  profound  esteem  and  hearty  affec- 
tion for  the  immortal  Cromwell.  The  best- 
known  tavern  recalling  his  name  was  "  The- 
O.  Cromwell  Head  Inn,"  which  stood  on 
School  Street  in  Boston  from  1705  to  1800. 
Cherished  by  the  collector,  a  rare  morsel  of 
early  American  copperplate  printing  is  the 
Paul  Revere  engraved  bill-head,  executed 
before  the  Revolution,  for  the  proprietor 
of  the  inn,  Joseph  Brackett,  who  was  proud 
of  having  had  as  his  guests  George  Wash- 
ington in  1756  and  the  Marquis  Chastellux 
in  1782.  A  facsimile  of  this  rarity  appears- 
in  Goss's  *  Paul  Revere,'  with  hand-coloured 
plates,  2  vols.,  royal  8vo,  Boston,  189L 
See,  too,  Drake's  '  Boston  Taverns,'  also 
his  '  Old  Landmarks  of  Boston.'  The 
Whig  of  the  period  would  quench  his  thirst 
here,  butjmot  the  Tory,  the  latter,  usually,  in 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


patriotic  "  old-country "  touch  with  the 
Royal  Governor  of  the  Province.  Says 
Drake,  the  clearest  of  local  Boston  anti- 
quaries (and  their  number  is  legion)  :  "  The 
sign  of  this  hostelry  was  the  effigy  of  the 
Lord  Protector  Cromwell,  and,  it  is  said, 
hung  so  low  that  all  who  passed  were  com- 
pelled to  make  an  involuntary  reverence." 

The  continuing  New  England  admiration 
for  Oliver  Cromwell  as  a  statesman  of  the 
front  rank  was  not  lost  on  Thomas  Carlyle, 
for,  in  order  that  his  unmatched  collection 
of  Cromwell  printings  should  not  come  under 
the  auctioneer's  baton,  or  any  of  its  volumes 
get  scattered,  he,  long  before  his  death, 
presented  the  whole  to  Harvard  University, 
accompanied  by  a  curious  epistle,  pathetic- 
ally humble  indeed,  printed  entire,  I  fancy, 
in  one  of  the  back  volumes  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Historical  Society's  Proceedings. 
J.  G.  CUPPLES. 

Brookline,  Mass. 

DEVILLE  (10  S.  ix.  450;    x.  91).— I  have 
a   dim   recollection   of   reading,  or   hearing 
about  a  man  named  Deville    who  earned  a 
certain  reputation  as  a  lecturer  or  demon- 
strator in  connexion  with  phrenology  some- 
where in  the  forties  of  last  century.     In  that 
reminiscence  I  am  helped  by  Robert  (other- 
wise   "Satan")   Montgomery,   who   in  one 
of  his  satires,  '  The  Age  Reviewed,'  girds  at 
Gall  and  Spurzheim  in  some  slashing  lines. 
He  pictures  Gall  as  scratching  his  pate  in 
bed  and  feeling  some  outward  lumps,  which 
he  assumed  to  be  organs  of  his  inward  brain, 
and  resolved  to   have  some  plaster  heads 
to  show  them  plainly.     Then 
Spread  the  mapp'd  out  skulls  thro'  Scotia's  towns, 
And  Glasgow  sawnies  bump'd  their  dirty  crowns  ; 
Then  foggy  Spurzheim  croak'd  in  bungling  tomes, 
Till   gaping   Scotland    hugg'd    her    crack-brain'd 

monies  ! 

Last  Combe,  the  printing  gobbernowl  for  all, 
In  half  a  thousand  pages  grubb'd  for  Gall ; 
And  found  a  deputy  in  smug  Deville, 
With  unwash'd  nands  to  fumble  and  to  feel. 

RICHABD  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

"  THE  CROSS  "  SIGN  :  "  HOT  CROSS 
BUNS"  (10  S.  ix.  345,  436).— The  custom 
of  marking  with  a  cross  was  not  confined 
to  articles  of  food,  such  as  buns,  &c.,  but  was 
.also  in  some  instances  extended  to  drink, 
•e.g.  beer. 

My  father,  when  a  surveying  officer  of 
Inland  Revenue  stationed  at  Wednesbury, 
had  in  his  station  an  operative  brewer  who 
carried  out  this  custom.  When  I  saw  my 
father  recently,  I  inquired  as  to  this  man  ; 
but  my  father  was  unable  to  give  precise 


details  of  the  practice.  He  believed,  how- 
ever, that  it  was  somewhat  as  follows. 

Barm  was  added  to  the  wort  while  running 
into  the  fermenting  vessel.  Fermentation 
would  begin  in  the  course  of  a  short  time 
after  the  vessel  was^filled,  a  slight  creamy 
"  head  "  then  making  its  appearance.  The 
brewer  thereupon  ladled  out  a  teacupful 
of  the  wort  and  spilt  it  on  the  floor,  after 
which  he  marked  a  large  cross  on  the  yeasty 
"  head  "  of  wort. 

It  is,  I  believe,  more  than  a  dozen  years 
since  this  brewer  was  transferred  from  my 
father's  station  to  one  adjoining,  but  in  the 
eight  or  nine  years  previous  to  this  transfer 
I  frequently  heard  my  father  speak  about 
this  custom,  as  he  was  frequently  annoyed 
because  the  brewer  grumbled  at  him  for 
disturbing  his  cross  when  sampling  the  wort 
to  ascertain  the  specific  gravity. 

The  old  brewer,  I  believe,  could  give  no 
reason  for  this  practice  of  his,  though  he  was 
asked  for  one  more  than  once. 

I  have  never  heard  of  any  other  brewer 
following  the  same  custom,  nor  of  any  good 
explanation  being  given,  though  it  is  pro- 
bably a  survival  from  the  days  of  the  old 
monkish  brewers.  E.  GANDY. 

Inland  Revenue,  Aberayron. 

The  ordinary  cross  on  a  bun  is  X  or  -f , 
depending  on  the  way  the  bun  is  held  and 
looked  at ;  but  it  could  not  be  so  when  the 
mark  was  •]•.  The  second  I  mentioned  had 
a  double  shaft  and  double  crosspiece,  and 
was  made,  I  should  say,  by  an  instrument 
of  tin  or  iron,  the  four  pieces  joined  together, 
perhaps,  by  solder.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

DEATH  AFTER  LYING  (10  S.  x.  109).— 
The  town,  as  stated  in  the  editorial  note,  is 
Devizes.  The  date  of  the  occurrence  is 
1753,  when  Ruth  Pierce  of  Potterne,  a 
neighbouring  village,  was  accused  in  the 
market  of  not  having  paid  her  share  of  the 
cost  of  a  sack  of  wheat.  She  wished  she 
might  drop  down  dead  if  she  had  not,  and 
thereupon  fell  dead  with  the  money  con- 
cealed in  her  hand.  CHARLES  GILLMAN. 

Church  Fields,  Salisbury. 

PAULITIAN  LANGUAGE  (10  S.  ix.  167). — 
L.  L.  K.  has  whetted  my  curiosity  to  know 
more  of  this  tongue.  Is  it  Armenian,  Greek, 
or  Bulgarian  ?  Can  it  by  any  chance  throw 
any  light  on  Romani  ?  It  is  generally 
conceded  that  a  confusion  did  at  one  time 
exist  between  the  'Aro-iyKai/o*,  or  Gypsies, 
and  the  J AOiyyavot,  a  branch  of  the 
Paulicians.  ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  im 


WIDOW  MAURICE,  PRINTER  (10  S.  x.  67). — 
"  Widow  "  affixed  to  traders'  names  in  con- 
nexion with  various  vocations  appears  in 
the  Sheffield  '  Directory  '  dated  1787,  which 
has 

"Allen,  Widow,  lantern  light  &  comb  maker, 
Scargill  Croft." 

"Beet,  Widow,  &  Sons,  cutlers,  Broad-lane." 

"  Cosins,  Widow,  vigo  button  maker,  Park." 

"Cross,  Widow,  cut  glass  manufacturer,  Far- 
gate." 

"Ludlam,  Widow,  &  Sons,  cutlers,  Burgess- 
street." 

"  Ward,  Widow,  scissorsmith  &  victualler,  Bur- 
gess-street." 

HENRY  JOHN  BEARDSHAW. 

27,  Northumberland  Road,  Sheffield. 

"PINK  SAUCER"  (10  S.  ix.  486;  x.  78). 
In  the  early  sixties,  before  the  Civil  War, 
we  used  to  send  thousands  of  pink  saucers 
to  America.  I  always  understood  they  were 
used  for  dyeing  purposes,  and  sent  in  this 
form  to  evade  a  duty.  They  were  supplied 
by  Reeves  &  Sons,  Cheapside. 

A.  MASSON. 

Stoke  Newington. 

BEN  JONSON'S  NAME  :  ITS  SPELLING 
(10  S.  ix.  329,  431;  x.  38).— In  'William 
Allingham  :  a  Diary  '  (London,  1907)  I  find 
(p.  252)  Carlyle  quoted  as  having  said 
(6  Sept.,  1876)  :  "  Ben  is  sensible  and  able — 
rather  prosaic."  Again  : — 

"  Ben  Jonsqn  had  quite  recognisably  an  Annan- 
dale  face.  His  father  was  an  Aimandale  man,  who 
spelt  his  name  Johnson.  He  moved  to  Carlisle, 
where  Ben  was  born." 

T.  M.  W. 

There  is  a  Ben  Jonson's  Road,  Stepney, 
branching  off  the  Burdett  Road.  I  cannot 
trace  any  connexion  between  the  poet  and 
the  place,  yet  I  suspect  there  must  be  some. 
If  there  is  not,  perhaps  some  reader  will 
explain  how  the  road  came  to  be  so  desig- 
nated. M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

"EVERGLADE"  :  ITS  DERIVATION  (10  S. 
x.  105). — It  appears  simpler  to  compare  this 
word  with  the  place-names  Everleigh  and 
Eversley,  of  which  the  first  half  (not  "  pre- 
fix") is  well  known  to  represent  the  A.-S. 
eo/or,  wild  boar,  cognate  with  mod.  Ger.  Eber. 

H.  P.  L. 

ALEXANDRIAN  LIBRARY  AT  MILAN  (10  S. 
ix.  188). — The  title  of  Christopher  Giarda's 
work  was  wrongly  given.  It  should  be 
'  Liberalium  disciplinarum  icones  [not  comes, 
which  makes  no  sense]  symbolicse  Biblio- 
thecse  Alexandrinse.'  The  Bibliotheca  Alex- 
andrina  was  not  the  Ambrosian  Library, 


but  the  library  of  a  college  of  the  order  to 
which  Giarda  belonged,  the  "  Congregatio 
Cler.  Reg.  S.  Pauli."  This  can  be  seen  by 
looking  at  Giarda's  treatise  and  at  the  history 
of  the  Ambrosian  Library  that  precedes  it 
in  Grsevius's  *  Thesaurus.' 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
Bad  Wildungen. 

ANONYMOUS  WORKS  (10  S.  x.  28,  73). — 
Was  '  Marriage  Rites '  published  anony- 
mously ?  My  copy,  dated  1822,  has  on  the 
itle-page  "  by  Lady  Augusta  Hamilton." 
The  preface  is  signed  "A.  H.,  Charenton, 
1822,"  and  this  would  appear,  therefore, 
to  be  the  first  edition.  Perhaps  the  author- 
ship was  dropped  from  the  title-page  of  the 
1824  edition  mentioned  by  F.  G.  H.  The 
copy  in  my  possession  has  on  the  title-page 
the  signature  "  Augus8  B.  Hamilton," 
probably  a  relative  of  the  author. 

FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS,  F.R.G.S. 

CLERGY  IN  WIGS  (10  S.  viii.  149,  214; 
ix.  497  ;  x.  16,  78).— It  would  be  more 
correct  to  say  "  episcopal  wigs,"  as  in 
former  times  nearly  all  the  clergy  wore  wigs. 
The  Bishops'  wigs  were  in  the  form  of  a 
horseshoe,  and  Archbishop  Sumner,  when 
Bishop  of  Chester,  wore  one  when  he  con- 
firmed me  in  1847.  It  was  about  that  time 
sometimes  worn,  and  as  often  laid  aside. 
JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Archbishop  Sumner,  wearing  a  wigr 
confirmed  me  in  April,  1856,  in  Canterbury 
Cathedral.  He  was  staying  at  the  Deanery, 
where  I  saw  him  without  it.  The  same 
afternoon  I  saw  him  in  it  again,  in  his 
carriage.  W.  K.  W.  CHAFY. 

"MAKING  BUTTONS  "  =  FIDGETING  (10  S. 
ix.  467;  x.  13). — This  strange  expression  for 
sudden  apprehension  or  misgiving,  as  well 
as  for  "  fidgeting,"  occurs  in  '  Pierce' s  Super- 
erogation,' 1593  (Gabriel  Harvey's  '  Works/ 
ii.  238):  "Thy  witt  already  maketh  but- 
tons." J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

VIVANDIERES  (10  S.  ix.  171,  313,  418). — 
An  interesting  little  article  on  '  Women 
Soldiers  of  the  French  Army '  appeared 
in  No.  31  of  Cassell's  New  Penny  Magazine, 
dated  27  May,  1899  (vol.  iii.  p.  268). 

WILLIAM  McMuRRAY. 

[Several  correspondents  have  sent  us  references 
to  the  "  vivandiere"  in  fiction,  especially  in  Ouida's 
novel  '  Under  Two  Flags ' ;  but  these  are  not  to 
the  point,  as  a  reference  to  the  original  query  will 
show.] 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  22, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


159 


Jltisrdlatuous. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The    Oxford   English   Dictionary.  —  (Vol.    VIII.) 

Reserve — Ribaldously.    Edited  by  W.  A.  Craigie. 

(Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

THIS  double  section  contains  no  fewer  than  2,763 
entries  of  words  or  combinations  of  words.  The 
number  of  quotations  is  15,983,  as  compared  with 
1,835  in  *  The  Century  Dictionary,'  its  nearest  rival 
in  the  matter  of  fullness.  Latin  and  Romance 
words  form,  as  might  be  expected,  the  bulk  of  the 
section,  words  in  re— and  retro— being  numerous. 
Words  beginning  with  rh  (separately  prepared  by 
Mr.  C.  T.  Onions)  are  mostly  of  Greek  origin,  and 
classical  influence,  prevalent  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  has,  it  is  stated,  affected  the  spelling  of 
"  rime,"  preserved  in  our  columns,  though  generally 
the  modern  press  has  "  rhyme." 

After  a  careful  study  of  the  pages  before  us, 
which  begin  rather  oddly  in  the  middle  of  an 
article,  we  are  able  to  congratulate  Dr.  Craigie 
heartily  on  the  results  of  his  labours.  We  have 
been  struck  many  times  by  the  skilful  analysis  of 
shades  of  meaning  in  words  apparently  simple; 
here  are,  for  instance,  admirably  thorough  articles 
on  'Reserve'  (verb),  'Resign,'  'Resolve'  (verb), 
*  Rest'  (verb  and  noun),  and  '  Retire.' 

In  the  matter  of  quotations  this  section  is  very 
satisfactory  —  more  so,  we  think,  than  others 
recently  issued.  That  they  are  numerous  and  show 
a  wonderful  ransre  is  now  taken  for  granted  by  all 
students  of  the  '  Dictionary ' ;  but  on  this  occasion 
they  are,  for  the  most  part,  interesting  in  them- 
selves, and  representative  of  the  best  English 
thought  and  writing.  Such  additions  as  we  offer 
are  not,  we  think,  of  much  importance,  though  we 
presume  that  they  are  preferable  to  the  vague 
laudation  of  the  average  reviewer,  who  does  not 
descend  to  details.  Two  main  principles  guide  us, 
as  we  have  explained  before,  in  the  suggestion  of 
new  quotations.  We  think  it  wise  that  the 
authority  for  a  word  should,  where  possible,  be 
derived,  not  from  journalism,  but  from  an  author  of 
good  standing ;  and,  furthermore,  that  poets  as 
well  as  prose  writers  should  be  represented,  for  it 
is  the  poet  who,  as  Horace  says,  gives  a  word  a  new 
setting  and  a  new  reputation,  so  that  some  vocables 
which  have  generally  kept  low  company  are  raised 
to  a  good  standing,  or,  accused  of  being  prosy,  can 
boast  of  some  of  the  starlike  quality  which  the 
magic  of  poetry  gives  to  language. 

Being  in  touch  with  modern  science,  we  also  make 
a  few  suggestions  in  that  line,  but  our  technical 
writers,  inventors,  chemists,  botanists,  &c.,  can 
seldom  be  the  pride  of  the  lexicographer.  They 
disregard  the  feelings  of  the  learned,  and  invent 
strange  verbs  and  hybrid  forms  with  degraded 
facility.  We  should  not  ourselves  admit  as  English 
at  all  such  words  as  "  reservoired"  and  the  verb  to 
"  resume"  which  are  included  here. 

Various  words  derived  from  L.  resider  and  resld&re 
respectively  are  well  distinguished.  "  Reside  "= 
residence  is  used  only  by  Brathwait  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  "  Resiance,"  "  resiancy,"  and 
"resiant"  are  all  obsolete.  A  better  modern 
quotation  for  "resignation"  (acquiescence)  than 
that  given  is  "  I  must  in  silent  resignation  leave  all 
of  you,"  Ruskin,  'Realistic  Schools  of  Painting' 
No.  I.  20  (1883).  In  our  steps  "  we  automatically 


adjust  the  muscular  resistance  needful  for  each 
occasion,"  writes  Nisbet  in  'The  Insanity  of 
Genius'  (1891),  a  quotation  which  may  add  to  the 
scientific  completeness  of  the  article  on  the  word 
italicized.  Literary  "resources"  are  commonly 
talked  of  by  the  modern  reviewer.  There  is  one 
quotation  of  this  kind  <from  Green's  '  Short  His- 
tory.' Froude's  essay  on  the  book  of  Job  in  his 
'  Short  Studies'  (1853)  supplies  another,  for  on  p.  3 
he  refers  to  "  all  the  resources  of  modern  scholar- 
ship." "  Respect "  (noun)  is  a  long  and  very  careful 
article.  A  passage  from  belles-lettres  for  its  use  as 
"deferential  regard  or  esteem"  is  lacking  in  the 
niiieteeth  century.  Perhaps  one  is  not  needed,  still 
we  please  ourselves  by  recalling  that  Uncle  Joseph's 
lecture  on  '"Education:  its  Aims,  Objects,  Pur- 
poses, and  Desirability,'  gained  him  the  respect  of 
the  shallow-minded,"  as  we  learn  from  p.  3  of 
Stevenson's  extravaganza  '  The  Wrong  Box.  There 
is,  we  think,  a  scientific  use  of  "response,"  as 
shown  in  the  title  of  a  recent  book  by  J.  C.  JBose, 
'Response  in  the  Living  and  Non-Living.'  The 
actors  use  of  "resting"  for  unemployed  might 
have  been  noticed.  "  Restive  "  is  at  first  sight  a 
curious  word.  Of  animals  it  now  generally  means 
inclined  to  move,  unable  to  stand  still,  a  sense  it 
has  apparently  acquired  from  the  meanings  "re- 
fusing to  go  forward  ;  stubbornly  standing  still." 
"  Restorationism  "  is  an  odd  word,  and  indicates 
the  "  doctrine  that  all  men  will  ultimately  be  re- 
stored to  a  state  of  happiness  in  the  future  life.'" 

Under  "  restrain  "=keep  back  from  something 
desired,  we  should  quote  from  Dryden's  Prologue 
to  'Troilus  and  Cressida'  the  following  pungent 
couplet : — 

These  oafs  should  be  restrained,  during  their  lives, 
From  pen  and  ink,  as  madmen  are  from  knives. 

For  "  resurrection  "  (at  the  Last  Day)  in  nineteenth- 
century  usage  we  find  two  theological  quotations 
only.  Froude,  dealing  with  a  celebrated  text  in 
the  book  of  Job,  says  in  his  essay  in  '  Short  Studies r 
quoted  above  :  "If  there  is  any  doctrine  of  a  resur- 
rection here,  it  is  a  resurrection  precisely  not  of 
the  body,  but  of  the  spirit."  "Resurrection  man  " 
and  "  resurrectionary "  are  both  quoted  from 
Dickens;  and  the  literary  "resurrectionist"  "in 
the  grave-yards  of  deceased  books,"  as  Whipple, 
the  American  essayist,  puts  it  in  the  quotation 
from  his  '  Essays  and  Reviews,'  is  not  forgotten. 
No  poetical  quotation  is  given  for  "reticence." 
Tennyson  has  "  such  fine  reserve  and  noble  reti- 
cence" near  the  end  of  'Geraint  and  Enid.' 
"Reverential"  was  one  of  the  many  adjectives 
which  adorned  the  vari-coloured  style  of  our  late 
editor,  e.g.,  "  a  not  very  brilliant  nor  reverential 
parody  of  Othello's  speech  in  farewell  to  his  occu- 
pation," J.  Knight,  'David  Garrick,'  p.  109.  From 
the  same  book  might  have  been  easily  procured  an 
example  of  a  "revival"  of  a  play,  which  is  only 
noted  from  journalism,  e.g.,  chap.  vii.  p.  110,  "On 
the  revival  of  'King  Henry  V.,'  given  for  the  first 
time  at  Drury  Lane,  Garrick  contented  himself 
with  the  part  of  Prologue  and  Chorus."  "  Reve- 
rent" and  "  reverently"  were  favourite  words  with 
Ruskin,  e.g.,  "  The  most  reverently  acceptant 
account  of  those  days,"  '  Pleasures  of  Faith,'  sec- 
tion 47.  Tennyson  has  "  To  pine  in  that  reverse  of 
doom,"  'In  Memoriam,'  LXXII. ;  he  has  also  in 
'  Will  Waterproof,'  1.  159,  "I  sit,  my  empty  glass 
reversed,"  and  no  poetical  usage  is  quoted  for  these 
two  words  in  the  senses  indicated.  To  "review" 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  22,  im 


in  the  literary  sense  is  first  used,  apparently,  by 
Johnson  in  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Thrale  of  12  Nov.,  1781. 
"Reviewal"  has,  we  think,  gone  out  of  fashion. 
"Reviewer"  and  "reviewing  are  illustrated  by 
many  excellent  quotations,  the  latter  ending  with 
the  melancholy  statement  from  The.  Idler  of  Sep- 
tember, 1894,  "  '  Reviewing'  work  is  too  badly  paid 
for  any  reasonable  being  to  think  of  making  it  either 
an  art  or  a  business."  Fortunately,  there  are  still  a 
few  people  who  regard  the  study  of  literature  as 
something  other  than  a  means  of  making  money. 
"  Revolve  "= ponder  is  classical  in  origin,  as  in 
Virgil,  *  JSneid,'  ii.  101 :  "  Sed  quid  ego  hsec  autem 
nequicquam  ingrata  revolvo."  Here  to  De  Quincey 
and  Arctic  Kane  in  the  nineteenth  century  we 
should  add  Tennyson's  "Sir  Bedivere,  revolving 
many  memories,"  in  'Morte  D' Arthur,'  1.  27U. 
Darwin  in  his  *  Climbing  Plants,'  chap.  v.  p.  203 
(Popular  Edition,  1906),  supplies  a  quotation  of 
authority  for  a  use  of  "revolving"  which  is  hardly 
like  any  of  those  given:  "Their  revolving  move- 
ment is  often  accelerated  or  retarded  in  travelling 
to  or  from  the  light."  It  would  have  been  easy  to 
add  literary  allusions  to  "rheumatism";  still  we 
have  an  excellent  reference  to  '  Adam  Bede,' 
chap,  xviii.,  "On  wet  Sundays,  or  whenever  he 
had  a  touch  of  rheumatism,  he  [Mr.  Peyser's  father] 
used  to  read  the  three  first  chapters  of  Genesis. 
Johnson  (Boswell's  '  Life,'  ed.  Hill,  ii.  361)  at  the 
age  of  sixty-six  gave  Bennet  Langton  a  recipe 
"for  the  rheumatism."  The  dialectic  form  "  rheu- 
matiz,"  though  differently  spelt,  occurs  in  the 
rustic  talk  of  '  Tom  Brown's  Schooldays,'  chap.  iii. : 
"There's  only  one  thing,  as  I  knows  on,  as 
'11  cure  old  folk  like  you  and  I  o'  th'  rhu- 
matiz."  Ruskin's  "  in  melodious  theology  and 
beautifully  rythmic  and  pathetic  meditation," 
'  Pleasures  of  Faith,'  II.  (1884),  is  a  better  quota- 
tion than  that  given  for  the  later  use  of  the 
word  we  italicize.  The  use  of  "  rial,"  a  variant 
of  "real"  or  "  roial  "= befitting  a  king,  is  amply 
testified  to  in  early  English  for  some  three 
centuries.  The  same  page  of  the  'Dictionary' 
gives  us  "rib"  used  for  wife  by  Fielding,  Sterne, 
Lamb,  Byron,  and  Borrow.  This  is  a  good  ex- 
ample of  the  way  in  which  the  *  Dictionary '  traces 
the  course  of  a  vigorous  piece  of  vernacular  in 
writers  of  distinction. 

The  Tragedies  of  Sophoclts.  Translated  with  a 
Biographical  Essay  by  E.  H.  Plumptre.  (Rout- 
ledge  &  Sons.) 

THIS  recent  addition  to  "The  New  Universal 
Library"  shows  the  enterprise  of  its  promoters. 
The  idea  of  an  English  Sophocles  at  a  shilling  would 
have  seemed  hopeless  of  attainment  a  few  years 
since.  Now,  however,  readers  can  have  more  than 
one  translation  at  that  price.  Plumptre  was  a 
good  scholar,  and  his  essay  on  the  poet  is  valuable. 
His  renderings  are  generally  lucid,  though  they 
somewhat  lack  poetic  style ;  and  they  are  in 
accuracy  much  in  advance  of  the  earlier  translators. 
The  reader  who  peruses  this  little  book  will  get  at 
least  some  idea  of  the  structure  and  purport  of  the 
plays  of  Sophocles,  and  see  in  '  (Edipus  at  Colonus ' 
a  resemblance  to  'King  Lear.'  The  verse  of 
Sophocles,  like  that  of  Virgil,  is  charged  with  a 
multitude  of  graces  and  subtleties  that  must  evade 
the  translator.  In  one  direction,  however,  Plumptre 
gets  the  better  of  his  rivals,  in  that  he  does  not 
attempt  rime  in  the  choruses.  Matthew  Arnold 
showed  what  could  be  done  in  that  way,  and  we 


much  prefer  the  simplicity  of  such  a  passage  as  this 
from  the  '(Edipus  at  Colonus'  to  the  smooth 
inanities  introduced  by  the  necessities  of  rime  :  — 

Happiest  beyond  compare 

Never  to  taste  of  life  ; 

Happiest  in  order  next, 

Being  born,  with  quickest  speed 

Thither  again  to  turn 
From  whence  we  came. 

While  youth  is  with  us  still, 

Bringing  its  follies  light, 

What  sorrow  stays  away  ? 

And,  closing  life's  long  course, 
There  comes  the  last  and  worst, 
An  age  of  stubborn  mood, 
Friendless  and  hard  of  speech, 
Where  met  in  union  strange, 
Evils  with  evils  dwell. 

Henslowe's  Diary.    Edited  by  Walter  W.  Greg.— 

Part  II.  The  Commentary.  (A.  H.  Bullen.) 
THE  second  and  concluding  volume  of  Mr.  Greg's 
monumental  edition  of  Henslowe's  Diary  appears 
after  an  interval  of  something  like  four  years  ;  but 
in  view  of  the  extraordinarily  complicated  nature 
of  the  work,  and  the  minute  care  with  which  it  has 
been  accomplished,  it  is  impossible  to  say  that  the 
time  is  excessive.  The  present  volume  forms  an 
exhaustive  commentary  on  the  text  of  the  Diary, 
treating  in  detail  the  family  and  private  affairs  of 
Philip  Henslowe,  his  connexion  with  the  stage,  and 
the  history  of  the  playhouses  in  which  he  was 
interested  and  the  companies  that  performed  in 
them.  There  are  also  complete  lists  of  the  plays 
and  persons  mentioned  in  the  Diary,  all  available 
information  relating  to  each  being  appended  ;  and 
the  volume  concludes  with  a  series  of  elaborate 
Tables  of  Reference,  arid  an  admirably  full  Glossary 
and  Index. 

The  labour  that  has  gone  to  the  production  of 
these  last-named  features  can  hardly  be  over- 
estimated, and  although  Mr.  Greg  informs  us  in 
the  Preface  that  his  aim  has  been  to  avoid  writing 
a  general  history  of  the  Elizabethan  stage  (an  aim, 
be  it  noted,  that  he  keeps  steadily  in  view),  this 
masterly  edition  is,  nevertheless,  likely  to  prove 
the  most  valuable  extant  encyclopaedia  of  the 
theatrical  lore  of  the  period.  We  observe  that  the 
Corrigenda  include  certain  errors  in  the  text  of  the 
Diary,  discovered  since  the  publication  of  the  first 
volume. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

A.  C.  H.  and  J.  VENN.—  Forwarded. 

J.  T.  ("  Willow-Pattern  China").—  Anticipated 
by  replies  at  10  S.  ix.  437. 

C.  H,  R.  PEACH  ("Dago  in  American  Slang").— 
Discussed  at  10  S.  ii.  247,  332,  351. 


10  s.  x.  ACG.  22, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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161 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  29,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-No.  244. 

NOTES :- Jean  Paul  in  English,  161— Napoleon's  Arrival 
at  St.  Helena,  162— Shakespeariana,  164-Cheshire  the 
Hangman— Regimental  Marches  of  the  British  Army,  167, 

QUERIES :— Sheriffs  and  Aldermen  of  London,  167— 
Pharmacopoeia— Buxton— Calligraphy  :  F.  Billieul  and 
Chambon  —  Corbet  =  Valletort  —  Norman-French  Deed 
temp.  Edward  III.— John  Chamberlin— Ruthwell  Cross 
Dumfriesshire — Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — Hoppne 
and  Sir  Thomas  Frankland's  Daughters,  168— Rugge  or 
Rudge  Family—'  Baal ;  or,  Sketches  of  Social  Evils  '— 
"  Vergel  "— "  As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed,"  169— Arch 
bishop  of  Dover— Christopher  Thomson— Llechylched, 
Anglesey—"  Buff,"  170. 

REPLIES :— Attorney-General  to  the  Queen,  170— Old 
English  Dramatists— Toothache,  171— Oxgate  Manor, 
Willesden— St.  Margaret's  Hospital,  Westminster— Jacob 
Philadelphia— Edward  Sharpham,  172— One-Tree  Hill, 
Greenwich— "  Cardinal "  of  St.  Paul's— Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted,  173 — '  Sobriquets  and  Nicknames ' — Roses 
as  Badges — Harvey's  Birthplace — John  of  Gaunt's  Arms, 
174 — Inferior  Clergy  :  "  Sir  " — Vowel-shortening,  175 — 
Salarino,  Salanio,  a.nd  Salerio— Initial  Letters  instead  of 
Words,  176— "Pearl"— Widkirk:  'The  Wakefleld  Mys- 
teries'—' Epulum  Parasiticum,'  177— Swimming  Bath: 
William  Kemp—"  Entente  Cordiale  "— St.  Martha,  178. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Hill  Burton's  'Book-Hunter'—'  The 
Edinburgh  Review.' 

OBITUARY  :— Mr.  Frederic  Norgate. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JEAN    PAUL    IN    ENGLISH. 

WHITING  in  1830,  Thomas  Carlyle  said  : 
"  It  is  some  six  years  since  the  name  of 
*  Jean  Paul  Friedrich  Richter '  was  first 
printed  with  English  types."  This  is  not 
strictly  accurate,  for  De  Quincey  wrote  of 
Hichter  in  1821. 

I  have  just  come  across  an  even  earlier 
•effort  to  make  Jean  Paul  familiar  to  English 
readers,  and  as  it  is  in  an  out-of-the-way 
publication,  the  circumstance  is  worth 
noting.  The  Salopian  Magazine,  printed 
•at  Shrewsbury  by  Charles  Hulbert,  who 
was  also  its  editor,  contained  in  the  number 
for  January,  1816,  a  partial  translation  of 
one  of  Jean  Paul's  famous  '  Dreams.'  It 
is  worth  quoting,  that  it  may  be  compared 
with  the  complete  and  magnificent  transla- 
tion published  by  Carlyle  in  1830  : — 

A  VISION. 

(From  the  German  of  Jean  Paul  Richter.) 
Translated  by  a  Correspondent. 

The  design  of  this  fiction,  says  the  Author,  will 
be  a  sufficient  apology  for  the  boldness  of  it.  If 
my  heart  were  ever  so  wretched,  so  lost  to  all  feel- 


ing, that  the  sentiments  which  affirm  the  existence 
of  a  God  might  be  annihilated  :  I  would  again  read 
the  pages;  I  should  be  deeply  affected  by  them, 
and  again  find  my  salvation  and  my  faith.  There 
are  some  who  deny  the  existence  of  Deity,  with  as 
much  indifference  as  others  admit  it ;  and  some 
have  believed  it  during  twenty  years,  who  have 
not  till  the  twenty-first  discovered  the  awful 
minute,  in  which  they  have  found,  with  ravish- 
ment and  delight,  the  rich  portion  of  that  belief— 
the  vivifying  heat  of  that  fountain  of  Naptha. 

When,  in  our  childhood,  we  are  told  that  towards 
midnight,  at  the  hour  when  sleep  has  nearly  over- 
powered us,  our  dreams  become  more  dreadful ; 
the  dead  awake  and  perform  the  pious  orgies  of  the 
living,  in  the  deserted  temples  of  the  Most  High. — 
Dead  affright  us  because  of  the  dead.  When  dark- 
ness and  obscurity  approach,  we  turn  our  eyes  from 
the  church  and  its  dismal  windows  ;  the  terrors  of 
infancy,  still  greater  than  its  pleasures,  take  wing 
and  fly  around  us  during  the  uncertain  night  of  the 
drowsy  soul.  Oh  !  let  us  enjoy  our  dreams,  even 
the  most  gloomy ;  they  are  yet  more  agreeable  than 
our  actual  existence.  Do  not  quench  these  sparks  ; 
their  scintillations  lead  us  back  to  that  age,  when 
the  untroubled  streams  of  life,  still  reflected  back 
the  Heavens  in  their  calm  and  cloudless  purity. 

One  fine  summer  evening,  I  lay  me  down  on  the 
summit  of  a  hill,  and  fell  asleep.  I  dreamed  that  I 
awoke  at  midnight  in  a  cemetry ;  the  clock  heavily 
tolled  twelve  ;  the  graves  were  half  open,  and  the 
massive  doors  of  the  Church,  agitated  by  an  in- 
visible hand,  opened  and  shut  with  a  great  noise. 
I  saw  the  ghastly  shadows  flit  with  velocity  upon 
the  walls  though  projected  by  no  earthly  substance. 
Other  livid  spectres  arose  in  the  air,  and  the  infants 
alone  reposed  in  their  coffins. 

There  was  in  Heaven,  as  it  were  a  greyish,  heavy, 
suffocating  cloud,  bound  and  pressed  into  long 
plaits  by  a  gigantic  phantom.  Above  I  heard  the 
distant  fall  or  the  avalanche,  and  under  my  feet 
the  beginning  of  a  great  earthquake.  The  temple 
rocked  to  its  foundations  and  the  air  was  rentjby 
the  discordant  sounds  of  horror.  Some  glimmering 
lamps  threw  a  pale  light  around ;  I  felt  myself 
unged  forward,  even  by  terror,  to  seek  an  asylum 
in  the  sacred  edifice ;  two  flaming  basilisks  guarded 
its  dreadful  entrance. 

I  advanced  among  the  crowd  of  unknown  shades, 
upon  whom  the  seal  of  other  years  was  imprinted ; 
all  of  them  pressed  round  the  ruined  altar,  and 
their  breasts  alone  respired  and  were  violently 
agitated;  one  of  them,  who  had  but  been  shortlj 
interred,  remained  in  his  shroud ;  there  was  yet  no 
palpitation  in  his  bosom,  and  a  happy  dream  caused 
a  smile  on  his  livid  countenance ;  but  at  the  ap- 
proach of  an  earthly  being  he  awoke,  ceased  to 
smile,  and  opened  with  a  painful  effort  his  stiffened 
eyelids  ;  the  place  of  the  eye  was  void,  and  that  of 
:he  heart  was  marked  by  a  deep  wound.  He  raised 
lis  hands  to  pray,  joined  them  together  ;  but  his 
arms  lengthened,  separated  themselves  from  the 
jody,  and  the  clasped  hand  fell  to  the  ground. 

In  the  midst  of  the  roof. of  the  church,  was  the 
dial  of  Eternity ;  there  were  neither  index  nor 
igures  to  it ;  but  a  human  finger,  black  as  night, 
;urned  slowly  round,'  and  the  dead  were  compelled 
;o  read  the  time  thereon.  Then  I  saw  descend  from 
the  high  place  upon  the  altar,  a  radiant  and 
najestic  figure,  which  bore  the  marks  of  ceaseless 
sorrow;  the  dead  cried  out, — "Oh,  Jesus,  is  there 
no  God  ?"  He  answered,  "  There  is  no  God ! "  All 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  im 


the  spectres  began  to  tremble  violently,  and  Christ 
continued  thus  :— "  I  have  travelled  over  worlds,  I 
have  gone  beyond  the  Sun,  and  there  is  no  God 
even  there;  I  descended  to  the  last  limits  of 
creation:  I  looked  into  the  abyss,  and  cried 
out  FATHER!  WHERE  ART  THOU?  but 
I  only  heard  the  rain  which  fell  by  drops 
into  its  dark  bosom  ;  the  eternal  tempest  of 
chaos  alone  answered  me.  Then  raising  my 
eyes  towards  the  vault  of  Heaven,  I  found 
only  a  trackless  void,  dark  and  unfathomable. 
Eternity  reposed  on  Chaos,  gnawed  it,  and  even 
devoured  itself  slowly.  Redouble  your  bitter  cries  : 
let  the  piercing  shrieks  make  the  shadows  disperse 
and  vanish  :  IT  is  DONE." 

The  spectres  vanished  as  the  white  vapour  con- 
densed by  the  cold,  the  church  was  deserted  ;  when 
suddenly  I  beheld  the  most  fearful  spectacle. 

The  dead  infants,  which  were  awakened  in  their 
turn,  came  and  prostrated  themselves  before  the 
majestic  figure  upon  the  altar,  and  said,  "Jesus, 
have  we  not  a  Father?"  and  he  answered  them, 
with  a  torrent  of  tears,  "We  are  Orphans,  we  are 
orphans — we  have  no  father  ! "  At  these  awful 
words,  the  temple  and  the  children  were  swallowed 
up  in  the  abyss,  and  the  whole  edifice  of  the  world 
shook  in  its  immensity  before  me.  S.  Y. 

In  a  foot-note  S.  Y.  says  : — 

"  J.  P.  Richter  is  a  great  favourite  with  the 
German  public.  He  possesses  an  astonishing 
erudition ;  is  endowed  with  a  very  lively  imagina- 
tion, and  in  his  writings  displays  great  purity  of 
imagination ;  but  he  is  destitute  of  taste.  His 
style  is  rather  unnatural,  frequently  obscure,  and 
in  general  very  heavy.  His  writings,  however, 
contain  passages  worthy  of  the  most  eminent  author 
—passages  in  the  spirit  of  the  great  Shakespear, 
and  others  in  the  manner  of  the  sentimental 
Sterne." 

This  article  in  The  Salopian  Magazine 
precedes  both  Carlyle  and  De  Quincey,  but 
there  may  be  still  earlier  samples  of  Jean 
Paul  in  English.  WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 


NAPOLEON'S  ARRIVAL  AT 
ST.  HELENA. 

I  CONTINUE  the  story  of  Napoleon  as 
given  by  Mr.  Warden  (see  ante,  pp.  1,  64). 

A  few  days  after  Napoleon  had  settled 
at  The  Briars  Mr.  Warden  paid  him  a  com- 
plimentary visit,  and  found  him  reclining 
on  a  sofa,  apparently  incommoded  by  the 
heat ;  he  had  been,  he  said,  amusing  himself 
with  a  walk  in  the  garden,  but  he  found  it 
necessary  to  shelter-  himself  from  the  sun. 
He  appeared  to  be  in  very  good  spirits. 
After  some  general  questions  respecting 
the  restrictions  on  visiting  him,  he  said  : — 

"  '  I  find  there  is  a  considerable  force  on  the  island  : 
full  as  many  as  the  produce  of  the  place  is  capable 
of  maintaining.  What  could  induce  your  Govern- 
ment to  send  out  the  53rd  Regiment  ?  There  was 
surely  a  sufficient  force  before  for  my  security ;  but 
this  is  the  way  that  you  English  people  get  rid  of 


your  money.'  To  this  I  did  not  hesitate  to  reply : 
When  a  measure  is  once  resolved  on,  you,  General, 
will  acknowledge  it  to  be  the  best  P9licy  to  employ 
all  the  means  that  may  secure  its  being  carried  into- 
effect.'  You  may  think  that  I  hazarded  his  dis- 
pleasure by  my  answer,  but  the  manner  in  which 
ne  received  it  convinced  me  that  he  was  better 
pleased  with  my  frankness  than  if  I  had  hammered 

out  a  compliment I  now  took  my  leave   and 

strolled  down  with  Count  Bertrand  to  dinner." 

It  was  some  time  afterwards  that  the 
surgeon  paid  a  second  visit  to  The  Briars 
to  dine  with  Mr.  Balcombe.  He  accidentally 
took  a  path  which  led  to  the  gardens,  and 
at  the  angle  formed  by  two  paths  he  met 
Napoleon  clattering  down  among  the  rocks 
in  his  heavy  military  boots. 

"  He  accosted  me  with  an  apparent  mixture  of 
satisfaction  and  surprise,  and  reproached  me  in 
terms  of  great  civility  for  my  long  absence.  There 
was  a  rough  deal  board  placed  as  a  seat  between 
two  stones,  on  which,  after  having  brushed  away 
the  dust  with  his  hands,  he  sat  himself  down,  and 
desired  me  to  take  my  place  beside  him.  Las  Cases 
soon  joined  us.  While  I  was  gazing  with  some 
astonishment  on  the  barren  wonders  of  the  scene 
around  me,  'Well,'  said  Napoleon  with  a  smile, 
'what  say  you  to  it?  and  can  you  think  that  your 
countrymen  have  treated  me  kindly  ? '  I  had  but 
one  answer  to  such  a  question,  and  that  was  by 

giving  no  answer  at  all His  conversation  was  on 

this  occasion,  as  on  all  others  when  I  have  been 
with  him,  easy,  good-humoured,  and  familiar, 

without  the  least  taint  of  his  former  greatness 

On  my  mentioning  the  activity  of  the  Admiral  in 
superintending  the  repairs  at  Lo'ngwood,  he  replied, 
'  Your  Admiral  knows,  I  doubt  riot,  in  what  time  a 
ship  may  be  got  ready,  but  as  an  architect  I  think 
his  calculations  will  fail.'  I  maintained,  however, 
that  whether  it  was  upon  land  or  sea  Sir  George 
Cockburn  was  of  a  character  that  would  ensure 
success  in  whatever  he  may  be  called  upon  to 
undertake.  He  then  inquired  after  those  gentlemen 
whose  names  he  endeavoured  to  recollect,  and 
expressed  a  wish  to  see  them  as  they  passed  ;  '  if,' 
said  he,  '  they  will  be  contented  to  visit  me  as  you 
do  now,  in  the  fields,  as  my  present  residence  is  not 
calculated  to  receive  company.'  Napoleon  fre- 
quently makes  one  of  Mr.  Balcombe's  family 
parties,  where  he  is  neither  troublesome  nor 
intrusive,  but  conducts  himself  with  the  manners  of 
a  gentleman,  and  a  lively  demeanour  that  promotes 
the  general  vivacity  of  the  domestic  circle. 

On  Napoleon's  removal  to  Longwood,  as 
he  had  complained  of  the  intrusion  of 
visitors  at  The  Briars,  it  was  ordered  that 
no  one  should  be  permitted  to  visit  the 
former  without  a  passport  from  the  Admiral 
or  the  Governor.  The  illness  of  General 
Gourgon  caused  the  surgeon  to  pass  much 
of  his  time  at  Longwood,  as  the  Emperor's 
surgeon,  O'Meara,  was  desirous  that  they 
should  be  together  during  the  treatment. 
On  one  of  these  occasions  he  received  from 
Napoleon  an  invitation  to  dinner.  He  was- 
obliged  to  present  himself  in  his  riding 
equipments,  and  in  these  he  made  his  entry. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


General  Montholm,  in  full  dress,  received 
him  in  the  ante-room. 

"General  Montholm  whispered  in  my  ear  that  I 
was  to  take  my  seat  at  table  between  the  Emperor 
and  the  Grand  Marshal.  I  had  Napoleon  on  my 
right,  and  the  Marshal  on  my  left,  and  there  was  a 
vacant  chair  that  had  the  air  of  ceremonious  empti- 
ness as  a  reserved  seat  for  Maria  Louisa.  A  bottle 
of  claret  and  a  decanter  of  water  were  placed  by 
each  plate ;  but  there  was  no  drinking  to  each  other 
at  dinner  ;  and  if  you  did  not  help  yourself  during 
the  time  it  lasted,  the  opportunity  would  be  lost, 
as  the  wine  vanished  with  the  eatables.  The  service 
of  porcelain  far  exceeds  in  beauty  whatever  of  that 
kind  I  have  beheld.  The  silver  plate  is  massive, 
and  decorated  with  eagles  in  curious  abundance  ; 
the  gold  service  appeared  with  the  dessert.  The 
entertainment  lasted  about  an  hour,  and  so  frequent 
were  the  questions  of  my  host  that,  from  the  per- 
plexity I  suffered  in  conjuring  up  answers  to  them, 
I  scarce  knew  what  I  ate  or  what  I  drank.  I  will 
endeavour  to  give  you  a  general  specimen  of  his 
convivial  inquiries. 

"Napoleon  asked:  'Have  you  visited  General 
Gourgon  ? '  '  Yes,  General.  I  came  to  Longwood 
for  that  purpose.'  —  '  How  have  you  found 
him?  "Extremely  ill.'— '  What  is  his  disorder?' 
'  Dysentery.'  —  '  Where  is  its  seat?'  'In  the 
intestines.' — '  What  has  been  the  cause  ? '  '  Heat 
of  climate  on  a  constitution  peculiarly  predis- 
posed  Had  he  been  bled  in  the  first  instance, 

it  is  probable  that  the  disease  would  have  been  less 
violent.' — 'What  remedy  is  now  proposed?'  'It 
will  be  necessary  to  have  recourse  to  mercury.'— 
'  That  is  a  bad  medicine  ? '  '  Experience  has  taught 
me  the  contrary.' — 'Did  Hippocrates  use  it?'  'I 
believe  not.'—'  Yet  he  is  considered  as  among  the 
first  physicians.  Does  not  Nature  endeavour  to 
expel  morbific  matter,  and  may  not  the  present 
painful  struggles  be  an  effort  of  Nature  to  rid  her- 
self of  what  is  obnoxious ? '  'I  have  been  taught  to 
assist  Nature.'  —  '  Could  you  not  do  so  without 
having  recourse  to  this  dangerous  mineral  ? '  '  Ex- 
perience has  taught  me  that  mercury  is  infallible.' 
J—t  Then  go  on  with  your  mercury.' " 

The  General's  disorder  assumed  a  very 
dangerous  appearance,  and  the  symptoms 
seemed  to  indicate  a  fatal  termination ; 
his  spirits  were  so  sunk  that  he  refused  to 
take  the  only  medicine  that  promised  the 
least  chance  of  relief. 

"  '  What  ridiculous  behaviour  is  this,'  said  Napo- 
leon to  him,  '  and  what  are  these  silly  fears  of  your 

own  creation  ? How  often  have  you  faced  Death 

in  the  field  of  battle  without  the  least  sensation  of 
fear !  and  now  you  are  resolved  to  yield  to  his 
power.  What  a  childish  obstinacy  !  Play  the  fool 
no  longer,  I  beg  of  you,  but  submit  to  the  remedies 
with  cheerfulness.'  This  reproach  softened  the 
patient's  obstinacy;  he  became  submissive  to  the 
regimen  prescribed,  and  recovered." 

Some  six  weeks  elapsed  before  Mr.  Warden 
again  visited  Longwood.  Las  Cases  met 
him,  and  said  that  his  master  had  expressed 
surprise  at  his  absence.  "We  have  not 
seen  you  since  your  resuscitation  of  General 
Gourgon.  I  wish  very  much  to  consult 
you  about  the  health  of  my  son."  This 


led  Mr.  Warden  to  obtain  a  passport,  and 
his  interviews  and  conversations  with  Napo- 
leon were  frequent.  On  one  occasion,  having 
been  invited  to  breakfast,  he  says  : — 

"  On  entering  the  room  I  observed  the  back  of  a 
sofa  turned  towards  me,  and  on  advancing  I  saw 
Napoleon  lying  at  full  length  on  it.  The  moment 
his  eye  met  mine  he  exclaimed  in  English,  in  a  tone 
of  good-humoured  vivacity,  'Ah,  Warden,  how  do 
you  do?'  He  stretched  out  his  hand,  saying,  'I 
have  got  a  fever.'  I  immediately  applied  my  hand 
to  the  wrist,  and  observing  both  from  the  regularity 
of  the  pulsation  and  the  jocular  expression  of  his 
countenance  that  he  was  exercising  a  little  of  his 
pleasantry,  I  expressed  my  wish  that  his  health 
may  always  remain  the  same.  '  I  certainly  enjoy/ 
he  said,  'a  very  good  state  of  health,  which  I 
attribute  to  a  rigorous  observance  of  regimen.  My 
appetite  is  such  that  I  feel  as  if  I  could  eat  at  any 
time  of  the  day ;  but  I  am  regular  in  my  meals,  and 
always  leave  off  eating  with  an  appetite  ;  besides, 
as  you  know,  I  never  drink  strong  wines.' " 

The  conversation  was  prolonged,  and 
branched  off  into  a  variety  of  subjects. 
He  asked  the  doctor  if  he  remembered  the 
history  of  Capt.  Wright.  He  answered, 
"  Perfectly  well ;  and  it  is  a  prevalent 
opinion  in  England  that  you  ordered  him 
to  be  murdered  in  the  Temple."  Napoleon 
emphatically  denied  this,  and  concluded  a 
long  speech  by  most  solemnly  asserting 
that  Capt.  Wright  died  in  the  Temple,  by 
his  own  hand,  as  described  in  the  Moniteur, 
and  at  a  much  earlier  period  than  has 
generally  been  believed.  His  assertion,  he- 
said,  was  founded  on  documents  which  he 
had  examined. 

Now,  to  the  surgeon's  utter  astonishment, 
he  turned  to  the  subject  of  the  Duke  d'En- 
ghien's  death.  He  became  very  animated. 
He  began  as  follows  : — 

"  At  this  eventful  period  of  my  life  I  had  suc- 
ceeded in  restoring  order  and  tranquillity  to  a  king- 
dom torn  asunder  by  faction  and  deluged  in  blood. 
That  nation  had  placed  me  at  their  head.  I  came 
riot  as  your  Cromwell  did,  or  your  third  Richard. 
No  such  thing.  I  found  a  crown  in  the  kennel :  I 
cleansed  it  from  its  filth,  and  placed  it  on  my 
head." 

He  referred  to  a  plot  against  him,  the 
object  of  which,  he  said,  was  to  destroy  him. 

"  It  emanated  from  the  capital  of  your  country, 
with  the  Count  d'Artois  at  the  head  of  it.  To  the 
west  he  sent  the  Duke  de  Berri,  and  to  the  east  the 

Duke  d'Enghien The  moment  was  big  with  evil, 

and  I  felt  myself  on  a  tottering  eminence,  and  I 
resolved  to  hurl  the  thunder  back  on  the  Bourbons, 
even  in  the  metropolis  of  the  British  Empire." 
He  went  on  to  say  that  the  Duke  d'Enghien 
was  accessory  to  the  confederacy,  and  al- 
though the  resident  of  a  neutral  territory, 
the  urgency  of  the  case,  his  own  safety, 
and  the  public  tranquillity,  justified  the 
proceeding.  He  accordingly  ordered  the 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  im. 


Duke  to  be  seized  and  tried,  found  guilty, 
:and  sentenced  to  be  shot.  The  sentence 
-was  immediately  executed.  "  And,"  said  he, 

"the  same  fate  would  have  followed  had  it  been 
Louis  the  Eighteenth,  for  I  again  declare  that  I  found 
it  necessary  to  roll  the  thunder  back  on  the  metro- 
polis of  England,  as  from  thence,  with  the  Count 
•d'Artois  at  their  head,  did  the  assassins  assail  me." 

Mr.  Warden  replied  that  he  did  not  believe 
that  any  person  would  be  found  in  England 
who  would  attempt  to  justify  the  precipitate 
manner  in  which  the  young  prince  was 
seized,  tried,  sentenced,  and  shot.  The 
Emperor  replied  that  he  was  justified  in  his 
-own  mind  ;  at  the  same  time  he  solemnly 
.affirmed  that  no  message  or  letter  from  the 
Duke  reached  him  after  the  sentence  of 
•death  had  been  passed. 

Talleyrand,  however,  was  said  to  be  in 
possession  of  a  letter  from  the  royal  prisoner 
.addressed  to  Napoleon.  Mr.  Warden  saw 
.a  copy  of  this  letter  in  the  hands  of  Las 
•Cases.  The  object  of  the  letter  was  to  beg 
the  writer's  life.  In  it  he  stated  that  in  his 
opinion  the  Bourbon  dynasty  was  terminated, 
that  the  crown  was  no  longer  in  his  view, 
and  he  requested  to  be  allowed  to  live  and 
•devote  his  life  and  services  to  France, 
merely  as  a  native  of  it.  Talleyrand  took 
care  not  to  deliver  it  till  the  hand  that  wrote 
it  was  unnerved  by  death. 

The  remainder  of  the  volume  is  made  up 
of  various  interesting  conversations  with 
Napoleon,  mainly  on  the  subject  of  health 
.and  disease,  until  the  departure  of  our 
•surgeon  from  the  island. 

The  Newcastle  and  Orontes  were  seen 
from  the  heights  of  St.  Helena  on  the  morn- 
ing of  June  19th,  and  Warden's  delight 
•could  not  easily  be  expressed.  He  bent 
his  steps  to  Long  wood,  where  he  arrived 
about  ten  in  the  morning,  and  Napoleon 
requested  him  to  breakfast  with  him. 

"On  my  appearing  he  said,  'You  are  come  to 
take  leave  of  us ? '  'I  am  come  up,  General,  with 
that  intention.' — '  You  will  breakfast,  then,'  point- 
ing to  a  chair.  '  Have  you  had  letters  from  your 
friends?'  '  No,  sir,  the  ships  cannot  reach  the  bay 
before  evening.' — 'Is  the  Admiral  known?'  'Yes, 
he  is  Admiral  Malcom.' — '  Are  you  glad  to  return 
to  England  ? '  '  Very  glad  indeed.'  " 
A  long  conversation  followed  on  various 
subjects,  mostly  with  reference  to  what 
the  English  press  had  said  about  Napoleon. 
'This  was  the  last  visit  Warden  paid  to 
the  Emperor,  and  when  he  took  leave  of 
him,  Napoleon  rose  from  his  chair  and  said  : 
"  I  wish  you  health  and  happiness,  and  a 
safe  voyage  to  your  country,  where  I  hope 
you  will  find  your  friends  in  health  and  ready 
to  receive  you."  EDWARD  MARSTON. 


SHAKESPEARIAN  A. 

'  2  HENRY  IV.,'  I.  ii.  45.—"  Falstaff. 
And  if  a  man  is  through  with  them  in 
honest  taking-up,  then  they  must  stand 
upon  security."  A.  Schmidt  in  his  '  Shake- 
speare Lexicon'  explains  this  passage, 
s.v.  "  through,"  as  follows  :  "  if  a  man  does 
his  utmost  in  borrowing,  or  rather  if  a  man 
condescends  to  borrow,  in  an  honourable 
manner."  But  these  are  two  different 
explanations  in  one  breath,  and  the  rather 
shows  the  commentator's  embarrassment. 
Deighton,  in  his  edition  of  the  play,  has  : 
"  through,  i.e.  thorough  .(which  Pope  sub- 
stituted), downright,  not  standing  upon 
petty  economies";  but  I  fail  to  see  how  a 
borrower  can  be  economical,  pettily  or  other- 
wise. G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

*  ROMEO  AND  JULIET,'  II.  ii.  :  "  TASSEL- 
GENTLE." — In  illustration  of  Juliet's  ex- 
clamation, 

O,  for  a  falconer's  voice 
.To  lure  this  tassel-gentle  back  again  ! 

there  may  be  quoted  the  entry  in  the  records 
of  the  dissolved  Corporation  of  Orford 
(Suffolk)  under  date  27  Jan.,  1606,  noting 
that  a  "  tassell  jentle "  of  Sir  Anthony 
Felton,  Kt.,  had  been  lost  on  14  January, 
and  been  cried  by  the  Crier  (Historical  MSS. 
Commission,  '  Report  on  MSS.  in  Various 
Collections,'  vol.  iv.  p.  267). 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

'  MACBETH,'  II.  iii.  5. — I  see,  in  the  foot- 
note on  this  passage  in  the  '  Cambridge 
Shakespeare,'  that  an  anonymous  critic 
has  suggested  that  we  should  read  "  Come 
in,  farmer,"  instead  of  "  Come  in  time," 
and,  as  this  is  the  style  in  which  Shakespeare 
makes  the  Porter  address  the  next  two 
comers  to  hell-gate,  saying  to  the  equivo- 
cator,  "  Come  in,  equivocator,"  and  to  the 
tailor,  "  Come  in,  tailor,"  we  should  certainly 
have  expected  him  to  say  to  the  farmer  also, 
"Come  in,  farmer"  ;  but  to  suppose  that 
a  transcriber,  who  had  no  difficulty  whatever 
in  setting  down  the  very  common  word 
farmer"  on  its  first  occurrence  in  the 
text,  should,  on  its  reappearance  imme- 
diately afterwards,  have  made  such  a  blunder 
as  to  set  down  "  time"  in  lieu  of  it,  would 
be  to  draw  too  largely  on  the  reader's 
redulity.  I  conclude,  then,  that  the  ori- 
ginal reading  was  not  "  farmer,"  but  some 
other  word  less  common,  which  the  tran- 
scriber failed  to  recognize,  and  for  which 
he  substituted  "  time,"  the  nearest  word 
known  to  him  that  agreed  with  the  ductus 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


165 


Uterarum.  What  was  that  word  ?  I  con- 
ceive that  Shakespeare,  instead  of  repeating 
"  farmer,"  made  use  of  a  word  which  was 
equivalent  to  it ;  that  word  was  "  yeoman," 
commonly  spelt  "  yeman."  The  y  was 
turned  upside  down,  or  otherwise  badly 
formed,  so  as  to  look  like  t,  and  "  teman  " 
was  much  more  likely  to  be  taken  for 
"time"  (Anglo-Saxon  tima)  than  for  "ye- 
man," "  yeoman,"  which  I  contend  that 
Shakspeare  wrote.  PHILIP  PEERING. 

7,  Lyridhurst  Road,  Exeter. 

1  HAMLET,'  I.  ii.  150 :  "  A  BEAST,  THAT 
WANTS  DISCOURSE  OF  REASON." — Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  uses  the  phrase  "  discourse  of 
reason,"  but  he  also  uses  it  in  the  precise 
terms  of  Hamlet  ('  History  of  the  World/ 
Part  I.  Book  II.  chap.  iv.  sect,  viii.)  : — 

"It  is  true,  that  all  the  creatures  of  God  were 
directed  by  some  kind  of  unwritten  Law;  the 
Angels  intuitively ;  Men,  by  Reason ;  Beasts  by 
sense  and  instinct,  without  discourse,"  &c. 

CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 
New  York. 

4  ANTONY  AND  CLEOPATRA,'  I.  iii.  6-12  : — 

Char.  Madam,  me  thinkes  if  you  did  loue  him 

deerly, 

You  do  not  hold  the  method,  to  enforce 
The  like  from  him. 

Clto.  What  should  I  do,  I  do  not? 

Cfi.  In  each  thing  giue  him  way,  crosse  him  in 
nothing. 

Clto.  Thou  teachest  like  a  foole  :  the  way  to  lose 
him. 

Char.  Tempt  him  not  so  too  farre.    I  wish  for- 
bear e, 
In  time  we  hate  that  which  we  often  feare. 

The  '  New  Variorum  Edition '  gives  the 
following  comment  on  "  wish  forbeare  "  : — 

"Staunton,  'That  is,  I  commend  forbearance.' 
Keightley  ('Exp.'  311),  '"Wish"  here  signifies 
recommend,  advise.  I  think  we  should  read  "  wish 
you"  [so  reads  Keightley's  text],  as  it  is  always 
followed  by  its  object  when  used  in  this  sense.' 
John  Hunter,  'Forbear  is  my  wish.  The  verb 
"  forbear"  is  here  in  the  imperative  mood.'  Deigh- 
ton,  'An  elliptical  expression  for  "  I  should  like  to 
see  you  forbear  to  try  him  so  far." '  To  the  fore- 
going may  be  added :  Chase  (Arden  edition), 
'  Prithee,  forbear.  Nicholson  needlessly  proposes 
th&  wish  or  your  ivish.' " 

Furness,  in  referring  to  the  comment 
which  he  quotes,  says  :  "  The  paraphrases 
just  given  are  all  of  them  obvious,  but  none 
of  them  supplies  the  strength  which  the 
weak  expression  '  I  wish,  forbear,'  lacks." 
He  thinks  that  Nicholson's  conjecture, 
"  the  wish  forbear,"  "  is  plausible,  and  is 
certainly  stronger  than  the  weak  '  I  wish.' 
It  is  better  than  his  alternative  conjecture, 
'  your  wish,  forbear.'  "  While  concluding 
that  **  weakness  is,  however,  no  sufficient 


ground  for  disturbing  the  text,"  Furness:- 
goes  on  record  as  not  being  satisfied  with 
the  Folio  text  in  the  following  words  :  "It 
is  this  weakness,  this  childishness,  almost 
infantile,  which  renders  the  words  suspicious,, 
so  it  seems  to  me."  » 

My  belief  that  the  text  is  corrupt  receives 
confirmation  from  the  foregoing.  This  is 
doubtless  another  of  the  many  instances 
where  the  compositor  made  a  mistake 
through  a  mishearing.  On  p.  viii  of  the 
preface  Dr.  Furness  gives  a  list  of  errors 
in  the  present  play  due  to  the  practice  of" 
reading  the  copy  aloud  to  the  compositor,, 
the  admitted  errors  being  some  seventeen 
in  number.  The  context  calls  for  something 
different  from  "I  wish"  or  the  meaning 
assigned  to  it.  "  Tempt  him  not  BO  too 
far  "  and  "  In  time  we  hate  that  which  we 
often  fear"  indicate  something  very  dis- 
agreeable, which  Charmian  cautions  her 
mistress  to  avoid.  Instead  of  "I  wishr 
forbear,"  read  "  shrewish,  forbear  " — "  for- 
bear to  be  shrewish."  The  line  reads- 
smoothly  with  the  proposed  change  when 
we  consider  the  necessary  pause  and  the- 
fact  that  "  far  "  is  a  long  syllable. 

E.  MERTON  DEY. 

St.  Louis. 

'  CYMBELLNE,'  III.  iii.  29-35  : — 

Haply  this  life  is  best, 
It  quiet  life  be  best ;  sweeter  to  you 
That  have  a  sharper  known  ;  well  corresponding" 
With  your  stiff  age  :  but  unto  us  it  is 
A  cell  of  ignorance ;  travelling  a-bed  ; 
A  prison  for  a  debtor,  that  not  dares 
To  stride  a  limit. 

There  are  several  notes  on  this  passage,. 
Howe  changed  "  travailing  "  to  "  travelling" 
— which  may  or  may  not  change  the  sense  ; 
Pope  made  the  correction  "for"  in  place 
of  "  or."  But  the  phrase  which  I  find 
obscure  seems  to  have  elicited  no  comment. 

What  "travelling  a-bed"  means  I  can 
form  no  idea.  It  has  been  suggested,  that 
with  the  original  spelling,  "  travailing," 
it  might  be  equivalent  to  suffering  in  bed,, 
but  this  hardly  seems  satisfactory.  ~~t| 

Tentatively  I  suggest  this  reading,  follow- 
ing the  punctuation  of  the  First  Folio  : — 

Haply  this  life  is  best, 
(If  quiet  life  be  best)  sweeter  to  you 
That  have  a  sharper  known,  well  corresponding 
With  your  stiff  age  ;  but  unto  us  it  is 
A  cell  of  ignorance  :  travelling  forbid,  [it  is] 
A  prison  for  a  debtor,  that  dares  not 
To  stride  a  limit. 

The  young  princes,  forbidden  to  travel,, 
were  in  the  position  of  a  debtor  who  is  not- 
permitted  to  cross  certain  bounds. 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  im 


If  any  explanation  of  the  present  reading 
can  be  offered,  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  of  it. 

ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 
Wallingford,  Pennsylvania. 

*  VENUS  AND  ADONIS  '  :  "  Lo,  HEBE  THE 
•GENTLE  LARK"  (10  S.  v.  465;  ix.  505). — 
There  is  surely  no  reason  whatever  why 
Shakespeare  should  not  have  called  the 
lark  "  gentle  "  if  he  felt  disposed  to  do  so. 
Perhaps  the  bird  is  not  essentially  more 
entitled  to  the  epithet  than  other  denizens 
of  the  grove  and  the  field  ;  but  by  com- 
parison with  persistent  marauders  like  the 
thrush  and  the  blackbird  and  certain  finches, 
and  with  such  a  pugnacious  rascal  as  cock 
robin,  it  is  conspicuous  in  gentleness  and 
charm.  To  the  Ettrick  Shepherd,  a  man 
used  to  the  open  air  and  a  capable  and 
discriminating  observer,  the  lark  seemed 
"  blithesome  and  cumberless,"  the  latter 
term  (of  which  lexicographers  are  shy) 
indicating  the  poet's  conviction  that  the 
winsome  songster  is  not  cumbersome  or 
troublesome,  but  noticeably  gentle.  It 
does  no  harm,  as  some  of  its  fellows  do, 
in  the  meadows  or  the  cornfields  within 
which  it  constructs  and  cherishes  its  ' '  watery 
nest "  ;  and  when  it  rises  in  its  tuneful 
flight  towards  heaven's  gate,  its  graceful 
and  fascinating  movement  is  gentleness 
itself.  Shelley  gave  adequate  expression, 
once  for  all,  to  the  floating  and  running 
of  this  wonderful  ascent  when  he  said  that 
the  lark,  in  compassing  its  tour,  was  "  like 
an  unbodied  joy  whose  race  is  just  begun." 
Sweetness,  uplifting  rapture,  infinite  gentle- 
ness, are  all  suggested  by  the  terms  of  this 
appropriate  description.  Moreover,  the  bird 
is  deservedly  called  gentle  because  of  its 
apparent  nobility  of  nature  and  conduct. 
Like  Chaucer's  very  perfect  gentle  knight, 
at  is  the  embodiment  of  fidelity  and  un- 
swerving devotion  to  the  call  of  duty. 
Jeremy  Taylor  perceived  this  when  he 
utilized  the  ardent  persistence  of  the 
warbler  as  an  incentive  to  those  who  were 
disposed  to  be  hopeless  regarding  the  efficacy 
of  prayer.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

I  think  we  must  rest  content  that  the 
metre  is  good  and  the  word  "  gentle " 
•euphonious,  without  pressing  any  special 
meaning  into  it.  Venus  and  Adonis  '  is 
one  of  the  poet's  earlier  works,  and  we 
•can  hardly  expect  to  find  here  that  concen- 
tration of  thought  and  purpose  which  is 
evident  at  a  later  period.  Something  must 
be  ^allowed  for  development,  training,  ex- 
perience. If  the  early  works  are  to  be  con- 
sidered perfect  in  all  their  parts,  what  are 


we  to  expect  of  the  later  ones  ?  The  diction 
of  the  earlier  works  is  admittedly  more 
elaborate  in  relation  to  thought  than  that 
of  the  later.  As  Prof.  Dowden  says  : — 

"  In  the  earliest  plays  the  language  is  sometimes 
as  it  were  a  dress  put  upon  the  thought — a  dress 
ornamented  with  superfluous  care ;  the  idea  is  at 
times  hardly  sufficient  to  fill  out  the  language  in 
which  it  is  put,"  &c. 

Later,  as  the  brain  developes,  experience 
accumulates,  and  judgment  ripens  ;  the 
process  is  reversed,  and  the  thought  is  in 
excess  of  the  diction.  Here,  indeed,  we 
may  look  for  a  special  meaning  in  every 
word,  and  ideas  unexpressed,  or  only  hinted 
at,  by  words  ;  but  hardly  in  so  early  a  poem  as 
*  Venus  and  Adonis.'  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 
8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

"  Gentle  "  is  here  predicated  of  the  lark, 
I  think,  on  account  of  that  bird's  vocal 
skill :  it  was  the  rippling,  resonant,  and 
sustained  notes  of  his  song  that  roused 
Venus  from  her  depression,  and  restored  her 
to  the  realities  of  life.  This  seems,  at  any 
rate,  to  have  been  the  view  of  Shelley  in  his 
immortal  ode. 

The  epithet  is  certainly  used  advisedly  by 
Shakespeare,  and  is  no  mere  sounding  brass 
or  tinkling  cymbal,  as  Lucis  would  have  us 
believe.  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

*  MACBETH,'  III.  iv.  105  :  "  IF  TREMBLING 
I  INHABIT  "  (10  S.  ix.  263,  506).— The  reading 
of  the  First  Folio  and  of  most  modern 
editions  is  "If  trembling  I  inhabit  then," 
with  the  comma  after  "  then."  The  mean- 
ing suggested  by  MR.  TOM  JONES  would 
require  a  different  punctuation,  thus  :  "If, 
trembling,  I  inhabit,  then,"  &c.  ;  but  it 
appears  to  me  strained  and  artificial,  and  the 
alteration  unnecessary.  I  could  never  see 
the  difficulty  in  the  passage  which  induced 
Pope  and  Theobald  to  substitute  "  inhibit  " 
(which  seems  to  me  nonsense),  and  some  one 
else  "  inherit,"  which  is  not  much  better. 
In  the  first  place,  "  trembling  "  is  not  an 
adjective,  but  a  noun.  If  parallels  are  re- 
quired, I  would  refer  to  Falstaff's  "  a  kind  of 
sleeping  in  the  blood,  a  whoreson  tingling.''' 
"  Inhabit,"  too,  is  used  as  a  transitive 
verb,  in  its  ordinary  meaning,  to  "  live  in." 
If  we  may  be  said  to  "  live  in  fear,"  we  may, 
with  equal  correctness,  be  said  to  "  live 
in  trembling,"  when  the  latter  word  is  used 
as  a  noun.  "  If  trembling  I  inhabit  then  " 
is  simply  "  If  I  still  live  in  fear  (or  trembling) 
then  (i.e.,  when  Ban  quo  has  dared  him  to 
the  desert  with  his  sword),  protest  me  | 
The  baby  of  a  girl."  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


167 


'MEASURE  FOB  MEASURE,'  III.  i.  261-3 
(10  S.  x.  63). — In  Scotland  the  word  scaling 
is  used  for  the  departure  of  the  congregation 
after  divine  service,  i.e.,  "  the  kirk  skailing," 
"  the  bairns  skailing  from  school." 

NORTH  MIDLAND. 


CHESHIRE  THE  HANGMAN.  (See  10  S.  viii. 
246.) — In  contemporary  accounts  this  indi- 
vidual is  sometimes  called  John  and  some- 
times Thomas,  but  the  latter  name  seems  to 
occur  more  frequently.  Apparently,  he 
began  to  be  employed  as  assistant  execu- 
tioner about  1814.  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

REGIMENTAL  MARCHES  OF  THE  BRITISH 
ARMY. — The  following  short  list  may  lead  to 
the  compilation  of  a  full  one.  I  do  not 
vouch  for  its  correctness. 

•3rd  Dragoon  Guards. — '  God  bless  the  Prince  of 
Wales.' 


Scots  Greys.—'  The  Garb  of  Old  Gaul.' 

5th  Lancers  (Royal  Welsh) — '  The  Harp  that  onoo 

through  Tara's  Hall.' 

6th  Dragoons  (Enniskillens).— '  St.  Patrick's  Day.' 
8th  Hussars  (Royal  Irish).— Ditto. 
10th  Hussars  (Prince  of  Wales's).— '  God  bless  the 

Prince  of  Wales.' 
12th  Lancers  (ditto).— Ditto. 

Scots  Guards. — '  Highland  Laddie.' 
Grenadier  Guards.—'  The  British  Grenadiers.' 


Lothian  Regiment   (Royal    Scots).— *  Dumbarton's 

Drums.' 

Liverpool  Regiment. — '  Here's  to  the  Maiden.' 
Norfolk  Regiment. — '  Rule,  Britannia.' 
Lincolnshire     Regiment.    —    '  The     Lincolnshire 

Poacher.' 

"Suffolk  Regiment. — '  Speed  the  Plough.' 
West  Yorkshire  Regiment. —  'Calra.' 
Royal  Irish  Regiment. — 'Garry    Owen.' 
Royal  Welch  Fusiliers. — 'March  of   the  Men  of 

Harlech.' 

South  Wales  Borderers. — Ditto. 
King's  Own  Scottish   Borderers. — '  Blue   Bonnets 

over  the  Border.' 
East  Surrey  Regiment. — 'A  Southerly  Wind  and  a 

Cloudy  Sky/ 

Border  Regiment.—'  D'  ye  ken  John  Peel  ?' 
Welsh  Regiment. — '  Ap  Shenkin.' 
Derbyshire  Regiment. — '  The  Young  May  Moon.' 
King's  Royal  Rifles. — '  The  Huntsmen's  Chorus.' 
Connaught  Rangers. — '  St.  Patrick's  Day.' 
Rifle  Brigade. -'I'm  Ninety-Five'  (see  10  S.  ix, 

393). 

Hoyal  Artillery. — 'The  British  Grenadiers.' 
Royal  Engineers. — Ditto. 
Royal    Marines. — '  Hearts    of    Oak,'   and    '  Rule 

Britannia.' 
Hoyal  Marine  Artillery. — 'A  Life  on  the  Ooean 

Wave.' 
Naval  Brigade. — Ditto. 

^*The  South  Lancashire  Regiment  and  other 
Prince  of  Wales's  regiments  play  '  God  bless 


he  Prince  of  Wales.'  The  North  Stafford- 
hires  are  an  exception,  having  a  march 
>f  which  I  know  the  air,  but  not  the  name. 
All  the  Highland  regiments  play  '  Highland 
Caddie '  (save  the  Cameronians,  who  use 
Twas  within  a  Mile  of  Edinburgh  Town  ' )  ; 
and  all  the  Fusiliers  march  to  '  The  British 
Grenadiers.'  P.  LTTCAS. 

[Messrs.  Boosey  publish  as  No.  138  of  their 
'  Cavendish  Music  Books  "  '  Regimental  Marches 
>f  Infantry,'  containing  58  marches  arranged  for  the 
piano,  with  the  names  of  the  regiments  using  them. 
STo.  48  is  the  King's  Royal  Rifles,  and  the  march 
nven  is  as  in  MR.  LUCAS'S  list,  the  '  Huntsmen's 
Chorus ' ;  but  we  are  informed  that  this  has  been 
recently  replaced  by  '  Lutzow's  Wild  Hunt.'  Corre- 
spondents are  invited  to  supplement  (not  repeat) 
\Iessrs.  Boosey's  list.] 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SHERIFFS  OF  LONDON. — I  am  wanting  the 
dates  of  death  of  the  following  Sheriffs, 
and  should  be  much  obliged  to  any  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  would  kindly  supply  in 
any  case  the  actual  date  of  death,  a  reference 
to  the  will,  or  the  place  of  burial.  The  date 
is  that  of  the  year  of  office. 

James  Phillips,  1653-4. 

Tempest  Milner,  1656-7. 

Sir  Charles  Doe,  1664  5. 

Dannet  Forth,  1670-71. 

Samuel  Shute,  1681-2. 

Sir  John  Sweetapple  and  Sir  William  Cole, 
1694-5. 

Sir  Edward  Wills,  1695-6. 

Sir  John  Torriano,  1754-5. 

James  Dandridge  and  Alexander  Master,  1758-9. 

Benjamin  Cole,  1782-3. 

John  Blackball,  1799-1800. 

Joseph  Leigh  and  John  Reay,  1814-15. 

Robert  Kirby,  1816-17. 

John  Roberts  and  Lawrence  Gwynne,  LL.D., 
1818-19. 

George  Appleton  Wallis,  1853-4. 

Frederick  Keats,  1856-7. 

Hugh  Jones,  1862-3. 

ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 

ALDERMEN  OF  LONDON. — I  am  also 
wanting  the  date  of  death  of  three  Aldermen 
who  were  not  Sheriffs  : — 

Sir  Thomas  Griffiths  (Aldersgate). 

William  Mart  (Vintry). 

William  Ivatt  (Langbourn). 
These  held  office  as  Aldermen  in  1687. 

ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 

Leamington. 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29, im 


PHARMACOPOEIA. — I  wish  for  particulars 
of  an  incomplete  pharmacopoeia.  Date, 
probably  middle  of  last  century.  Size, 
12mo.  Has  more  than  214  pp.  English 
translation  follows  Latin,  word  for  word, 
e.g.,  "  Recipe  take  quatuor  four  uncias 
ounces  Strobilorum  of  the  Strobiles  Humuli 
of  the  Hop,"  &c. 

CUTHBEBT  E.  A.  CLAYTON, 

Librarian. 
Medical  Society,  University  of  Manchester. 

BUXTON. — A  quotation  from  an  old 
writer  about  the  antiquities  of  Buxton  (spelt 
Buckstone)  appeared  in  one  of  the  newspapers 
on  or  about  the  8th  of  August.  I  should  be 
much  obliged  if  any  one  could  give  me  the 
reference.  PEAKMAN. 

CALLIGRAPHY  :  F.  BILLIEUL  AND  CHAM- 
BON. — These  artists  are  severally  given  as 
the  engravers  of  two  of  the  pages  in  an  old 
copy-book,  the  matter  of  the  copies  being 
in  Italian.  I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  its  date 
and  any  particulars  of  these  engravers. 

X  YLO  GRAPHER. 

CORBET =VALLETORT. — In  Boase's  '  Col- 
lectanea Cornubiensia,'  p.  1130,  is  given  a 
pedigree  of  the  Valletorts.  This  says  that 
Peter  Corbet  married  Isabel  or  Beatrice 
de  Valletort.  I  should  like  to  know  what 
are  the  authorities  for  this  statement. 
Who  was  Isabella,  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Corbet  ?  Both  of  them  were  living  in  1262. 
GREGORY  GRUSELIER. 

NORMAN  -  FRENCH  DEED  TEMP.  ED- 
WARD III. — Amongst  many  old  family 
deeds  in  my  possession  of  the  time  of 
Henry  II.,  Henry  III.,  Edward  III., 
Richard  II.,  &c.,  is  one  of  5  Edw.  III.  (1331). 
It  is  written  in  old  Norman  French,  and 
there  occur  words  for  which  I  seek  transla- 
tion :  — 

1.  "  Le  Wast  du  Roi." 

2.  "  Feste  de  la  Goule." 

3.  "  Ensuivant     apres      la     fesannees     de 
cestes." 

Can  any  one  help  me  to  a  reading  of  the 
words  in  italics  ?  CHARLES  SPURWAY. 

Spur  way,  Devon. 

[The  '  N.E.D.'  gives  gula  Augusti,  Lammas  Day, 
1  August,  as  the  eqiiivalent  of  the  Old  French 
goule.  Many  communications  on  gula  Augusti  will 
be  found  at  10  S.  v.  408,  499 ;  vi.  15,  72, 135 ;  vii.  257, 
313,  394  ;  viii.  35.] 

JOHN  CHAMBERLIN  or  RATCLIFFE-ON- 
SOAR. — Can  any  one  tell  me  to  what  branch 
of  the  Chamberlin  family  John  Chamberlin 
(1741-1815)  belonged  ?  He  lived  at  Red 


Hill,  Ratcliffe-on-Soar,  Notts,  and  owned 
land  at  Sutton  Bonington  and  also  in 
Leicestershire.  He  married  Ann  Hopkins, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Hopkins,  gent.,  of  Long 
Eaton,  co.  Derby,  18  April,  1766,  and  was 
High  Sheriff  for  Notts  in  1789.  The  late- 
Ellice  Hopkins  was  his  great-granddaughter. 
She  died  in  1904,  aged  69.  For  arms  John 
Chamberlin  used  for  his  seal  the  ancient 
coat  of  the  Chamberlins :  Gules,  within 
an  orle  of  eight  mullets  an  inescutcheon 
argent.  His  great-grandfather  Hugh  Cham- 
berlin died  at  Red  Hill,  Ratcliffe-on-Soar, 
in  1709,  aged  70. 

T.  CHAMBERLIN  TIMS. 
Little  Bourton,  near  Banbury. 

RUTHWELL  CROSS,   DUMFRIESSHIRE. The- 

late  Mr.  J.  Romilly  Allen  exhibited  on  7  Dec. 
1887,  to  the  British  Archaeological  Associa- 
tion four  photographs  of  this  cross,  and 
promised  a  paper  on  the  relic  thereafter. 
Was  this  ever  published  ?  if  so,  where  ? 
I  cannot  trace  it  in  the  Journal. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

AUTHORS     OF     QUOTATIONS    WANTED. — 
Where  can  I  find  the  ballad  beginning 
Upon  the  hills  of  Breedon 
My  love  and  I  were  sat. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

I  shall  be  grateful  to  any  reader  who  will 
tell  me  the  writer  of  the  following  lines  : — 
Whom  have  I  known  that  I  remember  best? 
Whom  do  I  feel  that  I  most  truly  loved? 
Who  fixed  his  image  never  to  be  moved 
From  the  clasp'd  cabinet  of  my  brain  and  breast r 

F.  C.  J. 

HOPPNER  AND  SIR  THOMAS  FRANKLAND' s- 
DAUGHTERS. — There  is  a  well-known  paint- 
ing by  Hoppner  called  '  The  Daughters  of 
Sir  Thomas  Frankland,'  although  it  is 
spoken  of  frequently  as  '  The  Sisters.' 
Sir  Thomas  Frankland  was  an  admiral 
who  married  in  1743,  and  became  the  father 
of  nineteen  children,  twelve  sons  and  seven 
daughters.  There  seems  to  be  considerable 
doubt  as  to  which  two  of  the  seven  girls, 
were  painted  and  engraved,  for  there  is  a 
famous  mezzotint  by  William  Ward  of  this, 
picture.  Has  any  light  been  let  in  lately 
on  this  dark  subject,  and  can  any  one  now 
say  which  of  these  young  ladies  figure  in 
this  picture  ?  One  of  the  daughters  of 
the  gallant  old  admiral,  Mary,  became  the- 
wife  of  the  celebrated  Sir  Boyle  Roche. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


KUGGE  OB  RUDGE  FAMILY. — This  very 
ancient  family  was  originally  seated  at 
Rudge  Hall,  near  Pattishall,  co.  Stafford, 
and  also  at  Seisdon. 

It  is  recorded  in  Blomefield's  '  Norfolk,' 
xi.  35,  that 

"William  de  Bugg  was  father  of  William,  under 
age  in  56  Hen.  III.  (1272) ;  and  Robert  Rugge  and 
Isabell  his  wife  conveyed  the  manor  of  Pickeford 
in  Shropshire  to  Sir  Nicholas  Burnel,  Kt.,  in 
49  Ed.  III.  (1376)." 

It  is  added  that  the  younger  branch,  as  it  is 
called,  came  into  Norfolk,  Nicholas  Rugg, 
second  son  of  John  Rugg  of  Rugg,  seating 
himself  in  that  county  in  49  Ed.  III. 

It  would  seem  as  if  the  pedigree  of  the 
Ruggs  or  Rugges  of  Norfolk  might  read  thus  : 
William  de  Rugg. 

William,  under  age  56  Hen.  III. 
John  Rugg  of  Rugg. 


?  1st  son,  Robert = Isabell       2nd  son,  Nicholas, 
Fines  Salop,  49  Ed.  III.,       settled  in  Norfolk 

No.  57).  49  Ed.  III. 

I  am  endeavouring  to  show  the  connexion, 
which  undoubtedly  existed,  between  the 
Ruggs  or  Rugges  of  Norfolk  and  the  Rugges 
of  Seisdon  (or  Seysdon),  apparently,  accord- 
ing to  Blomefield,  the  elder  branch. 

The  first  mention  I  have  found  of  the 
latter  is  in  Shaw's  '  Staffordshire,'  where 
John  de  Rugge  is  recorded  as  of  Seysdon, 
co.  Staffs,  living  there  4  Ed.  III.  (1330). 
May  he  have  been  an  elder  son  of  William 
de  Rugg,  and  brother  to  William  under  age 
56  Hen.  III.  (1272)  ? 

In  Harl.  Soc.  xxxii.  228 — '  Visitation  of 
Norfolk,  1563,  1589,  and  1613  '—there  is  a 
pedigree  of  Repps  (als.  Rugg  or  Rugge, 
Blomefield's  '  Norfolk,'  xi.  35)  commencing 
with  "  Robert  Repps,  descended  of  a 
younger  brother  of  Rugg  of  Salop,  lived 
2  Ed.  III."  (1328). 

May  not  2  Ed.  III.  (1328)  have  been  an 
error  for  2  Ed.  IV.  (1462)  ?  The  great- 
great-grandson  of  Robert  Repps,  William 
Rugg,  was  Bishop  of  Norwich  28  Hen.  VIII. 
(1536),  which,  if  the  former  date  were 
correct,  would  give  the  extraordinary  in- 
terval of  208  years  between  Robert  and  his 
great-great-grandson. 

If  Robert  Repps  lived  2  Ed.  IV.,  he  would 
appear  to  be  identical  with  Robert  Rugge 
living  2  Ed.  IV.,  great-great-grandson  of 
Nicholas  above  given,  the  descendants  of, 
and  arms  borne  by,  this  Robert  being 
identical  with  those  of  Robert  Repps,  alias 
Rugg  (see  Harl.  Soc.  xxxii.  228  and  Blome- 
field's '  Norfolk,'  xi.  35). 


Sir  William  Molyneux,  Kt.  (who  took 
two  standards  from  the  Scotch  with  his  own 
hands  at  the  battle  of  Flodden,  and  won  the 
Earl  of  Huntly's  arms,  and  died  1548), 
married  temp.  Hen.  VII.  Jane,  only 
daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Richard  Rugge, 
Kt.,  by  his  wife  Margaret  Moreton.  Is 
anything  known  of  the  pedigree  of  this  Sir 
Richard  Rugge  ?  He  may  have  been  a 
Rudge  of  Rudge,  co.  Salop,  as  the  arms  of 
that  family  appear  on  a  monument  in  the 
parish  church  of  Pattenham,  co.  Stafford, 
where  Jane  lies  buried. 

I  shall  be  most  grateful  for  any  assistance 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  render  me.  Com- 
munications direct  will  greatly  oblige. 

FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 
9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

'  BAAL  ;  OB,  SKETCHES  OF  SOCIAL  EVILS.* 
— Who  was  the  anonymous  author  of  this 
poem  "  in  ten  flights,"  published  by  William 
Freeman,  102,  Fleet  Street,  1861  ?  The 
principal  poem  occupies  210  pages,  twenty- 
four  minor  poems  making  the  volume  up 
to  a  total  of  299  pages.  W.  B.  H. 

"  VEBGEL."— This  Spanish  word  may 
mean  either  a  garden  or  an  orchard.  Has 
it  any  connexion  with  the  French  for 
orchard,  verger  ?  This,  according  to  Littre", 
is  derived  ultimately  from  the  Latin  viridis, 
green.  The  first  mention  he  gives  of  verger 
is  from  La  Fontaine.  Comtesse  Genlis 
speaks  of  "  le  verger  de  Charles  V.,"  which 
was  situated  on  the  site  of  the  present  Jardin 
des  Plantes  in  Paris.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

"  AS     THE     FARMER     SOWS     HIS     SEED." 

An  interesting  game,  which  I  have  in  years 
past  often  seen  children  playing  in  a  ring, 
had  no  name  except  "  As  the  Farmer.' 
As  usual,  the  players  were  mostly  little  girls 
— boys  beyond  five  or  six  years  "  shunt," 
as  they  say,  such  things.  They  formed 
a  ring,  and  "  went  through  motions "  in 
accordance  with  the  words,  partly  delivered 
in  a  sing-song  sort  of  way  : — 

As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed, 

So  he  stands  and  takes  his  heed  ; 

So  he  stands  and  claps  his  hands, 

Then  turns  him  round  to  view  the  land. 
As  they  sing  the  motion  of  sowing  seed  is 
shown  by  swinging  both  hands  right  and 
left ;  then  the  players  stand  hand  in  hand  ; 
their  hands  are  clapped  ;  next  each  child 
turns  round  to  view  the  land  ;  and  finally 
they  join  hands  and  romp  madly  round, 
singing  the  words  over  again. 

It  is  now  many  years  since  I  saw  children 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 


engaged  in  this  pastime,  and  longer  still 
since  I  romped  round  with  them.  I  am  not 
quite  sure  if  I  rightly  remember  the  words, 
and  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  anywhere 
children  still  engage  in  "  As  the  farmer  sows 
his  seed."  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

ARCHBISHOP  OF  DOVER. — In  a  charter 
of  confirmation  by  King  Canute  to  the 
monastery  at  Exeter,  Lyfing,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  signs  as  a  witness  thus : 
"  Ego  Lyvynge  Dovernensis  Basilice 
Primus,"  &c.  Was  it  customary  for  the 
early  archbishops  to  describe  themselves 
as  of  Dover  ?  and  if  so,  for  what  reason 
did  they  do  it  ?  GREGORY  GRUSELIER. 

CHRISTOPHER  THOMSON  was  ordained 
acolyte  at  Chester  in  June,  1557,  and  subse- 
quently received  Anglican  orders.  On  19 
March,  1569,  he  was  instituted  to  the  living 
of  Winwick  in  Lancashire,  on  the  presenta- 
tion of  the  Queen  ;  and  according  to  Baines's 
'  Lancashire  '  (iii.  622),  the  next  incumbent 
was  John  Coldwell,  instituted  7  Jan.,  1575, 
on  the  death  of  the  last.  This,  however, 
must  be  a  mistake.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  it  was  he,  now  described  as  of  London 
diocese,  who  was  at  the  English  College 
at  Douay  in  1576,  and  left  30  April  for 
Louvain,  whence  he  proceeded  to  England, 
and,  as  it  would  seem,  revisited  Lancashire. 
On  27  March,  1577,  he  returned  to  Douay, 
and  was  ordained  priest  on  Holy  Saturday, 
6  April,  at  Cambrai  by  the  Archbishop 
Mgr.  Louis  de  Berlaymont,  leaving  on  the 
following  24th  for  Louvain,  on  the  way  to 
England. 

These    visits    to    the    Continent    became 
known,    and    in    consequence    the    Earl    o: 
Derby  arrested  the  ex-parson  of  Winwicfe 
in  the  summer  of  1578  as  a  suspected  Papist 
and  put  him  into   gaol.     By  command  o: 
the    Privy    Council,    dated    23    August,    he 
was  sent  to  London  by  the  end  of  September 
and  on  or  about  the  3rd  of  November  waf 
committed     to     the     Marshalsea.     Thence 
towards  the  end  of  December,  1580,  he  was 
removed  to  the  Tower,  where  he  was  racke< 
on  3  Jan.,  1581  ('Douay  Diaries'  passim 
'  P.C.A.,'    N.S.,    x.    309,    370 ;     Simpson' 
'Campion,'  1896,  ed.,  pp.  261,  267).     Wit! 
nineteen  other  priests  and  a  layman  he  wa 
put  on  board  the  Mary  Martin  of  Colcheste 
at  Tower  Wharf  on  21  Jan.,   1585,  and  on 
2  February  was  landed  at  Boulogne  (Holins 
bed's   '  Chronicle,'    iv.   554-6).       Two  year 
later  he  was  in  Paris  (Strype,   '  Ann.,'  Ill 
ii.  599).     Is  anything  further  known  of  him 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


LLECHYLCHED,  ANGLESEY. — 1.  Is  any- 
tiing  known  of  the  dedication  of  the  old 
hurch  of  the  parish  of  Llechylched,  near 
Sryngwran,  Anglesey,  which  was  pulled 
.own  in  1842  ? 

2.  Is    there    any    published    account    of 
xcavations   undertaken   in   the   immediate 
leighbourhood    by    the    late    Mr.    Richard 
Bennett  of  Liverpool  among  some  of  the 
lut  circles  there. 

3.  What  evidence  is  there  to  show  that 
he  ancient  paved  road  that  passed  through 
he  parish  is  of  Roman  origin. 

4.  Was    there    a    saint    of    the    name    of 
^ylched;    or   is    the   parish   named  after  a 
itone  circle  ? 

5.  Has  the  well  near  the  site  of  the  old 
jhurch  any  traditional  name  or  legend  ? 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 
Grindleton,  Clitheroe. 

"  BUFF." — This  word  in  the  plural 
"bums")  is  used  in  Dunbar's  *  Twa 
Maryit  Wemen  and  the  Wedo  '  (line  186). 
The  earliest  reference  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  is 
of  the  next  century,  and  none  of  the  defini- 
:ions  make  me  quite  sure  that  they  fit. 
Will  PROF.  SKEAT  or  some  one  else  explain 
its  meaning  ?  FORREST  MORGAN. 

Hartford,  Conn. 


ATTORNEY-GENERAL  TO    THE 

QUEEN. 
(10  S.  x.  110.) 

IN  the  *  Encyclopaedia  of  the  Laws  of 
England,'  2nd  ed.,  vol.  i.  p.  626,  title,  'The 
Attorney-General  of  the  Queen  Consort,' 
is  the  following  : — 

"  The  Queen  Consort  is  in  law  a  public  person 
exempt  and  distinct  from  the  King.  She  may  sue 
and  be  sued  without  the  King  being  joined ;  but 
she  has  an  Attorney-General  in  whose  name  she 
sues  and  is  sued.  This  privilege  does  not  extend  to 
a  Queen  Dowager." 

The s  following  references  may  also  be 
useful : — 

"  The  Queen  Consort  is  a  subject,  though  privi- 
leged in  certain  ways She  has  her  separate 

officers  and  legal  advisers." — Alison's  'Law  and 
Custom  of  the  Constitution,'  vol.  ii.,  '  The  Crown,' 
p.  255. 

"Queen  Consort.— She  has  separate  courts 

and  officers  distinct  from  the  King's,  not  only  in 
matters  of  ceremony,  but  even  of  law  ;  and  her 
Attorney  and  Solicitor  General  are  entitled  to  a 
place  within  the  Bar  of  His  Majesty's  Courts 
together  with  the  King's  Counsel."  —  Wharton's 
'  Law  Lexicon,'  1902. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


171 


"  With  the  King's  Counsel  rank  the  Queen  Con- 
sort's Attorney-General  and  Solicitor-General." — 
'The  Laws  of  England'  (Lord  Halsbury),  vol.  ii., 
*  Barristers,'  'Precedence.' 

When  Caroline,  the  Princess  of  Wales, 
became  Queen  in  1820,  she  appointed 
Brougham  her  Attorney-General  and  Den- 
man  her  Solicitor-General.  I  do  not  know 
whether  Adelaide,  the  Queen  Consort  of 
William  IV.,  appointed  an  Attorney-General. 
Her  Majesty  Queen  Alexandra  has  not  ap- 
pointed an  Attorney-General.  She  could, 
however,  appoint  one  at  any  time  if  she 
should  think  it  desirable  to  do  so. 

HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

I  do  not  know  that  the  office  has  ever 
been  formally  abolished :  it  is  probably 
open  to  Queen  Alexandra  to  appoint  an 
Attorney-General  if  she  desires  to  do 
so.  Previous  queens  consort,  up  to  Queen 
Adelaide  inclusive,  have  employed  such  an 
officer.  The  following  is  perhaps  not  a 
complete  list  for  the  period  it  covers,  but 
may  be  useful  as  far  as  it  goes  : — 

To  Queen  Catherine  (of  Braganza). 
Hon.  William  Montagu. 
Sir  James  Butler. 

To  Queen  Maria  (of  Modena). 
1685.  Hon.  Roger  North. 

To  Queen  Mary  II. 
1689.  Thomas  Trevor. 

To  Queen  Caroline  (of  Anspach). 
1729.  Hon.  John  Verney. 

To  Queen  Charlotte. 
1761.  Richard  Hussey. 
1770.  John  Morton. 
1782.  Charles  Ambler. 
1794.  George  Hardinge. 
1816.  John  Vaughan. 

To  Queen  Caroline  (of  Brunswick'). 
1820.  Henry  Brougham. 

To  Queen  Adelaide. 
1830.  William  Home. 
1830.  John  Williams. 
1832.  William  Taddy. 
1845.  Henry  A.  Merewether. 

ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 
Leamington. 

OLD  ENGLISH  DRAMATISTS  (10  S.  ix.  301). 
— I  regret  to  say  that  I  find  that  some  of 
the  emendations  and  suggestions  on  the 
text  of  Elizabethan  dramatists  which  I  con- 
tributed to  the  above  reference  had  been 
previously  made  by  others — four  by  Prof. 
J.  Le  Gay  Brereton  of  Sydney  in  Englische 
Studien,  xxxiii.  231  ;  The  Modern  Lan- 
guage Review,  Oct.,  1907,  and  Anglia, 
Beibldtter,  xvii.  122 ;  and  one  (that  on 
'  James  IV.,'  I.  ii.)  by  Prof.  Churton  Collins 
in  his  edition  of  Greene. 

G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 


TOOTHACHE  (10  S.  x.  121).— W.  C.  B.'s 
note  on  toothache  is  well  worthy  of  attention. 
It  is  an  interesting,  though  an  acutely  pain- 
ful subject.  The  teeth  now  decay  at  a  much 
earlier  period  of  life  than  they  did  in  former 
days.  I  have  made  many  inquiries  as  to 
the  reason  of  this  change  in  human  habits, 
but  have  learnt  nothing  of  a  satisfactory 
nature.  Here  is  an  example,  however, 
of  the  fact  which  may  be  useful,  though  lack- 
ing interpretation. 

About  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  a  drain 
was  made  across  the  north  part  of  Bottesford 
Churchyard,  wherein  there  had  been  no 
interments  for  a  long  period — probably 
never  since  the  Reformation.  About  thirty 
skulls  were  dug  up  during  the  process.  By 
far  the  greater  part  of  these  possessed  perfect 
sets  of  teeth.  There  was  one  remarkably 
small  skull,  in  which,  though  every  tooth 
was  in  its  place,  and  every  one  of  them 
sound,  they  were  all  very  much  worn,  as 
if  the  food  eaten  for  long  years  had  been 
of  a  hard  quality.  I  and  others  who  exa- 
mined it  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
had  belonged  to  a  very  old  woman. 

Till  comparatively  recent  times  it  has  been 
the  custom  in  this  county,  and  I  believe 
elsewhere,  for  blacksmiths  to  draw  teeth. 
I  have  known  more  than  one  who  did  this, 
and  have  heard  of  several  others  ;  indeed, 
I  should  not  be  surprised  to  discover  that 
the  custom  is  not  yet  quite  extinct  in  the 
rural  districts.  For  a  long  period  profes- 
sional tooth-drawers  have  been  well  known 
in  cities  and  towns,  but  it  was  not  until 
travelling  became  swift  and  easy  that  they 
seem  to  have  penetrated  the  rural  districts. 
The  following  passage  appears  to  prove 
that  tooth-drawers  by  profession  were  in 
the  habit  of  wearing  scarves  decorated  with 
human  teeth  : — 

"  The  appointed  hour  for  the  operation  being 
come,  there  was  a  great  concourse  of  those  Licen- 
tiates, who  are  distinguish'd  from  other  Doctors 
by  shoulder-belts  inlaid  with  the  Spoils  of  the 
humane  Gums." — '  Account  of  the  Last  Distemper 
of  Tom  Whig,  Esq.,'  1710,  Part  I.  p.  14. 

In  Jean  Baptiste  Thiers's  '  Traite  des 
Superstitions  qui  regardent  les  Sacremens,' 
4th  ed.,  1777,  there  are  many  instances  of 
toothache  folk-lore.  I  have  noted  the  follow- 
ing :  vol.  i.  326,  329,  340,  361  ;  iii.  19. 

In  Lancashire  a  fragment  of  a  gibbet- 
post  was  considered  a  cure  for  toothache. 
See  H.  S.  Cowper,  '  Parish  Registers  of 
Hawkshead,'  p.  Ixxxvii.  A  charm  for  tooth- 
ache, of  which  I  do  not  possess  a  copy,  occurs 
in  Cornish  Notes  and  Queries,  1906,  p.  203. 
EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

W  ickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey,  Lines. 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  im 


OXGATE  MANOR,  WILLESDEN  (10  S.  ix. 
403). — The  subjoined  pedigree  shows  the 
heirs  of  Frideswide  Cheney  at  the  time  of 
Sir  Thomas's  death.  The  survivors  who 
became  entitled  to  the  lands  held  by  him 
in  right  of  his  wife  were  Anna  Crowmer 
(J  of  $)»  Anna  Kemp  ($•  of  £),  Alice  Kemp 
(1  of  i)>  Frances  Cheney  (£),  and  Thomas 
Parratt  (£).  But  a  partition  of  the  rever- 
sionary interests  had  been  made  on  8  March, 
3  Edward  VI.  (1549),  whereby  the  sole 
interest  in  Oxgate  Manor  appears  to  have 
become  vested  in  Anne,  afterwards  mother 
of  Thomas  Parratt.  This  manor,  held  of 


Master  Braband,  clerk,  Prebendary  of  Ox- 
gate  and  Willesden,  in  socage,  at  the  rent 
of  \l.  per  annum,  was  worth,  beyond  reprises, 
131.  6s.  8d.  It  had  formerly  been  held 
by  Bartholomew  Willesden,  and  after  by 
Thomas  Willesden,  his  son. 

The  above  information  is  derived  from  a 
contemporary  office  copy  of  Sir  Thomas 
Cheney's  Inq.  P.M.,  and  the  pedigree  also  is 
based  entirely  on  the  same  document, 
which  is  in  our  possession.  Hennessy, 

E.   42,    gives  the  Prebendary  as  John  Bra- 
ant,  cl.,  who  died  1564  ;  will  21  Coade. 
W.  McB.  AND  F.  MABCHAM. 


Frideswide,  dau.  and  h.  of=pThomas  Cheney, 
Sir  Thos.  Frowyke,  Kt.,  &c., 

d.  before  1528-9.  d.  18  Dec.,  1558. 


Katherine,= 
d. 
20  March, 
3  Edw.  VI. 

pThomas  Kemp, 
Kt., 
living  1558. 

Frances,  ^Nicholas  Crispe, 
b.               living  1558. 
about 
1528. 

Anne,= 
d. 
2  Sept., 
1553. 

pJohn  Parratt. 
Kt., 
living  1558. 

Margaret,  =i 
d. 
25  Oct., 
1557. 

=William  Crowmer, 
living  1558. 

Anna, 
b. 
1543. 

1 
Alice, 
b. 
1550. 

Thomas  Parratt, 
b.  1553. 

Anna,  b.  Oct.,  1557. 

ST.  MABGABET'S  HOSPITAL  OB  GBEEN 
COAT  SCHOOL,  WESTMINSTEB  (10  S.  x.  129). 
— The  old  house  was  photographed  by  Mr. 
Stiles  of  Kensington  High  Street.  Mr. 
Stiles  is  no  longer  on  the  same  site,  but  I 
think  he  transferred  his  business  not  far 
away.  It  is  unnecessary  to  tell  MB.  HABLAND- 
OXLEY  that  there  is  a  brief  account  of  the 
Green  Coat  Hospital  and  of  Dacre's  Alms- 
houses,  or  Emmanuel  Hospital  in  West- 
minster (but  to  note  the  reference  may  be 
useful),  in  Cunningham's  '  London '  and 
in  Wheatley's  '  London.'  The  Green  Coat 
School  was  merged  in  the  United  West- 
minster (Endowed)  Schools,  under  schemes 
issued  in  1873  and  1878.  See  also  The 
Daily  Telegraph,  2  Sept.,  1890,  a  long  article 
on  Emmanuel  Hospital  ;  and  The  Pall  Mall 
Magazine,  April,  1895,  '  The  Green  Coat 

Boy.'  J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

JACOB  PHILADELPHIA  (10  S.  x.  89). — His 
fame  had  reached  Hungary  in  the  sixties, 
where  as  a  boy  I  heard  many  of  his  tricks 
described  by  a  young  manservant  in  our 
college,  who  had  served  in  Italy  as  a  soldier. 
He  called  him  "  Philadelphi."  One  of  the 
tricks  was  that  he  left  his  head  in  a  barber's 
shop  and  called  for  it  later  on,  as  he  had  no 
time  to  wait.  L.  L.  K. 


EDWABD  SHABPHAM  (10  S.  x.  21). — PBOF. 
MOOBE  SMITH  states  that  Sharpham's 
remains,  "  if  they  have  not  been  disturbed, 
must  now  be  lying  in  St.  Margaret's  Church- 
yard." It  must  be  observed  that  there  is 
no  record  in  the  burial  register,  or  elsewhere 
at  the  church,  as  to  the  position  in  the  ground 
where  the  interment  took  place.  Few,  if 
any,  changes  are  noted  as  having  taken  place 
here  until  the  formation  of  the  Underground 
(District)  Railway,  when  a  considerable 
slice  of  the  burial-ground,  at  the  north-west 
corner,  was  cleared  of  human  remains  (which 
were  reinterred  at  Woking  Cemetery),  and 
the  ground  thrown  into  the  public  highway. 
If  Sharpham  should  have  been  laid  to  rest 
at  this  spot,  it  is  probable — nay,  almost 
certain — that  his  remains  (if  any  then 
existed)  were  disturbed  with  the  others.fc^Jj 

There  is  a  plan  of  the  churchyard,  with  a 
list  of  all  inscriptions  then  legible,  made  at 
the  time  of  the  improvements  therein  (see 
10  S.  i.  23,  62),  1881-3.  I  have  searched 
through  these,  and  cannot  find  a  trace  of 
the  name  ;  and  besides,  if  there  had  been 
a  stone  originally,  the  probability  is  that  it 
would  have  been  broken  and  removed,  for 
it  must  be  remembered  that  for  about 
two  centuries  and  three-quarters  there  had 
been  a  public  way  for  traffic  across  the 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  39, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


churchyard  from  and  to  various  points,  the 
majority  of  the  stones  lying  flat  on  the 
ground,  and  so  subject  to  a  great  deal  of 
wear  and  tear.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

ONE-TREE  HILL,  GREENWICH  (10  S.  x. 
70). — Although  not,  perhaps,  so  named  at 
the  time  when  Le  Notre,  the  famous  French 
architect  and  ornamental  gardener,  laid 
out  Greenwich  Park  in  the  days  of  the  second 
Charles — and  it  of  course  possibly  existed 
before  Le  Notre  "  viewed  the  landscape 
o'er  " — yet  the  presumption  is  reasonable 
enough  that  the  "  One  Tree  "  existed  long 
before  James  I.  walled  round  the  188  acres 
then  constituting  the  royal  demesne.  The 
tree,  if  I  mistake  not,  from  MR.  GOULD'S 
description,  was  too  old  to  have  been  planted 
by  Le  Notre.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

"CARDINAL"  OF  ST.  PAUL'S  (10  S.  x. 
85). — A  list  of  the  successive  holders  of 
the  office  of  "  Senior  Cardinal,  or  Second 
Minor  Canon,"  also  of  that  of  "  Junior 
Cardinal,  or  Third  Minor  Canon,"  is  given 
in  Hennessy's  *  Novum  Repertorium.'  Each 
list  commences  with  the  year  1309,  and 
comprises  over  thirty  names  to  c.  1880 ; 
the  succession  is  complete  from  temp. 
Elizabeth  only.  In  the  fifteenth  century 
the  two  posts  appear  to  have  been  held 
conjointly  on  several  occasions. 

Perhaps  the  most  celebrated  cleric  named 
in  either  list  is  Richard  Harris  Barham, 
author  of  *  The  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  who 
held  the  office  of  Senior  Cardinal  from  1833 
till  his  death  in  1845. 

WILLIAM  MCMURRAY. 

It  is  in  allusion  to  this  dignity  that  the 
artist  has  introduced  the  Cardinal's  hat 
on  the  title-page  of  '  The  Ingoldsby  Legends,' 
Barham  having  been  one  of  the  Cardinals 
of  St.  Paul's.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
vii.  228).— 

Vir  bonus  es  doctus  prudens  ast  hand  tibi  spiro. 
MR.  SHAWCROSS  does  not  refer  to  any  source 
for  this  line  in  his  recent  edition  of  Cole- 
ridge's *  Biographia  Literaria  and  ^Esthetical 
Essays '  (2  vols.,  Clarendon  Press,  1908). 
The  words  "  Non  tibi  spiro  "  form  the  head- 
ing of  one  of  Joachim  Camerarius's  Emblems 
('  Symbola  et  Emblemata,'  Cent.  i.  93), 
the  pig  and  marjoram. 

In  Coleridge's  text  (chap,  xii.)  the  words 
"  Haud  tibi  spiro  "  are  distinguished  from 
the  rest  of  the  line  by  being  in  italics.  The 


context  ("To  such  a  mind  I  would  as 
courteously  as  possible  convey  the  hintr 
that  for  him  the  chapter  was  not  written  ") 
shows  that  these  words  are  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  the  motto  of  Camerarius's  emblem. 

At  10  S.  vii.  309,  Ao.  12,  the  reference  was- 
asked  for  where  Cicero  says  :  "  You  may 
trust  him,  for  he  is  a  frugal  man."  There 
are  two  passages  in  the  '  Tusculan  Disputa- 
tions '  from  which  this  sentiment  may  be- 
deduced  (not  that  "  frugal  "  can  be  accepted 
as  an  adequate  rendering  of  frugi)  : — 

"Reliquas  etiam  virtutes  frugalitas  continet.''— 
III.  8,  16. 

"Quod  nisi  eo  nomine  virtutes  continerentur 
nunquam  ita  pervulgatum  illud  esset  ut  iam  pro- 
verbii  locum  obtineret,  hominem  frugi  omnia  recte 
facere."— IV.  16,  36. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Bad  Wildungen. 

The  phrase  inquired  after  by  K.  P.  D.  E.r 
ante,  p.  108,  "  Sufficit  huic  tumulus  cui  non 
suffecerat  orbis,"  is  given  in  Cassell's  '  Book 
of  Quotations  '  as  an  epitaph  on  Alexander 
the    Great,    but    no    author    is    mentioned. 
Whoever   wrote   it   must   have   had   in   his- 
mind  these  lines  of  Juvenal  (x.  168-73)  : — 
Unus  Pellseo  juveni  non  sufficit  orbis  : 
^stuat  infelix  angusto  limite  mundi, 
Ut  Gyarse  clausus  scopulis  paryaque  Seripho. 
Cum  tameii  a  figulis  munitam  intraverit  urbem, 
Sarcophagq  contentus  erit,  Mors  sola  fatetur, 
Quantula  sint  hominum  corpuscula. 

R.  A.  POTTS. 

Juvenal  in  his  tenth  satire  has  the 
same  thought,  and  has  used  much  the  same- 
language.  Shakspeare  has  hit  on  the  same 
idea  in  '  Henry  IV.'  Prince  Henry  says  of 
the  dead  Hotspur  : — 

When  that  this  body  did  contain  a  spirit, 
A  kingdom  for  it  was  too  small  a  bound ; 
Bub  now  two  paces  of  the  vilest  earth 
Is  room  enough. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

T.  X.  S.  will  find  "  The  idols  of  the  market- 
place," &c.  (ante,  p.  129),  in  the  '  Novum 
Organum,'  Book  I.  §  lix.  I  have  at  hand 
only  Johnson's  translation  (Bell  &  Daldyy 
1859).  F.  JARRATT. 

The  first  of  MR.  RUSSELL'S  quotations,. 
ante,  p.  129, 

Yet  who  would  stop,  or  fear  to  advance, 
is  from  the  first  stanza  of  Wordsworth's 
'  Stepping  Westward.'  The  prefatory  note 
says  that  the  poem  was  the  result  of  an 
incident  while  he  was  walking  "  by  the  side- 
of  Loch  Katrine,  one  fine  evening  after 
sunset."  W.  B. 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 


I  do  not  think  it  possible  to  trace  the 
authorship  of  "  Jowk,  and  let  the  jow  gae 
by."  It  is  a  Scottish  proverb  ;  the  mean- 
ing is — Duck  to  avoid  a  blow  or  push. 
A  free  translation  would  be  "  Bend  to  the 
storm,"  or,  as  Jamieson  in  his  '  Scottish 
Dictionary  '  puts  it,  "  Yield  to  any  present 
•evil  by  making  the  best  of  it."  Ramsay  in 
his  '  Scottish  Proverbs  '  gives  the  proverb 
thus  :  "  Jouk,  and  let  the  jaw  gae  o'er  "  ; 
and  in  Ross's  '  Helenore '  we  have  the 
couplet  : — 

Sae  we  had  better  jook,  until  the  jaw 
Gang  o'er  our  heads,  than  stand  afor't  and  fa'. 
JOHN  ADDISON. 

Primrose  House,  Wood  Green,  Wednesbury. 

[Ms,.  J.  T.  CURRY  and  MR.  C.  LAWRENCE  FORD 
:also  thanked  for  replies.] 

'SOBRIQUETS  AND  NICKNAMES  '  (10  S. 
vii.  366,  430;  viii.  37,  114,  290).— Although 
MR.  ALFRED  BOWDITCH  gives  at  the  last 
reference  a  most  interesting  list  from  the 
'  Catalogue  of  Satirical  Prints  and  Drawings 
in  the  British  Museum,'  it  must  be  remem- 
ibered  that  all  these  were  not  in  common 
use.  Many  of  them  were  merely  the  titles 
of  particular  caricatures.  I  append  a  fresh 
series,  which  should  not  be  omitted  from  a 
new  edition  of  Mr.  Frey's  volume  : — 

Single  Speech  Hamilton.  —  William  Gerard 
Hamilton. 

The  Tiger.— Edward,  Baron  Thurlow. 

Starvation  Dundas.— Henry,  1st  Viscount  Mel- 
ville. 

Blue  Hanger.— William,  3rd  Baron  Coleraine. 

Hellgate.— Richard,  7th  Earl  of  Barrymore. 

Cripplegate.— Henry,  8th  Earl  of  Barrymore. 

Newgate. — Rev.  Augustus  Barry. 

Nosey.— Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Pye. 

Tom  of  Ten  Thousand.— Admiral  Thomas  Smith. 

Conversation  Cooke.— William  Cooke,  the  bar- 
rister. 

Bumper  John.— John  Forbes  of  Culloden. 

Capability  Brown. — Launcelot  Brown. 

Black  Will  and  Oronooko.— William,  3rd  Vis- 
•count  Chetwynd. 

Athenian  Stuart.— James  Stuart. 

Lord  Torpedo.— George,  Marquis  of  Cholmondeley. 

Pea-green  Hayne. —    —  Hayne. 

Billingsgate.— Lady  Caroline  Barry. 

Maid  of  Bath.— Elizabeth  Linley,  afterwards  Mrs. 
.Brinsley  Sheridan. 

Beauty  of  Buttermere.— Mary  Robinson. 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

ROSES  AS  BADGES  :- WHERE  BORNE  (10  S. 
x.  87). — The  actual  flower,  if  it  was  worn 
-at  all  by  York  and  Lancaster  partisans, 
must,  of  course,  have  been  so  employed  as  a 
device  in  summer  time  only,  and  it  would 
appear  to  be  very  doubtful  whether  it  was 
.general  even  then,  considering  the  delicacy 
of  the  flower  after  being  plucked,  apart  from, 
•occasionally,  its  comparative  scarceness. 


The  question  is  twofold  :  upon  what  part 
of  the  person  was  the  badge  worn  ?  and 
what  was  the  material  of  which  it  was  made  ? 
That  it  was  not  worn  on  the  crested  helm 
of  knighthood  and  nobility,  unless  excep- 
tionally, is  almost  certain  ;  neither  was  it 
worn  on  the  armour-covering  surcoat,  which 
was  adorned  with  the  family  arms,  this 
surcoat  being  peculiar  to  those  who  wore 
body  armour.  I  do  not  know  how  far  your 
more  learned  correspondents  will  agree, 
but  one  is  of  opinion  that  the  badge  was 
worked  in  some  textile  material  on  the  neck 
or  the  breast  of  the  common  soldier.  In 
Fairholt's  '  Dictionary  of  Terms  in  Art ' 
there  is  an  illustration  of  a  mediaeval  badge 
of  bronze,  the  shield  being  beautifully 
enamelled  ;  and  it  is  described  in  a  note 
as  being  "  one  of  the  kind  anciently  worn 
by  retainers  in  royal  and  noble  families  " 
(vide  'Badges'). 

The  type  of  the  embroidered  rose  may 
perhaps  be  sought  in  the  English  gold  coin, 
the  rose  or  rose-noble,  struck  in  1344,  under 
Edward  III.,  and  so  called  because  it  had  a 
rose,  the  badge  later  of  the  rival  houses. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

HABVEY'S  BIBTHPLACE  (10  S.  x.  9,  117). — 
Messrs.  Seager  &  Co.  of  Folkestone,  as  re- 
corded in  The  Folkestone  Herald  of  30  May 
last,  have  received  the  following  letter  from 
the  Master  of  Caius  College  : — 

The  Lodge,  Gonville  and  Caius  College, 

Cambridge,  21  May,  1908. 

DEAR  SIRS, — Dr.  Moore,  in  the  '  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography,'  states  that  William  Harvey 
left  property  to  this  College.  But  there  is  no 
foundation  for  this  statement.  I  fear  we  have  no 
information  which  would  help  in  the  identification 
of  the  house  in  which  Harvey  was  born. 
I  am,  dear  Sirs,  yours  faithfully, 

E.  S.  ROBERTS,  Master. 
Messrs.  Seager  &  Co. 

DB.  CLIPPINGDALE  kindly  sent  me  direct 
the  information  that  Aubrey  was  the 
authority  that  the  house  and  property  at 
Folkestone  were  left  to  Caius  College  ;  the 
extract  ante,  p.  117,  says  "vide  his  will." 
I  hope  some  correspondent  may  kindly 
refer  to  Harvey's  will,  which  has,  I  under- 
stand, been  published. 

RICHD.  JOHN  FYNMOBE. 
Wye. 

JOHN  OF  GAUNT' s  ABMS  (10  S.  x.  9,  116). 
— MB.  BAYLEY'S  very  full  reply  is  interesting 
and  valuable,  but  it  does  not  answer  one 
of  the  points  in  my  note,  which  happened 
not  to  be  printed.  That  point  is,  Was 
John  of  Gaunt 's  treatment  of  these  arms 
of  pretension  usual,  or  not  ? 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


With  reference  to  MB.  MACMICHAEL' 
remark  about  the  martlet,  may  I  sugges 
a  grave  doubt  whether  the  marks  of  cadenc 
used  by  ordinary  armigerous  persons  wer 
(except  the  label)  used  by  princes  of  th 
blood  royal  ?  U.  V.  W. 

INFERIOR  CLERGY,  THEIR  APPELLATIONS 
"SiR"  (10  S.  ix.  286,  454).— Miss  LEGA 
WEEKES  says  that  she  has  met  conflictin 
•statements  as  to  the  use  of  the  prefi 
"  Sir  "  in  this  connexion,  and  asks  for  som 
.authoritative  information  on  the  point. 

Whilst  not  being,  perhaps,  very  "  author 
tative,"  the  following  note  may  be  of  servic 
to  her. 

In  a  foot-note  to  p.  7  of  the  Preface  t 
the  late  Mr.  J.  E.  Nightingale's  '  Chum 
Plate  of  the  County  of  Dorset '  (a  work  ir 
which  I  had  the  honour  of  assisting),  under 
taken  at  the  request  of  Dr.  Wordsworth 
the  present  Bishop  of  Salisbury  and  pub 
lished  in  1889,  the  author  states  that  th 
term  "Sir"  was  formerly  applied  to  th 
inferior  clergy  as  well  as  to  knights.  Anc 
he  points  out  that  at  Cambridge  and  Dublin 
the  designation  is  still  applied  to  Bachelor 
of  Arts.  Quoting  from  Fuller's  '  Churcl 
History,'  he  continues  : — 

"  Such  priests  as  have  the  addition  of  '  Sir '  befor 
their  Christian  names  were  men  not  graduated  ii 
the  university  ;  being  in  orders,  but  not  in  degree , 
whilst  others  entitled  'Masters'  had  commencet 
in  the  arts." 

Mr.  Nightingale  gives  an  illustration  of  this 
taken  from  the  inventory  of  the  churcl 
possessions  of  the  parish  of  Woolland,  a 
small  parish  in  Dorset,  in  which  occurs 
"  Sir  John  Whyt,  curate."  This  inventory 
formed  one  of  those  taken  by  the  Commis- 
sioners appointed  in  1552  (6  Edward  VI.) 
of  the  church  goods  of  the  different  parishes 
of  the  county  of  Dorset — a  series  now  pre- 
served in  the  Public  Record  Office,  and  con- 
tained in  a  very  long  roll,  written  on  both 
sides. 

Mr.  Nightingale  expressed  a  wish  that 
some  day  a  reprint  of  the  whole  of  this 
MS.  might  be  made,  containing  as  it  does 
the  names  of  the  then  officiating  clergy  as 
well  as  some  of  the  representative  parish- 
ioners. That  desire  has  now  been  fulfilled 
by  the  hand  of  the  Rev.  W.  M.  Barnes, 
Rector  of  Winterbourne  Monkton,  near 
Dorchester  (and  only  son,  I  believe,  of  the 
"Dorset  poet,"  William  Barnes),  who  gives 
the  complete  list  in  vol.  xxvi.  of  the  Dorset 
Field  Club  Proceedings  (1905).  In  this  list 
frequently  occurs  the  prefix  of  "  Sir "  to 
the  names  of  the  local  clergy.  In  corre- 


sponding on  this  subject,  Mr.  Barnes,  in  a 
recent  letter  to  myself,  writes  : — 

"In  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  the 
beneficed  clergy  were  addressed  as  *  Sir.'  I  think 
they  had  the  status  of  knights,  as  the  bishops  had 
that  of  barons." 

Not  having  the  above-mentioned  volume 
before  me  now,  I  am  unable  to  say,  or  to 
test  by  reference  to  any  other  authority 
that  might  throw  light  on  the  subject, 
whether  this  prefix  is  applied  to  the  beneficed 
clergy  in  a  parish — "  the  persons  charged 
with  the  cure  of  souls  " — or  to  a  "  curate  " 
in  the  modern  sense  of  "  a  deputy  or  assistant 
to  the  incumbent,"  as  mentioned  by  Miss 
LEGA-WEEKES.  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

VOWEL-SHORTENING  (10  S.  x.  43,  111,  132). 
— I  think  that  vowel-shortening  in  English 
is  regulated  by  "  law  "  to  a  greater  extent 
than  is  usually  supposed.  Of  course  the 
vowel  in  such  words  as  maker,  loader,  is 
preserved,  because  the  connexion  with  the 
verbs  make  and  load  is  so  extremely  obvious, 
and  vowel-shortening  would  obscure .  the 
sense.  So,  too,  finer  is  the  comparative 
of  fine,  to  which  it  stands  in  a  very  different 
relation  from  finial.  Timely  is  a  mere  com- 
pound, with  very  direct  reference  to  time  ; 
and  the  same  is  true  of  most  words  ending 
in  -ly.  Still,  even  here  it  is  possible  to  find 
"  shortening "  in  a  very  old  compound, 
as,  for  example,  in  early,  which  is  connected 
(not  obviously)  with  ere. 

If  primer  is  used  as  the  comparative  of 
prime,  or  as  a  verbal  agent  derived  from 
the  verb  to  prime,  the  i  must  needs  be  long, 
owing  to  the  closeness  of  the  connexion 
to  be  indicated.  But  when  primer  is  a  sub- 
stantive the  case  is  very  different.  It  is 
then  the  representative  of  the  Mid.  E. 
primere,  Old  French  primere,  Latin  pri- 
mdrium  ;  and  the  i  was,  in  these  forms, 
quite  unstressed,  with  a  strong  tendency 
;o  shortness.  I  believe  that  it  was  actually 
short ;  and  that,  when  the  accent  was  thrown 
back  upon  the  first  syllable,  it  remained 
hort  still.  We  shall  see  how  the  *  N.E.D.' 
reats  this  word ;  I  am  willing  to  abide 
>y  its  decision. 

What  I  have  called  the  "law"  should 
ather  perhaps  have  been  called  a  "  ten- 
Lency  "  ;  but  it  is  a  natural  process,  due 
o  the  fact  that  we  pronounce  words  as  if 
ach  one  had  an  independent  entity,  except 

n  it  is  necessary  for  the  sense  to  call 
xpress  attention  to  the  primitive,  as  in  the 
ase  of  load-er.  Ease  of  utterance  is  the 
rst  consideration ;  and  etymology  may 
ot  come  in  at  all.  It  is  not  every  one  who 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 


knows  that  rudder  is  a  direct  agential  deriva- 
tive from  the  verb  to  row. 

What  I  have  already  said  about  vowel- 
shortening  is  by  no  means  complete  ;  there 
is  much  more  behind.  The  derivatives 
frequently  react  on  the  primitives,  with 
surprising  results.  Thus  we  have,  for 
example,  to  account  for  the  fact  that  the 
oo  in  food  is  long,  whilst  that  in  blood  is 
short.  They  have  evidently  been  differently 
treated,  and  their  whole  history  must  be 
considered.  In  the  case  of  food,  the  A.-S. 
foda  was  dissyllabic  ;  and  so  was  the  early 
M.E.  fo-de,  where  fo-  was  an  open  syllable. 
The  later  food  was  hence  regularly  derived  ; 
and  there  was  no  tendency  to  shortening, 
because  food  had  no  immediate  derivatives. 
The  only  real  derivative  was  fodor,  i.e., 
the  modern  fodder,  with  shortened  o.  The 
derived  verb  to  feed  had  a  mutated  vowel 
from  the  first. 

But  blood  (A.-S.  blod)  had  the  deriva- 
tive blood-ed,  as  in  hot-blooded,  cold-blooded  ; 
and  there  was  a  verb  to  blood  as  well  as  a 
verb  to  bleed,  the  former  having  blooded  for 
its  past  participle.  Besides  this,  there  was 
the  highly  important  adjective  bloody,  in 
such  common  use  that  there  is  perhaps  no 
other  so  familiar  to  the  lower  orders  among 
our  speakers.  Hence  it  was  that  the  ten- 
dency to  shortening  had  its  due  effect  ;  and 
we  all  know  the  result. 

As  I  could  give  a  considerable  number  of 
similar  examples,  I  think  there  is  a  good 
deal  more  in  the  tendency  which  I  have 
indicated  than  my  opponents  are  willing  to 
admit.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  shortening  of  vowel-sounds  on  the 
lengthening  of  words  is  the  constant  rule 
in  Welsh,  and  it  is  very  interesting  to  see 
from  PROF.  SKEAT'S  article  how  common 
it  is  in  English.  For  Welsh  cf.  djn,  man, 
pi.  djnion  ;  gwrdig,  woman,  pi.  gwrdgedd. 
There  are  instances  of  the  rule  in  inflexions  ; 
for  instances  in  composition  cf.  un,  one  ; 
ton,  note,  with  unddn,  monotonous.  The 
rule  is,  I  believe,  invariable.  H.  I.  B. 

SALARINO,  SALANIO,  AND  SALERIO  (10  S. 
ix.  22,  113,  236,  315,  515;  x.  132).— I  am 
quite  sure  that  MR.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR 
does  not  mean  anything  discourteous,  but 
it  is  not  easy  to  see  what  he  does  mean 
when  he  says  that  "  ST.  S  WITHIN  has  been 
kind  enough  to  assert  the  contrary  "  of  MR. 
BRESLAR'S  own  declaration  that  Sala  never 
was  a  Jewish  name.  I  hardly  understand 
how  MR.  BRESLAR  can  be  better  informed 
than  M.  Lionti,  in  whom  M.  Ulysse  Robert, 
author  of  *  Les  Signes  d'Infamie  au  Moyen 


Age,'  places  much  trust.  Speaking  of  the 
badge  imposed  upon  Venetian  Jews,  M.. 
Robert  says  : — 

"  II  y  a  des  dispenses  particulieres ;  nous  en 
trouvons  une  en  faveur  de  Moi'se  Rap,  me"decin,  en 
recompense  des  services  rendus  par  lui  a  la  Repub- 
lique  de  Venise ;  une  autre  en  faveur  des  families  de- 
Samuel  et  Elie  Sala  de  1392,  est  cite"e  par  M.  Lionti." 
P.  82. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

As  favouring  the  adoption  of  the  spelling 
Solanio,  instead  of  Salanio  (see  10  S.  ix.  315), 
from  Sp.  solano,  I  would  instance  Shake- 
speare's apparent  coining  of  the  name 
Borachio  in  '  Much  Ado  about  Nothing ' 
from  Sp.  borracho,  drunk,  passionate.  Solano- 
too,  it  should  be  noted,  is  still  current  in 
Spanish  both  as  prsenomen  and  cognomen. 

In  the  Furness  '  Variorum  Edition " 
(notes  to  list  of  dramatis  personae)  it  is 
shown  that  Shillock — not  Sallock,  as  MR. 
BRESLAR  wills  it — was  a  common  generic 
name  in  the  sixteenth  century,  probably 
corrupted  from  the  Italian  Scialac  or 
Scialacca.  What  I  meant  to  convey  as 
to  the  proposed  derivation  from  Shiloh,  wa& 
that  it  was  inconceivable  that  such  a  con- 
sideration could  have  entered  into  the  poet's 
calculations  at  a  time  when  the  study  of 
etymology  was  in  its  infancy.  It  is  of 
course  possible  that  "  Shiloh  "  'is  the  primi- 
tive Jewish  source  of  the  name  (see  1  S.  i. 
184).  ^  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

INITIAL  LETTERS  INSTEAD  OF  WORDS 
(10  S.  ix.  126,  174).— May  I  take  occasion 
to  protest  against  the  objectionable  and. 
growing  practice  of  using  the  initials  K.B. 
to  denote  a  Knight  Bachelor  ?  Before  the- 
division  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath  into- 
classes  in  1815,  these  initials  invariably  de- 
noted a  Knight  of  the  Bath,  and  much  con- 
fusion is  likely  to  arise  in  the  future  from 
the  use  of  the  same  initials  for  a  Knight 
Bachelor,  whose  rank  is  properly  and  con- 
veniently described  by  the  abbreviation 
"  Knt."  HARBEN. 

We  have  become  inured  to  such  abbre- 
viations as  "  buses,"  "  cabs,"  "  bykes," 
"  wires,"  or  "  phones,"  but  the  modern 
lazy  habit  of  substituting  initials  for  names 
of  various  organizations  or  institutions  is 
increasingly  troublesome.  To  give  an  illus- 
tration :  A  printed  booklet  of  parochial 
accounts  has  just  come  under  my  eye  in 
which  the  following  headings  occur  :  A.C.S., 
C.L.B.,  S.P.G.,  C.E.M.S.,  U.M.C.A.,  W.H.S., 
C.B.S.,  and  so  on.  Some  are  recognizabler 
but  a  waste  of  time  would  be  involved  in 
tracing  others. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


177 


A  few  days  ago  a  friend  wished  to  know 
-what  the  initials  K.C.G.  stood  for.  They 
followed  the  name  of  Capt.  W.  H.  Patten 
Saunders,  "  the  European  champion  ath- 
lete," in  Allibone's  '  Dictionary  of  Litera- 
ture,' and  appear  to  have  no  connexion 
with  the  Guelphic  Order. 

Formerly  the  use  of  initials  was  restricted 
to  cases  of  well-known  application  (such  as 
R.N.,  for  instance),  or  to  the  brief  form 
of  signature  to  notes,  as  underneath. 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

At  a  certain  show  place  which  I  will  not 
mention,  the  members  of  the  party,  on  enter- 
ing the  picture  gallery,  were  asked  to  sign 
their  names  in  the  visitors'  book,  which  all 
did.  These  included  a  peer  of  the  realm, 
;a  knight,  a  distinguished  ecclesiastic, 
several  members  of  Parliament,  only  one 
of  whom  added  the  M.P.,  and  one  who 
added  F.S.A.  One  individual  after  his 
nourishing  signature  placed  P.L.G.  The 
•custodian  was  puzzled,  and  asked  the  mean- 
ing. The  answer  was  "  Poor  Law  Guar- 
•dian."  AYEAHR. 

"PEARL"  (10  S.  v.  409,  493;  vi.  118, 
137). — I  have  been  vainly  searching  for  a 
good  example  of  the  unusual  linguistic 
change  of  6  into  p,  the  ordinary  permutation 
being,  of  course,  the  converse.  Lately  I 
received,  however,  a  picture  postcard  from 
a  friend  in  Italy,  and  on  looking  at  the 
postmark  the  following  equation  flashed 
upon  me  :  as  "  Bologna  "  is  to  "  polony  " 
(sausage),  so  is  "  beryl "  to  "  pearl,"  or 
possibly  so.  This  consonantal  change  also 
•appears  in  It.  Roberto  and  Ruberto,  which 
rgive  Ruperto  as  variant  ;  but  a  very  good 
case  is  that  of  Eng.  "  purse "  from  Fr. 
bourse,  which  I  find  Prof.  Skeat  in  his  '  Dic- 
tionary '  notes  as  an  anomaly  ;  as  also 
"*  peat  "  from  O.E.  beat,  fuel. 

Weigand,  following  in  the  footsteps  of 
'Grimm,  to  whose  *  Deutsches  Worterbuch  ' 
MR.  H.  KREBS  kindly  referred  me,  is  of 
opinion  that  the  German  form  is  nothing 
but  a  vulgar  corruption  of  the  Syrian 
berulo,  through  the  Greek  and  Latin.  He 
finds  that  Luther  uses  berle  once,  namely, 
in  Job  xxviii.  18  ;  while  berl  occurs  in 
Stieler  as  late  as  1 68 1 ,  also  for  pearl.  On  the 
other  hand,  Weigand  regards  the  diminu- 
tives berlein  (berlin)  and  perlein  (perlin)  a-s 
direct  germanized  translations  of  the  Med. 
Lat.  perula,  formed  from  the  German  beere, 
-a  berry + dim.  termination  lein. 

Luther's  choice  of  berle  in  the  Book  of 
Job  for  "  pearl "  is  interesting  to  Biblical 


students,  I  think,  because  the  American 
Revised  Version  (1901)  renders  this  word 
"  crystal."  Jewish  scholars  nevertheless 
assert  that  although  the  Israelites  may  have 
trafficked  in  pearls",  it  is  exceedingly  doubtful 
if  these  ornaments  are  ever  actually  men- 
tioned in  Scripture.  '  The  Jewish  Encvclo- 
ia,'  vol.  ix.  s.v.,  says  : — 


"  It  is  possible  that  Semitic  peoples  valued  the 
red  pearl  very  highly,  since  the  Arabic  form— 
marjan—of  the  Sanskrit  word  for  pearl,  mangara 
(from  which  latter  the  Greek  /aupyapirtjc  is  derived), 
designates  both  little  pearls  and  red  coral"; 
while  Heb.  peninim  (Lam.  iv.  7)  is  said 
to  denote  indifferently  red  pearls,  corals, 
or  rubies. 

The  fact  that  Weigand  further  cites  the 
German  verb  perlen,  to  bubble  over,  trickle, 
drop,  and  traces  it  to  Frauenlob,  with  the 
meaning  to  adorn,  to  beautify  with  pearls, 
agrees  well  with  what  I  said  previously 
of  the  probable  association  of  ideas  between 
the  occurrence  of  beryls  naturally  in  the 
geode  or  nodular  pebble,  the  interior  of 
which  is  often  studded  with  them,  along 
with  other  crystalline  minerals,  and  the 
natural  formation  of  pearls  in  the  oyster, 
the  It.  madre  perla,  mother-of-pearl,  signify- 
ing literally  the  producer  of  pearls  within 
the  musseL  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

WIDKIRK  :  '  THE  WAKEFIELD  MYSTERIES  ' 
(10  S.  x.  128). — My  note  upon  Widkirk 
was  founded  upon  my  notion  that  there  is 
a  manuscript  annotation  to  the  effect  that 
the  Towneley  Plays  were  connected  with 
"  Wydkirk  "  or  "  Widkirk."  I  am  away 
from  home,  and  cannot  refer  to  books. 
If  there  is  no  such  note,  I  am  of  course 
wholly  wrong,  and  beg  leave  to  withdraw 
all  that  I  have  said  as  to  this  matter. 

My  point  is  that,  if  there  be  any  reference 
to  a  Widkirk,  there  is  no  particular  reason 
why  it  might  not,  after  all,  mean  some 
Woodkirk,  because  the  A.-S.  for  "  wood  " 
is  both  widu  and  wudu,  the  former  being 
the  older  and  better  spelling.  I  cannot 
pursue  the  subject  now,  for  lack  of  help. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

'  EPULUM  PARASITICUM  '  (10  S.  x.  130).— 
The  author  of  this  book  was  Nicolas  Rigault, 
a  classical  philologist,  a  critic,  and  a  French- 
man (b.  1577,  d.  1654).  An  account  of  him 
will  be  found  in  the  '  Biographie  Univer- 
selle  '  (1843-66),  and  there  are  several  very 
interesting  allusions  to  him  in  Mark  Patti- 
son's  '  Isaac  Casaubon '  (2nd  ed.,  1892). 
Therein  will  be  found  references  to  Rigault' s 
friendship  with  De  Thou  and  to  his  work 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29,  im 


as  successor  to  Casaubon  in  keeping  the 
king's  library.  The  '  Epulum  Parasiticum  ' 
was  originally  issued  in  Paris  in  1601,  and 
there  were  several  subsequent  editions. 
Richard  Heber  had  at  least  two  copies  of 
the  book,  and  both  of  them  were  of  the 
edition  issued  in  1665.  These  two  copies 
were  sold  at  Sotheby's  on  the  tenth  day 
of  the  great  Heber  Sale  (Monday,  21  April, 
1834).  Potter  bought  the  first  copy  (lot 
2380)  for  sixpence,  and  Longman  bought 
the  second  copy  (lot  2381)  for  a  shilling. 
The  Leyden  edition  of  1672  has  been  cata- 
logued during  recent  years  at  twenty-eight 
shillings.  The  fact  that  the  book — as  men- 
tioned in  the  pencilled  note — is  not  alluded 
to  in  Fournier  or  in  the  '  Dictionnaire 
Bibliographique  '  proves,  of  course,  nothing 
as  to  its  rarity  or  otherwise.  Rigault 
edited  several  editions  of  the  classics. 

A.  L.  HUMPHREYS. 
187,  Piccadilly,  W. 

This  is  mainly  a  collection  of  the  satires 
against  Peter  Montmaur.  See  Bayle's 
'  Diet.,'  s.v.  Montmaur,  note  B  ;  and  Sal- 
lengre,  '  Histoire  de  Pierre  de  Montmaur  ' 
(La  Haye,  1715,  2  vols.,  12mo),  at  pp.  cix- 
cxx  of  the  preface.  J.  F.  R. 

Godalming. 

SWIMMING  BATH  :  WILLIAM  KEMP  (10  S. 
x.  89,  138).— I  have  written  to  the  Clerk 
of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  who  promises 
to  turn  up  the  lease  under  which  an  estate 
in  Old  Street,  St.  Luke's,  was  let  to  William 
Kemp,  a  jeweller,  who  transformed  a  pond 
previously  known  as  the  "  Perilous  Pond  " 
into  "  the  Peerless  Pool."  The  will  of  this 
enterprising  citizen  was  proved  in  1755 
(P.C.C.  339  Glazier),  and  mentions  at  some 
length  his  Pleasure  Bath,  Cold  Bath,  and 
Peerless  Pool,  with  Gardens,  three  messuages 
and  fishpond,  and  other  ground  enclosed 
by  a  brick  wall.  All  this,  held  under  lease 
from  the  President  of  the  said  hospital, 
he  left  in  trust  to  pay  801.  per  annum  to 
his  widow  from  the  profits,  with  remainder 
to  his  children.  The  executors  of  the  will 
were  the  testator's  widow  Sarah,  his  sons 
Philemon  and  Nathaniel  Kemp,  and  his 
son-in-law  George  Roadley.  The  site  of  the 
baths  is  to  be  traced  in  street-names  still 
in  use  near  Old  Street,  viz.,  Peerless  Street, 
Cold  Bath  Square,  Bath  Street,  and  Great 
Bath  Street. 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  what  became 
of  the  family,  and  whether  this  William 
Kemp(e)  was  akin  to  the  Kemp(e)s  who  for 
250  years  were  tenants  of  land  at  Hendon 
held  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital. 


Daniel  Kempe,  Provost  of  the  Moneyer& 
at  the  Mint,  who  was  of  the  Hendon  family,. 
left  100Z.  to  St.  Luke's  Orphan  Asylum 
by  his  will,  1795. 

FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 
6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford. 

[Much  on  the  history  of  Peerless  Pool  will,  a* 
noted  ante,  p.  140,  be  found  at  9  S.  iv.  128,  197, 


"ENTENTE  CORDIALE  "  (10  S.  viii.  168  ;. 
ix.  194,  338,  418,  472  ;  x.  37).—  In  Mac- 
phail's  Edinburgh  Ecclesiastical  Journal  for 
November,  1859,  is  an  article  entitled  '  The 
Entente  Cordiale  of  France  and  England/ 
We  are  now  rejoicing  in  the  "  moral  in- 
vasion "  the  writer  of  the  article  hopes  for  :  — 
"A  moral  invasion  would  be  more  acceptable 
than  physical  demonstrations  ;  we  would  rather  see 
Englishmen  and  Frenchmen  loving  than  fearing 
each  other.  Hence  the  satisfaction  we  share  with 
others  in  hearing  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Emerton,  the 
Principal  of  the  Hanwell  College,  Middlesex,  has 
again  come  into  the  field  with  open  purse,  and 
proposed  to  give  fifty  guineas  each  for  the  best 
essays  that  can  be  written  on  the  means  of  promot- 
ing a  permanent  alliance  between  the  two  greatest 
countries  in  the  world.  One  of  them  is  to  be 
written  by  a  Frenchman,  and  the  other  by  a  BritonT 
and  we  shall  not  be  sorry  to  find  that  the  palm  of 
superior  merit  is  ultimately  awarded  to  a  Cale- 
donian. Dr.  Emerton,  it  may  not  be  unknown, 
gave  one  hundred  guineas  as  the  premium  on  an 
essay  on  the  moral  results  of  the  Great  Exhibition 
of  1851.  The  prize  was  carried  off  by  the  Rev.  Mr, 
Whisk." 

JOHN  C.  FBANCIS. 

ST.  MARTHA  (10  S.  x.  108).—  If  ST.  SWITHIN 
consults  the  Isabella  Breviary,  preserved 
in  the  Library  of  the  British  Museum,  he- 
can  see  for  himself  therein  a  representation 
of  St.  Martha,  holding  a  ladle,  and  with  a 
bunch  of  domestic  keys  attached  to  her 
waist.  As  the  accomplished  Mrs.  Jameson 
correctly  remarks,  this  is  a  very  usual  way 
of  representing  this  saint. 

Other  early  illustrations  give  her  symbols 
which  refer  to  an  incident  during  her  thirty 
years  as  a  recluse.  In  these  she  is  shown 
variously  as  vanquishing  a  dragon  with  a 
crucifix,  or  binding  it  captive  with  her 
girdle.  The  tradition  is  to  be  found  recorded 
in  the  Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould's  '  Lives  of  the- 
Saints  '  (July  volume,  1874).  Tarascort 
was  afterwards  founded  on  the  spot,  and 
took  St.  Martha  as  its  patron. 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

According  to  the  '  Archaologisches  Wor- 
terbuch  '  of  Miiller  and  Mothes,  St.  Martha, 
as  patron  saint  of  domesticity,  is  often, 
represented  with  a  wooden  kitchen-spoon. 


10  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Book-Hunter.    By  John  Hill  Burton.    Edited 
by  J.  Herbert  Slater.    (Routledge  &  Sons.) 

THERE  was  never  a  time  in  which  book-hunting  and 
the  pleasures  of  bibliography  were  so  widely 
followed  as  to-day  ;  thus  it  is  odd  that  there  are  so 
few  books  available  on  such  pursuits.  With  the 
exception  of  Mr.  Andrew  Lang's  'The  Library,' 
and  the  pleasant  collection  of  '  Bouquiniana '  which 
came  to  us  a  few  years  ago  from  M.  B.  H.  Gausseron, 
we  recall  no  volumes  of  bookish  gossip,  no  records 
of  the  many  happy  wanderers  who  seek  and  ponder 
over  the  bargains  now  best  displayed  in  Charing 
Cross  Road,  since  Booksellers'  Row  is  no  more. 
If  there  are  no  new  books,  it  is  well  to  revive  the 
old,  and  Burton's  not  less  than  classic  volume 
makes  a  very  welcome  reappearance  in  a  series 
which  has  given  us  many  delightful  books,  "  The 
London  Library."  Mr.  J.  Herbert  Slater  is  the 
editor  of  this  issue,  and  lends  his  expert  hand  to 
various  brief  foot-notes.  We  are  rather  dis- 


we  feel  sure,  little  known  to  latter-day  searchers 
after  literary  treasures.  A  memoir  by  Mrs.  Burton 
was  prefixed  to  the  large-paper  edition  of  'The 
Book-Hunter'  (1882),  and  he  was  eminent  as  a 
writer  apart  from  this,  his  most  successful  book. 
The  dignity  of  history,  which  he  was  abused  for 
sacrificing  in  his  more  serious  work,  is  now  less 
considered  than  the  qualities  of  accuracy  and 
research,  in  which  he  was  probably  ahead  of  his 
time. 

To  the  vivid  account  of  Papaverius  (De  Quincey) 
the  editor  adds  the  note  that  "De  Quincey  was 
always  being  '  snowed  up,'  as  he  called  it ;  that  is  to 
say,  choked  in  his  lodgings  with  accumulated  piles 
of  papers  and  manuscripts.  When  that  happened, 
he  simply  locked  the  door  of  his  room,  walked  out, 
and  secured  another.  Six  of  these  storehouses 
existed  at  the  time  of  his  death." 

The  existence  of  a  recent  edition  of  the  'Cena 
Trimalchionis '  is  mentioned ;  there  have  been  at 
least  three  published  of  late  years.  Those  dumpy 
little  books  the  Elzevirs  have,  the  editor  notes, 

"with  a  very  few  exceptions fallen  to  abysmal 

depths  in  the  estimations  of  literary  Nimrods." 

The  Shakespearian  correction  on  p.  44  exhibits 
the  casual  methods  of  Burton.  The  celebrated 
emendation  concerning  Dame  Quickly' s  account  of 
Falstaffs  end  is  mentioned.  If  we  had  been  edit- 
ing the  book,  we  should  have  added  the  reference 
('King  Henry  V.,'  Act  II.  sc.  iii.,  near  the  begin- 
ning) ;  the  name  of  the  emender,  Warburton  ;  and 
the  right  text,  which  is  not  a  "  Table  of  Greenfield," 
but  "  of  green  fields,"  so  that  only  the  first  word 
has  to  be  altered.  The  whole  passage  is  exhaus- 
tively discussed  in  Prof.  Lounsoury's  'The  First 
Editors  of  Shakespeare,  Pope  and  Theobald '  (Nutt, 
1906).  Burton  has  also  misquoted  Wordsworth  on 
p.  255,  and  he  or  the  printer  is  a  little  slack  in 
matters  of  Latin. 

As  regards  misprints,  it  is  noted  by  Burton  tha 
they  are  the  cause  of  detecting  plagiarisms.     This 
is  sometimes  the  case  to-day  where  a  scholar  pre 
tends  to   reprint  a  text  from    the  original  MS., 
and  copies  a  printed  transcript  which  contains,  as 


a  sufferer  complained  to  us,  "copyright  errors."" 
The  folly  which  makes  stupid  errors  of  printing 
valuable  in  first  editions  is  indefensible,  but  will 
ilways,  it  seems,  be  rampant,  collectors  of  books 
>eing  often  people,  as  Burton  hints,  who  care 
chiefly  for  title-pages  a*nd  a  possession  which  does 
not  go  so  far  as  perusal.  The  editor  explains  in  a 
:oot-note  that  "  books  do  not,  as  a  rule,  become 
more  important  by  reason  of  the  errors  noticeable 
n  them,  unless  such  errors  constitute  the  dis- 
tinguishing marks  of  an  earlier  issue  than  the  one 
commonly  recognized  as  such,  and  the  book  itself 
s  of  sufficient  importance  to  render  such  distinc- 
tion a  matter  of  exceptional  interest."  But  in 
many  cases,  we  imagine,  the  error  must  have  been 
discovered  in  the  course  of  printing,  so  that  it  only 
indicates  the  earlier  part  of  a  first  edition.  We 
lave,  personally,  no  desire  to  possess  a  rarity  noted 
in  the  Catalogue  of  the  Dickens  Exhibition  now  on- 
show  in  Piccadilly — a  first  edition  of  'Martin 
Chuzzlewit'  in  which  "100£"  is  printed  on  the 
title-page,  instead  of  "  £100." 
The  notes  add  some  interesting  details  as  to  the 

gices  realized  by  famous  book-sales.  That  of 
eber's  collection  in  1834  occupied  202  days,  and 
thus  is  still  what  is  vulgarly  called  a  "  record  "  for 
the  number  of  books  dispersed  ;  but  the  sum  total 
realized  has  been  passed  by  the  Libraries  of  Beck- 
ford  and  the  Earl  of  Ashburnham. 

In  the  section  on  '  The  Gleaner  and  his  Harvest r 
a  note  points  out  that  Ruskin's  '  On  the  Construc- 
tion of  Sheepf  olds'  still  deceives  farmers  into- 
buying  it.  Finds  in  the  way  of  old  books  are  now- 
adays rarer  than  they  were ;  indeed,  the  notes 
remark  that  "  the  publicity  given  to  the  discovery 
or  sale  of  a  really  rare  or  valuable  book  is  so  wide- 
spread that  the  old-fashioned  Book-hunter  can 
hardly  be  said  to  exist.  His  knowledge  is  available 
to  all  who  read  the  newspapers  or  the  reports  of 
the  auction  sales,  and  there  is  little  or  no  room  for 
him." 

There  is  nothing  really  surprising  in  the  changes 
of  prices  for  books  :  they  follow  the  laws  of  demand 
and  supply,  like  other  things,  apart  from  the  value 
attached,  to  mere  rarity  by  bibliomaniacs.  This 
value  is  often  absurd  in  the  case  of  suppressed 
pamphlets,  or  works  whose  limited  issue  or  private 
printing  was  justified  by  their  unimportance.  A 
small  proportion  of  book-hunters  have  real  literary 
taste,  and  no  desire  to  possess  first  editions  which 
they  cannot  read  with  comfort.  There  is  one  rise 
in  price  in  modern  times  which  indicates  a  literary 
discovery,  but  two  poets  and  two  scholars — gentry 
a  good  deal  rarer  than  book-lovers — were  concerned 
in  it.  In  his  account  of  FitzGerald's  '  Omar  Khay- 
yam '  ('Edward  FitzGerald'  in  "English  Men  of 
Letters")  Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  quotes  the  following 
from  Mr.  Swinburne  : — 

"  Two  friends  of  Rossetti's — Mr.  Whitley  Stokes 
and  Mr.  Ormsby — told  him  (he  told  me)  of  this 
wonderful  little  pamphlet  for  sale  on  a  stall  in 
St.  Martin's  Lane,  to  which  Mr.  Quaritch,  finding 
that  the  British  public  unanimously  declined  to 
give  a  shilling  for  it,  had  relegated  it  to  be  dis- 
posed of  for  a  penny.  Having  read  it,  Rossetti  and 
I  invested  upwards  of  sixpence  apiece — or  possibly 
threepence — I  would  not  wish  to  exaggerate  our 
extravagance — in  copies  at  that  not  exorbitant 
price.  Next  day  we  thought  we  might  get  some 
more  presents  among  our  friends,  but  the  man  at 
the  stall  asked  twopence  !  Rossetti  expostulated 
with  him  in  terms  of  such  humorously  indignant 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  AUG.  29, 


remonstrance  as  none  but  he  could  ever  have  com- 
riianded.  We  took  a  few,  and  left  him.  In  a  week 
or  two,  if  I  am  not  much  mistaken,  the  remaining 
copies  were  sold  at  a  guinea;  I  have  since — as  I 
dare  say  you  have — seen  copies  offered  for  still  more 
absurd  prices.  I  have  kept  my  pennyworth  (the 
tidiest  copy  of  the  lot),  and  have  it  still." 

The  Edinburgh  Review.  July.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
*  HYMNOLOGY,  CLASSIC  AND  ROMANTIC,'  is  an  excel- 
lent paper.  During  the  last  century  several 
collections  of  mediaeval  Latin  hymns  were  com- 
piled, but,  as  was  to  be  expected,  they  have 
not  obtained  the  attention  of  the  general  reader. 
Kim  ing  Latin  verse  does  not  win  appreciation  in 
this  country.  It  should  also  be  remembered  that 
Missals,  or  indeed  church  service  books  of  any  sort, 
are  not  the  only  places  where  such  verses  occur. 
We  do  not  think  the  grand  hymn  in  honour  of 
Charlemagne  beginning 

Urbs  Aquensis,  urbs  regalis, 
in  which  the  great  emperor  is  invoked  as 

0  rex,  mundi  triumphator, 

Jesu  Christi  conregnator, 

Sis  pro  nobis  exorator, 

Sancte  pater  Karole, 

though  it  is  in  several  modern  collections,  is 
to  be  found  in  the  approved  service  books.  At 
the  end  of  Rishanger's  '  Chronicle '  (published 
by  the  Camden  Society)  occurs  a  hymn  to  Simon 
de  Montfort,  who  was  popularly  regarded  as 
a  saint.  These  verses  are,  we  may  be  sure, 
outside  Church  authority,  but  of  great  interest. 
Much  more  might  have  been  said  with  advantage  of 
these  mediaeval  hymns,  though  all  we  have  is  excel- 
lent. The  hymns  of  more  recent  days  are  also  very 
well  treated.  Protestant  hymns  differ  widely  from 
those  of  the  Middle  Ages,  not  only  because  they 
are  of  a  later  type,  but  also  because  the  individual- 
istic element  enters  into  them  much  more  fully. 
Religious  poetry  of  every  degree  of  merit  was  not 
uncommon  in  England  from  the  Reformation  down- 
wards, but  the  hymn,  properly  so  called,  was  rare 
before  the  time  of  Dr.  Watts,  many  of  whose  hymns 
are  still  regarded  as  classic,  and  we  think  it  highly 
probable  that  Charles  Wesley  was  stimulated  by 
them  to  write  those  pieces  which  have  found  their 
way  into  many  modern  hymn-books.  The  writer 
dwells  also  on  the  hymns  of  the  Moravian  Brethren, 
which  seem  to  have  little  relation  to  those  that 
went  before  them,  and  never  to  have  had  much 
influence  beyond  the  members  of  their  own  body. 

The  paper  on  Liverpool  shows  how  a  few  houses, 
little  more  than  huts,  were  the  origin  of  one  of  the 
greatest  of  the  world's  seaports.  When  the  Domes- 
day survey  was  made,  Liverpool  was  a  hamlet  in 
the  hundred  of  West  Derby.  The  Fitzwarrens 
seem  to  have  been  the  first  who  held  it  in  post- 
Norman  times.  In  the  reign  of  King  John,  Henry 
Fitzwarren  handed  it  over  to  the  King,  who  created  it 
aborough,  and  invited  settlers  to  establish  themselves 
in  his  new  port.  Such  was  the  beginning  of  the 
city's  commercial  life.  Throughout  the  Middle 
Ages  the  families  of  Molyneux,  Ferrers,  and  Stanley 
bore  sway  there.  The  Stanleys  had  what  was 
called  the  Liverpool  Tower,  while  the  fortress  of 
the  Ferrers  wag  dignified  by  the  name  of  castle. 
Neither  of  these  interesting  buildings  now  exists, 
both  being  unhappily  swept  away  in  the  early 
years  of  the  last  century.  The  history  of  Liver- 
pool is,  however,  for  most  of  its  inhabitants, 


mainly  commercial.  They  have  a  right  to  be  proud 
of  their  sailors.  They  were  a  class  of  men  who 
remind  us  of  the  sea-dogs  of  Elizabeth's  days. 
Their  virtues  and  vices  were  much  the  same  as 
those  of  their  predecessors.  Of  this  class  William 
Hutchinson  was  the  hero.  It  is  perhaps  no  ex- 
aggeration to  call  him  the  master  privateer  of 
England  during  the  Seven  Years'  War.  The 
plunder  he  brought  home  was  immense. 

'  Port  Royal '  is  a  paper  conspicuous  for  its  fair- 
ness. This  is  commendable,  for  there  linger  even 
yet  in  the  minds  of  some  the  unhappy  remains  of 
old  prejudices. 

*  The  Question  of  Life  on  Mars '  is  not  the  less 
valuable  because  no  decision  is  forthcoming.  Even- 
tually we  may  know  all,  but  the  time  has  not  yet 
arrived.  We  are  in  agreement  with  those  who  hold 
it  to  be  extremely  probabl*  that  there  is  no  animal 
life  on  Mars,  and  that,  if  there  be,  it  is  widely 
different  from  that  on  our  own  planet. 

FREDERIC  NORGATE.— Mr.  Norgate  died  on  the 
10th  inst.  in  his  ninetieth  year.  The  Times  in  an 
obituary  notice  on  the  13th  said  :  "  Mr.  Norgate  for 
many  years  made  a  special  study  of  the  bibliography 
of  Caxton's  press,  and  contributed  to  The  Library 
of  1889  two  long  and  important  papers  under  the 
title  of  '  Caxtoniana,'in  which  he  made  considerable 
additions  to  the  bibliography  of  the  subject  as  com- 

Eiled  by  the  late  William  Blades,  obtaining  most  of 
is  facts  from  an  exhaustive  examination  of  the  old 
auction  sale  catalogues.  Of  these  latter  he  also 
made  a  special  study,  contributing  to  The  Library 
of  1891  two  excellent  articles  in  the  form  of  alpha- 
betical lists  of  the  sales  respectively  held  at 
Sotheby's  and  at  Evans's.  He  also  wrote  much  on 
recondite  matters  for  Notes  and  Queries."  Several 
contributions  will  be  found  under  his  name  in  the 
General  Index  to  the  Ninth  Series. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :— 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

T.  HOLMES  ("  Christening  a  Vessel  with  Wine  ").— 
See  9  S.  i.  317,  373. 

JAPANESE  ("'Maru'  in  name  of  Japanese 
Vessels ").— See  the  articles  by  MR.  JAMES  TLATT 
and  MR.  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA  at  10  S.  vii.  318 ; 
viii.  131,  376. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR  ("  Thomas  Poole  of  Nether 

Stowey  "). — There    is    an    account   of    him  in  the 

D.N.B.,'  vol.   xlvi.      For  fuller  information  see 

Thomas  Poole  and  his  Friends,'  by  Mrs.  Henry 

Sandford,  2  vols.,  1888. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries ' "—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  t9  "The  Pub- 
lishers "—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


io  s.  x.  A™.  29, 1908.]      .NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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THE  exact  form  in  which  the  nation's  desire  finally  and  fittingly  to  commemorate  Shakespeare's  supreme  genius  in 
London,  the  city  of  his  dramatic  triumphs,  shall  assume  enduring  shape  in  "  brick  and  stone  "  is  fair  ground  for 
deep  consideration.    No  consideration  is  required,  however,  to  grasp  the  simple  fact  that  Shakespeare's  genius  has 
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It  has  none  the  less  remained  a  fact  that  until  the  present  year  no  edition  of 

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Spelled  as  he  spelled,  and  spoken  as  he  spoke," 

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To  remedy  this  crying  scandal,  and  generally  to  bring  "  his  works  exactly  as  he  wrote  them,"  together  with  "  the 
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10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


181 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  5,  1908. 

CONTENTS.-No.  245. 

NOTES  :— Capt.  Archibald  Douglas,  181—'  Englands  Par- 
nassus,' 182  — 'D.N.B.  Epitome,'  183  —  Nutting  Time: 
"Cobberer,"  185— Flying  Machines:  "Aviation"— Typo- 
graphical Puzzle — "As  thick  as  inkle-makers" — William 
Collins,  the  Poet,  186— "Slavey"— Coinloquoy  Surname, 

QUERIES  : — Hampstead  in  Song — Arabic  Numerals  on  a 
Brass  at  Winchester— Smallpox  Hospital  in  1804 :  Alex- 
andra Institution  for  the  Blind — Wesley  in  Germany  and 
Holland,  187— Anatole  France :  '  The  Garden  of  Epicurus ' 
— "  Plus  je  connais  les  hommes  " — Taine  :  "  Tenir  une 
queue  de  vache  k  la  main"— "Fit  as  a  fiddle"— Sir 
Isaac  Newton  and  the  Cat  — Silesian  Tooth— Authors 
of  Quotations  Wanted—  Tollgate  Houses — Dowry  Square, 
Clifton—"  Officer  of  the  Pipe,"  188—"  St.  Francis's  Moon  " 
— Ranger  of  Greenwich  Park  —  Rattlesnake  Colonel  : 
Catgut  Ruffles  — John  Tetherington— James  Preston- 
Matthew  Stevenson  and  William  Preston  —  Barbary 
Pirates  off  Devonshire — Alexander  Pennecuik  and  the 
Louvre,  189— Waterloo :  its  Pronunciation— " Maden  Case" 
— Wharton  Autobiography — Ode  to  Napoleon  Bonaparte 
—William  Francis,  190. 

REPLIES  :  —  Accession  and  Coronation  Medals,  190 — 
Bennett  of  Baldock— "  Mulatto  "— "  Tanner  "^Sixpence, 
191  — George  Henley  of  Bradley— "  Stymie  "  at  Golf— 
"Swank,"  192 — Roman  Inscription  at  Baveno — Siege  of 
Danzig— Zoff any— The  National  Flag,  193— Tyrone  Power 
— Michaelmas  Day  —  Pronunciation  of  Tintagel,  194 — 
Death  after  Lying— Dolls  in  Magic,  195— Waterloo  :  Letter 
by  Vivian — Toothache — "Hame-Rein" — Gray  of  Denne 
Hill,  Kent,  196— Heraldic  Queries:  Arms  of  Married 
Women— Henry  Ellison— Z :  Name  of  the  Letter,  197— 
Hovelling  —  The  Double  -  Headed  Eagle  —  "  Cadey  "— 
Matthew  Arnold  on  Pigeons — "Whipping  the  cat,"  198. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-'The  Cambridge  History  of  English 
Literature ' — '  Johnson  on  Shakespeare '  —  Reviews  and 
Magazines. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CAPT.  ARCHIBALD  DOUGLAS,    1667. 

THE  brief  notice  of  this  officer  in  the 
*  D.N.B.'  is  disappointing.  The  few  lines 
devoted  to  him  record  how  he  conducted 
the  defence  of  the  Royal  Oak,  when  De 
Ruyter's  fleet  sailed  up  the  Medway  to 
Chatham,  on  12  June,  1667  ;  and  when  this 
ship  was  set  on  fire  refused  to  retire,  though 
advised  to  do  so,  saying:  "It  shall  never 
be  told  that  a  Douglas  quitted  his  post 
without  orders."  David  Hume,  Lediard, 
Campbell,  and  other  historians  narrate  the 
event,  and  tell  how  the  heroic  Douglas 
perished  in  the  flames  of  the  ship  he  so 
nobly  defended  ;  but  no  writer  in  the  past 
has,  apparently,  discovered  to  what  branch 
of  the  service  Douglas  belonged,  or  given 
any  particulars  relating  to  this  hero's 
family.  It  is  noted  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  that 
Charnock,  in  his  '  Biographia  Navalis,' 
suggests  that  Douglas  was  "  a  land  officer 
sent  from  the  shore  to  defend  this  ship 
[The  Royal  Oak]  with  a  detachment  of 
soldiers." 

Charnock  was  correct  in  his  surmise.  The 
present  writer  is  certain  that  the  hero  of 


the  Chatham  incident  was  Capt.  Archibald 
Douglas  of  Lord  George  Douglas's  Regiment 
of  Scots  Foot  (the  present  Royal  Scots). 
This  fine  old  corps  had  been  recalled  from 
France  in  the  spring  of  1666,  and  new  com- 
missions issued  to  the  officers  5  July  following 
('Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1666').  One  company 
was  at  Sheerness  when  this  place  was 
captured  by  the  Dutch  on  10  June,  1667 
('  Knight's  Historical  Records  of  the  Buffs,' 
p.  132).  Detachments  of  the  same  regiment 
were  at  Thanet,  and  repulsed  100  Dutch 
soldiers  who  landed  (J.  Carlisle  to  William- 
son, 10  June,  1667,  '  Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.'). 

It  so  happened  that  Charles  II.  had,  from 
ill-advised  economy,  dismissed  a  large 
number  of  sailors  from  his  fleet  just  before 
De  Ruyter's  well-planned  descent  on  the 
English  coast.  This  explains  why  Capt. 
Douglas  was  sent  on  board  the  Royal  Oak, 
with  part  of  his  company,  on  the  fatal 
12  June,  when  the  aforesaid  ship  and  two 
others  were  attacked  and  set  on  fire  by  the 
Dutch. 

It  is  recorded  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  that  100?. 
was  granted  by  the  King,  18  Oct.,  1667,  to 
—  Douglas,  relict  of  Capt.  A.  Douglas, 
lately  slain  by  the  Dutch  at  Chatham." 
Mrs.  Douglas's  maiden  name  has  not  been 
heretofore  stated.  She  was  daughter,  by  a 
third  marriage,  of  Andrew,  7th  Baron  Gray 
in  the  peerage  of  Scotland,  who  had  suffered 
much  in  the  Royal  cause,  and  was  for  some 
years  commander  of  the  Scots  gens-d'armes 
in  France.  Among  the  *  S.  P.  Domestic ' 
for  (August  ?)  1667  is  a  petition  from 

"  Frances,  widow  of  Capt.  Douglas,  and  daughter 
of  the  late  Lord  Gray,  to  the  King  for  a  gift  or  the 
prize  ship  Golden  Hand,  now  employed  in  weighing 
the  ships  sunk  at  Chatham  when  her  husband  lost 
his  life  in  defence  of  the  ships  against  the  Dutch." 

Frances  Gray's  marriage  to  Archibald 
Douglas  is  not  given  in  any  of  the  Scottish 
Peerages  ;  but  her  second  marriage  to  Capt. 
Mackenzie,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Moray, 
is  duly  recorded  therein. 

As  regards  Capt.  Archibald  Douglas's 
parentage  nothing  has  yet  been  ascertained. 
He  was  undoubtedly  identical  with  the 
Capt.  Archibald  Douglas  to  whom  the 
Protector  and  the  English  Council  granted  a 
pass  for  himself  and  his  brother  William 
to  go  to  France,  21  Aug.,  1655  ('  Cal.  S.  P. 
Dom.').  This  William  Douglas  was  many 
years  an  officer  in  Lord  Dumbarton's 
Regiment,  and  was  knighted  after  the  return 
of  this  corps  to  England  in  1678.  On 
16  July,  1689,  he  was  given  the  lieutenant- 
colonelcy  of  the  Scots  Dragoons,  in  place  of 
Wm.  Livingston  of  Kilsyth.  Sir  William 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 


Douglas  was  transferred  to  the  colonelcy  of 
a  new-raised  regiment  of  foot  in  Scotland, 
1694,  and  attained  the  rank  of  Major- 
General.  Queen  Anne  bestowed  an  addi- 
tional pension  of  £1  per  diem  on  Sir  William 
for  his  services,  and  to  compensate  him 
for  the  loss  of  his  estate  in  France  (Queen 
Anne's  letter  to  the  Scottish  Treasury,  31 
Jan.,  1706,  'Warrant  Book  for  Scotland,' 
vol.  xxi.).  On  the  death  of  this  officer  in 
1710,  his  son,  Lieut. -Col.  Charles  Douglas, 
claimed  and  was  granted  the  pensions 
enjoyed  by  his  late  father  ('  Cal.  Treasury 
Papers').  In  May,  1729,  George  II.  wrote 
an  autograph  letter  to  Louis  XV.  on  behalf 
of  Col.  Charles  Douglas's  claims  to  certain 
lands  in  France,*  which  had  belonged  to 
Sir  William  Douglas,  but  had  been  forfeited 
at  the  commencement  of  the  Anglo-French 
war.  Col.  Douglas  was  the  bearer  of  the 
king's  letter  to  the  King  of  France. f  This 
gallant  officer  was  given  command  of  a  new- 
raised  regiment  of  Marines  on  21  Nov., 
1739,  which  he  commanded  at  the  siege 
of  Carthagena  in  1741,  where  his  head  was 
taken  off  by  a  cannon  ball.  He  left  a 
widow,  Jacobina  Douglas,  and  a  large 
family.  The  youngest  of  his  five  sons  bore 
the  honoured  name  of  Archibald.  The  fourth 
son,  Lieut.  William  Douglas,  died  8  March, 
1743,  aged  seventeen,  and  was  buried  in 
Westminster  Abbey  (Chester's  '  Westminster 
Abbey  Registers,'  p.  362).  On  3  March, 
1761,  Mrs.  Jacobina  Douglas  was  interred 
in  the  same  grave.  CHARLES  D ALTON. 
32,  West  Cromwell  Road. 


'ENGLANDS    PARNASSUS,'  1600. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  341,  401  ;    x.  4,  84.) 

THE  first  edition  of  '  Tottel's  Miscellany  ' 
appeared  5  June,  1557,  or  barely  a  month 
before  the  second  was  issued.  In  the 
meantime,  Tottel  had  procured  the  manu- 
scripts of  thirty-nine  additional  poems, 
which  he  promptly  printed  under  '  Uncertain 
Authors.'  He  also  learned,  before  his 
second  edition  was  printed,  some  fresh  par- 
ticulars concerning  the  authorship  and 
purpose  of  some  of  the  poems  previously 
printed,  and  these  he-  denotes  by  fresh 
headings  for  poems  and  transpositions. 
One  poem,  entitled  "  Not  to  trust  to  much 


*  « The  MSS.  of  the  Marquess  Townshend,' 
p.  121.  From  a  letter  at  Longleat  it  appears  these 
lands  were  "  in  Alsace  and  else  where."  Sir  William 
Douglas  had  acquired  these  estates  by  marriage 
with  a  French  lady  ('Marquess  of  Bath's  MSS.,' 
vol.  iii.  p.  118). 

t  '  Townshend  MSS.'  as  before. 


but  beware  by  others  calamities,"  is  given 
the  new  heading  "  The  lover,  dredding  to» 
move  his  sute  for  dout  of  denial,  accuseth 
all  women  of  disdaine  and  ficklenesse,"" 
and  transferred  further  on  to  precede  a 
poem  which  is  a  direct  answer  to  it  (Arber, 
pp.  136  and  215).  Now,  Tottel  did  not 
know  the  authors  of  these  poems,  but  Allot 
is  so  well  informed  that  he  is  able  to  furnish 
us  with  two  signatures  for  one  of  them. 
It  is  the  second  poem  that  demands  atten- 
tion, its  title  being  "  An  answere  to  a  song- 
before  imprinted  beginyng.  To  walke  on 
doutfull  grounde."  This  case  furnishes  fine- 
examples  of  ancient  and  modern  editing, 
as  we  shall  see.  Here  are  the  extracts  from 
Tottel,  with  their  signatures  : — • 

'  Envie/  p.  85. 
Oft  malice  makes  the  mind  to  shed  the  boyled 

brine. 
And  Envies  humor  oft  unlades  by  conduits  of  the 

eine.  (signed)  T.  W. 

'  Craft,'  £c.,  p.  44. 
Oft  Craft  can  cause  the  man  to  make  a  seeming: 

show 
Of  hart,  with  dolor  all  distaind,  where  grief  doth 

never  grow.  (signed)  S.  T.  B. 

Who  is  "  T.  W."  ?  and  who  is  "  S.  T.  B."  ?' 
Collier  thought  "  T.  W."  stood  for  "  William- 
Warner,"  or  that,  to  save  worry  and  trouble,, 
it  ought  to  do  so  ;  and  therefore  he  credited 
the  entry  to  that  author's  '  Albions  Eng- 
land,' as  he  has  done  with  troublesome- 
passages  elsewhere  in  Allot.  "  T.  W." 
could  be  used  for  Thomas  Watson  ;  but,, 
as  we  know  now  that  the  passage  is  from 
Tottel,  we  may  conclude  that  Allot  meant 
the  initials  to  represent  the  name  of  Sir- 
Thomas  Wyatt. 

In     Allot,     "  S  "     before     other     initials 

fenerally  signifies  "  Sir,"  as  in  the  cases  of 
ir  John  Harington  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
whose  entries  are  sometimes  signed  "S.  J.  H.' r 
and  *'  S.  P.  S."  If,  then,  we  assume  that 
Allot  or  his  printer  made  a  mistake  in  a 
letter,  "  S.  T.  B."  ought  to  read  "  S.  F.  B.," 
or  Sir  Francis  Bryan — a  known  contributor 
to  the  '  Miscellany.'  But  is  Allot' s  testi- 
mony in  this  case  worth  accepting  ?  How 
did  he  know  that  Sir  Francis  Bryan  had  a 
hand  in  the  poem  ?  and  why  does  he  sign 
another  extract  from  it  with  the  initials 
of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  ?  Two  men  did  not 
write  this  one  short  poem,  and  therefore 
Allot  must  have  been  guessing  ;  and  he 
probably  filled  in  the  signatures  after  he 
had  got  his  slips  under  their  own  headings. 
This  explanation  would  account  for  the 
two  signatures,  although  it  is  not  certain 
that  the  initials  stand  for  Wyatt  andi 
Bryan. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


183 


For  the  other  and  remaining  quotation 
from  Tottel,  Collier  goes  again  to  '  Albions 
England '  for  a  reference  which  he  could 
not  trace  elsewhere,  Allot  having  misled 
him  by  giving  a  wrong  signature  : — 

4  Women,'  p.  369. 
Women  were  made  for  this  intent— to  put  us  unto 

paine  ; 

Yet  sure  I  thinke  they  are  a  pleasure  to  the  mind, 
A  joy  which  man  can  never  want,  as  nature  hath 

assignd.     (signed)  "Idem,"  viz.  G.  Chapman. 

Collier  must  have  known  that  Chapman 
never  wrote  in  such  a  style  as  that,  and  there- 
fore he  guessed  it  must  belong  to  Warner, 
who  is  often  quaint  and  antiquated  in  his 
mode  of  expression.  But  the  lines  really 
occur  in  '  Uncertain  Authors '  in  Tottel 
(Arber,  p.  184),  being  the  conclusion  of  a 
poem  with  the  title  beginning  "  That 
nature  which  worketh  al  thinges,"  &c. 

Allot  has  signed  Thomas  Watson's  name 
to  twenty-seven  extracts,  all  of  which  are 
credited  by  Collier  to  that  poet's  '  Ekatom- 
pathia  ;  or,  Passionate  Centurie  of  Love,' 
save  one,  which  he  left  standing  open, 
although  it  was  taken  from  the  same  series 
of  love-sonnets.  One  of  Collier's  ascriptions, 
however,  is  wrong,  and  I  cannot  find  the 
sentence  in  any  other  part  of  Watson's  known 
work.  Here  it  is  : — 

*  Gentleness,'  p.  128. 
Sweet  Gentlenesse  is  Bewties  waiting-maide. 

(signed)  Th.  Watson. 

Collier  added  to  Watson's  quotations  a 
passage  which  Allot  had  signed  "  I.  W."  : — 

'  Women,'  p.  371. 
In  Womens  mouthes  no  is  no  negative. 

It  is  a  rickety  old  proverb,  which  can  be 
picked  out,  in  almost  the  same  words,  from 
many  authors  of  the  period,  Sir  Philip 
Sidney  employing  it  three  times.  But  it  is 
not  in  Watson,  and  there  was  no  need  to  go 
to  that  author  at  all,  the  initials  in  this 
case,  as  elsewhere  in  '  Englands  Parnassus,' 
standing  for  John  Weever,  whom  the 
accurate  Allot  sometimes  calls  "  W. 
Weever,"  just  as  he  once  calls  Christopher 
Marlowe  "  W.  Marlowe "  when  he  credits 
the  latter  with  an  extract  from  John 
Marston. 

Weever's  name  or  initials  occur  fifteen 
times  in  '  Englands  Parnassus,'  but  Collier 
did  not  trace  one  of  the  quotations,  and  I 
have  not  had  the  opportunity  to  identify 
them  myself. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  Allot' s 
quotations  from  Watson,  arranged  as  the 
passages  occur  in  the  poet's  works.  Collier 
must  have  guessed  at  many  of  his  attribu- 
tions, some  of  which  are  wrong,  or  else  they 


omit  particulars  that  would  be  of  service 

to  a  student. 

'  Beau  tie,'   p.  457,  Her  yellow  locks my 

decay     ... Son.    7 

'  Marigold,'    p.    575,    The    Marigold her 

greatest  grace  ..*•        ,,      9* 

'  Musicke,'  p.  253,  Esclepiad  did  cure had 

wprne ,,    13 

'Musicke,  p.   253,   Some  that  report to 

meate  againe ,,    14 

'Love,' p.  206,  Love  is  a  sowre  delight 

world  of  woe ,,    18 

'Eagle,'  p.  575,  No  bird,  but  Jove's,  can 

the  sunne         ,,    21 

Eagle,'  p.  575, En  vies  bird sacred  to 

the  sunne         ,,    34 

'  Honour,'  p.  158,  Honour,  by  due  right,  is 

vertues  hire     ,,    34 

Love,'   p.  212,  Love  gainsaid  growes 

madder  then  before ,,    38 

'  Beautie,'  p.  470,  Her  curled  locks Tithori 

did  beguile      „    54 

'  Love,'  p.  496,  The  man  that  dwells woes 

are  blisse         ,,    57 

'Delay,'  p.  66,  For  daunger  growes when 

life  is  past       ,,    59" 

'  Love,'  p.  208,  Love  hath  two  shafts what 

is  nought          ,,    63 

'  Hope,'  p.  163,  Hope  lost  breeds  grief e  ; 

paine,  disease ,,    63- 

'Fancie,'  p.  101,  Fancie  by  kind striveth 

still        „    64 

'Love,' p.  210,  This  is  the  least  effect of 

the  hart  ,,    71 

'  Love,'  p.  217, Gods  themselves doth 

forsake ,,    71' 

'Time,'  p.  337,   Time  doth  consume...... at 

length „    77 

'Love,'  p.  221,  When  heate  of  Love end 

of  woe ,,    79-- 

'Muses,'  p.  252,  The  Muses faster  then 

before „    83 

'  Libertie,'  p.  196,  Sweete  Libertie all  the 

rockes ,,    85 

'Love,' p.  217,  Love  hath  delight soules 

to  thrall  ...    „    89 

'  Reason,'  p.  295,  Or  did  not  Reason turne 

againe „    93 

'Love,'  p.  497,  The  harpie  byrds love  is 

past        „    97 

'Love,'  p.  219,  For  every  pleasure therein 

abound ,,    97 

'  Love,'  p.  203,  Love  is  a  braine-sicke  boy, 

are  accurst      ,,    98  . 

CHAS.  CRAWFOBD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


'DICTIONARY    OF    NATIONAL 
BIOGRAPHY:    EPITOME.' 

(See  10  S.  ix.  21,  47,  83,  152,  211,  294,  397,, 
431.) 

SUBJOINED  is  a  second  century  of  omis- 
sions from,  and  additions  to,  this  volume, 
along  with  about  twenty  names  of  celebrities 
who  have  died  since  its  issue,  deemed  worthy 
of  consideration.  In  many  cases  I  have 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 


refrained  from  giving  fuller  details,  on  ac- 
count of  the  space  required. 
Abbot  (Archbp.  George)     Add: Author  of -'Brief 
Description    of   the    Whole  World,'    1599,    fre- 

3uently  reprinted  up  to  1664. 
ams  (Orion),  d.  1797.  Son  of  Roger  Adams.  An 
eccentric  roaming  printer,  settled  for  a  short  time 
at  Manchester,  Chester,  Birmingham,  Plymouth, 
London,  and  Dublin  respectively.  Published  a 
folio  Bible  at  Birmingham,  1769,  in  conjunction 
with  Nicholas  Boden,  a  rival  folio  Bible  being 
issued  the  same  year  by  Baskerville.  "  At  the 
memorable  Stratford  Jubilee,"  says  his  bio- 
grapher, "he  was  distinguished  as  a  brilliant 
•character  from  Birmingham,  in  his  own  carriage. 
A  few  months  later,  such  was  the  versatility  of 
his  fortune,  he  sank  into  the  humble  character 
of  a  distributor  of  playbills  to  an  itinerant  corn- 
Adams'  (Roger).  Printer  and  proprietor  of  The 
Manchester  Weekly  Journal,  1719,  and  afterwards 
of  The  Chester  Courant. 

Allen  (John  Romilly,  F.S.A.),  b.  9  June,  1847;  d. 
6  July,  1907.  Obituary  in  Athenceum,  13  July,  1907. 
See  also  'Who's  Who'  for  1902. 

Allestree  (Richard),  1619-81.  Stated  by  'D.N.B.' 
to  be  the  author  of  '  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  ' ; 
but  see  Hughes's  'History  of  Meltham,'  1866, 
which  traverses  the  whole  course  of  this  long- 
disputed  avithorship,  and  disposes  of  Allestree, 
along  with  about  a  dozen  other  claimants.  The 
anonymous  series  of  seven  works  is  there  credited 
to  Abraham  Woodhead,  with  evidence  adduced. 

Andrew  (Abel),  d.  Torquay,  1901  (?).  Sailor  and 
author.  An  eccentric  man.  Author  of  '  The 
Bible  of  the  Future,'  1889;  'Books  and  Men,' 
1891 ;  '  Vegetarianism  and  Evolution ' ;  '  How  to 
Cure  Consumption,'  1900. 

Andrews  (John),  d.  9  Nov.,  1841,  aged  53.  Book- 
seller and  theatrical  agent.  Published  many 
popular  works.  Speculated  more  extensively  in 
theatrical  boxes  than  any  other  person,  the 
amount  reaching  10,000^.  or'12,000/.  in  one  season. 
Although  a  heavy  loser  in  German  opera  specu- 
lation, he  left  a  fortune  of  over  80,000^. 

Arch  (Arthur  Portsmouth),  d.  5  % April,  1839,  aged 
71.  Quaker  bookseller,  of  the  firm  of  John  and 
Arthur  Arch,  Cornhill,  for  many  years  the 
principal  dealers  in  rare  books  in  the  eastern 
quarter  of  the  metropolis ;  styled  by  Dibdin  the 
"  Gemini  of  the  East." 

Arnold  (Sir  Edwin),  K.C.I. E.,  b.  Gravesend, 
10  June,  1832;  d.  1904.  Principal  of  Poona 
Sanskrit  College,  1856-61.  A  long  list  of  works  in 
London  Library  Catalogue. 

Bacon  (John  Mackenzie),  M.A.,  b.  1846.  Aeronaut, 
lecturer,  and  man  of  science.  Known  as  the 
"real  sky  pilot."  His  life  and  hairbreadth 
escapes  published  by  his  daughter  in  '  Record  of 
an  Aeronaut.' 

Badger  (Richard).  Philanthropist,  and  projector 
of  a  fresh  National  Memorial  to  Shakespeare, 
towards  which  scheme  he  offered  4,500/.  B.  at 
Shipston-on-Stour,  3  Feb.,  1820:  d.  at  Leaming- 
ton, 5  Nov.,  1907.  Amassed  a  large  fortune  as  a 
wine  merchant.  Built  and  endowed  a  cottage 
hospital  at  Shipston  in  memory  of  his  wife. 
Contributed  1,000£.  towards  the  cost  of  getting  a 
pure  water  supply,  and  erected  drinking  fountains 
there.  A  generous  giver  to  the  poor,  to  churches, 
find  in  general  to  all  worthy  objects. 


Beard  (Thomas),  d.  1632.  Add :  Translator  (?)  of 
La  Primaudaye's  'French  Academie.' 

Beaumont  (Rev.  James  Akroyd),  M.A.,  d.  1890  (?). 
Formerly  chaplain  to  the  Earl  Fitzwilliam. 
Bibliophile,  linguist,  and  benefactor.  In  memory 
of  his  only  son  (who  died  early)  he  gave  to  Lea- 
mington College,  now  defunct,  a  reference  library 
(1882-3),  also  a  chapel  organ.  These  gifts  are  now- 
housed  in  the  Public  Library  and  Town  Hall 
respectively.  He  also  gave  a  reference  library  to 
Leamington  Public  Library,  1  Jan.,  1886. 

Beetoii  (S.  O.),  d.  June,  1877.    Publisher. 

Begley  (Rev.  Walter  E.).  Bibliophile  and  author 
of  '  Is  it  Shakespeare  ? '  1903.  His  extensive 
library  sold  at  auction  April,  1906. 

Bell  (George),  d.  Dec.,  1890.  Publisher,  and  founder 
of  his  house  in  1838.  Son  of  a  Richmond  (Yorks) 
bookseller.  First  publisher  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

Bennett  (Charles  Henry),  1829-67.  Add:  Author 
of  'Shadows,'  1856;  'Fables  from  ^Esop.'  1857; 
'Proverbs  with  Pictures,'  1858;  'Old  Nurse's 
Book  of  Rhymes,  Jingles,  and  Ditties,'  1858 : 
'Little  Breeches,'  1862:  'Nine  Lives  of  a  Cat,' 
1862 ;  '  Nursery  Fun,'  1862 ;  '  Surprising  Adven- 
tures of  Young  Munchausen,'  1865. 

Biddle  (Edward*.  Author  of  'A  Poem  on  the 
Birth  of  the  Young  Prince.  To  which  is  added 
"  Augustus  :  a  Tragedy,"'  1717.  The  preface  con- 
tains the  titles  of  five  other  pieces  by  Biddle. 

Birrell  (Charles  M.).  Liverpool  Nonconformist 
minister.  Author  of  '  Life  of  Richard  Kriill  of 
St.  Petersburg,'  1859.  Father  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Aug.  Birrell. 

Black  (R.  Harrison),  LL.D.  Author  of  'The 
Student's  Manual,'  1847  ;  '  Etymological  and  Ex- 
planatory Dictionary  of  Words  derived  from  the 
Latin.' 

Boden  (Nicholas*).  Birmingham  printer  and  pub- 
lisher. Published  a  folio  Bible  (part  of  which 
was  printed  in  Baskerville's  office)  in  conjunction 
with  Orion  Adams  in  1769.  Carried  on  a  printed 
warfare  with  Baskerville,  whom  doubtless  the 
issue  of  this  Bible  caused  to  return  from  retire- 
ment to  printing,  by  issuing  a  rival  Bible. 

Bohn  (John  Henry  Martin).  Bookbinder  and  book- 
seller. Commenced  business  in  Frith  Street, 
Soho,  1795.  Father  of  H.  G.  Bohn. 

Booth  (John),  d.  30  Jan.,  1840.  aged  70.  Eldest  son 
of  Lionel  Booth.  Succeeded  his  father  as  a  book- 
seller in  1799,  and  conducted  the  business  in  old 
and  curious  books  for  nearly  forty  years.  His 
collection  was  one  of  the  largest  of  the  period. 
Assisted  Malone  in  the  preparation  of  his  com- 
mentary on  Shakespeare. 

Booth  (Lionel).  Bookseller.  Established  business 
in  Duke  Street,  Portland  Place,  London,  about 
1780.  Received  appointment  in  the  Stamp  Office 
1799,  and  succeeded  by  his  son  John  as  a  bookseller. 

Bryan  (Sir  Francis).  Add:  Contributor  to  'Songes 
and  Sonettes,'  1557. 

Burbidge  (Canon  John),  b.  17  Sept.,  1825;  d. 
Streatham,  20  Feb.,  1908.  Trained  for  commer- 
cial life.  Forsook  business  for  the  Church  in 
1853.  Author  of  '  Thoughts  by  the  Way'  (poems) ; 
'  Trifles,  and  other  Poems ' ;  '  My  Study  Chair ' ; 
'Churchmen  Equipped';  'Sermons  on  Bunyan's 
"  Pilgrim's  Progress  " ' ;  and  other  works. 

Callow  (William),  R.W.S.,  F.R.G.S.,  b.  at  Green- 
wich, 28  July,  1812 ;  d.  Gt.  Missenden,  21  Feb., 
1908.  "  Last  of  the  old  school  of  English  Water- 
colour  Artists  "  —  the  school  which  included 
Turner,  Fielding,  Cox,  and  Prout. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


185 


Chetwind  (John).  Add:  Author  of  'Anthologia 
Historica,'  1674. 

Chetwood  (W.  R.),  d.  1766.  Add :  Author  of 
*  Theatrical  Records,'  1756. 

Cobbett  (James  Paul),  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Son  of 
William  Cobbett.  Author  of  'A  Ride  of  800 
Miles  in  France,'  1824. 

Cobbett  (John  M.),  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Son  of  Wm. 
Cobbett.  Author  of  '  Letters  from  France,'  1825. 

Collingwpod  (Samuel),  d.  1  Jan.,  1841,  aged  78.  For 
forty-six  years  Superintendent  of  the  Oxford 
University  Press.  The  accuracy  of  many  learned 
works  printed  there  during  that  period  is  largely 
due  to  his  knowledge  and  care.  Author  of  '  The 
Christian  Convert,'  1820;  'On  Religious  Expe- 
rience,' 1825. 

Cotes  (Richard),  fl.  1627-40.  Publisher.  Co-successor 
to  Dorothy  Jaggard's  business  in  1627.  Clothed 
by  the  Stationers'  Company,  28  Oct.,  16&3. 

Cotes  (Thomas),  fl.  1627-40.  Publisher  and  printer. 
Co-successor  to  Dorothy  Jaggard's  business  in 
1627.  Published  the  second  edition  of  Shake- 
speare's works,  1632,  folio. 

Craig  ( W.  J. ).  Editor  of  ' The  Arden  Shakespeare,' 
1899,  &c. ;  'Oxford  Shakespeare,'  1902;  and  other 
works. 

Crosby  (Benjamin),  b.  near  Leeds,  1768 ;  d.  16  Aug., 
1815.  Bookseller  and  publisher  of  Stationers' 
Hall  Court.  One  "of  the  first  men  to  travel 
through  the  country  to  extend  his  sales.  Through 
paralysis  he  sold  off  the  bulk  of  his  stock  in 
1814  to  Robert  Baldwin  and  Messrs.  Cradock  & 
Joy.  His  assistants  Simpkin  and  Marshall  (q.  v.) 
retained  the  premises  and  part  of  the  stock, 
founding  the  huge  wholesale  business  which  still 
exists. 

Cudden  (Robert).  Thought  to  be  R.  C.  who  con- 
tributed three  poems  to  his  kinsman  George 
Whetstone's  '  Rocke  of  Regard,'  1576. 

Cullender  (Rose).  Tried  by  Sir  Matthew  Hale  in 
1664  for  witchcraft,  and  hung. 

Dacres  (Edward).  Translator  of  'Nicholas  Ma- 
chiavel's  "Prince,"'  1640. 

Davidee  (G.  Bolwell),  b.  Bristol,  Aug.,  1793;  d. 
31  Jan.,  1842.  Actor  and  lessee  of  various 
theatres.  Apprenticed  to  printing,  which  he 
forsook  for  the  drama.  Made  and  lost  a  fortune. 
Became  bankrupt,  but  eventually  paid  his  credi- 
tors in  full,  and  left  at  his  death  liberal  bequests 
to  various  charities. 

Domville  (Sir  William),  Bt.,  b.  St.  Albans, 
26  Dec.,  1742;  d.  8  Feb.,  1833.  Buried  in 
St.  Albans  Abbey.  Commenced  business  as  a 
bookseller  under  the  Royal  Exchange.  Retired, 
with  a  fortune  honourably  obtained,  in  the  prime 
of  life.  Sheriff  of  London  1804  ;  Alderman  1805  ; 
Lord  Mayor  1813.  Master  of  the  Stationers'  Com- 
pany, who  presented  him  with  his  portrait,  housed 
at  Stationers'  Hall,  painted  by  W.  Owen,  R.A. 

Dowty  (A.  A.)— not  Doughty,  as  entered  10  S.  ix. 
21.  B.  1847.  Contributed  to  Figaro  under  the 
pen-name  of  0.  P.  Q.  Philander  Smiff.  Author  of 
' Coster  Ballads,'  ' Connubial  Bliss,'  'Comic  His- 
tory of  England,'  '  Figaro's  Natural  History,'  and 
'Dowty  Deeds.' 

Dudley  (Sir  H.  B.\  1745-1824.  Add:  Author  of 
Modern  Characters  from  Shakespeare,'  1778, 
several  times  reprinted. 

Duncan  (Geillis).  Servantmaid  and  professed  witch 
in  reign  of  James  VI.  and  I.  Under  torture  she 
accused  others  of  witchcraft,  for  which  they  were 
imprisoned.  See  Sampson  (Agnes),  post. 


Dunning  (John\  first  Baron  Ash  burton.  Add : 
'  Letters  of  Junius '  attributed  to  him. 

Duny  (Amy),  convicted  before  Sir  Matthew  Hale 
of  witchcraft,  1664,  and  hung. 

Fian  or  Fyan  (John).  Schoolmaster  at  Tranent, 
near  Edinburgh,  in  reign  of  James  VI.  and  I. 
Appointed  "  Devil's  Recorder,  to  register  names- 
of,  and  administer  oaths  to,  witches."  Con- 
demned by  the  King  to  be  strangled  and  burnt. 

Field  (William),  1768-1851.  '  D.N.B.'  says  ';  kept 
boarding  school  at  Learn."  For  "Learn "read 

Leamington.     Add:    Author  of    'Historical 

Account    of  Warwick    and    Leamington,'   1815  ? 
'New  Guide to  Warwick,'  1823. 

Flower  (Charles  Edward),  eldest  son  of  Edward1 
Fordham  Flower ;  b.  Old  Town,  Stratford  ;  d. 
3  May,  1892.  Stratford-on-Avon  benefactor  and 
Shakespearian  enthusiast.  Founded  the  Shake- 
speare Reference  Library,  Picture  Gallery, 
Memorial  Theatre,  and  Bancroft  Public  Gardens 
at  Stratford,  to  which  schemes  he  contributed1 
about  thirty  thousand  pounds.  Author  of  '  Shake- 
speare on  Horseback '  and  '  Shakespeare  no  Dog- 
Fancier/  Edited  Memorial  Edition  of  Shake- 
speare's Works,  1879-91. 

Foote  (Samuel).  Add  :  Author  of  '  Treatise  on  the 
Passions,'  1767. 

Foster  (Joseph).  Genealogist.  Author  of  'Stem- 
mata  Britannica :  Un titled  Nobility,'  1877; 
'  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  1880-83  ; 
•Members  of  Parliament,'  1882;  'Noble  and 
Gentle  Families  of  Royal  Descent,'  1884  ;  '  Men 
at  the  Bar,'  1885.  Edited  "The  De  Walden 
Library,"  &c. 

Fourdrinier  (Charles),  d.  7  Feb.,  1841,  aged  73. 
Wholesale  stationer.  Filled  the  office  of  Master 
in  two  companies,  Stationers'  and  Drapers'  re- 
spectively. 

WILLIAM  JAGGARD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


NUTTING  TIME  :  "  COBBEBEB."  -  The 
common  hazel  and  hedge  nut  will  soon  be 
in  season,  and  in  places  near  where  they 
grow  there  will  be. the  litter  of  shells  and 
beards  which  shows  that  nutting  time  has 
begun.  September  is  the  month  for  nuts 
in  the  Midlands,  and  lads  and  lasses  will 
go  a-nutting  (unless  the  custom  is  dead 
since  fifty  years  ago),  armed  with  a  crooked 
stick  for  pulling  down  the  boughs,  and 
baskets  or  small  milkcans  for  putting  the 
gathered  nuts  in.  We  used  to  look  out  for 
clusters  of  two,  three,  four,  and  five,  and 
those  who  got  the  last  growing  on  one  stem, 
all  in  a  bunch,  considered  they  had  a  prize, 
particularly  if  the  nuts  were  evenly  disposed, 
one  in  the  middle.  I  have  still,  after  many 
years,  a  cluster  of  five,  though  not  evenly 
arranged.  A  cluster  of  three  was  lucky, 
the  others  not  considered  of  much  account. 

It  was  in  September  that  the  game  of 
cob-nut  came  in,  when  we  fought  nut 
against  nut,  the  combatants  threaded  on 
waxed  strings.  The  best  nuts  for  this  game- 
were  those  which  grew  singly  on  hazels- 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  IMS. 


in  the  hedgerows.  To  be  good  and  true 
fighters,  they  had  to  be  short,  nearly  round, 
with  bull-noses,  flat  and  broad,  something 
like  the  nose  of  a  bulldog,  and  this  was 
probably  why  we  called  them  "  bullies." 
There  were  several  ways  of  "  training " 
•or  preparing  these  warriors  for  the  fray. 
'Gathered,  after  careful  selection,  before 
the  beards  began  to  turn  brown,  they 
were  stripped  of  their  beards,  and  dried  in  a 
careful  way  in  the  sun  or  on  the  hob.  Some 
lads  let  them  lie  buried  in  cow-shards  for  a 
week  before  drying.  When  dry,  they  were 
bored  very  carefully.  The  fights  between 
nut  and  nut  went  on  for  some  weeks,  and 
the  more  nuts  a  nut  broke,  the  higher 
its  "  cobberer  "  grew,  and  I  have  known 
some  "  bullies  "  become  the  "  cobberer  "  of 
some  scores  of  nuts.  The  word  "  cobberer" 
stood  for  "  conqueror."  During  the  time  the 
cob-nut  game  was  in,  the  couplet, 

Jick,  Jack,  Jell, 

Ah  shonner  pley  th'  shell ! 

'was  to  be  heard  from  every  group  of  lads, 
for  no  other  game  was  in  until  "  cob-nut  " 
went  out.  There  were  many  niceties  about 
the  game,  and  if  a  lad  was  quick  enough  to 
•call  out, 

Jick,  Jack,  Jell, 

An'  yo  mun  pley  me  shell ! 

as  soon  as  he  found  out  that  his  nut  was 
damaged,  his  opponent  was  bound  to  go 
on  until  the  finish,  when  the  conquering 
nut  was  rubbed  with  a  portion  of  the 
victim's  shell,  adding  one  more  "cobberer," 
And  also  the  "  cobberer  "  which  the  losing 
nut  might  have  acquired  in  previous  combats. 
It  is  quite  fifty  years  since  I  used  my  last 
•cob-nut  for  "  cobbering  "  other  nuts. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Work  sop. 

[A  similar  game  is  played  in  London  by  boys  with 
horse-chestnuts.  ] 

n  FLYING  MACHINES:  "AVIATION." — 
Bishop  John  Kinge,  in  his  '  Lectvres  vpon 
lonas,'  "  delivered  at  Yorke "  in  1594 
(Oxford,  1597),  p.  614,  comments  thus  :— 

"  Some  haue  gone  about  to  imitate  the  workes  of 
creation,  as  to  make  thunders  and  lightnings,  and 
to  fly  in  the  aire  ;  but  they  haue  paid  the  price  of 
saying  in  their  foolish  harts,  I  wil  be  like  the  most 
High." 

Bishop  John  Wilkins,  in  his  '  Discovery 
of  a  New  World,'  1636  (4th  ed.,  1684,  i.  183), 
writes  : — 

"  'Tis  not  perhaps  impossible,  that  a  Man  may  be 
able  to  Fly,  by  the  Application  of  Wings  to  his 
own  Body  ;  As  Angels  are  Pictured,  as  Mercury  and 
Daedalus  are  feigned,  and  as  hath  been  attempted 
by  divers,  particularly  by  a  Turk  in  Constantinople, 
as  Busbequius  Relates." 


"Aviation"  is  a  new  word,  not  in  the 
'  N.E.D.'  It  is  no  doubt  derived,  like 
aviarius,  from  avis,  but  avius  means  "  out 
of  the  way."  W.  C.  B. 

TYPOGRAPHICAL  PUZZLE. — Here  is  a  funny 
instance  of  the  unintelligibility  by  which  the 
editors  of  the  '  New  English  Dictionary ' 
are  from  time  to  time  for  a  moment  pulled 
up,  and  by  which  dictionary-makers  have 
sometimes  been  reduced  into  the  admission 
of  bogus  words  : — 

1673,  A.  Marvell,  'Corresp.'  ('Wks.,'  1872-5, 
vol.  ii.  p.  413),  lett.  211:  "These  great  collections 
of  hands  that  come  men  found  themselves  upon 
having  been  prosured  among  the  raffe  of  the  meaner 
and  most  unexperienced  mariners." 

Readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  will  not  need  to  have 
the  errant  letters  pointed  out — at  least  not 
for  a  week.  They  are  "  all  there." 

J.  A.  H.  M. 

"  AS  THICK  AS  INKLE -MAKERS." My  SOU, 

Mr.  Alfred  F.  Robbins,  has  brought  to  my 
notice  a  paragraph  that  appeared  in  Apple- 
bee's  Weekly  Journal  of  28  Nov.,  1719,  in 
which  it  was  said  of  some  people  that,  after 
a  quarrel,  they  were  again  "  as  great  as 
inkle-makers."  This  brings  to  my  memory 
the  fact  that  in  my  early  days  at  Launceston, 
when  the  woollen  manufacture  still  existed 
in  that  part  — and  that  is  now  fully  seventy- 
five  years  ago — the  proverb  "  As  thick  as 
inkle-makers "  was  commonly  applied  to 
great  cronies,  because  inkle-makers  had  to 
work  very  closely  together.  Another  woollen 
trade  phrase  of  that  time,  "  They  run  like 
skeiners,"  explains  itself  to  any  who  have 
seen  an  old  hand-loom.  R.  ROBBINS. 

[For  other  communications  on  "inkle"  see  5  S. 
ix.  7,  153,  299  ;  x.  156 ;  xi.  156 ;  6  S.  iii.  347.] 

WILLIAM  COLLINS,  THE  POET. — The  in- 
formation about  the  life  of  the  hapless 
Collins  is  so  slight  that  the  following  refer- 
ences to  him  in  '  The  Letters  to  Gilbert 
White  of  Selborne  from  John  Mulso  '  (1907) 
are  worthy  of  preservation  : — 

P.  3.  18  July,  1744.—"  I  saw  Collins  in  Town,  he 
is  entirely  an  Author,  and  hardly  speaks  out  of 
Rule  :  I  hope  his  Subscriptions  go  on  well  in  Ox- 
ford :  He  told  me  that  poor  Hargrave  [probably 
Thomas  Hargrave,  matric.  Christ  Church  20  Dec., 
1742]  was  quite  abandon'd,  that  He  frequented 
night  Cellars  ;  I  am  sure  you  will  be  sorry  for  it,  it 
really  concerns  me  when  I  think  of  it,  that  so 
sprightly  a  Genius  and  so  much  good-nature  should 
be  so  thrown  away." 

P.  7.  [London]  8  Oct.,  1744.—"  Collins  is  now  my 
next  neighbour.  I  breakfasted  with  him  this 
morning,  and  Capn.  Hargrave  play'd  on  ye  Harpsi- 
chord, which  He  has  not  forgott  quite  so  much  as 
He  has  Himself." 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  im]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


187 


P.  9.  7  Sept.,  1745.—  "  Collins  has  been  some 
Time  return'd  from  Flanders,  in  order  to  put  on  ye 
Gown  as  I  hear,  and  get  a  chaplaincy  in  a  Regiment. 
Don't  laugh,  indeed  I  don't  on  these  occasions  : 
This  will  be  ye  second  acquaintance  of  mine  who 
becomes  ye  Thing  He  most  derides." 

P.  14.  [London]  28  May,  1746.  —  "  I  can't  help 
telling  You,  tho'  'tis  a  little  uncharitable,  that 
Collins  appears  in  good  cloaths  and  a  wretched 
•carcass,  at  all  ye  gay  Places,  tho'  it  was  with  ye 
iitmost  Difficulty  that  He  scrap'd  together  5  pound 
for  Miss  Bundy  at  whose  Suit  He  was  arrested  and 
whom  by  his  own  confession  He  never  intended  to 
pay.  I  don't  believe  He  will  tell  ye  Story  in  Verse, 
tho'  some  circumstances  of  his  taking  would  be 
burlesque  enough.  The  Bailiff  introduc'd  himself 
with  4  Gentlemen  who  came  to  drink  Tea,  and  who 
«,!!  together  could  raise  but  one  Guinea.  The 
(a  word  He  is  fond  of)  was  quite 


striking  and  ye  catastrophe  quite  poetical  and 
interesting." 

P.  15.  1  Aug.,  1746.  —  "I  have  just  reciev'd  a 
Letter  from  Collin's  [sic],  dated  Antwerp.  He  gives 
me  a  very  descriptive  Journal  of  his  Tra  veils  thro' 
Holland  to  that  Place,  which  He  is  in  Raptures 
about,  and  promises  a  more  particular  Account  of  : 
He  is  in  high  Spirits,  tho'  near  ye  French.  He  was 
just  setting  out  for  ye  Army,  which  He  says  are  in 
a  poor  way,  and  He  met  many  wounded  and  sick 
Countrymen  as  He  travell'd  from  Helvoet-Sluys." 

P.  188.  2  April,  1764.—"  I  have  read  Collins'  s 
Life.  Not  enough  is  said,  if  it  was  right  to  say  any 
Thing  at  all  :  His  Genius  is  not  enough  called  forth 
to  Light,  to  whet  ye  Reader  to  buy  one  of  hia 
Works.  As  to  Hampton,  we  had  always  a  Dislike 
to  ye  Man,  tho'  ingenious,  and  his  present  Life  does 
not  take  off  that  Prevention." 

The  'Life'  referred  to  is  that  in  Gent. 
Mag.,  1764,  pp.  23-4,  by  the  Rev.  William 
Hampton,  for  whom  see  Foster's  '  Alumni 
Oxon.'  ;  it  contained  Johnson's  character 
of  Collins  from  the  '  Poetical  Calendar  '  of 
Fawkes  and  Woty,  vol.  xii. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

"  SLAVEY."  —  A  curious  instance  of  the 
-use  of  this  slang  word,  mainly  employed 
by  the  lower-class  Cockney  to  describe  a 
domestic  servant,  is  to  be  found  in  the 
recently  published  '  Letters  of  Queen  Vic- 
toria.' Leopold  I.  of  Belgium,  writing  to 
the  then  Princess  Victoria  in  1836,  said  : 

"Now  that  slavery  is  even  abolished  in  the 
British  colonies,  I  do  not  comprehend  why  your  lot 
-alone  should  be  to  be  kept  a  white  little  slavey  in 
Jingland,  for  the  pleasure  of  the  Court,  who  never 
bought  you,  as  I  am  not  aware  of  their  having  gone 
to  any  expense  on  that  head,  or  the  King's  even 
having  spent  a  sixpence  for  your  existence.'" 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

COMLOQUOY  SURNAME.  —  This  Orcadian 
name  is  worthy  of  record  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  as  the 
holders  of  it  boast  that  they  are  the  only 
family  in  the  world  with  this  name. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Mromness,  Orkney. 


(fimrwa* 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


HAMPSTEAD  IN  SONG. — I  am  compiling  a 
list  of  all  the  references  to  Hampstead  in 
song  and  verse,  sentimental,  humorous,  or 
otherwise.  I  also  wish  to  include  single 
verses  as  well  as  complete  poems,  and  should 
be  glad  of  any  help  in  the  matter,  especially 
in  the  direction  of  privately  printed  items, 
of  which  there  must  be  a  good  many. 
It  might  save  time  if  I  state  that  I  am  aware 
of  the  existence  of  the  '  Hampstead  Garner.' 
Kilburn  and  Primrose  Hill  might  be  in- 
cluded, as  they  are  partly  within  our 
borough.  E.  E.  NEWTON. 

7,  Achilles  Road,  West  End,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

ARABIC  NUMERALS  ON  A  BRASS  AT  WIN- 
CHESTER.— I  shall  be  obliged  to  any  one  who 
will  throw  light  on  the  date  1410  published 
in  The  Antiquary  (vol.  xxxviii.  p.  258),  from 
a  rubbing  by  W.  C.  Banks,  as  existing  on 
the  brass  of  John  de  Campden  in  Holy 
Cross,  Winchester.  Rubbings  of  this  brass 
show  no  date  at  all,  nor  is  such  a  date 
mentioned  in  any  of  the  publications  of 
the  brass  known  to  me.  G.  F.  HILL. 

SMALLPOX  HOSPITAL  IN  1804 :  ALEX- 
ANDRA INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  BLIND. — A 
Smallpox  Hospital  is  named  in  some  papers 
I  recently  read  as  existing  in  London  during 
1804.  Can  any  reader  say  where  it  was 
situated  ? 

I  should  also  like  to  discover  what  the 
Alexandra  Institution  for  the  Blind  was, 
and  its  location.  It  was  apparently  existing 
in  1875.  J.  E.  D.  H. 

WESLEY  IN  GERMANY  AND  HOLLAND. — 
In  July,  1738,  Wesley  travelled  via  the 
Rhine  to  Frankfort,  and  thence  to  Herrn- 
hut,  by  the  great  road  through  Gelnhausen 
to  Fulda,  Eisenach,  and  onwards.  By  the 
help  of  atlases,  Baedeker,  and  cyclists'  road- 
books, I  have  located,  and  have  found  the 
modern  spelling  of  most  of  his  place-names, 
some  of  these  being  strangely  disguised. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  help  me  to  the 
following?  (1)  "  Ulph,"  from  which  he 
writes  letters  to  his  mother  and  his  brother 
Samuel.  It  is  probably  in  Palatine  Bavaria, 
and  is  perhaps  the  castle  of  "  the  Count  of 
Solmes."  (2)  "  Offenau  "  and  "  Steinau," 
which  follow  Gelnhausen  as  Wesley  moves 
eastward ;  the  '  Journal,'  1st  ed.,  gives 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 


"  Strenau,"  perhaps  by  a  mere  misprint, 
(3)  "  Rickhersch,"  between  Fulda  and 
Marksuhl.  (4)  "  Hauswalde,"  near  Dresden. 

I  should  be  glad  also  of  any  topographical 
elucidation  of  a  later  entry,  22  June,  1783, 
when  he  was  at  Amsterdam  : — 

"  After  dinner in  a  coach  to  the  Mere,  and 

thence  round   the    country    to    Zeeburg From 

Amsterdam  to  Meer  is  all  a  train  of  gardens. 
Turning  upon  the  left,  you  then  open  upon  the 
Texel,  which  spreads  into  a  sea.  Zeeburg  itself  is  a 
little  house  built  upon  the  edge  of  it,  which 
commands  both  a  land  and  sea  prospect." 
The  italicized  words  will  probably  be  per- 
fectly clear  to  local  knowledge. 

H.  J.  FOSTER. 

Southport. 

ANATOLE  FRANCE  :  '  THE  GARDEN  OF 
EPICURUS.' — 

"  Qu'un  Dieu  serait  miserable  a  ma  place Un 

dieu,  ma  bieri-aimee,  ne  pourrait  souffrir,  ne  pourrait 
mourir  pour  toi  !  "—P.  65,  French  edition. 

This  sentiment  is  said  by  the  author  to  be 
derived  from  an  English  poet.  Who  is  he  ? 

NEL  MEZZO. 

"  PLUS  JE  CONNAIS  LES  HOMMES,"  &C. 

Which  of  the  subjoined  forms  of  quotation 
is  correct — "  Plus  je  connais  les  hommes, 

Elus  j'aime  les  chiens,"  or  "  Plus  je  connais 
5S    hommes,    plus    j' admire    les    chiens  "  ? 
I  have  seen  it  given  both  ways.     The  saying 
is,  I  believe,  attributed  to  Madame  Roland. 

FRANCES  BURMESTER. 
Wrentham  Lodge,  Bournemouth. 

[Mr.  Francis  King  gives  it,  in  the  form  "  Plus  je 
rois  les  hommes,  plus  j'admire  les  chiens,"  among 
the  '  Adespota,'  or  quotations  which  he  has  failed 
to  trace  to  their  authors,  at  the  end  of  the  1904 
edition  of  his  'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations.'] 

TAINE  :  "  TENIR  UNE  QUEUE  DE  VACHE 
A  LA  MAIN." — What  is  the  meaning  of  the 
following  expression  in  Taine's  '  Vie  et 
Correspondance,'  i.  296  ? — 

"  Je  me  repete  tous  les  jours  que  quand  on  meurt 
u  Surate  il  taut  tenir  une  queue  de  vache  &  la  main." 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

"  FIT  AS  A  FIDDLE." — I  should  be  very 
glad  to  learn  the  origin  of  the  expression 
"  Fit  as  a  fiddle." 

(Miss)  K.  L.  CANNON. 

[We  presume  the  reference  is  to  the  fact  that  a 
fiddle  is  strung  up  to  the  adequate  pitch  before  it 
is  used.] 

SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON  AND  THE  CAT. — A 
child's  book  was  published  about  fifty 
years  ago  containing  a  picture  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton  with  a  saw  in  his  hand,  gazing  at 
the  holes  which  he  had  cut  in  the  door  of 


his   workroom   to    admit    his    cat    and   her 
kitten.     Would    a    reader    indicate    where 
the  book  or  (better)  the  original  wroodcut 
can  be  procured  ?          BERTRAM  BLOUNT. 
St.  Stephen's  Club,  Westminster. 

SILESIAIST  TOOTH. — Is  anything  known 
of  the  young  Silesian  alluded  to  in  the 
following  passage  from  Naude's  '  Apologie 
pour  les  grands  personnages  soup9onnez, 
de  Magie,'  and  his  curious  tooth  ? 

"II  n'y  auroit  aussi  nulle  raison  de  prendre  cette- 
cuisse  [he  is  speaking  of  the  golden  thigh  of  Pytha- 
goras] k  la  lettre,  et  de  croire  qu'elle  ait  este  d'or 
massif,  comme  la  dent  du  jeune  garcon  de  Silesie 
qui  vivoit  il  n'y  a  pas  trerite  ans."— Chap.  x.  p.  230,. 
ed.  1653. 

FRANK  W.  HACQUOIL. 

Penarth. 

[Some  notes  on  persons  with  extraordinary  teeth 
will  be  found  at  9  S.  xi.  488 ;  xii.  71 ;  10  S.  ix.  326  ; 
x.  75.] 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
Mazzini,  in  a  letter  upon  definitions  of 
poetry,  quotes  with  some  approbation  the 
lines  : — 

A  poet's  art 

Lies  in  tolerating  wholly,  and  accounting  for  in  part 
By  his  own  heart's  subtle  workings,  those  of  every 

other  heart. 

I  should  be  glad  to  be  informed  of  the  author 
of  these  lines.  I  have  made  some  research,, 
but  hitherto  in  vain. 

W.  T.  MALLESON. 
Great  Tew,  Oxon. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  a  letter  to  Lord 
Montague,  written  from  Edinburgh,  20  Feb.,. 
1823,  quotes  the  lines, 

Lord,  what  will  all  the  people  say  ! 
Mr.  Mayor,  Mr.  Mayor  ! 

Who  is  their  author  ?          JOHN  ADDISON. 
Primrose  House,  Wednesbury. 

TOLLGATE  HOUSES. — Can  you  tell  me  of  a 
book  or  map  describing  and  stating  the 
spots  where  the  old  tollgate  houses  stand  ? 

TURNPIKE. 

DOWRY  SQUARE,  CLIFTON. — Can  any 
reader  tell  me  the  origin  of  Dowry,  which 
gives  its  name  to  this  eighteenth-century 
square  ?  I  cannot  find  the  explanation 
of  it  in  any  of  the  books  on  Bristol  and|it» 
street  nomenclature  which  I  have  consulted,, 
and  inquiries  on  the  spot  have  been  equally 
unsuccessful. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

"  OFFICER  OF  THE  PIPE." — What  are  the 
nature  and  duties  of  this  Government  post  ? 
Mr.  G.  W.  E.  Russell  says  of  it  in  his  gossipy 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


189 


paper  on  '  The  Pension  List '  in  his  recent 
*  Pocketful  of  Sixpences  '  :— 

"  The  Pension-List  is  a  Valhalla  of  abolished 
sinecures.  'The  Officer  of  the  Pipe'  draws 
331.  2s.  2d.  a  year  ;  but  the  books  are  silent  about 
the  nature  and  duties  of  the  office  which  once  he 
held." 

Why  "  once  "  ?  and  if  he  hold  the  office 
no  longer,  why  does  he  still  draw  the  pension 
or  salary  ?  Are  there  no  ways  of  getting 
at  the  history  of  this  curious  office  ? 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

"  ST.  FRANCIS'S  MOON." — A  writer  on 
Western  India  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century  speaks  of  "  St.  Francis's  Moon  in 
August,"  which  marks  the  close  of  the 
rainy  season.  Does  this  refer  to  St.  Francis 
Xavier,  whose  feast  is  now  held  on  3  Decem- 
ber ?  EMEBITTJS. 

RANGER  OF  GREENWICH  PARK. — Is  there 
a  Ranger  of  Greenwich  Park  ?  I  shall  be 
glad  of  any  available  information  as  to  the 
holders  of  this  or  the  equivalent  office 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth 
century  and  the  earlier  part  of  the  nine- 
teenth. A.  H.  D. 

RATTLESNAKE  COLONEL  :  CATGUT  RUF- 
FLES.— I  have  a  very  interesting  MS. 
journal,  by  a  Mrs.  Browne,  of  a  visit  to 
North  America  from  1754  to  1757.  On 
12  June,  1755,  she  writes  :  "  At  8  at  night 
we  halted  at  a  Rattlesnake  Colonel's  named 
Crisop  ;  had  for  supper  some  lamb,  and  to 
drink  some  very  bad  wine."  What  is  the 
meaning  of  "  Rattlesnake  Colonel  "  ? 

The  same  lady  on  her  voyage  out  makes 
for  herself  some  "  catgut  ruffles."  Were 
these  fashionable  wear  ? 

\         W.  T.  MALLESON. 
Great  Tew,  Oxon. 

JOHN  TETHERINGTON. — I  should  be  much 
obliged  for  information  respecting  John 
Tetherington,  who  entered  at  Lincoln's  Inn 
1777.  He  appears  to  have  been  a  not  too 
reputable  man  about  town  from  1780  to 
1810.  He  is  mentioned  as  a  well-known 
and  eccentric  person  in  the  '  Recollections 
of  John  Adolphus,'  pp.  86-90,  and  John 
Taylor's  'Records  of  my  Life'  (1832), 
vol.  i.  pp.  180,  181.  He  was  caricatured 
by  Robert  Dighton  in  '  The  Mirror  of 
Fashion,'  as  a  "  Deep-un."  Perhaps  some 
one  who  is  acquainted  with  the  social 
literature  of  the  period  may  be  able  to  give 
me  other  references. 

(Rev.)  T.  C.  DALE. 
115,  London  Road,  Croydon. 


JAMES  PRESTON  OF  BARTON-ON-HUMBER. 
—In  the  pedigree  of  Marshall  of  Theddle- 
thorpe  (see  '  Lincolnshire  Pedigrees,'  Har- 
leian  Society's  publication)  I  find  that 
Sophia  (b.  1793,  d.  1850),  fourth  daughter 
of  William  Marshall  of  Great  Grimsby, 
collector  of  Customs  at  Grimsby  and  D.L. 
for  the  county,  married  James  Preston  of 
Barton-on-Humber.  I  shall  feel  deeply 
indebted  to  any  person  who  can  supply 
me  with  further  information,  for  genea- 
logical purposes,  relating  to  James  Preston, 
his  ancestors  or  descendants,  or  any  par- 
ticular circumstance  connected  with  his 
family.  WM.  EASTERBROOK  PRESTON. 
43,  Leyland's  Lane,  Heaton,  Bradford. 

MATTHEW  STEVENSON  AND  WILLIAM  PRES- 
TON, P.M.  OF  THE  LODGE  OF  ANTIQUITY 
No.  I.  —  I  want  to  know  who  these  men 
were  and  where  they  lived.  The  portrait 
of  Stevenson  was  engraved  by  Richard 
(or  Robert)  Gay  wood,  who  was  born  1630, 
and  died  1711.  Stevenson  has  long  hair, 
and  holds  his  gloves  in  his  right  hand. 
This  portrait  bears  the  name  Mathew 
Stevenson,  and  the  verse  : — 

The  printers  proffit,  not  my  pride, 
Hath  this  Idea  sinify'd, 
For  he  pusht  out  the  merrie  pay, 
And  Mr.  Gaywood  made  it  gay. 

It  was  published  by  W.  Richardson,  Castle 
Street,  Leicester  Fields. 

The  portrait  of  William  Preston,  engraved 
Ridley  after  S.  Drummond,  A.R.A., 
probably  appeared  in  The  European  Maga- 
zine, 1811. 

Another  William  Preston  was  chaplain 
to  the  Duke  of  Rutland  during  his  Viceroy- 
alty.  Of  what  family  did  he  come  ? 

SAX-DANE. 

66,  Victoria  Mansions,  South  Lambeth  Road. 

BARBARY    PIRATES    OFF    DEVONSHIRE. — 

an  any  one  tell  me  what  is  the  date  of  the 

ast    recorded    appearance    of    a    Barbary 

rover  in  Barnstaple  Bay  or   off  the   coast 

of  North  Devon  ?     Did  any  of  these  craft 

infest   that   neighbourhood    as   late   as    the 

first  quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century  ? 

FRANK  W.  HACQUOIL. 
Penarth. 

ALEXANDER  PENNECUIK  AND  THE  LOUVRE. 
— In  which  of  Pennecuik's  *  Poems  '  is  a 
reference  to  the  Duke  of  Gordon  and  the 
Louvre  ? — 

Non  orbis  gentem,  nee  urbem  gens  habet  nulla 
Urbsque  domum  dominum  nee  domus  ulla  parein. 


118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 


J.    M.    BULLOCH. 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  MOB. 


WATERLOO  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION. — Crabbe 
in  a  stanza  written  in   an    album    makes 
Waterloo  rime  to  "  foe  "  : — 
Is  there  one  heart  that  beats  on  English  ground, 
One  grateful  spirit  in  the  kingdoms  round, 
One  who  had  traced  the  progress  of  the  foe, 
And  does  not  hail  the  field  of  Waterloo  ? 
Was  this  merely  a  poet's  licence,   or  was 
the    famous     battle-field     ever     known    as 
W&terlow  ?    Byron    makes    Waterloo    rime 
to  "  true  "  :— 

They  are  enough  :  if  thy  tale  be  true, 
More  than  enough,  thou  fatal  Waterloo. 

HENRY  FISHWICK. 

"  MADEN  CASE." — Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  references  that  would  show  the  facts 
of  the  "  maden  case "  ?  I  believe  that 
this  was  a  case  of  a  lady  who  had  difficulty 
in  legal  proceedings  in  consequence  of  her 
refusing  to  take  an  oath  ;  that  it  happened 
in  1860,  and  that  Miss  Martineau  and  G.  J. 
Holyoake  were  interested  in  it,  and  perhaps 
wrote  on  it.  I  have  searched  *  The  Annual 
Register '  and  Palmer's  '  Index  to  The 
Times  '  in  vain.  A.  SKELTON. 

WHARTON  AUTOBIOGRAPHY. — It  is  stated 
in  the  '  D.N.B.'  (see  Philip,  fourth  Lord 
Wharton)  that  Goodwin  Wharton,  third  son 
of  the  above,  wrote  an  autobiography  which 
is  now  in  the  British  Museum  (Addit.  MSS. 
20,006-7).  Has  it  ever  been  published  ? 
Goodwin  Wharton  died  in  1704.  CURIOUS. 

ODE  TO  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE. — In  the 
above  ode  the  stanza  beginning 

Then  haste  thee  to  thy  sullen  isle 
ends  with — 

That  Corinth's  pedagogue  hath  now 
Transferred  his  byword  to  thy  brow. 
The  pedagogue  was    the   Tyrant   Diony- 
sius  II.,  who,  when  exiled  to  Corinth,  be- 
came a  schoolmaster  ;    but  I  cannot  trace 
the  "  byword."     Can  you  help  me  ? 

GEORGE  H.  COURTENAY. 

WILLIAM  FRANCIS. — Information  is  sought 
as  to  the  parentage  of  William  Francis 
(master  of  a  boarding-school),  who  resided 
in  succession  at  Hook,  Hants  ;  Farnham, 
Surrey  ;  and  Hungerford,  Berks,  between 
1765  and  1802.  He  married  (1)  Anne, 
daughter  of  Richard  Andrews  of  Farnham, 
at  Odiham  in  1773  ;  and  (2)  Elizabeth  Faw- 
cett  at  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  in 
1786.  He  died  at  Bray,  Berks,  in  1811, 
aged  63.  A  coat  of  arms  formerly  belonging 
to  one  of  his  married  daughters  shows  the 
arms  of  Francis  of  Somerset  conjoined  with 
her  husband's  arms.  ERNEST  FRANCIS 

Fir  Croft,  Southcote  Road  West,  Reading. 


ACCESSION  AND  CORONATION  COINS 
AND    MEDALS. 

(10  S.  x.    130.) 

THE  following  medals  were  struck  for  the 
Borough  of  Lancaster  : — 

1.  In  1887,   on  the  occasion  of  the  late 
Queen's  Jubilee,  a  medal  was  designed  by 
Mr.  T.  G.  Pinches.     It  may  thus  be  described: 

Obv. — Queen's  head  to  left.     Inscription  : 

VICTORIA    QUEEN    OF  GREAT    BRITAIN   &  IRE- 
LAND DUKE  OF  LANCASTER. 

Rev. — Lancaster  Castle  gateway,  with 
royal  arms  and  arms  of  borough.  Inscrip- 
tion (round)  :  IN  COMMEMORATION  OF  THE 

FIFTIETH     YEAR     OF     HER    MAJESTY'S     REIGN 

21ST  JUNE  1887.     (In  exergue  :)  LANCASTER 

T.  STOREY  MAYOR. 

It  was  struck  in  gold,  silver,  bronze, 
and  white  metal.  Only  two  gold  copies, 
were  struck.  One  was  handed  by  the  late 
Sir  Thomas  Storey  to  the  Queen  herself 
when  he  was  knighted  ;  the  other  was  given 
to  Sir  Thomas  Storey. 

2.  In   1897,   on  the  occasion  of  the  late 
Queen's     Diamond     Jubilee,     Mr.     Pinches 
again    designed    a    medal.     This    may    be 
described  as  follows  : — 

Obv. — As  in  1887,  but  the  head  of  Queen 
larger. 

Rev. — Lancaster  Town  Hall,  between 
royal  arms  and  arms  of  borough.  Inscrip- 
tion (round)  :  IN  COMMEMORATION  OF  THE 

SIXTIETH    YEAR     OF    HER    MAJESTY'S     REIGN 

LANCASTER     1897.     (In     exergue  :)     N.     w. 

HELME.  MAYOR. 

This  was  also  struck  in  gold,  silver, 
bronze,  and  white  metal.  A  gold  one  was 
sent  to  Queen  Victoria,  as  on  the  former 
occasion ;  and  one  given  to  the  Mayor, 
Alderman  Norval  Helme,  now  M.P. 

3.  In  1900,  on  the  occasion  of  the  present 
King's   Coronation,   Mr.    Pinches   again  de- 
signed a  medal,  so  far  as  the  obverse  was 
concerned — the  reverse  being   designed  by 
Mr.    Charles    Ripper,    Art    Master    of     the 
Borough.     I  give  a  description  : — 

Obv. — Heads  of  King  Edward  VII.  and 
Queen  Alexandra  to  right :  KING  EDWARD 

VII.      AND      QUEEN      ALEXANDRA        CROWNED 
JUNE  26  1902. 

Rev. — Lancaster  arms  crowned  on  Lan- 
caster double  rose,  E.R.  on  inner  petals  : 

EDWARD   VII.    KING    DUKE    OF    LANCASTER    R. 
INGLIS  HALL.  MAYOR. 

This  was  also  struck  in  gold,  silver, 
bronze,  and  white  metal.  A  gold  medal 
was  sent  to  the  King  ;  a  second  given  to 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 1908. j        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


the  Coronation  Mayor  (Col.  R.  Inglis  Hall, 
V.D.,  J.P.),  and  by  him  shown  in  the  recent 
Old  Lancaster  Exhibition. 

White-metal  copies  of  all  these  medals 
were  presented  to  each  child  attending  the 
elementary  schools  of  the  borough. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Hon.  Secretary  to  the  Lancaster  Diamond 

Jubilee  and  Coronation  Celebrations. 

[Replies  from  MR.  D.  GLEN  MACKEMMIE  and 
MB.  R.  PIERPOINT  will  appear  shortly.] 

BENNETT  OF  BALDOCK  (10  S.  ix.  228,  333, 
395). — With  reference  to  the  suggestion 
at  ix.  396  that  Thomas  Benett  of  Reading 
was  an  ancestor  of  Robert  Benett,  Bishop 
of  Hereford,  the  following  particulars  from 
old  wills  may  be  of  interest. 

Robert  Bennet  of  Radyng  (?  Reading) 
made  his  will  21  June,  1501  ;  desired  to 
be  buried  in  St.  Mary's,  Reading  ;  mentioned 
sons  and  daughters,  Robert  and  Thomas 
Bennet,  Radulph  Millyngton,  John  Darlyng 
and  wife  Isabella  ;  witnesses  were  Robert, 
Thomas,  and  John  Bennet ;  proved  in 
P.C.C.,  "  4  Blamyr,"  25  Nov.,  1501. 

Robert  Benet  of  Redyng  the  elder, 
clothier  of  the  diocese,  made  his  will  4  Sept., 
1509  ;  desired  to  be  buried  in  the  parish 
church  of  St.  Mary  at  Reading  at  the  foot 
of  his  father's  grave  ;  gave  to  July  an  his 
wife  lands  in  Southstoke,  co.  Oxford  ;  men- 
tioned lands  in  Cav'shm  (?  Caversham,  near 
Reading)  ;  mentioned  his  three  sons,  viz., 
William  Benet  the  elder,  Robert  Benet, 
and  William  Benet  the  younger  ;  also  his 
daughter  Julyan ;  appointed  as  overseers 
William  Swayn  and  Thomas  Benet  ;  proved 
in  P.C.C.,  "  14  Holder,"  22  Feb.,  1515/16, 
by  Julian  the  relict. 

Thomas  Benett  of  New  Windsor  made 
his  will  18  Oct.,  1528  ;  desired  to  be  buried 
at  Clewer,  near  Windsor  ;  mentioned  pro- 
perty at  Newbury ;  mentioned  his  wife 
Katherine  and  his  son  Master  William 
Benett,  Doctor ;  also  his  brother  John 
Benett ;  proved  in  P.C.C.,  1  Jankyn 
12  Jan.,  1528/9. 

John  Bennett  of  Clewer,  co.  Berks,  mer- 
chant-tailor of  London,  made  his  will 
26  July,  1595  ;  mentioned  his  brother 
Peter  Bate  and  his  sister  Johana,  who  first 

married Singleton,  secondly Tewe, 

and  thirdly  Nicholas  Castell ;  his  "  cosen  " 
Clara  Travell,  wife  to  Edward  Travell, 
daughter  to  his  sister  Mary  ;  also  Nicholas 
Towke,  son  to  his  sister  Mary  ;  appointed 
Johana  his  wife  residuary  legatee  and  execu- 
trix ;  proved  in  P.C.C.,  "  63  Scott,"  10  Oct., 
1595. 


In  the  Archdeaconry  Court  of  Berks  there 
are  several  wills  of  Berkshire ,  Benetts,  and 
an  inventory  (dated  12  Feb.,  1547/8)  of 
the  goods  of  Robert  Benett  of  New  Windso  r. 

G.  R.  B. 

"  MULATTO  "  (10  S.  vii.  68,  116  ;  viii.  37). 
— As  I  said  at  the  last  reference,  this  word 
is  apparently  derived  from  mediaeval  Latin 
mulatus.  This  in  the  ordinary  way  would 
become  mulato  in  Italian  :  but  inasmuch 
as  that  language  already  possessed  the  words 
malato,  sick,  and  malattia,  sickness,  the 
resulting  form  was  mulatto,  with  greater 
stress  on  the  last  syllable.  This  reason 
would  hold  good  also  in  Portuguese,  which 
has  an  obsolete  word  malato,  French  malade. 
I  think,  however,  the  formation  took  place 
in  Italian,  Spanish  and  Portuguese  adopting 
the  word  afterwards. 

It  is  not  easy  to  comprehend  Ducange's 
definition.  Had  it  read  "  ex  parentibus 
Africanis  et  Indis  commixtim,"  it  would 
certainly  have  meant  "  from  African  and 
Indian  [?  Asiatic]  parents  conjointly "  ; 
but  as  he  says  "  mixtim,"  it  may  be  that 
Eurafrican  and  Eurasian  half-breeds  are 
alluded  to.  "  Indus "  he  defines  as  of 
cerulean  or  azure  hue,  so  that  the  American 
Indian  cannot  be  envisaged.  From  my 
own  observation,  I  should  say  that  the 
union  of  the  Asiatic  with  the  woolly  head 
is  of  much  rarer  occurrence  than  that  be- 
tween the  European  and  the  African  or 
the  Asiatic  Mulatto,  as  Ducange  alleges, 
may  have  in  the  first  instance  denoted  an 
African  and  Asiatic  hybrid  ;  while  later  the 
term  might  have  been  extended  to  crosses 
between  either  of  those  races  with  the  white 
man.  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

"  TANNEB  "  =  SIXPENCE  (10  S.  x.  50). — 
Hotten  says  of  it :  "  Perhaps  gypsy  tawno 
(tdno),  little,  or  Latin  tener,  slender."  It 
is  more  likely  to  have  been  derived  directly 
by  the  ancestors  of  the  gipsies  from  the 
Indian  silver  coin  tanga  or  tana,  which  has 
been  rated  from  fivepence  (Malcolm,  1815), 
to  sevenpence-halfpenny,  which  is  or  was 
its  value  in  Turkestan. 

This  would  make  its  average  value  six- 
pence. The  obvious  derivation  is  the  San- 
skrit tanka,  a  weight  of  silver  equal  to  four 
moshas,  a  stamped  coin.  See  *  Dictionary 
of  Slang,  Jargon,  and  Cant,'  by  Barrere  and 
Leland.  T.  SHEPHEBD. 

Brewer's  '  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and 
Fable  '  suggests  from  "  the  Italian  danaro, 
small  change.  Similarly  a  thaler  is  called 
a,  dollar."  .  C.  R. 


192 


'  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 


GEORGE  HENLEY  OF  BRADLEY,  HANTS 
(10  S.  ix.  141,  470,  496;  x.  92).— In  reply 
to  MB.  E.  A.  FRY,  I  have  to  admit  that 
"  Blackborough  "  was  a  slip  for  Black  Bour- 
ton. With  regard  to  the  Christian  name 
of  Sir  Robert  Henley's  first  wife,  Katherine 
or  Mary,  authorities  differ.  Le  Neve's 
*  Knights  '  calls  her  Katherine,  daughter  of 
Sir  Edward  Hungerford,  and  the  Visitation 
of  London  says  daughter  of  Sir  Antony  ; 
while  Hutchins's  *  Dorset '  calls  her  Mary. 

Sir  Antony  Hungerford  lies  buried  in  a 
chapel  on  the  north  side  of  the  church  of 
Black  Bourton,  and  on  a  black  marble 
stone  is  the  following  : — 

"  Here  resteth  the  body  of  Antony  Hungerford, 
of  Black  Bourton  in  the  county  of  Oxon,  and 
Rachel  his  wife,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children, 
three  sons  and  nine  daughters.  He  departed  this 
life  the  xviii  day  of  August,  and  here  interred  the 
xv  day  of  September  following,  Anno  Dom.  1657." 

Of  these  (according  to  the  registers)* 
Katherine  was  baptized  at  Black  Bourton* 
11  June,  1642  (married  Sir  Robert  Henley)  ; 
Mary  married  Sir  Samuel  Hele ;  Rachel 
(bapt.  8  March,  1637)  married,  14  April, 
1653,  Lewis,  Viscount  Falkland ;  Sarah 
(bapt.  3  March,  1641)  married  Sir  John 
Carew ;  Elizabeth  (bapt.  16  Nov.,  1643) 
married  Sir  Edward  Stradling ;  Diana 
(bapt.  19  Nov.,  1648)  married,  1671,  Sir 
John  Montague  ;  Lucia  (bapt.  2  Jan.,  1649 — 
1649/50  ?)  married,  7  Aug.,  1673,  Edmund 
Lechmere  of  Hanley  ;  Frances  married  Sir 
William  Wyndham  ;  and  Margaret  Hunger- 
ford  (born  18  April,  1631)  died  7  April,  1637. 

Katherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Henley 
(born  1669,  and  licensed  to  marry,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  to  Henry  Cornish  of 
St.  Lawrence  Jewry  on  5  April,  1688),  must 
have  been  daughter  of  Katherine  Hunger- 
ford,  as  Sir  Robert  Henley  married  his 
second  wife,  Barbara  Every,  at  Wootton 
Glanville,  in  1674.  Antony  Henley,  Sir 
Robert's  son  and  heir,  was  born  in  1666  ; 
so  that  if  Mrs.  Webb  was  his  sister  and 
named  Katherine,  she  might  quite  well 
be  Cornish's  widow,  and  also  the  "  Mrs. 
Webb,  wife  of  a  clergyman  in  Hampshire, 
and  sister  of  Antony  Henley  of  the  Grange 
in  the  same  county,"  -  whose  death  was 
recorded  on  25  Feb.,  1730  ('Historical 
Register,'  vol.  xv.  p.  22). 

I  have  had  all  the  Henley  wills  at  Somerset 
House  examined  for  my  lost  Richard,  also 
those  at  Blandford,  and  have  seen  the  collec- 
tion of  Somerset  wills  referred  to  by  MR. 
FRY.  My  only  hope  now  lies  in  family 
documents  such  as  those  quoted  at  10  S.  ix. 
470  by  MR.  V.  L.  OLIVER.  His  evidence 


regarding  the  George  Henley,  father  and 
son,  is  most  interesting  and  conclusive, 
and  shows  that  my  Col.  Richard  Henley 
has  no  place  in  that  branch  of  the  family. 

During  my  search  for  the  original  of  our 
portrait,  I  collected  several  stray  notes, 
which  may  be  of  interest.  The  following 
are  from  the  registers  of  St.  George  the 
Martyr,  London  : — 

Burial.— "Joseph  Henley  of  St.  Bride's,  31  Dec., 
1769." 

Marriages.  —  "  John  Henley  of  St.  Leonard's, 
Shoreditch,  to  Susannah  Clay  of  South wark, 
10  Oct.,  1714." 

"Jane  Henley  of  St.  Clement's  Danes,  spinster, 
to  Robert  Thacker  of  the  same,  bachelor,  27  Sept., 
1720." 

In  the  Visitation  of  Somerset,  1623, 
Margery,  daughter  of  Andrew  Henley  of 
Taunton,  is  said  to  have  married  Richard 
Cherke  of  co.  Worcester. 

The  Henleys  of  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
given  by  MR.  J.  G.  CUPPLES  of  Brookline, 
Mass.  (10S.  ix.  496),  are  exceedingly  interest- 
ing, and  would  be  doubly  so  if  they  bore 
our  Henley  coat  of  arms. 

The  pedigree  of  the  Henleys  of  Bristol, 
who  descended  from  Robert  Henley  of 
Leigh  and  Anne  Trubody,  may  be  of 
interest  to  American  genealogists. 

F.  H.  SUCKLING. 

Romsey,  Hants. 

"STYMIE"  AT  GOLF  (10  S.  ix.  370,  414, 
492  ;  x.  15,  112).— When  one  is  at  fault, 
it  may  be  but  a  small  palliation  of  the  delin- 
quency to  say  that  the  position  is  due  to 
misplaced  confidence.  This,  however,  is 
all  that  has  to  be  offered  in  explanation 
of  the  statement  made,  ante,  p.  15,  regarding 
the  etymology  of  "  styme."  The  writer 
incautiously  trusted  to  '  The  Encyclopaedic 
Dictionary,'  quoting  its  exact  words,  "  A.-S. 
stima,  a  gleam,  brightness,"  and  unfortu- 
nately omitting  to  enclose  them  within 
inverted  commas.  One's  faith  in  the  au- 
thoritative character  of  this  compilation 
is  materially  strengthened  by  the  editorial 
assurance  to  the  effect  that  Prof.  Skeat's 
'  Etymological  Dictionary  '  was  diligently 
consulted  in  the  course  of  its  preparation. 
At  the  same  time,  there  is  no  excuse  for 
failing  to  verify  its  conclusions. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"SWANK"  (10  S.  ix.  428,  513).— I  have 
not  access  to  the  '  Dialect  Dictionary  '  here, 
so  I  may  be  giving  what  is  already  well 
known.  In  the  Orkney  dialect  "  swanky  " 
and  "  swingie  "  mean  an  earthworm. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


193 


ROMAN  INSCRIPTION  AT  BAVENO  (10  S.  x. 
107). — This  is  No.  6638  in  vol.  v.  part  ii. 
(1877)  of  the  '  Corpus  Inscr.  Lat.,'  where  it 
is  given  in  the  following  form  : — 

TROP^IMVS 
TI  •  CLAVDlI  *  CAES 

AVGVSTI 
GERMANIC  '  SEK 
DAP-INIDIANVS 

MEMORIAE 
aeTCRWAE  '  SACRVM 

Mommsen  examined  the  inscription  himself 
in  editing  the  '  Corpus.'  In  1.  7,  which 
was  illegible,  he  made  use  of  a  copy  published 
by  P.  Galleratus,  a  lawyer  of  Novara,  in 
his  *  Antiqua  Novariensium  monumenta 
collecta  ac  divulgata  nunc  primum  '  (Novara, 
1612).  See  under  '  Novaria,'  p.  718  in  the 
same  part  of  the  '  Corpus.' 

The  copy  of  1885  quoted  by  COL.  PRIDEATJX 
is  Galleratus' s  version.  On  what  additional 
material  the  address  to  the  "  Historise  cul- 
tor  "  is  based  I  cannot  say,  but  he  seems  to 
be  asked  to  believe  more  than  historical 
evidence  warrants.  EDWABD  BENSLY. 

Bad  Wildungen,  Waldeck. 

DANZIG  :  ITS  SIEGE  IN  1813  (10  S.  x.  130). 
—The  chief  authority  is  Charles  Auriol's 
*  Defense  de  Dantzig  en  1813,  Journal  de 
Siege  :  Journal  personnel  et  notes  du  general 
de  division  de  Campredon,  commandant 
le  genie  du  10e  Corps.'  Lettres  diverses,' 
Paris,  1888  (Plon).  Compare  also  Revue 
Historique,  torn.  xl.  pp.  89-106  and  305-28, 
Paris,  1889. 

For  English  accounts  see  J.  Philippart's 
'  Campaigns  in  Germany  and  France  in 
1813  '  (pub.  1814  ?)  and  Alison's  '  Europe,' 
chap.  Ixxxii.  A.  L.  HUMPHREYS. 

187,  Piccadilly,  W. 

[MR.  W.  T.  LYNN  also  refers  to  Alison.] 

ZOFFANY  (10  S.  x.  130).— Zoffany  intro- 
duced portraits  of  himself  in  his  group  of 
'  Painters  of  the  Royal  Academy,'  1772, 
and  in  Col.  Mordaunt's  '  Cock  Match,'  1786. 
'  Evans's  Catalogue  of  Engraved  Portraits  ' 
mentions  an  etching  of  Zoffany  by  Daniell 
after  Dance.  ROBERT  WALTERS. 

Ware  Priory. 

THE  NATIONAL  FLAG  (10  S.  ix.  502  ;  x. 
72,  130).— Although,  thanks  largely  to  the 
action  of  MR.  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS,  the  question 
of  the  National  Flag  has  at  last  been  satis- 
factorily settled,  I  desire,  before  the  corre- 
spondence in  '  N.  &  Q.'  is  closed,  to  say  a 
word  in  answer  to  those  who  hold  that  it 
was  quite  unnecessary  to  raise  the  question, 
and  that  every  one  knew  that  the  Union 
Jack  was  the  National  Flag  which  every 


Briton  had  a  right  to  use.  In  former 
numbers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  I  have  already  ad- 
vanced evidence  in  opposition  to  the  above 
view.  But  if  this  is  not  enough,  the  follow- 
ing answer,  given  in  the  House  of  Commons 
on  22  Oct.,  1892,  will  show  that  the  subject 
was  not  agitated  by  MR.  FRANCIS  and  myself 
unnecessarily,  and  that  were  it  not  for  the 
recent  action  of  the  present  Government, 
we  should  still  be  without  a  National  Flag  : 

"  Mr.  Balfour  said  :  *  The  questions  which  have 
been  raised  as  to  the  proper  use  of  flags  have 
received  the  careful  consideration  of  the  Govern- 
ment, but  they  are  unable  to  adopt  the  course 
suggested.  Nor  does  it  appear  desirable  to  under- 
take the  legislation  which  would  be  necessary  in 
order  to  regulate  the  general  use  by  civilians,  or 
any  class  of  civilians,  of  any  particular  flag  on  land. 
It  is  a  matter  which  is  best  left,  as  hitherto,  to  the 
guidance  of  custom  and  good  taste.' " 

"  Custom  and  good  taste  "  meant  that, 
as  recently  noticed  by  Lord  Meath  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  the  police  sometimes 
hauled  down  the  flag ;  whilst  in  India, 
as  mentioned  by  me,  a  European  was  once 
confined  in  the  military  prison  for  hoisting 
the  Union  Jack. 

J.  H.  RIVETT-CARNAC. 

Schloss  Rothberg,  Switzerland. 

When  James  I.  had  the  Union  Flag  first 
arranged,  there  was  as  much  white  in  the 
fimbriation  round  the  cross  of  St.  George 
as  there  was  blue  on  the  field  of  the  cross 
of  St.  Andrew.  This  was  but  just  to  Eng- 
land, as  her  men  had  fought  for  many  cen- 
turies under  the  cross  of  St.  George  on  a 
white  field. 

The  fimbriation  down  one  side  of  each 
arm  of  the  cross  of  St.  Patrick  in  the  Union 
Flag  of  1  Jan.,  1801,  is  a  reminder  that  the 
cross  of  St.  Andrew  had  occupied  that  position 
on  the  Union  Flag  for  nearly  two  centuries 
— occupies  it  still,  in  a  way,  under  the 
cross  of  St.  Patrick.  That  fimbriation  is 
something  in  the  nature  of  the  board  with 
"  Ancient  lights  "  on  it  which  one  sees  on 
an  old  house  when  a  new  one  is  being  built 
quite  near  it  ;  yet  the  crosses  of  SS.  Andrew 
and  Patrick,  or  Patrick  and  Andrew,  are 
exactly  equal  in  size  in  the  Union  Flag  of 
1  Jan.,  1801,  without  the  fimbriation,  as 
they  should  be,  though  the  St.  Andrew's 
cross  on  the  Union  Flag  of  James  I.  was  a 
little  wider  than  it  is  on  the  Union  Flag 
of  1801.  The  fimbriation  on  the  arms  of  the 
cross  of  St.  Patrick  should  be  fully  as  wide 
as  that  round  the  cross  of  St.  George. 

I  suspect  that  the  real  reason  why  the 
cross  of  St.  Patrick  is  made  a  little  narrower 
— the  width  of  the  narrow  fimbriation  on 
one  side  of  its  arms — is  a  purely  economic 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  im 


one.  Probably  all  the  blue  sections  of  the 
field  are  cut  by  a  machine  which  shapes 
hundreds  at  once ;  therefore  it  will  be 
timesaving  and  convenient  to  make  the  fim- 
briated  arms  of  the  cross  of  St.  Patrick 
of  the  same  size  as  the  white  arms  of  the 
cross  of  St.  Andrew.  Also  it  is  probable 
that  the  crimson  silk  and  bunting  used  for 
flags  is  woven  much  narrower  than  the  white, 
is  much  more  expensive,  and  is  not  nearly 
so  strong.  There  is  much  common  sense 
and  strength  in  the  design  of  the  Union 
Flag,  while  the  counterchanging  reminds 
one  of  the  policy  which  caused  Mary,  Queen 
of  Scots,  to  name  her  son  James  Charles 
Charles  James,  so  that  neither  Scotland  nor 
France  should  feel  hurt.  A  seamstress  of 
flags  at  one  of  the  Government  dockyards 
would  no  doubt  explain  the  why  and 
wherefore  of  the  narrowed  arms  and  fim- 
briations  of  the  cross  of  St.  Patrick  to  MB. 
CRAWFORD,  if  he  questioned  her  quietly 
and  personally.  A  small  saving  of  expen- 
sive silk  in  each  flag  must  make  a  material 
difference  at  the  end  of  a  year  at  Chatham 
alone,  where  about  18,000  flags  are  made 
each  year  ;  and  flags  with  all  the  azure 
parts  of  equal  size  will  be  made  much  more 
easily  and  quickly.  SAX-DANE. 

TYRONE  POWER,  THE  AMERICAN  ACTOR 
(10  S.  viii.  348;  ix.  494).— Surely  MR. 
HIBGAME  has  erred  in  crediting  this  actor 
to  America  in  his  caption.  Power  was  born 
in  Ireland,  and  his  first  public  appearances 
on  the  stage  took  place  in  Wales,  and  later 
at  London.  He,  however,  made  three 
or  four  extended  professional  visits  to  the 
United  States,  and  published  his  '  Impres- 
sions of  America.'  '  The  New  International 
Encyclopaedia '  (New  York,  Dodd,  Mead 
&  Co.,  1903)  describes  him  as  "an  Irish 
comedian."  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

MICHAELMAS  DAY:  ITS  DATE  (10  S.  ix. 
150). — It  is  perhaps  sufficient  to  quote 
'The  Dictionary  of  Christian  Antiquities,' 
ii.  1177,  for  the  general  principle  which 
regulated  the  dates  of  Michaelmas  :— 

"  The  festivals  of  angels,  now  mainly  represented, 
so  far  as  the  Western  Church  is  concerned,  by  the 
festival  of  St.  Michael  and  All  Angels  on  Sept.  29, 
......were    simply    commemorations    of    [supposed] 

historic  events,  namely,  manifestations  of  the 
archangel  at  some  special  time  and  place,  or  the 
dedication  of  a  church  n  his  honour." 

Thus  8  May  is  associated  with  a'manifesta- 
tion  on  Monte  Gargano  ;  and  29  September 
with  the  dedication  of  a  church  on  the 


Via  Salaria,  six  miles  from  Rome  (see  Procter 
and  Frere,  '  New  History  of  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,'  p.  325). 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 
Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

Duchesne  connects  the  observance  of 
29  September  with  the  dedication  of  a 
church  on  the  Via  Salaria  on  that  date. 

St.  Michael  is  said  to  have  appeared 
on  Mount  Garganus  (Apulia)  on  8  May, 
A.D.  493. 

These  are  festivals  of  St.  Michael :  the 
addition  of  "  All  Angels  "  was  made  at  the 
last  revision  of  the  Prayer  Book. 

In  the  Eastern  Church  8  November  is 
the  festival  of  the  Angels.  In  this  case 
it  is  the  name  of  St.  Michael  that  has  been 
added  to  the  title  of  the  feast. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Grindleton  Vicarage,  Clitheroe. 

See  '  Medii  ^Evi  Kalendarium,'  vol.  ii. 
p.  140.  The  article  is  too  long  for  insertion 
in  *  N.  &  Q.'  JOHNSON  BAILY. 

See  Hone's  '  Every-Day  Book,'  8  May. 

J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

[The  REV.  F.  JARRATT  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

TlNTAGEL :     ITS   PRONUNCIATION   (10   S.    X. 

148). — I  have  always  heard  this  name  pro- 
nounced with  the  stress  upon  the  middle 
syllable.  This  corresponds  with  the  usage 
of  our  poets.  Take,  for  instance,  the  follow- 
ing lines  from  Tennyson's  '  Idylls  of  the 
King  '  (Guinevere),  which  should  be  conclu- 
sive : — 

There  came  a  day  as  still  as  heaven,  and  then 
They  found  a  naked  child  upon  the  sands 
Of  wild  Dundagil  by  the  Cornish  sea. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

Tintagel  (stress  on  the  a — a  palimbacchius) 
is  certified  by  Tennyson,  '  Idylls  of  the  King,' 
seven  times  ('  Coming  of  A.,'  186,  198,  366  ; 
'  M.  and  V.,'  10  ;  '  Guinevere,'  292  ;  '  Last  T.,' 
392,  505)  ;  Swinburne,  '  Tristram  of  Lyon- 
nesse,'  four  times  (ii.  165,  viii.  64,  ix.  187, 
and  Epilogue,  1.  47)  ;  and  Matthew  Arnold, 
'  Tristram  and  Iseult,'  twice.  R.  S.  Hawker 
also  ('  The  Silent  Tower  of  Bottreaux  '  and 
'  The  Quest  of  the  Sangreal ' )  scans  it  the 
same  (with  variations  of  orthography). 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

The  local  pronunciation,  as  I  always  heard 
it  during  the  eighteen  years  I  resided  not 
many  miles  from  "  King  Arthur's  Castle," 
was  "  Tintadjill,"  the  a  being  short  and  the 
g  soft  ;  and  I  remember  much  amusement 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


195 


being  caused  when  a  London  visitor  inquirec 
his  way  to  "  Tin-ta-gel,"  with  the  g  hard. 

Tennyson's  line  in  '  The  Coming  o 
Arthur,' 

Tintagil  castle  by  the  Cornish  sea, 
was  read  in  the  locality  with  the  pronuncia 
tion  I  have  given  ;  but  there  is  the  authority 
of   another   poet    on  the   other   side,    as   i 
very  positively   put  by  Mr.   Herbert   Paul 
in  his   monograph   on  Matthew  Arnold  ir 
the     "  English    Men    of    Letters "     series 
it  being  observed  : — 

"  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  in  the  first  edition  o 
''  Tristram  and  Iseult '  the  place  of  King  Marc' 
court  was  made  a  dactyl.  It  runs — 

Where  the  prince  whom  she  must  wed 

Keeps  his  court  in  Tyntagel. 

It  is,  of  course,  Tyntagel,  and  in  later  editions  th< 
tsecond  line  became — 

Dwells  on  proud  Tyntagel's  hill. 
In  every  other  line  where  the  name  occurs,  a  sirnila: 
•change  was  made." — P.  37. 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

Hawker,  in  his  poem  '  The  Silent  Tower 
of  Bottreau,'  spells  the  name  "  Tintadgel,' 
«jid  the  local  pronunciation  agrees  with 
this.  If,  however,  the  name  is  of  Celtic 
origin,  as  apparently  it  is,  the  g  must  surely 
have  been  hard  at  first.  C.  C.  B. 

tt  On  the  Union  Castle  boat  Tintagel  Castle 
"  Tintajel  "  (g  pronounced  soft)  is  de  rigueur. 

F.  S.  S. 

This  name  is  pronounced  Tin-taj-el. 

P.  JENNINGS. 
St.  Day,  Scorrier,  Cornwall. 

A  Cornish  girl  once  told  me  that  Tintagel 
is  pronounced  Tintag'gle.  T.  M.  W. 

[T.  F.  D.  also  refers  to  Matthew  Arnold.] 

DEATH  AFTER  LYING  (10  S.  x.  109,  157). 

A  correspondent  having  kindly  sent  me 
the  inscription  on  the  Market  Cross,  Devizes, 
it  may  be  well  to  supplement  MR.  GILLMAN'S 
reply  by  printing  the  whole  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  : 

"  The  Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Devizes  avail 
themselves  of  the  stability  of  this  building  to 
transmit  to  future  times  the  record  of  an  awful 
•event  which  occurred  in  this  market-place  in  the 
year  1753,  hoping  that  such  a  record  may  serve  as  a 
salutary  warning  against  the  danger  of  impiously 
invoking  divine  vengeance  or  of  calling  on  the  holy 
name  of  God  to  conceal  the  devices  of  falsehood 
and  fraud. 

On  Thursday,  the  25  of  January,  1753,  Ruth 
lerce  of  Pottern,  m  this  county,  agreed  with  three 
other  women  to  buy  a  sack  of  wheat  in  the  market, 
•each  paying  her  due  proportion  towards  the  same! 
One  of  these  women  in  collecting  the  several  quotas 
ot  money  discovered  a  deficiency,  and  demanded  of 
Kutn  Pierce  the  sum  that  was  wanting  to  make 


good  the  amount.  Ruth  Pierce  protested  that  she 
had  paid  her  share,  and  said  '  she  wished  she  might 
drop  down  dead  if  she  had  not ! '  She  rashly 
repeated  this  awful  wish,  when,  to  the  consternation 
and  terror  of  the  surrounding  multitude,  she 
instantly  fell  down  and  expired,  having  the  money 
concealed  in  her  hand." 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

As  a  boy  I  heard  a  similar  story  with 
reference  to  a  woman  at  Norwich.  It  was 
asserted  that  she  called  God  to  witness  to 
the  fact  that  she  had  not  received  a  certain 
piece  of  money.  She  instantly  fell  down 
dead,  and  the  piece  of  money  dropped  from 
her  mouth,  in  which  she  had  concealed  it. 
This  would  be  about  1868,  but  I  have  heard 
it  repeated  many  times  since  then.  Strangely 
enough,  I  found  the  same  tradition  of  death 
after  lying  in  a  small  town  in  Virginia,  the 
only  difference  being  that  the  person  thus 
convicted  was  a  negro. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

If  the  querist  is  interested  in  the  subject 
of  Divine  interposition  following  sin,  he 
might  care  to  peruse  a  book  compiled  by 
William  London,  a  Newcastle  bookseller, 
whose  name  appears  ante,  p.  142.  It  is 
entitled  : — 

;'  Gods  Judgements  upon  Drunkards,  Swearers 
and  Sabbath- breakers.  In  a  collection  of  the  most 
remarkable  Examples  of  Gods  revealed  wrath  upon 
these  sins ;  with  their  Aggravations,  as  well  from 
Scripture,  as  Reason.  And  a  Caution  to  Authority 
lest  the  Impunity  of  these  evils  bring  a  scourge 
upon  the  whole  Nation.  By  W.  L.  Printed  for 
William  London,  1659." 

The  book  is  dedicated  to  the  Mayor, 
Becorder,  Aldermen,  Sheriff,  and  Common 

buncil  of  Newcastle,  and,  after  62  un- 
igured  pages  of  dedication  and  epistle  to 
;he  reader,  contains  47  pages  about  judg- 
ments upon  drunkards,  32  pages  upon  cursers 
and  swearers,  and  48  pages  upon  Sabbath- 
Beakers.  It  is  notable  that  the  compiler 

ives  no  examples  of  death  after  lying. 

BICHARD  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

DOLLS  IN  MAGIC  (10  S.  ix.  168  ;    x.  118). 
— Horace  mentions  these  dolls  ;    and  Medea 
md  other  enchantresses  made  use  of  them  : — 
Devovet  absentes,  simulacraque  cerea  figit, 
Et  miserum  tenues  in  jecur  urget  acus. 

And  there  is  a  story  in  the  '  Gesta  Bo- 
nanorum '  which  is  'the  original,  of  '  The 
^eech  of  Folkestone '  in  '  The  Ingoldsby 
^egends.'  In  the  reign  of  Charles  IX.  of 
Trance  such  images  were  found  in  the 
"  ouse  of  La  Mole  ;  and  it  was  said  that  he 
ad  procured  them  in  order  to  accomplish 
tie  death  of  Charles,  then  labouring  under 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  im 


a  mortal  disease.  He  was  condemned  for 
having  them,  and  suffered  death  on  the 
scaffold.  When,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV. 
of  France,  Marshal  Biron  was  accused  of 
treason,  he  pleaded  that  he  was  under  the 
power  of  a  magician  who  showed  him  an 
image  of  wax  which  pronounced  these  words  : 
"  Rex  impie  peribis."  E.  YARDLEY. 

One  of  the  last  instances  (perhaps  the 
last  recorded)  of  the  use  of  the  magic  doll 
is  noted  in  an  article  on  '  The  Evil  Eye 
and  the  Solar  Emblem  '  in  The  Antiquary, 
September,  1907,  p.  344.  But  the  writer 
also  notes  other  instances  from  the  Chaldean 
tablets,  as  well  as  from  the  Babylonian  and 
Assyrian  inscriptions  generally.  If  I  re- 
member rightly,  Mr.  Elworthy  does  not 
go  quite  so  far  back  in  his  citations  of  writers 
on  this  subject. 

J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

K.  P.  D.  E.'s  reply  reminds  me  of  Long- 
fellow's play  '  Giles  Corey  of  the  Salem 
Farms,'  one  of  the  very  nearest  efforts  to- 
wards greatness  which  I  think  that  poet 
ever  made.  The  play  is  founded  on  the 
witchcraft  superstitions  of  the  New  England 
States.  The  scene  is  Salem  in  1692.  One 
character,  Tituba,  an  Indian  woman,  asks 
a  girl  who  is  looking  in  a  mirror  what  she 
sees.  She  sees  a  man  holding  in  his  hand 
a  waxen  image.  "  That  is  my  father," 
says  Tituba,  "  He  was  an  Obi  man,  and 
taught  me  magic."  The  passage  goes  on  : — 
Tituba.  What  is  he  doing? 
Mary.  Holding  in  his  hand 

A  waxen  figure.     He  is  melting  it 
Slowly  before  a  fire. 
Tituba.  And  now  what  see  you  ? 
Mary.  A  woman  lying  on  a  bed  of  leaves 
Wasted  and  worn  away.     Oh,  she  is  dying. 

Tituba.  That  is  the  way  the  Obi  men  destroy 
The  people  they  dislike  !    That  is  the  way 
Some  one  is  wasting  and  consuming  you. 
There  are  many  passages  in  the  play  which 
bear  on  K.   P.   D.   E.'s  idea,   especially  in 
Act  III.  sc.  ii.  : — 

What  most  convinced  me  of  the  woman's  guilt 
Was  finding  hidden  in  her  cellar  wall 
Loose  poppets  made  of  rags,  with  headless  pins 
Stuck  into  them  point  outwards. 
Longfellow's   data  for   the  basis   of   this 
play   and    its    legends  would    be    a    useful 
source  of  information  for  any  one  interested 
in  the  question  raised  by  K.  P.  D.  E. 

ALFRED  E.  SNODGRASS. 

WATERLOO  :  LETTER  BY  VIVIAN  (10  S.  x 
145). — As  MR.  HEMS  understands  that  this 
most  interesting  letter  of  Sir  Hussey  Vivian V 
"  has  not  been  published  before,"  I  ma> 
perhaps  be  permitted  to  tell  him  that  he  wil 


find  it,  together  with  others  on  the  same- 
subject,  in  my  '  Historical  Memoirs  of  the- 
18th  Hussars,'  commencing  p.  136,  from 
>riginal  letters  then  (last  year)  in  my  posses- 
ion.  HAROLD  MALET,  Col. 

TOOTHACHE  (10  S.  x.  121,  171).— There  is- 
,  curious  receipt  for  toothache  (or  for  tooth- 
extraction)  in  the  '  Arcana  Fairfaxiana  '  : — 

"  Take  wormes  when  they  be  a  gendering  together,, 
dry  them  upon  a  hott  tyle  stone,  then  make  poM'der 
>f  them,  and  what  toothe  ye  touch  wth  it  will  fall 
rat." 
This  is  signed  H(enry)  C(holmeley). 

Underneath  it  is  another,  in  the  same 
land  : — 

"  Or  R  wheat-flower  and  mixe  it  wth  ye  milk  of 
ipurge  and  thereof  make  a  paste  or  dowe  wth  y* 
wch  fill  ye  hollow  of  y"  tooth  and  leave  it  in  a  certain 


ime  and  ye  tooth  will  fall  out.' 


C.  C.  B. 


"HAME-REIN"   (10  S.   x.    106).— This  is 
new  phrase.     The  rein  was,  and  still  is, 
nown  as  the  bearing-rein.     It  is  not  now 
ised  by  those  who  love  their  horses. 

JOHN  P.  STILWELL. 

I  imagine  that  this  is  an  expressive  pro- 
vincial term  for  a  bearing-rein. 

ST.   S  WITHIN. 

GRAY  OF  DENNE  HILL,  KENT  (10  S.  x. 
148). — The  following  is  from  Hasted' s  'Kent' : 

"Thomas,  Robert,  and  William  Beake  in  1725' 
old  Denne  Hill  to  Lady  Hester  Gray,  whose  hus- 
band Sir  James  Gray  had  in  1707  been  created  a 
baronet  of  Scotland.  This  family  of  Gray  bore  for 
their  arms  Gules,  a  lion  rampant  within  a  bprdure 
wavy  argent ;  and  she  (Lady  Hester  Gray)  in  1738 
conveyed  it  to  her  eldest  son  Sir  James  Gray,  Bart, 
and  K.B.,  who  died  possessed  of  it  in  1775,  and  was 
succeeded  in  it  by  his  brother  Lieut.-General  Sir 
George  Gray,  Bart.,  who  dying  soon  afterwards,  it 
came  to  his  mother  Lady  Hester  Gray  and  her 
daughters,  Elizabeth  Nicholl,  widow,  and  Caroline 
Gray,  spinster,  who  in  1774  (?)  joined  in  the  sale  of 
it  to  John  Morse,  Esq.,  of  London,  Merchant. 

"  Lady  Gray's  Gate  is  mentioned  in  a  writ  of  1763. 
It  stood  in  Dennehill  Lane." 

The  date  of  the  sale  is  evidently  an  error  ; 
there  are  several  such  errors  in  Hasted' s 
'  History  of  Kent,'  but  it  is  otherwise  very 
trustworthy.  JOHN  BAVINGTON  JONES. 

Dover. 

'  D.N.B.,'  Supplement,  ii.  347,  gives  an 
account  of  the  two  brothers  Sir  James  and 
General  Sir  George  Gray  (who  both  died 
1773).  Horace  Walpole  said  of  Gray,  that 
"  his  father  was  first  a  box-keeper  and  then 
footman  to  James  II."  These  brothers 
are  noteworthy  as  two  of  the  original  foun- 
ders of  the  Society  of  Dilettanti  in  1732. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


HERALDIC  QUERIES  :  ARMS  OF  MARRIED 
WOMAN  (10  S.  ix.  290).— A  good  deal  of 
matter  akin  to  the  subject  of  F.'s  questions 
has,  I  fancy,  been  discussed  in  earlier 
numbers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  both  by  myself  and 
other  writers. 

1.  F.'s  first  question  is  not  quite  so  simple 
as  it  would  appear.  There  is  no  difficulty 
in  the  mere  marshalling  of  the  arms  of  a 
married  woman  who  is  a  peeress  not  in  her 
own  right,  and  also  an  heraldic  heiress ; 
the  difficulty  would  seem  to  be  whether 
she  is  entitled  to  bear  those  arms  in  the 
same  manner  as  her  husband  does — of  course 
during  their  married  life. 

In  the  most  common  case,  perhaps,  when 
the  wife  is  not  an  heraldic  heiress,  no  diffi- 
culty arises,  as  the  husband  and  wife  would 
equally  be  entitled  to  bear  their  joint  arms 
in  the  same  way,  namely,  impaled. 

In  the  case  given  by  F.,  where  the  wife 
is  an  heraldic  heiress  (and  here  it  seems  to 
me  to  make  no  difference  whether  the 
husband  is  a  peer  or  a  commoner),  the  hus- 
band is  entitled,  according  to  the  modern 
system  of  marshalling,  to  bear  his  wife's 
arms  on  an  escutcheon  of  pretence  upon 
his  own.  The  question  propounded  by 
your  correspondent  is,  Is  the  wife  entitled 
to  bear  them  in  the  same  way  ? 

Ordinarily,  I  am  inclined  to  think,  this 
is  done.  But  as  this  point  has  been  touched 
upon  by  an  heraldic  writer  whose  opinion 
is  entitled  to  great  weight,  I  should  like 
to  give  his  view  upon  the  matter.  The 
late  Dr.  Woodward  at  p.  142  of  vol.  ii. 
of  his  '  Heraldry,  English  and  Foreign ' 
<  1896),  says: — 

"  Ignorance  or  forgetfulness  of  the  old  English 
custom  that,  unless  a  man  had  married  an  heiress, 
he  was  content  to  use  his  own  arms  only,  and  that 
an  impaled  coat  (as  shown  by  numberless  ancient 
seals)  was  anciently  borne  only  by  the  wife,  has  led 
to  some  anomalies  in  modern  practice.  Nowadays 
we  find  ladies  using  their  husbands'  coat  augmented 
with  their  own  paternal  arms  on  an  escutcheon  of 
pretence.  For  this  I  find  no  ancient  precedent. 
This  arrangement  properly  belongs  to  the  husband 
only.  The  escutcheon  of  pretence  (if  rightly 
assumed)  has  indeed  become  a  portion  of  his  arms, 
but  the  wife,  according  to  ancient  precedent,  should 
only  impale  his  arms  with  her  own,  whether  the 
coats  be  simple  or  quartered." 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  Dr.  Woodward 
considers  that  in  the  case  put  by  F.  the 
wife  must  bear  her  own  arms  impaled  only 
by  those  of  her  husband,  and  not,  as  he 
would  bear  them,  on  an  escutcheon  of 
pretence.  But  of  course  the  wife's  achieve- 
ment would  be  crestless,  and  would  be  borne 
upon  a  shield — so  long,  at  least,  as  she  con- 
tinued his  wife. 


2.  If  she  became  a  widow,  the  arms 
would  be  borne  by  her  on  a  lozenge  ;  and 
this  brings  us  to  F.'s  second  question. 
A  lozenge  is  the  peculiar  province  of  a  widow 
or  of  a  spinster,  neither  of  whom,  of  course , 
is  entitled  to  a  crest.  The  only  circum- 
stances in  which  a  married  woman  would 
still  bear  arms  on  a  lozenge  would  be,  for 
example,  if  F.'s  peeress  (not  in  her  own  right) 
were  to  marry  again,  and  with  a  commoner  ; 
then,  as  I  understand  the  rules  of  marshalling, 
she  would  continue  to  bear  the  arms  of 
her  late  husband  and  her  own  on  a  lozenge 
(she  being  his  widow),  and  on  a  separate 
shield  her  second  husband  would  charge 
in  pretence  (she  being  an  heraldic  heiress) 
her  paternal  arms  upon  his  own — the  lozenge 
and  the  shield  being  grouped  in  a  single 
composition,  the  shield  taking  precedence. 

If  she  remarried  a  peer,  she  would  not 
retain  the  arms  of  her  former  husband 
unless  his  rank  had  been  higher  than  that 
of  her  second  husband. 

Should  an  ordinary  widow  marry  a  second 
time,  she  would  cease  to  bear  the  arms  of 
her  first  husband. 

In  addition  to  Dr.  Woodward's  excellent 
work  I  would  refer  F.  to  Boutell's  even  better- 
known  '  Heraldry,  Historical  and  Popular  ' 
(1864),  where  he  will  find  some  useful  in- 
formation on  the  subject. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 
Antigua,  W.I. 

HENRY  ELLISON  (10  S.  x.  8,  95,  137). — 
I  do  not  grudge  Ellison  any  laurels  to  which 
he  is  entitled,  but  to  give  him  thirty-eight 
pages  of  a  work  in  which  Arthur  O'Shaugh- 
nessy  has  but  twenty-one,  Philip  Bourke 
Marston  twenty-three,  Lord  de  Tabley 
thirty-two,  and  Christina  Rossetti  herself 
only  forty-six,  is,  I  think,  to  exaggerate 
his  importance.  And  in  this  I  am  confirmed 
when  I  find  the  critic  who  introduces  him 
claiming  for  a  certain  piece  that  it  is 
"  of  such  quality  as  ranges  it  with  the  type  of  poems 
represented  by  some  of  the  '  higher  strains '  of  Dr. 
Henry  More  and  Henry  and  Thomas  Vaughan, 
Milton's '  L' Allegro '  and  '  II  Penseroso,'  and  Words- 
worth's 'Intimations  of  Immortality' — all  of  the 
imperishable  stuff  and  touched  with  the  light  of  the 
Neo-Platonists. " 

C.   C.  B. 

Z  :  NAME  or  THE  LETTER  (10  S.  x.  107). — • 
As  a  surname  Izzard  and  its  variants  Izard, 
Izod,  &c.,  have  been  in  use,  it  will  be  found, 
more  than  two  centuries.  Bardsley's  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Surnames  '  quotes  1661  ;  and  I 
think  several  earlier  references  may  be 
found  in  the  Probate  Registry  Indices  at 
Somerset  House.  WM.  JAGGARD. 


198 


'  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  MOB. 


"HOVELLING"  (10  S.  x.  125). — The  custom 
is  evidently  understood  in  more  senses  than 
that  to  which  attention  is  directed  by  Q.  V. 
In  the  Sussex  dialect  "  hovelers  "  are  "  men 
who  go  out  to  sea  in  boats  for  the  purpose 
of  meeting  homeward-bound  vessels,  and 
engaging  with  the  captain  to  unload  them 
when  they  enter  the  harbour"  ('Diet,  of 
Sussex  Dialect,'  by  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Parish, 
1875,  p.  59). 

In  a  "  turnover  "  in  The  Globe  for  2  Aug., 
1905,  entitled  '  Hovelling,'  an  epitaph  to  a 
hoveller  in  Deal  Churchyard  is  quoted  : — 
Full  many  lives  he  saved  with  his  undaunted  crew ; 
He  put  his  trust  in  Providence,  and  cared  not  how 
it  blew. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

I  have  not  present  access  to  the  'N.E.D.,' 
but  am  much  surprised  that  the  true, 
and  still  current,  meaning  of  the  above  is 
not  generally  known.  The  ' '  general  reader" 
must  have  come  across  its  explanation  in 
any  guide-book  to  the  east  coast  of  Kent, 
or  in  notices  of  Deal  in  the  daily  press  and 
elsewhere.  "  Hovellers  "  is  duly  recorded, 
as  a  Kentish  expression,  in  that  common,  but 
sound  work — Halliwell's  '  Dictionary.' 

H.  P.  L. 

[The  '  N.E.D.'  has  hovel  er  in  the  senses  of  pilot, 
ship  plunderer,  and  a  boatman  who  assists  ships, 
and  gives  quotations  ranging  from  Falconer  (1769) 
to  The  Daily  News  of  1884.] 

THE  DOUBLE-HEADED  EAGLE  (10  S.  ix. 
350  ;  x.  153). — Mr.  Baring-Gould  in  his 
'Germany'  (p.  119)  gives  the  following 
account  : — 

"When  he  [i.e.,  Conrad  III.,  who  died  in  1152] 
was  at  Constantinople  he  saw  that  the  Byzantine 
emperor  bore  on  his  imperial  standards  a  two- 
headed  eagle  to  represent  the  double  empire,  East 
and  West,  which  had  for  a  while  been  united  under 
Constantine  and  his  successors.  Conrad  was  struck 
with  the  idea,  and  when  he  came  home  he  assunied 
the  double-headed  eagle  as  the  arms  of  his  empires, 
and  you  will  see  it  on  the  coins  of  both  the 
Emperor  of  Germany  and  the  Emperor  of  Austria 
at  the  present  day.  There  is  a  story  told — but  it  is, 
of  course,  only  a  story — that  one  of  the  grand  dukes 
of  Austria  was  out  shooting  in  the  Tyrol  some  years 
ago,  and  the  huntsman  with  him  brought  down  an 
eagle.  When  the  grand  duke  pickod  it  up,  '  Why,' 
said  he,  '  what  a  queer  eagle  !  It  has  only  one 
head  ! '  He  had  seen  the  imperial  eagle  all  his  life 
on  banners  and  coins,  and  thought  all  eagles  had 
two  necks  and  heads." 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

In  a  coloured  plate  in  Ormerod's  '  History 
of  Cheshire  '  the  figure  of  Earl  Leofric  bears 
the  device  of  a  double-headed  eagle.  The 
double-headed  eagle  is  also  displayed  in  the 
arms  of  the  ancient  Shropshire  family  of 
Mytton.  A.  H.  D. 


"  CADEY  "  (10  S.  x.  147).— This  word  has 
long  been  in  common  use  in  Australia  as 
a  slang  name  for  hat.  It  is  spelt  indif- 
ferently "  cadey  "  or  "  cady."  Prof.  Morris 
in  his  '  Austral-English  '  spells  it  "  caddie," 
but  I  have  never  seen  it  in  that  form  in  the 
Australian  newspapers.  According  to  Prof. 
Morris,  the  word  is  "  a  bush  name  for  the 
slouch-hat  or  wide-awake.  In  the  Australian 
bush  the  brim  is  generally  turned  down 
at  the  back,  and  sometimes  all  round." 
Evidently  the  word  started  with  the  bush 
hat,  and  gradually  became  identified  with 
any  form  of  Australian  hat.  Its  transmis- 
sion from  Australia  to  England  would  be 
an  easy  process.  J.j^F.  HOGAN. 

Royal  Colonial  Institute, 

Northumberland  Avenue. 

"  Cadey "  figures  in  the  '  E.D.D.'  as 
simply  "  a  hat."  It  is  said  to  be  used 
in  Scotland,  Northumberland,  Lancashire, 
Warwickshire,  and  by  the  speaker  of  slang. 
Reference  is  made  to  4  S.  iii.  406  for  "  a 
cady  or  straw  cady."  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

In  Barrere  and  Leland's  '  Dictionary  of 
Slang,'  1897,  this  is  said  to  be  "a  hat, 
from  an  old  style  resembling  a  barrel," 
"  cadi  "  being  provincial  English  for  a  barrel 
or  small  cask.  But  may  it  not  be  that  this 
kind  of  hat,  presumably  in  the  first  place 
a  "  tall "  hat,  was  originally  worn  either 
by  a  "  cadi,"  or  magistrate,  or  by  the  army 
cadet,  who  was  phonetically  known  as  a 
"  cadee  "  ?  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

MATTHEW  AUNOLD  ON  PIGEONS  (10  S.  x. 
149).  —  In  his  work  on  the  Pentateuch 
Colenso  raises  difficulty  about  Lev.  xii.  8, 
and  asks  :  "  Where  could  they  have 
obtained  these  250  '  turtledoves  or  young 
pigeons '  daily,  that  is,  90,000  annually, 
in  the  wilderness  ?  "  With  regard  to 
Lev.  x.  16-20  he  says  :  "  The  very  pigeons, 
to  be  brought  as  sin-offerings  for  the  birth 
of  children,  would  have  averaged,  according 
to  the  story,  264  a  day  ;  and  each  priest 
would  have  had  to  eat  daily  88  for  his  own 
portion  !  " 

If  these  passages  were  in  Arnold's  mind 
he  would  seem  to  have  had  only  a  confused 
recollection  of  the  figures.  F.  JAKRATT. 

"WHIPPING  THE  CAT"  (10  S.  ix.  5,  317, 
494).  —  '  Gentleman's  Magazine  Library  : 
Manners  and  Customs,'  p.  258,  has  an  account 
of  the  custom  of  "  Whipping  the  cat  "  at 
Albrighton,  Salop,  extracted  from  Gent. 
Mag.,  1807,  part  ii.  pp.  1192-3;  1808, 
part  i.  pp.  411-12.  E.  GANDY. 

Inland  Revenue,  Aberayron. 


io  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


199 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Cambridge  History  of  English  Literature. 
Edited  by  A.  W.  Ward  and  A.  R.  Waller.— 
Vol.11.  The  End  of  the  Middle  Ages.  (Cambridge, 
University  Press.) 

THE  second  volume  of  this  '  History '  will  confirm 
the  good  opinion  expressed  of  the  first,  reviewed 
in  our  number  for  30  Nov.,  1907.  The  selection 
of  authors  for  the  special  sections  seems  to  us 
for  the  most  part  admirable ;  and  the  reduction 
of  the  number  of  writers  an  advantage,  as  it  lessens 
the  disparities  of  view  and  style,  which  naturally 
jar  on  readers  of  sensitive  taste.  Thus  Prof. 
Gregory  Smith  has  three  chapters  on  Scottish 
subjects,  and  Prof.  Saintsbury  two — on  'Chaucer' 
and  '  The  English  Chaucerians '  respectively.  Miss 
Alice  D.  Greenwood  writes  one  chapter  on  'The 
Beginnings  of  English  Prose '  and  two  on  '  English 
Prose  in  the  Fifteenth  Century.' 

The  opening  article  on  '"Piers  the  Plowman" 
and  its  Sequence '  has  already  received  most  enthu- 
siastic recognition  from  Dr.  Furnivall,  and  its 
conclusion  that  the  poems  are  not  the  work  of  a 
single  author  is  cogent  enough  to  demand  con- 
sideration in  any  future  study  of  the  subject. 
Prof.  Gregory  Smith  is  one  of  the  soundest  scholars 
we  have,  and  his  work  here  is  excellent.  Prof. 
Saintsbury,  equally  erudite,  has  got  into  a  tortured 
and  tortuous  style  of  diction  which  is  irritating. 
Miss  Alice  Greenwood  vindicates  her  right  to  a 
place  among  her  distinguished  colleagues,  though 
ner  writing  seems  to  us  occasionally  rather  jejune 
and  thin. 

Two  or  three  chapters  are  in  the  hands  of 
acknowledged  specialists  whose  work  could  pro- 
bably not  be  bettered  anywhere.  Such  are  the 
account  of  John  Gower  by  Mr.  G.  C.  Macaulay,  of 
'  The  Introduction  of  Printing  into  England '  by 
Mr.  E.  Gordon  Duff,  and  '  Ballads '  by  Prof.  F.  B. 
Gummere,  who  is  perhaps  a  little  pedantic,  but 
always  worth  reading.  Dr.  T.  A.  Walker's  account 
of  '  English  and  Scottish  Education '  and  '  Univer- 
sities and  Public  Schools  to  the  Time  of  Colet '  is  a 
piece  of  highly  compressed  work  which  shows  both 
care  and  ability.  Dr.  Walker  is  able  to  throw  con 
siderable  light  on  his  subject  by  special  reference" 
to  the  constitution  and  ancient  library  of  his  own 
college,  Peterhouse. 

The  volume  teems  with  debatable  questions  ;  the 
mere  names  of  Chaucer,  Malory,  and  Huchoun 
suggest  long- waged  battle ;  but  we  cannot  afford 
the  space  for  discussion,  which  usually  depends  on 
a  number  of  rival  probabilities  or  possibilities  not 
to  be  marshalled  in  a  brief  space.  Our  own  pre- 
possessions, so  far  as  we  have  formed  them,  do 
not  move  us  to  dispute  the  learning  here  laid 
before  us. 

The  style  of  the  present  volume,  which  is  too 
informative  to  be  easy  reading,  seems  to  us  to  be  in 
advance  of  that  of  the  previous  one,  nor  is  the 
clumsiness  of  expression  which  often,  alas !  goes 
with  erudition  at  all  prominent.  As  a  book  for 
serious  students,  then,  this  '  Cambridge  History ' 
should  be  in  great  favour.  The  Bibliographies  are 
laudably  full,  and  even  refer  to  forthcoming  books 
as  well  as  fugitive  papers  of  value,  which  are  often 
difficult  to  find. 


Johnson  on  Shakespeare.  Essays  and  Notes  selected 

and  set  forth  with  an  Introduction  by  Walter 

Raleigh.    (Frowde.) 

THIS  most  attractive  reprint  should  be  peculiarly 
welcome  to  all  students  of  English  criticism. 
Johnson's  attitude  *  towards  Shakespeare  was- 
singularly  in  advance  of  his  time,  as  was  also  his 
conception  of  one  portion  at  least  of  the  duties  of 
a  commentator.  "It  has  been,"  he  says,  "my 
settled  principle,  that  the  reading  of  the  ancient 
books  is  probably  true,  and  therefore  is  not  to  be 
disturbed  for  the  sake  of  elegance,  perspicuity,  or 
mere  improvement  of  the  sense."  Every  reader 
must  needs  be  at  one  with  Prof.  Raleigh,  the- 
present  editor,  when  in  his  able  Introduction  h& 
laments  that  these  notes  on  Shakespeare  are  "all 
too  few."  The  Doctor's  dictatorial  tone  is  refresh- 
ing ;  so  top  is  his  keen  eye  for  inconsistency,  how- 
ever trivial ;  while  there  is  something  almost 
humorous  in  his  honest  inability  to  appreciate  that 
which  most  of  us  have  learnt  to  love  as  "  Shake- 
sperian  humour  " — for  example,  when,  in  comment- 
ing on  the  flaming  nose  of  Bardolph,  he  observes  ^ 
"  The  conception  is  very  cold  to  the  solitary  reader,, 
though  it  may  be  somewhat  invigorated  by  ex- 
hibition on  the  stage." 

The  volume  is  admirably  printed  and  neatly 
bound,  and  is  a  characteristic  work — both  in  respect 
of  excellences  and  limitations — of  the  most  typically 
English  of  critics. 

IN  The  Gornhill  for  September  there  is  an 
excellent  story  of  rustic  life,  '  The  Ploughinr 
Match,'  by  M.  E.  Francis.  Mr.  Lucy's  capital 
reminiscences  of  his  journalistic  career  are  con- 
tinued, and  form  most  interesting  reading.  He- 
recalls  his  editorship  of  Mayfair,  a  brilliant 
periodical  which  did  not  succeed  like  Yates's  paper 
The  World.  Mr.  J.  H.  Yoxall,  writing  on 
'  Salomon  Gessner  and  the  Alps,'  indulges  in  an 
amount  of  reverie  and  fine  writing  which  bores  us» 
His  claims  to  be  a  stylist  are  slender.  '  A  Commen- 
tary,' by  Mr.  Galsworthy,  is  reviewed  by  Lady 
Robert  Cecil,  whose  remarks  are  more  improving 
than  diverting.  The  Rev.  G.  S.  Davies  has  a 
capital  article  on  'Rome  Then  and  Now,'  the 
"  Then"  representing  1870.  '  Military  Small  Beer,'' 
by  an  anonymous  writer,  is  excellent,  especially 
with  regard  to  the  strong  language  of  some  old 
military  authorities  ;  but  E.V.  B.  on  '  The  Duke '  is 
disappointing;  here  is  "small  beer"  indeed,  but  a 
pleasant  exhibition  of  hero-worship. 

Two  articles  on  '  The  Problems  of  the  Near  East ' 
occupy  the  beginning  of  The  Fortnightly.  Mr. 
Francis  Gribble  follows  with  a  keen  examination  of 
'  Tolstoy  and  the  Tolstoyans,'  which  seems  to  us  to 
make  some  fair  points  against  the  Russian  and  his 
disciples.  Mrs.  Stopes  has  a  well-reasoned  and 
learned  article  on  '  The  Constitutional  Basis  of 
Women's  Suffrage.'  Mr.  E.  H.  Cooper  is  both 
practical  and  amusing  in  '  English  Railways  and 
Summer  Holidays.'  Mr.  E.  H.  D.  Sewell  has  a 
good  account  of  '  The  Cricket  Season,  1908,'  but  he 
has  not  noticed  the  fact  that  the  champion  county 
is  nowhere  in  the  batting  averages,  having  won 
chiefly  by  its  bowlers.  '  Mark  Rutherford  :  an< 
Appreciation,'  by  Miss  Frances  Low,  is  welcome,, 
for  this  really  great  writer  has  not  yet  come  to  his- 
deserved  fame,  partly,  perhaps,  owing  to  the- 
restricted  and  unfashionable  setting  of  his  stories. 
Applauding  Miss  Low's  sentiments  as  a  whole,  we 
must  add  that  they  are  somewhat  wildly  expressed. 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10  s.  x.  SEPT.  5,  im. 


IN  The  Burlington  an  editorial  article  o 
*  Museums'  contrasts  the  demands  of  small,  isolatei 
centres  of  art  with  the  more  complex  requirement 
of  the  great  centres  of  civilization.  The  ideal  firs 
worked  out  by  a  few  enthusiastic  officials  at  Boston 
Massachusetts,  is  advocated  as  being  on  the  whol 
best  calculated  to  meet  aesthetic,  art-historical,  am 
technical  points  of  view,  and  as  offering  a  solutior 
of  the  way  to  make  museums  centres  for  education 
in  art.  'The  pictures  illustrating  'The  French 
School  in  the  National  Gallery' — in  which  the 
editor  draws  attention  to  the  task  which  lies  before 
Sir  Charles  Holrqyd  in  his  endeavour  to  strengthen 
the  Gallery  at  its  weakest  point — include  four 
Corots  ;  '  La  Main  Chaude,'  by  J.  F.  de  Troy  ;  an 
interesting  portrait,  bearing  an  unmistakabij 
Napoleonic  stamp,  of  Elisa  Bonaparte,  by  David 
and  an  unautheriticated  portrait  of  Malibran 
attributed  to  Ingres.  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  writes 
on  '  A  Watteau  in  the  Jones  Collection,'  and  Mr 
W.  Rankin  on  '  Art  in  America.'  Fresh  light  is 
thrown  by  Mr.  G.  T.  Clough  on  fifteenth-century 
book-collecting  arid  the  high  literary  purpose  thai 
informed  it ;  Dr.  A.  Koester  in  a  fullyi  llustratec 
article  traces  the  development  of  '  Hair-dressing 
among  the  Ancient  Greeks '  from  the  earliest  times 
through  all  the  different  periods  of  classica" 
activity.  '  The  Swing,'  by  Jean  Antoine  Watteau 
makes  a  charming  frontispiece  to  an  interesting 
number. 

AMONG  the  multitude  of  questions  dealt  with  in 
the  later  numbers  of  the  Intermediate  are  medicine 
and  zoology  in  Homer,  the  legend  of  the  Wandering 
Jew,  and  the  use  of  the  word  mildiou — that  is,  the 
English  "mildew" — for  a  parasitic  disease  which 
attacks  the  vine.  "  The  Spinning  Sow  "  and  other 
quaint  tavern  signs,  such  as  "  The  Ass  playing  the 
Viol"  and  "The  Smoking  Cat,"  are  also  noticed. 
An  interesting  article  in  the  issue  for  20  July  is 
devoted  to  Marcouls,  the  "  seventh  sons  "  who  heal 
scrofula  by  touch  in  the  name  of  St.  Marcoul 
"Moreover,"  says  the  writer,  "  these  same  seventh 
sons  cure  canine  madness  in  the  name  of  St.  Quit- 
terie,  and  tertian  and  quartan  fevers.  Arid  I  know 
ten  other  quite  as  scientific  manners  of  curing 
scrofula."  It  appears  that  in  Spain  the  seventh 
sons  who  deal  with  king's-evil  are  named  "  Salu- 
dadors,"  and  are  said  to  have  on  the  tongue  or  the 
palate  a  distinctive  mark — a  cross,  fleur  de  lis,  or 
Catharine  -  wheel.  They  specially  cure  hydro- 
phobia, but  also  heal  scrofula  through  their  touch 
accompanied  by  prayers. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — SEPTEMBER. 

MR.  L.  C.  BRAUN'S  Catalogue  56  contains  under 
Binding  the  Towneley  copy  of  a  fine  work  issued  at 
Treviso  in  1741,  containing  over  400  large  plates, 
giving  thousands  of  illustrations  of  numismatic  and 
antiquarian  objects,  the  4  folio  vols.  bound  in  one, 
full  morocco,  3/.  3s.  The  general  portion  includes 
Walpole's  'Noble  Authors,'  5  vols.,  morocco,  1806, 
3£.  10s.  ;  '  The  National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Illus- 
trious Personages,'  with  memoirs  by  Codke  Taylor, 
4  vols.,  II.  10s.;  Knight's  'Gallery  of  Portraits,' 
7  vols.,  1833,  21.  58.  ;  first  edition  of  '  The  New- 
comes,'  16s. ;  Boswell's  '  Johnson,'  10  vols.,  Murray, 
1839,  3?.  5s. ;  Lowell,  Riverside  Edition,  11  vols., 
11.  5s.  ;  Macaulay,  Library  Edition,  8  vols.,  41.  10s. ; 
and  Whistler's  'Gentle  Art  of  making  Enemies,'  first 
edition,  Heiriemann,  1890,  11.  10s.  Under  French 


Literature  will  be  found  a  set  of  Moliere,  6  vols., 
large  4to,  1734,  51.  10s.  Qd.  ;  La  Fontaine,  '  Les 
Amours  de  Psyche  et  de  Cupidon,'  2  vols.,  12mo, 
1787,  21. ;  the  first  edition  of  'Contes  et  Nouvelles,' 
with  plates,  1685,  11.  5s.  ;  and  '  Robinson  Crusoe,' 
translated  by  Sainte-Hyacinthe  and  Van  Effen, 
22  curious  plates  by  Picart,  1720-21,  11.  There  are 
items  under  German,  Musical,  Travels,  &c. 

Mr.  Frank  Murray's  premises  at  Derby  are  re- 
quired for  municipal  improvements,  and  he  devotes 
Catalogue  229  to  items  at  a  shilling  each.  He  in- 
tends to  issue  a  large  Clearance  List  later. 

Messrs.  W.  N.  Pitcher  &  Co.'s  Manchester  Cata- 
logue 161  contains  a  good  general  selection,  includ- 
ing two  first  editions  under  Ainsworth  ('  Clitheroe,' 
11.  17s.  6d.,  and  'The  Spendthrift,3  11.  10s.)  and 
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THE   HISTORY  OF  THE   PART  OF 

WEST      SOMERSET 

COMPRISING  THE  PARISHES  OF 

LUCCOMBE,  SELWOETHY,  STOKE  PEBO,  POELOCK  CULBONE,  &  OAEE. 

BY 

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10  B.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


201 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  12,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  246. 

NOTES :— Addison's  Maternal  Ancestry,  201— The  Spleen 
unfavourable  to  Running,  202— Dr.  Johnson's  Ancestors, 
203 — Turstin  de  Wigmore,  205— Ben  Jonson  and  Bodenham 
— "  Pope's  Head  Tavern  "— "  Baal-Fires  "  near  Belper,  206 
— Net-Maker's  Circular — Electricity  in  Agriculture — Nes- 
torian  Tablet  in  Si-Ngan  Foo,  207. 

QU  EBIES :— Southey  on  a  Newcastle  Miracle,  207— Erasmus 
Williams  of  Dorset  —  "  Forisfactura  "  —  "  Bough-pot  "— 
The  Lion  and  the  Unicorn,  208— Longfellow's  '  Psalm  of 
Life '— Wortley  Family  of  Barnsley  —  Wilberforce  and 
Huxley  at  the  British  Association— Proclamation  against 
Immorality — Latin  Inscription  in  Italy — Col.  Stepkin  and 
Capt.  Backhouse— French  Coat  of  Arms,  209— Epitaph  in 
Owen  MSS. — Charles  Parnell :  was  he  of  Jewish  Descent? 
—Robert  Heacock  or  Hiccocks— "Flash  of  lightning,"  a 
Liquor— Chesterton  and  Hanley,  Staffs— Glendonwyn  of 
Glendonwyn— Kingsley's  '  Lorraine,  Lorraine,  Lorree,'  210. 

REPLIES:— London  Statues  and  Memorials,  211— Con- 
stables of  the  Tower,  213— Dethick  Pedigree,  214— Old 
Names  of  Apples  —  Peter  Quivel,  Bishop  of  Exeter— 
Steering-Wheel—"  Blooding  a  Witch  "— Akbar's  Likeness 


the  Queen — Ruth  well  Cross—"  As  the  farmer  sows  his 
seed  "— "  The  Protector's  Head,"  Inn  Sign,  217— Roses  as 
Badges — ' '  Sinews  of  war  " — Archbishop  of  Dover — Authors 
of  Quotations  Wanted—"  Praises  let  Britons  sing  "—Old 
Tunes-  H.  Hopper,  Modeller— Buxton,  218. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— Stubbs  on  Germany  in  the  Early 
Middle  Ages—'  The  Nineteenth  Century '— '  The  National 
Review.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ADDISON'S  MATERNAL  ANCESTRY. 

THE  following  notes  attempt  to  trace 
four  generations  of  the  maternal  ancestors 
and  relatives  of  Joseph  Addison.  No  con- 
nected account  of  them  appears  to  have 
been  published,  although  almost  all  his 
biographers  mention  that  his  mother,  Jane 
Gulston,  was  a  sister  of  Bishop  Gulston. 
The  name  is  variously  spelt  Goldson,  Golson, 
'Golston,  Gouldston,  Goulston,  Gulson,  Gul- 
ston. 

I.  Thomas  Gulston  of  Wymondham,* 
Leicestershire,  was  doubtless  related  to 
William  Gulston,  who  was  parson  of 
Wymondham  in  1538  (Nichols,  *  History  of 
Leicester/  vol.  ii.  p.  404),  and  to  Nathaniel 
•Gulston,  D.D.,  parson  of  Wymondham, 
who  was  buried  there  24  Feb.,  1681/2 
\ Nichols,  ibid.,  makes  Nathaniel  son  of  the 
^above-mentioned  William).  Thomas  Gul- 
-ston  died  24  Jan.,  1577/8  ;  Inq.  P.M.  at 
Hinkeley,  co.  Leicester,  18  Oct.,  20  Eliz. 
<  Wards  and  Liveries,  Inq.  P.M.,  vol.  xix. 


*  The  family  occur  also  in  the  sixteenth  century 
in  the  Leicestershire  parishes  of  Somerby,  Pickwell, 
Dalby,  and  Melton. 


No.  122).  The  jury  say  that  Thomas 
Golston  was  seised  of  one  messuage,  one 
cottage,  and  ten  and  a  half  virgates  of  land 
in  Wymondham  «.  alias  Womandham  and 
Edmondesthorpe  alias  Thorpe  Edmere,  co. 
Leicester,  formerly  parcel  of  Stixwolde  Priory. 
By  his  will  he  gave  the  house  where  he 
dwelt  and  one- third  of  his  lands  to  his  wife 
Elizabeth  for  her  life,  the  other  two  parts 
to  go  equally  to  Henrie  Golston  and  Hum- 
phrey Golston,  his  sons  ;  and  the  remainder 
of  his  wife's  third  and  the  house  aforesaid  to 
the  said  Henrie,  and  the  cottage  to  Hum- 
phrey after  Elizabeth's  death. 

II.  William  Gulston,  "  clerk,  son  and 
heir  "  of  Thomas,  found  to  be  "  aged  thirty 
and  more "  18  Oct.,  1578,  was  Rector  of 
Wymondham  1584,  and  was  living  26  April, 
1632.  By  his  wife  Elizabeth  (also  then 
living)  he  had  issue  : — 

(1)  John    Gulston,    admitted    to    Gray's 
Inn  22  June,   1601,  then  described  as  "of 
Wymondham,     Leicester,     gent."     Protho- 
nobary  of  the  Common  Pleas.     Bought  the 
Wyddial  estates,  Herts,  1628.     Married  and 
had  issue  (see  Cussans,    '  History  of  Hert- 
fordshire,'  vol.   i.   Hundred   of  Edwinstree, 
p.    121  ;     *  Visitation  of  Herts,'   Harl.    Soc. 
vol.    xxii.).     Will    dated    13    June,     1643  ; 
proved  P.C.C.  (at  Oxford),   13  April,   1644, 
by  Frances,  relict  and  executrix. 

(2)  Theodore  Gulston,  M.D.  (see  'D.N.B.' 
and  Wood,  *  Athense  Oxon.,'  vol.  ii.  p.  531), 
born    in    co.    Northampton.     M.A.,    Fellow 
of   Merton    College,    Oxford.     Admitted    to 
Gray's  Inn  9  March,    1605/6.     Founder  of 
the  Goulstonian  Lectureship  at  the  College 
of    Physicians.     Died    s.p.     Will    dated    26 
April ;    proved  P.C.C.  (64  Audley),  1  June, 
1632,  by  Ellen,  relict  and  executrix. 

(3)  Elizabeth,  living  1632,  widow  of 

Allen,     and     mother     of     Abraham     Allen. 
Abraham  Allen,  D.D.,  was  presented  to  the 
rectory  of  Wymondham,  10  Jan.,  1647/8. 

(4)  Dorothy,  living  1632,  widow  of  Robert 
Hill. 

(5)  Nathaniel  Gulston  (III.). 

(6)  Martha,  living  1632. 

(7)  A  daughter,  living  1632,  wife  of 

Weight  (?  Waite  of  Wymondham). 

(8)  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph  Stubbs  of  Stam- 
:ord,  and  mother  of  John  Stubbs  of  Nassing- 
ton.     Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Stubbs, 
was  wife  of  John  Lawrence,  Vicar  of  Nass- 

ngton,  afterwards  of  Stamford,  and  mother 
of  John  Laurence,  writer  on  gardening,  &c. 
e  'D.N.B.';  'N.  &  Q.',  10  S.  ii.  246; 
and  '  Antiquities  of  Sunderland,'  vol.  iv. 
p.  36),  and  of  Edward  Laurence,  writer  on 
land  surveying  (see  '  D.N.B.'). 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 


III.  Nathaniel  Gulston,  matriculated  from 
St.    Alban   Hall,    Oxford,    10    Nov.,    1598. 
Elected  scholar  of  Trinity  College  5  June, 
1599,    then    described    as    aged     16,     "  of 
Wimondab,     Leicestershire."      B.A.     1603, 
M.A.   1607.     Probationer  Fellow  of  Trinity 
College     12    June,     1609 ;      actual     Fellow 
15  June,   1610  ;    appears  to  have  vacated 
his  fellowship  in  1612.     Admitted  to  Gray's 
Inn  11  Aug.,  1609.     B.D.  1636,  D.D.  1637. 
Rector  of  Lyndon,  Rutland,  1617.     Rector 
of  Wymondham  1632  ;  buried  there  11  Dec., 
1647. 

Dr.  Nathaniel  Gulston  married  (pre- 
sumably after  26  April,  1632)  and  had 
issue  : — 

(1)  William    Gulston,    born    circa    1636  ; 
educated    at    Grantham    School    for    three 
years  ;     admitted    to    St.    John's    College, 
Cambridge,    4    Oct.,    1653,    then    described 
as     "of    Wimandham,    Leicestershire,    son 
of    Nathaniel  Gouldston,   D.D.,   deceased." 
M.A.,  D.D.     Patron  of  Wymondham  pleno 
jure,   temp.   Car.   II.     Chaplain  to  Frances, 
Duchess   of    Somerset  ;     presented   by   her, 
1669,  to  the  rectory  of  Symondsbury,  Dorset. 
Bishop    of   Bristol,    cons.    9   Feb.,    1678/9  ; 
held  Symondsbury  Rectory  in  commendam. 
Died  at  Symondsbury  Parsonage   4  April, 
buried  in  the  chancel  18  April,  1684.    Bishop 
Gulston    married    and    had    issue    a    son, 
Seymour  Gulston,  born  circa  1672,  Rector 
of  Symondsbury   1695  ;    and  (according  to 
'  D.N.B.,'    sub    Eustace    Budgell)    an    only 
daughter,    Mary,    second    wife    of    Gilbert 
Budgell,  D.D.,  of  St.  Thomas's,  Exeter,  and 
mother  of  Eustace  Budgell,  born  19   Aug., 
1686,     one     of     the     contributors     to     The 
Spectator. 

(2)  Jane  (IV.). 

(3)  Dorothy,      bapt.      at      Wymondham, 
5  Nov.,  1646  ;    then  described  as  "daughter 
of  Mr.  Nathanaell  Gulston  Doctr  in  Divfcie." 

IV.  Jane  Gulston,  born  circa  1645,  wife 
of  Lancelot  Addison  and  mother  of  Joseph 
Addison,   described  by  Tickell    (Preface  to 
'  Miscellaneous     Works '     of     Addison)     as 
"  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Gulston,  D.D.,  and 
sister   of   Dr.    William   Gulston,    Bishop    of 
Bristol."     Marriage  licence  (V.-G.)  11  June, 
1670  ;     allegation    by"  Francis    Ashley,    of 
St.    Clement   Danes,    for   marriage   in   that 
parish,  at  St.  Mary's,  Savoy,  or  in  Gray's 
Inn  Chapel.     The   inclusion   of    Gray's   Inn 
Chapel    may   be    connected    with    the  fact 
that  Dr.  Nathaniel  Gulston    and    his   two 
brothers  were,  as  has  been  seen,  all  members 
of  Gray's  Inn.     Mrs.  Addison  died  30  June, 
1684    (cf.  5  S.  vi.  350   and  7  S.  viii.  6).     A 
monumental    inscription    in    the    choir    of 


Lichfield  Cathedral  stated  that  she  was 
"  full  of  hope "  in  view  of  death  at  a 
comparatively  early  age.  It  is  hardly 
fanciful  to  suggest  that  this  description 
forecasts  the  typically  cheerful  piety  of  her 
illustrious  son,  which  was  never  more  mani- 
fest than  on  his  death-bed. 

Can  any  one  add  anything  of  genealogical 
interest  ?  G.  O.  BELLEWES. 

3,  Carlyle  Gardens,  Cheyne  Row,  S.W. 


THE     SPLEEN    UNFAVOURABLE     TO 
RUNNING. 

IN  the  first  canto  of  Mistral's  poem 
'  Mireio  '  the  youthful  hero  tells  the  story 
of  a  foot-race  at  Nimes.  The  favourite 
is  full  of  confidence.  "  S'ei  di  qu'avie  ges 
de  ratello,"  it  was  said  that  he  had  no  spleen. 
This  idea  is  very  common  in  Provence  : 
"  He  runs  like  a  derata"  that  is,  as  one- 
without  a  spleen.  It  would  be  curious  to 
know  if  there  be  any  idea  of  this  kind  sur- 
viving in  Northern  countries. 

Some  time  ago  a  medical  correspondent 
of  The  Standard  asked  for  records  of  any 
operation  for  removal  of  the  spleen  in  athletes 
of  ancient  times.  This  communication  was 
reproduced  in  The  British  Medical  Journal, 
with  the  remark  that  Pliny  had  spoken  of 
the  operation  : — 

"The  passage  in  Pliny's  'Natural  History r 
(Eleventh  Book)  in  Philemon  Holland's  Version 
runs  as  follows.  Speaking  of  the  spleen,  he  says  : 
'  This  member  hath  a  prqpertie  by  itself  sometimes, 
to  hinder  a  man's  running :  whereupon  professed 
runners  in  the  race  that  be  troubled  with  the  splene, 
have  a  deuise  to  burne  and  wast  it  with  a  hot  yron. 
And  no  marvell ;  for  why  ?  they  say  that  the  splene 
may  be  taken  out  of  the  bodie  by  way  of  incision 
and  yet  the  creature  live  neverthelesse :  but  if  it  be- 
man  or  woman  that  is  thus  cut  for  the  splene,  hee 
or  she  loseth  their  laughing  by  the  means.  For  sure 
it  is  that  un  temperate  laughers  have  alwaies  great 
splenes.' " 

When  "  spleen "  is  reached  in  the 
'  O.E.D.,'  quotations  will  very  possibly 
throw  light  on  the  subject.  Meanwhile  I 
only  point  out  that  "  rate  "  and  "  ratel," 
corresponding  to  the  French  rate  and  the- 
Proven9al  ratello,  are  duly  mentioned  in 
it,  with  a  1578  quotation  :  "  greeues  [griefs,, 
ailments]  comming  or  proceeding  from  the 
Rate  or  Spleene." 

It  seems  as  if  ancient  physiology  tried 
to  find  a  function  for  the  spleen,  placed 
as  it  is  on  the  left  side,  and  corresponding 
on  a  smaller  scale  to  the  liver  on  the  right 
side.  It  corrected  the  morbid  tendency 
of  the  liver  ;  to  this  organ  melancholy  was 
attributed,  and  to  the  spleen  an  opposite 
disposition.  So  the  larger  or  the  mor& 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


203 


active  the  spleen,  the  more  it  disposed  to 
laughter,  correcting  the  tendency  of  the 
liver  to  produce  melancholy.  Then,  as  one 
cannot  run  laughing,  a  good  spleen  would  be 
said  to  hinder  running  or  the  tendency  to 
hurry  or  to  worry.  Conversely,  deficiency 
of  spleen,  while  *  good  for  running  races, 
would  diminish  ease  of  temper  ;  thus  it  is 
said  of  a  restless  man  "  a  ges  de  rato  dins 
lou  cors  "  (he  has  nought  of  spleen  in  the 
body).  But  splenetic  melancholy,  a  fit  of 
the  spleen,  would  occur  when  "  the  splene 
is  to  feble  to  purge  the  malancolient  blood  " 
(' O.E.D..'  "  melancholiaiit  " ).  So  ancient 
and  mediaeval  medicine  believed  in  stimu- 
lating the  spleen  to  healthy  reaction  on  the 
liver.  One  way  was  by  merrymaking. 
Hence  the  French  adjective  desopilant, 
commonly  applied  to  an  amusing  story  or 
comedy,  means  one  that,  by  making  the 
ribs  shake  with  laughter,  will  "  desopiler 
la  rate,"  an  expression  which  found  its 
way  from  Provence.  Here  "  desoupila  la 
rato,"  "  se  purga  la  rato,"  "  mouse  la  rato  " 
(to  milk  the  spleen),  "  la  rato  jais  "  (the 
spleen  gushes),  testify  to  the  persistence  of 
the  idea  that  laughter  is  good  for  health. 

With  "  spleen  "  and  "  rate  "  we  also 
have  "milt,"  in  Provencal  meusso ;  an  easy- 
going man  is  said  to  have  "  uno  bello 
meusso."  This  word  is  so  probably  related 
to  meu,  honey,  that  it  seems  to  corroborate 
the  presumed  derivation  of  rato,  the  spleen, 
from  L.  radius,  in  the  sense  of  the  organ 
having  been  likened  to  a  honeycomb,  Fr. 
"  rayon  de  miel,"  Pr.  "  rai  de  meu  "  (though 
now  generally  "  bresco  de  meu  "). 

Thus  two  of  the  three  terms  for  spleen — 
rato  and  meusso — correspond,  the  one  to 
the  rai  (=  honeycomb)  structure  of  the 
spleen,  the  other  to  the  presumed  meu 
(  =  honey)  secretion  which  required  milking 
or  purgation  if  it  accumulated.  And  as  we 
find  in  the  English  "  milt  "  a  double  mean- 
ing, due  to  the  influence  of  "  melt  "  anc 
"  milk,"  in  regard  to  the  milt  of  male  fishes 
so  we  find  in  Proven9al  a  corresponding 
idea  in  the  supposed  effect  of  merrimenl 
on  the  spleen.  EDWARD  NICHOLSON. 

2,  Berkley  Street,  Liverpool. 


DR.  JOHNSON'S  ANCESTORS    AND 
CONNEXIONS. 

(See  10  S.  viii.  281,  382,  462  ;  ix.  43,  144, 
302,  423  ;  x.  44.) 

Michael  Johnson's  Apprentice. — The  late 
MR.  H.  SYDNEY  GRAZEBROOK,  F.S.A.,  showed 
in  *  N.  &  Q.'  twenty-five  years  ago  (6  S.  v. 
147)  that  about  1692  Michael  Johnson  had 


lvmg*"with  him  at  his  house  in  Sadler's 
Row,  Market  Street,  Lichfield,  an  apprentice 
named  Simon  Martin,  aged  sixteen.  I 
suggested  in  my  book  (p.  217)  that  he  was 
probably  related  £o  the  Simon  Martin  who 
was  Junior  Bailiff  of  Lichfield  in  1684,  and 
to  the  Simon  Martin  who  in  1661  contributed 
1Z.  towards  an  armed  force  for  the  service 
of  Charles  II.  and  the  defence  of  Lichfield. 

I  am  now  able  to  give  fuller  particulars 
of  this  apprentice.  "  Symon,  son  of  Mr. 
Symon  Martin,  Jun.,"  was  baptized  at 
St.  Mary's,  Lichfield,  on  4  March,  1676/7. 
Simon  Martin,  "  the  elder,"  of  Lichfield,  gent., 
in  his  will  dated  31  Oct.,  1681,  and  proved 
14  Dec.,  1681,  at  Lichfield,  asks  to  be  buried 
amongst  his  parents  and  relations  in  St. 
Mary's  Church  ;  and  leaves  the  house  in 
St.  John  Street  where  he  dwells  to  his  son 
Simon,  to  whom  he  also  bequeaths  his 
library,  and  various  pieces  of  land  in  Lich- 
field. He  also  mentions  his  wife  Sarah  ; 
John  and  Simon,  sons  of  his  late  son  John 
Martin  ;  his  daughter  Sarah,  wife  of  Robert 
Wood  ("he  hath  been  a  prodigall"),  and 
her  children ;  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Adin 
Froggatt,  and  his  wife  ;  and  his  grandson 
William  Froggatt.  The  will  of  his  son, 
Simon  Martin,  "  the  elder,"  of  Lichfield,  gent., 
dated  4  Feb.,  1687/8,  was  proved  at  Lichfield 
on  2  April,  1688.  He  mentions  that  his 
children  are  mostly  small,  and  leaves  his 
property  to  his  wife  Abia  Martin  for  their 
education  till  they  come  of  age.  His  study 
of  books,  his  writings  and  muniments,  he 
leaves  to  his  son  John  Martin,  except  those 
books  or  writings  appearing  to  belong  to 
the  Register  Office,  desiring  him  to  let  his 
other  son  Simon  have  some  of  them.  He 
mentions  his  two  daughters,  Elizabeth  and 
Mary  ;  his  late  father  Simon  Martin  ;  and 
other  relatives.  One  Simon  Martin  occurs 
as  a  notary  public  in  Lichfield  in  1669  and 
1670  ;  this  probably  was  the  second  Simon, 
the  father  of  Michael  Johnson's  apprentice. 

Few  will  quarrel  with  me  for  identifying 
this  apprentice  with  the  Mr.  Simon  Martin, 
bookseller,  who  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Common  Council  of  Leicester  in  1702 
(James  Thompson's  '  History  of  Leicester 
in  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  1871,  p.  18). 
On  16  July,  1708,  Simon  Martin  voted  in 
favour  of  enclosing  the  South  Fields  in 
Leicester  (ibid.,  p.  26).  At  the  time  of  the 
Rebellion  in  1715 

"  a  body  of  soldiery  was  also  quartered  here  in 
October;  as  on  the  day  of  commemorating  the 
Coronation  (the  20th)  the  commissioned  officers 
were  invited  to  the  Ordinary  at  Mr.  Simon  Martin's 
(ths  White  Horse)."-/6iU,  p.  35. 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im 


On  3  July,  1727,  a  portion  of  the  Corporation 
took  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  George  II. 
and  abjurod  the  Pretender :  Mr.  Simon 
Martin  was  one  of  the  Aldermen  who  failed 
to  do  so — whether  from  disaffection  is  not 
known  (ibid.,  p.  49).  In  1728  Simon  Martin 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Leicester  (James 
Thompson's  '  History  of  Leicester  from  the 
Time  of  the  Romans,'  1849,  p.  479).  From 
Nichols's  '  Leicestershire,'  vol.  i.  p.  444,  I 
learn  that  Simon  Martin  was  elected  one  of  the 
chamberlains  of  Leicester  on  21  Sept.,  1715. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  when  Simon 
Martin  died.  In  W.  C.  B.'s  list  of  '  Pro- 
vincial Booksellers,'  contributed  to  '  N.  &  Q.' 
in!906(10S.  v.  183),  appears  under  Leicester, 
"  Simon  Marten  or  Martin,  1713-37."  His 
will  cannot  be  found  in  P.C.C.  between 
1737  and  1746.* 

When  Simon  Martin  was  an  apprentice, 
Michael  Johnson's  brother  Andrew  was 
helping  him  in  the  shop  at  Lichfield  ;  and  it 
is  worth  recalling  that  Andrew's  son,  Fisher 
Johnson,  left  Birmingham  for  Leicester  in 
1736.  Can  Simon  Martin  have  influenced  this 
change  of  residence  ?  Perhaps  some  local 
antiquary  can  tell  us  more  of  Simon  Martin. 

The  Eev.  John  Hunter's  Marriages. — In 
my  book,  in  my  account  of  the  masterful 
Lichfield  pedagoguef  (pp.  243-5),  I  was 


*  On  17  June,  1746,  admon.  of  the  estate  of  one 
Simon  Martin,  of  St.  Ives,  Hunts,  widower,  deed., 
was  granted  to  James  Martin,  the  son  (P.C.C. 
Admon.  Act  Book,  1746). 

t  From  Joseph  Hill's  '  Book  Makers  of  Old  Bir- 
mingham,' 1907,  I  learn  (p.  25)  that  "John 
Hunter,  MA.,  late  of  Birmingham,"  was  on  7  Jan., 
1694,  appointed  master  of  Sclihull  School,  where  he 
remained  until  1704,  the  year  in  which  the  Rev. 
•John  Hunter  was  appointed  head  master  of  Lich- 
field School.  Mr.  Hill  naturally  concludes  that  the 
Solihull  man  was  Johnson's  schoolmaster ;  and  also 
that  he  had  previously  held  the  post  of  assistant 
master  at  Birmingham  School.  Hunter's  descen- 
dant Sir  Robert  White-Thomson  knows  nothing  of 
his  parentage  or  earlier  career.  I  shall  be  glad  to 
know  if  such  information  is  in  existence. 

From  the  Victoria  History  of  '  Warwickshire,' 
1908,  vol.  ii.  p.  359,  under  Mr.  A.  F.  Leach's  account 
of  Solihull  Grammar  School,  I  learn  that  "  in  1694 
John  Hunter,  M.A.,  of  Birmingham,  was  appointed 
[master],  at  a  salary  of  22^.,  with  8/.  for  an  usher." 

To  The  Times  Literary  Supplement  for  16  January 
last,  p.  22,  the  veteran  Prof.  John  E.  B.  Mayor 
contributed  a  letter  in  which  he  announced  the 
discovery  that  Johnson's  schoolmaster  was  identical 
with  John,  son  of  Robert  Hunter,  a  Cheshire 
clergyman,  who,  with  his  brother  Robert,  entered 
Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  on  19  April,  1678,  each 
taking  his  degree  of  BA.  in  1681/2  and  of  M.A.  in 
1685.  I  understand,  however,  that  the  evidence  of 
identification  is  not  quite  conclusive.  To  the  same 
periodical  for  6  February,  p.  46,  the  Professor  sent 
some  further  interesting  notes  on  Hunter  and  his 
descendants. 


unable  to  give  any  accurate  particulars  of 
his  first  wife,  Miss  Norton,  sister  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Norton  of  Warwick,*  whose 
father  was  Edward  Norton  of  that  town.  • 
The  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Warwick,  has  very 
kindly  had  his  registers  searched  from  1700 
to  1716  for  the  Hunter-Norton  marriage, 
but  without  success  ;  and  the  Vicar  of  St. 
Nicholas's,  Warwick,  with  equal  kindness 
and  equal  lack  of  success,  has  had  his 
registers  searched  from  1700  to  1713  with 
the  same  object. 

I  was  also  unable  to  give  the  exact  date, 
or  the  place,  of  Hunter's  second  marriage 
to  Lucy  Porter,  the  sister  of  Harry  Porter, 
whose  widow  Johnson  married  ;  though 
I  discovered  that  the  settlement  before 
marriage  was  dated  9  June,  1726.  But  in 
Nichols's  '  Literary  Illustrations  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century,'  vol.  vii.  p.  362,  I  find 
a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Henry  White,  of 
Lichfield  Close,  dated  19  March,  1794, 
which  contains  the  following  statement : — 

"Lucy  Porter,  sister  to  Mr.  Porter  of  Birming- 
ham, was  the  second  wife  of  my  grandfather  Hunter, 
Dr.  Johnson's  schoolmaster.  They  were  married 
in  the  year  1726  at  Chelsea.  This  fact,  both  as  to 
time  and  place,  is  attested  by  my  mother,  the 
daughter  of  that  marriage,  now  resident  here,  aged 
sixty-five." 

An  application  to  St.  Luke's,  Chelsea, 
has  proved  this  statement  to  be  correct. 
The  vestry  clerk  has  courteously  sent  me 
the  following  copy  of  the  entry  : — 

"  1726,  June  10.  Mr.  John  Hunter,  of  the  City  of 
Litchfield,  Clerk,  Widower,  and  Lucy  Porter,  of 
St.  Lawrence  Jury,  London,  Spinster,  were  maried 
by  Licence  by  Mr.  Frazer." 

The  explanation  of  Lucy  Porter,  daughter 
of  a  Birmingham  mercer,  being  described 
as  of  St.  Laurence  Jewry,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  fact  that  her  elder  brother,  Joseph 
Porter,  was  a  merchant  in  Ironmonger  Lane. 
Dr.  Johnson's  Verses  on  a  Sprig  of  Myrtle. 
—The  Rev.  Henry  White's  letter,  from 
which  I  have  just  quoted,  was  written  to 
controvert  the  well-known  letter  written 
to  Boswell  by  Edmund  Hector,  on  9  Jan., 
1794,  in  which  he  directly  impugned  the 
truth  of  Miss  Seward's  statement  that  the 
*  Verses  to  a  Lady,  on  receiving  from  her 
a  Sprig  of  Myrtle,' 

"  were  addressed  to  Lucy  Porter,  when   he  was 
enamoured  of  her  in  his  boyish  days,  two  or  three 


*  Writing  to  Boswell  on  25  March,  1785,  Miss 
Seward  said  :— "  I  regret  that  it  is  not  in  my  power 
to  collect  more  anecdotes  of  Dr.  Johnson's  infancy. 
My  mother  passed  her  days  of  girlhood  with  an 
uncle  at  Warwick,  consequently  was  absent  from 
home  in  the  schoolboy  days  of  the  great  man." 
The  uncle  was  no  doubt  the  Rev.  Thomas  Norton. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


205 


years  before  he  had  seen  her  mother,  his  future  wife. 
He  wrote  them  at  my  grandfather's,  and  gave  them 
to  Lucy  in  the  presence  of  my  mother,  to  whom  he 
showed  them  on  the  instant." 

Mr.  Hector  not  only  stated  that  the 
verses  in  question  were  written  in  1731  to 
oblige  a  friend  of  his  own,  to  whom  a 
lady  had  presented  a  sprig  of  myrtle,  but 
added  : — 

"  I  most  solemnly  declare,  at  that  time,  Johnson 
was  an  entire  stranger  to  the  Porter  family ;  and  it 
was  almost  two  years  after  that  I  introduced  him 
to  the  acquaintance  of  Porter,  whom  I  bought  my 
clothes  ot?' 

Against  this  Mr.  White  urged  : — 

"  To  the  house  and  table  of  his  intelligent  and 
worthy  master,  young  Johnson  had  ever  familiar 
access,  and  was,  consequently,  well  known  to 
Mrs.  Hunter,  a  daughter  of  the  Porters,  during 
those  seven  years  which  preceded  the  time  from 
which  Mr.  Hector  dates  Dr.  Johnson's  first  know- 
ledge of  the  Porter  family.  During  those  preceding 
seven  years  Mrs.  Hunter's  niece,  Lucy  Porter, 
visited  her  aunt  at  Lichfield,  and  became  the  object 
of  Dr.  Johnson's  schoolboy  love." 

This  sounds  most  reasonable,  and  I  am 
inclined  to  believe  it,  without  doubting  the 
truth  of  Mr.  Hector's  statements.  Johnson 
may  have  met  Harry  Porter's  sister,  as  well 
as  his  little  girl,  some  years  before  at  Lich- 
field, and  yet  have  remained  "  an  entire 
stranger  "  to  him  and  his  wife,  who  lived  in 
Birmingham.  But  this  biings  me  no  nearer 
to  believing  Miss  Seward's  tale  as  to  the 
verses,  the  evidence  against  which  seems 
conclusive. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Seward,  mother  of  Anna, 
and  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Hunter, 
died  in  July,  1780,  aged  sixty-six,  so  that  in 
1731  she  would  be  about  seventeen.  But 
Anna  Seward  always  dated  Johnson's 
attachment  to  Lucy  Porter  as  an  incident 
of  his  "boyish  days,"  or  "schooldays," 
when  both  Elizabeth  Hunter  and  Lucy  were 
children  of  about  ten  or  less.  Mr.  White, 
in  his  letter,  says  that  Lucy  Porter  was 
four  years  younger  than  Johnson  ;  but  aa 
she  was  baptized  on  8  Nov.,  1715,  and  died 
13  Jan.,  1786,  aged  seventy,  we  may  assume 
that  she  was  about  six  years  his  junior, 
which  does  not  make  Miss  Seward's  tale 
more  credible. 

The  following  were  Mr.  Hector's  actual 
words  of  explanation  as  to  the  verses  : — 

"  The  true  history  (which  I  could  swear  to)  is  aa 
follows:— Mr.  Morgan  Graves,  the  elder  brother 
of  a  worthy  Clergyman  near  Bath,  with  whom  I  was 
acquainted,  waited  upon  a  lady  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, who  at  parting  presented  him  the  branch. 
He  showed  it  me,  and  wished  much  to  return  the 
compliment  in  verse.  I  applied  to  Johnson,  who 
was  with  me,  and  in  about  half  an  hour  dictated 
the  verses  which  I  sent  to  my  friend." 


Morgan  Graves,  I  find,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Richard  Graves,  of  Mlckleton,  co. 
Gloucester,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Morgan.  Richard  Graves  (1677-1729),  who 
was  an  antiquary  €>f  some  distinction,  had 
anticipated  Dr.  Johnson  by  leaving  Pem- 
broke College  without  a  degree.  Morgan 
Graves  matriculated  on  10  May,  1727,  aged 
eighteen,  at  University  College,  Oxford. 
In  1735  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Inner 
Temple,  and  became  a  bencher  in  1766. 
He  succeeded  his  father  at  Mickleton,  and 
died  on  27  Dec.,  1770.  The  lady  in  the 
Birmingham  neighbourhood  who  presented 
him  with  the  myrtle  branch  does  not  appear 
to  have  captured  his  affections,  for  he 
married  Anne,  daughter  of  James  Walwyn,. 
M.P.,  of  Longworth,  co.  Hereford.  This, 
lady  died  on  11  July,  1791,  "at  her  house  in 
Worcester,  in  an  advanced  age,"  and  leaving 
issue.  The  "  worthy  Clergyman  near  Bath  " 
was  the  Rev.  Richard  Graves  (1715-1804), 
poet  and  novelist,  who  was  a  Pembroke 
man.  It  may  be  noted  that  Mrs.  Morgan 
Graves' s  niece  Anne,  daughter  of  Richard 
Walwyn,  married  the  Rev.  Robert  Foley,. 
and  had  a  third  son,  the  Rev.  John  Foley, 
who  in  1804  married  Martha,  youngest 
daughter  of  Edward  Hickman,  J.P.,  of 
Oldswinford,  son  of  Gregory  Hickman,  whose 
Johnsonian  connexions  are  fully  treated  o£ 
in  my  book.*  ALEYN  LYELL  READE. 

Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 

(To  be  continued.) 


TURSTIN    DE    WIGMORE  :      TlJRSTIN    FLAN- 

DRENSIS. — In  the  new  '  Victoria  History  of 
Shropshire '  it  is  affirmed  of  Turstin  d& 
Wigmore  (p.  288)  that 

his  tenure  in  Wigmore  is  unnoticed  in  Domesday,, 
at  the  date  of  which  Earl  William's  castle  there- 
was  (like  Cleobury)  in  the  hands  of  Ralph  de= 
Mortimer." 

This  is  verbally  correct,  but  his  previous 
tenure  of  Wigmore  is  as  fully  declared  in 
Domesday  as  his  tenure  before  Domesday 
of  Cleobury,  e.g.  from  Domesday  : — 

"  The  land  of  Ralph  de  Mortimer  in  the  Hundred 
of  Hezibree. — Ralph  de  Mortimer  holds  the  Castle. 
of  Wigmore In  Hesitree  Hundred  Ralph  Mor- 
timer holds  Duntune  (Downton) This  land  was. 

given  by  Earl  William  to  Turstin  Flaridrensis." 
"  This  land  "  refers  to  both  Downton  and 
Wigmore,    and    the    two    statements    come 
together. 


*  The  particulars  of  Morgan  Graves  arid  his  wife 
are  derived  from  the  'D.N.B.';  Foster's  'Alumni 
Oxonienses ' ;  Nash's  *  Worcestershire,'  vol.  i.  p.  198 ;. 
Gent.  Mag.,  1771,  p.  47,  and  1791,  p.  684;  and 
Burke's  '  Commoners,'  vol.  iii.  p.  681. 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       po  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im 


I  am  aware  that  Mr.  Eyton  found  it  diffi- 
cult to  identify  Turstin  Flandrensis  with 
Turstin  de  Wigmore,  but  the  following 
quotations  are  sufficient  proof  of  the  fact. 

From  Domesday  (Herefordshire)  : — 

"The  lands  held  by  Alured  de  Merleberge.— The 
same  Alured  holds  Cuure  (Cowarne).  Agnes,  the 
wife  of  Turstiu  de  Wigmore,  holds  this  manor." 

From  '  Historia  et  Cartularium  Monasterii 
GloucestriEe,'  DCXXL,  vol.  ii.  :— 

"Know  all  men  present  and  to  come  that  I, 
Eustace,  son  of  Turstin  the  Fleming,  at  the  request 
of  my  mother  Agnes,  have  given  to  St.  Peter  and 
the  brothers  of  Gloucester  a  hide  of  land  in  Pen- 
combe,  which  is  called  Suthenhalle The  wit- 
nesses of  this  thing  are  Turstin  the  Fleming,  my 
brother ;  William,  a  priest  of  the  said  town,5'1  &c. 

DCXXV.,  vol.  ii.  p.  122  :— 

"Know  all  men  present  and  to  come  that  I, 

Eustace  de  Wytteneye,  knight,  have  given to 

the  monks  and  lord  Reginald,  Abbot  of  St.  Peter's 
at  Gloucester,  a  hide  of  land  which  is  called 
Suthenhalle  in  the  parish  of  Pencombe,  which  my 
ancestors  heretofore  gave  to  the  said  holy  men,"  &c. 

As  Pencombe  formed  a  portion  of  the  pos- 
sessions of  Agnes,  wife  of  Turstin  de  Wig- 
more,  she  was  the  Agnes,  mother  of  Eustace. 
The  first  deed  must  have  been  made  soon 
after  the  Conquest,  at  least  as  early  as 
1100;  the  second  deed  in  the  time  of  the 
Abbot  Reginald  de  Hamme,  who  did  not 
become  abbot  till  1263,  at  least  175  years 
later.  Probably  the  second  deed  was 
rendered  necessary  by  the  passing  of  the 
Statute  of  Mortmain  1279. 

JAS.   WIGMORE. 

BEN  JONSON  AND  BODENHAM. — There  is 
a  belief,  which  amounts  almost  to  a  certainty, 
that  Ben  Jonson's  '  The  Case  is  Altered  '  is 
an  early  play,  and  the  drama  referred  to 
by  Thomas  Nashe  in  his  '  Lenten  Stuffe,' 
1599.  Now  Bodenham's  '  Belvedere  '  actu- 
ally quotes  from  the  play,  thus  proving 
that  '  The  Case  is  Altered  '  was  in  existence 
as  early  as  1600,  and  in  its  present  form. 
Jonson  ignored  '  The  Case  is  Altered  '  when 
he  collected  his  plays  for  publication  ;  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  present  play 
was  never  revised  by  him,  the  oaths  in  it 
being  the  same  as  those  used  in  the  early 
versions  of  '  Every  Man  .in  his  Humour  '  and 
*  E.  M.  out,'  which  Jonson  either  entirely 
omitted  in  the  folio  plays  or  altered  so  as 
to  escape  penalties. 

The  quotations  in  Bodenham  are  of  such 
a  nature  as  to  be  almost  certainly  overlooked 
by  any  one  not  intimately  conversant  with 
Jonson's  work,  and  this  fact,  perhaps, 
accounts  for  their  having  been  missed  up  to 
now.  C.  CRAWFORD. 


"  POPE'S  HEAD  TAVERN." — Cunnigham 
('  Handbook  of  London,'  1849,  p.  668)  gives 
as  the  first  mention  of  this  tavern  a  passage 
quoted  in  Herbert's  '  Livery  Companies,' 
ii.  197,  to  the  effect  that  in  the  fourth  year 
of  Edward  IV.  (1464)  a  wager  was  made 
between  an  Alicant  and  an  English  gold- 
smith, in  the  tavern  called  "  The  Pope's 
Head  "  in  Lombard  Street,  that  "  the  Eng- 
lishmen were  not  so  cunning  in  workman- 
ship of  goldsmithry  as  Alicant  strangers." 
It  would  be  desirable  to  trace  this  passage 
before  its  use  by  Herbert ;  but  even  if 
authenticated,  I  suggest  the  following  is 
more  acceptable  : — 

^  "Twelve  deeds  relating  to  the  sale,  &c.,  from 
Sir  Henry  Owen  to  George  Monoux,  of  six  tene- 
ments :  four  in  Lombard  Street,  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Mary  Wolnoth,  and  two  in  King  Street,  Corn- 
hill,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Michael,  Cornhlll;  also  of 
'  The  Pope's  Head  Tavern '  in  Lombard  Street,  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Mary,  Wolnoth,  which  formerly 
belonged  to  Michael  de  la  Pole,  Earl  of  Suffolk. 
These  documents  are  dated  from  6  Edw.  IV. 
(1467)  to  the  10  of  Hen.  VIII.  (1519)." 

The  above  is  taken  from  a  description 
of  a  parcel  of  deeds  relating  to  Sir  George 
Monoux  occurring  for  sale  at  Messrs. 
Puttick's,  4  Dec.,  1851. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

"  BAAL-FIRES  "  NEAR  BELPER. — Nearly 
sixty  years  ago  I  saw  on  Midsummer  night 
a  big  bonfire  blazing  on  the  highest  point 
of  "  The  Chevin,"  a  mile  from  the  right  bank 
of  the  Derwent,  between  Belper  and  Milford. 
The  folks  called  it  "  Belfire,"  and  my  parents 
told  me  that  it  was  a  relic  of  Baal-fires, 
which  were  lighted  on  Derbyshire  hills  in 
olden  times.  About  the  fire  there  were 
boys  and  men  from  the  villages  and  farms 
near.  There  was  a  good  bit  of  horse-play, 
and  drinkings  from  brown  jugs  were  fre- 
quent ;  but  there  was  no  dancing  proper, 
though  a  good  deal  of  hopping,  skipping, 
and  jumping  was  going  on.  My  mother 
said  she  had  seen  those  fires  from  her  home 
on  the  hill  on  the  other  side  of  the  Derwent 
from  the  time  she  was  a  little  girl :  she  was 
born  in  1798.  Her  father,  then  a  middle- 
aged  man,  remembered  when  there  were 
regular  dancings  around  fires  on  the  same 
spot  on  "  The  Chevin "  on  Midsummer's 
night.  One  part  of  "  The  Chevin  "  ridge  is 
called  "  Firestone." 

As  certain  as  the  end  of  June  and  the 
beginning  of  July  came,  we  youngsters 
(some  of  us  were  indeed  "wee")  made 
little  fires  for  days  together,  composed  of 
dry  keks  and  grass  with  sticks  and  twigs, 
and,  joining  hands  in  a  ring,  danced  round 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 1903.J      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


207 


the  fires  whooping  and  yelling,  the  climax 
being  the  pulling,  by  one  half  of  the  ring, 
of  the  other  half  through  the  fire.  Then 
we  all  joined  in  kicking  out  the  fire,  scatter- 
ing the  remains  in  all  directions.  Who 
taught  us  this  I  do  not  know.  I  only  know 
that  we  did  it  as  a  part  of  our  play. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

NETMAKER'S  CIRCULAR. — I  have  recently 
come  across  a  curious  trade  circular  of,  I 
think,  eighteenth-century  date.  It  refers 
to  "  George  Feme,  netmaker  and  seedsman 
at  the  Raven  opposite  Water-Lane,  Fleet 
Street,  London,"  who 

"Serves  Merchants,  Captains  of  Ships,  &c.,  with 
all  sorts  of  Nets,  Lines,  Twines  ana  Seeds,  for 
exportation :  viz.,  Sein-net,  Trawl,  Turtle-net, 
Drag-net,  Fransel-net,  Salmon-net,  Casting-net, 
Partridge-net,  Quail-net,  Lark-net,  Day-net,  Tunnel- 
net,  Hay-net,  Bow-net,  Toil  for  deer,  Fence  netting 
for  sheep." 

Mr.  Feme  also  advertises  "  Horse-nets  of 
all  sorts,  made  of  the  best  silk,  or  thread 
twist,"  and 

"  Musketo-nets  for  beds;  lines  and  twines  for 
making  or  mending  of  nets ;  with  many  other 
sorts.  Likewise  all  sorts  of  garden  and  grass  seeds, 
flower-roots,  evergreens,  forest  trees,  and  flowering 
shrubs,  at  the  most  reasonable  rates." 
Probably  the  early  London  Directories 
would  settle  the  date  of  the  above.  P.  M. 

ELECTRICITY  IN  AGRICULTURE.  —  From 
time  to  time  I  have  been  allowed  to  chronicle 
in  these  pages  various  gradual  changes 
which  have  been  made  in  rural  life.  For 
instance,  at  7  S.  xi.  422  I  described  the 
substitution  of  a  permanent  scaffolding 
for  the  old  single  hop-poles. 

We  are  now  threatened  with  a  far  worse 
innovation.  I  have  not  seen  it,  but  it  is 
graphically  set  forth  in  The  Times,  15  July, 
from  which  I  give  these  short  quotations  : — 

'"Electricity  in  Agriculture.' The  method  is 

to  stretch  over  the  field  a  number  of  wires  on  poles, 
something  like  low  telegraph  wires,  but  high  enough 
for  loaded  wagons  to  go  underneath.  The  wires 
are  quite  thin  and  are  supported  by  posts  in  long 
parallel  spans,  about  30  ft.  apart,  and  extend  over 
all  the  acreage.  The  system  is  connected  with  a 

generator and  the  charge  fizzes  off  from  the 

wires  with  a  sound  which  is  sometimes  audible,  and 
with  a  glow  which  is  visible  in  the  dark.  Any  one 
walking  about  below  can  feel  the  effect  on  the  hair 
of  the  head " 

The  yield  of  wheat  is  said  to  be  increased 
40  per  cent.  It  has  been  done  in  Warwick- 
shire. What  becomes  of  "  the  simple  life," 
"  out-of-door  life,"  and  "  back  to  the  land  " 


after  this  ! 


W.  C.  B. 


[See  also  7  S.  ii.  266 ;  8  S.  ii.  264 ;  viii.  485.] 


NESTORIAN  TABLET  IN  SI-NGAN  Foo. — 
This  marble  tablet,  said  to  have  been  dis- 
overed  by  the  Jesuits  in  1625,  and 
recording  the  establishment  of  the  Christian 
religion  in  China  during  the  T'ang  dynasty 
in  the  seventh  and  eighth  centuries,  is 
described  in  Alexander  Wylie's  '  Chinese 
Researches '  (Shanghai,  1897).  He  defends 
ts  genuineness  against  Prof.  Salisbury  of 
Yale  College,  who  declared  it  to  be  a 
forgery.  If  we  are  to  believe  an  American 
paper  of  4  June,  1908,  the  tablet  has 
•ecently  been  brought  to  Boston,  U.S.A., 
:>y  a  British  ship,  and  the  local  museum 
authorities  are  endeavouring  to  buy  it  from 
Dount  von  Holm,  a  Danish  gentleman, 
:>he  present  owner.  According  to  Wylie, 
some  years  ago  the  American  Oriental 
Society  passed  a  resolution 
'  that  the  American  missionaries  be  requested  to 
:ake  some  measures,  as  they  may  have  opportunity, 
n  order  that  the  monument  be  revisited,  its  present 
condition  described,  and  a  new  facsimile  of  the 
whole  inscription  taken,  by  some  competent  person, 
and  made  accessible  to  the  learned." 

Count  von  Holm,  it  now  appears,  has  given 
the  members  of  the  American  Oriental 
Society  an  opportunity  to  see  the  original 
without  leaving  their  native  country. 

L.  L.  K. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SOUTHEY    ON    A    NEWCASTLE    MlRACLE. 

But  few  people  in  these  days  trouble  them- 
selves to  read  the  letters  of  Robert  Southey, 
although  they  are,  in  by  far  the  greater 
part,  both  interesting  and  instructive.  I 
have  just  come  upon  a  tale  he  tells  which 
will  amuse  the  folk-lorists  of  the  North 
Country  who  have  not  hitherto  met  with 
it.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  how 
the  tale  arose,  and  if  there  are  other  versions 
of  it,  either  in  print  or  preserved  in  the 
minds  of  men.  There  are,  I  imagine, 
parallels  of  it  elsewhere  :  if  there  be  such, 
it  would  be  well  to  put  them  on  record  ere 
it  is  too  late. 

"  A  man  of  reprobate  character  [in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Newcastle]  was  playing  at  cards  so  late  on 
Saturday  night  that  somebody  warned  him  to  leave 
off,  because,  as  the  Irishman  says,  it  was  Sunday 
morning.  The  fellow  replied  that  he  would  sit 
there  till  the  day  of  judgment,  and  immediately  as 
he  uttered  the  words  he  passed  away.  This  is  the 
phrase  here  for  dying,  and  the  very  words  in  which 
one  of  our  maids  has  just  related  the  story.  Well, 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im 


there  the  corpse  remains,  sitting  at  the  table,  and 
the  candle  burning  before  him  unconsumed ;  they 
could  not  move  him  from  the  chair  to  bury  him, 
nor  could  they  extinguish  the  candle.  The  house 
has  been  deserted,  as  you  will  suppose,  and  there 
till  the  day  of  judgment  he  will  remain  a  sitting 
miracle.  It  is  a  very  fine  story,  and  I  should  like 
to  know  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  latter  part  of 
it."— Southey's  '  Letters/  edited  by  J.  W.  Warter, 
J806,  vol.  i.  p.  366. 

EDWABD  PEACOCK. 

ERASMUS  WILLIAMS  OF  DORSET. — I  should 
be  greatly  obliged  for  any  information  about 
Erasmus  Williams  and  the  curious  portrait 
of  him  published  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  in  which  he  is  depicted  half-length 
between  two  pillars  crowned  by  a  rainbow, 
with  the  sun  in  the  left-hand  corner,  and 
the  moon  in  the  right-hand.  At  the  side 
of  the  right-hand  pillar  are  five  groups  of 
musical  "and  other  instruments.  Above 
the  head  is  an  angel  and  trumpet.  From 
the  latter  proceeds  a  scroll  inscribed  "  Arise 
you  dead  and  com  [sic]  to  judgment."  At 
the  base  of  a  tablet  concealing  the  greater 
part  of  the  body  are  the  words  : — 

"  Of  the  line  of  Sir  John  Williams  of  Dorsetshire 
and  by  the  mother  of  the  house  of  Sir  William  a 
Barowe  in  Hamp.  He  died  A.D.  1608  March  30 
.^Etatis  suge  56." 

On  the  tablet  itself  one  reads  : — 
This  does  Erasmus  Williams  represent, 
Whome  living  all  did  love,  deade  all  lament 
His  humane  Artes  behind  his  backe  attende, 
Whereon  spare  bowers  he  wisely  chose  to  spend, 
And  from  Corinthiane  Columne  deck't  with  Artes, 
Now  to  the  Temples  Pillar  him  conuerts. 
Under  the  Rainebowes  arche  of  Promise,  where 
Of  hoped  blisse  noe  deluge  he  neede  feare. 
He  of  this  Church  did  a  firme  pillar  Hue, 
T'whome  dead  his  Wiue's  loue  doth  these  Pillars 

giue. 
Contriued  by  his  Schollar  and  his"! 

frende,  !    T>    TT      11 

Who  wisht  their  loues  and  lines  f  K  Haydock- 

had  made  one  ende.  ) 

Erasmus  Mores  encomium  sett  forth  ; 
Wee  want  a  More  to  praise  Erasmus  worth. 

Six  texts  are  placed  in  various  parts  of 
the  picture.  The  left-hand  pillar  supports 
a  globe  covered  with  tracery,  and  in  its  turn 
supporting  a  dove.  Upon  the  Corinthian 
capital  of  the  right-hand  pillar  is  an  owl 
encircled  by  clouds. 

Has  the  plate  any  connexion  with  Free- 
masonry ?  A.  M.  BROADLEY. 

The  Knapp,  Bradpole,  Bridport. 

"  FORISFACTURA." — I  have  recently  been 
transcribing  the  grant  of  the  mill  of  Silsden 
to  the  canons  of  Embsay  by  the  Countess 
of  Romille.  After  granting  the  mill  and 
all  the  corn-grinding  rights  of  Silsden  to 


the  Canons,  and  prohibiting  the  use  of  even 
a  hand-mill,  the  Countess  adds  : — 

"  Si  quis  autem  de  predicta  villa  renuerit  venire 
ad  predictum  molendinum  ego  et  heredes  mei  com- 
pellemus  eum  illud  sequi  ita  quod  si  repertus  fuerit 
veniens  ab  alio  molendino  saccus  et  bladus  erit 
canonicorum  et  equus  et  forisfactura  erit  mea  et 
heredum  meorum. 

I  am  not  at  all  sure  of  the  force  of  forisfactura, 
especially  with  the  et  in  front  of  it.  Without 
the  et,  I  take  it  that  the  horse  would  be  the 
forfeiture  ;  but  with  the  et  I  am  at  a  loss, 
to  know  what  the  forfeiture  would  be.  I 
should  be  very  much  obliged  if  corre- 
spondents could  throw  any  light  on  the 
force  of  the  word  in  this  case.  At  the  same 
time,  may  I  ask  whether  bladus  refers  to 
the  corn  in  the  sack  or  to  the  growing  corn 
in  the  field  ?  The  whole  deed  is  curious. 

W.  CLARIDGE. 

Bradford. 

"  BOUGH-POT." — At  dinner  the  other  day 
in  a  country  house  a  gentleman  mentioned 
a  "  bough-pot,"  and  nobody  but  myself 
had  ever  heard  the  word  before,  or  knew 
what  it  meant.  I  seem  to  have  known  it 
all  my  life,  as  a  bouquet,  a  nosegay  made 
up  of  mixed  flowers.  I  shall  be  glad  to  be 
enlightened  as  to  its  history.  P. 

[The  'N.E.D.'  says  that  the  original  meaning; 
was  a  pot  for  holding  boughs,  &c.,  for  ornament. 
Pepys  uses  the  word  in  this  sense  in  his  *  Diary ' 
under  13  Sept.,  1665.  The  change  of  sense  is  weU 
illustrated  by  Thackeray  in  *  Vanity  Fair  ' :  "  '  We 

have  made  her  a  bow-pot.'    '  Say  a  bouquet 'tis. 

more  genteel.' "] 

THE  LION  AND  THE  UNICORN. — What  are 
the  origin  and  meaning  of  the  well-known 
distich, 

The  lion  and  the  unicorn  fighting  for  the  crown, 

The  lion  beat  the  unicorn  all  round  the  town  ? 

I  had  always  connected  it  with  Scotland 
and  England,  and  imagined  that  James  I. 
added  the  unicorn  as  a  support  to  the  royal 
arms  to  show  that  the  fight  was  over.  A 
correspondent  writes  : — 

"  In  one  of  the  rooms  in  the  Borromeo  Palace  on 
the  Isola  Bella  in  Lago  Maggiore  are  two  large 
tapestries— say  15  ft.  by  12  ft.— apparently  of  the 
sixteenth  century  or  earlier.  The  first  represents 
a  lion  and  a  unicorn  engaged  in  combat  for  a  crown 
lying  between  them.  The  second  shows  the  lion 
chasing  the  unicorn  round  a  mediaeval  walled  town, 
drawn  quite  small  in  the  centre  of  the  tapestry, 
the  lion  and  the  unicorn  being  on  a  much  larger 
scale." 

I  have  searched  Brewer,  Brand,  Edwards, 
Hazlitt,  Halliwell,  Gomme,  &c.,  but  obtained 
no  information.  H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 

[MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY  asked  a  similar  question  at 
9  S.  x.  168,  but  received  no  reply.] 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


LONGFELLOW'S   '  PSALM  OF  LIFE.' — Wha 
is  the  meaning  of  the  third  and  fourth  lines 
of    the  first  verse  of   Longfellow's   '  Psalm 
of  Life  '  ?— 

Tell  me  not  in  mournful  numbers 
Life  is  but  an  empty  dream  ! 
For  the  soul  is  dead  that  slumbers, 
And  things  are  not  what  they  seem. 

(a)  Are  lines  3  and  4  a  continuation  of  the 
"  mournful  numbers,"  which  the  poet  is 
about  to  controvert  ?  Do  they  maintain 
that  life  is  an  empty  dream,  because  the 
soul  will  never  live  again  that  sleeps  in 
death,  and  the  beautiful  appearances  of 
this  life  are  deceptive  ?  In  this  case  the 
note  of  admiration  should  'be  omitted  after 
"  dream." 

(6)  Do  lines  3  and  4  begin  the  poet's 
rejoinder,  namely,  that  the  soul  is  as  good 
as  dead  already  which  slumbers  in  such 
empty  dreams,  and  things  in  this  world  are 
not  so  evil  as  they  seem  ? 

Or  is  there  some  third  interpretation  ? 

The  rest  of  the  poem  asserts  the  fullness 
and  reality  of  life.  M. 

WOBTLEY  FAMILY  OF  BABNSLEY. — 
Richard  Wortley  of  Barnsley  (son  of  Samuel 
Wortley)  had  five  sons,  viz.  :  Edward, 
baptized  in  1687  ;  Richard,  baptized  in 
1700,  died  in  1701  ;  Thomas,  baptized  in 
1702  ;  and,  according  to  Hunter,  Montague 
and  Francis,  who  were  apprenticed  as  cutlers 
in  Sheffield  about  1709  or  1710.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  tell  me  where  Edward  and 
Thomas  eventually  settled,  what  were  their 
occupations,  and  the  names  of  their  chil- 
dren ?  Did  Montagu  and  Francis  continue 
to  live  in  Sheffield  ?  What  were  the  names 
of  their  children  ? 

Joseph  Wortley  was  born  in  1775.  Can 
any  reader  inform  me  with  which  of  the 
above-mentioned  sons  he  was  connected  ? 

G. 

WlLBEBFOBCE      AND        HUXLEY      AT      THE 

BBITISH  ASSOCIATION. — Where  can  I  find 
a  full  report  of  the  redoubtable  encounter 
which  took  place  between  Bishop  Samuel 
Wilberforce  and  Huxley  on  the  occasion 
of  the  meeting  of  the  British  Association 
at  Oxford  ?  W.  J.  H. 

[There  is  a  picturesque  account  in  the  Rev.  W. 
Tuckwell's  '  Reminiscences  of  Oxford,'  new  edition, 
1907,  pp.  53-7.  Is  not  the  report  of  the  Association 
meeting  of  1860  extant  in  the  papers  of  the  day  ?J 

PBOCLAMATION  AGAINST  IMMOBALITY. — 
To  a  stranger  attending  for  the  first  time 
the  opening  of  Quarter  Sessions  the  per- 
functory reading  of  a  lengthy  homily  in 


the  name  of  Edward  VII.  must  appear 
somewhat  strange,  until  he  realizes  that  it 
is  a  historic  survival.  I  shall  be  glad  to 
know  : — 

1.  Where   the   text   of   the   proclamation 
may  be  found. 

2.  Whether  it  is  used  in  other  courts. 

3.  Whether  it  is  identical  with  a  somewhat 
similar  proclamation  issued  at  His  Majesty's 
accession. 

4.  For  how  long  such  proclamations  have 
been  in  use  in  the  courts  and  on  accessions 
of  sovereigns. 

5.  When,    and    by    whom,    the    original 
formula  has  been  from  time  to  time  modified, 
and  in  what  way.  Q.  V. 

LATIN  INSCBIPTION  IN  ITALY. — I  copied 
the  following  inscription  in  Italy  (I  think 
in  or  near  Siena,  but  I  am  not  sure) : — 

Jovi  hospitali 

Sacrum 
0  quisquis  es  dummodo  honestus 

si  forte 
pessimos  fugis  propinquos 

inimicorum 
solitaries  Succedens  domo 

quiesce. 

Can  any  reader  kindly  say  where  it  comes 
from  ?  CHABLES  SWYNNEBTON. 

St.  John's,  Isle  of  Man. 

COL.  STEPKIN  AND  CAPT.  BACKHOUSE,  1648. 
— On   searching    Seighford   (Staffs)    Church 
Register,  I  came  across  the  following  entry  : 
"  1648.  Col.  Stepkin  was  shot  thro'  thole  in  Seigh 
Hall  door  into  the  Hip  by  Cap.  Backhouse.  Aug.  7, 

1648.  Bur.  Seighford,  Col.  Peter  Stepkin,  Aug.  7." 
!an  any  of  your  readers  give  information 

as  to  Stepkin  or  Backhouse  ? 

I  may  say  that   the  baptisms   of  Sarah, 
Elizabeth,    Dorothy,    Peter,    and    Thomas, 
hildren    of    Capt.    Backhouse,    are    given, 

1649,  1651,  1652,  1653,  and  1658. 

R.  SIMMS. 

FBENCH  COAT  OF  ABMS. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  recognize  the  coat  of  arms,  presum- 
ably French,  described  below  ?  The  arms 
are  embossed  on  either  side  of  an  *  Almanach 
Royal '  for  1787.  The  volume  is  hand- 
jomely  bound  in  red  morocco  by  Chambotte 
Odril.  The  back  and  corners  are  liberally 

Tnamented  with  the  fleur  de  Us  embossed 
n  gold,  presumably  with  reference  to  the 

Almanach '  being  "  Royal,"  and  not  to 
he  coat.  This  is  embossed  in  gold,  without 
any  indication  of  the  tinctures.  It  consists 
)f  a  chevron  between  two  mullets  in  chief  ; 
n  base  a  sheep  passant,  and  is  surmounted 
>y  a  coronet,  presumably  a  duke's,  save  that 
he  leaves,  placed  where  would  be  the  pearls 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 


in  the  coronet  of  a  marquis,  are  more  like 
trefoils  than  the  strawberry  leaves  of  the 
centre  and  corners. 

The  *  Almanach  '  contains  the  names  of 
sixty  dukes  of  the  day,  not  including  royal 
dukes,  or  "  Brevet  "  dukes,  of  whom  there 
are  twenty-five  on  the  list  ;  but  I  have  not 
been  able,  even  with  the  assistance  of  De 
Genouillac's  '  French  Heraldry,'  to  identify 
these  arms.  J.  H.  RIVETT-CABNAC. 

Schloss  Rothberg,  Switzerland. 

1  EPITAPH  IN  OWEN  MSS.  —  On  p.  40  of 
MS.  20  in  the  Manchester  Free  Reference 
Library  is  a  copy  of  an  inscription  on  a 
tombstone  in  Weaverham  Churchyard  :  — 

Here  lyeth  the 
Body  of  Richa 
rd  Osely  son  of 
Vicker  Osely 
Deceseed  the 
2nd  of  Decem 
ber  A.D.  1639 


*  EKV/MVOCAT 

ETASAN&ELV 


0   KDESf)  I1C 

SoPH/ASfSfNC 
TVS-  V/SERIS 

/LLYM 

How  are  the  gaps  to  be  filled  in  ?  I  have 
examined  the  stone,  which  is  less  legible 
than  it  was  when  Owen  examined  it  years 
ago.  F.  LONG. 

CHABLES  PABNELL  :    WAS  HE  OF  JEWISH 
DESCENT?  —  I  am   constrained    to    ask  thii 
question  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  because  a  contribute: 
to   these   columns   (7    S.    xii.    433)   tells   u 
that  Parnell's  mother  declared  :     "  My  son 
is   descended  from  the  line   of   a   tribe   o 
Judah,  from  Jews  who  took  refuge  in  Spain 
I   doubt   it   very  much,    although   nothing 
would  please  me  more  than  to  have  it  con 


rmed.  It  would  add  to  the  chain  of  cir- 
umstantial  evidence  whereby  I  sought  in 
hese  columns  to  establish  the  Hebraic 
onsanguinity  of  the  immortal  Elia. 

M.  L.  R.  BBESLAB. 
Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

[MR.  A.  R.  MADDISON  stated  at  7  S.  xi.  152  that 
5.  S.  Parnell  was  descended  from  Edward  I.  through 
everal  channels.] 

ROBEBT  HEACOCK  OB  HICCOCKS  or 
DHESTEB. — Robert  Heacock  or  Hiccocks  of 
l.aneshorn  (?)  in  the  parish  of  Woodchurch, 
;o.  Chester,  born  1625,  niarried  secondly 

lizabeth,  dau.  of  Elias  Foster  of  Newchurch, 
gent.,  and  relict  of  William  Gamull,  of  Crab- 
lall,  gent.,  in  the  same  county,  by  whom  he 
lad  issue  George  Hicocke  and  Mary  Hicocke. 

Can  any  correspondent  of  '  N".  &  Q.'  tell 
lie  the  name  of  his  first  wife  ?  By  her 
had  issue  (1)  Thomas,  baptized  10  Aug., 
1649  ;  (2)  Richard,  baptized  30  Sept.,  1651  ; 
and  (3)  Elizabeth,  baptized  21  Jan.,  1654. 
He  died  14  Dec.,  1690,  and  was  interred  in 
Woodchurch.  WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  co.  Down. 

"  FLASH  or  LIGHTNING,"  A  LIQUOR. — 
In  TJie  Sporting  Magazine  for  1801  (vol.  xvii. 
p.  34)  "  that  fashionable  liquor  called  '  flashes 

lightning '  "  is  mentioned.  If  the  meaning 
of  the  phrase  has  come  down  to  our  day, 
I  should  be  grateful  if  some  one  would 
interpret  it.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

["Flash  of  lightning"  is  defined  in  Farmer  and 
Henley's  '  Slang  and  its  Analogues,'  vol.  iii.,  as  a 
glass  of  gin,  a  dram  of  neat  spirit.  The  earliest 
reference  is  1789.  Among  the  illustrative  quotations 
is  the  following  from  Lytton's  '  Paul  Clifford ' 
(1830):  "  The  thunders  of  eloquence  being  hushed, 
flashes  of  lightning,  or,  as  the  vulgar  say,  '  glasses 
of  gin,'  gleamed  about."] 

CHESTEBTON  AND  HANLEY,  STAFFS. — 
Can  any  of  your  readers  oblige  me  with 
information  relative  to  the  manors  of  Ches- 
terton and  Hanley,  Staffs,  with  list  of 
owners,  &c.  ?  R.  SIMMS. 

Newcastle-under-Lyme. 

GLENDONWYN  OF  GLENDONWYN. — Can 
any  of  your  readers  oblige  me  with  accounts 
of  the  origin  and  history  (further  than  that 
given  in  the  Douglas  '  Baronage  ')  of  the 
above  once  great  race  in  Southern  Scotland  ? 
G.  T.  CLINDENING. 

Sixth  Avenue,  East  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

KINGSLEY'S  '  LOBBAINE,  LOBBAINE.  LOB- 
BEE.' —  Whence  did  Charles  Kingsley  get 
the  idea  of  this  poem  ?  What  is  the  meaning 
of  the  title,  and  also  the  refrain,  "  Barum, 
Barum,  Baree  "  ?  H.  C.  L.  M. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


LONDON  STATUES  AND  MEMORIALS. 
(10  S.  ix.  1,  102,  282,  363,  481  ;  x.  122.) 

ALL  those  who  take  an  interest  in  matters 
relating  to  London  will  rejoice  at  the 
efforts  made  by  MB.  PAGE  to  supply  ma- 
terials for  a  complete  list  of  its  statues 
and  memorials,  and  a  very  good  start  he 
has  made.  It  is,  of  course,  open  to  both 
additions  and  amendments,  but  so  paijis- 
taking  have  been  his  notes  that  very  few 
will  require  to  be  commented  on. 

23.  Statue  of  Queen  Anne,  opposite  the 
west  front  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. — The 
replica  of  Francis  Bird's  original  statue  is 
the  work  of  Richard  Belt,  a  Westminster 
man,  and  a  very  good  piece  of  work  it  is 
reckoned.  In  St.  Margaret's  Church,  West- 
minster, there  is  a  bust  of  Canon  Conway, 
and  in  the  church  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist 
a  monumental  tablet,  having  a  low  relief 
portrait,  to  the  memory  of  Archdeacon 
Jennings,  both  being  from  the  studio  of 
this  then  promising  young  sculptor,  who, 
however,  soon  afterwards  fell  under  a  cloud. 

30.  Temple  Bar  Memorial,  Fleet  Street. — 
It  may  be  well  to  note  that  on  the  sides 
of  the  pedestal  are  statues  of  the  late 
Queen,  and  of  the  present  King  when  Prince 
of  Wales. 

57.  Statue  of  Prince  Albert,  Horticultural 
Gardens,  South  Kensington. — Now  that  the 
Horticultural  Gardens  have  been  done 
away  with,  this  statue  looks  entirely  out  of 
place,  and  a  more  fitting  locality  should  be 
found  for  it,  for  as  a  work  of  art  it  always 
seemed  to  take  a  higher  place  among  the 
statues  of  London  than  a  great  many  of 
them  are  considered  to  deserve. 

69.  Statue  of  the  Duke  of  Kent,  Portland 
Place. — There  is  some  talk  of  this  statue 
being  removed  elsewhere,  by  sanction  of 
His  Majesty,  as  the  site  is  the  one  selected 
as  suitable  for  the  national  memorial  to 
Shakspeare,  should  it  take  the  form  of  a 
statue  with  architectural  adjuncts ;  but 
as  yet  nothing  has  been  definitely  decided 
upon  the  subject. 

MB.  PAGE  calls  attention  to  the  article 
in  The  Sunday  Strand  for  March  on  '  Statues 
to  Famous  Ministers,'  in  which  it  is  stated 
that  Bishop  Middleton  is  the  "  only  minister 
who  has  a  statue  "  in  St.  Paul's.  This  is 
incorrect,  for  not  only  is  there  one  to  Bishop 
Heber,  as  MB.  PAGE  says  (10  S.  ix.  364), 
but  in  the  same  aisle — the  south-east — 
there  are  three  altar-tombs,  having  recum- 
bent effigies,  in  memory  of  Dean  Milman 


and  Bishops  Blomfield  and  Jackson,  and 
also  the  fine,  but  decidedly  monkish-looking 
bronze  statue  to  Bishop  Mandell  Creighton, 
the  historian  Bishop  of  London,  the  work 
of  Mr.  Hamo  Thorny  croft,  R.A.  There 
may  be  others,  but  these  I  saw  only  a  few 
weeks  ago.  If  MB.  PAGE  would  like  the 
inscription  on  Bishop  Heber' s  statue,  I  will 
send  it  to  him. 

72.  Statue  of  Queen  Anne,  Queen  Anne's 
Gate,  Westminster. — An  old  Westminster 
resident,  Mr.  William  Bardwell,  architect 
and  antiquary,  now  dead  many  years,  told 
me  that  he  always  believed  this  statue  to 
have  been  the  work  of  Francis  Bird,  but 
there  is  now  no  way  of  finding  out  the 
reasons  upon  which  his  ideas  were  based. 
As  to  its  merits  there  has  always  been  con- 
siderable diversity  of  opinion  ;  it  has  been 
much  knocked  about  and  weather-worn, 
and  frequently,  but  at  long  intervals, 
repaired.  It  would  appear  to  be  not  by 
any  means  the  worst  of  our  statues. 

74.  Crimean  Memorial,  Broad  Sanctuary, 
Westminster. — This  is  hardly  the  correct 
designation  for  this  column.  It  commemo- 
rates the  scholars  of  Westminster  School 
who  perished  "  in  the  Crimea  and  India, 
1855-1859,"  as  the  inscription  on  the  north 
front  sets  forth. 

77a.  Statue  of  George  Canning. — With 
reference  to  this  statue,  I  rather  fancy  that 
it  never  stood  in  Palace  Yard.  Before 
Parliament  Square  was  made  to  look  decent 
and  laid  out  in  its  present  form,  the  statue 
stood,  I  remember,  in  St.  Margaret's  Street, 
just  about  where  the  pathway  now  crosses 
the  square,  facing  Palace  Yard. 

776.  Statue  of  Sir  Robert  Peel.— I  shall 
be  glad  if  MB.  PAGE  will  kindly  state  where- 
abouts "  near  the  Abbey  "  this  statue  was 
first  put  up. 

77c.  Statue  of  Lord  Palmerston. — This 
statue  was  first  erected  between  the  gates 
at  the  angle  of  Palace  Yard  facing  Parlia- 
ment Street,  where  it  was  placed  on  a  very 
low  pedestal,  for  a  short  time  before  being 
removed  to  its  present  position. 

8  la.  Statue  of  Isambard  K.  Brunei. — 
With  reference  to  the  date  of  its  erection, 
given  as  "  a  few  years  "  after  1859,  I  think, 
although  I  cannot  vouch  that  I  am  right, 
that  this  statue  was  not  placed  here  until 
the  District  Railway  had  been  opened  some 
time,  which,  it  seems  to  me,  did  not  take 
place  until  nearly  ten  years  afterwards. 

816.  Statue  of  John  Stuart  Mill.— With 
reference  to  this  statue,  I  strongly  incline 
to  the  opinion  that  it  was  not  erected  in 
bis  lifetime,  as  the  dates  given  imply. 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        uo  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im 


shall  be  glad  of  correction  if  I  am  in 
error. 

82c.  Prof.  Fawcett  Memorial,  Victoria 
Embankment. — The  medallion  to  the  blind 
statesman  forms  a  portion  of  a  drinking 
fountain,  which  always  when  I  have  seen 
it  has  been  conspicuously  devoid  of  water. 

83.  Cleopatra's  Needle,  Victoria  Embank- 
ment.— It  was  first  of  all  intended  to  erect 
this  monolith  in  the  centre  of  the  pathway 
across  Parliament  Square  and  to  carry  the 
pathway  round  it.  This  was,  however, 
found  to  be  an  unsuitable  place,  mainly  on 
account  of  the  great  weight  of  the  Needle, 
as  the  District  Railway  passes  almost  imme- 
diately below.  A  model  was  put  up  to 
enable  the  effect  to  be  seen,  but  it  was 
speedily  removed  and  the  idea  abandoned. 

87.  Crosby  Obelisk,  Blackfriars  Road. — 
This  obelisk  has  been  removed,  and  re- 
erected  within  the  railings  of  Bethlehem 
Hospital,  facing  St.  George's  Cathedral, 
A  clock  tower,  erected  at  the  cost  of  Messrs. 
Faulkner  of  Blackfriars  Road,  now  occupies 
the  original  position,  and  was  inaugurated 
by  the  Lord  Mayor  on  15  July,  1907. 

92.  Statue  of  Henry  Fawcett,  Vauxhall 
Park. — This  terra-cotta  memorial  gives  an 
excellent  idea  of  the  brilliant  M.P.,  but  the 
winged  figure  seems  to  be  out  of  place 
in  such  a  work,  so  far  as  twentieth-century 
ideas  go. 

In  addition  to  the  list  of  sites  for  proposed 
statues  mentioned  by  MB.  PAGE,  one  at 
the  corner  of  Horse  Guards  Avenue  and 
Whitehall  has  been  offered  by  the  West- 
minster City  Council  to  the  Committee 
(subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Office  of 
Works)  for  the  erection  of  a  memorial  to 
the  late  Duke  of  Devonshire.  Before  long 
we  are  promised  a  statue  to  Cardinal 
Manning,  to  be  placed  near  Westminster 
Cathedral. 

I  have  a  few  additions  to  make  to  MR. 
PAGE'S  list. 

George  Frederick  Watts,  R.A.  —  In  the 
little  red-roofed  cloister  in  the  Postmen's 
Park,  by  the  church  of  St.  Botolph,  Alders- 
gate — that  simple  shrine  of  noble  deeds 
performed  by  persons  in  lowly  life — there 
is,  beneath  the  noble  inscription,  "  The 
utmost  for  the  highest,"  a  statue  of  "a 
bearded  man  with  lofty  brow,  grave  and 
long  robed,"  the  veteran  artist  in  his  habit 
as  he  lived.  Below  is  the  simple  dedicatory 
inscription  :  "In  memoriam  George  Frede- 
rick Watts,  who,  desiring  to  honour  heroic 
self-sacrifice,  placed  these  records  here." 
Throughout  the  whole  of  London  there  is 
no  better  memorial  than  this. 


Sir  James  Duke,  Bart.,  M. P.— Affixed  to 
the  railings  of  the  church  of  St.  Dunstan-in- 
the-West,  Fleet  Street,  is  a  drinking  foun- 
tain, the  inscription  on  which  reads  as 
follows  :  "  The  gift  of  Sir  James  Duke, 
Bart.,  M.P.,  Alderman  of  this  Ward.  I860." 
Around  the  edge  of  the  basin  is  inscribed 
"  The  fear  of  God  is  a  Fountain  of  Life." 
This  little  marble  fountain  is  a  memorial 
both  of  and  to  the  donor,  in  so  far  as  it 
emphasizes  his  connexion  with  the  ward 
of  the  City  in  which  it  is  situated. 

Sir  Augustus  Harris. — Attached  to  the 
walls  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  by  the  side 
of  the  principal  entrance  in  Catherine  Street, 
is  an  elaborate  drinking  fountain,  in  marble, 
stone,  and  bronze,  to  the  memory  of  this 
well-known  public  man,  the  lessee  of  the 
theatre  and  sometime  Sheriff  of  London. 
There  is  a  bronze  bust,  which  is  an  excellent 
likeness.  It  is  inscribed  :  "  Augustus  Harris. 
Erected  by  public  subscription."  Sir 
Augustus  died  22  June,  1896,  and  the 
memorial  was  unveiled  by  the  then  Lord 
Mayor  (Sir  G.  Faudel-Phillips)  on  1  Nov., 
1897. —  Vide  'Era  Almanack.' 

The  Wrestlers. — At  the  east  end  of  the 
gardens  of  the  Victoria  Embankment,  by 
the  Temple  Station,  are  two  exquisitely 
modelled  figures  inscribed  as  above,  with 
the  addition  of  "  Herculaneum "  and  the 
statement  that  they  were  given  by  A.  F. 
Buxton,  L.C.C. 

Lady  Henry  Somerset. — A  few  yards  off 
is  a  drinking  fountain  in  rockwork  with  a 
bronze  figure  of  a  child  bearing  aloft  a 
shallow  basin.  The  inscription  reads  : — 

"  From  children  |  of  the  Loyal  Temperance  Legion 

I  in  memory  of  work  done  |  for  the    Temperance 

Cause  by  |  Lady  Henry  Somerset,  |  President  of  the 

National  Temperance   Association,  I  Incorporated 

|  June,  1896." 

Sir  J.  Bazalgette,  C.E.— Affixed  to  one 
of  the  massive  granite  piers  of  the  Embank- 
ment itself,  facing  Northumberland  Avenue, 
is  an  important  memorial  in  stone  and 
bronze  to  the  above-named  gentleman. 
At  the  top  are  his  armorial  bearings  ;  and 
below  the  motto,  "  Flumini  Vincula  Posuit." 
Beneath  a  full-face  bust  in  bronze  is  a  scroll 
with  this  inscription  : — 

"  Sir  Joseph  Bazalgette,  C.E.  |  Engineer  of  the 
London  Main  Drainage  System,  I  and  of  this  Em- 
bankment, j  Born  1819.  Died  1889." 

Queen  Victoria. — Upon  the  Albert  Em- 
bankment, facing  the  office  and  pottery  of 
Messrs.  Doulton  &  Co.,  is  a  statue  of  her 
late  Majesty,  which  with  the  pedestal  is  in 
terra-cotta.  The  figure  is  well  modelled, 
and  represents  her  either  at  the  time  when 


10  s.  x  SEPT.  12, 1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


213 


she  ascended  the  throne  or  shortly  after- 
wards. It  is  the  work  of  Mr.  Broad,  pre- 
sumably one  of  the  artists  employed  by 
Messrs.  Doulton,  the  statue  being  the  gift 
of  that  firm.  The  inscription  reads  :  "  Vic- 
toria |  R.I.  |  1837-1897.  }  She  wrought  her 
people  lasting  good." 

Royal  Marines'  Memorial. — This  artistic 
work  is  situated  in  the  Cambridge  Enclosure 
of  St.  James's  Park,  close  to  Spring  Gardens. 
It  is  a  bronze  group  of  a  soldier  of  this 
corps  protecting  a  fallen  comrade,  and  is 
the  work  of  Capt.  Adrian  Jones.  The 
inscription  is  : 

"  Erected  |  by  the   officers    and    men  |  of  the  | 
Royal  Marines  |  in  memory  of  their  |  comrades  who 
were  killed  in  action  |  or  died  of  wounds  or  disease 
in  |  South  Africa  and  China,  |  1899-1900." 

At  the  back  are  the  names  of  those  com- 
memorated ;  and  at  the  sides  two  plaques 
give  two  of  the  actions. 

Sir  J.  E.  Millais,  Bart.,  P.R.A.— In  the 
grounds  of  the  National  Gallery  of  British 
Art  (popularly  known  as  the  Tate  Gallery), 
at  the  right  of  the  entrance,  is  a  bronze 
statue  of  the  distinguished  painter,  the 
work  of  Mr.  Thomas  Brock,  R.A.  It  was 
exposed  to  view  on  some  date  between 
July  and  November,  1905,  but  there  was 
no  public  ceremony  of  any  kind. 

Sir  Sydney  Hedley  Waterlow,  Bart. — In 
the  centre  of  the  grass  plat  in  front  of  the 
Westminster  City  Schools,  Palace  Street, 
leading  from  Victoria  Street  to  Buckingham 
Palace  Road,  is  a  statue  to  this  gentleman, 
the  gift  of  Lady  Waterlow.  The  inscription 
reads  :  "  Sir  |  Sydney  Hedley  Waterlow,  | 
Baronet,  j  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Gover- 
nors, |  1873-1906."  The  memorial,  the  work 
of  Mr.  F.  M.  Taubman  (who  was  also  the 
sculptor  of  the  statue  in  Waterlow  Park), 
was  unveiled  by  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Arthur 
Hunt,  Deputy  Chairman  of  the  Governors, 
on  27  June,  1901,  in  the  presence  of  the  then 
Lord  Mayor,  Mr.  Alderman  Frank  Green. 
The  date  1906  was  added  after  Sir  Sydney's 
death. 

Cardinal  Newman. — In  the  grounds  of 
the  Oratory,  and  close  to  the  residences  of 
the  brothers,  facing  the  Cromwell  Road, 
is  a  statue  to  this  widely  loved  man.  It  was 
erected  by  general  subscription  in  1896. 
The  design  is  by  Messrs.  Bodley  and  Garner, 
and  was  carried  out  by  Messrs.  Farmer  & 
Brindley  of  Westminster  Bridge  Road. 
The  figure  of  the  Cardinal  in  his  robes  is  in 
Campanella  marble  ;  the  remainder  is  in 
Portland  stone,  and  is  surmounted  by  a 
small  statue  of  the  Madonna  of  San  Sisto, 
in  the  same  material.  The  inscription  is 


simply  :    "  John  Henry  |  Cardinal  Newman, 
|  1801-1890." 

Like  MB.  PAGE,  I  hope  that  all  who  can 
assist  will  do  their  best  to  promote  the 
completion  of  the  list  of  memorials  in  Lon- 
don. Of  those  further  afield  I  say  nothing 
at  present.  W.  E.  HABLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

87.  The  obelisk  in  honour  of  Brass 
Crosby,  Lord  Mayor  in  1771,  was  removed 
from  St.  George's  Circus  in  1905,  and  placed 
in  St.  George's  Road,  near  Bethlehem  Hos- 
pital, of  which  Crosby  had  been  President. 

W.  T.  LYNN, 

Blackheath. 

MB.  PAGE,  ante,  p.  123,  inquires  whether 
the  statue  of  (?)  Alfred  the  Great  still  stands 
in  Trinity  Square,  Southwark.  As  one  of 
the  correspondents  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  the 
subject  of  the  statue  (8.  S.  viii.  85,  230), 
I  was  naturally  interested  in  MB.  PAGE 'a 
query,  and  have  therefore  paid  another 
visit  to  Trinity  Square,  and  can  assure  him 
that  the  statue  is  still  in  situ.  It  stands  on 
a  plinth  about  two  feet  from  the  ground, 
in  the  centre  of  a  square  grass  plat  of  some 
dimensions,  railed  off  from,  but  immediately 
adjacent  to,  the  churchyard  of  Holy  Trinity. 
The  figure  is  about  twelve  feet  in  height, 
and  the  face  is  that  of  a  grave-looking 
bearded  man,  bearing  a  resemblance  to  the 
conventional  portraits  of  Alfred. 

I  may  mention  that  in  the  vestibule  of 
the  Free  Library  here  at  Lewisham  there- 
is  a  bronze  medallion  of  Alfred  in  profile, 
which  shows  a  face  similar  to  that  of  the 
statue.  Alfred  the  Great  was  Lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Lewisham,  and  the  medallion  was 
placed  there  at  the  cost  of  the  Library  Com- 
missioners in  1901,  the  millennial  year  of 
Alfred's  death.  F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

4,  Nelgarde  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

The  statue  of  Robert  Aske,  about  which 
MB.  PAGE  inquires,  ante,  p.  123,  may  now 
be  seen  at  Hatcham,  in  front  of  the  modern 
Aske's  Haberdashers'  Boys'  School. 

G.    T.    PlLCHEB. 


CONSTABLES  AND  LIEUTENANTS  OF  THE: 
TOWEB  OF  LONDON  (10  S.  ix.  61,  161,. 
243,  390,  490;  x.  70,  118).— There  was  no 
Roger  de  "  Synnerton  "  (10  S.  ix.  62,  col.  2) 
Constable  of  the  Tower  in  1322.  The  name 
should  be  Roger  de  Swynnerton. 

From  the  '  Calendar  of  Close  Rolh ' 
(Record  Office,  Edward  III.,  1339-41, 
pp.  297-8)  we  learn  that  "  Edward  II. 
committed  the  custody  of  the  Tower  to 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 190?. 


Roger  de  Swynnerton  on  30  August  in  the 
15th  year"  (30  Aug.,  1321),  "and  that 
he  was  removed  from  the  custody  on  the 
16  October  in  the  17th  year "  (16  Oct., 
1323). 

It  is  a  most  interesting  thing  to  note  that 
Roger  Mortimer  of  Wigmore  escaped  from 
the  Tower  only  two  and  a  half  months  before 
Roger's  "  removal,"  namely,  on  the  night 
of  1  Aug.,  1323  (St.  Peter  ad  Vincula). 
There  must  have  been  a  commission  of 
inquiry  in  the  interim,  but  beyond  his 
"  removal "  (which,  however,  may  not 
have  had  anything  to  do  with  the  matter) 
Roger  de  Swynnerton  seems  to  have  incurred 
no  penalty.  The  fact  is  he  was  so  high  in 
favour  with  both  King  and  Queen  that  he 
was  often  engaged  on  special  service,  and 
it  is  nearly  certain  that  he  was  not  in  the 
way  when  Roger  Mortimer  made  his  historic 
escape  from  the  custody  of  his  drugged 
guards.  Swynnerton  appears  to  have  ap- 
pointed as  his  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Tower 
Stephen  de  Segrave,  and  on  him  and  on  his 
father  John  de  Segrave  the  King's  wrath 
most  certainly  fell.  They  appear  to  have 
been  imprisoned,  and  on  1  June,  1324,  they 
were  admitted  to  pardon  for  the  escape 
on  payment  of  fines,  and  on  engaging  to 
serve  in  the  King's  army  in  Aquitaine,  to 
which  duchy  John  de  Segrave,  with  his  sons 
Stephen,  Thomas,  a  priest,  and  John  the 
younger,  set  out  on  10  June,  having  the 
King's  "  Letters  of  Protection  "  (ibid.). 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

DETHICK  PEDIGREE  (10  S.  vi.  467). — 
'  The  Visitation  of  Norfolk,  1563,'  published 
by  the  Norfolk  Archaeological  Society,  1878, 
gives  (vol.  i.  pp.  237-43)  a  pedigree  of 
Dethick  in  which  it  is  recorded  that  Roger 
Dethick  of  Derby,  second  son  of  Sir  William 
Dethick,  married  and  had  seven  sons,  the 
eldest  of  whom,  Philip  Dethick  (Harl. 
MS.  4756  says  of  Wormygay,  co.  Norfolk), 
married  Joane,  dau.  of  —  —  Audby  (Audebie 
in  Le  Neve — ?  Audeley  ;  Awdley  in  Chitting 
MS.  in  possession  of  Lord  Orford),  and  had 
issue  a  son,  John  Dethick  of  Wormegay. 
To  whom  Roger  was  married  is  not  stated, 
nor  does  Blomefield's  '  Norfolk '  (vii.  505) 
or  Harl.  Soc.  xxxii.  106  throw  any  light 
on  the  subject. 

According  to  Burke  ('  Landed  Gentry,* 
1846,  p.  859),  Margaret,  third  dau.  of  (Sir) 
Ralph  Meynell,  married  Roger  Dethick ; 
and  in  Nichols's  '  History  and  Antiquities 
of  the  County  of  Leicester,'  1795,  &c. 
(ii.  531),  in  the  pedigree  of  Meignell,  this 
marriage  is  recorded,  but  Roger  is  described 


as  third  son  of  Geffrey  Dethick  of  Dethick, 
co.  Derby.  Nowhere,  however,  can  I  find 
this  parentage  confirmed. 

As  a  result  of  my  inquiry  at  the  above 
reference  I  was  most  kindly  favoured  by 
MR.  LEWIS  C.  LOYD  with  a  copy  of  a  pedigree 
of  Dethick  of  Dethick,  which  he  had  com- 
piled from  contemporary  evidence  collected 
by  him ;  hence  possibly  MR.  LOYD'S  pedi- 
gree is  one  of  the  most  authentic  of  the 
family. 

In  it  MR.  LOYD  confirms  Roger  Dethick 
as  son  of  William  de  Dethek  (Sir  William 
Dethick),  but  states  that  Roger  died  s.p.m. 
before  6  Edw.  IV.  (1466).  The  latter  state- 
ment MR.  LOYD  bases  on 

"  De  Banco  Roll,  Hilary  6  Edw.  IV.,  memb.  366 
dorso,  in  which  suit  land  descended  to  his  younger 
brother  Thomas,  though  there  was  a  prior  remainder 
to  him  (Roger)  and  the  heirs  male  of  his  body,  there- 
fore at  that  time  he  could  have  had  no  male 
descendants  living." 

This  contention  is  plausible,  but  may 
not  the  land  have  passed  unjustly  to  Thomas? 
for  it  seems  hardly  possible  that  Roger 
should  have  left  no  male  descendants,  as 
he  had,  as  quoted  above,  seven  sons,  and 
two  of  them  married  and  left  male  issue. 

MR.  LOYD'S  pedigree  records  that  Mar- 
garet Meynell  married  Roger's  brother  John, 
and  not  Roger.  In  '  Visitation  of  Worces- 
tershire, 1569,'  Harl.  Soc.  xxvii.  47,  John 
is  given  as  second  son  of  Rauffe  Dethicke 
of  Dethicke  Hall  in  "  Darbish.,"  and 
married  to  Margaret  Meynell ;  and  in 
'  Derbyshire  Pedigrees,  1569  and  1611,' 
in  The  Genealogist  (New  Series,  vii.  78), 
John's  marriage  as  above  is  entered,  and  his 
father  is  given  as  Sir  Geoffrey  Dethick. 
In  Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genealogica, 
i.  138,  Margaret  Meynell  is  described  as 
wife  of  Thomas,  another  brother  of  Roger. 
I  do  not  find  John's  marriage  to  Margaret 
Meynell  elsewhere  recorded.  If  Roger's 
wife  was  not  Margaret  Meynell,  whom  did 
he  marry  ?  If  it  is  assumed  that  the  land 
referred  to  in  the  suit  above  mentioned 
justly  passed  to  Thomas  Dethick  by  reason 
of  his  brother  Roger  dying  s.p.m.,  the 
question  arises,  Who  were  the  parents  of 
Philip  Dethick  and  his  six  brothers  ? 
Philip's  marriage  is  entered  in  Harl.  Soc. 
xxxii.  106  thus :  Philip  Dethyke,  eldest 
son  and  heir  (of  Roger  Dethyke)  =  Jone, 
dau.  of Audebie  (Audeley  ?). 

With  reference  to  the  family  to  which 
Philip's  wife  belonged,  Lord  Orford  very 
kindly  took  the  trouble  to  look  into  the 
Chitting  MS.,  and  advised  me  that  in  addi- 
tion to  the  arms  of  Sir  William  Dethick 
(who  was  father  of  Roger)  there  was  an 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


215 


•entry  of  the  arms  of  Audley  of  S  waff  ham, 
viz.,  Gules,  a  fret  or  (these  arms  are  also 
given  in  Blomefield's  'Norfolk,'  vii.  506; 
as  the  arms  of  Audley),  from  which  it  may 
be  assumed  that  Joan  was  of  the  family 
•of  Audley  of  Norfolk. 

This  family  was  descended  from  Nicholas, 
1st  Baron  Audley  of  Heleigh,  through  James 
Touchet,  7th  Lord  Audley,  whose  eldest 
son  (by  his  second  wife,  Eleanor,  natural 
•daughter  of  Edmond,  Earl  of  Kent,  by  Con- 
stance, daughter  of  Edmund  de  Langley, 
Duke  of  York)  Sir  Humphry,  slain  at  Tewkes- 
bury,  "  took  the  name  of  Audley,  from 
whom  the  Audleys  of  Norfolk  are  de- 
scended "  (Collins,  1741,  vol.  iv.  p.  16). 

I  am  most  desirous  of  ascertaining  where 
Joan  Audley  comes  into  the  pedigree  of 
the  Audleys  of  Norfolk.  There  is  a  pedigree 
in  Harl.  Soc.  xxxii.  10  ('  Visitation  of  Nor- 
folk, 1563,  1589,  and  1613')  which  shows 
that  Sir  Humphry  had  two  daughters, 
but  their  names  are  not  given  ;  both,  how- 
ever, are  entered  as  married,  but  neither 
to  a  Dethick.  Was  Joan  one  of  these,  and 
•did  she  marry  Philip  Dethick  as  a  first 
or  second  husband  ? 

Unfortunately  I  have  no  dates  of  birth, 
marriage,  or  death  of  Philip  Dethick  and 
Joan  his  wife.  In  some  of  the  early  Visita- 
tions and  Peerages  daughters  were  not  in- 
variably inserted. 

I  shall  be  much  beholden  to  any  of  your 
readers  who  can  reply  to  the  above  inquiries, 
or  refer  me  to  any  work  containing  a  pedigree 
of  the  Audleys  of  Norfolk  in  which  Joan 
Audley  is  included  and  her  marriage  to 
Philip  Dethick  recorded. 

The  favour  of  replies  direct  will  be  much 
appreciated.  FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

APPLES  :  THEIR  OLD  NAMES  (10  S.  viii. 
429;  ix.  297,  314,  495;  x.  15).— "  Green- 
ing "  is  in  England,  it  appears,  the  name 
both  of  an  apple  and  of  a  pear  which  when 
ripe  are  of  a  greenish  hue.  In  the  United 
States  the  term  is  restricted  to  the  former, 
of  which  there  are  several  varieties,  the 
Rhode  Island  product  being  held  in  most 
favour.  N.  W.  HILL. 

PETER  QUIVEL,  BISHOP  OF  EXETER  (10  S. 
x.  30,  112).— Thomas  Staveley,  'History  of 
Churches,'  1712,  p.  202,  quotes  this  bishop's 
name,  from  the  acts  of  the  Synod  of  Exeter 
in  Spelman's  '  Concilia,'  as  "  Wivil."  The 
form  Quinel  would  represent  the  modern 
Wynell,  which  is  a  Cornish  name.  Wivell 
belongs  to  Devonshire,  and  Wyvill  to  York- 
shire. W.  C.  B. 


STEERING-WHEEL  (10  S.  x.  48,  98).— 
In  Falconer's  '  Universal  Dictionary  of  the 
Marine,'  1769,  s.v.  '  Helm,'  is  the  information 
that  the  wheel  was  used  in  large  vessels, 
but  was  unnecessary  in  small  ones.  It 
would  appear  that  theoarrel  was  horizontal  ; 
but  the  description  is  not  absolutely  clear, 
and  the  engraved  plate  does  not  contain 
the  particulars  referred  to  in  the  article. 

U.  V.  W. 

"  BLOODING  A  WITCH  "  (10  S.  ix.  328,  397). 
— The  power  of  witches  can  be  undone  by 
other  means  than  shedding  their  blood. 
Their  mischief  can  also  be  undone  by  shed- 
ding the  blood  of  their  victims.  A  popular 
story,  well  known  throughout  Europe,  tells 
how  a  princess,  betrothed  to  a  king,  is 
changed  by  her  stepmother  to  a  duck.  The 
bird  comes  by  night  to  visit  her  betrothed, 
and  in  human  voice,  which  she  still  retains, 
laments  her  fate.  Her  betrothed  sheds  three 
drops  of  her  blood,  and  restores  her  to  her 
original  form.  E.  YARDLEY. 

Fairfax's  '  Discourse '  was  printed  from 
a  copy  seen  by  William  Grainge  of  Harro- 
gate  in  1882.  The  extract  given  by  MR. 
ELIOT  HODGKIN  is  on  pp.  88-9  of  that 
edition.  The  book  is,  I  believe,  not  scarce, 
for  a  copy  was  priced  recently  in  the  cata- 
logue of  a  Yorkshire  bookseller  at  two 
shillings.  S.  L.  PETTY. 

Ulverston. 

AKBAR'S  LIKENESS  (10  S.  ix.  211,  332).— 
In  the  frontispiece  and  at  p.  221  of  Prof. 
Lane-Poole's  '  Mediaeval  India  '  is  a  portrait 
of  Akbar  along  with  those  of  the  Emperors 
Babar,  Humayun,  and  Jahangir.  The  four 
are  reproduced  from  British  Museum  MS. 
Add.  20,734.  For  Jahangir's  description 
of  his  father's  personal  appearance  see 
p.  246  of  the  above  book. 

I  do  not  understand  what  the  querist  means 
by  "Mohammedan"  type.  "Mohamme- 
dan "  is  not  a  race-name.  Babar,  the  grand- 
father of  Akbar,  was  half  Turk,  half  Mongol 
or  Moghul.  "  His  descendants  introduced 
a  strong  Rajput  strain  by  their  marriages 
with  Hind  a  princesses."  ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 

LLECHYLCHED,  ANGLESEY  (10  S.  x.  170). 
—  MR.  ACKERLEY  should  consult  *  Mona 
Antiqua  Restaurata,'  pp.  154  (for  Llach 
^ynfarwy)  and  379  (for  Llechcynfarwy), 
explaining  partly  Llach  (or  Llech)  in 
Llechylched.  Cylched  =  culcita  (Latin) : 
composition  of  word  as  in  chwe'  cheiniog 
'=  sixpence).  H.  H.  JOHNSON. 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 


HARVEY'S  BIRTHPLACE  (10  S.  x.  9,  117, 
174). — William  Harvey  certainly  left  nothing 
to  Gonville  and  Cains  College.  The  mistake 
has  probably  arisen  out  of  the  fact  that  he 
was  an  important  benefactor — by  will, 
and  apparently  also  by  gift — to  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians  in  London.  His 
will  is  printed  in  full  in  D'Arcy  Power's 
'  Life,'  1907  ("  Masters  of  Medicine  "  Series). 

J.  VENN. 

Gonville  and  Cams  College,  Cambridge. 

HOVE  (10  S.  ix.  450;  x.  14,  111,  156).— 
The  authority  for  my  statement  that  Hove 
is  derived  from  an  Anglo-Saxon  word  mean- 
ing "  low-lying  "  is  Horsneld's  '  History  of 
Sussex,'  i.  165,  foot-note  : — 

"  Hova  signifies  in  the  Saxon  a  low  or  lower  scite 
than  the  neighbouring  district,  as  Hoving-den 
does." 

PERCEVAL  LUCAS. 

The  derivation  of  Hove  from  an  alleged 
A.-S.  word  hov,  meaning  a  marshy  tract, 
is  to  be  found  in  several  self-styled  dic- 
tionaries of  place-names.  I  must  plead 
guilty  to  having  copied  from  them  in  my 
little  book  on  Hove,  though  I  gave  the 
alternative  of  Hof  =  &  court  of  farm,  as 
obviously  the  more  probable.  The  compilers 
of  these  "dictionaries  may  have  been  misled 
by  the  statement  found  in  most  books  dealing 
with  the  district  that  Hove  is  sometimes 
spelt  Hou  in  ancient  documents.  Thence 
it  is  an  easy  transition  to  How,  Hoo,  and 
Hoe,  all  of  which  forms  are  found  in  Sussex, 
and  to  a  fine  philological  muddle.  There 
is  in  Lancing  a  manor  of  Howcourt.  How, 
I  find  on  the  same  untrustworthy  authority, 
means  a  valley  or  hollow.  I  suppose  it 
all  arose  out  of  the  use,  down  to  the  seven- 
teenth century  at  least,  of  u  as  the  medial 
letter  and  v  as  the  initial.  To  the  eye  of 
the  copyist  Hov  perhaps  seemed  wrong, 
so  he  altered  it  to  Hou,  and  destroyed  a  pre- 
decessor's attempt  to  be  phonetically  correct. 
H.  G.  DANIELS. 

Sussex  Lodge,  Shorehara,  Sussex. 

"  VIVANDIERES  "  (10  S.  ix.  171,  313,  418; 
x.  158). — A  pageful  of  illustrations  showing 
vivandieres  in  the  uniforms  (modified  to 
suit  their  sex)  of  various  regiments  of  cavalry 
and  infantry  in  the  time  of  the  Second 
Empire  is  given  in  '  L'Armee  Fransaise, 
Album  Annnaire '  ( Plon-Nourrit  et  Cie.) 
for  1907. 

According  to  '  Chambers's  Encyclopaedia  ' 
the  uniforms  were  first  adopted  during  the 
Algerian  campaigns,  but  are  now  discon- 
tinued. C.  S.  HARRIS. 


TYPOGRAPHICAL  PUZZLE  (10  S.  x.  186).— 
The  error  is,  of  course,  the  transposition  of 
s  and  c  in  "  some  "  and  "  procured  "  : 
read  "  These  great  collections  of  hands,, 
that  some  men  found  themselves  upon,  hav- 
ing been  procured  among  the  raffe  of  the 
meaner  and  most  unexperienced  mariners." 

J.  A.  H.  M. 

SNODGRASS  AS  A  SURNAME  (10  S.  ix.  427  ; 
x.  10,  52,  113). — Regarding  the  Dickens- 
aspect  of  this  discussion,  I  can  say  that  my 
father,  William  Snodgrass,  of  Bath,  always, 
told  me  that  Dickens  met  my  grandfather 
in  a  Bath  hostelry  ;  that  my  grandfather 
was  an  amateur  poet,  and,  as  is  the  way 
in  inns — even  nowadays — he  talked  a  lot  p 
that  Dickens,  when  he  went  to  Bath,  dropped 
in  often,  and  also  talked  a  lot.  Result  :. 
Dickens  struck  by  the  singularity  of  the 
name  ;  a  novelist  seeking  for  new  and  strik- 
ing or  curious  names  ;  the  rest,  '  Pickwick 
Papers.' 

There  was  a  Pickwick  coach  running 
from  London  to  Bath  at  that  period.  There 
was  a  Weller  who  had  livery  stables  at 
Bath.  There  was  a  Tupman  whose  name- 
was  over  some  shop  in  the  town. 

One  of  my  brothers  has  a  volume  of 
poetry  in  MS.  written  by  my  grandfather,, 
from  which  I  may  perhaps  send  you  a  few 
selections.  Some  are  quaint  old  songs, 
of  the  period,  which,  I  believe,  are  non- 
existent in  writing  elsewhere.  All  these 
things  show  that  Dickens  discovered  most 
of  his  names  for  '  Pickwick  Papers  '  during: 
a  visit  to  Bath.  But  the  Snodgrass  family 
must  not  be  judged  by  the  standard  of  the 
Snodgrass  of  Pickwick's  friendship. 

ALFRED  E.  SNODGRASS. 

"Burr"  (10  S.  x.  170).— There  is  no 
difficulty  here.  The  querist  has  taken  the 
archaic  s  for  /,  and  thereby  reached  a 
plural  "  bums  "  instead  of  "  bussis,"  the 
equivalent  of  modern  "  bushes."  If  he  will 
substitute  the  real  for  the  supposed  word, 
and  assume  that  "  damson "  means 
drenches,  he  will  readily  get  the  meaning 
of  the  line.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

[MR.  W.  E.  WILSON  replies  to  the  same  effect.] 

TOOTHACHE  (10  S.  x.  121,  171,  196).— 
I  cannot  say  that  I  ever  heard  of  black- 
smiths in  this  country  having  been  accus- 
tomed to  draw  teeth,  though  this  office 
frequently  devolved  upon  barbers,  and,  as. 
we  know,  there  were  barber-surgeons.  In 
'Elegant  Extracts,'  1796,  vol.  ii.  p.  491r 
is  an  amusing  poem  called  '  The  Barber's- 
Nuptials,'  and  though  no  author's  name 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  i9os.j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


is  appended,  it  was  written  by  the  Rev. 
George  Huddesford,  editor  of  the  '  Wic- 
camical  Chaplet,'  published  in  1804.  The 
first  descriptive  verse  is  appended  : — 

In  Liquorpond  Street,  as  is  well  known  to  many, 
An  artist  resided  who  shav'd  for  a  penny, 
Cut  hair  for  three  halfpence,  for  threepence  he  bled, 
And  would  draw  for  a  groat  ev'ry  tooth  in  your 

head. 

Where  Liquorpond  Street  was  situated  I 
cannot  say.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

[Liquorpond  Street  was  between  Leather  Lane 
and  Gray's  Inn  Road,  but  has  now  disappeared.] 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL  TO  THE  QUEEN  (10  S. 
x.  110,  170). — To  MR.  BEAVEN'S  list  of  those 
who  held  this  office  may  be  added  the  name 
of  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  afterwards  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  who  was 
appointed  Attorney-General  to  Mary  (of 
Modena),  Queen  Consort  of  James  II., 
in  1685.  CHARLES  HERBERT  THOMPSON. 

J.  W.  Croker  makes  the  following  note, 
under  date  22  April,  1821,  on  the  appoint- 
ment of  Henry  Brougham  as  Attorney- 
General  to  the  unfortunate  Caroline  of 
Brunswick  : — 

"  Brougham  and  Denman  sworn  in  the  day  before 
yesterday  as  Attorney  and  Solicitor-General  to  the 
Queen.  Brougham,  I  hear,  wished  to  secure  the 
profits  without  the  inconveniences  of  the  appoint- 
ment, and  offered  not  to  assume  it  if  Government 
would  give  him  a  patent  of  precedence,  but  the 
Chancellor (Eldon)  refused."—  'Croker Papers,'  i.  172. 

LEONARD  J.  HODSON. 
Robertsbridge,  Sussex. 

RTJTHWELL  CROSS  {10  S.  x.  168). — MR. 
CANN  HUGHES  will  find  full  particulars  of 
this  celebrated  cross  in  the  late  Mr.  J. 
Komilly  Allen's  colossal  work  '  The  Early 
Christian  Monuments  of  Scotland,'  pub- 
lished by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Scotland  in  1903,  HENRY  TAYLOR. 

There  is  an  article  on  the  Ruthwell  cross, 
with  an  illustration,  in  The  Reliquary,  vol.  ii. 
New  Series,  1888.  It  is  not  stated  who 
wrote  it,  but  the  author  in  a  note  refers 
to  "  a  charming  little  book,  '  The  Ruthwell 
Cross,'  by  the  Rev.  J.  McFarlan  (Blackwood, 
<fe  Sons,  1885)."  A.  H.  ARKLE. 

"  AS  THE  FARMER  SOWS  HIS  SEED  "   (10  S. 

x.  169). — This  is  the  "  Oats  and  Beans  and 
Barley  "  game  described  in  Mrs.  Gomme's 
*  Traditional  Games,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  1-13. 
Many  variants  are  there  given,  as  well  as 
three  tunes  to  which  the  words  are  sung 
in  different  parts  of  England.  The  verses 


attributed  to  Nottingham  by  Miss  Winfield 
run  : — 

Oats  and  beans  and  barley-corns,  you  or  I  or  any 
one  else, 

You  or  I  or  any  one  else,  oats  or  beans  or  barley- 
corns ; 

Thus  the  farmer  sows  his  seed, 

Thus  he  stands  and  takes  his  ease, 

Stamps  his  foot,  and  claps  his  hands, 

And  turns  him  round  to  view  the  land. 

Waiting  for  a  partner,  waiting  for  a  partner  ; 

Open  the  ring  and  take  one  in, 

Waiting  for  a  partner. 

Now  you  are  married  you  must  obey, 
You  must  be  true  to  all  you  say, 
You  must  be  kind,  you  must  be  good, 
And  help  your  wife  to  chop  the  wood  ! 

The  narrow  escapes  from  riming  in  the  first 
stanza,  are  amusing  to  contemplate. 

I  cannot  believe  that  this  play  is  suddenly 
extinct,  though  there  is  no  denying  the 
fact  that  better  things  than  it  have  vanished 
between  1898,  when  Mrs.  Gomme's  work 
was  published,  and  1908,  when  a  corre- 
spondent of  '  N.  &  Q.'  comes  with  an  inquiry 
touching  the  sport  he  knew  sub  Planco. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

A  variant  of  this  is  a  common  Kinder- 
garten game.  The  children  sing  : — 

Shall  we  show  you  how  the  farmer, 
Shall  we  show  you  how  the  farmer, 
Shall  we  show  you  how  the  farmer 
Sows  his  barley  and  wheat  ? 

Then  they  chant  the  reply,  the  first  line 
being  again  given  thrice — 

Look,  'tis  thus  the  busy  farmer  (thrice) 

Sows  his  barley  and  wheat. 

Other  verses  follow,  in  which  "  reaps," 
"  threshes,"  and  "  sifts  "  are  respectively 
substituted  for  "  sows "  iri  both  question 
and  answer.  Lastly  comes  the  question  : — 

Shall  we  show  you  how  the  farmer  (thrice) 
Rests  when  day's  work  is  done  ? 

To  this  comes  the  response  : — 

Look,  'tis  thus  the  busy  farmer  (thrice) 
Rests  when  day's  work  is  done. 
Suitable  actions  accompany  all  the  verses 
— the  children  sow  the  seed,  reap,  thresh, 
and  sift  the  barley  and  wheat.     Then  they 
fall  on  one  knee  and  cover  their  eyes  while 
they  sing  very  quietly  the  response  to  the 
last  question. 

Some  versions  have  the  formula  "  Would 
you  know  how  doth  the  farmer,"  and  so  on. 

MARY  H.  APPERSON. 
87,  Merton  Hall  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 

"  THE  PROTECTOR'S  HEAD,"  INN  SIGN 
(10  S.  x.  30,  156). — The  novel  to  which  your 
correspondent  refers  in  the  first  communica- 
tion on  this  subject  is  '  Brambletye  House,' 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  IMS. 


in  three  volumes,  by  one  of  the  authors 
of  the  'Rejected  Addresses '  (Henry  Col  burn, 
New  Burlington  Street,  1826).  Mention  of 
"  The  Protector's  Head  "  Inn  is  made  in 
chap.  v.  vol.  i. 

F.  E.  R.  POLLABD-UBQUHABT. 
Castle  Pollard,  Westmeath. 

ROSES  AS  BADGES  :  WHEBE  BOBNE 
(10  S.  x.  87,  174). — Surely  MB.  MACMICHAEL 
considerably  antedates  the  first  issue  of 
the  rose  noble.  This  beautiful  coin  was 
first  struck  by  Edward  IV.  in  1465,  and 
has  the  rose  of  York  stamped  on  both  sides. 
The  rose  does  not  occur  upon  the  nobles  of 
Edward  III.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Miss  Drane  in  her  '  History  of  St.  Cathe- 
rine of  Siena  '  says  : — 

"  The  white  and  red  roses  were  the  symbols  of 
the  Urbanists  and  Clementists  in  the  kingdom  of 
Naples,  and  it  is  supposed  that  from  thence  these 
same  symbols  were  carried  into  England  by  some 
of  Hawkwood's  followers,  and  adopted  in  the  civil 
wars  which  broke  out  so  soon  afterwards  in  that 
country." — P.  495. 

WHITE  ROSE. 

"SINEWS  OF  WAB  "  (10  S.  ix.  470;  x. 
137). — Here  is  another  early  example, 
of  the  same  date  as  that  given  by  PBOF. 
BENSLY  : — 

"  And  therefore  these  Coynes  and  Treasure  be 
riot  without  cause  called  of  wyse  men,  Nerui 
bellornm  (that  is  to  say)  the  Synowes  of  Warre."— 
W.  Stafford's  '  Examination  of  Complaints,'  1581, 
Dial.  ii.  p.  68  (New  Shakspere  Society's  edition, 
1876). 

G.  L.  APPEBSON. 

ABCHBISHOP  OF  DOVEB  (-10  S.  x.  170). — 
Canterbury  was  the  Roman  Durovernum, 
hence  in  early  charters  the  Latin  style  of 
its  bishop  was  Ep.  Dovernensis  or  Doro- 
bernensis.  Dover  was  Portus  Dubris. 

SHEBBOBNE. 

Does  not  the  word  "  Dovernensis  "  stand 
for  Canterbury  rather  than  for  Dover  ? 
A  silver  penny  of  Archbishop  Wulfred  (805- 
832)  has  on  the  reverse  the  monogram 
"  Dorobernia  Civi."  Another  penny  of 
the  "  Sede  Vacante  "  series  (832-3  ?)  gives 
"  Dorobernia  Civitas "  ;  and  a  penny  of 
Archbishop  Ceolnoth  (833-70)  has  "  Doro- 
vernia  Civitas."  In  each  case  the  metro- 
political  city  of  Canterbury  is  meant. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

AITTHOBS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.  168).— I  think  that  the  poem  which  MB. 
F.  G.  ACKEBLEY  is  seeking  is  the  one  known 
as  '  Bredon  Hill '  (pronounced  Breedon), 


by  A.  E.  Housman.  It  is  found  in  the  little 
volume  (first  issued  in  1896)  entitled  '  A 
Shropshire  Lad '  (Grant  Richards),  p.  31. 
sixpenny  edition.  The  first  two  stanzas 
run  : — 

In  summertime  on  Bredon 

The  bells  they  sound  so  clear  ; 
Round  both  the  shires  they  ring  them 

In  steeples  far  and  near, 

A  happy  noise  to  hear. 

Here  of  a  Sunday  morning 

My  love  and  I  would  lie, 
And  see  the  coloured  counties, 

And  hear  the  larks  so  high 

About  us  in  the  sky. 

A.    L.    HUMPHBEYS. 

187,  Piccadilly,  W. 

[C.  C.  B.  also  refers  to  Mr.  Housman.] 

"  PBAISES  LET  BBITONS  SING"  (10  S.  ix. 
350). — To  judge  from  the  second  stanza, 
this  song  might  have  been  written  as  an 
appropriate  commemoration  of  the  battle 
of  Vittoria,  gained  by  Wellington  in  1813 
over  Marshal  Jourdan,  when  Joseph  Bona- 
parte lost  his  Spanish  crown. 

N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

OLD  TUNES  (10  S.  x.  48,  93,  138).— 
'  Monymusk '  is  a  strathspey  which  was 
composed  by  Daniel  Dow,  a  violinist  and 
musician  who  was  born  in  Perthshire  in 
1732.  He  was  a  teacher  and  concert-giver 
in  Edinburgh  from  1763  until  his  death 
on  20  Jan.,  1783.  In  one  of  his  collections 
of  Strathspeys  '  Monymusk '  appeared  as 
'  Sir  Archibald  Grant  of  Monemusk's  Reel/ 
My  authority  for  this  statement  is  '  The 
Church  and  Priory  of  Monymusk,'  written 
in  1895  by  the  Rev.  W.  M.  Macpherson  of 
Monymusk  Manse,  by  Aberdeen. 

Another  writer  informs  us  that 
"when  there  was  a  quarrel  between  the  county 
people  and  the  rich  tradesmen  at  the  Bath  balls, 
Beau  Nash  had  some  trouble  to  reconcile  them,  but 
he  appropriately  sealed  his  success  by  ordering  the 
band  to  strike  up  '  Money  Musk.'  " 

ALFBED  JAS.  MONDAY. 

Taunton. 

H.    HOPPEB,    MODELLEB    (10   S.    X.    130).— 

MB.  SOUTH  AM  will  find  a  note  of  this  sculptor 
in  Redgrave's  '  Dictionary  of  Artists.' 

HABOLD  MALET,  Col. 

BUXTON  (10  S.  x.  168). — The  old  writer 
referred  to  by  PEAKMAN  may  possibly  be 
Dr.  John  Jones  of  King's  Mede,  Derby, 
who,  in  1572,  wrote  a  treatise  on  the  Buxton 
waters,  entitled  '  Buckstone's  Bathes  Bene- 
fyte.'  S.  D.  C. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  12, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Germany  in  the  Early  Middle  Ages,  476-1250  A.D. 
By  William  Stubbs,  D.D.,  formerly  Bishop  of 
Oxford  and  Regius  Professor  of  Modern  History 
in  the  University  of  Oxford.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
WE  have  here  a  volume  of  considerable  value,  the 
more  so  as  satisfactory  histories  of  Germany  in 
English  are  remarkable  for  their  scarcity.  It 
originated  in  a  series  of  lectures  delivered  at 
Oxford,  and  endeavours  to  indicate  the  national 
and  feudal  history  of  the  Germans  in  the  character 
of  a  separate  entity,  rather  than  as  a  component 
part  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  beginning  with 
the  final  fall  of  Imperial  Rome  before  the  Goths, 
Huns,  and  Vandals,  and  ending  with  the  close  of 
the  reign  of  the  Emperor  Frederick  II.  in  1250. 

Side  by  side  with  the  story  of  the  formation  and 
erowth  of  the  German  people,  masterly  sketches 
are  drawn  of  the  characters  of  the  various  emperors 
who  successively  swayed  the  destinies  of  the  Ger- 
man people  and  the  Holy  Roman  Empire.  The 
growth  of  the  national  spirit  and  the  initiation  of 
the  feudal  idea,  coupled  with  the  insistent  striving 
for  empire  on  the  part  of  the  rulers,  are  treated  in 
a  concise  fashion.  Although  this  volume  seeks  to 
show  the  Imperial  relations  of  Germany  in  so  far 
as  they  concerned  the  interior  of  German  adminis- 
tration, it  is  extremely  difficult  to  dissociate  the 
history  of  Germany  during  the  earliest  period  of 
the  Middle  Ages  from  that  of  France,  and  during 
the  later  period  from  that  of  Italy.  To  quote  the 

author  :  "  The  history  of  Italy  has  been  avoided 

Italian  history  cannot  be  learned  without  the  pre- 
vious understanding  of  German-French  history. 
The  relations  of  the  Empire  and  Papacy  and  of  the 

Italian  Republics  is  not  the  history  of  Italy 

North  Italy  must  be  studied  in  the  light  of  German 
history,  and  South  Italy  in  the  light  of  French 
history." 

We  regret,  having  regard  to  the  scope  of  the 
present  work  and  the  foregoing  extract,  that  we 
have  not  a  history  of  Italy  in  the  early  Middle  Ages 
from  the  same  pen.  To  the  student  the  two  in 
conjunction  would  have  been  of  much  value.  The 
portion  of  the  work  dealing  with  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  Great  deserves  special  study :  Bishop 
Stubbs  has  drawn  the  character  of  the  noble  de- 
scendant of  Charles  Martel  with  conscientious  care, 
neither  exaggerating  his  merits,  nor  glossing  over 
his  faults  as  a  conquering  monarch.  Charles  has 
been  well  likened  to  King  Arthur,  inasmuch  as  his 
achievements  have  been  softened  and  idealized  by 
a  halo  of  romance  and  mystery.  His  position  as 
Emperor  is  dealt  with  as  follows  :  "  From  the  year 
A.D.  768  to  800  Charles,  the  son  of  Pipin,  governed 
the  states  which  he  inherited  as  king  of  the  Franks, 
and  those  which  he  had  conquered  as  king  of  the 

nations  that  composed  them From  the  year  800 

to  his  death  he  governed  as  emperor  most  serene 
of  the  Romans,  as  Caesar  and  Augustus,  '  as  crowned 
by  God,'  the  great  pacific  emperor  governing  the 
Roman  empire.  Into  this  eminence  he  had  entered 

by  default  of  the  Csesars  of  Byzantium To  a  man 

at  once  so  politic,  so  honest  as  Charles  was,  the 
title  of  Emperor  could  bring  little  access  of  power. 

it  was  but  the  crowning  of  the  supreme  power 

by  the  supreme  title." 


The  character  of  Charles  also  merits  quotation  : 

What  was  the  real  character  of  the  German 
diigdom  before  the  assumption  of  the  empire,  and 
with  the  imperial  title,  some  shadow  of  the  imperial 
iorm  and  principle  of  government  ?  Charles  has 
been  called  a  German  of  the  Germans,  in  opposition 
bo  his  forefathers,  who  were  rather  Franks  than 
Grermans  in  the  broad  sense.  It  may  seem  fanciful 
to  do  this,  but  whatever  the  truth  of  the  theory 
may  be  in  itself,  so  far  as  the  opinion  and  fame  of 
after  ages  goes,  such  he  was.  His  grand,  stern, 
rugged  figure  stands  out  Titanic  throughout  the 

iddle  Ages  :  there  was  no  one  like  him  after  him, 
tew  enough  like  him  before,  and  none  so  great  as  he. 
Not  free  from  the  pride,  lust,  and  cruelty  of  a 
conqueror,  he  was  yet  singularly  free  from  the  errors, 
misfortunes  and  crimes  into  which  such  passions  lead 
conquerors.  A  persecutor  he  was  perhaps,  when  a 
king  who  was  a  missionary  and  a  civilizer  could 
hardly  fail  to  persecute ;  an  oppressor,  perhaps, 
when  oppression  was  the  only  guarantee  of  order. 
In  many  respects  he  might  have  been  a  better  man, 
and  if  a  better  man,  then  also  a  greater ;  but  he 
was  both  better  and  greater  than  those  who  came 
before  or  after.  We  cannot  wonder  that  he  is  the 
hero  of  two  mighty  nations— the  hero  of  their 
mythical  as  well  as  of  their  true  history,  the  central 
figure  of  their  Pantheon  and  Walhalla." 

Bishop  Stubbs  is  in  direct  opposition  to  Hallam 
in  his  criticism  of  Henry  III.,  the  various  charges 
made  by  that  learned  authority  against  certain 
illegal  acts  adjudged  to  have  been  committed  by 
Henry  being  minutely  traversed.  Principally  the 
dispute  centres  itself  on  the  alleged  extraordinary 
acquisition  of  feifs  by  himself  or  members  of  his 
family,  and  the  appointment  of  dukes  without  the 
consent  of  the  Diet.  The  controversy  is  interesting ; 
but  when  two  such  eminent  authorities  differ 
widely,  it  is  difficult  to  arrive  at  a  correct  estimate 
of  the  actual  situation.  Bishop  Stubbs  concludes 
his  case  as  follows  :  "I  have  dwelt  thus  long  upon 
the  view  of  Hallam,  and  I  am  sure  if  it  is  true, 
then  my  whole  conception  of  the  history  of 
Germany  is  a  mistake  ;  but  I  am  sure  Hallam  has 
been  misled  by  an  ex  parte  view  of  some  of  his 
German  authorities  ;  and  that  the  influences  which 
I  have  already  pointed  out  are  quite  enough  to 
account  for  the  events  of  the  next  reign ;  the 
antagonism  of  the  northern  and  southern  German 
races,  the  rivalry  between  the  German  and  Roman 
churches,  and  the  enmity  between  the  empire  and 
the  Papacy." 

The  condition  of  England  and  Germany  in  the 
early  years  of  the  tenth  century,  when  Charles  the 
Great  assumed  the  title  and  dignity  of  Emperor  (a 
period  also  marked  by  the  accession  of  Egbert,  who 
was  eventually  to  unite  all  the  kingdoms  of  the 
English  under  the  supremacy  of  Wessex),  and  the 
comparison  drawn  between  the  two  countries,  are 
of  special  interest  to  the  student,  Points  of  simi- 
larity and  dissimilarity  in  principles  of  govern- 
ment, difference  in  size,  and  systems  of  develop- 
ment, are  all  dealt  with  in  a  style  which  leaves 
little  to  be  desired.  As  this  work  is,  however, 
presumably  educational,  we  think  that  it  would 
have  been  better  had  some  further  explanation  been 
vouchsafed  of  the  following  statement :  "  In  the 
third  place,  Germany  was  from  the  beginning 
leavened  with  a  Roman  element  from  which  Eng- 
land was  free,  and  which  of  course  assumed  greater 
proportions  after  the  Imperial  dignity  was  sealed 
to  Germany." 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       110  s.  x.  SEPT.  12,  im 


Various  and  cogent  reasons  in  support  of  this 
view  are  advanced  as  regards  Germany,  but  none  is 
put  forward  with  reference  to  that  portion  which 
effects  England.  The  work  is  primarily  a  history 
of  Germany,  and  therefore  cannot  be  expected  to 
delve  into  the  history  of  a  neighbouring  country ; 
experts  would  also  probably  retort  that  it  is  not 
necessary  to  place  in  print  what  (to  them)  is 
•obvious  ;  but  as  Britain  was  for  several  centuries  a 
Roman  province,  the  student  may  perhaps  be  par- 
•doned  if  some  little  confusion  results  from  an 
unexplained  statement. 

The  principal  fault  we  have  to  find  with  the  work 
is  that  it  is  much  too  short,  in  view  of  the  lengthy 
period  with  which  the  author  deals,  and  the  im- 
portant events  with  which  it  is  crowded.  Those 
items  of  great  historical  importance  which  have 
been  dealt  with  minutely  incline  the  reader  to  be 
rather  exacting  when  other  noteworthy  events  are 
not  so  analyzed.  In  particular  we  mention  the 
third  period  of  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  We  are 
indebted  to  Milman  for  a  masterly  exposition  of 
this  period  of  Henry's  reign,  and  it  would  have  been 
to  the  general  interest  if  we  had  had  a  similar 
delineation  by  the  author,  and  a  comparison  with 
Milman's  conclusions. 

Space  forbids  the  mention  of  other  weighty  in- 
cidents which  in  this  book  are  only  cursorily  touched 
upon,  but  deserved  elaborate  notice.  The  feudal 
•system,  its  dawn,  progress,  and  extension  to  various 
countries,  are  dwelt  upon  at  length,  and  compari- 
sons are  drawn  between  its  operation  in  Germany, 
France,  and  England.  The  author  is  mainly  in 
^agreement  with  Hallam,  who  in  his  '  History  of  the 
Middle  Ages '  dwells  upon  the  foundation  of  the 
j)err>etuity  of  fiefs  as  a  written  law  by  Conrad  If., 
•as  distinguished  from  mere  custom  which  formerly 
prevailed. 

The  connexion  of  Frederick  Earbarossa  with  the 
-Crusades  is  graphically  delineated,  but  unfortu- 
nately the  more  important  Crusading  events  which 
happened  during  the  reign  of  Frederick  II.,  and  the 
ruin  to  which  they  brought  that  monarch,  are 
curtly  disposed  of  in  the  following  few  words  : 
"  Of  his  [Frederick's]  treatment  by  Honorius  III. 
and  Gregory  IX.,  it  is  impossible  to  write  with 
patience  ;  all  know  the  story  of  the  Crusade — how 
the  emperor  was  excommunicated  for  not  going, 
then  for  going ;  then  disgraced  for  the  peace  he  had 
made  with  the  Saracens,"  &c.  Students  would  do 
well  to  read  this  section  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
Stevenson's  book  on  '  The  Crusaders  in  the  East,' 
where  the  events  under  discussion,  their  political 
purport  and  effect,  are  dwelt  upon  in  an  ample  and 
satisfactory  manner. 

In  conclusion,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
"  Germany  in  the  Early  Middle  Ages '  should  be  in 
the  hands  of  all  students  who  wish  for  a  clear  and 
•succinct  guide  to  an  important  era  in  European 
politics,  such  omissions  as  we  have  noticed  being 
natural  in  a  series  of  lectures.  After  all,  Stubbs's 
notes  are  better  than  the  average  of  completed 
work.  The  volume,  which  contains  two  useful 
maps,  showing  the  partition  of  Europe  during  the 
period  in  question,  has  been  edited  by  Mr.  A. 
Hassall. 

IN  The  Nineteenth  Century  Sir  Godfrey  Lagden 
writes  on  'Asiatic  Immigration,'  and  maintains 
that  our  obligations  to  British  Indians  should  not 
be  satisfied  at  the  expense  of  natives  of  Africa. 
*  Some  Unpublished  Letters  of  General  Wolfe,'  by 


Mr.  Beckles  Willson— a  bequest  from  the  hero's 
mother  to  his  friend  George  Warden — number  about 
250,  and  throw  fresh  light  on  the  personality  of  him 
who  is  to  war  "what  Keats  is  to  literature  and 
Pitt  to  politics,"  and  incidentally  illustrate  *  Have 
We  the  Grit  of  our  Forefathers  ?'  by  the  Earl  of 
Meath,  who  laments  the  shirking  and  instability  of 
modern  women,  the  idleness  and  self-indulgence 
of  men.  Miss  Frances  H.  Low  writes  refreshingly 
on  orphanage  reform,  and  Miss  Elizabeth  B. 
Yeomans  on  the  story  of  the  making  of  the 
fountains  of  Versailles.  Prof.  Simon  Newcomb 
studies  '  The  Problem  of  Aerial  Navigation,'  and 
records  the  result  of  observations  which  emphasize 
the  difficulties  surrounding  it.  A  plea  for  the 
theatrical  play,  as  distinguished  from  the  problem 
play,  is  registered  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Barnes.  The  title 
of  his  article,  '  An  Actor's  Views  on  Plays  and 
Play-writing,'  sufficiently  indicates  his  standpoint. 
Mr.  Roberts  claims  for  the  picture-sale  season  of 
1908  that  it  has  been  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
and  most  interesting  of  recent  years.  'The  Cen- 
sorship of  Fiction,'  by  Mr.  Bram  Stoker,  protests 
against  the  futility,  in  the  scheme  of  national  life, 
of  guarding  against  evil  in  one  form  whilst  leaving 
it  unfettered  in  another  direction.  Miss  Eva  Gore 
Booth  contributes  '  Woman  and  the  Suffrage :  a 
Reply  to  Lady  Lovat  and  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward  ' ; 
and  the  number  closes  with  an  able  article  by  Sir 
Thomas  Whittaker,  M.P.,  on  'A  Minimum  Wage 
for  Home  Workers.'  Having  almost  reduced  us  to 
despair  by  pointing  out  the  difficulties  besetting  the 
subject  on  all  sides,  he  makes  out  a  good  case  for 
beginning  by  fixing  a  minimum  time- wage — a  system 
strongly  opposed  at  present  by  superficial  thinkers 
on  the  subject,  to  whom  we  recommend  a  perusal  of 
the  article. 

CURRENT  political  criticism  fills,  as  usual,  the 
majority  of  the  pages  of  The  National  Review. 
Among  articles  of  more  general  interest  we  note 
one  from  the  pen  of  our  contributor  Mr.  Thomas 
Bayne,  '  Mr.  Andrew  Lang  and  Robert  Burns,'  in 
which  he  deprecates  the  "  literary  patronage  "  of 
the  day,  and  sighs  for  the  coming  of  the  ideal  editor 
of  Scotland's  national  poet.  Madame  Jean  Delaire 
writes  on  '  The  Hindu  Conception  of  Man ' ;  the 
Rev.  R.  L.  Gales  continues  his  rural  studies  with 
'  The  Country  Parson  and  the  Village  School ' ;  and 
Lord  Willoughby  de  Broke  makes  out  a  sufficient 
case  for  a  Bill  to  deal  with  the  whole  question  of 
'  Motor  Traffic  on  the  King's  Highways,'  and  sug- 
gests directions  in  which  a  settlement  may  be 
found. 


pottos  to 


ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

J.  H.  RIVETT-CARNAC  ("Spit  of  his  father").— 
See  the  quotations  and  illustrations  at  8  S.  vii.  487; 
viii.  53,  213;  x.  432. 

JOHN  PICKFORD  ("The  potentiality  of  growing 
rich  beyond  the  dreams  of  avarice^')—  Boswell's 
'  Life  of  Johnson,'  1779,  vol.  viii.  chap.  ii. 


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221 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  19,  1008. 


CONTENTS.— No.  247. 

NOTES  :— Rowland  Hill's  Chapel  and  the  Rotunda,  Black- 
friars  Road,  221— Salford :  Saltersfprd  :  Saltersgate,  222— 
Inscriptions  at  Florence,  223—'  Original  Poetry  by  Victor 
and  Cazire,'  224  — Boy  Scouts:  their  War  Song  — The 
Norrises  of  Milverton  —  "  Boot-top "  as  a  Verb,  225— 
Dunbar  and  Henryson— Cannon  on  Bridge  Green— Spelling 
Reform  in  the  Seventeenth  Century— "  Hwinca,"  226— 
15th  Light  Dragoons,  227. 

QUERIES :— N.  Le  Fevre,  Chemist  to  Charles  II.— King 
Charles  the  Martyr,  227— Holbeach  Church- Campbell : 
its  Pronunciation  —  "  Skalinges  "  :  "  Scabulonious  "— 
Richard  Sainthill — Anthony  Merry,  Statesman — Green- 
wich Hospital  Pensioners  —  Arms  of  English  Roman 
Catholic  Bishops — "  William  the  Conqueror  ten  sixty-six," 
228 — Lord  de  Tabley — Provost  Samuel  Winter — Skylarks 
in  Orkney— Lizzie  Doten's  Poem  'Is  Life  Worth  Living?' 
— Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  at  Leith — First  Crossing  of  Africa 
—High  Treason  and  its  Punishment—"  Hors  d'oeuvre,"  229 
— Date  of  Plate — Banishment  Certificate — Sussex  Arms — 
Gormanston  Family,  230. 

REPLIES  :— Accession  and  Coronation  Coins  and  Medals, 
230— Pronunciation  of  Waterloo — Smallpox  Hospital  in 
1804:  Alexandra  Institution  for  the  Blind  —  William 
Crowmer :  Watts  Family  of  Sussex,  232 — Hoppner  and 
Sir  Thomas  Frankland's  Daughters— Clerical  Interments 
— "  Vergel,"  233  —  "  Sarum  "  —  Mysteries  of  the  Embo 
Baronetcy— " Death  Warrants":  "Coffin  Nails":  "Fags," 
— Alphonso:  Haakon— Augustinian  Cardinal,  234— "As 
thick  as  inkle-makers"  —  "Cardinal"  of  St.  Paul's  — 
Ranger  of  Greenwich  Park— St.  la,  235— Throat-cutting 
at  Public  Executions—"  Pearl,"  236— "T'  Wife  Bazaar"— 
Nonconformist  Burial-Grounds,  237— Sheriffs  of  London, 

23a 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— Poetical  Works  of  Giles  and  Phineas 

Fletcher — 'The  Quarterly  Review.' 
Booksellers'  Catalogues. 


ROWLAND  HILL'S  CHAPEL  AND  THE 
ROTUNDA,  BLACKFRIARS  ROAD. 

A  PARAGRAPH  has  lately  been  going  the 
round  of  the  press  concerning  Rowland 
Hill's  Chapel,  Blackfriars  Road,  which  in 
some  particulars  is  incorrect.  It  states, 
for  one  thing,  that  it  was  "  best  known  as 
the  Rotunda."  This  is  entirely  an  error, 
for,  so  far  as  I  can  discover,  it  was  never 
so  called  or  known.  The  Rotunda,  with 
which  it  has  evidently  been  confused,  was 
situated  on  the  opposite  side  of  Blackfriars 
Road  and  is  now  No.  3  in  that  thoroughfare, 
being  the  third  house  from  the  bridge  ; 
and  a  fanlight  over  the  entrance  bears  the 
words  "The  Rotunda."  It  has  for  many 
years  been  given  over  to  business  purposes, 
and  is  now  occupied  by  Messrs.  Burn 
Brothers  of  Edinburgh,  the  well-known 
sanitary  engineers. 

This  building  has  had  an  exceedingly 
chequered  career  since  it  housed  the  collec- 
tion of  curiosities  got  together  by  Sir  Ashton 
Lever,  and  originally  exhibited  by  him  at 
Leicester  House  in  the  square  of  that  name, 
where  it  appears  to  have  been  first  on  view 


in  1771,  and  whence  it  was  removed,  shortly 
before  his  death,  in  1788.  He  called  his 
collection  the  "  Holophusikon,"  and  it 
appears  to  have  been  really  a  wonderful 
assemblage  of  object^.  It  was  not  a  success- 
ful enterprise,  and  was  ultimately  disposed 
of  by  lottery  ;  but  out  of  the  36,000  tickets, 
only  8,000  were  taken  up.  The  drawing 
took  place  in  March,  1786,  the  winner  being 
a  Mr.  Parkinson,  who  is  said  to  have  held 
only  two  chances. 

The  new  proprietor  built  the  Rotunda, 
in  what  was  then  known  as  Albion  Place, 
in  order  to  house  his  acquisition.  The 
building  contained  sixteen  rooms,  and  here, 
at  the  end  of  1787,  the  museum — now 
renamed  the  "  Museum  Leverianum  "- 
started  on  its  fresh  mission.  Again  fortune 
frowned  on  it,  and  in  1806  it  was  disposed 
of  at  auction,  in  a  sale  lasting  sixty-five  days. 

The  building  had  considerable  vogue  as 
a  place  for  exhibitions  of  a  somewhat  non- 
descript character,  for  in  1793  the  colossal 
statue  of  the  King  executed  by  Mrs.  Darner 
for  the  Register  House,  Edinburgh,  was 
exhibited,  "  with  the  superb  addition  of 
a  crown  and  sceptre  of  exquisite  workman- 
ship, the  performance  of  Mr.  Vulliamy." 

The  Rotunda,  after  the  dispersal  of  the 
museum,  was  occupied  for  many  years  by 
the  library,  apparatus,  &c.,  of  the  Surrey 
Institution,  which  was  established  in  1807, 
to  give  the  benefit  to  Surrey-side  residents 
of  an  institution  similar  in  plan  to  the  Royal 
Institution  in  Albemarle  Street.  A  series 
of  lectures,  library  and  reading  rooms,  a 
chemical  laboratory,  &c.,  were  projected  ; 
but  in  or  about  1820  difficulties  came,  and 
the  really  valuable  institution  was  dissolved, 
the  inevitable  sale  by  auction  winding  it  up. 
Afterwards — in  1826 — it  was  known  as 
the  Rotunda  Wine  and  Concert  Rooms, 
there  being  professional  singing  and  music 
every  Tuesday  and  Thursday  evening. 

In  1831-2  it  was  appropriated  to  a  variety 
of  purposes,  some  reputable,  some  quite 
the  reverse,  including  penny  exhibitions 
(of  the  "  gaff  "  order)  of  waxworks  and  wild- 
beast  shows.  In  the  latter  year  there  was 
"  A  Course  of  Moral  and  Philosophical 
Lectures  by  a  Lady  from  the  Country," 
which  I  hope  repaid  the  labour  spent  on 
their  preparation  ;  but  this  is  open  to  some 
doubt,  for  in  September,  1833,  the  building 
was  opened  as  the  Globe  Theatre. 

In  1836  it  was  apparently  desired  to  ex- 
ploit it  once  more  as  a  place  for  concerts, 
but  the  licence  was  refused  ;  however, 
one  seems  to  have  been  granted  later,  for 
it  is  recorded  to  have  been  again  opened 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      no  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  im. 


as  a  concert-room  in  1838,  though  with  only 
indifferent  success. 

As  a  place  of  entertainment  it  was  closed 
about  1855,  after  having  passed  through 
a  veritable  penny-gaff  stage,  in  which,  as 
a  boy,  I  remember  to  have  seen  it.  It  after- 
wards became  used  for  trade  purposes,  and 
was  once  known  as  the  Rotunda  Auction 
and  Sale  Rooms,  and,  as  already  stated, 
still  flourishes  as  the  London  depot  of  an 
Edinburgh  firm. 

In  *  Old  and  New  London,'  vol.  vi.  p.  373, 
there  is  an  excellent  engraving  of  Rowland 
Hill's  Chapel  as  it  appeared  in  1814  ;  and 
at  p.  379  of  the  same  volume  there  is  a 
view  of  the  interior  of  the  Rotunda,  Black- 
friars  Road,  in  1820,  and  from  these  views 
it  can  at  once  be  seen  that  the  buildings  are 
different  in  every  way.  The  chapel  has 
also  had  a  variety  of  experiences  since 
the  foundation  stone  was  laid  in  1782. 
Here  from  the  following  year,  when  it  was 
opened,  until  1833 — the  long  period  of  half 
a  century — the  eccentric  but  devout  Rev. 
Rowland  Hill  ministered,  residing  in  the 
adjoining  house  during  the  whole  of  the 
time.  After  his  death  in  1833  the  pastorate 
devolved  upon  the  Rev.  James  Sherman, 
on  whose  resignation  in  1854  the  pulpit 
was  occupied  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Newman  Hall. 
The  Rev.  Rowland  Hill  was  buried  beneath 
the  old  chapel  floor.  In  1876  Newman 
Hall's  congregation  migrated  to  the  fine 
new  church  built  for  it  in  Westminster 
Bridge  Road,  and  here,  beneath  the  Lincoln 
Tower,  the  remains  of  Rowland  Hill  were 
reinterred  in  1881.  In  the  porch  at  the 
head  of  the  grave  the  old  memorial  tablet, 
with  the  bust  of  the  beloved  minister 
formerly  in  the  old  chapel,  has  been  placed, 
as  well  as  one  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev. 
James  Sherman,  which  I  presume  was  also 
in  Surrey  Chapel. 

The  old  chapel  was  taken  by  a  body  of 
Primitive  Methodists,  which  remained  there 
for  some  years.  A  new  chapel  was  built 
by  this  body  a  little  further  down  Black- 
friars  Road,  which  has  had  the  name  of 
Surrey  Chapel  bestowed  upon  it.  When 
the  new  chapel  was  ready  for  occupation, 
the  old  one  was  vacated  and  given  over 
to  secular  purposes.  For  some  years  it  was 
in  the  tenancy  of  a  firm  of  manufacturing 
and  agricultural  ironworkers,  and  at  the 
present  time  is  occupied  by  Messrs.  Hooper 
&  Co.,  Limited,  the  well-known  coach- 
builders  ;  but  a  notice  is  up  to  the  effect 
that  upon  the  completion  of  its  Chelsea 
factory  the  firm  will  leave  Blackfriars  Road, 
and  the  premises  will  be  to  let  on  lease. 


These  form  two  instances  of  the  vicissi- 
tudes to  which  many  of  the  old  buildings; 
of  our  changing  London  are  subject. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY.. 

Westminster. 


SALFORD:  SALTERSFORD : 
SALTERSGATE. 

ON  15  Nov.,  1851,  an  inquiry  appeared  i» 
'N.  &  Q.'  (1  S.  iv.  382)  from  the  pen  off 
the  late  Canon  Raines  as  to  the  possible- 
derivation  of  the  name  Saltersgate,  which 
occurs  frequently  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Manchester,  the  writer  suggesting  that  it 
may  mean  the  route  by  which  salt  was- 
brought  from  the  Cheshire  salt-mines  to- 
Manchester.  As,  however,  the  most  pro- 
minent instance  quoted  occurs  in  the  valley 
of  the  Spodden,  on  the  Yorkshire  side  of 
Manchester,  this  derivation,  for  this  and 
other  reasons,  falls  to  the  ground.  I  may 
explain  that  the  valley  is  long,  narrow,, 
and  deep,  and  the  Saltersgate  follows  closely 
for  some  miles  the  course  of  the  river.. 
"  Gate  "  means  a  lane  or  road. 

In  a  recently  published  book  I  have- 
drawn  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  deriva- 
tions of  Saltersgate,  Saltersford,  and  Salford,. 
are  alike,  and  that  the  numerous  places- 
bearing  such  names  in  Lancashire  and 
elsewhere  are  usually  on  low  marshy" 
ground,  and  generally  on  river -banks  where- 
the  willow  or  sallow  tree  flourishes. 

In  '  Words  and  Places '  and  '  Names  and 
their  Histories  '  the  derivation  of  Salford  is- 
given  as  from  sealh,  A.-S.  a  sallow,  andi 
Saltreford  or  Salterford,  the  ford!  by  the 
sallow  tree. 

The  Saltersgate  mentioned  by  Canont 
Raines  is  in  the  Hundred  of  Salford,  which 
takes  its  name  from  a  ford  where  now  is  ax 
bridge  over  the  Irwell  in  Manchester,  called* 
formerly  "  Salford  Ford." 

Other  Salfords  in  Lancashire  near  rivers- 
are  in  the  towns  of  Blackburn,  Burnley,. 
Clitheroe,  and  Todmorden.  There  is  a* 
notable  instance  in  Kent,  in  the  ancient 
town  of  Tonbridge. 

As  the  subject  is  interesting,  I  give- 
instances  in  different  parts  of  England,  taken, 
from  Bartholomew's  '  Atlas  of  England  and 
Wales '  and  from  other  sources.  The- 
original  ford  has  probably  in  many  cases- 
been  succeeded  by  a  bridge. 

Will  any  of  your  readers  who  happen  to« 
live  in  these  localities  kindly  verify  or 
amplify  my  notes  ?  It  may  be  that  in 
some  instances  the  derivation  is  from  a. 
salt  marsh,  as  "  Salhouse  "  in  Norfolk,.andi 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"  Salterfen  Rocks  "  on  the  coast,  two  miles 
south  of  Sunderland  ;  or  from  the  tree  in 
question  growing  on  a  hill-side,  as  Salcombe 
Regis,  near  Sidmouth. 

Salford  Priors,  a  tiny  village  (with  a  church)  on 
the  river  Arrow,  close  to  its  junction  with  the 
Avon,  about  8  miles  S.W.  from  Stratford-on-Avon. 

Abbots  Salford,  another  hamlet  half  a  mile 
S.W.  of  Salford  Priors. 

Salford  (Bedfordshire),  10  miles  S.W.  from  Bed- 
ford, a  small  hamlet  (with  a  church)  in  a  lane  which 
crosses  a  small  tributary  of  the  Ousel. 

Salford  (Oxfordshire),  2  miles  N.W.  from  Chip- 
ping Norton,  and  14  miles  S.W.  from  Banbury. 
Small  hamlet  (with  a  church)  close  to  a  tributary 
of  the  Evenlode. 

Salterforth  (Yorkshire),  3|  miles  N.  of  Colne,  at 
the  bottom  of  a  valley,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Aire. 

Saltford,  hamlet  (with  a  church)  on  the  Avon, 
about  4  miles  N.W.  from  Bath. 

Salter  Street,  Hockley  Heath  (with  a  church), 
Warwickshire. 

Salterhebble  (with  a  church),  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire. 

Salter  Hall,  of  miles  E.  of  Whitehaven,  and 
5  miles  N.  of  Egremont,  near  a  tributary  of  the 
Eden. 

Saltergate,  11  miles,  nearly  due  S.  of  Whitby, 
and  13  miles  N.W.  from  Scarborough.  The  village 
is  on  an  important  road  running  north  from 
Pickering. 

Salter  House,  4|  miles  N.  and  slightly  W.  of 
Stockton,  and  14  miles  S.E.  from  Durham. 

Salterford  Hall,  4£  miles  N.E.  by  E.  from 
Macclesfield,  10  miles  S.E.  from  Stockport,  and 
close  to  a  small  tributary  of  the  Goyt. 

Salterscroft,  11  miles  S.  of  Huddersfield,  and  16$ 
miles  E.  of  Manchester,  situated  on  the  marshy 
moorland  of  the  Manchester  reservoirs  at  Dunford 
Bridge. 

HENRY  TAYLOR. 

Birklands,  Birkdale,  Lanes. 


INSCRIPTIONS   AT   FLORENCE. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  224,  344,  443  ;   x.  24.) 

THE  following  inscriptions  (taken  in  May, 
1908)  are  those  in  the  South-Eastern  Section. 
The  tombs  are  in  irregular  rows,  running 
north  and  south,  parallel  to  the  main  foot- 
path. The  inscriptions  in  the  first  row  (that 
next  ^the  footpath)  begin  at  the  northern 
end,  in  the  second  row  at  the  southern  end, 
and  so  on. 

FIRST  Row. 

281.  James  Lorimer  Graham,  jun.,  New  York, 
1855 ;  Florence,  1876. 

282.  Harriet,  w.  of    John    Thomson,    of  Dairy, 
Ayrshire,  ob.  8  Oct.,  1836,  a.  32. 

283.  Britton,  youngest  s.  of  Britton  A.  and  Josey 
Hill,  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri.     (No  date.) 

284.  Anne,  w.  of  John  Gorton,  ob.  at  San  Marcello, 
13  Aug.,  1846. 

285.  Maria  Nockells,  of  London,  ob.  17  Ap.,  1849, 
a.  31.     Erected  by  her  brother,  C.  W.  Nockells. 

286.  Mr.  Edward  Lombe,  ob.  1  Mar.,  1852,  a.  53. 
(In  French.) 


287.  Charles  Bankhead,  M.D..  ob.  25  Nov.,  1859  a. 
91.    Erected  by  his  s.  Charles. 

288.  Thomas'  Tringham  Smith,  Esq.,   of  Bolton 
Street,  Piccadilly,  ob.  at  his  villa,  Palazzo  Brueiato, 
22  July,  1857,  a.  63. 

289.  William  Somerville,  eldest  s.  of  the  historian 
of  Queen  Anne,  b.  at  Minto,  Roxburghshire,  22  ATX, 
1771 ;  ob.  25  June,  1860. 

290.  Anna,  w.  of  T.  F.  Brown,  Esq.,  ob.  14  Dec.,. 
1869. 

291.  Martha  Rebecca,  w.  of  James  Moore,  Esq., 
Strandfield,    County    Louth,    ob.  19   Nov.,    1874. 
(Arms,  a  lion  rampant,  on  a  chief  3  mullets.) 

292.  Robert  Hart,  sculptor,  of  Kentucky,   U.S., 
ob.  I  Jan.,  1862,  a.  ,33.    Erected  by  his  wife. 

293.  Wm.   Henry  Beck,    Esq.,    of   Philadelphia, 
U.S.,  ob.  1  Nov.,  1859,  a.  36. 

294.  Arthur  Hugh  Clough,  sometime  Fellow  of 
Oriel  Coll.  Oxf.,  ob.  13  Nov.,  1861,  a.  42.   Erected  by 
his  wid.  and  sister. 

295.  Catherine  Peat,  wid.  of  David  Thomson,  of 
Leghorn,  ob.  13  May,  1868,  a.  90. 

296.  James  Walters  Kelson,  ob.  28  Nov. ,  1861,  a.  49. 

297.  Ann  Alice,  w.   of   Richard  Holt,  Esq.,  of 
Orio,  near  Milan,  ob.  5  Nov.,  1831. 

298.  Elizabeth,  w.  of  Major-General  Daubeney,. 
K.H.,  of  Bath,  d.   of  Archdeacon  Daubeney,  ob. 
3  Ap.,  1844,  a.  61. 

299.  Mary  Anne  Salisbury,    ob.    31  Mar.,    1848. 
Erected  by  her  mistress,  Rosina  Buonarotti  Simoni 

300.  Saxon  Cocker,  ob.  25  Jan.,  1831,  a.  24. 

SECOND  Row. 

301.  Lieut. -General  John  Locke,  of    Newcastle, 
Ireland,  ob.  28  Feb.,  1837,  a.  67. 

302.  Amelia  Augusta,  w.  of  Ed\vard  Le  Mesurier, 
Esq.,  R.N.,  ob.  7  Feb.,  1845,  a.  48. 

303.  Frances  Anne  Ogle,  wid.  of  Wm.  Hay,  Esq., 
of  Hopes,  Haddingtonshire,  Scotland,  ob.  24  June, 
1869,  a.  >2. 

304.  Caroline  Susan,  w.  of  Major  Alasia,  of  the 
Italian  Army,    d.   of   Capt.    Carpenter,  of   Ford,. 
Northumberland,  and  her  inf.  s.  George  Edward, 
ob.  20  Dec.,  1867. 

305.  Joseph  Thurlow,  of  London,  ob.  28  May,  1866,. 
a.  66. 

306.  Mary  Margaret,  w.  of  John  H.  Peirce,  Esq., 
ob.  20  Nov.,  1869,  leaving  one  d. 

307.  Thomas  WTatson  Ottley,  Esq.,  ob.  30  Jan., 

1868,  a.  74.    Erected  by  his  wid.  and  only  son.— 
Charles  Ottley,  Esq.,  ob.  3  Jan.,  1867,  a.  70. 

308.  Florence  Evelyn  Julia  Fleetwood  Wilson,  b. 
3  May,  1853 ;  ob.  2  June,  1875.    In  same  enclosure 
(in  Italian) :  Bianca,  b.  19  Feb.,  1853 ;  ob.  10  July, 

1869.  Erected  by  her  parents  Antonio  and  Gel- 
trude  Baldelli. 

309.  Luisa  Scott,  wid.  Corgialegno,  b.  in  Kent  ; 
ob.  16  June,   1874.  —  Demetrip   Corgialegno,  b.   in 
Argostoli,  Cefalonia,  an  heroic  patriot  in  the  war 
for  the  independence  of  Greece,  ob.  21  Dec.,  1861. 
(In  Italian.) 

310.  Frederic  Goodban,  b.  at  Canterbury,  3  Feb., 
1831 ;  ob.  19  Dec.,  1865. 

311.  Roland  James  McDouall,  Esq.,  b.  6  Ap.,  1838 ; 
ob.  28  Dec.,  1861,  s.  of  John  Andrew  McDouall  and 
of  Gertrude  Walker,  his  wife. 

312.  Charlotte  M.  Whyte,  d.  of  Edward  M.  and 
Alice  Whyte,  of  Hotham  Hall,  Yorks,  b.  7  May, 
1835;  ob.  3  Nov.,  1862. 

313.  Mrs.  Eliza  G.  Doane,  b.  in  Boston,  U.S.A.;. 
ob.  10  Nov.,  1859,  at  Villa  Capponi,  a.  70.    Erected 
by  her  children. 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  10,  iocs. 


314.  Th.  Jefferson  Page,  jun.,  of  Virginia,  Major 
of  Artillery,  Confederate  States  Army,  b.  3  Aug., 
1839 ;  ob.  16  June,  1864. 

315.  *In  English.    A  recumbent  cross  grown  over 
-with  lichens. 

316.  Henry  Austin,  faithful  servant  of  the  late 
W.  Reader,  Esq.,  06.  6  July,  1859,  a.  40.     Erected 
'by  a  few  friends. 

317.  Mary  Farhill,  ob.  2  Ap.,  1854,  a.  70.    Erected 
by  her  only  surviving  brother  Edward. 

318.  Isaac  Harris,  retired  Commander  R.N.,  ob. 
*6  Aug.,  1849,  a.  61.    Erected  by  his  wid.  and  2  sons. 

319.  John  Crossley  Geall  Seymour,  ob.  24  Jan., 
1849,  a.  29. 

320.  Anne  Craufurd,  w.  of  Charles  Holland,  M.D., 
-ob.  8  Nov.,  1845(?),  a.  41. 

321.  Algernon    Peyton,    b.    27    Sept.,   1814;    ob. 
19  Jan.,  1853. 

322.  Henry  Florence,  inf.  s.  of  John  A.  C.  and 
Susan  M.  Gray,  of  New  York,  ob.  19  Feb.,  1855,  a. 
9  months  23  days. 

323.  John  Joseph  Rankin,  b.  17  July,   1833,  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  U.S.,  ob.  4  Nov.,  1853. 

324.  Annette,  w.  of  Thos.   Hamilton,  Esq.,  ob. 
-26  Dec.,  1829. 

325.  Thos.  Hamilton,   Esq.,  ob.  at  Pisa,  7  Dec. 
1842,  a.  53. 

THIRD  Row. 

326.  John  Edward,  s.  of  John  and  Mary  Ann 
Elliott,  ob.  29  July,  1861,  a.  1  yr.  9  mths. 

327.  Walter   Kennedy  Lawrie,    b.   in    Scotland, 
•20  Aug.,  1806  ;  ob.  28  Nov.,  1837. 

328.  Lucy  Eliz.  Goddard,  ob.  7  Aug.,  1848,  wid.  of 
Frederick  Goddard,  whom  she  survived  4  months 
and  some  days.     Erected  by  her  only  d. 

329.  James  Tait,  b.  at  Edinburgh,  10  Feb.,  1795; 
•ob.  25  May,  1858. 

330.  Charlotte  Maria,  Countess  of  Strathmore  and 
Kinghorn,  b.  29  Dec.,  1826 ;  ob.  at  Villa  Normanby, 

.3  Nov.,  1854.     Erected  by  her  husb. 

331.  *In  English.    Another  recumbent  cross  over- 
grown with  lichen. 

332.  John  Stratford  Rodney,  Esq.,  ob.  28  Dec., 

1854,  a.  53. 

333.  Elizabeth,  w.  of  Joseph  Jopling,  ob.  1  Dec., 

1855,  a.  33. 

334.  Sir  Chas.  Lyon  Herbert,  M.D.,  b.  25  May, 
1784;  ob.  25  Dec.,  1855.— Anne,  wid.  of  Sir  C.  L. 
Herbert,  b.  27  Aug.,   1785 ;    ob.  28  Nov.,   I860.— 
Elizabeth,  w.  of  Tito  Berti,  eldest  d.  of  SirC.  L.  H., 
b.  6  Feb.,  1813  ;  ob.  28  June,  1862. 

335.  Eloisa  Chawner,  b.  29  Oct.,  1794;  ob.  3  June, 
1867. 

336.  Hannah,  wid.  of  Capt.  James  Bennett,  7th 
Dragoon  Guards,  ob.  18  Jan. ,  1874. 

337.  John  Loona,  s.  of  John   Loona  and  Emma 
Campbell,  b.  26  May,  1864;  06.  31  Jan.,  186(5). 

338.  George  Bomford,  ob.  17  Dec.,  1859,  a.  52. 

339.  Thos.  Brunker,  Esq.,  barrister,  ob.  30  Dec., 
1865,  a.  42. 

340.  Mary  Margaret,  w.  -of  John  H.  Peirce,  Esq., 
ob.  20  Nov.,  1869.     Erected  by  her  husb.  and  d. 

341.  Thos.  Williams  Trotman,  M.D.,  of  Barbados, 
-ob.  21  July,  1862,  a.  52.     Erected  by  his  widow. 

342.  Dora  Brooke,  d.  of  N.  B.  Acworth,  of  the 
Hook,  Herts,  ob.  29  Oct.,  1867,  a.  15. 

343.  Henrietta  Maria  Hay,  d.  of  Robt.  Hay,  Esq.,  of 
Linplum, E. Lothian,  b.  8  Dec.,  1842;  ob. 9 Feb.,  1875. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 
18,  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne. 
(To  be  continued.) 


E.  B.  B.,  ob.  1861,  whose  initials  and  year 
of  death,  without  any  other  details,  are  in- 
cluded in  COL.  PARRY'S  valuable  list  of 
inscriptions  at  Florence  (No.  207),  is  of 
course  Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

[We  credited  our  readers,  as  doubtless  did  COL. 
PARRY,  with  recognizing  the  well-known  initials  as 
telling  their  own  story.  J 


*  ORIGINAL  POETRY  BY  VICTOR  AND 
CAZIRE.' — In  the  search  for  the  volume  of 
'  Original  Poetry  by  Victor  and  Cazire,' 
which  extended  over  thirty-eight  years — 
from  the  time  when  Dr.  Garnett  announced 
its  existence  in  an  article  entitled  '  Shelley 
in  Pall  Mall,'  contributed  to  the  pages  of 
Macmillaris  Magazine  for  June,  1860, 
until  the  book  was  discovered  by  Mr.  V.  E.  G. 
Hussey,  a  grandson  of  the  brother  of 
Harriet  Grove,  to  whom  many  of  the  poems 
are  addressed — only  two  small  reviews  of 
it  were  discovered.  Prof.  Dowden  found 
a  brief  notice  in  The  British  Critic  ;  and 
another  gentleman  unearthed  a  few  lines 
in  another  magazine.  Dr.  Garnett  wrote  in 
his  preface  to  the  book,  which  he  repub- 
lished  in  1898  :— 

"  The  bibliographer  and  the  book-hunter,  no  less 
than  the  Shelleian  student,  know  that  the  recovery 
of  the  little  book  now  republished  from  an  unique 
copy  is  the  final  chapter  of  a  romance,  and  a  biblio- 
graphical event  as  rare  as,  according  to  Petrarch, 
the  appearance  of  a  Laura  in  heaven." 

Since  these  words  were  written  another 
copy  has  come  to  light,  and  interest  in  this 
small  volume  of  bad  verse  has  run  so  high 
that  600L  was  paid  at  a  London  auction 
for  one  of  the  two  copies  which  have  up 
to  now  put  in  an  appearance.  Strange  to 
say,  during  the  strenuous  search  in  all 
directions  that  was  made  to  recover  traces 
of  a  copy  of  the  poems,  a  long  article  in  The 
Literary  Panorama,  vol.  viii.  p.  1064,  con- 
taining copious  extracts  from  many  of  the 
poems,  was  entirely  overlooked.  The  above- 
mentioned  discovery  of  the  missing  volume 
by  a  member  of  the  Shelley  family  has  now 
deprived  it  of  the  importance  it  would  other- 
wise possess,  but  the  fact  of  its  having 
completely  escaped  notice  is  somewhat 
singular.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  fact 
that  The  Literary  Panorama  had  ceased  to 
exist  long  before  literary  and  other  maga- 
zines were  searched  for  traces  of  Shelley's 
juvenile  efforts.  It  was  first  published  in 
October,  1806,  and  continued  down  to 
1814,  afterwards  appearing  in  a  new  series 
as  The  Literary  Panorama  and  National 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225 


Register  ;  finally,  in  1819  it  was  incorporated 
with  The  New  Monthly  Magazine. 

Interesting  are  the  opening  words  of  the 
critique,  which  allude  to  the  "  tales  of 
horror,"  the  influence  of  which  on  Shelley 
in  those  days  threatened  his  development  as 
a  great  poet,  and  of  which  the  Original 
Poetry  by  Victor  and  Cazire  '  is  one  of  the 
numerous  offspring  : — 

"  Surely  modern  poets  are  the  most  unhappy  of 
men  !  Their  imaginations  are  perpetually  haunted 
with  terrors.  While  others  are  congratulating 
themselves  on  a  beautiful  day,  and  basking  in  the 
enlivening  rays  of  the  sun,  these  votaries  of  the 
muse  of  misery  see  nothing  but  glooms,  and  listen 
to  the  pealing  thunder,  distant  or  near,  as  fancy 
dictates,  'not  loud  but  deep.'  In  the  evening 
'  black  whirlwinds '  and  '  yelling  fiends '  beset  them 
on  every  side,  in  spite  of  the  golden  beams  of  the 
declining  sun,  or  the  cheerful  azure  of  a  cloudless 
sky.  At  night,  ghosts,  hobgoblins,  shadowy  forms, 
death,  devils,  disaster,  and  damnation  dance 
around  them  in  dire  dismay,  till  their  '  souls  are 
chilled,' — their  '  blood  is  frozen,' — their  '  heart  sinks 
within  them,'  and  miserable  they  are,  to  be  sure  ! 
At  length  they  commit  their  sorrows  to  paper ; 
they  publish,  and  the  public  are  enraptured  with 
their  sufferings." 

A.  B.  YOTJNG. 

BOY  SCOUTS  :  THEIR  WAR  SONG. — The 
following  account  of  the  war  song  adopted 
by  General  Baden-Powell's  Boy  Scouts  is 
from  The  Daily  Mail  of  27  August.  It 
seems  worth  insertion  here,  not  only  as  an 
item  of  general  interest,  but  also  to  correct 
the  absurd  statement  that  it  is  "  Ashanti," 
which  has  been  repeated  by  several  news- 
papers, whereas  the  words  are  really  Zulu  : 

"  The  scouts  have  adopted  the  Eengonyama  war 
chant  of  the  Ashantis  as  their  marching  song.  It 
begins  with  a  solo,  *  Eengonyama  gonyama '  (He  is 
a  lion).  Then  comes  the  chorus,  *  Invooboo  yahbo, 
yahbo  invooboo '  (Yea,  he  is  better  than  that,  he 
is  a  hippopotamus)." 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

THE  NORRISES  or  MILVERTON,  SOMERSET. 
—William  Norris,  of  Milverton,  Somerset, 
the  second  son  of  John  Norris  of  Winkleigh, 
Devon  (Weaver's  '  Visitations  of  Somerset/ 
p.  55),  was  buried  at  Milverton,  20  Jan., 
1573.  His  will  ('  Somersetshire  Wills,'  ii.  107) 
mentions  his  wife  Elizabeth  (nee  Baker), 
two  sons — John  and  Robert — and  four 
daughters  —  Alice,  Elizabeth,  Joan,  and 
Huysshe.  The  last  was  Anstice,  wife  of 
Sylvester  Huysshe,  of  Donyland,  St.  Decu- 
man's,  a  recusant.  The  elder  son  John 
and  Mary  his  wife  were  also  recusants 
(Somerset  and  Dorset  Notes  and  Queries,  v. 
114,  115).  What  relation  to  the  above- 
mentioned  William  and  John  were  Richard, 
Hugh,  and  Sylvester  Norris  ? 


Richard  (b.  1554  or  thereabouts)  and 
Sylvester  (b.  1572)  were  certainly  brothers- 
and  born  at  Milverton  (' Cal.  S.P.  Dom.,. 
1 581-90,'  p.  1 92).  Was  Hugh  their  brother  r 
A  cousin  Hugh  Norris  is  mentioned  by  Wil- 
"iam  Norris  in  his  will. 

1.  Richard  Norris  was  ordained  priest 
at  Laon  and  sent  on  the  Mission  3  Aug., 
1579.  On  18  Aug.,  1580,  he  was  reported 
to  be  with  George  Gilbert,  Gervase  Pierre- 
point,  and  [George]  Gifford  ('Cal.  S.P. 
For.,  1579-80,'  p.  389;  cf.  Oath.  Rec. 
Soc.,  iv.  42,  43).  In  November  and 
December,  1580,  he  helped  Father  Robert 
Persons,  S.J.,  with  his  printing  -  pres& 
(Simpson's  '  Campion,'  1896  ed.,  p.  260). 
In  August,  1581,  he  was  acting  as  chaplain 
to  Mrs.  William  Griffin  or  Griffith  at  Ux- 
bridge  (cf.  P.C.A.  [N.S.],  xiii.  153,  187). 
He  appears  at  this  time  to  have  assumed" 
the  name  of  Richardson  (Simpson,  op.  cit., 
pp.  343,  350,  521).  It  is  possible  that  he 
also  passed  under  the  name  of  Nicholson. 
A  priest  called  Nicholson  gave  evidence  on 
behalf  of  B.  Thomas  Forde,  21  Nov.,  1581,. 
in  consequence  of  which  he  was  imprisoned. 
The  prison  lists,  however,  know  no  priest 
called  Nicholson.  Richard  Norris  was  sent 
to  the  Marshalsea,  17  Dec.,  1581.  He  was- 
indicted  at  Westminster  Hall  on  Wednesday,. 
5  Feb.,  1584,  for  having  conspired  with 
James  Fenn,  George  Haydock,  and  others, 
at  Rheims  20  Sept.,  1581,  and  for  having: 
come  to  England  1  Nov.,  1581,  to  carry  put 
the  objects  of  the  conspiracy.  The  indict- 
ment is  simply  ludicrous  (Cath.  Rec.  Soc.,. 
v.  51,  54,  55).  He  was  sent  to  the  Tower 
probably  7  Feb.,  1584.  On  21  Jan.,  1585, 
he  and  nineteen  other  priests  and  one  lay- 
man were  sent  into  perpetual  banishment. 
In  1587  he  was  in  Paris,  and  he  died  in 
Spain  in  1590. 

2.  Hugh    Norris    was    admitted    to    the 
English  College  at  Rheims  3  April,  1582. 

3.  Sylvester     Norris     was     arrested     at 
Ratton(?)  about  10  July,  1584,  on  his  way 
to  France  ('  Cal.  S.P.  Dom.,'  loc.  cit.}.   Eight 
months    later    he    arrived    at    the    English 
College   at  Rheims.     For  his  writings  and 
subsequent  career  see  '  D.N.B.,'  xli.  140. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  BOOT-TOP  "  AS  A  VERB.— The  *  N.E.D/ 
gives  the  word  "boot-top"  as ="  boot- 
topping,"  and  explains  the  latter  by  a  quota- 
tion from  Falconer's  '  Diet.  Marine  '  (1767) : 
"  Boot-topping,  the  act  of  cleaning  the  upper 

part  of  a  ship's  bottom chiefly  performed 

where  there  is  no  dock,"  &c.     No  instance, 
however,  is  supplied  of  the  use  of  this  word 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  im 


us  a  verb.  This  will  be  found  in  the  account 
of  Capt.  Bartholomew  Roberts,  as  given  in 
Johnson's  '  Lives  of  the  Pirates,'  vol.  i. 
p.  211  (London,  T.  Woodward,  1726)  :— 

"  They  sailed  accordingly,  and  in  28  days  arrived 
at  Ferdinando,  an  uninhabited  Island,  on  that 
<3oast  [Brazil] :  Here  they  water'd,  boot-topped  their 
ship,  and  made  ready  for  the  designed  cruise." 

T.  F.  D. 

DUNBAB      AND      HENBYSON.  The     Dun- 

fermline  Journal  recently  contained  the 
following  : — 

"  David  Laing,  in  his  life  of  Robert  Henryson, 
the  'gude  schulemaister '  of   Dunfermline  in  the 
lifteenth  century,  quotes  the  following  reference 
from  Dunbar's    *  Lament   for   the    Death    of    the 
Makaris,'  printed  by  Chepman  &  Myllar  in  1508 : 
In  Dunfermline  he  has  done  round 
Gud  Maister  Robert  Henrysoun. 
The  same  reading  is  followed  in  the  account  of 
Henryson    in   the    '  Dunfermline    Men    of    Mark 
Series,'  published  at  the  Journal  Office.     The  lately 
compiled  '  Oxford  Book  of  English  Verse,  1250  to 
1900,'  prepared  by   A.  T.  Q.  C.,  gives  a  different 
version,  viz.  : — 

In  Dunfermline  he  has  tane  Broun 
With  Maister  Robert  Henrysoun. 
Sir  James  Ross  embrassit  has  he 
Timor  mortis  conturbat  me. 

The  compiler  says  :  *  Care  has  been  taken  with  the 
texts.  But  I  have  sometimes  thought  it  consistent 
with  the  aim  of  the  book  to  prefer  the  more 
beautiful  to  the  better  attested  reading.'  In  this 
case,  however,  his  preference  seems  to  credit  the 
Auld  Grey  Toon  with  an  old  poet  of  whom  there 
•seems  to  be  no  local  record." 

D.  A.  H. 

CANNON  ON  BRIDGE  GREEN. — Archceologia, 
vol.  x.,  provides  a  plate  engraved  by  Basire 
of  this  old  cannon,  and  at  p.  472  the  following 
note  : — 

"  It  lias  always  been  understood  that  the  mortar 
engraved  pi.  xxxvii.  was  the  first  that  was  made 
in  England,  and  that  the  first  guns  were  made  at 
Buxted  furnace,  about  ten  miles  from  Lewes.  This 
mortar  lies  now  at  Bridge  Green,  and  has  served 
for  many  years  for  the  amusement  of  the  people  on 
a  holiday  or  fair  day,  when  they  collect  money  to 
buy  gunpowder  to  throw  the  shell  to  a  hill  about  a 
mile  distant.  The  weight  of  the  shell  costs  no  little 
pains  to  dig  it  out  after  each  discharge,  which  is 
repeated  as  long  as  the  money  lasts.  The  chamber 
of  the  gun  is  cast  iron ;  the  other  part,  as  is  evi- 
dent, wrought." 

The  original  drawing  made  by  Jas. 
Lambert,  jun.,  is  before  me.  It  is  accom- 
panied by  a  descriptive  note  which  varies 
considerably  from  the  foregoing  : — 

"A  sketch  of  a  cannon  on  Bridge  Green,  near 
Tunbridge  Wells,  25  Augst.,  1768.  J.  Lambert,  jun. 
The  lower  part  or  chamber  for  the  powder  was  [sic] 
cast  iron  ;  the  other,  barrs  of  iron  hoop'd  together, 
as  in  the  drawing.  The  ball  is  13  inches  diameter. 
An  old  man  who  kept  the  turnpike  gate  near  to 


where  the  gun  lay  informed  me  that  it  was  a 
custom  to  make  a  kind  of  fair  once  a  year  on  the 
Green,  and  the  firing  the  cannon  was  one  of  the 
principal  diversions.  He  said  about  3  or  4  Ib.  of 
powder  would  throw  the  ball  into  some  fields 
which  he  pointed  out,  near  as  I  can  recollect  about 
half  or  three  quarters  of  a  mile  distant,  and  that 
the  ball  was  to  be  seen  all  the  way." 

I  have  not  so  far  found  any  other  state- 
ment respecting  this  gun,  and  its  ultimate 
destiny  is  also  unknown  to  me.  I  do  not 
expect  to  obtain  confirmation  of  the  last 
statement  made  by  Lambert. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

SPELLING  REFORM  IN  THE  SEVENTEENTH 
CENTURY.  (See  also  10  S.  vi.  266  ;  viii.  47.) 
— Here  is  another  spelling-reformer,  who 
worked  on  a  method,  and  on  a  considerable 
scale.  His  book  is  '  A  Rational  Catechism,' 
issued  anonymously  in  1687.  It  is  on 
natural  theology,  and  was  written  by  William 
Popple,  the  nephew  of  Andrew  Marvell, 
and  the  friend  of  John  Locke. 

e,  especially  final  e,  omitted : — abov,  believs, 
conceiv,  conserv,  deservs,  giv,  involv,  leav,  liv,  lov, 
observ,  perceiv,  preservs,  resolv,  selvs,  serv,  solv, 
ar,  argu,  accru,  acknowledg,  badg,  becaus,  becom, 
caus,  com,  continu,  determin,  doctrin,  don,  docil, 
dos  (does),  du,  ey,  eas,  issu,  judg,  ow,  pursu,  rais, 
som,  tru,  vertu,  valu,  therby,  therm,  therfore, 
therupon,  wherfore,  wherin. 

e,  final  added  :— behinde,  finde,  humane  (human), 
mankinde,  milde,  minde,  remindes. 

Final  of  double  consonants  omitted : — ad,  al, 
bal,  er,  fal,  fil,  ful,  il,  shal,  smal,  tel,  wil.  Also, 
milions,  begining. 

u  omitted : — favor,  honor,  indeavor,  labored, 
neighbor,  savior,  succor,  vapor. 

*  for  e :— inabling,  indeavor,  ingage,  injoined, 
in  joy  men  t,  in  tire. 

ys  for  ies : — bodys,  dutys,  imply  s,  tys. 

Also,  establisht,  discust ;  distributer ;  inconsistent, 
subsistance;  thou  wilst  (wilt) ;  fantom. 

W.  C.  B. 

"  HWINCA." — Some  English  palaeographers 
believe  that  the  confusion  found  in  early  MSS 
between  the  minuscule  letters  n  and  c  is  due 
to  phonetic  or  philological  causes  rather  than 
palseographical  ones ;  e.g.,  uiconia  (with 
n::u)  for  Uinouia  ;  mamucio  (with  am::anc) 
for  Mancunio  (rectius  Mamcunio).  These 
instances  occur  in  two  Paris  MSS.  of  '  Itine- 
rarium  Antonini  Augusti,'  belonging  to  the 
twelfth  and  ninth  centuries  respectively  ; 
edd.  Par  they  and  Pinder,  1848.  Cair  britoc 
for  Cair  Brithon,  i.e.,  Dumbarton,  occurs 
in  a  Vatican  MS.  of  the  eleventh  century, 
'  Nomina  Ciuitatum  apud  "  Historia  Brit- 
tonum,"  '  ed.  Mommsen,  '  Chronica  Minora,' 
iii.  211.  Bernicensi  (with  ni::ici)  stands  for 
Bericinensi  (Bede,  '  H.E.,'  IV.  vii.  p.  219), 
in  the  Namur  MS.  of  the  eighth  century. 

The  fact  that  n  and  c  collide,  or  displace 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  im]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


227 


one  another,  is  not,  of  course,  disputed. 
But  I  have  seen  it  definitely  denied  that  there 
is  a  form  of  c  which  can  be  mistaken  for  n. 
A  glance,  however,  at  plate  23,  part  ii.,  facing 
p.  115  of  tome  ii.  of  Dom  de  Vaines's  '  Dic- 
tionnaire  raisonne  de  Diplomatique  '  (Paris, 
1774),  will  remove  this  impression.  The 
particular  form  of  n  depicted  there  is  such 
that  the  more  usual  forms  of  c  resemble  it 
very  closely.  The  second  limb  of  the  letter 
is  involute  towards  the  first,  and  it  also 
suggests  confusion  with  p.  *  Dom  de  Vaines 
classified  this  form  as  "  Carlo vingienne," 
and  thereby  assigned  its  vogue  to  the  eighth 
and  ninth  centuries. 

Many  instances  of  n  misrepresenting  c 
could  be  given  ;  e.g.,  nau  for  Cau  ('  Vita 
Oildae  auct.  Caradoc,'  ed.  Mommsen,  u.s., 
p.  107  ;  from  the  C.C.C.C.,  MS.  No.  193, 
oaec.  XII.);  pandente  for  pandecte  (' Bedae 
Chronica,'  ed.  Mommsen,  ibid.,  p.  320 ; 
from  the  Milan  MS.  Ambros.  D.  30  inf., 
formerly  belonging  to  Bobbio,  Saec.  IX.)  ; 
Gloinestir  for  Gloicestir  (in  the  thirteenth 
century  MS.  '  Lebar  Brecc.,'  p.  94,  quoted  by 
Dr.  Whitley  Stokes,  *  Tripartite  Life  of 
Patrick,'  p.  505)  ;  and  Tunnacaestir  (with 
T::C)  for  Cuncacaestir  (Bede,  '  H.E.,'  IV. 
xxii.  p.  250).  To  these  must  now  be  added 
Hwinca,  one  of  the  folk-  or  land-names  in 
the  'Tribal  Hidage.'  This  form,  then, 
stands  for  Hwicca,  the  genitive  case  of 
Hwicce,  the  A.-S.  folk-name  meaning  the 
Hwiccas.  The  belief  that  Hwinca  misrepre- 
sents Hwinta,  and  denotes  a  district  in 
Hampshire,  is  not  tenable.  The  7,000  hides 
allotted  to  the  Hwiccas  indicate  that  their 
country  was  about  as  large  as  Essex  or  Sussex, 
both  which  kingdoms  had  7,000  families. 
The  position  of  Hwiccaland  is  well  known  : 
compare  Mr.  Plummer's  '  Bede,'  ii.  74,  and 
his  '  Two  Chronicles  Parallel,'  ii.  95,  197. 
ALFRED  ANSCOMBE. 

FIFTEENTH  LIGHT  DRAGOONS. — Outside  a 
public-house  w  ith  the  sign  of  "  The  Flying 
Horse,"  in  the  Borough,  not  far  from  St. 
O  eorge's  Church,   the  following  inscription 
is  painted  : — 

"  A  century  ago  |  the  old  |  Enlisting  House  |  of 
the  15th  (or  King's)  |  Regiment  |  of  Light  Dragoons 
|  in  the  Year  1804." 

On  turning  to  the  official  history  of  the 
regiment,  we  find  on  p.  70  :— 

"In  June,  1804,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  the 
vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  and  was  reviewed  on  the 
12th  or  that  month  on  Wimbledon  Common." 

AYEAHR. 


*  Cf.    the   so-called   Carlovingian  p,    plate   25, 
tome  ii.  p.  159. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


N.  LE  FEVRE,  CHEMIST  TO  CHARLES  II. — 
Mr.  Gordon  Goodwin  publishes  in  the  '  Dic- 
tionary of  National  Biography  '  (vol.  xxxii. 
p.  399)  a  notice  of  Nicasius  or  Nicolas  Le 
Fevre,  in  which  he  states  that  an  engraved 
portrait  exists  of  this  chemist,  who  was  a 
fellow  of  the  Royal  Society.  He  adds  the 
following  reference :  "  Evans,  '  Cat.  of 
Engraved  Portraits,'  ii.  150."  This  portrait 
of  Le  Fevre  cannot  be  found  either  at  the 
British  Museum  or  the  Royal  Society.  Can 
any  reader  state  where  it  is  to  be  seen  ? 

The  name  of  Le  Fevre  is  perhaps  more 
correctly  spelt  Le  Febvre,  the  latter  being 
the  orthography  adopted  by  him  in  his 
publications.  He  was  * '  Chymist  to  the  King ' ' 
(Charles  II.)  in  1660-68,  and  was  buried 
in  St.  Martin' s-in-the-Fields. 

DR.  DORVEAUX. 

Superior  School  of  Pharmacy,  Paris. 

KING  CHARLES  THE  MARTYR. — Among 
Ebs worth's  papers  I  have  found  the  following 
cutting  from  The  Liverpool  Daily  Post  of  the 
27th  of  February,  1897,  and  at  the  back 
is  a  note  written  by  Ebsworth :  "Dr. 
Richard  Garnett  died  in  his  71st  year  at 
London  on  the  morning  of  Good  Friday, 
13  April,  1906."  I  should  like  to  know 
if  the  lines  are  by  Dr.  Garnett.  The  editor 
of  the  Daily  Post  has  kindly  made  search 
for  me,  but  cannot  trace  the  author.  Perhaps 
some  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  be  able  to 
settle  my  doubts. 

"  KING  CHARLES  THE  MARTYR. — The  revival  of 
the  Stuart  cultus  has  reached  Pennsylvania,  and 
has  led  some  American  Episcopalians,  with  the 
sanction  of  their  bishop,  to  put  in  a  Philadelphian 
church  a  window  dedicated  to  the  memory  of 
'  King  Charles  the  Martyr.'  Not  far  from  it  is  the 
City  Hall,  the  dome  of  which  is  surmounted  by  a 
gigantic  statue  of  William  Penn.  Hereupon  a 
humourist  has  imagined  this  dialogue : — 

Quoth  William  Penn  to  Martyr  Charles 

'  You'll  scarcely  feel  at  home 
Down  there  upon  a  window-pane 

While  I  enjoy  the  dome. 
'  Let  me  step  down  and  out,  I  pray, 

And  you  be  patron  saint. 
A  Friend  ought  not  to  stand  in  bronze, 

And  leave  a  King  in  paint.' 
Quoth  Martyr  Charles  to  William  Penn, 

'  'Tis  best  to  let  things  be  ; 
They  're  used  to  looking  up  at  you, 
And  they  can  see  through  me.'" 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 


228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 


HOLBEACH  CHURCH  :  KNIGHT'S  HEAD 
BESTING  ON  LADY'S  BODY. — In  the  fine 
church  at  Holbeach  in  the  Fens  is  a  hand- 
some monument  in  the  north-east  corner, 
bearing  the  effigy  of  a  recumbent  knight 
in  armour.  His  head  is  reposing  on  the 
body  of  a  woman,  and  the  notes  provided 
for  visitors  state  that  though  a  pillow  was 
generally  adopted  for  this  purpose,  it  was 
not  uncommon  for  such  monuments  to  be 
erected  with  the  head  of  the  recumbent 
figure  resting  on  the  stomach  of  a  man  or 
woman.  No  one  of  our  party  could  recall 
another  such  instance,  and  I  turn  to 
'  N.  &  Q.'  in  the  hope  of  gathering  some 
further  information.  Particularly  one 
would  like  to  know  whether  the  substitute 
for  the  pillow  usually  bore  some  relation 
to  the  deceased  person.  In  the  case  in 
question  the  woman's  head  is  evidently 
sculptured  to  life,  and  the  face  is  more  strik- 
ing, and  probably  a  more  accurate  repre- 
sentation, than  that  of  the  knight. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Sedgeford  Hall,  Norfolk. 

CAMPBELL  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  THE 
NAME. — Is  there  any  one  living  who  heard 
the  poet  Campbell  pronounce  his  own  name, 
or  who  knows  how  he  did  pronounce  it  ? 
Did  he  pronounce  it  Campbell,  or  Cam-bell, 
or  Camel  ?  D.  M. 

Salida,  Colorada. 

"  SKALINGES  "  :  "  SCABULONIOUS." — 
What  is  the  meaning  of  skalinges  and  of 
scabulonious  (cloaks)  ?  The  words  occur  in 
the  Report  of  the  five  bishops  on  '  Church 
Ornaments'  (1908),  p.  81,  and  are  quoted 
from  Articles  of  Inquiry  issued  by  Bishop 
Barnes  of  Durham,  apparently  about  1580. 

G.  C. 

Billesdon. 

RICHARD  SAINTHILL. — Can  any  one  send 
me  direct  particulars  of  this  antiquary, 
who  resided  at  Topsham  in  Devon,  and  wrote 
several  privately  printed  books  ?  When 
and  where  was  he  born  and  educated  ? 
when  and  where  did  he  die  ?  and  where  was 
he  buried  ?  A  list  of  his  works  and  any 
references  to  portraits,  letters,  &c.,  would 
be  of  interest. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
78,  Church  Street,  Lancaster. 

ANTHONY  MERRY,  STATESMAN. — Can  any 
one  give  me  the  parentage  and  family  of 
this  gentleman  ?  He  was  appointed  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  the  following  dates :  1802  to  France 
1  803  to  the  U.S.A.,  1807  to  Denmark,  and 


1808  to  Sweden.  He  married  in  1803  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  John  Leathes  of  Herringfleet 
Hall,  Suffolk,  and  died  14  June,  1835,  at 
Dedham  House,  Essex.  His  arms  wer& 
Gu.,  on  a  fesse  engr.  between  three  water- 
bougets  or,  a  cross  formee  sa.,  charged  with 
five  bezants  between  two  cloves  of  the  second, 

A.  E.  S. 

GREENWICH  HOSPITAL  PENSIONERS  : 
LIEUT.  GEORGE  SPEARING.  —  I  should  be 
much  obliged  if  any  one  could  tell  me 
whether  there  is  a  list,  with  any  details 
as  to  parentage,  &c.,  kept  of  the  pen- 
sioners in  Greenwich  Hospital.  I  should 
be  deeply  grateful  for  any  information 
about  Lieut.  George  Spearing,  R.N.,. 
who  was  born  17  Sept.,  1728  ;  was  in 
Greenwich  Hospital  in  August,  1793,  when 
he  wrote  an  account  of  his  sufferings  in 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine ;  and  was  still 
an  inmate  of  the  Hospital  in  September, 
1808,  when  the  death  of  his  eldest  son  is. 
recorded  in  The  Naval  Chronicle. 

F.  UPFIELD  GREEN. 

8,  Brarnshill  Road,  Harlesden,  N.W. 

ARMS  OF  ENGLISH  ROMAN  CATHOLIC 
BISHOPS. — '  The  Westminster  Calendar  for 
1908,'  published  by  the  Art  and  Book  Com- 
pany, gives  illustrations  of  the  arms  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Westminster  and  of  all  the 
Catholic  bishops  of  England.  In  nearly 
every  case  the  arms  given  are  those  of  the 
bishop's  own  family.  Southwark  has  Argent 
on  a  saltire  gules  a  key  or  and  a  sword  argent 
hilted  or,  which  seem  to  be  the  arms  of  the 
diocese.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  where- 
illustrations  of  the  arms  of  the  other  dioceses, 
are  to  be  found.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

"  WILLIAM  THE   CONQUEROR  TEN   SIXTY- 
SIX."— At  9  S.  xi.  330  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE  asked 
where  he  could  find  the  rime  of  the  kings- 
and  queens  of  England  commencing, 
William  the  Conqueror  ten  sixty  six 
Played  the  Saxons  some  shabby  tricks. 

I  am  unable  to  find  any  reply  to  his  query. 
Does  not  one  among  your  readers  know  where 
these  lines  may  be  found  ?  CROSS  PATTE. 

[MR.  PAGE'S  query  arose  out  of  a  discussion  on. 
John  Collins's  more  familiar  lines  beginning, 

The  Romans  in  England  awhile  did  sway, 
n  which  the  Conqueror  is  disposed  of  in  the  single 
ine, 

Bold  Willie  the  Conqueror  long  did  reign. 
The  Chapter  of  Kings'  is  printed  in  full  at  3  S.  v_ 
£  (2  Jan.  1864),  where  will  be  found  interesting 
articles  on  Collins  by  WILLIAM  BATEsand  CUTHBERT 
:$EDE — two  gentlemen  whose  signatures  were 
amiliar  for  many  years  to  reade  rs  of  '  N.  &  Q.'] 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


229 


LOBD  DE  TABLEY. — A  friend  of  min 
has  a  portrait  of  him  in  oils,  painted  by 
Henry  Thompson  about  ninety  years  ago 
The  features  resemble  Lord  Lyt ton's  when 
a  young  man.  It  is  known  that  prints  oJ 
Thompson's  portrait  are  in  existence,  but 
their  whereabouts  are  unknown.  Are  any 
in  the  Print-Room  of  the  B.M.,  or  can  they 
be  procured  from  any  publishing  house  1 
Perhaps  some  kind  reader  of  *  N.  &  Q  " 
will  give  me  the  required  information. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 
Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

SAMUEL  WINTER,  PROVOST  or  TRINITY 
COLLEGE,  DUBLIN. — He  had  five  sons  by 
his  first  wife,  viz.,  Samuel,  Daniel,  Christo- 
pher, Ebenezer,  and  Gonought  [sic].  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  the  wives  and  issue 
of  these  five  sons.  C.  M.  TENISON. 

West  Byfleet,  Surrey. 

SKYLARKS  IN  ORKNEY. — In  chap.  i.  of 
'  The  Pirate '  Scott  makes  Magnus  Troil 
speak  of  "  the  skylark  which  I  once  heard 
in  Caithness."  Why  should  he  need  to  go 
as  far  south  as  Caithness  ?  The  skylark 
is  very  common  in  this  part  of  Orkney. 
Was  it  not  so  in  Scott's  day  ? 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness. 

LIZZIE  DOTEN'S  POEM  '  Is  LIFE  WORTH 
LIVING  ?  ' — This  is  said  to  have  appeared 
in  a  volume  of  Great  Thoughts,  p.  560,  but 
the  particular  volume  cannot  at  present 
be  traced.  Will  some  one  give  me  the 
reference  ?  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Lona:  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

MARY,  QUEEN  OF  SCOTS,  AT  LEITH. — 
I  have  before  me  a  print,  about  24  in.  by 
18  in.,  entitled  '  The  Landing  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  at  Leith,  1561,'  painted 
by  William  Allan,  R.A.,  engraved  by  J.  G. 
Murray,  and  published  1st  June,  1836,  by 
M.  Parkes,  22,  Golden  Square. 

I  am  told  that  there  is  a  key  to  this  print, 
giving  the  names  of  the  principal  people 
portrayed.  Can  anybody  tell  me  if  this 
is  the  case,  and  if  so,  where  a  copy  of  the 
key  can  be  seen  ? 

GEORGE  S.  C.  SWINTON. 
2,  Hyde  Park  Street,  W. 

FIRST  CROSSING  OF  AFRICA  :  LEONE 
VIVALDI. — Capt.  E.  A.  d'Albertis,  in  his 
recent  book  *  In  Africa  :  Victoria  Nyanza 
e  Benadir,'  published  at  Bergamo  (reviewed 
in  The  Journal  of  the  African  Society,  vi. 
1907,  pp.  439-40),  "  reminds  us  that  Leone 
Vivaldi  was  probably  the  first  European 


to  cross  the  African  continent  from  west  to 
east,  reaching  Makdishu  about  the  close 
of  the  eleventh  century."  I  do  not  re- 
member to  have  previously  seen  any  mention 
of  this  important  journey  in  the  history  of 
African  exploration.  Where  can  an  account 
of  his  travels  be  found  ?  Mr.  Raymond 
Beazley,  in  his  '  Dawn  of  Modern  Geography ,' 
1906,  iii.  414,  tells  us  that  Vivaldo,  a  Genoese, 
sailed  beyond  Cape  Nun,  on  the  west  coast 
of  Africa,  in  1291,  a  couple  of  centuries 
after  the  time  of  his  above-mentioned  name- 
sake. FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

HIGH  TREASON  AND  ITS  PUNISHMENT. — 
Is  it  known  when  the  terrible  punishment 
which  was  formerly  inflicted  on  those 
guilty  of  high  treason  who  were  not  peers 
of  the  realm  first  came  into  use  in  England  ? 
Sir  William  Wallace  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  victim,  but  I  have  seen  no  satis- 
factory evidence  of  this.  The  last  sufferers 
by  this  mode  of  torture  were,  I  think,  the 
prisoners  put  to  death  at  York,  Carlisle, 
and  near  London  for  having  fought  on  the 
losing  side  in  the  civil  war  of  1745.  Were 
there  any  other  places  in  England  or  Scotland 
where  similar  executions  took  place  ?  and 
are  lists  of  the  sufferers  to  be  found  either 
in  print  or  manuscript  ? 

Can  any  one  furnish  a  reference  to  the 
Act  of  Parliament  by  which  this  method 
of  torture  was  abolished  ?  I  am  anxious 
to  find  the  exact  words  of  the  sentence, 
either  in  English  or  Latin — preferably  in 
both.  They  do  not,  so  far  as  I  can  find, 
occur  in  my  copy  of  Blackstone's  '  Commen- 
baries.'  I  once  came  upon  the  sentence 
in  the  latter  language  in  a  book  published 
soon  after  the  Restoration,  but  cannot  now 
call  to  mind  either  title  or  author. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

[The  punishment  for  high  treason  has  been  dis 
cussed  at  great  length  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  by  NEMO  and 
others.  See  6  S.  i.  371,  431,  476 ;  ii.  269,  523 ;  iii. 
237;  iv.  173;  v.  9,  156;  7  S.  xi.  344,  502;  xii.  129; 
8  S.  vii.  27,  97,  170.  The  second  part  of  the  query 

•nswered  in  anticipation  in  SIB  HARRY  POLAND'S 
reply,  post,  p.  236.  We  do  not  want  descriptions 
n  full  of  the  unpleasant  details  of  such  punish- 
ments.! 

"  HORS  D'CEUVRE." — When  passing  a  book 

hrough  the  press  lately,  I  found  nay  printer 

orrecting  my  "  an  hors  d?ozuvre  "  into  "  a 

hors  d'ceuvre"    This  set  me  making  inquiries 

as  to  the  custom  of  others  in  the  pronun- 

dation   of   the   word.     One  friend  told  me 

hat   he  sounded  the  aspirate,  because  the 

Trench  aspirated  it.     Another,  a  professed 

French     scholar,     denied     that      this     was 

he  French  habit,  and  therefore  made  the  h 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  im 


silent  in  English.  Funk  &  Wagnalls's  1905 
dictionary  recognizes  no  option,  and  omits 
the  h  (as  also  in  hors  de  combat/).  The 
*  N.E.D.'  also  recognizes  no  option  of  pro- 
nunciation, and  sounds  the  h  (as  also  in 
hors  de  combat).  The  examples  it  quotes, 
however,  seem  to  contradict  this,  for  while 
two  hundred  years  ago  Walpole  wrote  "  a 
hors  d'ceuvre,"  the  last  example  from  The 
Pall  Mall  Gazette  has  "  an  hors  d'ceuvre" 
A  third  friend,  older  than  the  others,  pooh- 
poohed  contemptuously  the  possibility  of 
any  one  ever  sounding  the  h.  I  next  tried 
Littre.  He  writes  that  many  have  said  the 
h  was  silent  in  French,  but  that  it  is  not  so. 
Finally  I  asked  a  lady  and  gentleman,  hus- 
band and  wife,  both  English  on  the  father's 
side  and  French  on  the  mother's.  Both 
sounded  the  h  in  French  and  in  English. 
Is  it  possible  to  ascertain  what  is  the  most 
widely  accepted  pronunciation  of  the  word 
in  English  to-day  ?  T.  NICKLIN. 

Rossall  School.  Fleetwood. 

DATE  OF  PLATE. — I  have  two  pieces  of 
plate,  each  stamped  with  four  marks  as 
follows  : — 

1.  M  ;     F  ;     a   lion   passant   gardant ;     a 
leopard's  face  crowned. 

2.  R  ;     W.B.  ;     a   lion   passant   gardant  ; 
a  leopard's  face  crowned. 

Can  some  one  give  me  the  dates  ? 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut. -Col. 
18,  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne. 

BANISHMENT  CERTIFICATE. — The  Aberdeen 
Journal  states  that  Mary  Gordon,  Dundee, 
was  banished  from  Scotland  for  theft 
28  Jan.,  1789,  "  with  the  usual  certificates." 
What  were  these  certificates  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

SUSSEX  ARMS. — I  should  be  glad  to  know 
whether  the  county  of  Sussex  has  any 
armorial  bearings  ;  and  if  so,  what  they  are. 

P.  M. 

GORMANSTON  FAMILY.— At  St.  James's, 
Westminster,  was  buried,  22  Oct.,  1733, 
"  Margaret,  Viscountess  Dow.  Gormanstown." 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  who  this 
lady  was  ?  G.  E.  C.  (may  he  live  for  ever  !) 
says  in  a  note,  '  Complete  Peerage,'  iv.  58, 
that  "  her  identity  is  not  very  clear,"  and 
she  apparently  has  no  place  in  the  pedigree. 
The  seventh  Viscount  Gormanston  married 
as  his  second  wife,  in  Nov.,  1683,  Margaret 
Molyneux,  daughter  of  the  third  Viscount 
Molyneux.  Lord  Gormanston  died  1 7  March 
1690/91.  His  widow  married,  10  March, 
1692,  James  Butler  of  co.  Tipperary.  She  is 
said  to  have  remarried  Rob.  Casey.  She 


died  2  Sept.,  1711,  according  to  her  coffin- 
plate.  She  could  not,  therefore,  have  married 
thirdly  Robert  Casey,  for  her  husband  Butler 
did  not  die  till  3  Jan.,  1738,  having  married 
Mary  Dennis  after  Lady  Gormanston' s  death. 
Lodge  says  that  Robert  Casey  was  her  second 
lusband,  which  is  not  possible  either.  Could 
Uasey  have  married  the  unidentified  Dowager 
Viscountess  Margaret  ?  C.  M.  TENISON. 


JUpius* 


ACCESSION  AND  CORONATION  COINS 
AND    MEDALS. 
(10  S.  x.  130,  190.) 

I  TAKE  the  following  from  the  '  Thirty- 
Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Deputy  Master 
and  Comptroller  of  the  Mint,  1902  '  (Parlia- 
mentary Paper  Cd.  1664  of  1903)  :— 

'  On  the  occasion  of  His  Majesty's  Coronation 
the  design  of  the  medal  was  prepared  by  Mr.  De 
Saulles,  the  Mint  Engraver.  The  medal  was  struck 
in  two  sizes,  the  larger  being  produced  in  gold, 
silver,  and  bronze,  the  smaller  in  gold  and  silver 
only.  The  diameter  of  the  larger  medal  was 
2^  inches,  and  its  weight  in  fine  gold  and  silver 
about  3  oz.  troy,  and  in  bronze  about  3  oz.  avoir- 
dupois. The  diameter  of  the  smaller  medal  was 
1£  inches,  and  its  weight  in  fine  gold  about 
265;j  grains,  and  in  fine  silver  about  200  grains. 
The  obverse  of  the  medal  bears  His  Majesty's 
effigy,  consisting  of  head  and  bust,  wearing  the 
Imperial  Crown  and  the  Robe  of  State  with 
the  Collar  of  the  Garter,  and  the  Badge  of  the 
Bath,  and  looking  to  the  right,  with  the  legend 
EDWARD  vn.  CROWNED  9  .  AUGUST  1902.  The  re- 
verse  bears  the  effigy  of  Her  Majesty  Queen  Alex- 
andra crowned,  with  veil,  and  looking  also  to  the 
right,  with  the  legend  ALEXANDRA  QUEEN  CON- 
SORT .  9  .  AUG.  1902."— P.  1.9. 

Medals  bearing  the  date  originally  fixed 
for  the  Coronation  were  returned  for  re- 
melting.  This  occasioned  delay,  and  the 
first  issue  of  the  existing  medals  did  not 
take  place  until  15  August,  six  days  after 
the  Coronation.  The  number  of  medals 
applied  for  was  smaller  than  had  been 
anticipated.  Possibly  there  are  some  still 
to  be  obtained  from  the  Mint.  If  I  remember 
rightly,  one  applied  for  them  in  1902  through 
one's  banker  to  the  Bank  of  England. 

"Towards  the  close  of  the  year  a  medal  was  pre- 
pared by  Command  of  His  Majesty  for  issue  at  the 
Coronation  Durbar,  held  at  Delhi  in  January.  The 
King  was  pleased  to  direct  that,  for  the  obverse, 
the  effigy  approved  by  His  Majesty  for  the  Corona- 
tion medal  should  be  used,  and  inscribed  'ED- 
WARD vii  DELHI  DARBAR  1903.'  On  the  reverse  is 
an  Arabic  inscription  with  date,  encircled  by  a 
broad  floral  border.  The  translation  of  the  in- 
scription is  as  follows  : — '  By  favour  of  the  King  of 
the  Country  Edward  VII  Emperor  of  India  1901.' " 
-P.  20. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


231 


The  obverse  and  the  reverse  of  the  Corona- 
tion medal,  and  the  reverse  of  the  Delhi 
medal,  are  given  on  a  plate  accompanying 
the  letterpress. 

"  A  medal  was  also  struck  for  distribution  to  the 
Metropolitan  and  City  Police  in  commemoration  of 
the  Coronation.  The  obverse  bears  the  King's 
effigy  specially  designed  by  Mr.  G.  W.  De  Saulles 
by  Command  of  the  King,  and  is  somewhat  similar 
to  that  of  the  Coronation  medal,  but  faces  to  the 
left,  and  is  inscribed  *  EDWARDUS  vu  BEX  IM- 
PEBATOR.'  On  the  reverse  is  a  crown  resting  on 
crossed  branches  of  oak  and  olive,  above  which  is 
inscribed,  *  CORONATION  OF  HIS  MAJESTY  KING 
EDWARD  vu  1902.'  Surrounding  the  inscription, 
and  on  a  raised  margin,  the  different  branches  of 
the  Police  Service  are  indicated,  namely,  '  City  of 
London  Police,'  *  Metropolitan  Police,'  *  Police 
Ambulance  Service,'  and  '  St.  John's  Ambulance 
Brigade.'"— P.  20. 

Both  sides  of  this  medal  (Metropolitan 
Police)  are  given  on  a  plate. 

Sets  of  specimen  coins  bearing,  for  the 
first  time,  the  effigy  of  His  Majesty — agreeing 
with  the  list  given  in  the  query,  the  copper 
(i.e.  bronze)  coins  excepted — were  supplied 
to  the  public  at  IQL,  or  with  a  case  10Z.  6s. 
Similar  sets,  minus  the  five-pound  and  two- 
pound  pieces,  cost  21.  12s.  Qd.  ;  with  a  case, 
5s.  more.  In  the  lists  the  fourpenny,  three- 
penny, twopenny,  and  penny  pieces  are 
given  as  "  Maundy  "  money  (p.  21). 

Five-pound  and  two-pound  pieces 
"  were  issued  on  two  occasions  during  the  reign  of 
Her  late  Majesty,  in  1887  and  1893,  when  new  de- 
signs were  adopted  for  the  coinage,  but,  as  there 
is  no  demand  for  them  for  general  circulation,  the 
amounts  coined  have  been  inconsiderable."— P.  6. 

"On  the  two  previous  occasions  (in  1887  and 
1893)  when  specimen  coins  were  struck  at  the  Mint, 
highly  polished  dies  were  used,  and  consequently 
the  coins  bore  bright  surfaces." — P.  22. 
For  the  1902  coinage  "  it  was  decided  that 
the  best  results  would  be  obtained  by  the 
use  of  unpolished  dies"  (p.  22).  I  think  that 
unpolished  dies  must  have  been  used  for  the 
Coronation  medals. 

The  demand  for  specimen  sets  of  coins 
in  1902  was  unprecedented  : — 


sum  of  10.081/.  11s.  3d.  was  realised.  In  1893  the 
total  number  of  complete  sets  sold  was  773,  in 
addition  to  539  sets  of  silver  coins  only,  represent- 
ing altogether  10,964  pieces,  of  a  total  value,  in- 
cluding silver  coins,  of  9,763/.  2s.  6d." 

In  1903,  on  the  31st  of  March,  when  the 
list  of  applications  for  specimen  sets  of  the 
1902  coinage 

"was  closed,  although  some  applicants  still  re- 
mained unsupplied,  the  issue  amounted  to  14,935 
sets,  representing  no  less  than  180,133  coins  in  all. 
of  the  value  of  100,880^.  15s.  6d."— P.  22. 


The  separate  amounts  of  the  complete  sets 
(101.)  and  the  incomplete  sets  (21.  12s.  Qd.) 
are  not  given. 

An  addition  to  the  Mint  Museum  is  men- 
tioned, viz.,  a  specimen  of  the  medal  given 
by  Sir  Augustus  Prevost,  Bart.,  to  the 
officers  and.  men  of  the  25th  Middlesex 
Rifle  Volunteer  Corps  (Bank  of  England), 
to  commemorate  the  Coronation,  which 
took  place  during  his  Governorship. 

"  The  obverse  represents  the  effigies  of  the  King 
and  Queen  Alexandra,  the  reverse  bearing  the 
figure  of  Britannia  (the  Badge  of  the  Bank  of 
England)  and  an  appropriate  inscription." — Pp.  23, 

<£*X« 

In  the  *  Thirty-Fifth  Annual  Report  of 
the  Deputy  Master  and  Comptroller  of  the 
Mint,  1904  '  (Parliamentary  Paper  Cd.  2588, 
1905),  is  a  statement  giving  particulars 
of  the  various  coins,  medals,  &c.,  sent  by 
the  Lords  Commissioners  of  His  Majesty's 
Treasury  to  the  St.  Louis  Exhibition,  1904 
(pp.  20,  21).  There  is  no  mention  of  any 
Jubilee  medal,  although  there  was  a  com- 
plete set  of  Coronation  medals  (1546-1902), 
and  even  Board  of  Trade  life-saving  medals 
"  bearing  the  effigies  of  Her  late  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria  and  of  His  Majesty  King 
Edward  VII."  I  gather  from  the  above, 
inter  alia,  that  there  was  no  special  coinage 
in  1897,  and  that  no  medals  were  issued 
by  the  Mint  in  either  1887  or  1897. 

The  price  of  the  Thirty-Third  Report 
was  Is.  Id.,  and  that  of  the  Thirty-Fifth 
Is.  8d.  The  former  could  be  got  from  Eyre 
&  Spottiswoode,  the  latter  from  Wyman  & 
Sons,  Limited.  Both  reports  have  excellent 
plates,  e.g.,  the  latter  has  the  Seal  of  the 
United  Kingdom  with  the  Common  Seal, 
and  the  Counter-Seals  of  Ireland  and  Scot- 
land, &c. 

P.  S.  King  &  Son,  Orchard  House,  2  and 
4,  Great  Smith  Street,  Westminster,  are 
dealers  in  second-hand  and  bygone  Parlia- 
mentary papers.  I  have  not  the  Reports 
for  1887  and  1897.  ROBERT  PIEBPOINT. 

I  have  pleasure  in  informing  BARRTJLE 
that  the  Scottish  Patriotic  Association, 
Glasgow,  struck  a  Protest  Medal,  of  which 
the  following  is  a  brief  description  : — 

Material. — White  aluminium. 

Size. — 1£  inches  in  diameter. 

Obverse. — Bas-relief  portraits  of  the  King 
and  Queen,  and  inscription  :  KING  EDWARD 

FIRST NOT  SEVENTH OF  BRITAIN  AND  THE 

BRITISH  EMPIRE.  QUEEN  ALEXANDRA. 

Reverse. — Bas-relief  shield  with  Scoto- 
British  royal  quarterings,  floral  emblem 
with  thistle,  rose,  and  shamrock,  and  the 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  im 


date  of  coronation.     Inscription  :    "IN  DE- 
FENCE "   OF   SCOTLAND'S  NATIONAL  BIGHTS 

AND  HONOUR. 

Large  numbers  of  this  unique  medal 
were  sold  in  the  year  of  His  Majesty's 
coronation,  and  specimens  were  obtained 
by  various  museums  in  Britain.  A  few  are 
still  for  sale  at  a  nominal  price,  and  may 
be  had  from  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the 
Scottish  Patriotic  Association,  179,  West 
George  Street,  Glasgow,  or  from  the  under- 
signed. D.  GLEN  MACKEMMIE. 
9,  Smith  Street,  Billhead,  Glasgow. 


WATERLOO  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION  (10  S.  x. 
190). — Surely  it  is  understood  that  the 
English  pronunciation  of  foreign  names 
has  nothing  to  do  with  the  correct  pronuncia- 
tion of  the  same — meaning  by  "  correct  " 
the  pronunciation  of  the  native  inhabitants. 
No  one  in  England  pronounces  Paris  as  a 
Frenchman  would.  This  was  remarkably 
exemplified  in  the  late  Boer  war.  Many 
who  were  wholly  unaware  that  the  English 
word  boor  was  merely  borrowed  from  the 
Dutch  boer  (in  which  oe  has  its  usual 
sound  of  the  English  oo  in  cool)  often  talked 
of  the  "  Bo-ers,"  riming  with  goers,  i.e., 
people  who  go. 

The  latest  book  that  treats  of  Latin 
etymology  is  that  by  Walde  ;  and  his  article 
upon  the  word  lucus  is  worth  giving.  I  here 
translate  the  whole  of  it,  omitting  his  refer- 
ences : — 

"  Liicus,  a  grove,  probably  a  clearing  (compare 
particularly  collucdre,  to  make  light,  to  clear  or 
thin  a  forest)  [see  Lewis  and  Short] ;  Oscan  luvkei, 
in  a  grove;  cf.  Skt.  loka-s,  free  room,  space; 
Lithuanian  laukas,  field,  open  space ;  Old  Hi»h 
German  loh,  an  overgrown  clearing,  low  brusn- 
wood,  also  found  in  place-names  such  as  Water-loo, 
&c.;  A.-.S.  leak  [E.  lea],  Old  Icel.  Id;  allied  to 
lucere,  to  shine." 

It  is  clear  that  Crabbe  simply  adopted 
the  Flemish  instead  of  the  English  pronun- 
ciation. WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Waterloo  is  a  Dutch  or  Flemish  name, 
and  as  pronounced  by  Belgians  it  rimes 
with  the  English  words  "  barter  low."  Crabbe 
is  therefore  quite  correct  in  riming  it  to 
"  foe  "  ;  but  of  course  the  name  was  soon 
anglicized. 

A  similar  fate  has  befallen  the  name 
Ostend.  The  original  spelling  was  Oostende, 
the  double  vowel  having  the  same  sound  as 
in  the  termination  -loo.  The  inhabitants 
still  pronounce  it  with  O  long,  in  marked 
contrast  to  the  English  visitors,  who  pro- 
nounce it  with  O  short.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 


In  the  Netherlands  oo  is  pronounced  as 
our  broad  o,  so  that  Crabbe  would  strictly 
be  correct,  though  precision  requires  that 
W  should  become  V.  The  name  of  the 
place  is  due,  I  believe,  to  local  aridity, 
German  Wasserlos. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

Crabbe,  being  a  Suffolk  man  who  lived 
a  hundred  years  ago,  would  probably  pro- 
nounce "  foe  "  as  "  foo,"  and  Waterloo  as 
it  is  spelt. 

I  have  heard  a  well-educated  Suffolk  man 
say,  only  sixty  years  ago  :  "  Noobody  would 
know  that  I  come  from  Suffolk  if  tha  warn't 
towd  on  it."  W.  SCARGILL. 

Colchester. 

SMALLPOX  HOSPITAL  IN  1804  :  ALEXANDRA 
INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  BLIND  (10  S.  x.  187). — 
The  Smallpox  Hospital  was  situate  at  King's 
Cross  (then  known  as  Battle  Bridge),  and 
was  built  in  1 7  9  3-4.  It  was  demolished  about 
1850,  and  upon  its  site  now  stands  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  Station,  built  by  Mr. 
Lewis  Cubitt  in  1852.  An  easily  accessible 
view  of  the  hospital  (from  a  print  of  1800) 
is  in  Thornbury  and  Walford's  '  London,' 
v.  361. 

The  Alexandra  Institution  for  the  Blind 
was  founded  in  Queen  Square  in  1865  : 
the  name  is,  however,  not  to  be  found  in 
recent  issues  of  Fry's  '  London  Charities  ' 
or  of  '  The  Post  Office  Directory.' 

F.  J.  HYTCH. 

The  Smallpox  Hospital  was  established 
early  in  the  reign  of  George  III.  in  Charlotte 
Street,  Fitzroy  Square.  Then  it  was  removed 
to  King's  Cross.  When  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  wanted  the  site,  the  hospital  was 
removed  to  Highgate,  where  it  now  is.  The 
date  of  its  removal  from  Charlotte  Street 
to  King's  Cross  could  doubtless  be  ascertained 
from  the  Clerk  to  the  Metropolitan  Asylums 
Board.  S.  D.  C. 

WILLIAM  CROWMER  :  WATTS  FAMILY  OF 
SUSSEX  (10  S.  x.  149). — Possibly  the  follow- 
ing stray  notes  on  the  family  of  Crowmer 
may  be  of  interest  to  your  correspondent. 

On  Friday,  3  July,  1450,  Lord  Say  was 
seized  by  Jack  Cade  and  his  rout  and  be- 
headed. About  the  same  time  William 
Crowmer,  Sheriff  of  Kent,  Say's  son-in-law^ 
who  was  execrated  as  the  instrument  of 
extortionate  taxation,  was  seized  and  brought 
to  Mile  End,  where  he  was  beheaded  in 
Cade's  presence.  The  heads  of  Say  and 
Crowmer  were  then  carried  through  the 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


233 


streets  upon  poles,  and  made  to  kiss  each 
other.  Shakespeare  ( '  2  Henry  VI.,'  IV.  vii. ), 
following  Hall,  mistakes  William  for  Sir 
James  Cromer  or  Crowmer.  James  Fiennes, 
Lord  Say  and  Sele,  himself  married  Emoline 
Cromer.  The  notorious  Cade  was  slain 
('  2  Henry  VI.,'  IV.  x.)  by  Alexander  Iden, 
"  esquire  of  Kent,"  who  not  only  succeeded 
Crowmer  as  Sheriff  of  Kent,  but  also  married 
his  widow — Lord  Say's  daughter. 

In  Tunstall  Church,  Kent,  is  an  inscription 
to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  James  Crowmer, 
wife  of  John  Rycyls,  h.  of  the  manor  of 
Eslyngham,  1496  (see  Rev.  H.  Haines's 
'  Monumental  Brasses,'  1861,  ii.  106,  109, 
213).  Sir  James  Crowmer  was  knighted 
by  Edward  IV.  on  the  field  of  Tewkesbury 
after  the  battle,  4  May,  1471. 

Robert  Crowmer  was  deputy  for  the  Earl 
of  Oxford  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk.  On  1 2  July 
1495,  he  writes  to  Sir  John  Paston,  thanking 
him  for  his  timely  aid  to  the  town  of  Yar- 
mouth on  the  dispersion  of  Warbeck's  fleet 
after  the  attempt  at  Deal  (see  '  The  Paston 
Letters,'  ed.  Dr.  James  Gairdner,  1897,  iii.  10, 
379,  387). 

Sir  Henry  Isley  of  Sundrish,  Sheriff  of 
Kent  1543  and  1552,  executed  at  Maidstone, 
1554,  for  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt's  rebellion, 
married  Cicely,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Cromer  of  Tunstall,  Kent,  Sheriff  of  the 
county  1504  and  1510. 

Stephen  Ellis  of  Kennington,  gent.,  married 
Grace,  3rd  dau.  and  coheiress  of  John,  second 
son  of  Sir  James  Cromer  of  Tunstall,  Kt. 

A  chevron  engrailed  between  three  birds, 
a  crescent  for  difference,  are  the  arms  of 
Cromer. 

In  Thomas  Wall's  *  Book  of  Crests  '  (The 
Ancestor,  xii.  64,  71)  are  given  :  "  Cromer 
of  Yarmouth,  who  beryth  to  his  crest  a 
crowe  sable  in  a  wreth  silver  and  geules 
manteled  b.  doubled  ar.,"  and,  among  those 
knighted  by  Henry  VIII.,  "  Cromer  beryth 
to  his  crest  a  tygre  regardant  bacward  in  a 
loking-glas  silver  betwene  his  hynder  legges 
in  a  wr.  ar.  s.s.  ar."  This  beast  should, 
according  to  the  Bestiaries,  be  a  tigress. 

'  The  Genealogist's  Guide  '  (G.  W.  Marshall) 
for  1893  refers  under  Cromer  to  Hasted's 
'  Kent,'  ii.  575,  and  Berry's  '  Sussex  Genea- 
logies,' 318  ;  and  under  Crowmer  to  *  Biblio- 
theca  Topographica  Britannica,'  i.  pt.  i.  22. 
A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

In  'Some  Account  of  the  Citizens  of  London 
and  their  Rulers,'  by  B.  B.  Orridge,  F.G  S 
1867,  pp.  218  and  219,  note,  we  find  :  "From 
Hertfordshire.    M.P.  for  London.     Ancestor 
of    Sir    James    Cromar    of   Tunstall,    Kent, 


Oldcastle's  Rebellion."  Tunstall  (Mid-Kent) 
Church  was  the  burial-place  of  the  Cromars, 
on  the  windows  of  which  are  various  coats 
of  arms  of  the  family  and  its  alliances. 
Among  the  monuments  are  those  of  Sir  James 
Cromar,  Cromer,  or  Crowmer,  Kt.,  his  lady, 
and  four  daughters. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

MR.  WHISTLER,  will  find  several  references 
to  members  of  the  Watts  family  in  my 
'  Sussex  Marriage  Licences — Lewes  Arch- 
deaconry,' published  as  vols.  i.  and  vi.  of 
the  Sussex  Record  Society's  publications. 

E.  H.  W.  DUNKIN,  F.S.A. 
The  Heath,  Fairlight. 

HOPPNER  AND  SIR  THOMAS  FRANKLAND'S 
DAUGHTERS  (10  S.  x.  168).— The  ladies  in 
this  picture  are  Amelia  (or  Emily)  and 
Marianne,  daughters  of  Sir  Thomas  Frank- 
land,  6th  Baronet  of  Thirkelby,  Yorks.  They 
are  the  granddaughters  of  Admiral  Sir  Thomas- 
Frankland — not  the  daughters,  as  they  have 
hitherto  been  (erroneously)  described. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

CLERICAL  INTERMENTS  (10  S.  x.  148). — 
Samuel  Freeman,  Dean  of  Peterborough, 
was  buried  at  Ecton  in  Northamptonshire. 
A  description  of  his  monument,  with  the 
epitaph,  is  given  in  Bridges,  ii.  145. 

W.  D.  SWEETING. 

Wallington. 

"VERGEL"  (10  S.  x.  169).— There  seems 
no  doubt  that  the  Spanish  term  for  orchard 
corresponds  to  the  Proven£al  vergie,  the 
French  vergier  or  verger,  the  Italian  verziere* 
But  I  believe  that  this  group  of  terms  came 
not  from  the  Latin  viridarium,  meaning  pro- 
bably a  greenery,  a  pleasure  garden,  but  from 
virga,  through  the  French  verge,  a  rod,  and 
vergee,  a  rood  ;  and  that  verger  was  originally 
the  Northern  French  term  for  the  rood  of 
land  round  the  boor's  house,  usually  planted 
with  fruit-trees.  The  term  probably  spread 
from  the  northern  orchard-country  south- 
wards. 

In  a  great  part  of  -Normandy  and  in  the 
Channel  Islands  the  vergee,  equal  to  about 
half  a  statute  acre,  or  about  a  Cheshire  rood,, 
is  the  unit  of  land  measure.  In  the  Channel 
Islands  one  vergee  of  land — practically  that 
on  which  the  house  stands — is  the  preciput 
of  the  eldest  son  in  the  division  of  inheritance. 
In  Normandy  the  steading  usually  stands 
in  a  square  apple-yard  enclosed  by  a  hedge 
of  trees,  generally  closely  planted  poplars. 
This  is  the  verger,  often  of  about  a  vergee 
in  extent.  Both  these  terms  were  Englished 
into  "  yard."  Our  yard  of  land  was  a  rood 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  MOB. 


or  quarter-acre — the  lesser  yard,  as  distin- 
guished from  the  greater  yard,  which  was 
a  quarter  of  a  hide.  From  the  lesser  yard 
came  our  term  "  yard "  for  an  enclosed 
space  about  the  house — kail-yard,  farm-yard, 
orchard.  I  know  that  attempts  are  made  to 
separate  old  English  geard,  a  yard  measure, 
from  geard,  an  enclosed  yard  ;  but  they  seem 
to  me  unfounded. 

The  series  of  terms  from  geard  ="  yard," 
and  virga="  verge,"  evolve  in  almost 
parallel  lines,  with  equivalent  meanings  at 
almost  every  stage  (9  S.  vii.  281).  Some 
years  ago  I  accepted,  but  only  provisionally, 
the  derivation  of  verger  from  viridarium  ; 
I  have  since  given  it  up.  While  virga  and 
viridis  have  the  same  root  in  vireo,  the  two 
branches  differ  in  their  evolution  through  the 
Romance  tongues.  Each  keeps  its  charac- 
teristic consonant,  g,  hard  or  soft,  in  one, 
d  or  t  in  the  other  ;  while  the  r  may  be 
dropped  in  either.  I  therefore  consider  that 
the  g  is  verger  marks  a  derivation  from  virga, 
and  that  it  excludes  viridis. 

EDWAKD  NICHOLSON. 

Liverpool. 

Vergel  is  certainly  cognate  with  Fr.  verger, 
as  is  also  the  corresponding  Ital.  word 
verziere.  See  Diaz.  H.  P.  L. 

"SABUM"  (10  S.  ii.  445,  496;  iii.  37,  75, 
197,  237). — It  is  fair  to  note  that  even  in  the 
thirteenth  century  a  scribe  did  read  (at  any 
rate  once)  Sar  (with  a  stroke  through  the 
tail  of  the  r)  as  Sarum.  In  the  Memoranda 
Roll  for  Hillary  term,  1265  (L.T.R.,  48  and 
49  Hen.  III.,  m.  6),  is  the  entry  : — 

"  Walterus  Ballardi  et  Henricus  Stok,  visores 
regis  operacionum  in  castro  Saru,  affidauerunt  pro 
iijii.  xij.y.  viijd.  positis  in  ponte  eiusdem  castri 
perficiendo  et  reparacione  molendini  eiusdem  castri 
et  stagni  eiusdem  molendini  et  reparacione  domo- 
rum  regis  in  eodem  castro." 

,  (At  the  same  time  it  is  to  be  pointed  out 
that  one  of  the  accountants  was  an  Italian, 
and  the  writer  of  the  enrolled  memorandum 
perhaps  too  conscientiously  "  extended  "  a 
form  of  "suspension"  natural  to  an  Italian, 
who  closed  a  word  with  any  letter  ending 
with  a  tail  on  the  line  (cf.  10  S.  ix.  177). 
I  have  heard  a  suggestion  that  "  Old  Sarum  " 
was  by  some  scribal  device  distinguished  from 
the  new  town  of  Salisbury  ;  and  it  looks 
as  if  the  above  entry  may  relate  to  the  former 
place.  Q.  y. 

THE  MYSTERIES  OF  THE  EMBO  BARONETCY 
<10  S.  vii.  246,  315,  372).— It  was  stated 
in  these  pages  that  Dr.  John  Gordon  of 
Oolspietower,  and  Greencastle,  Jamaica, 


was  the  father  of  Robert  Home  Gordon  of 
Embo  by  Isabel  Grant,  widow  of  James 
Sutherland  of  Pronsie.  He  is  referred  to 
in  the  following  epitaph  in  St.  Peter's,  Dor- 
chester (Hutchins's  '  Dorset,'  ii.  386)  :— 

**  Near  this  place  lies  the  body  of  John  Gordon, 
Esqr,  son  of  Robert  Gordon,  Esqr,  of  Pronsey; 
grandson  of  Sir  John  Gordon,  Baronet,  of  Embo  in 
Sutherland.  He  died  at  Dorchester,  Oct.  4th,  1774, 
aged  46,  on  his  return  to  [from  ?]  Jamaica,  where 
he  had  resided  many  years  in  universal  esteem. 
He  was  signally  instrumental  in  quelling  a  dan- 
gerous rebellion  in  that  island  in  the  year  1760,  a 
large  body  of  negroes,  whom  his  bravery  had 
repulsed,  finally  yielding  to  their  confidence  in  his 
humanity.  This  monument  is  erected  as  a  mark  of 
affection  to  the  memory  of  the  best  of  brothers." 

The  riots  broke  out  on  8  April,  1760,  but 
I  find  at  the  Record  Office  no  mention  of 
Gordon  in  connexion  with  them.  His  will 
is  at  Somerset  House.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

"  DEATH  WARRANTS  "  :  "  COFFIN  NAILS"  : 
"FAGS"  (10  S.  ix.  507).— The  first  two,  as 
applied  to  cigarettes,  evidently  refer  to  the 
supposed  unhealthiness  of  their  use  ;  but  the 
term  "  fags  "  is  different,  and  is  no  doubt 
an  abbreviation  for  "  fag-ends,"  just  as 
"  stumps  "  is  applied  to  the  rejected  ends 
or  stump  ends  of  cigars.  "  Fag  "  is  not  a 
cigarette,  but  only  the  fag-end  of  one. 

A.  H. 

ALPHONSO  :  HAAKON  (10  S.  vi.  25). — MR. 
A.  S.  ELLIS  says  that  the  name  Haakon 
"  seems  to  have  been  kept  up  "  in  the  Orkney 
and  Shetland  Isles  "  from  the  days  of  Earl 
Hakon,  the  half-brother  of  the  Earl  of  St. 
Magnus."  Can  he  give  us  examples  ? 
I  know  one  or  two  individuals  with  the 
Christian  name  Magnus,  but  none  called 
Haco,  nor  can  I  find  any  example  of  the 
name  in  Peace's  *  Almanac  and  County 
Directory.'  Haco  is  not  common,  either, 
among  Orkney  place-names,  the  only  example 
I  know  being  Haco's  Ness  in  Shapinsay. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Strom  ness. 


AUGUSTINIAN  CARDINAL  :  MOUNT  GRACE 
(10  S.  ix.  429). — Moroni  in  his  '  Dizionario 
Ecclesiastico,'  iv.  32,  speaks  of  Bonaventura 
Badoario  as  an  Augustinian  hermit,  and 
says  : — 

"Nel  1377  i  suoi  meriti  distintissimi  lo  solle- 
varono  al  generale  magistero  dell'  Ordine  a  Verona, 
benche  vogliano  i  Bollandisti  essere  cio  avvenuto 
nel  1378.  Poco  dopo  fu  decorato  della  sacra  por- 
pora  col  titolo  di  S.  Cecilia  da  Urbano  VI.  nella 
prima  promoziqne  che  fece  nel  1378,  non  gia,  come 
vogliono  alcuni,  nella  terza  promozione  del  de- 
cembre,  1881." 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


235 


He  then  goes  on  to  offer  proofs  of  his  state- 
ment as  to  the  date  at  which  Badoario  be- 
•came  Cardinal,  and  adds :  "II  Badoario 
fu  il  primo  che  decorasse  il  suo  Ordine  dell' 
onor  della  Porpora." 

If  Urban  VI.  made  Badoario  Cardinal 
Priest  of  the  title  of  St.  Cecilia,  as  stated  by 
Moroni  and  others,  it  is  certainly  very  odd, 
because  according  to  Moroni  himself,  xxii. 
109,  Adam  Easton  was  created  by  the  same 
Pope  Cardinal  Priest  of  this  title  18  Sept., 
1378.  (The  '  D.N.B.,'  xvi.  333,  says  Dec., 
1381.) 

Cristofori  in  his  '  Storia  dei  Cardinali '  at 

E.  68  makes  Easton  Cardinal  of  St.  Cecilia 
?om  1378  to  1385,  and  again  from  18  Dec., 
1389,  to  20  Sept.,  1397  ('  D.N.B.,'  loc.  cit., 
gives  the  date  of  his  death  as  15  Sept.  or 
20  Oct.,  1397,  but  he  certainly  died  before 
20  Oct.).  Cristofori  also,  however,  gives 
Baduaro  as  Cardinal  of  St.  Cecilia  from  Sept., 
1384  or  1378,  to  29  July,  1389,  and  Giovanni 
Stefaneschi  as  holding  this  dignity  in  1389  ; 
while  at  pp.  311-12  he  represents  Baduaro 
•as  becoming  Cardinal  Priest  of  the  title  of 
St.  Cecilia  30  Sept.  (?),  1378,  and  Stefaneschi 
•as  being  appointed  Dec.  (?),  1381. 

As  no^ed  above,  Cristofori  gives  the  date 
of  Baduaro's  murder  as  29  July,  1389. 
According  to  Guerin,  *  Les  Petits  Bolland- 
istes,'  v.  544,  it  was  10  June.  1388. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  have  some  of 
these  difficulties  cleared  up. 

Dugdale,  *  Monasticon,'  vi.  22,  calls  the 
Priory  of  Mountgrace  "  Mountgrace  de 
Ingleby"  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"AS   THICK   AS   INKLE-MAKERS  "4  (10   S.    X. 

186). — The  earliest  quotation  for  "  inkle  " 
which  occurs  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  is  from  the 
Yatton  churchwardens'  accounts  of  1541. 
It  is,  however,  mentioned  at  an  earlier  date 
in  those  of  Louth  (Lincolnshire) : — 

1532.  "To  wait  fyswyck  for  yncle  to  reusy[n]g 
gyrdell[es]." 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  F.S.A. 
Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

"CARDINAL"  OF  ST.  PAUL'S  (10  S.  x. 
•85,  173). — Another  celebrated  holder  of 
this  dignity  was  the  late  Rev.  W.  Sparrow 
Simpson,  D.D.,  F.S.A.,  who  was  in  the  habit 
of  signing  himself  "Minor  Canon,  Librarian, 
Succentor,  and  Junior  Cardinal  of  St. 
Paul's,"  and  I  am  told  by  a  friend  who  saw 
«,  great  deal  of  Dr.  Sparrow  Simpson  that 
he  always  appeared  to  be  very  proud  of  this 
unique  title.  In  one  of  his  books,  '  Chapters 
in  the*  History  of  Old  St.  Paul's,'  chap.  ii. 
p.  35,  '  On  the  Personal  Staff  of  the  Cathe- 
dral in  1450,'  there  is  an  allusion  to  the 


I  Minor  Canons.  He  says  that  they  were 
"  incorporated  as  a  College  by  Richard  II. 

'  in  1394,  and  they  still  possess  the  royal 
charter  granted  to  them  by  the  King." 
He  further  states  that  ,. 

"  one  of  their  own  number  was  appointed  by  them- 
selves as  Gustos  or  Warden;  two  were  called 
Cardinals,  Cardinales  Chori,  an  office  not  found  in 
any  other  church  in  England ;  another  was  called 
the  pitantiary,  and  it  was  his  duty  to  collect  and 
distribute  the  pittances  and  other  payments  due  to 
the  body.  Their  dress  consisted  of  a  white  surplice, 
black  copes  with  cowls,  and  almuces  of  black  fur." 

It  may  be  added  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow 
Simpson  was  afterwards  elected  Sub-Dean. 
Is  R.  B.  quite  sure  of  his  ground  in  the 
statement  he  makes  in  his  reply  ?  So  far 
as  I  remember,  the  engraved  title  of  the 
earlier  editions  was  much  more  typical 
of  the  legend  of  '  The  Jackdaw  of  Rheims  ' 
and  of  the  "  Cardinal  Lord  Archbishop  " 
of  that  city  than  of  the  author  and  his 
office  at  St.  Paul's.  There  were  the  high- 
backed  chair,  the  jackdaw,  and  the  ring, 
as  well  as  the  Cardinal's  hat.  I  have  been 
looking  out  for  a  chance  of  refreshing  my 
memory,  and  have  had  a  glance  at  five 
different  editions,  but  none  had  the  engraved 
title  which  was  such  a  well-known  feature 
of  years  ago.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

RANGER  OF  GREENWICH  PARK  (10  S.  x. 
189). — A  list  of  the  Rangers  will  be  found 
in  pp.  8,  9,  of  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster's  *  Greenwich 
Park  :  its  History  and  Associations,'  1902. 
The  last  was  Lord  Wolseley,  appointed  in 
1888.  The  first  to  occupy  the  present  house 
(now  used  as  a  place  of  public  entertainment, 
the  garden  also  being  public,  and  forming 
part  of  Greenwich  Park)  was  the  Princess 
Sophia  in  1816.  She  was  succeeded  by  Lord 
Haddo  (afterwards  Earl  of  Aberdeen)  in 
1844,  and  he  by  Lord  Wolseley  in  1888. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

ST.  IA  (10  S.  ix.  448). — The  following  notes 
are  condensed  from  '  A  Catalogue  of  Saints 
connected  with  Cornwall,'  by  the  Rev.  S. 
Baring-Gould,  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Institution  of  Cornwall,  vol.  xiv.  p.  265. 

St.  la  was  one  of  the  Irish  settlers  in 
Penwith.  Leland  says  she  was  a  nobleman's 
daughter,  and  a  disciple  of  St.  Barricius, 
i.e.  Finbar  ;  that  she  came  to  Cornwall  with 
St.  Elwyn  ;  and  that  a  great  lord  in  "  Corne- 
waul "  made  a  church  at  Pendinas  at  her 
request.  She  was  the  sister  of  St.  Euny  and 
of  St.  Ere  (William  of  Worcester).  la  or 
Hia  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  West 
Cornwall ;  and  when  Fingar  and  his  party 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 


landed  in  Hayle  mouth,  they  visited  her 
dwelling  hard  by.  She  was  displeased  at 
this  arrival  of  fresh  colonists,  and  declined 
to  have  anything  to  do  with  them.  Accord- 
ing to  William  of  Worcester,  she  died  and 
was  laid  at  what  is  now  called  St.  Ives.  This 
is  likely  enough,  for  she  has  left  no  cult 
in  Ireland.  Hia  had  a  second  church  at 
Camborne.  William  of  Worcester  says  her 
feast  was  on  3  February  ;  it  is  still  so  kept 
at  St.  Ives,  but  at  Camborne  on  22  October. 
St.  Hia's  well,  called  Venton  Eia  (ffynnon  la), 
on  the  cliff  under  the  village  of  Ayr,  over- 
looking Porthmeor,  was  formerly  held  in 
reverence.  Her  figure  is  sculptured  on  the 
churchyard  cross.  She  should  be  repre- 
sented as  an  Irish  abbess,  clothed  in  white 
wool,  with  a  white  veil,  and  holding  a  leaf 
(in  allusion  to  the  story  that  on  a  leaf  she 
floated  across  from  Ireland). 

P.  JENNINGS. 
St.  Day. 

THROAT-CUTTING  AT  PUBLIC  EXECUTIONS 
(10  S.  x.  128). — There  is  an  account  of  the 
trial,  conviction,  sentence,  and  execution 
of  Tresilian  Brambre  (not  Brembre),  Salis- 
bury, and  Uske  (not  Usk)  in  Hargrave's 
'  State  Trials,'  vol.  i.  pp.  1-15,  and  in 
Howell's  '  State  Trials,'  vol.  i.  pp.  90-123. 
The  date  is  Richard  II.,  1388.  It  was  no 
part  of  the  sentence  on  a  traitor  that  he 
should  have  his  throat  cut.  In  Tresilian' s 
case  he  was  ordered  to  be  "  drawn  and 
hanged."  The  report  says  :  "  After  he 
had  hanged  some  time,  that  the  spectators 
should  be  sure  he  was  dead  they  cut  his 
throat."  In  Froissart's  '  Chroii.,'  part  ii. 
fol.  110,  it  is  stated  that  "Sir  Robert  Tri- 
silian  was  delivered  to  the  hangman,  and 
so  led  out  of  Westminster  and  there  be- 
headed, and  after  hanged  on  a  gibbet." 
The  report  of  the  trial  also  states  that 
Brambre  was  "  suddenly  turned  off,  and 
the  executioner  cutting  his  throat,  he  died." 
Uske  was  ordered  to  be  "  hanged  and 
drawn."  "  Salisbury  was  drawn  from 
Tower  Hill  to  Tyburn,  and  there  hanged." 
In  the  last-mentioned  case  the  "  House  of 
Commons  urged  that  execution  should  be 
performed  according  to  law." 

The  full  form  of  the  sentence  in  a  case 
of  high  treason  may  be  seen  in  Howell's 
4  State  Trials,'  vol.  xviii.  p.  351,  and  Har- 
grave's '  State  Trials,'  vol.  ix.  p.  551,  in 
the  case  of  Townley  and  others  in  1746. 
A  complete  form  of  sentence  will  also 
be  found  in  Andrews's  '  Old-Time  Punish- 
ments,' p.  202,  but  there  is  nothing  said 
there  to  justify  the  statement  in  the  passage 


quoted  by  DR.  FURNIVALL  that  the  sentence 
on  a  traitor  ever  ordered  the  executioner 
to  cut  the  traitor's  throat.  The  hangman 
did  not  give  the  traitor  a  drop  so  as  to  break 
his  neck,  and  so  cause  instantaneous  death,, 
but  he  did  sometimes  allow  him  to  hang 
until  he  was  dead.  If,  however,  the  traitor 
was  alive  when  cut  down,  the  executioner, 
being  ordered  to  cut  off  the  head,  used  on 
some  occasions  to  cut  the  throat  first, 
so  as  to  put  the  culprit  at  once  out  of  his 
misery. 

I  may  say  by  the  way  that  in  1814  (45 
George  III.  cap.  146)  the  law  was  altered,, 
and  the  traitor  was  thenceforward  hanged 
by  the  neck  until  he  was  dead.  Disembowel- 
ling and  burning  were  at  the  same  time 
abolished  ;  but  the  drawing  on  a  hurdle, 
the  beheading,  and  quartering,  still  remained 
part  of  the  sentence.  Power,  however,  was 
given  to  the  king  to  remit  the  drawing  on 
a  hurdle,  and  to  order,  instead  of  hanging 
by  the  neck,  a  severing  of  the  head  from  the 
body.  See  the  sentence  pronounced  on 
Frost  the  Chartist  in  1839  ('  4  State  Trials,' 
N.S.,  86).  It  was  not  until  1870  that  the 
drawing  on  a  hurdle,  beheading,  and  quarter- 
ing were  abolished.  In  early  days  draw- 
ing "  meant  that  the  traitor  was  to  be 
dragged  along  the  surface  of  the  ground 
tied  to  the  tail  of  a  horse  ;  afterwards,  in- 
stead of  this,  he  was  laid  upon  a  sledge  or 
hurdle,  and  so  drawn  to  the  place  of  execu- 
tion. I  cannot  say  when  this  change  was- 
made. 

A  great  deal  has  been  written  in  *N.  &  Q.' 
about  the  sentences  and  executions  in  cases 
of  high  treason  (see  7  S.  xii.  129),  but  there- 
is  no  trace  anywhere  that  it  was  ever 
"  judged  for  treason "  that  the  throat  of 
the  traitor  was  to  be  cut. 

HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

["Brembre"  is  the  spelling  in  the  account  of" 
him  in  the  '  D.N.B./  and  in  the  Indexes  to  Letter- 
Books  G  and  H,  edited  by  Dr.  R.  R.  Sharpe  for  the 
City  Corporation.  SIR  HARRY  POLAND  s  article 
supplies  a  good  deal  of  the  information  asked  for 
by  K.  P.  D.  E.  in  the  present  number  (ante,  p.  229).] 

"PEARL"  (10  S.  v.  409,  493;  vi.  118,. 
137  ;  x.  177). — MR.  HILL'S  remarks  at  the 
last  reference  respecting  peninim  are  very 
instructive.  I  wa»  always  taught  to  trans- 
late the  word  as  "  pearls,"  but  on  looking 
closely  into  the  matter,  I  find  that,  despite 
Luther's  authority,  it  must  be  given  up. 
On  comparing  Job  xxviii.  16-19  with 
Exodus  xxxix.  10-13  I  notice  this  curiosity.. 
Three  kinds  of  most  expensive  gems  are  cited 
in  order  to  appraise  chochma,  or  wisdom 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 1908.J       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


237 


— gems  which  form  part  of  the  jewels 
selected  for  the  High  Priest's  breastplate  ; 
whereas  three  others,  including  peninim,  are 
•quoted  in  Job  which  were  not  deemed  worthy 
of  a  place  among  the  twelve.  MB.  HILL 
tells  us  that  in  the  American  R.V.  (1901) 
it  is  rendered  "  crystal."  I  cannot  under- 
stand that.  Zechucheth  in  the  locus  classicus, 
from  zach= clear,  has  always  been  translated 
""  crystal "  by  Hebraists.  That  peninim 
refer  to  stones  of  a  dark  hue  seems  to  me 
indisputable  from  the  passage  in  Lam.  iv.  7, 
where  a  vivid  contrast  is  sought  for  by  anti- 
thesis with  shayleg  =  snow.  I  do  not  think 
that  "  corals  "  or  "  rubies  "  (Heb.  oudem) 
represent  the  gems  the  ancient  Hebrews 
knew  as  peninim — the  former  being  a  cheap 
kind  of  stone,  and  the  latter  very  dear. 
They  must  have  been  stones  of  some 
rarity  and  exquisiteness,  I  feel  sure.  Look- 
ing to  the  root  of  the  word,  I  should 
say  that  either  "  jaspers  "  or  "  opals  "  were 
the  kinds  of  gems  intended  to  depict  the 
value  of  wisdom  to  those  who  sought  after 
it.  These  reflect  prismatic  hues,  and  seem 
to  be  nearer  to  the  truth  than  "  rubies," 
*'  corals,"  or  "  carnelians." 

M.  L.  R.  BBESLAB. 
Percy  House,  .South  Hackney. 

The  classical  instance  of  the  change  of 
5  into  p,  by  Grimm's  Law,  is  /cai/i/a/ita, 
O.E.  henep,  High  Ger.  Hanf ;  though  the 
word  is  perhaps  not  of  Idg.  origin.  I  am 
surprised  that  MB.  HILL,  being  interested 
in  philology,  has  not  possessed  himself 
of  the  last  edition  of  Prof.  Skeat's  '  Concise 
Dictionary'  (1901),  to  which  he  is  referred 
.-as  to  "  peat."  The  implied  attribution  to 
Prof.  Skeat  of  "O.E.  beat,  fuel,"  is  a  mistake, 
there  being  no  such  word  in  O.E. 

H.  P.  L. 

"  T'  WIFE  BAZAAB  "  (10  S.  ix.  207,  416  ; 
x.  118).— In  The  Globe  for  1811  it  was  re- 
ported that 

41  a  woman  of  the  name  of  Coveney  was  led  by  a 
halter  into  one  of  the  rooms  of  '  The  White  Hart,' 
•Sittiiigbourne,  and  sold  to  the  highest  bidder,  with 
her  five  children,  a  horse  and  cart,  and  all  her 
household  furniture.  A  man  at  Newington  was  the 
purchaser  for  the  sum  of  10£." 

Other  instances  are  recorded  in  The  Globe 
of  19  Sept.,  1815  ;  14  Jan.,  1815  ;  31  Aug., 
1822  ;  17  March,  1832  ;  and  27  Oct.,  1837. 
See  also  '  Wife-selling  '  in  '  The  Derbyshire 
Gatherer,'  p.  2  ;  IS.  viii.  209  ;  a  Globe 
41  turnover,"  '  Wife-selling,'  16  Nov.,  1903, 
and  '  Parish  Registers,'  by  R.  E.  Chester 
Waters.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 


NONCONFOBMIST       BUBIAL-GBOUNDS       AND 

GBA VEST/ONES  (10  S.  ix.  188,  233,  297,  336, 
434  ;  x.  31,  150). — During  my  recent  resi- 
dence at  Epworth  the  last  surviving  member 
of  an  old  Quaker  family  there  died,  and  was 
buried,  by  her  own  direction,  in  the  garden 
of  the  house  her  family  had  long  occupied. 
I  understood  that  several  of  the  family  had 
previously  been  buried  there,  but  neither 
stone  nor  mound  marks  any  of  the  spots 
where  they  lie.  The  grave  of  this  last  sur- 
vivor is  immediately  under  the  drawing  room 
window,  which  overlooks  what  is  now  a 
tennis-lawn.  Seeing  how  recent  the  last 
burial  was,  I  have  sometimes  felt,  when 
playing  there,  that  there  was  something 
incongruous  in  the  act. 

This  custom  of  burying  in  private  grounds 
seems  to  have  been  pretty  general  at  Ep- 
worth in  bygone  years.  The  Baptists  (as  I 
have  stated  in  a  former  note)  had  a  burial- 
ground  adjacent  to  their  chapel ;  but  the 
early Wesleyan  Methodists  were  many  of  them 
buried  in  a  garden  belonging  to  their  resident 
minister's  house.  In  1906  I  was  asked  by 
the  editor  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Wesley 
Historical  Society  to  procure  a  copy  of  the 
inscription  on  the  gravestone  of  John  Maw,  a 
friend  and  early  supporter  of  John  Wesley's. 
I  could  not  find  his  stone  in  the  churchyard 
(where  most  of  the  members  of  his  family 
appear  to  have  been  buried),  and  was  told 
that,  being  a  Wesleyan,  he  had  probably 
been  buried  in  the  garden  of  his  own  house 
at  the  lower  end  of  the  town.  I  had  seen 
several  gravestones,  forming  part  of  the 
pavement  of  the  yard  of  this  house,  years 
before  ;  but  was  now  unable  to  pursue  the 
search  further,  as  the  house  had  been  pulled 
down,  and  the  stones  turned  out  to  repave 
the  yard  of  the  new  house  built  on  the  site. 
A  surviving  member  of  the  family,  however, 
confirmed  what  I  had  been  told,  and  had  a 
more  or  less  hazy  recollection  of  the  stone 
I  wanted.  C.  C.  B. 

Regarding  Quaker  gravestones,  MB.  W.  J. 
MEBCEB  would  find  a  very  interesting  account 
printed  in  The  Hampshire  Chronicle  for 
9  May  last  (published  by  Messrs.  Jacob  & 
Johnson,  High  Street,  Winchester),  entitled 
'  The  Friends  of  Swanmore :  a  Quaint 
Burial-Ground.'  The  article  occupies  some 
two  columns,  and  is  worthy  of  reproduction 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  its  ultimate  preservation. 

This  burial-ground  has  recently  been 
acquired  by  various  local  antiquaries  (notably 
Canon  Vaughan,  Rector  of  Droxford),  and 
presented  by  them  to  the  Society  of  Friends 
at  Southampton.  Among  those  buried  in 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  MOB. 


this  ground  are  John  Astin  of  Portsmouth, 
1667,  and  Mary  Wheeler,  1670.  The  names 
are  apparently  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

F.  H.  S. 
Romsey. 

I  think  most  of  the  graves  in  the  York 
Friends'  burial-grounds — both  old  and  new 
— have  a  low  stone  coping  round  them,  and 
many  of  them  have  a  narrow  stone  laid  flat 
across  the  head  of  the  grave — the  simplest 
memorial  in  the  world.  On  this  the  Christian 
name  and  surname  are  cut,  and  possibly 
also  the  age  and  date.  I  think  many  graves 
in  the  disused  ground  have  merely  initials 
on  the  curb.  Some  of  the  headstones  are 
old — much  older,  I  think,  than  the  fifties. 
All  the  graves  are  flat.  I  recollect  once 
searching  as  a  child  for  names  on  stones  in 
the  ancient  burial-ground  on  Bishophill, 
when  the  door  was  unlocked,  and  I  stole 
inside  trembling.  It  was  said  to  be  haunted, 
and  was  the  most  depressing  place  imaginable 
within  its  high  wall  in  Jail  Lane.  There 
was  no  jail  there  then,  and  the  neighbourhood 
was  being  altered  ;  but  the  memory  of  that 
dreary  "  Garden  of  Peace  "  is  a  sad  one  to 
me.  *  SAX-DANE. 

SHERIFFS  OF  LONDON  (10  S.  x.  167).— 
In  Smith's  '  Obituary  '  occurs  the  death, 
18  Feb.,  1674/5,  of  "  -  -  Phillips,  Judge 
of  ye  Sheriffs  Court  in  London."  This 
possibly  may  be  the  James  Phillips  who  was 
Sheriff  1653-4. 

As  to  Sir  Charles  Doe,  Sheriff  1664-5, 
the  administration  of  the  goods  of  Sir 
Charles  Doe,  Kt.,  of  Hitcham,  Bucks,  was 
granted  16  Nov.,  1671,  to  his  son  John  Doe, 
Esq.,  the  relict  Dame  Judith  renouncing  ; 
another  grant  26  Nov.,  1687,  to  William 
Doe,  son  of  the  deceased,  the  said  John 
Doe  being  now  also  deceased.  The  will 
of  Dame  Judith  Doe  was  proved  1692  in 
P.C.C. 

Daniel  Forth,  Sheriff  1670-71.— In  the 
elaborate  pedigree  of  this  family  in  Muskett's 
'  Suffolk  Manorial  Families  '  (vol.  i.  p.  320) 
it  is  stated  that  he  was  "  living  1693." 

Samuel  Shute,  Sheriff  1681-2,  was  buried 
at  St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  12  Nov.,  1685,  his 
will  being  proved  15  Dec.  following. 

Sir  John  Sweetapple,  Sheriff  1694-5, 
whose  bank  stopped  payment  in  March, 
1700/1,  was  committed  to  the  Mint  Sanc- 
tuary, Southwark,  where  he  died,  j>robably, 
not  long  afterwards. 

Sir  William  Cole,  Sheriff  1695-6,  is  pre- 
sumably the  same  as  "  Sir  William  Coles, 
Essex,"  whose  will  was  proved  Sept.,  1717, 
in  the  P.C.C.  (168  Whitfield),  the  will  of 


"  Dame    Elizabeth    Coles "    being    proved 
there  in  1723. 

Sir  John  Torriano,  Sheriff  1754-5,  became 
insolvent  1756.  His  will  was  proved  1778 
in  P.C.C.  His  widow  died  at  Camber  well, 
1  March,  1789.  G.  E.  C. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  &o. 

Giles  and  Phineas  Fletcher :  Poetical  Works.  Edited 
by'  Frederick  S.  Boas.  Vol.  I.  (Cambridge, 
University  Press.) 

A  HANDY  edition  of  the  poetical  works  of  Giles  and 
Phineas  Fletcher  has  long  been  a  desideratum  of 
English  scholarship,  and  we  rejoice  to  see  that  it  is 
to  be  efficiently  supplied  by  the  Cambridge  Press, 
in  their  series  of  "  English  Classics."  Hitherto  the 
only  complete  editions  to  which  students  could 
refer  were  those  of  Grosart,  whose  critical  methods, 
it  need  hardly  be  said,  do  not  always  inspire  com- 
fort and  confidence ;  now,  thanks  to  Prof.  Boas's 
editorial  care,  we  shall  have  a  thoroughly  trust- 
worthy text  in  which  to  study  two  poets  whose 
acquaintance  all  who  are  interested  in  our  litera- 
ture will  find  well  worth  making.  The  present 
volume  contains  the  complete  poetical  works  of 
Giles  Fletcher,  and  those  of  Phineas  Fletcher  which 
were  published  prior  to  1633.  '  The  Purple  Island  * 
and  the  rest  of  the  poems  issued  from  that  date 
will  be  contained  in  the  second  volume. 

The  extant  poetical  works  of  Giles  Fletcher  are 
of  small  compass,  being  represented  only  by  his 
sacred  poem  of  some  2,000  lines,  '  Christs  Victorie 
and  Triumph,'  and  a  few  occasional  verses  of  no 
striking  excellence.  If  the  youth  of  the  author, 
however,  is  taken  into  account,  *  Christs  Victorie 
and  Triumph '  possesses  considerable  merits  :  its 
versification  is  smooth  and  melodious,  and  its 
diction  graceful ;  it  has  some  charming  descrip- 
tive passages ;  and  its  allegorical  imagery  is  often 
vigorous.  The  influence  of  Spenser  is  everywhere 
apparent  in  it,  and  it  is  written  in  an  interesting 
and  original  adaptation  of  the  Spenserian  stanza. 
We  may  quote  a  typical  verse  to  indicate  its 
characteristics  : — 

But  now  the  second  Morning,  from  her  bowre, 
Began  to  glister  in  her  beanies,  and  nowe 
The  roses  of  the  day  began  to  flowre 
In  th'  easterne  garden ;  for  heav'ns  smiling  browe 
Halfe  insolent  for  joy  beguiine  to  showe  : 
The  early  Sunne  came  lively  daimcing  out, 
And  the  bragge  lambes  ranne  wantoning  about, 
That  heav'n  and  earth  might  seem  in  tryumph  both 

to  shout. 

Genuine  poetical  feeling  and  a  true  literary  gift  are 
discernible  throughout  the  work,  though  they  are 
frequently  lost  in  conceits  and  extravagances  after 
the  manner  of  Du  Bartas. 

Most  of  the  qualities  of  Giles  Fletcher's  verse  are 
to  be  found  in  the  more  varied  and  extensive  pro- 
ductions of  his  brother  Phineas.  In  the  present 
volume  we  are  given  his  '  Locustae,  vel  Pietas 
Jesuitica,'  and  '  The  Locusts,  or  Apollyonists,'  an 
uncompromising  attack  on  Roman  Catholicism,  the 
first  part  in  Latin  verse  and  the  second  in  English, 
and  his  "  piscatorial "  play  '  Sicelides.'  The  latter 
is  one  of  the  most  agreeable  of  Phineas's  composi- 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


239 


tions,  with  its  graceful  fancy,  its  pleasant  vein  of 
comedy,  and  its  tuneful  songs.  Certainly  the 
reader  who  seeks  literary  enjoyment  rather  than 
philological  instruction  will  find  it  the  most  attrac- 
tive piece  in  the  volume,  and  Prof.  Boas's  admirable 
collation  of  the  manuscripts  and  texts  has  provided 
a  far  more  satisfactory  version  of  it  than  any 
previously  published. 

The  Quarterly  Review.    July.    (John  Murray.) 

DR.  A.  W.  VERRALL'S  'The  First  Homer'  con- 
denses much  that  has  been  widely  scattered.  That 
definite  conclusions  have  in  all  respects  been 
attained  it  would  be  absurd  to  contend,  but  the 
roads  are  in  a  great  degree  cleared  of  rubbish. 
What  the  body  of  poems  which  go  by  the  name  of 
Homer  once  consisted  of,  we  do  not  know ;  two 
epics  remain,  and  there  is  but  the  faintest  prospect 
of  recovering  any  others,  even  in  fragments  ;  still, 
remote  as  it  is,  there  is  a  chance.  If  the  gods  should 
have  pity  and  confer  on  us  a  benefit,  what  reaches 
our  hands,  however  fragmentary,  cannot  fail  to 
throw  light  on  what  time  has  spared.  It  will 
necessarily  confirm  or  disprove  much  that  we  know, 
or  think  we  know,  of  the  manners,  arms,  dress, 
and,  above  all,  moral  feelings  of  Homeric  times,  for 
it  seems  clear  that  those  who  wrote  the  epics 
described  a  world  in  which  they  lived.  They  could 
hardly  have  looked  behind  them  and  produced,  in 
a  way  that  could  have  deceived  any  one,  a  picture 
of  a  past  of  which  they  had  but  a  knowledge 
derived  from  tradition.  The  historical  novelists  of 
the  last  century  have  demonstrated  this.  Scott 
was  the  man  who  for  his  time  had  the  widest  know- 
ledge of  life  as  it  was  lived  in  former  days  in  Scot- 
land and  England,  yet  every  student  knows  that 
his  works  contain  ample  poof  how  almost  impos- 
sible it  becomes  to  reproduce  a  world  with  which 
we  ourselves  have  never  been  familiar.  His 
blunders  were  never  outrageous,  as  those  of  some  of 
his  successors  have  been  ;  but  they  are  sufficiently 
patent  to  mark  his  work  with  the  stamp  of 
modernity. 

No  trustworthy  reports  have  reached  us  regard- 
ing the  blended  shadows  which  to  the  minds  ot  our 
fathers  coalesced  in  the  personality  of  Homer,  but 
those  who  read  even  in  a  translation  cannot  fail  to 
see  that  the  Troy  epic  is  characterized  by  something 
not  very  far  removed  from  antipathy  for  the  dog, 
while  the  'Odyssey'  indicates  an  affection  which 
some  unwise  persons  have  regarded  as  an 
evolution  of  modern  type.  This  is  offered  as 
evidence  that  the  same  brain  did  not  give  currency 
to  the  two  histories  ;  notwithstanding  this  it  is  by 
no  means  safe  to  arrive  at  the  conclusion  that  the 
two  writers  were  not  contemporary. 

'  Forecasts  of  To-morrow,'  by  Dr.  W.  Barry, 
is  a  paper  which,  to  be  rightly  understood,  must 
not  be  merely  skimmed,  but  read  with  great  care. 
In  that  case  it  will  probably  make  a  permanent 
impression.  It  is  evident  that  the  prepossessions 
and  passions  of  the  world  are  moving  rapidly,  but 
few,  if  any,  know  to  what  point  of  the  compass 
the  motion  is  being  directed.  Dr.  Barry,  though 
hopeful,  cannot  point  out  its  course;  but  before 
making  up  our  own  minds  we  should  do  well  to 
weigh  the  words  of  one  who  is  admittedly  a  careful 
thinker  as  well  as  a  grave,  picturesque,  and  powerful 
writer. 

'  The  County  of  Somerset,'  by  the  Rev.  W.  Ores- 
well,  gives  an  interesting  sketch  of  the  Shire  of  the 
Five  Forests,  as  we  have  sometimes  heard  it  called. 


The  first  Saxon  settlers,  we  are  told,  approached 
from  the  south  byway  of  Somerton,  "  in  reality  the 
Sea-moor-town,  and  gave  their  own  name,  Sea-moor 
ssetas,  to  the  county."  We  do  not  wish  to  contro- 
vert this  statement ;  it  would  be  rash  as  well  as 
unfair  to  do  so  without  the  fullest  investigation ; 
but  if  we  are  not  mistaken,  the  writer's  interpreta- 
tion has  not  been  accepted  by  all  students  of 
geographical  names.  Nearly  every  one  who  has 
visited  Somerset  has  noted  the  wonderful  grace  of 
the  Perpendicular  towers  which  add  so  much  beauty 
to  the  county.  Freeman  cannot  have  been  the  first 
to  admire  them,  but  we  believe  it  was  owing  to- 
his  praise  that  they  became  widely  appreciated. 
Mr.  Greswell,  we  are  pleased  to  find,  has  given  the 
noteworthy  men  of  Somerset  due  attention,  and 
in  some  cases  notes  regarding  their  forefathers  and 
other  relatives  have  been  furnished.  The  words 
devoted  to  Blake  are  admirable,  and  we  are  glad  to- 
find  that  the  reader's  attention  is  drawn  to  a  fact 
commonly  forgotten— that  Blake  was  a  soldier  as 
well  as  a  sailor.  As  to  the  personal  character  of 
Blake,  Mr.  GreswelPs  judgment  is  all  that  could  be 
wished.  Clarendon  and  other  Royalist  writers  who 
have  trod  in  his  footsteps  have  led  their  readers  to 
regard  Blake's  Puritanism  as  of  a  sour  and  narrow 
kind.  This  is  a  great  mistake :  he  was,  as  is 
pointed  out,  "a  genial  and  sympathetic  West- 
Countryman." 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.  —SEPTEMBER. 
MR.  THOMAS  BAKER  still  keeps  us  well  supplied' 
with  Theology.  His  Catalogue  530  opens  with  a 
fine  complete  set  of  Mansi's  collection  of  Councils, 
Florence  and  Venice,  1759-98,  31  vols.,  folio,  6W. 
Few  of  the  great  theological  libraries,  Mr.  Baker 
tells  us,  have  complete  copies.  Another  rare  book 
is  the  Roman  Breviary  translated  into  English  by 
the  late  Marquess  of  Bute,  61.  10s.  Modern  works, 
include  Hastings's  '  Dictionary  of  the  Bible,'  5  vols., 
47.  10s.  ;  Ginsburg's  4  Ecclesiastes,'  18s.  6d.  ;  and1 
Newman's  '  Apologia,'  first  edition,  18s.  There  are- 
works  by  Dean  Stanley,  Trench,  Cardinal  Wiseman, 
and  others. 

Mr.  Henry  Davey's  Catalogue  11  opens  with  the 
original  warrant  appointing  Elizabeth  Wickley 
to  the  office  of  Rat  Catcher  of  the  Tower  of  London,, 
signed  by  Sir  Thomas  Chicheley,  Master  General  of 
the  Ordnance  to  Charles  II.,  dated  the  30th  of 
March,  1672.  Under  Books  is  a  set  of  "  Books  about 
Books,"  large  paper,  5  vols.,  Japanese  vellum  (only 
150  copies  so  printed),  1893-4,  21.  10s.  There  are  four 
catalogues  of  T.  Osborne,  bookseller,  of  Gray's  Inn, 
1736-40, \2s.Qd.  As  an  instance  of  prices  at  that  time,, 
it  may  be  noted  that  Caxton's  '  Sayings  of  the  Philo- 
sophers '  is  offered  at  II.  11s.  6d.  There  is  an  interest-  • 
ing  Junius  item— the  splendid  edition  of  the  Letters; 
printed  by  McDowafl,  12  portraits,  1812,  11.  6s. 
Under  London  is  a  memento  of  Newgate — being  a 
folio  scrapbook  containing  a  collection  of  portraits  •. 
of  notorious  prisoners,  also  exterior  and  interior 
views,  selections  from  periodicals,  &c.,  including 
'  Gossip  of  the  Gallows,'  by  Berry,  half-morocco, 
21.  2s.  The  quarto  edition  of  Byron,  8  vols.,  original' 
cloth,  1839,  is  II.  5s. ;  and  a  fine  copy  of  Browne's ; 
'York  Minster,'  2  vols.,  royal  4to,  half-morocco,. 
1847,  it.  12s. 

Mr.  William  Glaisher's  Supplementary  Catalogue  • 
360  is  devoted  to  Remainders.  We  note  the  Dore 
Bible,  21.  5s. ;  '  Dutch  Painters  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century,'  edited  by  Max  Rooses,  10s.;  Newman's; 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       uo  s.  x.  SEPT.  19,  im 


"  Butterflies,'  9s.  ;  Owen's  '  Skeptics  of  the  French 
Renaissance,'  3s.  Qd. ;  and  Smith's  '  Monograms, 
Is.  6d.  'Supernatural  Religion,'  pronounced  by 
Matthew  Arnold  to  be  "  learned  and  exact,"  is  now 
•offered  at  6.9.  There  is  a  good  list  under  Natural 
History,  Science,  &c. 

Messrs.  Myers  &  Co.  send  two  Catalogues.  No.  133 
is  devoted  to  Rare  Old  Maps  and  a  Selection  of 
Views.  There  are  early  American  maps  and  inter- 
esting American  views  ;  European  maps  (one  show- 
ing Europe  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne) ;  London 
views  and  plans  (including  one  of  London  and  the 
country  adjacent,  1797,  31.  3s.) ;  and  views  of  Oxford 
Colleges. 

Catalogue  134  contains  general  literature.  A  fine 
copy  of  Ackermann's  *  Public  Schools,'  1816,  is  24L  ; 
mid  a  presentation  copy  from  Carlyle  of  his  '  Life 
of  Schiller,'  1825,  11.  Is.  Under  Tom  Moore  is  a  set 
of  choice  proofs  of  Maclise's  illustrations  to  the 
'  Irish  Melodies,'  161  plates,  with  letter  of  the  poet, 

6  vols.,  folio,  151.  15s.    A  set  of  Buskin,  Edition  de 
Luxe,  35  vols.,   half-calf  extra,  is  321. ;   BoydelFs 
'Illustrations  of  Shakespeare,'  1803,  17^.  10s.  ;  and 
a  nice  set  of  the  '  Percy  Anecdotes,'  51.  5s.    Under 
Shelley  is  the  first  English  edition  of  'TheCenci,' 
original  wrappers,  uncut,  1821,  31.  3s.     There  is  a 
small  collection  of  finely  bound  and  rare  editions  of 
the  classics. 

Messrs.  Pitcher's  Manchester  Catalogue  162  con- 
tains the  'Lives  of  Alchemystical  Philosophers,' 
with  a  list  of  books  in  occult  chemistry,  8vo,  1815, 
•61.  6s.  A  note  on  the  fly-leaf  says  that  "  F.  Barrett 
is  the  author."  Under  Astrology  is  Kirby  and 
Bishop's  *  The  Marrow  of  Astrology,'  small  4to,  old 
calf,  1681-7,  4/.  4s.  ;  under  Bewick,  'Select  Fables,' 
first  edition,  largest  paper,  a  splendid  copy,  1820, 
8/.,  and  under  Ballads,  '  Merry  Ballads,  edited  by 
Farmer,  privately  printed,  1897,  4£.  15s.  One  of  the 
550  copies  of  the  "  Bibliotheque  de  Carabas," 
reprints  of  scarce  fifteenth  and  sixteenth-century 
works,  8  vols.,  1887-96,  is  4J.  4s.  ;  '  The  Encyclopaedia 
Britannica,'  with  supplementary  volumes,  35  in  all, 
in  oak  bookcase,  101.  10s;  Goethe's  Works,  with 
life  by  Dole,  illustrated  Library  Edition,  14  vols., 
1903,  61.  6s.  ;  Hobbes's  '  Leviathan,'  the  scarce  first 
edition,  1651,  bound  in  old  style  by  Riviere,  21. 10s. ; 
and  a  collection  of  Jefferies's  works,  all  first 
editions,  24  vols.,  11.  Is.  A  collection  of  20  large 
steel  plates  by  Landseer  of  Queen  Victoria's  pets, 
with  portrait  of  her  Majesty,  artist's  proof,  is  51. ; 
a  handsome  set  of  Motley,  11  vols.,  tree  calf,  by 
Riviere,  1889-1904,  91. ;  Rousseau,  '  Les  Confessions,' 
preface  by  Jules  Claretie,  1889,  4/.  4s. ;  and  '  Vanity 
Fair  Album,'  14  vols.,  1869-82,  3L  16s. 

Messrs.  Simmons  &  Waters  send  us  from  Leam- 
ington Spa  two  catalogues,  Nos.  225  and  226.  The 
former  opens  with  the  first  edition  of  '  She  Stoops 
to  Conquer,'  new  morocco  by  Riviere,  30/.  Under 
Ballooning  is  an  account  of  *  Five  Aerial  Voyages 
in  Scotland,'  by  Lunardi,  2  plates  and  portrait,  8vo, 
calf  gilt,  1786,  37.  3s.  Under  Tradesmen's  Tokens  of 
the  17th  Century  are  41  lists  taken  from  Boyne, 
edited  by  Dr.  Williamson,  at  prices  varying  from 
Is.  to  3s.  Qd.  for  each  county.  There  are  also  several 
works  on  coins.  Books  on  London  include  Rendle 
and  Norman's  'Inns  of  Old  Southwark,'  half- 
morocco,  II.  Is.  There  is  a  pretty  set  of  Montaigne, 

7  vols.,    crimson    calf,    18s.     Pickering's    '  Shake- 
speare,' 11  vols.,  full  calf,  is  21.  17s.6d.;  and  the 
best  edition  of  Voltaire,  70  vols.,  Paris,   1784-9, 
11.  15s. 


Catalogue  226  is  devoted  to  Old  Engravings,  and 
contains  a  number  of  Baxter  prints,  including  a 
rare  plate  of  Prince  Albert  in  the  uniform  of  the 
llth  Hussars,  in  frame,  21. 5s.;  Queen  Victoria,  also 
in  frame,  21.  (both  about  1853) ;  and  a  portrait  of 
Peel,  II.  12s.  Qd.  Other  subjects  by  Baxter  are 
'  Love's  Letter-  Box,'  'The  First  Lesson,'  and  'The 
Wreck  of  the  Reliance  off  Boulogne,'  1842.  There 
are  a  number  of  Bunbury  plates,  and  English  and 
French  caricatures.  Under  Constable  is  '  The  Rain- 
bow; or,  Salisbury  Cathedral,'  engraved  by  Lucas, 
in  frame,  101.  10s. ;  and  under  Corbould  are  four 
water-colours,  about  1790,  4£.  4s.  A  portrait  of 
Wesley  in  oil,  in  frame,  is  31.  10s. ;  and  one  of  Izaak 
Walton,  a  copy  by  Farmiloe  of  Huysmans's  picture, 
31.  17s.  6d.  There  are  a  number  of  historical  por- 
traits at  low  prices.  A  souvenir  of  the  King's 
Theatre,  Haymarket,  1788,  is  an  ivory  fan  which 
shows  the  plan  of  the  boxes,  11. 17s.  Qd.  The  names 
of  the  box-holders  are  given,  so  that  the  owner  of 
the  fan  could  tell  the  occupiers  of  any  particular 
box. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons'  Liverpool  Cata- 
logue CCCXCIV.  contains  specimens  of  royal 
bindings.  Under  Actors  is  '  Les  Souvenirs  du  vieil 
Amateur  dramatique,'  containing  100  figures  en- 
graved and  coloured  by  hand,  Paris,  1820,  12mo, 
morocco,  4£.  4s.  The  first  six  volumes  of  Ainsworth's 
Magazine,  original  edition,  red  morocco,  are  61.  6s. 
There  is  a  complete  set  of  the  "Bibliotheca 
Curiosa,"  64  vols.,  61.  6s. ;  and  a  set  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke's  Works,  7  vols.,  4to,  1777-98,  51.  15s. 
Other  items  include  Browning,  large  paper,  16  vols., 
blue  levant,  15/.  15s. ;  '  Cellini,  Recherches  sur  sa 
Vie,'  by  E.  Plon,  82  fine  plates,  Japanese  paper, 
91.  9s.  ;  and  '  The  Domesday  Book,'  printed  by 
order  of  George  III.,  folio,  1783-1816,  151.  15s.  There 
is  a  fine  set  of  Thiers's  '  Histoire  de  la  Revolution 
Francaise,'  extra-illustrated,  Paris,  1865,  321.  '  The 
Grammont  Memoirs,'  1811,  are  9^.  9s.  Under  Milton 
is  the  edition  with  life  by  Todd,  largest  paper,  blue 
morocco,  51.  5s.  Among  art  works  is  Frankau's 
'William  and  James  Ward,'  131.  13s.  There  are 
important  items  under  Greek  and  Latin  Classics, 
Scotland,  and  Tennyson  (including  the  first  edition 
of  '  In  Memoriam,'  51.  5s. ). 


AMONG  the  forthcoming  publications  of  the  Oxford 
University  Press  are  Stow's  '  Survey  of  London,' 
edited,  with  an  introduction  and  notes,  by  C.  L. 
Kingsford  ;  '  Folk-Memory  ;  or,  the  Continuity  of 
British  Archaeology,'  by  Walter  Johnson  ;  in  "'The 
Stuart  and  Tudor  Library,"  Turberville's  'Noble 
Arte  of  Venerie  or  Hunting,'  Wilson's  '  Arte  of 
Rhetorique  '  (1585),  edited,  with  an  introduction, 
ay  G.  H.  Mair,  and  '  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  ' 
the  quarto  of  1602),  with  an  introduction  by  W.  W. 
*reg  ;  and  notable  additions  to  "  The  Oxford 
Poets  "  and  "  The  Oxford  Library  of  Prose  and 
Poetry." 


ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
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10  8.  X.  SEPT.  26,  1908.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


241 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  20,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  248. 

NOTES  :-The  Glamis  Mystery,  241  —  Miltoniana,  242  — 
Doclsley's  Collection  of  Poetry,  243— St.  Margaret's  and 
St  John's,  Westminster—"  Star  and  Garter  Tavern,"  Pall 
Mall,  244— Cowper  Thornhill's  Famous  Ride— Horseflesh 
— High  Court  of  Liberty,  Wellclose  Square,  245—  Banstea.d : 
Races  and  Mutton— Newlyn  Colony  of  Artists— The  Bas- 
tinado as  an  English  Military  Punishment — J.  H.  Short- 
house  on  '  John  Inglesant '  —  Sextons  :  the  Bramwell 
Family— Tennyson  :  "  The  ringing  grooves  of  change,"  246. 

^QUERIES  :— W.  H.  Riehl  in  English— Garibaldi— Railway 
on  the  Thames  Embankment — Leech's  Etchings  on  Steel 
-  Knocking  off  a  Priest's  Bonnet— Authors  of  Quotations 
Wanted  — The  Revolution  Society,  247— "  Wronghalf  "  : 
"Pych":  "Targe"— Duke  of  Westminster's  Elopement 
with  Miss  Child — Hannah  Maria  Jones — Gedney  Church 
— Parliamentary  Applause— United  States :  Social  Life,  248 
— Mistress  Rachel  How— Mortimer  Collins— W.  Bruce  in 
Poland  —  Capt.  Barton  —  Augvaldsnaes  Church  —  Lans- 
downe  Passage— Milton's  Songs  set  to  Music— R.  Weyon— 
Baydon— Dean  Colet's  .Name— Pickthall,  249— Monastic 
Estates— King  Edwin's  Dwarfs,  250. 

REPLIES  :— Flying  Machines:  "  Aviation  "  —  Turstin  de 
Wigmore— Inferior  Clergy :  "  Sir,"  250—"  Baal-Fires,"  251 
—Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  Chelsea— Carnmarth  :  Lannarth, 
252— "Sinews  of  war  "— "  Cock  -foster  "— Budgee,  a  Kind 
of  Ape— Corbet=Valletort,  253— Jean  Paul  in  English— 
"  Pink  Saucer  "—Children  at  Executions— Manor  Identi- 
fication —  Paulitian  Language,  254  — Welsh  Heraldry- 
Col.  Stepkin  and  Capt.  Backhouse— "  Hors  d'oeuvre"— 
"What  you  but  see,"  &c.— Castle  Architecture,  255— 
Salford :  Saltersford :  Saltersgate— Martin  Madan— "  Half  - 
Baptized,"  256— Widow  Maurice— "  Bough -pot  "—Shadow 
Shows  —  "  Scaramouch  "  —  Tyrone  Power,  257  —  Fleet 
Prison  —  "Meschianza"  —  Ode  to  Napoleon  —  London 
Statues  —  French  Coat  of  Arms  — Erasmus  Williams— 
"St.  Francis's  Moon  "—Initials  for  Words,  258. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— 'The  Diary  of  a  Lady-in-Waiting ' 
— '  The  Oxford  Thackeray.' 


THE  GLAMTS  MYSTERY. 

MANY  readers  of  '  N".  &  Q.  have  doubt- 
less heard  of  the  '  Mystery  of  Glamis."  It 
was  told  to  the  present  writer  some  sixty 
years  ago,  when  he  was  a  boy,  and  it  made 
a  great  impression  on  him.  He  heard  the 
legend  related  quite  recently,  in  nearly  the 
same  words.  The  story  was,  and  is,  that 
In  the  Castle  of  Glamis,  the  celebrated  old 
•castle  of  the  Earls  of  Strathmore,  is  a  secret 
chamber.  In  this  chamber  is  confined  a 
monster,  who  is  the  rightful  heir  to  the 
title  and  property,  but  who  is  so  unpre- 
sentable that  it  is  necessary  to  keep  him 
tDut  of  sight  and  out  of  possession.  The 
secret  is  supposed  to  be  known  to  three 
persons  only — the  Earl  of  Strathmore,  his 
heir,  and  the  manager  of  the  estate.  This 
terrible  secret  is  said  to  have  a  depressing 
effect  on  the  holder  of  the  title  (who,  if  the 
legend  were  exact,  would  not  be  in  posses- 
sion lawfully  of  either  title  or  property) 
and  on  his  heir. 

When  the  legend  of  my  childhood  was 
recently  repeated  in  my  hearing,  I  ventured 
to  suggest  that  the  Earl  ofT  Strathmore,  at 


the  time  I  heard  the  story,  was  about 
seventy  years  of  age,  and  the  reputed 
monster,  in  order  to  have  a  claim  superior 
to  his  brother's,  must  have  been  still  older 
than  the  one  who  then  bore  the  title  of 
Earl.  As  in  captivity  the  monster  would 
have  had  difficulties  in  producing  a  legiti- 
mate monster  to  carry  on  the  legend,  it  was 
improbable  that  there  could  now  survive 
any  imprisoned  monster  whose  presence 
and  claim  would  exercise  a  depressing  effect 
on  the  present  holder  of  the  title.  This 
view,  however,  received  little  support  from 
my  audience,  the  general  verdict  being  that 
the  legend  was  so  well-established  and 
interesting  that  it  was  almost  impious  to 
attempt  to  explain  it  away.  It  was  also 
advanced,  as  evidence  against  my  view, 
that  a  member  of  the  family  had  recently 
stated  that  the  mystery  was  "  the  same  as 
ever,"  and  that,  therefore,  the  monster 
must  still  exist.  Although  nearly  every  one 
who  has  ever  been  to  Glamis,  and  many 
who  have  never  been  there,  are  generally 
believed  to  be  able  to  speak  with  autho- 
rity regarding  the  monster,  the  family  are 
known  to  discourage  the  many  embroidered 
editions  of  the  legend  to  which  the  public 
have  held  so  pertinaciously,  and  they 
are  in  no  way  responsible  for  this  long- 
lived  myth.  .  .£.-/• 

On  re-reading  lately  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
'  Letters  on  Demonology  and  Witchcraft,' 
I  came  upon  a  passage,  in  a  letter  written 
in  183Q,  which  would  seem  to  help  to 
explain  the  Mystery  of  Glamis.  I  send  this 
to  '  N.  &  Q.'  at  the  risk  of  being  impeached 
for  trying  to  spoil  a  good  legend  which  has 
long  been  popular  public  property. 

It  will  be  borne  in  mind  that,  in  addition 
to  the  monster,  the  salient  points  in  ,the 
mystery  are  the  secret  chamber,  and  the 
secret  known  to  only  the  holder  of  the  title, 
his  heir,  and  the  third  person — the  family 
lawyer  or  manager.  Now  this  is  what 
Sir  Walter  wrote  on  the  subject  nearly  eighty 
years  ago  : — 

"  I  have  been  myself  at  two  periods  of  my  life, 
distant  from  each  other,  engaged  in  scenes  favour- 
able to  that  degree  of  superstitious  awe  which  my 
countrymen  expressively  call  being  'eerie.' 

"On  the  first  of  these  occasions  I  was  only  nine- 
teen or  twenty  years  old,  when  I  happened  to  pass 
a  night  in  the  magnificent  old  baronial  Castle  of 
Glamjs,  the  hereditary  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Strath- 
more. The  hoary  pile  contains  much  in  its  appear- 
ance, and  in  the  traditions  connected  with  it, 
impressive  to  the  imagination.  It  was  the  scene  of 
the  murder  of  a  Scottish  king  of  great  antiquity — 
not  indeed  the  gracious  Duncan,  with  whom  the 
name  naturally  associates  itself,  but  Malcolm  the 
Second.  It  contains  also  a  curious  monument  of 
the  peril  of  feudal  times,  being  a  secret  chamber, 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im 


the  entrance  of  which,  by  the  law  or  custom  of  the 
family,  must  only  be  known  to  three  persons  at 
once,  Viz.,  the  Earl  of  Strathmore,  his  heir  apparent, 
and  any  third  person  they  may  take  into  their  con- 
fidence. The  extreme  antiquity  of  the  building  is 
vouched  by  the  immense  thickness  of  the  walls, 
and  the  wild  and  straggling  arrangement  of  the 
accommodation  within  doors." 

Thus  we  have  here  the  greater  part  of 
the  legend  as  popular  with  the  public — 
the  mystery  ;  the  secret  chamber  known 
only  to  the  Earl,  his  heir,  and  a  third  person 
taken  into  confidence  ;  and  the  secret 
preserved  from  generation  to  generation 
by  the  law  or  custom  of  the  family.  The 
monster  does  not,  indeed,  find  a  place  in 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  account,  but  this  may 
have  been  provided  later  by  some  one  with 
the  aid  of  the  superstitious  awe  called 
"  being  '  eerie,'  "  in  the  place  so  favourable 
thereto. 

The  chamber,  like  that  known  in  one  or 
two  other  ancient  buildings,  probably  led 
to  a  secret  exit,  to  be  used  as  a  means  of 
escape  in  case  of  danger.  The  thickness 
of  the  walls,  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
accommodation  as  described,  would  much 
favour  the  provision  of  such  a  secret 
chamber  and  passage.  And  if  existing 
conditions  be  as  suggested,  then  a  member 
of  the  family  may  with  perfect  accuracy 
have  recently  assured  an  inquirer  that  the 
Mystery  of  Glamis  was  now  even  the  same 
as  ever.  OUTIS. 

[For  earlier  communications  on  the  Mystery  of 
Glamis  see  6  S.  x.  326,  475  ;  xi.  35 ;  9  S.  vii.  288.] 

MILTONIANA. 

'  PARADISE  LOST,'  i.  84-94  : — 

If    thou   beest   he — but    Oh    how    fallen !    how 

changed 

From  him  ! — who,  in  the  happy  realms  of  light, 
Clothed  with  transcendent  brightness,  didst  out- 
shine 

Myriads,  though  bright— if  he  whom  mutual  league, 
United  thoughts  and  counsels,  equal  hope 
And  hazard  in  the  glorious  enterprise, 
Joined  with  me  once,  now  misery  hath  joined 
In  equal  ruin  ;  into  what  pit  thou  seest 
From  what  highth  fallen :  so  much  the  stronger 

proved 

He  with  his  thunder  :  and  till  then  who  knew 
The  force  of  those  dire  arms  ? 

The  construction  of  the  first  nine  lines 
has  been  very  much  misunderstood,  and  in 
consequence  the  passage  has  been  for  the 
most  part  more  or  less  grotesquely  punc- 
tuated. The  note  of  exclamation,  rightly 
following  "  him,"  is  commonly  placed  after 
"  bright,"  while  in  11.  5  et  sqq.  the  punctua- 
tion usually  goes  to  pieces  altogether.  I 
have  given  above  Masson's  punctuation, 


which  will  do  very  well,  except  that  some 
may  prefer  a  semicolon  after  "  bright  "  and 
a  comma  after  the  following  "  he."  But 
even  Masson  strangely  misunderstood  the 
construction  of  11.  84-92,  seeing  in  them 
an  "  approach  here  and  there  to  the  figures 
of  speech  known  in  books  of  rhetoric  as 
Anacolouth  (unfinished  clause  or  sentence) 
and  Synathrcesmus  (hubbub),"  and  of  course 
the  reader  was  bidden  to  discern  herein 
"  a  poetical  fitness  "  ! 

Now  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  construction 
is  not  unfinished,  for  "  If  thou  beest. .  .  , 
fallen  "  (1.  92)  forms  a  .complete  complex 
sentence,  consisting  of  a  principal  part, 
"into  what  pit ....  fallen,"  and  two  sub- 
ordinate complex  clauses — "  if  thou  beest 
.  .  .  .bright  "  and  "  if  he.  .  .  .ruin." 

The  key  to  a  right  understanding  of  the 
construction  is  recognition  of  the  fact  that 
"  who. ..  .didst  outshine"  was  not  "  un- 
grammatical  "  in  Elizabethan  English.  See 
Mason's  '  English  Grammar,'  §  469,  where, 
besides  the  present  passage,  others  from 
Shakespeare  and  the  A.V.  are  quoted. 
These  instances  might  easily  be  added  to- 
very  largely.  For  one  additional  instance- 
see  *  King  Lear,'  III.  iv.  87-92.  More- 
common,  however,  was  the  other  con- 
struction— that  which  alone  is  correct  at 
the  present  day.  A  Miltonic  instance  occurs, 
in  '  Paradise  Lost,'  ii.  689-90  : — 

Art  thou  he 
Who  first  broke  peace  in  Heaven 

The  next  important  point  to  notice  is 
that  "  whom "  does  double  duty,  being 
governed  at  one  and  the  same  time  by 

joined "  (according  to  the  more  usual, 
construction)  and  by  "  hath  joined  "  (accord- 
ing to  the  less  usual  construction).  The, 
use  of  a  phrase,  word,  or  inflexion,  to  do 
double  duty  is  so  much  restricted  (it  still. 
exists  unnoticed)  at  the  present  day  that 
many  will  probably  object  to  the  explana- 
tion just  given,  questioning  its,  correctness.. 
Such  I  invite  to  examine  the  construction 
of  the  italicized  words  in  the  following: 
passages  : — 

Of  wiles 

More  unexpert,  I  boast  not ;  them  let  those 
Contrive  who  need,  or  when  they  need,  not  now. 
'Paradise  Lost,'  ii.  51-3. 
In  even  balance  down  they  light 
On  the  firm  brimstone,  and  fill  all  the  plain  : 
A  multitude  like  which  the  populous  North 
Poured  never  from  her  frozen  loins. 

Ibid.,  i.  349-52. 

"  Which,  though  it  be  not  in  our  power  to  bestow, 
it  is  in  our  charity  to  desire." — Browne,  *  Religio 
Medici.' 

"Of  angels,  we  are  not  to  consider  only  what: 
they  are  and  do.  "—Hooker,  '  Ecclesiastical  Polity.' 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


243 


See  also  the  '  Grammatical  Observations  ' 
appended  to  Schmidt's  '  Shakespeare  Lexi- 
con '  :  "  Suffixes  and  prefixes  omitted." 

More  interesting  is  this  instance  from 
Tennyson's  '  Sir  Galahad  '  : — 

How  sweet  are  looks  that  ladies  bend 
On  whom  their  favours  fall ! 
I   think  the  same  construction  may  be 
found  in  Latin  (Ovid,  '  Metam.,'  i.  74)  :— 

Cesserunt  nitidis  habitandse  piscibus  undae, 
where  the  dative  "  piscibus  "  seems  to  go 
both  with   "  cesserunt  "   and  with   "  habit- 
andae." 

In  conclusion,  it  is  perhaps  necessary 
to  point  out  that  "  thou  beest  "  is  under- 
stood between  "  if  "  and  "  he  "  (1.  87). 

A.  E.  A. 


DODSLEY'S  FAMOUS  COLLECTION  OF 
POETRY. 

(See  10  S.  vi.  361,  402  ;  vii.  3,  82,  284,  404, 
442  ;  viii.  124,  183,  384,  442  ;  ix.  3,  184, 
323,  463  ;  x.  103.) 

POEMS  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Rolle  were 
inserted  in  vol.  iii.  61-70,  231-5.  He  is  one 
of  a  little  group  of  New  College  men  whose 
essays  in  verse  enjoyed  a  temporary  exist- 
ence in  this  miscellany.  I  suspect  that  the 
medium  of  communication  between  author 
and  publisher  was  the  Rev.  Joseph  Spence. 

Edward  Rolle,  the  son  of  Robert  Rolle, 
of  Meeth,  Devonshire,  who  married  in  1699 
Margaret  Martyn,  was  born  on  27  April, 
1703,  and  baptized  on  7  May  at  Meeth. 
The  date  of  his  birth  is  given  in  the  Win- 
chester College  books  as  25  Aug.,  1705,  but 
the  earlier  date  agrees  with  the  age  given 
to  him  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a 
scholar  of  Winchester  College  in  1719,  and 
matriculated  from  New  College,  Oxford 
on  10  July,  1723.  From  1723  to  1755  he 
was  a  Fellow  of  New  College,  and  his  degrees 
were  B.A.  1727,  M.A.  1730,  and  B.D.  1758 
A  sermon  preached  by  him  in  New  College 
Chapel  on  '  The  Rights  of  Primogeniture 
is  mentioned  in  John  Mulso's  '  Letters  to 
Gilbert  White,'  p.  283. 

The  contents  of  Egerton  MS.  2234  at  th 
B.M.    consist    of   letters    from    and    replies 
to  Joseph  Spence  during  his  three  travel 
abroad,  which  lasted  from  Dec.,    1730,   t( 
July,  1733,  and  from  May,  1737,  to  (with 
break)    November,    1741.     Many    of    them 
are   either  addressed  to  Rolle  or  relate  t< 
him,    and   he    acted,    more    than    once,   a 
Spence' s  deputy  in  the  Poetry-Prof  essorshi] 
at    Oxford.     A   letter   from   Spence   to    hi 
mother,    16  Nov.,    1732,   tells  that   "  Capt 


Holle,"  as  the  parson  was  playfully  called,, 
lad,  through  the  interest  of  his  cousin 
Henry  Rolle,  M.P.,  got 

a  pretty  little  living wch  he  can  hold  with  New 

College.    'Tis  in  Devonshire,  within  three  miles  of 
tie  place  where  he  was* born,  and  there's  a  pretty 
ttle  newfashion'd  house  upon  it." 
By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Burchu 
if   the   diocesan  registry  at   Exeter,   I   am 
nabled  to  state  that  the  benefice  was  Monk- 
)kehampton.     He  was  instituted  to  it  on 
24  June,  1732,  on  the  presentation  of  Hugh 
Stafford   of   Pynes,    and   he   held   it   untiB 
755.     He  did  not  often  reside  ;    it  appears- 
rom  the  Visitation  books  of  1744  and  1753 
.hat  he  was  excused  from  attending,  as  he- 
was  at  Oxford. 

Spence  in  a  letter  to  his  mother  (Mirabella 
Spence)  dated  from  Florence,  7  Nov.,  1740,. 
gives  an  amusing  description  of  Rolle' s> 
)erson  : — 

"A  Lazy,  Lath-gutted  Fellow,  with  a  Wezel- 
?ace.  He 's  thin  and  made  for  business.  He  shou'd 
write  as  fast  as  a  Greyhound  runs.  I  always 
thought  he'd  come  to  little  or  nothing,  and  so  he's 
ike  to  do  if  he  grows  much  thinner." 

In  the  summer  of  1753  Rolle  himself  was 
abroad.  He  had  been  to  Venice,  Padua,. 
Florence,  had  crossed  the  Alps,  and  was  on 
12  July  at  Mayence ;  he  was  then  preparing 
to  descend  the  Rhine  to  Spa  and  Amsterdam. 
His  intention  was  to  "go  thro'  the  Towns 
of  Holland  to  Brussels  and  to  Calais."  His 
companion  was  a  Mr.  W.,  who  was  apparently 
paying  expenses.  These  travels  are  de- 
scribed by  him  in  a  letter  to  Spence  which 
is  printed  in  Singer's  edition  of  the  '  Anec- 
dotes '  (1820),  pp.  443-6.  Two  other  letters 
by  Rolle,  written  from  his  Devonshire- 
benefice  to  Spence,  are  in  the  same  volume, 
pp.  422-3  and  441-2. 

Rolle  and  Spence  were  both  friends  of 
the  Rev.  Christopher  Pitt,  the  translator 
of  Virgil,  whom  they  used  to  visit  at  his 
parsonage  house  of  Pimperne,  near  Bland- 
ford,  in  Dorset.  A  letter  from  Pitt  (4  Jan.,. 
1736/7)  speaks  of  his  imitations  of  Horace, 
one  of  which,  addressed  to  Rolle,  had  been 
printed. 

In  1755  Rolle  was  nominated  by  his  college 
to  the  rectory  of  Berwick  St.  John  in  Wilt- 
shire, and  in  that  year  he  married.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  vicarage  of  Moorlynch 
in  Somerset  in  1758  ;  and  he  was  collated 
on  9  May,  1771,  to  the  prebendal  stall  of" 
Yetminster  Secunda  in  the  cathedral  church 
of  Salisbury.  These  three  preferments  he 
held  until  his  death.  His  wife  Elizabeth 
died  on  21  Nov.,  1788,  aged  68,  and  was 
buried  at  Berwick  St.  John  on  28  Nov. 
He  died  on  30  June,  1791,  aged  88,  and  was 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«:  x.  SEPT.  26, 


"buried  there  on  7  July.  A  large  flat  tomb- 
stone of  lias  (within,  and  near  the  north 
•door  of,  the  church)  records  their  names. 
Rolle  erected  a  cenotaph  for  his  wife  and 
himself  on  the  east  wall  of  the  south  choir- 
aisle  in  1789.  The  bells  of  the  church  were 
recast  by  him  in  1767,  and  a  new  parsonage 
house  for  the  benefice  was  built  after  his 
•death,  partly  with  moneys  from  his  estate. 

In  1761  he  was  offered  the  living  of 
Sarsden,  Oxfordshire,  and  was  authorized 
to  exchange  Berwick  St.  John  for  some  other 
New  College  benefice  which  would  be  tenable 
with  it ;  but  the  suggestion  came  to  nothing. 
He  remained  at  Berwick,  retaining  his 
faculties  until  the  end  of  his  long  life.  After 
his  wife's  death  in  1788  he  was  assisted 
by  curates,  but  up  to  that  time  he  had 
discharged  for  thirty  years  all  the  duties 
•of  the  parish  without  a  prolonged  holiday. 
A  manuscript  volume  in  the  care  of  the 
present  rector  exhibits  Rolle  as  an  observant 
farmer  and  a  devoted  clergyman,  chronicling 
the  farming  customs  of  the  place,  the  services 
of  the  church,  and  the  education  of  the 
village  children.  It  is  probably  worthy  of 
publication. 

Rolle  is  introduced  into  James  Ridley's 
'  Tales  of  the  Genii,'  in  the  ninth  tale  of 
'  Mirglip  [Pilgrim]  the  Persian,  or  Phesoj 
Ecneps  [Joseph  Spence],  the  dervise  of  the 
groves,'  as  "  Ellor  [Rolle],  gentle  companion 
of  my  former  years  !  With  thee  I  trained 
my  early  mind  to  Piety  and  Virtue." 

Of  the  seven  poems  under  Spence' s  name 
which  are  reprinted  from  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity sets  of  verses  in  Nichols's  collection 
of  poetry,  the  second  pair  were  by  Rolle. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  three 
executors  to  Spence's  will. 

[T.  F.  Kirby,  'Winchester  Scholars,'  p.  228; 
Foster,  '  Alumni  Oxon.';  Gent.  Mag.,  1787, 
p.  1124;  1791,  p.  682;  Hoare,  'Wilts' 
(Hundred  of  Chalk),  pp.  68,  71,  75  ;  J.  L. 
Vivian,  '  Visitations  of  Devon,'  p.  652  ; 
Buncombe's  letters,  2nd  ed.,  1773,  ii.  95  ; 
information  from  the  Rev.  W.  Goodchild, 
Rector  of  Berwick  St.  John.] 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

(To  be.  continued.) 


ST.  MARGARET'S  AND  ST.  JOHN'S,  WEST- 
MINSTER, AND  THE  STRAND. — It  may  be  of 
some  interest  to  the  inhabitants  of  these 
parishes,  and  to  students  of  the  history  of 
the  Strand  district,  to  know  that  the  Trustees 
of  the  United  Westminster  Almshouses  are 
the  owners  of  21  and  22,  Buckingham  Street, 
Adelphi ;  7  and  8,  Duke  Street,  Adelphi, 


8  and  9,  York  Place,  Adelphi ;  and  50, 
Strand.  The  Trustees  are  also  owners  of 
the  premises  known  as  the  Head- Quarters 
and  Drill  Hall  of  the  Queen's  Westminster 
Volunteer  Corps,  now  a  portion  of  the 
Territorial  Army,  but  allowed  by  special 
permission  to  retain  their  old  style  and  title. 
These  premises  are  situated  in  Buckingham 
Gate  (formerly  James  Street),  Westminster, 
and  in  Brewers'  Row  adjoining.  The 
said  Trustees  also  own  178,  180,  182, 
184,  186,  188,  190,  and  192,  Uxbridge  Road  ; 
and  1  to  10,  Hopgood  Street,  Shepherd's 
Bush,  W.,  and  Nos.  1  to  11,  The  Pavement, 
Forest  Lane,  Stratford,  E.  This  information 
has  been  often  desired,  but  was  not  easy  to 
obtain.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

"  STAR  AND  GARTER  TAVERN,"  PALL 
MALL. — A  permanent  record  should,  I  think, 
be  made  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  of  the  exact  locality 
of  this  tavern,  which  ceased  to  exist,  as 
such,  about  a  year  ago.  Here,  on  26  Jan., 
1765,  the  fatal  encounter  took  place  between 
William,  fifth  Lord  Byron,  and  Mr.  Chaworth. 
The  house  is  still  standing,  its  present 
number  being  44.  The  persons  who  dined 
together  on  that  occasion  were  :  John 
Hewett  (chairman),  Lord  Byron,  the  Hon. 
Thomas  Willoughby,  Sir  Robert  Burdett, 
Frederic  Montagu,  John  Sherwin,  Francis 
Molyneux,  William  Chaworth,  George  Don- 
ston,  and  Charles  Melish,  all  gentlemen  of 
Nottinghamshire.  They  dined  on  the  second 
floor,  the  duel  being  afterwards  fought  in 
an  empty  room  on  the  first  floor.  There  was 
no  light  in  the  room,  except  a  tallow  candle 
which  stood  on  a  table.  Before  Lord  Byron 
had  time  to  draw  his  weapon  Mr.  Chaworth 
made  the  first  "  pass,"  his  sword  piercing 
through  Lord  Byron' s  waistcoat.  Chaworth , 
who  thought  that  he  had  mortally  wounded 
his  adversary,  inquired  after  his  hurt. 
While  Chaworth  was  speaking  Lord  Byron 
shortened  his  sword,  and  stabbed  Chaworth 
in  the  belly. 

It  has  generally  been  assumed  (1)  that 
Lord  Byron  was  the  aggressor  ;  and  (2) 
that  he  was  so  overwhelmed  by  remorse 
for  his  crime  that  he  shut  himself  up  at  New- 
stead,  and  refused  all  company.  As  a  fact, 
Lord  Byron  was  never  blamed,  either  by 
Mr.  Chaworth  on  his  death-bed  or  by  any  of 
his  friends,  for  the  part  he  had  in  that 
gentleman's  death.  Mr.  Chaworth  began 
the  quarrel  upstairs,  and  was  then  very 
offensive.  He  was  regarded  by  his  acquaint- 
ances as  a  fire-eater,  and  noted  for  his 
quarrelsome  disposition.  As  to  Lord  Byron 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 1903.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


retiring  from  the  world,  he  made  a  tour  of 
Europe,  and  was — after  this  fatal  encounter 
— appointed  Master  of  the  Staghounds.  He 
did  not  give  up  society  until  his  son  had 
offended  him  by  marrying — contrary  to  his 
father's  wishes — a  daughter  of  Admiral 
John  Byron.  It  may  be  mentioned  that 
the  sword  which  caused  Mr.  Chaworth's 
death  is  kept  among  the  "  Byron  relics  " 
at  Newstead,  where  it  has  been  ever  since 
the  fatal  duel.  From  the  evidence  given 
at  Lord  Byron's  trial,  it  is  clear  that  there 
had  been  some  previous  "  bad  blood " 
between  these  kinsmen,  and  that  the  dispute 
about  "  game  "  was  Mr.  Chaworth's  pretext 
for  insulting  Lord  Byron.  The  former  was 
the  better  swordsman,  and  admittedly  made 
the  first  thrust.  It  would  have  been  all  over 
with  Lord  Byron  if  the  dim  light  had  not 
deceived  Mr.  Chaworth's  eye,  for  his  thrust 
was  aimed  at  his  kinsman's  breast.  What 
followed  was  a  natural  consequence. 

RICHARD  EDGCTJMBE. 
Edgbarrow,  Crowthorne,  Berks. 

COWPEB  THORNHILL'S  FAMOUS  RIDE. — 
The  late  CUTHBERT  BEDE,  who  was  a  valued 
contributor  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  many  years, 
wrote  an  interesting  account  of  the  above 
ride  at  5  S.  iii.  503  (26  June,  1875),  in  which 
he  said  : — 

"It  is  singular  that,  in  the  researches  of  myself 
and  others,  in  Stilton,  and  its  neighbourhood,  on 
this  subject,  we  have  never  been  able  to  obtain  a 
sight  of  the  poem,  '  The  Stilton  Hero,'  printed  in 
London  in  1745,  or  of  the  engraving  representing  him 

performing  the  match Can  any  correspondent 

quote  from  either  of  these  ?  " 

As  this  query  has  remained  unanswered 
for  thirty-three  years,  and  I  have  also  made 
many  unsuccessful  searches  for  it  until  the 
other  day,  it  may  be  worth  while  recording 
that  I  have  found  a  copy  in  the  Bodleian 
Library,  which  was  "  bequeathed  by  Richard 
Gough  in  the  year  MDCCXCIX."  It  has 
apparently  hitherto  escaped  notice  by 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  press-mark  is 
"  Gough  Hunt  I.,"  and  the  title  is  :— 

"  The  |  Stilton  Hero :  |  a  I  Poem  |  0  Tempora  ! 
O  Mores  |  London :  |  Printed  for  M.  Cooper,  |  at 
the  Globe  in  Pater-noster  Row  1745  I  price  6d  I  ." 
4to,  pp.  14. 

HERBERT  E.  NORRIS. 

Cirencester. 

HORSEFLESH. — I  see  it  stated  in  a  foreign 
scientific  paper  that  Pope  Gregory  III. 
(731-41)  issued  a  bull  in  which  he  declared 
horseflesh  and  hippophagi  unclean.  Accord- 
ing to  the  same  source,  the  modern  practice 
of  eating  horseflesh  was  started  by  the  Danes 
during  the  siege  of  Copenhagen  in  1807, 


and  has  gradually  spread  all  over  the  Euro- 
pean continent.  The  horse-butchers'  shops 
in  the  market-place  in  Boulogne  are  known 
to  all  visitors.  L.  L.  K. 

HIGH  COURT  OF*  LIBERTY,  WELLCLOSE; 
SQUARE. — Perhaps  this  description  of  an  old 
London  lock-up  from  The  Globe  of  20  August 
may  be  interesting  enough  to  record  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  :— 

"  A  Glimpse  of  Old  London :  High  Court  of 
Liberty. — There  is  an  interesting  bit  of  Old  London 
to  be  seen  in  Wellclose  Square,  E.,  the  thoroughfare 
which  during  the  last  few  days  has  been  the  scene  of 
'  vulture  hunts.'  Behind  a  building  known  as  the 
Old  Court  House  stands  what  are  said  to  be  the 
oldest  police  cells  in  London,  and  under  these  is 
the  entrance  to  a  subway  which  is  believed  to  have 
once  led  to  the  Tower,  nearly  a  mile  distant.  This 
subterranean  passage  is  now  blocked  up,  and  at  the 
entrance  there  stands  a  skeleton  of  awesome 
appearance.  The  building  was  formerly  known  as 
the  High  Court  of  Liberty,  and  it  is  supposed  to  be 
over  300  years  old.  Parts  have  been  demolished, 
and  much  has  been  altered,  but  there  still  remains 
a  great  deal  that  is  interesting. 

"  The  courthouse  is  now  the  home  of  the  German 
Oak  Club,  and  the  tine  apartment  in  which  trials 
took  place  is  used  for  dancing,  while  the  adjoining 
rooms  provide  accommodation  for  billiards.  The 
place  is  more  spacious  than  many  courts  of  modern 
construction,  and  the  woodwork  includes  several 
fine  specimens  of  hand-turned  oak.  A  winding 
stone  staircase  leads  to  the  two  cells  which  still 
remain  in  a  building  at  the  rear  of  the  courthouse, 
and  at  the  top  of  the  stairs  is  a  massive  and  strongly 
barred  door,  with  a  peephole  in  it.  This  leads  to 
the  first  of  the  two  fearsome  apartments.  The  only 
light  which  penetrates  these  gloomy  dens  comes 
through  gratings  high  up  against  the  ceiling,  and 
each  is  fitted  with  a  shutter,  by  means  of  which 
the  cells  can  be  plunged  in  inky  darkness.  Nearly 
half  the  floor  space  in  each  room  is  filled  by  a 
wooden  bed,  and  attached  to  the  walls  are  the 
rusty  chains  with  which  the  prisoners  were 
manacled.  Another  object  of  interest  is  a  strait- 
jacket,  made  of  stiff  canvas  with  iron  rings  which 
can  be  fastened  to  the  chains. 

"  Many  names,  inscriptions,  and  pictures  are 
carved  on  the  wooden  walls.  Some  or  the  letters 
are  now  undecipherable,  but  one  can  still  read, 
clearly  the  name  of  Edward  Burke,  who  is  said  to 
have  been  hanged  for  murder.  Close  by  is  carved 
'Edward  Ray,  December  27,  1758';  and  another 
inscription  runs  thus  :  '  Francis  Brittain,  June  27, 
1758.  Pray  remember  the  poor  debtors.'  On  the 
floor  of  the  first  cell  can  be  distinguished  the  squares 
of  a  chessboard,  cut  in  the  solid  oak.  Over  the 
door  between  the  two  cells  can  be  traced  the  words, 
rudely  shaped  :  '  The  rule  of  the  house  is  a  gallon 
of  beer ' ;  and  just  below,  in  neater  characters,  are 
the  words:  'John  Burn  came  in  April  11,  1751.' 
One  prisoner  broke  into  verse  thus : — 
The  cup  is  empty, 
To  our  sorrow ; 
But  hope  it  will 

Be  filled  to-morrow. 

Another  prisoner,  evidently  proud  of  his  profession, 
signed  himself  :  '  James  Carr,  smuggler,  1787.'  The 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s..x.  SEPT.  26, 


pictorial  efforts  include  churches,  a  crude  represen- 
tation of  the  Tower  of  London,  an  anchor,  and  the 
triple  emblem  of  the  rose,  shamrock,  and  thistle. 
In  the  cellars  under  the  courthouse  are  portions  of 
the  oak  furniture  of  the  court,  including  the  bench  ; 
and  running  under  the  roadway  of  Wellclose  Square 
is  a  dungeon  lined  with  brickwork  a  foot  thick." 

HAROLD  MALET,  Col. 

BANSTEAD  :  RACES  AND  MUTTON. — A 
writer  who  signs  himself  "  Wolferstone,"  in 
some  verses  prefixed  to  Thomas  de  Gray's 
'  Compleat  Horseman,'  1639,  professes  that 
if  he  does  not  commend  his  friend's  book  he 
deserves  to 

be  banisht  all  the  play 
At  Bansteed,  Winchester,  and  Salsbury. 

On  29  Dec.,  1657, 

"some  parties  of  horse  were  sent  to  Benstead 
Downes,  where  was  an  expectation  of  att  least  2000 
horse  to  bee  assembled  to  a  race,  and  many  if  nott 
most  of  the  eminent  Cavaleers."— '  Clarke  Papers,' 
Camel.  Soc.,  iii.  130. 

In  '  S'too  him  Bayes,'  Oxon,  1673  (a  reply 
to  Marvell's  '  Rehearsal  Transprosed ' ),  p.  80 : 

"'if  Cardinal  Chigi  covets   Bansted  Mutton   and 

Colchester  Oysters Mornings  Draughts  out  of 

our  Herefordshire  Red-streak  arid  Kentish  Pipins, 
in  this  case  I  must  (like  Frier  John)  take  up  Arms 
for  my  Vineyard." 

Pope,  in  his  '  Imitations  of  Horace,'  ii.  143 
(Globe  ed.,  by  A.  W.  Ward,  1870,  p.  293), 
writes  in  1733  :— 

To  Hounslow-heath  I  point  and  Bansted-down, 
Thence  comes  your  mutton. 

There  is  an  account  of  the  wells  on 
Bansted  downs  in  1  S.  iv.  315,  492. 

W.  C.  B. 

NEWLYN  COLONY  OF  ABTISTS. — The  follow- 
ing note  from  a  proof  of  the  will  of  the  late 
J.  Henry  Martin,  of  6,  Brunei  Terrace, 
Saltash,  may  interest  your  readers  : — 

"  He  began  life  as  a  midshipman,  making  voyages 
round  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  India,  but  later, 
from  1875  to  1895,  exhibited  his  pictures  at  the 
Royal  Academy,  and  practically  discovered  the 
village  of  Newlyn,  where  he  established  himself  as 
an  artist  in  1870.  He  left  estate  valued  at 
112^.  15s.  4d." 

Mr.  Martin  died  10  May  last  at  the  age  of 
seventy-two  years.  See  West  Briton,  25 
June,  1908.  P.  JENNINGS. 

St.  Day. 

THE  BASTINADO  AS  AN  ENGLISH  MILITARY 
PUNISHMENT. — A  quotation  of  1594  in  the 
*  H.E.D.'  mentions  that  "  if  a  Romane 
soldior. .  .  .went  out  of  his  ranke.  .  .  .he  had 
the  bastannado "  ;  but  no  illustration  is 
given  of  the  employment  of  this  punish- 
ment in  the  English  army.  A  very  striking 
one  is  to  be  found,  however,  in  the  '  Laws 


for  the  Troops,'  then  serving  in  the  Low 
Countries,  and  understood  to  be  of  the  date 
of  September,  1589,  which  provided,  inter 
alia,  that 

"  whosoever  shall  make  any  shout,  outcry,  or, 
without  cause,  discharge  a  piece,  either  in  march, 
station,  or  ambush,  or  give  causeless  alarm,  or  take 
his  arms  tumultuously,  shall  suffer  for  the  present, 
bastinados  ;  after,  arbitrary  punishment. 

"  No  man  shall  march  with  the  baggage  but  the 
companies  appointed,  or  straggle,  or  go  on  pilfering 
in  the  march,  on  pain  of  imprisonment  and  the 
bastinado,  if  he  be  taken." — Historical  MSS.  Com- 
mission, 'AncasterMSS.,'p.  290. 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

J.  H.  SHOBTHOTJSE  ON  '  JOHN  INGLESANT.' 
— I  find  in  The  Guardian  for  18  March, 
1903,  the  following  letter,  communicated 
by  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Wickham  :— 

Lansdowne,  Edgbaston,  October  5,  1883. 
Sir, — In  reply  to  your  letter  I  am  a  devoted  ad- 
herent of  the  Church  of  England  as  by  law  estab- 
lished. More  particularly  I  should  call  myself  "  a 
Broad  Church  Sacramentalist."  The  assertion  that 
I  am  an  agnostic  merely  shows  that  the  majority  of 
persons  who  use  the  phrase  are  totally  ignorant  of 

its  meaning The  entire  tone  of  '  John  Inglesant ' 

is  that  of  understatement— it  has  been  compared  to 
what  is  known  as  the  Aristotelian  irony,  or  what 
might  perhaps  be  called  "Christian  agnosticism." 
Your  obedient  servant, 

J.  HENRY  SHORTHOUSE. 
The  Rev.  W.  A.  Wickham. 

This  seems  to  me  worthy  of  preservation 
in  the  '  N.  &  Q.'  storehouse. 

F.  JARRATT. 

SEXTONS  :  THE  BRAMWELL  FAMILY. — 
The  following  extract  from  The  Derby 
Mercury,  I  May,  1908,  may  be  of  interest : — 

"  A  record  of  service  by  one  family  which  is  pro- 
bably unique  in  this  country  is  held  by  the  sexton 
of  Chapel-en-le-Frith.  For  an  unbroken  period  of 
at  least  277  years  the  office  of  sexton  has  been  held 
by  the  family  of  Bramwell  in  direct  line.  In  1631 
Peter  Bramwell  was  the  holder  of  that  useful,  if 
not  prominent  office,  and  he  continued  so  to  act 
for  52  years,  his  son  followed  for  40  years,  his  grand- 
son for  38  years,  his  great-grandson  for  50  years,  his 
great-great-grandson  for  43  years,  his  great-great- 
great-graridson  for  39  years  ;  whilst  Joseph  Bram- 
well, the  son  of  the  latter,  has  held  the  appoint- 
ment since  his  father's  death  in  1893  to  the  present 
time." 

W.  B.  H. 

TENNYSON  :  "  THE  RINGING  GROOVES  OF 
CHANGE." — Whatever  be  the  opinion  held 
by  the  literary  world  as  to  the  annotated 
Tennyson,  edited  by  his  son,  it  is  certainly 
the  richer  by  the  poet's  explanation  that 
he  wrote  the  above  line  almost  immediately 
after  his  first  railway  journey,  when  he  was 
given  to  understand  that  the  wheels  ran 
on  grooved  rails.  H.  P.  L. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


247 


(SJnmes. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

W.  H.  RIEHL  IN  ENGLISH. — Could  any  of 
your  readers  oblige  me  by  giving  the  full 
English  title  of  a  translation  of  W.  H.  Riehl's 
'  Culturgeschichtliche  Novellen,'  done  by 
Prof.  S.  Mendel  before  1890  ?  Have  any 
other  English  translations  of  the  same 
author's  works  been  published  ? 

MADAME  AIGUESPASSES. 
2A,  Rue  de  Berlin,  Ixelles,  Brussels. 

GARIBALDI. — Can  any  one  refer  me  to 
the  poem  of  which  the  following  verse  is 
part  ? 

For  the  shame  of  Asprpmonte, 

And  the  stain  of  Montana's  sod, 
But  forered  the  links  of  the  curse  that  broke 
From  our  bursting  hearts  to  God. 

G.  W.  E.  R. 

RAILWAY  ON  THE  THAMES  EMBANKMENT. 
— Could  any  of  your  readers  enlighten  me 
as  to  the  earlier  projects  for  the  Thames 
Embankment,  and  a  railway  line  to  be  con- 
structed on  it  ?  I  have  found  in  private 
papers  a  reference  to  an  audience  granted 
by  the  Prince  Consort,  in  the  very  early 
fifties,  to  a  Belgian  gentleman  who  submitted 
"  un  pro  jet  de  rue  de  fer  le  long  de  la  Tamise." 
It  might  be  interesting  to  find  this  old 
"  pro  jet."  OXSHOTT. 

[Some  earlier  suggestions  respecting  the  Embank- 
ment were  noticed  at  10  S.  viii.  103,  166,  193.] 

LEECH'S  ETCHINGS  ON  STEEL. — In  the 
summer  of  1865  a  limited  number  of  copies 
were  issued  of  '  One  Hundred  and  Seventy 
Designs  and  Etchings  by  John  Leech,'  on 
India  paper,  on  large  folio  mounts.  The 
etchings  contained  in  the  two  volumes  of 
this  work  were  derived  from  various  sources — 
*  Adventures  of  Mr.  Ledbury,'  '  The  Mar- 
chioness of  Brinvilliers,'  '  The  Porcelain 
Tower,'  'Colin  Clink,'  'The  Scattergood 
Family,'  '  Stanley  Thorn,'  '  Aspen  Court,' 
and  a  few  other  works  ;  and  also  from  various 
short  stories  which  appeared  in  Bentley's 
Miscellany. 

The  list  of  plates  which  is  prefixed  to  the 
work  does  not  (except  in  a  few  instances, 
and  then  frequently  incorrectly)  give,  the 
name  of  the  book  or  story  with  which  the 
plates  were  associated.  Nevertheless,  out  of 
the  170  etchings  the  origin  of  169  has  been 


arrived  at.  One  illustration,  however,  has 
so  far  escaped  identification  with  its  source, 
viz.,  plate  52,  '  An  Irish  Love  Adventure  ' 
(a  man  bolting  for  his  life,  another  man  just 
knocked  down,  two,. women  and  a  man  in 
the  middle  of  the  plate). 

Perhaps  some  admirer  of  Leech's  work 
may  be  able  to  supply  the  reference.  It  is 
not  to  be  found  in  Mr.  Frith's  '  Life  of  Leech,' 
or  in  Mr.  Kitton's  or  Dr.  Brown's  notes  re- 
garding him.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

[The  story,  but  not  the  plate,  is  to  be  found  in 
Bentley's  Miscellany,  vol.  ix.  pp.  241-54.  The 
engraving  was  completed  perhaps  too  late  for 
insertion.] 

KNOCKING  OFF  A  PRIEST'S  BONNET. — 
About  1493  Langlands  of  that  ilk  killed  a 
priest  of  Melrose  in  the  vicinity  of  Hawick. 
Tradition  adds  that,  seeing  the  enormity 
of  his  crime,  Langlands  hastily  rode  to  Holy- 
rood  and  successfully  asked  pardon  of  King 
James  for  "  knocking  off  a  priest's  bonnet." 
When  the  clerk  was  writing  out  the  pardon, 
Langlands  bribed  him  to  insert  the  statement 
that  when  the  bonnet  was  knocked  off,  the 
priest's  head  was  in  it.  Are  similar  traditions 
extant  elsewhere  ?  G.  W — N. 

Oxford. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.. — 
I  shall  be  much  obliged  if  some  of  your 
learned  readers  will  help  me  to  answer  the 
following  questions. 

1.  "  To  contemplate  the  spectacle  of  life  with 
appropriate  emotions"  has  been  called  the  poet's 
true  aim  by  William  Wordsworth.      Where  ? 

2.  "To  possess  one's  soul":    Where  may,  this 
expression  occur  ? 

3.  "  Nothing  is  more  rare  in  any  man  than  an  act 
of  his  own  "  has  been  said  by  Emerson.    Where  ? 

4.  "  Even  the  gods  cannot  alter  the  past"  is  said 
to  occur  in  the  Gnomic  aphorisms  of  the  Greeks. 
How  runs  the  original  expression  ? 

5.  Where  does  Gautier  refer  to  one  of  those  "  pour 
qui  le  moride  visible  existe  "  ? 

6.  Is  the  i)hrase    "  a  lack    of    appreciation "    a 
quotation  ? 

M.  M. 
Berlin. 

your  souls." — 


[2.  "  In  your  patience  possess  ye 
Like  xxi.  19,  Authorized  Version.] 


Luke 

THE  REVOLUTION  SOCIETY. — I  shall  be 
grateful  if  any  of  your  readers  can  tell  me 
if  the  records  of  this  Society  exist,  and  where 
I  can  consult  them.  It  was  a  social  Whig 
club,  which  had  its  origin  in  the  reign  of 
William  III.  Its  principles  were  personal 
and  political  freedom  and  liberty  of  con- 
science, which  it  termed  the  rights  of  man 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 


It  lived  to  promote  these  principles  in  a  con 
stitutional  way  for  over  one  hundred  year? 
and  then  dissolved  itself,  being  suspectec 
of  sympathy  (owing  to  its  name)  with  the 
principles  of  the  French  Revolutionists 
I  shall  be  glad  to  have  any  literary  references 
to  the  Society  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
"  Simon  Search,"  the  editor  of  The  Spirit 
of  the  Times,  sometimes  mentioned  it  in  his 
periodical  numbers.  He  also  wrote  a  letter 
to  the  members,  urging  them  to  more  exten- 
sive action  in  the  cause  of  the  principles 
they  were  associated  to  uphold.  But  they 
shrank  from  the  methods  of  the  French 
Revolution,  and  as  a  society  dissolved. 

FRANK  PENNY. 
3,  Park  Hill,  Baling.         .    - 

"  WRONGHALF  "  :  "  PYCH  "  :  "  TARGE." 
— Can  any  reader  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  explain  the 
term  "  wronghalf "  or  "  wranghalf,"  as 
applied  to  some  process  cloth  underwent 
at  a  fuller's  hands  ?  The  expression  seems 
to  imply  that  the  cloth  was  turned  on  its 
wrong  side.  The  Coventry  Leet  Book  (1518) 
has  : — 

"  No  man put  no  cloth  to  ony  walker  to  full 

but  if  he  will wranghalf  it." 

2.  Can  any  one  explain  the  word  "  pych  " 
—  pitch,  as  applied  to  the  size  of  the  slay 
or  weaver's  reed  ? 

"  Ther  be  noen  [i.e.  slays]  occupied  but  of  a  true 
pych,  £>at  [is]  xiij  quarters  and  a  half  or  xiij  at 
te  lest"— Ibid.,  1514. 

3.  What  is  the  meaning  of  "  targe  "  ? 
"Dyuers  inhabitants have  used  to  hawke  and 

to  hunt,  kepying  haukes,  greyhondes spanielles, 

ferettes,    heyes,    targes,    and    other    engennes." — 
Ibid.,  1525. 

M.  DORMER  HARRIS. 
16,  Gaveston  Road,  Leamington. 

DUKE  or  WESTMINSTER'S  ELOPEMENT 
WITH  Miss  CHILD. — I  remember  seeing  in 
some  illustrated  journal  a  short  time  ago 
an  account  of  the  Duke  of  Westminster 
eloping  with  Miss  Child.  There  was  an 
illustration  of  the  postchaise,  &c.  Can  any 
reader  kindly  tell  me  the  name  and  date 
of  the  publication  ? 

MABERLY  PHILLIPS,  F.S.A. 
Steyning,  Enfield. 

HANNAH  MARIA  JONES. — Who  was  this 
lady  ?  In  1837  she  published  a  novel  bearing 
the  name  of  'The  Gipsey  Girl.'  When  I 
was  a  child  it  was  read  aloud  in  the  nursery, 
and  was  to  me  a  most  enthralling  work. 
Were  any  more  books,  imaginative  or  other- 
wise, produced  by  her  ?  I  have  not  found 
her  name  in  any  book  of  reference  that  I 
have  consulted.  COM.  EBOR. 


GEDNEY  CHURCH,  LINCOLNSHIRE.  —  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  where  I  can  find 
particulars  of  this  church,  or  any  information 
about  it.  C.  H.  R. 

PARLIAMENTARY  APPLAUSE  :  rrs  EARLIEST 
USE. — In  the  course  of  one  of  my  contribu- 
tions to  the  discussion  of  the  question  of 
the  origin  of  "Hear,  hear!"  (see  4  S.  ix. 
200,  229,  285  ;  6  S.  xii.  346  ;  8  S.  iv.  447  ; 
v.  34  ;  vi.  518  ;  xi.  31,  95  ;  9  S.  i.  216  ;  iii. 
133)  I  asked  (but  as  yet  have  received  no- 
reply  to  the  query)  what  were  its  foreign 
equivalents  as  a  mode  of  parliamentary 
applause. 

I  would  now  supplement  this  with  a 
further  question  as  to  when  parliamentary 
applause  of  any  kind  came  into  recognized 
use.  I  find  an  example  in  1679,  on  30  April 
of  which  year  Col.  Edward  Cooke,  writing 
from  London  to  the  Duke  of  Ormond, 
then  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  and  describing  the 
delivery  of  a  Speech  from  the  Throne  by 
Charles  II.,  observed  : — 

*•'  If  one  may  infer  the  heart  from  the  voice,  theirs 
was  very  joyful,  for  I  never  yet  heard  so  loud  hums 
so  often  repeated  as  on  the  occasion  of  this  speech, 
so  that  there  was  a  great  pause  of  silence  necessi- 
tated between  every  paragraph."— Historical  Mfeb. 
Commission,  'Ormonde  MSS.,'  New  Series,  vol.  v. 
p.  74. 

The  same  correspondent,  writing  to 
Ormond  on  23  Oct.,  1680,  and  referring 
to  another  King's  speech,  said  : — 

"When  the  King  came  to  that  endearing  expres- 
sion of  his  tenderness  to  the  Protestant  religion, 
the  echo  was  a  unanimous  hum  of  applause." — Ibid., 
p.  459. 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

UNITED    STATES  :     SOCIAL   LIFE   IN   THE 
SOUTH. — Will  some  one  acquainted  with  the 
social    development    of    the   United    States 
nlighten  an  Englishwoman  on  the  following 
points  ? — 

1.  What  is  supposed  to  have  been  the 
number  of  undoubtedly  cultivated  families 
in  the  Southern  States  during  Colonial 

:imes,    as   compared   with   the   rest   of   the 

population  ? 

2.  What  was  the  number  of  such  families 
ust  before  the  Civil  War  broke  out  ? 

3.  What  was  the  proportion  of   families 
having    a    household    of    from    six    to    ten 

fficient  servants — not  half-trained  negroes 
— with  satisfactory  grooms,  gardeners,  and 
ther  employees  in  addition  ? 

4.  Are    many    old    Colonial   mansions    of 
respectable  size  to  be  found  ? 

To  judge  by  modern  historical  novels, 
ihe  country  must  have  been  full  of  families 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


249 


who  had  acquired  wide  cultivation  and  highly 
polished  manners  from  some  source  ;  bu 
could  this  possibly  be  in  the  circumstances 
which  actually  existed  ?  The  lives  anc 
letters  of  well-known  people  born  in  th< 
South  scarcely  imply  it. 

To  take  one  instance.  The  correspond 
ence  of  the  great  soldier  General  Roben 
E.  Lee  fails  to  suggest  that  he  had  receivec 
much  training  beyond  that  which  had  to 
be  acquired  for  professional  purposes.  His 
letters  have  few,  or  none,  of  the  illuminating 
references  to  art,  natural  science,  and  bygone 
social  conditions  which  are  to  be  met  with 
in  the  letters  of  Italians,  Frenchmen,  anc 
Englishmen  of  high  education.  Do  any 
memoirs  and  letters  testifying  to  superior 
refinement  of  manner  and  high  cultivation 
of  mind — in  any  but  exceptional  circum- 
stances— exist  ?  W.  T. 

MISTRESS  RACHEL  How. — I  should  be 
glad  if  any  one  would  give  me  information 
concerning  the  above  lady.  I  have  an  old 
mezzotint,  without  date,  representing  her 
as  a  child,  with  a  dove  on  her  hand.  Be- 
neath is  "  Kneller  S.  R.  Imp.  et  Angl.  Eques 
aur.  pinx.  Sold  by  T.  Smith  at  the  Lyon 
and  Crown  in  Russel  Street,  Co  vent  Garden. 
Rachel  is  not  mentioned  among  Prince 
Rupert's  grandchildren ;  but  might  she  have 
died  young  ?  F.  UPFIELD  GREEN. 

8,  Bramshill  Road,  Harlesden. 

MORTIMER  COLLINS. — I  have  been  informed 
on  good  authority  that  the  late  Mortimer 
Collins,  poet  and  novelist,  published  in  The 
Dublin  University  Magazine  several  things 
which  have  never  been  reprinted.  Mr. 
Frank  Kerslake  in  his  'Attic  Salt'  (1880) 
gives  twenty  or  more  quotations  from  them. 
I  am  anxious  to  have  a  list  of  such  of  Collins' s 
writings  as  may  be  found  in  that  now  extinct 
periodical.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

WILLIAM  BRUCE,  PHYSICIAN,  IN  POLAND. — 
Bruce  was  physician  to  the  King  of  Poland 
in  1608,  and  figures  frequently  in  letters 
written  to  our  Foreign  Office  (P.R.O.  :  S.P., 
Poland,  bundle  2).  What  is  known  of  his 
origin  and  end  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

CAPT.  BARTON  OF  H.M.S.  LICHFIELD. — 
In  November,  1758,  H.M.S.  Lichfield  was 
wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Barbary,  and  the 
crew  were  kept  in  a  state  of  slavery  by  the 
Moorish  people  until  ransomed  by  the 
English  Government.  On  their  return  Lieut. 
Sutherland  published  a  deeply  interesting 
log,  setting  forth  the  hardships  sustained  ; 


and  Capt.  Barton  was  tried  for  losing  his 
ship,  and  honourably  acquitted.  What  were 
the  birthplace  and  family  of  Capt.  Barton  ? 

K.  CHERRY. 
Exeter. 

AUGVALDSNAES      CHURCH,     NORWAY.  A 

paragraph  in  one  of  the  many  scissors-and- 
paste  periodicals  describes  a  monolith  in  the 
churchyard  of  the  above,  called  "  The  Virgin 
Mary's  Needle,"  of  about  the  same  dimensions 
as  the  celebrated  monolith  at  Rudstone  in 
Yorkshire.  Where  can  I  consult  the  original 
source  of  the  paragraph,  or  find  a  detailed 
account  of  the  Norwegian  obelisk  ? 

AYEAHR. 

LANSDOWNE  PASSAGE,  BERKELEY  STREET. 

— Can  you  refer  me  to  a  book  which   will 

give  particulars  as  to  the  origin  and  history 

of  Lansdowne  Passage,  Berkeley  Street,  W.  ? 

E.  PRESTON  HYTCH. 

8,  Etheldene  Avenue,  Mu8well  Hill,  N. 

MILTON'S  SONGS  SET  TO  Music. — Where 
can  I  obtain  a  list  of  Milton's  songs  set  to 
music  ?  M.  A. 

RICHARD  WEYON,  TEMP.  RICHARD  III. — 
Who  was  Richard  Weyon  of  Chepe,  temp. 
Richard  III.  ?  His  name  appears  on  the 
earliest  known  London  token,  which  has 
just  been  described  and  figured  by  me  in 
Spink's  Monthly  Numismatic  Circular  for 
August.  C.  DAVIES  SHERBORN. 

BAYDON,  CUMBERLAND. — Can  any  reader 
of  *  N.  &  Q.'  identify  this  place  ?  I  cannot 
find  it  in  a  gazetteer. 

At  the  visitation  of  Leicestershire  in  1619 
the  pedigree  of  William  Sharpe  of  Rolleston 
was  deduced  from  a  younger  son  of  the 
Sharpe  family  of  Baydon,  Cumberland, 
and  the  coat  of  arms  was  confirmed  to  him. 
There  is  a  village  of  the  name  in  Wiltshire  ; 
is  it  possible  the  Herald  made  a  mistake  ? 

HENRY  CURTIS  SHARPE. 
Buckleigh  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 

DEAN  COLET'S  NAME  :  ITS  PRONUNCIA- 
TION.— At  St.  Paul's  School  the  founder's 
name  is  pronounced,  I  am  told,  as  if  spelt 
with  a  double  I',  but  some  time  since  I  heard 
a  well-known  preacher  pronounce  it  as  if 
spelt  with  the  o  long.  Which  is  correct  ? 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

PICKTHALL.— Picthall,  Picthal,  Picthaw, 
r*icthau,  &c.,  are  variants  of  this  name,  which 
>ccurs  frequently  on  the  border  of  Cumber- 
and  and  Westmorland. 

Thomas  Pickthall  (Vicar  of  Brqxbourne, 
Herts,  circa  1837)  was  son  of  a  yeoman 


250 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im. 


("statesman")  described  as  "of  Craighall* 
near  Penrith,  Cumberland."  No  such  farm 
exists  at  the  present  day.  I  shall  be  glad 
to  hear  of  any  pedigrees  of  this  family,  and 
particularly  of  the  antecedents  of  the  above 
Thomas.  PHILOSYRUS. 

MONASTIC  ESTATES. — A  statement  js  con- 
stantly made  that  the  monastic  estates 
in  England  before  the  fall  of  the  religious 
houses  extended  over  something  like  a  third 
of  the  land  in  the  kingdom.  On  what 
authority  does  this  rest  ?  It  seems  to  us 
an  exaggeration.  By  what  means  has  the 
calculation  been  arrived  at  ?  N.  M.  &  A. 

KING  EDWIN'S  DWARFS. — In  Goethe's 
description  of  the  siege  of  Mentz  at  the  time 
of  the  French  Revolution  there  occurs  an 
allusion  to  King  Edwin  and  his  army  of 
dwarfs  coming  forth  from  a  mountain.  Who 
was  this  King  Edwin  ?  T.  F. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


FLYING  MACHINES  :    "  AVIATION." 

(10  S.  x.  186.) 

THE     following    occurs    in     The    London 
Journal  of  18  Oct.,  1851  : — 

"'It  is  announced,'  says  The  Sheffield  Inde- 
pendent, 'that  "the  latest  scientific  improvement 
of  our  age  is  about  to  be  verified,"  and  the  objects 
of  the  society  are  thus  set  forth  :— "  This  society  is 
instituted  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  and  carrying 
out  improvements  of  a  purely  scientific  character. 
Illustrations  will  be  given  in  diagrams  upon  aerosta- 
tion by  wings,  which  will  enable  an  athletic  person 
to  fly,  by  a  simple  piece  of  mechanism,  over  hill 
and  dale,  through  the  air  [sic],  at  great  velocity, 
without  the  aid  of  steam  or  other  but  mechanical 
contrivances."  Mr.  G.  Cavill  is  secretary,  and  a 
Mr.  Miers  Hind,  engineer.'"— P.  106. 
Upon  this  (p.  222  of  the  same  London  Journal) 
comes  the  description  of  an  experimental 
flight  actually  achieved  by  a  Mr.  Thomas 
d'Arville,  by  birth  a  Frenchman,  in  November 
or  December,  1851  : — 

"  Mr.  d'Arville  sent  written  invitations  to  several 
scientific  men  and  members  of  the  press,  including 


7  •      J 1  '    ~-.^*-wy     VA        VA.IV/    ^C/C^l/O    ,       JLUUIJ.J.V 

Fontaine  and  Duport,  of  the  Union;  Ludovic 
Charreau,  of  the  Estafette  ;  E.  Taxier,  of  the  Siecle. 
The  Journal  des  Chemins  de  Per  was  represented 
by  Mr.  Mires;  the  Charivari  by  Mr.  Cham;  the 
Gazette  de  France  by  Mr.  Durbin  ;  the  Evenement 
by  Mr.  Costa;  the  Messager  by  Mr.  Garcin.  Mr. 
Gozlau  brought  with  him  an  English  traveller,  Mr. 

William  Watson At  five  minutes  to  four  we  saw 

a  travelling  carriage  appear,  containing  three  per- 
sons—Mr. d'Arville  and  his  two  assistants,  Messrs. 


Pierre  Doulley  and  Jules  Flamund ;  two  wooden 
cases;  containing  the  wings  and  machinery,  being 

placed  on  the  top  of  the  carriage The  adjustment 

)f  the  pieces  did  not  last  longer  than  five  minutes. 
Vtr.  d'Arville  then  said  :  '  Gentlemen,  I  am  going 
to  make  the  experiment ;  rely  on  my  success,  and 
allow  me  a  fair  proportion  of  room  to  enable  me 
to  start  securely.' 

"  Having  placed  himself  in  the  flexible  machine, 
Mr.  d'Arville  then  said  :  *  I  am  ready  ! '  and  press- 
ing his  feet  on  two  pedals  in  the  foot-board,  he  rose 
majestically  through  the  air  in  a  perpendicular 
ine.  He  was  furnished  with  a  cord  measuring  a 
lundred  yards,  having  at  the  end  a  leaden  bullet. 
By  this  means  it  became  apparent  in  about  a  minute 
that  he  was  300  feet  above  our  heads. 

"  Nothing  can  paint  the  astonishment,  or  rather 
:he  terror,  of  us  all ;  and  the  most  tremendous 
cheering  and  applause  testified  our  wonder.  Then 
Mr.  d'Arville— through  the  medium  of  a  speaking 
trumpet-j-said  :  '  I  will  now  proceed  to  the  oblique 
and  continuous  flight.' 

"  Accordingly,  with  a  change  of  pedals,  he 
directed  his  flight  whichever  way  he  wished,  with- 
out the  least  sign  of  a  jerk,  and  we  must  say  without 
any  apparent  peril.  After  having  traversed  a  space 
not  less  than  the  vast  square  of  the  Champ  de 
Mars,  Mr.  d'Arville  came  and  alighted  at  our  feet, 
taking  no  more  time  in  his  descent  than  a  sheet  of 
paper  thrown  out  of  a  window  when  the  air  is 
still. — Paris  Paper." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMICHAEL. 

Deene  Streatham. 


TURSTIN    DE    WlGMORE  !      TlJRSTIN    FLAN- 

DBENSIS  (10  S.  x.  205). — I  am  not.  responsible 
for  the  Domesday  article  in  the  '  Victoria 
History  of  Shropshire,'  which  is  by  Prof. 
Tait ;  but  if  MR.  WIG  MORE  will  refer  to  my 
Domesday  article  in  the  '  Victoria  History 
of  Herefordshire  '  (vol.  i.  pp.  303-4),  he  will 
find  that  I  have  there  forestalled  him  in  his 
statements  and  in  the  evidence  on  which  they 
are  based.  J.  H.  ROUND. 

INFERIOR  CLERGY,  THEIR  APPELLATIONS  : 
SIR"  (10  S.  ix.  286,  454;  x.  175).— The 
prefix  "  Sir "  or  "  Schir "  to  denote  an 
ungraduated  cleric  was  in  very  common  use 
in  Scotland  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries  and  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth, 
and  the  circumstance  has  given  rise  to  some 
confusion  in  historical  and  ballad  literature, 
it  being  often  taken  for  granted  that  a  person 
bearing  the  title  "  Sir  "  was  a  knight.  On 
this  subject  Pinkerton  has  an  interesting 
note  in  '  The  Bruce,'  to  the  lines 

And  amang  others  off  the  Douglase 
Put  in  presourie  Wilyam  wase, 
That  off  Douglase  was  Lord  and  Syr. 

The  note  says  : — 

"  There  was  no  Earl  of  this  great  family  till  1357, 
'Annals  of  Scot.,'^  ii.  224.  Barbour  uses  'Syr'  for 
'  Lord '  by  a  contraction  of  Seigneur.  Our  applica- 
tion of  '  Sir '  to  knights  only  is  of  modern  date,  and 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


anciently  even  priests  had  the  '  Sir,'  a  translation 
of  Dommus,  implying  either  Lord  or  Master.  The 
chiefs  of  Douglas  were  barons;  and  the  title  of 
'Sir'  prefixt  to  their  names  and  to  others  by 
modern  writers,  following  the  ancient,  is  improper, 
because  that  prefixture  now  belongs  to  knights 
only,  whereas  in  ancient  times  even  kings  had  it— 
'Schir  Edward,  the  nobil  king.'"- -'The  Bruce' 
<ed.  1790),  vol.  i.  p.  14,  n. 

Those  who  have  access  to  Fosbrooke's  '  Anti- 
quities '  will  find  the  point  dealt  with  there 
also. 

In  the  Song  School  of  this  city — the 
earliest  known  Song  School  in  Scotland, 
established  as  an  adjunct  to  the  church 
at  least  as  early  as  the  middle  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  and  lasting  down  till  1749 
— the  master  was  often  "  Sir."  Thus,  on 
7  June,  1510, 

"  The  said  day,  the  pro  vest,  bailzeis,  and  [town] 
counsaile,  for  honour  arid  uphaldin  of  goddis  service, 
conducit  and  feit  [fee'd]  Schir  Johnne  Troumbull, 
sangster,  to  serve  in  thair  queyr  and  kirk  in  all 
divine  service,  messis,  matutinis,  evynsangis,  and 
all  uder  service  belanging  to  ane  sangster,  for  ane 
yer  to  cum." 

This  Sir  John  Troumbull  (or  Turnbull)  was 
master  of  the  Song  School  at  the  time.  He 
was  followed  in  the  same  office  by  Sir 
John  Cuming  in  1518,  and  he  by  Sir  Andro 
Coupar,  and  so  on. 

As  bearing  out  Pinkerton's  statement 
that  the  "  Sir  "  was  applied  to  priests  as  a 
translation  of  Dominus,  there  is  an  entry 
in  the  burgh  registers  of  Aberdeen,  of  date 
1448,  the  rubric  of  which  bears  that  on 
15  June  "  Dominus  Nicholas  de  Blar," 
rector  of  the  parish  of  Dunnottar,  presented 
letters  of  the  King  to  the  Provost  and  Baillies 
demanding  inquiry  into  a  slander  against 
him ;  and  he  becomes  in  the  translated 
text  "  Schir  Nicolo  of  Blar,"  chaplain  to 
William,  Lord  Hay,  Constable  of  Scotland. 
Again,  in  1456  Sir  Henry  Harvey  was  made 
one  of  the  chaplains  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church 
in  the  city  ;  in  1484  some  scandal  was  occa- 
sioned in  the  town  by  disputes  between  two 
colleagues  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  "  Schir 
Andro  Gray  and  Schir  Walter  Young, 
chaplanis  "  ;  and  in  1505  the  authorities 
"  grantit  and  gef  to  Schir  Thomas  Lamming- 
tone,  chapellane,  Sanct  Clementis  Chapele, 
for  ale  the  dais  of  hys  lyve." 

Sometimes  "  Sir "  was  used  in  place  of 
"  Master  "  or  "  Maister,"  which  was  the  dis- 
tinctive clerical  designation  after  graduation 
for  many  years ;  and  sometimes  it  was  applied 
to  a  public  official,  "  Sir  Andro  Wright, 
maister  of  the  kirk  wark,"  who,  however, 
may  have  been  of  the  same  status  as  the 
other  clerical  personages.  It  was  also  ap- 
plied to  legal  men — "  Sir  Johne  Sterueling, 


notar  publict,"  nourished  in  the  city  in  1511  ; 
as  "  Schir  Robert  Leis,  public  notar,"  did 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  before. 

In  such  a  case  as  -the  following,  4  May, 
1511,  bearing  on  preparations  which  were 
being  made  by  a  commission  for  a  visit  of 
Queen  Margaret  to  the  city,  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  tell  with  certainty  who  .were 
clerics  and  who  laymen  : — 

"Apoun  the  quhilks  the  provest  askit  instru- 
ment of  me,  Sir  Johne  Sterueling,  notar  publict, 
befor  Sir  Thomas  Bynne,  Sir  Davy  Leis,  Sir  Thomas 
Wricht,  and  Sir  Davy  Lyel,  and  the  said  com- 
missioun  and  assedationis  to  be  maid  one  the 
seuerast  wiss  [severest  wise]  to  burges,  induellaris 
of  the  said  burgh." 

Frequently,  in  the  case  of  knights,  the 
appellation  "  Knt."  or  "  knycht  "  was  added, 
and  so  made  matters  easy  for  later  inquirers  ; 
but  the  practice  was  not  invariable. 

G.  M.  FBASEB. 

Public  Library,  Aberdeen. 

A  perusal  of  '  The  Medieval  Records  of 
a  London  City  Church '  (E.E.T.S.  No.  125) 
throws  much  light  on  the  subject.  The  title 
"  Sir,"  during  the  years  1420-1559  covered 
by  the  book,  is  applied  not  to  "  Mr.  parson," 
nor  his  deputy,  the  parish  priest,  but  to  the 
curate  and  to  the  very  numerous  chantry 
priests  or  morrow-mass  priests,  whose 
"  wages  "  were  paid  by  the  churchwardens 
out  of  the  funded  property  of  the  chantries. 
Rarely  a  "Sir  Priest "  was  engaged  for  the 
choir  as  a  bass,  or  as  a  "  quondocke  "  (con- 
duct). Towards  the  close  of  the  period 
under  review  these  priests  were  paid  at  the 
rate  of  8d.  a  day  for  casual  services,  2s.  Sd. 
a  week,  and  6Z.  13s.  4d.  a  year  ;  for  which 
period  the  curate  received  12Z.  The  annual 
wage  of  the  parish  clerk  was  also  6Z.  13s.  4d. 

H.  P.  L. 

I  believe  that  Bachelors  of  Arts  at  .Queen's 
College,  Oxon,  are  still  (or  were  until  recently) 
designated   "  Sir "   by  their  servants  when 
ordering  beer,  &c.,  for  them  at  the  buttery. 
A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

See  Nares's  '  Glossary,'  1822,  s.n.  '  Sir.' 
He  quotes  Spenser,  Shakespeare,  Ben  Jonson, 
and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

LIONEL  SCHANK. 

"  BAAL-FIRES  "  (10  S.  x.  206).— This  is 
most  instructive.  There  have  been  few  more 
curious  crazes  than  that  of  "  the  antiquaries 
with  theories  of  Celtic  or  Canaanitish  idola- 
tries." who,  as  Sir  James  Murray  says',  turned 
the  Old  English  bale-fire  into  Baal- fire  I 
See  the  '  N.E.D.' 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im 


Bale  simply  meant  "  blaze,"  and  a  bale- 
fire was  a  blazing  fire  "  that  burnt  bravely. 
The  '  N.E.D.'  well  quotes  Scott's  '  Lay  of  the 
Last  Minstrel,'  iv.  1  : 

The  glaring  bale-fires  blaze  no  more. 

We  should  always  be  on  our  guard  against 
the  antiquaries  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
They  were  most  unscrupulous  in  manufac- 
turing evidence  in  favour  of  their  extraordi- 
nary theories.  Perhaps  the  most  comic  was 
their  supposition  that  Tothill  (i.e.  toot-hill, 
or  lookout-hill)  proved  the  existence  in  Eng- 
land of  the  worship  of  the  Egyptian  Thoth. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Information  respecting  these  fires  will 
be  found  under  the  words  "  Beltane  "  and 
"  Bonfire  "  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  A  note  to  the 
former  dismisses  their  suggested  connexion 
with  a  worship  of  Baal. 

Great  fires  were  lighted  on  Old  May  Day 
(Beltane),  apparently  to  announce  the  be- 
ginning of  summer,  and  again  on  Old  Mid- 
summer Day,  when  the  sun  had  reached  the 
highest  altitude  of  the  year.  The  observance 
of  the  custom  is  thus  referred  to  in  the 
Ordinary  of  the  Incorporated  Company  of 
Cooks  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  dated  1575  : 

"The  said  fellowship  of  cookes  shall  yearely  of 
theire  owne  cost  and  charge  mainteigne  and  keep 
the  bonefires  according  to  the  auncient  custome  of 
the  said  towne  one  the  Sand-hill  there  that  is 
to  say  one  bonefire  on  the  even  of  the  feast  of  the 
Nativitie  of  St.  John  Baptist  commonly  called 
Midsomer  even  and  the  other  on  the  even  of  the 
feast  of  St.  Peter  the  Apostle."— Brand,  'Hist,  of 
Newcastle,'  ii.  722. 

The  Midsummer  bonefire  has  long  since 
ceased  to  be  lighted  in  Newcastle  ;  but  in 
the  village  of  Whalton,  situated  within 
thirteen  miles  of  Newcastle,  the  custom  is 
still  maintained  with  annual  regularity. 
It  is  no  longer  a  fire  of  bones,  but  a  pile  of 
faggots,  and  the  wood  used  is  carted  only 
to  the  township  boundary.  Thence  it  is 
drawn  by  hand  to  the  centre  of  the  village, 
where  it  is  carefully  built  up  and  lighted. 
After  dancing  round  the  blazing  pile,  young 
couples  leap  through  the  smouldering  embers 
for  luck.  The  Rev.  Canon  Walker,  Rector 
of  Whalton,  has  for  many  years  been  in 
attendance  at  the  Midsummer  fire.  What 
other  instances  of  the  custom  remain  with 
an  unbroken  record  of  observance  ? 

R.  OLIVER  HESI.OP. 
Ne  wcastle-upon  -  Ty  n  e. 

The  spelling  "  Baal- fire  "  is  to  be  depre- 
cated, "  bale-fire "  having  nothing  to  do 
with  Baal  or  "  bale  "  (evil).  The  first  word 
is  from  the  O.E.  b&l,  flame,  fira — hence  a 


funeral  pyre  ;  cf.  O.N.  bcela,  to  burn.  The 
meaning  is  clearly  seen  in  '  Wars  of  Alexan- 
der '  (Skeat),  1.  2231,  where  the  city  being 
"  on  a  bale  kyndild  "  is  rendered  in  another 
MS.  "on  a  blasse  [blaze]  kyndlett."  The 
author  of  '  The  Cheuelere  Assigne '  (Knight 
of  the  Swan)  appears  to  have  connected  the 
word  with  O.E.  bealu  (bale),  as  he  twice 
uses  the  expression  "  balowe  fyre." 

H.  P.  L. 

DON  SALTERO'S  TAVERN,  CHELSEA  (10  S. 
x.  67,  110).— With  reference  to  the  site  of 
Don  Saltero's  Coffee-House,  I  should  like 
to  say  that  the  old  rate-books,  read  in  con- 
junction with  various  conveyances  entered 
at  the  Middlesex  Land  Registry  (to  the  study 
of  which  I  have  devoted  an  immense  amount 
of  time),  clearly  establish  the  following  facts. 

1.  James  Salter  was  living  in  that  part 
of  Cheyne  Walk  west  of   the  church  in  1685 
— long  before  Sir  Hans  Sloane   bought   the 
Manor  of  Chelsea. 

2.  In  1695  he  and  one  Edward  Hatfield 
occupied  the  house  at  the  south-west  corner 
of  Lawrence  Street,  the  site  of  which  is  now 
occupied  by  the  Cheyne  Hospital  for  Children. 

3.  In   1709  (possibly  earlier)  he  had  the 
house  at  the  south-east  corner  of  Danvers 
Street,  now  occupied  by  a  baker. 

4.  In  1 7 1 8  he  moved  to  a  newly  built  house, 
which  is  still  standing  (No.  18.  Cheyne  Walk), 
where   his   family   carried   on   the   business 
till  quite  late  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

In  the  earlier  rate-lists  there  are  no  divi- 
sions of  streets  ;  the  names  run  on  con- 
tinuously, and  Faulkner  seems  to  have  been 
misled  by  this.  The  row  of  five  houses 
between  the  church  and  Lawrence  Street 
follows  on  next  after  Church  Lane,  and  that, 
I  suppose,  is  why  Faulkner  said  that  Atter- 
bury  lived  in  Church  Lane,  whereas  he 
really  lived  in  the  house  next  to  the  church, 
on  Cheyne  Walk.  Afterwards  he  moved 
into  Danvers  Street,  on  the  east  side  ;  and 
Swift  lodged  "  over  against  "  his  house,  in 
Danvers  Street. 

As  I  was  responsible  for  planning  the 
episode  in  the  Chelsea  Pageant  as  happening 
in  1714,  I  hope  you  will  publish  this  justifica- 
tion of  our  so-called  "  Paareant  history." 

R.  D. 

CARNMARTH  :  LANNARTH  (10  S.  ix.  309). — 
I  do  not  think  that  there  is  necessarily  any 
connexion  between  the  meanings  of  these 
names.  "  Lannarth,"  except  in  formal  docu- 
ments and  in  "Lannarth  House,"  is  obso- 
lescent. "  Lanner "  is  a  common  Cornish 
place-name.  There  are  two  places  thus 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


named  in  Gwennap,  two  in  Kea,  two  in 
Sithney,  two  in  St.  Allen,  and  one  each  in 
Lansallos  and  St.  Anthony  -  in  -  Meneage  ; 
possibly  there  are  others. 

Of  Carnmarth,  Norden  says,  "  Kern-margh 
beacon  or  Carn-marigh,  signifyinge  rocke 
wher  horses  shelter  them  "  ;  and  this  seems 
to  be  a  plausible  explanation.  Cam,  s.m., 
signifies  a  rock,  a  rocky  place,  a  high  rock  ; 
march,  mark,  merh,  margh ;  pi.  merch,  merh, 
mergh,  a  horse. 

Lan,  s.f.,  primarily  meant  an  enclosure,  a 
yard ;  hence  a  churchyard,  and  finally  a 
church.  There  are  many  instances  in  Cornish 
place-names  in  which  Ian  signifies  enclosure, 
e.g.,  Lambourne  (Lambron)  in  Perranzabuloe, 
the  enclosure  of  the  round  field  ;  Lanyon, 
a  common  personal  and  place-name,  the 
furzy  enclosure  ;  Landew  in  Lezant,  the  black 
enclosure  ;  and  why  not  Lanner,  the  long 
enclosure  (7w*=long)  ?  See  Lhuyd's  'Archseo- 
logia  Britannica,'  1707  ;  Price's  '  Archseo- 
logia  Cornu-Britannica,'  1790 ;  Williams's 
'  Lexicon  Cornu-Britannicum,'  1865  ;  and 
Jago's  'English-Cornish  Dictionary,'  1887. 

P*  JENNINGS. 

St.  Day. 

"SINEWS  OF  WAR"  (10  S.  ix.  470;  x. 
137,  218). — It  may  perhaps  be  worth  while 
to  add  a  somewhat  later  example  of  this 
expression.  Bacon  in  his  essay  on  the 
true  greatness  of  kingdoms  and  estates 
says  :  "  Neither  is  money  the  sinews  of 
war."  E.  YARDLEY. 

Much  interesting  information  concerning 
the  early  Latin  origin  and  the  English  use 
of  this  phrase  was  given  at  2  S.  ix.  103,  228, 
374  ;  3  S.  iii.  438.  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

"COCK-FOSTER"  (10  S.  x.  30,  94).— This 
place  and  its  derivation  are  discussed  under 
'  Enfield  '  in  Thome's  '  Environs  of  London,' 
vol.  i.  p.  185  : — 

"Cock  Foster  is  a  little  secluded  hamlet  on  the 

S.W.  side  of  Enfield  Chase The  name  has  caused 

some  speculation.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that 
Forsters  (sic)  is  a  corruption  of  foresters  (in  either 
the  English  or  French  form).  The  derivation  of 
Cock  is  not  so  palpable.  It  has  been  suggested  that 
it  comes  from  bicoque,  a  small  house,  hut,  a  collec- 
tion of  huts  ;  Cotgrave  renders  it  '  Bicoque,  a  little 
paltry  town,'  and  if  the  huts  of  the  Chase  foresters 
and  woodmen  were  collected  here,  the  place  may 
have  been  called  Bicoque  Forestiere  ;  but  a  more 
obvious  explanation  is  that  here  may  have  been  the 
house  of  the  chief  forester,  Coq  de  Forestiers." 

I  have  seen  no  reference  in  Thorne  or 
elsewhere  to  an  interesting  place-name  once 
existing  in  this  neighbourhood,  which  seems 
to  bear  out  Thome's  derivation  of  "  chief  " 


or  "  head  "  forester.  Some"  fields  bordering 
a  road  called  Cool  Oak  Lane,t  leading  to 
Kingsbury,  and  about  a  mile  from  the  main 
road  are  named  in  John  Cooke's  map  of  the 
manor  of  Hendon  {published  in  1796)^ 
"  Cockmans  in  the  Wood,"  an  interesting 
relic,  no  doubt,  of  the  great  forest  of  Middle- 
sex ;  one  might  imagine  that  a  house  once 
stood  here,  perhaps  the  head-quarters  of  the 
chief  forester  in  these  parts.  I  think  Lysons 
suggests  that  the  name  Kingsbury  is  derived 
from  the  fact  that  the  neighbourhood  was 
one  of  the  royal  hunting  demesnes.  Enfield 
Chase  and  Theobalds  were  of  course  the 
hunting  grounds  of  later  monarchs.  "  Cock- 
mans  in  the  Wood  "  as  a  name  seems  to  have 
disappeared,  and  no  mention  of  the  place 
is  found  on  the  Ordnance  map. 

F.  S.  SNELL. 
Hendon. 

BTJDGEE,  A  KIND  OF  APE  (10  S.  x.  89,  137). 
— May  not  budgee  be  a  corruption  of  Portu- 
guese bugio,  ape  ?  DONALD  FERGUSON. 

CORBET =VALLETORT  (10  S.  x.  168).— 
Peter  Corbet,  second  Baron  Corbet  of  Caus 
(Cause  Castle,  near  Westbury,  Salop), 
married  Beatrix,  daughter  of  John  de 
Beauchamp  of  Hach  or  Hatch,  Somerset- 
shire (Betham,  '  Baronetage,'  vol.  v.,  1805, 
Appendix,  p.  6  ;  Burke,  '  Dormant  Peerages/ 
1866,  p.  136).  Her  father  was  not  Lord 
Beauchamp  of  Hach,  as  erroneously  stated 
by  Betham,  but  was  governor  of  the  castles 
of  Carmarthen  and  Cardigan,  1276-7,  and 
died  24  Oct.,  1283.  He  married  Cecily  de 
Vyvon  ;  and  it  was  his  son,  John  de  Beau- 
champ,  who  was  the  first  Baron  Beauchamp 
of  Hacche  (see  Collinson,  '  History  of  Somer- 
setshire,' 1791,  i.  44;  ii.  118,  150;  Burke, 
*  Dormant  Peerages,'  p.  33  ;  Duchess  of 
Cleveland,  'The  Battle  Abbey  Roll,'  1889, 
iii.  411  ;  10  S.  viii.  307,  472).  Lord  Corbet 
died  15  Edward  II.  (1322),  and  Beatrix,  who 
survived  him,  was  married  secondly  to  Sir 
John  de  Leyborne,  and  died  before  him  in 
1347  (Duchess  of  Cleveland,  'The  Battle 
Abbey  Roll,' i.  321). 

According  to  Collinson  and  Burke,  the 
grandfather  of  the  first-named  John  de 
Beauchamp  was  a  Robert  de  Beauchamp  of 
Hacche,  who  was  Sheriff  of  Dorset  and 
Somerset  9  Henry  II.,  and  again  22-29 
Henry  II.,  and  died  13  John  (1211-12).  But 
there  is  "  strong  presumption "  that  these 
compilers  have  missed  a  generation  in  which 
the  male  descent  was  broken  ;  that  the  only 
child  of  this  Robert  was  a  daughter,  Muriel, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Simon  de  Valletort ; 
and  that  the  issue  of  this  marriage,  Robert •„ 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  iwe. 


adhered  to  his  mother's  name  of  Beauchamp, 
but  sometimes  called  himself  "  Robert 
Fitz  Simon"  (10  S.  viii.  471).  Beatrix,  the 
wife  of  Peter  Corbet,  would  thus  be  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Simon  de  Valletort,  and  this 
may  account  for  the  statement  in  Boase's 
'  Collectanea  Cornubiensis '  referred  to  by 
MB.  GREGORY  GBUSELIEB.  This  Beatrix 
by  the  by,  would  appear  to  have  had  a  sister, 
Isabel  or  Isabella,  who  was  married  succes- 
sively to  Sir  Henry  Lovet,  Lord  Lovet,  and 
Sir  William  le  Blount  of  Soddington,  Wor- 
cester (10  S.  viii.  307).  Burke  (lib.  cit., 
p.  33)  says  that  Robert  de  Beauchamp  died 
in  1228,  but  he  is  often  to  be  found  tripping, 
and  it  is  possible  that  this  was  the  date  of 
the  death  of  Simon  de  Valletort,  whose  son 
Robert  (de  Beauchamp)  was  then  a  minor. 
These  genealogists  are  not  to  be  relied  upon 
too  implicitly,  especially  when  they  give  no 
authorities  for  their  statements. 

Thomas  Corbet  (temp.  John  and  Henry  III), 
a  predecessor  (grandfather  ?)  of  Peter, 
married  Isabel,  daughter  of  Reginald,  and 
sister  of  Roger  Valletort,  Baron  of  Huberton 
(Betham,  u.s.,  vol.  v.  Appendix,  p.  4),  and 
here,  perhaps,  we  can  see  how  Boase  got 
mixed.  FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

The  following  extract  is  from  '  The  House 
of  Cornewall,'  published  by  Messrs.  Jakeman 
&  Carver,  Hereford  (1908),  p.  59  :— 

"In  Rot.  Origin.,  21  Edw.  III.,  Salop,  'The  King 
having  ascertained  by  Inquisition  that  Peter  Corbet 
lately  held  the  Manors  of  Caus,  Miristerley,  &c.,  in 
chief,  by  2  knights'  fees,  and  that  Ralph  de  Stafford, 
as  to  one  moiety,  Margaret, -wife  of  Robert  Harley, 
and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Edmund  de  Corewall,  as  to 
the  other  moiety,  &c.,— to  be  equally  divided.  They 
are  his  cousins,  and  he  has  received  their  fealty.' 
This  was  because  Sir  Bryan  de  Brampton  the  elder 
had  married  Emma,  daughter  of  Thomas  Corbet 
(oh.  1274)  by  Isabel,  variously  stated  to  have  been 
sister  and  daughter  of  Reginald  de  Valletort,  and 
widow  of  Alan  de  Dunstanville. .  She  was  one  of 
the  coheiresses  of  her  nephew  Peter  Corbet,  whose 
wife  was  Beatrice,  daughter  of  John,  first  Lord 
Beauchamp  of  Hache." 

ANDREW  SOUTH. 
Kingston-on-Thames. 

JEAN  PAUL  IN  ENGLISH  (10  S.  x.  161).— 
The  passage  of  Jean  Paul  Richter  leads  me 
to  remark  on  the  strange  fact  that  he  is  still 
so  little  known  in  England.  I  am  not  aware 
of  any  translations  in  English  of  the  '  Titan  ' 
or  '  Hesperus,'  supposed  by  Germans  to  be 
his  great  works.  If  there  are  any,  I  should 

be  glad  to  be  informed.     Of  course  Novalis 

whom  some  regard  as  the  greatest  mind 
Germany  has  yet  produced— is  still  less 
known,  being  too  deep  for  the  ordinary 
intelligence  (George  Mac  Donald's  transla- 


tions in  this  connexion  are,  in  my  conception, 
even  better  than  Carlyle's).  But  surely 
Jean  Paul  is  capable  of  a  wider  English 
appreciation.  T.  P. 

"  PINK  SAUCER"  (10  S.  ix.  486;  x.78, 158).— 
One  was  used  at  our  house  to  pink  our  silk 
stockings  when  they  were  washed.  My 
mother  used  to  say  a  touch  of  this  rouge 
was  absolutely  needful  to  make  white  silk 
stockings  look  nice  when  washed.  A  little 
pink  was  put  in  the  rinsing  water,  and  later 
the  stockings  were  quickly  rubbed  with  a 
glass  burnisher.  If  a  maid  did  the  pinking, 
it  was  not  unusual  to  see  her  going  about 
that  evening  with  rather  a  high  colour  on 
her  cheeks  ;  and  when  a  new  pink  saucer  got 
broken  by  accident  or  purposely,  the  whole 
of  the  pieces  were  never  found.  But  in 
those  days  (not  many  years  ago,  either) 
a  young  girl  was  always  pinked  by  her 
mother  or  a  friend  when  she  applied  for  a 
situation,  in  order  to  look  strong  and  healthy. 

SAX-DANE. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10  S.  ii.  346, 
454,  516  ;  iii.  33,  93,  495).— There  are  two 
passages  in  the  '  Autobiography  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Alexander  Carlyle  '  ("  Jupiter  "  Carlyle), 
1860,  bearing  on  the  subject. 

In  1733,  when  he  was  eleven  years  of  age, 
being  at  Dumfries,  he  was  placed  on  the 
window  of  the  Provost's  house,  directly 
opposite  the  prison,  and  witnessed  the 
execution  of  one  Jock  Johnstone  (p.  22). 

In  1376 

"  Mr.  Baillie  took  windows  in  a  house  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Grassmarket,  for  his  pupils  and 
me,  on  the  second  floor,  about  seventy  or  eighty 
yards  westward  of  the  place  of  execution,  where  we 
went  in  due  time  to  see  the  show." — P.  36. 
This  "  show  "  was  the  execution  of  Wilson 
the  smuggler,  which  resulted  in  the  famous 
Porteous  riot  (see  '  The  Heart  of  Midlothian  ' ). 

WM.  H.  PEET. 

MANOR  IDENTIFICATION  (10  S.  x.  48). — 
The  following  are  suggested  : — 

Stafford  (Erleye).— Upper  Arley. 
Somerset  (Camel). — Queen-Camel. 
Somerset  (Cherleton). — Queen-Charlton,  orCharl- 
ton-Adam,  or  Charlton  Hawthorne. 

G.  S.  PARRY. 

PAULITIAN  LANGUAGE  (10  S.  ix.  167; 
x.  157). — The  Rev.  Dr.  Andrew  Moody, 
Scottish  pastor  in  Budapest,  in  his  letter 
to  the  Pesther  Lloyd  writes  about  the  modern 
Paulitians  in  Hungary  as  "  the  so-called 
Bulgarians  "  in  the  three  villages  named  at 
the  first  reference,  "  who  speak  a  dialect 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


which  differs  considerably  from  Bulgarian.' 
I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  in  the 
British  Museum  the  Gospel  of  St.  John  in 
the  Paulitian  version.  It  was  publishec 
by  the  Scottish  Bible  Society,  but  printec 
by  Hornyanszky  in  Budapest.  L.  L.  K. 

WELSH  HERALDRY  (10  S.  viii.  330,  478).— 
I  am  not  aware  of  any  book  dealing  with 
Welsh  heraldry  apart  from  that  of  any  other 
British  nation,  but  I  would  refer  your  corre- 
spondent generally  to  the  late  Dr.  Wood- 
ward's '  Heraldry,  English  and  Foreign " 
<ed.  1896). 

With  regard  to  the  "  Saracen's  or  Moor's 
head "  being  used  as  an  heraldic  charge, 
I  have  always  looked  upon  it  as  an  importa- 
tion from  the  wars  of  the  Crusades.  Dr 
Woodward  mentions  (vol.  i.  p.  212)  the 
names  of  several  Welsh  families  who  bear  this 
•cognizance. 

I  imagine  that  the  oldest  and  best-known 
badge  of  the  Principality  of  Wales  would 
toe  the  Red  Dragon. 

Boutell's  '  Heraldry,  Historical  and  Popu- 
lar '  (ed.  1864),  might  also  be  consulted  with 
.advantage.  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

COL.  STEPKTN  AND  CAPT.  BACKHOUSE,  1648 
(10  S.  x.  209).— Charles  Stepkin  is  given 
among  the  lieutenants  under  Col.  David, 
Earl  of  Barrymore,  in  the  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland's expedition  of  1640,  "  taken  accord- 
ing to  the  Muster  Roll  after  the  Armies 
Retreat  from  Newcastle  into  Yorkshire " 
tsee  Rushworth's  '  Historical  Collections,' 
vol.  iL  pt.  ii.  p.  1243).  For  Backhouse 
possibly  Burke's  '  Extinct  Baronetcies,'  may 
be  of  use.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"HoRS  D'CEUVRE"  (10  S.  x.  229).— The 
words  beginning  with  the  letter  h  that, 
unlike  most  such,  are  supposed  by  French 
theory  to  be  "  aspirated,"  are  not  pro- 
nounced as  Americans,  or  educated  English 
people,  "  aspirate "  English  words  which 
begin  with  h.  Therefore  the  dispute  among 
MR.  NICKLIN'S  friends  cannot  be  ended  by 
either  ''Yes"  or  "No."  The  French 
aspirate  is  a  shibboleth,  and  an  Englishman 
can  no  more  sound  a  French  aspirated  h 
correctly  than  he  can  read  aloud  the  com- 
mon sign  of  French  fur-shops — "  Au  Tigre 
Royal,"  or  say  "  La  Tour  d'Auvergne." 

D. 

I  think  the  tendency  of  an  educated 
Englishman  nowadays  is  to  aspirate  an 
initial  h.  He  would  astonish  his  forefathers 
if  they  could  hear  him  do  it  in  "  herb,"  in 


"  humble,"  and  in  "humour."  Hors-d'oeuvre 
is  almost  naturalized  among  us,  if  not  quite 
so,  inasmuch  as  it  finds  a  place  in  the 
'  N.E.D.,'  and  I  do  not  doubt  that  the 
editors  of  that  worlj  were  right  when 
they  insisted  on  the  h  being  sounded.  A 
useful  friend  of  mine,  the  '  Nouveau.  Dic- 
tionnaire,'  by  E.  Clifton  and  McLaughlin 
(Paris,  Gamier  Freres),  prescribes  the  aspi- 
ration in  hors-d'oeuvre,  as  also  in  hors,  when 
an  adverb  unattached.  This  seems  a  neces- 
sary effort  to  distinguish  the  word  from  or 
the  conjunction,  even  if  or  the  noun  could 
take  care  of  itself.  ST.  SwrTHiN> 

"  WHAT  YOU  BUT  SEE  WHEN  YOU  HAVEN'T 
A  GUN"  (10  S.  ix.  108,  217,  493  ;  x.  38).— 
There  appeared  in  Puck,  26  Dec.,  1883,  this 
item,  credited  to  The  Troy  Times  : — 

"  The  latest  dude  story  is  that  a  farmer  saw  a 
couple  of  those  agonizing  specimens  on  the  street, 
and  exclaimed  :  '  Gosh  !  what  things  we  see  when 
we  don't  have  a  gun.'" 

It  is  worth  noticing  that  "  dude  "  came  into 
use  in  1882. 

MR.  BURDEN'S  query  about  "  but  "  (10  S. 
ix.  493)  surprised  me.  The  American  use, 
except  colloquially,  is  identical  with  the 
English.  THOMAS  FLINT. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

CASTLE  ARCHITECTURE  (10  S.  ix.  429). — 
Whether  there  were  ever  castles  in  Britain, 
as  we  understand  the  word  "  castle,"  which 
were  employed  by  the  ancient  Britons  for 
purposes  of  military  defence,  is  more  than 
doubtful.  In  Hearne's  '  Curious  Discourses 
1775,  vol.  i.,  however,  "  Anonymous,"  writing 
on  the  '  Antiquity,  &c.,  of  Castles  in  England,' 
says  : — 

"  For  that  ther  were  castles  in  Britainne  held  out 
by  the  Brittons  against  the  invading  Romanes, 
appeareth  by  this  passage  of  Juvenall,  'Dime 
Maurorum  attegias,  et  castra  Brigantum,'  as  also 
by  another  in  Tacitus  in  '  Vita  Agricolse.'  " 
But  does  not  the  former  allusion  appear  to 
be  merely  to  walled  camps  or  entrenchments  ? 
The  most  extraordinary  of  these  mural 
defences,  observes  a  writer  in  '  Rees's 

lyclopsedia,'  s.v.  '  Castle,' 

"  is  situated  in  Caernarvonshire,  called  Tre'r  Caeri, 
or  the  town  of  fortresses.  The  plan  and  elevation 
of  this  ancient  stronghold  and  abode  is  given  by 
Pennant  in  his  'Tour  in  Wales'  (vol.  ii.  p.  206). 
On  the  accessible  side  it  was  defended  by  three  rude 
walls  of  stone  ;  the  upper  one  being  lofty,  about 
fifteen  feet  high,  and  sixteen  broad ;  exhibiting  a 

jrand  and  extensive  front Of  the  same  kind,  of 

Jortresses  were  Perimaen  Mawr,  in  Caernarvon- 
shire; War  ton  Cragg,  in  Lancashire;  Old  Oswestry, 
n  Shropshire ;  the  irregular  encampment  of  Maiden 
Castle,  nigh  Dorchester ;  and  probably  Old  Sarum, 
whose  character  was  new  modelled  by  the  Romans." 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im 


See,  however,  '  Launceston  Castle '  in  E. 
King's  '  Munimenta  Antiqua,'  1804,  vol.  iii. 
p.  9  et  seq.  But  of  this  "  castle  "  it  is  only 
said  that  one  "  of  some  sort  or  another  did 
undoubtedly  exist  long  prior  to  the  Norman 
Conquest."'  Why  "undoubtedly"?  and 
what  sort  of  castle  ? 

That  the  Britons  had  nothing  in  the  way 
of  adequate  defence  in  these  entrenchments 
with  a  high  wall  here  and  there,  is  evident 
from  the  further  remarks  in  the  '  Cyclopaedia.' 
The  writer  says  : — 

"  The  deficiencies  of  the  Britons  both  in  the 
attack,  the  construction,  and  the  defences  of  such 
places  must  have  been  very  obvious,  even  to  them- 
selves  They  of  ten  reproached  the  Romans  with 

cowardice  (for  not  coming  out  to  fight  in  the  open), 
and  for  raising  such  solid  works  about  their  camps 
and  stations.  (See  Boadicea's  famous  speech  to  her 
army  in  Xiphilin,  ex  Dione  in  Nerone.)  " 

The  following  references  may  be  of  use  : — 

Ancient  Castles  of  England  and  Wales,  by  E.  W. 
Brayley,  with  upwards  of  100  engravings  by  W. 
Woolnooth,  2  vols.,  irapl.  8vo,  1825, 

S.  and  N.  Buck's  Views  of  Cities,  Towns,  Castles, 
Abbeys,  &c.,  of  England,  348  engraved  views  of 
antiquities,  with  text,  obi.  folio,  1723-39. 

The  Castles  and  Abbeys  of  England,  with  up- 
wards of  200  plates  and  woodcuts,  2  vols.,  4to, 
N.D.— By  William  Beattie. 

Mediaeval  Military  Architecture  in  England, 
140  illustrations  of  views,  plans,  and  details  of  the 
old  English  castles,  by  G.  T.  Clark.—"  The  latte 
part,"  says  the  Preface  to  this  valuable  work,  "  is 
occupied  by  minute  and  generally  accurate  accounts 
of  most  of  the  principal  Castles  of  England,  and  one 
or  two  of  a  typical  character  in  France  and  Scotland." 
Monastic  Remains  and  Ancient  Castles  in  England 
and  Wales,  73  aquatint  plates,  roy.  Svo,  1793 
(?  1798).— By  James  Moore.  The  first  edition 
appeared  in  1791.  Vol.  i.  and  a  portion  of  vol.  ii. 
allpublished. 

The  Castles  of  England,  their  Story  and  Structure, 
by  Sir  J.  D.  MacKenzie,  2  vols.,  40  plates,  158  text 
illustrations,  and  70  plans,  1897. 

The  Alleged  Norman  Origin  of  Castles  in  England 
By  T.  Davies  Pryce.  With  reply  by  Mrs.  E 
Armytage.— English  Historical  Review,  October 
1905.  See  also  vol.  xix.  pp.  209,  417 ;  xx.  711. 

Discours  sur  la  Castramentation  et  Discipline 
militaire  des  anciens  Remains,  with  woodcuts 
Lyon,  1581.— By  S.  G.  Duchoul. 

Hearne  and  Byrne's  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain 
illustrated  in  Views  of  Monasteries,  Castles,  anc 
Churches  now  existing,  78  views,  descriptions  ir 
English  and  French,  obi.  folio,  1786-1806. 

J.  Hassell's  Beauties  of  Antiquity  ;  or,  Remnant 
of  Feudal  Splendour  and  Monastic  Times,  51  plate 
engraved  in  aquatinta,  2  vols.  in  1,  roy.  Svo,  1807. 

The    Etymology,    Antiquity,    and    Privilege    o 
Castles,  by  Sir  Robert  Cotton.—  Vide  '  A  Collectioi 
of  Curious  Discourses  by  Thos.  Hearne,'  1775,  vol. 
pp.  100-5. 

The    Etymology,  Antiquity,    and  Privileges    o 

Castles  in  England, _by  Anonymous.—  Ibid.,  pp.  191-2 

Dr.  Edward    King's    Observations    on    Ancien 

Castles,  plates,  J.  Nichols,  1782.—  Vide  also  Archceo 

logia. 


Gough  in  the  additions  to  Camden,  vol.  ii.  p.  404. 

Pennant's  '  Tour  in  Wales,'  vol.  ii.  p.  206. 

Pennant's  '  Journey  from  Chester,'  p.  47. 

Grose's  Military  Antiquities.— Has  an  illustration 
lowing — (6)  the  chapel  of  a  Norman  castle ;  (c)  the 
3able ;  (d)  the  inner  bailey ;  (e)  the  outer  bailey  ; 
0  the  barbican  ;  (g)  the  mount;  (h)  the  lodgings  of 
le  soldiers. 

Britton's  '  Architectural  Antiquities.' 

Rees's  Cyclopaedia,  s.v.  '  Castle,'  '  Castellum,'  and 
Castramentation . ' 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

Deene,  Streatham. 

[L.  L.  K.  and  YGREC  also  refer  to  Clark's  'Medi~ 
val  Military  Architecture. '1 

SALFOBD  :  SALTEBSFOBD  :  SALTEBSGATE 
10  S.  x.  222).  —  Salter  Street,  Hockley 
Heath,  is  not  on  "  low  marshy  ground,"  nor 
n  a  river-bank  ;  but  the  church  does  stand 
•y  a  canal.  That  canal,  however,  is,  of 
,ourse,  modern.  H.  K.  H. 

[Further  replies  next  week.] 

MABTIN  MADAN  OF  NEVIS  (10  S.  ix.  509). 
— The  arms  mentioned  by  MB.  ALAN  STEWABT 
are  given  by  Robson  in  his  '  British  Herald  * 
as  belonging  to  the  Madden  or  Madan 
^amily  of  Rousby  Castle,  Fermanagh  ;  th& 
Vliddle  Temple,  London  ;  and  Maddenton, 
Wilts,  with  the  following  crest :  an  eagle's 
lead  erased  or. 

For  pedigrees  I  would  refer  your  corre- 
spondent to  the  following  works  : — 

4  The  Gresleys  of  Drakelowe,'  by  F.  Madan, 
p.  268. 

Burke's  'Colonial  Gentry,'  vol.  ii.  p.  610. 

John  O'Donovan's  '  Tribes  and  Customs  of  Hy- 
maiiy,'  p.  129. 

'  Genealogical  Records  of  the  O'Maddens  of  Hy- 
many,'  1894. 

Nichols's  '  History  of  Leicester,'  vol.  iv.  p.  760. 

Burke's  'Landed  Gentry,'  1871,  vol.  ii.  p.  867 
(Maddens  of  Hilton  Park,  Clones,  co.  Monaghan  ;; 
Roslea  Manor,  Fermanagh ;  and  Inch  House,  Dublin). 

O'Hart's  '  Irish  Pedigrees,'  Second  Series,  p.  233. 

Shirley's  '  History  of  the  County  of  Monaghan,' 
p.  191. 

Where  is  Maddenton,  Wilts  ?  Is  Mad- 
dington  intended  ?  According  to  Burke's 
4  Landed  Gentry,'  the  ancestors  of  the- 
Maddens  of  Hilton  Park  resided  at  Maddenton 
(now  Hilton),  co.  Monaghan. 

CHAS.  HALL  CBOUCH. 

48,  Nelson  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N. 

DICKENS  ON  "HALF-BAPTIZED"  (10  S. 
x.  29,  90,  135). — Is  it  not  probable  that  the 
expression  "  half -baptized  "  arose  from  the 
wording  of  the  rubrics  in  the  Order  of  Private 
Baptism  ?  These  state  that  if  a  child 
privately  baptized  should  live,  it  is  expedient 
that  it  should  be  brought  into  the  church, 
that  the  congregation  may  be  certified  that 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 1908.  j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


257 


the  child  has  been  baptized  in  true  form  ; 
and  then  follows  an  order  of  service;  which 
differs  very  little  (except  that  the  baptismal 
rite  is  omitted)  from  that  used  in  public 
baptism.  F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

4,  Nelgarde  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

WIDOW  MAURICE,  PRINTER  (10  S.  x.  67, 
158). — Here  are  some  earlier  references  to 
trading  widows. 

The  London  Evening-Post,  "  From  Thurs- 
day, February  loth,  to  Saturday,  February 
17,  1739,"  contains  the  following  advertise- 
ment : — 

"  The  Widow  Bartlett,  Mother  of  the  late  Peter 
Bartlett,  deceas'd,  Is  remoy'd  from  the  Golden  Ball, 
over-against  Bride-lane  in  Fleet-street,  to  the 
Golden  Ball  without  Temple-Bar,  three  Doors 
beyond  the  Rose  Tavern,  and  continues  to  make 
Steel  Spring  Trusses,  and  all  other  Sorts  for 
Ruptures,  in  Women  and  Children,  being  effectual 
and  easy  to  Old  or  Young.  Also  makes  Instruments 
for  weak  or  lame  Legs  and  Backirons,  Collars,  Neck 
•Swings,  streight  Stockings,  Knee  and  Ankle  Pieces, 
very  useful  for  weak  or  swell'd  Legs.  Surgeons 
may  be  supply'd  with  Dimity  Trusses. 

"  N.B.  She  hath  practis'd  this  Business  above 
Forty  Years." 

This  advertisement  is  repeated  in  several 
succeeding  issues. 

In  the  same  journal  for  November  19  to  22, 
1743,  we  get  a  double  mention,  as  follows  : — 

"  The  Widow  Hawkins,  Only  Daughter  of  the 
Widow  Bartlett,  deceas'd  at  the  Golden  Ball  with- 
out Temple-Bar,  three  Doors  beyond  the  Rose 
Tavern,  Continues  to  make  Steel  Spring  Trusses," 
&c. 

In  the  number  for  February  13  to  16, 
1742,  an  advertisement  announces  the  per- 
formance, at  Drury  Lane,  of  '  As  You  Like 
It,'  "  for  the  Benefit  of  the  Widow  Mil  ward, 
and  her  Four  Children." 

E.  E.  NEWTON. 
7,  Achilles  Road,  West  End,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

"BOUGH-POT"  (10  S.  x.  208).— "  Bough- 
pots  "  in  their  original  meaning — that  of 
pots  or  vases  to  hold  small  branches  of  flower- 
ing shrubs  or  great  bunches  of  flowers — came 
into  use  in  Tudor  days,  when  people  first 
began  to  understand  what  home  comforts 
meant.  Then  pleasant  bow-windows  came 
into  fashion.  Bay-windows,  with  which 
bow-windows  are  often  confused,  had  been 
a  customary  mode  of  building  from  a  much 
earlier  date.  In  the  cheerful  bow-window 
was  to  be  found  the  great  bough-pot  and 
one  or  more  posy- jars.  Another  place  for 
the  same  ornament  was  the  great  hearth 
in  the  hall.  On  Easter  Day  pots  and  jars 
of  flowers  filled  the  chimney-hearth.  Pepys, 
(in  the  passage  referred  to  in  the  editorial 
note,  speaks  of  a  "  great  bow  pott  "  that 


stood  upon  a  side  table  in  the  dining-room 
at  Rookwood,  Essex,  the  seat  of  Sir  W. 
Hickes.  A  century  later  Sheridan  applied 
the  term  to  the  flower-pots  on  the  window- 
sill.  In  'The  School  fqr  Scandal'  Charles 
Surface  declares  that  he  has  no  land  whatever 
— "  not  a  mole-hill,  nor  a  twig,  but  what  is 
in  the  bough-pots  out  of  the  window  !  " 

G.  L.  APPEBSON. 

"  Bow-pot  "  was  one  of  the  old  London 
cries,  and  may  be  found  with  an  engraving 
inchapbooks.  JOHN  PICKFOBD,  M.A. 

[MR.  W.  DOUGLAS  also  refers  to  '  The  School  for 
Scandal.'] 

SHADOW  SHOWS  (10  S.  ix.  267). — The 
Plymouth  and  Dock  Telegraph  (Devonport 
was  formerly  known  as  "  Dock  ")  for  Satur- 
day, 19  March,  1808,  contains  an  advertise- 
ment announcing  that  at  the  Dock  Theatre, 

"On  Friday  evening,  Marph  25,  there  is  to  be 

performed    'The    Irishman    in    London.' After 

which,  '  The  Contrast  'twixt  England  and  France  : 
the  King  and  Boney,  Nelson  s  Victories,  and 
Glorious  Death ! '  written,  and  to  be  recited,  by 
Mr.  Bennett. 

"  The  whole  to  conclude  with  a  new  Pantomime, 
in  Ombre  Chinoise,  called  '  Mirth  and  Magic ;  or, 
Harlequin's  Flight  to  the  Moon.'  Harlequin  (with 
surprising  leaps  and  escapes),  Mr.  Bennett.  In  the 
course  of  the  Pantomime  the  Clown  will  grow  to  a 
Monstrous  Giant,  Twenty  Feet  High  ! !  !  " 

HABBY  HEMS. 

"SCABAMOUCH"      (10     S.      X.      86,      153).— 

Permit  me  to  thank  your  two  correspondents, 
my  old  and  esteemed  friend  the  REV.  A.  L. 
MAYHEW  and  MB.  W.  J.  LAWBENCE,  for 
correcting  my  error.  One  may  perhaps 
say  with  Goethe  in  his  '  Faust '  :  "  Es  irrt 
der  Mensch  so  lang  er  strebt."  I  fear,  how- 
ever, the  purport  of  my  note  was  partly 
misunderstood.  I  did  not  mean  that  the 
Italian  proper  name  "  Scaramuccia "  was 
borrowed  or  directly  derived  from  the  Old 
Russian  Skomrokh  or  Skoromokh,  but  wished 
to  point  out  that  both  words  were  "  originally 
akin,"  and  point  to  one  common  offspring. 
They  can  be  traced,  as  MB.  MAYHEW  correctly 
stated  regarding  the  Italian  proper  name, 
in  the  Old  Germanic  noun  scirm  or  skerm, 
a  screen  behind  which  a  buffoon  or  harlequin 
used  to  contrive  his  devices  and  play  his 
tricks.  "Scaramouch"  then,  etymologically, 
turns  out  a  mere  doublet  of  *'  skirmish." 

H.  KBEBS. 

TYBONE  POWEB  (10  S.  viii.  348  ;  ix.  494  ; 
x.  194). — It  is  certain  that  Tyrone  Power 
(Thomas  Powell)  was  an  Irishman.  He  was 
born  near  Kilmacthomas,  co.  Waterford. 
2  Nov.,  1797,  and  made  his  debut  in  1812, 
He  married  Miss  Gilbert  of  Newport,  Isle 


258 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  IK*. 


of  Wight,  in  January,  1817,  visiting  Dublin 
as  an  actor  in  December  of  the  same  year. 
His  income  in  1838  was  7,312Z.  ;  and  in 
1839  6,544Z.  He  was  drowned  on  board 
the  ill-fated  President  on  15  March,  1841. 

W.  H.  GRATTAN  FLOOD. 
Enniscorthy. 

[Mr.  M.  MacDonagh  states  at  the  end  of  his 
account  of  Tyrone  Power  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  that  he 
has  been  confused  with  Thomas  Powell,  who  was 
born  at  Swansea,  achieved  some  success  in  the 
delineation  of  Irish  character,  and  assumed  the 
name  of  Tyrone  Power  (after  the  death  of  the 
latter?).  He  adds  that  the  real  facts  of  the  genuine 
Tyrone Po\ver's  Irish  origin  were  set  out  "by  his 
friend  J.  W.  Calcraft,  manager  of  the  Theatre  Royal, 
Dublin,  in  the  Dublin  University  Magazine  for  1852 
(vol.  xl.)."] 

FLEET  PRISON  (10  S.  x.  110).— Fleta,  the 
learned  lawyer  who  lived  about  the  end  of 
the  reign  of  Edward  II.  and  beginning  of 
Edward  III.,  while  a  prisoner  in  the  Fleet 
(whence  the  term  '  Fleta  '  was  given  to  his 
work)  wrote  a  book  on  the  Common  Law  of 
England.  Possibly  some  account  of  the 
prison  will  be  found  there. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMICHAEL. 

"  MESCHIANZA  "  (10  S.  x.  30,  97).— There 
is  also  a  very  full  account  of  this  fete  at 
pp.  23-64  of  a  plesantly  written  volume  of 
sketches  of  American  Colonial  social  history, 
entitled  '  Through  Colonial  Doorways,'  by 
Anne  Hollingsworth  Wharton,  published 
at  Philadelphia  by  the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Com- 
pany, 1893.  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

ODE  TO  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE  (10  S.  x. 
190). — The  cynic  Diogenes,  and  others, 
scorned  Dionysius  for  living  in  an  obscure 
private  station  after  having  been  tyrant 
of  Syracuse  (see  Grote's  '  Greece,'  ix.  154). 
The  name  of  Dionysius  had  become  a  byword 
for  a  fallen  tyrant  dragging  on  life  in  ob- 
scurity ;  now — avers  Byron  in  his  wrath — 
that  byword  will  be  transferred  to  the  name 
of  Napoleon.  W.  T.  MALLESON. 


'  Reader's    Handbook '     quotes 


Brewer's 
thus  : — 

Transferred  his  by-word  (tyrant)  to  thy  brow. 
R.  A.  POTTS. 

LONDON  STATUES  AND  MEMORIALS  (10  S. 
ix.  1,  102,  282,  363,  481  ;  x.  122,  211).— 
A  memorial  of  William  Blake  will  be  found 
in  the  Tate  Central  Library,  Brixton.  It 
consists  of  a  portrait,  and  a  bas-relief  of 
'  Death's  Door,'  one  of  Blake's  illustrations 
to  Blair's  poem  'The  Grave.'  Blake  lived 
at  13,  Hercules  Buildings,  Lambeth,  1793- 
1800.  F.  j.  BURGOYNE. 


FRENCH  COAT  OF  ARMS  (10  S.  x.  209). — 
The  arms  about  which  COL.  RIVETT-CARNAC 
inquires  (a  chevron  between  two  mullets 
in  chief  ;  in  base  a  sheep  passant)  are  appa- 
rently those  of  Pierre  Seguier,  Chancelier 
de  France,  born  1588,  died  1 672.  His  printed 
books  were  dispersed  before  1706.  See 
Guigard,  '  Nouvol  Armorial  du  Bibliophile/ 
Paris,  1890,  vol.  ii.  p.  434.  How  the  arms 
of  Pierre  Seguier,  who  left  no  heirs  maler 
came  to  be  impressed  on  an  '  Almanach ' 
for  1787  is  not  easy  to  explain. 

C.  THOMAS-STANFORD,  F.S.A. 

ERASMUS  WILLIAMS  OF  DORSET  (10  S.  x. 
208). — The  curious  portrait  referred  to  is 
evidently  a  representation  of  the  brass  in 
Tingewick  Church,  Bucks.  This  brass  is 
19|  in.  high  by  11  in.  wide,  and  depicts  a 
figure  kneeling  at  an  altar-tomb  between 
the  columns  and  emblems,  &c.,  described  by 
MR.  BROADLEY.  Beneath  are  the  lines 
beginning  "  This  does  Erasmus,''  &c.  The 
engraving  is  so  finely  done  as  to  defy  rubbing, 
I  think  a  picture  of  this  brass  has  been  pub- 
lished by  some  brass-rubbing  society. 

W.  BRADBROOK. 

Bletchley. 

"ST.  FRANCIS'S  MOON"  (10  S.  x.  189). — 
The  name-day  of  a  St.  Frances  or  St.  Fran- 
cisca  is  on  21  August  ;  and  according  to  the 
'  Alphabetical  Calendar  of  Saints'  Days  '  in 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas' s  '  Chronology  of  History,' 
the  festival  of  St.  Francis  Xavier,  the  apostle 
of  the  Indies,  is  celebrated  on  3  December. 
The  same  list  contains  the  names  of  eight 
male  saints  of  that  name  and  one  "  transla- 
tion," but  none  of  these  festivals  is  kept  in 
August.  L.  L.  K. 

INITIAL  LETTERS  INSTEAD  OF  WORDS 
(10  S.  ix.  126,  174;  x.  176).— The  Liverpool 
Diocesan  Gazette  for  September,  in  reference 
to  the  Manchester  Church  Congress,  states 
that  a  "  Missionary  rendez-vous  will  be 
arranged  at  Onward  Buildings,  207,  Deans - 
gate,  Manchester,"  and  that  the  following 
societies  will  make  the  place  their  head- 
quarters :  C.M.S.  ;  C.E.Z.M.S.  ;  C.  and 
C.C.S.  ;  S.A.M.S.  ;  B.  and  F.B.S.  ;  R.T.S.  ; 
L.J.S.  ;  and  Missionary  Leaves  Association. 
This  is  a  goodly  array  of  initials  ;  some  of 
them  may  be  tolerably  plain,  but  others 
require  a  lot  of  thinking  over. 

In  The  Strand  Magazine  for  the  same  month 
is  one  that  runs  the  P.L.G.  of  our  friend 
AYEAHR  pretty  close.  It  is  I.D.B.,  which 
stands  for  "  Illicit  Diamond  Buyer,"  a  busi- 
ness well  known  in  South  Africa,  I  believe. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 


10  S.  X.  SEPT.  26,  1908.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


259 


JHisallatunus. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The   Diary  of  a  Lady  •  in  •  Waiting.       By   Lady 

Charlotte  Bury.    Being  the  Diary  illustrative  of 

the  Times  of  George  the  Fourth,  interspersed 

with    Original    Letters    from    the    late    Queen 

Caroline  and  from  other  Distinguished  Persons. 

Edited   with   an    Introduction    by   A.    Francis 

Steuart.    With  eighteen  full-page  Portraits,  two 

in  Photogravure.    2  vols.     (John  Lane.) 

THIS  somewhat  portentous  title  represents  an  old 

book  revised  and  edited  by  one  of  our  able  younger 

scholars,  who  has  filled  in  many  of  the  blanks  left 

at  a  time  when  it  was  usual  to  write  very  freely, 

yet  vaguely,  concerning  highly  placed  persons  about 

the  Court. 

The  book  is  a  handsome  one,  and  the  present 
reviewer  is  of  opinion  that  it  was  well  worth  repro- 
duction in  spite  of  the  venomous  attacks  to  which 
it  was  subjected  on  its  appearance,  by  Brougham  in 
the  Edinburgh  and  Croker  in  the  Quarterly.  Lady 
Charlotte  Bury,  now  generally  regarded  as  its 
author,  like  other  women  of  talent,  had  her 
affectations,  and  was  by  no  means  trustworthy 
where  her  private  inclinations  were  concerned. 
The  book  had,  when  it  appeared  anonymously,  a 
great  sale,  and  what  may  be  called  a  scandalous 
success.  But  it  is  no  whit  :worse  in  this  respect 
than  many  memoirs  of  the  time,  and  it  is  written 
by  one  who  was  in  a  much  better  position  to  judge 
of  Court  affairs,  or,  at  worst,  to  appreciate  courtly 
scandal,  than  many  hangers-on  and  disappointed 
politicians. 

The  lady  at  her  best  wielded  a  lively  pen,  and 
had,  we  think,  considerable  insight  into  character. 
The  curious  Court  of  Caroline.  Princess  of  Wales, 
is  pictured  for  us  in  unforgettable  style,  and  on  the 
whole  the  behaviour  of  the  diarist  to  her  mistress 
showed  far  more  thought  arid  firmness  than  a  mere 
sentimentalist  would  betray.  The  pen  of  a  writer 
who  is  clever  naturally  overdoes  the  desagrements 
of  such  a  position,  which  make  more  effective  read- 
ing than  the  advantages.  Lady  Charlotte  Bury 
cuts  quite  as  creditable  a  figure  in  Court  circles  as 
Fanny  Burney.  A  deal  of  her  narrative  is  tedious, 
it  is  true,  owing  to  her  almost  Oriental  gift  of 
platitude  and  moral  reflection ;  but  she  has  a  real 
sense  of  character,  and  her  sentimentality  is  tem- 
pered by  decidedly  sound  sense  on  occasion.  Her 
heart  is  good,  and  it  is  to  her  credit  that  she  has  a 
"  peculiar  pleasure  in  pleasing  old  people." 

Almost  all  the  letters  here  are  worth  reading, 
except  the  extensive  effusions  of  Princess  Charlotte  ; 
and  the  letters  of  M.  G.  Lewis,  C.  K.  Sharpe,  and 
Sir  W.  Gell  are  particularly  amusing.  Some  of  the 
letters  at  the  end  might  surely  have  been  inserted 
in  the  text  of  the  diary  at  their  approximate 
places. 

C.  K.  Sharpe,  writing  from  Oxford,  has  an  amusing 
account  of  Shelley :  "  Talking  of  books,  we  have 
lately  had  a  literary  Sun  shine  forth  upon  us  here, 
before  whom  our  former  luminaries  must  hide  their 
diminished  heads— a  Mr.  Shelley,  of  University 
College,  who  lives  upon  arsenic,  aqua-fortis,  halt- 
an-hour's  sleep  in  the  night,  and  is  desperately  in 
love  with  the  memory  of  Margaret  Nicholson.  He 
hath  published,  what  he  terms  the  Posthumous 
Poems,  printed  for  the  benefit  of  Mr.  Peter 
Finnerty;  which,  I  am  grieved  to  say,  though 


stuffed  full  of  treason,  are  extremely  dull ;  but  the 
Author  is  a  great  genius,  and,  if  he  be  not  clapped 
up  in  Bedlam  or  hanged,  will  certanly  prove  one  of 
the  sweetest  swans  on  the  tuneful  margin  of  the 
Char  well." 

On  the  next  page  (p.  36)  there  is  a  reference  by 
Sharpe  to  Shelley's  "  monstrous  romance  in  one 
volume,  called  'St.  Ircoyne,  or  the  Rosicrucian.'" 
Here  the  editor  might  have  noted  that  '  St.  Irvyne  r 
is  the  correct  title.  He  does  not  attempt  to  rectify, 
or  fill  up,  other  dubious  things,  and  we  are  asked  to 
call  upon  our  contributors  for  help  in  this  matter  in 
view  of  a  new  edition.  We  are  sure  that  Mr. 
Bleackley  and  other  accomplished  students  of  the 
period  will  be  able  to  add  much.  Many  of  the 
problems  set  by  the  blanks  are  so  easy  that  they 
can  be  solved  at  once.  "H— ly,"  for  instance, 
"  now  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  is  Howley. 

The  diarist  had,  besides  beauty,  considerable 
accomplishment  in  art  and  letters ;  indeed,  we 
doubt  if  the  fine  ladies  of  to-day  are  anything  like 
so  well  equipped.  The  wonder  is  that  with  such 
talents  as  hers  she  stayed  on  so  long  at  the  Court  of 
her  unsatisfactory  mistress.  She  combined  a  love 
of  scandal  with  attention  to  sermons,  a  fondness 
for  desperate  bluestockings  like  Madame  de  Stael, 
and  a  tendency  to  religious  self-examination.  Her 
"  olio,"  as  it  would  have  been  called  in  earlier  days, 
contains  much  that  is  valuable  as  well  as  silly. 
Princess  Charlotte  (i.  186)  seems  half-seriously  to 
have  made  a  wax  figure  of  the  perfidious  Regent, 
stuck  it  through  with  pins,  and  melted  it  in  the 
fire.  Under  the  date  21  May,  1814,  we  read  :  "All 


the  gentlemen,  I  hear,  looked  beautiful  in  their 
dress  clothes."  The  last  two  words  have  a 
modern  ring,  and,  looking  at  the  'N.E.D./  we  find 
the  earliest  citation  for  them  is  from  Jane  Porter 
1831. 

There  are  eighteen  full-page  portraits,  which  add 
much  to  the  attractiveness  of  the  book.  They 
include  the  handsome  author  of  the  Diary,  Caroline 
as  Princess  of  Wales  and  Queen,  Pauline  Bonaparte 
(from  a  pastel  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  John  Lane), 
Madame  de  Stael,  Lady  Hamilton  as  a  Sibyl,  and 
Lady  Hertford.  If  the  volumes  are  reissued,  we 
hope  they  may  be  subjected  to  the  eye  of  a  rigorous- 
proof-reader,  who  will  detect  several  inaccuracies- 
of  spelling. 

The  Oxford  Thackeray.  With  Illustrations.  Edited 
by  George  Saintsbury.  Vols.  I. -VI.  (Oxford,, 
University  Press. ) 

'THE  OXFORD  THACKERAY'  will  be  complete  in 
seventeen  volumes,  and  those  before  us  are  sufficient 
to  claim  ample  recognition  from  all  lovers  of  an 
English  classic.  In  three  ways  this  edition  is  pre- 
eminent. First  and  foremost,  it  is  wonderfully 
cheap,  though  well  printed;  secondly,  it  has  an 
array  of  illustrations  which  are  in  some  cases  new 
and  valuable  additions  to  the  text ;  and  lastly,  it 
has  Introductions  by  Prof.  Saintsbury,  who  is  not 
the  ordinary  young  man  prepared  to  say  something 
striking  on  a  writer  he  is  editing  as  an  odd  job,  but 
a  critic  of  acknowledged  experience  and  reputa- 
tion, dilating  on  a  favourite  author. 

The  first  volume,  *  The  Yellowplush  Papers  and 
Early  Miscellanies,'  con  tains  the  Professor's  general 
view  of  Thackeray's  life  and  works,  with  which  we 
are  on  the  whole  in  cordial  agreement.  He  decides 
on  the  reproduction  of  some  of  Thackeray's  writing 
(mostly  anonymous  works)  not  appearing  in  author- 
ized book-issues,  but  shows  laudable  caution  in  the 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       LIO  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im 


acceptance  of  such  matter.  We  regard  as  sonud 
his  position  that  but  little  added  to  "  the  Thacke- 
rayan  canon"  since  1886  is  of  much  value.  The 
arrangement  here  adopted  is  not  to  begin  with 
*  Vanity  Fair,'  but  to  snow  the  gradual  advance  of 
the  great  writer  from  various  reviews,  miscellanies, 
and  stories  of  minor  length  to  the  longer  novels. 
This  is  by  far  the  best  pl«n,  and  the  vivid  Intro- 
ductions supply  a  picture  of  the  growth  of  Thacke- 
ray's style  and  outlook,  with  reasons  for  the  critic's 
preferences  or  objections.  Incidentally  we  get  a 
good  deal  of  discussion  of  manners  social  and 
gastronomical,  for  the  Professor  is  an  accomplished 
student  of  life  as  well  as  letters. 

The  Introduction  to  the  second  volume,  *  The 
Paris  Sketch  Book  and  Art  Criticisms,'  shows  that 
he  is  by  no  means  a  blind  admirer  of  his  author.  He 
recognizes  that  unfairness  which  was  to  find  a  more 
pronounced  form  in  '  The  Eour  Georges,'  but  we  do 
not  think  he  successfully  refutes  the  accusation 
that  Thackeray  is  "  John  Bullish." 

The  third  volume,  which  includes  '  Catherine,' 
gives  us  the  one  shock  among  the  Professor's  judg- 
ments. He  prefers  that  sordid  story  to  'Barry 
Lyndon,'  arid  compares  its  opening  chapters  to  the 
work  of  Scott  and  Fielding.  Still,  he  admits  that 
he  has  "  never  been  able  exactly  to  understand  the 
precise  point  of  view  from  which  it  was  written." 
As  the  author  himself  frankly  informed  his  mother 
that  it  was  "  a  mistake  all  through,"  we  need  have 
no  qualms  about  considering  it  as  an  inferior  piece 
of  work.  In  this  Introduction  the  Professor  refers 
neatly  to  Thackeray's  habit  of  leaving  "  home  to 
write  at  the  club,  the  club  to  write  at  Brighton, 
Brighton  to  write  at  Paris."  Here  and  elsewhere 
there  is  a  display  of  erudition  in  abundant  allusions 
which  will  puzzle  anybody  who  is  not  well  read, 
and  the  style  of  the  critic  is  full  of  words  and 
phrases  which  strike  us  as  occasionally  somewhat 
strained,  if  not  unnecessary.  Prof.  Saintsbury  has 
so  much  to  say,  arid  is  in  such  a  hurry  to  say  it, 
that  his  writing  has  little  of  the  easy  flow  we 
expect  from  an  old  hand.  But  we  can  tolerate 
much  from  one  so  well  equipped  and  full  of  matter. 

The  fourth  volume  contains  '  The  Great  Hoggarty 
Diamond'  (an  admirable  story  which  we  find 
praised  as  it  deserves)  and  some  lesser  things, 
including  a  severe  and  amusing  notice  of  the 
misrepresentation  of  '  Nicholas  Nickleby '  in 
France. 

In  the  next  volume  '  The  Irish  Sketch  Book'  is 
the  chief  item,  but  the  reader  will  also  find  various 
contributions  to  The  Foreign  Quarterly  Review, 
unearthed  by  Mr.  Robert  S.  Garnett,  and  published 
by  him  in  1906  in  '  The  New  Sketch  Book '  as  I 
'Thackeray's.  With  all  the  contents  of  that  reprint 
Prof.  Saintsbury  is,  we  are  glad  to  observe,  not  I 
satisfied.  It  is  supported  by  some  flimsy  argument ; 
indeed,  he  notes,  "There  is,  so  far  as  I  know,  no 
direct  external  evidence  "  of  the  authorship  of  these 
pieces.  Of  Thackeray's  journalistic  work  in  1842 
and  1843  it  is  remarked  :  "  He  has  not  got  rid 
wholly — he  never,  as  has  been  said,  got  rid  wholly, 
though  he  did  so  to  a  much  greater  extent— of  the 
inequality  and  flightiness  of  his  literary  judge- 
ments." 

In  the  sixth  volume  *  Barry  Lyndon '  is  the  main 
thing,  and  this  is  considered  elaboratelv  in  the 
Introduction,  out  of  which  we  select  the  following 
passage  :— 

"There  can  be  no  doubt — in  fact  it  is  agreed — 
that  he  took  '  Jonathan  Wild '  in  no  slavish  sense 


as  a  model.  But  in  doing  this  he  hampered  himself 
enormously  by  making  it  an  autobiography.  You 
can  make  a  man  represent  himself  as  a  scoundrel 
or  a  fool  or  both : — the  authors  of  the  *  Satyre 
Menippee '  had  done  it,  Butler  had  done  it,  Thacke- 
ray himself  has  done  it  here  with  great  success  in 
parts.  But  it  is  a  frightful  strain  :  and  it  is  a  great 
question  whether  it  can  possibly  be  done  on  a  very 
large  scale  without  '  incompossibility.'  Whether 
the  actual  Barry  of  the  story  sibi  constat  is  a  point 
upon  which,  I  suppose,  opinions  may  differ." 

This  interesting  passage  is  in  some  ways  beyond 
the  ordinary  reader,  unless  he  has  taken  of  late  to 
reading  harder  than  he  used. 

This  sixth  volume  being  somewhat  devoid  of 
illustrations,  we  are  presented  with  a  considerable 
number  of  miscellaneous  drawings  by  Thackeray 
which  are  new  to  a  collected  edition  of  his  works. 
The  best  of  these  are  from  the  store  preserved  at 
Charterhouse  School.  Some  of  them  figure  in  pur 
own  study  in  reproductions  due  to  The  Greyfriar, 
the  excellent  Charterhouse  school  magazine ;  but 
they  will  be  new,  and  we  think  delightful,  to  most 
readers.  In  this  section  will  be  found  examples  of 
Thackeray's  small,  upright  hand,  which  is  a  marvel 
of  neatness  and  compression.  Every  volume  issued 
has  a  frontispiece,  the  fourth  presenting  the  well- 
known  group  of  Fraserians  by  Maclise,  while  the 
others  give  various  views  of  the  great  author  him- 
self. In  one  matter  of  practical  convenience  we 
venture  to  think  that  this  otherwise  impeccable 
edition  might  be  improved.  At  the  beginning  of 
each  volume,  facing  the  half-title,  is  a  list  of  the 
contents  of  the  entire  seventeen  volumes  to  be 
issued,  but  it  seems  to  us  a  little  odd  that  neither 
on  the  binding  outside  nor  on  either  of  the  title- 
pages  is  any  indication  given  of  the  number  of  the 
volume.  The  binding  is  tasteful,  and  two  colours, 
red  and  green,  are  available.  We  believe  that 
an  issue  in  leather  may  also  be  obtained. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre 
spondents  must  observe  tnt*  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

F.  J.  F.— Forwarded. 

NOTICE. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print,  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


10  s.  x.  SEPT.  26, 1908.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEKEUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENQE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHENJEUM  contains  Articles  on 

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LAST  WEEK'S  ATHEN^UM  contains  Articles  on 

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AND 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  SEPT.  26,  im 
THE  MEDICI  SERIES  OF  COLOURED  REPRODUCTIONS 

AFTER  THE  OLD  MASTERS. 

The  Burlington  Magazine  said  of  the  first  Medici  Prints  (issued  in  1906) : — "  Nothing  of  the 
kind  so  good  and  so  cheap  has  ever  before  been  offered."  In  August,  1908,  the  same  authority  said 
of  Flemish  Plate  L  :."  The  printing  is  so  sharp  that  with  the  aid  of  a  glass  one  can  trace  even  the 

dust  lying  in  the  crevices  of   the  minute  surface-cracks .No  feat  of  facsimile  imitation  is  beyond 

the  power  of  this  Medici  Process." 

.    ,  ',0  Ml; 

All  Medici  Prints  are  sold  separately,  subject  only  to  the  prior  claim  of  Subscribers 
to  the  Annual  Series  (The  Italian  School). 

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Plate         I. 
II. 

„         HI- 

„         IV. 

V. 

VI. 

„        VII. 

IX. 

X. 

XL 

XII. 

Occas.         I. 

Special    '08. 

Flemish     I. 

IL 

English     I. 

„         II. 

III. 


BERNARDINO    LUINI.      Head  of  the  Virgin. 
LEONARDO    DA    VINCI.      Head  of  the  Christ. 
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261 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  3,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  249. 

NOTES  :— Sydney,  1789-1908,  261—'  Englands  Parnassus,'  262 
—Sir  W.  Neville  Hart  and  his  Descendants,  263—"  Wharf" 
—Hubert  A.  Holden  :  Henry  Holden  —  "  Santapee," 
Guiana  Term,  264 — Snakes  drinking  Milk — Sherlock  :  the 
Name— "  Motte " :  "Mot,"  265— Birth  Announcements, 
266. 

QUERIES  :— Staffordshire  M.P.S,  266— 'The  Angler's  Com- 
panion,' 267— Dolly  Monroe— French  Gazette— '  Ginevra ' 
— Sir  Christopher  Hawkins,  Bt. — Wotton  and  the  Evelyns 
—Cromwell  and  the  117th  Psalm— Anna,  a  Place-Name— 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — "  Ville  of  Sarre" — Oulds  in 
Ireland— St.  Godwald— Oldest  Inhabited  House  in  Scot- 
land-Sir Henry  Hyde,  268  — Grabble,  a  Place-Name— 
Changes  in  Handwriting— "  Cripple  Carrying  "— Howe= 
Russell— Voreda,  Roman  Town— Mrs.  Conwai  Hackett, 
269 — "  Plane  sailing "  or  "Plain  sailing,"  270. 

RKPLIES  :  —  Seventeenth  -  Century  Quotations,  270— 
Waterloo:  Charlotte  —  Hove:  Anglo-Saxon  "Ghost- 
Words,"  271— Dolls  in  Magic  —  Longfellow's  'Psalm  of 
Life,' 272— "  As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed  "—"  Cardinal " 
of  St.  Paul's — Holbeach  Church — Anatole  France — "  Plus 
je  connais  les  hommes  " — Taine  :  "  Tenir  une  queue  de 
vache,"  273— Salford:  Saltersford— Death  after  Lying— 
Tollgate  Houses— French  Words  in  Scotch,  274— Loten's 
Museum — Napoleon's  Carriage — '  Childe  Harold ' — Rush- 
lights, 275— Spanish  Works  in  Borrow— "T'  Wife  Bazaar" 
—Epitaph  in  Owen  MSS.— Queen  Elizabeth's  Household, 
276— Dunbar  and  Henryson— Chrystal  Magna :  Maylor 
Grange — "  Cadey  " — Constables  of  the  Tower — Alphonso  : 
Haakon,  277— Kingsley's  '  Lorraine  '—Campbell :  its  Pro- 
nunciation, 278. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Thomas  Ken  and  Izaak  Walton ' 
—'Intermediate  English  Grammar '  —  ' History  of  the 
Society  of  Jesus  in  North  America.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

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SYDNEY,    1789-1908. 

THE  recent  magnificent  entertainments 
at  Sydney  are  especially  interesting  in  con- 
nexion with  the  dramatic  and  magnificent 
rise  of  the  city,  in  little  more  than  a  century, 
from  an  uninhabited  bay  to  the  position  of 
what,  from  certain  points  of  view,  makes  it, 
next  to  the  metropolis,  the  place  of  the 
greatest  importance  in  the  Empire.  From 
the  extraordinary  volumes  of  "  Collectanea  " 
formed  by  the  Rev.  Daniel  Lysons,  to  which 
I  have  already  referred  (10  S.  viii.  325),  I 
extract  the  following,  printed  in  large  fair 
type  in  broadside  form  : — 
VISIT  OF  HOPE 

TO 
SYDNEY  COVE 

NEAR 
BOTANY  BAY. 

WHERE  Sydney  Cove  her  lucid  bosom  swells, 
•Courts  her  young  navies,  and  the  storm  repels  ; 
High  on  a  rock  amid  the  troubled  air 
Hope  stood  sublime,  and  wav'd  her  golden  hair ; 
Calmed  with  her  rosy  smile  the  tossing  deep, 
And  with  sweet  accents  charm'd  the  winds  to  sleep  ; 
To  each  wild  plain  she  stretch'd  her  snowy  hand, 
High- waving  wood,  and  sea-encircled  strand. 


"Hear  me,"  she  cried,  "ye  rising  Realms  !  record 
Time's  opening  scenes,  and  Truth's  unerring  word,— 
There  shall  broad  streets  their  stately  walls  extend, 
The  circus  widen,  and  the  crescent  bend  ; 
There,  rayed  from  cities  o'er  the  cultured  land, 
Shall  bright  canals  and  solid  roads  expand. — 
There  the  proud  arch,  colossus-like,  bestride 
Yon  glittering  streams,  and  bound  the  chasing  tide ; 
Embellish'd  villas  crown  the  landscape-scene, 
Farms    wave    with    gold,     and    orchards    blush 

between. — 

There  shall  tall  spires,  and  dome-capt  towers  ascend, 
And  piers  and  quays  their  massy  structures  blend ; 
While  with  each  breeze  approaching  vessels  glide, 
And  northern  treasures  dance  on  every  tide  !  " 
Then  ceas'd  the  riymph — tumultuous  echoes  roar, 
And  Joy's  loud  voice  was  heard  from  shore  to  shore — 
Her  graceful  steps  descending  press'd  the  plain, 
And  Peace,  and  Art,  and  Labour,  join'd  her  train. 

"Mr.  Wedgwood,  having  been  favoured  by  Sir 
Joseph  Banks  with  a  specimen  of  clay  from  Sydney 
Cove,  has  made  a  few  medallions  of  iib,  representing 
Hope  encouraging  Art  and  Labour,  under  the  in- 
fluence of  Peace,  to  pursue  the  employments  neces- 
sary for  rendering  an  infant  colony  secure  and 
happy.  The  above  verses  were  written  by  the 
author  of  '  The  Botanic  Garden,'  to  accompany 
these  medallions." — Dated  in  MS.  at  foot  (in  Lysons's 
handwriting)  1789. 

Whilst  to  some  modern  ears  the  sonorous 
lines  of  Erasmus  Darwin,  author  of  '  The 
Botanic  Garden  '  and  of  the  '  Visit  of  Hope,' 
may  appear  too  highflown  for  the  subject- 
matter,  the  prophetic  instinct  of  the  writer 
is  surely  most  conspicuous  and  astonishing, 
and  his  romantic  predictions  have  been  ful- 
filled to  an  extent  which  would  doubtless 
have  dazzled  the  seer. 

The  medallions  mentioned  at  the  foot  of 
the  poem  are  alluded  to  by  Miss  Meteyard 
in  her  '  Life  of  Josiah  Wedgwood '  (ii.  567- 
568)  :— 

"  With  the  mineral  [a  kind  of  plumbago]  Sir 
Joseph  Banks  had  forwarded  [in  1789J  some  clay 
from  the  same  colony,  which  upon  trial  Wedgwood 
found  to  be  of  excellent  quality.  To  give  proof  of 
this,  the  idea  occured  to  him  to  form  from  it  some 
medallions,  with  a  view  to  encouraging  the  arts,  and 
to  inspire  hope  amidst  many  difficulties  in  the 
breasts  of  those  distant  colonists." 

Mr.  F.  Rathbone,  the  well-known  authority 
on  Wedgwood  pottery,  informs  me  that  he 
has  possessed  in  his  time  some  fifteen  of  the 
medallions.  Those  made  of  Australian  clay 
have  the  relief  and  body  in  the  same  colour. 
The  blue  and  white  ones  are  later,  and  are 
still  made  at  Etruyia.  He  tells  me  that 
an  Australian  friend  of  his  is  of  opinion  that 
Sir  Joseph  Banks  had  little  or  nothing  to  do 
with  sending  the  clay  to  Wedgwood,  but 
that  it  came  from  Governor  Phillip.  The 
MS.  date  subjoined  by  Lysons  can  hardly 
be  taken  as  authoritative.  Perhaps  some 
correspondent  may  be  able  to  verify  or 
correct  it.  J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  im 


'ENGLANDS    PARNASSUS,'    1600. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  341,   401  ;    x.  4,  84,  182.) 

THE  esteem  in  which  the  works  of  the 
great  French  poet  Du  Bartas  were  held 
by  the  reading  public  of  the  age  of  Elizabeth 
and  James  I.  is  sufficiently  attested  by  the 
number  of  different  translations  of  his  writ- 
ings that  issued  from  the  press  at  that  time, 
and  by  the  considerable  influence  that  they 
exercised  over  writers  on  all  sorts  of  subjects. 
This  popularity  was  due  in  no  small  measure 
to  James  himself,  who,  before  he  became 
King  of  England,  translated  and  published 
as  his  own  portions  of  Du  Bartas' s  poems. 
He  also  encouraged  Thomas  Hudson  to 
translate  Du  Bartas's  '  History  of  Judith,' 
and  was  very  gracious  to  the  poet  when  he 
visited  his  Court  as  ambassador  from  France, 
giving  him  a  right  royal  welcome.  But 
James  does  not  seem  to  have  been  over-kind 
or  gracious  to  Joshua  Sylvester,  who  per- 
formed for  Du  Bartas  what  George  Chapman 
did  for  Homer,  and  whose  complete  transla- 
tion of  Du  Bartas  is  not  only  a  work  of  great 
labour,  but  a  really  honourable  and  note- 
worthy addition  to  the  literature  of  an  age 
that  produced  marvels. 

'  Englands  Parnassus  '  reflects  in  a  very 
fair  manner  the  importance  that  was  at- 
tached to  the  compositions  of  Du  Bartas,  for 
it  gives  place  to  quotations  from  the  transla- 
tions of  King  James,  Hudson,  Thomas  Lodge, 
and  Sylvester.  There  are  ten  extracts  from 
James's  poems,  nine  of  these  being  from  Du 
Bartas's  '  Urania,'  and  one  from  a  poem 
entitled  '  The  Phoenix.'  Thomas  Hudson  is 
credited  with  fifty-two  passages,  forty-nine 
of  which  Collier  has  referred  to  '  Judith.' 
Thomas  Lodge  makes  a  fifth-rate  attempt 
to  translate  a  piece  of  '  The  Furies,'  two  lines 
of  which  Allot  assigns  to  Gervase  Markham, 
but  which  I  have  found  in  '  Wits  Miserie  '  : — 

'  Warre,'  p.  354. 

Under  Warres  brazen  feete  stoopes  all  the  earth, 

His  mouth  a  flaming  brand,  his  voyce  a  thunder. 

(signed)  "Idem,"  viz.  I.  Markham. 

The  same  lines  are  translated  under 
Sylvester's  name,  in  the  same  section,  with 
a  ludicrous  mistake  by.  Allot : — 

'  Warre,'  p.  352. 

Her  brasen  teeth  shake  al  the  earth  asunder  ; 
Her  mouth  a  fire-brand,  and  her  voyce  a  thunder,  &c 

But  it  is  Sylvester's  work  that  supplies 
the  great  bulk  of  the  Du  Bartas  quotations, 
there  being  no  fewer  than  123  of  his,  a  great 
number  of  which  run  into  many  lines,  and 
being  equalled  in  totality  only  by  the  extracts 
which  Allot  took  from  the  various  poems 


of  Edmund  Spenser,  and  the  *  Orlando* 
Furioso  '  of  Sir  John  Harington. 

Collier  had  a  very  poor  opinion  of  Sylvester,, 
but  he  had  a  still  poorer  knowledge  of 
Sylvester's  work.  He  gained  his  knowledge- 
of  Sylvester  in  a  dream  ;  and  it  was  by 
intuition  that  he  was  able  to  supply  the  few 
references  that  he  appends  to  the  Sylvester- 
quotations,  most  of  which  are  miserably 
out  of  place. 

Of  the  entries  now  traced  to  Sylvester 
the  three  following  are  unsigned  in  Allot' s- 
book.  Collier  credits  the  first  one  to  Warner's 
'  Albions  England,'  and  the  second  to  '  The 
Shipwreck  of  Jonas  '  ;  the  other  he  leaves 
without  a  reference,  which  I  now  supply,, 
my  authorities  for  Sylvester,  as  stated  before, 
being  the  1641  edition  of  his  works,  editecL 
by  the  late  Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart  : — 

*  Love,'  p.  226. 

The  Dutch  in  love  is  proude,  Italians  envious, 
The  French  man  full  of  mirth,  the  Spanyard  furious- 
'  The  Colonies'  of  Du  Bartas,  11.  650-51. 

'  Of  Tempests,'  p.  424. 
Now  Nereus  foames,  and  now  the  wrackfull  wave,, 

Tis  naught  but  lightnings  flashes,  full  of  fright. 

'  The  Schisme,'  11.  918-25.. 
'  Of  the  Hebrew  Tongue,'  p.  567. 
All  haile,  thou  sempiternal!  spring 

Are  open  brookes,  where  every  man  might  read. 
4  Babylon,'  11.  420-30. 

Now  we  turn  to  Allot' s  errors  of  assign- 
ment. He  gives  one  Sylvester  passage  to. 
Thomas  Kyd,  and  signs  Sir  Philip  Sidney's- 
name  to  three  lines,  as  one  quotation,  two 
of  the  lines  belonging  to  Sylvester.  On. 
the  other  hand,  in  two  cases  he  mingles  with. 
Sylvester-signed  quotations  passages  that 
are  not  Sylvester's  at  all.  These  mixed 
entries  have  already  been  dealt  with. 

The  passage  signed  with  Thomas  Kyd's. 
name  is  the  following,  which  I  am  glad  to 
have  found,  as  it  was  thought  to  be  rightly 
credited  to  Kyd,  and  might  turn  up  some- 
day in  a  work  that  could  consequently  be 
claimed  to  be  his,  just  as  it  was  thought  by 
Grosart  that  '  The  Tragedy  of  Selimus  ' 
must  surely  be  by  Robert  Greene,  because 
Allot  gave  him  certain  passages  from  it. 
Allot,  however,  is  a  rotten  reed  to  lean  upon. 

*  Tyrannic,'  p.  342. 
It  is  an  hell  in  hatefull  vassalage, 
Under  a  Tyrant  to  consume  ones  age  ; 
A  selfe-shaven  Dennis,  or  a  Nero  fell, 
Whose  cursed  courts  with  bloud  and  incest  swell  •„ 
An  owle  that  flyes  the  light  of  parliaments 
And  state  assemblies,  jealous  of  th'  intents 
Of  private  tongues,  who  for  a  pastime  sets 
His  peeres  at  oddes,  and  on  their  furie  whets, 
Who  neither  fayth,  honour,  nor  right  respects. 

Du  Bartas's  'Babylon,'  11.  24-32. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


263T 


Thomas  Hudson's  '  History  of  Judith ' 
was  bound  up  with  all  the  folios  of  Sylvester's 
works,  but  it  was  made  plain  that  '  Judith  ' 
was  Hudson's  work,  and  not  Sylvester's. 
Allot  knew  this,  and  hence  the  signatures 
in  his  book  to  quotations  from  that  work. 
But  whether  or  not  he  and  Collier  are  correct 
in  regard  to  the  Hudson  entries  throughout 
is  a  question  that  one  could  not  answer 
without  a  good  deal  of  research.  Knowing 
that  Allot  confused  authors  bound  up  in  the 
same  book,  I  suspect  that  some  of  Sylvester's 
work  has  been  given  to  Hudson. 

Sylvester  retranslated  Hudson's  '  Judith  ' 
under  the  title  of  '  Bethulia's  Rescue,'  claim- 
ing the  new  work  wholly  for  himself,  although 
he  was  under  no  small  debt  throughout  to 
Hudson,  whose  translation  he  belittles  in  his 
verses  addressed  to  Queen  Anne.  And  yet 
I  have  been  able  without  difficulty  to  trace 
in  Sylvester's  version  of  '  Judith  '  many  of 
the  quotations  assigned  to  Hudson  by  Allot, 
simply  because  Sylvester  has  adopted  Hud- 
son's own  peculiar  phrasing.  It  is  strange 
that  Grosart  did  not  mention  the  fact  that 
'  Bethulia's  Rescue  '  is  Hudson's  translation 
of  '  Judith  '  rewritten. 

CHAS.  CRAWFORD. 

(To  be  continued.) 


SIR   WILLIAM    NEVILLE    HART   AND 
HIS    DESCENDANTS. 

ABOUT  eighteen  months  ago,  in  my  reply 
to  a  query  regarding  Stanhope  Aspinwall, 
I  gave  (10  S.  vi.  473)  a  few  particulars 
of  his  son-in-law,  William  Neville  Hart. 
I  have  since  searched  in  vain  for  any  con- 
nected account  of  the  family  of  Hart,  which 
is,  I  believe,  still  extant  in  the  male  line. 
The  following  details  may  perhaps  prove 
of  use  to  some  of  your  readers. 

Lewis  Augustus  Blondeau,  appointed  a 
gentleman  usher  to  George  II.  in  1739,* 
married  Denise,  nee  Gougeon.  She  is  said 
to  have  been  previously  married  to  a  Mr. 
Crowe  of  Kiplin,  in  Yorkshire,  but  I  cannot 
trace  any  issue  of  this  marriage.  Her  sister 
Esther  Gougeon  m.  (?  in  London,  11  June, 
1738)  Daniel  Cornelius  de  Beaufort,  a 
French  refugee,  and  was  grandmother  of 
Admiral  Sir  Francis  Beaufort,  K.C.B.  (see 
*  Diet,  of  Nat.  Biog.').  There  are  frequent 
references  to  the  families  of  Crowe  and 
Beaufort  in  Mrs.  Griffiths' s  diary.  Mrs. 
Denise  Blondeau  m.  2ndly  or  Srdly  Sir 
William  Hart,  Kt.,  banker,  and  Sheriff  of 
London,  1760-61,  who  d.e.p.  22  Aug.,  1705 


Gentleman1  s  Magazine. 


(will  proved  P.C.C.  3  Sept.  following).- 
From  the  records  of  the  Lord  Chamberlain's 
department  in  the  Public  Record  Office 
it  appears  that  Mrs.  Denise  Blondeau  was 
appointed  under  housekeeper  of  St.  James's 
Palace  to  George  II.,  31  Jan.,  1740/41. 
On  25  Feb.,  1761^  she,  then  Lady  Hart,  was 
reappointed  to  the  same  office  under 
George  III.  She  d.  at  St.  James's  Palace,. 
6  Dec.,  1793,  according  to  The  Gentleman'* 
Magazine  ;  but  the  date,  12  Dec.,  given  in 
her  granddaughter's  diary,  is  more  probably 
correct. 

By  his  wife  Denise,  Lewis  Augustus; 
Blondeau  had  issue :  1.  William  Neville 
Blondeau.  2.  Lewis  George  Blondeau,  b. 
5  April,  1744,  and  bapt.  2  May  folio  wing,  t 
3.  Frederick  Blondeau,  b.  17  March,  1745/6,. 
and  bapt.  5  May  folio  wing,  f  The  eldest 
son,  William  Neville  (Nevil)  Blondeau,. 
banker,  of  Pall  Mall,  assumed  by  private^ 
Act  of  Parliament,  22  March,  1765,  the- 
surname  of  Hart  instead  of  Blondeau ; 
b.  27  Dec.,  1741,  and  bapt.  14  Jan.  follow- 
ingt;  M.P.  for  Stafford,  1770-74;  Hon. 
D.C.L.  Oxford,  8  July,  1773  ;  Knight  of 
the  Order  of  St.  Stanislaus,  27  Dec.,  1794, 
and  sometime  Chamberlain  to  Stanislaus 
Augustus,  King  of  Poland.  Nicholas  Carlisle 
in  his  '  Foreign  Orders  of  Knighthood ' 
(London,  1839)  states  that  in  October,  1795, 
Sir  William  Neville  Hart,  after  his  return 
to  England,  received  a  letter  from  the 
Duke  of  Portland,  then  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Home  Department,  notifying  to- 
him  his  sovereign's  permission  "  to  assume 
and  bear  the  title  of  Knight  of  'The 
Order  of  Saint  Stanislaus,'  and  to  wear 
the  insignia  appertaining  to  the  same." 
This  is  confirmed  by  his  grandson,  H.  C. 
HART  (2  S.  vi.  162),  who  gives  the  text  of 
Sir  W.  N.  Hart's  diploma  as  a  knight  of 
St.  Stanislaus.  Sir  William  m.  1st,  7  Jan., 
1765,t  Elizabeth  (then  under  age),  dau. 
of  Caesar  Hawkins  (cr.  a  baronet  25  July, 
1778),  Serjeant-Surgeon  to  the  King,  and 
surgeon  to  St.  George's  Hospital.  She- 
d.  30  Oct.,  1766.*  He  m.  2ndly,  6  Oct., 
1767,t  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Stanhope  Aspin- 
wall (see  2  S.  vi.  534  ;  10  S.  vi.  409,  473), 
and  by  her  (who  d.  in  1783*)  had  issue  two- 
sons  and  four  daughters  : — 

1.  William   Stanhope   Hart,    b.    17    Oct., 
1769,  and  bapt.  14  Nov.  followingf  ;    d.  in 
his  father's  lifetime. 

2.  William   Nevil    (Neville)    Hart,    some- 
time   captain  in  the   79th   Cameron  High- 
landers, b.  19  July,  1772,  and  bapt.  12  Aug. 

f  Registers  of  St.  James's  Church,  Westminster. 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 


following f  ;  m.  11  Feb.,  1806,|  Mary,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Miller  of  Iford,  in  Essex  (?), 
by  Sarah  his  wife,  dau.  of  John  Bland. 
He  d.  at  Acton,  5  June,  1815, ||  having  had 
issue  (with  two  daughters,  Louisa  Andrews 
And  Ellen  Theophila)  a  son,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Cornelius  Hart,  curate  of  Charrington 
<  ?  Cherington),  near  Tetbury,  in  1850. 
"The  particulars  of  Capt.  Hart's  wife  and  the 
names  of  his  chilclren  are  taken  from 
vol.  xxxviii.  pp.  426-9,  of  the  Harl.  Soc. 
publications  (1895).  Only  the  date  of  his 
marriage  to  Miss  Miller  is  given  in  his 
sister's  diary. 

1.  Elizabeth  Hart,  b.  28  Aug.,  1768,  and 
bapt.    28    Sept.    followingf  ;     m.    4    June, 
1787f,  John  Griffiths,  eldest  surviving  son 
of    the    Rev.    John   Griffiths,    of    Chiswick, 
Middlesex.     She  d.  16  April,  18244  leaving 
issue,  and  was  buried  at  Charmouth,  Dorset 
<M.L).     Her  husband,   John  Griffiths,   sur- 
geon  to    the    Queen's   Household,    6   Dec., 
1792-1818,    and    surgeon    to    St.    George's 
Hospital,  1796-1822,  was  appointed  surgeon 
to  H.R.H.   the  Duke  of  Sussex,    11   Nov., 
1814  (see  the  original  account  books  of  the 
Treasurers  of  Queen  Charlotte,    1793-1817, 
preserved  at  the  British  Museum,  and  entries 
in  his  wife's  diary).     He  d.  17  Sept.,  1822, 
in  his  68th  year,  and  was  buried  at  Char- 
mouth  (M.I.). 

2.  Louisa  Alexandrina  Hart,  b.  20  Dec., 
1770,  and  bapt.   7  Jan.  following!  ;    m.  at 
•Chichester,    25   June,    1793,||   George  Lyon, 
•sometime  Lieut.-Col.   llth  Light  Dragoons, 
who  d.   1  Nov.,   1823.||     She  d.  in  London, 
18  Oct.,  1833,||  having  had  (with  other  issue, 
who  d.  young)  two  sons,  (1)  George  Francis 
Lyon,  b.  at  Chichester,  23  Jan.,  1796J  ;    (2) 
John  Lyon,  b.  at  Chichester,  6  June,  1805.J 
The    elder  son,  Capt.  George  Francis  Lyon, 
R.N.,  the  well-known  traveller  and  navigator, 
m.  at  Thames  Ditton,  5  Sept.,  1825,||  Lucy 
Louisa,     younger    dau.     of    Lord    Edward 
FitzGerald  by  Pamela  his  wife.     He  d.  at 
sea,  8  Oct.,  1832.^1 

3.  Sophia  Hart,   b.    11   Nov.,    1773,   and 
bapt.     13    Dec.    followingf  ;     m.     14    Dec., 
17954    Richard   Newton   Bennett.     She   d. 
in  Ireland,   Oct.,    1833,J  having  had  (with 
two  daughters,   Sophia  and  Elizabeth,  and 
possibly  other  issue)  "a  son,  Rich  ard  Francis 
Bennett,  b.  in  Dublin,  18  Nov.,  18  084 

+  From  the  original  diary  of  Elizabeth  (nee  Hart), 
wife  of  John  Griffiths.  After  her  death  in  1824, 
the  diary  was  continued  for  many  years  by  one  or 
•other  of  her  daughters. 

il  See  Gent.  Mag.  and  Mrs.  Griffiths's  diary. 

IT  Notices  in  Gent.  Mao.,  April,  1833,  and 
-D.N.B.' 


4.  Caroline  Frances  Hart,  b.  1  Feb.,  1775, 
and  bapt.  2  March  followingt  ;  m.  7  June, 
1796,J  at  St.  George's  Church,  Hanover 
Square,  Charles  Griffiths,  third  surviving 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Griffiths  of  Chiswick. 
She  d.  at  Bristol,  19  Aug.,  18214  leaving 
issue.  Charles  Griffiths  (foster-brother  to 
the  Duke  of  York,  2nd  son  of  George  III.), 
a  lieutenant-general  in  the  army,  and  some- 
time Lieut.-Col.  llth  Regt.  of  Foot,  was 
Captain  of  Yarmouth  Castle,  Isle  of  Wight, 
25  May,  1820,  until  his  death.  He  d.  in 
London,  31  May,  1829,  in  his  66th  year. 

Sir  William  Neville  Hart  d.  at  Inverary 
Castle,  Scotland,  23  Oct.,  1804.|| 

FREDERICK  COPLAND-GRIFFITHS. 


"  WHARF."— The  editors  of  the  '  N.E.D.' 
will  be  glad,  I  think,  of  the  following  note. 

The  sole  reference  which  Stratmann  gives 
to  prove  the  existence  of  the  word  wharf 
in  Middle  English  is  to  Robert  of  Brunne's 
translation  of  Langtoft,  ed.  Hearne,  p.  310. 
The  passage  contains  a  reference  to  '  'Brother- 
ton  on  wherfe."  I  take  it  to  be  obvious 
that  the  reference  is  really  to  "  Brotherton 
on  the  river  Wharf e  "  in  Yorkshire.  As  a 
fact,  Brotherton  is  not  on  the  Wharf  e,  but 
it  is  only  some  nine  miles  south  of  it,  so 
that  the  indication  of  locality  is  practically 
sufficient. 

This  being  so,  away  goes  the  sole  reference, 
as  indicated  above.  I  beg  leave  to  substitute 
for  it  the  following  instances.  Three  occur 
in  the  '  Liber  Custumarum '  :  at  p.  62, 
"  La  rue  de  Thamise,  ne  le  Wherf "  ;  at 
p.  150,  "  en  Famise  a  Wodewharfe ";  at 
p.  447,  "Seint  Botulph  Wharf  e"  And  at 
least  two  in  the  '  Liber  Albus  '  :  at  p.  690, 
"  Fysshwharfe  "  :  and  at  p.  730,  "  Wol- 
wharfe."  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

HUBERT  A.  HOLDEN  :  HENRY  HOLDEN. — 
In  the  life  of  Hubert  Ashton  Holden  pub- 
lished in  the  '  D.N.B.'  Supplement  C.  E.  H. 
states  that  he  published  in  collaboration 
with  R.  D.  Archer  -  Hind  the  '  Sabrinse 
Corolla,'  "  1850  ;  4th  ed.  1890."  Without 
following  up  all  the  errors  packed  into  this 
statement,  it  is  sufficient  to  point  out  that 
it  was  H.  A,  Holden's  cousin,  Henry  Holden 
of  Durham,  an  old  Salopian,  who  edited  the 
'  Sabrinse  Corolla.'  T.  NICKLIN. 

Rossail  School,  Fleetwood. 

"  SANTAPEE,"  GUIANA  TERM. — In  the 
Demerara  Daily  Argosy  of  2  August  there 
is  a  long  and  exhaustive  article  (two  columns) 
on  the  "  santapee,"  which  is  the  well-known 
term  in  British  Guiana  for  the  class  known 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  s,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


here  as  "  hooligans."  I  place  this  on  record 
as  during  the  last  five  years  the  class  has 
leapt  into  prominence,  and  justified  the  em- 
ployment of  two  city  magistrates.  At  any 
rate,  the  term  should  be  of  interest  to  philolo- 
gists and  lexicographers.  "  Santapee  "  is 
the  Creole  pronunciation  of  "  centipede." 
The  "  centipede "  has  been  defined  as  a 
youth  (say)  under  thirty  years  of  age  who 
"  pursues  the  occupation  of  idleness  with  an 
interminable  industry."  A  gang  of  "  centi- 
pedes "  for  a  consideration  will  waylay  and 
assault  and  beat  any  one.  There  is  a  street 
ditty  which  says  that 

Man  santapee  bad, 
but 

Oman  santapee  ivussa  bad, 

i.e.,  the  female  "  centipede  "  is  worse  than 
the  male.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

SNAKES  DRINKING  MILK. — In  the  preface 
to  '  Vikram  and  the  Vampire,'  Sir  Richard 
Burton  said,  in  1870,  "  The  learned  and  still 
living  Mgr.  Gaume  ( '  Traite  du  Saint- 
Esprit,'  p.  81)  joins  Camerarius  in  the  belief 
that  serpents  bite  women  rather  than  men." 
I  cannot  at  present  either  hunt  up  the 
theological  treatise  or  find  out  which  of  the 
learned  Camerarius  family  Mgr.  Gaume 
quoted  with  approval.  Perhaps  some  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  may  be  able  and  inclined  to 
do  so  ;  for  the  fables  (the  ancient  ones  at 
least)  about  snakes  are  an  interesting 
department  of  folk-lore,  and  they  are  often 
worth  recording.  For  instance,  a  very 
intelligent  elderly  Provencal  peasant,  on 
my  asking  him  whether  he  had  ever  known 
snakes  to  suck  milch  cattle,  assured  me 
not  only  that  they  did  so,  but  also  that  they 
would  rob  women  of  their  milk  if  they  got 
the  opportunity.  He  knew  of  a  woman 
whose  infant  was  failing  for  want  of  the 
maternal  milk,  and  the  lack  of  it  was  ex- 
plained when  one  of  the  household,  rising 
very  early  one  morning,  saw  a  large  snake 
coming  down  a  vine-stock  which  reached 
to  the  open  window  of  the  woman's  bed- 
room. The  snake  was  killed,  and  dis- 
covered to  be  gorged  with  milk.  I  found 
that  this  idea  of  snakes  sucking  nursing- 
mothers  is  commonly  believed  in  Provence. 

The  modern  Anglo-Indian  stories  of 
cobras,  when  about  to  bite  Englishmen, 
being  enticed  from  their  intended  victims 
by  a  proffered  saucer  of  milk  are  perfect 
fables— mere  stories  for  griffins  and  sensa- 
tional magazines.  I  have  often  offered 
milk  to  snakes,  Indian  and  English  ;  but 
it  has  always  been  refused,  though  some- 
times the  snake  was  so  thirsty  as  to  drink 


water  eagerly  when  offered  immediately 
afterwards.  The  idea  that  snakes  are 
:ond  of  milk  arose  probably  from  the  custom, 
of  Indians  to  put  some  milk  or  other  such, 
offering  near  a  hol^  in  their  garden  where 
a  cobra  lives.  This  snake  is  respected ; 
it  is  useful,  as  it  lives  principally  on  rats  ; 
it  never  molests  folk  ;  and  it  is  most  rare 
for  any  accident  to  occur  from  it.  The 
milk  is  put  as  an  offering,  and  it  is  no  more 
expected  that  the  cobra  will  drink  it  than, 
that  the  rice  and  other  food  brought  by 
pious  Burmans  to  a  pagoda,  and  placed 
an  one  of  the  altars  round  it,  will  be  eaten. 
by  Buddha  or  the  Nats. 

Much  snake  -  lore  has  doubtless  been 
brought  from  the  East  by  gipsies,  originally 
an  Indian  tribe.  George  Borrow  probably- 
heard  many  snake-stories  from  his  gipsy 
friends,  and  this  may  have  led  him  to  say 
('Lavengro,'  chap,  iv.)  that  when  a  boy 
he  was  in  the  habit  of  feeding  a  viper  with 
milk,  whence  he  got  the  name  of  Sapengro 
(cf.  Indian  "  Serpendren,"  snake-man).  Per- 
haps he  thought  he  had  done  so. 

EDWARD  NICHOLSON. 

[Sir  Conan  Doyle  in  *  The  Speckled  Band,'  one  of 
the  Sherlock  Holmes  series,  represents  a  snake  as- 
attracted  by  milk.] 

SHERLOCK  :  THE  NAME. — As  to  the  origin. 
of  this  name,  Canon  Bardsley,  in  his  'History 
of  Surnames,'  suggests,  with  a  query,  "  with 
shorn  locks  "  ;  but  the  rare  word  sherlokked 
occurs  in  Wright- Wiilcker's  '  Vocabularies,' 
586/20,  as  the  equivalent  of  M.  Lat.  Gerlinusr 
with  the  addition  "  et  dicitur  de  equo." 
I  have  not  present  access  to  Du  Cange  for 
the  exact  definition  of  "  Gerlinus." 

H.  P.  L. 

.  "  MOTTE  "  :  "  MOT."  —  This  American 
word  for  a  clump  of  trees  is  thought  by  the 
editors  of  the  '  N.E.D.'  to  be  apparently 
a  special  use  of  the  French  motte,  a  mound. 
This  seems  very  improbable.  It  is,  I  submit, 
the  same  word  as  mote,  Old  Eng.  mot,  a  spot, 
speck,  or  blemish — a  clump  of  trees  being 
regarded  as  a  dark  patch  or  stain  on  the 
face  of  the  landscape.  The  '  Guide  to  the 
Lakes,'  1780,  notes  that  "  a  single  tree  often 
looks  like  a  blot,  and  a  plantation  like  a  daub ' y 
(p.  274).  A  perfect  analogy  is  presented 
by  the  Italian  macchia,  a  wood,  Corsican 
maquis,  a  clump  of  bushes  or  thicket  (see 
P.  Merimee,  '  Colomba,'  chap,  ii.),  both  from 
Lat.  macula,  a  spot.  Florio  gives  : — 

"  Macchia,  any  kind  of  spot,  speckle,  staine  or 
blemish.  Also  a  brake  of  briers,  a  firzie  place,  a- 
thicket  of  brambles  or  briers,  a  place  full  of  bushes- 
or  shrubs." 


•266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 


In  a  newspaper  extract  which  I  made  many 
years  ago  the  writer  says : — 

"Looking  from  the  top  of  Lucretilis,  one  com- 
prehended the  appropriateness  of  the  Italian  term 
macchia  to  signify  a  forest.  Macchia  means  a  stain. 
And  the  dark  patches  of  forest  seem  in  the  brilliant 
Italian  light  exactly  like  so  many  dark  stains  on 
i;he  face  of  the  landscape." 

We  may  perhaps  compare  o-7riAos,  a  blot 
or  stain,  used  for  a  rock  in  St.  Jude,  12,  as 
if  a  blemish  on  the  face  of  the  sea  (but  see 
Lightfoot,  '  Revision  of  the  New  Testament,' 
p.  137).  Somewhat  similarly  "spot,"  a  place 
or  site,  is  only 'an  extended  use  of  "spot," 
,a  stain.  A.  SMYTHE  PALMER. 

BIRTH  ANNOUNCEMENTS. — The  announce- 
ments of  births  in  the  newspapers  are  taking 
.a  new  form.  Instead  of  "  the  wife  of  John 
Smith,  of  a  son,"  we  now  read  "  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  John  Smith,  a  son."  But  the  old 
is  better,  the  bearing  (whence  the  "  birth  ") 
.being  the  woman's  work.  W.  C.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
•in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


STAFFORDSHIRE    M.P.s. 

I  AM  anxious  to  obtain  biographical  and 
other  details  relative  (1)  to  any  M.P.  for  the 
•county  of  Stafford,  and  for  any  borough 
within  its  area  ;  (2)  to  any  person,  connected 
by  birth  or  otherwise  with  the  county,  who 
may  have  represented  places  or  counties 
outside  Staffordshire. 

I  subjoin  the  representation  up  to  the 
Parliament  held  in  "  York,  14  Nov.,  1322, 
the  sixteenth  year  of  King  Edward  II.," 
.and  shall  be  obliged  by  receiving  anything 
relative  thereto.  Replies  should  be  sent 
to  me  direct.  R.  SIMMS. 

Newcastle-under-Lyme,  Staffs. 

List  of  Members  of  Parliament  for  Staffordshire,  of 
places  therein,  and  of  Staffordshire  Persons 
who  have  been  elected  for  other  Counties  and 
Places. 

Parliament  assembled  at  Westminster,    15    July, 

Johannes  de  Pateshull. — Bucks. 

Willielmus  de  Staff.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  de  Mere.— Staffs. 
Westminster,  13,  and  prorogation  27,  Nov.,  1295. 

Henricus  de  Ores  well. — Staffs. 

Richardus  Caverswall. — Staffs. 

Willielmus  Ryner.  —  Stafford  Borough. 

Johannes  Be  ton. — Stafford  Bor. 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  3  Nov,  1296,  24  Edw.  I.— No 
returns. 


London,  6  Oct.,  1297,  25  Edw.  I.— No  returns  for 

Staffs. 
York,  25  May,  1298,  26  Edw.  I. 

Willielmus  de  Stafford.— Staffs. 

Henricus  Mauveysin. — Staffs. 
No  returns  for  Stafford  Bor. 
Westminster,  6  March,  1299/1300,  28  Edw.  I. 

Radulphus  Basset.— Staffs. 

Henricus  Mauvesysin. — Staffs. 
York,  20  May,  1300,  28  Edw.  I.— No  returns  for 

Staffs. 
Lincoln,  20  Jan.,  1300/1,  29  Edw.  I. 

Radulphus  Basset  de  Sapecote. — Staffs. 

Henricus  Mauvesysin. — Staffs. 

Ricardus  nT  Rogeri  de  Stafford.— Stafford  Bor. 

Ricardus  de  Newport. — Stafford  Bor. 
London,  29  Sept.,  by  prorogation  to  Westminster, 
14  Oct.,  1302,  30  Edw.  I. 

Henricus  de  Creswell. — Staffs. 

Willielmus  Tromewyne.— Staffs. 
Westminster,  16  Feb.,  by  prorogation  to  28  Feb., 
1304/5,  33  Edw.  I. 

Willielmus  Tromwyne.— Staffs. 

Philippus  de  Barynton. — Staffs. 

Johannes  nT  Willielmi  de  Pikstok.— Stafford  Bor. 

Philippus  de  Or i'evere.— Stafford  Bor. 

Henricus  Bagod. — Coventry. 
Westminster,  30  May,  1306,  34  Edw.  I. 

Willielmus  de  Stafford.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  de  Mere.— Staffs. 

Philippus  de  Orfevre. — Stafford  Bor. 

Henricus  Bagot.— Coventry. 
Carlisle,  20  Jan.,  1306/7,  35  Edw.  I. 

Robertus  de  Stauiidon. — Staffs. 

Robertus  de  Ditton. — Staffs. 
Northampton,  13  Oct.,  1307,  1  Edw.  II. 

Simon  de  Stafford. — Shrewsbury. 

Willielmus  de  Stafford.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  de  Mere.— Staffs. 

Philippus  de  Orfevre.— Stafford  Bor. 

Simon  de  Newport. — Stafford  Bor. 
Westminster,  3  March,  1307/8,   1  Edw.   II. —No 

return  for  Staffs. 
Westminster,  27  Ap.,  1309,  2  Edw.  II. 

Robertus  de  Button.  —Staffs. 

Robertus  de  Tok'.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  Reyner. — Stafford  Bor. 

Simon  de  Stafford. — Stafford  Bor. 
London,  8  Aug.,  1311,  5  Edw.  II. 

Willielmus  de  Stafford.— Staffs. 

Robertus  Tok'.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  de  Wolaston.— Stafford  Bor. 

Nicolaus  le  Barber.— Stafford  Bor. 
Resummoned  (after  prorogation)  to  meet  at  West- 
minster 12  Nov.,  1311,  5  Edw.  II. 

Same  again. 

Westminster,  13  Feb.,  1311/12,  but  revoked  before 
the  Return,  5  Edw.  II. — No  returns  except 
for  Cornwall. 

Lincoln,  23  July,  by  prorogation  at  Westminster, 
20  Aug.,  1312,  6  Edw.  II. 

Radulphus  atte  Wode. — Bridge  water. 

Rogerus  Trumwyne.— Staffs. 

Robertus  Tok.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  Reyner. — Stafford  Bor. 

Johannes  de  London. — Stafford  Bor. 
Westminster,  18  March,  1312/13,  6  Edw.  II. 

Hugo  de  Dray  cote. — Ilchester. 

Rogerus  Trumwyne. — Staffs. 
Robertus  de  Bures. — Staffs. 
WTillielmus  Reyner.— Stafford  Bor. 
Johannes  le  Mareschal,  Stafford  Bor. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


Westminster,  8  July,  1313,  7  Edw.  II. 

Rogerus  Trumwyne. — Staffs. 

Robertas  de  Bures.— Staffs. 

Johannes  de  London'  de  Staff" — Stafford  Bor. 

Simon  Trumwyne. — Stafford  Bor. 

Johannes  nT  Roberti  de  Lych'. — Lichfield. 

Adam  le  Parmenter. — Lichfield. 
Westminster,  23  Sept.,  1313,  7  Edw.  II. 

Hugo  de  Draycote. — Ilchester. 

Willielmus  de  Stafford.— Staffs. 

Ricardus  de  Caverswall. — Staffs. 

Johannes  le  Mareschal. — Stafford  Bor. 

Willielmus  de  Reiner. — Stafford  Bor. 
jjWillielmus  fil'  Johannis  le  Mareschal  was  M.P  for 

St.  Albans,  1314/15.] 
Westminster,  21  Ap.,  1314,  7  Edw.  II.— No  returns 

for  Staffs. 

York,  9  Sept.,  1314, 7  Edw.  II.— No  returns  for  Staffs 
Westminster,  20  Jan.,  1314/15,  8  Edw.  II. 

Robertus  de  Docton'  (Button). — Staffs. 

Johannis  de  Perton. — Staffs. 

Simon  de  Melewyo. — Stafford  Bor. 

Johannes  de  Somenour.— Stafford  Bor. 

Johannes  atte  Wode. — Worcester  city 
JLincpln,  27  Jan.,  1315/16,  9  Edw.  II. 

Willielmus  Trumwyne. — Staffs. 

Robertus  de  Tok.— Staffs. 

IN,B.  Two  knights  were  summoned  from  each 
county  to  meet  at  Westminster,  on  certain 
days  between  25  Ap.  and  24  May,  1316,  con- 
cerning Perambulations  of  Forests,  9  Edw  II 

Thomas  le  Rous.— Staffs. 

Johannes  de  Barre. — Staffs. 

•N'B-  S*?  ikni?.h,ls  for  same  to  meet  afc  Lincoln, 

2fd  J  Illy,  lolb. 

Johannis  Basset. — Rutland. 

Thomas  le  Rous,  Miles.— Staffs. 

Willielmus  Trumwyne.— Staffs. 
Lincoln    27  Jan.,  by  prorogation  to  12  March  and 
to  19th  June,  1318,  finally  revoked— on  account 
of   the    invasion  by  the    Scots— before    the 
Return.— Returns  for  Devon  and  Wilts  only 
York,  20  Oct.,  1318,  12  Edw.  II. 

Willielmus  de  Stafford,  Miles.— Staffs 

Robertus  de  Grendon.— Staffs. 

Ricardus  Sabyn.— Stafford  Bor. 

Johannes  le  Somenour.— Stafford  Bor 
York,  6  May,  1319,  12  Edw.  II. 

Radulphus  de  Rolleston.—  Staffs. 

Robertus  de  Button.— Staffs. 

Simon  deMulewych  (Milwich).— Stafford  Bor 

Johannes  de  Hughtesdon.— Stafford  Bor. 
Westminster,  6  Oct.,  1320,  14  Edw.  II 

Robertus  Touk  (Tok),  Miles.— Derbyshire 

Robertus  de  Grendon.— Staffs. 

Johannes  de  Hynkeleye.— Staffs. 

Johannes  Pykestok.— Stafford  Bor 

Ricardus  Sabyn.— Stafford  Bor. 
Westminster,  15  July,  1321,  15  Edw.  II. 

Johannes  de  Hampton.— Rochester. 

Hugo  de  Draycote.— Ilchester. 

Robertus  Tok.— Staffs. 

Robertus  de  Dutton.— Staffs. 

Ricardus  Sabyn.— Stafford  Bor. 
Y£™  <Mil£ch).-Stafford  Bo, 

Johannes  Paries.— Colchester. 
Johannes  Hampton.— Leominster. 
Radulphus  Bagod.— Northants. 
Johannes  de  Swynnerton.—  Staffs 
Henricus  de  Bysshebury.— Staffs. 


Ripon,  afterwards  altered  to  York,  14  Nov.,  1322, 

16  Edw.  II. 

Hugo  de  Draicote. — Ilchester. 
Johannes  Gyffard. — Staffs. 
Philippus  de  Somervill.— Staffs. 
Johannes  de  Hughtesdon. — Stafford  Bor. 
Simon  de  Melewych.— -Stafford  Bor. 
Johannes  de  Ocleye. — Worcester  Co. 


'  THE  ANGLER'S  COMPANION.' — A  friend 
has  favoured  me  with  the  loan  of  an  angling 
relic  of  considerable  value  and  interest  to 
Waltonians.  It  has  been  in  his  family  for 
many  years,  and  he  believes  it  came  down 
to  him  from  his  great-grandfather. 

It  is  a  large  cream  silk  handkerchief, 
measuring  3  ft.  by  2  ft.  9  in.,  and  has  been 
carefully  repaired  in  places  where  time  or 
moth  has  injured  it.  Running  round  it  is 
an  inch-and-a-half  border,  divided  into 
oblong  compartments.  At  the  foot — in  large 
letters — is  the  title  *  The  Angler's  Companion' 
(sine  n.  et  L),  flanked  with  some  bars  from 
the  air  of  '  The  Angler's  Song.'  Continuing 
the  border  on  the  left  side  are  five  instruc- 
tions under  "  Flies  "  ;  five  under  "  Pastes," 
extending  to  the  top  ;  seven  under"  Worms" 
and  eight  down  the  right  side  under  "Fishes 
and  Insects."  In  the  centre  of  the  hand- 
kerchief is  a  portrait  of  Izaak  Walton  (giving 
dates  of  birth  and  death)  against  a  back- 
ground of  foliage,  and  high  up  a  large  urn 
on  which  are  the  words  "  Piscato[ribus] 
Sacrum "  ;  along  the  bottom  is  arranged 
fishing  tackle.  The  remainder  of  the  body 
of  the  handkerchief  is  filled  up  with  about 
two  dozen  ovals,  on  which  are  printed  pic- 
tures of  various  freshwater  fish,  in  each  case 
giving  the  months  to  fish  and  the  bait  to 
use  for  each  sort  of  fish  as  well  as  the  kind 
of  rivers  where  they  are  to  be  found,  also 
numbers  referring  to  the  meticulous  instruc- 
tions in  the  border.  The  whole  is  printed 
in  a  light  brown. 

I  have  consulted  the  best  edition  of 
Westwood  and  Satchell's  '  Bibliotheca  Pis- 
catoria  '  and  other  authorities  without  finding 
any  reference  to  this  silk  broadside,  although 
a  paper  broadside  called  '  The  Angler's  Assist- 
ant '  i?  duly  described. 

The  general  character  of  the  type  and  the 
pictures  of  fish,  &c.,  induce  me  to  think  it 
may  date  back  to  the  Johnsonian  period, 
when  the  great  doctor  revived  an  interest 
in  Walton's  writings,  and  his  contemporaries 
the  Rev.  Moses  Browne  and  Sir  John  Hawkins 
piously  reprinted  '  The  Compleat  Angler.' 
I  should  like  to  learn  something  about  it, 
and  to  know  whether  other  examples  have 
survived.  C.  ELKIN  MATHEWS. 

Chorley  Wood,  Herts. 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         no  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  im 


DOLLY     MONROE. — I     should     be     much 
obliged   for   some    brief   particulars    of   the 
parentage  of  this  celebrated  Irish  beauty. 
RICHARD  LINN. 

Worcester  Street,  Christchurch,  New  Zealand. 

FRENCH  GAZETTE. — To  what  publication 
is  the  reference  in  the  note  in  Scott's  '  Mar- 
mion,'  in  which,  in  speaking  of  the  death 
of  King  James,  Scott  says  :  "  '  He  was 
killed,'  says  the  curious  French  Gazette, 
'  within  a  lance's  length  of  the  Earl  of 
Surrey  '  "  ?  HENRY  LEFFMANN. 

Philadelphia. 

'  GINEVRA.' — Mr.  W.  M.  Rossetti  in  a 
note  to  Shelley's  fragmentary  poem  called 
'  Ginevra '  (vol.  iii.  p.  419  of  his  ed.  of 
Shelley's  works)  says  :  "  In  1546  a  comedy 
on  the  subject  was  acted,  named  '  Ginevra, 
morta  dal  Campagnile,  la  quale,  sendo  morta 
e  sotterata,  resuscita.'  ' 

For  literary  purposes  I  shall  be  glad  if 
any  reader  can  give  me  information  as  to 
this  play  and  its  author,  and  tell  me  in  what 
collection  of  plays  (if  any)  it  occurs.  I  may 
mention  that  Mr.  Rossetti  is  unable  to  give 
me  any  further  information  than  is  furnished 
by  his  note. 

If  desired,  replies  may  be  sent  direct. 

A.    COLLINGWOOD    LEE. 

Waltham  Abbey,  Essex. 

SIR  CHRISTOPHER  HAWKINS,  BT.  —  Can 
any  reader  tell  me  where  I  can  find  an 
engraved  or  other  portrait  of  this  gentleman  ? 
He  died  at  Trewithen,  Cornwall,  6  April, 
1829.  JOHN  LANE. 

The  Bodley  Head,  Vigo  Street,  W. 

WOTTON    AND    THE    EVELYNS. Who    Was 

the  "  Owen,"  a  "  great  rich  man,"  of  whom 
John  Evelyn's  grandfather,  the  powder- 
maker,  bought  Wotton  ?  W.  W.  W. 

CROMWELL    AND    THE     117TH    PSALM. 

Carlyle,  writing  about  the  battle  of  Dunbar, 
says  : — 

"  The  Lord  General  made  a  halt,  says  Hodgson, 
and  sang  the  117th  Psalm,  till  our  horse  could 
gather  for  the  chase.  Hundred  and  Seventeenth 
Psalm,  at  the  foot  of  the  Doon  Hill ;  there  we 
uplift  it  to  the  tune  of  Bangor,  or  some  still  higher 
score,  and  roll  it  strong  and  great  against  the 
sky:— 

0  give  ye  praise  unto  the  Lord, 

All  nat-ions  that  be  ; 
Likewise,  ye  people,  all  accord 
His  praise  to  magnify  ! 

Is  Carlyle  right  in  giving  the  Metrical  Version 
of  the  Psalm  as  the  one  used  by  Cromwell  ? 
and  has  the  tune  to  which  he  sang  it  never 
been  verified  ?  CROMRAN. 


ANNA,  A  PLACE-NAME.  —  At  Jedburgh, 
Kelso,  and  Melrose,  in  Roxburghshire,  there 
is  a  piece  of  flat  meadow  land  on  the  bank 
of  the  river.  This  land  is  termed  the 
"  Anna  "  or  "  Ana."  I  think  in  each  case 
it  is  the  property  of  the  town.  What  is  the 
derivation  of  the  word  ?  Is  this  place-name 
extant  elsewhere  ?  G.  W-N. 

Oxford. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED — Who 
is  the  author  of  verses  named  '  Achieve- 
ment '  ?  The  first  is  as  follows  : — 

I  cannot  see  the  veiled  face  of  Success ; 
My  weary  efforts  in  the  shadow  lurk  ; 
I  cannot  guess  reward  beyond  the  stress — 
But  I  can  work. 

A.  C. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  the  origin 
of  the  following  quotations  ? 

1.  Habacuc  est  capable  de  tout. 

2.  The  greatest  King  of    England  was  born  not 
at  Windsor,  but  at  Huntingdon. 

C.  T.-S. 

"  VILLE  OF  SARRE." — This  inscription 
appears  upon  the  side  of  "  The  King's 
Head  Half -Way  House"  at  the  village  of 
Sarre,  in  Thanet.  Is  not  the  employment 
of  the  word  "  ville  "  rather  \musual  ?  Per- 
haps readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  mention  other 
instances.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenseum  Club. 

OULDS  IN  IRELAND. — Were  there  Quids 
in  Ireland  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries  ?  CELT. 

ST.  GODWALD. — Is  anything  known  about 
this  saint  ?  A  church  in  the  parish  of  Stoke 
Prior,  Worcestershire,  is  dedicated  to  him. 

W.  F.  C. 

OLDEST  INHABITED  HOUSE  IN  SCOTLAND. 
— The  honour  of  being  the  most  ancient 
inhabited  house  in  Scotland  has  been 
claimed  for  Dunvegan  Castle  in  Skye,  for 
Castlecary  Castle  near  Cumbernauld,  and, 
I  think,  for  Dunnottar  Castle.  Has  it  ever 
been  definitely  decided  to  which  of  the  three 
the  true  honour  belongs  ? 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

SIR  HENRY  HYDE. — There  is  a  monument 
to  Sir  Henry  Hyde  in  Salisbury  Cathedral, 
which  states  that  he  was  Consul  for  about 
sixteen  years  in  Morea,  where  he  founded 
a  church,  and  Ambassador  of  Charles  LL 
to  the  Turkish  Emperor,  and  that  he  was- 
treacherously  delivered  into  the  hands  of  his- 
inveterate  enemies,  then  sitting  in  Council 
at  Westminster,  and  beheaded  4  March, 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


1650.  According  to  a  quotation  in  Harris' 
'  Salisbury  Epitaphs  '  from  '  The  Lives  an 
Writings  of  Charles  I.,  Oliver  Cromwell, 
£c.,  by  William  Harris  of  Salisbury, 
"  the  Ottoman  Court,  for  a  little  money,  barbarous!, 
delivered  up  the  Ambassador,  Henry  Hyde,  ar 
accomplished  gentleman,  into  the  hands  of  th 
pretended  Parliament,  who  being  brought  over  t 
England,  for  his  unblemished  loyalty,  without  anj 
pretence  of  ancient  law,  was  beheaded  before  th 
Exchange  in  London." 

Where   is   his  history  recorded  ?      The  onb 
mention  of  him  in  the  '  Dictionary  of  Nationa 
Biography  '  is  at  p.  366,  vol.  xxviii.,  where 
he  is  referred  to  as  "a  brother  of  Alexander 
Hyde,  who  accompanied  Charles  IT.  to  the 
Continent,    and    was    beheaded    in    London 
in    1651."     But    if    Sir    Henry    Hyde    was 
delivered  over  to  the  Parliament  by  the  Otto 
man  Court,  he  can  hardly  have  been  on  th< 
Continent  with  Charles  II.     It  is  also  statec 
by  Harris  that  he  was  tried  at  the  same  time 
as  the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  the  Earl  of  Holland, 
and   Lord   Capel :     they  were   executed   a1 
Westminster   9  March,  1649/50,  and   Hyde 
nearly  a  year  later. 

Sir  Henry  Hyde  was  one  of  the  eleven 
sons  of  Sir  Laurence  Hyde  (who  was  Attorney- 
General  to  Queen  Anne,  wife  of  James  I.) 
and  Barbara  Castilian,  his  wife.  Sir  Lau- 
rence Hyde  was  a  son  of  Laurence  Hyde  of 
West  Hatch,  Wilts,  and  elder  brother  of 
Henry  Hyde,  the  father  of  Edward  Hyde, 
Earl  of  Clarendon,  who  was,  therefore,  a  first 
cousin  of  Sir  Henry  Hyde  and  his  ten  brothers, 
amongst  whom  were  Sir  Robert  Hyde  (Lord 
Chief  Justice)  ;  Alexander,  Bishop  of  Salis- 
bury ;  Sir  Frederick,  Chief  Justice  of  South 
Wales  :  and  James,  Principal  of  Magdalen 
Hall,  mentioned  in  Evelyn's  diary. 

J.  J.  H. 

Salisbury. 

CRABBLE,  A  PLACE-NAME. — There  is  on  the 
western  outskirts  of  Dover  a  hamlet  called 
Grabble.  I  have  searched  in  vain  for  the 
derivation  of  the  name.  Can  any  reader 
suggest  its  derivation,  or  say  if  there  is  any 
other  place  so  named  ? 

JOHN  BAVINGTON  JONES. 
Dover. 

CHANGES  IN  HANDWRITING  :  LARGE-TEXT 
W  AND  LONG  &--The  August  number  of 
The  Bibliophile  contains  a  second  interesting 
article  by  Mr.  Harold  F.  B.  Wheeler  on  Napo~- 
leon  caricatures.  The  author  proves  that 
he  is  not  a  person  of  great  age  by  \vriting, 
as  to  '  Jack  Junk's  New  Jester  '  (p.  311)  :— 

"  With  the  engraver's  usual  disregard  for  spelling, 
the  word  '  tow '  is  spelt  '  ton '  in  the  title  of  the 
picture." 


Reference  to  the  reproduction  (p.  312)  shows 
a  distinct  "  tow  "  ;  but  the  w  is  of  the  form 
of  a  colligated  nv,  with  which  I  was  familiar 
some  forty  j^ears  ago  in  "  large-text"  copies, 
but  not,  so  far  as  I  remember^  in  other  hands. 
Can  the  date  of  its  final  disappearance  be 
ascertained  ? 

In  a  proof  the  other  day  I  came  upon 
the  strange  word  "  papport  " — evidence  that 
the  compositor  had  been  educated  since  the 
practical  disuse  of  "  long  s."  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  to  what  extent  it  yet 
survives.  Old-fashioned  people  still  use  it 
in  one  case,  at  any  rate — in  the  word 
"  Messrs."  in  the  address  of  a  letter  ;  and  I 
must  plead  guilty  to  using  it  (though  I  have 
not  completed  my  fifth  decade)  in  such  words 
as  "possession"  and  "profession."  In  the 
former  case,  I  venture  to  think  it  looks  better. 

Q.  V. 

[The  survival  of  the  long  s  in  printing  was  dis- 
cussed so  recently  as  10  S.  viii.  205,  258,  372.] 

"  CRIPPLE  CARRYING." — I  find  on  exa- 
mining the  church  books  of  this  parish 
considerable  sums  allotted  to  the  above 
purpose — as  much  as  151.  at  a  time.  Does  it 
mean  the  removal  of  vagrants,  "foreigners," 
&c.,  from  the  parish,  or  the  passing  along 
the  Western  road  disabled  soldiers  and 
sailors  ?  FREDERIC  TURNER. 

Egham. 

Ho  WE = RUSSELL. — I  should  be  greatly 
obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could  tell  me 
where  I  can  find  a  note  on  the  family  of 
Eowe  showing  a  Howe-Russell  marriage, 
and  also  describing  one  member  of  the  family 
as  of  Havering,  Essex.  I  found  this  some 
years  ago,  but  have  lost  the  reference,  and 
am  unable  to  trace  it.  F.  H. 

6,  Wellington  Square,  S.W. 

VOREDA,  ROMAN  TOWN. — The  late  Rev. 
Tohn  Brunskill  in  a  paper  on  '  Ormshed 
Ormside]  and  its  Church,'  communicated 
,o  the  Cumberland  and  Westmorland  Anti- 
quarian Society  on  20  June,  1900,  writes  : — 

The  ruined  Roman  town  of  Voreda  in  Plumpton, 
ushed  by  a  Northern  raid,  and  buried  by  Nature's 
Teenery  in  the  then  desolate  Inglewood  Forest, 
emains  an  historic  mine  still  awaiting  reverent 
xcavation." 

las  this  work  ever  been  undertaken,  and 
vith  what  results  ?  Where  can  further 
nformation  on  this  station  be  met  with  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

MRS.  CONWAI  HACKETT. — Information  is 
anted  as  to  this  lady,  whose  portrait  I  have 
mezzotint,  about  200  years  old,  by 
.  Smith  after  F.  Riley.  R.  L.  MORETON. 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  im 


"  PLANE  SAILING  "  OB  "PLAIN  SAILING." 
—  When  one  wishes  to  indicate  a  course 
of  action  lying  before  one  without  difficulty 
or  obstruction  of  any  kind,  which  is  the 
correct  expression,  "plane  sailing"  or 
"  plain  sailing  "  ?  F.  DE  H.  L. 


SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY 

QUOTATIONS. 

(lOS.x.  127.) 

I.  IF    by     "  Antiparistasis  "     is     meant 
antiperistasis  (  =  "  opposition  or  contrast  of 
circumstances,"     &c.),    see    the     '  N.E.D.' 
under  the  latter  word. 

3.  "  Fluctum  enim  totius  Barbarise,"  &c. 
This  is  from  Cicero,  '  Epp,  ad  Atticum,'  vii. 
11,3. 

10.  "  Like  the  Scythian  Ateas,"  &c.  See 
Plutarch,  "  Non  posse  suaviter  vivi  secun- 
dum  Epicurum,"  p.  1095. 

II.  See  Cicero,  '  De  Divinatione,'  ii.  148. 
The  passage  runs  thus  :    "  Esse  prsestantem 
aliquam     seternamque     naturam,     et     earn 
suspiciendam      admirandamque      hominum 

feneri    ordo    rerum    caelestium    cogit    con- 
teri." 

17.  Petrus  Angelius  is  the  latinized  name 
of  Petro  Angelio  or  degli  Angeli,  an  Italian 
humanist    of    the    sixteenth    century,    who 
was  born  at  Barga  (hence  called  Barggeus) 
in   1517,   and  died  at   Pisa  in    1596.     The 
quotation    beginning    "  Quos    India    pascit 
onagros  "   is  from  the  second  book  of  his 
1  Cynegetica  '  (written  in  six  books),  11.  284-8, 
p.  39  in  the  1568  edition  of  '  Petri  Angelii 
Bargaei    Poemata    Omnia  '   (Florence,  apud 
Juntas). 

18.  "  At    sonitu    ingenti,"    &c.,    is    from 
11.  733-41  of  the  third  book  of  the  '  Cyne- 
getica '  (p.  90  ed.  cit.).     The  quotation  has 
been  very  much  mangled.      "  Cornua  "    in 
the  second  line  should  be  cornea;   "  fugiere  " 
should  be  fugere  ;     "  cervo  "    in  the   third 
should  be   cervos  ;     "  albo  "    in  the  fourth 
should  be  alba;     "  densantur  "  in  the  fifth 
densentur  ;    "  trenia  "  in  the  seventh  should 
be  tcznia,   and  the   line   should   close  with 
a   semicolon.      "  Linda  "    in    the   next   line 
should  be  Linea,  and  "  comitantur  "  should 
be  comitatur. 

19.  "Ergo     ubi     lapsa     jacent."     These 
"  facetious    verses  "     are    from    the    same 
poem  (lib.  iv.  724-35,  pp.  120,  121).     These 
lines^  too  have  suffered  in  quotation.      "Quis- 
que  "  in  1.  1  should  be  quceque,  and  "  pomas  " 
should  be  poma;   "  Loeti  "  in  1.  2  should  be 


Iceti;  "  Exportent "  in  1.  4  should  be 
exportant;  and  there  should  be  no  stop 
at  the  end  of  1.  9,  and  no  query  at  the  end 
of  the  extract. 

20.  See  Ovid,  '  Ars  Amoris,'  ii.  317. 

22.  The  reference  to  Quintus  Curtius  is 
V.  4.  9.  The  words  in  Vogel's  text  (1880) 
are  :  "  Regio  non  alia  tota  Asia  salubrior 
habetur  :  temperat  cselum  hinc  perpetuum 
iugum  opacum  et  umbrosum,  quod  sestu 
levat,  illinc  mare  adiunctum,  quod  modico 
tepore  terras  fovet." 

26.  This  sentence  is  not  given  under 
Adspectus  in  Fiigner's  '  Lexicon  Livianum.' 

34.  These  lines  are  not  Seneca's.     They 
occur  in  the  anonymous  tragedy  of  'Octavia,' 
433-5,   and  are  given  thus   in  Peiper  and 
Richter's  edition  (1802)  of  Seneca  :— 
Turpi  libido  venere  dominatur  potens 
Luxuria  victrix  orbis  immensas  opes 
lam  pridem  avaris  manibus,  ut  perdat,  rapit. 

36.  See  Ovid,  '  Met,'  ii.  133  :— 
Hac  sit  iter  :  manifesta  rotse  vestigia  cernes. 

I  regret  that  absence  from  my  own  library 
prevents  me  from  supplying  further  refer- 
ences. EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Haus  Schellenburg,  Marburg. 

I.  Antiperistasis = either    "a  surrounding 
so  as  to  compress"  or  "a  reciprocal  replace- 
ment" of  two  substances.     Antiparastasis= 
"  a  counter-objection"   (a  figure  of  speech). 
These  two  are  Greek  words  for  which  Liddell 
and  Scott's  '  Lexicon '  gives  references. 

4.  There    is    some    error    in    the    text : 
"  solito  "      seems     intended ;       and      "  filii 
Achillis "     (i.e.,     Pyrrhi)     would    be    more 
appropriate  to  the  Pyrrhic  dance. 

5.  Read  "  Ac  turn  "  (two  words). 

7.  Propertius,  iii.  (iv.)  13  (12),  1.  20. 

8.  Delete  the  dash  ;    quicquam  seems  re- 
quired for  quicquid. 

9.  ?  a  distortion  of  Pliny,  *  N.  H.,'  x.  66 
(86)  or  188  :    "  Anguem  ex  medulla  hominis 
spinse  gigni  accipimus  a  multis." 

10.  Plut.,     'Mor.,'    m.p.    174    F.    ('Reg. 
et    Imp.    Apophthegmata ' )  :     "Ateas     the 
Scythian,     hearing    Ismenias    the    Theban 
play   on  the   pipe,    said   that   he   preferred 
to  hear  the  neighing  of  horses."     There  is 
nothing  about  horns  and  trumpets,  and  the 
anecdote  is  quoted  to  illustrate  the  barbaric 
insensibility  of  the  Scythian  to  musical  art. 

II.  Cic.,  'Div.,'  ii.  72,  §  148.     The  right 
reading  is  "  ...  .hominum  generi  pulcritudo 
mundi  ordoque  rerum,"  &c. 

12.  Ov.,  'Hal.,'  117.  The  "  Glaucus " 
is  a  kind  of  fish. 

16.  An  adaptation  of  Virg.,  '  JSn.,'  i.  452  : 
"  hie  primum  ^Eneas. .  . .  Ausus,  et  afflict  is," 
&c. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


271 


20.  Seems  not  correctly  quoted.      "  Cor- 
pora   languor    habet "     is    found    in    Ov., 
t  Trist.,'  iii.  8.  24. 

21.  An  adaptation   (?   read  surely    "  qui 

. .  .  .arentes ")  of  Hor.,  '  Od.,'  iii.  4.  31  : 

*'  tentabo   et  arentes  arenas  litoris  Assyrii 
viator."     (U rentes     is     now     preferred     for 
arentes}. 

22.  Q.   Curtius,   V.   4,    §  9   (read   "  sestus 
ievat  "). 

23.  Cannot  be  right  as  it  stands,  and  the 
Latin  version  is  nonsense.      Try  Aristotle, 
*Hist.  An.'  or  'De  Part.  An.' 

27.  Read  "  ibi  cupiditas." 

31.  A  reminiscence  of  Ov.,  *  Met.,'  i.  5  : 
*'  Ante  mare  et  terras  et  quod  tegit  omnia 
cselum." 

35.  Martial,  iv.  8.  1.  Read  conterit  for 
continet. 

37.  Claudian,  'Bell.  Get.,'  243.  Read 
spectatum  (cometes  is  masc.). 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

1.  The   word   is   perislasis,   which   means 
"  opposition  or  contrast  of  circumstances  "  ; 
"  reaction"  ('N.E.D.'). 

2.  "  Nee  minor  est  virtus,  quam  quserere, 
parta  tueri,"  Ovid,  '  Art.  Am.,'  ii.  13. 

17.  Petrus    Angelius     Bargseus    was    the 
latinized  name  of  Pietro  Angelio  or  Degli 
Angeli,  born  at  Barga,  in  Lucca,  in   1517. 
Besides    the    *  Cynegeticon,'    he    wrote    the 
*  Syrias,'  an  epic  poem  in  Latin,  on  the  same 
subject  as  Tasso's  '  Gerusalemme  Liberata, 
of  which  Petrus  Angelius  was  one  of  the  first 
revisers.     He  must  not  be  confounded  with 
Pietro   Angelo   Manzolli   or  Manzoli,   whose 
latinized  name   was    Palingenius,    and   who 
wrote  the  '  Zodiacus  Vitse.' 

18.  Lines  1  and  6  borrowed  from  Virgil, 
'  A'.'neid,'  viii.  596  and  i.  88. 

33.  Plautus,  '  Cistel,'  I.  i.  45  :— 

Hsec  quidem  ecastor  cottidie  viro  nubit,  nupsitque 

hodie, 
Nubet  mox  noctu. 

R.  A.  POTTS. 

I  think  the  title  of  the  book  and  the  name 
of  the  author,  if  known,  should  have  been 
mentioned.  If  that  had  been  done,  it 
would  very  likely  have  afforded  some  help 
to  those  interested  in  the  literature  of  the 
period  to  which  reference  is  made. 

1.  There  is  no  such  word  as  "  Antiparis- 
tasis."  "  Antiperistasis,  according  to  the 
Peripateticks,  is  a  certain  Invigoration  of 
any  Quality,  by  its  being  environed  and 
kept  in  by  its  contrary  "  (Blount's  '  Glosso- 
graphia,'  1707).  Cowley  uses  the  word  in 
one  of  his  poems.  See  Johnson's  '  Dic- 
tionary,' where  an  excellent  definition  of 


the  term  is  given.  "  Quicklime,"  he  there 
says,  "  is  set  on  fire  by  the  affusion  of  cold 
water. . .  .by  antiperistasis." 

JOHN  T.  CUBBY. 

[MB.  FRANK  W.  HAOQUpiL  also  thanked  for  reply. 
Several  of  the  quotations  were  identified  by  more 
than  one  correspondent.] 


WATEBLOO:  CHABLOTTE  (10S.  x.  190,  232). 
— Some  forty  years  ago  I  was  greatly  puzzled 
by  observing  that  dialect  speakers  at  Sheffield 
always  pronounced  this  name  as  "  Watterlo," 
Long  afterwards  it  occurred  to  me  that  this 
pronunciation  must  be  a  survival  from  the 
time  when  it  was  still  fashionable  to  give 
to  this  foreign  name  its  native  sound.  The 
Belgian  pronunciation  (or  an  approximation 
to  it)  may  have  been  imported  by  soldiers 
who  had  served  in  the  campaign.  In  edu- 
cated speech  it  has  been  superseded  by  the 
natural  English  interpretation  of  the  written 
form  ;  but  I  should  not  be  surprised  to  learn 
that  it  still  survives  widely  among  the  un- 
educated. 

I  have  little  hesitation  in  explaining  in 
the  same  manner  another  apparently  eccen- 
tric pronunciation  which  was  current  in 
Sheffield  about  the  same  time.  Although 
the  Christian  name  Charlotte,  which  was 
fairly  common,  was  ordinarily  pronounced, 
as  now,  in  two  syllables,  old  inhabitants 
nearly  always  spoke  of  "  Charlotte  Street," 
and  were  often  ridiculed  for  doing  so.  It 
would,  I  suppose,  be  impossible  to  obtain 
direct  evidence  that  the  name  of  George  III.'s 
consort  was  in  her  own  time  pronounced  by 
English  people  after  the  German  fashion  ; 
but  it  is  not  unlikely  that  it  may  have  been 
so.  If  not,  it  seems  hard  to  understand 
how  a  common  personal  name  should  have 
had,  as  the  appellation  of  a  street,  a  pro- 
nunciation different  from  that  which  it  had 
in  ordinary  use.  HENBY  BBADLEY. 

Clarendon  Press,  Oxford. 

HOVE  :  ANGLO-SAXON  "  GHOST-WOBDS  " 
(10  S.  ix.  450  ;  x.  14,  111,  156,  216).— I  beg 
leave,  in  the  name  of  scholarship,  to  thank 
MB.  P.  LUCAS  for  the  prompt  and  noble  way 
in  which  he  has  produced  his  evidence  for 
his  statement.  To  MB.  THOMAS  BAYNE  my 
thanks  are  equally  due  for  his  "  authority  " 
for  the  "  A.-S.  stima  "  ;  see  ante,  p.  192. 

It  is  shocking  to  find  that  the  editor  of 
'  The  Encyclopaedic  Dictionary  '  should  have 
succumbed  to  the  temptation  to  invent  a 
bogus  word.  But  it  ought  to  be  notorious 
that  the  writers  of  old  county  histories  can 
never  be  trusted  ;  and  the  extent  of  Hors- 
ficld's  knowledge  of  Anglo-Saxon  can  easily 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 


be  gauged  by  his  boldness  in  citing  such  an 
"  Anglo-Saxon "  form  as  hova,  when  he 
could  easily  have  ascertained  (had  he  ever 
learnt  the  alphabet)  that  the  symbol  v  does 
not  occur  in  Anglo-Saxon  at  all,  and  even 
u  is  rare  as  a  consonant ;  the  symbol  for  v 
was  /  / 

There  is  no  Angle-Saxon  word  of  the  kind 
except  hof,  "  a  house,  hall,  dwelling,  build- 
ing." There  is  no  adjective  of  that  form  ; 
and  the  alleged  sense  of  "  low-lying  "  is  all 
unscrupulous  fiction.  If  Hoving-den  is  real, 
it  is  a  modern  form,  like  Hoving-ham  in 
Yorkshire  ;  and  it  is  impossible  that  such 
forms  could  be  of  adjectival  origin. 

May  we  hope  that,  in  the  future,  words 
will  not  be  cited  as  Anglo-Saxon  on  the 
authority  of  guessing  etymologists  ?  We  cite 
as  "  Latin "  no  words  except  such  as  the 
dictionaries  give  us  ;  and  we  ought  never  to 
believe  in  an  "  Anglo-Saxon  "  form  unless 
it  can  be  found  in  the  dictionaries.  The  dic- 
tionaries are  those  by  Somner  (1659)  :  Lye 
and  Manning  (1772)  ;  Bosworth  (1838)  ; 
Ettmiiller  (1851)  ;  Grein  (1861)  ;  Bosworth 
(compendious  form),  1868:  Leo  (1877); 
Bosworth  and  Toller  (begun  in  1882)  ;  Clark 
Hall  (1894)  ;  Sweet  (1897)  ;  besides  which 
we  have  important  supplemental  glossaries, 
especially  in  Sweet's  '  Old  English  Texts  ' 
(1885),  Wright-Wiilcker's  '  Vocabularies  ' 
(1884),  and  Napier's  'Old  English  Glosses' 
(1900). 

None  of  these  would  employ  such  a  spelling 
as  hov.  Modern  "  authorities "  are  often 
untrustworthy;  but  it  is  difficult  to  find 
words  to  express  the  unscrupulousness  of 
Richard  Verstegan,  who  first  set  the  evil 
example  of  inventing  Anglo-Saxon  forms, 
and  of  attaching  to  them  any  meaning  that 
could  be  employed  most  usefully  at  the 
moment.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

DOLLS  IN  MAGIC  (10  S.  ix.  168;  x.  118, 
195). — MR.  A.  E.  SNODGRASS  refers  to  the 
description  of  witchcraft  in  Longfellow's 
play  '  Giles  Corey  of  the  Salem  Farms.' 

I  have  before  me  a  work  printed  by  Richard 
Cotes  at  the  sign  of  "  The  Bible  "  in  Green 
Arbour,  1651  (now,  I  think,  out  of  print), 
called  '  A  Historicall  Narration  of  the  First 
Fourteen  Years  of-  King  James.'  In  it 
there  is  an  account  of  the  divorce  of  the  Earl 
and  Countess  of  Essex.  Chap.  xii.  tells  how 
"  the  Countesse  combines  with  Mris.  Turner 
to  bewitch  him."  The  Earl 
"  tells  her  of  her  loosenesse,  and  of  the  report  of 
the  vulgar,  and  what  a  strange  course  of  fife  she 
led,  contrary  to  all  piety  and  honesty :  which  stung 
the  Countesse  to  the  heart,  and  more  incensed  her, 
and  augmented  her  malice  towards  him,  so  that  in 


a  great  furie  she  takes  her  coach,  and  repairs  to  her 
ancient  acquaintance  Mris.  Turner,  who  (according 
to  her  old  custome)  is  ready  to  perform  any  evill 
act ;  and  there  they  combine  to  bewitch  the  Earle. 

Pictures  in  wax  are  made,  crosses  and  many 

strange  uncouth  things  (for  what  will  the  devill 
leave  unattempted)  to  accomplish  their  ends ;  many 
attempts  failed,  and  still  the  Earle  stood  it  out : 
At  last  they  framed  a  picture  in  wax,  and  got  a 
thorne  from  a  tree  that  boare  leaves,  and  stuck 

upon the  said  picture,  by  which  means  they 

accomplished  their  desire." 

A.  MASSON. 

Rossetti's  weird  ballad  of  '  Sister  Helen  ' 
deserves  to  be  included,  in  a  list  of  writings 
on  this  subject.     A  powerful  narrative  fol- 
lows the  well-managed  introduction  : — 
"  Why  did  you  melt  your  waxen  man, 

Sister  Helen  ? 

To-day  is  the  third  since  you  began." 
"  The'time  was  long,  but  the  time  ran, 
Little  brother." 
O  Mother,  Mary  Mother, 
Three  days  to-day,  between  Hell  and  Heaven  ! 

W.  B. 

LONGFELLOW'S  *  PSALM  OF  LIFE  '  (10  S.  x» 
209). — The  interpretation  b  is  certainly  the 
correct  one;  that  is  to  say,  it  is  with  the 
second  line  that  the  young  man  finds  fault, 
all  that  follow  being  his  own  remonstrance. 
When  a  man  dreams,  he  "  slumbers,"  and 
this  is  what  the  third  line  declares  to  be 
done  by  only  the  soul  that  is  dead.  "  Things 
are  not  what  they  seem  "  to  such  a  one,  but 
"  Life  is  real."  The  poet  adds,  "  The  grave 
is  not  its  goal,"  and  even  though  "  our  hearts 
are  beating  funeral  marches  "  to  that  very 
grave,  this  is  shown  to  be  no  contradiction,  for 

Dust  thou  art,  to  dust  returnest, 

Was  not  spoken  of  the  soid. 

The  grave,  then,  is  not  the  ultimate  goal, 
but  only  a  "  transition,"  as  Longfellow  says 
in  a  still  more  beautiful  composition. 

ALFRED  WATTS. 

I  cannot  lay  hands  on  my  Longfellow, 
but  if  memory  may  be  trusted,  the  whole 
tenor  of  the  poem  announces  in  no  equivocal 
form  the  immortality  of  the  soul,  and  the 
realities  of  existence  as  disciplinary  processes 
on  our  road  to  the  goal  "  beyond  the  grave." 
"  Life  is  real,"  the  poet  proclaims  with 
orthodox  vigour  :  and  howsoever  we  inter- 
pret the  riddle  of  the  earth,  it  seems  clear 
to  me  that  lines  3  and  4  are  antithetical  to 
lines  1  and  2,  and  were  so  intended  by  the 
poet.  He  starts  off  with  an  antithesis  in  a 
minor  key,  yet  leaves  scope  for  the  grand 
peal — 

Life  is  real,  life  is  earnest, 
And  the  grave  is  not  its  goal. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


"  As   THE  FARMER  SOWS  HIS  SEED  "    (10  S. 

x.  169,  217).— The  play-songs  of  English- 
speaking  children  and  their  counting-out 
rimes  are  to  be  heard  the  world  over.  This 
is  how  the  children  of  our  neighbourhood 
sang  it  a  few  days  since,  so  did  their  mothers 
thirty  years  ago  and  more,  and  the  children's 
children  will  sing  it  in  the  years  to  be.  Here 
the  children  have  three  stanzas  : — 

Oats,  peas,  beans,  and  barley  grows, 
'Tis  you,  nor  I,  nor  nobody  knows ; 
So  open  the  ring,  and  choose  one  in, 
And  kiss  her  when  you  get  her  in. 
Thus  the  farmer  sows  his  seed, 

Thus  he  stands  and  takes  his  ease, 
Thus  he  stands  and  claps  his  hands, 

Then  turns  around  arid  views  the  land. 
Now  you  're  married  you  must  obey, 

You  must  be  true  to  all  you  say, 
You  must  be  kind,  you  must  be  good, 

And  make  your  husband  chop  the  wood. 
As  the  children  sing,  they  take  hold  of 
hands  and  form  the  ring  round  one  of  the 
playmates,  who  chooses  another,  who  also 
enters  the  ring.  They  sing,  they  go  through 
the  motions  of  scattering  the  seed,  they  clap 
their  hands  at  the  proper  time,  and  each 

E layer  turns  around  as  the  words  are  said, 
o  the  play  goes  on  until  each  participant 
has  been  one  of  the  pair  within  the  ring. 

JOHN  E.  NORCROSS. 
Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

It  is  quite  erroneous  to  speak  of  this  game 
as  obsolete.  I  have  seen  it  played  frequently 
at  Sunday-school  treats  and  the  like  in  this 
neighbourhood,  to  the  accompaniment  of 
words  that  do  rime,  the  first  lines  running 
thus  : — 

He,  nor  I,  nor  any  one  knows, 

Where  oats  and  beans  and  barley  grows. 

The  game  is  known  to  the  children  as 
"  Enarina  "  (!),  and  the  first  line  is  habitually 
sung 

Enarina,  any  one  knows. 
I  do  not  think  any  of  them  have  the  least 
idea  of  the  real  meaning.     At  the  lines 

Stamps  his  foot,  and  claps  his  hand, 

And  turns  him  round, 

the  children  stamp,  clap,  and  turn  round  in 
illustration.  CORNELIA. 

Sheffield. 

"CARDINAL"  OF  ST.  PAUL'S  (10  S.  x. 
85,  173,  235).— If  MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  is 
able  to  refer  to  a  book-plate  of  the  author 
of  '  The  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  he  will  find 
thereon  the  Cardinal's  hat  again,  and  this 
time  apart  from  any  emblems  connected 
with  the  legend  of  the  famous  jackdaw. 

R.  J3. 

Upton. 


The  engraved  title-page  of  my  copy  of  'The 
Ingoldsby  Legends  '  (Bentley,  MDCCCLVIII). 
presents  pictorial  promise  of  the  contents 
of  the  book.  The  Jackdaw  of  Rheims,  with 
he  ring  in  his  beak,  surmounts  the  design  ; 
on  either  side  of  him  is  a  censing  angel, 
and  the  one  towards  whom  the  bird's  head 
is  turned  is  occupied  with  what  is  no  doubt 
meant  for  a  Cardinal's  hat,  though  the 
houppes  attached  to  it  mark  it  as  being 
intended  for  nobody  above  the  rank  of  a 
bishop.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

HOLBEACH    CHURCH  :      KNIGHT'S    HEAD 

RESTING  ON  LADY'S  BODY  (10  S.  X.  228). 

A  hospital  was  founded  and  endowed  at 
Holbeach  by  Sir  John  de  Kirton,  Kt.,  about 
1351.  The  church  (All  Saints')  also  contains, 
I  believe,  a  brass  of  a  man  in  armour,  and 
monuments  of  the  Irby  and  Littlebury 
families,  formerly  resident  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. Possibly  information  as  to  the  attitude 
of  the  figures  represented  will  be  found  in 
'  Notes  on  Holbeach  Church,'  by  Henry 
Peet,  a  pamphlet  of  24  pp.,  with  five  auto- 
type plates,  ground  plan,  and  other  illustra- 
tions, published  in  1891. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

ANATOLE  FRANCE  :  '  THE  GARDEN  OF 
EPICURUS'  (10  S.  x.  188). — It  is  possible 
that  Anatole  France  was  alluding  to  the 
epitaph  familiarized  by  George  Mac  Donald 
in  '  David  Elginbrod,'  chap.  xiii.  : — 

Here  lie  I,  Martin  Elginbrodde : 
Hae  mercy  o'  my  soul,  Lord  God  ; 
As  I  wad  do,  were  I  Lord  God, 
And  ye  were  Martin  Elginbrodde. 

W.  B. 

Westminster. 

"  PLUS  JE  CONNAIS   LES  HOMMES,"  &C.  (10 

S.  x.  188).— Comte  Alfred  D'Orsay  added  as- 
a  P.S.  to  a  letter  which  he  wrote  from  Paris- 
to  John  Forster  in  1850  the  following  : — 

"  Une  autre  fois  je  vous  parlerai  politique,  c'est 
trop  d^goutant  pour  le  moment.  Lamartine  me 
disait  hier,  '  Plus  je  vois  des  representants  du  peupler 
plus  j'aime  mes  chiens.'" 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 
Swallowfield  Park,  Reading. 

TAINE  :  "  TENIR  UNE  QUEUE  DE  VACHE 
1  LA  MAIN"  (10  S.  x.  188). — Taine,  of  course, 
refers  to  the  Hindu  belief  that  the  souls  of 
the  dead  are  helped  across  the  dread  Vai- 
tarani,  the  river  of  death,  by  holding  on  to  a 
cow's  tail.  The  idea  is  common  among 
Hindus.  I  have  myself  seen  a  criminal  led 
out  to  execution  calmed  by  being  allowed 
to  touch  a  cow's  tail  before  the  hangman 
performed  his  duty.  Ward  justly  suggests 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  iwe. 


that  the  idea  is  based  on  the  habit  of  herdmen 
hanging  on  to  the  tails  of  their  buffaloes 
when  crossing  a  deep  stream.  Taine  got 
the  story  from  some  early  traveller  to  the 
west  coast.  Ovington  in  his  '  Voyage  to 
&uratt,'  published  in  1696,  referring  to  the 
-cow,  writes  : — 

"  They  admire  it  for  the  Excellence  ot  its  Nature, 
for  which  it  is  conspicuous  in  those  extraordinary 
Benefits  which  Mankind  receive  from  it  in  the 
support  of  their  Lives  ;  and  for  the  Convenience  of 
it  after  Death,  in  conducting  them  over  a  broad 
deep  River,  which  they  are  ingaged  to  pass,  which 
would  be  impassable,  were  it  not  for  the  Cow's  Tail, 
which  the  Bramins  tell  them,  they  are  to  take  hold 
•of  in  getting  over." — P.  284  f. 

W.  CROOKE. 

SALFORD  :  SALTERSFORD  :  SALTERSGATE 
<10  S.  x.  222,  256).— About  two  miles  south 
of  Yarm,  in  the  North  Riding  of  the  county 
of  York,  is  a  modern  house  called  Saltergill, 
built  on  the  site  of  an  old  farm-house,  I 
believe.  Immediately  in  front,  at  the 
bottom  of  a  slight  valley,  runs  a  very  small 
stream,  but  there  are  not  many  willows 
there  nowadays.  JOHN  A.  GREENWOOD. 

Many  of  the  places  mentioned  by  MR. 
HENRY  TAYLOR,  though  not  all,  are  situated 
on  the  seashore.  The  village  of  Seasalter 
in  Kent  is  close  to  the  shore,  and  noted  for 
.an  oyster  bed. 

There  is  the  following  notice  of  Saltersford 
<a  place  which  is  certainly  inland,  and  gives 
the  title  of  baron  in  the  peerage  of  the 
United  Kingdom  to  the  Earl  of  Courtown) 
in  '  The  Ancient  Parish  of  Presbury,'  by 
Frank  Renaud,  M.D.,  1876  :— 

"  Saltersford,  or  Jenkin's  Chapel. — This  is  a 
;small  and  plain  chapel,  furnished  with  a  diminutive 
west  tower,  and  dedicated  to  St.  John  the  Baptist. 
Two  inscribed  stones  let  into  the  west  wall  give 
the  history  of  the  foundation  :  '  St.  John  Bapfc  Free 
•Chapel  was  erected  June  24,  1733,  at  John  Slack's 
•expense.  In  39  made  Sacred  for  Worship  of 
Almighty  God.' " 

We  are  not  told  who  Jenkin,  the  original 
founder,  was.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

DEATH  AFTER  LYING  (10  S.  x.  109,  157, 
195). — In  '  Highways  and  Byways  in  Hamp- 
shire '  one  finds  on  p.  371  that  the  burial 
register  of  Meonstoke  records  that  on  10  Dec., 
1778,  Elizabeth  Earwaker  was  buried,  and 
that  beneath  is  the  note  :  ';  Fell  dead  on 
-appealing  to  God  in  confirmation  of  a  lie." 

H.  P.  L. 

TOLLGATE  HOUSES  (10  S.  *  x.  188).— If 
TURNPIKE  will  refer  to  any  of  the  later 
editions  of  Paterson's  '  Roads,'  he  will  find 


the  position  of  the  tollgates  marked  in  each 
itinerary  by  a  miniature  drawing  of  a  gate. 
In  the  introductory  pages  of  the  eighteenth 
edition  of  Paterson's  book  (issued  in  1826) 
the  writer  says  : — 

"  The  turnpike  gates  and  bridges,  objects  in  them- 
selves imposing  on  every  road,  are  here  given  in  a 
form  calculated  to  impress  upon  the  traveller  a 
more  correct  idea  of  his  relative  situation,"  &c. 
And  again  on  p.  82  of  the  introductory 
matter,  in  explaining  by  a  note  the  figure 
of  the  gate  which  is  used  throughout  the 
book,  the  writer  says  : — 

"This  character  [viz.,  the  drawing  of  a  gate] 
implies  that  at  such  a  point  you  arrive  at  a  Turn- 
pike, which  word  is  not  unfrequently  attached  to 
it ;  but  in  many  instances,  where  contraction  has 
been  found  necessary,  the  letters  T.  G.  are  used, 
instead  of  the  word,  in  conjunction  with  the 
character." 

It  should  be  remembered  that  the  later 
editions  of  Paterson's  '  Roads  '  are  the  only 
ones  of  value.  Those  "  revised  by  Edward 
Mogg  "  are  the  best.  A.  L.  HUMPHREYS. 

187,  Piccadilly,  W. 

The  place,  if  not  the  exact  spot,  at  which 
a  turnpike  gate  stood  on  the  roads  measured 
from  London  Bridge,  from  Westminster 
Bridge,  Hyde  Park  Corner,  Tyburn  Turnpike, 
Hicks' s  Hall,  Shoreditch  Church,  and  White- 
chapel  Church  is  given  in  Gary's  *  New 
Itinerary,  from  Surveys  made  by  Command 
of  the  Right  Honourable  the  Postmaster- 
General,'  a  directory  which  occupies  the 
middle  portion  of  Gary's  '  Book  of  Roads.' 
See  also  the  Coloured  Plan  of  the  Highway 
from  Hyde  Park  Corner  to  Counter's  Bridge 
(Addison  Road),  made  for  the  Kensington 
Turnpike  Trustees  by  their  Surveyor,  Joseph 
Salway,  1811,  with  a  valuable  description 
by  Col.  W.  F.  Prideaux,  1899-1903. 

Possibly  information  will  also  be  found 
in  Wellbeloved  '  On  Highways  '  ;  in  Burn's 
'  Justice  of  the  Peace,'  by  D'Oyley  and 
Williams,  art.  *  Highways  (Turnpike)  ';  and 
in  '  Toll  Reform,'  by  J.  E.  Bradfield.  Local 
histories  also  furnish  information. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

Deene,  Streatham. 

FRENCH  WORDS  IN  SCOTCH  (10  S.  ix.  369, 
450  ;  x.  132). — MR.  ERASER  of  Aberdeen, 
in  noticing  French  words  in  Scotch  place- 
names,  quotes  "  Cunninghar  Hill  "  as  from 
the  old  French  coniniere,  a  rabbit  warren. 
He  adds,  however,  that  "  it  may  have  come 
to  us  only  indirectly  from  the  French." 
This  saving  clause  is  important.  There  is 
no  shadow  of  doubt  that  the  derivation  of 
"Cunninghar"  is  most  decidedly  Gaelic 
— not  French.  In  Ireland  we  have  several 


io  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


place-names  known  as  "  Cunnigar,"  all 
'derived  from  the  Irish  coinegear,  which 
means  a  rabbit  warren.  All  Munster  men 
.are  conversant  with  the  famous  Cunnigar  at 
Dungarvan,  co.  Waterford. 

I  may  add  that  there  are  a  number  of 
French   words   adopted   by   Irish   speakers, 
.and  incorporated  into  the  living  language. 
W.  H.  GRATTAN  FLOOD. 

Enniscorthy. 

LOTEN'S  MUSEUM  (10  S.  x.  126).— Since  I 
wrote  my  note  on  this  subject,  I  find  that 
Lo ten's  Museum  has  been  removed  to  its 
old  home  at  Easington,  Holderness,  East 
Yorkshire.  The  purchaser,  Mr.  Charlton 
of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  is  related  to  the 
present  curator,  Mrs.  Bingham. 

It  will  not  be  without  interest  to  reproduce 
one  of  the  handbills  circulated  when  the 
museum  was  in  Hull : — 

Do  not  fail  to  see 
Loten's  Unique 

Exhibition 
now  on  view  at 
3,  Albion  Street 

Hull. 
The  Only  Exhibition  of  its 

kind  in  the  World. 
Works  of  art  made  from 
Fish  Bones,  Postage  Stamps, 

Finger  Nail  Clippings, 
Onion  Peels,  Straw,  &c.,  &c. 
Open  Daily  from  10  A.M.  to  9  P.M. 

Admission — 
10  A.M.  to  7  P.M.,  Sixpence ; 

7  to  9  P.M.,  Threepence. 
Saturday,  all  day  Threepence. 

The  late  Mr.  Loten  was  a  keen  student 
-of  ornithology,  and  frequently  rare  birdfi 
were  sent  to  him  by  curators  of  public 
museums  and  others  for  identification.  He 
had  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most 
skilful  taxidermists  in  this  country,  and  did 
-excellent  work  for  the  Natural  History 
Museum  at  Edinburgh  and  other  important 
museums.  WILLIAM  ANDREW. 

Royal  Institution,  Hull. 

NAPOLEON'S  CARRIAGE  (10  S.  vii.  170, 
236,  313,  357,  393,  434  ;  viii.  135,  217,  373). 
— In  The  Dover  Express  of  11  September 
there  are  some  extracts  from  a  diary  kept 
by  Thomas  Pattenden.  After  an  account 
-of  the  return  of  troops  to  the  close  of  1818, 
when  the  last  of  the  British  army  of  occupa- 
tion quitted  French  soil,  occurs  the  following  : 

"Long  before  that,  Bonaparte  had  been  sent  to 
his  final  exile  at  St.  Helena,  and  the  carriage  and 
horses  which  he  used  at  the  last  great  battle  had 
been  sent  to  London  as  a  curiosity,  concerning 
-which  Pattenden  wrote  under  date  October  13th, 
1815 :  '  This  morning  a  Prussian  officer  came  here 
(from  Calais,  bringing  with  him  the  carriage  in 


which  Bonaparte  rode  to  the  battle  of  Waterloo, 
which  the  same  officer  had  taken,  together  with 
four  bay  horses.  The  carriage,  which  was  kept 
shut  up,  and  seen  by  few  persons,  was  sent  to 
London.5 " 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 
Sandgate.  * 

'CHILDE  HAROLD'  (10  S.  viii.  430,  495; 
ix.  10). — A  perusal  of  the  correspondence 
of  Lord  Stanhope,  Dr.  Ingleby,  Mr.  F.  T. 
Palgrave,  Prof.  Beesly,  Mr.  Thos.  Kerslake, 
and  Mr.  Frederic  Harrison  in  The  Times  of 
January,  1873,  will,  I  think,  tend  to  confirm 
the  opinion  of  DR.  KRTJEGER  that  the  con- 
struction of  this  stanza  is  involved,  the 
imagery  inapt,  and  the  sense  obscure ; 
though  it  is  quite  true,  as  MR.  JOHN  MURRAY 
observes,  that  its  meaning  is  intelligible. 
Even  Byron  himself  wrote,  "  I  confess  I 
thought  it  had  been  better,"  when  taxed 
about  some  of  his  phrasing.  Mr.  Frederic 
Harrison,  indeed,  went  the  length  of  saying  : 
"  Byron's  warmest  admirers  admit  that  he  is 
a  constant  sinner  against  grammar,  taste, 
and  music  "  ;  and  another  writer  drew  atten- 
tion to  an  old  grievance  in  stanza  180,  the 
ungrammatical  use  of  "  lay  "  for  lie. 

The  truth  seems  to  be  that  though  the 
conception  of  '  Childe  Harold '  is  grand 
and  the  interest  well  sustained,  the  poet 
had  not  yet  attained  to  that  marvellous 
facility  of  versification  which  atones  for  so 
much  that  is  debased  and  questionable  in 
'  Don  Juan.'  In  the  present  instance  it  is 
open  to  question  whether  Assyria  should  be 
classed  along  with  Greece,  Rome,  and 
Carthage  as  a  maritime  Power  ;  and  it  is 
possible  that  Byron's  notoriously  bad  hand- 
writing is  answerable  for  the  technical  faults 
complained  of .  N.  W.  HILL. 

[MR.  JOHN  MURRAY'S  reply  at  the  last  reference 
discourages  the  idea  of  an  emendation,  for  he  says 
that  "  the  MS.  leaves  no  room  for  doubt."] 

RUSHLIGHTS  (10  S.  x.  27,  76,  93,  135,  154). 
— I  well  remember  my  grandfather,  who 
died  in  1860,  using  rushlights  when  reading 
in  the  days  when  country  houses  were  not 
extravagantly  lighted  in  the  evenings.  He 
held  the  light  close  to  the  print,  with  a  small 
fold  of  paper  around  it  to  protect  his  fingers 
from  the  grease.  These  rushlights  were  made 
from  well-grown  rushes  with  plenty  of  pith. 
The  extremities  were  cut  off,  and  the  rushes 
soaked  in  water  to  loosen  the  outer  covering, 
which  was  then  all  removed  but  a  narrow 
strip.  This  peeling  was  a  critical  operation, 
and  required  care  and  skill,  or  many  rushes 
were  ruined.  The  peeled  rushes  were  put 
away  in  a  dry  place,  tied  in  bundles,  and  when 
required,  a  bundle  was  taken  out  and  soaked 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[10  S.  X.  OCT.  3,  1908. 


in  i'at.  If  I  remember  aright,  they  were 
kept  in  a  flat  wooden  box  without  ends, 
as  they  were  very  easily  broken  ;  and  in 
earlier  days,  when  they  were  in  general 
request,  the  candle-holder  was  used,  of  which 
there  are  various  types. 

There  seems  to  be  some  confusion  between 
rushlights  and  rush  candles.  The  latter  were 
to  be  bought  up  to  the  seventies,  and  pro- 
bably are  still,  as  they  give  a  quiet  light, 
requiring  no  attention,  and  were  much  used 
in  sickrooms.  M.  N. 

Westmorland. 

In  '  The  Pickwick  Papers,'  in  the  account 
of  the  bedroom  at  "  The  Great  White  Horse  " 
at  Ipswich,  Dickens  has  described  one  of 
the  perforated  iron  shades  for  burning 
rushlights,  and  Phiz  has  depicted  it.  These 
articles  are  by  no  means  uncommon. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

[M.  N.'s  closing  words  well  describe  the  tiny 
round  boxes  which  are  generally  known  as  "night- 
lights."] 

SPANISH  WORKS  IN  BORROW  (10  S.  x.  150). 
— Del  Rio's  book  on  magic  has  been  re- 
printed many  times.  M.  Alphonse  Le  Roy 
in  his  article  on  Martin  Antoine  Del  Rio 
in  the  fifth  volume  of  the  '  Biographie 
Nationale,'  published  by  the  Academie 
Royale  de  Belgique,  enumerates  the  follow- 
ing editions  of  the  '  Disquisitionum  Magi- 
carum  Libri  VI.  '  :  Mainz,  1593,  fol.  (editio 
princeps)  ;  Louvain,  1599,  4to  ;  Mainz, 
1600,  2  vols.,  8vo  ;  Louvain,  1601,  4to 
Mainz,  1603,  fol.  (corrected  and  enlarged), 
and  1606,  3  vols.,  8vo  (with  fresh  correc- 
tions and  additions)  ;  Lyons,  1608  and  1612, 
fol.  ;  Liege,  Louvain,  and  Mainz,  1624,  4to 
Cologne,  1633,  4to  ;  Venice,  1640,  4to 
Cologne,  1659,  4to,  and  1679,  4to  ;  Venice, 
1747,  4to. 

A  French  resume  was  published  at  Paris 
in  1611  by  Andre  Duchesne,  S.J. 

There  are  frequent  references  to  the 
'  Disquisitiones  '  in  Burton's  '  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy.'  A  copy  of  one  of  the  later 
quarto  editions  ought  to  be  procurable  for 
a  few  shillings.  I  cannot  now  remember 
where  my  own  came  from.  It  was  probably 
bought  from  the  catalogue  of  some  German 
second-hand  bookseller. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Haus  Schellenberg,  Marburg. 

"  T'  WIFE  BAZAAR  "  (10  S.  ix.  207,  416  ; 
x.  118,  237). — No  man  doubts  that  wives 
have  been  put  up  for  auction  in  Christian 
England,  and  it  is  useful  to  have  the  records 
of  the  practice  furnished  by  your  corre- 
spondents ;  but,  as  the  introducer  of  the 


subject  of  the  "  Bazaar,"  may  I  be  allowed 
to  point  out  that  so  far  nobody  has  told  u* 
anything  about  the  contract  drawn  up  and 
signed  by  the  couples  who  are  rearranging 
matters,  or  has  said  whether  the  West 
Riding  miners  still  "  sworp  wives  month  o' 
May,"  as  in  Lady  Catherine  Milnes  Gaskell's- 
story  ? 

I  dare  say  MR.  HARRY  HEMS  (10  S.  ix.  416) 
has  ere  now  observed  that  it  was  the  use  of 
childers,  and  not  of  childer,  that  startled  me. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

EPITAPH  IN  OWEN  MSS.  (10  S.  x.  210).— 
Probably  the  inscription  was  meant  to  consist 
of  two  Latin  hexameters.  I  am  afraid  they 
are  of  a  very  poor,  not  to  say  of  a  dog-Latin, 
type.  I  read  it  thus  : — 

MORS  HOMINEM  MISERVM  VOCAT  ETAS  ANGELV(M) 
AVTEM. 

C(O)RDE  SENEX  SOPHIA(E)  sis  I(V)NCTVS.  VISERIS 

ILLVM. 

The  use  of  angelum,  with  unelided  mf  seems- 
required  by  the  grammar.  As  to  corde,  I 
suppose  that  c  has  been  read  as  o,  and  that 
o  filled  the  blank  space.  We  further  require- 
an  e  and  a  v  (for  u).  Even  thus,  I  hesitate 
to  say  that  it  makes  much  sense.  But  I 
translate  it,  tentatively,  thus  : — 

"  Death  calls  man  a  wretch,  but  life  (i.e.  etas  for 
"ita)  calls  him  an  angel.     O  man  old  in  heart,  be- 
joined  to  wisdom,  (and)  you  shall  see  him." 
I.e.,  you   will    see   him   in   heaven,    if   you* 
retain  your  wisdom. 

No  doubt  the  epitaph  was  first  thought 
out  in  English,  and  then  turned  into  Latin 
with  indifferent  success  ;  and  I  fear  it  is  worth- 
less, though  certainly,  like  a  fly  in  amber, 
it  is  curious.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


I  venture  to  suggest  that  the  inscription 
given  by  your  correspondent  should  be  readi 
somewhat  as  follows  : — 

MORS  HOMINEM  PVERVM  VOCAT  JETAS  ANGEL VS  AVTEMi 
COELESTEM  HVNC  SOPHIA  SI  CINCTVS  VISERIS  ILLVM. 

Or,  in  place  of  CINCTVS,  DVCTVS. 
This  may  be  turned  in  English  : — 
Death  beckoned  to  the  mould  of  earth, 

Life  to  the  boy, 
An  angel  called  the  heavenly  birth 

Back  to  its  joy. 
To  Wisdom's  vision  clear 
So  'twill  appear. 

G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 
Sheffield. 

QUEEN  ELIZABETH'S  HOUSEHOLD  AND- 
PRIVY  COUNCIL  (10  S.  x.  147). — I  do  not 
known  of  any  printed  list  of  names  of  the 
officers  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Household,  but 
no  doubt  the  names  could  be  obtained  by 
examining  the  "  Wardrobe  and  Household 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  im]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


Accounts  "  to  be  found  in  the  Public  Record 
Office.  Under  this  heading  in  Mr.  Scargill- 
Bird's  '  Guide  to  the  Public  Records,' 
pp.  246-9  (Wyman  &  Sons,  price  7s.),  are 
«et  forth  the  various  Account  Books,  Rolls, 
&c.,  now  remaining  in  the  Exchequer  and 
Chancery  records.  The  dates  of  appointment 
of  these  officers  would  probably  be  found  in 
the  records  known  as  Signet  Office  Bills  or 
Warrants. 

The  names  of  members  of  the  Privy  Council 
•could,  no  doubt,  be  obtained  by  search 
Among  the  documents  relating  to  the  Privy 
Council  Office,  also  kept  at  the  P.R.O. 

If  F.  B.  would  go  to  the  P.R.O.  and  state 
his  wants  to  any  of  the  courteous  officers 
of  that  institution,  I  am  sure  he  would  be 
put  on  the  proper  track  to  obtain  the  desired 
information. 

I  should  like  to  supplement  my  remarks 
by  saying  that  there  are  many  manuscript 
lists  of  officers  in  the  Household  and  Privy 
Council  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  British 
Museum.  A  list  is  given  in  Sims'  s  'Manual 
for  the  Genealogist,'  pp.  329-30.  If  F.  B. 
has  not  access  to  this  work,  which  is  now 
out  of  print,  I  can  supply  him  with  the 
references.  E.  A.  FRY. 

124,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

DUNBAR  AND   HENRYSON  (10  S.  X.   226).  - 

There  is  nothing  new  in  Mr.  Quiller-Couch's 
version  of  Dunbar's  reference  to  Henryson 
in  the  *  Lament  for  the  Deth  of  the  Makkaris.' 
It  is  the  reading  in  Ramsay's  '  Evergreen  ' 
Lord  Hailes's  '  Ancient  Scottish  Poems,' 


•each  of  which  in  its  own  way  represents 
Bannatyne's  MS.  of  1568.  It  is  the  more 
intelligible  of  the  rival  forms  of  the  allusion, 
ior  which  reason  probably  it  was  preferred 
by  the  late  Prof.  Nichol  when  he  made  his 
•extracts  from  Dunbar  for  Mr.  Ward's  'English 
Poets,'  just  as  it  has  once  more  been  selected 
by  Mr.  Quiller-Couch  for  use  in  his  popular 
volume.  Dr.  Laing,  presumably  editing 
from  the  version  printed  by  Chepman  anc 
My  liar  in  1508,  has  the  reading  :  — 

In  Dunfermline  he  has  done  roune 
Good  Maister  Robert  Henry  soun, 

the  explanation  of  which  has  puzzled  com- 
mentators, although  it  is  usually  taken  to 
denote  that  Death  has  whispered  to  the 
poet  and  called  him  away.  With  this 
•sense  compare  the  familiar  expression  "  to 
round  one  in  the  ear."  The  more  popular 
text, 

In  Dunfermline  he  has  tane  Broun 
With  Maister  Robert  Henrysoun, 

is  open,  as  has  been  said,  to  the  objection 
that  there  is  no  local  record  of  a  poet  namec 


3rown.  Still,  he  may  have  lived  and  been 
mown  to  Dunbar,  passing  afterwards  into 
oblivion  like  others  mentioned  in  the 
Lament.'  But  for  Dunbar's  tribute  nothing 
would  be  known  of  the  poetical  merits  of 
Heryot,  Sir  Mungo  Lockhart  of  the  Lee, 
and  "  gentle  Stobo."  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CHRYSTAL  MAGNA  :  MAYLOR  GRANGE  (10 
S.  x.  89). — Maylor  Hundred  =  a  detached  part 
of  S.E.  Flint,  called  Maeler  Saesnag,  contain- 
ing the  parishes  of  Hanmer,  Hope,  Overton, 
and  Worthenbury,  and  parts  of  Bangor, 
Doddleston,  Ellesmere,  Erbistock,  Llanar- 
mon,  Malpas,  Threapwood,  and  Wrexham 
(Sharpe's  '  British  Gazetteer,'  1852). 

Christleton,  a  parish  in  the  Hundred  of 
Lower  Broxton,  N.W.  Cheshire,  ibid. 

Delamere  Forest  is  in  Mid-Cheshire. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

"  CADEY  "  (10  S.  x.  147,  198).— I  recollect 
the  slang  word  "  cadey  "  well  in  the  years 
1880—85.  Possibly  the  word  may  be  derived 
from  cadow=a,  covering,  cloak,  or  quilt. 
I  think  that  I  may  have  heard  it  sung 
in  1885,  in  the  song  quoted  by  MR.  PAGE. 
It  ended  with 

Between  you  and  me, 
I  think  you  '11  agree 
By  Jove  I  look  up  to  dick, 

the  last   line  riming  with   the   second  line 
quoted  in  the  query — 

And  a  penny  I  gave  for  my  stick. 
It  was  certainly  sung  in  Ireland  before  1887, 
but  it  had  been  previously  popular  in  Eng- 
land. W.  H.  GRATTAN  FLOOD. 
Enniscorthy. 

CONSTABLES  AND  LIEUTENANTS  OF  THE 
TOWER  OF  LONDON  (10  S.  ix.  61,  161,  243, 
390,  490;  x.  70,  118,  213).— "  Synnerton  " 
for  Swynnerton  is  purely  a  mistake  made 
in  a  type-written  transcript  of  my  MS.,  and 
overlooked  by  me  in  proof. 

W.  L.  RUTTON. 

ALPHONSO  :  HAAKON  (10  S.  vi.  25  ;  x. 
234). — I  am  obliged  to  MR.  ALEX.  RUSSELL 
for  correcting  my  statement  that  the  name 
of  Hakon  seems  to  have  been  kept  up  in  the 
Orkney  and  Shetland  Isles  from  the  time 
of  the  Saint-Earl  Magnus's  half-brother  who 
bore  it.  I  wrote  from  memory,  but  I  fancy 
it  was  from  some  foot-note  in  one  of  the 
editions  of  the  '  Heimskringla.' 

Miss  Yonge  ('  Christian  Names,'  ii.  320) 
wrote,  "  Hacon  still  lingers  among  the 
fishermen  of  the  Orkneys."  There  is  the 
Scotch  surname  of  "  Aiken." 

A.  S.  ELLIS. 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        po  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  im 


KINCSLEY'S  '  LORRAINE,  LORRAINE,  LOR- 
REE  '  (10  S.  x.  210).— The  idea  of  this  poem 
was  probably  Kingsley  s  own.  His  widow, 
in  her  biography  of  him,  entitled  '  Charles 
Kingsley :  his  Letters  and  Memories  of 
his  Life,'  states  that  it  was  written  in 
Colorado  ;  apparently  this  was  during  his 
convalescence  after  a  severe  illness.  She 
gives  no  hint  as  to  its  origin.  She,  however, 
prints  the  lines  on  pp.  444-5  of  the  second 
volume  of  her  work,  and  adds  the  subjoined 
foot-note  concerning  the  refrain  : — 

"The  meaning  of  this  strange  refrain  is  not 
known.  Some  were  doubtful  whether,  as  no  ex- 
planation was  given  by  Mr.  Kingsley,  it  would  not 
be  better  to  omit  it ;  out  Mr.  Froude  who  thought 
this  poem  one  of  the  finest  of  his  ballads,  on  being 
consulted,  wrote  :  '  1  am  in  favour  of  keeping  the 
refrain.  The  music  of  the  song  will  be  incomplete 
without  it  ;  and  as  the  words  went  humming 
through  his  head,  the  refrain  went  along  with  them. 
It  presses  like  an  inexorable  destiny,  and  makes 
you  feel  the  iron  force  with  which  poor  Lorraine 
was  swept  to  her  fate." 

Despite  the  negative  opinion  thus  expressed, 
one  could  almost  fancy  that  the  rush  of 
a  horse's  gallop  is  imitated  in  the  words. 

The  title  is,  of  course,  the  heroine's  name, 
twice  repeated,  "  Lorree  "  being  a  variation 
upon  the  name  for  metrical  effects. 

W.  B. 

"  Barum,  Barum,  Baree,"  has  always  been 
a  difficulty  ;  but  the  most  probable  sugges- 
tion is  that  Kingsley  meant  it  for  the  playing 
of  the  band  of  the  circus  to  which  poor  Lor- 
raine belonged.  SENEX. 

CAMPBELL  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  THE  NAME 
(10  S.  x.  228). — It  is  likely  that  the  poet  and 
his  educated  friends  would  pronounce  the 
name  Cam-bell.  Camel  is  the  provincial 
variation  in  the  Scottish  Lowlands.  Referring 
to  C alburn's  Magazine  in  the  '  Noctes 
Ambrosianae '  of  November,  1826,  North 
delivers  himself  as  follows  : — 

"The  very  name  of  Campbell  sheds  a  lambent 
lustre  over  its  occasional  dulness  ;  and  a  single 
scrap  of  one  of  his  Lectures  on  Poetry — such  is  my 
admiration  of  his  delightful  genius — redeems  the 
character  of  a  whole  Number.  Campbell  is  a  fine 
critic,  at  once  poetical  and  philosophical,  full  of 
feeling  as  of  thought.  The  Prefaces  to  his  Speci- 
mens—are they  not  exquisite?  The  Smiths  are 
clever  men — but  why  is-  not  Hazlitt  kicked  out  of 
the  concern  ?  " 

To  the  closing  question  the  Ettrick  Shepherd 
is  made  characteristically  to  reply,  "  'Cause 
Cammel  kens  he  's  hungry." 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

As  a  boy  I  knew  the  poet  Campbell  very 
well.  I  used  to  meet  him  at  the  home  of 
my  maternal  aunts  at  Sydenham,  in  London, 


and  at  St.  Leonards.  I  cannot  remember 
hearing  him  pronounce  his  name,  but  we- 
all  spoke  of  or  to  him  as  Camel. 

GEORGE  H.  COURTENAY. 
Southtown  House,  Kenton,  near  Exeter. 

The  contemporaries  of  the  poet  Campbell 
pronounced   his    name    as   we    do ;     and    I 
suppose  that  he  himself  did  the  same  : — 
Sir  Walter  reigned  before  me  ;  Moore  and  Campbell 

Before  and  after  ;  but  now,  grown  more  holy, 
The  Muses  upon  Sion's  hill  must  ramble 

With  poets  almost  clergymen  or  wholly. 

Byron,  '  Don  Juan,'  canto  xi.  stanza  57- 

Dr.  Johnson  gives  a  different  pronuncia 
tion  of  the  name  : — 


"I  used  to  go  pretty  often  to  Campbell's  on  a 
Sunday  evening,  till  I  began  to  consider  that  the 
shoals  of  Scotchmen  about  him  might  probably  say, 
when  anything  of  mine  was  well  done,  '  Ay,  ay,  he 
has  learnt  this  of  Cawmell ! ' " 

E.  YARDLEY. 


JMisrdlanmts. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Thomas  Ken  and  Izaak  Walton :  a  Sketch  of  their 
Lives  and  Family  Connexion.  By  E.  Marston. 
(Longmans  &  Co.) 

THE  venerable  "  Amateur  Angler  "  still  exercises- 
his  pen  on  the  subject  wherein  he  has  made  a 
pleasant  corner  for  himself  arid  his  readers.  That 
his  sketches  contain  much  of  novelty  cannot  be  said, 
but  he  has  brought  together  a  good  many  details  of 
interest  concerning  Walton,  whose  life  and  works 
are  alike  attractive  to  a  large  circle,  both  of  anglers 
and  men  of  letters.  Much  has  been  discovered  by 
patient  research,  but  there  are  yet  gaps  to  be  filled 
in  the  life  of  Walton.  A  facsimile  is  given  of 
Walton's  original  draft  of  his  epitaph  for  his  second 
wife  in  Worcester  Cathedral.  The  curious  "  ex 
terris  "^in  the  actual  inscription  has  been  recently 
the  subject  of  a  query  in  our  columns,  and  there  is- 
also  "an  illegible  line"  in  Walton's  draft  which 
might,  perhaps,  be  read  after  careful  study  of  his 
difficult  handwriting.  The  second  "And "in  the 
draft  was  not  finally  used,  and  seems  to  have  been 
run  through  with  a  pen  by  Walton.  He  himself 
spells  "  remarkable  "  as  we  do  nowadays,  but  the 
epitaph  adds  another  " e "  to  the  word.  In  "a 
woman of  [the]  primitive  piety,"  the  word  in 


apparently  scratched  by 
Walton  at  the  age  of  sixty-five  on  the  monument  of 
Isaac  Casaubon,  is  one  of  the  oddest  memorials  of 
the  "  Complete  Angler  "  that  has  been  discovered. 
The  authenticity  of  this  memorial  seems,  however,. 
t9  have  been  taken  for  granted  rather  easily.  For 
giddy  youth  such  scratchings  are  natural,  but 
would  the  reverent  recorder  of  saintly  lives  indulge 
in  such  pastimes  on  the  tomb  of  his  'father's  friend 
after  sixty?  Until  we  have  more  evidence,  we  are 
inclined  with  regret  to  leave  I.  W.  with  the  W.  H. 
of  the  Sonnet  in  the  limbo  of  doubtful  identities. 
It  is  noted  that "  the  hundredth  edition  of  Walton's 
*  Angler '  was  written  [edited  ?]  two  hundred  years 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  3, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279" 


after  his  death  by  one  of  his  most  ardent  disciples, 
and  published  within  two  hundred  yards  ot  the 
very  spot  whence  issued  his  own  modest  little 
volume  in  the  year  1653."  The  editor  was  Mr. 
R.  B.  Marston,  and  pretty  vignettes  from  the  issue 
aforesaid,  the  "Lea  and  Dove  Edition,"  are  repro- 
duced in  the  present  book.  It  is  a  case,  of  course, 
of  a  son  following  his  father  in  Waltonian  pursuits, 
though  the  relationship  is  nowhere,  we  believe, 
indicated  in  the  pages  before  us.  Mr.  E.  Marston 
can  boast  of  several  parallels  between  his  life  and 
Walton's  : — 

"Izaak  Walton  was  born  in  the  country;  so  was 
I.  Izaak  Walton  dwelt  in  the  purlieus  of  St. 
Dunstan's,  Fleet  Street,  for  more  than  fifty  years ; 
so  have  I.  He  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Dunstan's 
for  many  years  ;  so  was  I." 

Cheery  humour,  an  excellent  gift  for  fishing,  and 
prolonged  literary  activity  are  further  links  be- 
tween the  "Amateur  Angler  "  and  Walton. 

There  is  a  shadowy  suggestion  that  Walton  was 
at  Westminster  School  before  he  was  apprenticed. 
There  are  also  several  references  to  *  N.  &  Q.,'  one 
as  far  back  as  1856.  On  15  Nov.,  1873,  Mr.  H. 
Hucks  Gibbs  (afterwards  the  first  Lord  Aldenham) 
refers  to  Walton's  description  of  himself  as  an 
ironmonger  in  1626  when  he  married  his  first  wife, 
Rachel  Floud.  He  seems  to  have  had  an  excellent 
taste  for  cabinets,  for  we  find  recorded  here  a 
"  Dower  Coffer  "  (6  S.  xii.  326)  celebrating  his  mar- 
riage with  Ann  Ken  ;  a  hanging  cupboard  inscribed 
with  bis  name  and  the  date  1672,  now  in  the  fit 
hands  of  that  enthusiast,  Mr.  Elkin  Mathews  ;  a 
linen  chest  recording  Walton's  first  marriage,  dis- 
covered in  Warwick  Castle;  and  a  fine  cabinet 
dated  1656,  bearing  his  name  and  that  of  "  Anne," 
now  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Henry  Harben.  The 
last  handsome  piece  of  furniture  is  not  mentioned 
in  his  will,  like  the  hanging  cupboard,  and  may 
have  been  given  away  by  him,  as  Mr.  Marston  sug- 
gests, during  his  lifetime.  Illustrations  of  these 
three  pieces  of  furniture  are  provided,  but  the 
present  habitat  of  the  "Dower  Coffer"  is  not 
traced. 

The  results  and  queries  of  other  investigators 
we  leave  to  readers  of  the  book,  who  will  also  find 
a  good  record  of  the  modern  memorials  to  Walton, 
in  which  Mr.  R.  B.  Marston  has  played  a  leading 
part. 

Our  only  regret  as  to  the  volume  is  that  it  con- 
tains several  repetitions  and  other  things  which 
the  "  limse  labor  "  would  have  removed.  Surely 
there  are  many  friends  who  would  have  assisted 
the  veteran  author  in  this  work  with  pleasure. 

Intermediate  English  Grammar.  Based  on  Mason's 
English  Grammars,  augmented  and  revised  by 
A.  J.  Ashton.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
THIS  is  the  second  issue  of  Mason's  well-known 
works  in  grammar,  coming  between  a  Junior  and  a 
Senior  volume.  It  has  been  brought  up  to  "  modern 
requirements  "  by  Mr.  Ashton,  who  is  a  teacher  in 
English,  and  the  result  is  well  worth  consideration 
by  teachers.  The  examples  quoted  avoid  the  jejune 
character  of  those  in  earlier  grammars,  and  we  have 
been  through  the  whole  volume  with  interest.  We 
doubt  the  propriety  of  quoting  so  much  of  Shake- 
speare, whose  ideas  of  grammar  are  unusually  free, 
and  think  that  exceptional  usages  should  be  kept 
as  far  as  possible,  for  the  Senior  course.  As  it  is, 
the  elements  of  the  subject  are  confused  enough  ir 


comparison  with  the  grammar  of  Greek  or  Latin.- 
The  latter  language  has  affected  our  own  in  many' 
ways,  but  this  influence  is  not  stated  so  often  as  it 
might  be.  Perhaps  Mr.  Ashton  takes  the  view  that 
exceptions  are  best  left  without  reasons  for  the 
Intermediate  class  of  scholar.  We  note  a  few 
Doints  which  have  occurred  to  us  in  our  survey  of 
:he  book. 

The  '  Short  History  of  the  English  Language " 
which  precedes  the  Grammar  is  a  good  introduction,, 
and  will  give  some  idea  of  the  development  of  our 
.iative  vocabulary  out  of  various  sources.  The^ 
statement  concerning  "  gander  "  and  the  loss  of  the- 
n  with  the  corresponding  German  appears  on  p.  34, 
and  is  repeated  on  p.  35.  The  "objective  case"  of" 
the  personal  pronouns  mentioned  on  p.  59  seems  to 
us  in  some  instances  the  same  as  the  "dative  of 
interest "  mentioned  on  p.  191.  We  are  not  wholly 
satisfied  with  the  remarks  on  the  usage  of  relative 
pronouns,  but  in  this  matter  the  Senior  scholars  of" 
the  forthcoming  third  section  will,  perhaps,  have: 
more  latitude  allowed  them  in  verbal  expression. 
For  Steele's  essay  on1  '  Who  and  Which '  (p.  64)' 
a  more  precise  reference  should  have  been  given. 
There  is  a  difficulty  about  "dare"  on  p.  77,  due  to 
the  fact  that  it  is  a  verb  like  "  may  "or  "  can,"  andi 
also  an  ordinary  verb.  On  p.  124  we  find  "  phrensy  "" 
cited  as  a  word  with  a  Greek  suffix,  but  this  spell- 
'"•»  of  "frenzy"  is  surely  obsolete.  It  is  easy  to 
d  a  better  example.  One  occurs  in  a  notable  line 
quoted  in  No.  14  of  the  '  Miscellaneous  Examples  '  on 
p.  181  foil.  On  p.  196  there  is  an  ingenious  discussion 
of  such  phrases  as  "  the  three  first  verses,"  in  which 
we  gladly  recognize  a  protest  against  pedantry. 
We  learn  that  "no  satisfactory  explanation  can  be 
given  of  the  use  of  the  relative  whom  after  than  in 
cases  where  we  should  expect  the  nominative." 
The  explanation  is  surely  trie  influence  of  Latin. 
The  note  as  to  "  than  "="  when  "  appears  on  p.  208, 
but  seems  to  be  needed  earlier  to  explain  the  end  of 
the  first  paragraph  on  p.  204.  Much  of  the  sound 
information  on  'Punctuation'  in  chap.  xxix.  is  now 
rendered  useless  by  the  ignorance  of  writers  who  • 
seek  a  reputation  for  picturesque  English  in  the 
opular  press,  and  even— such  is  the  taste  of  the 
ay — are  able  to  publish  their  verbiage  in  book 
form.  It  would  do  all  such  persons  good  to  read 
this  Grammar. 

We  regret  to  find  that  there  is  no  index,  a  feature 
which  would  simplify  the  process  of  looking  up 
points,  or  going  back  to  a  thing  previously  stated,  as 
we  have  wished  to  do  more  tnan  once.  Teachers 
have  so  much  to  teach  nowadays  that  their  time 
should  be  saved  as  far  as  possible. 

The  History  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  in  North 
America. — Documents.  Vol.  I.  Part  I.  Nos. 
1-140,  1605-1838.  By  Thomas  Hughes,  S.J. 
(Longmans  &  Co.) 

IN  our  closing  number  for  last  year  we  reviewed 
Parti,  of  the  text  of  this  'History.'  There  now 
comes  to  hand  Part  I.  of  the  'Documents,'  a  bulky 
tome  containing  140  documents,  written  in  English, 
Latin,  Italian,  or  French,  which  are  referred  to  in 
the  text.  To  those  who  are  interested  in  the  trials 
and  struggles  of  Roman  Catholic  missionary  work, 
and  who  are  in  possession  of  Part  I.  of  the  text,  the 
present  collection  of  documents  will  prove  valuable 
for  reference.  As  in  the  case  of  the  text  itself,  the 
author  appears  to  have  taken  considerable  pains  in 
order  that  the  compilation  should  be  as  ample  and 
satisfactory  as  possible. 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         uo  s.  x.  OCT.  3,  im 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — OCTOBER. 

MESSRS.  WILLIAM  GEORGE'S  SONS  send  from 
Bristol  their  Catalogue  309.  Works  on  Africa  include 
the  first  edition  of  Burton's  '  Central  Africa,'  1860, 
11. 12s.  There  are  works  under  Alpine  ;  while  under 
Angling  occurs  Bainbridge's  'Fly-Fisher's  Guide,' 
large  paper,  4to,  1816,  11.  15s.  This  is  the  author's 
own  copy,  with  his  book-plate.  Under  Bucking- 
hamshire is  Lipscomb's  '  History,'  4  vols. ,  royal  4to, 
1847,  131.  13s.  There  is  an  Edition  de  Luxe  of  the 
first  ten  volumes  of  "The  Bibelots,"  vellum, 
41.  l'2s.  Qd.  A  long  run  of  The  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
173  vols.,  1732-1841,  is  8^.  8s.  There  are  works  under 
India.  Other  items  include,  G.  P.  R.  James's  His- 
torical Romances,  21  vols.,  1844-9,  11.  15s.;  Landor's 
*  Imaginary  Conversations,'  5  vols.,  1826-9,  11.  5s.; 
Montaigne,  4  vols.,  white  vellum,  3Z.  15s.;  Chappell's 
'National  Airs,'  2  vols.,  royal  4t9,  1840,  11.  Is.;  and 
Wordsworth's  'Poems,'  first  edition,  2  vols.  in  1, 
12mo,  contemporary  calf,  1807,  21.  10s. 

Mr.  John  Jeffery's  Catalogue  117  contains  cheap 
books  and  rare  and  curious  pamphlets.  Under 
Surrey  is  Weatherhead's  'Beulah  Saline  Spa  at 
Norwood,'  1833,  3s.  Burdom's  'Bonaparte,'  to- 

fsther  with  Warden's  notes  of  conversations  of 
apoleon,  recently  described  in  our  columns  by 
Mr.  E.  Marston,  1816,  is  6s.  6d.;  and  Barclay's 
'  Apology,'  1678-9,  4to,  calf,  11.  Is.  Under  Sacred 
Harmonic  Society  is  the  Catalogue  of  the  Library, 
1853,  with  Supplement,  1855,  2  vols.,  4to,  5s.  Among 
MSS.  we  find  under  Bristol  a  Calendar  of  the  New 
British  Tontine  held  at  Bristol,  1792-9, 2  vols.,  folio, 
21.  12s.  Qd.  Among  the  11,000  shareholders  occurs 
the  name  of  Charles  Dickens,  farmer  of  Denshanger, 
in  the  parish  of  Passingham.  Another  Manuscript 
is  the  '  Survey  and  Valuation  of  the  Precincts  of 
the  Royal  Hospital  of  St.  Katherine's,'  by  Claridge 
and  Iveson,  4to,  calf,  1825,  51.  5s.  "It  gives  the 
value  of  the  fee  of  the  church  and  lands  at  60,000/., 
a  bonus  of  20,000/.  being  expected  by  the  Chan- 
cellor. A  new  Hospital  was  to  be  erected  else- 
where, and  is  still  unbuilt.  The  estate,  with  an 
annual  income  of  15,500/.,  was  sold  at  little  more 
than  10  years'jmrchase,  at  a  loss  of  20,000^.  on  the 
valuers'  own  figures." 

Mr.  W.  M.  Murphy's  Liverpool  Catalogue  138 
contains  the  Transactions  of  the  Society  of  Biblical 
Archaeology,  1872-93,  and  the  Proceedings  to  De- 
cember, 1902,  a  fine  set,  good  as  new,  14£.  10s.; 
Audsley  and  Bowes's  '  Keramic  Art  of  Japan,' 
51.  5s.;  Linnean  Society's  Transactions,  1857  to  1889, 
11.  Is.;  Fairholt's  '  Roman  Coins,'  2  vols.,  4to,  11.  Is.; 
Walpole's  '  Royal  and  Noble  Authors,'  original 


land,'  4  vols.  in  1,  folio,  handsomely  bound  in 
morocco  extra,  1874,  3£.  18s.;  Planche's  ''Cyclopaedia 
of  Costume/  2  vols.,  4to,  1876-9,  51.  15s.;  and  Turner's 
'  Views  in  England  and  Wales,'  2  vols.,  4to,  original 
half-morocco,  1838,  61.  There  are  some  portraits 
and  prints,  including  a  portrait  in  oils  of  General 
Beauregard  of  the  American  Confederate  Army, 
1860-64,  50^.;  three  coloured  engravings,  'Rustic 
Hours,'  by  Wheatley,  251.  the  three;  and  a  fine 
large  aquatint  etched  by  Morland,  coloured  by 
Alken,  8/.  8s. 

Mr.  C.  Richardson's  Manchester  Catalogue  55, 
Part  2,  contains  the  first  edition  of  Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald's  '  Euphrarior,'  Pickering,  1851,  31.  10s.; 


"  French  Masterpieces,"  edited  by  Edmund  Gosse, 
12  vols.,  21.  10s.  ;  first  edition  of  Goldsmith's  'Life 
of  Nash,'  1762,  11.  15s.  ;  and  '  Mrs.  Delany's  Auto- 
biography and  Correspondence,'  6  vols.,  original 
cloth,  1861-2,  51.  Under  Hallam  is  a  rarity, 
'  Remains  in  Prose  and  Verse  of  Arthur  Henry 
Hallam,'  originally  printed  in  1834,  privately 
printed,  1853,  HI.  This  is  a  presentation  copy  to 
the  late  Prof.  Conington  "from  the  editor."  Under 
Huth  Library  are  the  27  vols.  edited  by  Grosart  for 
private  circulation  only,  1881-6,  221.  10s.  Works  on 
Ireland  include  Carlton's  'Traits  of  the  Irish 
Peasantry,'  1843-4,  31.  There  is  a  nice  copy  of 
Ainger's  edition  of  Lamb,  11.  10s.  Under  Piozziana 
are  interesting  items  ;  and  under  Punch  is  a  com- 
plete set  of  the  original  issue,  1841-1903,  half-calf. 
251.  Among  Dickens  items  is  '  The  Household 
Narrative,'  6  vols.,  1850-55,  7s.  Qd.  Under  Reichen- 
bachia  is  San  dar's  choice  work,  4  vols.,  large  folio, 
1888-94,  full  morocco,  221. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton's  Manchester  Catalogue  163  is 
devoted  to  Topography  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  being  the  remaining  portion  of  the  library 
of  the  late  Thomas  Parker,  of  Oldham.  The  works 
are  arranged  under  counties.  We  note  a  few  items  : 
Dyer's  'Cambridge,'  large  paper,  1814,  21.  2s.;  Lang- 
don's  'Old  Cornish  Crosses,'  14s.  Qd.;  Fielding  and 
Walton's  '  Tour  of  the  English  Lakes,'  Ackermann, 
1821,31.  10s.;  and  Hibbert-Ware  and  Whattori's 
'  History  of  the  Foundations  in  Manchester  of  the 
Christ's  College,  Chetham  Hospital,  &c.,'  21.  10s.  A 
long  list  under  Yorkshire,  of  course,  includes 
Whitaker's  '  Richmondshire,'  1823,  8/.  8s.;  also  his 
'Craven,'  Leeds,  1878,  21.  2s.  The  Catalogue 
contains  1,364  items,  and  each  has  its  special 
interest. 


We  must  call  special  attention   to    the  following 

notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
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lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
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disposing  of  them. 

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ERRATUM.—  P.  254,  col.  2,  1.  24  from  foot,  for  1376 
read  1736. 

NOTICE. 

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281 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  10,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  250. 

NOTES:— Milton's  Father-in-Law— Proverbs  and  Popular 
Phrases,  281— 'D.N.B.  Epitome,' 282— Arabic-English,  284 
— Arabic  Vowels  :  their  Transliteration — Bees  and  Lucky 
Days,  285— Thornhill  Bridge— "Hansed"= Admitted  to  a 
Hans—  "Every  mickle  makes  a  muckle "—Shakespearian 
Memoranda,  286. 

QUERIES  :— Theatre  at  Hampstead—" Stumpy  &  Rowdy" 
—Stoke,  Wirral,  Parish  Registers— Sergeant  Valentine 
Blake— Saint-Hilaire,  Poitiers,  287  -Inquisition  and  Jews 
—John  Eyre  Coventry— Mr.  Lauder,  Scottish  Vocalist— 
" Antonio  Nati,  Romano" — Red-tail  Knights — Church  of 
Llantwit  Major— Kniphofla,  288— Amphilis,  Female  Name 
— Amphillis  Hyde  —  Sir  Alexander  Brett  —  Abraham 
Whittaker  —  French  Peerage  —  Duke  of  Brunswick- 
Badges  on  Book-Plates  —  Lady  Chapels  — Thelma:  its 
Derivation — General  Wheeler  Cleveland — Capital  Punish- 
ment in  the  Eighteenth  Century— John  Mapletoft,  1631- 
1720— Claugh  Family,  289— Alderman's  Walk— John  Butler 
of  Mullaghowny— Arachne  House,  Strand-on-the-Green, 
290. 

KEPLIES:— London  Statues  and  Memorials,  290— Addison's 
Maternal  Ancestry,  292— Duke  of  Westminster's  Elope- 
ment with  Miss  Child— Jacob  Philadelphia — Jean  Paul  in 
English,  293  — Dickens  on  "Half- Baptized  "—The  Lion 
and  the  Unicorn— Tintagel — Hoppner  and  Sir  Thomas 
Frankland's  Daughters,  294  —  Authors  of  Quotations 
Wanted — Lizzie  Doten's  Poem — Pickthall — James  Preston 
— Zoffany— W.  H.  Riehl  in  English— French  Coat  of  Arms, 
295  —  Roman  Inscription  at  Baveno  —  Parliamentary 
Applause  —  Hampstead  in  Song  —  "  Star  and  Garter 
Tavern,"  Pall  Mall,  296— Salford  :  Saltersford— "  Officer 
of  the  Pipe  "— "  Sinews  of  war,"  297— Children  at  Execu- 
tions—Hannah Maria  Jones— William  Bruce,  Physician- 
Date  of  Plate — Garioch — "House  of  warantyse" — Mor- 
timer Collins. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— Allan  Fea's  'James  II.  and  his 
Wives ' — Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


MILTON'S    FATHER-IN-LAW. 

DR.  JOHNSON,  copying  from  Phillips, 
tells  us  that  Milton  married  for  his  second 
wife  Catherine,  the  daughter  of  one  Capt. 
Woodcock  of  Hackney.  He  adds  that  she 
was  doubtless  educated  in  opinions  like  his 
own — a  remark  which  is  apparently  the  only 
foundation  for  Matthew  Arnold's  statement 
that  she  was  the  daughter  of  a  sectarian. 
Johnson  unjustly,  or  carelessly,  says  that 
this  second  marriage  took  place  shortly  after 
the  death  of  the  first  wife.  As  a  fact,  there 
was  an  interval  of  about  four  years  between 
"the  two  events.  Mark  Pattison  observes 
that  we  know  nothing  more  of  Catherine 
Woodcock  than  may  be  gathered  from 
Milton's  sonnet  upon  her.  Prof.  Masson 
•says  that  her  father  may  have  been  the  Capt. 
John  Woodcock  who  gave  a  receipt  for 
13Z.  8s.,  on  the  disbandment  of  his  troop, 
on  6  Oct.,  1653,  "  as  no  other  Capt.  Woodcock 
of  the  time  has  been  discovered." 

It  seems  possible,  however,  that  her  father 
was  the  Capt.  Nicholas  Woodcock  who  is 
mentioned  in  Pietro  Delia  Valle's  travels. 
This  Capt.  Woodcock  commanded  the  Whale, 


Eastindiaman,  in  which  Delia  Valle  sailed 
from  Gombroon  to  Surat  in  January,  1623. 
Delia  Valle  speaks  highly  of  him,  and  says 
that  he  was  in  Greenland  in  1611.  Unfor- 
tunately, Capt.  Woodcock  lost  his  ship  in 
March,  1623,  between  Surat  and  Daman, 
when  he  was  on  his  way  to  Mocha.  Many 
of  the  crew  were  drowned,  and  among  them 
was  Woodcock's  son  Richard.  Woodcock 
was  accused  of  having  contributed  to  the 
disaster  by  overloading  his  ship  and  taking 
out  ballast.  The  Court  (of  directors)  prose- 
cuted him  in  the  Admiralty,  and  also  refused 
to  pay  him  his  wages.  However,  the  same 
Court  admitted  that  they  could  not  charge 
Woodcock  with  wilful  error,  as  by  the  wreck 
he  had  lost  his  own  son  and  all  his  estate. 
Eventually,  as  we  find  in  Sainsbury's  '  Calen- 
dar of  State  Papers  '  under  date  17  Nov., 
1626,  a  general  release  was  presented  under 
the  hand  of  Nicholas  Woodcock,  and  at  his 
request  the  Court  acquitted  and  discharged 
him  from  all  demands  for  casting  away  the 
Whale,  or  otherwise. 

The  entries  show  that  Capt.  Woodcock 
was  in  England  in  1624  and  1626,  and  that 
he  was,  or  had  been,  a  married  man.  Cathe- 
rine Woodcock  was  married  in  November, 
1656,  and  died  early  in  1658.  It  is  therefore 
possible  that  Capt.  Nicholas  Woodcock  was 
her  father.  The  difficulty  would  be  cleared 
up  if  we  knew  the  father's  Christian  name  ; 
but  unfortunately  the  marriage  certificate, 
published  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1840,  does  not  show  this. 

H.  BEVEBZDGE. 


PROVERBS    AND    POPULAR 
PHRASES. 

AT  10  S.  ii.  22  I  inquired  :— 

;<  Has  any  attempt  been  made  to  illustrate  the 
history  of  proverbs  by  a  systematic  study  of  the 
stores  of  what  may  be  termed  colloquial  literature, 
which  are  constantly  in  these  times  being  increased 
by  such  publications  as  the  reports  of  the  Historical 
Manuscripts  Commission?" 

There  were  given  several  instances  of 
such  proverbs  from  the  Cecil  MSS.  published 
up  to  the  time  of  writing  ;  and  I  should 
like  now  to  supplement  these  with  a  number 
of  examples  of  proverbs  and  popular  phrases 
from  the  second  volume  of  the  Calendar  of 
the  MSS.  of  the  Marquis  of  Bath  preserved 
at  Longleat. 

"To  be  torne  withe  wylde  horsez  "  is  to 
be  found  (p.  10)  in  an  account  of  the  exa- 
mination of  Queen  Katherine  (Howard) 
before  Cranmer  and  others  at  Hampton 
on  12  Nov.,  1541. 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10, 


"  It  be  nether  herre  nor  ther  "  is  in  a  letter 
of  25  July,  1551  (p.  12),  from  John,  Earl  of 
Warwick  to  Lord  Darcy,  then  Lord  Cham- 
berlain. 

"  Right  no  we,"  which  is  commonly  thought 
to  be  a  modern  Americanism,  is  employed 
in  a  communication  of  10  Oct.,  1589,  from 
Thomas  Bodley  at  the  Hague  to  the  High 
Treasurer,  Lord  Burghley  (p.  33). 

"  Least  you  might  charg  me  with  breach 
of  promis  "  appears  in  a  letter  of  Sir  Walter 
Ralegh,  believed  to  have  been  written  to 
Sir  Robert  Carre  between  1604  and  1608 
(p.  54). 

In  Buckingham's  letters  to  his  "  Dere 
Dad  and  Gossope  "  James  I. — two  of  which 
are  given — emphasis  is  laid  upon  the  writer's 
proverb-quoting  propensity.  In  the  first 
(each  is conjecturally  dated  1 622) the  favourite 
says  : — 

"  I  must  contradict  a  generall  reseved  maxaime 
which  says  greate  bodies  have  sloe  motions,  your 
favors  are  manie,  greate,  and  speedie,  but  my 
acknowledgements  are  poure  in  number,  slight  in 
substance  and  make  sloe  motions,  but  I  pray  you 
favor  the  proverb  and  me  thus  far  as  to  impute 
some  part  of  it  to  my  indisposition,  which  makes 
few  steps  in  me  more  then  manie  in  a  stronger 
bodie."— P.  70. 

In  the  second  he  exclaims  not  only,  "  A 
full  hart. must  eyther  vent  itself  or  breake," 
but  also  "  Full  thoughts  causes  long  paren- 
tises  "  (p.  71). 

"  Give  me  old  Englande,"  ejaculates  Sir 
Edward  Hyde  (afterwards  Lord  Clarendon) 
to  his  wife,  when  writing  from  St.  Germains 
on  12  (2  O.S.)  Aug.,  1649,  "for  meate, 
drinke,  and  lodginge,  and  even  for  wyne 
too"  (p.  82). 

Cromwell,  similarly  addressing  his  wife 
from  Dunbar  on  4  Sept.,  1650,  the  day  after 
the  famous  battle,  referred  to  his  victory 
as  an  "  exceeding  mercy  "  (p.  92). 

A  notorious  saying  with  an  ominous  mean- 
ing, attributed  in  "  the  fifties"  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  to  Judge  Keogh,  was  quaintly 
anticipated  by  T.  Ross  in  a  letter  from 
Brussels  to  Col.  Gervase  Holies  at  Rotter- 
dam on  5  May  (25  April,  O.S.),  1658  :— 

"  In  the  meane  time  our  grand  minister  would 
have  us  to  hope,  that  as  spone  as  the  Jong  nights 
come  (that  is  his  expression)  wee  shall  make  an 
attempt."— P.  122. 

The  favourite  expression  of  Mr.  Toots, 
*'  It  's  of  no  consequence,"  was  foreshadowed 
in  a  letter  of  Henry  S  a  vile  from  Whitehall 
to  Lord  Rochester  at  Woodstock  on  6  Nov., 
1677,  saying  : — 

"  Wee  doe  not  yet  know  whether  H.  Sidney's 
portion  bee  left  soe  large  as  to  disturbe  my  Lore 
Leycester's  philosophy ;  but  in  the  mean  time  hee 
sais  '  tis  all  one.' " — P.  159. 


John  Muddyman — what  connexion  wasv 
of  William  Muddiman,  earliest  of  news- 
tetter  writers  and  London  correspondents  ? 
— in  a  letter  of  September,  1671,  to  John 
Wilmot,  Earl  of  Rochester,  expressed  his- 
sorrow  that  "  you  find  your  eyes  can  neither 
endure  wine  nor  water "  (p.  152) ;  and  a 
certain  John  Talman  writing  from  Rome- 
to  his  father  in  London  on  6  June  (27  May, 
O.S.),  1711,  began  with  the  statement: 
"  Last  Monday  I  had  an  entertainment 
which  is  the  talk  of  the  town  "  (p.  179). 

These  examples  should  serve  to  stimulate? 
further  research  in  like  directions. 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 


'DICTIONARY    OF    NATIONAL 
BIOGRAPHY:    EPITOME.' 

(See  ante,  p.  183.) 

I  CONCLUDE  my  second  century  of  omis- 
sions and  additions  : — 

Gerard  (E.).  Liverpool  portrait  painter.  Author 
of  '  Letters  in  Rhyme,'  1825. 

Gordon  (George  Hamilton),  fourth  Earl  of  Aber- 
deen, 1784-1860.  Add  :  Author  of  '  Inquiry  into- 
the  Principles  of  Beauty  in  Grecian  Architecture/ 
1822. 

Graham  (Henry).  Author  of  'Annals  of  the  Yeo- 
manry Cavalry  of  Wiltshire,'  1886. 

Greenway  or  Grenewey  (Richard).  Translated 
'  The  Annales  of  Tacitus,'  1604. 

Harding  (Edward),  1755-1840.  Add:  Commenced 
business  as  a  book-  and  print-seller  in  conjunction 
with  his  brother  Silvester  in  Pall  Mall. 

Hawkins  (William),  1722-1801.  Add  :  Author  of 
'  Miscellanies  in  Prose  and  Verse,'  1775. 

Hawkins  (William  Bentick),  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  of  Exeter 
Coll.,  Oxf.  Edited,  with  bibliographical  preface,. 
'Whole  Duty  of  Man,'  1842. 

Hexham  (Henry).  Add  :  Author  of  '  A  Tongue- 
Combat,'  1623. 

Higgins  (Rev.  Henry  H.),  M.A.,  b.  at  Turvey 
Abbey,  Beds,  1815  ;  d.  3  July,  1893,  at  Liverpool. 
A  voluminous  writer,  chiefly  on  natural  history. 
Author  of  '  Sermons  Broad  and  Short,'  '  Notes- 
of  a  Field  Naturalist,'  'Museum  Talk  about 
Animals  which  have  no  Bones,'  &c.  For  over 
thirty  years  a  co-opted  member  of  the  Liverpool 
Museum  Committee,  an  institution  to  which  he 
rendered  many  valuable  services. 

Hill  (Aaron),  1685-1750.  Add  :  Author  of  '  King. 
Henry  V.,'  1723— a  Shakespearian  alteration. 

Hiritoii  (A.  Horsley),  d.  26  Feb.,  1908.  Editor  of 
The  Amateur  Photographer  from  1893.  A  prolific 
writer  on  photography  in  the  magazines  and  daily 
journals. 

Hodgson  (Sir  Arthur)  of  Clopton,  K.C.M.G.,  d. 
1902  (?).  Author  of  '  Clopton  and  the  Cloptons/ 
1892 ;  '  Shakespearian  Jottings,'  1902. 

Hodgson  (Edmund).  Book  auctioneer.  One  of  the 
founders  of  his  firm  in  1807.  Sold  Garrick's- 
library,  also  the  entire  copyrights  and  stock  of 
Scott's  works. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


Hornby  (Mary).  Occupied  Shakespeare's  Birth 
House  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury. Author  of  'The  Battle  of  Waterloo:  a 
Tragedy,'  1819  (reprinted  1820);  'The  Broken 
Vow :  a  Comedy,'  1820 ;  and  '  History  of  the 
Bard  and  Family,'  1818.  Edited  '  Extemporary 
Verses,'  1818,  and  '  Extemppral  Verses,'  1820. 

Hunnis  (Wm.).  Add  :  Contributor  to  '  Paradice  of 
Dainty  Deuises,'  1576 

Ingleby  (Clement  Mansfield),  1823-86.  Add: 
Author  of  '  Essays,'  ed.  by  his  son,  1888. 

Jarrold  (Samuel),  d,  1874.  Norwich  bookseller  and 
publisher.  Founder  of  his  house. 

Kemble  (J.  P.),  1757-1823.  Add:  Author  of 
'  Fugitive  Pieces,'  1780. 

Kemble  (Sarah).  See  Siddons  (Mrs.  Sarah).  This 
cross-reference  omitted. 

Knight  (Joseph),  d.  1907.  Editor  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
Author  of  '  Life  of  David  Garrick,'  and  of  lives  of 
actors  and  others  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

Kiiott  (Thomas),  d.  9  July,  1839,  aged  49.  Pro- 
prietor, and  for  twenty-five  years  editor  of  Aria's 
Birmingham  Gazette.  One  of  the  Governors  of 
King  Edward's  School,  and  Bailiff  of  it  in  1839. 
His  career  was  marked  with  great  usefulness  and 
beneficence,  and  he  was  universally  esteemed. 

Knowles  (Sir  James),  K.C.V.O.,  b'.  1831;  d.  at 
Brighton,  13  Feb.,  1908.  Editor  of  Contemporary 
Review,  1870-77.  Founder,  proprietor,  and  editor 
of  The  Ninteenth  Century,  and  after. 

Kyan  (John  Howard),  1774-1850.  Add  :  Author  of 
'On  the  Elements  of  Light,  and  their  Identity 
with  those  of  Matter,  Radiant  and  Fixed,'  1838, 
in  which  he  advanced  some  startling  theories. 

Lear  (Edward),  1812-88.  Add  :  Author  of  '  Journal 
of  a  Landscape  Painter  in  Corsica,'  1870;  'Letters,' 
ed.  by  Lady  Strachey,  1907. 

Leighton  (Archibald),  bookbinder.  Inventor  of 
cloth  bookbinding. 

Lloyd  (Robert),  1733-64.  Add  :  Author  of  '  Shake- 
speare :  an  Epistle  to  Garrick,'  1760 ;  'An  Epistle 
to  C.  Churchill,'  1761.  Died  in  the  Fleet  Prison. 

Lomax  (Thomas),  Lichfield  bookseller,  d.  1873. 
Known  as  the  "Father  of  the  Midland  book 
trade." 

Loveling  ( ).  Author  of  'The  First  Satire  of 

Persius  Imitated,'  1740. 

Lownes  (Mathew),  fl.  1596-1623,  publisher.  Clothed 
by  the  Stationers'  Company,  3  July,  1602 ;  chosen 
assistant,  18  May,  1612. 

Macdonald  (Major-General  Sir  Hector  Archibald), 
b.  13  April,  1852.  Rose  from  the  ranks. 

MacLehose  (James),  Glasgow  bookseller  and 
publisher,  d.  Dec.,  1885. 

Macmillan  (Alexander),  1818-96.  Publisher,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  firm  bearing  his  name. 
Son  of  a  small  farmer  at  Irvine,  Ayrshire. 

Marshall  (Richard),  bookseller.  Assistant  to  B. 
Crosby  (a. v.)  One  of  the  founders  in  1815  of  the 
firm  of  Simpkin  &  Marshall. 

Mateley  (Dorothy),  ore- washer  of  Ashover,  Derby- 
shire. Said  to  have  been  swallowed  up  by  the 
earth  on  23  March,  1660/61,  immediately  on 
uttering  an  oath  to  that  effect. 

Miles  (John),  bookseller.  One  of  the  founders  in 
1815  of  the  firm  of  Simpkin  &  Marshall. 

Moxon  (Edward),  1801-58.  Add:  Author  of 
*  Christmas  :  a  Poem,'  1829. 

Moxon  (Elizabeth).  Author  of  '  English  House- 
Wifery,'  of  which  the  10th  ed.  appeared  at  Leeds 
in  1769 ;  and  of  '  English  Housewifery  Improved,' 


Muir  of  Campsie  (Wm.),  b.28  Nov.,  1766 ;  d.  21  Oct., 
1817.  Wrote  '  Poems  on  Various  Subjects,'  which 
appeared  in  1818  with  '  Notices  Biographical  and 
Critical.' 

Murray  (David  Christie),  b.  West  Bromwich, 
13  April,  1847.  Author  of  nearly  fifty  well-known 
works. 

Napper  of  Cranleigh  (Albert).  Organized  in  1859» 
the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  Cranleigh 
Village  Hospital.  Author  of  'Advantages  de- 
rivable by  the  Medical  Profession  and  the  Public: 
from  Village  Hospitals,'  1864  (several  times  re- 
printed). 

Nicholson  (John  Aldwell),  LL.D.,  d.  Leamington. 
Author  of  '  No  Cipher  in  Shakespeare,'  1888 ;; 

'Shakespeare      Sermon at     Stratford  -  upon  - 

Avon,'  1897. 

Overtoun  (first  Baron).  See  White  (John  Camx)- 
bell). 

Pack  (Richardson),  1682-1728.  Add:  Author  of! 
'  A  New  Collection  of  Miscellanies  in  Prose  and 
Verse,'  1725. 

Petty  (W.),  first  Marquis  of  Lansdowne.  Add:- 
'  Letters  of  Junius'  attributed  to  him. 

Phipsori  (Dr.  T.  L.),  b.  1833 (?) ;  d.  Feb.,  1908,  at. 
Putney.  Author  of  '  Phosphorescence ' ;  '  Utiliza- 
tion of  Minute  Life';  'Some  Mysteries  of" 
Nature ' ;  and  other  works. 

Pigott  (Charles),  d.  1794.  Add:  Author  of  the. 
'Jockey  Club'  memoirs,  1792,  a  severe  attack  om 
the  British  aristocracy. 

Pollok  (David).  Author  of  '  Life  of  Robert  Pollok,' ' 
the  poet,  1843. 

Pycroft  (James),  1813-95.  Add:  Author  of  *A\ 
Course  of  English  Reading,'  1847;  '  Student's « 

Guide    to Reading    necessary    for    obtaining 

Univ.  Honours.' 

Rame  (Louise  de  la),  "  Ouida,"  novelist  and  essayist, 
b.  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  of  English  and  French 
parentage  ;  d.  1908.  Author  of  over  forty  well- 
known  books. 

Ridings  (Elijah),  poet,  b.  27  Nov.,  1802,  at  Fails-  - 
worth.  His  complete  poetical  works  pub.  1854  • 
under  the  title  of  '  The  Village  Muse.' 

Royd  (Dr.  Wm.),  deprived  Bp.  of  Norwich,  fl.  1710. 

Rylands  (Enrequita),  d.  4  Feb.,  1908,  at  Torquay. 
Manchester  benefactress.  Married  the  millionaire  - 
John  Rylands,  1872 ;  founded  and  endowed  the  • 
sumptuous  library  in  Deansgate,  Manchester,  in, 
his  memory. 

Sampson  (Agnes).    Accused  by  Geillis  Duncan  of 
witchcraft  in  reign  of  James  VI.  and  I.     Tortured  \ 
and  examined  in  person  by  the  King.  Condemned  i 
to  be  burnt. 

Sampson  (John),  d.  July,  1887.  York  bookseller  - 
and  publisher. 

Sande  (D.).  Co-author  of  'Paradice  of  Dainty 
Deuises,'  1576. 

Silvester  (Dr.  Henry  Robert),  b.  1828  »?);  d.  Feb.,. 
1908,  at  Clapham  Common.     Discoverer  of  the  -• 
"  Silvester "  method  for  restoring  the  apparently 
drowned. 

Simco  (John),  b.  Towcester;  d.  2  Feb.,  1824,  aged 
74.  Bookseller  of  Air  Street,  Piccadilly.  A 
specialist  in  topography,  and,  as  he  added  to  the  ; 
title  of  his  catalogues,  issued  every  third  year, 
"  A  lover  and  preserver  of  Antiquities."  In  his 
will  he  left  directions  for  the  British  Museum 
Trustees  to  be  offered  his  unique  extra-illustrated 
works  at  less  than  half  the  amount  they  cost  him. 
The  offer  was  refused,  and  the  books  subsequently 
sold  for  more  than  double  the  sum  named. 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  im 


Simms  (Samuel  William),  d.  17  Jan.,  1908,  aged  97 
Bath  bookseller.     Said  to  have  voted  in  every 
Parliamentary  election  since  the  Reform  Act. 
Simpkin  (William),  hatter  and  bookseller.  Assistan 
to  B.  Crosby  (q.v.).     One  of  the  founders  in  1815 
of  the  firm  of  Simpkin  &  Marshall.     His  only 
child,  a  daughter,  married  H.  G.  Bohii  (q.v.). 
Smith  (Egerton),  b.  Keridal,  1768 ;  d.  18  Nov.,  1841 
Principal  proprietor  and  editor  of  The  Liverpool 
Mercury,  one  of  the  few  provincial  newspapers 
possessing  national  importance  at  the  time.     A 
man    of    rare    energy,    industry,    and    ability 
Founder  of  the  Mechanics'  Library  and  the  Night 
Asylum  at  Liverpool. 

Smith  (Francis),  d.  22  Dec.,  1691.  London  book 
seller,  and  Keeper  of  the  Custom  House.  His 
remarkable  epitaph  in  Bunhill  Fields  records 
that  he  "  suffered  much  by  fines,  corporal  punish- 
ment, and  forty-two  imprisonments,  for  urging 
the  frequency  of  Parliaments,  and  publishing  the 
sentiments  of  freemen  during  the  reign  of  tyranny 
and  oppression  in  the  17th  century." 
Smith  (YVilliam  Henry),  b.  7  July,  1792.  News- 
agent and  stationer.  Founder  of  the  Railway 
Bookstall  business,  in  which  he  possessed  a  mono 
poly  for  many  years. 

Sotheran  (Thomas),  bookseller.  Founded  the  busi- 
ness bearing  his  name  in  Old  Broad  Street,  1812. 

Spence  (Ferrand).     Translator  of  'Miscellanea 

by  C.  Marguetel  de  Saint- Denis,'  1686. 
Stephen  (Sir   Leslie),   b.   London,  28  Nov.,   1832 

Original  editor  of  the  '  D.N.B.' 
Stevens  (W.),  d.  1887.    Publisher  and  founder  of 

The  Family  Herald. 

Traheron  (W.).  Translator  of  'Historieof  all  the 
Roman  Emperors,'  by  Pedro  Mexia  (and  others), 
1604;  'The  Imperiall  Historic,'  by  P.  Mexia, 
1623. 

Valpy  (Richard),  1754-1836.    Add  :  Produced  acting 
versions  of  some  of  Shakespeare's  plays  in  aid  of 
national  memorials. 
Yaux  (Thomas),  second  Baron.     Add  :  Contributor 

to  *  Songes  and  Sonettes,'  1557. 

Yere  (Edward  de),  seventeenth  Earl  of  Oxford. 
Add:  Contributor  to  'Paradice  of  Dainty 
Deuises,'  1576. 

Wackrill  (Samuel  Thomas),  d.  1907.  First  Mayor 
and  "Father  of  Leamington."  Devoted  the 
greater  part  of  a  long  and  strenuous  life  to  the 
public  service.  A  citizen  whose  chief  object  in 
life  was  the  public  weal. 

Wall  (Alfred  H.),  d.  1906.  In  turn  actor,  miniature 
painter,  photographer,  journalist,  artist,  and 
librarian.  Author  of  '  Fifty  Years  of  our  Good 
Queen's  Reign,'  1887 ;  '  Shakespeare's  Face,'  1890; 
'  Shakespeare  Adversaria,'  1890  ;  '  Guide  to  Strat- 
ford,' 1885.  Edited  'Cassell's  Household  Guide.' 
Contributed  to  Popular  Science  Review  and  other 
publications.  Sometime  editor  of  Illust.  Sporting 
and  Dramatic  News  and  Lady's  Pictorial.  Sent 
to  Australia  in  1888  to  sketch  for  Illufst.  London 
News. 
Walton  (Sir  John  Lawson),  d.  1908.  M.P.  for  South 

Leeds  from  1892.    Attorney-General  from  1905. 
Weaver  (Edmund),  fl.    1620.     Publisher.     Clothed 

by  the  Stationers'  Company,  26  Oct.,  1607. 
Westell  (James),  d.  1  Feb.,  1908,  aged  79.  Engaged 
in  practical  bookselling  for  67  years.  His  cus- 
tomers included  Gladstone  (once  besieged  in  the 
shop,  escaping  by  a  rear  door),  Bulwer  Lytton, 
Dyce,  Father  Ignatius,  Joseph  Knight,  and'  other 
eminent  men. 


Whalley  (J.  Lawson),  Colonel  4th  King's  Own 
Lancashire  Regiment.  Author  of  'Gold  War 
Medals  awarded  to  British  Military  and  Naval 
Forces  from  Elizabeth  to  Victoria,'  1888. 

White  the  elder  (Benjamin),  1725-94.  Publisher  and 
bookseller  at  the  sign  of  "  Horace's  Head,"  Fleet 
Street.  One  of  the  first  booksellers  to  issue  an 
annual  list  of  expensive  books,  begun  in  1771. 
Brother  of  Gilbert  White,  whose  immortal 
'  Selborne '  he  first  published. 

White  the  younger  (Benjamin),  d.  at  Ewelme, 
Oxfordshire,  18  May,  1821.  Publisher  and  book- 
seller. Succeeded  his  father  at  "Horace's  Head, ' 
and  continued  to  publish  the  annual  catalogue  of 
books  in  conjunction  with  his  brother  John  until 
1796 ;  continued  by  John  until  1807  or  later.  Some 
of  the  finest  publications  of  the  period  were  issued 
by  B.  White. 

White  (John  Campbell),  first  Baron  Overtoun,  b. 
Hayfield,  near  Rutherglen,  21  Nov.,  1843  ;  d.  1908. 
Convener  of  Dumbartonshire.  Bequeathed  61,000^. 
to  charitable  and  religious  societies. 

Williams  (John),  1761-1818.  Add :  Author  of  '  Chil- 
dren of  Thespis,'  1787 ;  '  Poems  by  Anthony 
Pasquin,'  1789,  2  vols. 

Wimbledon  (R.).  Author  of  '  A  Sermon  preached 
at  St.  Paul's  Crosse  in  the  reign  of  K.  Henry  IY. 
in  the  yeare  1388  [sic],  and  founde  hyd  in  a  Wall,' 
1575. 

Ylope  (M.).  Contributor  to  '  Paradice  of  Dainty 
Deuises,'  1576. 

WILLIAM  JAGGABD. 

In  M'Neill's  *  Tranent  and  its  Surround- 
ings,' second  edition,  1884,  pp.  106-10,  the 
spelling  of  the  name  of  the  Tranent  school- 
master is  Feane — not  Fian  or  Fyan,  as  in 
MB.  JAGGABD'S  list.  W.  S. 


ABABIC-ENGLISH. — Many  years  ago  a  dis- 
tinguished Arabic  scholar,  the  Rev.  George 
Percy  Badger,  commented  on  the  remarkable 
fact  that,  considering  the  vast  number  of 
Orientals  who  were  living  under  the  sway 
of  Great  Britain,  only  an  infinitesimal  amount 
of  attention  was  spent  in  this  country  upon 
the  study  of  Eastern  languages.  Arabic, 
he  observed  in  a  letter  addressed  to  myself, 
as  an  instrument  for  the  rigorous  training 
of  the  mind,  was  not  inferior  in  value  to 
mathematics,  was  certainly  equal  to  Greek, 
and  probably  superior  to  Latin.  And  yet 
this  study,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  never 
yet  entered  into  the  curricula  of  any  of  our 
Secondary  Schools.  Complacent  ignorance 
is  a  national  trait,  and  complacently  ignorant 
we  shall  probably  always  remain. 

One  may  ask  how  many  Englishmen  know 
the  meaning  of  the  names  of  the  rival  Sultans 
n  Morocco.  A  short  time  ago  such  a  well- 
nformed  journal  as  The  Pall  Mall  Gazette 
had  a  leader  headed  by  the  time-worn  joke, 
dating  thirty  years  back,  of  "  Abdul  As  Is, 
and  Abdul  As  Was."  Such  a  name  as  Abdul 
would  not  only  be  meaningless  in  Arabic,  but 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


has  no  existence  in  that  language.  The  Sul- 
tan's name  is  Abdul  Aziz,  or,  more  correctly, 
'Abdu-'l-'AzIz,  which  is  compounded  of 
'Abd,  a  slave,  and  Al-'Aziz,  one  of  the  names 
of  God,  signifying  the  Mighty  One  who  over- 
comes everything,  in  the  pleonastic  language 
of  the  Arabic  lexicographers.  His  rival 
fares  still  worse.  He  figures  in  one  paper 
as  Moulai  Hafid,  in  another  as  Moulai  el- 
Hafid,  in  a  third  as  Mulai  al-Hafid,  and  so 
on.  Not  one  gives  his  correct  name  of 
Abdul  Hafid,  or,  as  I  should  prefer  to  write 
it,  'Abdu-'l-.Hafidh,  in  which  the  last  con- 
stituent is  also  one  of  the  names  of  the 
Almighty,  signifying  the  Protector  of  all 
created  things.  El-Hafid  is  wrong,  because 
no  Musulman  could  call  a  human  being  by 
the  name  of  his  Creator.  With  regard  to 
pronunciation,  the  last  letter  is  difficult 
for  an  Englishman,  as  it  is  unrepresented 
in  any  European  language.  In  Arabia  and 
Northern  Africa  the  nearest  approach  to  it 
is  dth,  while  in  Persia  and  India  it  is  pro- 
nounced as  z.  We  may  call  it  Hafid,  re- 
membering that  the  stress  is  on  the  second 
syllable,  not  the  first — Hafeed,  not  Hafid. 

Maulai,  a  lord,  is  the  word  generally  spelt 
in  Persian  as  Maulawi,  which  Englishmen 
in  India  usually  turn  into  Moulvie. 

I  saw  in  the  papers  a  few  weeks  ago  that 
two  Arab  girls  were  charged  with  shoplifting, 
their  names  being  given  as  Mariam  ben 
Mahomed  and  Fatima  ben  Habass — the 
nearest  sound  the  reporter  got  to  'Abbas, 
I  presume.  The  word  ben,  or  more  properly 
bin,  means  a  son  in  Arabic,  as  in  Hebrew. 
It  is  strange  that  newspapers  of  high  standing 
should  not  know  this.  A  daughter  in  Arabic 
is  bint,  and  the  young  ladies  in  question 
should  have  been  thus  designated.  If  some 
farsighted  head  master  had  the  courage 
to  institute  a  class  for  Arabic  in  his  school, 
the  example  might  possibly  be  followed, 
and  we  might  in  course  of  time  be  spared 
such  solecisms  as  these. 

W.  F.  PRIDE  AUX. 

ARABIC  VOWELS  :  THEIR  TRANSLITERATION. 
—Different  entries  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  show  that 
readers  unacquainted  with  Arabic  are  some- 
times puzzled  by  finding  the  same  Arabic 
name  transliterated  in  various  ways  (see 
'  Muhammed  or  Mohammed,'  9  S.  xi.  509  ; 
xii.  55  ;  "  Badr  "  or  "  Bedr,"  10  S.  ii.  475). 
Sometimes  variants  occur  even  on  the  same 
page.  I  have  before  me  as  I  write  one  of 
the  volumes  of  the  "  Bibliotheca  Indica," 
of  which  the  title  reads  :  '  History  of  Mu- 
hammad's Campaigns  by  Aboo  'Abd  Ollah 
Mohammad  'Bin  Omar  Al-Wakidy.'  Here 


we  have  in  two  consecutive  lines  Muhammad 
and  Mohammad,  both  of  which  differ  from, 
the  forms  above.  The  differences  arise 
from  the  fact  that  Arabic  possesses  only 
three  symbols — fetha,  kesra,  and  damma — 
to  represent  the  eight  short  vowel-sounds 
a,  e,  e,  i,  I,  u,  o,  o.  If  a  writer  is  content 
to  transliterate  for  the  eye  alone,  then  fetha, 
kesra,  and  damma  will  be  represented  respec- 
tively by  a,  i,  and  u.  But  if  he  wishes  to 
indicate  more  correctly  the  native  pronun- 
ciation, then  the  following  rules  must  be 
observed  : — 

1.  When    preceded    or    followed    by    the 
strong  gutturals  or  the  emphatic  consonants, 
fetha,   is  pronounced  like  the  a  in       ask," 
kesra  like  the  i  in  "  bird,"  damma  like  an 
obscure  o,  approaching  to  o  with  the  gutturals. 

2.  In  shut  syllables  (i.e.,  syllables  ending 
in  a  consonant)  in  which  there  are  no  guttural 
or  emphatic  consonants,  and  in  open  syllables 
(i.e.,  syllables  ending  in  a  vowel)  which  do 
not  commence  with  nor  precede  a  guttural 
or   an   emphatic    consonant,    fetha   has   the 
sound  of  a  in  "  hat  "  or  of  e  in  "  men,"  kesra 
has  the  sound  of  i  in  "  pin,"  damma  that  of 
win  "  bull." 

3.  Before  and  after  r  doubled  orf  following 
a  or  u,  fetha  keeps  its  sound  of  a. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  to  be  able 
to  transliterate  correctly  the  Arabic  vowels 
or  to  give  them  their  correct  pronunciation, 
however  transliterated,  one  must  know  the 
consonants.  "  The  proper  shades  of  sound 
in  the  three  vowels  come  without  effort 
when  the  consonants  are  spoken  rightly 
and  naturally  "  (Wright's  '  Arabic  Grammar,* 
3rd  ed.,  vol.  i.  p.  8,  foot-note). 

ALEX.  RUSSELL,  M.A. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

BEES  AND  LUCKY  DAYS. — From  the  follow- 
ing passage  in  Wang  Shi-Chin's  '  Chi-pei- 
yau-tan,'  completed  in  1691  (Brit.  Mus. 
1533  1.  e.  3,  lib.  iii.  fol.  3b),  it  is  manifest 
that  some  Chinese  of  old  entertained  a  belief 
in  bees  living  in  direct  contact  with  the  gods 
(cf.  Mr.  Gomme's  work  quoted  at  10  S.  ix 
433,  col.  2)  :— 

"The  inhabitants  of  certain  mountains  south  of 
Yau-yiie  are  all  in  a  lifelong  ignorance  of  the 
calendar,  but  in  its  stead  they  observe  punctually 
every  morning  and  evening  the  hives  which  every 
family  keeps.  Whatever  day  the  bees  happen  to 
swarm,  is  deemed  unfailingly  lucky,  and  business 
of  all  kinds  is  favourably  transacted  on  it.  Should 
some  business  chance  to  be  unfinished  in  the  day,  it- 
is  put  off  till  another  occasion  of  bees  swarming. 
On  such  a  day  also  are  celebrated  ordinarily  the 
ceremonies  of  marriage  and  of  beginning  buildings. 
Thus,  swarm  in  whose  house  the  bees  may,  the 
neighbours  and  servants  go  round  the  place  with 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  igus. 


the  news  ;  indeed,  the  people  never  attempt  to  con- 
ceal the  fact.  Once  upon  a  time  a  trading  stranger 
oame  and  sojourned  in  the  locality  for  a  year,  and 
during  this  time  he  attentively  recorded  the  days 
when  bees  swarmed,  altogether  numbering  one 
hundred  and  odd.  On  his  return  home,  he  ex- 
amined the  calendar,  and  was  astonished  on  finding 
those  days  without  exception  marked  dies  cdbi  ; 
whereas  all  other  days  on  which  the  bees  did 
not  swarm  were  either  unlucky  or  void  of  import. 
•So  wonderful  is  the  mystic  instinct  of  these  animals, 
^which  enables  them  to  communicate  freely  with 
the  Creator." 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

THORNHILL  BRIDGE. — The  many  minor 
•changes  that  the  electrification  of  the  North 
London  tramways  are  effecting  need  not 
all  be  recorded,  but  this,  one  of  the  many 
'Canal  bridges  to  be  rebuilt,  is  of  some  small 
interest.  When  the  London  Canal  was 
planned  and  its  route  surveyed  during  1805-9, 
the  grass  lands  of  George  Thornhill  were  in- 
variably scheduled.  The  Act  52  Geo.  III., 
-which  authorized  the  undertaking  as  the 
Regent's  Canal,  has  a  clause  (civ.)  in  which 
the  proprietors  agree  to  construct  and  main- 
tain a  bridge  here  for  the  free  use  of  that 
landowner  and  his  servants.  Presumably 
it  was  of  little  use,  except  as  a  means  of 
communication  between  the  fields  that  were 
divided  by  the  canal,  and  it  did  not  become 
part  of  a  public  thoroughfare  until  the  Act 
(5  Geo.  IV.  cap.  clvi.,  passed  10  June,  1825, 
authorized  the  Battle  Bridge  and  Holloway 
Road  Company  to  construct  that  important 
artery  of  traffic  that  was  later  known  as  the 
Chalk  Road,  and  finally  as  the  Caledonian 
Road. 

The  direction  of  the  road  in  connexion 
with  this  bridge  is  peculiar.  Instead  of 
following  an  almost  straight  line,  w^hich 
would  have  kept  it  parallel  with  Maiden 
Lane  (York  Road),  it  comes  at  an  oblique 
angle  from  King's  Cross  to  the  bridge,  and 
passes  from  it  to  Copenhagen  Street,  before 
it  takes  a  more  or  less  direct  route  to  its 
destination.  The  fact  that  such  local  land- 
owners as  George  Thornhill  the  younger, 
J.  T.  and  S.  Pocock,  and  the  brothers  Cubitt 
were  original  proprietors  would  probably 
explain  this  remarkable  diversion  from 
a  direct  route. 

The  late  Mr.  Percy  Shadbolt  kindly  gave 
me  much  useful  information  on  the  early 
years  of  the  bridge.  The  canal  bank  on 
either  side  was  planted  with  willows,  of 
course  pollarded  ;  and  Sunday-morning  fish- 
ing from  the  bank  or  the  bridge  was  quite 
a  local  institution.  The  Thornhill  Tunnel, 
by  which  the  canal  passes  under  the 
higher  ground  of  Pentonville,  begins  a  few 


yards  to  the  east,  and  it  was  long  considered 
a  remarkable  piece  of  engineering,  which 
crowds  flocked  to  see. 

The  most  important  later  change  in  the 
bridge  was  the  advent  of  the  tramways 
under  the  Act  of  40  &  41  Viet.,  ch.  ccxix. 
and  now  it  is  finally  being  reconstructed 
and  widened.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

"  HANSED  "=  ADMITTED  TO  A  HANS. — 
The  above  word  is  sufficiently  rare  to  warrant 
a  notice.  It  occurs  three  times  on  p.  xv. 
of  E.E.T.S.  vol.  ci.,  being  extracts  from  the 
Commonplace  Book  of  Richard  Hill,  assistant 
to  a  London  haberdasher,  1508—36  : — 

"  The  day  of  my  hanseyng  at  Barow." 

"  Memorandum  that  I  was  hansed  at  Barqw  the 
XXth  day  of  May  a°  1508  and  ]>er  was  paid  for  my 
hance  Us.  Vllld.  ff." 

"  Memorandum  that  I  was  hannsid  at  Brigius 
[Bruges]  at  synsyn  [?  last]  marte  in  a°  1511  at  the 
goldyn  starre,  &  I  paid  for  my  hannce  &  my  dyner 
Us.  Hid.  ff." 

In  the  same  year  he  was  "  hansid  at  And- 
warpe."  It  is  presumed  that  foreign  money, 
or  florins,  is  meant  by  the  letters  ff. 

In  this  connexion  one  may  refer  to  the 
great  gild  of  the  Hanshouse  at  Beverley 
(temp.  Henry  I.)  in  Toulmin  Smith's  '  English 
Gilds,'  p.  151.  H.  P.  L. 

"  EVERY  MICKLE  MAKES  A  MUCKLE." — 
The  Times  of  17  July  contained  the  following  : 

"  The  crowd  of  Germans return  home each 

with  his  little  item  of  information.  That  item  may 
be  a  '  mickle,'  but '  every  mickle  makes  a  muckle.'  ' 

The  writer  evidently  supposes  that 
"  mickle  "  is  synonymous  with  "  little." 
But  "  mickle  "  and  "  muckle  "  really  mean 
the  same  thing,  being  dialect  forms,  equiva- 
lent to  the  standard  English  "  much."  The 
original  form  of  the  adage  has  "  little " 
instead  of  "  mickle."  In  Cumberland  they 
say  "  Many  a  little  maks  a  mickle."  See 
'E.D.D.'  (s.v.  'Mickle')  for  the  forms  of 
the  adage  in  Lakeland,  Lancashire,  North- 
ampton, and  Berks.  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 
Oxford. 

[See  also  8  S.  iii.  348  ;  iv.  19,  158.] 

SHAKESPEARIAN  MEMORANDA. — If  the  fol- 
lowing facts  are  not  known,  they  may 
interest  some  of  your  readers.  Clement 
Swallowe  sues  John  Shakespeare  of  "  Stret- 
ford  upon  Aven,"  co.  Warwick,  yeoman, 
of  a  plea  that  he  render  unto  him  66s.  8d. 
which  he  unjustly  "  deteyns "  (Common 
Pleas,  Hil.  1  Elizabeth,  Roll  1177,  m.  211). 

An  Edward  Shakespere  is  one  of  the 
jury  of  the  Court  Baron  of  Sistam,  co.  Oxford, 
in  the  eighth  year  of  James  I.  See  an  un- 
calendared  Star  Chamber  suit,  Thomas 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


Browne  of  Sisham  v.  George  French,  Edward 
Shakespeare,  and  William  Woodcock,  B. 
•James  I. 

Browne  v.  Parsons  is  an  interesting  Strat- 
f  ord-on-Avon  suit,  with  depositions  of  many 
Stratford  tradesmen,  showing  ages.  7  James  I. 
13.  John  Hathway  is  one  of  the  homage  of 
Old  Stratford  at  the  Court  holden  23  April, 
36  Henry  VIII.,  and  at  the  Court  holden 
24  April,  37  Henry  VIII. 

John  Harthway  is  of  the  homage  9  May, 
'22  Henry  VIII. ,  and  at  the  same  Court  he 
is  elected  "  bedele." 

tAt  a  Court  holden  3  Oct.,  36  Henry  VIII., 
presentment  is  made  that  John  Hatheway 
.and  others  have  allowed  geese  to  stray  in 
the  divided  lands,  and  are  fined  20d.  each. 
EC.  Court  Rolls  in  the  Public  Record 
Office.  GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wands  worth,  S.W. 


<§  turns. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


THEATRE  AT  HAMPSTEAD.  —  Perhaps  MR. 
~Ej.  E.  NEWTON  or  some  other  Hampstead 
•correspondent  may  be  able  to  supply  in- 
formation regarding  this  suburban  place 
of  amusement,  which,  in  the  first  quarter 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  appears  to  have 
.attracted  the  wilder  spirits  of  the  metropolis. 
I  can  find  no  reference  to  it  in  Park's  '  Topo- 
graphy of  Hampstead,'  although  a  facsimile 
of  a  playbill,  announcing  a  performance  at 
*l  the  Theatre,  near  the  Square,  Hamp- 
stead," on  5  Jan.,  1807,  will  be  found  in 

*  The  Hampstead  Annual '   for   1900.     This 
probably  refers  to  a  different  theatre  from 
that  of  1723. 

The  subjoined  cutting  is  from  The  West- 
minster Gazette  for  7  September  : — 

"In  one  regard,  the  Anglo-French  'entente 
•cordiale'  of  neo-Edwardian  days  has  not  produced 
as  striking  a  result  as  that  which  distinguished  the 
•earliest  Georgian  times,  for  in  1723  there  was  regu- 
larly issued  for  some  period  an  English  and  French 
^News  Journal,  in  which  all  the  contents  were  given 
in  parallel  columns  in  the  two  languages.  These 
•contents,  indeed,  were  much  varied,  for  they  led  off 
with  a  serial  story,  *  The  History  of  Miss  Kate,'  or, 
Alternatively,  *  Histoire  de  Mademoiselle  Cathos,' 
with  *  This  Piece  to  be  continued  in  our  Next'  and 

*  On  aura  la  continuance  de  cette  a  venture  dans  le 
Papier  suivant'   respectively,   in    a  manner  made 
much  more  familiar  since.     There  followed   many 
short  items  of  foreign  and  English  news,  including 
a  reference  to  'Le  ci-devarit   Vicomte  de  Boling- 
fcroke '—quaintly  termed  'the  late  Lord  Viscount 
I3olingbroke '  on  the   English  side  of  the  paper— 


which  reads  as  singularly  now  as  the  announcement 
that 4  Samedi  pass6  environ  40  Conne"tables  saiserent 
les  Acteurs  a  Hampstead,  et  les  mirent  dans  lea 
prisons  de  cette  Ville,'  which  is  an  early  and 
ominous  mention  of  the  perils  of  suburban  theatrical 
management.  Even  the  advertisements  are,  in  the 
main,  given  in  both  languages,  though  one  is  in 
French  alone  and  two  in  English  ;  and  a  statement 
that  the  Duke  of  Orleans  had  taken  the  oaths  as 
'Prime  Minister'  to  Louis  XV.  in  the  English 
version  and  as  '  Premier  Miriistre '  is  of  special 
interest  to  students  of  the  evolution  and  history  of 
that  important  political  term." 
The  last  part  of  the  extract  has  an  interesting 
bearing  on  the  discussions  that  have  from 
time  to  time  appeared  in  these  columns 
on  the  title  of  "  Prime  Minister." 

W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

[The  references  to  "Prime  Minister"  alluded  to 
by  COL.  PRIDE AUX  are  8  S.  x.  357,  438  ;  xi.  69,  151, 
5lO  ;  xii.  55,  431 ;  9  S.  ii.  99  ;  iii.  15,  52,  109,  273,  476 ; 
iv.  34 ;  v.  94,  213,  416  ;  10  S.  ix.  425.] 

"  STUMPY  &  ROWDY." — Is  this  a  tradi- 
tional literary  name  for  a  firm  of  bankers  ? 
If  so,  who  originated  it  ?  Thackeray  more 
than  once  uses  it  ('  Little  Dinner  at  Tim- 
mins's)  ;  and  Cuthbert  Bede,  in  *  Verdant 
Green,'  chap,  v.,  makes  little  Mr.  Bouncer 
write  :  "  P.S.  I  hope  Stump  &  Rowdy  have 
got  something  for  me,  because  I  want  some 
tin  very  bad. 'Y  C.  W.  B. 

STOKE,  WIRRAL,  PARISH  REGISTERS. — 
If  any  of  your  readers  can  tell  me  whether 
the  parish  registers  of  Stoke,  or  Stoak,  in 
the  Wirral  district  of  Cheshire,  have  been 
printed,  I  shall  be  much  obliged.  H.  J.  B. 

New  Zealand. 

SERGEANT  VALENTINE  H.  BLAKE. — On 
5  Nov.,  1857,  Valentine  Henry  Blake  arrived 
in  Christchurch,  New  Zealand.  He  told  his 
family  very  little  of  his  early  life.  An  army 
discharge  which  is  in  their  possession  states 
that  he  was  a  sergeant  in  the  17th  Regiment 
of  Foot,  which  he  joined  1  Dec.,  1848  ;  and 
that  he  was  born  in  the  town  of  Galway, 
Ireland.  He  left  a  Crimean  medal,  granted 
to  "No.  2778,  Sergt.  Valentine  H.  Blake, 
17th  Regt.  Crimea  :  Sebastopol."  He  died 
at  Christchurch  in  November,  1899. 

It  is  believed  that  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Blake  family  of  Galway.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  help  me  ?  H.  G.  ELL. 

Christchurch,  N.Z. 

SAINT-HILAIRE,  POITIERS. — The  rebuilding 
of  this  church  after  its  destruction  by  the 
Normans  was  commenced  in  the  middle 
of  the  tenth  century  by  the  wife  of  Wil- 
liam IV.,  Duke  of  Aquitaine  and  Count 
of  Poitou,  and  some  doubt  exists  as  to  the 
identity  of  this  lady. 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  OCT.  10, 1908. 


M.  de  Longuemar  in  his  history  of  Saint- 
Hilaire-le-Grand  says,  on  p.  29,  that  it  was 
reconstructed  by  the  orders  of  Adele  of 
England,  wife  of  William  IV.,  by  a  Saxon 
architect  named  Gauthier  or  Walter  Coor- 
land.  Inkersley  in  his  work  on  the  architec- 
ture of  France  quotes,  on  p.  42,  ex  MS.  Chron. 
Malliacense,  "  Istud  monasterium  magna 
ex  parte  construxerat  Regina  Anglorum  per 
manus  Gauterij  Coolelandi."  And  Prof. 
Freeman,  speaking  of  this  building  in  his 
'  Sketches  from  French  Travel,'  says  : — 

"  We  have  some  difficulty  in  believing  that  there 
is  anything  in  the  present  Saint  Hilary  in  which 
our  Emma  or  Aelfgifu,  wife  of  two  kings,  mother  of 
two  kings,  could  have  had  a  hand." 
Who  was  Adele  of  England,  and  why  is  she 
described  as  Regina  Anglorum  ?  Is  it  likely 
that  Emma,  whose  active  life  was  passed 
elsewhere,  should  have  been  concerned  in  the 
affairs  of  Poitiers  ?  Is  anything  else  known 
of  the  "  Saxon  architect  "  Walter  Coorland  ? 
His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

J.  TAVENOR-PERRY. 
5,  Burlington  Gardens,  Chiswick. 

INQUISITION  AND  JEWS. — I  have  an  auto- 
graph letter  dated  Madrid,    11   July,    1680, 
which  contains  a  short  account  of  an  auto 
da  fe  : — 
HoNd  Sr 

The  Auto  general  de  la  Inquisition  woh  was 

held  here  on  ye  30th  past  was  a  very  solemne  & 
great  thing,  the  particulars  too  many  for  a  letter, 
however  if  no  relation  of  it  come  forth  in  print,  I 
will  send  you  the  best  description  I  can  by  ye  next 
post.  About  6  of  ye  clock  that  evening  19  Jewes 
were  carryed  to  ye  place  of  execution,  being  halfe  a 
musket  shot  out  of  town,  those  wch  were  reduced  to 
ye  xtian  belief e  being  12  in  number  were  first 
strangled  &  then  burnt,  the  other  7  vie8  6  men  &  one 
woman  were  thrown  into  the  fire  a  live,  the  execu- 
tion was  not  finished  untill  3  of  ye  clock  in  ye 

morning Hond  Sr 

Yr  Hon"  most  faithfull  & 

most  obed*  Servant 

Sr  Rich.  Bulstrode.  RICH.  FITZ  GERALD. 

It  is  addressed  "  A  Monsieur  Monsr  Le  Cheur 
Bulstrode  Resident  du  Roy  de  la  Grande 
Bretagne  a  Bruxelles." 

To  what  books  should  I  refer  to  ascertain 
the  names  of  the  martyrs  ?  I  should  also 
be  glad  of  some  account  of  Richard  FitzGerald 
and  Sir  Richard  Bulstrode. 

ISRAEL  SOLOMONS. 
91,  Portsdown  Road,  W. 

[The  Oxford  University  Press  has  just  published 
a  volume  entitled  'Auto  de  Fe  and  Jew,'  by  Elkan 
JNathan  Adler.  The  auto  de  fe"  mentioned  in  the 
above  letter  is  included  in  the  table  of  autos  in 
Spain  (p.  114),  but  the  number  of  Jews  who  suffered 
on  this  occasion  is  not  stated.  Fuller  details  will 
be  found  in  Dr.  H.  C.  Lea's  four  volumes,  '  A  His- 
tory of  the  Inquisition  of  Spain  '  (Macmillan  &  Co.). 

A  life  of  Sir  Richard  Bulstrode  is  in  the  '  D.N.B.'j 


JOHN  EYRE  COVENTRY. — I  am  searching 
for  the  family  of  John  Eyre  Coventry,  whose 
son  James  matriculated  at  Trin.  Col.,  Oxford 
13  Nov.,  1771.  I  shall  be  grateful  for  any 
information.  JOHN  EYRE  SPARROW. 

Ashford  House,  Talybont-on-Usk,  S.  Wales. 

MR.  LAUDER,  SCOTTISH  VOCALIST. — Does 
the  following  advertisement,  which  appeared 
in  The  Public  Advertiser  on  Friday,  27  Jan.,. 
1758,  refer  to  a  progenitor  of  the  Harry 
Lauder  of  to-day  ? 

Benefit  of  Mr.  Lauder. 

At  the  new  Theatre  in  the  Haymarket 

Will  be  performed  the  Scots  Musical  Pastoral, 

Pa  tie  and  Roger 
Or  the  Gentle  Shepherd. 

In  which  Mr.  Lauder  will  introduce  several 
Favourite  Scots  songs.  Doors  open  at  five,  to  begin 
at  six  o'clock.  Boxes,  5s. ;  Pit,  3s. ;  Gallery,  2s. 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

"  ANTONIO  NATI,  ROMANO." — I  shall  be 
very  glad  if  any  of  your  readers  can  put  me 
in  the  way  of  identifying  this  man,  to  whom 
the  book  copied  in  MS.  Bodl.  Add.  C.  181 
was  dedicated  in  1591. 

R.  J.  WHITWELL. 
70,  Banbury  Road,  Oxford. 

RED-TAIL  KNIGHTS. — What  were  these  ? 
In  '  The  Epicure's  Almanack,'  1815,  is  the 

following  : — • 

;< Whether  or  not  this  tavern  ["The  Crown'' 
Tavern  and  Chop-House  in  Clifford's  Inn  Passage,. 
Fleet  Street]  be  a  rendezvous  for  the  red-tail 
Knights  and  their  esquires,  we  cannot  state." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMICHAEL. 

CHURCH  OF  LLANTWIT  MAJOR. — Where 
could  I  find  a  good  account  of  this  interesting 
building  ?  It  is  briefly  described  in  The 
Reliquary,  N.S.  iv.  278,  but  I  should  like- 
to  hear  of  a  fuller  account.  To  what  monas- 
tery was  it  attached  ?  and  is  the  parochial 
part  earlier  or  later  than  the  monastic  ? 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

KNIPHOFIA.  —  The  genus  of  plants  the 
flowers  of  which  make  a  showy  appearance 
in  our  gardens  in  the  late  summer  and  early 
autumn  is  usually  called  by  florists  Tritoma. 
But  it  is  remarked  in  '  The  Century  Dic- 
tionary '  that  Kniphofia  (a  name  given  by 
Monch  in  1794,  after  Prof.  Kniphof  of  Erfurt) 
has  the  priority,  and  the  other  has  given 
way  to  it.  Perhaps  that  remark  applies 
most  to  America  ;  I  have  not  heard  the 
name  Kniphofia  in  England.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  indicate  the  first  use  of  Tritoma,. 
which  does  not  seem  a  very  appropriate 
designation  ?  The  species  usually  found  in 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


our  gardens  is  called  both  T.  aloides  and 
T.  uvaria.  There  are  many  English  aliases  : 
flame-flower,  torch-lily,  red-hot  poker,  and 
perhaps  others.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

AMPHILIS,  FEMALE  NAME. — What  is  the 
origin  of  this  name  ?  I  cannot  trace  it 
back  earlier  than  the  sixteenth  century, 
though  I  have  met  with  "  Amflota "  in 
records  two  or  three  centuries  earlier. 

W.  F.  C. 

AMPHILLIS   HYDE. — When   did   this   lady 
die  ?     The  date  is  obliterated  on  her  grave- 
stone in  Salisbury  Cathedral,  and  it  is  desired 
to  have  the  inscription  restored.     She  was 
the  widow  of  Laurence  Hyde  of  Heale,  Wilts, 
and  The  Close,   Salisbury,  and  daughter  of 
Sir  Richard  Tichbourne  of  Winchester,  Kt., 
and  his  first  wife  Helen  White.     She  was 
living  in  1651,  for  she  sheltered  Charles  II. 
at  Heale  during  his  flight  after  Worcester  ; 
but  she  must  have  died  before   1660.     Be 
tween  1649  and   1660  there  are  no  entrie 
of  burials  in  the  register  of  Salisbury  Cathe 
dral.     Her    daughter    Helen,    wife    of    Sir 
John  Lowe,  was  buried  in  October,    1661 
and  the  inscription  on  her  gravestone  states 
that  she  was  a  daughter  of  Lawrence  anc 
Amphillis  Hyde  "  juxta  intumulatis." 

J.  J.  H. 
Salisbury. 

SIB  ALEXANDER  BRETT. — Can  any  one 
give  me  information  concerning  the  family 
of  Sir  Alexander  Brett  ?  He  was  Surveyor 
of  the  Ordnance,  and  one  of  the  colonels  in 
Buckingham's  ill-starred  expedition  to  the 
island  of  Rh6,  where  Brett  was  killed  in 
1627.  SENEX. 

ABRAHAM  WHITTAKER. — The  first  Earl 
of  Stradbroke  married,  en  secondes  noces, 
1792,  Charlotte  Maria,  daughter  of  Abraham 
Whittaker.  Can  any  one  tell  me  the  name 
of  Abraham's  wife  ?  KATHLEEN  WARD. 

Castle  Ward,  Downpatrick. 

FRENCH  PEERAGE.— I  shall  be  glad  if 
some  one  will  inform  me  whether  there  is 
any  publication  which  contains  the  pedigrees 
of  the  present  representatives  of  the  French 
nobility.  If  there  is  such  a  publication, 
I  shall  be  glad  to  know  where  it  can  be  pur- 
chased or  consulted. 

R.  VAUGHAN  GOWER. 

Ferndale  Lodge,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

•(A,in  i!  A^rnu£ire  de  la  Noblesse  de  France,'  com- 
IHf*.  by  M-  Borel  d'Hauterive,  was  mentioned  at 
9  b.  i.  15.  Older  genealogical  works  are  cited  at 
pp.  171  and  478  of  the  same  volume.] 


DUKE  OF  BRUNSWICK. — Which  of  the 
Dukes  of  Brunswick  is  commemorated  in 
the  Brunswick  Hotel  on  the  riverside  at 
Blackwall,  and  the  Brunswick  Hotel  in 
Jermyn  Street,  Piccadilly  ? 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

BADGES  ON  BOOK-PLATES. — I  shall  be 
glad  to  be  referred  to  any  lists  of  book-plates 
charged  with  the  badges  of  their  owners. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

LADY  CHAPELS. — I  shall  be  glad  if  any 
of  your  correspondents  can  give  me  informa- 
tion on  the  following  points  : — 

1.  In  the  case  of  an  ancient  church  did 
the  fact  of  its  dedication  to  St.  Mary  the 
Virgin  make  any  difference  in  regard  to  the 
customary  addition  of  a  Lady  Chapel  with 
its  separate  altar,  similarly  dedicated  ? 

2.  Would  it  be  possible,  in  mediaeval  times, 
for  a  Lady  Chapel  to  be  appropriated  to  any 
particular  house  ?  INQUISITOR. 

THELMA  :  ITS  DERIVATION. — Could  one 
of  your  readers  kindly  oblige  me  with  the 
derivation  or  the  meaning  of  the  name 
Thelma  ?  I  particularly  wish  to  know 
whether  Thelma,  which  I  believe  to  be 
Slavonic,  has  any  connexion  with  the  Arabic 
name  Zuleima.  RESEARCH. 

GENERAL  JOHN  WHEELER  CLEVELAND, 
H.E.I.C. — His  sister  Jane  married  Edward 
Williams,  who  was  drowned  with  Shelley. 
Another  sister  married  a  General  Baird. 
Any  clue  to  the  descent  of  Cleveland, 
Williams,  and  Baird  will  oblige.  Is  it 

?ossible  there  was  any  connexion  between 
ohn    Cleveland    and    the    poet    Cleveland, 
supposed    son    of    Oliver    Cromwell,    alias 
Williams  ?  A.  C.  H. 

CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY. — Can  any  one  tell  me  at  what 
period  of  the  eighteenth  century  the  death 
punishment  reached  its  maximum,  and 
where  I  can  see  a  list  of  the  offences  for 
which  it  was  incurred  ?  A.  O.  V.  P. 

JOHN  MAPLETOFT,  1631-1720. — Can  any 
reader  inform  me  if  there  exists  a  portrait 
of  John  Mapletoft,  Gresham  Professor  of 
Physic,  subsequently  Rector  of  Braybrooke, 
Northants,  and  of  St.  Lawrence,  Jewry  ? 

J.  A.  NIXON. 

18,  West  Mall,  Clifton. 

CLAUGH    FAMILY. — William    Claugh    was 
a   freeholder   at  Basingstoke   in    1705,   and 
voted  in  the  county  election  of  that  year. 
Joseph  (?)  Claugh  is  said  to  have  married 
Bridger  of  Lyss,  Hants,  and  emigrated 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        po  s.  x.  OCT.  io,im 


to  Cambridge,  Boston,  Mass.,  about  1800. 
Is  it  known  where  they  married  ?  Records 
of  the  former  family  (which  is  seldom  met 
with)  would  oblige.  F.  K.  P. 

.ALDERMAN'S  WALK. — This  is  a  narrow 
lane  off  Bishopsgate,  between  St.  Botolph's 
Church  and  a  fish  restaurant.  The  history 
of  this  obscure  passage  should  be  interesting, 
and  perhaps  some  student  of  the  City's  past 
will  favour  me  with  the  particulars. 

M.  L.  R.  BBESLAB. 

JOHN  BUTLER  of  Mullaghowny,  co.  Tip- 
perary  (temp.  Charles  I.),  was  descended 
from  Piers  Butler,  youngest  son  of  the  ninth 
Earl  of  Ormonde,  through  the  Butlers  of 
Kilmoyler.  Can  you  tell  me  which  of  the 
latter  was  his  father,  or  to  what  sources  I 
should  go  for  this  information  ?  LECTOR. 

ARACHNE  HOUSE,  STRAND-ON-THE-GREEN. 
— Some  celebrated  person  lived  here  about 
1820.  I  have  lost  the  reference,  and  should 
be  glad  to  get  the  information. 

NEL  MEZZO. 


LONDON  STATUES  AND  MEMORIALS. 

(10  S.  ix.  1,  102,  282,  363,  481  ;   x.  122,  211, 

258.) 

I  DESIRE  to  offer  my  sincere  thanks  to 
those  who  have  so  kindly  helped  to  perfect 
my  list,  and  I  am  particularly  grateful  to  MR. 
HARLAND-OXLEY  for  his  valuable  contribu- 
tion at  the  penultimate  reference.  I  may  say 
in  passing  that  I  have  in  my  possession  a 
considerable  quantity  of  additional  informa- 
tion respecting  most  of  the  memorials,  in- 
cluding the  names  of  the  sculptors,  &c.,  ; 
but  I  hesitated  to  overload  the  pages  of 
4  N.  &  Q.'  with  more  than  the  barest  details. 
I  now  wish  to  add  a  few  words  by  way  of 
reply  to  MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY,  but  must 
first  thank  him  for  his  kind  offer  to  supply 
the  inscription  on  Bishop  Heber's  statue. 
As,  however,  I  have  already  copied  it,  there 
will  be  no  need  to  trouble  him. 

72.  Statue  of  Queen  Anne,  Queen  Anne's 
Gate,  Westminster.  —I  am  afraid  it  will 
never  be  decided  who  was  the  sculptor  of  this 
statue.  I  think,  however,  the  evidence  is 
decidedly  in  favour  of  Francis  Bird.  It  is 
strange  how  critics  differ  in  their  estimate  of 
the  statue  as  a  work  of  art.  MR.  HARLAND- 
OXLEY  says,  "  It  would  appear  to  be  not  by 
any  means  the  worst  of  our  statues."  MR 
J.  STANDISH  HALY  (7  S.  viii.  225)  charac- 
terizes it  as  "  really  a  beautiful  one."  In 


Bohn's  '  Pictorial  Handbook  of  London ' 
it  is  said  to  be  "a  quaint  statue  of  the  old 
school  "  ;  while  the  late  Mr.  Edward  Walford 
('Old  and  New  London,'  iv.  42;  and  7  S. 
viii.  332)  considered  it  to  be  "a  very  poor 
specimen  of  art."  In  '  Westminster,'  by 
Augustus  J.  C.  Hare,  I  find  the  following 
item  concerning  it : — 

"  It  is  a  belief  in  the  neighbourhood  that  on  each 
anniversary  of  her  death  the  Queen  descends  from 
her  pedestal  and  walks  three  times  round  the 
square." 

77a.  Statue  of  George  Canning. — Possibly 
MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  is  correct  in  his  sur- 
mise as  to  the  exact  position  this  statue 
first  occupied.  I  can  only  say  that  in  The 
Penny  Magazine  of  31  May,  1832,  was  an 
engraving  of  the  statue  and  the  statement 
that  it  had  "just  been  erected  by  subscription 
in  Palace  Yard."  The  Mirror  of  14  July, 
1832,  also  published  an  engraving  of  the  statue 
and  referred  to  it  as  lately  "  placed  in  Old 
Palace  Yard,  Westminster." 

776.  Statue  of  Sir  Robert  Peel. — I  am 
sorry  I  am  unable  to  specify  the  exact  site 
originally  occupied  by  this  statue.  Haydn 
('Dictionary  of  Dates,'  1889)  says  "near 
Westminster  Abbey,  1868,  Parliament  Square 
1877." 

A  correspondent  informs  me  that  a 
statue  of  a  schoolboy  which  formerly  stood 
within  the  precincts  of  the  Rev.  Alex. 
Lindsey's  Unitarian  Church,  Essex  Street, 
Strand,  is  now  placed  in  The  Mall,  Netting 
Hill  Gate.  It  depicts  a  schoolboy  seated, 
book  in  hand.  On  the  pedestal  are  in- 
scribed the  names  of  the  founders  of  Sunday 
schools,  commencing  with  St.  Charles 
Borromeo  (1580),  Raikes,  Pounds,  and 
others. 

I  am  also  told  that  a  statue  of  the  late 
Queen  Victoria,  sculptured  by  the  Princess 
Louise  (Duchess  of  Argyle),  stands  in 
Kensington  Gardens.  Will  some  one  kindly 
supply  particulars  ? 

I  have  a  copy  of  Ralph's  book  alluded  to 
by  R.  S.  B.  (10  S.  ix.  482),  but  it  contains 
little  or  no  information  of  value  on  the 
subject. 

I  take  this  opportunity  of  thanking  the 
solitary  correspondent  who,  in  response  to 
my  request  at  10  S.  ix.  364,  favoured  me  with 
a  picture  post  card  of  the  Beaconsfield  statue. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

With  reference  to  the  query  of  MR.  PAGE 
as  to  the  statue  of  Lord  Eldon  "  at  Wands - 
worth  Road  Schools  "  (ante,  p.  123),  I  would 
state  that  the  correct  name  of  the  school 
is  the  Eldon  School,  as  appears  in  partly 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


obliterated  characters  over  the  doorway. 
The  statue  is  still  in  what  was  probably  its 
original  position,  viz.,  on  the  front  of  the 
building,  between  the  windows  on  the  first 
floor.  The  school,  I  hear,  is  to  be  shortly 
demolished,  prior  to  re-erection  ;  but  whether 
on  the  same  or  another  site  I  could  not 
ascertain.  At  present  it  is  in  a  very  bad 
state,  the  greater  part  of  the  windows  being 
broken.  The  date  1818  appears  on  the 
front. 

With  reference  to  the  new  "  Paul's 
Cross "  (ante,  p.  123),  a  short  account  of 
what  is  stated  to  be  "  Mr.  Reginald  Blom- 
field's  fine  design,"  together  with  an  illus- 
tration, appeared  in  The  Daily  Graphic  of 
Saturday,  22  August.  The  design  consists 
of  a  raised  platform,  enclosed  by  a  baluster 
wall  of  Portland  stone  and  black  marble 
standing  on  three  steps.  On  three  sides 
of  the  enclosure  are  bronze  commemoration 
panels.  In  the  fourth  side  is  a  bronze  gate 
giving  access  to  steps  leading  up  to  the 
platform,  from  which  open-air  preaching 
is  possible  on  three  sides.  In  the  centre  is  a 
lofty  pedestal  with  escutcheons  on  the 
panels  and  moulded  trusses  at  the  angles, 
supporting  four  cherubs  holding  swags, 
which  surround  the  base  of  the  column. 
The  column  is  of  the  Doric  order,  supporting 
a  short  pedestal,  on  which  is  a  bronze  figure 
of  St.  Paul,  9  ft.  high.  With  the  exception 
of  the  black  marble  and  bronze  figures,  the 
material  to  be  used  is  Portland  stone.  The 
dimensions  are  as  follows  :  Diameter  of 
enclosing  wall,  out  to  out,  24  ft.  Height 
from  pavement  level  to  under  side  of  base 
of  column,  17  ft.  6  in.  Total  height  of 
monument  from  pavement  to  top  of  bronze 
figure,  52  ft.  The  figure  and  ornament 
have  been  modelled  by  Mr.  Bertram  Mac- 
Kennal. 

In  what  was  once  Beaufort  Buildings, 
Strand,  is  "a  gilt  statue  of  Count  Peter 
of  Savoy,  over  the  entrance  of  the  modern 
Savoy  Hotel,  which  rises  on  the  site  of  Count 
Peter's  former  palace."  These  particulars 
are  from  a  supplement  to  'The  Sphere  of 
26  May,  1906,  in  which  a  coloured  illustra- 
tion will  be  found. 

The  statue  of  Charles  II.,  once  in  the  centre 
of  Soho  Square,  seems  to  have  been  the 
crowning  ornament  of  a  fountain :  "  On 
a  high  pedestal  is  his  Majesty's  statue,  and 
at  his  feet  lie  the  representatives  of  the  four 
principal  rivers  in  England,  Thames,  Trent, 
Humber,  and  Severn,  with  subscriptions 
under  each."  I  give  this  on  the  authority  of 

*  Anglise  Notitia,'  1694.     In  1839  Allen  in  his 

*  History  of  London  '  stated  :  "  They  are  now 


in  a  most  wretchedly  mutilated  state,  and  the 
inscriptions  on  the  base  of  the  pedestal  are 
quite  illegible."  On  the  authority  of  The 
Builder,  29  July,  1876,  it  can  be  stated  that 
this  statue  was  remoyed  in  the  summer  of 
that  year  to  the  grounds  of  Mr.  Frederick 
Goodall,  R.A.,  at  Harrow  Weald,  and  an 
octagonal  tool-house  erected  on  the  site. 
See  Wheatley's  '  London,  Past  and  Present,' 
vol.  iii.  p.  267. 

The  statue  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland 
once  in  Cavendish  Square  "  was  taken  down 
in  1868,  in  order,  as  was  understood,  to  be 
repaired  or  recast "  ;  but  inquiries  have 
failed  to  trace  that  either  the  one  or  the 
other  was  done.  The  statue  was  the  work 
of  John  Cheere. 

With  reference  to  the  statue  of  George  IV. 
at  Battle  Bridge  (King's  Cross),  Wheatley 
in  '  London,  Past  and  Present,'  vol.  i.  p.  130, 
says  it  was  erected  in  1836  by  Stephen 
Geary, 

"a  most  execrable  performance,  cleverly  burlesqued 
by  Cruikshank,  and  not  iinfairly  represented  by 
Pugin  in  his  amusing  '  Contrasts.  The  statue  was 
taken  down  in  1845,  deposited  in  a  mason's  yard, 
and  broken  up." 

There  are  still  a  few  additions  to  be  made 
to  the  lists  already  given. 

In  the  centre  of  the  ground  in  front  of 
Wesley's  Chapel  in  City  Road  is  a  statue 
to  John  Wesley,  the  founder  of  Methodism. 
It  is  the  work  of  the  late  Adams-Acton. 
The  statue  stands  on  a  pedestal  of  polished 
red  granite,  which  is  in  turn  placed  on  a  large 
block  of  stone.  Upon  the  latter  is  simply 
the  name  "  Wesley "  in  large  letters.  At 
the  base  of  the  granite  pedestal  is  inscribed 
"  Erected  with  funds  collected  |  by  the 
Children  of  Methodism."  Cast  in  the  base 
of  the  statue  itself  are  the  words,  "  The 
World  is  my  parish,"  the  whole  being  a  very 
suitable  memorial,  plain  and  unostentatious, 
of  this  notable  Englishman.  It  was  un- 
veiled on  2  March,  1891,  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Moulton,  then  President  of  the  Con- 
ference, during  the  celebration  of  the  cen- 
tenary of  Wesley's  death.  Dean  Farrar, 
the  Right  Hon.  H.  H.  Fowler,  M.P.  (now 
Viscount  Wolverhampton),  the  Earl  of 
Carlisle,  the  Rev.  Stopford  Brooke,  the 
Rev.  H.  Price  Hughes,  and  many  other 
representative  men  were  present. 

The  two  porches  (east  and  west)  of 
St.  Margaret's  Church,  Westminster,  are 
virtually  to  be  classed  among  our  London 
memorials.  The  former  was  built  by  Lady 
Sherbrooke  as  a  memorial  of  her  late 
husband  Lord  Sherbrooke  (Robert  Lowe, 
M.P.),  of  whom  it  contains  a  life-like  bust. 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  iocs. 


I  described  this  fully  at  8  S.  xi.  304.  It  is 
correctly  known  as  the  Sherbrooke  Porch. 

The  west  porch  may  be  as  correctly  deno- 
minated the  Farrar  porch,  for  it  was  built 
while  Dr.  Farrar  was  rector  by  funds  pro- 
vided through  his  advocacy,  and  now  contains 
the  memorial  placed  there  by  his  assistant 
curates.  The  porch  was  opened  without 
any  public  ceremony  on  Sunday,  12  April, 
1891.  The  memorial  is  on  the  south  wall 
of  the  porch,  and  was  unveiled  on  Monday, 
21  Nov.,  1904,  by  Viscount  Peel.  It  consists 
of  a  bronze  medallion  set  in  a  stone  frame, 
and  bears  the  following  inscription  : — 

"Frederick    William    Farrar,    D.D.,    F.R.S.,  I 
1831-1903,  |  Head  master  of  Marlborough,   1871.  | 
Rector  of  St.  Margaret's,  1876.  |  Dean  of  Canter- 
bury, 1895.  |  Love  gave  him  light  to  know  his  Lord, 
|  To  teach  and  serve  his  fellow-men.  |  Erected  by 
his  Assistant  Curates." 

As  both  these  porches  are  only  screened  by 
slight  open-work  iron  gates,  they  may, 
I  think,  be  considered  as  public  memorials, 
and  treated  as  such.  An  illustration  of  the 
unveiling  ceremony  appeared  in  The  Daily 
Graphic  of  the  following  day. 

In  Rochester  Row,  in  a  space  between 
St.  Stephen's  Church  and  a  portion  of  the 
school  buildings,  is  a  drinking  fountain  of 
polished  grey  granite,  in  the  Gothic  style, 
upon  which,  on  a  ribbon  scroll,  is  the 
following  inscription  :  "  The  Gift  |  of  the 
Baroness  j  Burdett  Coutts  |  to  St.  Stephen's 
i  Schools.  |  1882."  This,  like  some  other 
drinking  fountains,  is  often  without  a  supply 
of  water,  and  is  in  a  dilapidated  state  at 
the  present  time. 

In  the  grounds  in  front  of  the  Licensed 
Victuallers'  Asylum  in  Asylum  Road,  Old 
Kent  Road,  is  a  marble  statue  of  the  Prince 
Consort,  designed  and  executed  by  the  late 
Thomas  Earle,  of  Vincent  Street,  Brompton, 
the  cost  being  between  600Z.  and  700/. 
On  the  front  of  the  pedestal  appear  the 
Prince's  arms  only.  On  the  left-hand  side 
the  inscription  is  :  "  H.R.H.  |  Albert  Francis 
Augustus  |  Charles  Emanuel  j  The  |  Prince 
Consort  |  Patron  of  the  Institution  |  Born 
26th  ?  August,  1819  |  Died  14th  December, 
1861."  In  the  back  panel  the  inscription 
reads  :  "  Erected  |  A.D.  1863  |  as  |  a  Lasting 
Tribute  of  Respect  |"  To  |  the  Memory  of  | 
Albert  the  Good."  On  the  right-hand  side  : 
"  Inaugurated  |  By  |  H.R.H.  |  the  |  Prince  of 
Wales  |  Patron  of  the  Institution  I  Aueust 
9th  |  1864." 

At  Greenwich  Hospital,  on  the  terrace, 
in  front  of  the  gates,  is  a  granite  obelisk 
erected  as  a  "  memorial  to  the  gallant  young 
Frenchman  Joseph  Rene  Bellot,  who  perished 


in  the  search  for  Sir  John  Franklin,  August, 
1853."  In  the  north-west  corner  of  the 
ground  is  another  obelisk,  put  up  in  memory 
of  several  officers  who  fell  during  the  Indian 
Mutiny.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 


ADDISON' s  MATERNAL  ANCESTRY  (10  S.  x. 
201 ). — Dr.  Nathaniel  Gulston  held  the  rectory 
of  Lyndon,  Rutland,  as  well  as  the  rectory 
of  Wymondham,  Leicestershire,  until  his 
death.  The  former  living  is  described  as 
"  void  by  death  of  Nath.  Gulson "  at  the 
appointment  of  his  Puritan  successor,  5  Feb., 
1647/8  (Shaw,  'History  of  the  English 
Church  during  the  Civil  Wars,'  &c.,  vol.  ii. 
p.  351). 

The  REV.  A.  H.  LEE  has  kindly  sent  the 
following  entries  in  Wymondham  parish 
register  of  the  marriages  of  two  of  Dr. 
Nathaniel  Gulston' s  sisters  : — 

"  Robert  Hill  and  Dorothy  Gulston  were  married 
eighth  day  of  December,  1603." 

"Joseph  Stubbs  and  Mary  Gulston  were  married 
December,  1604." 

The  will  of  Dr.  William  Gulston,  Bishop 
of  Bristol,  dated  22  March,  1683/4,  proved 
P.C.C.  (160  Lloyd)  2  Dec.,  1686,  in  which  he 
desires  burial  "  near  the  altar  "  at  Symonds- 
bury,  confirms  a  grant  made  in  trust  by 
deed  of  the  advowson  of  Symondsbury,  and 
leaves  10Z.  to  the  poor  of  that  parish,  mentions 
his  daughter  Anne  Gulston  (under  twenty- 
one),  his  son  Seamer  Gulston,  his  sister  Eliza- 
beth, his  cousin  Jane  Stephens,  and  his 
sister-in-law  Mrs.  Frances  Gulston.  Anthony 
Addison  is  one  of  the  witnesses.  '  D.N.B.' 
(sub  Eustace  Budgell)  seems  to  be  mis- 
informed in  making  the  wife  of  Dr.  Gilbert 
Budgell,  and  mother  of  Eustace  Budgell, 
"  Mary,"  the  "  only  daughter  "  of  Bishop 
Gulston. 

Harwood,  'History  of  Lichfield,'  1806, 
gives  (p.  78)  two  monumental  inscriptions 
of  Lancelot  Addison  :  one  on  a  gravestone 
close  to  the  west  door  of  the  cathedral,  the 
other  on  a  large  mural  marble  on  the  north 
side  of  the  west  door.  The  latter  contains 
the  following  words :  "in  primis  nuptiis 
duxit  Janam  Nathan.  Gulston  armig.  filiam 
et  Gulielmi  Gulston  episcopi  Bristoliensis 
sororem."  In  another  place  (p.  186)  Har- 
wood describes  Lancelot  Addison  as  "  father 
of  the  elegant  Addison,  by  whom  the  two 
inscriptions  to  his  memory  were  written." 
Miss  Aikin  in  her  '  Life  of  Joseph  Addison  ' 
(vol.  i.  p.  16)  gives  a  monumental  inscription 
of  Lancelot  Addison  which  differs  in  several 
details  from  the  second  inscription  in  Har- 
wood, and_says  (p.  15)  that  this  is  "  the  com- 


io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  im]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


position  probably  of  Tickell,  since  a  copy 
of  it  in  his  handwriting  now  exists  among 
his  papers."  Perhaps  an  inscription  written 
by  Joseph  Addison  underwent  revision  and 
extension  after  his  death.  Miss  Aikin  says 
that  Joseph  Addison,  at  the  summit  of  his 
fortune  and  reputation,  designed  to  erect 
a  monument  to  his  father  in  Lichfield  Cathe- 
dral ;  that  he  did  not  live  to  see  the  com- 
pletion of  this  work  ;  and  that  it  was  finished 
by  his  executors.  The  inscription  given  by 
Miss  Aikin  describes  the  first  wife  of  Lancelot 
Addison  as  "  Janam . .  .  .  Gulstone  S.T.P. 
filiam  et  Gulielmi  Gulstone  episcopi  Bris- 
toliensis  sororem."  G.  O.  BELLEWES. 

3,  Carlyle  Gardens,  Cheyne  Row,  S.W. 

DUKE  OF  WESTMINSTER'S  ELOPEMENT 
WITH  Miss  CHILD  (10  S.  x.  248). — It  is  evident 
that  this  query  has  reference  to  the  runaway 
match  between  John,  tenth  Earl  of  West- 
morland, and  Sarah  Anne,  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Robert  Child  the  banker. 
The  pair  were  married  in  May,  1782,  at 
Gretna  Green,  and  the  affair  caused  a  great 
sensation,  as  the  bride,  besides  being  a 
wealthy  heiress,  was  a  beautiful  girl.  A  full 
account  will  be  found  in  '  A  Handbook  of 
London  Bankers,'  by  F.  G.  Hilton  Price, 
pp.  32-3.  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

Mr.  F.  G.  Hilton  Price  tells  the  very 
interesting  story  of  Miss  Child's  romantic 
marriage  with  the  Earl  of  Westmorland  in 
'  Some  account  of  Ye  Marygold,'  1875. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

It  was  Lord  Westmorland  who  eloped  with 
Miss  Child,  from  what  is  now  Lord  Rosebery's 
house  in  Berkeley  Square.  Their  daughter, 
Lady  Sarah  Sophia  Fane,  carried  the  wealth 
of  Child's  Bank  into  Lord  Jersey's  family. 

G. 

In  1782  the  Earl  of  Westmorland  married 
at  Gretna  Green  Miss  Child.  The  fee  paid 
for  the  ceremony  was  fifty  guineas.  See 
Exchequer  Depositions,  29  George  III., 
Mic.  23.  GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.W. 

[Several  other  correspondents  also  thanked  for 
replies.] 

JACOB  PHILADELPHIA  (10  S.  x.  89,}172). — 
I  find  I  can  now  answer  my  query,  and  the 
information  may  be  of  interest.  Jacob  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  the 
first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century,  of  Jewish 
parentage  ;  and  after  receiving  a  fair  educa- 
tion, and  showing  a  liking  for  mathematics, 
physics,  and  the  speculations  of  the  Cabbala, 
he  went  into  seclusion  for  several  years.7  \^In 


the  vicinity  of  his  native  town  there  were 
living  three  mystics  :  Johann  Gottfried 
Seelig,  Conrad  Matthai,  and  Dr.  Christopher 
Witt,  survivors  of  the  "  Woman  in  the 
Wilderness,"  a  mystical  community  of  Ger- 
man Pietists  founded  m  1694.  These  Rosi- 
crucians  were  in  the  habit  of  imparting  in- 
struction to  all  who  applied  to  them  with 
an  earnest  desire  for  enlightenment,  and  no 
doubt  it  was  from  them  that  Jacob  (whose 
family  name  is  unknown)  received  instruction 
in  mechanics,  occult  sciences,  and  cabbalistic 
lore. 

On  sailing  for  England  he  assumed  the 
name  of  his  birthplace,  and  had  letters  of 
introduction  from  Dr.  Witt  to  Henry  Frede- 
rick, Duke  of  Cumberland.  He  lived  for 
several  years  on  the  ducal  estates,  engaged 
in  study,  and  in  1758  delivered  a  series  of 
public  lectures  upon  the  mechanic  arts  and 
kindred  subjects,  which  were  repeated  in 
many  English  towns.  He  travelled  through 
the  greater  part  of  Europe,  and  visited 
Egypt  and  India.  In  the  minds  of  the  un- 
educated he  figured  as  a  magician  and  con- 
jurer who  was  on  familiar  terms  with  demons, 
but  was  really  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
mechanicians  and  physicists  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  is  supposed  that  he  abjured 
Judaism,  married,  and  died  while  travelling 
in  the  Alps.  I  have  a  copy  of  his  engraved 
portrait,  which  is  excessively  rare  : — 

"  IACOB  PHILADELPHIA  geboren  zu  Philadelphia- 
d.  14  Aug.  1735  in  raris  rarissimus.  Zu  finden  in 
der  Tyroffischen  Handlung  in  Nurnberg  1778.  C.  W. 
Bock  del.  et  sc.  Nor." 

In  No.  16  of  the  publications  of  the  Ame- 
rican Jewish  Historical  Society  will  be  found 
facsimiles  of  some  of  his  advertisements, 
and  transcriptions  of  letters  urging  trade 
relations  between  Germany  and  the  United 
States.  Further  information  can  be  found 
in  Brockhaus's  '  Lexicon,'  13th  ed.,  vol.  xii., 
1885.  ISRAEL  SOLOMONS. 

91,  Portsdown  Road,  W. 

JEAN  PATJL  IN  ENGLISH  (10  S.  x.  161,  254). 
— I  have  Richter's  '  Titan  '  and  '  Hesperus  ' 
in  English,  in  the  translation  of  Charles  T. 
Brooks,  of  Newport,  R.I.  These,  with 
'  Flower,  Fruit,  and  Thorn  Pieces  '  (2  vols.), 
and  '  Campaner  Thai,  and  other  Writings  * 
(1  vol.),  make  up  seven  volumes  of  the 
"  Leisure  Hour  Series  "  published  by  Henry 
Holt  &  Co.,  New  York.  They  were,  I  believe, 
formerly  obtainable  in  England,  through 
Messrs.  Triibner  &  Co.,  but  my  copies  were 
given  to  me  by  an  American  friend.  I  do 
not  know  enough  German  to  say  whether 
Mr.  Brooks' s  translations  are  good  ;  but  as 
regards  works  concerning  which  T.  P. 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  im. 


inquires,  I  may  say  that  they  scarcely  fulfil 
the  promise  of  "  light  and  entertaining " 
literature  made  by  the  publishers  of  the 
•series.  '  Titan,'  in  especial,  in  its  English 
dress,  is  about  as  stiff  a  piece  of  reading  as  I 
•ever  essayed  in  the  form  of  fiction. 

C.  C.  B. 

I  regret  with  T.  P.  that,  on  account  of  the 
delightful  vividness  of  Jean  Paul's  brilliant 
personality,  he  is  not  better  known  in  this 
country.  To  judge  by  an  English  translation 
I  have  of  his  '  Levana '  or  the  '  Doctrine 
of  Education,'  published  by  Bell  &  Sons  in 
1876,  he  is  not  to  be  recommended  for 
charm  of  diction,  to  which  he  seems  to  have 
been  a  total  stranger.  Some  have  figured 
him  as  worthy  to  rank  in  richness  of  intel- 
lectual power  with  Goethe  and  Schiller.  His 
mind  is  characteristically  Teutonic  ;  his 
industry  was  immense.  Surely  it  would 
pay  a  publisher  to  make  a  readable  selection 
of  Jean  Paul's  "  good  things  "  for  publication 
in  a  cheap  form,  though  popular  he  would 
never  be.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Both  works  mentioned  by  T.  P.  have  been 
translated  into  English  by  C.  T.  Brooks,  and 
published  in  Boston,  Mass  :  '  Hesperus  '  in 
1865,  and  *  Titan  '  in  1868.  L.  L.  K. 

DICKENS  ON  "HALF-BAPTIZED"  (10  S. 
x.  29,  90,  135,  256).— Certainly  "half- 
baptized  "  means  that  the  child  has  been 
privately  baptized,  but  not  yet  publicly 
admitted  to  the  Church  in  compliance  with 
the  rubric. 

The  late  Dean  Butler  of  Lincoln,  wAien 
Vicar  of  Wantage,  used  to  ask,  if  a  mother 
said  her  child  had  been  half -baptized,  "  Yes  ; 
but  which  half  ?  "  thereby  distinguishing 
between  the  essential  Sacrament  of  baptism, 
and  the  ecclesiastical  ceremony  of  "  admis- 
sion to  the  Church."  G. 

THE  LION  AND  THE  UNICORN  (10  S.  x.  208). 
—The  distich  in  question  would  appear  to 
have,  at  all  events,  been  suggested  by  the 
traditional  enmity  which  in  ancient  natural 
history  existed  between  the  lion  and  the 
mythical  creature  known  as  a  unicorn.  The 
credulity  of  our  forefathers  in  this  respect  is 
illustrated  by  Topsell's  account  of  their 
hostility  in  his  '  Four-footed  Beasts '  (pp. 
551-9).  The  unicorn,  he  says, 
"  is  an  enemy  to  the  lions,  wherefore  as  soon  as 
«ver  a  lion  seeth  an  Unicorn,  he  runneth  to  a  tree 
tor  succour,  that  so  when  the  Unicorn  maketh  force 
at  him,  he  may  not  only  avoid  his  horn,  but  also 
destroy  him  :  for  the  Unicorn  in  the  swiftness  of 
his  course  runneth  against  the  tree,  wherein  his 


sharp  horn  sticketh  fast;  that  when  the  lion  seeth 
the  Unicorn  fastened  by  the  horn,  without  all 
danger  he  falleth  upon  him  and  killeth  him." 

Konrad  Gesner  has  the  same  story  in  his 
'  Historise  Animalium,'  1551-87  ;  and  Shake- 
speare alludes  to  it  when  he  makes  Timon  of 
Athens  say  :  "  Wert  thou  the  unicorn,  pride 
and  wrath  would  confound  thee,  and  make 
thine  own  self  the  conquest  of  thy  fury " 
(Act  IV.  sc.  iii.). 

It  was  the  contests  of  England,  as  repre- 
sented by  the  lion,  with  the  Old  and  New 
Pretenders,  as  represented  by  the  unicorn, 
that  probably  inspired  the  lines  referred  to. 
James  I.  had  two  unicorns  for  his  supporters, 
and  that  gave  reason  to  his  carrying  one 
when  he  ascended  the  throne  of  the  united 
kingdoms.  J.  HOLD  EN  MACMICHAEL. 

The  supporters  of  the  Scottish  arms  were 
until  the  accession  of  James  I.  to  the  kingdom 
of  England  two  unicorns  ramp,  arg.,  royally 
gorged  and  chained  or  ;  and  one  is  retained 
still  in  the  royal  arms,  probably  symbolizing 
the  union. 

Before  that  time,  in  the  days  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  a  lion  crowned  was  the  dexter 
supporter,  holding  up  the  royal  coat,  France 
and  England  quarterly.  But  why  France 
had  the  first  and  fourth,  and  England  the 
second  and  third,  I  cannot  say.  Macaulay  in 
his  fine  "  Fragment  "  '  The  Armada  '  thus 
alludes  to  it : — 

Look  how  the  lion  of  the  sea  uplifts  his  ancient 

crown, 

And  underneath  his  deadly  paw   treads  the  gay 
lilies  down. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

When  I  was  a  youngster  in  Glasgow,  the 
couplet  I  learned  was 

The  lion  and  the  unicorn  fighting  for  the  crown, 
Up  comes  the  wee  dog  and  knocks  'em  all  down. 
ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 

TlNTAGEL  :     ITS    PRONUNCIATION    (10    S.    X. 

148,  194).— There  cannot  be  much  doubt 
about  the  pronunciation  of  this  word  when  it  is 
remembered  that  in  Cornish  trisyllabic 
personal  or  local  names  the  accent  is  almost, 
if  not  quite,  invariably  laid  upon  the  middle 
syllable,  e.g.,  Trevenen,  Cardinan,  Bolitho, 
Bodriigan,  &c.  The  soft  pronunciation  of 
the  g  must  be  a  concession  to  Saxon  ears. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

HOPPNEB  AND  SIR  THOMAS  FRANKLAND'S 
DAUGHTERS  (10  S.  x.  168,  233). — Perhaps  I 
may  be  allowed  to  give  a  few  further  par- 
ticulars concerning  my  query,  which  I  am 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


in  a  position  to  do  through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  E.  J.  Wisdom  of  Stockwell.  I  am  in- 
formed that  the  original  painting  is  now 
being  shown  in  the  department  of  British  Art 
.at  the  Franco-British  Exhibition,  and  that 
the  names  of  the  sisters  are  painted  in  the 
left-hand  bottom  corner  of  the  picture. 
I  think  that  the  latter  fact  is  one  not  gene- 
rally known,  or  at  any  rate  is  usually  over- 
looked, so  that  other  readers  may  be  (as  I  am) 
rgrateful  for  the  information. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
:x.  247).  —  Is  this  what  M.  M.  requires  in  his 
first  query  ? 

"  The  appropriate  business  of  poetry  (which  never- 
theless, if  genuine,  is  as  permanent  as  pure  science), 
her  appropriate  employment,  her  privilege  and  her 
duty,  is  to  treat  of  things  not  as  they  are,  but  as 
they  appear  ;  not  as  they  exist  in  themselves,  but 
as  they  seem  to  exist  to  the  senses,  and  to  the 
passions."  —  Wordsworth's  '  Essay  Supplementary  to 
the  Preface  to  the  Edition  of  the  Poems,  1815.' 

T.  M.  W. 

4.  "  Even  the  gods  cannot  alter  the  past." 
'Compare,  for  a  Greek  reference,  required 
l3y  M.  M.,  Agathon,  quoted  by  Aristotle, 
"  Eth.  Nic.,'  vi.  2  :— 

IJLOVOV  yap  avrov  Kal  Otos 

dyevrjTd  TTOICIV  acrcr   av  fj 
Similarly  Milton,  '  P.  L.,'  ix.  926  :  — 

But  past  who  can  recall,  or  done  undo  ? 
Not  God  omnipotent,  nor  Fate  ! 

C.  W.  B. 

4.  See  Pindar,  c  Olympia,'  ii.  17  :  — 

-TWV 


fv  SiKa  TC  Kal  irapa  Sfaav  aiTOnjroK  ovS'  av 
\povos   6  Trdvroiv  Trarrjp  Svvairo  $e/zei>  epytw 
Tt'Aos. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

4.  The  elder  Pliny  says  that  God  is  not 
;able  "  revocare  defunctos,  nee  facere  ut  qui 
vixit  non  vixerit  ;  qui  honores  gessit  non 
gesserit  :  nullumque  habere  in  prseterita  jus, 
praeterquam  oblivionis  "  ('  H.  N.,'  ii.  5,  10, 
•quoted  by  Dr.  Ramage  in  *  Beautiful  Thoughts 
from  Latin  Authors,'  ed.  2,  1869,  p.  433). 

W.  C.  B. 
[The  REV.  J.  PICKFORD  also  refers  to  Agathon.] 

LIZZIE  DOTEN'S  POEM  *  Is  LIFE  WORTH 
LIVING?'  (10  S.  x.  229.)  —  This  poem 
appeared  in  vol.  viii.  of  the  New  Series  of 
Great  Thoughts  (vol.  xvii.  of  the  original). 

G.  T. 


PICKTHALL  (10  S.  x.  249).— This  family  is 
not  included  in  the  latest  edition  of  Marshall's 
'  Genealogist's  Guide,'  and  the  only  refer- 
ences I  have  of  the  name  are  modern  ones 
from  Chillesford,  Suftplk  ;  Ottery  St.  Mary, 
Devonshire ;  and  Bootle  and  Liverpool, 
Lanes.  These  I  shall  be  pleased  to  send  to 
your  correspondent  if  of  any  use. 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 
48,  Nelson  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N. 

JAMES  PRESTON  OF  BARTON-ON-HUMBER 
(10  S.  x.  189). — He  had  issue  by  his  wife 
Sophia  Marshall  (who  was  my  great-aunt) 
two  sons,  John  and  James.  They  used  to 
visit  my  father,  the  Rev.  Tho.  Myddelton,  at 
Laughton  Vicarage,  Lincolnshire  :  that  would 
be  between  1844  and  1856.  I  never  heard 
that  either  of  them  married.  John  died  at 
Chelsea,  and  James  in  Switzerland.  The 
latter,  who  had  delicate  health,  was  living 
in  the  early  part  of  1874  at  Rue  Grande, 
Lausanne,  and  I  rather  think  it  was  there 
that  he  died.  W.  M.  MYDDELTON. 

St.  Albans. 

ZOFFANY  (10  S.  x.  130,  193).— A  fine 
engraving  of  the  '  Embassy  of  Hyderbeck 
from  the  Vizier  of  Oudh  to  Calcutta,  by  way 
of  Patna,  to  meet  Lord  Cornwallis,'  contains 
about  100  figures,  among  them  a  portrait  of 
Zoffany,  the  artist  of  the  original  picture. 
It  was  published  12  July,  1800,  by  Lawrie 
&  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street,  London.  A  copy 
Kangs  in  the  central  lobby  passage  of  the 
Imperial  Library,  Calcutta ;  and  a  repro- 
duction of  it  appears  in  Bengal,  Past  and 
Present,  the  journal  of  this  Society. 

WlLMOT   CORFIELD. 
Calcutta  Historical  Society. 

W.  H.  RIEHLIN  ENGLISH  (10  S.  x.  247). — 
I  do  not  believe  any  translations  exist,  but 
some  of  his  '  Culturgeschichtliche  Novellen  ' 
have  been  edited  for  scholastic  purposes  by 
H.  J.  Wolstenholme  (1884),  J.  F.  Davies 
(1890),  and  A.  Voegelin  (1892).  L.  L.  K. 

FRENCH  COAT  OF  ARMS  (10  S.  x.  209,  258). 
— The  description  of  coronet  agrees  with 
that  of  a  French  marquis.  The  arms  "  d'azur, 
au  chevron  d'or,  accompagne  en  chef  de 
deux  etoiles  du  meme,  et  en  pointe  d'un 
mouton  arrete  d' argent,"  are  those  of  the 
Seguier  family,  and  were  borne  by  the 
Marquis  de  Seguier  de  Saint-Brisson  (Loiret) 
and  by  the  Baron  Seguier  de  Saint  Brisson 
(Paris) :  see  '  liltat  present  de  la  Noblesse 
francaise,'  1884.  There  is  a  notice  of  Jean 
Mathieu,  Baron  Seguier,  born  1768,  in 
*  Biographie  des  Pairs  et  des  Deputes,'  1820. 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  im 


Similar  arms  are  ascribed  to  Blin  (Paris), 
De  la  Chapelle  (Lyonnais),  Jan  de  Belle- 
fontaine  (Bretagne),  and  Varenard  (Beau- 
jolais),  and  they  are  described,  among  other 
works,  in  Rietstap.  The  coronet,  however, 
would  appear  to  identify  the  arms  as  those  of 
the  Seguier  family.  There  is  a  pedigree  in 
Chenaye-Desbois.  LEO  C. 

ROMAN  INSCRIPTION  AT  BAVENO  (10  S.  x. 
107,  193). — I  am  much  obliged  to  PROF. 
BENSLY  for  the  further  light  that  he  has 
thrown  upon  this  puzzling  inscription.  What- 
ever may  have  been  the  case  in  Mommsen's 
time,  I  doubt  if  a  single  word  is  quite  legible 
now.  The  absence  of  the  verb,  to  which 
TROPHIMVS  should  act  as  a  nominative,  has 
not  been  explained.  Nor  has  the  strange 
word  DARINIDIANVS,  which,  in  Mommsen's 
version,  appears  to  be  in  apposition  with 
Trophimus,  while  it  is  not  stated  to  whose 
eternal  memory  the  memorial  was  sacred. 
I  hope  to  receive  further  information  on 
these  points.  W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

PARLIAMENTARY  APPLAUSE  :  ITS  EARLIEST 
USE  (10  S.  x.  248).— Note  B  in  Earl  Russell's 
*  English  Government  and  Constitution,' 
ed.  1865,  says  that  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth 
"Mr.  Secretary  Cecil  stood  up,  and  said.  .  . . 
(all  the  House  said,  Amen)."  G. 

HAMPSTEAD  IN  SONG  (10  S.  x.  187). — 
In  Bickham's  'Musical  Entertainer'  (1733, 
&c. )  there  is  a  song  entitled  '  The  Beautys 
of  Hampstead,'  extolling  the  (then) 
"  Chrystal  bub'ling  well." 

'  The  Kit-Kats,'  a  poem  by  Sir  Richard 
Blackmore,  is  dated  1708  : — 

Hampstead  that,  towering  in  superior  sky, 
Now  with  Parnassus  does  in  honour  vie. 

In  1722  "A  serious  Person  of  Quality" 
published   a   satire   called    '  Belsize   House, 
in  which  he  undertook  to  expose  "  the  Fops 
and   Beaux   who   daily   frequent   that   Aca- 
demy." :-. — 
This  house perfumed  with  a  Hampstead  breeze. 

John  Stuart  Blackie  contributed  to   The 
Leisure  Hour  (date    unnoted)  a  short  poem 
beginning 
Bless  thee,  thou  breezy  heath  and  green  retreat. 

Dr.  Gibbons,  a  Hampstead  physician,  was 
the  Mirmillo  of  Garth's  mock-heroic  poem 
'  The  Dispensary.' 

Dr.  John  Armstrong,  another  physician, 
author  of  the  once  popular  didactic  poem 
4  The  Art  of  Preserving  Health,'  visited 
and  recommended  "  Hampstead,  courted 
by  the  western  wind."  His  strolls  on  the 


leath  are  supposed  to  have  suggested  to 
Johnson  in  his  '  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes  T 
;he  lines, 

The  needy  traveller,  serene  and  gay, 
Walks  the  wild  heath,  and  sings  his  toils  away. 
The  last  verse  but  three  of  Wordsworth's- 
Extempore    Effusion   upon   the    Death    of 
James  Hogg  '  is  as  follows  : — 

Our  haughty  life  is  crowned  with  darkness, 
Like  London  with  its  own  black  wreath, 
On  which  with  thee,  0  Crabbe  !  forthlooking 
I  gazed  from  Hampstead's  breezy  heath. 
Keats's  '  Ode  to  a  Nightingale.' 
'Poem  :  a  Welcome  to  Golder's  Hill,'  by  Sarah 
Whiting,  21  March,  1900. 

'  Poem  of  Belsize  House,'  1722. 
'  Miscellaneous  Poetry,'  by  Edward  Coxe,  Esq.,  of 
Hampstead  Heath,  Middlesex,  1805  (July  9,  1898). 

'Hampstead:  a  New  Ballad.'  Set  by  Mr. 
Wichello,  sung  by  Mr.  Baker.  May  23,  1900. 
There  are  other  sources  which  will  possibly 
yield  information :  John  Soane's  '  History 
of  Hampstead  Wells,'  for  instance,  and  Mrs. 
"aroline  White's  '  Sweet  Hampstead,'  lately 
published. 

I  have  not  a  copy  of  Cowper's  poems  at 
hand,  but  in  '  Old  and  New  London '  the 
poet  is  said  to  refer  to  the  great  lawyer,. 
the  first  Earl  of  Mansfield,  thus  : — 

When  Murray  deign'd  to  rove 
Beneath  Caen  Wood's  sequester'd  grove, 
They  wander'd  oft,  when  all  was  still, 
With  him  and  Pope  on  Hampstead  Hill. 
Walford's  '  Old  and  New  London  '  is  full  of 
information  as  to  the  romantic  beauties  of 
Hampstead  Heath. 

One  might  also  draw  attention  to  the  valu- 
able Transactions  of  the  Hampstead  Anti- 
quarian and  Historical  Society  (Brit.  Mus, 
Lib.,  6  vols.,  R.Ac.  5691). 

J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

There  was  a  "  comic "  song  entitled 
'  Hampstead  is  the  Place  to  Ruralize/ 
written  by  Watkyn  Williams,  sung  by  Miss- 
Annie  Adams,  and  published  in  1861  by 
H.  D'Alcorn,  8,  Rathbone  Place,  Oxford 
Street,  W. 

In    the    Banks    Collection    in    the    British 
Museum  there  are  some  verses  annexed  to  a 
view  of  the  old  hollow  elm  tree  at  Hampstead, 
of  the  date   1653,  but   perhaps  these  could 
hardly  be  considered  as  "  song."    AYEAHR. 

"  STAR  AND  GARTER  TAVERN,"  PALL  MALL. 
(10  S.  x.  244). — I  have  always  understood 
that  the  Carlton  Club  occupied  the  site  of 
"  The  Star  and  Garter  Tavern."  In  The 
Tatler  of  2  Sept.,  1903,  the  number  in  Pall 
Mall  is  given  as  94.  In '  Club  Life  of  London,' 
by  John  Timbs,  vol.  ii.  p.  211,  there  is  an 
account  of  "  The  Star  and  Garter  "  and  the- 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


fatal  duel.  I  do  not  think  that  the  number 
is  referred  to,  but  at  p.  264  a  foot-note  states 
that  the  Prince  (Regent)  was  initiated  in  a 
Lodge  at  "  The  Key  and  Garter,"  No.  26, 
Pall  Mall — evidently  a  misprint  for  "  Star 
and  Garter,"  as  Gould's  '  History  of  Free- 
masonry,' vol.  ii.  p.  483,  states  that  the 
Prince  of  Wales  "  had  been  initiated  into 
Masonry  at  a  Special  Lodge  held  for  that 
purpose  at '  The  Star  and  Garter,'  Pall  Mall." 
In  '  Old  Stories  Retold  '  in  All  the  Year 
Round,  16  Feb.,  1867,  it  is  said  that  "  The 
Star  and  Garter  " 

"  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  Carl  ton  Club. 
Degenerating  in  later  days  into  the  office  of  a  light 
and  heat  company,  and  after  that  into  a  blacking 
manufactory,  it  was  finally,  like  its  neighbour  the 
Royal  Hotel,  swept  away  by  the  progress  of  im- 
provement, and  the  present  political  palace  erected 
In  its  stead." 

The  author  goes  on  to  state  that  "  one  of 
the  saddest  of  these  tavern  tragedies  took 
place  at  '  The  Star  and  Garter '  on  the 
26th  January,  1765."  The  story  of  the  duel 
is  then  related  fully.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 
.Sandgate. 

SALFORD  :  SALTERSFORD  :  SALTERSGATE 
(10  S.  x.  222,  256,  274).— It  may  interest 
MB.  HENRY  TAYLOR  to  know  that  in  the 
field  behind  the  quaint  and  interesting  old 
parish  church  of  Salford,  Bedfordshire,  there 
is  a  large  group  of  willow  trees.  They  are 
close  to  the  stream,  and  are  evidently  a  well- 
established  feature  of  the  district.  I  fancy 
they  are  of  the  sallow  species,  but  I  am  not 
botanist  enough  to  know  for  certain  at  this 
time  of  year,  when  the  catkins  are  not  on. 
What  value  for  philological  purposes  this 
evidence  may  possess  I  will  not  venture  to 
estimate.  W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

The  Pines,  Flitwick,  Bedfordshire. 

"  OFFICER  OF  THE  PIPE  "  (10  S.  x:  188). — 
I  hope  some  one  will  answer  this  query. 
I  have  tried  without  success  to  do  so.  Thomas 
Lowten  (or  Lowton),  the  founder  of  the 
Lowtonian  Society,  who  died  2  Jan.,  1814 
•"a  man  distinguished  for  a  long  series 
of  years  amongst  the  very  foremost  of  his 
professional  brethren  as  a  solicitor  of  talents 
and  integrity  "  (Gent.  Mag.,  1814,  vol.  Ixxxiv. 
part  i.) — was  "  Clerk  of  '  Nisi  Prius  '  in  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  and  Deputy  Clerk 
of  the  Pipe,"  &c.  I  want  to  add  an  explana- 
tion of  this  office  to  the  '  Reminiscences  of 
the  Lowtonian  Society.' 

Hie  ET  UBIQUE. 

It  is  often  the  office  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  to  put 
readers  in  the  way  of  obtaining  information, 
though  not  actually  imparting  it,  and  so  Jet 


me  mention  one  who  held  the  office  of  "  Clerk 
of  the  Pipe  and  Hanaper."  This  was  John 
Potenger,  Esq.,  who  held  that  office  until 
his  death  in  1676,  and  whose  daughter 
Philadelphia  married  Richard  Bingham  of 
Melcombe  Bingham,  Dorset.  If  I  mistake 
not,  there  was  a  little  memoir  of  Mr.  Potenger 
written  by  his  descendant  the  late  Rev. 
Charles  W.  Bingham,  once  a  valued  corre- 
spondent of  '  N.  &  Q.'  There  was  a  portrait 
of  John  Potenger  at  Melcombe  Bingham, 
the  ancient  seat  of  the  house. 

The  Binghams  were  a  very  ancient  family 
(one  was  Bishop  of  Salisbury  in  1246),  and 
were  founder's  kin  at  Winchester  and  New 
College,  being  collaterally  descended  from 
William  of  Wykeham. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

The  Pipe  Office  appertained  to  the  Court 
of  Exchequer.  The  Clerk  of  the  Pipe,  as 
he  was  called,  was  in  1723  William,  Lord 
Cheyney,  Viscount  Newhaven,  his  deputy 
being  Francis  Neale,  Esq.  (John  Chamber- 
layne's  '  Magnse  Britannise  Notitia,'  1723, 
p.  599).  He  was  an  officer  who  charged 
all  accounts  and  debts  due  to  the  King  into 
the  Great  Roll.  These  accounts  and  debts 
were  drawn  from  the  Remembrancer's  Office, 
an  office  which  also  appertained  to  the  King's 
Exchequer.  Cowel  further  says  that  he 
"  also  writeth  Summons  to  the  Sheriff  to  levy  the 
said  Debts,  upon  the  Goods  and  Chattels  of  the 
Debtors.  And  if  they  have  no  Goods,  then  doth  he 
draw  them  down  to  the  Lord  Treasurer's  Remem- 
brancer, to  write  Estreats  against  their  Lands.  The 
ancient  Revenue  of  the  Crown  remaineth  in  charge 
before  him,  and  he  seeth  the  same  answer'd  by  the 
Farmers  and  Sheriffs  to  the  King.  He  maketh  a 
Charge  to  all  Sheriffs  of  their  Summon  of  the  Pipe 
and  Green  wax,  and  seeth  it  answer'd  upon  their 
Accounts.  He  hath  the  drawing  and  ingrossing  of 
all  Leases  of  the  King's  Land." 

The  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Pipe  with 
that  of  Comptroller  of  the  Pipe  was  abolished 
by  the  Act  3  and  4  William  IV.,  and  the 
records  of  the  Pipe  Office  were  transferred 
to  the  custody  of  the  King's  Remembrancer 
of  the  Exchequer. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

"  SINEWS  OF  WAR  "  (10  S.  ix.  470  ;  x.  137, 
218,  253).— In  '  The  Holy  State,'  by  Thomas 
Fuller,  Cambridge,  1642,  p.  121,  in  chap,  xix., 
*  The  Good  Souldier,'  is  the  following  : — 

"Moneys  are  the  sinews  of  war,  yet  if  these 
sinews  should  chance  to  be  shrunk,  and  pay  casually 
fall  short,  he  takes  a  fit  of  this  convulsion  patiently  ; 
he  is  contented  though  in  cold  weather  nis  hands 
must  be  their  own  fire,  and  warm  themselves  with 
working,"  &c. 

ROBERT  PIEBPOINT. 


298" 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  im. 


CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10  S.  ii.  346, 
454,  516  ;  iii.  33,  93,  495  ;  x.  254).— I  have 
heard  that  the  children  at  the  Blue  Coat 
School  at  Hertford  were  always  taken  to 
see  the  executions  there,  as  a  moral  lesson. 

The  Westminster  boys  had  a  special 
holiday  to  see  the  execution  of  the  Cato  Street 
Conspirators  in  1820.  G. 

There  is  a  strange  instance  in  '  The  Annual 
Register  '  for  June,  1768  : — 

"  On  the  21st  of  the  preceding  month,  a  girl  of 
13  years  of  age  was  beheaded  for  the  murder  of  two 
children,  one  four,  the  other  six  years  of  age,  and 
for  committing  divers  thefts.  The  electoral  council 
of  Munich  enjoined  that  all  the  children  from  the 
schools  at  Amberg  should  be  conducted  near  to  the 
place  of  execution,  to  take  warning  by  this  example 
of  severity." 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fairchild  would  have  approved 
of  this  order.  A.  W.  O. 

HANNAH  MARIA  JONES  (10  S.  x.  248). — 
It  is  indeed  difficult  to  ascertain  biographical 
particulars  about  many  (I  may  say  the 
majority  of)  authors.  It  is  said  that  if  one 
keeps  a  thing  seven  years  one  will  find 
the  use  of  it.  I  have  had  a  note  of  this 
unfortunate  lady's  death  forty-seven  years. 

It  appears  from  The  Athenceum,  I  Feb., 
1854,  p.  151  (see  also  The  Gent.  Mag.  of 
April,  p.  440),  tha.t  "  Anna  Maria  Jones, 
authoress  of  '  The  Gipsey  '  and  other  popular 
novels  of  the  day,  died  "  on  24  March,  1854, 
"  in  the  most  abject  poverty."  Many  greater 
writers  than  she  have  died  in  the  same 
condition. 

The  National  Library  Catalogue  enters 
her  as  "  Jones,  Hannah  Maria,  afterwards 
Lowndes  "  ;  but  The  Athenceum  says  nothing 
about  her  having  been  married.  Her  first 
work  appears  to  have  been  '  The  Gipsey 
Mother'  (1835),  and  her  last  'Katharine 
Beresford'  (1854).  '  The  English  Catalogue, 
1835-62,'  has  three  publications  under  her 
name,  not  one  of  which  is  in  the  National 
Library.  On  the  other  hand,  our  great 
Library  has  a  number  of  her  works  which 
have  no  place  in  '  The  English  Catalogue.' 

She  is  the  sort  of  person  that  Mr.  Frederic 
Boase  delights  in  giving  us  information  about 
in  his  great  work  on  nineteenth-century 
celebrities  and  nonentities,  but  I  do  not  find 
hers  among  the  thousands  of  names  in 
'  Modern  English  Biography.' 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

Hannah  Maria  Jones  wrote  much  beside 
'The  Gipsey  Girl;  or,  The  Heir  of  Hazel 
Dell '  (1836)  ;  e.g.,  '  The  Gipsey  Mother  ;  or, 
The  Miseries  of  Enforced  Marriages  '  (1835  ?) ; 
'  The  Child  of  Mystery  ;  or,  The  Cottager's 


Daughter  '  (1837)  ;  '  The  Gipsey  Chief  ;  or,. 
The  Haunted  Oak  '  (1840)  ;  '  Village  Scandal ; 
or,  The  Gossip's  Tale  '  (1835)  ;  '  The  Love 
Token  ;  or,  The  Mistress  and  her  Guardian  ' 
(1844)  ;  '  The  Trials  of  Love  ;  or,  Woman's 
Reward'  (1853);  'Katharine  Beresford; 
or,  The  Shade  and  Sunshine  of  Woman's 
Life'  (1854);  'Family  Faults'  (1854); 
'  Rosalie  Woodbridge '  ( 1 854)  ;  ' The  Outlaw's 
Bride,'  '  The  Pride  of  the  Village,'  and 
'  Scottish  Chieftains,'  as  well  as  a  '  Modern 
Geography  '  in  two  volumes,  and  a  'History 
of  England '  in  two  volumes.  The  British 
Museum  Catalogue  does  not  contain  all  the 
above.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

This  is  not  in  the  nature  of  an  informatory 
reply  to  the  query,  but  there  was  a  saying 
common  when  I  was  a  lad,  "  Oh  !  that 's 
Hannah  Maria  Jones  !  "  when  something 
marvellous  was  said.  Another  rendering 
was,  "  It 's  all  Hannah  Maria  Jones."  I 
cannot  say  if  this  had  any  relation  to  the 
lady.  Her  book  '  The  Gipsey  Girl '  I  re- 
member reading  and  enjoying. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

WILLIAM  BRUCE,  PHYSICIAN,  IN  POLAND 
(10  S.  x.  249).— Try  the  late  Mr.  Fischer's 
two  books  on  Scots  in  Germany  and  Poland. 

L.  L.  K. 

DATE  OF  PLATE  (10  S.  x.  230).— On  the 
evidence  furnished  by  your  correspondent 
I  should  judge  that  his  pieces  of  plate  are 
(1)  of  1727-8  and  (2)  of  1732-3. 

ST.    SWITHLN. 

GARIOCH  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION  (10  S.  v.. 
9,  56). — As  a  surname  this  word  is  common 
in  Orkney,  there  being  as  many  as  four 
families  of  the  name  even  in  this  small  town.. 
The  usual  spelling  here  is  Garrioch,  and 
sometimes  Garriock.  The  pronunciation 
here  is  always  Garrick.  ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Strom  ness. 

"  HOUSE  OF  WARANTYSE  "    (10  S.  X.   89).— 

"  Warranty  "  or  "  warrantize  "  is  described 
by  Cowel  as  being 

"a  Promise  or  Covenant  by  Deed  made  by  the 
Bargainer,  for  himself  and  his  Heirs,  to  ivarrant  or 
secure  the  Bargainee  and  his  Heirs  against  all  Men,, 
for  the  enjoying  anything  agreed  on  between  them.3' 
J.  HOLD  EN  MACMICHAEL. 

MORTIMER  COLLINS  (10  S.  x.  249). — I  have 
a  copy  of  thirteen  compositions  on  events  in 
the  Royal  Family,  entitled  '  Corolla  Regalis,' 
which  this  writer  published  in  1866,  and  to> 
which  MR.  PEACOCK  is  welcome  if  he  will  send 
me  l%d.  in  stamps.  A.  WATTS. 

13,  Prestonville  Road,  Brighton. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  iocs.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

James   II.    and    his     Wives.        By     Allan     Fea. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 

MB.  FEA'S  well-known  book  on  the  flight  of  the 
second  Charles  after  the  "crowning  mercy"  of 
Worcester  has  now  been  followed  by  a  life  of 
James  II.  containing  much  of  the  spirit  of  the 
earlier  volume,  though  it  has  received  much  wider 
treatment  than  was  required  by  its  predecessor, 
which  dealt  with  but  a  short  period.  It  has  been 
carefully  executed,  but  we  cannot  compare  it  in 
romantic  interest  with  the  former  volume. 

James  has  not  been  fairly  treated  by  the  greater 
part  of  our  historians.  His  bad  points — and  they 
were  many — have  been  dwelt  upon  out  of  all 
proportion  to  the  more  amiable  sides  of  his 
character.  "  Obstinacy  and  arrogance  were," 
Mr.  Fea  tells  us,  "  the  cause  of  all  the  troubles  of 
the  last  Stuart  King."  That  he  possessed  both 
these  unpleasant  characteristics  in  full  measure  is 
certain ;  but  we  believe  him  to  have  been  on  the 
political  side  of  his  character  really  conscientious, 
and  that  when  he  professed  to  desire  toleration  for 
all  the  differing  religious  sects  into  which  his 
country  was  divided,  he  meant  exactly  what  he 
said.  This,  we  need  not  say,  was  in  itself  highly 
meritorious,  but  it  by  no  means  makes  up  for  the 
despotic  measures  which  he  took  for  carrying  out 
what  was  in  itself  a  praiseworthy  desire.  "  He 
practically,"  as  Mr.  Fea  points  out,  "  shouted  his 

religion  from  the  housetops and  in  consequence 

was  warned  by  the  Pope  himself  against  such 
indiscretion " ;  but  even  this  sensible  advice, 
coming  from  a  source  he  so  highly  respected,  had 
no  effect  whatever  on  the  King's  overbearing  self- 
confidence.  Pride  even  more  than  obstinacy  seems 
to  have  overshadowed  him,  and  his  belief  in  the 
divine  right  of  the  kingly  office  made  him  to  the 
very  last  utterly  incapable  of  giving  heed  to  the 
reasonings  of  men,  even  of  his  own  religion,  who 
took  wider  views  of  human  nature  than  he  could 
himself  grasp.  The  most  incomprehensible  thing 
in  his  highly  complex  character  is  the  evident  fact 
that  he  was  not  in  any  degree  influenced  by  the 
tragic  fate  of  his  father. 

Even  those  who  have  written  concerning  James 
in  the  most  unsympathetic  manner  have  realized 
that  until  almost  the  last  he  was  personally  brave. 
Lord  Ailesbury,  who  was  an  eyewitness,  says  in 
his  'Memoirs'  that  in  sea-fights  with  the  Dutch 

his  "  intrepidity was  unparalleled."    It  is  also, 

we  believe,  admitted  by  all  that  as  a  commander  at 
sea  he  was  a  man  of  great  capacity.  He  could,  it 
is  clear,  rule  men  where  he  had  despotic  command  ; 
but  to  give  attention  to  wise  advice  when  it  con- 
flicted with  his  own  opinion  was  utterly  beyond 
him.  Still,  his  calm  confidence  in  himself  cannot 
but  win  admiration  ;  thus  we  are  told— though  we 
do  not  find  any  authority  given  for  the  statement — 
that  when  the  news  of  the  landing  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange  was  brought  to  James,  Kneller  was  engaged 
in  painting  his  portrait.  The  king  turned  pale, 
and  the  letter  dropped  from  his  hand  ;  but  he  bade 
the  Court  painter  go  on  with  his  work.  "I  have 
promised  Mr.  Pepys  my  picture,"  he  said,  "  arid  I 
will  finish  the  sitting."  Looking  back,  we  cannot 
but  feel  that  his  first  marriage  was  a  sign  of  what 
was  to  follow  in  later  life! 


The  landing  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  and  the  con- 
duct of  those  who  had  been  the  king's  friends,  and 
on  whose  faithfulness  he  relied,  are  admirably 
treated.  James  had  given  just  cause  for  offence, 
but  it  is  impossible  to  forgive  his  desertion  by  those 
in  whom  he  had  trusted.  ^ 

The  work  is  carefully  written,  and,  as  it  seems, 
without  prejudice ;  but  the  pages  that  deal  with 
the  time  of  adversity  are  much  more  attractive 
than  the  earlier  part. 

IN  The  Cornhill  '  Catherine's  Child,'  which  has 
attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention,  is  concluded. 
Mr.  Lucy  continues  his  highly  interesting  reminis- 
cences, giving  a'  page  of  secret  political  history 
which  has  already  attracted  wide  attention  in  the 
daily  press,  and  some  reminiscences  of  Fred. 
Burnaby.  Sir  Rowland  Blennerhassett  has  a  short' 
account  of  '  A  Cruise  with  the  Channel  Fleet,'  but' 
does  not  say  much  of  the  equipment  of  the  vessels, 
the  guns  of  which  are  remarkable  for  the  ingenuity 
of  their  working.  '  Stumpy '  and  *  The  Prophet  of 
Balham '  are  both  pleasantly  humorous  short  stories.. 
Mr.  Lang  draws  some  ingenious  parallels  between 
the  Irish  epics  and  Homer.  Mr.  J.  E.  Vincent 
makes  a  plea  for  '  The  Moderate  Motorist,'  whom  he- 
credits  with  more  vision  of  the  things  he  passes, 
than  most  people  would  imagine  to  be  possible. 
The  class  of  motor  driver  which  is  so  inconsiderate^ 
and  annoying  to  most  people  consists,  in  our  experi- 
ence, chiefly  of  gilded  youths.  Mr.  Vincent  sug- 
gests that  the  police  discriminate  between  good  and 
bad  drivers,  and  do  not  take  up  the  former  for  ex- 
ceeding the  legal  rate  of  speed.  The  last  time  we- 
were  on  an  important  main  road  and  surprised  at 
the  rate  allowed  to  motors,  we  found  it  was  common 
gossip  that  stern  police  had  been  succeeded  by  an- 
easygoing  lot  who  allowed  all  sorts  of  speed.  We 
ourselves  timed  two  motor-cyclists  who  were  doing 
well  over  thirty  miles  an  hour  in  a  crowded 
thoroughfare.  The  "  Book  on  the  Table  "  is  '  Louise 
de  la  Valiiere.'  Mr.  E.  V.  Lucas  has  an  amusing: 
article  on  a  poetaster  named  Whur,  an  Early 
Victorian  clergyman  whose  Muse  revelled  in  "death 
and  disaster  and  physical  affliction." 

The  Nineteenth  Century  opens  with  an  article  by 
Viscount  Milner  on  k  The  Value  of  Canadian  Pre- 
ference,' for  which  there  is,  we  think,  much  to  be 
said.  Monsignor  Moyes  writes  on  *  The  Euchar- 
istic  Congress.'  Mr.  Theodore  Morison  discusses 
the  question  '  Can  Islam  be  Reformed  ? '  and  seems- 
to  us  to  exaggerate  the  defects  of  "  Mahammadan  " 
rule.  Mr.  Henniker  Heaton  has  an  interesting 
article  on  '  The  Fight  for  Universal  Penny  Postage/ 
and  states  at  the  end  :  "  I  shall  be  greatly  mistaken 
if  another  year  elapses  before  the  completion  of' 
universal  penny  postage."  The  admirable  persist- 
ence which  has  brought  about  conveniences  like  the 
penny  rate  to  the  United  States,  which  began  last 
week,  is  exhibited  in  the  article.  In  '  Dante  and 
Shakespeare'  Miss  Mary  Winslow  Smith  deals 
mainly  with  generalities  to  be  found  in  the  works; 
of  many  thinkers  and  poets.  She  seems,  too,  to 
exalt  Dante  at  the  expense  of  Shakespeare,  which 
is  particularly  foolish.  There  is  a  good  deal  of 
humanity  which  is  not  sweet  in  Dante's  poetry. 
We  cannot  fancy  Shakespeare  consigning  his 
enemies  to  Hades  in  his  artistic  work.  Spirituality, 
is  much,  but  so  also  is  a  sense  of  humour ;  and 
vague  as  Shakespeare's  views  are,  we  cannot  help- 
admiring  his  divine  tolerance  for  our  limited 
humanity.  Capt.  G.  S.  C.  Swinton  has  an  tim- 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  OCT.  10,  im. 


portant  paper  on  '  The  Chaos  of  London  Traffic,' 
which  needs  much  more  consideration  than  the 
slow-moving  ideas  of  the  average  Briton  are  pre- 
pared to  award  to  it.  Mr.  Herbert  Paul  has  one  of 
his  attractive  classical  articles — this  time  on  '  The 
Method  of  Plato.'  Mr.  F.  Wedmore's  notes  called 
'  The  Poet  in  "  High  Alps  "  '  are  full  of  "  precious  " 
writing,  and  aim  at  a  staccato  style  of  impression 
which  is  riot  English.  There  is  nothing  of  novelty 
in  'The  Royal  Open- Air  Statues  of  London,'  by 
Mr.  E.  Beresford  Chancellor,  and  we  do  not  see  the 
use  of  a  short  article  on  such  a  subject.  There  is 
also  in  the  number  a  pleasant  appreciation  of  Prince 
Billow. 

THERE  are  several  articles  of  high  interest  in 
The  Fortnightly  besides  the  usual  supply  of  current 
politics.  M.  Augustin  Filon  has  a  summary  of  the 
brilliant  career  of  'Georges  Clemenceau,'  whose 

father  "  took  care that  he  did  not  receive  any 

religious  instruction  "  at  school.  The  future  Prime 
Minister  entered  the  Medical  School  of  Paris,  and 
became  an  M.D.  like  his  father.  Early  in  his 
career  "  he  fought  a  duel  in  the  woods  of  Clamart 
with  a  man  whom  he  had  never  seen  before,  on 
account  of  a  political  joke  which  he  had  not  heard 
and  which  did  not  concern  him  personally." 
Exclusion  from  political  life  when  he  was  fifty- two, 
owing  to  accusations  proved  to  be  false,  made  him 
a  great  journalist.  At  present,  according  to 
M.  Filon,  he  is  the  only  strong  man  in  France.  In 
'  Some  Recent  Archaeological  Discoveries  '  Mr.  D.  G. 
Hogarth  gives  the  plain  man  an  idea  of  the  wonders 
of  pre-Homeric  art  and  life  now  being  laid  bare, 
and  their  relation  to  Greek  culture.  It  is  a  pity 
that  Mr.  Hogarth  cannot  write  more  simply.  The 
first  sentence  in  his  second  paragraph  is  both  clumsy 
and  pedantic.  He  does,  however,  give  us  some 
clear  and  definite  dates,  and  his  whole  article  is 
well  worth  reading.  Mr.  Edwin  Pugh  in  '  The 
Decay  of  the  Short  Story'  rightly  dwells  on  the 
vulgarity  and  commercialism  of  present-day  writing, 
for  which  the  public  demand  is  ultimately  re- 
sponsible. Why  he  omits  T.  B.  Aldrich  and  includes 
Lew  Wallace  in  his  list  of  American  short-story 
writers  we  cannot  conceive.  His  account  of  a 
modern  magazine  is  severe,  but,  we  think,  justified. 
Whence,  however,  he  derives  the  justification  for 
"  the  fact  that  the  majority  of  these  magazines  are 
published  at  a  loss  to  their  proprietors  "  we  do  not 
know.  Does  riot  the  enormous  crowd  of  advertise- 
ments represent  a  big  revenue?  Mr.  Pugh  says 
that  English  humourists  cannot  get  on,  or  rather 
into  print,  because  Mr.  Jacobs  sets  them  so 
unsurpassable  a  standard.  This  writer,  it  appears, 
"  in  the  one  great  matter  of  fertility  of  invention 

not  only  transcends,  but  seems  to  unite  in  his 

own  genius  all  the  inimitable  graces  of,  all  the 
world's  drollest  spirits."  Mr.  Jacobs  is  "absolutely 
unique  in  the  literary  history  of  the  world."  This 
laudation  seems  to  us  wildly  extravagant.  Mr. 
Jacobs  has  so  far  shown  nothing  like  the  versatility 
of  F.  Anstey.  In  '  The  State  versus  the  Home ' 
M.  K.  Inglis  suggests  "  a  Chair  of  Child-Welfare 
at  one  of  our  leading  Universities."  Mr.  Laurence 
Binyon  has  an  excellent  poem  '  Sirmione.'  The 
reappearance  of  a  play  on  Faust  has  led  Mr. 
Archer  to  look  up  Goethe's  'Prologue  for  the 
Theatre,'  which  is  not  precisely  a  discovery  for  the 
cultivated  man.  His  notice  of  '  Plays  of  the  New 
Season '  is  well  done,  especially  of  the  pinchbeck 
quality  of  Idols.' 


The  National  Review  offers,  as  usual,  sprightly 
and  forcible  reading,  though  it  is  mainly  concerned 
with  politics,  which  do  not  interest  us  so  much  as 
literature  and  art.  Lord  Lamington  has  '  A  Plea 
for  the  Improvement  of  Public  Houses  '  which  is 
timely  ;  and  there  are  articles  on  '  The  Key  of 
European  Peace,'  'Imperial  Policy,'  '  The  Purchase 
Problem  in  Ireland,'  and  other  questions  which  are 
always  with  us.  Mr.  Austin  Dobson  in  '  The  Un- 
paralleled Peiresc  '  conveys  delightfully  a  fund  of 
information  concerning  an  accomplished  figure 
whom  he  describes  as  "  a  walking  Notes  and 
Queries."  *'  A  Guest  "  makes  some  sensible  remarks 
'  Upon  Country-House  Visiting,'  which,  if  society 
ever  paid  any  attention  to  literary  comment,  would 
be  worth  taking  to  heart.  Mr.  Maurice  Low  is 
good,  as  usual,  on  'American  Affairs.'  Mr.  J. 
Castell  Hopkins,  of  Toronto,  has  a  somewhat  severe 
study  of  Prof.  Goldwin  Smith  as  a  political  pes- 
simist. We  should  like  to  see  the  veteran  author's 
reply.  Mr.  E.  A.  Jones  writes  with  the  knowledge 
of  the  expert  on  '  The  Old  English  Plate  of  the  Tsar 
of  Russia,'  while  Miss  Alys  Hallard  has  a  study  of 
'  Patrice,'  a  little  work  written  by  Renan  in  1849. 

The  Burlington  Magazine  opens  with  editorial 
articles  on  '  The  New  Hals  at  Trafalgar  Square,' 
which  we  believe  to  be  fully  worth  the  price  paid 
for  it,  and  on  the  decoration  of  the  Palace  of  West- 
minster. Prof.  Holmes  deals  with  three  pictures 
by  Turner,  the  quality  of  which  is  exhibited  in  the 
beautiful  illustrations.  The  reproductions  of  draw- 
ings by  Rowlandson  show  that  his  serious  art  is,  as 
Mr.  Selwyn  Image  insists,  well  worth  study.  It  is 
high  time  for  a  critic  of  authority  to  give  more  than 
"timorous  praise"  to  such  work,  and  Mr.  Image 
explains  that  "  Rowlandson  the  exquisite  artist  was 
swamped  in  Rowlandson  the  pungent  caricaturist." 
We  are,  as  often,  most  grateful  to  The  Burlington 
for  giving  us  something  beyond  the  powers  of  the 
average  collector  and  the  popular  critic,  whose  ver- 
biage conveys  but  little  beyond  a  sense  of  careless 
fluency.  There  are  two  articles  on  Oriental  carpets  ; 
and  the  '  Notes  on  Various  Works  of  Art  '  include 
'  Some  Rembrandt  Drawings,'  by  Sir  Martin  Con- 
way,  and  a  learned  study  of  '  A  Portrait  by  Hans 
Holbein  the  Elder,'  illustrated,  by  Mr.  Campbell 
Dodgson.  At  the  end  of  the  magazine,  after  the 
first  page  of  advertisements,  will  be  found  a  repro- 
duction of  the  lovely  picture  of  '  Lady  Lilith  '  by 
Rossetti,  which  is  now  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  New  York,  and  is  being  reproduced  by  the 
Medici  Society  as  the  special  plate  for  annual  sub- 
scribers to  The  Burlington.  The  announcement  of 
'  New  Medici  Prints  '  opposite  the  title-page  is  of 
importance  to  all  lovers  of  art.  Amongst  other 
items  a  reproduction  of  a  picture  of  Milton  as  a  boy 
is  promised. 


E.  M.  T.  ("  The  scent  of  the  roses  will  hang  round 
it  still").  —  Moore,  'Farewell!  But  whenever  you 
welcome  the  Hour.' 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR  ("  Little  France  :  Little 
Britain  ").  —  See  the  long  discussion  at  6  S.  ix.  148, 
253,  295,  357,  under  '  Petty  France.' 

A.  C.  H.—  Forwarded. 

ERRATUM.—  P.  261,  col.  2,  1.  9  from  foot,  for 
"  Etruvia  "  read  Etruria. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  10, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENJEUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
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THIS  WEEK'S  ATHEN^JUM  contains  Articles  on 

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THE   STUDY  OF  THE   GOSPELS. 

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HONEYMOON.  THE  CLAIMANT.  THE  BOND.  THE  LOSER  PAYS.  THE 
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THEOLOGICAL  BOOKS. 

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ARCHITECTURAL  LITERATURE.  MR.  RACKHAM'S  ILLUSTRATION  TO  '  A  MIDSUMMER 
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301 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  17,  1008. 


CONTENTS.— No.  251. 

NOTES  :— The  Rev.  George  Plaxton,  301— Danteiana,  302— 
Dodsley's  Collection  of  Poetry — Servian  Names,  305 — 
"  Geard  "  —  Brembre  or  Brambre  —  "  Petersburg  "  or 
"St.  Petersburg,"  306— The  Portman  Estates— Conway 
Charter  —  Llangollen  —  Wrexham  —  Crashaw  and  Maxi- 
milian Sandseus,  307. 

QUERIES  :  —  Omar  Khayyam  Bibliography  —  Winston's 
'The  Theatric  Tourist,'  307— Friendly  Brothers  of  St. 
Patrick— Mediterranean :  First  Use  of  the  Name— Quicks 
Wood,  Clothall,  and  the  Earl  of  Salisbury—"  Apple- John 
face"— Ovoca  or  Avoca?— St.  Barbara's  Feather— Philip 
Stubbs,  308 — Bishops  and  Abbots — Manor  Rolls — Extra- 
ordinary Contemporary  Animals— John  Pym's  Mother— 
"May  Jemmy  Johnson  squeeze  me" — Deuxsaint  Family 
—Authors  Wanted— Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  309— "Por- 
tions "  :  "  Pensions  " — "  The  Essex  Serpent " — "  Better  an 
old  man's  darling  "—Midday  at  Bale:  Bale  Madness- 
Billy  Butler  the  Hunting  Parson— De  la  Motte  de  la 
Carre",  310. 

REPLIES  :— Gedney  Church,  Lincolnshire,  310— The  Glamis 
Mystery,  311— 'Childe  Harold '—Anna,  a  Place-Name— 
Grabble,  a  Place-Name  —  Regimental  Marches,  312— 
William  Crowmer,  313— McPike  Family— French  Words 
in  Scotch  — Authors  Wanted  — High  Treason  and  its 
Punishment,  314 — Throat  cutting  at  Public  Executions — 
Baal-fires— Waterloo :  Charlotte— Edwards  of  Halifax,  315 
— "Plane  sailing"  —  Norrises  of  Milverton —  Arms  of 
Roman  Catholic  Bishops— Snakes  drinking  Milk,  316— 
Revolution  Society  — John  Shakespeare,  1732  — Voreda, 
Roman  Town,  317— "  Wharf  "—The  Bonassus,  318. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  House  Mottoes  and  Inscriptions  ' 
— '  Life  and  Letters  of  Macaulay '— '  By  the  Roman  Wall.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JEbfcs* 

THE    REV.    GEORGE    PLAXTON. 

MY  interest  in  Plaxton  arose  entirely  from 
the  fact  that  he  is  the  only  contemporary 
authority  that  can  be  quoted  in  support 
of  the  belief  that  Michael  Johnson,  the 
Doctor's  father,  was  a  man  of  very  superior 
-education.  His  letter  written  from  Trent- 
ham  in  1716,  stating  that  "  Johnson,  the 
Lichfield  Librarian,  is  now  here  ;  he  propa- 
gates learning  all  over  this  diocese,  and  ad- 
vanceth  knowledge  to  its  just  height,"  was 
•employed  by  Boswell  (Birkbeck  Hill's  '  Bos- 
well,'  vol.  i.  p.  36)  with  this  object.  In  no 
bypath  of  Johnsonian  literature  could  I 
find  even  the  most  meagre  note  on  Plaxton, 
.and^it  took  me  some  time  to  discover  that 
his  career  can  be  traced  in  considerable 
-detail,  and  his  personality  largely  unveiled, 
by  various  records  already  in  print.  The 
information  I  have  collected  about  him  has 
grown  to  such  an  extent  that  I  hesitate 
to  insert  it  under  a  Johnsonian  heading, 
thinking  it  better  to  piece  it  together  into 
&  separate  article,  but  leaving  that  aspect  of 


the  man's  life  and  character  which  principally 
interests  me  for  discussion  in  the  some- 
what disconnected  series  of  Johnsonian 
articles  which  the  Editor  is  allowing  me  to 
contribute  to  '  N.  &  Q.' 

George,  eldest  sor*  of  William  Plaxton, 
of  Wressell,  Yorks,  gent.,  by  Beatrice, 
youngest  daughter  of  Henry  Akeroyd  (d. 
1627),  of  Foggathorpe,  in  the  parish  of 
Bubwith  (Thoresby's  '  Ducatus  Leodiensis,' 
ed.  Whitaker,  1816,  p.  258;  Foster's 
'  Yorkshire  Pedigrees,'  under  '  Akroyd  of 
Bank  Field '  ;  and  letter  of  Plaxton's 
to  Thoresby,  dated  16  Nov.,  1708,  in 
'  Letters  to  Thoresby,'  1832,  vol.  ii.  p.  122), 
was  educated  at  Pocklington  School,  and 
was  admitted  a  pensioner  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  on  24  March,  1665/6, 
aged  eighteen,  taking  his  B.A.  degree  in 
1669  (The  Eagle,  St.  John's  College,  March, 
1907,  p.  227).  In  the  printed  lists  of  '  Gra- 
duati  Cantabrigienses '  Plaxton  has  in 
every  edition  appeared  as  B.A.  only,  but  he 
always  described  himself  as  M.A.  St.  John's 
('  Donington  Register,'  Shropshire  Par.  Reg. 
Soc.,  1900,  p.  85) ;  and  the  Rev.  A.  T.  Michel!, 
F.S.A.,  Vicar  of  Sheriffhales,  tells  me  that 
he  was  M.A.  1672.  Mr.  R.  F.  Scott,  of 
St.  John's,  who  edits  The  Eagle,  also  tells 
me  that  if  Plaxton  held  two  livings  at  once 
he  must  have  been  M.A. 

George  Plaxton  was  ordained  deacon 
29  May,  1670,  by  the  Archbishop  of  York 
(The  Eagle,  as  before,  p.  227).  On  8  July, 
1673,  he  was  instituted  Vicar  of  Sheriffhales, 
Shropshire,  on  the  presentation  of  William 
Leveson  Gower  of  Trentham  (information 
of  Rev.  A.  T.  Michell)  ;  and  on  6  Nov.,  1673, 
was  inducted  into  the  neighbouring  rectory 
of  Kynnersley,  or  Kinnardsey,  on  the  same 
presentation.  On  10  July,  1690,  the  same 
patron,  now  become  Sir  William  Leveson 
Gower,  fourth  baronet,  presented  him  to  the 
rectory  of  Donington  (The  Eagle,  as  before, 
p.  227)  ;  and  on  12  Aug.  he  was  inducted 
into  the  living  ('  Donington  Register,'  pp.  82, 
83).  On  becoming  Rector  of  Donington 
he  resigned  the  vicarage  of  Sheriffhales  (The 
Eagle,  p.  227),  but  retained  the  rectory  of 
Kynnersley  ('  Donington  Register,'  p.  82). 

In  1707,  after  he  had  left  Shropshire, 
he  contributed  to  the  Royal  Society  a  paper 
entitled  "  Some  Natural  Observations  in  the 
Parishes  of  Kinardsey  and  Donington  in 
Shropshire,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  George  Plaxton" 
(Philosophical  Transactions,  1809,  vol.  v. 
pp.  357-9).  The  paper  chiefly  consists  of 
observations  on  the  ages  of  the  inhabitants, 
and  on  the  constitution  of  the  local  peat- 
mosses, with  some  account  of  a  British 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  im. 


fortification  at  Kynnersley,  and  of  the  Bos- 
cobel  Oak.  He  draws  the  following  pleasing 
picture  of  Kynnersley  : — 

"At  my  entrance  there,  I  foimd  neither  gentle- 
man nor  beggar,  nor  any  kind  of  dissenter  from  the 
Church  :  there  had  been  110  law  suit  among  them  in 
the  memory  of  man,  nor  was  any  commenced 
during  my  incumbency  as  rector  there,  for  above 
30  years  together." 

The  register  of  Donington  contains  nume- 
rous memoranda  by  Plaxton  on  the  cover 
and  inserted  paper  fly  -  leaves  ( '  Doning- 
ton Register,'  p.  80),  including  notes  with 
regard  to  the  tithes  (pp.  82,  83)  ;  and  records 
of  wind-storms  on  7  Feb.,  1696/7,  on  5  and 
6  Feb.,  1700/1,  and  on  Christmas  Day,  1701 
(p.  83). 

On  16  July,  1703,  he  was  presented  to 
the  rectory  of  Barwick-in-Elmet,  near  Leeds 
(information  of  Rev.  F.  S.  Colman,*  Rector 
of  Barwick),  by  John,  first  Lord  Gower, 
son  of  his  first  patron,  in  his  capacity  as 
Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster 
(' Thoresby' s  Diary,'  ed.  Hunter,  1830, 
vol.  i.  p.  434)  ;  and  was  instituted  on  9  Sept., 
when  he  resigned  his  Shropshire  livings. 
Plaxton' s  association  with  so  distinguished 
an  antiquary  as  Thoresby,  who,  at  the  refer- 
ence just  cited,  records  his  friend's  presenta- 
tion "  to  the  great  living  at  Berwick  in 
Elmete,"  has  done  much  to  rescue  his  name 
from  oblivion. 

Of  the  first  few  years  of  Plaxton' s  residence 
at  Barwick  I  have  found  no  record,  but  in 
1706  Thoresby  relates  that  his  "dear" 
and  he  "  rode  to  Berwick,  to  oblige  Parson 
Plaxton  and  family  with  our  child's  com- 
pany, and  myself  with  his  "  ('  Diary,'  vol.  i. 
p.  465).  Mr.  Colman  has  kindly  given  me 
extracts  from  some  of  Plaxton' s  letters  to 
Thoresby  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Thomas 
Brooke,  the  earliest  of  which  is  dated  11  Feb., 
1706/7.  On  29  March,  1707,  he  complains 
of  "  a  violent  fit  of  stone,"  and  on  12  May 
that  he  is  "  very  ill  with  large  stone  in 
Bladder  "  ;  but  on  20  May  announces  himself 
as 

now    better  — you    may    tell    Dr.    Skelton    that 


On  23  June  he  offers-a  characteristic  jest  : — 

"  Our  correspondence  has  got  the  stone,  arid  there 
is  no  passage  open  for  letters.  Come  and  make  hay, 
6d.  a  day  and  small  drink  is  good  wages  for  a  man 
who  works  in  the  sunshine." — Brooke  MSS, 


*  Mr.  Colman,  who  is  seeing  through  the  press  a 
considerable  '  History  of  Barwick-in- PUmet '  for  the 
Thoresby  Society,  kindly  lent  me  three  pages  of 
proof  containing  some  account  of  Plaxton. 


His  bodily  sufferings  often  provided  the 
machinery  of  his  humour  :  on  4  Aug.  he 
writes  again  : — 

"  I  am  sorry  to  hear  that  the  Christian  Lawyer 
has  got  the  Sciatica,  'tis  the  Stone  in  the  Hip,  for 
you  must  know  the  Stone  is  a  distemper  that  seizes 
all  mankind.  Some  Lawyers  and  Attorneys  have 
it  in  their  hearts,  and  some  in  their  Hipps,  occa- 
sioned by  hard  riding  to  the  Assizes  and  Sessions. 
The  Fanatiques  have  the  Stone  in  their  heads,  this 
fills  'em  full  of  Scruples  and  doubts,  for  your 
Scrupulus  is  a  little  Stone.  Some  Divines  have  the 
Stone  in  their  Understandings,  they  cannot  speak 
or  think  clear,  but  all  their  notions  are  full  of 
growth  and  hard  sand." — Brooke  MSS. 

AMJYN  LYELL  READE. 
Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 

(To  l>e  continued.) 


DANTEIANA. 

I.   '  Inf.'  xvi.  106-8  :— 

lo  aveva  uiia  corda  intorno  cinta, 
E  con  essa  pensai  alcuna  volta 
Prender  la  lonza  alia  pelle  dipinta. 

As  this  is  a  passage  of  which  Landino  (ed., 
Venezia,  1536)  rightly  observes  that  it 
"  contiene  in  se  una  fizione  assai  oscura," 
it  demands  more  than  a  passing  notice.  Is  it 
to  be  taken  literally  or  allegorical  ly  ?  Had 
the  poet  been  a  member  of  the  Franciscan 
Order  as  novice  or  professed,  or  merely 
as  a  Tertiary  ?  or  is  his  allusion  to  be  taken 
as  a  symbol  of  asceticism  only  ?  Also  does 
the  lonza  symbolize  lust,  as  the  cord  is. 
emblematic  of  purity  ?  Supporters  in  the 
affirmative  of  each  question  are  not  lacking 
(nor  rejectors  in  the  negative),  and  their' 
very  multiplicity  of  views  only  serves  to- 
deepen  the  obscurity  of  the  passage.  But 
references  to  and  excerpts  from  a  few  such 
may  prove  serviceable  to  students,  as  guides 
to  an  interesting,  if  insoluble  Danteian 
problem.  Thus — 

A. 

"  Francesco  da  Buti,  che  nello  stesso  secolo  XIV. 
comento  Dante,  racconta  (V.  '  Mem.  per  la  Vita  di 
Dante,'  §8)  che  questi  essendo  ancor  giovane  si  fece 
Frate  dell'  Ordine  dei  Minori ;  ma  che  prima  di 
fanne  la  prot'essione  ne  depose  1'abito,  la  qual 
circostanza  pero  non  si  accenna  da  verun'  altro- 
scrittore  della  Vita  di  Dante." 
So  far  the  writer  of  the  '  Vita '  prefacing 
Lombardi's  commentary  (ed.  Roma,  1820), 
who,  however,  almost  in  self-contradiction, 
adds  in  a  foot-note  : — 

"Anche  il  P.  Giovanni  di  S.  Antonio  ha  postq 
Dante  tra  Francescani :  citendo  1'autorita  di  alcuni 
scrittori  del  suo  Ordine  i  quali  han  creduto,  ch'  egli 
sul  fin  della  vita  si  facesse  prima  Terziario,  poi: 
anche  vero  Religiose  dell'  Ordine  stesso  ('Biol.. 
Francisc.'  torn.  i.  p.  290)  ma  queste  son  fa  vole." 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


Buti's  words,  as  supplied  by  Scartazzini, 
are  emphatic  : — 

"Dante fu    frate    minore;    ma    non  vi    fece 

professione  nel  tempo  della  sua  fanciullezza  (i.  438) 

Per  questo  appare    che    che  '1  nostro  autore 

infine  quando  era  garzone  s'innamorasse  de  la  S. 
Scrittura  ;  e  questo  credo  che  fusse  quando  si  fece 
frate  dell '  Ordine  di  S.  Francesco,  del  quale  uscitte 
inariti  che  facesse  professione.''— II.  735. 

B.  Dean  Plumptre  remarks  : — 

"  Taken  by  itself,  the  passage  would  imply  that 
at  some  time  or  other  in  his  life  Dante  had  become 
a  member  of  the  Tertiary  Section  of  the  Order,  who 
were  not  bound  by  the  stricter  vows  of  poverty  and 
celibacy.  Add  to  this  (1)  that  Buti,  one  of  the 
earliest  commentators,  speaks  of  this,  here  and  on 
'Par.'  xxx.  42,  as  an  'undoubted  fact';  (2)  that 
Dante  speaks  with  more  enthusiasm  of  St.  Francis 
than  of  any  other  saint  in  Paradise  ('Par.'  xi.) ;  (3) 
that  Giotto's  painting  at  Assisi  represents  a  figure 
coming  to  St.  Francis,  in  which  we  recognize  the 
poet's  unmistakable  features ;  and  (4)  that  at  his 
death  he  was  buried,  by  his  own  desire,  in  the  dress 
of  the  Order ;  and  there  seems,  I  think,  sufficient 
reason  to  follow  Scart,  and  other  commentators  (see 
especially  Weg.  446)  in  adopting  that  conclusion. 
If  1  am  right  in  thinking  that  it  is  in  a  high  degree 
probable  that  he  met  Roger  Bacon,  the  great 
Franciscan  friar,  at  Oxford  (Contemp.  Rev,,  Nov., 
1881)  before  his  exile,  we  may  perhaps  look  to  that 
as  the  time  when  he  first  girt  himself  with  the 
symbolic  cord." 

C.  Lombard!   (himself  a  Conventual  Friar 
Minor)  observes  (ed.  Roma,  1791)  : — 

"  Questo  luogo  (chiosa  il  Landino)  contiene  in 
se  una  fizione  assai  oscura.  Alquanti  dicono,  che 
Dante  in  sua  puerizia  prese  1'abito  di  S.  Francisco, 

e  dopo  parti  tosi  lo  lascio Di  questa  corda  non  ne 

fanno  parola  i  moderni  spositori  Volpi,  e  Venturi " 
(Ed.  Padova,  1727,  and  Lucca,  1732,  respectively). 

He  adds  in  a  foot-note  : — 

"  L'  autore  delle  *  Memorie  per  la  Vita  di  Dante ' 
pltre  di  riferire  detto  dal  Buti  il  medesimo  che  dice 
il  Landino,  aggiunge  la  testimonianza  di  F.  Antonio 
Tognocchi  da  Terrinca,  che  fosse  Dante  e  morisse 
Terziario  del  Francescano  Ordine." 

D.  The  Rev.  H.  F.  Tozer  writes  :— 
"According  to  Buti,  Dante  was  at  one  time  a 

member  of  the  Third  Order  of  the  Franciscans, 
whose  emblem  was  the  cord,  from  which  they  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Cordiglieri  (cp.  '  Inf.,'  xxvii.  67, 
68).  As  this  statement  is  not  confirmed  by  any 
other  authority,  it  may  not  be  true." 
But  the  "  statement "  is,  as  we  have  just 
seen,  confirmed  by  "  other  authority  "  than 
that  of  Buti.  The  testimonies  of  P.  Gio- 
vanni di  S.  Antonio  and  F.  Antonio  Tog- 
nocchi, together  with  Giotto's  painting  at 
Assisi  and  Dante's  being  buried  at  his  own 
desire  in  the  Franciscan  habit,  constitute 
a  somewhat  respectable  authority  sup- 
porting Buti's  "  statement,"  which  he  prof- 
fered as  an  "  undoubted  fact."  Besides,  the 
evidence,  even  standing  alone,  of  so  early 


a  commentator,  justifies  the  adoption  of 
his  statement  that  the  poet  "  fu  frate 
minore  ;  ma  non  vi  fece  professione."  This, 
of  course,  means  a  postulant  or  novice  of  the 
First  Order,  and  not  merely  the  Third  (or 
Tertiary),  as  Dean  Plumptre  and  Mr.  Tozer 
take  it  to  signify,  although  Dante  wasjpro- 
bably  a  Tertiary  both  before  and  after  his- 
brief  probation  as  Friar  Minor,  and  Tertiaries 
undergo  a  probationary  year  of  noviceship 
and  have  a  habit  (minus  the  cowl),  which 
they  wear  at  functions  in  church,  and  in 
which  they  are  buried.  This,  however,  is 
far  removed  from  the  status  of  a  "  Frate 
Minore." 

II.  However,  habit  or  no  habit  suchTas 
that  of  the  latter,  how  is  Dante's  own  state- 
ment, that  with  the  cord 

which  round  my  waist  I  wore, 
And  with  it  once  of  old  I  thought  to  take 
The  panther  with  its  skin  all  dappled  o'er, 

to  be  understood  ?  Literally  or  symbolic- 
ally ?  If  the  latter,  as  is  presumably  the  case, 
we  enter  upon  a  veritable  quagmire  of  in- 
vestigation. Let  me  cull  a  specimen  or  two 
from  the  critics  already  laid  under  embargo 
for  the  question  of  the  poet's  friarship. 

A.-  Dean  Plumptre  : — 

"Assuming  the  ethical  interpretation  of  the- 
three  beasts  of  C.  i.  32-54,  the  panther,  it  will 
be  remembered  represented  the  sin  of  sensu- 
ality. The  '  cord '  must,  therefore,  be  the 
symbol  of  that  which  seemed  to  promise  a 
victory  over  sensuality,  i.e.,  the  rule  of  an 

ascetic  life It  may  be  noted  that  in  the  visions 

he  [Dante]  wears  it  [the  cord]  just  as  long  as  he  is 

in  contact  with  sins  of  sensuality,  and  no  longer 

Other  interpreters  see  in  the  cord  the  symbol  of 
fraud,  or  integrity,  or  truth,  or  vigilance,  or  self- 
righteousness.  And  so  the  reader  must  decide. 
The  lines  which  follow  show,  at  any  rate,  that  the 
poet  had  some  symbolic  meanincr  in  his  thoughts." 

B.  Gary  says: — 

"  It  is  believed  that  pur  poet,  in  the  earlier  part 
of  his  life,  had  entered  into  the  Order  of  St.  Francis. 
By  observing  the  rules  of  that  profession,  he  had 
designed  to  mortify  his  carnal  appetites,  or,  as  he 
expresses  it,  'to  take  the  painted  leopard'  (that 
animal  which  represented  Pleasure)  'with  this 
cord.'  This  part  of  the  habit  he  is  now  desired  by 
Virgil  to  take  off;  and  it  is  thrown  down  the  gulf, 
to  allure  Geryon  to  them  with  the  expectation  of 
carrying  down  one  who  had  cloaked  his  iniquities 
under  the  garb  of  penitence  and  self-mortification  ; 
and  thus  (to  apply  to  Dante  on  this  occasion  the 
words  of  Milton) 

He,  as  Franciscan,  thought  to  pass  disguised." 

C.  Mr.  Tozer' s  view  is  : — 

"The  'panther  with  the  spotted  skin'  signifies 
lust,  and  the  cord  by  which  Dante  had  proposed  to 
master  it  signifies  the  restrictions  of  the  ascetic 

life Since  the  meaning  of  this  emblem  [the  cord] 

was,  as  St.  Francis  intended  it  to  be,  that  the  body 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  im 


as  a  beast  which  requires  to  be  checked  by  a  halter 
Dante  in  any  case  may  be  referring  to  it  here  as 
symbolizing  asceticism.  But  when  Virgil  uses  this 
•cord  as  a  signal  to  summon  Geryon,  who  is  the  per 
Bonification  of  fraud,  a  different  form  of  symbolisn 
is  introduced.  Here  it  seems  to  be  the  emblem  o: 
truth  or  righteousness,  in  accordance  with  such 
Scriptural  expressions  as  'having  your  loins  gir* 
About  with  truth,'  Eph.  vi.  14 ;  righteousness  shal 
be  the  girdle  of  his  '  loins,'  Is.  xi.  5  ;  and  it  is  usec 
here,  because  it  is  by  truth  that  fraud  is  forced  to 
•come  to  the  light  and  show  itself." 

D.  Scartazzini's  impression  is  : — 

"  Gli  antichi,  Bamb.,  Land.,  Ott.,  An.,  Fior., 
An.  Sal.,  Petr.,  D.,  Post,  Cass.,  Benv.,  Dan.,  &c., 
Accusano  a  questo  luogo  Dante  di  frode  usata  verso 
le  donne,  di  cui  vogliono  che  la  frode  sia  simbolo. 
Per  il  piu  dei  moderni  la  corda  simboleggia  una 

.qualche  virtu  che  Dante but  to  via  !    Se  la  lonza 

ngura  la  lussuria,  il  senso  sara  :  Vestendo  1'  abito  di 
.S.  Francesco  mi  lusingai  di  poter  vincere  le  tenta- 
ziorii  dolla  carne.  Se  ppi  la  lonza  e,  come  nella 
Bibbia.*  il  simbolo  dell'  incredulita,  il  poeta  vorra 
•dire  :  Credetti  di  farmi  credente,  facendomi  Fran- 
•cescario." 

E.  Lombard!   rejects   the   hypocrisy   and 
fraud  theories,   and  interprets  the    allusion 
thus  : — 

"  Questo  pare  a  me,  ch'  esser  debba  1'  interidi- 
mento  del  poeta :  ch'  egli  cioe  per  cingersi  del 
Francescario  cordone,  pensasse  alcuna  volta  (ch'  e 
mianto  a  dire  una  volta]  di  prendere,  cioe  di  frenare 
di  sensuale  appetite,  gia  di  sopra  per  la  lonza  indi- 
•cato ;  e  che  il  cordone  medesimo  portando  egli 
tuttavia,  come  terziario  dell'  Ordine  stesso,  facessolo 
•quiyi  servire  ad  ingannare  e  far  venir  sopra 
Gerione." 

Thus  and  thus  do  the  commentators  use 
the  hapless  lonza  as  a  shuttlecock  which  they 
battledore  one  to  the  other,  some,  as  Scartaz- 
"zini  reminds  us,  making  it  the  symbol  of  its 
unfortunate  creator's  various  misdemeanours, 
whilst  others  regard  it  as  that  of  certain 
virtues  which  he  had  once  possessed  !  Yet, 
after  all,  where  the  key  to  a  mystery  is  itself 
mysterious,  it  is  inevitable  that  there  should 
be  differences  of  opinion.  Lonza  is  the  key 
to  corda,  as  it  in  turn  is  to  lonza.  But  who 
is  sufficient  to  use  the  keys  aright  ?  All 
attempts  to  do  so  must  necessarily  remain 
.attempts,  and  nothing  more.  Says  Scartaz- 
zini  at  '  Inf.'  i.  31-60  :— 

"  Queste  tre  fiere  sorio  evidentemente  tolte  da 
•Gerem.  v.  6.  Indubbio  e  pure  che  esse  hannp  qui 
un  senso  allegorico.  Ma  1'  allegoria  delle  tre  fieri  e 
uno  dei  punti  piu  difficili'e  controversi  del  poema." 

Precisely.  The  allegory  here,  at  the  very 
outset  of  the  *  Commedia,'  is  about  as  difficult 
of  penetration  as  is  any  other  part  where  so 
much  is  allegorical.  But  let  a  sweet  reason- 
ableness, and  not  dogmatism,  guide  investiga- 

*  Not  assuredly  in  Jer.  v.  6,  where  the  leopard 
.stands  for  the  stealth  of  divine  judgments. 


tion.  It  is  surely  possible  to  view  the  lonza 
(panther  or  leopard  ?)  through  variously 
coloured  lenses,  and  yet  restrain  self-assert- 
iveness.  Where  so  much  is  doubtful,  there 
should  be  more  liberty — of  view.  For  the 
question  may  extend  to  political  as  well  as  to 
ethical  symbolism.  Thus,  as  Dean  Plumptre 
observes, 

''possibly,  as  a  whole  school  of  commentators 
(Foscolo,  Rossetti,  and  others)  have  suggested, 
there  may  be  an  underlying  political  symbolism  as 
well,  and  the  three  hearts  may  stand  for  Florence, 
France,  arid  the  Papal  Curia  respectively,  as  typical 
representatives  of  those  vices.  What  Dante  calls 
('Ep.  to  Can  Grande')  the  nature  of  his  poems,  as 
'  manifold  in  meaning,'  makes  a  double  interpreta- 
tion probable,  and  it  is  perhaps  in  favour  of  this 
view  that  Jerome  ('Comm.  in  Jer.,'  v.  6),  while 
accepting  the  moral  allegory,  suggests  also  that  the 
lion  is  the  symbol  of  the  Babylonian  monarchy,  the 
wolf  of  the  Medo-Persian,  and  the  leopard  or  that 
of  Alexander  the  Great ;  the  spots  of  the  leopard's 
skin  representing  the  mingled  population  of  the 
Macedonian  monarchy,  as  to  the  interpreters  above- 
named  they  represent  the  factions  that  destroyed 
the  peace  of  Florence." 

The    Conte    Giovanni    Marchetti,    in    his 
'  Discorso  della  prima  e  principale  Allegoria 
del   Poema   di   Dante,'    also   sees   a   similar 
political  symbolism  in  the  three  beasts,  with 
the  exception  that  to  him  the  wolf  typifies 
rather     "  la    podesta     secolare    di    Roma " 
than  the  Roman  Court  or  Curia.     Gary  thinks 
it    "  far   from  improbable  that    our   author 
might  have  had  a  second  allegory  of  this  sort 
in  his  view  "  ;  whilst  Mr.  Tozer  is  certain  that 
"  the  primary  allegorical  meaning  of  these 
is  three  forms  of  temptation — lust,  pride,  and 
avarice — which  present    themselves    to    the 
converted  soul  on  its  upward  course,"  and 
that  "  the  lonza  is  thus  interpreted  in  '  Inf.' 
xvi.     108."     Unfortunately,    I    discover    no 
such  interpretation  there,  for  Geryon  repre- 
sents, or  is,  the  "  image  vile  of  fraud,"  not 
of  sensuality,   and  the  cord  then  becomes, 
according  to  some,  the  symbol  of  hypocrisy, 
or,  according  to  others,  of  truth.       But   in 
reality   the   lonza  may   primarily   stand  for 
any  vice,  from  hypocrisy  to  unbelief,  with  the 
cord  for  their  opposite  virtues  ;    and  second- 
arily may  symbolize,  politically  and  ethically, 
ungrateful    and   sensuous    Florence,    as    the 
ion   of    Jeremiah    is    held     to    body   forth 
Babylon  and  uncleanness.     Would  the  cord 
hen  signify  yearning  and  purity  combined  ? 
3n  this  supposition  Florence  and  lust  would 
3e  synonymous,  and  the  lonza  be  emblematic 
of  both.     Where  so  much  is  uncertain  it  is 
^orse   than   waste    of   time    to    dogmatize ; 
ret  critics  will  continue  to  theorize  until  the 
nigma  be  solved  for  them  by  Dante  himself. 

J.  B.  McGovEBN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


DODSLEY'S  FAMOUS  COLLECTION  OF 
POETRY. 

(See  10  S.  vi.  361,  402  ;  vii.  3,  82,  284,  404, 
442  ;  viii.  124,  183,  384,  442  ;  ix.  3,  184, 
323,  463  ;  x.  103,  243.) 

POEMS  by  William  Hall  are  inserted  in 
v.  204-9,  308  ;  vi.  148-58. 

He  was  son  and  heir  of  William  Hall,  of 
Wood  Street,  City  of  London,  gent.,  to  quote 
the  description  of  him  which  was  given  when 
he  was  entered  at  the  Middle  Temple  on 
22  Feb.,  1727/8.  He  had  been  to  school 
at  Eton,  and  on  20  July,  1719 — his  birthday 
being  31  July — was  placed  fifteenth  out  of 
twenty-one  on  the  list  for  a  scholarship, 
succeeding  to  a  vacancy  before  the  next 
annual  election.  On  5  Aug.,  1723,  he  ob- 
tained the  eighth  place  out  of  twelve  on  the 
list  for  admission  to  a  scholarship  at  King's 
College,  Cambridge,  but  his  claims  were  post- 
poned. At  the  next  election  (27  July,  1724) 
he  was  placed  first,  and  duly  succeeded. 

Hall  was  dismissed  from  Eton  on  8  Dec., 
1724,  and  four  days  later  was  admitted  a 
scholar  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  his 
place  of  birth  being  stated  as  London. 
On  13  Dec.,  1727,  he  became  a  Fellow,  and 
he  took  the  degrees  of  B.A.  1728,  M.A.  1732. 
He  never  held  any  of  the  statutable  offices  in 
the  college,  but  was  a  ;'  Poser  "  at  the  Eton 
elections  of  1741  and  1742.  In  accordance 
with  the  statutes,  he  was  diverted  on  29  Nov., 
1742,  to  the  study  of  physic  ;  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  the  senior  Fellow 
of  his  college.  For  the  dates  of  his  connexion 
with  Eton  and  Kind's  College  I  am  indebted 
to  Mr.  F.  L.  Clarke,  Bursar's  Clerk  at  the 
latter  place. 

Latin  verses  by  Hall  are  inserted  in  the 
University  collection  on  the  death  of  George  I. 
and  the  accession  of  George  II. ,  1727.  From 
schooldays  to  old  age  he  was  an  intimate 
friend  of  Nicholas  Hardinge,  and  "  the  bosom 
friend  and  most  enthusiastic  admirer "  of 
Pratt,  the  first  Lord  Camden.  He  was  in 
and  out  of  their  houses  like  a  relation,  and 
is  introduced  by  Hardinge  into  some  Latin 
and  English  verses  as  making,  while  at  his 
house  of  Canbury,  Kingston-upon-Thames, 
in  1749,  a  kite  for  his  children.  When  Sir 
Edward  Walpole  was  Postmaster-General 
he  gave  Hall  the  place  of  solicitor  to  the 
Post  Office,  which  made  him  independent. 
He  was  also  Deputy-Master  of  the  Exchequer 
Office,  and  secretary  and  first  assistant  to 
the  Pipe  Office.  Lords  Jersey,  Clarendon, 
and  Hampden  were  also  among  his  friends  ; 
and  from  his  dignity  of  manners  and  air 
of  prosperity  he  was  dubbed  by  his  associates 


with  the  title  of  Prince  Hall.  His  charac- 
teristics were  "  a  good  person,  a  mild  and 
pleasing  countenance, ....  a  ready  fund  of 
good  sense,  propriety  of  manners,  grace  of 
thought  and  of  expression,  a  poetical  ear, 
and  a  most  admirable  taste."  He  frequented 
Tom's  Coffee-House  in  Devereux  Court, 
and  loved  his  chambers,  his  books,  and  the 
society  of  the  Benchers  of  the  Middle  Temple. 
Bat  he  was  very  licentious  in  life,  became 
at  first  weak,  next  childish,  then  absolutely 
an  idiot,  passing  "  into  the  wildest  paroxysm 
of  delirium,  in  which  he  died  "  (George  Hard- 
inge). 

Hall  died  at  his  chambers  in  New  Court 
in  the  Middle  Temple  on  28  Feb.,  1767, 
and  was  carried  out  to  be  buried  at  Islington 
on  7  March.  Akenside  in  1750  addressed 
an  ode  to  him  "  with  the  works  of  Chaulieu." 
The  first  edition  (40  copies  in  all)  of  Jeremiah 
Markland' s  "  De  Graecorum  quinta  declina- 
tione  imparisyllabica  et  inde  formata 
Latinorum  tertia,  quaestio  grammatical 
was  printed  at  Hall's  expense  in  1761,  and 
was  dedicated  to  him  as  "  amicissimo  viro, 
W.  H.  armig0,  non  ut  patrono  cliens,  sed 
ut  amico  amicus,"  because  he  was  accustomed 
willingly  to  read  classical  discussions  of  this 
kind,  and  because  there  was  no  one  to  whose 
kindness  Markland  owed  more.  It  was 
also  annexed  in  1763  to  an  edition  of  the 
'  Supplices  Mulieres  '  of  Euripides.  At  p.  50 
of  the  1761  ed.,  p.  253  of  the  1763  ed., 
Markland  referred  "  ad  Latinos  et  in  primis 
ad  Delicias  tuas  (et  cujus  non  cui  mens  sana 
est  ?)  Horatium."  "  Part  of  a  Preface  to 
Mr.  Hall's  [expected]  Poem,  written  3  Nov., 
1746,"  is  in  the  '  Poems  by  Nicholas  Hard- 
inge,' pp.  152-3.  Hall's  '  Sonnet  to  Nicholas 
Hardinge  on  the  First  Impression  of  Lauder  s 
Forgeries,'  is  in  the  same  volume,  pp.  220-2. 
It  is  included  in  Dodd,  '  Epigrammatists ' 
2nd  ed.,  p.  424,  and,  with  two  other  of  his 
poems,  in  Nichols,  '  Literary  Anecdotes,* 
viii.  518-20. 

[Gent.  Mag.,  1767,  p.  144 ;  Harwood, 
'  Alumni  Eton.,'  p.  314  ;  '  Burials  at  Temple 
Church,'  ed.  H.  G.  Woods,  1905,  p.  66  ; 
Akenside,  '  Poems,'  ed.  Dyce,  1866,  pp.  xl- 
xli ;  Nichols,  '  Lit.  Anecdotes,'  iv.  327  ; 
N.  Hardinge,  '  Poems,'  ed.  George  Hardinge,, 
1818,  pp.  95,  165,221.] 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

(To  be  continued.) 


SERVIAN  NAMES. — Some  years  ago  I  was 
privileged  to  discuss  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  the  names 
of  the  rival  families  Karageorgievitch  and 
Obrenovitch.  I  have  just  glanced  through 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  im 


the  life  of  the  eminent  patriot  and  reformer 
of  Servian  orthography  Vuk  Stephanovitch 
Karadjitch,  and  find  that  surnames,  at  least 
in  his  day,  were  determined  by  chance  or 
rule  of  thumb.  His  patronymic  Stephano- 
vitch— varied  occasionally  by  Stephanson 
and  Stephanide — is  formed  regularly  accord- 
ing to  the  rule  observed  in  Russia,  which 
appears  to  have  lapsed  among  the  other 
Slavs.  In  adopting  the  surname  Karadjitch 
Vuk  wrote  that  he  took  it  because  that  was 
the  ancient  name  of  the  family,  though  his 
grandfather  had  borne  the  name  Bandula 
applied  sometimes  to  his  own  father. 

The  future  man  of  letters  was  christened 
Vuk  (wolf)  so  that  he  might  escape  witches, 
who  devoured  children,  according  to  Servian 
folk-lore,  but  dared  not  assail  wolves. 

FRANCIS  P.  MABCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

[MR.  MARCHANT'S  former  article  appeared  at  9  S. 
xii.  86.] 

'k  GEABD." — It  is  a  pity  to  discuss  the 
word  "  yard  "  under  the  heading  "  Vergel," 
with  which  it  has  nothing  to  do  ;  but  one 
cannot  well  admit  the  statement  which  I 
quote  from  ante,  p.  234  : — 

"  I  know  that  attempts  are  made  to  separate  Old 
English  geard,  a  yard  measure,  from  geard,  an  en- 
closed yard  ;  but  they  seem  to  me  unfounded.'' 
It  is  a  question  not  of  opinion,  but  of  fact  ; 
and  the  above  statement  has  only  been  ob- 
tained by  quoting  a  bogus  A.-S.  form.  There 
is  no  such  word  as  the  alleged  "  Old  English 
geard,  a  yard  measure." 

The  fact  is  that  it  is  impossible  not  to  see 
the  marked  difference  between  the  A.-S. 
gerd,  gird,  gierd,  gyrd,  a  rod,  a  yard  measure, 
and  the  A.-S.  geard,  a  court,  an  enclosed 
yard. 

First,  the  A.-S.  geard,  a  court,  is  masculine  ; 
secondly,  the  radical  vowel  is  a,  broken 
into  ea  before  rd  ;  and  thirdly,  it  has  many 
cognate  forms,  notably  the  Icel.  gardr  (with 
d  like  dh),  whence  the  North  Eng.  garth  ; 
the  O.H.G.  gart,  whence  the  derived  G. 
garten  (E.  garden)  ;  Goth,  gards,  a  house  ; 
Du.  gaard,  a  yard  ;  O.  Irish  gort,  a  field  ; 
L.  hortus. 

But  the  A.-S.  gerd  (also  spelt  gird,  gierd, 
gyrd,  but  never  geard*},  meaning  a  rod,  is 
feminine  ;  secondly,  the  vowel  is  not  radical, 
but  mutated  ;  and  thirdly,  it  has  different 
cognate  forms,  viz.,  Dutch  garde,  a  rod, 
twig,  Ger.  gerte  ;  O.H.G.  gerta. 

Another  easy  way  of  separating  the  words 
is  by  observing  their  declensions.  Geard 


*  Except  by  mistake  in  the  latest  MS.  of  the 
A.-S.  Chronicle,'  and  in  a  miscopied  gloss. 


a  court,  has  the  genitive  geardes,  and  the 
nominative  plural  geardas ;  whereas  gerd, 
a  rod,  has  the  gen.  gerde,  and  the  nom.  pi. 


There  is  nothing  to  show  that  the  words 
are  connected.  If  they  had  formerly  been 
so,  it  will  be  observed  that  geard,  a  court, 
is  the  more  original  in  form,  having  a  primary 
vowel.  But  gerd,  a  rod,  shows  a  mutation 
from  a  primary  a,  and  would  be  the  deriva- 
tive. The  former  answers  to  a  Teutonic 
type  *gardoz,  but  the  latter  to  a  Teutonic 
type  *gardjd. 

The  fact  is,  however,  that  they  are  well 
distinguished  in  Slavonic.  The  A.-S.  geard 
answers  to  the  Russian  gorod\  a  term  (as 
in  Nov-gorod),  Polish  grod.  But  the  A.-S. 
gerd  answers  to  the  Russian  zherd(e),  a  rod, 
Polish  zerdzh.  WAI/TEB  W.  SKEAT. 

BBEMBBE  OB  BBAMBBE.  (See  ante,  p.  236. ) 
— No  doubt  Sir  H.  B.  POLAND  quotes  cor- 
rectly the  form  of  the  name  given  in  the 
authorities  to  which  he  refers.  But  the 
spelling  in  the  records  of  the  Corporation 
is  Brembre.  I  have  had  occasion  to  search 
the  Letter-Books  carefully  in  preparing  my 
volume  on  '  The  Aldermen  of  London,' 
and  to  the  best  of  my  recollection  the  name 
is  always  spelt  with  e.  Certainly,  if  there 
is  any  variant,  it  is  of  such  rare  occurrence 
as  to  be  negligible. 

The  same  form  appears  in  Gregory's 
'  Chronicle  '  and  in  the  Cotton  MS.  Julius 
B.  II.,  recently  printed  by  Mr.  Kingsford 
in  his  '  Chronicles  of  London.' 

'  A  Short  English  Chronicle  '  (Lambeth  MS. 
306),  edited  by  Mr.  Gairdner  for  the  Camden 
Society,  has  "  BrembZe." 

ALFBED  B.  BEAVEN.  M.A. 

"  PETEBSBUBG  "  OB  "  ST.  PETEBSBUBG." — 
""  St.  Petersburg "  is  unquestionably  the 
name  popularly  given  to  the  capital  of  Russia, 
but  its  correctness  is  frequently  called  in 
question,  objectors  maintaining,  with  some 
show  of  probability,  that  the  city  on  the 
Neva  was  named  after  Peter  the  Great, 
not  after  the  saint.  The  term  "  St.  Peters- 
burg "  is  at  least  of  long  standing  over  a 
large  range  of  country,  for  in  the  great  atlas 
published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Chinese 
Emperor  Ch'ien  Lung  in  1750,  the  Chinese 
characters  denoting  the  Russian  capital 
represent,  when  romanized,  the  sounds 
'  San  po  te  erh  pu."  This  is  at  least  con- 
tributory evidence  in  favour  of  the  popular 
form.  G.  M.  H.  P. 

Foochow. 

[Russians  officially  write  "  St.  Petersburg,"  but 
liey  commonly  say  "  Peterburg.'1] 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


THE  PORTMAN  ESTATES. — The  following 
extract  from  a  suburban  newspaper  affords 
a  curious  instance  of  the  manner  in  which 
local  history  is  taught  nowadays.  It  is, 
of  course,  well  known  that  the  London 
property  of  Lord  Portman  has  been  in  the 
uninterrupted  possession  of  the  family  since 
it  was  conveyed  to  Sir  William  Portman, 
Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  in  the  first 
year  of  Queen  Mary's  reign  : — 

"  Lord  Portman,  like  the  Dukes  of  Bedford  and 
Westminster,  and  Lord  Howard  de  Walden,  is 
fortunate  enough  to  be  among  the  great  ground 
landlords  of  the  West  End  of  London.  The  Port- 
mans  have  always  been  extensive  landowners  in 
Dorsetshire,  but  the  way  in  which  the  London 
estates  came  into  the  family  is  something  of  a 
romance.  Nearly  200  years  ago,  an  ancestor  of  Lord 
Portman's  kept  a  famous  herd  of  cows,  and  found, 
when  he  went  to  town,  that  London  milk  was  very 
inferior  to  what  he  was  accustomed  to  in  Dorset- 
shire. So  he  decided  to  bring  up  some  of  his  own 
cows,  and  bought  a  couple  of  fields  to  keep  them  in, 
close  to  his  London  residence.  Those  two  fields  are 
now  the  site  of  Portman  Square,  which,  with  its 
adjoining  streets,  represents  some  of  the  most 
valuable  property  in  London." 

At  the  same  time  I  must  confess  that  I 
cannot  help  viewing  with  a  sympathetic  eye 
these  attempts  to  infuse  a  little  life  into  the 
dry  bones  of  London  history. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

CONWAY  CHARTER. — The  charter  of  this 
town  temp.  Richard  II.  is  in  private  hands. 
Those  interested  in  the  town  may  be  glad 
to  know  this.  MRS.  COPE. 

LLANGOULEN.  —  This  chapel  is  of  very 
ancient  origin.  A  particularly  interesting 
lawsuit  arose  about  pew  rights  in  it  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  A  market  was  granted 
to  the  town.  I  have  lately  been  studying 
some  interesting  deeds  relating  to  this  part. 

MRS.  COPE. 

WREXHAM. — Any  one  writing  the  history 
of  Flintshire  and  Denbighshire  may  be  in- 
terested to  know  that  a  Muster  Roll  of  1644 
is  in  my  possession.  MRS.  COPE. 

18,  Harrington  Court,  S.W. 

CRASHAW  AND   MAXIMILIAN   SANDJEUS. 

The  best-known  line  of  Crashaw's  Latin 
poetry  is  undoubtedly  the  last  of  the  quatrain 
on  the  miracle  at  Cana,  which  first  appeared 
in  his  '  Epigrammatum  Sacrorum  Liber ' 
(Cantab.,  1634),  p.  37  in  Mr.  A.  R.  Waller's 
edition  of  Crashaw  : — 

Joann.  2. 

Aquse  in  vinum  versse. 
Unde  rubor  vestris,  &  non  sua  purpura  lymphis  ? 

Quee  rosa  mirantes  tarn  nova  mutat  aquas  ? 
Numen  (convivse)  preesens  agnoscite  Numen : 
Nympha  pudica  Deum  vidit,  &  erubuit. 


I  do  not  know  whether  it  has  ever  been 
pointed  out  that  Crashaw  seems  to  have  been 
indebted  here  to  the  Jesuit  Maximilianus 
Sandaeus  (van  der  Sandt,  1578-1656).  In 
the  latter 's  '  Maria  rFlos  mysticus  siue  Ora- 
tiones  Ad  Sodales  in  festivitatibus  deiparse 
Habitse  desumpta  materia  a  floribus  cum 
figuris  Ereis,'  printed  at  Mainz  in  1629,  on 
p.  24,  opposite  the  beginning  of  the  first 
oration  ('Maria  in  Purificatione  Rosa'), 
is  an  emblem,  a  rose  with  a  picture  in  its 
centre  of  the  presentation  in  the  Temple, 
and  under  it  the  distich, 

Vin'  scire  unde  suum  rosa  Candida  traxerit  ostrum  ? 
Purgantem  vidit  Virginem,  et  erubuit. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
Central-Hotel,  Frankfurt  a.  M. 

[Many  communications  have  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q. 
concerning  Crashaw's  famous  line.  See  1  S.  vi. 
358 ;  viii.  242 ;  4  S.  iv.  198,  244 ;  6  S.  viii.  165,  294  ; 
7  S.  v.  301.  Mr.  King  in  the  1904  edition  of  his 
'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  quotes  the  line 
as  from  a  1634  London  edition  of  Crashaw.  ] 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


OMAR  KHAYYAM  BIBLIOGRAPHY. — I  desire 
the  co-operation  of  all  who  are  interested 
in  the  production  of  '  A  Bibliography  of  the 
Rubaiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam,  with  Notes 
for  an  Anthology  of  Kindred  Literature.' 
Apart  from  the  various  translations  in 
English  and  many  foreign  languages,  and 
the  numerous  editions  of  the  '  Rubaiyat ' 
published  both  in  America  and  abroad, 
all  matter  on  the  subject  will  be  included, 
such  as  verses,  parodies,  criticisms,  magazine 
and  newspaper  items,  &c.  It  is  especially 
desired  to  procure  the  dates  and  original 
sources  of  everything  printed  on  the  subject. 

The  work  will  be  issued  during  the  early 
months  of  1909,  and  not  later  than  31  March, 
the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
Edward  FitzGerald.  The  book  will  be 
dedicated  to  the  Omar  Khayyam  Club  of 
America,  and  the  edition  will  be  strictly 
limited.  I  desire  to  make  this  bibliography 
as  complete  as  possible,  and  any  sugges- 
tions and  items  of  interest  will  be  gratefully 
acknowledged.  H.  M.  SCHROETER. 

339£,  South  Hill  Street,  Los  Angeles,  U.S.A. 

WINSION'S  '  THE  THEATRIC  TOURIST.' — 
I  should  be  obliged  to  any  reader  who  could 
acquaint  me  with  the  name  and  address  of 
the  present  owner  of  the  special  copy  of 
Winston's  'Theatric  Tourist,'  sold  at 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  UOB. 


Sotheby's  in  June,  1899.  It  was  lot  No.  807 
in  the  Wright  Collection,  and  was  described 
as  follows  in  the  catalogue  : — 

"Theatric  Tourist;  being  a  Genuine  Collection  of 
Correct  Views,  with  brief  and  authentic  Accounts 
of  all  the  Principal  Provincial  Theatres  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  24  beautifully  coloured  plates, 
with  the  24  original  drawings  of  the  engravings, 
also  66  original  and  unpublished  drawings  of  other 
Provincial  Theatres  beautifully  bound  in  2  vols. 

green  morocco  extra 4to,  1805.    This  interesting 

work  was  discontinued  after  the  publication  of 
part  viii.  for  want  of  public  support,  and  the  un- 
published drawings  contained  in  this  copy  are  those 
which  were  made  for  the  subsequent  numbers,  but 
which  were  never  issued." 

The  information  sought  is  wanted  for 
purely  literary  purposes. 

W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 
82,  Shelbourne  Road,  Dublin. 

FRIENDLY  BROTHERS  or  ST.  PATRICK. — 
Can  any  reader  supply  information  as  to  the 
origin  of  this  order,  or  as  to  its  history  prior 
to  1751  ?  All  records  before  this  date  have 
been  unfortunately  destroyed.  D.  M.  J. 
Dublin. 

MEDITERRANEAN  :  FIRST  USE  OF  THE 
NAME. — In  Smith's  'Dictionary  of  Greek 
and  Roman  Geography,'  under  '  Internum 
Mare,'  we  read  : — 

"The  epithet  '  Mediterranean'  is  not  used  in  the 
classical  writers,  and  was  first  employed  for  this 
sea  by  Solinus  (c.  22;  conf.  Isid.,  '  Orig.,'  xiii.  16). 
The  Greeks  of  the  present  day  call  it  the  *  White 
Sea  ('A(To»pt  OdXaaaa),  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
Black  Sea." 

I  have  looked  through  the  '  Polyhistor  ' 
of  Solinus,  and  cannot  find  the  word  "Mediter- 
raneus  "  there  ;  it  is  certainly  not  in  c.  22. 
I  believe,  therefore,  that  the  '  Origines ' 
or  '  Etymologiarum  libri  XX.'  of  St.  Isidore 
contains  at  the  above  place  the  first  known 
mention  of  the  modern  name  of  the  sea  ; 
and  with  this  agrees  the  reference  in  the 
*  N.E.D.'  to  the  seventh  century  as  its  earliest 
date. 

But  I  have  also  a  query  to  ask  on  another 
point  in  the  above  quotation  from  Smith's 
'Dictionary.'  Whence  comes  the  word 
ao-wpi  ?  Is  it  quite  modern  Greek  ?  It  is 
certainly  not  to  be  found  either  in  Liddell 
and  Scott  or  in  the  lexicon  of  Sophocles. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

QUICKS  WOOD,  CLOTHALL,  AND  THE  EARL 
OF  SALISBURY. — James,  sixth  Earl  of  Salis- 
bury, married  in  1743  Elizabeth,  sister  of 
the  Rev.  John  Keet,  Rector  of  Hatfield, 
by  whom  he  had  an  only  surviving  son, 
who  succeeded  him  at  his  demise.  The  Earl 


owned  the  manor  of  Quicks  Wood  in  Clothall 
parish,  and  there  is  a  tradition  in  North 
Herts  that  he  kept  "  a  fair  lady  "  in  the 
great  house  there,  much  to  the  annoyance 
of  his  son  and  heir.  At  the  death  of  the 
Earl  in  1780,  the  "lady,"  it  is  said,  was 
bundled  out  without  ceremony,  and  the 
house  immediately  razed  to  the  ground. 
The  massive  oaken  entrance  gates,  apparently 
of  Jacobean  design,  were  acquired  by  a 
builder,  who  re-erected  them  by  the  side 
of  his  house  in  High  Street,  Baldock,  where 
they  still  remain. 

Is  it  possible  to  obtain  any  confirmation 
of  this  tradition  ?  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

"  APPLE- JOHN  FACE." — In  reading  some 
chat  on  old  cricketers  I  came  across  one 
with  "  an  Apple- John  face."  Country  chil- 
dren used  to  be  noted  for  apple-red  cheeks, 
but  I  never  knew  one  said  to  have  "  an  Apple- 
John  face."  What  is  the  meaning  of  the 
phrase  ?  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

[See  the  speeches  in  '  2  Henry  IV.,'  Act  II.  so.  iv.  > 
and  the  quotations  in  the  'N.E.D.,'  s.v.  'Apple- 
John.'] 

OVOCA  OR  AVOCA  ? — Why  does  the  Great 
Western  Railway  persistently  advertise  the 
beautiful  Irish  valley  as  Ovoca  ?  I  have 
always  understood  it  to  be  Avoca,  Wexford. 

BRUTUS. 

ST.  BARBARA'S  FEATHER. — Can  any  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  why  St.  Barbara,  the 
patroness  of  Ferrara  and  Mantua,  sometimes 
holds  an  ostrich  or  peacock's  feather  ?  The 
books  I  have  read  give  no  explanation, 
and  at  Cologne,  where  the  saint  and  her 
feather  appear  in  several  pictures  of  the 
earliest  German  school,  the  Catholics  to 
whom  I  mentioned  the  symbol  were  quite 
in  the  dark  as  to  its  origin. 

NELLIE  L.  PARKER. 

PHILIP  STUBBS,  AUTHOR  OF  '  THE  ANATOMY 
OF  ABUSES.' — Can  any  one  give  some  infor- 
mation about  the  family  of  this  Philip 
Stubbs  ?  The  statements  made  by  Wood 
('  Athense  Oxonienses,'  ed.  Bliss,  vol.  i., 
cols.  645-6)  would  show  that  Philip  Stubbs, 
John  Stubbs  the  Puritan  zealot,  and  Arch- 
deacon Philip  Stubbs  (of  a  later  generation) 
all  came  of  the  same  Norfolk  family.  Wood 
says  that  Philip  Stubbs  was  "  born  of  genteel 
parents,  but  where,  one  of  his  descendants 
of  both  his  names  knows  not  "  ;  a  foot-note 
explains  that  this  "  descendant  "  was  "Philip 
Stubbs,  a  vintner,  living  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Andrew  Undershaft "  (the  father  of 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


309 


Archdeacon  Stubbs).  It  is,  however,  certai 
that  the  vintner  was  not  a  "  descendant  "  o 
the  author  (see  pedigree  of  the  Kentish  famil 
of  Stubbs,  beginning  with  John  Stobbes  o 
Eltham,  will  proved  1556,  communicate 
by  Mr.  Henry  Stubbs  of  Danby,  Bally 
shannon,  in  Archceologia  Cantiana,  vol.  xvii 
p.  209).  Wood  also  says  that  "  near  o 
kin,  if  not  brother  or  father,  to  this  Phili 
was  John  Stubs  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  .  .  .autho 
of  '  A  Discovery  of  a  Gaping  Gulph '  ' 
but  '  D.N.B.'  observes  that  there  is  n 
mention  of  Philip  in  the  wills  of  John  Stubb 
and  his  father,  John  Stubbe,  a  country 
gentleman  of  Buxton,  Norfolk.  Wood  says 
thirdly,  that  Philip  Stubbs  was  a  "  brothe 
or  near  kinsman "  of  Justinian  Stubbs 
M.A.  1577-8,  B.C.L.  1589,  of  Glouceste 
Hall,  Oxford.  This  statement,  if  it  can  b 
verified,  probably  gives  the  most  hopefu 
clue,  since  Justinian  is  an  uncommor 
Christian  name.  Rauffe  Stubbes  of  St 
Mary's  in  Wygford,  Lincoln,  mentions  a  son 
Justinian  in  his  will,  proved  P.C.C.  (3 
Chaynay)  1559.  In  the  next  century  Josep] 
Stubbs  of  Stamford,  who  died  about  163C 
called  his  eldest  son  Justinian.  This  Josep] 
Stubbs  is  described  in  two  Visitation  pedi 
grees  (see  Genealogist,  vol.  iii.  p.  311  ;  Har] 
Soc.  vol.  Iii.  p.  933)  as  "  descended  out  o 
Norfolk."  G.  O.  BELLEWES. 

3,  Carlyle  Gardens,  Cheyne  Row,  S.W. 

BISHOPS  AND  ABBOTS.  —  Wanted  lists  o 
the  following,  with  date  of  election,  death 
&c.,  Conquest  to  Reformation  :  Glastonbury 
St.  Albans,  Westminster,  Vale  Crucis,  Waver 
ley,  St.  Asaph,  Durham,  Tintern,  Bury 
St.  Edmunds,  Abingdon,  Wherwell,  Romsey 
Any  other  lists  will  be  acceptable.  Please 
reply  direct.  MBS.  COPE. 

MANOR  ROLLS. — Any  abbreviations,  wit! 
their  extensions,  will  be  acceptable,  or  names 
of  local  land  measures.  Please  reply  direct. 

MBS.  COPE. 
18,  Harrington  Court,  S.W. 

EXTBAOBDINABY  CONTEMPOBABY  ANIMALS. 

— Will  any  one  who  possesses  the  April 
number  of  Je  sais  tout  tell  me  what  land 
of  enormous  animal  M.  Georges  Dupuis 
describes  in  its  pages  ?  I  understand  from 
a  note  in  V Intermediare,  of  10  Mai,  that  the 
marvellous  beast  was  seen  by  him  in  Alaska. 

The  author  of  the  note,  who  wishes  to 
learn  something  positive  on  the  subject  of 
such  monsters,  says  that  in  September,  1907, 
M.  Del  Santo,  a  painter,  found  himself  in 
the  presence  of  a  creature  rather  like  the 
Alaskan  wonder,  but  only  two  metres  in 


size,  in  the  ruins  of  the  castle  of  Saint-George, 
near  La  Spezia,  Italy.  "  He  even  made  a 
sketch  of  this  strange  animal,"  but  it  appears 
±t,~A  «  no  one  interested  himself  scientifically 


that 

in  this  event." 


W.  T. 


JOHN  PYM'S  MOTHEB. — Who  was  this 
lady  ?  The  '  D.  N.  B.'  gives  her  as  Philippa 
Coles ;  but  the  Rev.  Douglas  Macleane 
in  his  'Pembroke  College,  Oxon '  (1900), 
p.  43,  says  she  was  Sir  Richard  Carew's 
daughter  Philippa.  After  Alexander  Pym's 
death  she  became  the  second  wife  of  Sir 
Anthony  Rous  of  East  Anthony  and  Halton, 
Cornwall,  and  died  in  1620-21. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"  MAY  JEMMY  JOHNSON  SQUEEZE  ME." — 
For  many  years  I  knew  this  as  a  very 
common  saying,  a  kind  of  affirmation,  thus  : 
"  Well,  if  I  don't,  may  Jemmy  Johnson 
squeeze  me  !  "  It  is  also  the  last  line  of 
each  verse  of  a  street  ballad  called  *  The 
Birmingham  Boy  in  London.'  Was  this 
proverbial  Jemmy  Johnson  a  man  of  note  ? 
THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Work  sop. 

DEUXSAINT  FAMILY. — Can  any  one  give 
me  particulars  relating  to  this  Huguenot 
family  beyond  what  is  to  be  found  in  the 
registers  of  Spitalfields  Church  ?  I  under- 
stand that  one  member  of  it  was  a  Portu- 
guese merchant  and  a  Sheriff.  SENEX. 

AUTHOBS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.  — 
Who  is  the  author  of  the  line 

In  the  hot  clasp  of  Victory  ? 
I  have  made  a  pretty  careful  search  in  all  the 
books  of  quotations  to  which  I  have  access, 
but  in  vain.  LEWIN  HILL,  C.B. 

Who  is  the  author  of  some  well-known 
lines  on  '  Fate  '  ?  They  begin  : — 

Two  shall  be  born  the  whole  wide  world  apart, 
And    speak    in    different   tongues,    and   have   no 

thought 
Each  of  the  other's  being,  &c. 

FBEDEBICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  following  lines, 
and  in  what  poem  are  they  contained  ? 
As  He  guides  the  worlds  like  boats  in  a  storm 
Through  the  rocking  seas  of  space. 

M. 

JESUITS  AT  MEDIOLANUM. — I  have  lately 
een  a  charter,  granted  by  Carolus  de  Noyelle, 
Drsepositus  Generalis  Societatis  Jesu,  dated 
t  Rome  24  Dec.,  1685,  confirming  the 
nstitution  of  a  college  and  brotherhood  of 
tie  Order  at  "  Mediolanum,"  with  the  name 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  iocs. 


of  the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin  Mary.  The  charter  is  countersigned 
"  Jacobus  Massius,  Secretarius."  I  find 
from  Nicolini  ('  History  of  the  Jesuits,'  p.  324) 
that  Noyelle  was  General  of  the  Order  from 
1681  to  1687. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  identify  Medio- 
lanum  ?  I  find  that  the  name  has  been 
applied  to  Llanvyllin  or  Meifod  (Mont- 
gomeryshire), Nantwich  (Cheshire),  Drayton 
or  Whitchurch  (Shropshire),  and  Chesterton 
(Warwickshire).  Was  there  ever  a  Jesuit 
college  at  any  of  these  places  ? 

ROBT,  GuYc 
Auldhouse,  Pollokshaws. 

"  PORTIONS  "  :  "  PENSIONS." — Can  any 
of  your  correspondents  kindly  tell  me  the 
exact  meaning  of  the  words  "  Portions  "  and 
"  Pensions  "  which  we  find  in  early  eccle- 
siastical documents  ? 

EDWARD  LAWS,  F.S.A. 

Brython  Place,  Ten  by. 

[The  second  definition  of  portion  in  the  *  N.E.D.' 
is  "A  quantity  or  allowance  of  food  allotted  to, 
or  enough  for,  one  person,"  illustrative  quotations 
being  cited  from  Caxton,  Lord  Berners's  translation 
of  Froissart,  and  the  Bible  (Esther  ix.  22). 

The  ecclesiastical  meaning  of  pension  is  defined 
as  "  A  fixed  payment  put  of  the  revenues  of  a 
benefice,  upon  which  it  forms  a  charge."  The 
quotations  range  from  1316  to  1885.] 

"THE  ESSEX  SERPENT." — A  day  or  two 
ago  I  noticed  a  public-house  bearing  the 
name  "  The  Essex  Serpent."  What  is  the 
origin  of  this  ?  CROSS  PATTE. 

"  BETTER  AN  OLD  MAN'S  DARLING  THAN  A 
YOUNG  MAN'S  SLAVE." — Harrison  Ainsworth 
has  the  variant  of  this  in  '  The  Miser's 
Daughter'  (Book  III.  chap,  xv.),  "She 
would  rather  be  an  old  man's  darling  than 
a  young  man's  warling."  Is  this  a  known 
variant,  or  a  creation  of  the  novelist  ? 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

MIDDAY  AT  BALE  :  BALE  MADNESS. — 
In  the  '  Memoires  de  J.  Casanova  '  (Brussels 
ed.,  V.  chap.  vii.  p.  144 ;  Paris  ed.,  V. 
chap.  xvii.  p.  439)  is  the  following  : — 

"  One  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  town  of  Bale  is 
that  midday  is  at  eleven  o'clock,  an  absurdity  owed 
to  an  historical  event  which  the  Prince  of  Porentrui 
explained  to  me,  but  which  I  have  forgotten.  The 
people  of  Bale  are  said  to  be  subject  to  a  kind  of 
madness  of  which  the  Sulzbach  waters  cure  them, 
but  which  takes  them  again  a  little  while  after 
they  have  returned  home."— Translated. 

What  is  the  story  of  the  Bale  midday 
which  Casanova  forgot  ? 

Is  there  any  legend  to  be  found  elsewhere 
concerning  Bale  madness  ? 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


BILLY  BUTLER  THE  HUNTING  PARSON. — 
At  2  S.  x.  426  Butler  is  stated  to  be  the 
author  of  the  witticism  "  Pro  aris  et  focis," 
and  to  have  uttered  it  "  at  the  mansion  of  the 
old  Somersetshire  family  bearing  the  name 
of  Phelips." 

Can  any  one  give  me  particulars  relating 
to  this  "  hunting  parson  "  ?  Who  were  his 
parents,  and  where  did  he  officiate  ? 

J.  C.  BUTLER. 

Law  Society's  Hall,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

DE  LA  MOTTE  DE  LA  GARRE. — I  should  be 
much  obliged  for  any  information  regarding 
the  above  family.  It  has-been  stated  that 
Margaret  de  la  Motte  married  Francis  Le 
Maistre  of  the  celebrated  Jersey  family. 

E.  H.  M. 


rGEDNEY   CHURCH,  LINCOLNSHIRE. 

(10  S.  x.  248.) 

ST.  MARY  MAGDALENE'S,  Gedney,  in 
South-East  Lincolnshire,  is  what  may  be 
called  one  of  the  "  surprise  churches  "  of  the 
Marshland  district ;  and  so  large  and  multi- 
farious are  its  parts  that,  used  as  the  tra- 
velling ecclesiologist  is  to  surprises,  his  wonder 
is  not  lessened  to  find  what  is  almost  a 
minster  in  a  place  where  there  are  now  only 
a  few  cottages  for  the  parishioners.  The 
nave  of  this  church  alone  is  about  100  ft. 
long  by  65  ft.  wide,  with  a  chancel  of  33  ft. 
more,  all  built  of  fine  Barnack  stone. 

The  things  that  strike  the  visitor  most 
are  (1)  its  tower,  a  smaller  Mechlin,  and  (2) 
the  long  continuous  range  of  clerestory 
windows,  rising  above  a  comparatively  low 
aisle.  The  tower  deserves  very  careful 
examination  ;  rising  without  any  lessening  in 
bulk  to  the  height  of  88  ft.,  and  terminating 
as  it  does  in  a  straight  top,  it  appears  as  if  it 
was  meant  to  be  continued  still  higher.  The 
stages — four  in  number — are  tall,  of  rich 
Early  English  work,  except  the  uppermost 
stage,  which  is  the  highest.  This  has  two 
lofty  windows  in  each  face,  set  close  together, 
with  ogee-shaped  arches,  their  foliations 
penetrating  a  course  of  diamond  work 
panelling.  This  is,  of  course,  later  than  the 
lower  stages.  The  buttresses  in  the  lower 
part  are  Early  English,  but  in  the  upper  stage 
they  are  continued  with  double  panelling 
of  crocketed  work.  The  lowest  division  is 
plain  on  every  side  ;  the  next  has  lancets  with 
dog-tooth  moulding  in  their  heads  ;  the  third 
has  sumptuous  work  on  all  the  four  sides, 
I  with  double  windows,  each  of  two  lights, 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


with  detached  shafts,  and  abounding  with 
the  tooth  ornament.  It  is  obvious  that  this 
tower  was  made  richer  and  richer  as  the 
work  advanced,  and,  had  it  not  stopped  as  it 
did,  might  have  been  another  Boston.  The 
buttresses  are  slender,  and  the  strings  are 
carried  round  them.  Possibly  this  fine 
tower  may  have  been  erected  as  a  landmark 
for  travellers  over  the  level  country,  which 
in  the  Middle  Ages  was,  we  know,  generally 
flooded  ;  and  we  can  imagine  that  in  the 
winter  a  beacon  might  have  burnt  on  the 
summit.  Gedney  tower  is  also  visible  from 
the  sea,  now  more  distant  than  when  the 
church  was  built. 

The  windows  in  the  aisles  are  Decorated, 
with  flowing  and  reticulated  tracery.  But 
the  finest  feature  is  the  continuous  clerestory, 
of  no  fewer  than  twelve  windows  on  each  side, 
each  of  three  lights,  divided  by  slender 
pilasters  only,  terminating  in  pinnacles. 
The  top  is  battlemented,  and  the  Sanctus- 
bell  turret  remains  at  the  east.  The  porch, 
which  is  flanked  by  niches,  retains  the  ancient 
oaken  door,  with  this  inscription  carved 
upon  it :  "  Pax  Xti  sit  huic  domui  et  omnibus 
habitantibus  in  ea  requies  nostra."  The  lock 
itself  has  the  names  of  its  donors  cast  upon  it : 
"  Botwari  Bennion  and  John  Page  Ayston." 

The  interior  of  the  church,  as  might  be 
expected,  has  an  area  of  great  amplitude, 
and,  except  the  chancel,  is  not  restored.  The 
arches  are  six  on  each  side,  with  high  octa- 
gonal columns,  over  which  is  a  stringcourse, 
with  corbels  on  which  rest  the  principals 
of  the  roof — a  very  lofty  one  of  the  hammer- 
beam  kind,  with  a  double  cornice  of  roses 
in  oak  and  at  all  the  crossings  of  the  timbers. 
The  tower  arch,  Early  English,  is  a  good  one, 
but  now  unfortunately  blocked  by  a  wall, 
the  space  underneath  being  filled  with  lumber 
and  quite  dark.  There  are  five  bells. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  north  aisle  is  part 
of  a  Jesse  window  in  coloured  glass.  Frag- 
ments of  old  glass  also  appear  in  other  places, 
but  nothing  perfect.  An  altar-tomb  sup- 
ports some  portions  of  a  figure,  the  shield 
having  the  arms  of  D'Oyley  ;  and  a  sixteenth- 
century  screen,  much  restored,  remains 
in  situ.  The  chancel,  which  is  light,  lofty, 
and  airy,  has  no  special  feature  to  speak  of, 
save  that  it  has  north  and  south  doorways 
and  a  low  side  window  of  two  lights  with 
tracery,  and  what  appears  to  be  the  original 
grille  on  the  outside.  The  windows  are 
Decorated  and  good,  but  are  restorations. 
A  few  poppy-headed  seats  remain  in  different 
parts  of  the  church.  The  font  is  a  small 
octagon,  with  angels  holding  shields  on  seven 
sides,  and  on  the  eighth  an  "  Adoration  " 


with  the  words  "  Mater  Dei  mem :  "  the  rest 
broken  away.  The  shaft  is  modern ;  the 
plinth  bears  the  date  1664.  In  the  south 
aisle  is  a  second  altar-tomb,  every  vestige 
of  name  being  gone.  At  its  base  is  the  brass 
(life  size)  of  a  lady,  c.  1390.  Formerly  this 
had  a  border  of  saints  and  fine  canopy  work, 
but  the  figure  now  alone  remains.  It  is 
said  the  old  reredos  was  removed  from 
Gedney  to  Boston.  W.  BOLTON,  F.R.S.L. 
Addiscombe. 

*  The  British  Traveller,'  by  James  Dugdale, 
LL.D.,  1814,  says  :— 

"  Gedney  Church  is  worthy  to  be  noticed,  as  the 
loftiest  and  most  airy  of  any  in  this  part  of  the 
country.  It  consists  of  a  nave,  chancel,  north  and 
south  aisles,  porch,  and  tower.  The  number  of 
windows  in  this  church  is  53 ;  of  which  those  in  the 
north  aisle  exhibit  some  fine  specimens  of  painted 
glass.  In  the  south  door  is  seen  a  curious  copper- 
lock,  bearing  an  ancient  inscription  ;  and  over  the 
door  is  carved  in  oak,  in  Saxon  letters,  the  follow- 
ing :  *  Pax  Christi  sit  huic  dqmui  et  omnibus  in- 
habitantibus  in  ea  ;  hie  requies  nostra ' ;  and  under 
four  blank  shields,  in  capitals— In  HOPE.  Against 
a  south  window  of  the  nave  is  a  monumental  effigies, 
sacred  to  Adlard  Welley  [?  Welby],  Esq.,  of  Gedney, 
and  Cassandra  his  wife." 

The  church  is  thought  to  have  been  built 
by  the  Abbots  of  Crowland. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

Very  good  accounts  of  Gedney  Church  are 
to  be  found  in  the  Associated  Architectural 
Societies'  papers,  vol.  xi.  pp.  214-16,  and 
vol.  xxiv.  pp.  117-22.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 


THE  GLAMIS  MYSTERY  (10  S.  x.  241).— 
The  story  of  a  monster,  apparently  immortal, 
in  a  secret  chamber  at  Glamis  Castle  is, 
of  course,  one  of  several  myths,  invented  to 
explain  another  myth,  the  story  that  the 
heir  of  Strathmore  has  to  pass  the  night 
of  his  majority  in  the  secret  cell.  Scott 
says  nothing  about  that  story  in  his  '  Letters 
on  Demonology  and  Witchcraft'  (p.  398), 
but  he  knew  the  legend,  and  used  it  in  '  The 
Betrothed'  (1822).  The  cell,  in  'The  Be- 
trothed,' contained  a  "  Bargeist,"  whatever 
that  may  be. 

Unluckily,  I  have  mislaid  my  authority, 
but  the  tale  of  the  heir  and  his  night  in  a 
haunted  and  secret  chamber  was  certainly 
current  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, about  Vale  Royal  in  Cheshire  :  it  has 
merely  been  transplanted  to  Glamis. 

From  the  "  Glamis  Papers,  '  The  Book  of 
Record,'  a  Diary  written  by  Patrick,  first 
Earl  of  Strathmore"  (1684-9),  edited  by 
Mr.  A.  H.  Millar  for  the  Scottish  Historical 
Society  (1889-90),  I  surmise  that  Earl  Patrick 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  im 


himself  had  the  secret  chamber  built.  If  ] 
do  not  misinterpret  Earl  Patrick,  and  if  the 
chamber  is  so  late,  it  is  not  clear  why  he 
built  it.  Most  of  these  chambers  were 
"  priests'  holes,"  rendered  necessary  by 
Protestant  persecution  under  Elizabeth  anc 
James  VI.  and  I. 

The  Castle  of  Glamis  has  attracted  legends 
from  other  sources  into  its  own  cycle  oi 
traditions.  Perhaps  some  one  can  suggesl 
the  original  meaning  of  the  name  of  the 
parish  of  Glamis.  Is  it  Celtic  ?  or  is  it 
Scandinavian,  as  in  the  name  of  Glam,  the 
vampire  thrall  of  the  '  Grettis  Saga  '  ?  anc 
is  "  Glam's  sight "  connected  with  our 
"  glamour "  ?  I  hope  to  recover  my 
authority  for  the  Vale  Royal  origin  of  the 
legend  of  the  heir  and  the  haunted  chamber, 
an  interesting  example  of  the  "  bilocated  " 
legend.  I  heard  the  Glamis  myth  about  1862, 
but  the  "monster  "  variant  did  not  reach  me 
till  many  years  later,  though  OUTIS  encoun- 
tered it  about  1848,  apparently. 

YE  KEN  WHA. 

'CHILDE  HAROLD'  (10  S.  viii.  430,  495 
ix.  10  ;    x.  275). — You  are  quite  right  :    the 
MS.  leaves  no  doubt  that  Byron  wrote  "Thy 
waters  washed  them  power." 

When  the  controversy  to  which  MB.  N.  W. 
HILL  refers  was  going  on  in  The  Times  in 
1873,  Mr.  Gladstone  wrote  to  my  father  : — 

"I  refer  you  to  Sterne's  'Sentimental  Journey, 
section  headed  'The  Gloves,  Paris':  'It  [the 
counter]  was  narrow,  and  there  was  just  room  for 
the  parcel  to  lay  between  us.'  I  cite  this  as  a  twin 

error,  not  as  an  authority Byron  seems  to  me  to 

have  used  the  language  al\vays  as  a  master,  some- 
times as  a  tyrant. 

JOHN  MURRAY. 

ANNA,  A  PLACE-NAME  (10  S.  x.  268).— 
There  is  a  place  called  Anna  near  Andover, 
Hants,  but  I  do  not  know  any  early  spelling, 
or  the  nature  of  the  locality.  Annat  is  not 
uncommon  in  Scotland,  Annabich  being 
the  name  of  one  of  the  Hebrides.  Jamieson 
in  his  '  Etymological  Diet,  of  the  Scottish 
Language  '  describes  Ana,  Anay,  as  a  river 
island,  a  holm.  In  Ireland  it  is  very  common 
and  in  combination  still  more  so.  Accord- 
ing to  Joyce's  '  Irish  Names  of  Places,'  p.  461 
(4th  ed.),  eanach — pronounced  "  anngh  "- 
signifies  literally  a  watery  place,  and  is 
derived  from  ean,  water,  thus  being  cognate 
with  the  Scottish  form.  AYEAHR. 

CRABBLE,  A  PLACE-NAME  (10  S.  x.  269).— 
Here  we  have  no  early  spelling  to  help  us, 
and  guesses  are  worse  than  misleading. 
There  is  a  place  about  a  mile  north  of  Chester 
called  Blacon-cum-Crabwall,  the  latter  name 


also  appearing  as  Crabhall,  either  of  which 
might  become  Grabble.  In  Ormerod's 
'  Cheshire,'  ii.  575-7,  there  is  a  manorial 
history  of  the  place,  but  nothing  to  guide 
us  as  to  the  etymology.  AYEAHR. 

REGIMENTAL  MARCHES  (10  S.  x.  167).— 
Here  is  a  list  supplementary  to  that  given 
by  MR.  P.  LUCAS,  but  still  far  from  complete. 
It  is  to  be  remembered  that  each  cavalry 
regiment  has  its  "  special  "  march  for  walk, 
trot,  and  canter  ;  while  infantry  regiments 
have  their  particular  "  slow  "  and  "  quick  " 
marches.  Moreover,  in  the  latter  it  is  some- 
times the  case  that  the  march  music  differs 
in  the  two  battalions.  (Unless  otherwise  speci- 
fied below,  the  1st  Battalion  is  alluded  to.) 
1st  Life  Guards. — (a.)  '  Milanollo.'  (b)  A  slow  march 

composed  by  the  Duchess  of  Kent,     (c)  'Life 

Guards  March.' 

2nd  Life  Guards.—'  Men  of  Harlech.' 
Royal    Horse    Guards.  —  *  Royal    Horse    Guards 

March.' 

1st  Dragoon  Guards.—'  Radetsky.' 
5th    Dragoon    Guards.  —  Soldiers'    Chorus    from 

Gounod's  'Faust.' 

6th  Dragoon  Guards.— '  I'm  Ninety-five.' 
5th  Royal  Irish  Lancers.—'  Let  Erin  Remember.' 
9th  Lancers.—'  Men  of  Harlech.'    (Soldiers'  Chorus 

from  '  Faust '  for  foot  parades.) 
10th  Hussars.— 'Men  of  Harlech/  'God  bless  the 

Prince  of  Wales,'  *  The  Young  May  Moon.' 
15th  Hussars.—'  Elliott's  Light  Horse '  (for  walk). 

'  Monymusk  '  (for  trot).     '  Bonnie  Dundee '  (for 

canter). 

16th  Lancers. — '  16th  Lancers  March.' 
21st  Lancers. — 'Coburg.' 

Royal  Engineers. — 'Wings  '  (in  1907). 

Grenadier   Guards. — 'British    Grenadiers.'     (Slow 

march,  '  Duke  of  York's.') 
Coldstream  Guards.  — 'Milariollo.'     (Slow  march, 

March  in  '  Figaro.') 
Scots  Guards. — '  Hieland  Laddie.'     (Slow  march, 

'Garb  of  Old  Gaul.') 
Irish  Guards.— 'St.  Patrick's  Day.' 

Queen's  Royal  West  Surrey. — 1st  Batt.,  Portuguese 

air  (name  unknown).     2nd  Batt.,  '  We'll  gang 

nae  mair  to  yon  Toun.' 

Buffs.— 1st  Batt.,  '  The  Buffs'  (said  to  be  by  Handel). 
King's  Own  Royal  Lanes.—'  Corn  Rigs  are  Bonnie.' 
Northumberland  Fusiliers.—'  British  Grenadiers.' 
Royal  Warwickshire. — '  Warwickshire  Lads.' 
Royal  Fusiliers.  —  '  British    Grenadiers '  (all   four 

battalions). 

Devonshire. — '  We  've  lived  and  loved  together.' 
Somersetshire     L.     I. — 'Prince    Albert's    March' 

(composed  by  him). 
East  Yorks.— 2nd  Batt,  '  The  Yorkshire  Lass.' 
Bedfordshire. — 2nd  Batt.,  '  Mandoliiiata.' 
Prince  of  Wales's,  Yorks.— 1st  Batt.,  *  The  Bonnie 

English  Rose.'    2nd  Batt.,  '  Ca  ira.' 
heshire.— '  Wha  wouldna  fecht  for  Charlie  ? ' 
Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers.—'  British  Grenadiers,' '  Men 

of  Harlech.' 

Cameronians    (Scottish    Rifles).  — '  Atholl    High- 
landers '  (pipes). 

Tloucestershire.— 1st    Batt.,    '  Kynegad    Slashers/ 
2nd  Batt.,  '  Highland  Pipers.' 


io  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


Worcestershire.—'  Windsor'  (composed  by  Princess 

Augusta). 
East  Lanes. — 2nd  Batt.,    'Lancashire    Lads'    (for 

Quickstep).     '  Lancashire  Lass '  (for  dismissal). 
East  Surrey.— 2nd  Batt.,  '  The  Lass  o'  Gowrie.' 
Duke  of  Cornwall's  L.I. — '  One  and  All.' 
Duke  of  Wellington's  West  Riding.—'  Wellesley.' 
Royal  Sussex. — 1st  Batt.,  an  unnamed  French  air. 

2nd  Batt.,  '  Royal  Sussex.' 

Hampshire. — 1st  Batt.,   air  named  after  the  regi- 
ment.   2nd  Batt.,  '  We'll  gang  nae  mair  to  yon 

Toun.' 

S.  Staffordshire. — 'Come,  Lasses  and  Lads.' 
Dorsetshire. — Air  named  after  the  regiment. 
S.  Lanes. — 1st  Batt.,  '  Come,  Lasses  and  Lads.    2nd 

Batt.,  '  God  bless  the  Prince  of  Wales.' 
Black  Watch,  R.H.— 'Hieland  Laddie. 
Essex. — Air  named  after  the  regiment. 
Sherwood  Foresters. — '  The  Young  May  Moon.' 
Loyal  North  Lanes. — 2nd  Batt ,  '  The  Lincolnshire 

Poacher.' 

Northamptonshire — Air  named  after  the  regiment. 
Royal  Berks.— 1st  Batt.,  '  Dashing  White  Serjeant.' 

2nd  Batt.,  'Royal  Sussex.' 
King's  Shropshire. — '  Old  Towler.' 
King's  Royal  Rifles. — '  Lutzow's  WTild   Hunt '  (in 

<  all  four  battalions,  adopted  in  1907). 
Wiltshire. — Air  named  after  the  regiment. 
Manchester.  — Ditto. 
N.    Staffordshire.— '  The    Days    when    we    went 

Gipsying.' 

York  and  Lancaster. — Air  named  after  the  regi- 
ment. 
Highland  Light  Infantry.— 1st  Batt.,  '  WThistle  o'er 

the  Lave  o't.'    2nd  Batt.,  '  Blue  Bonnets/ 
Seaforth  Highlanders. — '  Blue  Bonnets.', 
Cameron     Highlanders.  —  '  Cameron     Men '     and 

'Pibroch  o'  Donald  Dhu.' 
Argyll  and  Sutherland    Highlanders.— 1st    Batt., 

'Campbells  are  Com  ing.'     2nd  Batt.,  'Hieland 

Laddie.' 
Leinster  Regiment.—'  Royal  Canadian '  and  '  Come 

back  to  Erin.' 

Army  Service  Corps.—'  Wait  for  the  Waggon.' 
R.A.M.C.— '  Her  Bright  Smile  haunts  Me  Still.' 
Staff,  generally.—'  The  Duchess  of  Kent,'  '  Scotland 

the  Brave.' 

Staff,  Guards.— 'The  Red  Feathers.' 
Cavalry  Gallop.— ' Bonnie  Dundee,'  'St.  Patrick's 

Day,'  'The  Campbells  are  Coming,'  'The  Irish 

Washerwoman.' 
Infantry  Advance  in  Review  Order. — 'Under  the 

Double  Eagle.' 

H.  S.  Mum, 
Surgeon-General  (Retired). 

The  following  observations  on  MB.  LUCAS'S 
list  may  be  of  interest. 

1.  5th  Lancers   (Royal  Welsh).— This   is, 
of  course,  an  error  for  "  Royal  Irish." 

2.  While  at  Chatham  I  never  heard  the 
Royal   Marine   Light   Infantry   march   past 
to  anything  but  '  A  Life  on  the  Ocean  Wave.' 

3.  The   statement    is    correct    that    '  The 
British  Grenadiers  '  is  played  by  the  three 
"  Grenadier  "  regiments  of  the  British  Army, 
viz.,  the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery,  the 
Corps  of  Royal  Engineers,  and  the  Grenadier 
Guards;   but  it  should  be  stated  that  these 


regiments  have  also  marches  peculiarly  their 
own. 

Thus  in  the  Royal  Artillery  there  is  a  slow 
march  called  '  The  Troop,'  which  is  played  by 
the  mounted  branch  when  marching  pasty 
while  the  dismounted  branch  plays  'High- 
Land  Laddie '  in  quarter  column.  At  any 
rate,  the  cadets  of  the  Royal  Military  Aca- 
demy, Woolwich,  when  I  was  there,  always 
"  quarter-columned "  to  that  tune,  and 
they  are  the  senior  company  of  the  R.A. 
It  appears  a  curious  tune  to  have,  and  perhaps 
some  R.A.  reader  will  explain  the  reason. 

The  Royal  Engineers  have  an  old  regi- 
mental march  called  'Wings,'  adapted  by 
Mr.  Sawerthal,  a  former  bandmaster,  from 
an  air  by  Claribel  and  a  German  song  by 
Dolores.  This  march,  however,  was  dropped 
thirty  or  forty  years  ago,  and  '  The  British 
Grenadiers  '  played  ;  but  in  October,  1902, 
Lord  Kitchener,  on  his  return  from  South 
Africa,  got  the  old  march  restored,  and  it  is 
now  authorized  as  the  "  March  Past,"  though 
it  is  usually  concluded  with  '  The  British 
Grenadiers.'  In  connexion  with  the  pro- 
posal to  introduce  marching  songs  in  the 
army,  a  movement  is  on  foot  to  have  suit- 
able words  authorized  for  *  Wings.' 

As  regards  the  Grenadier  Guards,  they 
have  two  marches,  '  The  Grenadiers'  March  * 
and  the  '  March  in  Scipio,'  the  latter  a  slow 
march.  SAPPEB. 

S.  India. 

The  5th  Dragoon  Guards  are  the  Princess  , 
Charlotte   of   Wales' s,    and   may   have    '  Ar 
Hyd  y  Nos  '  for  regimental  march,  not  '  The 
Harp  that  once  through  Tara's  Hall.' 

Has  a  Welsh  Lancer  regiment  ever  been 
in  the  British  service  ?  J.  T.  EDWABDS. 

WILLIAM  CBOWMEB  :  WATTS  FAMILY  OF 
SUSSEX  (10  S.  x.  149,  232).— Walter  Rye  in  his 
history  of  Cromer  says  that  William  Crowmer 
came  from  that  town  (p.  16).  On  p.  18  we 
find  the  town  spelt  "  Crowmere "  and 
"  Crowemere  "  under  the  dates  1374  and  1382, 
He  gives  a  Danish  derivation  to  the  name  : 
does  not  the  ancient  spelling  point  to  its 
meaning  "  Mere  of  the  Crowes "  ?  Crowe 
is  one  of  the  oldest  names  in  Norfolk.  Blome- 
field  says  :  "  The  Crowes  were  a  family  very 
ancient  in  Stratton.  In  1199  and  1202 
Robert,  Walter,  and  Jeffrey  Crowe,  brothers, 
had  good  estates  here."  Stratton  is  not 
more  than  fifteen  miles  distant  from  Cromer. 
The  name  is  met  with  all  over  the  county, 
but  it  occurs  very  frequently  in  the  nei^h- 
bourhood  of  Cromer. 

Can  the  surnames  Crowmer  and  Crowe 
be  originally  the  same  ?  i.e.,  has  Crowmer 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  iocs. 


been  formed  from  '  Crowe  of  Crowesmere  "  ? 
Perhaps  some  member  of  the  family  assumed 
the  territorial  appellation  only. 

There  was  a  grant  of  arms  to  a  Crowe 
of  Yaxley  in  1584 — a  chevron  between  three 
crows.  This  is  curiously  like  the  Cromwer 
arms  mentioned  in  MB.  BAYLEY'S  article. 
When  were  the  latter  granted  ? 

W.  ROBERTS  CROW. 

MCDONALD   AND   McPlKE   FAMILIES    (10   S. 

x.  105). — MR.  EUGENE  McPiKE  of  Chicago: 
who  is  seeking  for  information  regarding 
namesakes  of  his  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic, 
may  like  to  know  that  there  are  in  this 
neighbourhood  members  of  a  family  who 
spell  their  names  McPeake,  one  of  whom 
is  in  my  service.  Two  of  her  uncles,  Thomas 
and  Francis  McPeake,  went  to  America 
about  fifty  years  ago. 

Thomas  settled  in  Philadelphia,  and  had 
a  son  Thomas,  who  came  over  here  about 
six  or  seven  years  ago  to  see  his  relatives, 
went  back  to  America,  and  died  soon  after. 

Francis  also  went  to  Philadelphia,  but 
it  is  believed  that  he  was  afterwards  some- 
where in  New  Jersey. 

Two  other  uncles,  James  and  Patrick 
McPeake,  emigrated  at  an  earlier  date — 
it  is  not  known  whether  to  America  or  some 
colony. 

An  aunt,  Eliza  McPeake,  married  a  man 
named  Mullan,  and  lived  in  New  York  City. 
She  is  dead,  but  her  husband  and  children 
are  still  living. 

It  is  not  improbaule  that  McPike  and 
McPeake  are  merely  different  spellings  of  the 
same  name.  The  spelling  McPike  is  a  novelty 
to  me.  J.  B.  GUNNING  MOORE. 

Coolnafranky,  Cookstown,  co.  Tyrone. 

FRENCH  WORDS  IN  SCOTCH  (10  S.  ix.  369, 
450;  x.  132,  274).— The  Irish  coinegear, 
quoted  at  the  last  reference,  appears  as 
coinneceir  in  O'Reilly's  '  Irish  Dictionary.' 
The  point  is  that  it  is  not  of  Celtic  origin, 
but  is  a  mere  adaptation  of  M.E.  conyger, 
which  is  fully  explained,  with  plentiful 
examples,  in  the  '  New  English  Dictionary.' 
As  long  as  correspondents  continue  to  neglect 
this  source  of  information,  they  will  drift 
about  without  ascertaining  the  whole  truth. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

How  does  the  writer  at  the  last  reference 
account  for  the  fact  that  cunnigar  (however 
spelt  )= rabbit  warren,  is  more  common 
in  the  South  of  England,  where  Celtic  in- 
fluence has  been  nil  since  very  remote  times, 
than  it  is  in  Ireland  ?  The  inference  is 
obvious  :  modern  philological,  i.e.  historical, 


investigation  has  tended  to  show  an  increas- 
ing number  of  words  assigned  to  another 
than  the  Celtic  source  to  which  they  were 
formerly  allocated.  H.  P.  L. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.  268). — 1.  Voltaire  had  an  unreasonable 
dislike  for  the  prophet  Habakkuk.  On  a 
certain  occasion  he  attributed  something 
to  the  prophet  which  he  had  never  said. 
When  a  listener  pointed  out  that  fact, 
Voltaire's  reply  was  :  "  N'importe  ;  Habacuc 
est  capable  de  tout." 

2.  "The  greatest  King  of  England  was 
born  not  at  Windsor,  but  at  Huntingdon, 
alludes,  of  course,  to  Oliver  Cromwell.  Per- 
haps the  saying  may  be  found  in  the  writings 
of  Carlyle,  who  has  been  called  the  "  dis- 
coverer "  of  Cromwell.  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

2.  I  do  not  know  whether  Thackeray  was 
the  first  to  use  the  expression,  but  in  '  Es- 
mond,' Book  III.  chap,  v.,  St.  John  is  made 
to  say,  "  Our  great  King  came  from  Hunting- 
don, not  Hanover."  U.  V.  W. 
[MR.  J.  A.  GREENWOOD  a  so  thanked  for  reply.] 

HIGH  TREASON  AND  ITS  PUNISHMENT 
(10  S.  x.  229). — The  following  are  the  refer- 
cences  which  K.  P.  D.  E.  wants.  Women 
used  to  be  burnt  alive  for  treason,  but  in 
1790,  by  the  statute  30  Geo.  III.  cap.  48, 
hanging  was  substituted  for  burning.  The 
king  could,  however,  before  that  statute 
commute  the  sentence  to  beheading,  as  was 
done  in  1685,  in  Lady  Alicia  Lisle's  case. 

The  statute  of  1814,  54  Geo.  III.  c.  146, 
I  have  already  referred  to.  The  statute  of 
1870  is  33  and  34  Viet.  c.  23,  section  31. 

The  last  execution  for  high  treason  in 
England  was  in  1820,  when  the  Cato  Street 
Conspirators  were  convicted.  After  they 
were  hanged  a  man  in  a  mask  went  on  to  the 
scaffold  and  cut  off  the  heads  of  the  traitors, 
and  exhibited  them  to  the  public,  and  owing 
to  the  skilful  performance  of  this  duty,  he 
was  supposed  to  be  a  surgeon.  The  quarter- 
ing, however,  was  remitted.  See  33  Howell's 
'  State  Trials,'  p.  1566. 

For  the  last  sentence  for  high  treason  see 
Reg.  v.  Smith  O'Brien,  7  'State  Trials,' 
N.S.  334,  in  1848. 

The  punishment  in  its  old  savage  form  was, 
according  to  some  writers,  first  inflicted  in 
1284  on  the  Welsh  prince  David  ;  and  after- 
wards on  Sir  William  Wallace  in  1305  in 
West  Smithfield,  his  four  quarters  being  sent 
to  Newcastle,  Berwick,  Sterling,  and  Perth, 
and  hung  on  gibbets  there.  Some  accounts 
substitute  Aberdeen  for  Stirling.  Wallace's 
head  was  placed  on  London  Bridge. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


K.  P.  D.  E.  will  find  all  he  wants  to  know  by 
referring  to  '  The  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,' 
Supp.,  vol.  xxvi.  (1902)  p.  575,  where  there  is 
an  excellent  article  on  '  Capital  Punishment ' 
(the  Latin  sentence  will  be  found  there),  and 
to  the  biographies  of  Sir  William  Wallace  in 
the  '  D.N.B.'  and  in  '  Chambers's  Encyclo- 
paedia,' and  also  to  the  article  '  Treason '  in 
that  encyclopaedia. 

The  following  extract  from  the  article  on 
'  Capital  Punishment '  may  interest  your 
readers  : — 

"The  modes  of  capital  punishment  in  England 
under  the  Saxon  and  Danish  kings  were  various  : 
hanging,  beheading,  burning,  drowning,  stoning, 
and  precipitating  from  rocks.  The  principle  on 
which  this  variety  depends  is  that  where  an  offence 
was  such  as  to  entitle  the  king  to  outlaw  the 
offender,  he  forfeited  all,  life  and  limb,  lands  and 
goods,  and  that  the  king  might  take  his  life  and 
choose  the  mode  of  death.  William  the  Conqueror 
would  not  permit  judgment  of  death  to  be  executed, 
and  substituted  mutilation;  but  his  successors 
varied  somewhat  in  their  policy  as  to  capital 
punishment,  and  by  the  thirteenth  century  the 
penalty  of  death  became  by  usage  (without  legisla- 
tion) the  usual  punishment  for  high  and  petty 
treason,  and  for  all  felonies  (except  mayhem  and 
petty  larceny,  i.e.  theft  of  property  worth  less  than 
Is,). 

HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

THROAT-CUTTING  AT  PUBLIC  EXECUTIONS 
(10  S.  x.  128,  236).— There  is  nothing  about 
that  in  the  following  account  of  the  execution 
of  traitors  at  York  in  November,  1746  ;  and 
so  far  SIR  HARRY  B.  POLAND'S  assertion  is 
confirmed.  I  send  it  because  I  think  the 
testimony  of  procedure  is  interesting,  and 
perhaps  not  too  horrible  for  students  of 
bygone  punitive  methods  to  face.  On  Satur- 
day, 1  Nov.,  1746,  ten  rebels  were  brought 
from  the  Castle  to  the  Tyburn  without 
Micklegate  Bar  on  three  sledges. 

"  When  they  had  hung  ten  minutes,  the  execu- 
tioner cut  them  down,  laid  their  bodies  on  a  stage 
built  for  that  purpose,  and  stripped  them  naked. 
Capt.  Hamilton  was  the  first  whose  heart  was 
taken  out,  which  the  executioner  threw  into  the 
iire,  crying  out,  '  Gentlemen,  behold  the  heart  of  a 
traitor.'  When  he  came  to  the  last  man,  which 
was  Frazier,  he  said,  '  Gentlemen,  behold  the  heart 
of  the  last  traitor.  God  save  King  George  ! '  Upon 
which  the  spectators  gave  a  loud  huzza.  Then  he 
scored  each  of  their  arms  and  legs,  but  did  not  cut 
them  off,  crying,  'Good  people,  behold  the  four 
quarters  of  a  traitor ; '  and  when  he  had  finished 
that  part  of  the  operation,  he  chopped  off  their 
heads,  beginning  with  Frazier,  and  ending  with 
Hamilton,  which  finished  the  execution.  The  whole 
of  the  proceedings  was  conducted  throughout  with 
the  utmost  decency  and  good  order."— 'Criminal 
Chronology  of  York  Castle,'  pp.  60,  61. 

ST.  SwiTHIN. 


BAAL-FIRES  (10  S.  x.  206,  251).— MR. 
HESLOP,  quoting  ante,  p.  252,  from  the 
Ordinary  of  the  Incorporated  Company  of 
Cooks  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  that  "  the 
said  fellowship  of  Cookes  shall  yearely  of 
theire  oune  cost  and  charge  mainteigne  and 
keep  the  bonefires  according  to  the  auncient 
custome  of  the  said  toune,"  &c.,  observes 
that  the  custom  is  still  maintained,  but  that 
"it  is  no  longer  a  fire  of  bones,  but  a  pile 
of  faggots."  MR.  HESLOP  has  seemingly 
fallen  into  a  slight  error,  "  bonefires  "  in  the 
extract  being  simply  the  old  spelling  of 
1  "  bonfire."  F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

WATERLOO  :  CHARLOTTE  (10  S.  x.  190, 
232,  271). — I  dp  not  think  that  MR.  HENRY 
BRADLEY  is  justified  in  his  belief  that 
the  pronunciation  "  Watterlo "  by  dialect 
speakers  at  Sheffield  points  to  "  a  survival 
from  the  time  when  it  was  still  fashionable 
to  give  to  this  foreign  name  its  native  sound." 
When  I  was  resident  in  Sheffield  thirty  years 
ago  the  word  "  water  "  was  commonly  pro- 
nounced "  watter "  by  the  uneducated. 
As  a  very  young  man  from  London,  I  could 
not  fail  to  be  surprised  at  the  vagaries  of  a 
dialect  which  called  "  the  water,"  "  t' 
watter  "  ;  "  half-past,"  "  hafe-passt  "  ;  and 
yet  gave  to  my  Southron  "  ha'penny  "  the 
sound- value  indicated  by  its  proper  undipped 
spelling.  HAMMOND  HALL. 

Only  the  other  day  I  heard  a  woman 
call  to  her  companion,  "  Charlotty  !  "  Nor 
should  I  say  that  this  pronunciation  is  rare, 
though  the  name  is  less  rare  than  was  the 
case  years  ago. 

There  was  a  good  deal  said  about  Waterloo 
when  I  was  a  boy,  and  for  the  most  part 
the  name  was  sounded ' '  Watterlo. ' '  Scarcely 
any  one  said  "  water  "  :  either  "  watter  " 
or  "  wayter."  THOS.  R.ATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

[Reply  from  C.  C.  B.  next  week.] 

EDWARDS  OF  HALIFAX  (10  S.  ix.  510; 
x.  54,  94). — According  to  Ormerod,  "Mr. 
Edwards  of  Halifax "  was  the  purchaser, 
at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  of  the 
Library  of  the  Bradshawes  of  Marple, 
Cheshire,  partly  formed  by,  and  mentioned  in 
the  will  of,  John  Bradshawe,  the  celebrated 
President  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice 
(d.  1659).  Ormerod  states  that  this  library 
was  subsequently  sold  by  "  Messrs.  Edwards 
of  Pall  Mall."  The  books  were  put  into  one 
catalogue  with  the  libraries  of  N.  Wilson, 
Esq.,  of  Pontefract  and  two  deceased  anti- 
quaries ;  and  the  entire  collection,  according 
to  a  writer  in  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxxvi.  part  i. 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  im 


(quoted  by  Ormerod),  is  described  as  being 
more  splendid  and  truly  valuable  than  any 
which  had  been  previously  offered  to  the 
curious,  and  such  as  "  astonished  not  only 
the  opulent  purchasers,  but  the  most 
experienced  and  intelligent  booksellers  of 
the  metropolis." 

Some  account  of  the  apparently  important 
sale  would  be  interesting.  Who  were  the 
"  two  deceased  antiquaries  "  ?  R.  S.  B. 

"  PLANE  SAILING  "  on  "  PLAIN  SAILING  " 
(10  S.  x.  270). — Plane  sailing  is  the  correct 
form,  as  it  is  derived  from  a  method  in  naviga- 
tion in  which  the  earth's  surface  is  treated 
as  if  it  were  a  plane  surface,  and  not  a  curved 
one.  Plane  geometry  and  spherical  geo- 
metry may  be  called  to  mind  in  this  con- 
nexion. F.  HOWARD  COLLINS. 

Torquay. 

Plain  sailing  is,  in  navigation,  sailing  by 
the  plain  chart,  i.e.,  a  plain  or  chart  having 
the  degrees  of  longitude  made  of  equal 
length  with  those  of  latitude.  '  Chambers' s 
Encyclopaedia '  says  :  "  Plain  charts  are 
those  wherein  the  meridians  and  parallels 
are  exhibited  by  eight  lines  parallel  to  each 
other."  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

To  the  seaman,  at  all  events,  "  plain  sail- 
ing "  means  simple,  easy  sailing,  the  circum- 
stances being  such  that  he  can  lay  his  course 
in  a  straight  line.  This  is  possible  only  with 
a  "  fair  wind  " — that  is  to  say,  a  wind  which 
does  not  blow  from  any  point  within  an 
arc  of  about  fifty  degrees  on  either  side  of  his 
objective.  A  fair  wind  needs  so  little  exer- 
cise of  seamanship  that  it  is  sometimes  called 
"  a  soldier's  wind."  HAMMOND  HALL. 

THE  NOBBISES  or  MILVEBTON,  SOMEBSET 
(10  S.  x.  225).— The  will  of  Isote  Baker  of 
Milverton,  dated  20  Nov.,  1554,  and  proved 
at  Taunton,  16  Nov.,  1557,  mentions  John 
Noris,  her  daughter's  son  ;  Richard  Noris, 
her  godson ;  and  Elizabeth  Noris,  her 
daughter.  No  other  Norrises  are  mentioned. 
It  seems  probable  that  John  and  Richard 
were  both  children  of  Elizabeth  Noris,  and 
that  they  were  her  only  children  in  1554. 
G.  S.  PABBY,  Lieut.-Col. 

ARMS  OF  ENGLISH  ROMAN  CATHOLIC 
BISHOPS  (10  S.  x.  228).— Though  unable  to 
reply  to  MB.  HIBGAME'S  query,  I  may,  per- 
haps, be  allowed  to  call  attention  to  five 
out  of  the  numerous  questions  to  which  it 
gives  rise. 

1.  If  the  modern  Catholic  sees  of  England 
and  Wales  have  arms,  such  arms  were 
presumably  granted  by  the  Pope,  and  not  by 


the  College  of  Arms.  What  authority  granted 
the  arms  of  the  pre-Reformation  Catholic 
dioceses,  now  impaled  by  Anglican  bishops- 
with  their  paternal  coats  ? 

2.  I  am  told  that  Tunstall  (who  became 
Bishop  of  Durham  in  1529)  impaled  the  arms 
of  his  see  with  his  paternal  coat.     Did  any 
other    pre-Reformation    English    bishop    do 
the  like  ? 

3.  What  Catholic  sees  have  coats  of  arms  ? 
In  Italy  the  sees  have  no  arms,  or,  if  they 
have  them,  their  occupants  do  not  impale 
them.     An  Italian  bishop  who  is  a  member  of 
a  religious  order  bears  the  arms  of  his  order 
in  Qhief  (e.g.,  the  present  Bishop  of  Padua 
bears  the  Franciscan  arms  thus,  as  did  Pope 
Clement  XIV.,  and  as  Pope  Benedict  XIII. 
bore  the  Benedictine  arms),  or  impales  them 
(e.g.,  Pope  Pius  VII.  impaled  the  Benedictine 
arms,  and  Pope  Gregory  XVI.  the  Camaldo- 
lese)  ;  but  I  know  of  no  example  of  an  Italian 
bishop  impaling  the  arms  of  his  see. 

4.  The    present    Pope    and    the    present 
Cardinal-Patriarch   of   Venice  both  bear  in 
chief   the    arms    of   the   city    (formerly   the 
republic)  of  Venice.     Did  previous  Patriarchs 
of  Venice  do  the  like  ? 

5.  The  arms  of  the  Archdiocese  of  West- 
minster (whencesoever  obtained)  are  identical 
with  those  of  the  Archdiocese  of  Canterbury, 
except  that  the  field  is  gules  instead  of  azure. 
Cardinals   Wiseman   and   Manning   did   not 
impale  these  arms.     Cardinal  Vaughan  did, 
and  the  present  Archbishop  of  Westminster 
does.     What    is    the    explanation    of    this 
diversity  of  usage  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

SNAKES  DBINKING  MILK  (10  S.  x.  265).— 
The  belief  that  snakes,  and  especially  the 
black  snake,  drink  milk  is  very  common 
in  Virginia,  and  I  think  in  the  Southern 
States  generally.  I  never  actually  saw  one 
do  so,  but  in  a  farmhouse  where  I  was  stay- 
ing a  saucer  of  milk  was  put  down  by  the 
fire  every  night  for  the  house  snake,  and  I 
noticed  it  was  always  empty  in  the  morning. 
I  remember  also  locking  a  vessel  of  milk 
up  in  a  cupboard,  and  finding  it  nearly  all 
gone  in  a  few  hours.  I  could  not  at  all 
account  for  it  till  a  black  snake  was  found 


in  one  corner. 

The  small  orange  and  black  snake  is  com- 
monly called  the  "  cow  sucker,"  and  negroes 
certainly  believe  that  it  lives  up  to  its  name, 
whatever  naturalists  may  say  to  the  contrary. 
I  have  also  constantly  heard  it  asserted, 
by  white  as  well  as  coloured  people,  that 
snakes  will  follow  for  miles  a  woman  with 
a  child  at  the  breast ;  and  the  black  snake 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


is  said  to  be  fond  of  getting  in  close  proximity 
to  a  sleeping  boy  for  some  reason  or  other — 
possibly  for  warmth,  and  because  his  skin 
is  soft  and  smooth. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 
[Further  replies  next  week.] 

REVOLUTION  SOCIETY  (10  S.  x.  247). — This 
was  a  society  for  "  the  permanent  union  and 
mutual  intercourse  of  those  zealously  attached 
to  the  principles  of  the  Revolution,  and  the 
cause  of  freedom."  It  is  supposed  to  have 
been  established  soon  after  the  Revolution. 
The  Society  met  on  the  4th  of  November, 
that  being  the  birthday  of  William  III. 
One  of  its  most  important  meetings  was  at 
*'  The  London  Tavern "  in  Bishopsgate 
Street,  4  Nov.,  1788. 

There  is  in  the  British  Museum  Library 
a  book  or  pamphlet  (I  am  not  sure  which) 
entitled  '  The  Revolution  Society,'  which 
may  contain  something  relating  to  the 
Society's  records.  The  press  -  mark  is 
8135  ccc.  3  (6).  See  also  '  An  Abstract  of 
the  History  and  Proceedings  of  the  Revolu- 
tion Society  in  London,  to  which  is  annexed 
a  copy  of  the  Bill  of  Rights,'  and  Dr.  Brewer's 

*  Historic  Note-Book.' 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

JOHN  SHAKESPEARE,  OB.  1732  (10  S.  ix. 
9,  178). — I  copied  the  inscription  referred 
to  from  Layston  Churchyard,  Herts,  some 
years  back,  and  sent  it  to  the  now  defunct 
Genealogical  Magazine  during  the  time  the 
interesting  articles  on  Shakespeare's  family 
by  Mrs.  C.  C.  Stopes  were  being  printed. 
It  duly  appeared  in  vol.  i.  p.  544. 

MR.  GERISH  may  like  to  know  that  there 
were  Shakespeares  living  at  Great  Berk- 
hampstead,  Herts,  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
John  Shakespeare  married  Sarah  Wilkinson 
there  on  7  Nov.,  1756  ;  and  Wm.  Shakespear 
married  Mary  Marshall  there,  by  licence,  on 
13  Oct.,  1794.  CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

48,  Nelson  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N. 

VOREDA,  ROMAN  TOWN  (10  S.  x.  269). — 
For  the  remains  in  question  vol.  vii.  of  the 

*  Corpus   Inscriptionum   Latinarum '    should 
be  consulted,  cap.  xxx.,  '  Plumptonwall  sive 
Old    Penrith.'     Many    inscriptions    will    be 
found  there,   and  a  very  large  number  of 
Teferences.     In  the  absence  of  more  definite 
•evidence  the  identification  of  the  site  with 
Voreda  of  the  '  Antonine  Itinerary  '  can  be 
no  more  than  a  guess. 

This  seventh  volume  of  the  '  Corpus,' 
"which  is  wholly  devoted  to  inscriptions  in 
'Great  Britain,  and  may  be  obtained  separately 
for  II.  12s.,  ought  surely  to  be  in  every 


important  public  library  in  this  country. 
The  volumes  (iii.,  iv.,  and  vii.)  of  the  '  Ephe- 
meris  Epigraphica '  which  are  required  to 
supplement  it  may  also  be  had  apart  from 
the  series.  ^EDWARD  BENSLY. 

There  are  references  to  Plumpton  in  the 
Index  to  the  Transactions  of  the  Cumberland 
and  Westmorland  Antiquarian  Association, 
especially,  I  think,  to  vol.  v.  ;  but  I  am 
unable  at  present  to  ascertain  whether  in 
relation  to  Voreda.  Would  not  Chancellor 
Richard  S.  Ferguson's  '  History  of  Cumber- 
land,' 1890,  afford  some  information,  the 
author  being  "  the  very  embodiment  of  the 
archaeology  and  history  of  the  county  "  ? 

In  Nicolson's  'History  of  Cumberland' 
is  the  following  : — 

"Old  Penrith  (says  Mr.  Horsley),  which  I  take  to 
be  Bremeturacum,  stands  upon  the  grand  military 
way  that  leads  directly  to  Carlisle  or  to  the  Wall, 
and  is  visible  almost  all  the  way  to  it." 

"  Penrith,"  in  British,  says  Camden,  is 

"  a  red  hill  or  head According  to  Dr.  Gale,  the 

Voreda  of  Antoninus  is  commonly  call'd  Perith 

Near  this  [i.e.,  Plumpton  Park]  I  saw  several 
remains  of  a  demolished  City,  which  from  its 
nearness  to  Perith  they  call  Old  Perith :  I  should 
rather  take  it  to  be  the  Petrianai.  For  that  the 
Ala  Petriana  was  quarter'd  here  is  plain  from  the 
fragment  of  an  old  Inscription  which  one  Vlpius 
Trajanus,  a  Pensionary  of  the  same  Ala  Petriana, 
set  up." 

Here  follow  four  separate  inscriptions  ( Gib- 
son'sed.,  1722,  vol.  ii.  c.  1019,  1020,  and  1021). 

Old  Penrith  is,  I  think,  generally  believed 
to  be  the  Voreda  or  Bremeturacum  of  the 
Romans,  with  a  camp  of  3  acres  396  ft.  by 
360  ft.,  where  not  only  inscriptions,  but  also 
an  altar  to  Mars,  urns,  &c.,  have  been  found. 
Dr.  Isaac  Taylor,  however  ( '  Words  and 
Places'),  considers  Penrith  to  be  not  the 
"red  hill  or  summit,"  but  "the  head  of  the 
ford,"  as  Meldreth,  Shepreth.  It  is  remark- 
able, however,  that  Penrith  Church  is  built 
of  red  freestone. 

See  also  W.  Hutchinson's  '  Excursion  to 
the  Lakes,  in  1773  and  1774 '  ;  Pennant's 
'  Tour  in  Scotland,'  in  1769,  when  "  the 
vallum,  foss,  and  gates  "  were  "  still  very 
visible,"  and  (possibly)  Henry  Skrine's 
'  Three  Successive  Tours  in  the  North  of 
England,'  &c.  ;  Cox's  '  Survey  of  the  Ancient 
and  Present  State  of  Cumberland,'  1738  ; 
J.  Otley's  '  Concise  Description  of  the  English 
Lakes  and  Adjacent  Mountains,'  1827 ; 
J.  Wilson's  'History  of  Cumberland'  (Vic- 
toria County  Histories,  1901-5)  ;  J.  Sulli- 
van's '  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,  An- 
cient and  Modern,'  1857  ;  Housman's  '  Topo- 
graphical Description  of  Cumberland,'  &c.  ; 
Joseph  Walker's  'History  of  Penrith  from 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  IOOB. 


the  Earliest  Period,'  Penrith,  1858 ;  and 
Dr.  J.  A.  Giles's  Appendix  to  Richard  of 
Cirencester's  '  Ancient  State  of  Britain ' 
('Six  Old  English  Chronicles,'  Bohn,  1866, 

p.  489).  J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

"WHARF"  (10  S.  x.  264).— This  word 
occurs  in  a  manorial  record  printed  in  '  The 
Domesday  of  St.  Paul's,'  Camd.  Soc.,  p.  158*, 
"  circa  A.D.  1290  "  :  "  qwarvae  sive  kayse 
...  .in  mariscis  contra  mare  et  alia  numina." 

W.  C.  B. 

THE  BONASSUS  (10  S.  ix.  365,  451  ;  x. 
90,  138).  —  Perhaps  one  of  the  earliest 
mentions  of  this  beast  is  its  description  in 
the  "  Dictionarium  Britannicum,  or  a  more 
compleat  Universal  Etymological  English 
Dictionary  than  any  extant.  .  .  .  Revis'd  and 
Improv'd  by  N.  Bailey,  1730,"  as  follows  :— 

"  Bonassus,  a  wild  beast  that  has  the  head  of  a 
bull,  and  the  body  and  mane  of  a  horse,  which  when 
hunted  saves  himself  by  his  ordure,  which  he 
throws  out  in  such  abundance,  and  so  noisome,  that 
the  hunters  are  obliged  to  leave  off  the  pursuit." 

W.  B.  H. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

House  Mottoes  and  Inscriptions :  Old  and  New.    By 

S.  F.  A.  Caulfeild.  (Elliot  Stock.) 
THIS  revised  edition  has  some  effective  illustrations, 
and  contains  a  good  deal  that  is  quaint  and 
interesting.  Unfortunately,  the  author,  though 
she  has  apparently  some  experience  as  a  maker  of 
books,  has  an  inadequate  acquaintance  with  foreign 
languages,  or  no  idea  at  all  of  proof-reading.  The 
mistakes  are  numerous,  and  many  of  those  in  Latin 
are  of  a  character  so  obvious  that  they  should  have 
been  detected.  The  assistance  of  a  competent 
friend  would  have  made  a  pleasant  book  of  these 
somewhat  disjointed  collections  of  mottoes.  As  it 
is,  we  fear  that  the  best  of  intentions  may  lead 
some  to  make  errors  permanent  in  stone  on  their 
own  houses.  The  standard  of  correctness  in  such 
matters  is  already  low  enough  even  in  London, 
where  information  is  easily  to  be  got  concerning 
most  things. 

In  some  cases  the  mottoes  are  given  correctly,  but 
their  origin  is  not  stated.  Virgil,  for  instance, 'made 
the  statement  "  Non  omniapossumus  omnes,"  which 
leads  the  wise  to  the  further  conclusion,  "Call  in 
the  expert  when  you  don't  know."  The  punctua- 
tion of  the  distich  over  "the  house  of  Ariosto  makes 
absolute  nonsense. 

To  "The  Silver  Library"  of  Messrs.  Longman, 
which  includes  many  delectable  volumes  now  on 
our  shelves,  a  new  edition  of  The  Life  and  Letters 
of  Lord  Macaulay,  by  Sir  George  Trevelyan,  has 
just  been  added.  More  than  thirty  years,  says  the 
new  Preface  by  the  veteran  author,  have  passed 
since  the  '  Life '  first  appeared ;  and  in  various 
forms  it  has  had  the  extended  sale  which  it  fully 


deserves.  For  ourselves,  we  have  long  been  fasci- 
nated by  the  account  of  the  classical  scholar, 
historian,  orator,  and  statesman  ;  and  the  fact  that 
his  endowments  in  the  first  respect  are  now  some- 
what out  of  date  and  repute  has  only  increased  our 
regard  for  a  rare  type  of  man,  amply  and  fairly 
presented  by  a  brilliant  relative  of  similar  tastes. 
Sir  George  has  wisely  left  the  existing  text  un- 
altered, but  we  find  some  interesting  additions  in 
the  shape  of  fresh  notes  to  three  of  the  chapters. 
The  First  Appendix  gives  a  contemporary  account 
of  Macaulay's  earliest  appearance  on  a  public  plat- 
form, and  the  Third  a  picturesque  notice  of  him  as 
a  customer  of  the  bookstalls.  We  find  also  mar- 
ginal notes  and  comments  on  all  sorts  of  authors 
which  Macaulay  made  in  the  course  of  his  per- 
sistent and  wide  reading,  and  which,  when  pub- 
lished separately  a  short  while  ago,  found  favour 
with  all  lovers  of  choice  literature.  Lord  Morleyr 
it  is  added  in  a  note  to  this  edition,  pronounced 
these  marginalia  "  the  most  splendid  literary  nugce 
that  ever  were ;  if  indeed  that  be  at  all  the  right 
word  for  things  so  stirring,  provocative,  challeng- 
ing, and  fertile  in  suggestion."  We  gave  in  oxir 
notice  of  these  marginalia  some  specimens  of 
Macaulay's  insight.  We  now  quote  in  English  the 
sentence  which  he  regarded  as  "  the  finest  sentence 
ever  written."  Csesar,  answering  Cicero's  message 
of  gratitude  for  the  humanity  displayed  towards- 
the  political  adversaries  who  were  in  his  power 
after  the  surrender  of  Corfinium,  explained  his  joy 
in  Cicero's  approval,  and  continued  :  "Nor  am  I 
disturbed  when  1  hear  it  said  that  those,  whom  I 
have  sent  off  alive  and  free,  will  again  bear  arm& 
against  me  ;  for  there  is  nothing  which  I  so  much 
covet  as  that  I  should  be  like  myself,  and  they  like 
themselves." 

Sir  George  says  in  his  new  Preface  that  he  has. 
been  accused  of  inserting  passages  in  Macaulay's- 
letters  and  diaries  which  bear  traces  of  intellectual 
narrowness  or  political  prejudice.  The  answer  is,, 
of  course,  that  he  wished  to  show  his  uncle  as  he 
was,  and  not  in  an  ideal  light.  Biography  by  a 
relative  is  justly  open  to  suspicion  for  this  very 
reason  ;  but  when,  as  here,  it  combines  full  know- 
ledge and  sympathy  with  freedom  from  prejudice,, 
and  concerns  a  great  man,  we  get  a  book  that  is  a 
possession  for  ever,  to  use  the  classical  phrase. 

Our  only  suggestion  is  that,  in  view  of  the 
deficiencies  of  the  present  age,  Sir  George  might 
have  added  more  exact  references  at  the  bottom  of 
the  page  for  quotations  in  foreign  languages.. 
Readers  may  imagine  that  the  Greek  lines  quoted 
immediately  below  the  mention  of  'The  Seven 
against  Thebes  '  (p.  728)  are  from  that  play,  though 
all  expert  lovers  of  Greek  will  recognize  the  melan- 
choly wisdom  of  the  '  OZdipus  Coloneus.' 

By  the  Roman  Wall,  by  Maria  A.  Hoyer  (Nutt),. 
is  the  record  of  a  tour  in  the  district  made,  we 
gather,  by  two  enthusiastic  ladies.  The  enthusiasm 
is  very  pleasant,  and  is  tempered  by  a  certain, 
amount  of  plans  and  solid  archaeology.  But  the 
author  has  not  learnt  the  art  of  excluding  the 
trivial.  Details  of  meals,  weather,  and  church- 
going  are  overdone  ;  and  there  is  an  air  of  senti 
mental  patronage  of  the  ancients  which  does  not 
please  us.  Nevertheless  the  book  should  have  its 
readers,  and  may  help  to  arouse  interest  in  a 
district  which  is  little  known.  We  are  not 
prepared,  however,  to  endorse  all  the  writer's 
conclusions  on  her  subject. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  IT,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — OCTOBER. 

CATALOGUES  have  increased  rapidly  on  our  table 
during  the  past  fortnight. 

Mr.  Thomas  Baker's  Catalogue  531  contains  the 
Essex  House  Press  edition  of  Edward  VII. 's 
Prayer  Book,  printed  in  red  and  black  on  hand-made 
paper.  5?.  56'. :  Scott's  Works  and  Lockhart's  Life, 
99  vols.,  4?.  4s.  ;  'The  Century  Dictionary,'  4?.  15-9.  ; 
Bampton  Lectures,  1780-1891,  112  vols.  (complete 
set  except  4  vols.),  25?.  ;  Sir  Henry  Spelman's 
Works,  4  vols.,  folio, blue  morocco,  a  fine  copy  from 
the  Sutherland  Library,  10?.  10s.  ;  De  Rossi's 
'  Roman  Catacombs,'  6  vols.,  4to,  publisher's 
wrappers,  Rome,  1864,  20?. ;  '  Encyclopaedic  Dic- 
tionary,' 7  vols.,  4to.,  II.  4s. ;  Lingard's  'England,' 
14  vols.,  full  calf,  1823,  11.  15s. ;  Rogers's  'Poems,' 


of  Latin  Christianity,'  15  vols.,  half-russia,  3?.  3s. ; 
'  The  Paston  Letters,'  21.  2s.  ;  and  Stackhouse's 
'Lectures  on  the  Remains  of  Ancient  Pagan 
Britain,'  4to,  II.  Is.  There  are  items  under  Aldine, 
Ecclesiastical  Cases,  Hobbes,  Dean  Hook,  Hooker, 
Ritualism,  &c. 

Mr.  B.  H.  Blackwell's  Oxford  Catalogue  CXXIX. 
is  devoted  to  Educational  Books.  Mr.  Blackwell 
sends  us  the  first  part— Classical  Literature,  a  fine 
collection  which  offers  many  chances  of  securing 
valuable  books  at  reasonable  prices. 

Mr.  L.  C.  Braun's  Catalogue  57  is  a  Clearance 
Catalogue,  and  the  items  are  marked  at  low 
prices.  The  Addenda  of  Recent  Purchases  include 
*  Pater's  Essays,'  prepared  for  the  press  by  Shad- 
well,  9  vols.,  5?.;  Napier's  'Peninsular  War,' 
6  vols.,  21.  10s.;  Skelton's  '  Oxonia  Antiqua  Restau- 
rata,'  170  fine  engravings,  India  proofs,  2  vols., 
imperial  4to,  1823,  21.  10s.  (published  at  22?.);  and 
Wheatley's  '  London,  Past  and  Present,'  3  vols., 
21. 15s. 

Messrs.  Brown  &  Co.  send  from  Salisbury,  Cata- 
logues 1,  2,  and  3  of  their  new  series ;  they  contain 
items  under  Angling,  Architecture,  Art,  Leech, 
Military,  &c.  We  note  a  few  :  Roberts' s  '  Holy 
Land,' 1880,  II.;  'Esmond,'  3  vols.,  original  cloth, 
uncut,  1853,  7s.  6d.;  also  first  edition  of  'Pendennis,' 
2  vols.,  half-calf,  1849.  18s.;  Bryan's  'Dictionary  of 
Painters,'  2  vols.,  royal 8vo,  1886,  II.  15s.;  Ebsworth's 
'Choyce  Drollery,'  10s.  Qd.;  also  his  'Westminster 
Drolleries,'  10s.  Qd.  Allibone's '  Dictionary,'  5  vols., 
1885-91,  is  51.  Under  Caricature  is  Everett's  'English 
Caricaturists,'  4to,  1886,  II.  Is.  An  uncut  copy  of 
Humphreys's  work  on  '  British  Moths,'  is  21.  10s. 
There  are  lists  by  counties  under  Topography  :  we 
note  under  Wilts,  Hoare's  'Modern  History  of 
Wiltshire,'  6  vols.  in  7,  folio,  half-russia,  1822-44, 
32?. 

Mr.  Richard  Cameron's  Edinburgh  Catalogue  223 
opens  with  Scott,  100  vols.,  cloth,  1878-82,  11.  10s.  ; 
Kay's  '  Portraits,'  2  vols.,  4to,  full  crimson  morocco, 
1837,  8?.  10s.  ;  and  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scot- 
land, Proceedings,  40  vols.,  1851-1906,  11.  10s.  Under 
Burns  is  a  set  of  art  illustrations  of  his  works, 
5  vols.,  folio,  16s.  Qd.  (published  at  51.  5s.).  Drum- 
mond's  '  Old  Edinburgh,'  a  series  of  over  a  hundred 
fine  views  of  Closes  and  historical  houses,  imperial 
4to,  1879,  is  31.  15s.  (one  of  fifty  copies  issued  on 
large  paper).  There  is  the  entire  issue  of  The 
Illuminated  Magazine,  edited  by  Jerrold.  Among 
the  contributors  were  Mark  Lemon,  Reach,  and 


A'Beckett.  There  are  numerous  engravings  and 
coloured  plates  by  Leech.  It  lived  only  from  May, 
1843,  to  April,  1845,  4  vols.  in  24  parts,  original 
picture  covers,  16s.  6d.  '  Maclise  Portrait  Gallery/ 
4to,  1873,  is  12s.  A  reminder  of  Chartist  days  is 
The  Chartist  Circular,  published  for  the  Universal 
Suffrage  Committee  for  Scotland,  and  edited  by 
William  Thomson,  complete  from  No.  1,  Sept.  28, 
1839,  to  Sept.  18,  1841,  folio,  Glasgow,  9s.  6d.  There 
are  early  juvenile  books  and  scrapbooks,  and  of 
course  plenty  of  works  of  special  Scottish  history. 

The  1,200  items  of  Mr.  Bertram  Dobell's  Cata- 
logue 166  are  varied  enough  to  satisfy  many  kinds  of 
readers.  There  is  the  first  edition'  of  '  Manfred,' 
uncut,  for  10s.  6d.,  besides  first  editions  of  Dickens. 
Under  Leigh  Hunt  is  '  The  Liberal,'  4  parts,  uncut, 
1822-3,  21.  2s. ',  and  under  Keats  a  large-paper  copy 
of  his  '  Poetical  Works,'  with  memoir  by  Moncktoii 
Milnes,  4to,  Moxon,  1854,  21.  5s.  An  interesting: 
item  is  Mercurius  Reformatus,  3  vols.  in  1,  May  15th, 
1689,  to  March  14th,  1691,  folio,  11.  5s.  This  is  an 
extremely  rare  periodical.  Mr.  Dobell  tells  us  that 
it  was  sold  at  a  penny  a  sheet  (or  number),  and  has 
advertisements  of  new  publications,  ke.,  including 
an  announcement  of  a  volume  of  Bunyan's  writings  : 
"  Mr.  John  Bunyan,  author  of  'The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress,' and  many  other  excellent  books,  that  have 
found  great  acceptance,  hath  left  behind  ten  manu- 
scripts prepared  by  himself  for  the  press  before  hi& 

death.     His  widow  is  desired  to  print  them All 

persons  who  desire  so  great  and  good  a  work  should 
be  performed  with  speed  are  desired  to  send  in  5s. 
for  their  first  payment."  From  Bunyan  we  can 
pass  to  Shakespeariana,  and  finally,  if  pugilistically 
inclined,  purchase  a  record  of  the  lives  and  battles 
of  celebrated  pugilists  in  7  vols.  for  11.  5s. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  sends  us  the  first  part  of 
his  Catalogue  of  Old  English  Literature.  Among 
rare  books  under  America  is  Hubbard's  '  New 
England,'  1677,  first  edition.  The  folding  map 
engraved  on  wood  is  supposed  to  be  the  first 
produced  in  America.  Hubbard  left  England  in 
1635,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1642,  became  pastor 
of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Ipswich,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  in  1688  was  appointed  acting  President 
of  Harvard.  The  copy  Mr.  Edwards  has  for  sale  is 
fine,  clear,  and  tall,  full  levant,  70?.  There  is  a  fine 
copy  of  'The  Planter's  Plea,'  1630,  35?.  Mante's 
'  War  in  North  America,  1763-4,'  beautifully  bound 
in  full  red  morocco  is  36?. ;  and  a  fine  tall  copy  of 
the  first  edition  of  Raleigh's  '  Discoverie  of  Guiana,' 
1596,  301.  Another  rare  and  important  item  is 
Gabriel  Thomas's  '  Historical  Account  of  Pensil- 
vania,'  12mo,  contemporary  calf,  London,  printed 
for  A.  Baldwin,  1698,  140?.  There  are  two  George 
Washington  souvenirs.  The  copy  of  '  The  Acts  of 
Assembly  now  in  Force  in  the  Colony  of  Virginia/ 
was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  the  Washington 
family,  and  contains  notes  in  the  writing  of 
Bushrod  Washington,  1769,  30?.  George  Washing- 
ton's letter-book  during  the  campaigns  of  1775-6, 
containing  much  unpublished  material,  in  levant 
case,  is  priced  65?.  The  general  portion  includes 
first  edition  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  an  excep- 
tionally fine  copy,  1647,  52?.  10s.  ;  arid  first 
edition  of  Florio's  translation  of  Montaigne,  in 
the  original  vellum,  1603,  70?.  A  note  states  that 
"one  of  the  priceless  treasures  in  the  British 
Museum  is  a  copy  of  this  edition  of  Florio's 
translation  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  having  the  un- 
doubted autograph  of  Willm.  Shakespeare."  Under 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        po  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  IM& 


Chaucer  is  the  second  collected  edition,  with  the 
addition  of  '  The  Plowman's  Tale,'  first  published 
in  this  edition,  the  last  four  leaves  in  facsimile,  full 
morocco  by  Riviere,  1542,  "51.  Among  Bibles  is 
the  first  edition  of  Cromwell's,  or  the  Great  Bible, 
a  genuine  and  magnificent  copy,  with  the  exception 
of  the  title,  the  first  three  leaves  and  the  last  leaf, 
reproduced  in  facsimile  by  the  elder  Harris,  1539, 
60?.  There  are  plenty  of  other  rarities,  including  a 
Caxton  with  the  signature  of  John  Foxe,  the 
Martyrologist,  and  notes  by  him. 

Mr.  Goad's  Bath  Catalogue  IX.  contains  Tissot's 
*  Life  of  Christ,'  21.  15s.  ;  Roberts's  '  Holy  Land,' 
1855,  21.  2s.  ;  and  Marriott's  '  Vestiarium  Chris- 
tianum,'  1868,  16-9.  There  are  a  number  of  extra- 
illustrated  books  in  fine  bindings.  We  note  '  Life 
of  Tennyson,'  by  his  son,  first  edition,  2  vols.,  55 
•extra  portraits  and  other  illustrations,  with  letters 
to  Moxon  by  Sir  F.  Pollock,  Millais,  and  Dickens, 
green  morocco,  1897,  10?.  10-9.  ;  '  In  Tennyson  Land,' 
by  Walters,  21.  10s. ;  '  Songs  from  the  Plays  of 
Shakespeare,'  printed  for  the  Guild  of  Women 
Binders,  superbly  bound,  15?.  15,*. ;  Maxwell's  '  Life 
of  W.  H.  Smith/4/. 4s.  ;  and  Minchin's  'Our  Public 
.Schools,'  141  extra  illustrations,  2  thick  vols., 
11.  10s. 

Mr.  Goad  sends  also  his  Catalogue  K  3,  consist- 
ing of  items  at  a  shilling. 

Mr.  John  Grant  sends  from  Edinburgh  his  Annual 
•Catalogue  of  New  and  Standard  Books  at  Greatly 
Reduced  Prices.  These  relate  to  Africa,  America, 
•Japan,  Agriculture,  Biography,  Drama,  Finance, 
Fine  Arts,  Folk-lore,  Welsh,  Scottish,  and  Gaelic 
Literature,  Shakespeariana,  choice  illustrated  books 
•of  the  eighteenth  century,  &C. 

Mr.  James  Miles's  Leeds  Catalogue  148  contains 
the  first  edition  of  Scrope's  '  Deer-Stalking,'  also 
'Days  and  Nights  of  Salmon  Fishing,'  2  vols., 
royal  8vo,  olive  green  levant  by  Riviere,  1838-43, 
•9?.  Us.  6d.  There  are  a  number  of  works  under 
French  Literature  and  German  Literature.  Other 
items  include  Foster's  'Miniature  Painters,'  2  vols., 
folio,  vellum,  Edition  de  Luxe,  limited  to  175 
copies,  1903,  6?.  6*.;  Dawe's  'Life  of  Morland,'  with 
notes  by  Foster,  II.  Us.  6c?.;  Navy  Records  Society 
Publications,  31  vols.,  royal  8vo,  1894-1905,  6?.  15s.; 
and  the  Abbotsforcl  Scott,  12  vols.,  half- morocco, 
41.  15s.  There  is  a  selection  of  Yorkshire  Topo- 
graphy and  Local  Literature.  This  includes  a 
-collection  of  MSS.  and  autograph  letters,  533 items, 
formed  by  Mr.  Clarke,  a  former  Mayor  of  Don- 
faster,  and  ranging  in  date  from  1681  to  1869, 41. 10s. 

Mr.  R.  Rayson  sends  from  Chiswick  No.  2  of  his 
Book  Compendium,  containing  Appell's  'Early 
Christian  Art,'  interleaved  with  author's  notes, 
1872,  15*. ;  Richard  Brown's  '  Sacred  Architecture,' 
folio,  I/.  10*.  M.  ;  Bewick's  'Fables,'  Bickers, 
11.  11s.  Gd.  ;  Lowndes's  'Tracts in  Prose  and  Verse,' 
1825-7, 5/.  5.s-. ;  Whitehurst's '  Napoleon  III.,'  2  vols., 
11.  Is. ;  Williams's  '  Travels  in  Italy,'  2  vols.,  1820, 
21.  2s. ;  Southey's  '  Life  of  Wesley,'  2  vols.,  half-calf, 
1846,  If.  Is.;  arid  Blackstone's  'Laws  of  England,' 
4  vols.,  1876,  11.  4s.  A  collection  of  Oxford  pam- 
phlets, 1847-51,  is  also  11.  4s.  Many  of  the  books 
are  from  the  libraries  of  Sir  Richard  Mills  and 
the  Marquis  of  Conyngham,  and  bear  their  book- 
plates. 

Catalogue  8  of  Messrs.  C.  J.  Sawyer  opens  with 
-an  exceptional  bargain,  a  copy  of  the  Grolier  Bible, 
of  which  only  86  copies  were  issued  to  subscribers. 
It  is  printed  on  the  finest  Japanese  vellum,  specially 


made  in  the  Imperial  manufactory  at  Tokio,  and 
has  70  veritable  etchings  ;  the  14  vols.  are  bound  in 
antique  buff  pigskin,  with  fleurated  corner-pieces 
executed  in  silver,  and  are  enclosed  in 


181.  18s.  (the  original  price  was  fifty  guineas).  A 
copy  of  the  Edition  de  Luxe  of  Burton's  '  Arabian 
Nights,'  privately  printed  for  the  Grolier  Society, 
is  16?.  16s.  Other  works  include  Craik's  '  Romance 
of  the  Peerage,'  1?.  18s.  Qd.;  ^The  Dillon  Collection,' 
containing  134  examples  of  the  engravers  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  16?.  16s.;  'Twenty-One  Etch- 
ings of  Keene,'  4?.  17s.  6c?.;  '  Catalogue  of  the  Kaun 
Collection,'  4  vols.,  10?.  10s.;  the  Library  Edition  of 
Carlyle,  34  vols.,  full  calf,  1869-71,  16?.;  Fielding, 
edited  by  Henley,  16  vols.,  4?.  17s.  Qd.;  '  Greville 
Journals,'  first  edition,  8  vols.,  half-morocco,  7?.  10s.; 
La  Fontaine,  2  vols.,  royal  8vo,  half-morocco,  1906, 
5?.  2s.  6d.;  Lante's  'Galerie  des  Femmes  illustres 
de  France,'  folio,  morocco,  very  rare,  10?.  10s.; 
Valpy's  Shakespeare,  15  vols.,  4?.  4s.;  Thackeray, 
Library  Edition,  24  vols.,  1869,  12?.;  Montaigne, 
with  introduction  by  Saintsbury,  3  vols.,  uncut,  8?.; 
and  Bridge's  '  Alexander  the  Great,'  2  vols.,  41.  10s. 
A  number  of  large-paper  copies  of  Black's  Colour 
Books  are  offered  at  a  guinea  each. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons'  Liverpool  Cata- 
logue CCCXC V.  contains  a  magnificent  copy  of 
Clarendon's  '  Rebellion,'  the  original  folio  edition, 
extended  to  6  vols.  by  the  insertion  of  420  fine  old 
portraits,  full  bound  in  old  English  straight-grained 
red  morocco,  1702-4,  60/. ;  and  Claude's  'Liber 
Veritatis,'  first  edition,  Boydell  &  Hurst,  red 
morocco,  a  beautiful  copy,  25?.  There  are  fine 
specimens  of  early  priritingj  Alduses,  Elzevirs,  &c.  ; 
and  the  Chaucer  folios  of  1602  and  1721.  Blake 
items  include  '  The  Book  of  Job,'  early  copy  of  the 
first  edition,  1825-6,  15?.  15s.  Under  Burke  is  the 
Library  Edition  in  8  vols.,  full  calf,  1852,  9/.  9s.;  and 
under  Dickens  a  complete  set  of  the  first  issue  of 
the  large  -  print  Library  Edition,  rare,  30  vols., 
half  red  morocco,  1874-6,  21?.  Under  Hobbes  of 
Malmesbury  is  Molesworth's  edition,  16  vols.,  tree 
calf,  1839-45,  8/.  8s.  There  are  lists  under  Andrew 
Lang,  Leech,  and  others  ;  arid  also  some  old  mezzo- 
tint portraits. 


WTe  beg  lecave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print,  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
ind  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

A.  W.  COOPER  ("  Marlborough  Square ").— This 
square  is  at  Chelsea.  The  article  at  7  S.  x.  214  to 
which  MR.  PAGE  referred  was  by  the  late  F.  G. 
STEPHENS. 

GWENT  ("Value  of  Money  in  Edward  III.'s 
Reign  "). — Many  articles  have  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
on  the  value  of  money  at  different  periods.  See 
especially  2  S.  iv.  293  ;  x.  311  (by  PROF.  DE  MORGAN)  ; 
3  S.  i.  182,  238,  395. 

NOTICE. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  17, 1908.         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

BOOKSELLERS1  ADVERTISEMENTS  (OCTOBER). 


BOOK  BARGAINS. 

ENCYCLOPAEDIA  BRITANNICA,  Last  Edition,  35  vols. 

complete,  half-morocco,  12,1. 
HARMSWORTH  ENCYCLOPAEDIA,  Complete  Set,  8  vols. 

II.  5s. 
ARABIAN  NIGHTS,  Unexpurgated,  17  vols.  half-morocco, 

161.  16s. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  TRUE  LIFE,  11.  Is.,  for  6s.  6d. 
OUR  POULTRY,  2  vols.  11.  8s.,  for  17s.  M. 
STONE'S  PICTURES,  2  vols.  15s.,  for  7s.  Qd. 
THE  BOOK  OF  BEAUTY,  Edition  de  Luxe,  51  5s.,  for  11  2s. 
STORY  OF  THE  TWEED  (Maxwell),  51.  5s.,  for  11.  17s.  6d. 

WM.  BROUGH  &  SONS, 
313,  Broad  Street,  Birmingham. 


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10,  DUDLEY  ROAD  (Opposite  the  Opera  House), 
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CATALOGUE  25.  — British  Antiquities,  Genea- 
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P.  M.  BARNARD  undertakes  the  formation  of 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  17,  iocs. 

SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'S  NEW  BOOKS 

NOW    READY  AT   ALL   BOOKSELLERS'  AND    LIBRARIES. 

AT  LARGE.    By  Arthur  C.  Benson,  C.V.O.,  Author  of  *  The  Upton  Letters/ 

Large  post  8vo,  7*.  6d.  net. 

DAILY  TELEGRAPH.— "Once  more  Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  has  given  to  his  wide  and  appreciative  public  a  cultured 
delicate,  sensitive  study  of  temperament. .....One  closes  his  book  with  the  sense  of  having  spent  a  day  in  the  best  kind  of 

intellectual  company,  enlightened  with  good  conversation,  and  refreshed  by  sallies  of  a  natural  unaffected  humour." 

MY  FIRST  AND  LAST  APPEARANCE:  and  other  Original  Recitations. 

Being  Specially  Revised  Selections  from  'T  Leaves,'  'Tantler's  Sister,  and  Other  Untruthful  Stories,' and  '  More 
T  Leaves.'    By  EDWARD  F.  TURNER.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6d.  net. 
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THE    EARLY   HISTORY   OF    THE    TORIES:    from   the   Accession   of 

Charles  II.  to  the  Death  of  William  III.  (1660-1702).    By  C.  B.  ROYLA.NCE  KENT,  M.A.,  Trinity  College, 
Oxford,  and  of  Gray's  Inn,  Barrieter-at-Law.    Demy  8vo,  12s.  Qd.  net. 
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RECOLLECTIONS   OF  A  LIFE   IN    THE    BRITISH   ARMY  DURING 

THE  LATTER  HALF  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY.  By  General  Sir  RICHARD  HARRISON, 
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CHATEAU    AND    COUNTRY    LIFE     IN    FRANCE.     By   Mary   King 

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24  Illustrations.  8vo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

THE    STORY   OF    MAJORCA  AND    MINORCA.     By   Sir   Clements   R. 

MARKHAM,  K.C.B.  F.R.S.,  Author  of  'Richard  III. :  His  Life  and  Character  Reviewed  in  the  Light  of  Recent 
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ON  THE   COROMANDEL   COAST.     By  Mrs.   Frank   Penny,  Author   of 

'  The  Inevitable  Law,'  &c.     Small  demy  8vo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

WORKS    IN    THE    PRESS. 
PERCY,    PRELATE   AND    POET.      By  Alice  C.  C.  Gaussen,  Author  of 

'A  Later  Pepys,'  'A  Woman  of  Wit  and  Wisdom,'  &c.  With  a  Preface  by  Sir  GEORGE  DOUGLAS.  With  a 
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THE  LIFE  OF  MIRABEAU.     By  S.  G.  Tallentyre,  Author  of  '  The  Life  of 

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MEMOIRS  OF  HALF  A  CENTURY;   a  Record  of  Friendships.    By  R.  C. 

LEHMANN,  M.P.,  Author  of  'Harry  Fludyer  at  Cambridge,'  'The  Sun-Child,'  &c.  With  a  Photogravure 
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BLACKSTICK    PAPERS.     By  Lady  Ritchie      Mostly  reprinted  from  the 

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EPISODES  IN  THE  LIFE  OF  A  SHROPSHIRE  LASS  AND  LAD.    By 

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THE  HUMAN  WOMAN.     By  Lady  Grove,  Author  of  '  The  Social  Fetich/ 

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SELECTED  SPEECHES,  POLITICAL  AND  FORENSIC.    By  Sir  Edward 

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321 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  2k,  1008. 


CONTENTS.— No.  252. 

NOTES :— The  Manors  of  Neyte,  Eybury,  and  Hyde,  321— 
The  Washington  Pedigree,  323 — Inscriptions  at  Florence, 
324— "  Papaloi " :  "  Maraaloi " — "  Wainscot " — Cotteswold, 
in  Italy,  325— Donkeys,  Measles,  and  Whooping-Cough— 
•"  Directoire"  Gowns  —  "Dolls"  on  Race-courses — Emi- 
grants to  America— "  Piddle  "  as  a  Land  Measure— '  The 
Marseillaise'— "Scone"  or  "Scon,"  326— Dickens's  Sur- 
names :  Guppy — Owl  Folk-lore  in  India,  327. 

QUERIES  :  —  '  Punch  '  Exhibition  —  British  Envoy  at 
Warsaw  in  1774— Missing  Word,  327— Royal  Engineers  of 
Ireland  —  "  Mamamouchi "  —  "  Disdaunted  "  —  Jackson 
Family— "  Presbyter  Incensatus  "—Constable's  Family— 
"  Start  "= Ass— Dugdale  and  Thorp  MSS.:  G.  P.  R.  James 
as  Genealogist,  328— National  Portrait  Gallery— Bridal 
Stone  —  John  Eyre,  1775  —  Stafford  and  Northampton 
Families— "Jnay  Daultre"— Hodson  Family— Commodore 
Chamberlain  —  Dr.  Hugo  Chamberlen  —  Thomas  Lake 
Harris— Teoburnan=Tyburn,  329— Briefs  in  1742— Fife 
Fishermen's  Superstitions— Gordon  and  Short  Families- 
Greeks  and  Nature— James  Fraser  I.  of  Phopachy,  330. 

REPLIES  :— Erasmus  Williams  :  Richard  Haydock,  330— 
The  National  Flag,  331— Sussex  Arms— Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted— "  Forisfactura,"  332— Mrs.  Conwai  Hackett 
— Salarino,  Salanio,  and  Salerio— Kniphofia,  333— Capt. 
Barton— Nonconformist  Burial-Grounds—Dowry  Square, 
Clifton,  334  — Snakes  Drinking  Milk— Wilberforce  and 
Huxley— Bells  Rung  Backwards— Mistress  Rachel  How— 
Baydon,  Cumberland — Arabic  Vowels,  335— Arabic-Eng- 
lish—Michaelmas  Day—"  Star  and  Garter  Tavern,"  Pall 
Mall,  336— " Pearl" -The  Double-Headed  Eagle— Salford : 
Saltersford,  337— Pronunciation  of  Campbell— Long  S— 
French  Peerage— Waterloo  :  Charlotte— Church  of  Llant- 
wil  Major,  338. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:  — 'The  Aldermen  of  the  City  of 
London  ' — Bishop  Bale's  'Dramatic  Writings.' 

OBITUARY  .-—Joseph  Meadows  Cowper. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  MANORS  OF  NEYTE,  EYBURY, 
AND  HYDE. 

HAVING  in  my  note  on  '  Hyde  Park  and 
Kensington  Gardens  '  (ante,  pp.  41  and  142) 
referred  to  the  manor  of  Neyte,  I  desire 
now  to  add  the  particulars  gathered  con- 
cerning it,  and  at  the  same  time  to  refer 
to  the  adjacent  Abbey  manors  of  Eybury 
and  Hyde. 

It  is  assumed  that  the  land  conveyed  to 
the  Abbey  of  Westminster  by  the  Norman 
Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,  c.  1102  (a  conjectured 
date),  lay  between  the  Tyburn  stream  (that 
is,  the  branch  of  the  Tyburn  sometime  called 
Aye  or  Eye  Brook,  and  later  known  as 
King's  Scholars'  Pond),  which  had  formed 
the  west  boundary  of  the  Abbey  land  in 
Saxon  times,  and  the  stream  which  we  call 
Westbourne,  but  which  in  the  Decree  of 
1222  stating  the  then  west  boundary  is 
•called  Tyburn  (or  water  from  Tyburn, 
"aqua  de  Tyburne  "),  leaving  it  to  be  in- 
ferred that  the  two  streams,  east  and  west, 
were  considered  branches  of  the  same  water, 
-which  had  many  springs  at  or  near  Hamp- 


stead.*  Mandeville' s  grant  to  the  Abbey  f 
is  brief  and  indefinite  ;  the  land  is  merely 
described  as  "  the  manor  which  he  had  near 
the  church,  to  wit  Ese  "  (entered  in  Domes- 
day as  Eia),  and  its  east  and  west  boundaries 
seem  to  have  been  determined  simply  from 
what  is  known  of  the  Abbey  lands  before 
and  after  this  acquisition,  that  is  to  say, 
as  denned  by  the  charter  of  c.  95 1J  and 
the  Decree  of  1222.§  And  that  the  West- 
bourne  (our  name  for  the  stream)  was 
the  west  boundary  of  the  Decree  is  sup- 
ported by  the  added  clause  which  states 
that  beyond  (extra]  lay  Knightsbridge, 
Westbourne,  and  Paddington,  these  further 
lands  of  the  Abbey  being  here  named  in 
the  sequence  of  position  in  which  we  now 
find  them. 

Eia  between  the  two  streams,  with  the 
Thames  on  the  south  and  the  Oxford  Road 
on  the  north,  covered,  as  I  compute,  about 
1,090  acres.  This  area  came  to  be  divided, 
or  so  it  is  believed,  into  the  three  smaller 
manors — Neyte,  Eybury,  and  Hyde — but 
demonstration  of  their  limits  seems  never 
to  have  been  attempted,  and  probably  is 
now  impossible.  To  believe  that  what  were 
known  as  manors  had  never  defined  limits 
may  appear  heretical,  yet,  as  in  the  case 
before  us,  where  there  was  but  one  lord, 
it  may  be  thought  possible  that  distinction 
was  faint.  Indeed,  Sir  Henry  Ellis  in  his 
'Introduction  to  Domesday  Book'  (1833) 
wrote  that  the  manor  of  Eia,  "  by  the  name 
of  Eybury,"  was  by  the  Abbot  conveyed  to 
the  King,  thus  implying  that  Eybury  was  a 
later  name  for  Eia  ;  and  making  no  mention 
of  Neyte  and  Hyde,  he  seems  to  ignore  the 
divisional  manors,  although  all  three  are 
named  in  the  Abbot's  grant,  and  in  the  Act 
which  embodies  it. 

Neyte  has  seemed  the  most  indefinite,  yet 
the  most  interesting,  because  it  was  the  one 
manor  which  furnished  the  Abbot  with  a 
house  for  retirement  ;  Eybury  apparently 
had  merely  the  farm-house  of  a  tenant,  and 
Hyde  perhaps  a  lodge  or  the  dwelling  of 
another  tenant.  The  positions  of  these  two, 
however,  are  preserved,  while  the  name 
Neyte  has  been  wiped  out,  and  the  situation 
become  a  matter  of  speculation.  This  being 
so,  I  set  about  the  search,  and  having  after 


*  Opinions  as  to  the  identity  of  the  Tyburn, 
and  even  as  to  the  significance  of  the  name, 
vary  extremely 

f  Dugdale,  '  Monasticon  Anglicanum,'  ed.  1817, 
i.  309. 

J  Kemble,  '  Codex  Diplomatics,'  iii.  72. 
^§  Wharton,  'Hist,  de  Episcopis,'  &c.,  Append., 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  MOB. 


some  trouble  found  the  site,  much  to  my 
satisfaction,  it  was  afterwards  made  evident 
to  me  that  the  discovery  was  not  mine, 
or  only  in  the  degree  of  corroboration.  For 
the  Ordnance  surveyors  had  found  the  site 
of  the  manor  house  c.  1869,  and  marked  it 
on  their  map  of  largest  scale  (5  ft.  to  the  mile] 
published  in  1873.  That  it  should  have 
remained  unknown,  and  speculation  still 
continued,  can  only  be  attributed  to  neglect 
of  the  use  of  the  map,  or  to  the  omission 
of  the  site  on  the  more  generally  used  map 
of  25' 344  inches  to  the  mile. 

Writers  from  Dugdale  and  Lysons  down 
to  those  of  the  present  day  refer  to  the 
manor  indefinitely,  and  in  regard  to  the 
manor  house  they  are  still  less  precise.*  The 
ever  useful  Walford,  though  apparently  he 
had  not  found  the  site,  gave  me  a  cue  to  it  in 
'  Old  and  New  London '  (iv.  3)  :  "In  the 
Clause  [sic]  Rolls,  28  Henry  VIII.,  is  a 
grant  wherein  is  mentioned  the  manor  of 
Neyte  with  the  precinct  of  water  called  the 
Mote  of  the  said  manor."  At  the  Record 
Office  the  grant,  with  the  Close  Rolls,  proved 
to  be  that  of  Abbot  Boston  (afterwards 
Dean  Benson)  to  the  King  of  "  all  that  site, 
soil,  circuit,  and  precinct  of  the  manor  of 
Neyte  within  the  compass  of  the  mote,  with 
all  the  housings,  buildings,  yards,  gardens, 
orchards,  fishings,  and  other  commodities 
in  and  about  the  same  site."  I  take  the 
English  form  of  the  grant  (in  Latin)  as 
incorporated  in  the  Act  28  Henry  VIII. 
cap.  49,  '  Statutes  of  the  Realm,'  iii.  709. 
The  moat  served  as  my  cue,  and  with  the 
Crace  Collection  (Brit.  Mus.)  were  easily 
found  several  copies  of  old  plans  in  the 
archives  of  the  Grosvenor  Westminster 
estate,  the  earliest  of  which  (x.  21),  date  1614, 
showed  me  "  Nete  House "  in  an  oblong 
enclosure  encompassed  by  a  moat.  The 
house  in  plan,  as  might  be  expected,  surrounds 
a  court  which  is  open  to  the  road  in  front, 
where  doubtless  the  moat  was  bridged.  The 
road,  forming  a  loop  round  the  premises,  is 
the  continuation  of  the  "  Willow  Walk," 
which  ia  identified  with  Warwick  Street, 
Pimlico,  the  name  being  preserved  in 
"  Willow  Street  "  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Vauxhall  Bridge  Road,  at  the  point  where 
Warwick  Street  starts  to  run  westward.  If 
we  compare  the  old  plan  with  a  modern  map, 
the  site  of  Nete  House  is  soon  detected 
about  700  yards  from  the  above  point  along 
Warwick  Street;  the  loop  is  still  made  by 


*  Mr.  George  Clinch  in  '  Mayfair  and  Belgravia ' 
(1892),  p.  8,  indicates  the  site  of  "the  Neat  Houses 
and  Gardens,"  but  does  not  seem  to  identify  it  as 
that  of  the  Manor  House. 


side  streets,  though  the  road  is  continued 
straight,  and  the  insula  formed  on  the  south 
side  of  Warwick  Street  represents  the  old 
site.  To-day  the  spot  is  not  attractive ; 
no  willow  or  other  green  thing  relieves  the 
arid  monotony  of  brick  and  stucco  ;  although 
at  the  east  end  of  the  block  of  houses  named 
Sutherland  Terrace  (lately  St.  George's  Row) 
is  "  The  Monster,"  a  well-known  public- 
house  and  'bus  terminus,  where  the  thirst 
of  the  explorer  may  be  assuaged  !  "  The 
Monster  "  has  its  reminiscence  of  vanished 
tea-gardens,  but  more,  the  name  must  be 
an  ugly  declension  of  Minster  or  Monastery, 
and  thus  is  a  witness  to  the  former  dwelling 
of  Abbots.  It  is  here  that  on  the  Ordnance 
map  of  largest  scale  is  marked  "Neyte  Manor 
House  (site  of),"  and  my  discovery  of  it  is, 
I  repeat,  no  more  than  corroboration. 

Another  plan  very  interesting  in  our  study 
is  one  of  1675  (x.  18).  Here  again  is  "  Nete 
House  "  in  the  same  position,  but  the  moat 
is  gone.  The  house  is  shown  in  a  little, 
roughly  sketched  elevation,  and  it  is  valuable 
as  evidence ;  for  against  a  lower  tier  of 
building  is  indicated  a  tower  with  a  broken 
battlemented  top,  which,  taken  in  connexion 
with  the  central  court  and  surrounding  moat 
of  the  1614  plan,  may  fairly  impress  us  as 
mediae val.  In  the  earlier  plan  there  is  also, 
about  330  yards  north  of  Nete  House,  a 
group  of  buildings  marked  "  Eybury";  they 
border  the  "  Road  to  Chelsea,"  and  in  the 
1675  plan,  which  is  entitled  '  A  Map  or 
Plot  of  the  Lordship  of  Eburie,*  we  have  the 
same  buildings  in  elevation,  showing  rather 
a  large  house  (apparently  of  three  stories), 
against  which  is  written  "  Lordship  House," 
circumstances  presently  to  be  considered. 
The  date  1675  is  that  of  the  year  preceding 
the  Grosvenor  acquisition. 

One  other  plan  (x.  19)  will  have  our  notice  : 
*  A  Map  of  the  Grosvenor  Estate  in  St. 
George's  Parish,  as  it  was  in  1723.'  Nete 
House  is  gone,  unless  represented  by  a 
square  block  on  the  site.  The  plan  is 
interesting  in  that  on  a  large  field  in  front 
of  the  site  is  written  "  The  Balywick  of 
Neat "  ;  this  at  least  assures  us  of  the 
locality,  and  suggests  question  as  to  the 
manor  which  we  will  defer  until  we  have 
put  together  what  has  been  gathered  in 
relation  to  Neyte  (Nete,  Neet,  or  Neat) 
Manor  House.  As  to  local  development 
shown  on  the  plan  of  1723,  the  Canal  of  the 
Chelsea  Waterworks  (established  the  previous 
year)  has  been  made  ;  it  cuts  the  by-road 
between  Nete  House  and  "  the  Manor  of 
Ebury,"  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge,  a  slight 
wooden  structure  (as  we  learn  fromWalford),. 


io  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


32S 


the  precursor  of  the  massive  iron  "Ebury 
Bridge"  which  now  spans  the  Brighton  Rail- 
way and  the  remnant  of  the  Canal. 

W.  L.  BUTTON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE    WASHINGTON    PEDIGREE. 

1.  THE  identity  and  descent  of  the  two 
emigrant   Washington   brothers    have    been 
fully  proved  by  Americans  searching  in  this 
country,  and  accepted  in  the  United  States 
of  America,  the  country  most  interested  in 
the  ancestry   of  their  great   President.     In 
'  The  Ancestry  of  George  Washington,'  by 
Mr.  Henry  F.  Waters,  published  as  far  back 
as   1889,  the  emigrant  brothers,  John  and 
Lawrence,  and  their  sisters  Elizabeth,  Mar- 
garet, and  Martha,  are  shown  to  be  identical 
with  the  children  of  Mrs.  Amphillis  Washing- 
ton enumerated  in  the  will  of  Mr.  Andrew 
Knowling  of  Tring,  Herts  ;    since  it  is  im- 
possible that  there  should  have  been  two 
distinct  families  of  five  Washington  children, 
having  the  same  Christian  names  and  order 
of  birth,  and,  as  seen  by  their  wills,  of  corre- 
sponding ages.     At  the  proceedings  of  the 
Surrogate    Court    at   Wheathampstead,    the 
acting  Surrogate  "  for  this  occasion  only  " 
(pro    hdc    vice),    signing    himself    Lawrence 
Washington,  can  have  been  no  other  than 
the  Rector    of    Purleigh,  looking    after    his 
children's  interests  as  beneficiaries  under  the 
will  of  Mr.  Knowling,  proved  at  that  Court 
(Harper's,  May,  1891). 

2.  As    to    the    improbability    of   Purleigh 
children  being  baptized  at  Tring,  the  father's 
name  is  entered  as  "  Mr."  Lawrence  Washing- 
ton, a  prefix  then  used  for  clergymen  amongst 
others,    and    there    is    no    other    Lawrence 
Washington  who  can  have  been  the  father. 
And  a  parallel  to  this  is  recorded  in  the 
Purleigh  register  of  the  same  century.     A 
Rector  of  Purleigh  notes  in  this  register  his 
marriage  with  a  widow  of  Woolwich  in  1690, 
and  also  the  baptism  of  the  child  of  the 
marriage  in  the  drawing-room  of  the  grand- 
mother's  house   in   that   town — the   names 
of  the  "  gossips,"  or  godparents,  which  are 
added,  showing  that  this  was  not  the  private 
baptism   of   a   sick   child.     In   the   case   of 
the   Washington    children    at  Purleigh,    as 
there  were  money  expectations  afterwards 
realized,  we  are  not  surprised  that,  for  this 
reason  also,  not  only  his  godchild  Lawrence, 
but  also  the  two  infants  next  in  age  were 
conveyed   to   the   home   of   their   mother's 
stepfather  at  Tring  for  baptism — Mr.  Andrew 
Knowling,  as  evidenced  by  his  will,  bearing 
that  relationship  to  their  mother. 


3.  As  to  the  objection,   "The  Rector  of 
Purleigh  is  not  known  to   have  married," 
his  marriage  had  long  ago  been  proved  by 
the  record  in  the  Harleian  MS.  of  the  appear- 
ance  of  Mrs.    Washington  before   Commis- 
sioners at  Chelmsford,  when  "  fnth  part  of 
Purleigh  ordered  to  the  plundered  [deprived]' 
Rector's    wife."     He    must    have    married' 
between  his  induction  to  Purleigh,  17  March,, 
and   the   resignation   of   his   Fellowship    at 
Brasenose   College,    Oxford,    30   November,. 
1633,  because,  as  authorities  on  old  College 
procedure    state,    no    other    explanation    is 
possible  why  he  enjoyed  only  eight  and  a 
half  months'  continuance  of  his  Fellowship, 
instead   of   the    customary   twelve   months,, 
after   induction.     This   date   coincides  with 
the  birth  of  his  eldest  son,  John,  who  was 
of  age  8  Feb.,   1655,  when,  after  waiting  a 
twelvemonth,  he  took  out  letters  of  adminis- 
tration on  his  mother's  effects. 

4.  See  also  Mr.  Ford's  discovery  in  The 
Nation,    22   Dec.,    1892,    'The   Washington 
Pedigree  Assured.'     Elizabeth,  whose  father 
is  entered  in  the  Tring  Church  Register  as 
"  Mr."  Lawrence  Washington,  became  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Rumball,  or  Rumbold,  and  received 
a  legacy  from  an  aunt,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Me  wee, 
one  of  whose  brothers  is  known  to  have  been 
Lawrence  Washington,  Rector  of  Purleigh.. 
As  the  father  of  the  niece  and  the  brother 
of    the    aunt    were    both    named    Lawrence 
Washington,  they  must  be  the  same  person. 
The  alternative  is  that  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Mewce 
had  two  brothers  with  the  same  Christian 
name ;      but     of    this    no     trace     can     be 
found   in  the  history  of  the  family.     There- 
fore   the    Rector    of    Purleigh    was    father 
of    Elizabeth,    and     of    her    brothers     and 
sisters,     including      John      the       emigrant 
and    great-grandfather   of    General    George- 
Washington. 

I  append  a  list  of  principal  dates  : — 

Induction  to  Purleigh,  17  March,  1633. 

Baptism  of  Lawrence,  23  June,  1635. 

Baptism  of  Elizabeth,  17  Aug.,  1636.. 

Baptism  of  William,  12  Oct.,  1641. 

Burial  of  Rector  of  Purleigh,  21  Jan.,  1652.. 

Burial  of  Mrs.  Washington,  19  Jan.,  1654. 

John  Washington  takes  out  letters  of 
administration,  8  Feb.,  1655. 

William  appears  to  have  died  in  youth. 
Margaret  and  Martha,  born  within  the- 
Commonwealth  period,  were  probably  bap- 
tized in  a  drawing-room.  As  to  John, 
all  Purleigh  registers,  except  for  burials, 
previous  to  1662,  are  missing. 

R.  T.  LOVE.. 

Purleigh  Rectory,.  Maldon,  Essex.. 


•324: 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  im 


INSCRIPTIONS  AT  FLORENCE. 
(See  10  S.  ix.  224,  344,  443 ;  x.  24,  223.) 

I  GIVE  below  the  second  portion  of  the 
inscriptions    in   the    South-Eastern    Section 
of  the  old  Protestant  cemetery. 
FOURTH  Row. 

344.  Rev.  John  MacNab,  native  of  Ayrshire,  ob. 

345.  Mary  Elizabeth,  d.  of    Samuel  and    Sarah 
Guppy,  of  Bristol,  ob.  17  June,  1841,  a.  35. 

346.  *A  small  recumbent  cross. 

347.  Wm.  Francis  Ram,  inf.  s.  of  Wm.  and  Margt. 
Haskard,  b.  31  Dec.,  1871 ;  ob.  13  Oct.,  1872. 

348.  Hannah  Meiklam,  relict  of  Richard  Dennis- 
toun,  late  of    Ravenswood,   Roxburgh,   Scot.,  ob. 
24  Dec.,  1867. 

349.  Mary  Sophia  Archer  Shee,  eldest  d.  of  Wm. 
and  Harriet  Archer  Shee,  b.  in  London,  13  Oct., 
1843:  ob.  20  Feb.,  1872. 

350  *David  Reid,  b.  20  Jan.,  1807 ;  ob.  20  Nov., 
1833.  Mary  Reid  (illegible).  Another  illegible  slab 
in  same  enclosure. 

351.  Marian,  w.  of  the  Rev.  John  Wordsworth, 
ob.  30  March,  1867,  a.  38. 

352.  John  Wright,  only  s.  of  John  Peirce,  Esq., 
and  Mary  Margaret,   his  w.,   b.  21   Dec.,  1843,  at 
Snatchwood  House,  Mon.;  ob.  10  Feb.,  1867. 

353.  Charles  Sidney  Lever,   Lieut.  2nd  Dragoon 
Guards,  ob.  28  Sept.,  1865,  a.  26.    An  only  son. 

354.  Anna  A.,  w.  of  J.  C.  Johnson,  of  New  York, 
ob.  18  Ap.,  1865,  a.  19  y.  3  m. 

355.  Lizzie,  d.  of  Daniel  and  Margaret.  Chapman, 
w.  of  Prof.  Luigi  Vannuccini,  b.  in  Boston,  U.S., 
31  Jan.,  1839;  ob.  22  Oct.,  1863. 

356.  Florance,  inf.  d.  of  T.  S.  and  E.  W.  Fitch,  of 
•Chicago,  o&.21Ap.,  1869. 

357.  Francis,  Florence,  James,  children  of  Eliza- 
beth and  Hiram  Powers.     (No  date.) 

358.  General    Sir  Wm.    Henry    Sewell,   K.C.B., 
Colonel  of  79th  Highlanders,  ob.  13  March,  1862. 
Georgina  Hacking  Sewell,  his  wid.,  ob.  1  May,  1872. 
James  Bansfield,  late  private  in  13th  Hussars,  for 
20  years  servant  of  General  Sir  W.  H.  Sewell,  ob. 
11  Jan.,  1862. 

359.  Homan  Mulock,    s.   of    Thos.   Homan    and 
Frances  Sophia  Mulock,  of  Bellair,  King's  Co.,  Ire- 
land, ob.  21  Ap.,  1861,  a.  14. 

360.  Isabell  Jane  Knight,  b.  13  Sept.,  1816  ;   ob. 
17  July,  1870,  d.  of  John  Knight,  Esq.,  of  Wolverley, 
Wore.,  and  Simonsbath,  Somerset. 

361.  Claudia  S.  H.  Burtchaell,  ob.  at  Siena,  14  July, 
1874,  a.  10  mths. 

362.  Thos.  Ayrault,  inf.  s.  of  John  A.  and  Jeanie 
Jackson,  b.  10  Feb.,  1866;  ob.  8  Jan.,  1867. 

363.  Amasa  Hewins,  of  Boston,  U.S.,  ob.  18  Aug., 
1855,  a.  60. 

364.  Charles     Michael    Jopling,    b.    in    London, 
30  Mar.,  1820 ;  ob.  in  Leghorn,  20  Feb.,  1863.   Samuel 
Waistell  Jopling,  b.  in  London,  17  Ap.,  1827;  ob. 
3  Dec.,  1858. 

365.  Samuel  Charters,  Major  R.A.,  06.  at  Pistoia, 
6  Sept.,  1866. 

366.  Christine  Aurora,  w.  of  John  Redman  Ord, 
Esq.,  ob.  30  May,  1853,  a.  26.     Also  John  Francis 
Kirkpatrick,  their  s.,  ob.  14  Ap.,  1852,  a.  2. 

367.  Emilia,  w.  of  Major  Samuel  Charters,  Royal 
British  Artillery,  ob.  in  Pistoia,  7  Jan.,  1855,  a.  44.      , 


368.  Edward  Home,  Esq.,  formerly  of  St.  Peter's 
College,  Camb.,  for  many  years  resident  in  Florence, 
ob.  18  Mar.,  1851,  a.  61. 

369.  *  Denham  Chas.  Johnstone  (Cooke).  2nd  s.  of 
the  Rev.  Denham  S.S.  (Cooke)  and  Maria  Henrietta, 
his  w.,  of  Woodhampton  House,  Wore.,  b.  19  Nov., 
1810,  ob.  (21)  Ap.,  18  (41). 

370.  Elizabeth,  relict  of  the  late  George  Maquay, 
Esq.,  of  Dublin,  d.  of  the  late  Moore  Disney,  Esq., 
of  Churchtown,  Waterford,  ob.  10  Dec.,  1845,  a.  84. 

371.  Frederica  Anna  Maria  Cicely  Methuen,  d. 
of  Lord  and  Lady  Methuen,  ob.  29  Aug.,  1850,  a. 
1  y.  4  m. 

372.  *  ob.  22  Dec.,    1858.      A    recumbent   cross 
covered  with  lichen. 

373.  Maurice  Baruch,  b.  Feb.,  1808;  ob.  31  Oct., 
1875. 

374.  Mary  Lawrence,  w.  of  Lieut.  W.  Preston 
Griffin,    of    the  U.S.   Navy,    d.    of    Capt.    James 
Lawrence,  of  the  same  service,  ob.  3  Sept.,  1843. 

375.  Francis  A.  Woodall,    b.   in   Kentucky,    ob. 
12  Aug.,  1865.     Erected  by  his  w.  and  son. 

FIFTH  Row. 

376.  Ann  Murray,  sp.,  ob.  6  May,  1843.    In  same 
enclosure  :  Lady  Don,  wid.  of  Gen.  Sir  George  Don, 
G.C.B.,  G.C.H.,  Governor  of  Gibraltar,  ob.  15  Jan., 
1855,  a.  90. 

377.  Henrietta,  wid.  of  Admiral  Sir  Geo.  Bowyer. 
Bt.,  ob.  15  Nov.,  1845. 

378.  Sarah   Malkinson    Johnson,   w.  of  the  Rev. 
Rothwell  Johnson,  d.   of  Henry  Wrought,  Esq.,  of 
Long  Sutton,  Lines.,  ob.  2  Nov.,  1869,  a.  32. 

379.  Edmund  Bennett,   Esq.,  ob.    3    May,    1858, 

a.  39. 

380.  Louisa  Mary    Yarnold,   nee   Teschemacher, 

b.  5  Nov.,  1800;  ob.  27  Jan.,  1861. 

381.  Mary  and  Emily  Hussey,  ob.  21  June,  1862. 

382.  *Lydia,  w.  of  Joseph  Checucci  for  nearly  55 
years,  b.  9  Nov..  178(3)  ;  ob.  (?). 

383.  *Sophie  Sturmeels,  b.  Mar.,  1815;  ob.  27  Feb., 
18(65). 

384.  Anne  Clem entia  Teschemacher,  b.  22  Dec., 
1788  ;  ob.  19  May,  1864. 

385.  Henry,   s.    of    the    late    Walter    Brind,   of 
London,  ob.  22  Dec.,  1866,  a.  61. 

386.  Nina  Adelina  Juliet,  d.  of  John  Theophilus 
Kelsall  and  his  w.  Annie  Hill,  ob.  16  Mar.,   1864, 
a.  17- 

387.  *Lieut.-Col.  Charles  (Leath),  C.B.,  ob.  18  (?). 

388.  James  Robert    Matthews.    Esq.,    ob.    after 
4  years'  illness,  29  July,  1850,  a.  72. 

389.  Mary  Anne  Octavia,  d.    of  the   late  J.  R. 
Matthews,  Esq.,  of  Villa  Lorenzi,  b.  15  May,  1827  ; 
ob.  27  Nov.  1856. 

390.  Annie,  only  ch.   of    late    Capt.    Arbuthnot 
Dallas,  Indian  Army,  ob.  9  Jan.,  1865. 

391.  Mary,  2nd  d.  of  Robert  Gardner,  of  (Sansaw), 
Salop,  ob.  24  Mar.,  1869,  a.  37. 

392.  Sarah,  wid.  of  Col.  Sir  Francis  Lee,  ob.  Feb., 
1865,  a.  85,  erected  by  her  d.,  Marchesa  Guadagni. 

393.  Maria,  w.    of   Capt.  George  Chichester,  of 
Arlington,  Devon,  ob.  at  Leghorn,  14  July,  1840,  a.  24. 

394.  Jane  Ricketts,  b.  at  East  Knoyle,  16  Feb., 
[836  ;  ob.  15  Dec.,  1867.    Placed  by  Henry  and  Janet 
floss. 

395.  Catherine  Fullerton  Fullerton,  eldest  d.  of 
;he  late    George   Alexander    Fullerton,    Esq.,    of 
Ballantoy  Castle,  Antrim,  and  Tockington,  Glouc., 
nd  late  of  Westwood,   near  Southampton,   ob.  in 
'lorence  at  the  residence  of  her  brother-in-law, 

John  Nesbitt  Maxwell,  Esq.,  20  Feb.,  1868,  a.  66. 


10  s.  x.  GOT.  24,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


396.  Augusta  Robertson,  of  Auchleeks,  ob.  18  May, 

397.  Thomas  Townley,  ob.  14  Feb.,  1839,  a.  32. 

398.  H.S.E.  |  Hugo  Jacobus  Rose,  S.T.B.  |  Anglus 
|  Reverendissimqin  Christopatri  |  Gulielmo  Archi- 

episcopo  Cantuariensi  a  sacris  domesticis  |  collegii 
regalis  apud  Londinenses  prsefectus  |  qui  cum  jam  (?) 
academia  Cantabrigiensi  j  (quod)  egregia  posset 
indoies  |  rectissimis  studiis  iriformata  |  haud  ob- 
scure significaverat  |  id  deinc.eps  |  quum  ex  umbra 
in  solem  processerat  |  clarissimis  patefecit  indiciis 

|  totum  se  dedit  ecclesise  \  in  concionibus  |  quarum 
permultas  casque  gravissimas  |  coram  academicis 
suis  habuit  |  magna  vvultus  formse  staturse  dignitate 

|  canorse  YOGIS  dulcedine  |  sancta  copiosa  flexa- 
nima  eloquentia  |  oculos  aures  mentes  omnium  | 
tenebat  in  sese  defixas  \  in  scriptis  |  strenuus  tidei 
Christianee  defensor  j  insanientem  redarguit  sapi- 
entiam  |  ingraviscente  ecclesiae  et  reipublicse  peri- 
culo  |  de  neutra  desperavit  et  ut  alii  bene  sperarent 

|  inter  primes  effecit  |  felicissime  in  sacris  literis 
versatus  |  graecarum  latinarumque  scientissimus  I 
animi  candore  eximio  |  singular!  morum  suavitate  | 
omnium  omnis  setatis  et  ordinis  |  mirifice  sibi  con- 
cilians    benevolentiam  |  per    brevis    sed    actuosse 
vitae  curriculum  |  et  in  valetudine  semper  infirma  | 
cpnsulens  aliis  prodigus  sui  |  domi  maximis  labo- 
ribus  I  non    tarn    fatiscens    quam    fractus  |  hospes 
eheu  |  in  hac  urbe  florentina  placide  conquievit  | 
xi  Kal.  Jan.  CIOIOCCGXXXIX,  JEt.  XLI.  |  Have  anima 
generosa  dulcis  et  pia. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 
18,  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne. 

(To  be  continued.) 


"  PAPALOI  "  :  "  MAMALOI."— These  are  the 
names  given  to  the  high  priest  and  priestess 
of  the  degraded  "  Voodoo  "  cult  of  Hayti 
and  the  West  Indies  generally.  They  have 
never  been  traced  to  their  source,  but  I  have 
just  come  upon  a  note  in  Sir  H.  Johnston's 
new  book  '  Grenfell  and  the  Congo'  (1908, 
p.  636)  which  states  that  "  -loki,  -loshi, 
-lozi,  -loi,  in  varying  forms,  is  a  widespread 
Bantu  root  for  an  evil  spirit."  Further  on 
Sir  Harry  shows  that  it  is  also  used  to  denote 
the  sorcerer  (e.g.,  p.  660,  "  the  Mu-loshi,  or 
sorcerer").  This  appears  to  be  just  what 
we  want,  and  I  think  we  need  make  no  iffi-d 
culty  about  "  Papaloi  "  and  "  Mamaloi  " 
being  hybrid  words,  of  which  the  first  ele- 
ments are  the  European  papa  and  mama, 
and  the  ending  the  Congo  term  -loi,  sorcerer. 
The  sense  would  thus  be  "  father  of  wizards  " 
and  "  mother  witch." 

JAMES  PI^ATT,  Jun. 

"  WAINSCOT." — I  beg  leave  to  draw  atten- 
tion to  an  early  mention  of  wainscot,  because 
the  spelling  is  so  unusual  that  it  may  easily 
be  overlooked. 

In  the  '  Royal  and  Historical  Letters ' 
(Rolls  Series),  ed.  Hingeston,  i.  262,  we  find  a 
reference  to  a  new  ship  with  a  remarkable 


cargo  :  "  nova  navis,  cum  tritico,  braseo,. 
farina,  cervisia,  terebinto,  et  lignis  voag 
henschot  onustata."  That  is  what  the  editor 
gives  us.  But  surely  the  strange  pair  of: 
words  here  printed  in  italics  is  really  but 
one  word,  and  vo  is  a  playful  Anglo-French 
symbol  for  w.  The  reference  is  to  waghenschot,. 
the  Middle  Dutch  spelling  of  ivainscot. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

COTTESWOLD,  IN  ITALY. — Among  fifteenth 
century  forms  of  the  term  Cotteswold  (now 
more  usually  shortened  into  Cotswold)  occur 
Cottyswold  and  Cottasowlde.  The  word 
then  would  seem  to  have  been  pronounced 
as  a  trisyllable.  Mr.  Duignan  in  his  '  Worces- 
tershire Place-Names  '  instances  an  example 
as  early  as  1231 — Coteswold.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  find  intermediate  examples  in  English 
deeds  which  could  throw  further  light  upon 
the  pronunciation.  However,  in  Balducci 
Pegalotti's  '  Merchant's  Manual,'  MS., 
A.D.  1315  (Riccardiana,  2441),  occur  the 
following  names  of  British  monasteries 
and  places  that  supplied  the  Florentine 
wool-market.  They  were  published  by 
S.  L.  Peruzzi  in.  his  '  Storia  del  Commercio/ 
1808,  together  with  many  of  the  English 
equivalents  of  the  Italianized  forms. 
These  were  supplied  to  the  author  by  two- 
accomplished  authorities  :  Cecil  Monro  and 
E.  A.  Bond.  But  certain  of  the  fourteenth- 
century  forms  therein  offered  them  diffi- 
culties, and  their  equivalents  consequently 
do  not  appear.  Among  these  I  venture  ta 
think  we  have  good  evidence  of  the  trisyllabic 
pronunciation  of  the  above  name  for  the 
"  Montes  Hwicciorum  "  : — 

Guesame  in  Chondisgualdo=Evesham  in 
Cotteswold. 

Osea  in  Chondisgualdo  =  Osency  in  Cottes- 
wold. 

Cilesi  in  Condisgualdo  =  (?)  Selsley  in 
Cotteswold. 

Labricciera  di  Condisgualdo  =  Brueria,  co. 
Oxon. 

Lofusteltro  in  Chondisgualdo  =  (?)  Le  Fosse 
Stretton. 

The  Italian  ch  being  the  equivalent  of  k, 
and  gu  that  of  w,  we  should  arrive  at  Kondis- 
wald  as  approximating  to  the  sound  of  the 
name  as  caught  by  a  Florentine  ear  of  the 
days  of  Edward  II.  The  same  list  gives 
"  Chonterbery  "  for  Canterbury  ;  "  Chinch^ 
Sulda "  for  Kingswood  (Cistercian  Monas- 
tery) ;  "  Guarverlea  "  for  Waverley  (Cist. 
Mon.)  ;  "  Isticchi  Sigualdo  "  for  Stixwould 
(co.  Line.)  ;  "  Biliguassi  "  for  Bildwas  ;  and 
"  Guiccicumba  "  for  Winchcombe. 

ST.  CLAIR  BADDELEY.. 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  im 


DONKEYS,  MEASLES,  AND  WHOOPING- 
OOUGH. — The  following  curious  bit  of  folk- 
lore may  be  of  interest  to  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.' 
I  quote  from  the  weekly  issue  of  the  local 
paper  for  26  September  : — 

"  In  the  enlightened  county-town  of  Down,  the 
practice  is  still  followed  of  putting  a  child  under 
a  donkey,  either  as  a  preventive  in  the  case  of 
measles  and  whooping-cough,  or  as  a  means  of 
.moderating  their  violence.  That  such  credulity 
should  continue  to  exist  is  remarkable.  But  not  a 
.few  instances  of  it  can  be  cited.  From  the  beginning 
an  object  of  neglect  and  ill-treatment,  the  donkey  is 
a  type  of  obstinacy  and  stupidity.  Yet  in  the 
imagination  of  many  people,  it  possesses  physical 
properties  capable  of  warding  off  ills  to  which  man- 
kind is  heir." — Down  Recorder. 

KATHLEEN  WAKD. 

"Castle  Ward,  Downpatrick. 

"  DIRECTOIRE  "  GOWNS. — Some  months 
since  a  furore  was  excited  in  Hyde  Park  by 
the  appearance  of  a  theatrical  lady  attired 
in  this  supposed  objectionable  costume. 
I  have  just  become  acquainted  with  the  fact 
that  in  an  ornamental  plaster  mantelpiece 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  in  one  of  the  rooms 
•of  "  The  Luttrell  Arms  Hotel "  at  Dunster, 
two  women  of  the  period  are  represented 
with  the  special  feature  by  which  the 
'"  Directoire  "  gown  is  recognized. 

In  work  of  such  a  period  it  seems  worthy  of 
note,  whatever  may  be  the  explanation  of  the 
portrayal  of  such  a  costume.  W.  S.  B.  H. 

"  DOLLS  "  ON  RACE-COURSES. — These  are 
movable  posts,  on  a  four-footed  base,  used 
to  mark  out  a  course  or  gallop  when  it  is  not 
worth  the  while  to  fix  permanent  posts, 
a  chain  being  led  through  a  hole  near  the 
top.  The  home  of  the  article  and  of  the 
word  was  Newmarket  Heath  ;  for  we  find 
in  Forby's  'Vocabulary  of  East  Anglia,'  1830, 
"  Dool,  dole,  a  boundary  mark  in  an  un- 
enclosed field."  Queen  Elizabeth  in  her 
*  Injunctions,'  1559,  directs  the  admonition 
to  be  given  on  Rogation  Days  :  "  Cursed 
be  he  which  translateth  the  boundes  and 
dolles  of  his  neighbor."  In  the  '  Paston 
Letters  '  the  vicar  is  written  of  as  having 
"  pullid  up  the  doolis"  See  the  new  edition 
of  '  Prompt.  Parv.'  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Mayhew. 
The  words  are  variants  of  deal,  sb. 

H.  P.  L. 

EMIGRANTS  TO  AMERICA. — The  Eighth 
Report  of  the  Historical  Manuscripts  Commis- 
sion, p.  372,  states  that  the  Chester  Sheriffs' 
books  give  the  name  of  every  ship  entering 
names  of  all  passengers,  &c.  Such  lists 
would  be  of  the  greatest  importance  to  all 
Americans  searching  for  the  connecting  link 
with  England. 


I  have  made  an  exhaustive  search  in  the 
records  now  at  the  Town  Hall,  Chester, 
between  the  years  1580  and  1700,  and  can 
find  no  trace  of  these  lists,  so  that  if  they 
exist  it  must  be  for  some  other  period. 

The  classes  of  records  searched  were 
Sheriffs'  Books,  Depositions  and  Examina- 
tions, Mayor's  Court  files,  Passage  Court 
Rolls,  Portmote  Rolls,  Mayor's  Year-books, 
Records  of  Mayor's  and  Sheriffs'  Courts, 
Sheriffs'  Court  files,  Custom  Entry  Books, 
Merchant  Adventurers,  Sessions  files,  and 
Mayor's  Memo.  Books. 

GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.W. 

"  PIDDLE  "  AS  A  LAND  MEASURE. — Neither 
the  'N.E.D.'  nor  the  '  E.D.D.'  gives  this 
word  as  meaning  a  measure  of  land,  but  it 
was  so  used  in  the  will  of  Thomas  Naysh  of 
Hurst  in  the  county  of  Berks,  dated  3  Feb., 
1715  :— 

"  Registry  of  the  Dean  of  Sarum. 

"  Item  I  give  unto  my  son  William  Naysh  All 
those  my  two  Cottages  or'Tenements  situate,  lyeing, 
and  being  att  Naland  in  the  parish  of  Hurst  above- 
said and  one  Piddle  of  enclosed  land  called 

burnt   piddle  to  the  use  and  behoof  of  my  son 

William  Naysh." 

The  will  was  proved  at  Sunning,    13  July, 

1716,  before  the  Rev.  Thomas  Henchman, 

A.M.,    Dni.    Decani    Sarum ;     Geo.    ffreme, 

R.D. 

The  word  "piddle,"  now  rare,  was  used 
"  in  a  trifling  way,  and  always  depreciatory." 
In  this  case  it  would  probably  refer  to  a 
small  piece  of  land. 

HARPER  GAYTHORPE,  F.S.A.(Scot.). 

Barrow-in-Furness. 

*  THE  MARSEILLAISE.'  —  This  much-dis- 
cussed national  anthem  is  the  subject  of  a 
long  and  interesting  article  in  the  Figaro 
(Literary  Supplement)  of  7  August,  by  M. 
Michel  Aube.  M.  Aube  proves,  as  conclu- 
sively as  such  things  can  be  proved,  that  the 
author  was  undoubtedly  Rouget  de  Lisle. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

"  SCONE  "  OR  "  SCON." — A  scon  or  scone 
is  explained  by  Jamieson  as  a  thin  cake  of 
wheat  or  barley-meal.  It  is  sometimes 
round  ('E.D.D.').  But  it  is  also  three- 
cornered  ;  and  a  quotation  in  the  '  E.D.D.' 
talks  about  "  three-nucket  scons,"  i.e., 
three-nooked  scons.  As  to  the  etymology, 
I  find  from  '  The  Century  Dictionary  '  that  it 
is  from  the  Gaelic  sgonn,  a  block  of  wood. 
Let  us  hope  that  it  is  not  true. 

It  occurs  in  Douglas's  translation  of  Virgil. 
The  adorea  liba  of  '  ^Eneid  '  vii.  109  are  there 
translated  by  "  flour-sconnis."  This  inti- 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


mates  that  scon  better  represents   the   old 
pronunciation. 

I  see  no  reason  for  doubting  that  scon 
represents  the  Mid.  Dan.  skon-roggen,  which 
Kalkar  explains  as  a  bun  or  cake  of  bolted 
flour.  This  is  not  a  true  Danish  word,  but 
borrowed  from  the  Low  G.  schoon-roggen, 
called  in  Hamburg  schon-roggen,  where  it 
meant  a  three-cornered  loaf  or  bun ;  lit. 
"  fine  rye,"  from  schoon,  schdn,  fine,  and 
roggen,  rye.  The  interesting  point  is  that 
the  true  scon  is  three-cornered  still.  It  is 
also  still  schdn.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

DICKENS' s  SURNAMES  :  GUPPY. — In  con- 
nexion with  the  discussion  on  the  manner 
in  which  Dickens  discovered  names  for 
characters  in  '  The  Pickwick  Papers  '  (10  S. 
ix.  427  ;  x.  10,  52,  113,  216),  it  may  interest 
your  readers  to  know  that  some  time  ago 
a  correspondent  of  The  Daily  Graphic  con- 
tended that  Dickens  procured  the  name  of 
Guppy,  which  he  gave  to  the  lawyer's  clerk 
in  '  Bleak  House,'  in  the  following  manner. 
Dickens  and  Macready  were  walking  along 
the  main  street  of  Sherborne  in  Dorsetshire 
when  they  passed  a  door  bearing  the  name 
of  Guppy  on  a  brass  plate.  Dickens  entered 
the  name  in  his  notebook,  and  not  long  after- 
wards it  appeared  in  the  celebrated  novel 
just  mentioned. 

As  a  descendant  of  the  Guppys  of  Wiltshire 
(my  grandmother  having  been  a  Guppy), 
I  may  mention  that  it  is  a  Walloon  name, 
and  was  originally  spelt  Goupe.  Dr.  Smiles 
in  his  '  Huguenots  in  England  and  Ireland  ' 
says  :  "  The  Walloon  Goupes,  who  settled 
in  Wiltshire  as  clothmakers  more  than 
300  years  since,  are  still  known  there  as  the 
Guppys." 

EDWARD  JB.  WORTLEY  MOXHAM. 

Hounslow. 

OWL  FOLK-LORE  IN  INDIA. — The  following 
extract  from  The  Zoologist  of  1848  may 
interest  those  of  your  readers  who  study 
the  folk-lore  of  birds  or  popular  medicine. 
It  is  signed  S.  C.  Malan  : — 

"About  the  middle  of  February,  1839,  one  of  my 
servants  brought  me  a  nest  of  five  owlets,  apparently 
two  or  three  days  old,  which  had  been  found  by 
men  at  work  in  the  house  I  then  occupied  in  the 

neighbourhood  of  Calcutta.  The  native while 

bringing  me  the  owlets,  begged  my  leave  to  keep 
them.  His  request  surprised  me  the  more  as  I  was 
aware  of  the  superstitious  dread  with  which  owls 
are  looked  upon  by  the  natives  of  India;  and  I 
asked  him  what  he  could  do  with  them.  '  I  shall 
pound  them,  sir,'  was  his  answer.  '  Pound  them  ! 
what  for  ? '  '  Why,  sir,  to  make  a  plaister  of  them  : 
it  is  good  against  sickness.'"— First  Series,  vol.  vi. 
p.  2140. 

A.  O.  V.  P. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


'  PUNCH  '  EXHIBITION. — The  proprietors 
of  Punch  are  making  arrangements  for  holding 
at  the  beginning  of  next  year  in  London  an 
exhibition  which  will  be  entirely  devoted 
to  Punch  from  its  commencement  in  1841 
to  the  present  day.  In  order  to  make  this 
exhibition  as  complete  and  interesting  as 
possible,  they  are  anxious  to  obtain  the 
ban  of — 

1.  Original    drawings    by    Punch    artists, 
especially  those  whose  work  is  over. 

2.  Prints,     lithographs,     coloured     plates, 
&c.,  of  Punch  work. 

3.  Documents  and  autograph  letters  relat- 
ing to  Punch. 

4.  MSS.  of  Punch  articles. 

5.  Objects    of    interest    that    have    been 
in  the  possession  of  Punch  men,  and  indeed 
anything  that  is  in  any  way  connected  with 
Punch. 

I  shall  be  very  grateful  if  those  of  your 
readers  who  are  able  and  willing  to  help  in 
the  manner  indicated  will  be  kind  enough 
to  communicate  with  me  at  the  Punch  office, 

»,  Bouverie  Street,  E.G. 

W.  LAWRENCE  BRADBURY. 

BRITISH  ENVOY  AT  WARSAW  IN  1774. — 
I  have  seen  in  some  German  book  a  mention 
of  an  interesting  letter  written  by  the  British 
envoy  at  Warsaw  in  1774,  but  without  any 
reference,  and  even  without  the  name  of  the 
envoy.  I  wish  to  know  his  name,  and  the 
work  or  series  in  which  his  letters,  dispatches, 
or  reports  have  been  published. 

H.  GAIDOZ. 

22,  Rue  Servandoni,  Paris  (VIe). 

MISSING  WORD. — There  is  an  English  word 
which  has  escaped  my  memory.  Owing 
to  its  striking  significance,  it  is  well  worth 
remembering,  and  I  have  set  my  heart  upon 
recovering  it,  regardless  of  any  amount  of 
trouble,  and  ask  for  help  from  your  readers. 

The  word  in  question  fits  the  following 
description :  a  compound  noun,  consisting 
of  two  or  three  words,  having  two  meanings  : 
a  literal  and  a  figurative  one.  Literally  it 
means  killing,  a  shot,  a  freebooter,  or  some- 
thing like  it — anyhow  a  bad  character ; 
figuratively  it  denotes  a  "  person  little  or 
unknown."  I  came  across  the  word  in  a 
periodical,  and  have  actually  seen  it  in  my 
big  dictionary.  It  is  by  its  literal  meaning 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        uo  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  im. 


that  the  noun  in  question  occupies  a  place 
in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the  dictionary, 
whereas  its  figurative  meaning  is  actually 
given  by  the  words  quoted  above. 

I  hope  some  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  be 
able  to  identify  the  word  I  am  seeking. 

ARTHUR  GRANICHSTAEDTEN. 

IX.,  Althanplatz  2,  Vienna. 

ROYAL  ENGINEERS  OF  IRELAND,  1251-1801. 
— It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  pre- 
vious to  the  Act  of  Union  in  1801  Ireland 
had  her  own  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery 
and  her  own  Corps  of  Royal  Engineers, 
under  her  own  Master-General  of  the  Ord- 
nance. 

The  latter  corps  can  trace  its  existence 
to  an  order  of  Henry  III.  to  the  Justiciary 
of  Ireland  in  1251,  though,  of  course,  its 
name  and  titles  were  different ;  and  from 
1279  there  is  a  fairly  complete  succession 
to  the  last  Chief  Engineer  in  1801,  General 
Vallancey. 

I  am  at  present  engaged  in  collecting 
materials  for  a  history  of  this  corps,  and  I 
shall  be  very  grateful  if  any  readers  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  who  have  information  about  the 
corps  or  its  individual  members  will  send 
it  to  me.  As,  however,  this  may  involve 
a  larger  correspondence  than  can  be  con- 
veniently carried  on  through  the  medium  of 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  I  ask  that  communications  may 
be  sent  to  me,  care  of  Cox  &  Co.,  Hornby 
Road,  Bombay. 

W.  P.  PAKENHAM  WALSH,  Lieut.  R.E. 

"  MAMAMOTJCHI." — In  '  Le  Bourgeois  Gen- 
tilhomme,'  IV.  v.,  we  find  this  word,  with  the 
explanation  "  C'est  a  dire,  en  notre  langue, 
paladin,  ce  sont  de  ces  anciens ....  Paladin, 
enfin."  The  editor  says  in  a  note  :  "  Un 
mot  forge  par  Moliere .  .  .  .  il  a  pris  place 
dans  notre  langage  populaire,  oil  il  designe 
un  homme  habille  a  la  turque." 

The  word  is,  however,  found  in  Ben  Jonson, 
'  Volpone,'  II.  i. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  of  the 
origin  of  the  word  ?  Could  Moliere  have 
borrowed  it  from  Ben  Jonson  ?  It  appears 
to  be  what  might  be  called  "  pidgin- Arabic," 
like  the  other  words  in  '  Le  Bourgeois  Gen- 
tilhomme.'  T.  O.  HODGES. 

Kumbakonam,  S.  India. 

[The  'N.E.D.'  merely  describes  it  as  a  mock- 
Turkish  title,  and  offers  no  derivation.  The  first 
quotation  for  it  in  English  is  from  Dryden  in  1672.] 

"  DISDAUNTED." — On  the  monument  of 
Sir  Palmes  Fairborne  in  Westminster  Abbey 
are  some  lines  written  by  Dryden.  In  them 
occurs  the  word  disdaunted,  which,  so  far 


as  I  know,  has  always  appeared  in  transcrip- 
tions as  "  undaunted."  It  is  so  given  even  in 
Ackermann's  history  of  the  abbey.  It  seems 
unlikely  that  the  word  is  a  mistake  of  the 
sculptor's,  but  it  seems  not  to  have  made 
its  way  into  dictionaries.  Does  any  one 
know  of  its  occurrence  elsewhere  ?  When 
did  the  epitaph  first  appear  in  print  ?  It 
should  be  said  that  the  sculptor  was  an 
ignorant  man.  He  has  carved  "  Balladium  " 
instead  of  Palladium.  JOHN  SARGEATJNT. 
11,  Vincent  Square,  S.W. 

JACKSON  FAMILY. — Information  wanted 
as  to  who  are  the  present  representatives 
of  James  Jackson  of  17,  Furnival's  Inn, 
London,  attorney,  who  either  died  or  retired 
from  practice  in  1779.  He  acted  for  the 
Molyneux  and  Sherard  families. 

PEIRCE  GUN  MAHONY,  Cork  Herald. 

Office  of  Arms,  Dublin. 

"  PRESBYTER  INCENSATUS." — This  term 
occurs  in  the  course  of  a  judicial  inquiry 
into  a  criminal  charge  contained  in  the  Re- 
gister of  Robert  Rede,  Bishop  of  Chichester, 
anno  1411.  The  priest  in  question  had  been 
apparently  present  unofficially  at  the  cele- 
bration of  Mass  in  the  church  of  Walberton, 
near  Arundel,  and  was  entertained  at  break- 
fast afterwards  in  the  vicarage  with  others. 
I  can  find  no  explanation  of  the  word  in- 
censatus.  If  a  miscopying  for  incensitus. 
would  the  in  be  intensive  or  privative  ? 
"  taxed  "  or  "  untaxed  "  ?  Would  he  per- 
chance be  an  itinerant,  prepared  to  take  a 
Mass  or  other  clerical  duty  for  a  considera- 
tion ?  CECIL  DEEDES. 
Chichester. 

CONSTABLE'S  FAMILY. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  kindly  tell  me  of  the  respective 
deaths  of  Abram  Constable,  brother  of  John 
Constable,  R.A.,  and  Anne  and  Mary  Con- 
stable, his  two  sisters  ?  W.  ROBERTS. 

47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham,  S.W. 

"  START  "  =  Ass. — In  his  '  New  Account  of 
E.  India  and  Persia  '  (1698),  p.  224,  Dr.  John 
Fryer,  writing  of  Gombroon  in  Persia,  says  : 
"  The  most  diverting  was  of  our  Europe 
sailors  mounting  their  Starts  or  Asses,  the 
briskest,  neatest,  and  nimblest  of  that  kind 
I  ever  saw."  Whence  comes  this  word 
"  start  "  ?  EMERITUS.. 

DUGDALE    AND    THORP    MSS.  :      G.     P.     R. 

JAMES  AS  GENEALOGIST. — Can  any  one  in- 
form me  whether  these  MSS.  formed  a  part 
of  the  Staunton  (Warwickshire)  Collection,, 
destroyed  by  fire  at  Birmingham  in  1879  ? 
And  did  they  include  genealogical  nates-  con- 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


cerning  American  families,  compiled  by 
G.  P.  R.  James  when  he  was  consul  at  Nor 
folk,  Virginia  ?  Did  these  notes  ever  fine 
their  way  into  print  ? 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 
36,  Upper  Bedford  Place. 

NATIONAL  PORTRAIT  GALLERY. — The  late 
Mr.  W.  H.  Alexander  gave  100,0002.  towards 
the  present  building,  the  new  gallery  being 
opened  in  1896.  Can  any  reader  say  to 
what  family  this  generous  public  benefactor 
belonged  ?  SPERO. 

BRIDAL  STONE. — Can  any  one  tell  me 
where  to  find  the  legendary  or  authentic 
history  of  these  curious  holed  bridal  stones  ? 
I  have  an  idea  that,  in  remote  ages,  occasiona 
marriage  ceremonies  may  have  taken  place 
by  joining  hands  through  the  hole  in  the 
stone,  but  can  find  no  account  thereof  in 
any  book.  Is  the  tradition  associated  with 
these  stones  Scotch  only  ?  I  saw  what  ] 
fancy  is  one  of  these  stones  in  Cornwall 
(see  10  S.  ix.  509).  J.  HARRIS  STONE. 

Stoneleigli,  72,  Stamford  Brook  Road,  W. 

JOHN  EYRE,  1775. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  supply  particulars  of  the  family 
parentage,  &c.,  of  John  Eyre,  living  at 
Coventry  in  1775  ?  Information  supplied 
direct  will  be  much  appreciated. 

JOHN  EYRE  SPARROW. 
Ashford  House,  Talybont-on-Usk,  S.  Wales. 

STAFFORD  AND  NORTHAMPTON  FAMILIES. — 
Any  information,  deeds,  documents,  books, 
portraits,  or  relics,  connected  with  the 
families  of  Fenton,  Beard,  Bourne,  Mount- 
ford,  Bagnall,  Heathcote,  and  Boughey, 
of  Staffordshire,  Northamptonshire,  Cheshire, 
&c.,  will  be  appreciated.  Please  reply  direct. 

R.  SIMMS. 

Newcastle-undei-L.yme,  Staffs. 

"JNAY  DAULTRE." — Round  a  medallion 
of  ancient  glass  inserted  in  a  modern  glass 
window  in  the  church  of  Tyneham,  Isle  of 
Purbeck,  runs  the  above  Old  French  legend. 
Within  is  the  Virgin  seated  with  the  Child 
in  her  arms.  One  might  supply  secours  or 
some  such  word ;  but,  as  two  objects  of 
adoration  are  figured,  it  seems  better  to 
understand  the  words  as  the  utterance  of 
the  Virgin,  "  Je  n'ai  d'autre  (fils)."  So 
understood,  have  the  words  an  anti-Helvidian 
point  ?  Helvidius,  it  will  be  remembered, 
taught  that  "  the  Lord's  brethren "  were 
younger  children  of  the  Virgin,  a  view  which 
excited  vehement  protest.  Is  the  above 
legend,  or  one  similar  to  it,  found  elsewhere  ? 

W.  F.   ?ox. 


HODSON  FAMILY. — I  am  desirous  of  obtain- 
ing particulars  of  the  marriage  of  Thomas 
Hodson,  fifth  son  of  Wm.  Hodson  of  New 
Alresford,  Hants.  He  was  born  in  1647,  and 
died  3  Dec.,  1710,  being  buried  in  the  church- 
yard of  St.  Mary-le-Bow,  Cheapside. 

I  should  also  be  indebted  to  any  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  could  furnish  information 
relating  to  his  third  brother  James,  who 
married  and  had  one  son,  William,  who  died 
in  1744. 

Replies  may  be  sent  direct  to 

LEONARD  JAS.  HODSON. 
Robertsbridge,  Sussex. 

COMMODORE  CHAMBERLAIN. — James  Pice- 
cotto  in  his  *  Sketches  of  Anglo-Jewish 
History  '  (p.  54)  makes  the  following  obser- 
vation : — 

"  Our  co-religionists  have  furnished  several  dis- 
tinguished naval  officers  to  their  country.  Among 
these  we  may  name  Commodore  Chamberlain,  who 
flourished  at  the  time  of  William  and  Mary." 
I  cannot  trace  any  Jewish  family  of  this 
name.  Was  the  name  assumed,  or  was 
Chamberlain  a  convert  to  Judaism  ?  Is  he 
referred  to  in  any  naval  history  or  biography  ? 
ISRAEL  SOLOMONS. 

91,  Portsdown  Road,  W. 

DR.  HUGO  CHAMBERLEN'S  CENOTAPH. — 
On  the  cenotaph  erected  to  the  memory  of 
Dr.  Hugo  Chamberlen  in  Westminster  Abbey 
are  two  armorial  shields.  Can  any  one  tell 
me  what  families  are  represented  by  the 
different  quarterings  on  the  shields  ? 

T.  CHAMBERLIN  TIMS. 

6,  Pare  Bean  Terrace,  St.  Ives,  Cornwall. 

THOMAS     LAKE     HARRIS. — I    should    be 
much  obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could 
tell  me  whether  a  life  of  the  late  Thomas 
Lake  Harris,  once  the  friend  and  spiritual 
guide  of  Laurence  Oliphant,  has  been  pub- 
lished.    He  died  in  March,  1906,  so   there 
has   been   plenty   of   time   for   his   friends, 
admirers,  and  disciples  to  collect  materials. 
ALFRED  W.  NEWTON. 
Athenseum,  Liverpool. 

TEOBURNAN= TYBURN. — I  shall  be  much 
obliged  to  any  good  (goodi  n  both  its  mean- 
ings) scholar  in  Anglo-Saxon  who  will  give 
me  the  true,  or  most  approved,  significance 
of  this  word,  which  we  render  Tyburn, 
especially  that  of  its  first  part,  "  Teo." 
:t  occurs  (I  suppose  in  the  accusative)  in 
£emble's  '  Codex,'  iii.  72. 

W.  L.  RUTTON. 

[CoL.  PRIDEAUX  deals  with  this  question  in  a  note 
n  '  The  Tyburn,'  which  will  appear  next  week.] 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  im 


BRIEFS  IN  1742. — About  1742  briefs  were 
issued  for  Drayton,  Hubey,  Whittington, 
Middlechurch,  Culcheth  Chapel,  Wallop, 
Chilton,  Altcarr,  Hornby,  and  Lanhassa. 
Is  anything  known  about  the  reasons  for  the 
issue  of  these  briefs  ?  who  received  the  pro- 
duce of  them  ?  The  Bounty  Office  ? 

When  were  briefs  discontinued  ? 

F.  HARRISON. 

North  Wraxhall  Rectory,  Chippenham. 

[Many  articles  011  briefs  will  be  found  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
See,  for  instance,  8  S.  ix.  421 ;  x.  6,  7,  58,  80,  299, 
46L;  9S.  xi.  86,  289,  513. 1 

FIFE  FISHERMEN'S  SUPERSTITIONS. — The 
fishermen  of  Fife  are  said  to  refrain  from 
going  to  sea  if,  on  their  way  to  the  boats, 
a  clergyman  or  a  pig  crosses  their  path.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  explain  why  these 
should  bring  ill-luck  ?  The  old  saying  that 
"  pigs  see  the  wind  "  might  possibly  account 
for  the  pig.  M.  P.  M. 

[For  notices  of  fishermen's  folk-lore  see  1  S.  v.,xi.; 
4  S.  iii.  ;  6  S.  i.,  ii.,  x. ;  78.  v.,  xii.  MR.  H. 
ANDREWS  at  9  S.  viii.  248  gave  a  list  of  books  and 
articles  on  the  subject.  1 

GORDON  AND  SHORT  FAMILIES.  —  On 
11  March,  1873,  Charles  Henry  Short, 
lieutenant  in  the  104th  Bengal  Fusiliers, 
announced  in  The  Times  that,  in  accordance 
with  the  wish  of  his  late  cousin  Miss  Louisa 
Power  Short,  of  Exmouth  and  Charmouth, 
he  had  resolved  to  assume  the  name  of 
Gordon-Short.  Miss  Susannah  Gordon,  (died 
at  Bath  25  Feb.,  1802),  sister  of  Sir  William 
Gordon,  K.B.,  diplomat  (1726-98),  and  aunt 
of  Thomas  Gordon  of  Middleton  Court, 
Somerset,  and  of  Charmouth  (1760-1855), 
left  a  legacy  to  her  niece  Susan  Short. 

Can  any  reader  throw  further  light  on 
these  Gordons  and  Shorts — especially  the 
ambassador  ?  Thomas's  father,  Robert,  in 
1768,  while  living  in  Flanders  (Sir  William 
was  then  Minister  at  Brussels),  bequeathed 
his  real  property  within  the  diocese  of  Canter- 
bury and  in  Jamaica  to  his  brothers  John 
und  William,  and  his  daughters  Susannah 
and  Rebecca.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

GREEKS  AND  NATURE.  —  What  Greeks 
eulogized  Nature  like  Virgil,  Horace,  and 
Tibullus  ?  I.  x.  B. 

JAMES  FRASER  I.  OF  PHOPACHY.— I  shall 
be  much  obliged  for  a  pedigree  of  the  above, 
and  for  the  name  of  his  wife.  He  was  appa- 
rently nephew  of  John  Fraser,  Bishop  of 
Ross  1485  to  1507.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

St.  Margaret's,  Malvern. 


ERASMUS    WILLIAMS    OF    DORSET: 
RICHARD    HAYDOCK. 

(10  S.  x.  208,  258.) 

ERASMUS  WILLIAMS  was  Scholar  of  New 
College,  Oxford,  1570  ;  M.A.  19  April,  1578 
(Foster's  'Alumni  Oxonienses ' ) ;  Rector 
of  Tingewick,  Bucks,  1589-1608  (Lipscomb's 
'  Bucks,'  iii.  124).  The  "  Sir  John  Williams 
of  Dorsetshire "  to  whose  "  line "  he  is 
stated  to  belong  was.  doubtless  Sir  John 
Williams  of  Herringston,  Kt.  (1545-1617), 
Sheriff  of  Dorset  23  and  24  Elizabeth,  and 
M.P.  for  that  county  James  I.  (Hutchins's 
'  Dorset,'  ii.  524).  I  have  not  had  time  to 
look  up  the  "  Sir  William  a  Barowe  in  Hamp." 
with  whom  he  was  connected  by  his  mother. 
The  brass  has  no  connexion  with  Freemasonry . 
The  objects  depicted  on  it  symbolize  an 
elaborate  series  of  antitheses  between  the 
wisdom  of  this  world  and  the  spiritual  light 
of  the  hereafter.  Thus  the  pillar  on  the 
right  hand  of  the  kneeling  effigy  bears  a 
dove,  brooding  over  a  terrestrial  globe,  with 
the  blazing  sun  behind  it  ;  while  the  pillar 
on  the  left  is  surmounted  by  the  owl,  the 
emblem  of  Minerva,  with  a  setting  moon 
behind  it.  Various  texts  emphasize  the 
distinction  ;  e.g.,  "  Ye  are  now  light  in  the 
Lord,  but  you  were  darkness  "  ;  "in  plaine 
evidence  of  the  Spirit,  not  in  the  entising 
speach  of  man's  wisdom,"  &c.  The  objects 
that  MR.  BROADLEY  has  supposed  may  have 
reference  to  Freemasonry  are  suspended  from 
the  left-hand  pillar  under  the  emblem  of 
Minerva,  and  are,  on  one  side,  a  terrestrial 
globe  (symbolizing  geography),  musical  in- 
struments, painting  implements,  a  dial  and 
T-square  (symbolizing  astronomy  and  geo- 
metry), and  writing  implements.  These  are 
balanced  on  the  other  side  of  the  pillar  by 
volumes  bearing  the  names  of  Ptolemie, 
Livie,  Plinie,  Aristotle,  Virgil,  Cicero.  The 
whole  composition  simply  is  one  of  those 
quaint  conceits  of  which  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries  were  so  fond.  There 
seems  to  be  some  confusion  in  the  last  two 
verses  of  the  epitaph — 

Erasmus  More's  encomium  set  forth ; 

We  want  a  More  to  praise  Erasmus'  worth. 
It  looks  as  if  the  writer  of  the  epitaph  sup- 
posed that   the   "  Encomion  Moria3  "  was  a 
eulogy  of  Sir  Thomas  More. 

Richard  Haydock,  the  "  Schollar  and  the 
frende  "  of  Williams,  who  "  contrived  "  his 
epitaph,  was  also  a  New  College  man ;  he 
is  described  as  of  Hants,  plebeian,  matricu- 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  im]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


331 


lated  1588,  Fellow  1590,  M.A.  1595,  B.Mde. 
1601  (Foster,  '  Alum.  Oxon.').  Wood  ('Ath. 
Oxon.,'  i.  678)  tells  us  that  he  practised  as 
a  physician  at  Salisbury.  He  published 
"  A  Tracte  containing  the  Artes  of  curious 
Paintinge,  Carvinge,  &  Buildinge,  written 
first  in  Italian  by  Jo:  Paul  Lomatius  [Lo- 
mazzo],  painter  of  Milan,  and  Englished  by 
R.  H.,  Student  in  Physick  "  (Oxford,  fol., 
1598).  This  work  has  a  curious  emblematic 
title-page,  which  we  gather  from  the  intro- 
duction was  engraved,  together  with  the 
illustrations  in  the  text,  by  Haydock  himself. 
He  alludes  to  the  "  7  yeares  diligent  and  pain- 
full  practise  "  that  he  has  spent  in  "  draw- 
ing of  lines  and  lineaments,  portraictures 
and  proportions  "  ;  and  apologizes  for  the 
"  Types  and  Pictures  "  that  he  has  added  to 
the  translation  as  the  work  of  the  "  un- 
experienced hand  of  a  student."  We  may 
safely  assume  from  the  resemblance  in  tech- 
nique between  this  title-page  and  the  Tinge- 
wick  brass  that  both  are  engraved,  as  well 
as  designed,  by  Haydock. 

In  the  parish  church  of  Bletchley,  Bucks, 
is  a  brass  to  Thomas  Sparke,  D.D.,  rector, 
who  died  in  1616,  covered  with  "  conceits  " 
exactly  like  those  on  Williams' s  brass,  which 
is  obviously  the  work  of  the  same  engraver. 
The  brass  of  Thomas  Hopper,  Fellow  of 
New  College  and  physician,  ob.  1623,  in  New 
College  Chapel,  was  designed  (and  doubtless 
engraved)  by  "  R.  H.  ejusdem  facultatis  et 
Collegii  Socius."  Another  brass  formerly 
in  the  cloisters  of  New  College — to  John 
Halswell,  Fellow  of  the  College,  ob.  1618, 
put  up  by  "  R.  H.  consanguineus  " — may 
also  have  been  Hay  dock's  work.  The  very 
similar  brass  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 
to  Provost  Henry  Airay,  ob.  1616,  bears  in 
one  corner  the  initials  "  R.  H.,"  and  may 
also  on  technical  grounds  be  attributed  to 
the  same  engraver.  At  Queen's  College 
is  another  brass,  precisely  similar  in  execu- 
tion, to  Henry  Robinson,  Bishop  of  Carlisle, 
ob.  1616,  which  bears  the  initials  "A.  H."  ; 
and  I  suggest  that  this  may  be  the  work 
of  Anthony  Haydock,  brother  of  Richard, 
B.A.  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  1587 ;  M.A. 
1590  (Foster,  '  Alum.  Oxon.').  Mr.  Haines's 
theory  ('Man.  of  Monumental  Brasses,' 
p.  xxx)  that  the  initials  R.  H.  are  those  of 
the  engraver  Remigius  Hogenbergh  is  dis- 
posed of  by  the  fact  that  Hogenbergh  died 
c.  1580  ('  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'). 

Though  Foster  describes  Haydock  as 
"  plebeian,"  yet  the  title-page  of  Haydock's 
translation  of  Lomazzo  bears  a  portrait  of 
Haydock  surmounted  by  his  arms,  Argent, 
a  cross  sable,  in  dexter  quarter  a  fleur-de-lis 


of  the  second.  These  arms  were  borne  by  the 
Lancashire  Haydocks,  a  good  county  family, 
and  are  assigned  to  Haydock  of  Greywell, 
Hants,  in  the  Visitation  of  1612  (Burke, 
*  Gen.  Arm.').  As  Richard  and  Anthony 
Haydock  are  described  as  sons  of  James 
of  Greywell  (Foster)  it  seems  that  they 
cannot  have  been  "  plebeians." 

The  Tingewick  brass  is  lithographed  in 
Lipscomb's  '  Bucks,'  iii.  124,  and  has  been 
reproduced  in  the  Portfolio  of  the  Oxford 
University  Brass-Rubbing  Society,  pt.  iii., 
Dec.,  1890  ;  and  those  at  Queen's  College 
in  the  same  Portfolio,  pt.  i.,  Feb.,  1898.  I 
may  perhaps  refer  to  my  own  paper  on  these 
brasses  in  the  Journal  of  the  above  Society, 
vol.  i.  pp.  72-7,  121  ;  for  the  New  College 
brasses,  ibid.,  i.  63,  65. 

PERCY  MANNING. 
6,  St.  Aldates,  Oxford. 


THE  NATIONAL  FLAG  (10  S.  ix.  502  ;  x.  72, 
130,  193). — In  looking  through  the  corre- 
spondence in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  extending  over 
several  years,  and  only  recently  satisfactorily 
terminated,  thanks  mainly  to  the  action  of 
MB.  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS,  I  notice  that  the  pro- 
ceedings in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  14th 
of  July  last,  and  reported  in  The  Times 
of  the  following  day,  have  not  found  a  place 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  As  the  report  will  not  take 
up  much  space,  and  will  complete  the  record, 
it  is  sent  in  the  hope  that  it  may  now  be 
included. 

"The  Flying  of  the  Union  Jack. -Earl  Howe 
asked  his  Majesty's  Government,  '  with  a  view  to 
removing  any  possible  doubt  that  may  exist  on  the 
subject,  whether  it  is  a  fact  that  the  full  Union 
Jack  may  be  flown  on  land  by  every  citizen  in  the 
Empire  as  well  as  on  Government  offices  and  public 
buildings.' 

"  The  Earl  of  Crewe  said  many  of  them  knew  that 
there  had  existed  in  the  public  mind  a  curious 
notion  as  to  what  flag  might  be  and  what  flag  might 
not  be  flown.  At  one  time  it  seemed  to  be  believed 
that  the  Royal  Standard  could  be  flown  anywhere 
and  by  anybody.  That,  however,  was  riot  the  case. 
The  Royal  Standard  was  the  personal  flag  of  the 
Sovereign,  and  could  riot  properly  be  flown  without 
his  Majesty's  permission,  which  was  only  granted 
when  either  the  King  or  Queen  was  present.  That 
state  of  things  did  not  apply  to  the  Union  Jack. 
The  Union  Jack  should  be  regarded  as  the  national 
flag,  and  it,  undoubtedly,  might  be  flown  on  land 
by  all  his  Majesty's  subjects. 

"  The  Earl  of  Meath  said  he  was  much  obliged 
to  his  Majesty's  Government  for  clearing  up  this 
matter,  on  which  there  had  been  a  little  doubt. 
Some  instances  were  known  in  this  country  where 
the  Union  Jack  had  been  pulled  down  by  the 
police." 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  proceedings  in  the 
Upper  House  and  the  remarks  of  Lords  Crewe 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         10  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 


and  Meath  all  bear  out  the  view,  held  by  me 
throughout  the  correspondence,  that  official 
action  was  necessary.  The  Foreign  Office 
dispatch  quoted  at  10  S.  ix.  515  would  seem 
to  have  been  the  result  of  the  controversy 
between  the  archdeacon  and  consul  at  some 
South  American  port  referred  to  by  me  in 
the  former  correspondence.  The  marvel 
now  seems  to  be  that  so  simple  a  question 
should  have  been  allowed  to  drag  on  so  long 
without  any  authoritative  decision,  save 
that  of  the  Foreign  Office  above  alluded  to, 
which  does  not  appear  to  have  been  made 
generally  known. 

J.  H.  RIVETT-CARNAC. 
Schloss  Rothberg,  Switzerland. 

I  have  only  just  read  the  REV.  J.  R. 
CRAWFORD'S  interesting  article,  ante,  p.  131  ; 
but  I  cannot  agree  \vith  his  contention 
that  a  cross  is  one-third,  and  a  saltire 
one-fifth,  of  the  shield's  or  flag's  width. 
Both  these  ordinaries  are  about  one-third 
when  charged,  and  one-fifth  when  un- 
charged ;  and  Eve  states  in  his  '  Decorative 
Heraldry '  that  "  the  saltire  differs  from 
the  cross  only  in  being  drawn  diagonally, 
and  all  else  that  applies  to  that  ordinary 
also  belongs  to  this."  It  is  evident, 
therefore,  that  the  cross  of  St.  George 
ought  to  be  the  same  breadth  as  the  saltire 
of  St.  Andrew  before  the  latter  suffered 
dimidiation. 

MR.  CRAWFORD  suggests  also  that  the  red 
saltire  should  be  the  same  width  as  the  white 
saltire,  and  that  the  former  should  be  fim- 
briated  at  the  expense  of  the  blue  field. 
Here  again  I  must  join  issue  with  him.  In 
surrendering  the  half  of  her  saltire  Scotland 
has  done  all  that  can  reasonably  be  expected 
of  her,  and  both  symmetry  and  national 
honour  demand  that  the  red  saltire  shall  be 
fimbriated  within  its  own  width. 

To  my  mind,  all  that  is  required  to  make 
the  Admiralty  pattern  correct  is  to  reduce 
the  fimbriation  of  the  cross  to  the  same 
dimensions  as  the  fimbriation  of  the  red 
saltire. 

But  this  controversy  about  the  National 
Flag  emphasizes  the  fact  that  the  United 
Kingdom  has  no  United  Court  of  Kings  of 
Arms,  and  Britain  is  without  an  Imperial 
heraldic  authority.  There  is,  of  course,  the 
English  Heralds'  College  ;  but  that  is  a  purely 
local  body,  in  some  particulars  more  limited 
in  its  authority  than  is  the  Lyon  Office  in 
Scotland.  There  is  much  need  for  a  United 
Court  of  the  English,  Scottish,  and  Irish 
Heralds  to  settle  all  matters  of  Imperial 
heraldry.  JOHN  A.  STEWART. 


SUSSEX  ARMS  (10  S.  x.  230). — Messrs. 
Fox-Davies  and  Crookes  in  their  *  Public 
Arms  '  (1894)  write  at  p.  51  as  follows  :— 

"  Sussex  as  such  has  no  armorial  bearings.  Prior 
to  the  passing  of  the  Local  Government  Bill  in 
1889  many  versions  and  perversions  of  the  arms  and 
of  the  seal  of  Chichester  were  quoted  and  did  duty 
for  the  county  insignia ;  but  the  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  the  county  made  use  of  a  coat  showing 
six  martlets,  three,  two,  and  one.  Upon  the  forma- 
tion of  the  County  Councils,  the  County  Council 
of  West  Sussex  obtained,  through  the  munificence 
of  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  K.G.  (who  is  a- 

member  of  the  Council),  a  grant  of  arms [viz., 

Azure,  six  martlets,  three,  two,  and  one,  and  a  chief 
or,  granted  18  May,  1889] ;  but  the  County  Council 
of  East  Sussex  invented  a  coat  which  does  duty 
upon  the  seal  and  notepaper,  and  is  as  follows : — 
Quarterly,  1,  six  martlets,  three,  two,  and  one  ;  2, 
chequy  or  and  azure  :  3,  an  eagle  displayed  ;  4,  three 
demi-lions  passant  guardant,  conjoined  to  the  hulls, 
of  as  many  ships." 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

Would  not  the  Sussex  arms  be  identical 
with  those  which  appertained  to  the  Duke- 
dom of  Sussex  ? — a  title  borne  by  Prince 
Augustus  Frederick,  sixth  son  of  George  III., 
upon  whom  it  was  conferred  in  1801.  It  is 
this  benevolent  prince  who  probably  received 
signboard  honours  in  the  "  Sussex  Arms,'* 
two  instances  of  which  occur  still  in  '  The 
London  Directory,'  or  did  a  few  years  ago. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.    108,    173). — The   anonymous   distich   on 
Alexander  the  Great  is  as  follows  : — 
Sufficit  huic  tumulus,  cui  nori  suffecerat  orbis : 

Res  brevis  huic  ampla  est,  cui  fuit  ampla  brevis. 

It  may  be  read  in  Burmann's  anthology, 
ii.  15,  and  is  No.  702  in  Meyer's  '  Anthologia 
Veterum  Latinorum  Epigrammatum  et 
Poematum.'  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Haus  Schellenberg,  Marburg. 

"  FORISFACTURA  "  (10  S.  x.  208).— Need 
there  be  any  difficulty  ?  In  the  passage 
quoted  there  are  four  et's  all  close  together, 
so  that  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  one  in 
question  was  added  inadvertently  by  the 
scribe.  But  could  it  not  be  translated  as  it 
stands,  making  the  et  emphatic,  and  not 
copulative,  "  And  the  horse  shall  also  be 
a  forfeiture  "  ?  Bladus  undoubtedly  means 
the  corn  in  the  sack,  though  apparently 
both  senses  were  common.  In  the  Glos- 
sarium  appended  to  his  edition  of  Matthew 
Paris,  1644,  Watts  says  :  "  Vox  saepissime 
occurrit  pro  farre  omnis  generis :  scilicet 
quando  est  in  herba  ante  messem,  et  post- 
quam  granum  in  area  trituratur."  He  quotes 
illustrative  passages  from  the  '  History '  : 
"  blados  et  uineas  uastare  non  cessauit." 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


"  Bladum  uenale  de  partibus  transmarinis 
adducitur."  "  Summa  bladi  ad  sexdecim 
solidos  uendebatur. "  "  Panis  de  toto  blado. 
The  last  Watts  defines  "  esse  panem  factum 
ex  ipsa  farina,  uti  de  molendino  uenit  et 
nondum  cribrata."  C.  E.  LOMAX. 

Louth. 

MRS.  CONWAI  HACKETT  (10  S.  x.  269). — 
Noble  in  his  '  Biographical  History  of  Eng- 
land,' vol.  i.  p.  342,  gives  the  following 
particulars  of  this  person  : — 

"  Was  probably  a  descendant  of  Dr.  John  Hacket, 
Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  who  had  many 
children  by  his  two  wives,  and  lived  to  see  32  to 
whom  he  was  father  and  grandfather.  This  pre- 
late was  the  son  of  Andrew  Hacket,  Master  of  the 
Robes  to  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  senior 
burgess  of  Westminster,  being  of  good  descent, 
allied  himself  to  the  gentry  in  Warwickshire,  with 
whom  he  appears  to  have  been  a  favourite  :  he 
might  therefore  very  well  have  had  Edward  Con- 


opulent,  and  continue  to  reside  in  Warwickshire." 
Chaloner  Smith  in  his  description  of  the 
'  Mezzotint  Portraits  '  states  : — 

"If  Mrs.  Conwai  Hacket t  was  called  after  Ed- 
ward, Lord  Con  way,  she  was  probably  daughter  of 
Sir  Andrew  Hackett,  the  bishop's  eldest  son,  who 
was  appointed  a  Master  in  Chancery  in  1670,  and 
as  Lord  Con  way  married  the  sister  of  Finch  the 
Lord  Chancellor.  He  might  have  had  such  acquaint- 
ance with  him,  besides  their  being  from  the  same 
county,  as  that  he  would  have  been  godfather  to 
this  child." 

Chaloner  Smith  describes  three  states  of  the 
print,  and  assigns  the  date  1690  to  its  pub- 
lication. ABTHUB  W.  WATERS. 
Leamington  Spa. 

SALARINO,  SALANIO,  AND  SALERIO  (10  S. 
ix.  22,  113,  236,  315,  515;  x.  132,  176).— At 
the  outset  let  me  disavow  any  intention  of 
being  discourteous  to  ST.  SWITHIN,  whose 
challenge  to  make  myself  clear  I  readily 
take  up.  For  that  I  am  indebted  to  MR. 
N.  W.  HILL,  whose  discovery  of  "  Shillock  " 
as  a  common  generic  name  of  the  sixteenth 
century  seems  to  me  to  be  the  missing  link 
in  the  etymological  chain.  I  cannot, 
however,  accept  "  Shiloh "  as  a  root.  To 
Jews,  Shilo  is  a  place-name  only.  Christian 
divines  of  the  sixteenth  century  saw  in  it 
a  mystic  reference  to  Jesus.  Shakespeare 
was  too  tactful  and  clearheaded  to  debase 
that  "  holy  name  "  to  such  a  disreputable 
use  as  Shylock  was  put. 

In  answer  to  ST.  SWITHIN,  I  admit  that 
there  now  seems  some  real  ground  for 
"  Salerio  "  being  a  Jewish  cognomen.  I 
have  since  found  out  that  Jews  did  favour 
the  basket-making  trade  ;  so  that  sal  gives 


us  Salor,  Salar,  Saler,  and  Sala,  in  the  same 
way  as  sandal  gave  us  "  Sandallar  "  or  "  the 
shoemaker  rabbi  "  of  the  Mishnaic  era. 

I  gave  "  Sheleach  "  as  my  contribution  to 
the  solution  of  this  question.  During  the 
Middle  Ages  Jewish  doctors  were  in  constant 
request.  '  The  Merchant  of  Venice '  is 
founded  in  part,  it  is  alleged,  upon  a  con- 
spiracy promoted  by  a  Jewish  doctor.  Many 
of  these  doctors  rendered  important  services 
to  the  Jewries  of  Europe  by  their  unsuspected 
activities.  Many  of  them  were  diplomats 
and  mercantile  agents.  They  were  special 
correspondents  or  intelligence  carriers  be- 
tween the  learned  bodies,  say,  of  Montpellier 
and  the  literati  of  Norwich.  Hence  Dr.  A. 
would  naturally  be  their  "  Sheleach "  or 
representative.  Such  men  would  be  wel- 
come at  the  tables  of  the  few  rich  Hebrew 
financiers  residing  in  England,  and  their 
Christian  servants  would  often  hear  them 
referred  to  as  "  Sheleach,"  without  knowing 
the  real  significance  of  the  word.  Among 
Shakespeare's  intimate  acquaintances  and 
fellow-actors  there  doubtless  were  one  or 
two  who  had  waited  upon  those  Hebrew 
emissaries,  heard  their  masters  talk  of  them 
in  that  way,  and  imagined  that  it  was  a 
proper  name,  like  Moses  or  Isaac.  So  when 
Shakespeare  was  looking  out  for  a  Hebrew 
appellative  for  the  "  Merchant,"  and  for  one- 
adaptable  to  stage  needs  without  ruffling  the 
religious  instincts  of  his  audience  (who  would 
have  resisted  the  application  of  Scripture 
names  to  "  that  foul  thing  "  Shylock) — in 
the  same  way  as  Marlowe  hit  on  Barabbas, 
a  name  with  a  markedly  Hebraic  ring,  and 
yet  not  a  Hebrew  surname — possibly  he 
consulted  those  friends  or  colleagues,  with  the 
result  that  they  remembered  the  un-Biblical 
name  of  "  Sheleach,"  or,  as  they  corruptly 
pronounced  it,  "  Shillock,"  because  the 
Hebrew  ch  was  a  stumbling-block  to  'correct 
speaking.  Hence  from  "  Shillock  "  to  "  Shy- 
lock  "  the  transition  seems  to  me  natural 
and  easy.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

KNIPHOFIA  (10  S.  x.  288). — "Florists" 
doubtless  "  call  "  the  "  red-hot-pokers  "  of 
our  bouquets  and  "  our  gardens "  by  the 
name  "  Tritoma,"  as  MR.  LYNN  says  so. 
But  botanists  prefer  the  more  distinctive 
and  less  confusing  title.  MR.  LYNN  has 
"  not  heard  the  name  Kniphofia  in  England." 
Perhaps  he  has  not  talked  with  a  botanist 
about  the  flower.  If  he  doubts,  let  him  carry 
the  case  in  Appeal  to  the  editor  of  The  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle — opinion  unknown. 

K.  F.  D. 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  im 


CAPT.  BARTON  OF  H.M.S.  LICHFIELD  (10  S. 
x.  249).— The  '  D.N.B.,'  iii.  346,  gives  an 
account  of  Admiral  Matthew  Barton,  but 
does  not  state  where  he  was  born,  who  his 
parents  were,  nor  whom  he  married,  nor 
that  he  died  at  Hampstead  30  Dec.,  1795,  in 
his  eightieth  year. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

NONCONFORMIST  BURIAL-GROUNDS  AND 
GRAVESTONES  (10  S.  ix.  188,  233,  297,  336, 
434  ;  x.  31,  150,  237).— Under  this  heading 
the  following  quotation  may  be  of  interest, 
taken  from  an  article  by  Arthur  Grant  in  the 
October  issue  of  The  Atlantic  Monthly, 
entitled  '  In  England's  Pennsylvania.'  The 
region  thus  designated  is  "  the  little  table- 
land of  beechen  woods  in  South  Buckingham- 
shire, extending,  say,  from  Penn  Village  to 
Jordans  and  the  Chalfonts,  and  from  Amer- 
sham  to  Stoke  Pogis." 

Of  the  little  meeting-house  and  its  con- 
nected burying-ground  where  William  Penn 
rests,  the  author  says  : — 

"  It  is  not  so  long  since  there  was  not  a  single 
headstone  in  this  primitive  burying.ground.  From 
1671  the  Quakers  slept  in  nameless  graves.  Penn's 
biographer,  Dixon,  says  that  when  he  visited 
Jordans  in  1851  with  Granville  Penn,  the  great- 
grandson  of  the  state-founder,  they  had  some  diffi- 
culty in  identifying  the  particular  spot  'where 
heaves  the  turf  over  his  sacred  remains.  Mr. 
Dixon  adds  that  Granville  Penn  'is  disposed  to 
mark  the  spot  by  some  simple  but  durable  record— 
a  plain  stone  or  block  of  granite  ;  and  if  this  be  not 
done,  the  neglect  will  only  hasten  the  day  on  which 
his  ancestor's  remains  will  be  carried  off  to  America 
—their  proper  and  inevitable  home  ! '  Twelve  years 
later,  at  the  heads  of  such  graves  as  had  been 
identified  were  placed  the  simple  memorial  stones, 
with  name  and  date  of  burial  only,  that  we  see 

to-day.    Penn  still  rests  at  Jordans I  lingered 

long  in  the  old  meeting-room,  poring  over  the  old- 
world  names  recorded  on  its  walls.  These  names 
included  a  list  of  some  385  burials  between  1671  and 
1845. 

Just  now  my  copies  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  with  the 
earlier  communications  on  this  subject  are 
out  of  reach,  but  I  think  Jordans  burying- 
ground  has  not  been  mentioned. 

M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 

Among  the  Quakers,  the  earliest  reference 
to  a  memorial  stone  I  have  traced  is  that  of 
George  Fox,  who  died  at  Henry  Goldney's 
in  White  Hart  Court,  near  Gracechurch 
Street,  on  13th  of  the  llth  month,  1690,  in 
the  67th  year  of  his  age.  He  was  buried 
in  the  Friends'  burying-ground  near  Bunhill 
Fields. 

Between  1690  and  1757  a  change  had 
taken  place  in  the  practice  of  Friends  relative 
to  headstones  in  their  burial-grounds.  In 


'  The  Fells  of  Swarthmoor  Hall,'  pp.  369-70, 
there  is  a  reference  to  the  removal  of  a  wall 
on  part  of  their  burial-ground,  Bunhill 
Fields,  c.  1757,  when 

"  it  was  found  expedient  to  remove  the  coffin 
containing  the  remains  of  their  worthy  predecessor, 
George  Fox.  Whilst  in  the  act  of  digging,  after 
removing  the  headstone,  a  breastplate  was  found, 
on  which  were  engraven  the  initials  of  the  name, 
the  age,  and  the  birthplace  of  the  interred." 

The  Society  of  Friends 

"  would  not  allow  the  headstone  to  be  put  up  again, 
on  which  there  was  a  similar  inscription  to  that  on 
the  breastplate,  but  suffered  a  small  stone  about 
6  in.  square  to  be  built  in  the  wall  opposite  the 
head  of  the  grave,  with  the  initials  G.  F.  cut  in  it." 

In  the  Friends'  burying-place  at  Sunbrick, 
near  Ulverston,  upwards  of  227  interments 
have  been  made,  but  the  graves  cannot  be 
distinguished.  A  modern  inscription  cut 
on  the  face  of  the  limestone  rock  within  the 
enclosure  is  as  follows  : — 

"  Sunbrick  Friends'  Burial-Place.  Between  the 
years  1648  and  1767  the  Remains  of  223  Friends  were 
interred  here,  among  whom  was  Margaret  Fox, 
widow  of  George  Fox,  who  died  at  Swarthmore 
Hall,  the  27th  of  2nd  month,  1702,  aged  89  years. 
The  Registers  are  in  the  Register  Office  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  Houndsditch,  London." 

At  the  Swarthmore  Friends'  burial-place, 
near  Ulverston,  there  are  109  grass-grown 
mounds,  to  22  of  which  headstones  have  been 
placed.  These  stones  are  about  2  ft.  6  in. 
high,  with  semicircular  tops.  Most  of  the 
stones  bear  an  inscription,  with  the  name, 
place,  age,  and  date  of  death.  This  return 
to  an  old  custom  was  first  carried  out  at 
Swarthmore  in  the  case  of  "  Sarah  Goad  \  of 
Baycliff  |  aged  81  years  Died  20th  llth 
month  1835."  Only  on  one  stone,  dated 
1904,  is  there  a  quotation  :  "  So  he  giveth 
his  beloved  sleep." 

HARPER  GAYTHORPE,  F.S. A.Scot. 
Barrow-in-Furness. 

In  the  Misc.  Gen.  et  Her.,  iv.  i.  pp.  266-7, 
is  a  copy  of  the  ledger  stones  in  the  '  'Friends' 
Burial-Ground,  1658,"  at  the  Dell,  Pains- 
wick,  Glos. 

In  the  parish  of  Wandsworth  are  a  few 
epitaphs  (a)  in  the  Friends'  Burial-Ground  ; 
(6)  near  the  Memorial  Hall,  site  of  the  old 
French  Chapel,  1573  ;  and  (c)  in  the  former 
Baptist  Chapel,  1820.  LIBRARIAN. 

Wandsworth. 

DOWRY  SQUARE,  CLIFTON  (10  S.  x.  188). — 
Probably  this  commemorates  the  endow- 
ment by  which  the  living  of  Clifton,  at  some 
time  or  other,  was  enriched,  for  the  "  curacy" 
is  described  in  Sharp's  '  Gazetteer,'  1852, 
as  being  of  the  "  value,  with  Dowry,  782?." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


SNAKES  DRINKING  MILK  (10  S.  x.  265,  316 
— Some  years  ago,  when  thinking  of  residin 
in  Bolivia,  I  made  inquiries  as  to  the  cond; 
tions  of  life  prevailing  there.  Mr.  Rober 
Mackenzie,  who  had  lived  in  the  neighbour 
hood  of  Lake  Titicaca  for  many  years,  men 
tioned  to  me,  among  many  things,  that  th 
snakes  there  often  wandered  into  the  open 
to-the-air  sleeping-rooms,  seeking  milk — 
also  that,  though  the  snakes  took  but  littl 
notice  of  the  reposing  inmates,  the  peopl 
thought  it  wise  to  leave  milk  somewher 
about,  so  that  the  whole  attention  of  thei 
visitors  should  be  attracted  from  them  ! 

RONALD  DIXON. 
46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

Mr.  Moncure  D.  Conway  in  his  '  Autobio 
graphy '  speaks  of  a  black  snake  common 
in  Virginia,  which  is  locally  known  as  th 
"  Cowsucker."  This  confirms  the  belief  o 
the  peasants  of  Provence  that  snakes  suck 
cows.  C.  C.  B. 

A  Portuguese  version  of  the  story  of  a 
snake  sucking  a  nursing-mother  is  to  be 
found  in  '  Sunshine  and  Sentiment,'  by 
Gilbert  Watson,  1904,  p.  174.  M.  P. 

WlLBERFORCE  AND  HUXLEY  (10  S.  X.  209) 

— An  account  of  the  discussion  concerning 
Darwin's  theories  which  took  place  at  the 
meeting  of  the  British  Association  at  Oxford 
on  30  June,  1860,  and  in  which  Bishop 
Wilberforce  and  Huxley  took  part,  will  be 
found  in  the  '  Life  and  Letters  of  Charles 
Darwin  '  (by  Francis  Darwin),  1887,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  320-23. 

In  '  More  Letters  of  Charles  Darwin,' 
1903,  vol.  i.  pp.  156-7,  reference  is  also 
made  to  "  a  fuller  account  [than  that  in  the 
'  Life  and  Letters  ']  in  the  one- volume  '  Life 
of  Charles  Darwin,'  1892,  p.  236  "  ;  to  '  Life 
and  Letters  of  T.  H.  Huxley,'  vol.  i.  p.  279  ; 
and  to  "  the  amusing  account  of  the  meeting 
in  Mr.  Tuckwell's  '  Reminiscences  of  Oxford,' 
London,  1900,  p.  50." 

CAROLINE  COURTNEY. 

BELLS  RUNG  BACKWARDS  (10  S.  ix.  229* 
418,  473).— In  Thomas  Fuller's  'Profane 
State,'  which  follows  his  '  Holy  State,'  1642, 
is  the  following  : — 

"Thus  the  Barretour  posts  to  the  houses  of  his 
neighbours,  lest  the  sparks  of  their  small  discords 
should  go  out  before  he  brings  them  fuell,  and  so 
he  be  broken  by  their  making  up.  Surely  he  loves 
not  to  have  the  bells  rung  in  a  peal,  but  he  likes  it 
rather  when  they  are  jangled  backward,  himself 
having  kindled  the  fire  of  dissension  amongst  his 
neighbours."  —  Book  V.  Chap.  13,  'The  Common 
Barreter,'  p.  409. 


In    'The   Bells,'    by  Edgar   Allan   Poe,   the 

"loud     alarum     bells can    only     shriek, 

shriek  out  of  tune ....  How  they  clang  and 
crash  and  roar  !  " 

The  late  Dr.  Cobhani  Brewer,  in  his  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Phrase  and  Fable,'  cited  in  an 
editorial  note  at  the  first  reference,  says  that 
"ringing  the  bells  backwards  is  ringing  a 
muffled  peal  "  ;  but  he  gives  no  authority 
for  his  statement.  One  can  scarcely  suppose 
that  when  the  bells  were  rung  backwards  in 
alarm  of  fire  or  rebellion  they  were  muffled. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

MISTRESS  RACHEL  How  (10  S.  x.  249).— 
Chaloner  Smith  in  his  '  Mezzotinto  Portraits,' 
p.  1181,  says  : — 

"Noble  (in  his  'Biographical  History  of  Eng- 
land ')  supposes  this  girl  to  be  of  the  family  from 
which  Viscount  Howe  and  Earl  Howe  descended ; 
if  so,  she  was  probably  a  daughter  either  of  John 
Grubham  Howe,  created  Baron  Chedworth,  or  of 
his  younger  brother  Emanuel  Scrope  Howe,  who 
married  Ruperta,  daughter  of  Prince  Rupert  by 
Margaret  Hughes.  She  must  have  died  young,  as 
her  name  is  not  amongst  the  surviving  issue  of 
either  of  those  brothers." 
See  also  Noble,  as  above,  vol.  i.  p.  354. 

Chaloner  Smith  assigned  the  date  1702 
to  the  print,  which  he  knew  in  three  states  : 
without  inscription,  with  lettering,  and  Boy- 
dell's  reprint.  The  engraver  was  John 
Smith.  ARTHUR  W.  WATERS. 

Leamington  Spa. 

BAYDON,  CUMBERLAND  (10  S.  x.  249). — 
Is  this  name  a  mistake  for  Barton,  West- 
morland, on  the  borders  of  Cumberland, 
and  three  miles  S.W.  from  Penrith  ?  I 
cannot  speak  of  Barton,  but  in  the  early 
portion  of  the  Penrith  registers  (1586-1601), 
transcribed  by  my  friend  the  late  Mr.  George 
Watson  of  Penrith,  I  note  that  the  name 

harpe  frequently  occurs,  commencing  with 
1580.     If  MR.  SHARPE  would  like  the  entries 
Deferred  to,  I  shall  be  happy  to  send  them. 
CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

48,  Nelson  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N. 

ARABIC  VOWELS  :  THEIR  TRANSLITERATION 
10  S.  x.  285). — The  quotation  from  Wright's 
Arabic  Grammar  '  which  is  given  by  MR. 
ALEX.  RUSSELL  at  the  end  of  his  note  is, 
f  course,  correct  if  it  is  held  to  apply  only 
o  the  classical  pronunciation  of  Arabic  ; 
>ut  as  regards  the  modern  language  it  cannot 
>e  accepted  without  a  heavy  discount.  The 
>urest  Arabic  is  still  spoken  in  the  province 
f  Yemen,  and  during  my  long  service  as 
magistrate  and  civil  judge  at  Aden  my 
ar  got  so  accustomed  to  the  intonation  of 
tie  tribesmen  that  on  visiting  Egypt  the 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 


harsh  discords  of  the  Cairene  dialect  became 
a  source  of  constant  irritation  to  me.  My 
further  experiences  at  Zanzibar  and  in  the 
Persian  Gulf  taught  me  that  it  was  futile 
to  lay  down  any  fixed  rules  with  regard  to 
the  pronunciation  of  colloquial  Arabic.  This 
makes  the  transliteration  of  modern  Arabic 
a  difficult  matter.  Ought  we  to  write  Mu- 
hammad or  Mohammed  in  Turkey,  where 
the  name  is  pronounced  Mehmed,  or  Sulaiman 
in  Morocco,  where  the  name  is  pronounced 
S'llman  ?  In  ordinary  books  of  travel  the 
best  course  is,  I  think,  to  write  the  name 
according  to  the  local  pronunciation  ;  but 
in  historical  works  the  classical  mode  of 
transliteration  would  probably  be  preferable. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

ARABIC-ENGLISH  (10  S.  x.  284). — I  cordially 
agree  with  the  remarks  of  COL.  PRIDEAUX. 
By  way  of  addition  to  his  interesting  note  I 
should  like  to  point  out  that  the  name 
Moulai  Hafid  is  from  the  same  root  as  that 
of  the  poet  Hafiz.  The  two  names  are,  how- 
ever, vocalized  differently,  and  should  not 
be  pronounced  alike.  The  poet's  name  is 
a  trochee,  Hafiz,  stressed  upon  the  first 
syllable.  The  Sultan's  name  is  an  iambus 
Hafid,  stressed  upon  the  second  syllable. 
Finally,  while  Hafiz  is,  so  far  as  I  know, 
invariably  a  male  name,  the  Sultan's  name 
can  be  used  as  feminine.  I  know  of  a  charm- 
ing young  Indian  lady  who  bears  it,  the  wife 
of  a  Musulman  friend.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

The  following  example  may  be  added. 
In  a  case  now  proceeding  in  a  London  court 
a  number  of  Asiatics  are  witnesses,  one  of 
whom  a  daily  paper  names  "  Sam  Sudeen  " 
(for  Shamsu-d-din— "  sun  of  religion  "). 

DONALD  FERGUSON. 

MICHAELMAS  DAY  :  ITS  DATE  (10  S.  x.  150, 
194). — At  the  first  reference  MR.  LYNN  is  in 
error  in  saying  that  the  8th  of  May  is  no 
longer  "  observed  in  the  Western  Church,' 
unless  by  "the  Western  Church"  he  means 
the  Anglican.  The  feast  of  the  Apparitior 
of  St.  Michael  is  kept  on  that  day  as  a  greatei 
double  by  all  Catholics  using  the  Latin  Rite 
though  on  9  March,  1742,  the  Congregatior 
appointed  by  Benedict  XIV.  for  the  reforn 
of  the  Breviary  unanimously  agreed  t( 
suppress  it,  "  as  one  in  which  only  th< 
diocese  of  Siponto  had  any  concern ' 
(Batiffol's  '  History  of  the  Roman  Breviary, 
p.  310). 

At  the  second  reference  the  REV.  LAWRENCE 
PHILLIPS  is,  I  think,  in  error  in  saying  tha 
St.  Michael's  Church  on  the  Via  Salaria  wa 
six  miles  from  Rome.     It  was,  I  think,  at  th 


eventh  milestone.  Michaelmas  Day  is  a 
ouble  of  the  second  class.  The  feast  of  the 
uardian  Angels  (instituted  by  Pope  Paul  V.r 
nd  kept  on  2  October)  is  a  greater  double. 

In  some  dioceses  the  last  festival  is  kept 
n  the  first  Sunday  in  September,  as  a  double- 
f  the  second  class  with  an  octave.  At 
ortina  d'Ampezzo  in  Tirol  this  year  I  was 
urprised  to  find  it  kept  on  the  last  Sunday 
i  August,  i.e.,  the  30th. 

What  is  the  connexion  between  Michaelmas- 
)ay  and  the  feast  observed  on  8  May  ? 
"here  must  be  some,  for.  under  29  September 
he  Roman  Martyrology  says  : — 

In  monte  Gargano  venerabilis  memoria  beati 
lichaelis  Archangel!,  quando  ipsius  nomine  ibi 
onsecratafuit  Ecclesia,  vili  quidem  facta  schemate,. 
ed  caelesti  prsedita  virtute." 

The  feast  of  St.  Gabriel  the  Archangel  is 
ept  in  some  dioceses  (including  the  Catholic- 
ioceses  of  England)  as  a  greater  double  on 
8  March  ;  and  the  feast  of  St.  Raphael  the 
Archangel  is  similarly  kept  on  24  October. 

I  possess  a  book,  "  Imprinted  at  London 
or  the  Company  of  Stationers,  1635," 
ailed  "  The  Psalter  or  Psalmes  of  David,, 
ifter  the  Translation  of  the  great  Bible,, 
ointed  as  it  shall  be  said  or  sung  in  churches. 
/Vith  the  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer,  and 
ertain  additions  of  Collects,  and  other  the 
irdinary  Service.  Gathered  out  of  the 
Booke  of  Common  Prayer."  This  book  has  a 
;alendar  with  a  saint  for  almost  all  days  in 
he  year,  and  against  8  May  is  printed 
'  Apar.  of  Mich." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  STAR  AND  GARTER  TAVERN,"  PALL  MALL 
10  S.  x.  244,  296).— The  Tatler  of  2  Sept.,. 
L903,  is  hardly  correct,  I  think,  in  placing 
'  The  Star  and  Garter  "  on  the  "  shady  " 
side  of  Pall  Mall,  instead  of  on  the  north 
side,  opposite  Schomberg  House.  Perhaps; 
The  Tatter's  observation  was  founded  on  a 
vague  allusion  to  the  situation  of  the  tavern 
in  one  edition  (I  am  not  sure  which)  of  '  Old" 
and  New  London,'  where  it  is  described  as- 
being  "  westward  of  Carlton  House,"  which, 
it  certainly  was. 

Neither  does  All  the  Year  Round  vouchsafe 
any  evidence  that  the  house  "  stood  on  the 
site  of  the  Carlton  Club."  If  it  did,  it  must 
have  been  No.  94,  Pall  Mall,  No.  93  having 
been  Evans's,  and  later  Sotheby's,  the  book 
auctioneer's.  In  this  case  it  would  have 
found  itself  next  door  to  another  such  place, 
the  Royal  Hotel,  No.  95 — a  contingency 
which,  however  common  in  hotel  streets, 
to-day,  is  unlikely  to  have  happened  at  the.- 
beginning  of  last  century. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


The  painstaking  and  generally  accurate 
author  of  the  '  Literary  Landmarks  o 
London,'  Mr.  Laurence  Hutton,  1900,  says 
that  "  The  Star  and  Garter "  "  stood  ai 
No.  44,  Pall  Mall,  on  the  north  side,  an'c 
upon  the  site  of  which  a  modern  public-house 
bearing  the  same  name,  has  been  built.' 
This,  too,  has,  in  its  turn,  disappeared,  anc 
upon  its  site  have  been  erected  the  new 
premises  of  the  Royal  Exchange  Assurance 
Company,  thus  leaving  "  The  Bell  "  at  No.  21, 
Pall  Mall,  the  only  surviving  tavern  in  the 
head-quarters  of  clubland. 

"  The  Key  and  Garter  "  was  at  the  other 
end  of  Pall  Mall,  "  over  against  St.  Alban's 
Street."  Dr.  Smellie,  the  eminent  exponenl 
of  the  practice  of  midwifery,  and  author  o1 
a  '  Treatise  of  Midwifery,'  gave  the  course  of 
lectures  of  which  that  work  consists  "  at  his 
House  in  the  New  Court,  formerly  '  The 
Key  and  Garter  Tavern,'  over  against  St, 
Alban's  Street,  Pall  Mall  "  (Daily  Advertiser. 
13  May,  2  and  29  June,  1742). 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
10,  Royal  Crescent,  Holland  Park  Avenue. 

"  PEARL  "  (10  S.  v.  409,  493  ;  vi.  118,  137  ; 

x.  177,  236). — I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  assure 
MB.  BRESLAR  that  what  the  King  James 
Bible  gives  as  "of  coral  or  of  pearls ' 
(Job  xxviii.  18)  is  rendered  "  of  coral  or  of 
crystal  "  in  the  American  R.V.  The  ordinary 
meaning  of  "  crystal " — some  variety  of 
quartz — seems  to  be  here  intended  ;  but  it  is 
just  possible  that  an  opaque  body  bounded 
by  plane  side  or  facets,  which  is  the  minera- 
logical  definition  of  "  crystal,"  may  be 
referred  to  by  the  American  translators. 

In  calling  the  word  "  beat  "  O.E.  I  did 
not  mean  to  imply  Anglo-Saxon,  and 
expressly  avoided  the  adjective  Middle 
English.  At  10  S.  ix.  94,  when  explaining 
the  derivation  of  "  bidaxe,"  I  was,  H.  P.  L. 
will  find,  more  exact  in  my  statement :  "  an 
old  English  word  in  use  in  Staffordshire, 
Oxfordshire,  and  Dorset,"  connected  with 
A.-S.  betan — my  information  being  obtained 
from  the  '  E.D.D.'  and  from  Skeat's  '  Ety- 
mological Dictionary.'  In  the  latter  work 
I  find,  s.v.  '  Peat,'  "  The  true  form  is  beat, 
as  in  Devonshire."  The  '  N.E.D.,'  however, 
seems  to  get  into  a  quandary  over  the  history 
of  beat  (see  sb.3),  citing  different  forms,  beate 
bait,  baite,  from  the  sixteenth  century. 

I  would  add  that  my  remarks  at  the 
penultimate  reference  were  dispatched  from 
here  last  Christmas,  so  that  I  had  not  then 
seen  PROF.  SKEAT'S  note  on  '  Polony '  at 
10  S.  viii.  506.  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 


THE  DOUBLE-HEADED  EAGLE  (10  S.  ix. 
350  ;  x.  153,  198).— Mr.  Baring-Gould  is 
wrong  in  stating  that  "  you  will  see  it  on  the 
coins  of  both  the  Emperor  of  Germany  and 
the  Emperor  of  Austria^  at  the  present  day." 
The  eagle  of  the  German  Empire,  like  the 
red  eagle  of  Tirol,  has  but  one  head.  The 
Russian  eagle  is  double-headed. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

SALFORD  :  SALTERSFORD  :  SALTERSGATE 
(10  S.  x.  222,  256,  274,  297).— '  An  Archaeo- 
logical Description  of  Saltwood  Castle,'  by 
Frederick  Beeston,  F.R.I.B.A.,  says  of  Salt- 
wood  Castle,  near  Hythe  : — 

"  Leland  tells  us  that  Saltwood  derived  its  name 
from  a  wood  so  called,  which  anciently  covered  that 
part  of  the  coast  near  which  it  stands.  That  pains- 
taking antiquary  is  followed  in  this  view  by  the 
compiler  of  'Magna  Britannia  et  Hibernia,'  who 
says,  '  It  is  probable  Saltwood  (in  Latin  de  bosco 
Salso)  was  so  called  because  the  sea  in  old  time  came 
up  so  near  it  as  to  flow  some  part  of  it  then  a  wood,' 
quaintly  adding,  'Though  now  the  sea  affords  it 
nothing  but  a  large  prospect.'  Both  these  authorities 
appear  to  have  overlooked  the  fact  that  the  parish 
or  Saltwood  contained  salterns  within  its  boundaries. 
We  meet  frequently  with  reference  to  salterns  in 
ancient  charters,  also  with  grants  of  fuel  for  the 
cooking  (i.e.  preparation)  of  salt,  and  herein  no 
doubt  we  have  the  derivation  of  the  compound 
word  Saltwood." 

Furley's   '  History  of  the  Weald  of  Kent/ 
vol.  i.  p.  165,  says  : — 

"  Saltworks  were  numerous,  particularly  in  those 
districts  lying  along  the  coast  and  near  to  the 
forest.  Wood,  we  have  seen,  was  granted  for  the 
boiling  of  the  salt.  The  works  on  the  coast  were 
ponds  and  pans  for  procuring  marine  salt  by 
evaporation,  while  those  in  more  inland  parts  were 
what  are  called  refineries  of  brine  or  salt  springs. 
Thus,  in  addition  to  the  cases  already  noticed,  we 
find  that  in  A.D.  732Ethelbert  of  Kent  gave  Abbot 
Dun  a  quarter  of  a  ploughlarid  at  Lympne,  where 
there  were  saltworks,  that  is,  evaporating  pans ; 
and  added  to  it  a  grant  of  100  loads  of  wood  per 
annum  necessary  to  the  operation." 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

Thoroton's  'Antiquities  of  Notts,'  1677, 
p.  296,  has  this  passage  : — 

"Col.  John  Hutchirison,  son  and  heir  of  Sir 
Thomas  Hutchinson,  had  that  which  he  called  the 
Manor  of  Salterford  in  the  forest." 

This  Sherwood  Forest  Salterford  is  noted 
as  a  manor  in  Domesday  Book.  Mr.  W. 
Stevenson,  a  high  authority  on  our  early 
county  history,  has  recorded  his  opinion  that 
his  manor  "  drew  its  name  from  the  great 
north  road  from  Nottingham  being  a  Salt- 
way,  or  Salter's  Gate."  In  support  of  such 
derivation  Mr.  Stevenson  quotes  a  charter 
granted  by  Earl  John  to  the  De  Caux  family 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  21, 


of  Laxton,  Notts,  hereditary  custodians  of 
Sherwood  Forest,  wherein  one  clause  reads  : — 
"  And  also  that  they  take  and  have  of  every  carte 
lode  of  salte  that  goeth  throw  the  forreste  one 
skeppe  of  salte,  and  of  everie  halfe  carte  lode,  halfe 
a  skeppe." 

A.  STAPLETON. 

The  main  road  from  Lichfield  to  Birming- 
ham crosses  the  river  Tame  at  the  foot  of 
Gravelly  Hill  by  a  bridge  known  as  Salford 
Bridge.  Willows  grow  thereabout  upon  the 
river  bank.  BENJ.  WALKER. 

Gravelly  Hill,  Erdington. 

CAMPBELL  :  PRONUNCIATION  OP  THE  NAME 
(10  S.  x.  228,  278). — My  aunt,  Frances 
Countess  Russell,  who  died  in  1898,  always 
pronounced  the  name  Campbell  like 
"  Camel."  She  was  a  Scotchwoman,  but 
a  Lowlander.  G.  W.  E.  RUSSELL. 

Scott  implies  that  the  current  Scottish 
pronunciation  was  "  Cawmil  "  ;  see  '  Rob 
Roy,'  ed.  3,  1818,  iii.  44,  45.  W.  C.  B. 

In  a  letter  dated  15  May,  1848,  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Campbell  writes  to  his  brother  ( '  Auto- 
biography,' chap,  xxviii.)  that  the  Duke  of 
Wellington 

"  introduced  me  to  the  Prince  of  Wales  [the  present 
King].  The  little  boy  running  up  to  him  when  I 
was  standing  by,  he  said  to  him,  '  Do  you  know 
LordCammel?  You  should  know  Lord  Cammel.' 
So  I  shook  hands  with  his  Royal  Highness." 

HERMAN  COHEN. 

Of  an  old  firm  "  Cammell  &  Co."  I  have 
heard  it  said  that  they  belonged  to  "  the 
Campbells  are  coming." 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

CHANGES  IN  HANDWRITING  :  LARGE-TEXT 
W  AND  LONG  S  (10  S.  x.  269). — A  great  many 
people  still  use  the  longs  (as  in  my  signature) 
where  there  is  a  double  s.  Lord  Kimberley's 
family  still  use  it  for  a  single  s,  inWodehouse. 
This  is  unusual.  G.  W.  E.  RUSSELL. 

FRENCH  PEERAGE  (10  S.  x.  289).— There 
is  no  French  Peerage  corresponding  to  our 
Burke.  J.  B.  P.  Jullien  de  Courcelles, 
'  Dictionnaire  universel  de  la  Noblesse  de 
France,'  5  vols.,  1820-22,  and  Saint- Allais, 
'  Nobiliaire  de  France,'  21  vols.,  1872-7, 
are  excellent  works.  The  Peerage  of  France 
has  been  dealt  with  in  instalments  in  the 
'  Annuaire  de  la  Noblesse  de  France,'  which 
was  started  in  1843  by  Borel  d'Hauterive, 
and  is  still  continued  by  the  Vicomte  Albert 
Reverend  ;  it  is  in  64  vols.  An  index  to 
the  genealogies  dealt  with  in  the  first  series 


will  be  found  at  the  end  of  the  issue  foi* 
1879  or  1880,  I  forget  which.  Those  dealt 
with  since  1880  will  be  found  indexed  in  the 
current  volume.  This  is  the  best  modern 
book  of  its  kind,  and  is  trustworthy.  There 
is  a  complete  set  in  the  British  Museum 
(Large  Room).  The  work  is  published  at 
25,  Rue  Fontaine,  Paris,  and  also  by  H. 
Champion,  9,  Quai  Voltaire.  W.  ROBERTS. 

WATERLOO  :  CHARLOTTE  (10  S.  x.  190, 
232,  271,  315).— The  Queen  died  in  1818. 
'  Rejected  Adclresses  '  was  published  in  1813. 
There  "  Charlotte  "  (the.  name  of  the  Prin- 
cess) is  made  to  rime  with  "  scarlet."  Pre- 
sumably the  Princess's  name  and  the  Queen' & 
were  pronounced  in  the  same  way. 

G.  W.  E.  RUSSELL, 

The  local  poet  of  my  native  village  in 
Nottinghamshire  at  the  time  of  the  Crimean 
War  scarcely  gave  the  last  syllable  of  Water- 
loo its  usual  sound  in  English  pronunciation 
when  he  said,  or  sang,  of  the  "  Rooshians  "  : 

We  '11  feight  'em  as  we  fought  the  French  when  we 

met  at  Wetterloo ; 
We  brogged  'em  in  the  belly  wi'  our  bagginets,  and 

made  'em  go — ugh  ! 

It  was  quite  usual  in  the  sixties  of  last 
century  to  hear  Great  Charlotte  Street, 
Liverpool,  called  Great  Charlotte  Street, 
and  I  have  heard  the  name  so  pronounced 
when  used  as  a  personal  name.  Its  most 
common  diminutive  is,  of  course,  Lottie. 

C.  C.  B. 

CHURCH  OF  LLANTWIT  MAJOR  (10  S.  x. 
288).— Mr.  Alfred  C.  Fryer's  work  '  Llantwit 
Major  :  a  Fifth-Century  University,'  would 
assist  MR.  ADDY.  The  church,  founded  by 
St.  Illtyd,  was  granted  to  the  Abbey  of 
St.  Mary,  Tewkesbury  : — 

"The  college  of  Thodosius  at  Caer  Worgorn, 
Llantwit  Major,  was  not  a  monastery,  however,  but 

rather  an  enfranchised  school,  to  exhibit  and  teach 
:he  distinguished  knowledge  and  exalted  sciences 

that  were  known  in  Rome,  and  to  the  Romans  at 
!aerleoii  upon  Use  (Isca  Silurium)."— 'lolo  MSS.,' 

p.  422. 

[f  MR.  ADDY  likes  to  communicate  with  me, 
I  can  supply  him  with  much  information 
respecting  Llanilltydfawr.  AP  RHYS. 

91,  Seaford  Road,  West  Baling,  W. 

'  The  Ecclesiastical  Buildings  of  Llantwit 
Major  '  (published  by  the  author,  Mr.  J.  W. 
Rodger,  architect,  Cardiff)  will  give  MR. 
ADDY  much  information  respecting  the 
present  condition  of  the  church. 

Mr.  G.  E.  Halliday  has  two  papers  on  the 
church  in  Archceologia  Camhrensis  for  April, 
1900,  and  July,  1905.  DAVID  SALMON. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 1908.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  London.    By  the  Rev. 

Alfred  B.  Beaven.  (Eden  Fisher  &  Co. ) 
OUR  first  impression,  on  turning  over  the  leaves  of 
this  handsome  volume,  is  one  of  sympathy  with 
Mr.  Beaven  in  the  satisfaction  which  he  must  feel 
in  having  been  the  first  to  compile  a  work  which 
will  probably  outlive  many  a  contemporary  effort 
of  imaginative  genius.  He  has  covered  a  field  which 
few  had  previously  attempted  to  enter,  and,  having 
undertaken  an  ambitious  and  difficult  task,  has 
completed  it  in  such  a  way  that  to  criticize  it 
with  fairness  would  entail  almost  equally  arduous 
labour. 

The  first  portion  of  the  work  consists  of  a  virtually 
exhaustive  list  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  City  of 
London,  arranged  under  their  respective  Wards  in 
chronological  succession  from  1276  to  the  present 
time.  The  second  portion  gives  the  chronological 
succession  of  the  Aldermen,  according  to  seniority 
of  election,  to  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century. 
In  a  second  volume  this  list  will  be  completed,  and 
Mr.  Beaven  has  promised  to  add  an  Historical 
Introduction  and  an  Index  of  Names.  In  addition 
to  these  nominal  rolls,  the  volume  under  notice 
contains  some  special  articles,  of  which  the  most 
important  are  some  notes  upon  the  Aldermen  who 
administered  the  Wards  at  a  period  antecedent  to 
the  date  of  the  earliest  Letter-Books  preserved  at 
Guildhall,  and  a  carefully  compiled  list  of  the 
M.P.s  for  the  City  of  London  from  1283  to  the 
present  date.  In  this  catalogue  are  specified  the 
political  opinions  of  the  Parliamentary  representa- 
tives of  the  City  from  the  date  when  Whigs  and 
Tories  came  into  being,  and  it  is  interesting  to  note 
the  fluctuations  of  opinion  amongst  the  classes  who 
composed  the  electorate.  From  the  Revolution  of 
1688  to  the  year  1806  the  political  complexion  of  the 
City  was  predominantly  Whig ;  on  the  death  of 
Pitt,  and  during  the  continuance  of  the  great  French 
war,  opinion  veered  round  to  the  Tory  side  ;  after 
Waterloo,  and  up  to  1874,  the  Liberals  again  had  it 
all  their  own  way ;  while  from  that  date  to  the 
present  time  the  City  has  been  consistently 
Conservative. 

To  the  archaeologist  the  most  interesting  portion 
of  Mr.  Beayen's  book  is  that  in  which  he  discusses 
the  early  history  of  the  various  Wards,  and  brings 
to  light  from  many  recondite  sources  the  names  of 
the  Aldermen  who  represented  them.  The  desig- 
nation of  Alderman  shares  with  that  of  Sheriff  the 
distinction  of  being  among  our  earliest  official  titles. 
The  Ealdorman,  whether  he  governed  a  third  of 
England,  or  a  single  shire,  or  a  ward  of  a  city,  was, 
as  Kemble  points  out,  identified  with  the  military 
force  of  the  country  as  well  as  with  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice.  The  Sheriff  was  responsible  for 
the  revenue,  and  exercised  a  general  supervision 
over  fiscal  matters ;  but  the  Ealdorman  was  the 
principal  executive  officer  within  the  area  of  his 
government.  Stubbs  has  shown  that  the  title 
of  Ealdorman  is  much  older  than  the  existing 
division  of  shires,  and  it  is  probable  that  Aldermen 
were  appointed  in  London  for  the  purposes  of  local 
government  long  before  the  City  was  divided  into 
Wards.  The  Aldermen  seem  to  have  been  nominated 
by  the  King,  just  as  at  a  much  later  date  (1255)  we 
see  Henry  III.  giving  orders  that  four  Aldermen 


"fiant  in  Oxonia"  ;  and  it  does  not  seem  certahn 
when  or  how  election,  either  by  the  citizens  at  larg& 
or  by  the  Ward-mote,  originated.  The  relations- 
between  the  Aldermen  and  the  Portreeve  have  not,, 
we  think,  been  very  closely  defined ;  nor  do  we- 
know  whether  the  former  «had  a  share  in  the  general 
administration  of  the  City,  or  whether  their  duties- 
were  originally  confined  to  the  limits  of  their 
executive  jurisdiction.  These  points  will,  we  hope,, 
be  cleared  up  by  Mr.  Beaven  in  his  promised. 
Historical  Introduction. 

The  earliest  list  of  the  Wards  is  contained  in. 
"Liber  L,"  a  manuscript  preserved  among  the- 
archives  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral ;  and  of  the  twenty 
Wards  enumerated  in  this  document,  all  but  four  are- 
called  after  the  names  of  persons  whom  we  may 
reasonably  conclude  to  have  been  Aldermen.  Mr.. 
Beaven,  apparently  on  the  authority  of  the  Rev. 
W.  J.  Loftie,  gives  the  probable  date  of  this  list  as. 
1115 ;  but  Mr.  J.  Horace  Round,  "  whose  own  care- 
ful accuracy  is,"  in  Mr.  Beaven's  words,  "hardly 
less  marked  than  his  keen  eye  for  inaccuracy  in/ 
others,"  has  shown  conclusively  that  it  cannot  be 
earlier  than  1122.  Although  there  is  no  doubt  that 
Aldermen  existed  in  London  long  before  the  Con- 
quest, the  first  of  whom  there  is  definite  record 
appears  to  be  a  certain  "  Turstenus,"  who  witnessed 
a  deed  in  1111  as  "Aldermanus  de  la  Warde." 
Another  very  early  Alderman  was  "  Eadwine,"  who 
was  witness  to  a  London  charter  in  the  Colchester 
cartulary,  and  who  does  not  seem  to  be  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Beaven. 

In  concluding  this  account  of  a  memorable  book 
we  may  point  out  that  Mr.  Beaven  corrects  an, 
error  of  Stow,  which  has  apparently  escaped  the- 
notice  of  the  latest  editor  of  the  'Survey.'  At 

§.  140  of  the  first  volume  of  Mr.  Kingsford's  edition,, 
tow  says  he  read  that  about  the  year  1264V 
Eustacius,  the  eighth  Prior  of  Christ  Church  in 
Aldgate,  "  because  he  would  not  deale  with  tem- 
porall  matters,"  instituted  Theobald  Fitz  Ivo  Alder- 
man of  Portsoken  Ward  under  him.  Mr.  Beaven 
shows  that  Fitz  Ivo's  name  appears  as  Aldermani 
under  date  1196-7,  and  that  the  name  of  Thomas  de 
Wymburne  is  found  as  acting  Alderman  of  Port- 
soken before,  during,  and  after  the  priorate  of 
Eustacius. 

The  Dramatic  Writings  of  John  Bale,  1495-1563: 
Edited  by  John  S.  Farmer.  (Early  English  Drama 
Society.) 

JOHN  BALE,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  known  to  his 
opponents  as  "Billious  Bale"  on  account  of  his 
acerbility  of  speech,  was  an  Eastern  Counties  man 
of  humble  birth,  being  born  at  Cove,  near  Dunwich, 
Suffolk,  on  21  Nov.,  1495.  According  to  hjs  own 
account,  he  was  the  author  of  twenty-two  dramatic 
works,  besides  voluminous  writings  on  controversial 
and  ecclesiastical  matters.  Early  in  life  he  con- 
ceived it  his  duty  to  abandon  the  Roman  Catholic 
faith,  and  being  a  bitter  writer  he  made  innu- 
merable enemies.  His  vituperation  against  the 
Church  of  Rome  drew  upon  him  the  invective  of 
almost  the  whole  of  the  writers  on  that  side  of  the 
question,  and  his  books  are  particularly  prohibited 
in  the  '  Index  Expurgatorius '  published  in  folio  at 
Madrid  in  1667.  But  for  the  protection  of  Thomas, 
Lord  Cromwell,  he  would  have  fared  badly.  He 
was  eventually  appointed  to  the  Bishopric  of 
Ossory  ;  but,  owing  to  the  treatment  he  met  with 
from  the  Roman  Catholics  in  Ireland,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  leave  his  diocese  after  barely  six  months' 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  24, 


residence,  and  never  again  returned  to  it.  Pro- 
moted to  a  Prebend  of  Canterbury  Cathedral  in 
1560,  he  died  in  that  city  in  1563,  in  the  sixty-eighth 
year  of  his  age. 

The  whole  of  Bale's  dramatic  works  now  extant 
are  contained  in  this  volume,  viz.,  'The  Three 
Laws  of  Nature,  Moses,  and  Christ,'  ' The  Chief 
Promises  of  God  unto  Man,'  '  John  the  Baptist's 
Preaching  in  the  Wilderness,'  '  The  Temptation  of 
our  Lord,' arid  'John,  King  of  England.'  'David 
and  Absolom  '  is  credited  by  some  to  Bale,  but  it  is 
so  doubtful  an  attribution,  that  the  work  is  ex- 
cluded from  this  volume. 

Dealing  with  the  plays  in  the  order  given,  we 
have  the  comedy  of  '  The  Three  Laws,'  in  which 
the  laws  of  God  as  exhibited  in  nature  are  enun- 
ciated first  by  Moses,  arid  afterwards  by  Christ. 
In  this  play  the  peculiar  perverseness  of  Bale  is 
evident.  The  dialogue  drops  in  an  instant  from  a 
degree  of  lofty  dignity  to  coarse  insinuation  arid 
direct  accusation  concerning  the  alleged  sexual 
enormities  of  the  Roman  Catholic  priesthood. 
Quotation  of  such  passages  is  impossible.  In 
striking  contrast  are  the  utterances  placed  in  the 
mouth  of  the  Deity,  who  is  introduced  as  follows  : — 

I  am  Deus  Pater,  a  substance  invisible, 

All  one  with  the  Son  and  the  Holy  Ghost  in  essence. 

To  angel  and  man  I  am  incomprehensible  ; 

A  strength  infinite,  a  righteousness,  a  prudence, 

A  mercy,  a  goodness,  a  truth,  a  life,  a  sapience. 

In  Heaven  and  in  earth  we  made  all  to  our  glory, 

Man  ever  having  in  special  memory. 

;Step  forth,  ye  Three  Laws,  for  guidance  of  mankind, 
Whom  most  entirely  in  heart  we  love  and  favour  ; 
And  teach  him  to  walk  according  to  our  mind, 
In  cleanness  of  life,  and  in  gentle  behaviour  ; 
Deeply  instruct  him  our  mysteries  to  savour; 
By  the  works  of  faith  all  vices  to  seclude  ; 
And  preserve  in  him  our  godly  similitude. 

'  The  Chief  Promises  of  God  unto  Man,'  as  its 
title  indicates,  deals  with  the  blessings  vouchsafed 
to  man  and  his  ingratitude  to  the  Divine  interest. 
This  play  calls  for  no  particular  comment. 

In  '  John  the  Baptist '  we  find  much  dignified 
writing.  In  the  Epilogue  of  the  play  John  is  thus 
described : — 

John  was  a  preacher — note  well  what  he  did  teach  : 
Not  men's  traditions,  nor  his  own  holy  life, 
But  to  the  people  Christ  Jesus  did  he  preach, 
Willing  his  gospel  among  them  to  be  rife  ; 
His  knowledge  heavenly  to  be  had  of  man  and  wife. 

We  have  in  this  play  a  welcome  relief  to  the 
-abuse  of  the  Roman  Church  prevalent  in  the  others. 
'  The  Temptation  of  our  Lord '  shares  this  distinc- 
tion, although  in  a  less  degree,  Bale  apparently 
being  unable  to  resist  a  certain  amotint  of  sarcasm 
on  the  subject,  even  when  the  exigencies  of  the 
play  did  not  necessitate  mention  of  it.  'The 
Temptation '  is  virtually  confined  to  the  struggle 
between  Christ  and  Satan,  and  is  much  to  oe 
.admired  (with  the  exception  of  the  passages 
indicated)  on  account  of  the  subtle  reasoning 
•exhibited  in  the  dialogue,  which  at  times  rises  to  a 
high  level. 

We  are  inclined  to  regard  'John,  King  of 
England,'  as  being  far  beyond  the  rest  of  the  plays 
in  this  volume,  both  in  regard  to  characterization 
and  general  literary  excellence ;  and  we  agree 
with  Collier  and  Mr.  Herford  that  it  is  the  most 


original  of  Bale's  works,  insomuch  as  it  introduced 
a  kind  of  dramatic  writing  hitherto  unknown, 
allegory  being  partly  abandoned  in  favour  of  history. 
Besides  the  King  himself,  we  have  various  persons 
who  figured  largely  in  history,  including  Pope 
Innocent,  Cardinal  Pandolphus,  and  Archbishop 
Langton.  The  character  of  Imperial  Majesty  is  of 
course  meant  for  Henry  VIII. ,  who  is  supposed  to 
take  over  the  reins  of  government  after  John  has 
been  poisoned.  England  is  represented  as  a  widow 
who  applies  to  the  King  for  relief  from  the  grinding 
rule  of  the  Papal  party.  The  fact  of  John  being 
represented  as  a  man  of  lofty  ideals,  sincerely 
anxious  for  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  his  people, 
provides  an  unpremeditated  and  humorous  element 
in  the  play.  Whether  Bale. really  believed  what  he 
wrote  in  relation  to  that  monarch's  character,  or 
deliberately  perverted  history  for  his  own  ends,  is 
riot  known.  In  any  case  his  inception  of  John's 
character  served  as  a  vantage  ground  from  which  he 
issued  his  indictment  against  the  Roman  Church. 
To  consolidate  the  Reformation  was  his  aim — 
whether  by  fair  or  unfair  means  was  apparently 
beside  the  mark. 

We  cannot  but  feel  that  the  author  of  these 
plays  allowed  his  religious  prejudices  to  exaggerate 
evils,  and  sectarian  rancour  could  hardly  go  further 
than  in  his  pages.  They  are,  however,  of  value  for 
estimating  the  feeling  of  the  time,  and  we  con- 
gratulate Mr.  Farmer  on  his  persistence  in  giving 
us  little-known  documents  of  the  sort  in  print. 


JOSEPH  MEADOWS  COWPER.— The  Times  of  the 
17th  inst.  contained  the  following  : — 

"  COWPER.— On  the  loth  irist.,  at  Belmont,  Har- 
bledown,  Canterbury,  JOSEPH  MEADOWS  COWPER, 
F.  S.  A. ,  aged  78.  Funeral  at  3  o'clock,  on  October  19, 
at  Harbledown." 

MR.  COWPER  was  a  considerable  contributor  to 
'N.  &  Q.'  from  3  S.  to  9  S.  i.,  chiefly  on  Kentish 
matters,  a  province  which  he  had  made  peculiarly' 
his  own.  He  printed  nearly  all  the  Canterbury 
registers,  and  a  number  of  similar  records. 


UNDER  the  title  '  Ruined  and  Deserted  Churches,' 
an  interesting  work  by  Mr.  L.  E.  Beedham  is  an- 
nounced for  immediate  publication  by  Mr.  Elliot 
Stock.  The  volume  will  deal  with  disused  places 
of  worship  in  all  parts  of  England,  many  of  them 
gems  of  architecture.  To  rescue  some  of  these  from 
oblivion  is  the  object  of  the  author.  The  volume 
will  contain  many  illustrations  from  photographs. 


to 

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ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

ST.  SWITHIN  ("Pedlar  and  Monkeys").— See  10 S. 
vi.  448 ;  vii.  13,  256. 

NOTICE. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do1  not 
print,  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


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341 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  31,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-No.  253. 

NOTES  :— The  Tyburn,  341— Dr.  Johnson's  Ancestors,  343— 
Shakespeariana,  344 — 'Shakespeare  Apocrypha,'  345 — 
Shakespeare's  Epitaph— Shakespeare  the  Actor— Shake- 
speare and  Geography — "  Ising-glass,"  346  —  Heretical 
Cosmogony — St.  Thomas's,  Charterhouse — Moon  Legends, 
347. 

-QUERIES :— Haldane— Bradlaugh  on  Spinoza— Scots  Greys, 
347— Kipling  on  Shakespeare— Silas  Told— Ursula  Warner 
—Lord  Lake— Raleigh  at  Brixton— Authors  Wanted— 
County  Heraldry  —  Nisidora  -  Canadian  Dyes,  348 — 
"O  dear  no ! "— Belgrave  Hoppner— Hon.  S.  Wilkins— 
Dr.  W.  Gordon  of  Bristol— Philip  II.  of  Pomerania— Fair- 
clough  Family— Persian  Translation  by  Shelley— Dr. 
Beauford  —  Urlin  Families,  349  — Frost  Prints  —  Major- 
General  Fage  —  Maid  of  the  Mill  —  Luther  Pictures- 
Edward  Morris,  M.P.,  350. 

REPLIES  :— Officer  of  the  Pipe,  350— Mediterranean,  351— 
"Plane  sailing"— "  Disdaunted  "— " As  the  farmer,"  &c. 
Netmaker's  Circular  —  Sir  Alex.  Brett  —  Regimental 
Marches,  352— Authors  Wanted-A  Shakespeare  Will— 
Baal-Fires— Inferior  Clergy— Rushlights,  353— Monastic 
Estates— Alderman's  Walk— High  Treason  Punishment, 
354— The  Bastinado  —  Norrises  of  Milverton— Addison's 
Ancestry.  355— Seventeenth-Century  Quotations — Clergy 
in  Wigs— Story's  '  Vse  Victis '— Lansdowne  Passage,  356— 
"  Petersburg  "  —  Tollgate  Houses  —  "  Roundhead  " — 
Hannah  Maria  Jones— Sir  R.  Weston,  357— Tiger  Folk- 
lore—Eleventh Commandment — "  Barrar  " — "  Portions  "  : 
"Pensions,"  358. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Stow's  •  Survey  of  London '— « The 
Old-Time  Parson '  — Lecky's  Essays  —  Memorials  of  the 
Dead  in  Ireland— Eugenie  de  Gue>in's  Journal. 

OBITUARY :— Edward  Yardley. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE    TYBURN. 

IT  may  be  remembered  that  a  few  years 
ago  I  ventured  to  question  the  accuracy  of 
Victorian  topographers  in  denominating  the 
stream  which  flows,  or  used  to  flow,  from  the 
Hampstead  hills,  via  Kilburn,  Bayswater, 
Knightsbridge,  and  the  Serpentine,  into  the 
Thames,  the  "  West  Bourne  "  ;  and  I  asked 
if  it  was  called  by  that  name  in  any  topo- 
graphical work  or  in  any  map  produced 
before  the  termination  of  the  first  half  of  the 
last  century.  I  was  stoutly  attacked  by 
several  of  my  friends  in  '  N.  &  Q.',  who  gave 
good  reasons  why  the  rivulet  ought  to  have 
been  called  by  that  name  ;  but  not  one  of 
them  produced  any  evidence  from  a  map, 
survey,  or  book  proving  that  it  actually  was 
so  called.  I  on  my  part  showed,  on  carto- 
graphic and  other  evidence,  that  the  stream 
was  not  in  later  times  nameless,  but  that 
from  time  to  time  it  was  known  as  the 
West  burn  Brook,  the  Bayswater  stream  or 
rivulet,  and  other  names,  but  never  as  the 
West  Bourn  tout  court  ;*  and  I  hazarded  the 
conjecture  that  the  abbatial  manor,  village, 
and  green,  which  were  called  by  the  name  of 

*  The  correspondence  will  be  found  in  9  S.  viii. 
517 ;  ix.  51,  92,  190,  269,  291,  375,  456 ;  x.  16. 


'*  Westburne  "  from  very  early  times,  derived 
that  appellation  from  the  fact  that  they  were 
situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  rivulet. 

The  easterly  stream,  which  also  rises  in 
Hampstead,  and  flows  through  the  parishes  of 
St.  Marylebone  and  £>t.  George's,  Hanover 
Square,  until  it  reaches  the  confines  of  West- 
minster, and  thence  debouches  into  the 
Thames,  is  generally  known  in  modern  times 
as  the  "  Tyburn."  In  the  course  of  a  corre- 
spondence which  took  place  some  years  ago 
on  '  Executions  at  Tyburn,'  the  REV.  W.  J. 
LOFTIE  asserted,  inter  alia,  that  "  Tyburn 
was  a  brook,  which  ran  from  Hampstead  to 
the  Thames "  ;  whereupon  MR.  H.  A. 
HABBEN  asked  for  his  authority  for  that 
statement  (9  S.  vii.  210,  310).  No  reply 
was  given,  and  I  doubt  if  one  can  be  found. 
Such  evidence  for  the  statement  as  can  be 
discovered  was  brought  forward  by  the  late 
Mr.  J.  G.  Waller  in  the  very  interesting  paper 
which  he  contributed  to  the  Transactions 
of  the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeological 
Society  (vol.  vi.  p.  244)  on  '  The  Tybourne 
and  the  Westbourne.' 

The  earliest  mention  of  the  name  occurs  in 
the  charter  of  King  Edgar  in  the  year  951, 
confirming  a  grant  of  about  600  acres  of 
land  to  the  church  of  St.  Peter  of  Westminster. 
The  western  boundary  of  this  grant  is  defined 
as  "of  Cuforde  upp  andlang  Teoburnan  to 
thaere  wide  heres-straeet,"  i.e.,  "from  Cow- 
ford  up  along  Tyburn  to  the  wide  military 
road."  Most  topographical  writers,  includ- 
ing Saunders,  Robins,  and  Waller,  have 
taken  the  word  "  Teoburna  "  to  signify  the 
stream ;  Mr.  Alfred  White,  and  possibly 
MB.  HABBEN,  have  contested  this  view, 
and  hold  that  "  Teoburna  "  means  not  the 
stream,  but  the  manor.  My  own  opinion  is 
that  the  latter  view,  with  a  more  extended 
scope,  is  correct.  Much  ink  has  been  spent 
in  discussing  the  meaning  of  the  prefix  "  teo." 
I  believe  it  to  be  a  form  of  "  tweo,"  which  is 
equivalent  to  twd,  the  fern.  nom.  plur.  of 
twegen,  two,  and  which  we  find  in  the  word 
betweonung  or  betweonan,  between.  The 
word  "  Teoburna "  would  therefore  signify 
the  land  situated  between  the  two  burns, 
which  modern  topographers  call  the  West- 
bourn  and  the  Tyburn  ;  and  I  submit  that 
this  was  the  ancient  designation  of  the  area 
which  was  subsequently  divided  into  the 
manors  of  Eia,  Tiburne,  and  Lilestone. 
When  this  subdivision  took  place  we  have  no 
means  of  knowing,  but  it  was  probably  at  the 
beginning  of  the  eleventh  century. 

The  manor  of  Tiburne,  which  at  the  date 
of  Domesday  belonged  to  the  Abbess  of 
Barking,  was  not  included  in  the  list  of  the 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 


earliest  possessions  of  that  foundation,  and 
it  was  probably  granted  to  the  Abbey  when 
Queen  Edith,  the  wife  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor, held  charge  of  the  extensive  manor  of 
Eia  or  Eye,  which  in  Domesday  was  assessed 
at  ten  hides,  while  Tiburne  and  Lilestone  were 
each  assessed  at  five.  It  is  unnecessary  to 
refer  to  the  frequent  mention  of  Tyburn*  in 
the  Calendars  of  Feet  of  Fines,  wherein  no 
allusion  to  a  brook  is  made,  and  we  therefore 
come  to  the  important  decree  of  the  Cardinal 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and  various  other 
ecclesiastical  dignitaries  which  in  1222  defined 
the  limits  of  the  parish  of  St.  Margaret.  The 
commencement  of  the  western  boundary 
is  given  in  these  words :  "  Incipit  igitur 
Parochia  S.  Margaretae  ab  aqua  de  Tyburne 
decurrente  in  Thamisiam."  At  that  time 
the  parish  of  St.  Margaret  included  the  whole 
of  the  manor  of  Eia,  which  had  been  granted 
to  the  Abbey  by  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville  ; 
and  it  is  clear  that  the  "  aqua  de  Tyburne," 
which  is  a  translation  of  Tyburn  Brook,  or 
the  stream  flowing  from  Tyburn,  signified  not 
the  Tyburn  of  modern  geographers,  but  the 
Westbourne.  This  view  was  emphasized  by 
Robins  in  his  '  Paddington  Past  and  Present,' 
and  there  cannot  be  a  doubt  of  its  correct- 
ness. When  St.  Martin's  parish  was  after- 
wards carved  out  of  St.  Margaret's,  the 
Westbourne  Brook  became  its  western 
boundary  ;  and  it  fulfilled  a  similar  function 
when  St.  George's  was  detached  from  St. 
Martin's.  At  this  date  the  manor  of  Tyburn 
included  that  portion  of  land  to  the  west  of  the 
Edgware  Road  which  is  now  known  as  Bays- 
water  and  Craven  Hill. 

The  next  mention  of  this  stream,  but  under 
a  different  name,  occurs  in  Leland's  '  Itine- 
rary,' ed.  Toulmin  Smith,  ii.  114  : — 

"  Thens  to  Acton  a  praty  thrwghe  fayre  4  miles. 
Thens  to  Maribone-broke  and  parke  a  4  miles.  This 
broke  rennith  by  the  parke-waulle  at  St.  James. 
To  London  2  miles." 

A  writer  in  The  Athenceum  for  1  August 
last,  in  reviewing  Mrs.  Alec  Tweedie's  recently 
published  '  Hyde  Park,'  says  that  on  p.  22 
of  that  book  the  correct  etymology  of  Tyburn 
is  given,  where  the  T  is  seen  to  be  redundant, 
the  proper  name  being  Eybourne.  On  this 
point  I  am  compelled-  to  join  issue  with  the 
reviewer,  for  I  have  never  met  with  such 
a  form  as  Eybourne,  nor  do  I  believe  that 
it  exists  ;  and  in  face  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
spelling  of  the  word,  I  see  no  ground  for  the 
theory  of  the  redundant  T. 

It  is  true  that  on  the  analogy  of  the  names 

*  In  Messrs.  Hardy  and  Page's  valuable  work,  on 
p.  219,  vol.  i.,  "Foburne"  should  be  Tiburne;  see 
f  Placit.  Abbreviatio,'  p.  192. 


Westburn  Brook,  Tyburn  Brook,  Maribone- 
Brook,  the  stream  when  flowing  through  the- 
manor  of  Eye  was  occasionally  called  Eye- 
brook  or  Ayebrook  ;  and  its  debouchure 
into  the  Thames  is  mentioned  in  a  charter 
which  is  quoted  by  Ducange  sub  voce  "  Fleta": 
"  Charta  an.  5  Henrici  VIII.  apud  Spelman — 
'  Extendit  se  in  longitudine  a  communi  via 
usque  ad  fletam  de  Ee  versus  austrum.'  '' 
In  this  passage  the  fleet  of  Ee  or  Eye  is 
doubtless  identical  with  the  Merfleet  or 
boundary-fleet  of  Edgar's  charter  of  951. 

The  "  Aye  Brook  "  is  shown  in  a  '  Plan 
of  Part  of  Conduit  Mead,  about  1720,'  which 
is  reproduced  in  Clinch's  '  May  fair  and 
Belgravia,'  p.  116  ;  and  the  "  Ay  Brook  " 
in  a  Plan  of  the  Grosvenor  Estate  with 
proposed  buildings  (ibid.,  p.  164).  In  this 
connexion  it  may  be  worth  while  to  quote- 
what  Maitland  has  to  say  on  the  subject 
('  Hist,  of  London,'  1st  ed.,  1739,  p.  779)  :— 

"  The  Village  of  Tyborne  being  long  since- 
demolished,  and  the  Rivulet  of  that  Name  con- 
verted into  that  of  Ay  brook  (from  Ay,  a  Village- 
suppos'd  to  have  stood  where  Mayfair  now  is 
situate),  and  that  at  length  into  a  common  Sewer,, 
in  which  it  runs  to  the  northwest  Part  of  Tothill- 
Fields,  and  from  thence  above  Ground  to  Scholar* 
Pond,  where  it  has  its  Influx  thro'  a  Sluice  to  the- 
River  Thames.  However  the  ancient  Name  of  the 
Brook  and  Village  of  Tyborne  is  still  preserv'd 
in  that  of  the  Gallows  in  this  Neighbourhood,  ButJ 
the  modern  Name  of  Aybrook  proving  of  no  long 
Duration,  it  is  in  a  great  measure  restor'd  to  its 
ancient  Appellation  ;  for  that  Part  of  it,  which  runs 
above  Ground,  is  at  present  call'd  Twyborne  Brook." 

This  spelling  of  Maitland' s,  which  is  formed 
on  the  analogy  of  Twyford,  is  confirmatory  of 
the  derivation  I  have  hazarded  above^ 
Lysons  copies  Maitland  when  he  says  : — 

"The  name  of  thisplaee  [Mary bone]  was  anciently 
called  Tybourn,  from  its  situation  near  a  small 
bourn,  or  rivulet,  formerly  called  Aye-brook,  or 
Eye-brook,  and  now  Tybourn-brook." — '  Environs/ 
ed.  1811,  ii.  540. 

Although  Lysons  was  wrong  in  his  etymology,, 
the  stream  a  hundred  years  ago  was  called 
not  the  Tyburn,  but  Tyburn  Brook.* 

The  truth  seems  to  be  that  the  residents  in 
the  manor  of  Tyburn  naturally  called  the- 
stream  the  Tyburn  Brook  or  the  Marybone 
Brook,  while  those  in  the  manor  of  Eye 
called  it  the  Eye  Brook.  Other  people 
called  it  indifferently  by  one  or  the  other 
of  these  names.  No  one  called  it  the  Tyburn 
till  the  nineteenth  century  was  well  on  its 
way  to  maturity.  W.  F.  PBIDEAUX. 


*  I  may  even  say  fifty  years  ago,  for  in  1857  Mr 
J.  G.  Waller,  writing  on  this  subject  in  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine  (pt.  ii.  pp.  322-6),  entitles  his 
paper  '  Tybourn  Brook,'  and  calls  the  stream  by 
that  name  only. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  im]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


343 


DR.    JOHNSON'S    ANCESTORS    AND 
CONNEXIONS. 

(10  S.  viii.  281,  382,  462;    ix.  43,  144,  302, 
423;    x.  44.  203.) 

"Parson"  Ford  and  Joseph  Withers. — 
The  last  paragraph  in  my  book  (p.  283) 
related  to  Joseph  Withers,  of  Worcester, 
tobacconist,  who  died  11  Oct.,  1741,  aged 
fifty-one,  father  of  Sir  Charles  Trubshaw 
Withers.  The  Rev.  Cornelius  Ford,  about 
1729,  contracted  to  sell  the  Great  House 
in  Moseley,  which  he  had  inherited  from 
his  father,  Dr.  Joseph  Ford,  to  Joseph 
Withers,  who  filed  two  bills  in  Chancery 
to  compel  a  specific  performance  of  the 
agreement,  one  before  and  one  after  the 
"  Parson's  "  death.  I  have  now  an  abstract 
of  the  will  of  Joseph  Withers,  dated  29  Sept., 
1741,  in  which  he  is  described  as  Esquire 
and  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Worcester.  In 
this  he  leaves  his  farm  in  the  village  of 
Moseley,  co.  Wore.,  now  in  the  tenure  of 
Joseph  Bryan,  and  bought  of  Cornelius  Ford, 
clerk,  deceased,  to  his  son,  Charles  Trup- 
shaw  (sic)  Withers.  When  Dr.  Ford,  in 
1721,  devised  the  Great  House  in  Moseley 
to  his  son  Cornelius,  it  was  in  the 
tenure  of  William  Bryan.  To  his  son 
Joseph  Withers  also  leaves  his  own  dwelling- 
house  in  St.  S  within' s,  Worcester,  as  well 
as  other  property  in  Worcester  and  at 
Claines.  To  his  eldest  daughter,  Mary 
Withers,  he  leaves  his  farm  at  Moseley, 
occupied  by  Joseph  Richards  and  his  wife, 
and  purchased  of  his  brother  Samuel  Withers; 
as  well  as  a  sum  of  400Z.  To  his  two  younger 
daughters,  Jane  and  Katherine  Withers,  he 
leaves  800?.  each  at  twenty-one.  His  wife 
Mary  is  to  have  a  life  interest  in  some  of  the 
property.  To  his  aunt  Trupshaw  (sic)  he 
leaves  a  mourning  ring.  The  will  was  proved 
27  Nov.,  1741,  in  P.C.C.  (326  Spurway), 
by  Mary,  the  widow,  and  Charles  Trubshaw 
Withers,  the  son,  the  executors. 

Andrew  Johnson's  Marriage. — Since  my 
additional  notes  on  Andrew  Johnson  were 
printed  (10  S.  viii.  382-4,  462),  Mr.  A.  T. 
Marston  has  made  a  discovery  of  interest. 
While  searching  the  transcript  of  the  parish 
register  of  Harborne,  near  Birmingham,  in 
the  possession  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Lichfield,  he  happened  upon  the  following 
entry  :  "  Andrew  Johnson  and  Sarah  Fisher 
were  married  November  13,  1696." 

I  wrote  to  Harborne  for  a  copy  of  the 
original  entry,  but  Canon  Price,  the  Vicar, 
informs  me  that  the  page  of  the  register 
for  1696  is  torn  in  half,  and  that  nothing 


remains  of  the  entry  but  "...  .arah  Fisher," 
and,  on  the  line  below,  "  ....  married." 

As  explained  in  my  book  (p.  217),  Sarah 
Fisher  was  Andrew's  second  wife.  I  do  not 
know  why  the  marjiage  was  celebrated  at 
Harborne,  which  is  nine  miles  from  Elmdon, 
in  Warwickshire,  where  her  father  Thomas 
Fisher  had  lived  until  his  death  in  the  pre- 
ceding year. 

Dr.  Johnson  and  Sir  Wolstan  Dixie. — On 
21  Aug.,  1710,  Pope  wrote  as  follows  to 
Henry  Cromwell  ('  Pope's  Works,'  ed.  Whit- 
well  Elwin,  vol.  vi.  pp.  102-3)  : — 

"  I  fancy  you  have  not  many  Sir  Woolaston  Dixeys 
in  Lincolnshire,  than  whom  1  have  not  met  with  a 
better-bred  or  better-natured  gentleman,  and  to 
whom  I  beg  you  will  give  my  most  humble  service." 

The  accomplished  editor  has  the  following 
foot-note  on  the  subject  : — 

"  Sir  Wolstan  Dixie  was  the  person  in  whose  house 
Dr.  Johnson  resided  in  1732  while  usher  of  the 
school  at  Market  Bosworth.  His  account  of  the 
baronet's  temper  was  very  different  from  that  of 
Pope,  for  he  alleged  that  he  was  treated  with 
intolerable  harshness,  and  he  left  in  consequence." 

As  this  would  seem  to  convey  a  kind  of 
reproach,  and  suggest  that  Johnson  was  a 
surly  misanthrope  who  could  not  get  on  even 
with  a  gentleman  whom  Pope  declared  to 
be  both  kindly  and  cultivated,  I  think  it  right 
to  point  out  that  the  Rev.  Whitwell  Elwin 
has  gone  astray  here.  The  Sir  Wolstan 
Dixie  who  won  Pope's  good  opinion  was  the 
third  baronet.  It  was  his  son,  the  fourth 
baronet,  who  was  the  Sir  Wolstan  Dixie  so 
much  disliked  by  Johnson,  and  who,  as 
pointed  out  in  my  book  (p.  173),  was  a 
bachelor  of  about  thirty  at  the  time  of  their 
disagreement.  On  looking  into  the  question 
of  the  date  of  the  third  baronet's  death, 
I  found  that,  while  Nichols's  pedigree 
('  Leicestershire,'  vol.  iv.  p.  507)  stated  that 
he  was  buried  at  Bosworth  on  10  Dec., 
1713,  Burke' s  '  Peerage  '  says  that  he  died 
on  10  Dec.,  1731.  In  order  that  the  point 
might  be  settled  beyond  dispute,  I  wrote 
to  the  Rev.  P.  H.  Bowers,  Rector  of  Market 
Bosworth,  who  has  kindly  sent  me  a  copy 
of  the  burial  entry :  "  Sr  Wolstan  Dixie, 
Barnit,  was  buried  the  10  day  of  December, 
1713." 

Nichols  gives  the  date  of  his  baptism  as 
25  March,  1667,  but  Mr.  Bowers  sends  m© 
a  copy  of  the  entry  of  baptism  of  "  Wolstan 
Dixie,  the  sunn  of  Mr.  Beaumont  Dixie, 
Squire,"  on  25  March,  1657. 

Dr.  Birkbeck  Hill,  alluding  to  Sir  Wolstan 
Dixie's  harsh  treatment  of  Johnson,  say& 
('  Boswell,'  vol.  i.  p.  84,  foot-note)  that  "  the 
patron's  manners  were  those  of  the  neigh- 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  im 


bourhood,"  and  quotes  the  following  passage 
from  Hutton,  who  visited  Bosworth  in  1770  : 

"The  inhabitants  set  their  dogs  at  me  merely 
because  I  was  a  stranger.  Surrounded  with  impas- 
sable roads,  no  intercourse  with  man  to  humanize 
the  mind,  no  commerce  to  smooth  their  rugged 
manners,  they  continue  the  boors  of  nature." 

Nichols,  however,  makes  actual  reference 
to  the  condition  of  Bosworth  about  the  date 
when  Johnson  was  employed  there  ('  Leices- 
tershire,' vol.  iv.  p.  499)  :— 

"  Bosworth,  about  the  year  1730,  was  famous  for 
the  resort  of  the  neighbouring  gentry ;  who  came 
regularly  twice  a  week,  for  pleasure  and  amusement, 
to  the  bowling-green  of  Simon  Oakden.  At  that 
period,  this  was  reckoned  the  genteelest  part  of  the 
•county ;  several  coaches  and  six  being  kept  within 
a  few  miles  of  it." 

This  makes  it  seem  very  unlikely  that  the 
inhabitants  were  then  "  the  boors  of 
nature,"  or  that  Bosworth  was  "  surrounded 
with  impassable  roads."  The  greatest  sports- 
man in  the  district  at  that  time  must  have 
been  Johnson's  connexion  Thomas  Boothby 
.of  Tooley  Park,  not  six  miles  away. 

ALEYN  LYELL  READE, 

Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 

(To  be  continued.) 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 

'WINTER'S  TALE,'  IV.  iv.  334:  "SAL- 
TIERS." — A  servant  is  made  to  say  : — 

"Master,  there  is  three  carters,  three  shepherds, 
three  neat-herds,  three  SMdne-herds,  that  have  made 
themselves  all  men  of  hair ;  they  call  themselves 
Saltiers,  and  they  have  a  dance  which  the  wenches 
say  is  a  gallimaufry  of  gambols." 

Schmidt's  explanation  is  merely  "  the  ser- 
vant's blunder  for  Satyrs." 

Of  course  this  is  right,  as  far  as  it  goes, 
because  just  below  comes  the  stage-direc- 
tion :  "  Here  a  dance  of  twelve  Satyrs." 

But  this  does  not  at  all  fully  explain  the 
joke,  viz.,  why  did  the  servant  make  this 
particular  mistake  ? 

The  answer  surely  is  this  :  he  (or  rather 
"Shakespeare)  was  thinking  of  the  French 
word  then  spelt  saulteur,  which  had  the  double 
sense  of  "  dancer,"  like  the  modern  French 
sauteur,  and  of  the  heraldic  "  saltire."  He 
meant  to  express  the  idea  of  "  dancers," 
and  he  used  the  word  saltiers,  i.e.,  "  sal- 
tires,"  for  the  purpose. 

Cotgrave's  French  dictionary  tells  us  this 
much  ;  and  the  context  shows  how  the  idea 
of  "  dancers  "  is  dwelt  upon.  Thus  we  have 
"  a  dance  "  and  "  a  gallimaufry  of  gambols," 
and  just  afterwards  : — 

"One  three  of  them,  by  their  own  report,  sir, 
hath  danced  before  the  king  ;  and  not  the  worst  of 


the  three  but  jumps  [French  saute]  twelve  foot  and 
a  half  by  the  squire. 

As  saulteur  was  then  pronounced  as  French 
sauteur,  the  sound  of  it  came  close  to  that 
of  satyr.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

'  As  You  LIKE  IT,'  II.  vii.  70-73  :— 

Why,  who  cries  out  on  pride 
That  can  therein  tax  any  private  party  ? 
Doth  it  not  flow  as  hugely  as  the  sea, 
Till  that  the  wearie  verie  meanes  do  ebb  ? 

Those  who  cannot  persuade  themselves 
that  the  last  two  lines  of  this  passage, 
as  I  have  given  them  from  the  First  and 
Second  Folios,  came  from  the  pen  of  Shake- 
speare, may  be  induced  to  consider  the 
following  rearrangement  of  them.  Put  the 
note  of  interrogation  after  "  sea,"  and  not 
after  "  ebb  "  ;  instead  of  "  Till  that  the  " 
read  "  Till  that  they  "  ;  place  a  comma  after 
"  weary,"  and  treat  it  as  a  verb,  and  the 
lines  may  very  well  stand  thus  : — 

Doth  it  not  flow  as  hugely  as  the  sea  ? 
Till  that  they  weary,  very  means  do  ebb. 

For  a  similar  use  of  "  Till  that  "  in  the 
sense  of  "  before  that "  see  '  Hamlet,' 
Act  IV.  sc.  vii.  183  :— 

But  long  it  could  not  be, 

Till  that  her  garments,  heavy  with  their  drink, 
Pull'd  the  poor  wretch  from  her  melodious  song 
To  muddy  death. 

PHILIP  PERRING. 
7,  Lyndhurst  Road,  Exeter. 

'  KING  RICHARD  III.,'  IV.  iv.  175  (10  S.  vii. 
143).— 

Humphrey  hour,  that  called  your  grace 
To  breakfast  once  forth  of  my  company. 

"  To  dine  with  Duke  Humphrey "  was 
popularly  known  in  Shakespeare's  day  for 

going  without  one's  dinner.  So  any  allusion 
to  the  Humphrey  hour  was  understood  as 
the  time  of  fasting.  Again,  as  the  Humphrey 

lour  must  mean  the  duration  of  a  fast,  so  the 

Dreakfast  would  be  the  time  when  the  fast  is 
satisfied.  The  antithetical  'construction  is 
thus  made  clear ;  and  the  sense  also  in 
regard  to  the  Humphrey  hour  that  called 
her  grace  once  forth  to  breakfast.  The 
quip,  however,  would  be  pointless,  but 

Richard,    to    be    even  with  her  grace,  puts 
two   meanings  in  one  word,"   and  alludes 
the  hour  of  his  conception. 

TOM  JONES. 

'  HENRY  IV.,'  PART  II.,  I.  iii.  34-8  (10  S. 
viii.  504 ;  ix.  264).— The  Globe  edition 

ollows  the  original  text,  and  marks  the 
passage  as  corrupt.  The  alteration  I  pro- 

)osed  was   founded  on  Pope's    emendation. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345 


I  thank  DR.  KRTJEGER  for  showing  that  the 
sense  is  clear  :  by  retaining  the  old  reading 
with  a  new  punctuation  the  general  tenor  of 
Lord  Bardolph's  reply  -to  Hastings  is  fully 
explained.  TOM  JONES. 

'HENRY  IV.,'  PART  II.,  I.  ii.  45  (10  S- 
x.  164). — "  And  if  a  man  is  through  with 
them  in  honest  taking-up,  then  they  must 
stand  upon  security."  Pope's  emendation, 
"  thorough "  for  "  through,"  is  no  doubt 
useful  to  modern  readers,  though  hardly 
necessary,  as  "  through  "  for  "  thorough  " 
is  common,  and  its  meaning  well  known. 
But  apart  from  this,  the  meaning  of  the 
sentence  is  plain  enough,  and  is  only  made 
difficult  by  the  glosses  of  Schmidt  and 
Deighton.  Falstaff  is  declaiming  against 
the  moneylenders,  like  many  spendthrifts  of 
far  later  times.  He  harps  on  the  word 
"  security,"  with  which  they  have  so  con- 
veniently put  him  off.  The  "  yea-forsooth 
knaves,"  as  he  calls  them,  in  allusion  to  their 
smooth  words,  ought  to  feel  honoured  by  the 
condescension  of  a  titled  client,  and  be  only 
too  glad  to  lend  him  money  without  hope  of 
payment.  Instead,  they  are  making  for- 
tunes, wearing  high  shoes,  and  living  in 
luxury  generally ;  and  even  if  a  man  be 
thoroughly  honest  in  taking  up  (i.e.,  borrow- 
ing), they  still  protect  their  overgorged 
and  bloated  purses  with  this  same  cursed 
"  security."  The  very  word,  he  says,  is 
poison  to  him.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

'  ANTONY  AND  CLEOPATRA,'  I.  iii.  6-12 
(10  S.  x.  165).— The  weakness  of  the  expres- 
sion "  I  wish,  forbear,"  may  be  removed  by 
an  aposiopesis.  Charmian  is  about  to  remon- 
strate in  such  terms  as  "  I  wish  you  would 
not  be  so  shrewish "  ;  but,  as  that  would 
be  too  impertinent,  suddenly  changes  her 
thought  to — "  forbear."  TOM  JONES. 

'  CYMBELINE,'  III.  iii.  29-35  (10  S.  x.  165). 
— MR.  I.  H.  PLATT'S  emendation  of  "  forbid  " 
for  "  a-bed  "  may  be  correct ;  but  as  he  asks 
for  any  explanation  of  the  present  reading, 
I  offer  the  following  two. 

I.  Belarius  has  bid  the  lads 

revolve  what  tales  1  have  told  you, 
Of  courts,  of  princes,  of  the  tricks  of  war,  &c. 
Guiderius  answers  : — 

Out  of  your  proof  you  speak  ;   we  poor  unfledged, 

Have  never  wing'd  from  view  of  tne  nest 

unto  us  [this  life]  is 

travelling  a-bed. 

That  is,  you  have  travelled  and  seen  the 
world  ;  our  knowledge  of  the  world  is  all 
"  in  the  mind's  eye  "  ;  our  travelling  is  like 


that  of  a  man  who,  lying  a  -  bed,  roams 
abroad  only  in  imagination  or  in  dreams. 

II.  Restore    the    original    word    "  travail- 
ing," and  read  : — 
A  cell  of  ignorance  ;  travailing — a-bed  ; 
A  prison  for  a  debtor.  T.... 

That  is,  the  narrow  round  of  our  life,  com- 
prising nothing  but  alternate  toil  and  sleep, 
is  like  life  in  a  prison.  J.  P.  MALLESON. 

Great  Tew  Vicarage,  Oxori. 

If  Pope's  emendation  of  "  for  "  in  place  of 
"  or  "  is  adopted,  there  should  be  no  diffi- 
culty in  the  passage.  The  phrase  ' '  travelling ' ' 
or  "  travailing  "  (which  is  the  same  thing) 
"  a-bed  "  is  an  example  of  the  construction 
well  known  to  students  of  the  Greek  drama,, 
in  which  an  adjective  so  far  qualifies  its' 
noun  that  it  contradicts  it ;  and  it  means 
"  travelling  which  is  no  travelling,  which 
goes  no  further  than  one's  bed."  "  You  are* 
free  !  "  says  Belarius.  "  Free  ?  "  says  his 
son.  "  Yes  !  but  free  to  do  nothing  !  " 

The  phrase  "  a  prison  for  a  debtor  "  seems 
to  me  much  more  difficult ;  and  most  com- 
mentators seem  to  disregard  the  word  '  'dares.' 
As  I  understand  it,  the  meaning  is  this  :  "  We 
who  are  shut  out  from  the  world  are  like 
men  in  a  prison  ;  and  our  prison  would  be 
suitable  for  a  debtor  who  does  not  dare  to  go 
abroad  for  fear  of  meeting  a  creditor  ;  whoy 
in  fact,  is  content  with  being  shut  out  from 
the  world."  In  the  ordinary  interpretation 
the  word  "  debtor  "  is  meaningless,  and  the 
word  "  dares  "  is  used  in  a  strained  sense. 

T.  O.  HODGES. 

Kumbakonara,  S.  India. 

The  meaning  is  surely  obvious  without 
any  alteration  in  the  text.  The  speaker 
says  somewhat  sarcastically  :  "  To  us  this 
life  is  a  cell  of  ignorance.  We  travel — but 
only  within  the  narrow  limits  of  our  own 
bed.  It  is  a  prison  for  a  debtor  who  dares- 
not  put  his  foot  outside."  W.  E.  WILSON. 
[Other  correspondents  write  to  the  same  effect.] 

[We  must  ask  our  correspondents  not  to  send  any 
more  Shakespeariana  at  present,  as  we  have  a 
considerable  amount  of  copy  in  hand.  General 
expositions  and  paraphrases  of  passages  ar  e  not  so 
much  desired  as  special  points.  Finally,  we  note 
that  the  sending  of  matter  followed  by  rev  isions  of 
the  same  at  a  later  date  is  apt  to  cause  co  illusion. 
As  there  is  no  occasion  for  haste,  we  ma  y  fairly 
expect  to  receive  matter  in  the  form  in  wh  ich  our 
correspondents  wish  it  to  appear.] 


'THE  SHAKESPEARE  APOCRYPHA.' — In 
looking  through  Mr.  Tucker  Brooke's 
comprehensive  and  much-needed  jwork 
1  The  Shakespeare  Apocrypha  '  I  n  oticed  an 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  im 


-unmistakable  error.  In  No.  8  of  the  un- 
•canonical  plays  he  mentions  '  The  Taming 
of  a  Shrew  '  as  being  ascribed  to  Shakespeare 
in  Smethwick's  reprint  of  1631.  There  is 
no  edition  of  this  play  dated  1631,  the  three 
-editions  being  1592,  1596,  1607.  The  quarto 
•of  Shakespeare's  '  The  Taming  of  the  Shrew  ' 
issued  by  Smethwick  in  1631,  with  Shake- 
speare's name  on  the  title-page,  is  a  reprint 
of  the  play  as  printed  in  the  First  Folio, 
1623.  In  Mr.  Brooke's  book  Smethwick 
is  wrongly  printed  "  Smetwick." 

MAURICE  JONAS. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  EPITAPH. — In  his  essay 
on  Shakespeare  contained  in  his  collection 
*  Great  Englishmen  of  the  Sixteenth  Century  ' 
'(Constable  &  Co.,  1904) — a  volume  in  which 
scholarship  is  matched  with  sound  judgment 
and  taste — Mr.  Sidney  Lee  refers  to  the  last 
lines  of  the  epitaph  on  Shakespeare's  monu- 
ment on  the  chancel  wall  of  Trinity  Church, 
Stratford-on-Avon,  near  his  grave,  which 
j?an  thus  : — 

All  that  he  hath  writ 

Leaves  living  art  but  page  to  serve  his  wit. 
Mr.  Lee's  comment  is  :  — 

"  These  words  mean  only  one  thing  :  at  Stratford' 
on-Avori,  his  native  place,  Shakespeare  was  held  to 
•enjoy  a  universal  reputation.  Literature  by  all 
other  living  pens  was  at  the  date  of  his  death  only 
jfit,  in  the  eyes  of  his  fellow  townsmen,  to  serve  '  all 
that  he  had  writ'  as  pageboy  or  menial.  There  he 
was  the  acknowledged  master,  and  all  other  writers 
liis  servants.  The  epitaph  can  be  explained  in  no 
other  sense." — P.  278. 

I  must  impugn  this  assertion,  I  doubt  if 
it  can  be  even  understood  in  that  sense.  If 
instead  of  "  wit  "  we  had  "  glory  "  or 
"  fame,"  it  would  be  a  different  thing.  An 
author's  wit  dies  with  him  ;  if  anybody  or 
anything  is  to  serve  it,  the  owner  must  be 
living.  Therefore  it  seems  to  me  much 
more  natural  to  think  of  real  art — in  our 
case,  of  that  art  which  up  to  this  day  has 
served  Shakespeare's  genius,  the  theatrical 
one.  By  the  way,  what  have  the  poet's 
fellow-townsmen  to  do  with  the  verse  ? 
It  was  not  they,  but  his  family,  who  had  the 
monument  erected. 

May  I  join  to  this  note  a  question  ?  What 
does  Ben  Jonson  mean  by  the  line 

Thou  art  a  monument  without  a  tomb 
in  the  eulogy  prefixed  to  the  First  Folio 
of  1623?  Is  "without"  here  =  "  though 
not  having,"  or  =  "  outside  "  ?  I  should 
have  expected  "  Thou  hast  a  monument 
Jin  thy  writings]  without  [  =  though  thou 
hast  not]  a  tomb  in  Westminster  Abbey." 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 


SHAKESPEARE  THE  ACTOR. — Varieties  of 
spelling  in  Elizabethan  times  do  not  surprise 
literary  or  historical  students.  But  all 
readers  are  not  literary  or  historical  students  ; 
and  eccentric  theories  have  been  built  upon 
the  supposed  difference  between  Shakspere, 
an  actor  from  Stratford-on-Avon,  and  Shake- 
speare, the  immortal  dramatist.  Such 
theories  are  naturally  judged  beneath  dis- 
cussion in  '  N.  &  Q.'  But  I  may  perhaps  be 
allowed  to  point  out  that  in  the  folio  of 
Ben  Jonson' s  Works,  edited  and  corrected 
by  himself  in  1616,  the  principal  actors  in 
each  play  are  named.  In  '  Every  Man  in 
his  Humour  '  the  list  is  headed  Will  Shake- 
speare ;  in  '  Sejanus  '  the  hyphenated  form 
Will.  Shake-speare  is  given.  This  is  decisive. 

H.  DAVEY. 

SHAKESPEARE  AND  GEOGRAPHY.  —  An 
elaborate  attempt  has  recently  been  made 
to  justify  Shakspere' s  geographical  blunders. 
One  of  the  most  notorious  of  these  is  making 
Milan  a  seaport  ('  Tempest,'  I.  ii.).  It  is 
noteworthy  that  Dryden  and  Davenant, 
when  arranging  '  The  Tempest '  only  fifty 
years  after  Shakspere' s  death,  inserted  a 
few  lines,  and  made  Prospero  relate  that  he 
was  carried  off  through  Savoy,  and  set  on 
board  at  Nice.  Thus  it  was  felt  even  then 
that  the  absurdity  must  be  removed. 

But  even  in  the  present  day  ignorance 
of  geography  is  rampant.  Before  I  went 
to  Burgos  for  the  eclipse  of  the  sun  in  1905, 
I  was  constantly  asked  in  what  country 
Burgos  is  situated  ;  and  astronomers  I  met 
there  had  had  just  the  same  experience. 

In  a  popular  melodrama  I  once  heard 
the  Philippines  confused  with  Cuba ;  and 
in  another,  during  a  scene  supposed  to  take 
place  at  Paris,  a  character  said,  "  Remember 
we  are  not  in  Russia  now,"  and  was  an- 
swered, "  No,  but  we  can  be  to-morrow 
morning."  H.  DAVEY. 

"  ISING-GLASS." — The  earliest  quotation 
for  ising-glass  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  is  dated  1545. 
I  find  a  mention  of  it  twice  in  '  Excerpta 
Antiqua,'  by  J.  Croft,  York,  1796— at  pp.  84 
and  91.  The  former  example  is  :  "  Item, 
one  bag  of  Ising-glass,  35.,"  in  the  "  charges 
of  Sir  John  Nevill,  of  Chevet,  knight,  in 
1528  "  ;  and  again  :  "  Item,  one  pound  of 
Ising-glass,  4s., "  in  the  same  in  1530.  This 
agrees  well  enough  with  the  remark  made  by 
Sir  James  Murray  that  it  is  "  cited  in  Rogers, 
'  Agriculture  and  Prices,'  for  the  years  1527, 
1585,  1601,  1623,  &c.,  but  without  any  in- 
formation as  to  the  name  under  which  it 
is  mentioned."  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


HERETICAL  COSMOGONY. — An  indispens- 
.able  work  of  reference  for  the  Slavonic 
scholar  is  the  erudite  '  History  of  the 
Slavonic  Literatures,'  by  Messrs.  Pypin 
and  Spassovitch.  The  section  on  Bulgarian 
literature  contains  many  strange  details 
of  the  once  widely  spread  Bohumil  heresy, 
with  the  story  of  the  earth  resting  on  two 
gigantic  fish  yoked,  by  direction  of  the 
invisible  Father,  like  oxen  in  a  plough. 
(When  in  Russia  I  heard  of  the  peasants' 
belief  that  the  earth  rests  on  three  whales.) 
Here  is  a  bewildering  catechism,  which  the 
authors  transcribe  from  Prof.  Jagic's  Archiv  : 

Quid  sustinet  ccelum  ? — Terra. 

Quid  sustinet  terrain  ? — Aqua. 

Quid  sustinet  aquam  ? — Petra. 

Quid  sustinet  petram  ? — Quatuor  animalia. 

Quas  sunt  ilia  quatuor  animalia  ? — Lucas,  Marcus, 
Matheus,  Johannes. 

Quid  sustinet  ilia  quatuor  animalia  ? — Ignis. 

Quid  sustinet  ignem  ? — Abissus. 

Quid  sustinet  abissum  ? — Arber,  quse  ab  initio 
posita  est,  ipse  est  Dominus  Jesus  Christus. 

Against  stupidity  the  gods  contend  in  vain, 
a,nd  the  learned  Byzantine  or  Roman 
missionary  must  have  had  a  hard  task  in 
•combating  the  fantastic  tangle  of  Christian 
doctrine  and  muddled  heathen  tradition 
taught  by  the  Bulgarian  priest  Jeremiah 
in  the  tenth  century. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

ST.  THOMAS'S,  CHARTERHOUSE.  —  This 
•church,  which  is  situated  closely  adjacent 
to  Goswell  Road,  has  often,  and  with  much 
reason,  been  spoken  of  as  a  very  uninteresting 
building.  It  has  been  decided  that  it  is 
no  longer  required,  and  in  the  week  ending 
Saturday,  20  June,  it  was  submitted  at 
auction  by  Messrs.  Debenham,  Tewson  &  Co., 
.and  withdrawn  at  11,OOOZ. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

LEGENDS  ABOUT  THE  MOON. — In  The 
Birmingham  Weekly  Post  of  8  August  I  notice 
a  letter,  with  the  above  heading,  signed 
Regina  Miriam  Bloch,  which  seems  to  de- 
serve a  corner  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  : — 

"  The  Red    Indians  asserted  that  a  warrior   on 


am  not  mistaken,  the  Japanese  also,  tell  of  a  hare 
in  the  moon.  This  fabulous  creature  appears  to  be 
the  concoctor  of  the  elixir  vitse,  for  in  a  little 
booklet  of  translated  Chinese  fairy  tales  I  picked 
•up  the  other  day  I  read  the  following  paragraph 
.about  the  hare  :— '  Meanwhile  Wang  Chi  (the  hero 
-of  the  narrative)  was  on  his  way  to  the  moon,  and 
when  he  got  there  he  went  straight  to  the  hut 
where  the  Hare  of  the  Moon  lived,  and  knocked  at 


the  door.  The  hare  was  busy  pounding  the  drugs 
which  make  up  the  elixir  of  life ;  but  he  left  his 
work  and  opened  the  door,  and  invited  Wang  Ch 
to  come  in.  He  was  not  ugly,  his  fur  was  quite 
white  and  soft  and  glossy,  and  he  had  lovely  gentle 
brown  eyes.  The  Hare  of  the  Moon  lives  a 
thousand  years,  as  youjmow,  and  when  he  is  five 
hundred  years  old  he  changes  his  colour  from 
brown  to  white,  and  becomes,  if  possible,  better 
tempered  and  nicer  than  he  was  before.  Probably 
the  peculiar  physical  geography  of  the  moon's 
interior  also  accounts  for  the  superstition  which 
was  current  among  the  ancient  Carthaginians  that 
the  souls  of  the  dead  are  absorbed  into  the  moon." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kermington  Lane. 


({writs. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


HALDANE. — Which  is  the  correct  pro- 
nunciation of  this  surname  ?  I  have  heard 
the  first  syllable  pronounced  as  riming  with 
"  hall  "  as  well  as  with  "  Hal."  According 
to  etymology,  it  should  be  the  latter,  I  think, 
as  the  name,  when  it  was  first  given,  must 
have  designated  a  man  who  had  a  Dane 
for  one  parent.  The  name  is  very  old,  as  it 
occurs  as  early  as  in  '  Beowulf  '  (1.  1069), 
where  a  Danish  king  bears  it  in  the  form  of 
Healfdene.  '  The  Century  Cyclopedia  of 
Names,'  by  Benjamin  E.  Smith,  gives  only 
the  second  pronunciation.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

BRADLAUGH  ON  MONISM  AND  SPINOZA. — 
Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  in  what 
number  of  the  defunct  National  Reformer, 
edited  some  twenty  years  ago  by  Charles 
Bradlaugh,  is  to  be  found  an  article  by 
"  Iconoclast,"  explaining  the  differences 
between  the  philosophical  (atheistic)  Monism 
taught  by  him  and  the  pantheistic  tenets  of 
Benedict  Spinoza  ?  In  a  life  of  Bradlaugh 
issued  by  his  daughter  the  subject  is  only 
imperfectly  dealt  with.  I  feel  deeply  inter- 
ested in  the  subject,  and  should  like  to  be 
enlightened. 

(Madame)  CHRISTINE  AIGUESPARSES. 
2A,  Rue  de  Berlin,  Ixelles,  Brussels. 

SCOTS  GREYS  :  HISTORY  OF  THE  REGI- 
MENT.— Where  can  one  find  the  roster  of 
officers  of  the  Scots  Greys  at  the  time  of  the 
Waterloo  campaign  ?  Is  there  a  history  of 
the  regiment,  or  any  sketches  of  its  history  ? 

JOHN  J.  STEWART. 
Lehigh  University  Library, 

South  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania. 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        uo  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  im 


RUDYARD  KIPLING  ON  SHAKESPEARE. — 
In  '  Munsey's  Magazine,'  December,  1905, 
vol.  xxxiv.  p.  282,  is  the  following  : — 

"  Kipling  has  written  a  charming  essay  describ- 
ing Shakespeare's  methods  in  gaining  information 
similar  to  those  we  know  to  be  his  own."— 'The 
Facts  about  Shakespeare,'  by  John  Corbin. 

What  is  the  title  of  this  essay ;  and  where 
is  it  to  be  found  ?          ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

SILAS  TOLD. — Will  one  of  your  readers 
give  me  some  facts  concerning  the  life  of  this 
interesting  writer  on  prison  life  in  the  eigh- 
teenth century  ?  I  cannot  find  his  name 
in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography.' 
CLEMENT  SHORTER. 

URSULA  WARNER. — In  the  '  Diary '  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Foxe  (Royal  Historical  Society's 
Transactions,  1877,  vol.  v.  p.  58)  there  is  the 
following  entry  : — 

"  1648,  May  26,  my  dear  wife  Arm  Honywoocl  (her 
maiden  name,  and  born  at  Pett,  near  Charing  in 
Kent,  on  Nov.  26,  1588)  died  at  my  Cousin's  Ursula 
Warner,  hir  house  in  Bromley,  whose  body  in  y8 
time  of  ye  rising  in  Kent^was  carried  to  Charing 
and  there  buried." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  who  this 
Ursula  Warner  was  ?  I  have  reason  to  sus- 
pect that  she  was  the  wife  of  John  Warner, 
Bishop  of  Rochester  1637-66,  who  lived  at 
Bromley,  Kent.  His  wife  certainly  was  not 
Bridget,  widow  of  Bp.  Abbot.  See  9  S.  ii. 
87,  155,  433,  476,  512.  E.  L.  W. 

LORD  LAKE. — Lord  Lake  was  created  a 
baron  in  1804  for  his  services  in  the  Maratha 
war.  According  to  the  '  D.N.B.,'  he  chose 
as  a  supporter  to  his  arms  a  grenadier  of 
the  76th  Regiment,  which  served  with 
unique  distinction  under  him  in  that  cam- 
paign. According  to  the  original  grant  of 
arms  in  the  Heralds'  College,  his  supporter 
is  a  grenadier  of  the  80th  Regiment,  of  which 
he  was  colonel.  Can  any  light  be  thrown 
on  the  authority  for  naming  the  former  ? 

R.  S.  CLARKE,  Major. 
Bishop's  Hull,  Taunton. 

RALEIGH'S  HOUSE  AT  BRIXTON. — The 
following  extract  is  from  The  Daily  Mail 
of  5  September,  and  I  should  be  glad  to 
receive  some  further  information  about  the 
old  buildings  which .  are  described  in  it, 
as  I  can  find  no  reference  to  them  in  the 
ordinary  books  dealing  with  London  and 
its  suburbs  : — 

"  The  final  stage  in  the  demolition  of  buildings  on 
Bnxton  Hill,  with  which  tradition  connects"  the 
name  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
has  been  reached.  Ivy  Lodge,  a  red-tiled  house  of 
about  twelve  rooms,  which  stood  at  the  corner  of 
Cornwall  Road,  Brixton  Hill,  and  which,  it  is  said, 


was  used  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  has  been  pulled  down 
during  the  last  few  weeks  to  make  room  for  modern 
buildings.  Local  antiquaries,  however,  assert  that 
the  house  used  by  the  Queen  was  a  cottage  situated 
at  the  back  of  Ivy  Lodge,  which  tumbled  down 
some  years  ago.  But  the  most  interesting  story 
concerning  this  historic  spot  is  that  beneath  Brixton 
Road  there  ran  an  underground  passage  from  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh's  house  to  the  Queen's  cottage.  The 
existence  of  the  passage,  however,  has  long  been 
disputed,  and  during  the  demolition  of  Ivy  Lodge 
a  look-out  was  kept  for  the  entrance,  but  nothing 
was  found.  A  Brixton  resident,  Councillor  Ham- 
blin,  however,  states  that  fifty  years  ago  the  en- 
trance to  the  passage  from  Raleigh's  house  was 
open,  but  that  it  was  subsequently  blocked  up." 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
I  cannot  find  the  following  line  in  any  book 
of  quotations  to  which  I  have  access  : — 

When  tyrants  kiss  'tis  time  to  fear. 
Who  is  the  author,  and  in  what  poem  does 
it  appear  ?  RICHD.  WELFORD. 

Where  can  these  lines  be  found  ? — 

Born  of  butchers,  but  of  bishops  bred 

How  high  his  Highness  holds  his  holy  head. 

They  refer  to  Wolsey,  no  doubt. 

D.  BAYNE. 

COUNTY  HERALDRY. — I  am  making  a  list 
of  the  armorial  bearings  of  the  families  in  the 
county  where  I  live,  and  I  shall  be  glad  if 
any  one  will  indicate  the  limits  of  inclusion. 
Shall  I  include  quartered  arms  when  the 
families  to  whom  they  belong  have  no 
permanent  connexion  with  the  county  ? 
Shall  I  include  arms,  say,  of  benefactors 
commemorated  in  churches,  but  not  belong- 
ing to  the  county  ?  I  do  not  want  to  do 
too  little  or  too  much.  DIEGO. 

NISID  OR  A  AS  A  CHRISTIAN  NAME. — I  find 
the  above  in  a  Norfolk  register  of  1754. 
Is  this  a  fanciful  invention,  or  was  there  a 
character  in  history,  mythology,  or  fiction 
of  this  name  ?  Is  the  name  met  with  else- 
where ?  W.  ROBERTS  CROW. 

CANADIAN  NATURAL  DYES. — I  am  anxious 
to  find  a  book — if  such  is  published — 
reating  of  natural  dyes  and  stains,  obtained 
from  bark,  plants,  roots,  &c. 

I  am  more  especially  interested  in  those 
dyes,  &c.,  to  be  obtained  from  trees  and 
plants  indigenous  in  Canada,  but  probably 
any  treatise  on  the  subject  would  be  of  use. 
[n  a  district  of  French  Canada  where  I  am 
acquainted  with  a  good  many  of  the  peasant 
people  I  am  very  sorry  to  find  many  of  them, 
both  Indians  and  French  Canadians,  making 
use  of  cheap  aniline  dyes  both  in  their 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


weaving  (carpets,  homespuns,  &c.)  and  in 
their  baskets,  and  giving  up  the  more 
durable  and  beautiful  colours  to  be  obtained 
in  the  forests  all  round  them.  I.  B.  G. 

"  DEAR  "  :  "  O  DEAR  NO  !  " — A  certain 
German  lady  whom  I  know,  and  who  is  now 
a  perfect  mistress  of  English,  told  me  some 
time  ago  that  she  once  found  herself  the 
object  of  a  good  deal  of  amusement.  During 
an  animated  discussion  she  noticed  that 
something  had  gone  wrong,  and  a  fair  young 
curate  left  the  room.  It  was  afterwards 
explained  that  in  her  part  of  the  discussion 
with  the  gentleman  she  had  said  more  than 
once,  "  O  no,  dear,"  when,  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  she  thought  she  was  using  the  common 
English  inter jectional  phrase  "  O  dear  no  !  " 

What  is  the  derivation  or  significance  of 
"  dear  "  used  in  this  way  ?  W.  H.  PEET. 

[See  section  C  of  the  article  in  the  '  N.E.D.,'  on 
dear  used  inter jectionally.] 

R.  BELGRAVE  HOPPNER. — This  son  of 
John  Hoppner,  R.A.,  at  one  time  Consul  at 
Venice,  was  living  at  Versailles  in  1873.  I 
am  anxious  to  know  the  date  of  his  death. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

HON.  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  PRESIDENT  OF 
GRENADA,  W.I. — In  The  Scots  Magazine  for 
1809  the  following  appears  in  the  '  Deaths  '; — 

"  August  14.  At  Dundee,  Mrs.  Sarah  Williams, 
of  the  Island  of  Granada,  aged  83,  relict  of  the  Hon. 
Samuel  Williams,  many  years  President  of  that 
island." 

I  should  be  glad  of  information  as  to  the 
period  of  Williams' s  Presidency,  the  date 
of  his  death,  and  any  reference  where  some 
knowledge  of  his  personal  history  may  be 
obtained.  ALEX.  P.  STEVENSON. 

New  Inn  Entry,  Dundee. 

DR.  WILLIAM  GORDON  OF  BRISTOL. — He 
was  the  executor  of  Thomas  Gordon,  whose 
will  was  entered  at  Jamaica  in  1748,  and 
whose  children  were  Susannah,  Anne,  John, 
and  William.  A  William  Gordon  of  Jamaica 
was  the  brother  of  Robert  Gordon  ("  of  Gal- 
loway ")  of  Bristol.  What  is  known  of  these 
Bristol  Gordons  ?  I  know,  of  course,  that 
the  Gordons  of  Auchendolly  and  Wincombe 
Park  were  intimately  connected  with  Bristol ; 
but  Thomas  appears  to  have  come  of  different 
stock.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

PHILIP  II.  OF  POMERANIA. — In  a  curious 
little  book  on  '  Metoposcopia '  by  Samuel 
Fuchs,  "  Cuslino  Pomerani,"  published  at 
Strasburg  in  1615,  there  are  three  very  fine 
little  copperplate  portraits  (engraved,  I 


believe,  by  J.  van  der  Hey  den)  of  Philip  II. 
("Ducis  Stetini  Pomeraniae")  and  two 
noble  youths,  Nicholas  and  Frederick  a 
Bibran.  According  to  Fuchs,  there  were 
plain  indications  in  the  foreheads  and  eyes 
of  these  three  good  «folk  proving  them  to 
be  of  fine  character.  Can  any  one  say  what 
a  trustworthy  historian  has  recorded  of 
them  to  bear  out  this  opinion  ?  And  what 
does  "  Cuslino  Pomerani  "  signify  ?  S.  C. 

FAIRCLOUGH  FAMILY  OF  WESTON,  HERTS. 
— I  should  be  much  obliged  for  any  informa- 
tion about  this  family.  E.  E.  SQUIRES. 

St.  Andrew's  Street,  Hertford. 

PERSIAN  TRANSLATION  BY  SHELLEY. — 
In  The  Sporting  Review  for  October,  1840 
(p.  286),  I  find  the  following  translation  by 
P.  B.  Shelley,  which  does  not  appear  in  the 
Oxford  edition  of  '  Shelley's  Poetical  Works,' 
1905.  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  it  has  been 
overlooked  or  is  unauthenticated. 

A  BLESSED  SPOT. 

From  an  epigram  of  Abulfadhil  recorded  in 

D'Herbelot. 
(An  unpublished  translation  bv 

Percy  Bysshe  Shelley.) 
Hamadan  is  my  native  place, 

And  I  must  say,  in  praise  of  it, 
It  merits,  for  its  ugly  face, 
What  everybody  says  of  it. 

Its  children  equal  its  old  men 

In  vices  and  avidity ; 
And  they  reflect  the  babes  again 

In  exquisite  stupidity ! 

A.  G.  POTTER. 

DR.  BEAUFORD,  RECTOR  OF  CAMELFORD. — 
I  possess  a  copy  of  A.  Cleyer's  '  Specimen 
Medicinse  Sinicse,'  &c.  (Frankfort,  1682),  in 
which  occurs  the  following  MS.  note  : — 

"  I  bought  this  mysterious  Book  at  the  auction  of 
old  Nonjuring  Dr  Beauford's  Books  at  S*  Colomb, 
Novbr,  1721.  The  Dr  was  Rectr  of  Camelford,  &c., 
at  the  Revolution,  and  then  loseing  his  Benefice, 
practis'd  Physk  for  his  Support,  &c  :  and  was  well 
esteem'd,  &c:  His  half  Brothr  was  a  London 
Physic"." 

The  above  may  have  been  written  by  one 
"  Joannes  Turner,"  whose  name  is  written 
on  the  dedication  page.  Is  anything  further 
known  of  Dr.  Beauford  ?  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

St.  Margaret's,  Malvern. 

URLIN  FAMILIES. — Information  is  wanted 
about  families  and  persons  of  the  names  of 
Urlin,  Url(w)in(e),  Urling,  and  Urland. 
The  name  is  found  in  the  early  sixteenth 
century  as  Erlewyn,  and  possibly  persisted 
as  E(a)rling.  The  family  was  settled  in  the 
following  century  at  Upton,  Iver,  Harmonds- 
worth,  West  Drayton,  and  Stoke  Poges, 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         no  s.  x.  OCT.  si,  im. 


with  a  branch  of  the  last  named  at  Odiham  ; 
and  there  were  also  families  of  the  name  at 
Lichfield  and  Woodstock.  Suggestions  as  to 
the  derivation  of  the  name  are  also  wanted. 
Please  reply  direct. 

(Miss)  E.  L.  H.  URLIN. 
The  Grange,  Rustington,  by  Worthing;. 

FROST  PRINTS. — Will  some  collector  of 
these  interesting  records  of  the  Frost  Fairs 
on  the  Thames  inform  me  if  a  print  of  the 
Frost  Fair  of  1739/40  with  the  following 
inscription  exists  ? — 

A  Prospect  of  |  Frost  Fair  |  Drawn  Feby.  11. 
1739.40. 

The  bleak  north-east  from  rough  Tartarian  Shores 
Oer  Europe's  Realms  its  freezing  Rigour  pours, 
Stagnates  the  flowing  Blood  in  Human  veins, 
And  binds  the  Silver  Thames  in  Icy  Chains  : 
Their  usual  courses  Rivulets  refrain, 
And  every  Pond  appears  a  Glassy  Plain. 
Streets  now  appear,  v/here  Water  was  before, 
And  thousands  daily  walk  from  Shore  to  Shore. 

I  am  familiar  with  the  Grace  Collection 
and  Andrews' s  '  Famous  Frosts  and  Frost 
Fairs  '  :  it  is  apparently  not  mentioned  in 
either.  Still  more  remarkable,  it  did  not 
occur  in  the  sale  of  Dr.  Wellesly's  prints 
(Sotheby's,  July,  1853). 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  EDWARD  FAGE. — Who 
were  the  father  and  mother  of  this  distin- 
guished officer  ?  He  died  at  Greenwich, 
2  Sept.,  1809,  having  been  Colonel  Com- 
mandant (1808)  and  Inspector  of  the  Royal 
Carriage  Department,  1803-5.  His  first 
commission,  as  second  lieutenant,  is  dated 
9  Dec.,  1768.  C.  M.  TENISON. 

West  Byfleet. 

THE  MAID  OF  THE  MILL. — This  village 
beauty,  immortalized  in  song,  was  a  real 
personage.  Her  name  was  Mary  Iredale, 
and  her  home  "  The  Black  Horse  Inn," 
to  which  a  water-mill  was  attached,  on  the 
outskirts  of  Baldock  in  Hertfordshire.  She 
married  Henry  Lemard,  and  died  on  26  April, 
1769,  aged  forty- three  ;  but  the  headstone 
to  her  memory,  seen  by  Edward  Fitz Gerald 
in  1857,  has  disappeared. 

I  am  anxious  to  ascertain  whether  any 
authentic  portrait  of  the  Maid  exists.  ] 
have  tried  a  number  of  sources  without 
success.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

MARTIN  LUTHER  PICTURES. — Would  any 
reader  tell  me  where  I  can  find  a  picture 
of  Martin  Luther  ?  —  that  is,  not  a  mere 
portrait.  I  fancy  there  is  one  of  him  before 
the  Diet  of  Worms.  F.  H.  SUCKLING. 

Romsey,  Hants. 


EDWARD  MORRIS,  M.P. — Edward  Morris, 
elected  in  1803  M.P.  for  Newport  (Launces- 

on),  a  seat  long  under  the  control  of  the 
Vtorices  of  Werrington,  dramatist  (see  Brit. 
Mus.  Catalogue),  barrister  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  Master  in  Chancery,  and  son-in-law 
of  the  first  Lord  Erskine,  was  the  fourth  son 
of  Michael  Morris  of  Parliament  Street, 
Westminster,  doctor  of  medicine.  To  which 

f  the  numerous  Morris  families  did  Edward 
and  Michael  belong  ?  M. 


"  OFFICER  OF  THE  PIPE.'1 

(10  S.  x.  188,  297.) 

THE  offices  of  Clerk  and  Comptroller 
of  the  Pipe  were  abolished  from  10  Oct., 
1833,  by  the  Act  3  and  4  William  IV.,  c.  99, 
which  received  the  royal  assent  on  29  August 
n  that  year. 

The  Clerks  of  the  Pipe  from  the  Restoration 
were — 

Sir    Robert    Croke.     Died   February, 

1681. 

1681.     Hugh,  Lord  Clifford. 
1689.     Hon.  (afterwards,  on  his  father's  eleva- 
tion to  the  Dukedom  in  1694,  Lord) 
Robert  Russell. 
1703,  August.     Charles,  Viscount  Newhaven 

(generally  called  Lord  Cheyne.) 
1706,     December.     Sir    John    Cooke.     Died 
March,  1710. 

1710.  April.     William  Farrer. 

1711,  July  11.     Charles,  Viscount  Newhaven, 

reappointed.     Died  May,  1728. 
1728,  May  (granted  in  reversion  June,  1725.) 

Anthony  Cornish.    Died  June,  1728. 
1728,  July.    Henry  Holt  Henley.     Died  May, 

1748. 
1748,  May.     Sir  William  Corbet,  Bt.     Died 

September,  1748. 
1748,    November.     Hon.    Richard    Arundel. 

Died  January,  1758. 
1758,    January.    John   Shelley   (succeeded  to 

baronetcy  September,  1771).     Died 

September,  1783. 
1783,  October.     Lord  William  Bentinck. 

The  Comptrollers  of  the  Pipe  during  the 
same  period  were — 
Brewster. 

John  Potenger.     Died  January,  1734. 
1734.     Henry  Fane.     Died  April,  1739. 
1739.     Horatio    Walpole,    jun.     (the    letter- 
writer,  afterwards  Earl  of  Orford). 

Died  March,  1797. 
1797.     John  Tekell. 

ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


MR.  MACMICHAEL'S  reply  raised  in  my 
mind  another  question,  as  to  the  origin  of 
the  term  "  Pipe  and  green  wax  "  ;  but,  on 
referring  to  '  Tomlins's  Law  Dictionary,' 
dated  1820,  I  found  a  solution  of  my  diffi- 
culty. 

The  Clerk  of  the  Pipe  was  so  called  "  from 
the  shape  of  that  Roll,  which  is  put  together 
like  a  Pipe,"  in  which  he  set  down  the 
accounts  of  debts  due  to  the  King  ;  and  I 
suppose  the  green  wax  (it  would  probably  be 
red  at  the  present  day)  is  merely  the  colour 
of  the  wax  on  which  the  seal  was  imprinted. 
Hie  ET  UBIQTJE. 


MEDITERRANEAN  :  FIRST  USE  OF  THE 
NAME  (10  S.  x.  308). — I  have  not  found 
d<rwpi  in  any  dictionary.  Can  it  be  a 
misprint  for  ao-Trpr?,  "  white,"  in  Modern 
Greek  ? 

According  to  '  A  Greek-English  Dictionary,' 
by  A.  Kyriakides  (Nicosia,  Cyprus,  1892), 
and  '  A  Concise  Dictionary  of  the  English 
and  Modern  Greek  Languages,  as  actually 
Written  and  Spoken,'  by  A.  N.  Jannaris, 
Ph.D.  (English -Greek,  London,  1895),  the 
Modern  Greek  for  "mediterranean"  is 
/xecroye'os.  The  former  gives  07  Meo-oyeios 
(tfaAacrcra),  the  Mediterranean. 

In  '  Neohellenica :  an  Introduction  to 
Modern  Greek,'  by  Prof.  Michael  Constanti- 
nides  and  Major-General  H.  T.  Rogers,  R.E. 
(London,  1892),  is  the  following  example  : — 

Ei/  eret  1571  cu  Kara  -njv  Mecroyetov 
Xpicrrtai/tKcu  Swauets.  .  .  .  aTrereAecrai/ 


ctTT  tcrra)i/. 


"In  the  year  1571  the  Christian  powers  on  the 
Mediterranean  ......  formed  a  league  against  the   in- 

In  the  same  book  (p.  296)  is  the  following  : 
oarov  Kal  cts  TO.  CTrtAcuTra   vrjo-ia  TTJS 


"As  in  the  remaining  islands  in  the  White  Sea 
[Aegaean]." 

Elsewhere  in  the  book  occurs  the  ordinary 
name  Atycuoi/  TreAayos  (pp.  125,  299). 

Smith's  '  Dictionary  '  would  appear  to 
have  taken  that  small  part  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean called  acnrpr)  6d\aaro-a  for  the  whole. 

In  Murray's  '  Handbook  to  the  Mediter- 
ranean,' by  Lieut.-Col.  R.  L.  Playfair,  1881, 
p.  116,  it  is  remarked  that  the  ^Egean  Sea  is 
by  the  Turks  called  the  "White  Sea,"  to 
distinguish  it  from  the  Black  Sea.  The  same 
remark  in  the  same  words  occurs  in  Murray's 
4  Handbook  ----  Greece,'  1872,  p.  324. 

Musurus  Pasha  in  his  translation  of  Dante 
into  Greek  (Modern)  has  a  note  on  '  Paradise,' 


ix.  87  of  his  translation,  in  which  he  speaks 
of  the  length  of  the  Mediterranean  (rj  eKracns 
rfjs  Mecroyeiov).  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

I  think  that  the  writer  of  the  article 
'  Internum  Mare  '  ia.  Smith's  '  Dictionary  of 
Greek  and  Roman  Geography '  must  have 
made  a  mistake  in  saying  that  "  the  Greeks 
of  the  present  day  call  the  Mediterranean  the 
'  White  Sea  '  ('Acrw/oi  $aAacrcra)."  In  the 
first  place,  the  only  name  for  the  Mediter- 
ranean in  Modern  Greek  is  17  /xecroyetos 
#aAacrcra,  as  may  be  seen  from  two  Modern 
Greek  lexicons  published  in  Athens,  one  by 
Byzantius,  published  in  1856,  and  the  other 
by  Pervanoglu,  published  in  1900.  In  these 
dictionaries  there  is  no  hint  of  the  Great 
Sea  being  known  to  the  Greeks  of  the  present 
day  by  any  other  name.  But  perhaps  the 
writer  had  in  his  mind  a  name  used  by 
the  people  in  some  Greek  dialect,  and  not 
recorded  in  a  dictionary  of  the  literary 
language.  Even  so,  I  think  there  must  be 
some  error  in  the  transcription.  For  the 
Modern  Greek  word  for  "  white  "  is  ao-?rpos 
(not  ao-cu/n),  as  may  be  seen  from  the 
Greek  Ducange  and  the  two  lexicons  above 
mentioned. 

From  the  word  acrrrpov,  "white  coin,"  is 
derived  "  asper,"  well  known  in  commerce  as 
the  name  of  a  Turkish  money  of  account. 

A.  L.  MAYHEW. 
Oxford. 

The  following  extract  from  Sir  Edward 
Bunbury's  '  History  of  Ancient  Geography,' 
2nd  ed.,  London,  1883,  vol.  ii.  pp.  678-9, 
will  answer  part  of  MR.  LYNN'S  query  : — 

"  In  one  respect  Solinus  shows  a  marked  approach 
to  a  well-established  point  of  geographical  nomen- 
clature in  later  times  by  the  use  of  the  term  '  medi- 
terranean '  to  designate  the  chain  of  inland  seas 
extending  from  the  Strait  of  the  Columns  to  the 
interior  of  the  Pontus  Euxinus.  He  does  not 
indeed  as  yet  use  it  as  a  proper  name  for  the  great 
inland  sea  so  called  in  modern  times,  which  he  still 
designates  only  as  'nostrum  mare';  but  it  would 
soon  come  to  be  employed  in  that  restricted  and 
definite  sense,  when  once  its  use  was  admitted  as  a 
geographical  term.  The  first  extant  author  who 
employs  it  distinctly  as  a  proper  name  is  Isidorus, 
who  wrote  in  the  seventh  century." 

In  a  note  the  same  writer  quotes  two  cases 
in  which  Solinus  uses  this  adjective — 
cap.  18.  1  (p.  92  of  Mommsen's  edition), 
"  mediterranea  maria,"  and  cap.  23.  14 
_  ,  105),  "  mediterraneis  sinibus,"  adding 
that  Pliny  frequently  uses  the  term,  but 
always  as  meaning  "  inland  "  as  opposed  to 
maritime,"  this  being  the  only  sense  in 
which  the  word  is  employed  by  classical 
authors.  W.  A.  B.  COOLIDGE. 

Am  Sandigenstutz,  Grindelwald. 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         10  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  im 


"  PLANE  SAILING  "  on  "  PLAIN  SAILING  " 
(10  S.  x.  270,  316).— As  a  technical  expres- 
sion "  plane  sailing  "  is  correct,  since  it  is 
the  name  given  to  those  formulae  of  naviga- 
tion which  can  be  established  by  the  use 
of  plane  trigonometry  alone,  as  distinct 
from  those  requiring  spherical  trigonometry. 
Similarly  a  "  plane "  chart,  or  plan,  is  a 
representation  of  so  small  a  portion  of  the 
earth's  surface  that  it  is  considered  as  plane, 
and  not  spherical,  without  appreciable  error. 

"  Plain  sailing  "  is  a  descriptive  expres- 
sion, implying  a  fair  wind  and  no  difficulties 
or  dangers  in  the  way  of  a  straight  course. 

By  "  a  soldier's  wind  "  is  usually  under- 
stood a  wind  so  near  the  beam  that  it  will 
be  a  fair  wind  both  going  and  returning. 

FREDERICK  BALL. 
Storehouse,  Plymouth. 

"  DISDAUNTED  "  (10  S.  x.  328).  —  An 
examination  of  the  Fairborne  monument 
in  a  strong  light  shows  a  fact  which  before 
escaped  my  notice.  The  sculptor  in  his  first 
sketch  (cut  in  very  shallow  letters)  carved 
not  "  dis,"  but  "  un."  In  cutting  the  letters 
to  the  required  depth  he  changed  "  un " 
into  "  dis."  The  inference  seems  to  be 
that  Dryden  saw  the  stone  and  directed 
the  alteration.  He  was  perhaps  tempted 
by  the  alliterative 

Fairborne's  disdaunted  soul  did  undergo. 

JOHN  SARGEAUNT. 

"  AS  THE  FARMER  SOWS  HIS  SEED  "  (10  S.  X. 
169,  217,  273).— It  is  interesting  to  learn 
through  Mr.  NORCROSS  that  the  English- 
speaking  children  in  New  York  play  the  same 
games  as  they  do  here,  using  the  same 
words  and  with  similar  action.  Possibly 
the  first  English  family  in  America  took  the 
game  with  them.  Children  are  not  particular 
as  to  their  rimes,  and  can  make  almost  any- 
thing fit.  As  for  any  of  the  old  games  being 
obsolete,  one  has  only  to  listen  at  the  school- 
yards at  playtime,  or  take  a  turn  in  the  back 
streets,  to  prove  that  this  is  not  the  case, 
though  newer  games  have  to  some  extent 
pushed  aside  the  old.  In  the  same  yard 
you  may  hear  old  and  new  games  going  on 
together.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

NETMAKER'S  CIRCULAR  :  ARTIFICIAL  EYES 
(10  S.  x.  207).— "The  Raven,"  near  Wine 
Office  Court,  concerning  which  P.  M.  inquires, 
occurs  among  Mr.  Hilton  Price's  '  List  of 
Old  Fleet  Street  Signs '  (Archcelog.  Journ., 
Dec.,  1895)  as  the  sign  of  George  Feme, 
seedsman  and  netmaker.  He  dwelt  at 
"  the  original  seed  and  net  warehouse " 


from  1756  to  1764.  But  before  this,  in  1734, 
one  Thomas  Gamble  lived  at  "  The  Black 
Raven," 

"a  seed  shop,  over  against  Water  Lane,  the  only 
Operator  in  Artificial  Eyes,  and  the  only  survivor 
of  the  famous  Mr.  James  Smith,  deceased,  to  whom 

he  communicated  that  secret All   Gentlemen, 

Ladies,  and  others  may  be  furnished  with  all  Sorts 
of  Artificial  Eyes,  exactly  like  the  natural;  they 
having  the  Motion,  Bigness,  and  Colour  exact  to 
the  truly  natural :  He  hath  made  them  for  several 
Persons  so  nicely  that  they  have  worn  them  many 

years his   artificial  Eyes  have  been  sent  for  to 

most  parts  of  Europe  by  Persons  of  the  best  Quality 

and  whereas  he  hath  received  Advice  out  of  the 

Country  that  several  Persons  would  use  them,  but 
they  are  told  that  the  Remaining  Part  of  their  Ball 
must  be  taken  out  first :  This  is  to  satisfy  them  to 
the  contrary,  for  if  they  have  any  Ball  left,  they 
may  wear  it  without  any  Trouble  at  all :  He  like- 
wise maketh  all  Sorts  of  Eyes  for  Wax- Work,  either 
large  or  small  Figures."— $£.  James's  Evening  Post, 
11  June,  1734. 

It  may  be  noted  that  an  interesting  account 
(the  first  and  only  illustrated  one  ever  pub- 
lished) of  the  manufacture  of  artificial  eyes 
occurs  in  Pearson's  Magazine  for  February, 

1897.  J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

SIR  ALEXANDER  BRETT  (10  S.  x.  289).— 
The  late  Rev.  Frederick  Brown  of  Becken- 
ham  took  a  great  interest  in  the  family  of 
Brett,  and  I  have  a  pamphlet  that  he  gave 
me  on  the  branch  settled  at  White  Staunton, 
co.  Som.,  in  which  the  Christian  name 
Alexander  appears  several  times,  but  not 
the  one  SENEX  inquires  about.  Mr.  Brown's 
collections  are  in  the  British  Museum 
Add.  MS.  33412,  and  it  is  quite  possible 
the  information  desired  would  be  found 
therein.  His  collection  of  Somerset  wills 
was  given  to  the  Somerset  Archaeological 
Society  at  Taunton  Castle,  but  it  is  unfor- 
tunately unindexed.  E.  A.  FRY. 
124,  Chancery  Lane. 

REGIMENTAL  MARCHES  (10  S.  x.  167,  312). 
— I  notice  that  SURGEON-GENERAL  MUIR  in 
his  list  of  regimental  tunes  omits  my  regi- 
ment, the  10th,  who  always  marched  past 
to  the  tune  of  '  The  Lincolnshire  Poachers.' 
The  tune  has  words,  and  they  could  be  easily 
sung  on  a  route  march. 

Can  any  one  tell  me  to  what  tune  the  89th 
march    past  ?     I    have    quite    forgotten    it, 
though,  as  I  was  an  ensign  in  that  regiment 
during  the  Mutiny,  I  should  like  to  recall  it. 
O.  H.  STRONG,  Hon.  Lieut. -Col. 

In  connexion  with  SURGEON-GENERAL 
Mum's  brief  note  that  the  march  of  the  Essex 
Regiment  is  an  "  air  named  after  the  regi- 
ment," I  should  like  to  record  that  the 
2nd  Battalion,  formerly  the  56th  Regiment 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  si,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


(the   Pompadours),     have,    or  had,    an    old 
regimental  march    of   their   own,    to   which 
Tommy    Atkins    was    fond    of    humming    a 
refrain  :     "  Pompadour  !    Pompadour  !    The 
Old  Fifty-Sixth  !  "     I  last  heard  it  when  in 
camp  with  them,   some  years  ago,   at  Col- 
chester. G.  YARROW  BALDOCK, 
Major,  late  3rd  V.B.  Essex  Regt., 
formerly  5th  Essex  (Beacontree)  Rifles. 

AUTHORS  or  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.  309).— 

Two  shall  be  born,  &c. 

MR.  HIBGAME  will  find  these  lines  in  a  poem 
entitled  '  Fate,'  by  G.  E.  Edmundson,  which 
appeared  in  The  Saturday  Review  of  18  Jan., 
1908.  ETHEL  M.  TURNER. 

A  SHAKESPEARE  WILL  (10  S.  viii.  486). — 
The  will  of  John  Shakespeare  of  Lapworth 
had  already  been  described  in  my  '  Shake- 
speare's Family,'  1901  (p.  127). 

C.  C.  STOPES. 

BAAL-FIRES:  "BONFIRE"  (10  S.  x.  206, 
251,  315).— MR.  F.  A.  RUSSELL  kindly 
points  out  at  the  last  reference  what  he  sup- 
poses to  be  an  error  in  my  communication 
(ante,  p.  252).  It  was,  however,  quite  in- 
tentional to  refer  "  bonfire  "  to  its  original 
meaning  as  "a  fire  of  bones."  The  ety- 
mology, fully  treated  s.v.  '  Bonfire  '  in  the 
'  N.E.D.,'  and  further  followed,  s.v.  '  Bane- 
fire,'  in  the  '  E.D.D.,'  was  not  in  question, 
and  was  only  referred  to  incidentally.  In 
the  former  "  bonfire  "  is  derived  from  bone 
+fire  =  a  fire  of  bones.  In  1483  the  '  Catho- 
licon  Anglicum '  defined  "  A  Banefyre " 
as  ignis  ossium  ;  and  a  homily  *  De  Festo 
Sancti  Johannis  Baptistse,'  dated  1493, 
said  : — 

"In  worship  of  Saint  Johan  the  people  waked  at 
home,  and  made  three  maner  of  fyres :  one  was 
clene  bones,  and  noo  woode,  and  that  is  called  a 
Bone  Fyre  ;  another  is  clene  woode,  and  no  bones, 
and  that  is  called  a  Wode  Fyre,  for  people  to  sit 
and  wake  therby ;  the  thirde  is  made  of  wode  and 
bones,  and  it  is  callyd  Saynt  Johannys  fyre."- 
Brand,  '  Observations  on  Pop.  Antiq.,'  Ellis,  1900, 
p.  166. 

At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  it  was  the  duty 
of  the  Fraternity  of  Cooks  to  collect  sufficient 
bones  against  the  feast  of  St.  John  Baptist 
for  the  Midsummer  "  bonefire."  Their  ser- 
vices are  recorded  in  the  municipal  accounts 
in  such  entries  as  this  : — 

"Juliil579.  Paid  to  the  cookes  for  mack  ing  on 
the  bone-fyers  on  the  Sandhill  on  Midsommer  even 
and  Sancte  Petters  even,  8,9." 
This  incorporated  company  became  extinct 
about  1692 ;  but,  long  before  that  date, 
wood,  tar-barrels,  and  coals  were  substituted 


as  burning  materials,  their  ancient  name 
of  "  bone  fire "  continuing.  The  Scottish 
form  "  bane  fire  "  is  of  itself  almost  convinc- 
ing. But  there  is  the  further  testimony, 
adduced  by  Sir  J.  A.  H.  Murray,  that,  up 
to  about  the  year  1^800,  bones  for  the  Mid- 
summer fire  continued  to  be  collected  at 
Hawick. 

In  countries  where  other  fuel  is  scarce- 
and  bones  are  plentiful  their  use  continues, 
In  the  States  of  the  River  Plate,  for  instance, 
fires  of  bones  are  made,  with  or  without  the 
admixture  of  other  materials.  The  former 
very  large  export  trade  in  bone  ash  from 
the  Plate  ports,  all  of  it  obtained  by  collect- 
ing the  hearth  sweepings  of  the  country, 
is  a  sufficient  proof  of  the  utility  of  bones- 
for  fuel.  R.  OLIVER  HESLOP. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

[J.  T.  F.  and  H.  P.  L.  also  write  to  the  same  effect 
as  MR.  HESLOP.] 

INFERIOR  CLERGY,  THEIR  APPELLATIONS  : 
"SiR"  (10  S.  ix.  286,  454;  x.  175,  250).— 
A  glance  through  the  pages  of  Weever's 
'  Funeral  Monuments '  is  sufficient  to  estab- 
lish the  fact  that  the  parochial  clergy, 
whether  rectors  or  vicars,  were  very  fre- 
quently styled  "  dominus  "  on  their  tomb- 
stones, which  the  author  in  the  margin 
translates  as  "  Sir."  William  Prene  (vari- 
ously spelt),  who  was  Rector  of  Woolwich 
from  1361  to  1390,  became  Rector  of  Lyminge 
in  the  latter  year,  and  remained  so  until  his 
death  in  1404.  He  was  a  great  benefactor  to 
the  Woolwich  church,  building  a  belfry,  &c.  ; 
and  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  his 
will,  his  body  was  brought  to  Woolwich  for 
interment.  Weever  records  his  monument 
in  the  chancel  as  being  inscribed  "  Dominus 
Will.  Prene,"  &c. 

John  Swetyng  was  Rector  of  Woolwich 
from  1511  until  his  death  in  1 540.  He  signed 
the  renunciation  of  the  Pope's  supremacy, 
and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  1515  he 
witnessed  a  will  of  one  of  his  parishioners, 
leaving  legacies  for  masses  and  the  repair  of 
the  church,  &c.  The  manner  of  his  signature 
to  this  will  is  described  as  "  Sir  John  Swetyng, 
parson,"  indicating  that  he  signed  himself 
"  dominus."  WM.  NORMAN. 

RUSHLIGHTS  (10  S.  x.  27,  76,  93,  135,  154, 
275). — Fond  of  reading  when  a  boy  in  the 
West  of  Ireland  about  seventy  years  ago, 
I  dipped  my  own  rushlights  just  in  the  way 
described  by  M.  N.  (ante,  p.  275),  taking  care 
to  use  fat  free  from  salt,  otherwise  there 
would  be  a  continual  splutter  from  the  flame. 
With  this  aid  in  winter-time  I  read  such 
classics  as  were  then  accessible  :  'Robinson 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  im 


Crusoe,'  *  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  '  Sandford 
&nd  Merton,'  '  Don  Quixote,'  and  others, 
including  the  not  quite  so  suitable  master- 
pieces of  Smollett  and  Fielding. 

A  question  arises.  Rushlights,  as  we  see, 
were  used  in  Galway  and  Westmorland  at  a 
time  when  means  of  communication  were 
extremely  limited.  How,  in  places  so  far 
apart,  is  this  identity  of  fabrication  and  use 
of  the  homely  and  now  superseded  rushlight 
to  be  explained  ?  HENRY  SMYTH. 

Stanmore  Road,  Edgbaston. 

I  do  not  think  rushlights  are  yet  to  be 
numbered  as  things  only  of  the  past. 

A  few  years  ago  I  walked  from  the  Llyfnant 
Valley  to  Plynlimmon,  and,  while  resting  in 
.a  cottage  far  from  anywhere,  found  rushes 
being  collected  and  stored  as  rushlights  for 
the  winter.  Indeed,  not  many  weeks  ago 
I  brought  some  from  another  farm  not  far 
from  Trawsfynydd,  where  they  were  made 
and  stored  for  the  same  purpose.  The  rush 
pith  with  its  coating  of  wax  is  in  appearance 
very  like  a  length  of  macaroni.  I  have  no 
•doubt  rushlights  are  still  in  use  at  this  farm 
.and  many  others.  Lucis. 

MONASTIC  ESTATES  (10  S.  x.  250). — I  know 
of  nothing  to  support  the  statement  to  which 
N.  M.  &  A.  refer,  but  in  the  '  Italian  Relation 
of  England'  (Camden  Soc.,  xxxvii.)  it  is 
said  as  follows  : — 

"When  King  William  the  Bastard  conquered 
England  for  the  crown,  all  the  land  that  was  not 
lit  for  cultivation  was  divided  into  a  number  of 
parts  called  '  military  services,'  giving  and  assigning 
to  each  service,  or,  as  they  were  otherwise  named, 
fee,  b'O  acres  of  land  ;  an  acre  being  about  as  much 
as  two  oxen  can  cultivate  in  a  year.  It  is  computed 
that  there  are  at  present  96,230  of  these  fees  ;  but 
the  English  church  is  in  possession  of  28,015  of 
them ;  the  remainder  are  the  property  of  the 
•crown  or  of  the  barons  of  the  realm,  who,  however, 
pay  acknowledgments  to  the  crown  for  them. 
There  is  not  a  foot  of  land  in  all  England  which  is 
not  held  either  under  the  King  or  the  Church,  and 
many  monasteries  also  pay  acknowledgments  to 
the  King  for  their  possessions  ;  a  great  number  of 
them  having  been  founded  out  of  the  royal  funds, 
by  the  crown,  after  the  conquest  by  King  William." 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ALDERMAN'S  WALK  (10  S.  x.  290). — The 
only  aldermen's  names  one  finds  connected 
with  the  Bishopsgate  -Ward  are  those  of  Sir 
Thomas  Knesworth,  Mayor  in  1505  ;  Sir 
Richard  Pipe  in  1578  ;  Sir  James  Pemberton 
in  1611  ;  Sir  Richard  Gurney  in  1641  ; 
Sir  Joseph  Sheldon  in  1675  ;  Sir  Owen 
Buckingham  in  1704  ;  and  Sir  Samuel 
Pennant  in  1749.  The  naming  of  the 
"  Walk  "  must  have  been  before  1761,  for 
in  that  year's  edition  of  Dodsley's  *  London 


and  its  Environs '  "  Alderman's  Walk  " 
occurs  as  situated  in  Bishopsgate  Street. 
Possibly  it  was  so  named  because  some 
alderman  contrived  it.  Alderman  Parsons' s 
Stairs,  St.  Catherine's,  was  so  named,  accord- 
ing to  the  same  authority,  from  the  ground 
landlord.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

In  a  map  of  the  Ward  of  Bishopsgate 
Street,  1754,  this  passage  is  described  as 
"Dashwood's  Walk."  Sir  William  Dash- 
wood  was  Lord  Mayor  in  1703.  In  Elmes's 
'  Topographical  Dictionary,'  1831,  it  is  said 
to  extend  "  behind  the*  church  into  the 
churchyard."  It  was  then  known  as  Alder- 
man's Walk.  WM.  NORMAN. 

Was  not  Alderman's  Walk  simply  the 
path  leading  to  the  Ward  Room  situated 
in  Bishopsgate  Churchyard,  now  used  as 
the  Parish  Hall  ?  If  so,  as  the  Alderman 
presided  at  Ward  Motes  and  other  Ward 
functions,  it  had  to  be  traversed  by  him, 
and  so  derived  its  name. 

G.  YARROW  BALDOCK. 

HIGH  TREASON  AND  ITS  PUNISHMENT  (10  S. 
x.  229,  314). — In  '  The  New  House  of 

Commons,     July,     1892 Reprinted    from 

The  Times,  1892,'  is  the  following  (p.  251)  :— 

''O'Brien,  James  Francis  Xavier  (A.P.)  b.  1837 

Was  tried  in  1867  for  high  treason,  and  sentenced 

to  be  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered ;  sentence 
commuted  to  penal  servitude  for  life,  subsequently 
released  under  an  amnesty.  M.P.,  South  Mayo 
from  1885." 

See  also  the  similar  lists  of  members  of  the 
House  of  Commons  of  July,  1895,  and 
October,  1900  (where  "  b.  1831").  In  these 
Parliaments  Mr.  O'Brien  sat  for  Cork  City. 

Mr.  Henry  W.  Lucy  in  his  '  Later  Peeps  at 
Parliament,'  1905,  p.  65,  says  of  Mr.  J.  F.  X. 
O'Brien  : — 

"  Having  been  convicted  of  crimenlceice  majestatis, 
he  was,  in  accordance  with  the  statute  of  the  good 
old  days  of  Edward  III.,  ordered  to  be  hanged, 
drawn,  and  quartered." 

If  I  remember  rightly,  it  was  Mr.  O'Brien 
who  brought  in  a  Bill  to  allow  any  Irishman, 
who  desired  to  do  so,  to  put  an  "  O  "  or  a 
"  Mac  "  at  the  beginning  of  his  surname. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

In  venturing  to  break  a  lance  with  so 
eminent  an  authority  as  SIR  HARRY  POLAND 
I  almost  feel,  as  it  were,  like  a  fool  rushing  in 
"where  angels  fear  to  tread";  but  I  make 
so  bold,  nevertheless,  as  to  demur  to  his 
statement  that  the  "  last  sentence  for  high 
treason "  was  in  1848.  In  May,  1867,  the 
Fenian  prisoners  Burke  and  Doran  were 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  si, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


•convicted  at  Dublin  of  high  treason,  an 
sentenced  to  be  "  hanged,  drawn,  an 
quartered,"  though  the  sentence  was  o 
course  not  carried  out.  I  believe  this  wa 
the  last  occasion  on  which  this  phraseology 
provided  by  the  Act  of  1814,  was  utilized 
But  the  last  sentence  for  high  treason  wa 
surely  that  passed  on  "  Col."  Lynch,  wh 
was  sentenced  to  death  in  January,  1903 
but  released  after  twelve  months'  imprison 
ment.  WILLOTJGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

In  reply  to  that  part  of  K.  P.  D.  E.'s 
query  which  refers  to  the  "  forty-five,' 
I  may  say  that  some  of  the  condemned  men 
were  executed  at  Penrith  and  some  a 
Brampton,  as  well  as  those  at  York,  Carlisle 
and  near  London.  In  G.  G.  Mounsey's 
'  Carlisle  in  1745 '  are  lists  of  the  persons 
executed  in  Cumberland  ;  but  the  lists  in 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine  of  the  time  are 
not  in  all  points  reconcilable  with  those 
given  by  Mr.  Mounsey.  U.  V.  W. 

Allow   me   to   refer   K.    P.    D.    E.    to   the 
*  History    of    Crime    in   England,'    by    Luk 
Owen    Pike,    2   vols.,    1876,    where   may   be 
found  many  records  of  capital  punishment 
and  the  mode  of  its  infliction  in  its  old  savage 
form. 

Ainsworth  commences  '  Guy  Fawkes 
with  an  account  of  the  execution  of  two 
seminary  priests  in  the  olden  form  at  Man- 
chester, temp.  1604,  and  concludes  with  a 
description  of  the  execution  of  Fawkes  in 
Old  Palace  Yard,  with  an  illustration  by 
Cruikshank.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

THE  BASTINADO  AS  AN  ENGLISH  MILITARY 
PUNISHMENT  (10  S.  x.  246). — "  Bastinade 
-or  bastinado  "  is  described  in  old  Barclay's 
dictionary  as 

"  the  act  of  beating  with  a  stick  or  cudgel ;  the 
punishment  inflicted  by  the  Turks,  of  beating  the 
soles  of  a  person's  feet  with  a  heavy  piece  of  wood, 
having  a  large  knob  or  round  head  at  the  end." 

I  do  not  believe  the  punishment  was  ever 
inflicted  on  the  soles  of  a  soldier's  feet  out- 
side the  dominions  of  the  Sultan.  As  a  small 
boy  I  often  witnessed  the  administration  of 
"  well-counted  twenty-five  "  strokes  in  the 
Austrian  army,  each  time  in  the  courtyard 
of  the  inn  where  we  happened  to  be  staying. 
'The  victim  was  lying  full  length  on  a  low- 
bench,  and  the  executioner  was  a  corporal, 
armed  with  a  pliable  hazel  stick.  An  old 
Austrian  army  pensioner  told  me  that  in  his 
days,  in  the  fifties,  the  hazel  stick  was 
regularly  worn  by  the  corporal  as  a  sign  of  his 
-office  and  part  of  his  accoutrements,  and 


that  on  march  a  big  drum  was  used  as  a 
substitute  for  a  bench.  The  maximum  per- 
missible number  of  strokes  was  seventy-five, 
but  that  was  always  for  some  very  grave 
offence  ;  twenty-five  could  be  had  for  next 
to  nothing,  as  Yellowblush  would  have  said. 

L.  L.  K. 

THE  NORRISES  OF  MILVERTON  (10  S.  x. 
225,  316). — It  may  interest  COL.  PARRY 
to  have  these  details. 

My  ancestor  John  Norris,  of  Wincle  or 
Winkley  in  Devon,  married  Agnes  Gal- 
hampton,  and  had,  with  others,  two  sons, 
John  and  William.  John  married  Petronell 
Paslew.  William,  always  styled  in  the 
records  of  my  family  "  of  Milverton," 
married  19  May,  1550,  Elizabeth  Baker. 

On  23  Feb.,  1609,  the  register  of  the 
parish  of  Winkley  (or  "  Wincle  "  or  "  Winck- 
leigh ")  shows  that  "  Izot  Noris  sepulta 
erat."  The  Christian  name  is  curious,  and 
very  unusual.  Who  was  she  ?  A  daughter 
of  William  Norris  and  Elizabeth  Baker  ? 
Probably  so,  and  christened  with  a  name 
peculiar  to  the  Bakers,  for  I  never  met  with 
it  in  the  Norris  family. 

Hugh,  who  married  Esther  Watson, 
and  was  the  great-great-great-grandson  of 
John  Norris  (father  of  William  of  Milverton), 
had  two  sons  :  Robert,  who  married  Eliza- 
beth Coster,  and  from  whom  the  Norrises 
of  Rosecraddock  descend ;  and  Henry, 
who  married  Elizabeth  Brookes,  from  whom 
I  descend.  This  Henry's  grandfather  Hugh 
(b.  1611)  purchased  an  estate  at  Hackney, 
Middlesex,  part  of  Lord  Strafford's  forfeited 
estate  on  his  execution  ;  this  now  belongs  to 
me.  My  grandfather,  the  Rev.  H.  Handley 
Norris,  was  Rector  of  South  Hackney,  and 
the  church  there. 

As    a   boy  I    distinctly   remember    seeing 

very  old  hatchment  of  Lord  Strafford's, 
which  was  consigned  to  the  hayloft  over 
he  stables  at  my  grandfather's  house  ! 

The  coat  of  arms  and  crest  which  I  bear 
,vas  granted  to  Hugh  Norris  in  1573  ;  see 
ecords  of  the  College  of  Heralds. 

H.   C.   NORRIS,   Colonel,  M.V.O. 
Army  and  Navy  Club,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

ADDISON'S  MATERNAL  ANCESTRY  (10  S.  x. 
201,  292). — There  are  a  number  of  pages 
n  Henry  Ecroyd  Smith's  '  Annals  of  Smith 
f  Cantley,  Balby,  and  Doncaster  '  devoted 
o  the  Gulston  family.  His  statements 
re,  however,  to  be  accepted  with  some 
aution,  particularly  in  the  earlier  part, 
hough  much  of  his  matter  may  be  useful 

attempting   to  make  a  detailed  pedigree 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  igus. 


of  the  family.  On  p.  51  he  calls  the  wife 
of  Gilbert  Budgell  "  Mary  Ann  "  Gulston,  a 
suggestion  which  may  clear  up  the  apparent 
disagreement  between  Bishop  Gulston' s  will 
and  the  '  D.N.B.'  noted  by  MB.  BELLEWES. 
,  It  seems  strange  that  a  family  numbering 
amongst  its  descendants  such  distinguished 
literary  men  as  Joseph  Addison,  Eustace 
Budgell,  and  John  Laurence,  has  not  received 
more  attention.  I  trust  that,  now  the 
question  has  been  raised,  it  will  not  be 
allowed  to  drop.  The  pedigree  printed  on 
the  pages  quoted  above  might  well  be  com- 
mended to  Dr.  Galton  and  other  students 
of  eugenics.  H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 

East  Boldon,  RS.O.,  co.  Durham. 

William  Goldson  of  Wymondham,  in  his 
will  (undated,  proved  Leicester  1556),  directs 
burial  in  Wymondham  church  or  church- 
yard ;  leaves  money  to  the  mother  church 
at  Lincoln  and  to  the  churches  of  Wymond- 
ham and  Pickwell  ;  and  mentions  his  wife 
Johan,  his  sons  Chade,  Eustace,  Anthony, 
Richard,  Christopher  (?),  and  Thomas, 
and  his  daughters  Mary,  Alice,  and  Judith. 
The  supervisors  are  Richard  Clark,  priest, 
of  Saxby,  and  the  testator's  brothers,  John 
and  Thomas  Goldson. 

Eustace  Goulston  of  Somerby  and  Chadd 
Goulston  of  Wymondham  are  defendants, 
and  Morice  Barkley  plaintiff,  in  a  Chancery 
suit  concerning  the  sale  of  lands  at  Wymond- 
ham, 31  Jan.,  1562/3  (Chancery  Proceedings, 
Series  IT.  b.  22,  No.  2). 

Thomas  Gulson  of  Wymondham,  in  his 
will  dated  3  Jan.,  proved  (Leicester)  3  Feb., 
1577/8,  directs  burial  in  Wymondham 
Church  ;  leaves  money  to  that  church  and 
Lincoln  Cathedral  ;  and  mentions  his  wife 
Elizabeth,  his  eldest  son  William,  his  sons 
Henry,  Humphry,  and  Matthew,  his  youngest 
son  John,  and  his  daughters  Helen,  Bridget, 
Margerie,  Elizabeth,  Johan,  and  Mary. 
His  brother  Matthew  Gulson,  Edward  Roose, 
Thomas  Herd,  and  Richard  Taylor  are  ap- 
pointed trustees.  A.  S.  L. 

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  QUOTATIONS  (10 
S.  x.  127,  270).—!.  The  best  collection  of 
examples  to  illustrate  Antiperistasis  is  given 
in  the  '  Stanford  Dictionary  of  Anglicised 
Words  and  Phrases.' 

5.  '  Quod  reges  Indorum,'  &c.  These  lines 
are  from  Petrus  Angelius's  '  Cynegetica,' 
ii.  288-91.  They  follow  immediately  after 
the  quotatipn  in  17.  Liquantia  should  be 
liquentia,  and  Actum  (as  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 
observes)  Ac  turn.  For  Petro  Angelio  in  my 
reply  on  17  read  Pietro. 


26.  The  passage  meant  is  apparently  this  : 
"  Accedebat,  quod  alter  decimum  iam  prope 
annum  adsiduus  in  oculis  hominum  fuerat, 
quae  res  minus  verendos  magnos  homines- 
ipsa  satietate  facit "  (xxxv.  10,  6).  Livy 
is  speaking  of  Scipio  Africanus  the  younger. 
Matthias  Bernegger  (1582-1640)  in  a  note- 
on  Justinus  i.  9,  where  the  seclusion  of  the- 
Persian  kings  is  mentioned,  quotes  the  pas- 
sage thus  :  "  Continuus  aspectus  minus 
verendos  homines  ipsa  satietate  facit "" 
(p.  45  in  Abraham  Gronovius's  variorum 
edition  of  Justinus,  1760). 

35.  Continet  need  not  be  changed  to 
conterit.  Both  have  MS.  authority,  and,, 
though  Schneidewin  and  Gilbert  adopt  the- 
latter,  continet  must  have  been  in  the  text 
used  by  our  seventeenth-century  writer. 
One  of  the  difficulties  in  dealing  with  the- 
classical  quotations  in  older  English  authors; 
is  that  the  Latin  texts  before  them  differed 
in  so  many  points  from  ours.  Aestu  in  my 
answer  to  22  should  be  cestus. 

Under  11  pulchritudo  mundi  should  be- 
inserted  after  generi,  and  que  after  ordo. 

The  date  of  the  edition  of  Seneca  in  34 
should  be  1902.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Aberystwyth. 

[MR.  R.  PIERPOINT  and  MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT 
also  thanked  for  replies.] 

CLERGY  IN  WIGS  (10  S.  viii.  149,  214  ;  ix. 
497  ;  x.  16,  78,  158).— The  latest  example- 
of  an  English  bishop  wearing  a  wig  given  in 
recent  issues  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  seems  to  be  that 
of  Archbishop  Sumner  in  1856.  The  Athe- 
nceum  of  5  Nov.,  1904,  p.  623,  records  a  case- 
of  Sumner  at  a  levee  in  1857  ;  and  of  Dr.. 
Turton,  Bishop  of  Ely,  at  an  ordination  in 
1861.  U.  J.  D. 

STORY'S  '  V^E  VICTIS  '  (10  S.  ix.  449).— 
Is  your  correspondent  certain  that  he  has. 
the  right  title  ?  In  '  Poems  by  William 
Wetmore  Story,'  published  by  Houghton,. 
Mifflin  &  Co.,  Boston,  1886,  vol."ii.  pp.  177-8,. 
will  be  found  a  poem  called  '  Io  Victis  !  ' 
The  first  two  lines  are  as  follows  : — 

I  sing  the  hymn  of  the  conquered,  who  fell  in  the- 

Battle  of  Life,— 

The  hymn  of  the  wounded,  the  beaten,  \vho  died 
overwhelmed  in  the  strife. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.S. 

LANSDOWNE  PASSAGE,  BERKELEY  STREET- 
(10  S.  x.  249). — MR.  PRESTON  HYTCH  may  be 
referred  to  all  that  is  probably  known  of  the 
history  of  this  footway  in  Peter  Cunningham's 
*  Handbook  of  London '  and  Wheat  ley's 
«  London  Past  and  Present/  in  both  cases 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


s.v.  '  Lansdowne  House.'     Lansdowne  House 
was  built  in  1765-7. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

"  PETERSBURG  "  OR  "  ST.  PETERSBURG  " 
(10  S.  x.  306). — The  Chinese  form  given  by 
G.  M.  H.  P.  is  interesting  as  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  popular  form  "  St.  Petersburg." 
In  Little  Russian,  or  language  of  the  Cos- 
sacks, there  are  two  forms  in  use,  viz., 
"  Sankt  Peterburg "  (without  the  s)  and 
"  Petrograd."  "  Petrograd  "  is  also  used 
by  the  Southern  Slavs,  Servians,  and  Croa- 
tians.  In  Finnish  the  capital  is  called 
"  Pietari."  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

In  the  '  Recueil  des  Traites  et  Conven- 
tions'  by  F.  de  Martens  (published  by  the 
Russian  Foreign  Office),  vol.  ix.  (x.),  I  find 
a  German  document  dated  "  Petersburg," 
20  Aug.,  1710  ;  the  collateral  Russian  trans- 
lation is  dated  "  S.  Peterburch'."  Another 
document  in  French  is  dated  "  St.  Peters- 
bourg,"  21  June,  1726,  and  the  collateral 
Russian  translation  "  Sankt'  peterburk'." 

L.  L.  K. 

Just  home  from  this  capital,  I  observe 
the  editorial  foot-note  reading  :  "  Russians 
officially  write  'St.  Petersburg,'  but  they 
commonly  say  '  Peterburg.'  '  The  first 
rendering  should  have  o  before  the  u,  the 
official  spelling,  I  believe,  being  "  St.  Peters- 
bourg."  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

TOLLGATE  HOUSES  (10  S.  x.  188,  274).— 
The  area  east  and  west  from  Chelmsford 
to  Wokingham,  and  north  and  south  from 
Bishop's  Stortford  to  Tunbridge  Wells,  is 
exhaustively  dealt  with  in  "  Cary's  Survey 
of  the  High  Roads  from  London  to ....  to 

which   is   added The   different   Turnpike 

Gates  shewing  the  Connection  which  one 
trust  has  with  another,"  London,  1790, 
small  quarto.  This  has  a  '  General  Plan 
for  explaining  the  different  Trusts  of  the 
Turnpike  Gates  in  the  Vicinity  of  the 
Metropolis,'  and  also  gives  full  information 
as  to  when  a  ticket  taken  at  Tollgate  A  was 
available  to  "  free  "  Tollgate  B,  &c. 

W.  B.  H. 

"ROUNDHEAD"  (10  ,?S.  ix.  170).— -The 
earliest  employment  of  this  word  as  a  political 
term  which  I  have  yet  traced  is  in  an  affidavit 
made  on  16  June,  1642,  by  Henry  Wills, 
of  Launceston,  charging  John  Escott,  a 
local  alderman  and  Deputy-Herald  for  Devon 
and  Cornwall,  with  having  "  spoken  scan- 
dalous words  against  the  Parliament,"  pre- 


sented  to  the  House  of  Lords  on  23  June, 
and  now  among  its  papers.  In  this  the 
deponent  said 

he    did    heare   John   Escotte voluntarilye    to 

deliuer  theis  words  following  (or  to  the  same  effect) 

vizt that  Mr.  Seldon* was  a    man  that  had 

more  learning  than  a  thousand  round-headed 
Pirns." 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

HANNAH  MARIA  JONES  (10  S.  x.  248,  298).— 
The  mention  of  some  works  attributed  to 
this  lady  reminds  me  of  some  of  an  earlier 
date  which  used  to  range  on  the  single  shelf 
of  books  in  farm-houses  some  sixty  years 
ago.  They  were  read  with  implicit  belief 
by  the  female  members  of  the  family.  Such 
were  '  The  Mysterious  Marriage,'  '  Fatherless 
Fanny,'  '  The  Children  of  the  Abbey,'  and 
'  The  Knight  of  the  White  Banner  :  Henry, 
Earl  of  Moreland  '  (the  last-named  by  Henry 
Brooke,  1706-83).  Upon  this  Charles  Kings- 
ley  tried  his  revising  hand,  and  even  John 
Wesley  admired  the  original  edition. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

SIR  RICHARD  WESTON  :  SOAP-MAKIN  G 
(10  S.  viii.  509  ;  ix.  98).— Although  MR. 
HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL'S  reply  did  not  directly 
answer  my  question,  it  was  the  means  of 
putting  me  on  the  right  track,  and  I  have 
now  all  the  information  I  desire.  Sir  Richard 
Weston's  patent  for  soap-making,  mentioned 
by  MR.  MACMICHAEL  as  having  been  granted 
13  December,  6  Charles  L,  is  not  contained 
in  the  Official  Indexes  published  by  the 
Commissioners  of  Patents,  and  I  have  since 
learnt  that  it  was  accidentally  omitted  from 
the  printed  series  of  letters  patent.  There 
is  a  long  story  about  these  patents,  which 
is  set  out  with  much  detail  in  an  anonymous 
tract  entitled  '  A  Short  and  True  Relation 
concerning  the  Soap  Business,'  published 
in  London  in  1641.  I  may  mention  that 
this  tract  was  handsomely  reproduced  in 
facsimile  by  Messrs.  Lever  Brothers  of  Port 
Sunlight,  as  a  supplement  to  their  monthly 
magazine  Progress,  in  1905.  As  the  magazine 
is  issued  gratuitously,  I  believe  that  Messrs. 
Lever  Brothers  would  send  copies  of  the 
numbers  containing  the  reprint  to  any  of 
your  readers  who  might  think  it  worth  while 
to  apply  for  them. 

There  is  an  entry  in  the  *  Calendar  of  State 
Papers  (Domestic)  for  1639-40,'  p.  193,  as 
follows  : — 

"Petition  of  Sir  Richard  Weston,  of  Sutton,  co. 
Surrey,  to  the  King.  Upon  a  petition  of  Sir  Henry 

Guildford against  petitioner  touching  the  soap 

business." 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 


This  conclusively  proves  that  Sir  Richard 
Weston,  Agriculturalist,  commemorated  in 
the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,'  is  identical  with  the 
person  of  the  same  name  who  obtained 
patents  for  soap-making  in  1631  and  1637. 

R.  B.  P. 

TIGER  FOLK-LORE  AND  POPE  (10  S.  x 
88,  135). — A  superstition  allied  to  that  01 
the  Sumatrans  anent  the  tiger-king  seems 
to  obtain  in  Annam.  There  the  people 
believe  in  the  existence  of  a  gigantic  tiger, 
the  lord  of  mountain  forests,  gentle  oi 
character,  white  in  colour,  and  never  tasting 
human  flesh.  He  inhabits  an  enchanted 
mountain,  whither  all  his  tigrine  subject 
bring  tributes  in  various  animals'  flesh 
(M.  Landes,  '  Notes  sur  les  Mceurs  et  les 
Superstitions  des  Annamites,'  "  Cochinchine 
Francaise  :  Excursions  et  Reconnaissances," 
No.  8,  p.  355,  Saigon,  1881). 

Akin  to  this  is  an  old  opinion  in  China 
that  a  white  tiger  is  to  be  found  only  in  the 
reign  of  a  very  benignant  sovereign  who 
abhors  killing :  hence  the  sycophantic 
reports  from  various  provinces  of  the  appear- 
ance of  such  an  animal  (altogether  twenty- 
seven)  just  in  time  to  popularize  the  Emperor 
Wanti's  usurpation,  A.D.  220  ('  Yuen-kien- 
lui-han,'  1703,  lib.  cdxxix.,  fol.  13). 

Much  as  in  Sumatra,  it  is  held  in  some  parts 
of  India  and  in  Annam  that  the  soul  of 
a  man  killed  by  a  tiger  accompanies  the 
latter,  guides  it  on  its  nightly  prowls  for 
prey,  and  decoys  the  unfortunate  victim 
towards  the  animal  by  false  representations, 
the  cunning  and  wariness  of  old  man-eaters 
being  ascribed  to  this  spiritual  guidance 
(M.  J.  Walhouse,  '  Ghostly  Lights,'  in  Folk- 
lore, December,  1894,  p.  296  ;  Landes, 
I.e.,  p.  356).  According  to  the  Chinese 
'  Imperial  Dictionary  of  Kang-hi,'  1716, 
whenever  a  tiger  kills  a  man,  his  spirit  does 
not  go  away,  but  stays  with  and  serves 
the  carnivore.  It  is  called  chang-kui  (stag- 
gering ghost),  about  which  an  author  states  : 

"  Scarcely  a  man  meets  a  tiger  but  his  garments 
come  off  as  if  spontaneously,  and  put  themselves 
separately  upon  the  ground.  Thus  the  tiger  can 
make  sure  ot  the  complete  nudity  of  the  man,  and 
only  then  will  it  set  about  devouring  him.  But  in 
fact  all  these  manoeuvres  are  the  work  of  a  stagger- 
ing ghost.  So  abjectly  servile  to  a  quadruped  is  it, 
it  ought  to  be  pronounced  the  silliest  of  all  the 
spirits." 

The  '  Yuen-kien-lui-han,'  I.e.,  fol.  26, 
contains  another  Chinese  story  running  thus  : 

"  Chin  Tsiu,  a  resident  of  Tsing-yuen,  was  lead- 
ing a  retired  life  in  his  villa.  One  night,  while  he 
was  sitting  by,  and  looking  through,  a  window  that 
faced  an  extensive  wild  tract,  he  happened  to  hear 
some  unusual  noise.  Turning  round,  he  discovered 


a  woman  riding  a  tiger up  to  the  west  side  of  the 

building,  wherein  a  maid  was  lying  asleep.  Now 
the  woman  was  seen  to  thrust  a  slender  bamboo- 
cane  through  a  fissure  of  the  wall  into  the  servant's 
body.  At  the  same  moment  the  latter  cried  out 
that  her  stomach  ached ;  and  on  her  attempting  to 
go  out,  she  was  seized  by  the  tiger,  from  whose  grip 
she  was  only  rescued  by  the  prompt  succour  ren- 
dered by  her  master,  who  had  been  witnessing  this 
inexplicable  event  from  the  beginning.  It  was 
reported  by  the  villagers  that  the  locality  from 
time  immemorial  had  been  haunted  by  this  evil- 
doer, who  went  under  the  name  of  Ghostly  Tiger 
(Kui-hu)." 

The  same  Chinese  encyclopaedia  abounds 
in  instances  of  tigers  turning  themselves  into 
men,  and  vice  versa,  much  in  conformity 
with  the  European  account  of  werewolves. 

KUMAGUSTJ   MlNAKATA. 

Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

THE  ELEVENTH  COMMANDMENT  (10  S.  viii. 
268,  418,  478). — The  book  to  which  MR.  R.  L. 
MORETON  refers  is  no  doubt  '  L'Undecimo 
Comandamento,'  a  novel  by  Anton  Giulio 
Barrili,  an  English  translation  of  which  I 
read  a  few  years  ago  (New  York,  Gottsberger, 
1885).  The  chief  incident  of  the  story  con- 
cerns an  adventurous  young  lady  who  pays 
a  visit  to  a  semi-religious  community  of 
monks,  habited  as  a  friar,  with  such  disas- 
trous consequences  to  the  peace  of  the 
fraternity  that  they  unanimously  resolve 
bo  break  up  their  order  and  return  to  the 
world  to  fight  the  battle  of  life.  The  moral 
inculcated  is  thus  set  forth  in  chap.  xix.  : — 

"  'The  Eleventh  Commandment' — 'What  do  you 
mean  by  that  ? '  '  Do  not  you  know  ?  Thou  shalt 
remain  amid  thy  fellow-men  :  thou  shalt  live  their 
life  and  love  and  suffer  as  they  do  ;  for  thou  mayest 
not  escape  the  law  and  lot  of  humanity.  This  is 
the  Eleventh  Commandment — it  has  been  revealed 
to  me,'  said  Father  Anacleto." 

N.  W.  HILL. 
New  York. 

"BARRAR"  (10  S.  i.  349,  434,  478,  515).— 
To  the  information  already  given  should  be 
added  the  fact  that  the  word  "  barrie  "  or 
'  baurie  "  is  common  in  Scotland,  mean- 
ng  a  flannel  band  put  round  an  infant  to 
strengthen  the  back  and  to  keep  the  stomach 
varm.  A  similar  garment  worn  by  adults 
s  called  a  "  sweeler."  ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness. 

"PORTIONS":     "PENSIONS"    (10    S.    x. 
310). — A    portion    exists    where    a    benefice 
is  divided  and  held  by  more  than  one  person, 
g.,  Waddesdon  in  Bucks,  which  had  three 
joint  rectors  or  portionaries. 

A  pension  is  a  charge  on  a  benefice  in 
?avour  of  a  person  or  corporation  not  the 
'ncumbent.  C.  J. 


10  s.  x.  OCT.  31,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  Survey  of  London.  By  John  Stow.  Reprinted 
from  the  Text  of  1603,  with  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  C.  L.  Kingsford.  2  vols.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

IT  is  pleasant  to  have  presented  to  us  at  once  what 
seems  to  be  an  accurate  text  of  this  invaluable 
piece  of  London  topography,  and  careful  and  full 
annotations  on  it  by  a  competent  scholar.  Readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  find  these  annotations  rich  in 
suggestions  and  unsolved  riddles  of  all  sorts.  No 
available  source  of  information  seems  to  have  been 
neglected  by  Mr.  Kingsford  in  his  attempt  to  verify 
or  elucidate  Stow's  statements.  We  are  especially 
glad  to  see  in  the  Introduction  an  attempt  to  get 
together  an  account  of  all  the  MSS.  which  belonged 
to  Stow  at  any  period  in  his  career.  The  editor 
does  not  exaggerate  the  services  rendered  to 
English  literature  by  this  indomitable  antiquary. 
The  separate  indexes  of  persons,  places,  and  sub- 
jects are  unusually  good,  but  we  should  be  glad  to 
know  why  index-makers  always  omit  Proclamations 
in  their  list  of  headings.  Proclamations  had  con- 
siderable importance  in  their  day,  and  as  there  is 
no  general  collection  of  them  published,  every 
reference  to  them  should  be  preserved.  Stow  is 
almost  the  only  authority  we  have  for  the  date  of 
some  of  them,  and  his  mention  of  them,  therefore, 
has  a  special  value.  Mr.  Kingsford  notes  carefully 
in  an  Appendix  the  variations  between  the  1603 
edition,  which  he  prints,  and  that  of  1598,  some  of 
them  containing  very  interesting  personal  memo- 
randa. The  Introduction  contains,  in  addition  to 
a  biography  of  Stow  and  an  account  of  the  scope 
of  the  'Survey,'  a  large  number  of  documents 
illustrating  his  life  and  a  number  of  his  dedica- 
tions, &c.  We  must  not  omit  to  pay  a  special 
tribute  to  Mr.  Emery  Walker's  map  of  London 
c.  1600,  showing  the  wards,  &c.,  which  has  been 
drawn  for  this  edition.  The  author  and  publishers 
have  rendered  a  great  service  to  lovers  of  London 
by  this  issue. 

The  Old-Time  Parson.    By  P.  H.  Ditchfield,  F.S.A. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 

INCONTESTABLY  Mr.  Ditchfield  has  the  pen  of  a 
ready  and  rapid  writer.  We  have  hardly  done 
smiling  over  the  eccentricities  of  the  Parish  Clerk 
before  he  invites  us  to  join  in  a  hearty  laugh  over 
the  ways  of  his  master.  We  shall  not  be  doing  him 
an  injustice  if  we  suggest  that  the  object  he  pro- 
poses for  himself  is  to  amuse  his  readers  rather 
than  instruct  them.  Although  the  present  volume 
appears  as  one  of  "  The  Antiquary's  Books,"  the 
author  aims  at  the  role  of  popular  anecdotist  much 
more  than  that  of  serious  antiquary.  He  has  cer- 
tainly been  successful  in  bringing  together  a  large 
number  of  gossiping  stories,  chiefly  modern,  about 
the  clergy,  especially  the  Bishops  (whom  Mr. 
Ditchfield'  includes  among  the  Parsons).  Many 
of  the  stories,  it  must  be  admitted,  are  "chest- 
nuts." We  have  here  that  venerable  jest  about  the 
curate's  egg  which  the  Pan-Anglican  Congress  this 
summer  unanimously  refused  to  listen  to,  when  a 
transatlantic  divine  attempted  to  retell  it.  We 
find  also  Temple's  unsympathizing  response  about 
somebody's  aunt,  and  other  familiar  stories  which 
are  not  always  accurately  told.  We  decline, 


therefore,  to  regard  this  entertaining  volume  as*- 
a  bona  fide  attempt  to  write  the  his'tory  of  the- 
clergy  from  an  antiquarian  point  of  view.  In 
this  respect  it  falls  short  even  of  J.  C.  Jeaffre- 
son's  'Book  about  the  Clergy,'  which  had  some 
vogue  thirty  years  ago.  Mr.  Ditchfield's  definition 
of  "Old-Time"  must  be  rather  peculiar,  as  he 
makes  it  come  down  to  the  end  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  Bishops  Wilberforce,  Stubbs,  Templey 
and  Creighton,  who  figure  largely  in  his  pages,  are 
hardly  Old-Time  Parsons. 

Another  thing  that  strikes  us  is  that  the  selec- 
tion of  typical  clergy  is  not  sufficiently  representa- 
tive. If  amusement  is  to  be  the  chief  object  of  the 
book,  we  ought  not  to  look  in  vain  for  any  notice  of 
such  quaint  and  facetious  preachers  as  Andrewes 
and  Thomas  Adams ;  and  if  we  are  to  take  in  the 
moderns,  surely  Dean  Burgon  deserves  a  place 
among  the  originals.  "  The  Bishop  of  Tuam,  Ire- 
land," is  no  definition  of  a  deceased  prelate  (p.  90) ; 
and  the  saying  attributed  to  Archbishop  Magee 
about  "saving  the  soul  of  a  tomtit"  (p.  81)  was 
really  uttered  by  John  Gregg,  Bishop  of  Cork.  Some 
stories,  again,  are  entirely  pointless.  A  certain 
bishop  once  discovered  in  the  pulpit,  to  his  dismay, 
that  he  had  lost  his  sermon  ;  we  turn  the  page  for 
the  denouement,  and  find  this  impotent  conclu- 
sion :  "  but  there  is  little  doubt  that  he  came 
through  the  ordeal  fairly  well "  (p.  238). 

An  antiquary  should  not  give  us  ostuarius  for 
doorkeeper  (p.  28  \  nor  Robert  as  Langland's 
Christian  name  (p.  27),  nor  ton  as  the  old  English 
form  of  "town  (p.  32),  nor  "sidesman"  as  a 
"corruption"  of  "synod's  man"  (p.  35).  The  date 
and  source  of  the  ancient  plan  of  a  manor  given  at 
p.  19  are  not  indicated  ;  neither  is  it  noted  that 
Archbishop  Harsnett's  epitaph  is  to  be  found  at' 
Chigwell,  Essex.  The  last  line  of  the  book  is  a 
misquotation  of  the  old  saying,  "clerus  Britan- 
nise  stupor  mundi,"  substituting  "gloria"  for 
"  stupor." 

Historical   and  Political  Essays.      By  W.    E.   H. 

Lecky.     (Longmans  &  Co.) 

THE  Preface,  signed  "  Elisabeth  Lecky,"  explains- 
that  the  distinguished  author  did  not  often  distract 
his  attention  from  the  book  he  was  writing  by 
giving  addresses  or  contributing  articles  to  reviews 
or  magazines.  Consequently,  the  number  of  such 
fugitive  writings  from  his  pen  is  small.  But  all 
that  is  given  here  is  in  style,  and  a  certain  deli- 
berate judgment,  so  far  in  advance  of  the  average 
journalism  of  to-day  that  it  amply  deserves  per- 
manent form.  Lecky  nowhere  achieves  brilliance, 
but  there  is  evidence  of  solid  thought  everywhere,, 
and  he  expresses  himself  with  a  neatness  which  is 
refreshing.  It  is  well-considered  work,  somewhat 
academic,  perhaps,  but  none  the  worse  for  that  in 
this  age  of  violent  and  hurried  writing. 

There  are  several  historical  papers,  but  we  prefer 
those  which  deal  with  persons.  '  Carlyle's  Message 
to  his  Age '  is  an  example  of  judicious  summary 
enlightened  by  some  personal  opinions.  It  is  recog- 
nized that  the  Sage  of  Chelsea  wrote  "  much  that  is 
exaggerated,  much  that  is  one-sided,  much  that  is- 
unwise,"  while  his  teaching  was  "a  great  moral 
tonic."  '  Dean  Milman '  is  a  charming  paper,  exhi- 
biting the  essential  broad-mindedness  of  the  man, 
who  suffered  much  for  toleration's  sake.  '  Old-Age 
Pensions '  has  a  vivid  interest  for  thinkers  of  to- 
day, and  Lecky  does  well  in  calling  attention  alike 
to  the  enormous  abuses  of  old  Poor  Law  relief,  and 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  OCT.  31, 


the  vagueness  of  the  Socialism  which  "pervades 
most  working-class  politics."  'Mr.  Henry  Reeve' 
is  possibly  overrated  by  the  author,  but  his  virtues 
are  now  sufficiently  rare  to  deserve  emphasis.  *  The 
Fifteenth  Earl  of  Derby'  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
attractive  paper  of  all,  and  full  of  effective  touches. 
His  many  good  qualities  and  his  limitations  are 
alike  laid  frankly  before  us.  He  planted  in  his  life- 
time about  two  million  of  trees,  and,  without  a  par- 
ticle of  ostentation,  was  among  the  best-read  men 
of  his  day,  as  well  as  the  most  generous  in  disposing 
of  his  time  and  resources. 

The  paper  called  '  Formative  Influences '  is  an 
interesting  study  of  the  men  and  society  who  made 
Lecky  what  he  was.  It  is  both  modest  and 
dignified. 

.  We  lay  the  book  aside  with  the  intention  of 
returning  to  it  at  leisure.  It  deserves  the  fine  type 
which  the  publishers  have  given  to  it. 

Association  for  the  Preservation  of  the  Memorials  of 

the  Dead,  Ireland :  Journal  for  1907.     Vol.  VII. 

Part  I.  Nos.  1  and  2.  (The  Association.) 
THE  membership  of  this  Association  now  stands  at 
184,  an  increase  of  28  as  compared  with  the  numbers 
of  1906.  At  10  S.  viii.  118  we  spoke  9f  "  the  excel- 
lent and  much-needed  work  "  which  is  being  done. 
The  present  parts  fully  maintain  the  repute  of  the 
Association.  There  are  several  illustrations  of 
arms,  effigies,  &c.,  and  interesting  notes  are  added 
to  some  of  the  inscriptions.  Thus  in  Tinnaclash 
graveyard  (co.  Carlow)  the  grave  of  John  Cherry, 
who  died  in  1861,  includes  the  words  :  "The  [black 
sheep]  of  this  [parish]  know  that  I  'm  lying  here, 
they  may  [vote]  as  they  please,  for  they  have  no  one 
to  fear."  The  words  in  brackets  were  obliterated 
to  avoid  offence,  but  were  supplied  by  a  man  of 
ninety-four.  John  Cherry  was  "a  low-set,  hardy 
stump  of  a  man,"  who  "was  disturbed  in  his  mind, 
never  wore  shoes,  and  lived  on  the  bounty  of  his 
countrymen.  Two  records  in  Kilgullane  Church- 
yard commemorate  the  conflagration  caused  by  a 
young  man  who  attempted  to  put  out  a  fire  in  a 
barn,  where  there  was  dancing,  with  a  large  jug  of 
spirits,  which  he  thought  was  water.  Under 
'Monanimy  Churchyard'  Cork,  it  is  noted  that 
"  not  a  vestige  of  the  ancient  church  survives— a 
circumstance,  perhaps,  unprecedented  in  this 
country."  There  are  several  inscriptions  of  pro- 
minent members  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  The 
tomb  of  Tickell  at  Glasnevin  explains  that  "his 
highest  honour  was  that  of  haying  been  the  Friend 
of  Addison."  Lord  Walter  FitzGerald  comments 
on  several  early  inscribed  slabs. 

There  is  a  section  of  *  Notes  and  Queries '  ;  and 
some  Irish  funeral  entries  or  certificates,  from  the 
end  of  the  sixteenth  century,  are  printed  from  a 
manuscript  volume  in  the  British  Museum  (Add 
MS.  4820).  This  is  one  of  a  set  preserved  in  the 
Office  of  Arms,  Dublin  Castle.  The  editor  notes 
that  the  Council  of  the  Association  wished  to  pub- 
lish all  the  Irish  funeral  entries  which  exist  only  in 
manuscript,  but  apparently  the  Ulster  King-of- 
Arms  refused  the  necessary  permission.  We  share 
the  editorial  regret  at  this  decision,  which  seems  to 
us  short-sighted,  to  say  the  least. 

The  Association  prints  its  transactions  in  beauti- 
ful, clear  type,  and  nothing  is  lacking  which 
scholarship  and  energy  can  provide.  A  slight 
perusal  of  the  pages  before  us  will  show  that  its 
labours  are  needed,  not  only  to  read  and  preserve 


the  a/uvdpd  ypa/it/Ltara  of  many  an  inscription,  but 
also  to  awaken  the  sense  of  reverence  and  care  for 
the  records  of  those  who  have  gone  before. 

The  Journal  of  Eugenie  de  Guerin.  Published  with 
the  Consent  of  the  Family.  Translated  with  an 
Introduction  by  William  M.  Lightbody.  (Rout- 
ledge  &  Sons.) 

THIS  is  a  welcome  addition  to  "  The  New  Universal 
Library"  of  Messrs.  Routledge,  which  shows 
remarkable  enterprise  on  the  part  of  the  publishers. 
The  translator's  work  has  been  well  done,  and  his 
Introduction,  read  in  conjunction  with  Matthew 
Arnold's  well-known  essay,  will  give  a  sufficient 
idea  of  the  charming  personality  which  made  this 
simple  little  masterpiece  of  love  arid  devotion. 


EDWARD  YARDLEY.— Mr.  Edward  Yardley,  a 
constant  contributor  to  '  N.  &  Q.,'  chiefly  on  the 
supernatural  and  the  parallel  passages  in  the 
classical  writers  and  the  chief  English  authors,  died 
on  the  14th  inst.  at  the  house  of  his  sisters,  The 
Limes,  3,  Cypress  Road,  South  Norwood,  aged  73. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Edward  Yardley, 
metropolitan  police  magistrate,  nephew  of  Sii* 
William  Yardley,  Chief  Justice  of  Bombay,  and 
first  cousin  of  William  Yardley,  the  cricketer. 
From  1849  to  1852  he  was  at  Harrow  School,  in 
Drury's.  In  1856  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  the 
Middle  Temple,  and  went  the  Oxford  Circuit. 
From  1865  to  the  end  of  1898  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Reform  Club  and  a  regular  reader  in  its  library. 
About  that  date  increasing  years  compelled  him  to 
leave  his  chambers  in  the  Temple  for  Norwood. 

Mr.  Yardley's  works— (1)  'Fantastic  Stories,' 
1864;  (2)  'Melusine,  and  other  Poems,'  1867;  (3) 
'Horace's  Odes,  translated  into  English  Verse,' 
1869;  (4)  '  The  Supernatural  in  Romantic  Fiction,' 
1880 — showed  considerable  imagination  and  poetic 
fancy.  W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

[The  list  of  MR.  YARDLEY'S  contributions  in  the 
General  Index  to  the  Ninth  Series  extends  to  a 
column  and  a  half.] 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre 
spondents  must  observe  tht*  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

A.  C.  H.— Forwarded. 

M.  C.  L.,  New  York  ("  Bonnet-Lairds  ").—  See  9  S. 
x.  328 ;  xi.  133. 


io  s.  x.  OCT.  si,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENAEUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DR\MA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHENAEUM  contains  Articles  on 

THE  PANMURE  PAPERS.  MR.  CHESTERTON  ON  ORTHODOXY. 

THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE  TORIES.  MR.  SHORTER  ON  THE  BRONTES. 

HALFWAY  HOUSE.  MAMMA.  AMABEL  CHANNICE.  LEWIS  RAND.  THE  GHOST 
KINGS.  MISS  CHARITY.  THE  GREEN  PARROT.  OVER  BEMERTON'S  THE 
STORY  OF  ESTHER.  THE  HEART-SMITER.  THE  WOMAN  AND  THE  SWORD. 

TRAVEL.  SCOTCH  HISTORY. 

THE  STORMING  OF  LONDON  AND  THE  THAMES  VALLEY  CAMPAIGN.  FROM  ISLAND 
TO  EMPIRE.  THE  WOMEN  BONAPARTES.  CENTRAL  GOVERNMENT. 

NOTES  FROM  PARIS. 

GARDENING  AND  ELEMENTARY  BOTANY.  RESEARCH  NOTES. 

THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY  OF  BRITISH  ARTISTS.  THE  INSTITUTE  OF  OIL  PAINTERS. 


NEXT  WEEK'S  ATHENJEUM  will  contain  Articles  on 

FRANCIS  GRIBBLE'S  ROUSSEAU  AND  THE  WOMEN  HE  LOVED 

AND 

MISS  J.   T.   STODDART'S  THE  GIRLHOOD  OF  MARY  QUEEN  OF  SCOTS. 


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MR  MURRAY'S  NEW  BOOKS. 


BALDASSARE  CASTIGLIONE, 

THE  PERFECT  COURTIER.  His  Life  and  Letters. 
By  JULIA  CARTWRIGHT  (Mrs.  ADY),  Author  of 
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'Venetian.  Translated,  with  Notes  and  Introduc- 
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361 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  7,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-No.  254. 

NOTES  -.—Poor  Eighteenth  Century  !  361—'  Englands  Par- 
nassus,' 362— Wake,  Ellis,  &c.— "  Away  "  :  Unrecorded 
Use  of  the  Word,  364— "Ga  volt,"  Yiddish  Term— Swift 
and  Suetonius— Sampson  Low— Dr.  Pena— "The  Bonnie 
Cravat,"  Tavern  Sign— Benjamin  Vulliamy,  365— Arthur 
Pits— Parapet,  a  Streeo  Footway— First  English  Bishop 
to  Marry,  366. 

QUERIES  :— Missing  Wesley  Letters— Oxford  Epigram- 
Stammering— Eleanor  Wood— Law  of  Lauriston,  367— 
County  Divisions— Rev.  John  Coxon— Storks  and  Common- 
wealths—Portrait of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots— Authors  of 
Quotations  Wanted— Arabic  Numerals— Special  Juris- 
diction— ' Chesterfield  Burlesqued':  ' The  Horse  Guards ' 
— Guernsey  Lily— Kairwan :  its  Meaning,  368— Sir  Matthew 
de  Renzi— W.  H.  Price=Elizabeth  Rushbrooke— German 
Leather  Bindings— Heraldry  in  Froissart:  "Pillow"— 
Shoreditch  Family— Motto  of  St.  Pancras  Borough  Council 
— "  Bookseller,"  369— Inglis  Pedigree,  370. 

REPLIES :— London  Statues  and  Memorials,  370— "Pres- 
byter Incensatus  "  —  Commodore  Chamberlain  —  Greeks 
and  Nature,  372— St.  Barbara's  Feather— "Piddle"  as  a 
Land  Measure— Arachne  House,  Strand-on-the-Green— 
Salford— Monkeys  stealing  from  a  Pedlar,  373— Proverbs 
and  Popular  Phrases — Hoppner  and  Sir  T.  Frankland's 
Daughters— "  Cadey  "—Classical  Quotations— Jesuits  at 
Mediolanum,  374— Briefs  in  1742—"  Better  an  old  man's 
•darling,"  375— Parliamentary  Applause— Mediterranean— 
"'The  Essex  Serpent"— Death  after  Lying,  376  — Regi- 
mental Marches  —  "  Hastle  "— "  Disdaunted  "  —  Cardinal 
Erskine— Bishops  and  Abbots— Snakes  drinking  Milk— 
Kingsley's  '  Lorraine '— Hampstead  in  Song—"  Wainscot," 
377. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :—' Friedlander's  'Roman  Life  and 
Manners ' — Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

'  The  International  Genealogical  Directory  '—The  Simplified 
Spelling  Society. 

•OBITUARY  :— Mr.  William  Andrews. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


POOR    EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY! 

IT  is  said  that  everybody  is  a  collector  in 
ibhese  days,  and  one  may  add  that  most 
collectors  take  an  intelligent  interest  in  the 
articles  they  collect.  This  large  and  learned 
class  has  a  keen  appetite  for  all  forms  of 
literature  which  deal  with  the  period  that 
•concerns  its  particular  hobby.  Many  of 
the  things  which  the  connoisseur  loves,  and 
loves  rightly — furniture,  pictures,  engravings, 
•china,  and  objects  of  virtu — belong  to  the 
•eighteenth  century.  Consequently  the 
"  bookmaker,"  knowing  that  he  has  a  safe 
and  sure  market  for  his  clumsy  wares,  con- 
tinues to  pour  forth  a  ceaseless  stream  of 
volumes  dealing  with  the  Georgian  era,  and 
during  the  last  six  years  a  mass  of  literature 
has  been  accumulated  that  is  positively  over- 
whelming. 

If  the  majority  of  these  books  showed 
any  trace  of  careful  research,  their  existence 
would  be  tolerable  ;  but  the  great  bulk  are 
"  scissors-and-paste "  compilations,  inter- 
mixed with  hasty  conjecture,  and  are  some- 


times mere  repositories  of  oft  -  repeated 
"  howlers."  Many  of  the  modern  lives  of 
monarchs,  authors,  actors,  and  painters,  and 
monographs  on  famous  beauties,  are  simply 
idle  paraphrases  of  "VValpole,  Selwyn,  and  a 
few  other  familiar  memoirs  of  the  times.  It 
should  be  too  late  in  the  day  for  this  kind 
of  thing,  and  yet  the  present  age  is  far  more 
tolerant  in  the  matter  than  any  other  for 
the  last  hundred  years.  In  the  days  of 
Fraser's  and  the  "old  Edinburgh"  such 
clumsy  presumption  would  have  received 
well-merited  chastisement.  Now,  provided 
we  get  Dutch  hand-made  paper  and  a  few 
half-tone  illustrations,  we  are  content  to 
accept  a  lazy  rechauffe  of  eighteenth-century 
reminiscences  as  if  it  were  critical  and  con- 
scientious work. 

Some  time  ago  I  read  a  review  of  a  pon- 
derous life  of  a  certain  king  of  England,  in 
which,  after  a  detailed  examination  of  the 
work,  it  was  stated  mildly  that  the  author 
had  devoted  only  one  chapter  to  original 
research  ;  and  although  the  reviewer  was 
evidently  aware  that  all  the  rest  had  been 
"  lifted  "  from  contemporary  memoirs,  he 
offered  no  word  of  protest.  Knowing  that 
the  volume  was  a  notorious  example  of  the 
class  of  "  bookmaking  "  against  which  I  am 
venturing  to  protest,  I  looked  for  its  reception 
by  other  newspapers,  and  managed  to  trace 
it  through  several  ;  but  from  none  did  it 
receive  its  deserts.  On  the  contrary,  it  was 
hailed  as  a  piece  of  illuminating  history. 
Will  "  log-rolling "  account  for  this  com- 
placency ?  or  does  the  daily  press  employ 
reviewers  to  notice  historical  books  who  have 
no  knowledge  of  their  subject  ?  A  charming 
style  is  given  to  few  authors  ;  not  every 
one  is  an  adept  at  construction,  or  can  make 
his  characters  appear  men  and  women 
of  flesh  and  blood  ;  but  every  historian  can 
take  pains,  and  it  is  monstrous  that  so  many 
books  are  published,  dealing  with  one  un- 
fortunate period,  which  obviously  have  been 
written  with  no  pains  at  all. 

And  why  should  this  unlucky  era  be 
selected  for  the  perpetration  of  these  absurd- 
ities ?  Partly  because,  as  I  said  before, 
there  is  a  great  public  which  reads  all  works 
upon  the  eighteenth  century  ;  and  partly 
because  the  dunces  who  compile  these  books 
seem  to  imagine  that  the  eighteenth  century 
is  the  easiest  period  of  English  history  which 
they  can  find  to  write  about.  A  greater 
mistake  was  never  made.  It  is  not  the  most 
easy ;  it  is  the  most  difficult  period  of 
English  history.  It  is  the  most  difficult 
because  it  provides  most  material.  One 
cannot  examine  a  single  phase  of  life,  or 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 


study  the  career  of  a  single  personage  o 
any  note,  during  these  hundred  years,  with 
out  being  brought  face  to  face  with  a  mass 
of  documents.  Yet  although  there  is  so 
much  material,  and  although  more  books 
have  been  written  lately  upon  this  perioc 
than  upon  any  other,  it  is  not  too  much  to 
assert  that  during  the  last  ten  years  we  have 
advanced  less  in  our  knowledge  of  it  than 
in  our  knowledge  of  any  other  century 
I  do  not  desire  to  advocate  dryasdust  "  quar- 
rying." One  can  surely  be  industrious  with- 
out being  dull.  Indeed,  I  am  convinced 
that  the  historian  can  make  a  great  advance 
in  his  art  by  studying  the  methods  of  the 
novelist  ;  by  telling  his  story  as  a  real  story, 
in  narrative  form,  without  revealing  the 
wand  of  the  showman  ;  by  paying  due  atten- 
tion to  dramatic  construction  ;  and  by  re- 
suscitating his  characters,  and  making  them 
live  again  as  they  did  actually  live  before. 
Yet  all  this  will  be  no  gain  unless  he  tells  the 
truth  ;  and  one  cannot  tell  the  truth  without 
learning  it,  and  one  cannot  learn  without 
taking  trouble.  This  is  the  whole  ground 
of  my  complaint.  No  proper  pains  have 
been  taken  with  the  great  mass  of  books 
on  the  eighteenth  century  that  have  been 
written  in  late  years,  and  very  few  of  them 
show  any  real  and  conscientious  research. 
Let  the  writers  of  them  examine  the  '  Cata- 
logue of  Prints  and  Drawings  in  the  British 
Museum,'  and  copy  the  methods  of  Mr.  F.  G. 
Stephens  ;  let  them  emulate  Mr.  Warwick 
Wroth' s  '  London  Pleasure  Gardens.'  It  is 
in  this  spirit  that  all  such  work  should  be 
carried  out. 

I  make  this  protest  in  the  interest  of  his- 
torical truth.  Clio  is  a  chaste  deity,  and 
should  be  respected.  To  write  of  bygone 
times  is  to  incur  a  grave  responsibility, 
and  all  works  of  this  class  should  reveal  sober 
thought.  Until  the  modern  craze  for  the 
reproduction  of  old-world  engravings,  and 
for  chatty  monographs  on  old-world  cele- 
brities, no  author  would  have  ventured  to 
essay  such  tasks  without  an  adequate  equip- 
ment. Now  most  historians  are  "  ready- 
made."  If  the  smatterer  is  allowed  to  go 
unchecked,  the  sacrilege  will  affect  other 
periods  of  history.  At  present  it  is  confined 
to  the  social  life  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
and,  with  the  exception  possibly  of  the  age 
of  Pepys,  it  has  spread  to  no  other.  In 
some  respects  even  the  eighteenth  century 
has  escaped  the  full  force  of  the  evil.  So  far 
discretion  has  deterred  the  dunce  from  plung- 
ing into  the  vortex  of  its  politics.  He  writes 
lives  of  Peg  Woffington,  not  of  Brinsley 
Sheridan  ;  he  gives  us  biographies  of  George 


Selwyn,  not  of  William  Pitt.  For  which 
relief  we  should  give  thanks.  Still,  en- 
couraged by  our  complacency,  he  may 
become  more  greatly  daring.  Let  us  there- 
fore be  prepared  for  him. 

Fortunately,  there  are  signs  that  a  long- 
suffering  public  is  getting  tired.  The  con- 
noisseur, who  has  been  patiently  seeking 
for  his  grain  of  wheat  amidst  bushels  of 
chaff,  is  turning  wisely  to  original  authorities,, 
and  leaving  the  modern  man  severely  alone. 
If  the  press  reviewer  and  the  publisher's 
reader  will  sternly  do  their  duty,  we  may 
expect  to  see  the  necessary  reformation, 
and  the  new  literature  dealing  with  the 
eighteenth  century  may  become  worth 
the  paper  on  which  it  is  written.  There  is- 
much  need  for  this  literature,  but  it  must 
be  of  the  right  kind. 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY* 
Fox  Oak,  Hersham,  Surrey. 


'ENGLANDS    PARNASSUS,'    1600, 
(See  10  S.  ix.  341,  401  ;   x.  4,  84,  182,  262.) 

I  GIVE  NOW  a  list  which  completes  the 
information  already  supplied  concerning 
Allot'  s  quotations  from  Sylvester,  and  this- 
list  accounts  for  all  passages  that  are  signed 
with  the  author's  name,  and  several  that  I 
discovered  unsigned,  including  Collier's  finds,. 
but  not  his  errors.  The  statement  i& 
arranged  to  suit  the  order  in  which  the 
passages  occur  in  Grosart's  edition  of  the- 
works  of  Sylvester. 

From  'Eden.' 


'Of  Eden,'  p.    412,  For  Adam  ......  all   the 

meades  ...............        76-91 

'Of  Trees,'  p.  563,  The  shady  groaves  ...... 

arbours  grew  ...............    120-23 

'Of  Eccho,'  p.  574,  Th'  aires  daughter  ...... 

woods  among  ...............      132-5- 

No  heading,  p.   566,    ......  The    sunne,    the 

seasons  stinter          ............          140* 

•Rivers,'    p.    564,    Swift    Gyhon  ......  proud 

Semyranis       ...............      173-5- 

No  heading,  p.  572,  ......  Holy  nectar  ......  ini- 

mortallfare    ...............      244-6- 

No  heading,  p.  567,  Wing-footed  Hermes, 

pursevant  of  Jove    ............    250-51 

Nepenthe,'  p.  574,   ......  Nepenthe  ......  crea- 

ture ells          ...............      252-5- 

Knowledge,'  p.  188,  ......  Our  now  Know- 

ledge ......  butinfusde          .........      292-91 

Idlenesse,'  p.  171,  ......  Idlenesse  ......  to  vice 

ingenious        ...............      312-5- 

Labour,'  p.  190,  [Adams  Labour  ......  night 

and  day  ...............    320-41 

Impossibilities,'  p.  578,  The  firmament  ...... 

too  much        ...............      502-7" 

Seas,  Waters,'  &c.,  p.  550,  Anon  he  stalketh 

......  passing  plankes  ........  .-       ...    530-41 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


'  Seas,  Waters,'  &c.,  p.  552,  ......  Laid  at  ease 

......  Jupiter    ............... 

'Hearbes,'  p.  562,  ......  Through  crooked 

woods  ......  maze        ............ 

'Hearbes,'  p.  562,  There  springs  the  ...... 

wit        .................. 

No  heading,  p.  575,  There  quakes  ......  and 

despight         ............... 

No  heading,  p.  573,  ......  There  the  tree  ......  the 

water    ............        ...        ... 

'Lechery,'  p.  193,  The  tickling  flames  ...... 

pleasure  brittle        ......        ...... 

No  heading,  p.  573,  ......  The  partrich  ......  up 

and  downe      ............... 

No  heading,  p.  574,  ......  We  see  the.  .....  he 

takes     .................. 

'Soule,'  p.  328,  Like  as  two  bellowes  ...... 

never  died      ............... 

From  *  The  Imposture.' 
'Mercie,'  p.  243,  O,  who  shall  shew  ......  true 

repenting        ............... 

No  heading,  p.  572,  ......  0  who  shall  show  ...... 

blisse    .................. 

'  Divell,'  p.  75,  Hells  prince  ......  revolts  and 

lies        .................. 

*  Divell,'  p.  76,  A  subtill  pandar  ......  twinck- 

ling  lights       ............... 

'Divell,'  p.  75,  0  ruthlesse  murderer  ......  to 

mate     .................. 

'Divell,'  p.  76,  As  a  false  lover  ......  battered 

wall      .................. 

'  Adams  Feare,'   p.  441,  At  this  sad  sum- 

mons ......  fault          ............ 

'Of  Adam,'  p.  517,  Thou  seest  no  wheat  ...... 

he  made          ............... 

From  '  The  Furies.' 
No  heading,  p.  571,  .....  .The  hidden  love  ...... 

anticke  broiles         ............ 

No  heading,  p.  572,  ......  The  wolf  e  ......  hath 

growne  .................. 

No   heading,  p.  573,  So,  at  the  sound  ...... 

fowle  consumes        ............ 

'  Hearbes,'  p.  562,  The  sable  Henbane  ...... 

Mandrake       ............... 

'Furies,'  p.  574,  ......  Alecto,  sad  Megera  ...... 

Plutoes  posts  ............... 

'Infernall  Floud,'  p.  565,  ......  He  summoned 

......  Acheron  ............... 

'  Of  Rage,'  p.  507,  As  the  heate  ......  infernall 

stages  .................. 

'  Of  Dearth,'  p.  407,  ......  Dearth  ......  ruthlesse 

sister    .................. 

'Warre,'p.  352,  ......  Warre,  the  mistresse 

......  transmigration  ............ 

'Furie,'p.  125,  ......  Furie  furiously  ......  per- 

nicious .................. 

'  Counsaile,'  p.  38,  A  king  ......  strength  of 

princes  .................. 

'Furie,'  p.  126,  ......  This  fell  Fury  ......  chime- 

raes  vaine       ............... 

'  Impossibilities,'  p.  578  ......  Like  Corvine  ...... 

dunce    ............        ...        ... 

'  Man,'  p.  229,  ......  Man  is  loaden  ......  mastife 

battle    .................. 

'  Of  Sorrow,'  p.  329,  Sorrows  first  leader  ...... 

tofinde  ............... 

'Joye,'   p.   178,  ......  Excessive   Joy  ......  plen- 

teousnesse      ............... 

'Pride,'  p.  288,  The  winged  giant  ......  doth 

hide      .........  ... 


Lines 

550-59 

560-63 

594-611 

624-9 
630-35 

664-7 
678-81 
690-93 
730-41 

16-23 

16-25 

47 

84-5 

238-65 

302-15 

402-19 

590-97 

66-81 
92-103 
106-13 
170-81 
237-41 

246-9 

262-7 

284-303 

304-19 

321-31 

346-9 
350-55 
439-40 
606-11 
660-77 
678-81 

684-5 


Feare,' p.  107, Bloodlesse,  trustlesse 


Lines 


wilfull  need 688-95 

'  Idlenesse,'  p.  171, Drowsie  sloth 

sinfullneed 691-5 

'  Desire,'  p.  68, Desire imagination  ...  696-707 

'Avarice,  p.  14,  Avarice  loftie 

mounts .  708-17 

'Of  Wrath,' p.  374, Boyling  Wrath 

undergrinde 718-31 

'  Of  Lovers,'  p.  444,  Who  beare counted 

are        .    776-81 


'  Of  Lovers,'  p.  444,  Who  with  a  mayden 

voyce behight     

*  Of  Lovers,'  p.  444,  Who  by  false  bargaines 


voyce behight     ~    ...      782-9- 

Lovers,  .         ,  ". 

thrifty     790-93 

From  '  The  Handy-crafts.' 
'  Peace,'  p.  268,  Heavens  sacred  nymph 

welcome  heere         12-17 

'Court,'    p.    53,    Who,  full  of  wealth 

hypocrasse     78-99" 

'Povertie,'  p.  284, Powerfull  Need 

slothfull  sleeper       104-5 

'  Of  an  Horse,' p.  446,  Among  a  hundred 

grassehegest  396-415 

'Of    Deluge,'    p.   411,     Heavens     cristall 

windowes waters  grow          756-65 

From  'The  Ark.' 
'Of   God,'    p.  136,    Our  gracious  God 

measure          84-5 

'Of  Winds,'  p.  413, O  heavens chariot 

lift        344-9 

'Windes,'  p.  564, O  heavens chariot 

lift        344-9 

'  Windes,'  p.  565,  The  ^Eolian  crowde        ...         356 

'Windes,'  p.  565,  0  sacred  olive branch      382-3 

'Windes,'  p.  565,  The  proud  horse water 

want     412-13 

'Murder,'  p.  248,  The  cruell  man at  the 

last       466-7 

'  Rainebow,'  p.  415,  Noah  lookes  up to 

come     486-505 

'Drunken  Man,'  p.  413,  His  head hee 

died      544-55 

'Windes,'  p.  565, Let  the  pearly  morne. 

captivitie 601-3 

'Gluttonie,'  p.  132 0  short flames...    607-17 

'  Gluttonie,'   p.  132,  Like  as  the  must 

secrecy 618-23 

From  '  Babylon.' 

'  Tyrannic,'  p.  342,  It  is  an  hell respects       24-32 

'Confusion  of  Languages,' p.  447,  This  said 

appawling          200-29 

'  Language,  before  Confusion,'  p.  566, Ah ! 

that roare 244-53 

'Language,  before  Confusion,' p.  566,  ...Then 

all behind 282-5 

'  Of  Scaliger,'  p.  566,  Scaliger,  our  ages 

mother     341-9 

'  Hebrew  Tongue,'  p.  567, All  haile 

might  read     420-30 

'  Windes,'  p.  565,  There  natures  story to 

let         431-3 

'  Sleepe,'  p.  319,  Writing  these  later  lines 

Isinke 524-31 

'Of  Homer,'  p.  564,   Sweete-numbred 

Homer 590 

CHAS.  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  iocs. 


WAKE,    ELLIS,    &c. 

THE  following  extracts  have  been  made 
t>y  me  from  a  mutilated  Bible  of  about  the 
year  1639,  containing  also,  as  was  then  usual, 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  and  Sternhold 
and  Hopkins' s  version  of  the  Psalms.  The 
volume  was  given  to  Roger  Wake  by  his 
uncle  John  Wake  in  1692.  In  1730  it 
belonged  to  John  Ellis,  and  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  a  friend  of  mine.  I  have  placed 
the  more  important  entries  under  family 
names.  These  notes  may  be  of  interest  to 
some  of  the  members  of  the  families  of  Wake, 
Ellis,  Fowler,  and  Healey,  and  their  de- 
scendants in  various  female  lines,  in  America 
.as  well  as  in  the  Old  Country.  The  Wakes 
named  here  were,  it  is  not  improbable, 
descendants  of  the  ancient  line  of  which  the 
present  owner  of  Courteen  Hall,  Northamp- 
tonshire, is,  I  believe,  the  representative. 
The  "  Mr.  Neuel  "  who  was  buried  at  Winter- 
ton  in  1716  was  probably  one  of  the  Nevils 
of  Faldingworth,  near  Lincoln — a  race  be- 
lieved to  be  extinct  in  the  male  line  in 
England,  though  one  of  them  is  said  to  have 
settled  in  America. 

October  the  25  Day,  1714,  Mary  Abbey  was  buried 
in  Borton  church. 

1711.  Mr  Solomon  Alboone  died  at  Crowel,  minis- 
ter of  God's  word,  in  December. 

Mr  John  Barnard,  Steward  at  Normanby  Hall, 
departed  this  life  March  the  5th,  1706/7- 

Mary  Burkitt  was  born  December  y*  1st,  1719. 

September  the  3th  \sic]  day,  1711,  Mri  Eylett  was 
buried  in  Borton  church. 

July  the  15th  day,  1698,  my  master  Dauid  ffowler 
the  elder  was  buried  in  Burton  church.  God  rest 
his  soule  in  heauen  :  his  funerall  Sarmon  text  was 
Hebrews  the  11  chapter,  vearse  the  16.  But  now 
they  desire  a  better  countrey,  that  is  an  heauenly 
Jerusalem. 

Parson  Ellis  text  chap.  10.  vers.  12.  June  the  22 
day,  1712.  [A  mark  directs  to  1  Cor.  x.  12.] 

Ann  Elliss,  the  Daughter  of  John  Elliss  and 
Penelope  his  wife,  Departed  this  life  March  the  9th, 
1719/20. 

Francis  Ellis  boarn  October  the  6th  day,  1715. 

Francis,  ye  son  of  John  &  Mary  Ellis,  was  born 
March  ye  7th,  1753,  at  Flixborough,  Lincoln8. 

John  Ellis  his  book,  January  ye  25,  1729/30. 

John  Ellis  his  Book,  1758.    ' 

April  the  3d  day,  1711,  John  Ellis  and  Penelope 
liis  wife  was  maried  in  Gainsborough  church. 

Jno.  Ellis  born  May  15,  Baptiz'd  May  17,  1745. 

August  the  8th  day,  1712,  John  Ellis,  the  son  of 
-John  Ellis  and  Penelope  his  wife,  was  borne. 

Martha,  ye  Daughter  of  John  &  Mary  Ellis,  was 
Born  on  Saturday,  Sepr  ye  13th,  1760. 

Mary,  the  Daughter  of  Jno.  and  Mary  Ellis,  was 
born  October  yc  22,  1750. 

Uriah,  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Ellis,  was  Born 
March-y"  14,  1747,  at  Flixborough,  Lincolnshire. 

John  Trantum  Ellis,  son  of  Fran.  &  Ann  Prudence 
Ellis,  Born  27  Sept.,  1792,  Baptised  at  Christ  Church 
field. 


Francis  &  Ann  Prudence  Ellis  was  Marri'd  the 
7  Day  April,  1782,  at  St.  Mary-le-bone  Church, 
London. 

The  above  Ann  Prudence  was  Born  April  15, 
1755,  Daughter  of  Edward  &  Sarah  Preston  :  Trinity 
Lane,  Cheap  side,  London. 

Uriah,  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Ellis,  Departed 
this  Life  SepT  ye  10th,  1750. 

W™  Ellis  Baptiz'd  Ocf  ye  18,  1746. 

Nouember  the  6th  day,  1704,  William  Graling 
was  Borne  att  Amcoates,  the  son  of  John  Graling 
and  Sarah  his  wife. 

May  the  14  day,  1698,  Mr.  Chearles  Healay  was 
Buried  att  Frodingham  Church. 

November  the  25  day,  1703,  John  Healing  and 
Sarah  Wake  were  maried  at  Althorp. 

November,  24  day,  1710,  George  Jackes  dyed. 
God  send  his  soule  good  rest  in  Heauen. 

June,  11  day,  1710,  George  Jackes  and  Penelope 
Wake  were  maried  in  Borton  church. 

Mrs  John  King,    funeral   sermon,   text  4   chap, 
vers.  9.    [Seems  to  refer  to  Philippians  iv.  9-1 
"Mr  John  Neuel  was  buried  1706,  the  13  day,  att 
Winterton. 

Mr  John  Page  came  to  be  borton  clarke  ffeb- 
ruary  the  29th  day,  1704. 

1705.  The  35  Psalme  was  set  forth  in  burton 
church  January  the  28th  day,  by  John  Page  clarke. 

March  the  19th  day,  1675,  Thomas  Lowther  was 
Buried  in  Borton  church. 

ffebruary  the  18th  day,  Mr  John  Taylor  my 
master,  Steward  of  Normanby  Hall,  was  Buried  in 
Burton  Chanchel,  1701/2.  His  funerall  sarman  Mr 
hargraue  did  preach.  Psalme  the  cxij.  verse  the  6. 

September  the  5  day  Elizabeth  Wake  was  Buried 
at  Hiberstow  [Hibaldstow]  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1681. 

Jane  Wake  departed]  this  Life  August  the  12th, 

John  Wake  was  Buried  att  Winteringham  May 
the  4  day  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  1692. 

Micaiah  Wake,  the  son  of  John  Wake  and  Elize- 
beth  Wake  his  wife,  was  buried  July  the  15th  day 
in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  1680. 

Micaiah  Wake,  the  son  of  Roger  Wake  and  Jane 
his  wife,  was  borne  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  God, 
being  in  the  Month  of  Nouember,  1680. 
Micaiah  Wake  Book, 
God  giue  him  grace  on  it  to  looke, 
And  when  the  bell  for  him  doth  toule 
Swete  Jesus  Christ  receiue  his  soule. 
Penelope  Wake  was  borne  in  the  yeare  of  our 
Lord  God,  being  in  January,  1684. 

Roger  Wake  and  Jane  Wake  his  wife  was  mared 
the  24th  day  of  May,  1672. 

Roger  Wake  Book  of  Burton  vpon  Stather  in 
Lincolneshir,  1692.  He  was  borne  in  the  yeare  of 
our  lord  Anno  Do.  1644. 

Roger  Wake  Booke  1705.    Jane  Wake  his  wife. 
Sarah  Wake  was  borne  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord 
r'od,  being  in  August,  1674. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

"  AWAY  "  :     UNRECORDED    USE    OF    THE 

WORD. — There  is  a  peculiar  use  of  the  word 

away,  not  as  yet  recorded  in  the  '  N.E.D.,' 

but    which    should    be    duly    entered    under 

Well." 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


The  phrase  wel  awey,  meaning  "  very  much, 
considerably,"  is  noted  in  my  '  Glossary 
to  P.  Plowman.'  There  is  another  good 
example  in  Chaucer,  *  Rom.  Rose,'  119  : — 

But  it  was  straighter  wel  away. 
The  French  line  is 

Mes  qu'ele  iere  plus  espandue, 
i.e.,   it  was  considerably  more  extended  or 
stretched  out.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"  GA  VOLT,"  YIDDISH  TERM. — In  describ- 
ing the  inquest  on  Esther  Praager,  the  victim 
of  the  Bloomsbury  tragedy,  all  the  papers, 
I  notice,  including  The  Times,  speak  of  the 
cry  "  Ga  volt "  as  "  Hebrew."  It  would 
have  been  more  accurate  to  call  it  Yiddish, 
as  it  is  not  Hebrew  at  all,  but  is  merely 
the  ordinary  German  word  Gewalt,  which 
in  this  case  means  "  distress,"  and  is  an 
appeal  for  help.  Yiddish  is  a  mixture  of 
Hebrew  and  German. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

SWIFT  AND  SUETONIUS. — I  wonder  if  any 
one  has  pointed  out  the  source  from  which 
Swift  drew  what  seems  at  first  sight  a  highly 
characteristic  passage  in  'Gulliver's Travels.' 
It  is  where  he  says  that  in  Lilliput,  whenever 
"  the  Court  had  decreed  any  cruel  execu- 
tion," the  emperor  always  made  a  speech 
praising  up  his  own  "  great  lenity  and  tender- 
ness." He  goes  on  to  say  : — 

"  Nor  did  anything  terrify  the  people  so  much 
as  these  encomiums  on  his  majesty's  mercy ;  because 
it  was  observed,  that  the  more  these  praises  were 
enlarged  and  insisted  on,  the  more  inhuman  was 
the  punishment,  and  the  sufferer  more  innocent." — 
'  A  Voyage  to  Lilliput,'  chap.  vii. 

This    is    taken    from    Suetonius' s    *  Life    of 
Domitian  '  : — 

"  He  never  pronounced  a  severe  sentence  without 
prefacing  it  with  words  which  gave  hopes  of  mercy ; 
so  that,  at  last,  there  was  not  a  more  certain  token 
of  a  fatal  conclusion  than  a  mild  commencement." 
—Chap.  xi. 

J.  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick. 

SAMPSON  Low  — The  first  Sampson  Low 
was  apparently  a  printer  as  well  as  a  book- 
seller. The  catalogue  of  valuable  pictures, 
to  be  sold  "  by  private  contract  "  at  Mr. 
Bryan's  Gallery  in  Savile  Row,  on  Monday 
27  April,  1795,  and  following  days,  was 
"  printed  by  S.  Low,  Berwick  Street,  Soho." 

W.  ROBERTS. 

DR.  PENA. — In  the  essay  *  Of  Prophecies 
Bacon  tells  a  story  which  he  heard  "  from 
one  Dr.  Pena  "  when  he  was  in  France.    The 
commentators    are     silent    on     the    identity 
of  this  man.     I  suggest  that  he  may  have 


3een  Pierre  Pena,  the  botanist.  The  better- 
mown  botanist  Lobel  was  physician  to 
William  of  Orange.  Some  time  after  the 
death  of  William  (who  was  murdered  in 
1584),  Lobel  settled  in  England.  In  1592 
he  attended  his  patrtm  Lord  Zouch  on  an 
embassy  to  Denmark.  James  I.  made  him 
"  King's  Botanist,"  and  he  died  at  Highgate 
n  1616. 

It  was  when  studying  medicine  at  Mont- 
pellier  that  Lobel  met  Pena.  The  two 
collaborated  for  years.  Their  first  joint 
work,  the  '  Stirpium  Adversaria  Nova,'  was 
published  in  London  in  1570,  and  dedicated 
bo  Queen  Elizabeth.  I  cannot  say  whether 
Pena  was  ever  in  England,  but  his  relations 
with  Englishmen  render  it  possible  that  he 
knew  some  members  of  the  embassy  to- 
France  with  which  Bacon  was  connected! 
from  September,  1576,  to  February,  1579, 
and  that  a  youth  who  had  taken  all  know- 
ledge to  be  his  province  would  make  the 
acquaintance  of  one  of  the  leaders  in  a  depart- 
ment of  knowledge  which  interested  him 
specially. 

I  shall  be  glad  if  my  suggested  identification 
can  be  proved  right — or  wrong. 

DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea. 

"  THE  BONNIE  CRAVAT,"  TAVERN  SIGN 
(See  7  S.  ii.  28,  98.) — May  not  the  origin  of 
this  be  accounted  for  in  the  following  manner?" 
Hasted's  '  Kent,'  vol.  vii.  p.  235,  states  that 
"  Phebe  Goble  of  Woodchurch,  by  will  in  1692r 
gave  to  the  poor  £2  per  annum,  to  be  paid  by  her 
heirs  for  ever,  out  of  a  farm  called  the  Bonny 
Cravat,  in  Woodchurch  (now  an  ale-house),  the  first 
Sunday  after  Lady  Day." 

In  Arch.  Cant.,  vol.  xxv.  p.  286,  I  notice 
a  deed  of  covenant,  1662,  wherein  the  follow- 
ing holdings  are  named  :  "  The  Roundhouse 
Carvett,"  or  the  "  Walke  Carvett,"  "  The 
Vault  Carvett,"  "  Claypitt  Carvett," 
"  Browning  Downe  Carvett,"  and  "  Maga* 
Dane  Carvett." 

On  reference  to  Pegge's  '  Alphabet  of 
Kenticisms  '  (Arch.  Cant.,  vol.  ix.  p.  69)  I 
find  "  Carvet,  sb.,  a  shave.  So  called  about 
Limme.  (N.B.  A  shave  is  a  shaw  or  thick 
hedge-row.  Halliwell  gives  Carvett,  a  thick 
hedge-row,  Kent.)"  Carvett  might  easily 
become  Cravat.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate,  Kent. 

BENJAMIN  VULLIAMY.  (See  ante,  p.  221.) 
— The  Mr.  Vulliamy  who  designed  and  exe- 
cuted the  superb  addition  of  a  crown  and 
sceptre  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Darner's  statue  of 
George  III.,  exhibited  at  the  Rotunda  in 
1793,  was  Benjamin  Vulliamy,  the  eminent 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  ira. 


•clockmaker  of  Pall  Mall,  the  father  of  Lewis 
Vulliamy  the  distinguished  architect,  and 
grandfather  of  George  J.  Vulliamy,  Super- 
intending Architect  of  Metropolitan  Buildings. 

Benjamin  Vulliamy,  who  was  a  man  of 
•considerable  artistic  taste,  designed  articles 
of  furniture  in  metalwork,  such  as  cande- 
labra, chandeliers,  &c.  ;  and  among  others 
a  magnificent  brass  chandelier  for  Windsor 
Castle,  which  was  engraved. 

Another  Benjamin  Vulliamy,  son  of  the 
preceding,  and  father  of  George  John 
Vulliamy,  presented  Lord  Brougham  in 
1850  with  a  timepiece  with  the  inscrip- 
tion "  Viro  honoratissimo  Henrico  Baroni 
de  Brougham  et  Vaux."  It  is  preserved 
at  Brougham,  near  Penrith,  the  seat  of 
the  family,  and  is  described  in  The  World  of 
•20  Jan.,  1892,  in  No.  DCCXVI  of  '  Celebrities 
at  Home :  Lord  Brougham  and  Vaux  at 
Brougham.'  The  timepiece  is  said  never 
to  lose  or  gain  a  minute,  which  is  not  high 
praise,  for  ordinary  clocks  nowadays  do  not 
vary  more  than  one-tenth  of  a  second. 

JOHN  HEBB. 

ARTHUR  PITS.— The  '  D.N.B.,'  xlv.  339, 
says  :  "  On  6  Feb.,  1582,  he  was  seized  with 
George  Haydock  and  another  priest  while 
dining  together ....  The  three  were  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower."  The  date  is  correct 
according  to  the  '  Concertatio  Ecclesise '  ; 
but  if  the  Tower  bill  for  Lady  Day,  1582,  is 
to  be  trusted,  he  was  arrested  on  Sunday 
the  4th.  Geo.  Haydock  had  been  arrested 
earlier  in  the  day.  The  person  arrested  with 
Pits  was  William  Jenneson,  a  law-student. 
The  three  were  committed  to  Newgate,  where 
Jenneson  remained  till  he  was  liberated  in  the 
following  September.  The  two  priests  were 
sent  to  the  Tower  the  next  day.  Pits  went 
on  board  the  Mary  Martin  of  Colchester,  with 
nineteen  (not  twenty)  other  priests  and  one 
layman  (Henry  Orton),  21  Jan.,  1584/5  ; 
and  was  landed  at  Boulogne  2  Feb.  (see 
Holinshed's  '  Chronicle,'  iv.  555-6). 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

PARAPET,  A  STREET  FOOTWAY. — In  Lanca- 
shire "  parapet  "  is  the  word  generally  used 
for  a  street  footway,  or  what  the  Americans 
call  a  "  side-walk  "  ;  but  in  that  meaning 
it  is  unknown — I  think — in  nearly  all  the 
rest  of  England.  Had  the  same  word  in 
French  this  meaning  at  any  time  ? 

In  "  Recueil  des  Villes  Ports  d'Angleterre 
Tire  des  Grands  Plans  de  Rocque  et  du 
Portuland  de  1'Angleterre  du  Sr  Belin.  A 
Paris,  Chez  le  Sr  Desnos,"  1766,  is  a  'Table 
du  Plan  de  Londres.'  Following  the  alpha- 


betical Index  contained  in  this  "  Table " 
is  a  short  description  of  London,  which 
mentions 

"  un  gr.  nombre  de  belles  et  gr.  places  et  des  rues 
tres-larges  avec  de  beaux   parapets  qui    sont   de 
chaque  cote." 
Apparently  these  "  parapets  "  were  footways. 

The  *  Recueil '  appears  to  be  the  third  part 
of  "  Nouvel  Atlas  d'Angleterre. . . .  A  Paris 
Chez  le  Sieur  Desnos  Ingenieur  Geographe 
pour  les  Globes  et  Spheres,'  1767. 

J.  P.  Malcolm  in  his  '  Anecdotes  of  the 
Manners  and  Customs  of  London  during 
the  Eighteenth  Century,'  2nd  ed.,  1810, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  395-7,  quotes  an  "  intimation  " 
by  the  Commissioners  for  paving  the  squares, 
streets,  and  lanes  of  Westminster  issued  in 
March,  1763.  It  has  to  do  with  the  new 
paving  of  Parliament  Street,  Charing  Cross, 
Cockspur  Street,  and  Pall  Mall.  The  fifth 
"  Proposal  "  is  as  follows  : — 

"  For  paving  the  footways  of  the  said  streets  with 
the  best  Purbeck  pavement,  and  a  curb  of  Purbeck 
or  Moor  stone  twelve  inches  broad,  and  seven 
inches  thick,  leveling  the  ground,  finding  all  mate- 
rials and  workmanship,  according  to  such  levels 
and  such  dimensions  as  shall  be  directed  and 
appointed  by  the  Surveyor,  and  under  his  inspec- 
tion, as  the  said  Act  directs  ;  as  likewise  for  re-lay- 
ing such  part  of  the  old  footways  as  shall  be  directed 
by  the  Surveyor." 

The  larger  part  of  this  "  intimation  "  con- 
cerns the  carriage-way  of  the  said  streets. 
The  "  Note  "  gives  the  quantities,  &c.,  in 
which  presumably  are  included  the  stones 
for  the  footways.  The  material  for  the  car- 
riage-way was  to  be  "  Edinburgh  stones,  or 
stones  of  a  like  quality." 

The  stones,  apparently  including  the  stones 
for  the  footways,  were  to  be  delivered  "  in 
one  year  from  the  3d  of  May,  1763,  to  the 
3d  of  May,  1764,"  in  stated  quantities  in 
stated  months,  April,  1764,  being  the  last. 

The  sixth  "  Proposal "  is  as  follows: — 

"  Persons  willing  to  contract  may  make  their 
Proposals  for  the  whole,  or  any  part,  of  the  said 
works  ;  and  for  keeping  the  same  in  repair  for  the 
term  of  ten  years  ;  the  said  works  being  to  be  com- 
pleted within  one  year  from  the  3d  of  May  next." 

This,  if  carried  out,  would  mean  that  there 
were  improved  footways  in  Parliament 
Street,  &c.,  about  two  years  before  the 
'  Recueil  des  Villes,'  &c.,  was  published. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

FIRST  ENGLISH  BISHOP  TO  MARRY. — The 
following  extract  from  The  Newcastle  Chronicle 
of  30  Aug.,  1858  (reprinted  in  The  Newcastle 
Weekly  Chronicle  of  5  Sept.,  1908),  seems 
worthy  a  corner  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  : — 

"  In  the  ancient  church  of  Simonburn  lie  many 
generations  of  Allgoods,  and  more  of  the  old 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


Northumbrian  family  of  Ridley,  to  which  Bishop 
Ridley,  the  martyr,  belonged.  Here  may  also  be 
.seen  a  tomb  with  the  following  truly  episcopal 
inscription  : — 

Here  lies  the  body  of  Annabella  Scott, 
Who  departed  this  life,    Jan.  28th,  1779,  aged 

73  years. 
.She  was  mother  to  James  Scott,  D.D.,  Rector  of 

the  Parish, 
And  granddaughter  of  Tobias  Wickham,  Dean  of 

York ; 
The    grandson    of   William    Wickham,   Bishop  of 

Winchester ; 

Who    married   Antonina    Barlow,    one    of   the   5 

daughters  of  William  Barlow,  Bishop  of  Chester. 

All  of  whom  were  married  to  Bishops,  viz.— 

One  to  Tobias,  Archbishop  of  York, 

Another  to  Wickham,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

A  third  to  Overtoil,  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lich- 

tield, 

A  fourth  to  Westphaling,  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
And  a  fifth  to  Day,  Bishop  of  Chichester. 

It  is  remarkable  that 

William  Barlow  was  the  first  English  Bishop  that 
ever  married." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
•39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  name's  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


JOHN  WESLEY  :  MISSING  LETTERS. — 
Between  1  June,  1765,  and  17  Nov.,  1769, 
John  Wesley  wrote  30  letters  to  one  Mar- 
garet Dale,  second  daughter  of  Edward  Dale 
of  Tunstall  in  co. Durham.  Of  the  30  letters, 
17  (two  being  copies  of  the  originals)  were 
in  the  possession  of  Thos.  Dale,  Dean  of 
Rochester,  who  died  in  1870 ;  and  16  of 
these  will  be  found  printed  in  the  life  of  his 
son,  Thomas  Pelham  Dale,  published  by 
George  Allen,  1894.  The  remaining  letter, 
the  existence  of  which  was  not  known  when 
the  above-mentioned  work  was  published, 
will  be  found  in  a  privately  printed  periodical 
called  The  Family  News  (see  British  Museum 
Catalogue  of  Periodicals  under  Northwood). 

What  became  of  the  other  letters  ?  Mar- 
garet Dale  married  Edward  Avison  in  March, 
1773,  and  died  s.p.  Nov.,  1777,  aged  33. 
Her  only  brother  Edward  married  and  left 
a  numerous  family,  all  of  whom  died  s.p. 
One  of  her  sisters,  Anne,  died  unmarried  ; 
and  the  other,  Mary,  married  a  Mr.  John 
Collinson  of  London,  and  died  in  1812, 
leaving  issue,  viz.,  George  Dale  Collinson, 
John  Collinson,  Thermuthis  Collinson,  Ann 
Collinson,  and  Mary,  wife  of  Christopher 
Godmond.  Possibly  the  other  letters  may 


be  in  the  possession  of  one  of  the  descend- 
ants of  Mary  Collinson  (nee  Dale).  The 
undersigned  will  be  grateful  to  any  one  who 
can  put  him  into  communication  with  any 
of  the  Collinson  descendants,  or  tell  him 
of  the  fate  of  the  remaining  Wesley  letters. 

T.  C.  DALE. 
115,  London  Road,  Croydon. 

OXFORD  EPIGRAM. — Can  anybody  give 
satisfactory  evidence  as  to  the  authorship  of 
the  well-known  epigram  on  the  Universities  ? 

The  King,  observing  with  judicious  eyes 
The  state  of  both  his  Universities, 
To  one  he  sent  a  regiment,  for  why  ? 
That  learned  body  wanted  loyalty. 
To  t'other  he  sent  books,  as  well  discerning 
How  much  that  loyal  body  wanted  learning. 
The  reference,   of  course,   is  to   the  Moore 
Library,  given  by  George  I.  in  1714  ;    and 
the    equally    well-known    Whig    and    Cam- 
bridge  answer   is  by   Sir  William  Browne. 
In  Whibley's  '  Cap  and  Gown '  the  Oxford 
Tory    epigram    is    ascribed    to    Dr.    Joseph 
Trapp,    Professor    of    Poetry ;     or    to    Tom 
Wharton   (sic)    the    elder.     Trapp    is    given 
as  the  author  by   Munk,  '  College  of   Physi- 
cians,' ii.  96.     I  have  found,  however,  in  a 
MS.  written  circ.  1725,  from  which  I  quote 
the  text  above,  an  attribution  to  "  Westly, 
usher  of  Westminster,"  i.e.,  Samuel  Wesley, 
John  Wesley's  eldest  brother.     Is  there  any 
support  for  this  ?  J.  P.  G. 

STAMMERING. — I  shall  be  very  much 
obliged  if  some  reader  will  kindly  tell  me  if 
there  is  any  school  or  institution  in  London 
where  classes  are  held,  or  individual  tuition 
given  for  the  cure  of  stammering.  Please 
reply  direct.  F.  N.  NTJNN. 

36,  Lillieshall  Road,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 

ELEANOR  WOOD. — I  am  anxious  to  find 
the  baptism  of  Eleanor  Wood  between 
1645  and  1655.  Likely  districts  are  Alber- 
bury,  Shineton,  and  High  Ercall,  Shropshire. 

DOCTOR. 
216,  Bohemia  Road,  St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

LAW  OF  LATJRISTON. — I  am  endeavouring 
to  compile  a  pedigree  of  all  the  descendants 
of  William  Law  of  Edinburgh  and  Lauris- 
ton  (father  to  John  Law,  known  as  "  the 
Great  Financier"),  and  I  shall  be  grateful 
to  any  of  your  readers  who  can  give  me 
information  which  will  assist  me. 

I  may  say  that  I  have  read  the  articles 
which  have  already  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
regarding  the  subject,  and  also  that  in  Burke's 
Vicissitudes  of  Families.' 

R.  VAUGHAN  GOWER. 

Ferndale  Lodge,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  im 


COUNTY  DIVISIONS. — I  have  been  making 
out  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  Hundreds, 
Lathes,  Wapentakes,  Wards,  &c.,  into  which 
the  counties  of  England  and  Wales  are 
divided,  but  I  can  find  in  no  work  of  reference 
to  which  I  have  had  access  those  in  Cumber- 
land, Hampshire,  or  Carnarvonshire.  Could 
any  of  your  readers  furnish  me  with  them,  or 
tell  me  where  to  find  them  ?  Please  reply 
direct.  JOHN  W.  STANDERWICK. 

Broadway,  Ilrainster. 

REV.  JOHN  COXON. — Any  information  as 
to  the  marriage,  children,  life,  and  death  of 
the  above,  who  matriculated  at  Oxford 
University,  and  was  curate  at  Morpeth 
Parish  Church  in  1754,  will  be  much  appre- 
ciated. LIONEL  COXON,  Capt.  R.N. 
34,  Sloane  Court,  S.W. 

STORKS  AND  COMMONWEALTHS. — I  shall 
be  obliged  by  a  reference  to  the  belief  that 
storks  "  abide  only  where  Commonwealths 
are,"  which  was  "  a  received  opinion "  in 
the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

EMERITUS. 

MARY,  QUEEN  OF  SCOTS  :  PORTRAIT.— 
In  Sir  T.  H.'s  translation  of  Caussin's  '  The 
Holy  Court'  (1678)  there  is  (p.  811)  an 
engraving  which  claims  to  be  "  The  True 
Portraiture  of  Princesse  Mary,  Queene  of 
Scotland  and  Dowager  of  France."  I  am 
curious  to  know  whence  this  striking  pre- 
sentment was  derived.  I  imagine  it  was 
copied  from  some  painting.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

AUTHORS  or  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
'Tis  love  that  makes  the  world  go  round. 
I  shall  be  glad  if  any  of  your  readers  can  tell 
me  where  to  find  the  origin  of  the  above  line. 

(Miss)  E.  D.  LONGMAN. 
18,  Thurloe  Square,  S.W. 

Where  is 

Sleep  the  sleep  of  the  just 

to    be    found  ?     I    am    unable    to    trace    it 
anywhere.  R.  \y.  p\ 

[.See  the  communications  at  9  S.  xi.  429,  475,  511 ; 
xii.  131.] 

ARABIC  NUMERALS. — The  numerals  we 
use  are  known  as  '-'  Arabic "  ;  but  as  a 
matter  of  fact  they  are  nearly  all  quite 
different  in  the  scripts  of  the  East  and  West. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  say  when 
the  ciphers  in  use  began  to  be  used  in  their 
present  form,  and  the  origin  of  the  marked 
difference  in  many  of  theni  ? 

JOHN  WARD,  F.S.A. 
Savile  Club. 

[See  9  S.  xii.  387,  498.] 


SPECIAL  JURISDICTION. — A  recent  para- 
graph in  The  Times  stated  that  the  power  of 
passing  a  sentence  of  death  is  vested  in  two- 
benches  of  magistrates,  one  sitting  at 
Lancaster,  and  one  at  Peterborough.  Are 
these  the  only  anomalous  instances  in  the 
kingdom,  the  Channel  Islands,  and  Man  ? 

R.  B. 
Upton. 

'  CHESTERFIELD  BURLESQUED  '  :  *  THE 
HORSE  GUARDS.' — Who  were  the  authors 
of  the  following  books  ? — 

Chesterfield  Burlesqued ;  or,  School  for  Modern 
Manners.  Embellished  with  ten  caricatures, 
engraved  by  Woodward  from  original  drawings  by 
Rowlandson.  The  Third  Edition.  London,  1811.— 
12mo,  pp.  104. 

The  Horse  Guards.  By  the  Two  Mounted 
Sentries.  Thus  saith  the  Duke— thus  hath  the  Duke 
inferred.  London,  1850.— 8vo,  pp.  104.  Twelve 
coloured  lithographed  plates  caricaturing  "  The 
Iron  Duke." 

The    present    Army    Council    is    anticipated 
at  p.  102.  W.  B.  H. 

[Halkett  and  Laing  state  that  the  author  of  '  The 
Horse  Guards'  was  Lieut. -Col.  John  Josiah  Hort.] 

GUERNSEY  LILY. — In  Southey's  '  Common- 
place Book,'  ed.  Warter  (London,  Reeves  & 
Turner,  1876,  Third  Series,  p.  628),  Quayle's 
'  Survey  of  Jersey,  Guernsey,'  &c.,  is  cited 
to  this  effect  : — 

"  Guernsey  lilies  believed  to  have  been  cast  up  on 
the  beach  from  the  wreck  of  a  Dutch  Indiaman 
bringing  them  from  Japan.  They  are  not  cultivated 
elsewhere,  it  is  said,  but  boxes  of  the  roots  are 
annually  sent  to  England." 

The  same  work,  Fourth  Series,  p.  432, 
has  this  passage  : — 

'  The  Guernsey  lily  (Amaryllis  sarniensis),  a 
native  of  Japan,  became  naturalized  in  Guernsey 
by  the  shipwreck  of  a  vessel  returning  from  Japan. 
Some  bulbs,  being  cast  on  shore,  took  root  in  the 
sand,  and  Mr.  Hatton,  the  governor,  observing  the 
beauty  of  the  flower,  propagated  it." 

In  what  year  did  the  shipwreck  take 
place  ?  Does  the  plant  still  flourish  in  the 
island  ?  Does  it  grow  wild,  or  is  it  only 
domesticated  ? 

Herbert  termed  this  herb  Lycoris  radiata 
(Matsumura,  '  Index  Plantarum  Japonicum,* 
vol.  ii.  part  i.  p.  221,  Tokio,  1905),  under 
which  name  I  gave  an  account  of  its  Japanese 
and  Chinese  folk-lore  at  9  S.  xi.  514. 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

KAIRWAN  :  ITS  MEANING. — In  note  181 
on  p.  467,  vol.  v.  of  Bury's  '  Gibbon,'  an 
addition,  presumably  by  Prof.  Lane-Poole, 
says  :  "  Kairawan  means  main  body  of  an 
army,  and  hence  the  camp  where  it  halted.'* 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


References  are  given  to  Ibn  Abd  al  Hakam 
and  Ibn  Khallikan.  But  a  note  on  p.  14  of 
Sir  H.  H.  Johnston's  '  Colonization  of  Africa  ' 
says  :— 

"The  origin  of  the  name  Kairwan  has  been  much 
disputed.  When  I  visited  this  place  I  was  told  by 
an  Arab  that  the  word  was  the  Arab  name  for  a 
small  bustard-like  courser  (a  bird  which  the  French 
called  Poule  de  Kairouan),  and  that  seeing  this 
bird  in  large  numbers — where  it  is  still  to  be  found 
— in  the  marshy  plain  on  which  the  city  was  built, 
the  Arabs  gave  its  name  to  the  town." 
Has  the  point  been  settled  yet  ?  The  only 
Arabic  dictionary  I  possess  (Hava's,  Beyrut, 
1899)  gives  karwdn,  a  kind  of  partridge  ; 
but  the  bird  may  have  been  called  after  the 
town,  and  not  vice  versa. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness. 

SIB  MATTHEW  DE  RENZI. — I  have  in  my 
possession  a  crayon  drawing  of  a  family 
monument  with  the  following  inscription  : — 

"  This  Monvment  was  erected  for  ye  R*  Worship- 
ful |  Sir  Matthew  De  Renzi  who  died  August  ye  29th 
being  |  of  57  yrs  born  at  Cvllen  in  Germany  & 
descended  from  |  that  famous  &  renowned  warrior, 
George  Castriot  |  tals  Scanderbeg  who  in  ye  Chris- 
tian War  fought  |  52  battailes  with  greet  conqvest 
&  honour  against  |  ye  grand  Turke).  He  was  a  great 
traveller  &  general  |  lingyist  &  kept  correspond- 
ence with  most  nations  |  in  many  weighty  affairs  & 
in  3  years  gained  great  |  perfection  for  this  nation 
by  composing  a  dictionary  |  &  chronicle  in  ye  Irish 
tongue  &  in  accounts  most  |  expert  exceeding  all 
others  to  his  great  |  applause.  This  work  was 
accomplished  by  his  son  |  Matthew  De  Renzi 
Esquire— August  ye  29th  1635." 

The  monument  appears  to  be  a  wall 
tablet  with  a  recessed  arch  surmounted 
by  a  sort  of  roof,  which  is  supported  by  two 
short  columns.  Beneath  the  arch  is  the 
head  of  Sir  Matthew  de  Renzi  in  relief. 
The  pillars  have  the  Turkish  crescent  at  the 
corner. 

In  what  part  of  Ireland  is  this  monu- 
ment to  be  found,  and  what  is  the  history 
of  Sir  Matthew  ?  Is  his  claim  to  be 
descended  from  Scanderbeg  well  authenti- 
cated ?  Are  there  any  branches  of  the  family 
still  existing  ?  L.  J. 

[See  the  notice  of  him  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  which  says 
none  of  his  writings  is  extant.] 

W.  H.  PRICE = ELIZABETH  RUSHBROOKE. 
— I  should  be  very  glad  to  receive  any  infor- 
mation as  to  the  marriage  of  the  above 
persons.  William  Henry  Price,  of  Charlton 
House,  Wantage,  Berks,  many  years  a 
magistrate  for  the  county,  who  died  27  Feb., 
1826,  aged  seventy  four,  married  as  his 
second  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Col. 
Rushbrooke.  She  died  13  Aug.,  1827, 
aged  seventy-four.  To  what  family  of 


Rushbrooke   did   she   belong,    and   in   what 
direction  should  I  prosecute  my  inquiries  ? 
LEONABD  C.  PRICE. 
Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

GERMAN  LEATHER  BINDINGS  :  "  CUIR- 
BOUILLI  "  :  "  CUIR-CI&ELE." — I  have  seen  it 
stated  that  the  early  German  bookbinders 
(say  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries), 
besides  ornamenting  their  leather-bound 
books  with  small  stamps  and  panel  stamps, 
adorned  some  of  them  by  methods  called 
cuir-bouilli  and  cuir-cisele.  Can  any  reader 
give  me  a  terse  technical  description  of  these 
methods,  and  state  at  what  periods  they  were 
actually  employed  in  Germany  ?  Please 
give  authorities.  BIBLOS. 

HERALDRY  IN  FROISSART  :  "  PILLOW."— 
I  read  in  Froissart's  '  Chronicles,'  wherein 
he  describes  the  war  with  Scotland,  that 
"  the  Scotch  king  had  for  one  of  his  leaders 
the  Earl  of  Moray ....  who  bore  upon  his 
banner  Argent,  three  pillows  gules."  Will 
one  of  our  heraldic  authorities  explain 
"  pillow  "  ? 

Further,  the  narrative  says  "  Sir  James 
Douglas  bore  for  his  arms  Argent,  on  a  chief 
argent."  Surely  this  is  incorrect. 

BERNARD  LORD  M.  QUILLIN. 

SHOREDITCH  FAMILY. — Any  information 
as  to  the  Shoreditch  or  Shordich  family  will 
greatly  oblige.  The  family  has  been  traced 
in  the  parish  registers  of  Ickenham  and 
Stanmoreup  to  1789.  G.  H.  L. 

ST.  PANCRAS  BOROUGH  COUNCIL  :  ITS 
MOTTO. — This  body  has  taken  to  itself  a  coat 
of  arms  and  a  motto  ;  the  latter  runs, 
"  Constans  justitiam  moniti."  Can  any  one 
translate  it  ? 

I  have  read  that  in  1288  a  clock  was  put 
up  at  Westminster,  out  of  a  fine  imposed  on 
a  corrupt  Chief  Justice,  with  the  motto 
"  Discite  justitiam,  moniti."  Is  "  Con- 
stans "  some  one's  bad  writing  for  "  Discite  " 
as  deciphered  by  the  Borough  Clerk  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINE  WRIGHT. 

[This  example  of  bad  Latin  was  discussed  in  the 
press  a  year  or  so  ago.    There  is  no  defence  for  it.] 

"  BOOKSELLER." — The  earliest  example  of 
the  use  of  the  word  "  bookseller  "  given  in 
the  '  New  English  Dictionary  '  is  of  the  year 
1527,  when  it  appears  on  the  title-page  of 
Ralph  Higden's  '  Polychronicon,'  which  was 
'  Imprented .  .  .  .  at    ye    expences    of    John 
Reynes     bokeseller."     The     word     *'  book- 
bynder"  was  in  use  in  1389,  as  the  '  Dic- 
ionary  '    informs  us  ;  and  one  would  expect 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  IMS. 


to  find  an  earlier  use  of  the  word  "  book- 
seller," for  the  trade  goes  back  far  before 
that  time.  Have  any  earlier  instances  been 
unearthed  ?  FBEDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

INGLIS  PEDIGREE. — Can  any  one  tell  me 
where  I  can  see  the  "  Pedigree  showing  the 
connexion  between  the  existing  family 
of  Inglis  with  the  family  of  Robertson  of 
Ladykirk.  C.  J.  L.  Inglis,  1880,  Broadside' '  ? 
It  is  mentioned  in  the  1903  edition  of  Mar- 
shall's '  Genealogist's  Guide,'  but  does  not 
appear  to  be  in  the  British  Museum,  Heralds' 
College,  or  Advocates'  Library,  J.  A.  I. 


LONDON  STATUES  AND  MEMORIALS. 

(10  S.  ix.  1,  102,  282,  363,  481  ;  x.  122,  211, 
258,  290.) 

FIRST  I  must  thank  MR.  PAGE  for  his  very 
complimentary  remarks  concerning  myself, 
which  I  fully  appreciate.  Secondly  I  must 
regret  that  I  overlooked  the  fact  that  at  the 
first  reference  given  above  MR.  PAGE 
alluded  to  the  interesting  memorial  of  John 
Wesley  ;  had  I  not  done  so,  I.  should  not 
have  mentioned  the  statue. 

I  have  been  taking  a  walk  Westward,  anc 
the  result  thereof  is  now  placed  on  recorc 
in  furtherance  of  the  object  of  making  a 
complete  list  of  London's  memorials. 

On  Ebury  Bridge,  Pimlico,  a  few  feet  from 
Buckingham  Palace  Road,  is  a  marble 
drinking-fountain,  of  no  great  size  and  o 
plain  design.  This  is  inscribed  as  "  The 
Gift  of  |  Henry  Waldo  Sibthorpe  "  ;  and 
round  the  basin  is  "  Let  your  moderation  be 
known  unto  all  men."  I  believe  the  donor 
was  well  known  in  the  parish  of  St.  George 
Hanover  Square. 

A  little  further  on  at  the  corner  of  Pimlico 
Road  and  Avery  Farm  Road,  outside  th 
Vicarage  of  St.  Michael's,  Chester  Square 
is  another  drinking-fountain,  in  granite 
with  four  mosaic  panels.  It  is  of  granc 
design,  but  the  panels  sadly  need  renovation 
The  inscription  is  in  these  panels,  and  reads 
"  In  memory  of  |  Richard  I  Second  Marqui 
|  of  |  Westminster  \  Died  1869."  On  th 
right  side  are  the  letters  E.  M.  W.  ;  on  th 
left  side  is  the  single  letter  W  ;  and  on  th 
back  is  the  date  1795,  the  letter  B  bein 
above,  and  W  underneath  ;  but  in  part 
the  inscription  is  nearly  unreadable. 

Going  aloner  Queen's  Road,  we  come  t 
the  Royal  Military  Hospital,  popularly  know 
as  Chelsea  College,  where  there  are  two  o 


hree  memorials  for  inclusion  in  this    list. 

n  the  centre  of  the  quadrangle,  otherwise 

mown  as  the  Centre  Court,  is  a  brass  statue 

f  Charles  II.  by  Grinling  Gibbons,  the  gift 

so  my  friend  Mr.  Alfred  Beaver,  in  '  Memo- 

ials  of  Old  Chelsea,'  informs  us)  of  "  Tobias 

lustat,  Page  of  the  Back  Staircase,  whom 

Evelyn  described  as  a  very  simple,  ignorant, 

>ut  honest  and  loyal  creature."     The  statue, 

which  cost  over  5001. ,  is  draped  in  the  usual 

Roman  habit,  and  is  on  each  29th  of  May 

decorated  with  oak-leaves  and  oak-apples. 

["here  is  no  inscription,  not  even  the  King's 

name  being  there. 

The  grounds  of  Chelsea  College  were 
altered  to  their  present  form  when  the 
Chelsea  Embankment  was  made  in  1872-3, 
and  not  far  from  the  river  is  a  tall  obelisk, 
n  scribed  with  the  names  of  all  the  officers 
and  men  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Chillian- 
wallah,  where  the  British  forces  were  nearly- 
defeated  by  the  Sikhs.  The  inscription  is 
as  follows  : — 

To  the  Memory  of  |  Two  hundred  and  Fifty- 
?ive  |  Officers,  Non-commissioned  Officers,  and 
Privates  |  of  the  XXIV.  Regiment,  |  who  fell  |  at 
Dhillianwallah,  13th  January,  1849,  |  this  monument 
las  been  Erected  |  by  their  surviving  Comrades,  | 
A.D.  1863." 

The  large  block  of  stone  forming  the  base 
bias  the  date  1849  cut  on  the  back  and  front ; 
while  on  the  two  sides  the  month  and  day, 
Jany.  xiii.,  can  be  seen.  The  names  of  those 
who  fell  are  on  the  four  sides  of  the  obelisk 
proper. 

At  some  distance,  nearer  the  building,  is 
the  Memorial  Cross  of  the  8th  Foot.  On  the 
front  the  inscription  reads  : — 

This  Cross  commemorates  the  services  and 
death  of  243  officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and 
private  soldiers  lost  by  the  8th,  the  King's  Regiment, 
while  engaged  in  suppressing  the  great  Sepoy 
mutiny  of  1857-58.  Some  died  in  battle,  some  of 
wounds,  some  of  disease,  all  in  the  devoted 
performance  of  duty." 

On  the  right-hand  side  is  inscribed  "  Luck- 
now  Relieved "  ;  on  the  left-hand  side, 
"  Agra  Defended "  ;  and  on  the  back, 
"  Delhi  Captured  "  ;  and  under  the  inscrip- 
tions will  be  found  the  names  of  those  who 
perished  in  each  of  the  actions  mentioned. 
On  alternate  sides  it  states  that  this 
memorial  was  "  Erected  at  Portsmouth, 
1863,"  and  "  Removed  to  Chelsea,  1877." 

With  reference  to  the  statue  of  Thomas 
Carlyle,  Chelsea  Embankment  (94),  Rossetti 
Memorial  Fountain  (95),  and  the  statue  of 
Sir  Hans  Sloane  in  the  Chelsea  Physic 
Garden  (96),  I  have  full  inscriptions,  &c., 
which  I  will  send  to  MR.  PAGE  if  he  desires 
them.  An  engraving  of  the  statue  of  Sir 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


Hans  Sloane  will  be  found  at  p.  250  of 
Beaver's  '  Memorials  of  Old  Chelsea,'  1892. 

Further  along  the  Embankment,  opposite 
Chelsea  Old  Church,  is  a  granite  drinking- 
fountain  with  four  horse-troughs  and  one 
or  two  troughs  for  dogs.  There  are  English 
and  Latin  inscriptions  ;  but  as  the  latter 
appears  to  be  only  a  literal  translation  of  the 
former,  it  seems  hardly  necessary  to  print  it. 
The  English  inscription  is  as  follows  : — 

"  In   affectionate     remembrance    of    the    late  1 
George  Sparkes  |  of  Bromley    in    Kent,    formerly 
Judge  at  Madras  |  in   the  East  India  Company's 
Civil  Service,   |  a  great  and  good  man,  |  Gifted 
with  every  refined  feeling,  |  and    much   esteemed 
by  all  who  knew  him.   |  Died  30  January,  1878, 
|  in  his  68th  year,  |  Erected  by   his    Widow,  | 
A.D.  1880." 

At  the  south-east  corner  of  the  Old 
Churchyard  is  the  tomb  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
which  from  its  close  proximity  to  the  passer- 
by may  be  justly  called  one  of  London's  most 
cherished  memorials.  It  is  a  canopy  with 
four  pillars,  covering  a  white  marble  urn 
entwined  by  serpents.  It  was  designed 
by  Wilton  the  sculptor.  The  inscription 
reads  : — 

"  To  the  Memory  of  I  Sir  |  Hans  Sloane,  Bart.  | 
President  of  the  Royal  Society  |  and  of  the  College 
of  Physicians,  |  who  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1753,  | 
the  92nd  of  his  age,  |  without  the  |  least  pain  of 
body  |  and  with  a  conscious  serenity  of  mind,  | 
ended    a    virtuous    and    beneficent    Life.   |   This 
monument  was  erected  |  by  his  two  daughters,  | 
Eliza  Cadogan  and  Sarah  Stanley." 

Near  the  east  entrance  of  the  Old  Church 
is  a  cenotaph  in  pillar  form,  which  also 
I  feel  justified  in  claiming  as  one  of  London's 
memorials.  The  pedestal  is  circular,  and 
the  upper  part  of  the  pillar  is  surmounted 
by  an  urn  enriched  with  foliage,  the  whole 
being  surrounded  with  an  iron  railing.  The 
inscription  is  as  follows  : — 

"Philip  Miller,  |  sometime  Curator  of  the  Bo- 
tanick  Garden,  |  Chelsea,  |  and  Author  of  *  The 
Gardener's  Dictionary,'  |  died  December  18th,  1771, 
aged  80,  |  and  was  buried  on  the  North  side  of  |  this 
Church-yard,  I  in  a  spot  now  covered  by  |  a  Stone 
inscribed  with  his  name.  I  The  Fellows  of  |  the 
Linnsean  and  Horticultural  Societies  |  of  London,  | 
in  grateful  Recollection  of  |  the  eminent  Services 
rendered  to  |  the  Sciences  of  Botany  and  Horticul- 
ture by  his  Industry  and  Writings,  |  have  caused 
this  Monument  to  be  |  erected  to  his  Memory.  | 

A.D.  1815." 

His  place  of  burial  "  would  not  conveniently 
admit  "  of  a  monument,  hence  it  was  placed 
where  we  now  find  it,  so  that  it  readily 
meets  the  view  of  not  a  few  pilgrims  to 
Chelsea. 

In  the  centre  of  the  roadway  of  High 
Street,  Kensington,  facing  St.  Mary  Abbot's 
Church,  is  a  tall  column  of  red  granite  and 


stone.  Upon  the  pedestal  is  a  bronze  tablet 
inscribed  : — 

"  In  Memory  of  [Her  Most  Gracious  |  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria.  |  Born  at  Kensington  Palace, 
24th  May,  1819.  |  This  Column  |  was  erected  by 
the  Inhabitants  of  |  th$  Royal  Borough  |  of  Ken- 
sington, |  1904.  |  Lewis  H.  Isaacs,  Mayor.  |  W. 
Chambers  Leete,  Town  Clerk.  |  H.  L.  Florence, 
Architect." 

The  column  appears  to  bear  two  blocks  of 
granite,  between  which  is  a  stone  band  in- 
scribed "  Victoria,  Queen  and  Empress," 
with  a  relief  portrait.  The  whole  is  sur- 
mounted by  an  urn,  and  is  of  very  good 
design. 

MB.  PAGE  asks  (ante,  p.  122)  if  the  "statue 
of  William  III.  presented  by  the  Kaiser  " 
is  yet  placed.  Yes,  it  is  in  position,  close 
to  Kensington  Place,  but,  I  fancy,  a  trifle 
too  far  off  for  comfortable  inspection  or 
perusal  of  the  inscription  ;  at  least  I  found 
it  to  be  so.  The  inscription  on  the  pedestal 
is  : — 

"  William  III.  |  of  Orange,  |  King  of  Great  Britain 
|  and  Ireland,  1689-1702.  |  Presented  by  William  II., 
j  German  Emperor  and  j  King  of  Prussia,  to  |  King 
Edward VII.,  for  |  the  British  Nation.  |  1907." 

It  may  be  described  as  being  opposite  the 
Palace  or  on  the  lawn.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  ascertain  if  there  was  any  unveiling 
ceremony  or  when  it  was  placed  in  position. 
The  statue  of  Queen  Victoria,  the  work 
of  the  Princess  Louise  (Duchess  of  Argyle), 
is  also  close  to  Kensington  Palace,  in  the 
midst  of  flower-beds,  and  I  think  faces  east. 
The  Queen  is  seated,  and  is  represented  as 
she  appeared  on  her  accession  to  the  throne. 
It  struck  me  as  an  exceedingly  good  piece  of 
work,  although  I  believe  it  has  been  ad- 
versely criticized.  The  inscription  is  : — 

"  Victoria  R.,  |  1837.  |  Here,  in  front  of  the  Palace 
where  she  was  born  |  and  where  she  resided  until 
her  Accession,  |  her  loyal  Kensington  subjects 
erected  this  statue,  |  the  work  of  her  daughter,  to 
commemorate  fifty  years  of  her  reign." 

With  reference  to  the  granite  obelisk  in 
Kensington  Gardens  to  Capt.  Speke,  I  should 
like  to  know  how  it  comes  that  his  com- 
panion Capt.  Grant  was  not  joined  with 
him.  The  inscription  simply  reads  :  "Speke, 
Victoria  Nyanza  |  and  the  Nile  |  1864." 

At  no  great  distance  is  the  fine  work  of 
the  late  G.  F.  Watts  known  as  '  Physical 
Energy.'  There  is  no  inscription  but  the 
names  of  the  sculptor  and  the  firm  by  whom 
it  was  cast,  Burton  of  Thames  Ditton.  It 
bears  the  date  June,  1904,  and  was  placed 
in  position  on  26  Sept.,  1907,  in  Kensington 
Gardens.  It  weighs  six  tons,  and  measures 
12ft.  by  12ft. 

W.  E.  HAJRLAJSTD-OXLEY. 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        LIO  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  im. 


Cardinal  Newman. — The  statue  of  Newman 
(ante,  p.  213),  as  I  remember  it,  was  between 
the  Brompton  Oratory  and  the  new  extension 
of  the  Kensington  galleries.  It  was  refused 
by  Oxford,  and  a  newspaper  suggestion  was 
made  at  the  time  it  was  going  begging  for  a 
site,  that  it  should  be  placed  on  a  compara- 
tively open  space  near  the  "  Ivy  Bush  " 
in  Hagley  Road,  Edgbaston,  close  to  the 
Oratory  where  the  Cardinal  lived  and  died. 

Robert  Clive. — To  the  statues  in  course 
of  preparation  should  be  added  one  to  the 
hero  of  Plassey.  Funds  have  been  raised 
chiefly  by  the  efforts  of  Lord  Curzon,  and 
it  will  be  erected  on  the  steps  near  the  India 
Office  leading  to  St.  James's  Park.  A 
replica  will  go  to  Calcutta.  There  is  already 
what  the  ex- Viceroy  terms  a  "  mason's 
effigy  "  of  Clive  outside  one  of  the  public 
buildings  in  Whitehall. 

Outram  (10  S.  ix.  482). — Calcutta  possesses 
a  superb  equestrian  statue  of  Sir  James 
Outram  by  J.  H.  Foley,  R.A.,  which  was 
unveiled  in  1874.  I  am  told  that  before 
being  sent  to  India  it  was  placed  in  a  promi- 
nent position  in  London,  and  that  a  serious 
attempt  was  made  to  keep  it  permanently 
there.  I  should  be  obliged  if  any  one  could 
let  me  know  whereabouts  in  London,  if  my 
informant  is  correct,  it  stood.  The  informa- 
tion is  desired  for  the  purpose  of  an  historical 
work  on  Calcutta  that  I  am  preparing. 

Marble  Arch  and  Hyde  Park  Corner 
Statuary. — I  have  read  of  allegorical  figures 
being  in  course  of  preparation  for  the  sum- 
mits of  these  arches.  These  should  be  added 
to  the  list  of  memorials  to  come. 

Joseph  Chamberlain. — Near  the  Gresham 
Street  end  of  Mason's  Avenue,  leading  from 
Coleman  Street  to  Gresham  Street,  are  a 
series  of  medallions  of  public  men  of  about 
five-and-twenty  years  ago,  one  of  which 
is  of  Mr.  Chamberlain.  I  do  not  know  if 
such  memorials,  come  within  the  scope  of 
MR.  PAGE'S  notes. 

Trafalgar  Square. — I  remember  reading 
of  a  movement  to  remove  all  the  statues 
(except  that  of  Nelson),  and  replace  them 
by  allegorical  statuary  emblematic  of  naval 
victories.  The  idea  seems  to  me  a  most 
fascinating  one.  The  square  so  treated 
would  be  enormously  improved.  The 
change  would  also  relegate  the  indifferent 
statues  now  occupying  the  finest  site  in 
London  to  positions  more  suited  to  them, 
and  afford  an  opportunity  for  the  exhibition 
of  the  beautiful  Gordon  statue  under  less 
absurd  conditions.  It  is  dwarfed  at  present 
by  its  surroundings.  WILMOT  CORFIELD. 
Calcutta  Historical  Society. 


MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  tells  us  (ante,  p.  291) 
that  the  statue  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland 
once  in  Cavendish  Square  was  the  work  of 
John  Cheere.  Does  he  by  chance  mean 
Sir  Henry  Cheere,  to  whom  Redgrave  attri- 
butes this  work  ?  Who  was  John  Cheere  ? 
HAROLD  MALET,  Col. 

May  I  again  say  "  Thank  you  "  to  MR. 
HARLAND-OXLEY  for  his  kindly,  practical 
help  ?  I  have  duly  noted  his  correction 
respecting  the  Eldon  School,  and  may  add 
that  an  engraving  of  the  school  appeared 
in  The  literary  World  of  23  May,  1840. 

By  an  accident  I  have,  I  find,  missed 
recording  the  statue  of  Mrs.  Siddons  as 
Tragedy  by  Chevalliaud  on  Paddington 
Green.  This  is  noteworthy  as  being  the 
first  statue  of  a  player  erected  in  London. 
It  was  unveiled  by  the  late  Sir  Henry 
Irving  on  14  June,  1897.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 


"PRESBYTER  INCENSATUS  "  (10  S.  x. 
328). — I  should  guess  that  the  word  meant  is 
insensatus,  i.e.  foolish.  Though  it  is  not 
in  Ducange,  I  am  sure  I  have  met  with  it 
in  late  Latin  ;  and  it  is  noted  by  Lewis  and 
Short.  The  adverb  insensate,  foolishly, 
occurs  in  the  Vulgate  version  of  Wisdom 
xii.  23.  Compare  Ital.  insensato,  Fr.  insense. 
WTALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

COMMODORE  CHAMBERLAIN  (10  S.  x.  329). 
— The  officer  referred  to,  Peter  Chamberlen, 
flourished  in  the  time  of  Queen  Anne,  not  of 
William  and  Mary,  and,  if  of  Jewish  lineage 
— which  seems  highly  improbable — was  of 
a  family  that  had  been  Protestant  for  more 
than  a  hundred  years.  He  was  the  grandson 
of  Peter  Chamberlen  (1601-83),  who  was 
the  great-grandson  of  William  Chamberlen, 
a  French  Protestant  who  settled  in  England 
in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  ('D.N.B.').  There 
is  a  short  memoir  of  the  Commodore  in 
Charnock's  '  Biog.  Nav.,'  iii.  244,  where  the 
name  is  misspelt  Chamberlain.  He  was 
first  cousin  of  Sir  Hovenden  Walker. 

J.  K.  LATJGHTON. 

[The  extracts  from  Charriock  sent  by  MR.  D. 
MURRAY  have  been  forwarded  to  MR.  SOLOMONS.] 

GREEKS  AND  NATURE  (10  S.  x.  330).— 
The  inquiry  is  rather  vague.  Virgil,  for 
instance,  has  a  sense  of  yearning  and 
mystery  in  nature  which  Horace  entirely 
lacks.  In  the  '  Phsedrus.'  the  scene  of  which 
is  by  the  banks  of  the  Ilissus,  in  beautiful 
country,  Socrates  is  represented  as  saying 
that  "  trees  and  country  places  have  nothing 
to  teach  me,  but  men  in  the  city  have.'* 
An  excellent  article  indicating  the  faint 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


373 


traces  of  what  may  be  called  modern  aspects 
of  the  subject  is  to  be  found  in  '  The  Feeling 
for  Nature  in  the  Greek  and  Roman  Poets,' 
the  first  of  a  brilliant  series  of  essays  by 
Prof.  W.  R.  Hardie  entitled  '  Lectures  on 
Classical  Subjects  '  (Macmillan,  1903). 

HlPPOCLIDES. 

ST.  BARBARA'S  FEATHER  (10  S.  x.  308). — 
Mrs.  Jameson,  who  had  never  met  with  any 
explanation  of  the  attribute,  believed  that 
it  referred  to  a  German  version  of  the  legend 
of  St.  Barbara  which  asserts  that  when  she 
was  beaten  by  her  father,  angels  turned  the 
rods  into  feathers  (see  '  Sacred  and  Legend- 
ary Art,'  vol.  ii.  p.  494).  ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  lady  is  represented  either  with  a 
palmleaf  or  holding  a  peacock's  feather. 
The  latter  symbol  is  in  commemoration  of 
the  miracle  wrought  in  her  favour  when  the 
rods  with  which  she  was  being  scourged 
were  turned  into  peacock's  feathers.  Cf. 
Mueller  and  Mothes's  '  Archaeologisches 
Worterbuch,'  wherein  other  symbols  are 
mentioned.  L.  L.  K. 

The  querist  may  like  to  know  that  at  the 
Guildhall  Museum,  amongst  the  ancient 
pilgrim  tokens,  are  several  small  leaden 
feathers  with  the  name  St.  Barbara  below 
them;  so  that,  whatever  the  origin  of  the 
saint's  feather,  it  was  evidently  a  recognized 
attribute  of  her  shrine.  DOUGLAS  OWEN. 

"PIDDLE"  AS  A  LAND  MEASURE  (10  S. 
x.  326). — This  word  is  given  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 
and  in  the  '  E.D.D.,'  and  will  be  found  under 
the  spelling  "  pightle  "  in  both  works.  It 
was  not  used  as  "  a  measure  of  land,"  nor 
is  this  the  meaning  conveyed  in  MR.  GAY- 
THORPE'S  citation.  What  is  there  described 
is  a  small  piece  of  land  of  unspecified  area. 
Similarly  "  a  close,"  or  "  a  croft,"  or  "  a 
toft  "  may  be  used,  not  as  "a  measure  of 
land,"  but  in  indicating  a  small  enclosure. 
A  "  pightle,"  or  "  pittle,"  or  "  pickle  "  pro- 
bably meant  an  odd  nook  or  corner  of 
insignificant  size.  The  Northern  form  of 
the  word  may  be  recalled  in  the  proverb 
"  Many  a  pickle  makes  a  mickle,"  a  phrase 
equally  applicable  to  the  acquisition  oJ 
land  and  to  gear  of  any  kind  accumulator 
by  little  and  little.  R.  OLIVER  HESLOP. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

"  Piddle  "  is  a  Berkshire  pronunciation  o: 
"  pightle,"  as  may  be  seen  from  'N.E.D. 
and  *  E.D.D.'  The  word  has  been  discussed 
over  and  over  again  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  as  is 
apparent  in  the  '  E.D.D.'  quotations,  and  ir 
the  indexes  of  « N.  &  Q.'  from  1859  onwards 


The  word  does  not  mean  a  land  measure, 
!t  has  only  one  meaning,  namely,  a  small 
field  or  enclosure.  The  change  of  tl  into  dl 
s  very  common.  It  occurs  in  Kent  and 
Sussex,  and  in  all  the  dialects  of  the  West  of 
England.  See  '  English  Dialect  Grammar  ' 
1905),  §283.  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

Oxford. 

[Several  other  correspondents  thanked  for 
replies.] 

ARACHNE  HOUSE,  STRAND -ON-THE-GREEN 
(10  S.  x.  290). — Zoffany  the  portrait  painter 
died  at  his  house  in  this  village  in  1810. 
"  Joe  "  Miller  died  at  Strand-on- the-Green 
in  1738  ('London  and  Middlesex,'  vol.  iv., 
by  J.  Norris  Brewer,  1816,  p.  329). 

J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

Possibly  it  is  Zoffany,  R.A.,  that  your 
correspondent  refers  to.  He  settled  at 
Strand-on-the-Green  after  his  return  from 
India  in  or  about  1796,  and  died  there  on 
11  Nov.,  1810.  In  'Greater  London,'  i.  17, 
the  author  mentions  that  "  the  house  which 
Zoffany  inhabited  is  still  shown.  It  faced 
the  river,  in  about  the  middle  of  the  little 
terrace."  I  do  not  know  whether  Arachne 
House  answers  this  description. 

ALAN  STEWART. 

SALFORD  :  SALTERSFORD  :  SALTERSGATE 
(10  S.  x.  222,  256,  274,  297,  337).— I  beg 
leave  to  protest  against  the  conjoining  of 
Salford  with  two  other  names  with  which  it 
has  nothing  whatever  to  do.  Must  we 
always  be  mixing  up  things  that  are  incon- 
gruous ? 

Of  course  Salford  means  "  willow-ford," 
as  explained  in  my  '  Bedfordshire  Place- 
Names.'  A  local  notice  says  :  "  This  tree 
grows  in  great  luxuriance  on  the  banks  of 
the  Salford  brook."  But  what  has  this  to 


do  with  Saltersford  ? 


WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


MONKEYS  STEALING  FROM  A  PEDLAR  (10  S, 
vi.  448  ;  vii.  13,  256).— If  MR.  A.  M.  HIND 
can  do  with  further  information  on  the 
subject  of  his  query,  he  may  like  to  be 
referred  to  Cory  at' s  '  Crudities,'  where  in 
his  '  Observations  of  Lyons '  (vol.  i.  p.  213, 
MacLehose's  edition)  the  traveller  relates 
that  on  one  of  the  walls  of  a  court  in  the 
inn  under  the  sign  of  "  The  Three  Kings," 
where  he  lodged,  there  was  a  merry  story 
painted,  which  was  this  : — 

"  A  certain  Pedler  having  a  budget  full  of  small 
wares,  fell  asleep  as  he  was  travelling  on  the  way, 
to  whom  there  came  a  great  multitude  of  Apes,  and 
robbed  him  of  all  his  wares  while  he  was  asleepe : 
some  of  these  Apes  were  painted  with  pouches  or 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  im. 


budgets  at  their  backs,  which  they  stole  out  of  the 
pedlers  fardle,  climing  up  to  trees,  some  with 
spectacles  on  their  noses,  some  with  beades  about 
their  neckes.  some  with  touch-boxes  and  iiik-hornes 
in  their  hands,  some  with  crosses  and  censour  boxes, 
some  with  cardes  in  their  hands ;  al  which  things 
they  stole  out  of  the  budget." 
But  even  Coryat  did  not  know  the  history 
of  the  picture,  though  he  went  so  far  as  to 
say :  "  This  pretty  conceit  seemeth  to 
import  some  merry  matter,  but  truely  I 
know  not  the  morall  of  it." 

One  of  Coryat' s  panegyrists,  Richard 
Badley,  was  evidently  attracted  by  the 
account  his  friend  gave  of  this  work  of  art : 
he  rimed  about 

That  master-piece  of  such  perfection, 
Apelles  need  not  scorne  t'  have  laid  th'  complexion  : 
Wherein  proud  Art  (Dame  nature  to  excell) 
Within  an  Ale-house  painted  had  full  well, 
The  pilfring  pastime  of  a  erne  of  Apes, 
Sporting  themselves  with  their  conceited  Japes 
About  a  Pedler  that  lay  snorting  by, 
Not  dreaming  of  their  thievish  knavery ; 
Whose  packe  unclosed,  his  trinkets  on  the  twigs 
Some  fasten,  whilst  the  others  dance  their  jigs, 
This  piece  did  please,  and  so  content  thy  eye, 
Thou  judg'st  it  worthy  immortality. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

PROVERBS  AND  POPULAR  PHRASES  (10  S. 
x.  281). — MR.  BOBBINS  should  consult  'The 
New  English  '  of  Mr.  Kington  Oliphant,  and 
its  copious  index,  for  early  instances  of 
colloquial-proverbial  expressions.  He  will 
find  "  here  or  there  "  in  Gower.  "  promise- 
breach  "  in  Shakespeare,  and  "  town-talk  " 
in  Congreve.  "  Right  here "  occurs  in 
*  King  Alisaunder,'  about  1300.  H.  P.  L. 

HOPPNER  AND  SIR  THOMAS  FRANKLAND'S 
DAUGHTERS  (10  S.  x.  168,  233,  294).— I  have 
just  been  to  the  Franco-British  Exhibition, 
and  made  a  point  of  looking  out  for  the 
picture  alluded  to.  It  is  numbered  74  in  the 
Catalogue,  and  the  particulars  supplied 
to  MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  are  correct.  In  the 
left-hand  bottom  corner  are  the  names  of 
the  two  ladies,  "  Marianne  and  Amelia "; 
and  the  inscription  states  that  they  are 
"daughters  of  Sir  T.  Frankland,"  and  adds 
the  dates  of  their  death  :  "  Ob.  1795  and 
1800."  Furthermore,  the  picture  was  lent 
by  Sir  Edward  P.  Tennant,  Bart.,  M.P., 
who  presumably  is  the  owner. 

A.  W.  COOPER. 
230,  Navarino  Mansions,  Dalston  Rise,  N.E. 

"CADEY"  (10  S.  x.  147,  198,  277).— I  have 
known  this  word  as  long  as  I  can  remember. 
A  nice,  well-kept,  cleanly  old  person  is 
"  cadey "  in  Derbyshire.  A  cat  or  other 
animal  showing  fondness  for  you  is  "  cadey." 


"  How  nice  and  cadey  she  is  !  "  well  describes 
several  people  I  have  in  my  eye.  It  is 
a  word  equal  to  the  Lancashire  and  Cheshire 
"  gradely,"  and  is  quite  as  expressive.  Both 
are  folk-words,  which  to  me  are  not  related 
to  slang.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

CLASSICAL  QUOTATIONS  (10  S.  v.  27,  75; 
vii.  337). — At  the  last  reference  the  line 

Est  bene  non  potuit  dicere,  dixit,  erit, 
was  said  to  be  a  modern  (or  possibly  mediaeval) 
proverb  rather  than  a  classical   quotation, 
and    a    reference    was    given    to    Seybold's 
'  Viridarium '  for 

EST,  qui  non  potuit  dicere,  dixit  ERIT. 
I  was  wrong.  To  whatever  extent  the  words 
or  any  variation  of  them  may  have  been 
current  as  a  proverb  in  post-classical  times, 
it  ought  not  to  have  escaped  me  that  the 
line  comes  from  Suetonius.  See  the  last 
chapter  of  his  life  of  Domitian  (23)  : — 

"  Ante  paucos  quam  occideretur  menses  cornix 
in  Capitolio  elocuta  est:   "Eo-rai    Trai/ra    /axAws* 
nee  defuit  qui  ostentum  sic  interpretaretur  : — 
Nuper  Tarpeio  quce,  sedit  culmine  cornix 

Est  bene  non  potuit  dicere,  dixit:  erit." 

John  of  Salisbury  quotes  this  distich, 
with  a  slight  difference  and  without  giving 
the  source,  in  i.  13  of  his  '  Policraticus.' 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Aberystwyth. 

JESUITS  AT  MEDIOLANUM  (10  S.  x.  309). — 
With  regard  to  the  site  of  this  Roman  sta- 
tion, most  antiquaries  have  fixed  it  hypo- 
thetically  at  Meifod  in  the  parish  of  Llan- 
fyllin,  Montgomeryshire.  The  difficulties 
of  exact  identification,  however,  are  so  great 
that  more  than  one  distinguished  authority 
has  capitulated  to  them.  Richard  of  Ciren- 
cester,  '  On  the  Ancient  State  of  Britain,' 
says : — 

"  Beyond  the  borders  of  the  Silures  were  the 
Ordovices,  whose  cities  were  Mediolanum  [on  the 
Tanat  or  Tanad]  and  Brannogenium  [near  Lerit- 
wardine]." — Book  I.  chap.  vi.  §  24. 

In  his  commentary  on  this  Itinerary  (Appen- 
dix I. )  Dr.  J.  A.  Giles  observes  that 

on  the  banks  of  the  Tanad,  not  far  from  the  point 
where  it  is  intersected  by  the  Roman  road  from 

aersws  to  Chester,  was  probably  the  lost  town  of 
Mediolanum.  From  Mediolanum  the  road  runs 
under  the  north  end  of  the  Brythen,  straight, 
although  obscurely,  to  Rowton,  and  from  thence 
over  the  Severn  to  Wroxeter." 

Giraldus  states  that  in  his  time  there 
existed  considerable  remains  of  venerable 
antiquity  at  Meifod,  and  several  foundation 
floors,  causeways,  &c.,  have  at  different 


io  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


times  been  discovered.  Dr.  Powel  in  his 
learned  annotations  on  Giraldus's  Itinerary, 
says  Camden, 

•"assures  us  it  was  riot  only  the  opinion  of  some 
Antiquaries,  that  the  ancient  Mediolanum  was 
seated  where  the  village  of  Meivod  now  stands  ; 
but  also  that  the  same  village  and  places  adjoining 
/afforded  in  his  time  several  such  remarkable  Monu- 
ments, as  made  it  evident,  that  there  had  been 
formerly  a  considerable  town  at  that  place." 

One  comment  of  Camden  is  particularly 
striking.  He  says  that 

•"about  a  mile  from  the  Church  there  is  a  place 
•call'd  Erw'r  Forth,  i.e.  the  Gate-acre,  which  is  sup- 
posed to  have  taken  its  name  from  the  Gates  of  the 
-old  City  ;  and  in  the  grounds  adjoyning  to  this 
village,  Causeys,  Foundations  of  Buildings,  Floors 
.and  Harths  are  often  discover'd  by  Labourers  ;  but 
whether  any  such  Monuments,  as  we  may  safely 
•conclude  to  be  Roman  (as  Coins,  Urns,  Inscriptions, 
Ac.)  are  found  at  this  place  I  must  leave  to  fur- 
ther enquiry." — Gibson's  'Camden,'  1722,  vol.  ii. 
•cols.  781-2. 

The  Rev.  H.  M.  Scarth  in  his  '  Roman 
Britain  '  says  : — 

"  A  road  also  from  Caerleon  penetrated  into  the 
interior  of  Wales,  and  is  traced  to  Caer  Sws,  a 
fortified  station,  and  thence  to  Mediolanum  (Claud 
•Coch),  where  it  meets  the  road  from  Urconium  to 
."Segontium." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

10,  Royal  Crescent,  Holland  Park  Avenue. 

This  was  probably  Milan.  Coryat  tells 
that  when  the  place  was  being  enlarged  by 
Bellovesus, 

•"  a  certaine  wilde  Sow  that  came  forth  of  an  olde 
ruinous  house  very  early  in  the  morning,  hapried  to 
meet  some  of  those  that  were  set  aworke  about  the 
building  of  the  city.  This  Sow  had  halfe  her  body 
•covered  with  hard  bristly  haire  as  other  Pigges 
are,  and  the  other  halfe  with  very  soft  and  white 
wooll  :  which  portentum  Bellovesus  took  for  a  very 
happy  and  ominous  token,  so  that  he  caused  the 
•city  to  be  called  Mediolanum  from  the  half e-woolled 
Sow."— '  Crudities,'  vol.  i.  p.  241  (MacLehose's 
•edition). 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

According  to  Deschamps's  '  Dictionnaire 
de  Geographic,'  the  Mediolanum  in  England 
may  be  Ternhill,  near  Dray  ton  (Shrews- 
bury) or  Mayland  (according  to  Cluver  and 
Reichard),  or  Calcar  (according  to  other 
geographers).  L.  L.  K. 

MB.  ROBERT  GUY  ought  to  extend  his 
Tesearches  to  Milan.  JOSEPH  S.  HANSOM. 

BRIEFS  IN  1742  (10  S.  x.  330). — According 
to  the  best  account  of  these  documents,  viz~ 
Bewes's  '  Church  Briefs,'  every  one  of  the 
places  mentioned  was  assisted  by  collections 
^t  different  places,  as  described  in  the 
references,  which  are  Smith's  'Bygone  Briefs' 


at  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster  ;  '  Reports 
and  Transactions  of  the  Devonshire  Associa- 
tion,' 1893  ;  *  Register  Book  of  Baptisms 
of  Kaye  Street,  Liverpool,'  now  in  Somerset 
House  ;  and  '  Accounts  of  Robert  Hodgson,' 
in  Salt  Library.  In  the  case  of  Whittington, 
Salop,  there  is  an  additional  reference  to 
The  Reliquary,  xxvi.  223. 

There  is  a  very  fine  collection  published 
as  being  collected  '  Upon  a  Brief  '  at  Chatham 
Kent,  where  each  of  the  places  named  is 
mentioned,  that  is,  if  Hornby  is  not  a  mis- 
take for  Formby. 

Many  topographical  books  contain  items 
of  briefs  collected  locally.  There  are  several 
in  the  fine  volumes  of  the  'History  of 
Northumberland'  edited  by  Bateson  and 
Hodgson.  AYEAHR. 

[L.  L.  K.  also  refers  to  Be  we  s  book.] 

"  BETTER  AN  OLD  MAN'S  DARLING  THAN 
A  YOUNG  MAN'S  SLAVE  "  (10  S.  x.  310).— 
The  wording  of  the  proverb  in  '  The  Miser's 
Daughter  '  was  certainly  not  due  to  Harrison 
Ainsworth.  It  is  found  in  Swift's  *  Polite 
Conversation,'  Dialogue  I.  Miss  Notable, 
searching  her  pockets  for  her  thimble, 
brings  out  a  nutmeg  : — 

Neverout.  Oh  !  Miss,  have  a  Care  ;  for  if  you  carry 
a  Nutmeg  in  your  pocket,  you'll  certainly  be 
married  to  an  old  Man. 

Miss.  Well,  and  if  I  ever  be  married,  it  shall  be 
to  an  old  Man;  they  always  make  the  best  Hus- 
bands ;  and  it  is  better  to  be  an  old  Man's  Darling, 
than  a  young  Man's  Warling."  — '  Miscellanies, 
vol.  ix.  (1751),  p.  198. 

But  it  is  still  older  than  this.  Camden 
('Remaines,'  p.  293,  ed.  5,  1636)  gives 
'  Better  be  an  old  man's  darling,  than  a 
yong  man's  warling."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

'  Bohn's  Handbook  of  Proverbs  '  has  from 
Ray's  collection  "  Better  be  an  old  man's 
darling  than  a  young  man's  snarling,"  the 
snarling  being,  as  I  suppose,  the  victim  of 
his  fault-finding.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  older  form  seems  to  be  "  Better  be  an 
old  man's  darling  than  a  young  man's 
warling."  This  is  in  Hey  wood's  '  Proverbs ' 
(1562).  Clark's  '  Parcemiologia  '  (1639)  has 
"  Wordling." 

It  also  occurs  in  'Ram  Alley'  (1611), 
Act  II.  sc.  i.,  p.  303  of  Hazlitt's  '  Dodsley.' 
The  note  to  this  runs:  "The  Scots  say 
'  a  young  man's  Wonderling.'  " 

Hazlitt,  '  English  Proverbs,'  &c.  (p.  90  of 
ed.  of  1882),  gives  the  Portuguese  form  as 
"  Mas  v  le  viejo  que  me  houre,  que  galan  quo 
me    ssombre."         A.  COLLINGWOOD  LEE. 
Waltham  Abbey,  Essex. 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        (io  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  iooa, 


PARLIAMENTARY  APPLAUSE  :  ITS  EARLIEST 
USE  (10  S.  x.  248,  296).— There  is  some 
anticipation  of  the  manner  in  which  a  speech 
of  Charles  II.  is  described  in  the  quotation 
at  the  earlier  reference  in  Shakspere's 
obvious  compliment  to  Elizabeth  in  Bas- 
sanio's  lines  addressing  Portia  after  she  has 
accepted  his  suit : — 

Madam,  you  have  bereft  me  of  all  words  ; 
Only  my  blood  speaks  to  you  in  my  veins  ; 
And  there  is  such  confusion  in  my  powers 
As  after  some  oration,  fairly  spoke 
By  a  beloved  prince,  there  doth  appear 
Among  the  buzzing,  pleased  multitude  ; 
Where  every  something,  being  blent  together, 
Turns  to  a  wild  of  nothing,  save  of  joy 
Expressed,  and  not  expressed. 

1  The  Merchant  of  Venice,'  III.  ii. 
Carlyle  in  '  Oliver  Cromwell's  Letters 
and  Speeches,'  interlards  the  speeches  on 
his  own  account  with  expressions  of  applause, 
including  "  Hear,  hear  !  "  which  was  a 
Parliamentary  ejaculation  of  much  later 
date  ;  but  there  is  an  early  official  mention 
of  what  would  indicate  Parliamentary 
applause  in  the  record  in  the  *  Lords' 
Journals '  (vol.  xiii.  p.  334)  under  date 
11  Nov.,  1678:— 

"  The  Lord  Chancellor  gave  the  House  this 
Account :  '  That  he  had  delivered  at  the  Conference 
[with  the  Commons]  what  he  was  directed;  at 
which  there  was  a  very  great  Expression  of  Joy.' " 

POLITICIAN. 

MEDITERRANEAN  (10  S.  x.  308,  351).— MR. 
PIERPOINT'S  "by  the  Turks  called  the  'White 
Sea,'  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Black  Sea," 
suggests  an  explanation  of  a  passage  in  the 
'  Letters  of  Queen  Victoria.'  Near  the  end 
of  vol.  ii.,  I  think,  the  Queen  expresses 
wonder  at  the  Turks  proposing  at  the  out- 
break of  the  war  of  1853  to  undertake  opera- 
tions in  the  Black  Sea,  and  to  relegate  the 
British  fleet  to  "  the  White  Sea  !  "  She  no 
doubt  thought  this  a  Turkish  blunder,  and 
that  the  Baltic  was  intended.  '  D. 

"THE  ESSEX  SERPENT  "  (10  S.  x.  310).— 
CROSS  PATTE  will  find  in  an  eight-page 
tract  in  the  British  Museum  entitled  'Strange 
News  out  of  Essex  ;  or,  The  Winged  Serpent,' 
an  account  of  what  appears  to  be  the  origin 
of  this  curious  tavern-sign.  "  One  of  the 
most  venomous  Serpents  in  former  time," 
says  the  narrator, 

''lurked  about  the  Meads  near  Saffron  Walden,  in 
Essex,  who  by  his  very  sight  killed  so  many  as  the 
town  became  almost  depopulated,  when  a  valerous 
knight,  making  him  a  Coat  of  Christal  Glass,  boldly 
went  to  assail  this  Cockatrice  ;  but  her  venomous 
nature  not  able  to  indure  the  purity  of  that  fine 
metal,  she  suddenly  dyed,  in  memory  whereof  his 


sword  was  hung  up  in  Walden  Church,  the  effigies 
of  the  Cockatrice  set  up  in  Brass,  and  a  Table 
hanged  close  by,  wherein  was  continued  all  the 
story  of  the  adventure ;  but  in  these  late  times  of 
Rebellion,  it  being  taken  for  a  monument  of  super- 
stition, was  by  the  lawless  Souldiers  broken  in 
pieces,  to  show  they  were  also  of  venomous  Nature 
as  well  as  the  Cockatrice." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

An  account  of  the  well-known  tavern, 
bearing  this  name,  and  situate  in  King: 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  will  be  found  in 
Mr.  Holden  MacMichael's  exhaustive  work 
on  '  Charing  Cross  and  its  Immediate 
Neighbourhood,'  pp.  206,  207,  and  325. 

ALAN  STEWART. 

A  friend  of  mine  informs  me  that  Lar- 
wood  and  Hotten's  '  History  of  Signboards  ' 
is  getting  increasingly  difficult  to  come- 
across.  As  to  the  correctness  of  this  state- 
ment I  can  say  nothing,  but,  thinking  that 
it  may  not  have  been  seen  by  the  querist,. 
I  venture  to  quote  what  is  said  therein. 
The  authors  state  that  this  is  the  sign  of  a 
public-house  in  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
and  that  there  was  formerly  one  in  Charles- 
Street,  Westminster.  The  latter  street,  or 
as  much  as  is  now  left  of  it — virtually  the 
name  only — is  devoted  to  Government 
offices,  and  public-houses  know  it  no  more. 
They  further  state  that  the  name  arises 

"perhaps  in  allusion  to  a  fabulous  monster  recorded! 
in  a  catalogue  of  wonders  and  awful  prognostica- 
tions, in  a  broadside  of  1704,  from  which  we  learn 
that  before  Henry  II.  died  a  dragon  of  marvellous 
bigness  was  discovered  at  St.  Osyth  in  Essex." 

Altogether  there  seems  to  be  a  great  element 
of  uncertainty  about  its  origin,  as  no  counter- 
suggestion  is  put  forward  to  account  for  it  ; 
in  fact,  as  to  the  St.  Osyth  dragon  they  say 
there  is  no  evidence  "  other  than  the  above- 
mentioned  broadside."  In  a  foot-note  the 
authors  tell  us  that  the  broadside  was 
reprinted  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  15  January,  1859. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

[S.  D.  C.  also  refers  to  Larwood  and  Hotteri.  The 
broadside  printed  by  DR.  RiMBAULT  at  2  S.  vii.  42" 
merely  alludes  to  the  St.  Osyth  dragon  in  the  few 
words  copied  by  Larwood  and  Hotten.J 

DEATH  AFTER  LYING  (10  S.  x.  109,  157, 
195,  274).— 'The  Family  Topographer,'  by 
Samuel  Tymms,  1835,  vol.  v.  p.  30,  says  : — 

"In  Ashover  parish  register  is  this  remarkable 
entry  :  '  1660.  Dorothy  Matly,  supposed  wife  to- 
John  Flint  of  this  parish,  forswore  Herself,  where- 
upon the  ground  opened,  and  she  sunk  overhead, 
March  23,  and,  being  found  dead,  she  was  buriedl 
March  25.'" 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


REGIMENTAL  MARCHES  (10  S.  x.  167,  312, 
352). — Can  any  one  say  when  the  6th 
Dragoon  Guards  first  identified  itself  with 

*  I  'm  Ninety-five  '  ?     If  we  could  ascertain 
that,  we  should  have  some  clue  to  the  time 
when  the  song — lately  the  subject  of  inquiry 
in  these  columns — was  composed. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

"HASTLE"     (10    S.    x.     108).— Korting's 

*  Lateinisch-romanisches  Worterbuch  '  (1891) 
under  *fastigialis,  quotes  the  Spanish  hasticd, 
which  is  defined  as  "  Wand  in  der  Kirche, 
welche  denFenstern  gegeniiber  liegt."     Will 
this  throw  light  on  the  term  hastle  as  applied 
to  a  part  of  a  building  ? 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"  DISDAUNTED  "  (10  S.  x.  328,  352).— 
I  have  frequently  heard  this  word  used 
by  old  people  of  the  labouring  (agricultural) 
class  in  this  district.  Indeed,  I  might  almost 
say  that  it  is  commonly  used  by  them 
(instead  of  "undaunted").  I  have,  how- 
ever, never  seen  the  word  in  print. 

R.  VATJGHAN  GOWER. 
Ferndale  Lodge,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

CHARLES,  CARDINAL  ERSKINE  (10  S.  ix. 
87). — I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  por- 
trait of  this  cardinal.  Dr.  Brady  does  not 
mention  one.  Can  any  reader  kindly  tell 
me  where  one  is  to  be  seen  ?  Is  there  one 
in  the  Supplement  to  Guarnacci's  '  Vitae  '  ? 

W.  S. 

BISHOPS  AND  ABBOTS  (10  S.  x.  309). — 
Charles  Spence,  in  his  '  Essay  descriptive 
of  the  Abbey  Church  of  Romsey,'  1841, 
gives  biographical  details  of  the '  abbesses 
and  others  connected  with  that  abbey. 

FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

SNAKES  DRINKING  MILK  (10  S.  x.  265, 
316,  335). — On  the  connexion  between  snakes 
and  milk  in  folk-lore  see  J.  S.  Stallybrass's 
translation  of  '  Teutonic  Mythology,'  by 
Jacob  Grimm,  1883,  vol.  ii.  pp.  686-7. 

M.  P. 

KINGSLEY'S  *  LORRAINE,  LORRAINE, 
LORREE  '  (10  S.  x.  210,  278).— Barum  is, 
I  believe,  the  old  name  of  Barnstaple.  Does 
this  help  at  all  ?  T.  M.  W. 

HAMPSTEAD  IN  SONG  (10  S.  x.  187,  296). — 
4  Sunday  in  Hampstead,'  by  James  Thomson 
(1834-82),  might  be  noted. 

J.  R.  FITZGERALD. 

"WAINSCOT"  (10  S.  x.   325).— Is  not  vo 
a  possible  miscopying  of  w  ?  •          J.  T.  F. 
Durham. 


Jftisallatuous. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Roman  Life  and  Manners  under  the  Early  Empire. 
By  Ludwig  Friedlander.  Vol.  I.  Translated  by 
Leonard  A.  Magnus.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
TRANSLATORS  go  on  trying  their  hands  over  and 
over  again  on  Virgil  and  Horace,  and  by  no  means 
bettering  the  efforts  of  their  predecessors,  when 
there  are  several  books  of  great  importance  for 
classical  study  which  ought  to  have  been  translated 
long  ago.  Such  are  Lobeck's  *  Aglaophamus,' 
Rohde's  '  Psyche,1  and  the  volume  before  us,  the 

*  Sittensgeschichte  Roms '  of  a  leading  authority  on 
later  Rome.    Mr.  Magnus  has  taken  the  seventh 
and  enlarged  edition  of  this  masterly  book,  and 
given  us  a  very  readable  translation,  which  opens 
up  the  whole  world  of  the  later  Empire  to  the 
young  student.    The  book  ought  to  secure  a  wide 
circulation.    The  second  volume,  translated  by  Mr. 
J.  H.  Freese,  is  to  appear  next  year. 

SIR  ALFRED  LYALL  opens  The  Fortnightly  with 
an  able  summary  of  'The  State  in  its  Relation  to 
Eastern  and  Western  Religions,'  which  was  his 
Presidential  Address  at  the  recent  Congress  for 
the  History  of  Religions  at  Oxford.  Mr.  Francis 
Gribble  gives  some  interesting  details  of  '  Chateau- 
briand's First  Love,'  Miss  Charlotte  Ives,  whom  he 
met  in  his  exile  in  Suffolk.  It  does  not,  like  other 
stories  in  the  life  of  the  great  French  writer,  do 
credit  to  him.  *  Literature  in  Drama,'  by  Mr.  E.  A. 
Baughan,  is  full  of  notable  points,  though  not,  we, 
think,  entirely  just  in  its  verdicts.  Mr.  A.  R. 
Colquhoun  declares  that  'The  Only  Way  in 
Rhodesia'  is  to  devote  all  the  money  and  energy 
possible  to  bringing  in  a  population.  M.  Eugene 
Tavernier,  translated  by  Helen  Chisholm,  eulogizes 
the  career  of  '  Ferdinand  Brunetiere.'  Mrs.  A.  G. 
Hurd  in  '  Lost  Homes  and  New  Flats '  takes  a 
somewhat  exaggerated  view  of  the  disadvantages 
of  the  form  of  dwelling  which  is  covering  London. 
Mr.  Sydney  Brooks  thinks  that  Mr.  Taft  will  win 
'  The  American  Presidential  Election '  by  a  small 
margin  of  votes  only,  but  has  turned  out  a  bad 
prophet.  Mr.  W.  S.  Lilly  has  a  serious  discussion  of 

*  The  Right  of  the  Father,'  which  is  more  thoughtful 
than  attractive.    Fragments  of    'Au  Coaur  de  la 
Vie,'  by  Pierre  de  Coulevain,  are  translated  in  ad- 
vance of  its  publication,  and  display  an  interesting, 
though  wayward  personality.    Miss  Violet  Hunt 
has  in  '  A  Physical  Lien  '  a  clever,  but  unpleasant 
story  of  modern  love. 

IN  The  Cornhill  Mr.  Lucy's  *  Sixty  Years  in  the 
Wilderness'  are  as  bright  as  ever,  and  include 
several  testimonies  to  the  regard  which  his  work 
ha,s  secured.  Mr.  Austin  Dobson's  verses  'For  a 
Visitor's  Book'  are  pleasing,  but  slight.  Judge 
Parry  in  '  The  Box  Office '  seems  to  us  to  take  too 
narrow  a  view  of  the  effect  of  money  on  other 
professions  than  that  of  acting.  "  Some  men  do 
not  so  much  write  that  the  world  may  read  ;  rather 
because  it  is  in  them,  their  chiefest  happiness,  and 
because  the  spirit  giveth  them  utterance,"  is  a 


worth  getting 
this  month.  Mr.  J.  H.  Yoxall  has  all  the  airs  and 
graces  of  the  great  stylist  in  his  gossip  'Of  a 
Spinning-Wheel  and  a  Rifle,'  which  does  not  attrac 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 


us  particularly.  Lady  Robert  Cecil  pays  a  just 
tribute  to  '  Dorothea  Beale '  in  reviewing  the  recent 
biography  of  that  modern  mistress  of  education. 
Mr.  H.  G.  Hutchinson  writes  interestingly  on 
'English  Bird  Names,'  and  Miss  Dorothea  Deakin 
has  an  amusing  story  in  '  Miss  Primrose.'  Mr.  Walter 
Frith's '  An  Irish  Rajah '  deals  with  George  Thomas, 
once  independent  sovereign  of  Hurrianah,  but  does 
not  seem  quite  equal  to  presenting  the  attractions 
of  a  picturesque  figure. 

IN  The  Nineteenth  Century ',  'The  Crisis  in  the 
Near  East'  occupies  a  leading  position,  and  is 
treated  by  three  writers— Dr.  E.  Reich,  Col.  P.  H.  H. 
Massy,  and  Prof.  Vambery.  Mr.  J.  R.  Macdonald's 
views  of  *  Sweating  and  Wages  Boards  '  are  well 
worth  consideration.  Major  Baden-Powell  deals 
with  '  The  Problem  of  Aerial  Navigation,'  in  reply 
to  Prof.  Newcomb,  and  considers  that  the  new  type 
of  flying  machine  has  possibilities  in  the  near 
future.  Having  travelled  some  miles!  through  the 
air  in  the  machine  of  Mr.  Wilbur  Wright,  the 
writer  of  the  article  has  possibly  been  exhilarated 
beyond  reason.  We  cannot  consider  his  reply  to 
the  points  of  uncertainty,  danger,  expense,  and  in- 
efficiency as  satisfactory ;  still,  it  is  pleasant  to  see 
optimism  as  to  any  new  discovery.  '  India  under 
Crown  Government,  1858-1908,'  is  summarized  by 
Mr.  J.  Nisbet,  a  distinguished  expert  in  forestry ; 
but  the  summary  is  too  brief  and  general  to  have 
any  special  attractions.  Under  the  title  'An 
Unknown  Poet,'  Mr.  Frederic  Harrison  deals  with 
a  tiny  volume  of  thirty-five  sonnets,  bemoaning  the 
loss  of  a  beloved  wife.  Mr.  Harrison  thought  so 
highly  of  these  that  he  urged  the  author  to  add  to 
them,  and  this  year  they  have  apparently  appeared 
as  '  Thysia  :  an  Elegy  '  (Bell  &  Sons).  Accomplish- 
ment in  the  sonnet  form  is  now  so  high  that  we  can 
hardly  regard  the  verses  quoted  as  of  extraordinary 
merit.  It  is  clear  that  the  author  owes  much  to 
Tennyson,  though  he  has  also  the  gift  of  simplicity 
of  statement.  Mrs.  Henry  Birchen pugh  has  an 
entertaining  as  well  as  instructive  view  of  'Berlin 
revisited  by  a  British  Tourist ' ;  and  that  venerable 
artist  in  English,  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith,  asks  '  Has 
England  wronged  Ireland  ? ' 

IN  The  Burlington  Magazine,  the  editorial  articles 
deal  with  the  death  of  Dr.  S.  W.  Bushell,  a  great 
authority  on  Chinese  art ;  '  The  Commission  on 
Ancient  Monuments,'  which  we  regard  as  of  little 
value  unless  some  permanent  official  is  appointed  to 
look  after  them  ;  and  '  The  Profession  of  Archi- 
tecture.' Mr.  Guy  Dickins  has  an  important 
account  of  '  The  Art  of  Sparta '  as  discovered  in  the 
recent  excavations.  The  illustrations  show  that 
the  Spartans  by  no  means  confined  their  talents 
to  physical  culture  and  war.  Mr.  Roger  Fry's 
'  Notes  on  the  Pinakothek  at  Munich  '  is  a  review 
of  an  excellent  guide-book.  A  magnificent  chimney- 
piece  in  the  council  chamber  of  the  Hotel  of  the 
Liberty  of  Bruges,  designed  by  Lancelot  Blondeel 
in  1528,  is  an  illustration  to  an  article  on  Blondeel 
by  Mr.  W.  H.  J.  Weale,  which  is,  we  are  glad  to 
see,  to  be  continued.  Another  illustration  is  of 
'  The  Alchemist '  of  A.  van  Ostade,  in  the  possession 
of  Messrs.  Dowdeswell,  a  fascinating  picture  which 
has  a  special  interest  since  another  of  the  same 
subject  by  the  same  painter  is  in  the  National 
Gallery.  '  A  Dell  in  Helmingham  Park,'  by  John 
Constable,  is  also  reproduced,  as  well  as  'The 
Tavern  Concert,'  a  picture  attributed  to  Isack,  the 
brother  of  the  Ostude  mentioned  above.  This  does 


not  strike  us  as  of  particular  merit,  though  it  may,  of 
course,  be  strong  in  points  which  the  reproduction 
cannot  render. 

The  articles  in  The  Burlington  are  so  valuable 
that  we  hope  to  see  from  time  to  time  collections  off 
those  which  refer  to  the  same  subjects  reproduced 
in  book  form — that  is,  where  the  several  authors 
do  not  contemplate  books  themselves.  But  often 
these  books  never  arrive,  and  the  world  loses  the 
chance  of  having  the  best  notes  readily  accessible 
without  searching  through  a  multitude  of  numbers 
of  a  magazine. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — NOVEMBER. 

IF  the  number  of  catalogues  we  have  received 
during  the  past  fortnight  is  a  test  of  the  present 
state  of  the  book  trade,  it  must  certainly  be  in  a 
very  flourishing  condition,  and  among  the  works 
offered  for  sale  are  many  rarities. 

Mr.  P.  M.  Barnard  of  Tunbridge  Wells  has  in 
his  25th  Catalogue  a  number  of  books  under 
Genealogy  and  Heraldry,  and  British  Antiquities, 
besides  important  works  under  different  counties. 
There  is  a  fine  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  BossewelPs 
'  Armorie,' 4to,  London,  "Rychard  Tottyl  at  the 
signe  of  the  hande  and  starre,"  1572,  3?.  10s.  There 
is  also  a  fine  copy  of  Edmondson's  'Complete  Body 
of  Heraldry,'  1780,  with  book-plate  of  Lord  Sheffield, 
1780,  21.  12s.  Under  Roman  Britain  is  much  of 
interest.  There  are  long  lists  under  the  two 
Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  Scotch 
items  include  some  of  the  publications  of  The 
Maitland  Club,  all  these  being  bound  by  Zaehiis- 
dorf  in  levant. 

Mr.  Henry  Davey's  Catalogue  12  contains  works 
on  Africa,  America,  and  the  Civil  War  (the  last 
published  from  1642  to  1692).  There  is  an  interest- 
ing list  under  London.  Other  books  include  the 
first  edition  of  Alken's  'Sketch-Book,'  1821,  pub- 
lishers' binding,  II.  Is.;  Steevens  and  Chalmers's 
'Shakespeare,'  9  vols.,  8vo,  Blake's  illustrations, 
1805,  3?.  3s.;  and  first  edition  of  'Rokeby,'  4tor 
original  boards,  1813,  10s.  6d.  There  are  also  first 
editions  of  Swinburne's  poems. 

Messrs.  S.  Drayton  &  Sons  of  Exeter  issue  three 
Catalogues  196-8.  The  first  is  general.  No.  197 
relates  to  the  West  of  England,  and  No.  198  to 
Theology.  In  the  last  we  find  Hastings's  '  Bible 
Dictionary,'  5  vols.,  half-calf,  51.  5s.;  'Encyclo- 
paedia Biblica,'  4  vols.,  21.  18s.;  Alford's  Greek 
Testament,  4  vols.,  10s.  Qd.;  Tract  Ninety,  bound 
up  with  five  other  pamphlets,  3s.  6c?.;  and  Spur- 
geon's  '  Treasury  of  David,'  7  vols.,  18s. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards's  Catalogue  298  comprises 
the  contents  of  a  private  library  recently  purchased. 
It  contains  works  relating  to  America,  Australia, 
and  China.  Other  items  include  the  first  issues  of 
Ackermann's  coloured  books  on  the  Colleges  and 
Public  Schools  of  England,  with  History  of  West- 
minster Abbey,  1812-16,  70?.  ;  a  set  of  Hansard, 
1066  to  1904,  200?. ;  Dugdale's  '  Monasticon,'  8  vols., 
folio,  1846,  17?.  10s.  (published  at  150?.);  a  complete 
set  of  the  Hakluyt  Society  Publications,  857. ;  a  set 
of  the  Harleian  Society,  45?. ;  Boydell's  '  Shake- 
speare Gallery,'  also  the  Seven  Ages,  with  a  double 
set  of  the  plates,  open  letter  proofs,  and  etchings, 
75?.  ;  and  the  Edition  de  Luxe  of  George  Meredith, 
32  vols.,  15?.  Under  Oxfordshire  is  Ackermann's 
'  Oxford  University,'  2  vols.,  4to,  a  fine  large  copy 
with  the  rare  series  of  the  portraits  of  the  founders, 


10  B.  x.  NOV.  7,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


1814,  panelled  calf,  161.  There  is  a  collection  of  the 
magnificent  works  of  G.  B.  and  C.  F.  Piranesi,  the 
celebrated  engravers  and  architects,  19  vols., 
original  set,  95?.  The  whole  catalogue  is  rich  in 
treasures. 

Mr.  William  Glaisher's  Catalogue  361  is  devoted 
to  Remainders.  In  addition  to  a  general  list  of 
books  at  remarkably  low  prices,  there  is  a  long  list 
of  Medical  Remainders. 

Mr.  John  Grant  of  Edinburgh  does  not  number 
his  Catalogues,  and  we  suggest  that  he  should  do 
so.  His  October  list  contains  the  reissue  of  the 
large  edition  of  'Holbein's  Portraits,'  carefully 
coloured  after  the  originals  (only  50  so  printed), 
Edinburgh,  1884,  4?.  4-9.;  and  Morris's  'Seats  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,'  7  vols.,  4to  (including 


the  original  edition  of  Mrs.  Gaskell's  '  Life,'  1857, 


under  Occult  Literature  a  complete  set  of  Border- 
land, 1893-7,  4  vols.,  4to,  II.  18s.  6d.  There  are 
some  curious  old  medical  works.  A  set  of  Jerrold  s 
Shilling  Magazine,  5  vols.,  Punch  Office,  1845-7,  is 
priced  15s.  Prof.  Knight's  edition  of  Wordsworth, 
11  vols.,  is  II.  Us.  6d.  There  is  a  long  list  under 
Scotland  ;  and  under  Music  is  a  very  large  collec- 
tion, vocal  and  instrumental,  sacred  and  secular. 

Mr.  George  P.  Johnston  of  Edinburgh  has  in  his 
Catalogue  87  some  curious  rare  books.  There  is  the 
first  edition  of  James  VI.  on  '  Dsemonologie,'  1597, 
small  4to,  151.  This  copy  wants  (like  the  one 
described  in  Dickson  and  Edmond,  No.  236)  the 
blank  leaves  A  6  and  M  2.  Under  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  are  several  scarce  books,  including  '  Histoire 
et  Martyre  de  la  Royne  d'Escosse,  dovairiere  de 
France,  proche  heritiere  de  la  Royne  d'Angleterre,' 
Paris,  1589,  12mo,  crushed  French  levant,  1$. ;  and 
*  Oraison  Fvnebre  es  Obseqves  de  tres  Haute,  tres 
Puissante,  &  tres  Vertueuse  Princesse,  Marie  par 
la  grace  de  Dieu  Royne  douairiere  d'Escoce,'  Paris, 
1561,  71.  There  is  a  list  under  Fictitious  Scottish 
Imprints. 

Mr.  Robert  McCaskie's  Catalogue  30  contains  a 
number  of  Rowlandson's  plates  from  '  The  Micro- 
cosm,' 1808,  original  impressions  ;  also  miscellaneous 
etchings  and  caricatures  by  him.  Under  Historical 
Portraits  are  a  number  engraved  by  Houbraken, 
each  embellished  with  emblematical  ornament  by 
Gravelot,  original  impressions.  There  is  also  a 
good  general  list,  in  which  we  note  Tallin's  '  London 
Street  Views,'  many  of  the  buildings  having  tablets 
with  the  tradesmen's  addresses  of  the  late  forties, 
II.  18s.  6d. 

Messrs.  Myers  &  Co.  send  us  two  Catalogues, 
135  and  136.  The  former  contains  recent  purchases. 
We  note  Burgmair's  *  Le  Triomphe  de  rEmpereur 
Maximilian  I.,'  containing  135  engravings  on  wood 
(only  a  few  copies  of  this  rare  work  were  struck  off, 
for  fear  of  destroying  the  original  blocks,  which  are 

E reserved  in  the  Imperial  Library  at  Vienna),  folio, 
alf-russia,  a  fine  copy,  14Z.  14s.  A  collection  of 
Bunbury  and  Rowlandson's  caricatures,  made  by 
Algernon  F.  Greville,  private  secretary  to  the  Duke 
of  Wellington,  is  15/.  15s.  ;  and  a  collection  oJ 
caricatures  of  Pitt  and  Fox,  131.  13s.  The  illustrated 
Library  Edition  of  Dickens,  30  vols.,  half-calf,  is 


131.  ;  Dodsley's  'Old  English  Plays,'  15  vols., 
11.  15-s. ;  first  editions  of  '  The  Greville  Journals,7 
3?.  12s.  Qd.  ;  a  copy  of  the  original  subscribers' 
;hick-paper  edition  of  Grose's  'Antiquarian  and 
Picturesque  Works,'  19  vols.,  large  4to,  1781-1811, 
[81.  15s. ;  Orme's  '  Military  and  Naval  Anecdotes/ 
[to,  original  half-morocco,  uncut,  1815,  91.  10s.  ;  and 
a  fine  set  of  Hook's  '  Archbishops  of  Canterbury,' 
12  vols.,  tree  calf,  61.  Loggan's  'Oxonia  Depicta/ 
40  splendid  views,  folio,  1675,  is  III.  5s.  In  an 
album  of  drawings  (in  all  about  60)  by  Corbould  and 
others  are  four  by  Phiz  which  are  supposed  to  be 
unpublished,  14:1.  10s.  There  is  a  play  by  the  father 
of  our  old  contributor  Ebsworth,  'The  Two- 
Prisoners  of  Lyons,'  with  the  rare  portrait  of  Mr.. 
Baker  as  Bertrand  inserted,  "For  the  Author," 
1824,  10s. 

Catalogue  136  is  devoted  to  Engravings,  Portraits,. 
,nd  Autograph  Letters. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son's  Catalogue  213  is- 
rich  in  books  with  coloured  plates.  Under  Alken  we 
ind'Lifeof  a  Sportsman,'  1824,  211. ;  and  'John 
Mytton,'  1851,  11.  Is.  Under  Cruikshank  are  'Life 
in  London,'  1821,  14Z.  14s. ;  '  Life  in  Paris,'  1822, 
91.  9s.;  and  'The  English  Spy,'  1825,  23/.  The 
Rowlandsons  include  'The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,' 
1817,  10/.  15s.;  and  'Volunteers,'  1798, 26/.  10s.  Most 
of  these  are  sumptuously  bound  in  full  morocco. 
Under  Wordsworth  is  a  presentation  copy  of  '  The 
Excursion'  to  Talfourd,  Moxon,  1836,  10Z.  A 
curious  work,  Heywood's  '  History  of  Women,'  in- 
cludes a  long  account  about  witches,  1657,  31.  3s_ 
Under  Walpole  is  a  collection  of  18  vols.,  including 
Cunningham's  edition  of  the  '  Letters,'  151.  Other 
items  comprise  Shelley,  Buxtoii  Forman's  edition, 
8  vols.,  WL  18s.;  Scott's  'Familiar  Letters,'  extra- 
illustrated,  51.  15s.;  Omar  Khayyam,  Essex  Press, 
II.  13s.  (limited  to  88  copies),  Julia  Pardoe's  His- 
torical Works,  11.  7s. ;  and  Manning  and  Bray's; 
*  County  of  Surrey,'  extra-illustrated,  3  stout  vols., 
folio,  1804,  351.  There  are  interesting  items  under 
Chaucer,  Coleridge,  Court  Memoirs,  &c. 

Messrs.  Henry  Sotheran  &  Go.  devote  No.  686  of 
their  Price  Current  to  Books  in  Theology,  Anglican,. 
Roman,  and  Protestant,  both  English  and  Foreign. 
The  first  item  is  the  Ashburnham  copy  of  the-- 
'  London  Polyglott,'  1657-69,  351.  The  rare  second! 
edition  of  the  Coverdale  Bible  is  251. ;  a  set  of  '  The 
Library  of  Anglo-Catholic  Theology,'  88  vols.,  cloth, 
51. ;  Dr.  Copinger's  '  Bible  and  its  Transmission/ 
folio  (only  220  copies  printed),  1897,  21.  15s.;  and 
Daniel's  '  Thesaurus  Hymnologicus,'  51.  5s.  ("  The 
most  important  collection  of  the  ancient  ritual  song, 
of  the  Church  ever  published.")  Under  Dollinger 
is  '  The  Gentile  and  the  Jew,'  2  vols  ,  II.;  and  under 
Foxe  the  very  rare  first  English  edition,  John  Daye, 
1563,  311.  10s.  (no  perfect  copy  is  known  :  "  taken  as- 
a  whole,  the  present  is  a  fair  and  sound  copy "). 
Mrs.  Jameson  s  '  Legends  of  the  Madonna,'  '  Mo- 
nastic Orders,'  'Sacred  and  Legendary  Art,'  and' 
'History  of  our  Lord,'  together  6  vols.,  first 
editions,  are  01.  6s. ;  and  Lewes's  '  Problems  of 
Life,'  5  vols.,  21.  5s.  A  list  under  Newman  in- 
cludes a  set  of  his  Works,  35  vols.,  half-morocco, 
1870-84,  4£.  4s.;  and  the  first  edition  of  '  Apologia,' 
10s.  Qd.  There  are  also  lists  under  Pusey,  Farrar, 
Stanley,  &c.  A  complete  set  of  the  Huguenot 
Society's  Publications,  1885-1907,  is  13/.  13s.;  a 
Hebrew  manuscript,  '  Sefer  Jorah,'  or  scroll  of  the 
Law,  eighteenth  century,  1QL  10s.;  and  a  book  of 
'  Heures,'  illuminated  on  vellum,  circa  1516,  42£. 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7, 


Mr.  Albert  Sutton's  Manchester  Catalogue  164 
contains  works  relating  to  America,  Angling, 
Architecture,  and  Wales.  A  set  of  '  Bibliographica,' 
3  vols.,  is  31.  10s.;  Chetham  Society's  Publications, 
1840-1906,  168  vols.,  24Z.;  Coleridge's  Works,  Moxon 
and  Pickering  editions,  20  vols.,  1839-73 ;  4£.  15s.  ; 
and  a  set  of  Hazlitt,  mostly  Templeman's  editions, 
25  vols.,  1816-68,  11. 

[Notices  of  several  other  Catalogues  are  held  over 
from  lack  of  space.] 

So  many  of  our  contributors  and  inquirers  are 
interested  in  family  history  that  we  think  it  worth 
while  to  call  special  attention  to  '  The  Inter- 
national Genealogical  Directory,'  which  is  due  to 
the  energy  of  Mr.  Charles  A.  Bernau,  of  Pendeen, 
Walton-on-Thames.  A  revised  edition  of  this  will 
be  published  early  in  1909,  in  which  special  pains 
will  be  taken  to  include  the  names  only  of  trust- 
worthy workers  and  searchers.  The  first  edition 
was  published  in  June  of  last  year,  and  noticed  by 
us  at  10  S.  viii.  220.  It  represented  the  co-operation 
of  1,387  genealogical  students,  amateur  and  pro- 
fessional, and  we  pointed  out  that  it  was  likely  to 
prevent  a  good  deal  of  overlapping  by  two  in- 
dependent workers  who  are  attacking  one  pedigree. 
The  editor  was  further,  we  think,  fully  justified  in 
Claiming  for  his  work  a  hearty  welcome  and  support 
in  many  countries.  He  has  since  publication  re- 
ceived over  900  letters  from  contributors  who  state 
their  satisfaction  with  his  new  system  of  co- 
operation, and  this  chorus  of  applause  is  enough  to 
satisfy  the  most  careful  and  cautious  of  inquirers. 
Unfortunately,  one  or  two  cases  which  have 
come  within  our  ken  justify  such  caution,  and 
it  is  for  this  reason  that  we  mention  above  the 
editor's  care  to  secure  genuine  workers  on  his 
list.  Part  I.  contains  a  list  of  such  workers, 
mainly  resident  in  the  United  Kingdom,  but 
representing  also  virtually  every  other  civilized 
country.  Part  II.  contains  an  alphabetical  list  of 
the  surnames  of  the  chief  families  (about  4,500)  in 
whose  history  those  mentioned  in  Part  I.  are 
interested,  and  a  simple  system  of  numbers 
facilitates  reference  between  the  two  sections. 
Part  III.  is  a  collection  of  queries  which 
workers  in  Part  I.  want  answered.  The  system  is, 
.as  we  have  said  before,  so  practical  and  businesslike 
that  it  ought  to  be  generally  regarded  with  favour. 
A  great  deal  of  labour  is,  of  course,  involved,  and  it 
is  probable  that  several  thousands  of  new  surnames 
will  be  included  in  the  second  edition.  Mr.  Bernau 
seems  in  a  fair  way  to  say  with  ^Eneas  : — 

Quae  regio  in  terris  nostri  rion  plena  laboris, 
and  his  circulation  will,  so  far  as  we  can  see,  be 
better  justified  than  that  of  many  "  best  sellers." 
In  our  own  columns  we  have  done  and  do  a  good 
deal  for  genealogists,  but  we  feel  that  many 
researches  which  are  only  of  private  interest  would 
be  better  conducted  by  a  special  publication  devoted 
to  them. 

THE  SIMPLIFIED  SPELLING  SOCIETY  has  recently 
sent  out  its  prospectus.  Prof.  Skeat  is  its  Presi- 
dent, and  the  Vice-Presidents  and  Committee  form 
a  goodly  show  of  the  leading  philologists.  The 
Secretary  is  Mr.  William  Archer,  and  the  offices  of 
the  Society  are  at  44,  Great  Russell  Street, 
W.C.  The  Society  has  been  founded  "in  order 
to  promote  a  better  understanding  of  the 
history  of  English  Spelling  ;  to  advocate  the 


gradual  introduction  of  such  reforms  as  shall 
remove  the  difficulties  placed  by  our  present 
chaotic  spelling  in  the  way  of  children  and 
foreigners ;  and  to  provide  teachers  and  others 
who  are  acutely  conscious  of  these  difficulties  with 
an  organization  for  furthering  their  views."  It  is 
added  that  "though  entirely  distinct  from  the 
Simplified  Spelling  Board  of  the  United  States,  the 
Society  will  cordially  co-operate  with  that  body." 

Prof.  Skeat's  Presidential  Address,  forwarded 
together  with  the  circular,  explains  lucidly  the 
objects  of  the  Society.  The  minimum  annual  sub- 
scription has  been  placed  at  a  shilling,  and  member- 
ship is  open  to  all  who,  without  committing  them- 
selves to  particular  proposals,  think  generally  that 
"  English  Spelling  ought  to  be  brought  more  into 
harmony  with  reason  and  convenience." 

At  the  time  when  President  Roosevelt  introduced 
his  new  spelling,  the  whole  subject  was  thoroughly 
ventilated,  and  we  do  not  consequently  ask  our 
contributors  to  give  us  their  varying  views  as  to  the 
advisability  of  reform,  and  the  best  means  to  carry 
it  out,  if  it  is  desirable. 


MR.  WILLIAM  ANDREWS,  who  died  at  Hull  on 
the2ndinst.,  aged  60,  was  an  occasional  contributor 
to  these  columns.  He  was  a  Nottinghamshire  man, 
and  in  early  life  was  a  clerk  in  Hull,  which  became 
his  home.  For  some  years  he  conducted  a  printing 
and  publishing  business,  but  since  1900  he  had  been 
the  Librarian  of  the  Hull  Subscription  Library, 
and  was  intimately  connected  with  all  the  literary 
societies  of  the  town.  He  was  the  compiler  of 
many  popular  volumes  on  the  "Byegone"  history 
of  Yorkshire  and  other  counties,  and  on  Church 
customs  and  similar  matters.  His  articles  in  the 
Ninth  Series  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  occupy  about  half  a 
column  in  the  last  General  Index. 


ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  t  he  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

W.  R.  C.—  Thanks  for  courtesy  in  sending  stamps. 

J.  P.  G.  ("Kitty,  a  fair  but  frozen  maid").— 
Anticipated  by  PROF.  BEN  SLY  at  10  S.  ix.  317. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR  ("Great  fleas  have  little 
fleas.")—  Quoted  by  De  Morgan  in  his  *  Budget  of 
Paradoxes,'  p.  377,  but  founded  on  lines  in  Swift's 
'Poetry  :  a  Rhapsody.' 


T>  OOKS.  —ALL      OUT  -  OF  -  PRINT      BOOKS 

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STANDARD  PUBLICATIONS.  Mid  for  all  AMERICAN  BOOKS. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


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BOOKSELLERS'  ADVERTISEMENTS  (NOVEMBER). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 


BOOKBUYERS 

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(Formerly    MAC  MILL  AN    &    BOWES) 

CATALOGUE  322— containing  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  Prof.  JOHN  STRAHAN  and  other  recent  Purchases. 
Free  on  application. 

JOHN  MILTON.  Facsimile  of  the  MANUSCRIPTS 
OF  MILTON'S  MINOR  POEMS,  preserved  in  the  Library  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.  With  Preface  and  Notes,  by  W.  ALOIS 
WRIGHT.  Folio,  privately  printed,  1899,  in  cloth  box,  31s.  6d.;  or 
half-bound,  roxburghe  style,  21.  2s. 

V  Only  a  few  copies  left. 

S.  LEIGH  SOTHEBY'S  RAMBLES  IN  THE  ELUCI- 
DATION OF  THE  AUTOGRAPH  OP  MILTON,  1861.  Folio.  16«. 
Catalogue  of  Portraits,  &c.,  exhibited  at  MILTON  TERCEN- 
TENARY, Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  1908.  Many  Portraits.  Ac. 
3s.  6d.  post  free.  

1,  TRINITY  STREET,  CAMBRIDGE. 


ALBERT    SUTTON, 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKSELLER, 
43,  BRIDGE  STREET,   MANCHESTER. 

Libraries  Purchased.    Probate  Valuations  undertaken  by 
Licensed  Valuers  of  twenty  years'  experience. 

Distance  no  object. 

The  following  Catalogues  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any 
Part  of  the  World  :— 

BRITISH  TOPOGRAPHY  ..  48  pages. 

HERALDRY  AND  ARCHAEOLOGY 

MILITARY  LITERATURE 

YORKSHIRE  TOPOGRAPHY 

ENGLISH  LAKE  BOOKS 

AFRICAN  TRAVELS        ..  •    ... 

REPRINTS  OF  EARLY  BOOKS    . 

BOOK  BARGAINS 


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AND    OF    SEVERAL    LEARNED    SOCIETIES. 

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A  Large  Stock  of  French,  German,  Italian,  Spanish,  Dutch, 

Swedish,  Russian,  and  Oriental  Books  kept  on 

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CATALOGUES  GRATIS  ON  APPLICATION. 


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OLD     ENGLISH      LITERATURE, 

TOPOGRAPHY,  GENEALOGY,  TRACTS, 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  7,  iocs. 


SOME     STANDARD^  ^AUTHORS'    WORKS. 

THE    "HAWORTH"    EDITION    OF   THE 
LIFE    AND    WORKS    OF    THE    SISTERS    BRONTE. 

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the  eminent  Bronte  authority. 

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large  crown  Svo,  bound  in  cloth,  gilt  top,  with  a  Portrait  Frontispiece  to  each  Volume,  7s.  6rf.  per  vol. 
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ELIZABETH  BARRETT  BROWNING'S  POETICAL  WORKS.      Cheaper  Edition. 

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Contents  .-—Old  Kensington— The  Village  on  the  Cliff— Five  Old  Friends  and  a  Young  Prince— To  Esther,  &c.— Blue- 
beard's Keys,  &c.— The  Story  of  Elizabeth ;  Two  Hours ;  From  an  Island— Toilers  and  Spinsters— Miss  Angel ;  Fulhani 
Lawn— Miss  Williamson's  Divagations— Mrs.  Dymond. 

WORKS  BY 
JOHN  ADDINGTON  SYMONDS. 

UNIFOKM  EDITION. 
THE   RENAISSANCE  IN    ITALY.      New 

and  Cheaper  Edition,  in  7  vols.  large  crown  Svo. 

THE  AGE  OF  THE  DESPOTS.  With  a  Portrait.  7s.  M. 
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THE  FINE  ARTS.    7s.  6d. 
ITALIAN  LITERATURE.    2  vols.    15s. 
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SKETCHES   AND   STUDIES   IN    ITALY 

AND  GREECE.  3  vols.  large  crown  Svo,  Is.  6d.  each. 
V  In  preparing  this  New  Edition  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  A.  Symonds' 
Three  Volumes  of  Travel,  '  Sketches  in  Italy  and  Greece,' '  Sketches 
and  Studies  in  Italy,'  and  'Italian  Byways,'  nothing  has  been  changed 
except  the  order  of  the  Essays.  For  the  convenience  of  travellers  a 
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SHAKESPEARE'S  PREDECESSORS  IN 

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WORKS  BY 
THE   LATE    MATTHEW  ARNOLD. 

LAST     ESSAYS     ON     CHURCH      AND 

RELIGION.    By  MATTHEW  ARNOLD.    Popular  Edition,  with 
a  Preface.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d. 

MIXED    ESSAYS.       Popular    Edition. 

Contents:— Democracy— Equality— Irish  Catholicism  and  British 
Liberalism— Porro  Unum  est  Necessarinm—A.  Guide  to  English 
Literature— Falkland— A  French  Critic  on  Milton— A  French  Critic 
on  Goethe — George  Sand. 

LITERATURE  AND  DOGMA:  an  Essay 

towards  a  Better  Apprehension  of  the  Bible.      Popular  Edition, 
with  a  New  Preface.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d. 

GOD  AND   THE   BIBLE:   a  Sequel  to 

'  Literature  and  Dogma."    Popular  Edition,  with  a  New  Preface. 
Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d. 

ST.     PAUL     AND      PROTESTANTISM. 

With  other  Essays.    Popular  Edition,  with  a  New  Preface.  Crown 
Svo,  2s.  6d. 

Contents :— St.  Paul  and  Protestantism— Puritanism  and  the  Church 
of  England— Modern  Dissent— A  Comment  on  Christmas. 

CULTURE  AND  ANARCHY:    an  Essay 

on  Political  and  Social  Criticism.    Popular  Edition.    Crown  Svo, 
2«.  6d. 

IRISH  ESSAYS,  and  others.    Popular 

Edition.    Crown  Svo,  2g.  6d. 

ON   THE   STUDY  OF  CELTIC   LBTERA- 

TURE.    Popular  Edition.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d. 

ON  TRANSLATING  HOMER.     Popular 

Edition.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d. 

FRIENDSHIP'S     GARLAND.      Popular 

Edition.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d. 

PASSAGES     FROM      THE      PROSE 

WRITINGS  OF  MATTHEW  ARNOLD.    Crown  Svo,  Is.  6d. 
Contents:— I.  Literature.  2.  Politics  and  Society.  3.  Philosophy  and 
Religion.  

MATTHEW  ARNOLD'S   NOTE-BOOKS. 

By  the  Hon.  Mrs.  WOODEHOUSE,  with  a  Portrait.  SECOND 
IMPRESSION.    Small  crown  Svo,  4s.  6d. 


Also  the  following  Volumes : — 
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381 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  Ik,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  255. 

NOTES  :— Queen  Elizabeth's  Day,  381— St.  Martin  Pomeroy, 
382— Burton's  '  Anatomy,'  383 — The  Fifth  of  November, 
384— "  Moloker,"  Yiddish  Term  — Phillis  Wheatley  and 
her  Poems,  385 — "Stonehenjre  "— Lancasters  of  Milverton, 
386— Lord  Melbourne  and  Thackeray—"  Butter  out  of  a 
dog's  mouth" — Higgs  Family — Restriction  upon  Candle- 
Making,  387. 

QUERIES  :— Statues  and  Memorials  in  the  British  Isles, 
387— "A  glutted  tiger"— First  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons— Ernisius :  a  Proper  Name— Milton  Relic— Rod 
of  Brickwork,  388  —  Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted— 
Hawkins  Family  —  MacDonald :  MacQueen  —  Military 
Bank-Note,  389— Jeffrey  Hudson  the  Dwarf— Mr.  Reping- 
ton — Bishops  and  Parliamentary  Elections — Bandy  Leg 
Walk— George  IV.'s  Early  Household— TH  as  a  Symbol, 
390. 

REPLIES  :— Silas  Told,  390— Omar  Khayyam  Bibliography 
— "  Bontire,"  391 — Clergy  in  Wigs — The  Bonassus — Midday 
at  Bale— Capital  Punishment  in  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
392 — Campbell :  its  Pronunciation — Bennett  of  Baldock, 
393— Augvaldsnaes  Church,  Norway— Bridal  Stone,  394— 
Kipling  on  Shakespeare—"  O  dear  no  ! " — Billy  Butler  the 
Hunting  Parson,  395— Haldane— Emigrants  to  America— 
Scots  Greys— The  Glamis  Mystery— Shakespeare's  Epitaph, 
396— Authors  Wanted— Ovoca  or  Avoca— E.  Morris,  M.P. 
—The  Bastinado,  397— Manor  Rolls— "  Cotteswold  "  in 
Italian — "Targe" — British  Envoy  at  Warsaw — Extra- 
ordinary Contemporary  Animals— Donkeys  and  Measles- 
Missing  Word,  398. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Dictionary  of  French  Quotations ' 
—'Folk-lore  in  Lowland  Scotland'— Hall  Caine's  'My 
Story '— '  The  National  Review.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


QUEEN    ELIZABETH'S    DAY, 
17    NOVEMBER. 

ELIZABETH  became  Queen  on  17  Novem- 
ber, 1558,  exactly  350  years  ago.  The  day 
was  annually  observed,  partly  on  politico- 
religious  grounds,  but  in  a  popular  and 
spontaneous  fashion,  far  down  into  the 
•eighteenth  century — a  distinction  which 
has  been  gained  by  no  other  English  monarch. 
When  its  observation  ceased  I  do  not  know, 
but  at  present  the  only  notice  of  the  day  is 
at  Westminster  School  (or  rather  the  Royal 
College  of  St.  Peter  at  Westminster),  of 
which  Elizabeth  was  the  foundress,  where  the 
annual  Commemoration  in  the  Abbey  takes 
place  on  17  November. 

Nearly  all  the  extracts  in  the  following 
catena,  from  1595  to  1718,  relate  to  the 
celebration  of  the  "  Queen's  Day." 

Bishop  John  Kinge,  *  Lectvres  vpon 
lonas,'  1597,  p.  138  :— 

"  An  othe  of  association  was  taken  in  many  places 

•of  this  land  (I  know  not  if  in  the  whole) for  the 

pursuite  and  extirpation  of  those  persons who  by 

trecherous  machination  should  violate  the  life  and 
orowne  of  our  gracious  Soveraigne." 

On  pp.  398-401  is  a  long  passage  in  praise 
of  her,  especially  for  her  resistance  to  the 


Papacy :  "  wee  ring  our  belles  for  ioy, 
and  giue  eare  to  the  noise  of  timbrelles 
and  tabrets." 

On  pp.  685-706  is  a  separate  sermon  : — : 

"A  sermon  preached  in  Yorke  the  seventeenth 
day  of  Novenioer  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lorde  1595. 
being  the  Queenes  day." 

'Shirburn  Ballads,'  ed.  A.  Clark,  1907, 
p.  177  :— 

1600.  Ballad  on  Queen  Elizabeth's  accession 
day,  17  Nov.,  bell-ringing,  &c. 

Bishop  Lewis  Bayly,  *  Practice  of  Piety,' 
1605  (under  the  seventh  of  "  Ten  Reasons 
demonstrating  the  commandment  of  the 
Sabbath  to  be  moral  ")  : — 

[David  died]  "after  he  had  liv'd  ten  times  seven 

years;  so  did  Galen,  so  did  Petrarch so  did  the 

maiden  Queen  Elizabeth,  of  blessed  and  never-dying 
memory;  who  came  into  the  world  on  the  eve  of 
the  Nativity  of  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary ;  arid  went 
out  of  it  on  the  eve  of  the  Annunciation  of  the 
blessed  Virgin  Mary :  She  was,  she  is  (\v  hat  can 
there  more  oe  said),  in  earth  the  first,  in  heaven 
the  second  Maid." 

Henry  Hammond,  '  Vindication  of  the 
Liturgy,'  ed.  3,  1646,  p.  45  : — 

' '  the  pattern  of  Queen  Elizabeths  tim  e the 

erection  of  her  very  picture  in  some  churches,  and 
solemnization  of  a  day  for  her  annuall  remem- 
brance." 

Christopher  Cartwright,  '  Certamen  Reli- 
giosum,'  1652,  ii.  158,  thinks  it  strange  that 
the  Marquess  of  Worcester  should  inveigh 
against  the  title  "  head  of  the  church " 
"  given  to  that  Queen  of  happy  memory, 
Q.  Elizabeth." 

Henry  Stubbes,  in  '  Rosemary  &  Bayes,' 
1672,  p.  22  :— 

"  I  retain  the  sentiments  of  the  age  of  old  Elsibeth 

let  us    admire    the  wisdom,    and    retain    the 

religion  of  those  times." 

'  Calendar  of  Ormonde  MSS.,'  N.S.,  iv. 
472:— 

1678.  "On  the    5th  of   November  there   were 
several  very  chargeable  and  costly  Popes  that  went 
to  wrack,  and  I  hear    that   there  will    be    great 
solemnities    in  the  city  on    the  birthday  [sic]   of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  which  is  about  the  18th  of  this 
month  ;  and  it  is  certain  that  a  constable  brought 
one  lately  before  a  justice  of  peace  for  speaking- 
treason  against  Queen  Elizabeth." 

In  the  same,  p.  561  : — 

Nov.,  1679.  "  It  is  incredible  what  multitudes  of 
people  met  on  the  17th  instant  to  celebrate  Queen 

Elizabeth's  night The  celebrating  thus  the 

memory  of  one  Prince  is  doubtless  matter  of 
advertisement  to  another." 

1679.  "  London's  Defiance    to    Rome,   a  perfect 
Narrative  of  the  magnificent  Procession  and  solemn 
Burning  of  the  Pope  at  Temple  Bar,  Nov.  1679,  with 
a  description  of  the  Habits,  Fireworks,  Songs,"  &c. 
Two  leaves,  folio. 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  im 


'  Hatton  Correspondence,'  Camd.  Soc., 
i.  203  :— 

1679.  "  Monday  next   being   Queen   Elizabeth's 
birthday,  Sr  Rob.  Peyton  and  ye  pope  are  to  be  burnt 
together  in  effigie  before   yc  King's   Head,    nere 
Temple  Bar,  were  Sr  Robert's  club  wase  kept."' 

1680.  *'  The    S9lemn    Mock-Procession,    or    the 
tryall  and  execution  of  the  Pope  and  his  Ministers 
at  Temple  Bar,  Nov.  17,  where  being  brought  before 
the  figure  of  Q.   Elizabeth,  he  received  his  first 
sentence,     afterwards     before     the     tribunal     of 
Charles  ii.,"  &c.  4to,  6  pages. 

1681.  '  History  of  the  late  Proceedings  [burning  a 
Pope]  of  the  Students  of  the  Colledge  at  Eden- 
borough,'  1681  (ante,  p.  60). 

1682.  John  Dryden,  '  Religio  Laici,' 
pref.  (ed.  Bell,  ii.  42)  :— 

"  Now  they  celebrate  Queen  Elizabeth  birthnight, 
as  that  of  their  saint  and  patroness." 

1682.  Prologue  to  '  The  Loyal  Brother  ' 
gives  a  description  of  the  burning  of  the 
Pope  on  "  queen  Bess's  night "  (iii.  266, 
and  237). 

'  Hatton  Correspondence,'  ii.  102  : — 

Nov.,  1688.  "  I  cant  think  London  a  very  safe 
place,  because  ye  prentices  doe  daily  comitt 
disorders  in  great  numbers,  and  doe  threten  even 
ye  great  chappell,  for  wch  reason  tis  said  ye  King 
deferr'cl  his  journey  till  after  Q.  Elizabeth's  birth- 
day." 

1711.  "Account  of  the  Mock  Procession  of 
Burning  the  Pope  and  the  Chev.  de  St.  George 
intended  to  be  performed  on  Queen  Elizabeth's 
Day."  Folio,  broadside. 

The  Free-Thinker,  No.  68,  14  Nov.,  1718 
(ed.  4,  1742,  ii.  60),  in  an  account  of  "publick 
spectacles "  which  are  "  very  proper," 
includes 

"  the  ancient  and  laudable  custom  of  burning  the 
Pope  on  the  fifth  of  November  ;  and  in  commemora- 
tion of  Queen  Elizabeth.  I  am  sorry  to  see  this 
ceremony  is  not  performed,  of  late  years,  with  the 
usual  pomp  and  triumph." 

W.  C.  B. 


ST.     MARTIN     POMEROY     AND     THE 
ROMAN    POMOERIUM. 

IT  is  somewhat  late  to  offer  observations 
on  Mr.  Gomme's  '  Governance  of  London  '  ; 
my  excuse  is  that  only  now  have  I  found 
opportunity  of  giving  attention  to  a  point 
that  struck  me  on  a  first  hurried  reading  of 
the  book. 

As  has  been  said  in  The  Athenceum,  Mr. 
Gomme's  "  principal  thesis  is  that  long  after 
the  departure  of  the  main  body  of  the 
Romans  from  Britain,  London  remained 
essentially  Roman  in  constitution."  In 
support  of  this  hypothesis  of  continuity 
Mr.  Gomme  refers  to  the  London  place-name 
St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  finding  an  analogy  in  a 
name  occurring  in  another  Roman  city  of 


Britain,  Dorchester,  where  is  an  open  space- 
called  "  The  Pummery."  "  I  identify,"  h&j 
says,  "  this  popular  name  with  the  more 
dignified  addendum  to  the  saint-name  in 
London,  '  Pomroy.'  "  He  derives  both  from 
the  Roman  pomcerium.  "  In  the  second 
name  of  the  London  parish,  and  the  tradi- 
tional name  of  the  Dorchester  playground,, 
we  have  two  identical  relics  of  the  ancient 
Roman  system  of  laying  out  a  city."- 
Pp.  84-5. 

The  hypothesis  is  fascinating ;  but  Mr.. 
Gomme  will  admit  that  a  suggestion  so- 
interesting  and  important  in  relation  to  the- 
topography  of  London  should  be  tested 
before  final  acceptance.  We  have  to  ask 
whether  these  two  names  do  not  admit 
of  a  more  probable  explanation.  Let  us 
take  first  the  case  of  "  The  Pummery "  of 
Dorchester.  The  Latin  word  pomariumr 
apple-orchard,  became  in  French  pommeraier 
which  in  English  became  "  pomary."  Dr. 
Murray's  Dictionary  gives  examples  of  the- 
use  of  "  pomary  "  in  1380  and  1400.  Now  if,, 
as  we  should  do,  we  give  the  sound  of  u  to> 
the  o  in  these  two  words,  we  get  exactly  the* 
"  pummery "  of  Dorchester.  Is  it  not- 
probable  that  the  name  indicates  that  "  The 
Pummery  "  was  originally  an  orchard  ? 

The  origin  of  the  suffix  Pomroy  or  Pomeroy 
to  the  saint-name  Martin  is  not  so  obvious- 
Potnmeraie  became,  with  variations,  tho- 
name  of  many  places  in  France  :  I  take  these- 
from  the  French  '  Annuaire  de  Commerce  *  s 
Pomarede  (twice),  Pomarez,  Pomayrols,. 
Pomerol,  Pomerols,  Pommera,  la  Pommeraie- 
(twice),  la  Pommeraye  (twice),  Pommeret,, 
Pommereuil,  Pommereaux,  Pommerieux,, 
Pommerit-Jaudy,  Pommerit-Vicomte,,  Pom- 
merol.  Many  of  these  places  are  in  Nor- 
mandy, for,  as  Bescherelle  says,  "  Eh  Nor- 
mandie  et  en  Bretagne  les  campagnes  sont 
couvertes  de  pommeraies."  From  these- 
place-names  are  derived  surnames,:  I  take- 
these  from  the  Paris  Directory  :  Pommerat,. 
Pommeray,  Pommere,  Pommereau,,  Pom- 
meret,  Pommery,  Pommerolle.  In  England 
we  have  the  not  uncommon  name  Pomeroy,. 
its  first  bearer  here  being  Ralph  de- Pomeroy 
(in  Domesday  Book  Pomerei),  to>whom  the1 
Conqueror  gave  fifty-eight  lordships  in 
Devon:  to  this  day  two  bear  his  name — 
Berry  Pomeroy  and  Stockley  Pomeroy.. 

Now  it  is  well  known  that  several' London 
parishes  and  churches  bore,  as  a  suffix  to  the  • 
saint's  name,  the  name  of  a  founder  or  bena- 
f actor.  Thus  St.  Laurence  Poulteney  was- 
so  called  after  Sir  John  Poulteney,  Mayor- 
of  London  in  1330,  1331,  1333,  and'1336.  In 
like  manner  St.  Benet  Eink, .  St..  Benet^ 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  14, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Sherehog,  St.  Mary  Mounthaunt  (or  Montalt) 
and  St.  Martin  Outwich  preserve  the  names 
of  benefactors.  Other  cases,  in  which  the 
origin  of  the  personal  name  is  not  perhaps 
established,  are  St.  Andrew  Hubbard  (or 
Hubert),  St.  Peter-le-Poer,  St.  Margaret 
Moses,  St.  Mary  Colechurch,  St.  Katherine 
Coleman,  St.  Martin  Orgar,  and  St.  Nicholas 
Hacoun.  The  Pomeroys  were  a  family 
numerous  and  powerful  ;  members  of  it 
were  connected  with  London.  If  it  happened 
that  a  Pomeroy  was  a  benefactor  of  the 
church  of  St.  Martin  in  Ironmonger  Lane, 
it  would  be  quite  in  the  ordinary  course  that 
the  church  should  be  differentiated  from 
others  dedicated  to  St.  Martin  by  the  addi- 
tion of  the  name  Pomeroy.  This  would 
bring  St.  Martin  Pomeroy  into  line  with  the 
manors  of  Berry  Pomeroy  and  Stockley 
Pomeroy.  But  Pomeroy  is  not  the  form 
of  the  second  name  in  early  records.  In 
Dr.  Sharpe's  '  Calendar  of  Wills  proved  and 
enrolled  in  the  Court  of  Husting,  London,' 
the  church  is  frequently  mentioned.  From 
1305  to  1445  it  is  called  St.  Martin  Pomer, 
St.  Martin  Pomers ;  once  only  St.  Martin  de 
Pomers.  Not  till  1505  does  the  name  become 
St.  Martin  Pomere  :  in  1630  it  is  St.  Martin 
Pomerye,  where  the  second  name  is  practic- 
ally the  same  as  Pomeroy.  I  will  presently 
return  to  these  early  forms.  Meanwhile 
we  have  to  note  a  form  fatal  to  the  supposi- 
tion that  the  church  took  its  second  name 
from  a  member  of  the  family  of  Pomeroy. 

In  '  Liber  Custumarum '  (Rolls  Series, 
ed.  Riley,  vol.  ii.  pp.  230,  237),  under  date 
1302,  we  find  in  a  list  of  churches  "  Sanctus 
Martinus  de  Pomerio  "  and  "  Sanctus  Mar- 
tinus  in  Pomerio."  At  first  sight  these  names 
seem  to  bring  full  confirmation  of  Mr.  Gomme's 
theory.  But  if  we  turn  to  Ducange's  '  Glos- 
sarium,'  we  find  that  in  mediaeval  Latin 
pomerium  took  the  place  of  the  classical 
pomarium  as  the  name  for  apple-orchard, 
pomarium  coming  to  mean  merely  a  place 
for  the  storing  of  apples  :  "  Pomarium  est 
ubi  poma  ponuntur  :  pomerium  ubi  poma 
nascuntur."  Ducange  even  gives  an  in- 
stance of  the  use,  in  1084,  of  the  word 
pomcerium  with  the  meaning  of  orchard. 
"  Sanctus  Martinus  in  Pomerio  "  is  therefore 
to  be  translated  "  St.  Martin-in-the-Orchard." 
We  cannot  admit  the  supposition  that  the 
forms  in  the  '  Liber  Custumarum '  are  due 
to  caprice  or  conjecture  on  the  part  of  a 
scribe,  for  in  '  Taxatio  Ecclesiastica,  circa 
A.D.  1291  '  (Record  Comm.),  we  find  a  rever- 
sion to  the  classical  pomarium  :  "  Sc'i 
Martini  Pomarii,"  "  Sc'i  Martini  de  Pomar'," 
"  Sc'i  Martini  in  Pomario  "  (pp.  9,  9b,  10). 


To  return  to  the  early  forms  "  Pomer  "  and1 
"  Pomers."  These  seem  to  be  derived  from 
pommier,  an  apple- tree  (pronounced  as  if 
written  with  a  single  m),  which  was,  in  old 
French,  pumer,  in  Proven£al  pomer. 
To  conclude,  let  us  turn  to  S  tow's  '  Survey ' : 
"In  this  lane  [Ironmonger  Lane]  is  the  smal 
parish  church  of  St.  Martin  called  Pomary,  upon 
what  occasion  I  certainly  know  not.  It  is  supposed 
to  be  of  apples  growing  where  houses  are  now  lately 
built :  for  myself  have  seen  large  void  spaces 
there."-Ed.  Thorns,  p.  102. 

It  appears,  then,  that  even  so  late  as  Stow 
there  lingered  a  tradition  that  the  name  waa 
derived  from  orchards  which  had  not  long 
given  place  to  houses.       ALFRED  MARKS. 
155,  Adelaide  Road,  N.W. 


BURTON'S    'ANATOMY    OF 
MELANCHOLY.' 

(See  9  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441  ;  xii. 
2,  62,  162,  301,  362,  442  ;  10  S.  i.  42,  163, 
203,  282  ;  ii.  124,  223,  442  ;  iii.  203  ;  iv. 
25,  523  ;  v.  146  ;  vi.  143  ;  vii.  103,  184.) 

P.  11  (first  numbering),  1.  43,  in  the  sixth 
edition  (1651-2);  p.  29,  1.  11,  in  A.  R. 
Shilleto's  edition  ('Democritus  to  the 
Reader  ')  :  "  Feci  nee  quod  potui  nee  quod 
volui"  (see  10  S.  iii.  203).  To  the  passage 
from  ^Eschines  should  be  added  Menander, 
Fragm.  50  ('  Com.  Att.  Fragmenta,'  ed. 
Koch,  vol.  iii.  p.  15), 

Zw/iev  yap  ov\  u>s  OeXofttv,  dAA*  ws  SvvdfJLtOa, 

with  Koch's  note,  Plato,  *  Hipp,  maior.' 
30  Ic,  Demosthenes  57,  31,  Terence, '  Andria,' 
IV.  v.  10, 

Ut  quimus,  aiunt,  quando  ut  volumus  non  licet, 
and  Cic.,  *  De  Orat.,'  iii.  61,  228. 

P.  77  (second  numbering),  1.  15  ;  vol.  i. 
p.  266, 1.  4  (Part.  i.  sect.  2,  memb.  2,  subs.  3)  : 
"  In  Westphaling  they  feed  most  part  on 
fat  meats  and  wourts,  knuckle  deep,  and 
call  it  cerebrum  low's,"  marginal  note  "  Lips. 
'  Epist.'  "  (see  9  S.  xi.  263,  10  S.  vii.  184). 
In  The  Modern  Language  Review  for  Jan., 
1908,  I  showed  that  the  suppressed  letters 
of  Lipsius  to  which  Burton  is  here  indebted 
were  referred  to  by  Bishop  Hall,  *  Satires,' 
Bk.  v.  sat.  i.  11.  65-70  :— 

A  starued  Tenement 

Such  as  nice  Lipsius  would  grudge  to  see 
Aboue  his  lodging  in  wilde  Westphalye. 

With  regard  to  the  passage  from  Sir  Thomas 
Browne's  '  Christian  Morals,'  pt.  ii.  §  1, 

?uoted.  at  9  S.  xi.  264,  a  propos  of  cerebrum 
ovis,  it  has  been  pointed  out  to  me  that  the 
reading  KvOviov  in  Diogenes  Laertius,  x.  6, 
11,  is  a  correction  by  Menage.     Dr.  Green- 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  u, 


hill's  comment,  however,  in  his  edition  of  the 

*  Christian  Morals,'  is  defective  in  more  than 
one  respect.     I  hope  to  deal  elsewhere  with 
some    errors    and    omissions    in    Greenhill's 
notes  to  Browne. 

P.  Ill,  1.  4  ;  i.  322,  1.  12  (Part.  i.  sect.  2, 
memb.  3,  subs.  10 — not  11),  "a  Poet,  esurit, 
an  hungry  Jack  "  (see  9  S.  xii.  2).  It  was 
suggested  that  esurit  was  a  quotation  from 
Juvenal,  vii.  87 ;  but  there  is  no  doubt  that 
Burton  is  here  quoting  J.  V.  Andrea's 
'Menippus,'  dial.  63  (' Hsesitatio ').  There 
are  several  touches  taken  from  it  in  the 
present  passage  ;  for  example,  pudet  lotii 
in  the  preceding  line.  The  references  to 

*  Menippus '    ought  to  have  been  given  in 
accordance  with  the  new  edition  of   1618, 
which  differs  in  many  places  from  the  original 
of  1617,  to   which  I   have   chiefly  referred. 
Burton's  own  copy  of  the  1618  edition,  with 
his  autograph  and  numerous  marks  by  his 
hand    against    passages    that    he    has    used 
in     the    '  Anatomy,'     is    in    the     Bodleian 
Library. 

P.  163,  1.  34  ;  i.  415,  1.  25  (Part.  i.  sect.  2, 
memb.  4,  subs.  7)  :  "  Concussis  cecidere 
animis,"  &c.  (see  9  S.  xii.  3).  This  quotation 
from  Maphaeus  Vegius's  13th  ./Eneid  is  from 
11.  6  and  7.  The  book  begins  : — 

Turnus  ut  extreme  devictus  Marte  profudit 
Effugientem  aiiimam,  medioque  sub  agmine  victor 
Magnanimus  stetit  ^neas,  Mavortius  heros,  _ 
Obstupuere  omnes  gemitumque  dedere  Latini, 
Et  durum  ex  alto  revomentes  corde  dolorem, 
Concussis,  &c. 

See,  e.g.,  vol.  iv.  of  the  Vergil  in  N.  E. 
Lemaire's  '  Bibl.  Classica  Latina,'  vol.  cxxix. 
p.  418. 

P.  360,  note  k  ;  ii.  235,  note  20  (Part.  ii. 
sect.  3,  memb.  7)  :  "  Bis  dat  qui  cito  dat  " 
(see  9  S.  xii.  62).  This  proverb  is  found  in 
Erasmus's  '  Adagia '  before  it  appears  in 
Alciatus's  '  Emblemata.' 

P.  476,  1.  12  from  foot;  iii.  Ill,  1.  17 
(Part.  iii.  sect.  2,  memb.  2 — 3  by  mistake 
in  ( d.  6 — subs.  3)  :  "hie  mulier,  hsec  vir  " 
{see  9  S.  xii.  303).  For  the  employment  of 
hie,  hcec,  hoc,  in  declension  may  be  compared 

Prisciani  regula  penitus  cassatur 
Sacerdos  per  Hie  6c  Hsec  olim  declinatur, 
Sed  per  Hie  solummodo  nunc  artieulatur 
Cum  per  nostrum  prsesulem  Heec  amoveatur. 

Bale,  'De  Rom.  Pontif.  Act.,'  lib  v.  118 
{p.  290  of  the  edition  in  '  Script.  Duo  Anglici 
de  Vitis  Pont.  Rom.,'  Lugd.  Bat.,  1615  ; 
p.  243  ed.  Frankf.,  1567)  ;  p.  20  of  '  Certaine 
Poemes,'  &c.,  at  the  end  of  Camden's  '  Re- 
maines,'  1605  ;  11.  1-4  of  '  De  Concubinis 
Sacerdotum,'  p.  171  of  '  Latin  Poems  com- 
monly attributed  to  Walter  Mapes  (ed. 
T.  Wright,  Camden  Soc.,  1841). 


P.    569,    1.    28  ;     iii.    256,    1.    7   from  foot 
(Part.  iii.   sect.   2,  memb.   5 — wrongly  6  in 
ed.  6 — subs.  3):  "nihil  est  magis  intolerable  I 
dite  "  (see  9  S.  xii.  163).     It  was  suggested  I 
at  the  last  reference  that  these  words  looked  I 
like    a    memory- quotation    from    Juvenal,  I 
vi.  460, 

Intolerabilius  nihil  est  quam  femina  dives. 
But 

An  ditem  ?  nihil  est  magis  intolerable  dite 
is  the  seventh  line  of  a  piece  beginning 

Ergo  mihi  uxorem  qualem  ducam  ?  anne  puellam  ?  I 
which  occurs  in  lib.  i.  cap.  xii.  of  Caspar  I 
Ens's  '  Morosophia '  (p.  86,  ed.  1620,  Co- 1 
logne).  The  same  poem,  with  two  extra! 
lines,  appears  on  p.  208  (misprinted  280)  I 
in  the  second  part  of  Nic.  Reusner's  '^Enig-  I 
mat  a  '  (1601),  where  it  is  apparently  attri-  I 
buted  to  Michael  Raidus.  The  preceding  I 
quotations  on  the  same  page  of  Burton, 

Haec  forsan  veniet  non  satis  apta  tibi 
and 

dominam  quis  possit  ferre  tonantem  ? 
are  from  the  same  piece  (11.  2  and  3). 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

(To  be  continued.) 


THE  FIFTH  OF  NOVEMBER. — It  was  very 
rarely  indeed  that  lads  in  my  time  called 
this  important  day  by  this  name  :  it  was 
known  as  Gunpowder  Plot  Day  and  Guy 
Fawkes'  Day.  For  a  couple  of  weeks  or 
more  we  scoured  the  district,  begging  for 
"  a  stick  an'  a  stake,"  or  "  a  bit  o'  coal  for 
my  bunfire  hole,"  repeating  the  following 
doggerel : — 

Remember,  remember, 

Th'  fifth  of  November  ! 

Th'  Gunpowder  Plot 

Shall  ne'er  be  forgot ! 

Pray  gie  's  a  bit  o'  coal 

For  my  bunfire  hole  : 

A  stick  an'  a  stake 

For  King  George's  sake  ; 

A  stowp  or  a  reel, 

Or  else  wey  '11  steal ! 

It  was  a  candid  manner  of  making  our  wants 
known,  and  on  the  way  we  mostly  took 
things  lying  loose,  or  things  broken,  to  pile 
up  in  the  "  bunfire  hole  " — a  curious  term, 
for  we  never  built  the  bonfire  pile  in  a  hole. 
It  was  a  country  place,  and  no  one  seemed 
to  mind  in  the  least  how  much  was  taken 
over  and  above  what  was  given. 

Men  and  young  fellows  were  less  particular 
than  the  boys,  and  many  a  portion  of  good 
fence,  gates,  and  even  old  carts  disappeared 
in  the  dark  hours  of  the  night,  to  be  next 
seen  built  into  the  bonfire  heap,  which  in 
the  case  I  have  in  my  mind  was  for  some 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  14, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


years  in  the  public  market-place.  The 
men's  fire  and  the  boys'  fire  were  distinct. 
We  lighted  ours  as  soon  as  school  loosed, 
set  off  all  our  own-made  fireworks  with 
those  we  had  to  buy  because  we  could  not 
make  them,  and  then  joined  the  men's  fire, 
which  as  a  rule  was  not  lighted  till  past 
six  o'clock.  The  goings-on  were  fine : 
rockets  went  up  or  whizzed  about  amongst 
the  onlookers,  crackers  jumped  to  the 
squeals  of  the  women  folk,  squibs  fizzed, 
and  Roman  candles  shot  out  their  stars, 
while  the  small  cannon  roared,  and  the  key- 
guns  popped.  In  all  this  the  villages  were 
in  no  wise  behind,  and  the  general  merriment 
lasted  for  several  hours,  while  there  was  fuel 
for  the  fire  or  till  the  powder  gave  out. 

One  particular  form  of  fireworks  was  used 
by  almost  everybody.  It  was  called  "  the 
burning  mountain."  Gunpowder  was  laid 
on  a  stone  or  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  wetted, 
and  mixed  with  a  knife  into  a  thick  paste, 
then  into  a  cone  like  a  mountain  in  the  pic- 
ture-books of  that  time.  When  it  was 
ready  for  use,  loose  dry  powder  was  put  on 
the  top,  a  light  held  to  it,  and  "  the  burning 
mountain  "  went  off,  not  all  at  once,  but 
lasting  a  long  time,  much  to  the  satisfaction 
of  all. 

The  bonfire  begging  rime  used  in  parts 
of  Notts  has  this  variation  : — 

Shall  never  be  forgot 

While  Nottingham  Castle  stands  upon  a  rock. 

Nor  does  it  appear  ever  likely  to  be  forgotten, 
though  the  ways  of  keeping  it  up  have  in 
many  respects  changed. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Work  sop. 

"  MOLOKER,"  YIDDISH  TERM. — In  looking 
through  vol.  vi.  of  the  '  N.E.D.'  I  notice 
that  moloker,  the  slang  term  for  a  renovated 
silk  hat,  is  given,  with  quotations  from 
Sala  and  The  Westminster  Gazette,  but  with 
no  etymology,  and  with  stress  marked  upon 
the  wrong  syllable.  This  term  is  Yiddish, 
and  its  origin  is  very  curious.  It  is  the 
Biblical  Hebrew  word  for  "  work,"  which 
ought  to  be  pronounced  meldka,  but  in 
Yiddish  becomes  meldka,  and  has  acquired 
the  senses  of  the  English  word  "  job."  It 
is  a  rime  to  "  poker,"  the  stress  being  upon 
the  middle  syllable,  and  not  upon  the  first 
as  marked  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  The  first  syllable 
has  so  little  weight  that  the  word  is  often 
written  merloker  or  myloker.  The  latter 
spelling  will  be  found,  for  instance,  in  Tit- 
Bits,  21  April,  1906,  where  the  intricate 
processes  are  explained  by  which  the  "  ole 
clo'  "  man  turns  your  old  silk  hat,  which 


your  wife  has  exchanged  for  a  cheap  plant, 
into  an  article  that  sells  in  London  for  any- 
thing from  half-a-crown  upwards,  and  in 
Australia  and  New  Zealand  for  seven-and- 
six.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

PHILLIS  WHEATLEY  AND  HER  POEMS.  — 
This  woman  was  a  pure  negress,  captured 
on  the  West  African  Coast,  and  taken  to 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  when  only  seven 
or  eight  years  old.  She  was  purchased  by 
Mr.  John  Wheatley,  who  already  owned 
several  slaves,  and  assigned  to  the  duty  of 

Eersonal  attendance  on  Mrs.  Wheatley. 
he  soon  began  to  study  Latin  and  to  write 
poetry.  In  1770  she  became  a  member 
of  the  "  Old  South  Church."  Some  three 
years  later  she  was  taken  to  England,  and 
introduced  to  Lady  Huntingdon,  Lord  Dart- 
mouth, and  others.  On  her  return  she 
married  a  black  man  named  Peters,  who 
was  said  to  have  "  read  law,"  but  in  fact 
kept  a  small  grocery,  and  became  bankrupt. 
She  died  in  poverty,  near  the  close  of  1784, 
being  then  about  thirty-one  years  old.  There 
is  a  notice  of  her  in  The  Knickerbocker  Maga- 
zine for  August,  1834. 

Her  poems  were  printed  in  1787  by  Joseph 
James  of  Chesnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 
pp.  1-58  duodecimo,  and  have  been  reprinted. 
The  editio  princeps  is  very  rare.  The  verses, 
which  are  scrupulously  correct  in  form, 
contain  accurate  allusions  to  Achilles,  yEolus, 
Apollo  (also  Phoebus),  Boreas,  Elysium, 
Flora,  Mars,  Mneme,  the  Nereids,  Olympus, 
Patroclus,  Pelides,  Tithonus,  and  Aurora  ; 
also  the  following  phrases  —  "  this  dark 
terrestrial  ball,"  "  night's  leaden  sceptre," 
"  circumfused  in  air,"  "  the  deep  impervious 
shade,"  "  the  martial  flame,"  "  cut  the 
liquid  air,"  "  nocturnal  hours,"  "  polite 
and  debonair,"  "  vollied  curses,"  &c. 

Here  are  a  few  lines  from  her  '  Address 
to  Mecsenas  '  :  — 

As  long  as  Thames  in  streams  majestic  flows, 
Or  Naiads  in  their  oozy  beds  repose  ; 
While  Phoebus  reigns  above  the  starry  train, 
While  bright  Aurora  purples  o'er  the  main  ; 
So  long,  great  Sir,  the  Muse  thy  praise  shall  sing  ; 
So  long  thy  praise  shall  make  Parnassus  ring, 
Then  grant,  Meccenas,  thy  paternal  rays  ; 
Hear  me  propitious,  and  defend  my  lays. 
In  the  verses  on  Goliath  of  Gath  :  — 

For  me  no  altars  blaze  with  living  fires, 

No  bullock  bleeds,  no  frankincense  transpires. 

In  those  on  Whitefield's  decease  :  — 

Whitefield  wings  with  rapid  course  his  way, 
And  sails  to  Zion  through  vast  seas  of  day. 

Had  Phillis  been  a  mulatto,  like  Fred 
Douglass  or  Booker  Washington,  one  might 
account,  though  with  difficulty, 


for    this 


•386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  im 


phenomenon.  Governor  Hutchinson,  John 
Hancock,  Charles  Chauncy,  and  others 
•declared  their  belief  that  the  poems  were 
genuine.  But  the  internal  evidence  stamps 
them  as  a  literary  fraud.  The  dedication 
is  dated  June,  1773.  Is  it  credible,  except 
to  a  "  Judseus  Apella,"  that  a  full-blooded 
negro  child,  in  less  than  twelve  years,  could 
-acquire  such  a  knack  of  versifying,  and  so 
much  classical  knowledge,  and  classical 
instinct  too,  as  is  here  displayed  ?  Observe 
particularly  the  phrase  **  Hear  me  propi- 
tious," and  the  strictly  proper  use  of  the 
word  "  transpire." 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 
36,  Upper  Bedford  Place. 

"  STONEHETSTGE." — The  derivation  of  Stone- 
henge  is  easier  than  its  interpretation.  The 
second  syllable  is  the  M.E.  henge,  a  hinge, 
derived  from  the  verb  to  hang.  We  must 
here  look  upon  the  word  hinge  with  sole 
reference  to  its  being  that  upon  which  a 
door  is  suspended  or  supported,  and  entirely 
disregard  the  notion  of  the  revolving  of  the 
gate  or  door  upon  it.  The  sense  then 
becomes  "  a  stone-hanging  "  or  "  suspension 
of  stones  "  upon  supports.  Cf.  A.-S.  hengen, 
&  hanging,  a  gibbet. 

We  find  it  mentioned  as  ston-heng  or  ston- 
.henge  in  Robert  of  Gloucester,  ed.  W.  A. 
Wright,  1.  156  ;  where  one  MS.  has  ston- 
hyngel.  In  the  Anglo-French  chronicle  of 
Pierre  de  Langtoft,  ed.  T.  Wright,  vol.  i. 
p.  226,  it  is  called  Stonhengles  or  Stanhingels  ; 
one  MS.  has  Stanheges,  an  obvious  mis- 
writing  of  Stanhenges,  due  to  the  omission 
of  a  stroke  above  the  former  e.  Hengle  or 
hingle  is  the  diminutive  of  hinge,  with  the 
same  sense :  "  Hengyl  of  a  dore,  or  wyndowe, 
vertebra,  vectis "  Prompt.  Parv.  The 
plural  Stonhengles  of  course  refers  to  the 
fact  that  the  number  of  suspended  stones  is 
more  than  one.  Cf.  prov.  E.  hingle,  (1)  a 
hinge  ;  (2)  the  handle  by  which  a  pot  or 
bucket  hangs.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

THE  LANCASTERS  OF  MILVERTON,  SOMER- 
SET.— William  Lancaster,  Esq.,  of  the  ! 
Manor  House,  Milverton,  Somerset,  married 
Jane,  daughter  of  Edward  Richards,  Esq., 
of  Lovelinch,  in  the  same  parish.  In  Oct., 
1587,  they  are  described  as  "lady-matin 
folks  "  (Strype,  '  Ann.,'  III.  ii.  462),  a  phrase 
not  noticed  in  the  '  N.E.D.,'  but  presumably 
implying  people  who  said  the  Office  of  Our 
Lady.  He  survived  his  wife  and  eldest 
son.  His  will,  dated  4  June,  1596,  was 
proved  6  Dec.,  1596,  by  his  son-in-law 
James  Cappes,  of  Wiveliscombe,  who  had 
married  his  second  daughter  Mary  (see 


Harl.  Soc.  Pub.,  xi.  66).*  In  it  he  describes 
himself  as  "a  member  of  our  Saviour 
Jesus  Xs  Catholicke  Church "  ('  Somerset- 
shire Wills,'  iii.  49). 

1.  John,    the    eldest    son,   was    educated 
at  C.C.C.,  Oxford,  where  he  became  Fellow 
in  1560,  and  B.A.  in  1560/61.     He  went  to 
Gray's  Inn  in  1564,  and  became  a  barrister 
in    1577.     His    evidence    given    after    the 
verdict    saved   his    friend   the    priest    John 
Colleton,     son     of     Edmund     Colleton,    of 
Milverton,  from  death  in  1581.     He  married 
Dorothy,    daughter    of    Thomas    Carew,    of 
Camerton    and     Crocombe,     Somerset,     by 
whom    he    had    one     daughter.     In     1587 
Thomas  Godwin,  the  Bishop   of   Bath  and 
Wells  asked  (Strype,  loc.  cit.)  that  he  should 
be   removed   from   the    commission    of   the 
peace. 

"Ihon  Lancaster,  of  all  honest  men  taken  to  be 
an  enemy  of  the  truth.  And  for  the  same  once 
expelled  Gray's  Inn.  His  father  and  mother  lady- 
matin  folks.  One  of  his  beloved  brothers  a  seminary 
at  Rhemes  :  his  wife's  father  no  recusant,  but  back- 
ward in  religion.  And  so  is  all  his  alliance  ;  and 
more  countenanced  by  his  place.  His  liability  too 
smal ;  that  at  this  last  rating  in  the  subsidy  refused 
to  be  cessed  at  101.  lands." 

However,  he  remained  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  in  1594  he  was  Treasurer  of 
Gray's  Inn.  He  was  buried  at  Milverton 
6  June,  1595.  His  heir,  his  daughter  Joan, 
married  Arthur  Bluet,  of  Holcombe,  Devon- 
shire. 

2.  The  second  son  Thomas  went  to  C.C.C., 
Oxon,  in  1559,  and  took  the  degree  of  B.A. 
in  1566.     He  went  to  Gray's  Inn  in  1569,  and 
dieds.p.  in  1609. 

3.  Roger,  the  third  son,  went  to  C.C.C., 
Oxon,  in  1566,  and  became  M.A.  in  1572, 
and   B.C.L.    in    1575.     In    1580   he   was   in 
Paris.     In  1584  he  was  ordained  priest  from 
the  English  College  at  Rheims.     His  father 
gave  him  by  his  will  "  the  cuppe  of  silver 
with  the  cover  to  the  same  which  my  Lord 
Bishop  Bourne  gave  me,"  and  10?.,  with  the 
delivery  of  his  Patent  for  the  Registrarship 
of  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  wherein 
he  is  jointly  named  with  me  ;   I  also  give 
him  all  my  books."     It  would  seem  from 
the  Visitation  of  1623  that  Roger  Lancaster 
was  still  alive  at  that  date  and  resident  in 
Germany. 

4.  Of    Edward    Lancaster,    the    youngest 
son,  his  father  says  : — 

"My  son  Edward  Lancaster  has  most  mon- 
gtrouslie  slandered  me,  has  attempted  to  take  away 
my  living,  disdained  me  in  the  presence  of  a  great 
number  of  people,  taken  part  with  my  enemies 

*  The  Cappes  family  M-ere  recusants.  See  Somer- 
set and  Dorset  Notes  and  Queries,  v.  116. 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  M,  1908. j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


387 


against  me,  and  by  all  sinister  means  procured  my 
trouble  and  disquietude  in  this  myne  old  age,  for 
which  offences  I  desire  God's  forgiveness,  and  for 
my  part  will  pray  for  him." 

In  1596  or  1597  the  bailiwick  and  con- 
*tableship  of  Taunton  was  granted  to 
Edward  Lancaster  and  his  assigns  for  three 
lives.  He  was  thrice  married :  first  to 
Frances,  daughter  and  heir  of  Edmund 
Roo  of  Chedder,  by  whom  he  had  a  son 
and  heir  John  ;  secondly  to  Anstice, 
who  died  in  1630  ;  and  thirdly  to  Joan 
Rossiter  of  Milverton,  who  survived  him. 
He  died  in  1640. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

LORD  MELBOURNE  AND  THACKERAY. — 
Sir  Mountstuart  Grant  Duff  in  '  Leaves  from 
a  Diary  '  relates  how  Lord  Melbourne,  meet- 
ing a  man  in  a  railway  carriage  and  having 
ascertained  that  his  name  was  Thackeray 
(how  he  accomplished  this  feat  is  not  stated), 
inquired  if  he  was  the  inventor  of  brass-locks 
or  the  author  of  *  Vanity  Fair.' 

This  anecdote  is  of  doubtful  authenticity, 
and  reminds  one  of  the  tale  of  the  man  who 
confused  the  author  of  '  Meditations  among 
the  Tombs  '  with  the  inventor  of  Harvey's 
Sauce.  Lord  Melbourne  had  an  attack  of 
paralysis  in  October,  1842,  and  died  in 
November,  1848.  'Vanity  Fair'  was  not 
completed  until  July,  1848,  and  Thackeray's 
name  was  not  well  known  at  that  time,  his 
works  previously  to  that  date  having  been 
issued  under  the  pseudonym  of  Michael 
Angelo  Titmarsh. 

JOHN  HEBB. 

"  BUTTER  OUT  OF  A  DOG'S  MOUTH." — 
There  are  two  ways  in  which  this  proverb 
is  frequently  used.  The  dog  has  taken 
and  swallowed  a  pat  of  butter,  and  "it  is 
hard  to  get  butter  out  of  a  dog's  mouth." 
In  the  other  sense  "  get  "  =  "  make."  I 
•often  hear  it  used  in  both  ways.  Doing  a 
•difficult  job  is  "as  hard  as  getting  butter 
from  a  dog's  throat." 

THOS.  RATCLIITE. 

Worksop. 

Hiaaa  OR  HIGGES  FAMILY.  —  It  may 
interest  f uture  inquirers  to  know  that  an  ela- 
borate genealogical  chart,  compiled  by  Mr. 
W.  M.  Higgs,  of  the  family  of  Higgs  or  Higgee 
of  Cheltenham,  Charlton  Kings,  and  Coles- 
bourne,  co.  Glos.,  of  South  Stoke,  Oxford- 
shire, and  of  Thatcham,  Berks,  has  recently 
been  presented  to  St.  Andrew's  Church,  South 
Stoke,  Goring,  and  now  hangs  in  the  belfry 
of  that  church.  The  chart  goes  back  to 
1333,  and  comes  down  to  the  present  time. 

W.  ROBERTS. 


RESTRICTION  UPON  CANDLE-MAKING.  —  As 
a  curious  illustration  of  heavy  penalties 
at  one  time  in  force  in  this  country,  the 
following  extract  from  '  The  Annual  Register' 
of  1769  (p.  100  of  the  'Chronicle')  may 
possibly  be  of  interest  at  the  present  moment, 
when  the  taxation  of  gas  and  electric  light 
is  under  discussion  in  Germany  :  — 

"  A  baronet  was  convicted,  in  May  of  this  year, 
by  the  Justices  at  Barnet  in  the  penalty  of  3,100^. 
for  making  his  own  candles  ;  but  the  penalty  was 
mitigated  to  1101.  before  the  Justices  left  the 
Court." 

R,  B. 

Upton. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


STATUES    AND    MEMORIALS    IN    THE 
BRITISH    ISLES. 

I  AM  constrained  to  try  to  form  the 
nucleus  of  a  list  of  outdoor  monuments, 
statues,  and  memorials  which  have  been 
erected  in  public  places  to  commemorate 
momentous  events  or  notable  persons. 
The  idea  I  propose  to  work  upon  is  to  divide 
the  list  into  subjects  under  some  such  head- 
ings as  : — 

Battle-fields. 

Royal  Personages. 

Politicians. 

Philanthropists. 

Soldiers  and  Sailors. 

Heroes  and  Heroines. 

Martyrs. 

Local  Worthies. 

Theologians. 

Men  of  Science. 

Men  of  Letters,  &c. 

In  order  to  make  the  scheme  a  success, 
I  venture  to  bespeak  the  kind  help  of 
readers  of  '  N^.  &  Q.,'  and  shall  be  glad  to 
receive  by  post  intimations  of  the  existenca 
of  such  memorials  in  any  part  of  the  country, 
with,  if  possible,  an  indication  of  their 
position,  sculptor's  name,  the  date  of 
inauguration,  &c.  As  soon  as  I  can  get 
together  a  sufficient  number  to  justify 
publication,  I  shall  hope  to  make  a  start. 
After  the  ball  has  once  been  set  rolling, 
I  do  not  doubt  that  it  will  be  kept  in  motion 
until  a  comprehensive  compilation  has  been 
made.  Not  wishing  to  be  overwhelmed  with 
MSS.,  I  ask  correspondents  to  confine  them- 
selves for  the  present  to  my  first  four 
headings.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  14,  im 


"  A  GLUTTED  TIGER,"  &c. — I  find  in  a 
book  written  in  Paris  in  1857  for  the  use  of 
students  the  following  passage  : — 

"I  regret  the  pampered  duke  was  disabled  so 
early  in  the  contest.  He  was  waxing  fierce,  and 
looked  (Heaven  save  the  mark  !) 

A  glutted  tiger,  mangling  in  his  lair." 

I  am  at  a  loss  to  identify  the  author  of 
the  quoted  line.  I  looked  for  it  in  several 
glossaries,  and  am  positive  it  is  neither  by 
Shakspeare  nor  by  Milton.  It  sounds  very 
much  like  Pope,  but  it  is  rather  long  since 
I  read  that  poet's  works,  and  I  cannot  recall 
the  passage,  though  I  lately  perused  them 
again  for  that  purpose.  Moreover,  if  the 
line  stands  alone,  as,  in  fact,  it  does  in  the 
above-mentioned  book,  "  mangling  "  is  in- 
transitive, which  is  not  usual.  Still,  the  line 
is  not  quoted  in  the  '  New  English  Diction- 
ary.' 

In  this  predicament  I  cannot  do  better 
than  apply  to  your  estimable  publication, 
and  should  feel  gratified  by  getting  informa- 
tion about  the  subject.  F.  PSALMON, 

Professor  of  English,  Lycee  Voltaire, 
33,  Rue  du  Faubourg  St.  Martin,  Paris. 

THE  FIRST  SPEAKER  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF 
COMMONS  :  PETER  DE  MONTFORT. — Peter 
de  Montfort  is  said  by  Hakewil,  writing  in 
1641,  to  have  been  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Commons  in  44  Henry  III.  (1260)  ;  and 
in  some  books  of  reference  it  is  said  that  he 
was  a  son  of  Simon  de  Montfort,  and  that 
he  fell  at  the  battle  of  Evesham. 

But  had  Simon  a  son  of  this  name  ?  and 
is  there  any  confirmation  to  be  found  of 
his  having  acted  as  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Commons  at  this  early  date  ?  The  Rolls 
of  Parliament  are  silent  on  the  subject,  and 
the  names  of  the  knights  of  the  shire  sum- 
moned to  meet  at  Westminster  in  April, 
1254  (38  Henry  III.),  have  not  been  pre- 
served. 

I  find,  however,  that  the  lands  of  a  Peter 
de  Montfort  were  forfeited  to  the  King  in 
1315  (9  Edward  II.).  Is  anything  further 
known  of  him,  or  his  supposed  tenure  of 
the  Speaker's  chair  ? 

ARTHUR  IRWIN  DASENT. 
The  Dutch  House,  Hampton-on-Thames. 

ERNISIUS  :  A  PROPER  NAME. — This  name 
occurs  in  thirteenth-century  pedigrees,  and 
-  articularly  in  those  of  the  Norman  Nevills. 
have  always  maintained  that  it  is  a  ghost- 
name,  and  I  am  glad  to  see  that  the  Rev. 
W.  O.  Massingberd  takes  much  the  same 
view  in  the  July  number  of  The  Genealogist. 
It  was  suggested,  years  ago,  that  Ernisius 
might  stand  for  Ernest,  and  in  the  last 


1 


published  Calendar  of  the  Patent  Rolls- 
of  Henry  III.  (1247-58)  it  is  incautiously 
so  translated. 

The  Nevills  of  the  Conquest  possibly  came 
with  the  contingent  of  Alan,  Count  of  Brit- 
tany ;  at  any  rate,  they  afterwards  held 
lands  of  his  Honour  of  Richmond,  and  Alan 
and  Hervey,  leading  names  in  the  family, 
are  both  distinctively  Breton,  and  so,  I 
fancy,  is  Jollan ;  so  German  a  name  as 
Ernest  seems  impossible. 

In  Mr.  Kirby's  '  Charters  of  Durrington, 
Wilts'  (Archceologia,  vol.  lix.),  the  name  of 
the  father  of  Hugh  Nevill  le  Gras  (Grossus 
or  Crassus)  is  given  as  Hervesius,  and  the 
identification  with  Hervey  is  confirmed  by 
a  charter  at  Salisbury  and  elsewhere.  This 
is,  however,  the  same  man  who  is  called 
Ernest  in  the  Calendar. 

I  think  it  may  safely  be  assumed  that  the 
n  in  Ernisius  is  a  misreading  of  a  v  or  u, 
quite  easy  when  the  connexion  with  the 
name  Hervey  was  missed. 

It  is  desirable  that  the  authorities  should 
look  into  the  matter,  and,  if  they  decide 
that  my  view  is  correct,  abolish  the  form 
Ernisius  for  ever.  I  suggest  that  close 
scrutiny  should  be  given  as  to  whether  there 
is  any  authority  for  the  s,  and  whether 
Herveius  is  not  really  the  true  form  ;  it  is 
evident  that  the  name  in  this  form  might 
be  troublesome  to  decipher.  I  should  like 
to  have  the  opinion  of  Mr.  C.  Trice  Martin 
on  the  matter.  RALPH  NEVILL,  F.S.A. 
Castle  Hill,  Guildford. 

MILTON  RELIC. — I  have  a  cutting  from 
The  Daily  News  relating  to  a  relic  of  Milton, 
that  is  to  say,  a  little  tortoiseshell  case,, 
containing  three  ivory  tablets  and  a  pair 
of  dividers — other  contents,  including  a 
pen  and  pencil  and  three  other  articles, 
having  been  lost.  This  case  was  formerly, 
it  is  said,  in  the  possession  of  Elizabeth 
Minshull,  Milton's  third  wife  ;  and  in  view 
of  the  approaching  celebration  of  the  Ter- 
centenary of  Milton's  birth  in  December^ 
I  am  desirous  of  ascertaining  the  date  of 
the  publication  of  the  article  in  The  Daily 
News,  and  if  possible  the  name  of  the  author 
and  the  whereabouts  of  the  relic  itself. 

At  the  back  of  the  cutting  are  telegrams 
relating  to  the  expedition  from  Tampa  and 
the  bombardment  of  Caimanera  during  the 
war  between  Spain  and  the  United  States. 

JOHN  HEBB. 

ROD  OF  BRICKWORK. — In  England  brick- 
work is  measured  by  the  rod,  a  rod  being 
the  amount  of  brickwork  measuring  16|  ft. 
in  length,  by  16|  ft.  in  height,  by  H  ft.  in 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  14,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


389 


thickness.  The  rod  is  used  in  Sir  Christopher 
Wren's  contracts  for  the  building  of  Green- 
wich Hospital,  so  it  has  been  a  long  time 
in  use. 

I  want  to  know  why  the  rod  or  perch, 
which  is  a  land  measure,  is  used  for  measuring 
brickwork  ;  and  when  the  use  of  this  method 

of  measuring  brickwork  was  first  introduced.  I  either  he"  or  his  father  had  the  charge  of 

C.  M.  W.      I  supplying    provisions    to    the    unfortunate 


great-great  grandfather  was  John  MacLeod 
of  Bay,  who  was  one  of  the  "  two  substantial 
gentlemen  of  the  clan"  who  were  invited 
by  the  Chief  of  MacLeod  to  meet  Johnson 
and  Boswell  at  dinner  at  Dunvegan  Castle 
on  Tuesday,  14  Sept.,  1773.  John  MacLeod 
held  the  position  of  factor  to  the  Chief,  and 


OF     QUOTATIONS     WANTED. — 


Lady  Grange   during  her  imprisonment  at 
8 


st< 


He  was  married  three  times- 


Where  does  this  sentence  occur  ?    "Ex  libris    once  to  a  Miss  Bethune,  the  daughter,  I  think, 
qusero  quid  sit  hominum  vita      ?    B.  S.  E.        of  foe  minister,  Mr.  Bethune,  who  was  also 

I  wish  to  obtain  the  continuation  of  the  '  * 
lines 

I  launch  my  bark  on  a  wide,  wide  sea, 

Its  crew  by  memory  oar'd. 
I  think  there  are  six.  M.  R. 


HAWKINS     FAMILY     AND     ABMS. — In 


Chief's  dinner-party.  Another  wife  was 
Frances,  daughter  of  Alex.  Mackenzie  of 
Danschmalnag.  I  do  not  know  the  name 
of  the  third  wife.  His  son,  Alexander 
MacLeod  of  Bay,  and  afterwards  of  Gillen 
a  I  in  Waternish,  married  a  daughter  of  the 
book  entitled  '  The  Art  of  Heraldry,'  pub-  Rev.  William  MacQueen,  minister  of  Snizort, 
lished  in  1730,  the  coat  of  arms  is  displaved  &  brother  of  Johnson's  friend  the  Rev.  Dr. 
and  described  of  "  Richard  Hawkins*  of  Donald  MacQueen,  who  became  minister 
Marsham  in  Berkshire,  Esquire,"  viz.,  "  Or,  of  Kilmuir  in  Skye  in  1740,  and  died  in 
on  a  chiveron  between  three  cinquefoils  Raasay  in  1785. 

azure  as  many  escallops  argent ;  on  a  chief  The  Rev.  William  MacQueen  died  on 
gules  a  griffin  passant  of  the  third."  Infor-  21  Sept.,  1787,  in  his  sixty-ninth  year,  at 
mation  is  desired  (1)  as  to  the  situation  of  Peindoun  (Penendoune),  where  Flora  Mac- 
Marsham ;  (2)  as  to  the  ancestors  and  de-  Donald  died  three  years  afterwards.  He 
scendants  of  Richard  Hawkins ;  (3)  as  to  was  the  fourth  occupier  of  the  manse  of 
any  other  persons  of  the  Hawkiris  family  Snizort  in  lineal  succession.  His  father,  the 
bearing  the  same  arms.  Rev.  Archibald  MacQueen,  appears  in  the 

In  Wiltshire  Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  iii.  Judicial  Rentals  of  the  MacDonald  estate 
p.  270,  Hugh  Hawkins  of  Newbury,  gent.,  in  1733  as  occupier  of  Rigg  and  Garafad. 
appears  as  one  of  the  parties  to  a  deed  Mrs.  MacQueen,  the  friend  and  relative  of 
of  1634  relating  to  the  manor  of  Aldbourne,  Flora  MacDonald,  was,  I  understand,  a 
and  his  seal  is  there  given  as  "  On  a  chevron  daughter  of  Sheriff  Alexander  MacLeod  of 
between  three  saltires  as  many  roundels."  Ulinish,  whose  acquaintance  Johnson  and 
The  same  information  is  desired  as  to  this  Boswell  also  made.  In  Mackenzie's  '  History 
person,  and  whether  he  was  related  to  the  of  the  MacLeods '  it  is  said  that  the  Sheriff 
above  Richard  Hawkins.  had  only  one  daughter,  who  married  Mac- 

Also,  are  these  persons  related  to  Dr.  Wm.    Leod    of    Greshornish  ;     but    I    have    good 
Hawkins,  Canon  of  Winchester,  who  married    Highland  authority  for  stating  that  in  this 
Anne,  daughter  of  Isaac  Walton,  author  of    particular,    as    in   others,  that  book  is  inac- 
The  Compleat  Angler  '  ?       B.  HAWKINS.        curate.     It  was  through  this  marriage  with 
Kirklands,  Tonbridge.  Miss  MacQueen  that  Alex.   MacLeod's  son, 

TV/T     T-k  T»«-     ^  niy  wife's  grandfather,  Dr.  John  MacLeod, 

MACDONALD  :     MACQUEEN  .-Flora    Mac-    lector-General  of  Hospitals  at  Madras, 
Donald  died  on  5  March,    1790,   according    « ^n^    P™,.™  »   ^^   m™,     M^mM™^* 


cIed   cousins"   with  Flora,   Marchioness 

«*      K  of  Hastings,  when  that  lady's  husband  was 

edited  by  her  granddaughter,  '<  in  the  house    Governor-General  of  India.  7 
of   a   very    dear   friend   and   relative,    Mrs. 
McQueen  of  Penendoune,  wife  of  the  minister 
of  Snizort,  who  lived  not  far  from  Kings- 
burgh." 


W.  F.  PBIDEAITX. 

MILITARY  BANK-NOTE. — I  am  anxious  to 
obtain  some  information  as  to  an  engraved 


T  c,V>^    l^t    T~  j.    f    i    -f  -,  wvniiL  »<jiiic;    IHHJIJ.HH,  nun   a/»    tu    »ii   tuiui  a  v  eu. 

M  *  v     be,Fateful  tf  any  correspondent  bank-note  dated  22  July,  1805,  in  which  the 

Mm£  the1?xactj'elatulon8hlP  between  Governor  and  Co 

a    f°      \  ^     mimSter     °f  Bank  Promised  to  pay  John  Flag  or  beaer 

W  WaS  at"a*-  the  su™  of  five  halfpence  on  demand.     It  is 

' 


,  -  ,  , 

the1?xactj'elatulon8hlP  between  Governor  and  Company  of  Fort  Montague 

\  ^     mimSter     °f  Bank  Promised  to  pay  John  Flag  or  bea?er 

aMmoth      %  WaS      -^    ^?at"g^a*-  the  su™  of  five  halfpence  on  demand.     It  is 

grandmother  of    my  own  wife.     My    wife's  signed  T.  Hill,  and  countersigned  C.  Cannon. 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       fio  s.  x.  NOV.  H,  im. 


Engraved  in  one  corner  is  a  small  view  of 
the  fort.  I  should  like  particularly  to  know 
where  Fort  Montague  was  situated,  and  in 
connexion  with  what  military  expedition 
it  was  erected.  J.  C. 

JEFFREY  HUDSON  THE  DWARF. — Is  there 
any  record  of  the  burial  of  Jeffrey  Hudson, 
the  famous  dwarf,  who  died  in  London  in 
1682? 

What  was  the  name  of  the  "Mr.  Crofts," 
brother  to  Lord  Crofts  with  whom  he  fought 
a  duel  in  France  ?  I  have  referred  to  the 
4  D.N.B.'  without  success.  P.  M. 

MR.  REPINGTON  AND  DR.  JOHNSON. — Is 
anything  known  of  a  Mr.  Repington  as 
friend  or  correspondent  of  Dr.  Johnson  ? 
His  name  does  not  occur  in  Boswell's  '  Life.' 

J.  S. 

Oxford. 

BISHOPS  AND  PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS. 
— Certain  English  bishops  have  no  seat  in  the 
House  of  Lords.  Are  such  bishops  "  peers  " 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Commons'  resolu- 
tion of  1699  "  that  no  peer  of  this  kingdom 
hath  any  right  to  give  his  vote  at  the  election 
for  any  member  to  serve  in  Parliament  "  ? 
The  sessional  order  of  1802  (27  April)  in- 
cludes "  any  lord  of  Parliament,  or  other 
peer  or  prelate."  Of  course  these  are  merely 
resolutions  of  the  Commons,  but  I  find  no 
legal  decision  as  to  the  status  of  these  bishops. 
Have  they  by  accident  lost  their  interest 
in  both  Houses  ?  The  point  is  of  interest 
to  students  of  constitutional  history,  but 
does  not  seem  to  be  discussed  in  any  of  the 
books — at  any  rate,  not  such  as  are  within 
the  reach  of  YGREC. 

BANDY  LEG  WALK.^-This  was,  it  seems, 
the  name  of  a  street  in  either  Westminster 
or  Southwark  in  the  latter  years  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century.  It  is  mentioned  in  The 
Catholic  Weekly  of  16  October,  p.  2.  Where 
was  it  ?  Does  it  exist  now  under  a  changed 
name,  or  has  it  been  swept  away  ? 

M.  Y.  A.  H. 

GEORGE  IV.'s  EARLY  HOUSEHOLD. — I 
cannot  recall  where  I  saw  a  reference  to  the 
fact  that  George  IV.,  when  quite  a  young 
man,  as  Prince  of  Wales,  had  (his  first  ?) 
an  independent  establishment  at  an  old 
manor  house,  perhaps  in  Sussex  or  Surrey. 
I  shall  be  glad  to  have  full  particulars  of 
the  place,  and  to  know  where  the  house- 
keeper's accounts  or  list  of  staff  (domestic 
and  stable)  during  the  Prince's  tenure  are 


preserved.  Did  he  obtain  some  Yorkshire 
servants  through  Earl  Fitzwilliam.  If  so, 
from  which  district  ?  MARYLEBONE. 

TH  AS  A  SYMBOL. — Would  one  of  the 
learned  philologists  who  contribute  to 
N.  &  Q.'  be  good  enough  to  inform  me  when 
the  Old  English  characters  ]>  and  G  were 
used  for  the  last  time,  and  when  and  why 
th  was  introduced  in  their  stead  ?  The 
change  seems  a  step  backwards,  first,  because 
th  does  not  render  the  pronunciation  at 
all,  and  secondly,  because  it  has  to  represent 
two  sounds,  one  voiced,  the  other  voiceless. 

In  Ireland  I  have  heard  Thomas  pro- 
nounced as  T-homas,  with  a  real  t  plus  the 
aspirate ;  but  in  England  the  name  is 
simply  sounded  with  a  t.  By  the  way,  is 
that  Irish  peculiarity  general  for  t  ?  Pro- 
bably it  is  only  by  mere  chance  that  I  did 
not  notice  it  in  similar  cases. 

G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 


SILAS      TOLD. 

(10  S.  x.  348.) 

SILAS  TOLD  was  born  at  Bristol  in  1711. 
Of  his  father  nothing  is  recorded,  but  his 
grandfather  appears  to  have  been  a  doctor 
in  Bunhill  Row,  and  his  mother  came  from 
Exeter  and  bore  the  odd  maiden  name  of 
Suckabitch.  Silas  was  educated  at  the 
Colston  School  in  Bristol,  and  when  about 
fourteen  years  old  he  sailed  from  that  port 
for  Jamaica  with  Capt.  Moses  Lilly.  Silas 
married  when  he  was  twenty-three,  and  after 
a  life  of  travel  and  great  adventure  in  the 
West  Indies  and  elsewhere,  he  returned  to 
England  and  became  a  schoolmaster  in 
Essex,  under  the  wing  of  the  Luther  family, 
who  were  then  resident  at  Kelvedon  (see 
Morant's  'Essex,'  Vol.  I.  Parochial  Section, 
p.  186).  About  1760,  after  hearing  John 
Wesley  preach  at  the  Foundry,  he  began  his 
work  as  a  prison  philanthropist,  and  this  he 
continued  till  his  death  in  1788. 

The  sources  of  information  for  the  life 
of  Silas  Told  are  numerous  and  interesting, 
and  chief  among  them  is  his  own  autobio- 
graphy, which  was  first  issued  in  1786  under 
the  following  title  : — 

"  An  account  of  the  Life  and  Dealings  of  God 
with  Silas  Told,  late  Preacher  of  the  Gospel, 
wherein  is  set  forth  the  wonderful  display  of  Divine 
Providence  towards  him  when  at  Sea :  his  various 
sufferings  abroad  :  together  with  many  instances  of 
the  Sovereign  Grace  of  God  in  the  conversion  of 
several  malefactors  under  Sentence  of  Death,  who 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  14,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


891 


were  greatly  blessed  under  his  ministry.  Written 
by  himself."  London,  1786,  pp.  174. 

The  second  edition  was  issued  in  1790, 
and  had  a  preface  by  John  Wesley,  dated 
8  Nov.,  1789,  the  third  edition,  "  corrected," 
bears  the  date  1796  ;  and  there  are  reprints 
of  1806  and  1813. 

Apart  from  Silas's  own  story  just  referred 
to,  the  historians  of  Methodism  allude  to 
Silas,  but  only  in  a  very  meagre  way,  the 
exception  being  found  in  Abel  Stevens' s  most 
valuable  book  on  Wesley  and  Methodism. 
In  this  work  the  story  of  Silas  is  adequately 
given  : — 

"  Silas  Told  was  a  reclaimed  sailor  who  became 
the  Good  Samaritan  of  London,  the  real  though  un- 
recognized chaplain  of  all  its  then  wretehed  prisons. 
He  went  to  sea  in  his  childhood,  and  passed  through 
astonishing  adventures,  which  he  has  recorded  with 
frank  and  affecting  simplicity  in  terse  and  flowing 
English  which  Defoe  might  have  envied.  He  was 
almost  drowned,  and  with  difficulty  restored  to 
life ;  he  was  shipwrecked,  captured  by  pirates,  and 
spent  years  amidst  atrocities  of  the  slave  trade. 
He  returned  to  London,  went  to  hear  Wesley  at  the 
Foundry,  and  became  a  regular  visitor  to  the 
prisons.  Turnkeys,  sheriffs,  hangmen,  wept  as  they 
witnessed  his  exhortations,  and  opened  passages 
through  clamorous  crowds  so  that  he  might  visit 
men  on  the  gallows." — Abel  Stevens's  '  History 
of  Methodism  '  (first  issued  1858-9),  1864  ed., 
pp.  485-91. 

Silas  Told  died  in  December,    1778   (see 

Arminian  Magazine,  1788,  p.  406). 

Wesley's    Journal    under    date    20    Dec., 

1778,  has  the  following  : — 

".  I  buried  what  was  mortal  of  honest  Silas  Told. 
For  many  years  he  attended  the  malefactors  in 
Newgate  without  fee  or  reward ;  and  I  suppose  no 
man,  for  this  hundred  years,  has  been  so  successful 
in  that  melancholy  office.  God  had  given  him 
peculiar  talents  for  it,  and  he  had  amazing  success 
therein ;  the  greatest  part  of  those  whom  he 
attended  died  in  peace,  and  many  of  them  in  the 
triumph  of  faith." 

One  of  the  best  accounts  of  Silas  Told 
may  be  found  in  a  little  sixpenny  book  issued 
in  1887  by  the  Religious  Tract  Society,  and 
still  in  print  :  '  Vignettes  of  the  Great 
Revival  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  by 
Edwin  Paxton  Hood,  1887.  Chap,  xi., 
pp.  147-71,  is  wholly  devoted  to  'The 
Romantic  Story  of  Silas  Told.'  Mr.  Austin 
Dobson  contributed  to  Temple  Bar,  vol.  xlvii., 
*  Silas  Told,  Mariner  and  Methodist,'  and 
this  will  be  found  reprinted  in  Mr.  Dob- 
son's  '  Eighteenth  Century  Vignettes,'  MB. 
SHORTER  may  also  look  at  All  the  Year 
Round,  vol.  xviii.,  G.  W.  Thornbury's  '  Old 
Stories,'  London,  1870  ;  W.  H.  Withrow's 
4  Makers  of  Methodism,'  New  York,  1898  ; 
and  Tyerman's  '  Life  of  Wesley.' 

A.  L.  HUMPHREYS. 

187,  Piccadilly,  W. 


OMAR  KHAYYAM  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10  S.  x. 
307). — The  following  items  from  Welsh 
iterature  may  be  of  service  to  MR.  SCHROETER 
and  of  interest  to  general  readers. 

1.  In  Prof.  John  Morris  Jones's  '  Caniadau ' 
Oxford }  Fox  Jones  &  Co.,  1907)  is  included 

a  translation  of  105  of  Omar's  quatrains. 
The  translation  is  made  not  from  FitzGerald, 
but  direct  from  the  Persian,  and  the  choice 
of  quatrains  differs  considerably  from  his. 
[  am  told  by  a  friend,  a  Persian  scholar, 
that  the  rendering  is  very  faithful,  and  that 
its  general  tone  and  spirit  are  much  truer  to 
the  original  than  is  the  case  with  Fitz- 
~  erald's.  The  translation  is  highly  praised 
by  Welsh  critics. 

2.  An  interesting  article  on  this  version, 
in  which  it  is  compared  with  FitzGerald' s, 
appeared    in    Y    Geninen    (Carnarvon)    this 
year ;     I   have   not   the  number   by  me   at 
present,  but  am  pretty  certain  it  was  the 
April  number. 

3.  Translations  into  Welsh  of   33  of  the 
quatrains,  from  FitzGerald,  by  Sir  Marchant 
Williams,      appeared     in     The     Nationalist 
(Cardiff)    in    the   May,    June,    and    August 
numbers. 

4.  Among     the     admirable     '  Caneuon     a 
Cherddi'     of     W.     J.     Gruffydd     (Bangor, 
Jarvis  &  Foster,   1906)  is  a  very  successful 
imitation   of    Omar,    entitled    '  Ar   yr   Allt.' 
This  contains  34  quatrains,  and  is  an  imita- 
tation   rather    in   form    and   spirit   than    in 
content. 

I  have  not  thought  it  worth  while  to 
mention  mere  reviews  of  Prof.  Morris  Jones's 
volume,  which  has  been  reviewed  in  all  the 
leading  periodicals  of  Wales  and  in  The 
Manchester  Guardian,  &c.,  all  the  reviews  I 
have  seen  making  special  mention  of  the 
Omar  translation. 

5.  Since  writing  the  above  I  notice  in  an 
obituary  notice  of  the  Gaelic  writer  Donald 
Mackechnie  which    appeared    in   The   Celtic 
Review  for  July  of  this  year  the  following 
sentence  (p.   93)  :     "  In  later  years  he  was 
much  attracted  by  the  Persian  poet  Omar 
Khayyam     and     rendered     many     of     that 
author's  pieces   into   Gaelic   verse."     Being 
unacquainted  with  Gaelic,   I  know  nothing 
further  of  these  translations.          H.  I.  B. 

BAAL-FIRES:  "BONFIRE"  (10  S.  x.  206, 
251,  315,  353). — I  do  not  think  that  MR. 
HESLOP  errs  in  what  he  says  about  bones. 
I  have  ere  this  quoted  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  from 
Louandre's  '  Histoire  d' Abbeville  '  (vol.  i. 
p.  314,  note)  :— 

"  On  amassait  anciennement  une  grande  quantite 
d'os  d'animaux  pour  les  bruler  en  feux  de  joie  a  la 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  NOV.  H,  1908. 


Saint-Jean  ou  dans  les  fetes  publiques  ;  de  la  derive 
le  nom  de  feux  d?os  que  donne  le  peuple  d'Abbeville 
aux  petits  feux  de  paille  que  les  enfants  de  cette 
ville  allument  pour  se  jouer  au  milieu  des  rues." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

To  any  one  who  consults  the  first  edition 
of  my  larger  *  Etymological  Dictionary  * 
and  the  note  in  the  same  at  p.  78  J,  it  will 
be  apparent  that  the  credit  of  discovering 
the  right  etymology  of  bon-fire,  viz.,  that 
it  is  a  shortened  form  of  bone-fire,  is  certainly 
due  to  myself,  the  date  being  in  1882,  five 
years  before  the  article  in  '  N.E.D.' 

Just  after  my  book  was  published,  I 
received  a  letter  from  Belgium,  from  a 
gentleman  who  kindly  informed  me  that  he 
had  himself  seen  such  fires,  in  which  actual 
bones  of  animals  were  burnt. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  Letter-Book  I  of  the  City's  records 
— a  Calendar  of  which  is  passing  through 
the  press — I  find  a  proclamation  forbidding 
(inter  alia)  night-walking  and  the  making 
of  fires  called  "  bonefyres "  in  any  high 
street  or  lane  by  night,  for  church  festivals 
or  dedications.  The  proclamation  is  in 
French,  and  is  not  dated,  but  it  is  almost 
certainly  of  the  year  1410.  If  this  be  so, 
it  appears  to  be  an  earlier  instance  of  the 
word  than  any  mentioned  in  the  '  New 
English  Dictionary.'  R.  R.  SHARPS. 

CLERGY  IN  WIGS  (10  S.  viii.  149,  214; 
ix.  497;  x.  16,  78,  158,  356).  —  If  Arch- 
bishop Sumner  wore  a  wig  in  1856,  it  was 
certainly  not  his  custom  to  do  so  on  all 
occasions. 

I  was  confirmed  by  him  in  the  spring  of 
1854,  and  shall  always  remember  the  little 
shock  of  concerned  surprise  with  which  I 
saw  him  mount  the  pulpit  of  Eastry  Church 
without  a  wig,  to  give  his  preliminary 
address  to  the  candidates.  I  had  been  accus- 
tomed in  my  childhood  constantly  to  see 
Archbishop  Howley  in  a  wig,  which  largely 
contributed  to  the  feeling  of  awed  respect 
with  which  I  regarded  that  kindly  old  pre- 
late, and  his  successor  seemed  to  suffer 
by  the  omission  or  loss  of  dignity  which 
painfully  impressed  my  still  youthful 
imagination.  F.  B. 

THE  BONASSUS  (10  S.  ix.  365,  451  ;  x.  90, 
138,  318). — This  beast  appears  under  the 
name  "  Monops,"  "  a  kind  of  beast  of 
Peonia,  by  some  called  a  Bonasus,  as  big 
as  a  Bull ;  being  narrowly  pursued,  it 
voided  a  kind  of  sharp  ordure,  deadly  to  such 
as  it  lights  upon."  The  above  extract  is 


of  an  earlier  date  than  that  at  the  last 
reference,  and  is  from  Blount's  *  Glosso- 
graphia,'  London,  1681. 

ALFRED  CHAS.  JONAS. 
Thornton  Heath. 

MIDDAY  AT  BALE  (10  S.  x.  310).— Whether 
or  not  Casanova  was  correct  in  saying  that 
in  his  day  midday  in  the  town  of  Bale  was 
at  eleven  o'clock,  a  different  account  is  given 
by  Fynes  Moryson  in  his  '  Itinerary.'  He 
visited  the  town  in  1592,  and  says  in  relation 
to  the  above  subject : — 

"  In  this  City  a  stone  is  shewed,  called  the  hot 
stone,  vulgarly  Heisteine,  upon  which  the  Consuls 
and  divers  others  were  beheaded,  who  had  conspired 
to  betray  the  Citie,  if  the  clocke  striking  false  had 
not  prevented,  and  deceived  both  them  and  the 
enemies,  lying  in  ambush  without  the  City,  and 
expecting  a  signe  to  be  given  them  at  the  houre 
appointed.  And  for  this  cause  (or  as  others  say,  to 
hasten  the  Councell  held  in  the  Senate  House)  the 
clocke  to  this  day  strikes  one  when  it  should  strike 
twelve" 

In  '  The  Imperial  Gazetteer '  the  writer 
of  the  article  on  Bale  states,  corroborating 
Moryson,  that  in  that  town  down  to  1795 
the  clocks  were  kept  an  hour  in  advance  of 
those  in  other  places  of  Europe — a  singular 
custom,  the  origin  of  which  is  unknown. 

J.  B.  P. 

CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY  (10  S.  x.  289). — I  should  think  that 
at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century  the 
death  punishment  reached  its  maximum, 
but  I  can  give  no  figures  in  support  of  this 
opinion. 

In  Porter's  '  Progress  of  the  Nation,' 
ed.  1847,  the  figures  are  given  at  p.  642 
for  the  years  1805  to  1845.  In  the  editions 
of  Blackstone  from  1770  to  1800,  Book  IV. 
chap,  i.,  it  is  stated  that  there  were  no  fewer 
than  160  offences  which  had  been  declared 
by  Act  of  Parliament  to  be  felonies  without 
benefit  of  clergy  ;  or,  in  other  words,  to  be 
worthy  of  instant  death.  Walpole  says  in 
his  '  History  of  England,'  vol.  ii.  p.  58,  that 
"  during  the  earlier  years  of  the  present 
century  [nineteenth]  the  punishment  of 
death  could  legally  be  inflicted  for  more  than 
200  offences  ;  and  at  vol.  i.  p.  191,  he  says 
that  "  in  1819  about  180  crimes  were  capital." 

So  late  as  1795,  36  Geo.  III.  cap.  7,  new 
treasonable  and  seditious  offences  were 
created  for  which  the  offenders  were  to 
"  suffer  pains  of  death."  Capital  offences 
were  increased  during  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  it  was  not  until  early  in  the  nineteenth 
that  the  number  of  them  was  reduced.  See 
also  Porter,  646  ;  Walpole,  vol.  iii.  p.  55  ; 
and  Pike's  '  History  of  Crime,'  vol.  ii.  p.  452. 


io  s.  x.  NOV.  14, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


In  1808  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  passed  his  first 
Act  for  abolishing  capital  punishment  for 
stealing  privately  from  the  person  to  the 
value  of  five  shillings — in  other  words,  for 
picking  pockets — and  from  that  date  various 
Acts  of  Parliament  were  passed  abolishing 
capital  punishment  in  a  large  number  of 
cases.  See  also  Sir  James  Mackintosh's 
speech,  6  July,  1819  ('Hansard,'  vol.  xx. 
p.  1518). 

There  would  be  the  greatest  difficulty  in 
making  a  correct  list  of  the  offences  which 
A.  O.  V.  P.  wants.  Sir  James  F.  Stephen 
in  his  *  History  of  the  Criminal  Law,'  vol.  i. 
p.  470,  says  that  "  the  160  offences  mentioned 
by  Blackstone  might  probably  be  reduced  by 
careful  classification  to  a  comparatively 
small  number."  Then  he  goes  on  to  point 
out  that  the  Black  Act,  9  Geo.  I.  c.  27  (1722), 
created  54  capital  felonies.  Blackstone  does 
not  give  a  list  of  his  160,  nor  does  Walpole 
give  a  list  of  his  200  or  1 80  ;  but  a  list  of  the 
principal  of  those  referred  to  by  Blackstone, 
will  be  found  in  Colquhoun's  '  Treatise  on 
the  Police  of  the  Metropolis,'  7th  ed.,  1806, 
p.  437,  first  published  in  1795.  In  1839 
there  were  only  14  felonies  punishable 
with  death.  See  Fourth  Report  of  the 
Criminal  Law  Commissioners  in  1839,  Ap- 
pendix VIII.,  in  which  these  are  enumerated. 

I  am  indebted  to  my  friend  Mr.  W.  F. 
Craies,  the  writer  of  the  admirable  article  on 
*  Capital  Punishment '  in  the  Supplement 
to  '  The  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  '  for  the 
chief  part  of  the  information  contained  in 
this  reply.  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

CAMPBELL  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  THE 
NAME  (10  S.  x.  228,  278,  338).— Surely  it  is 
a  very  old  joke  that  Job  needed  all  his 
patience  if  (see  Job  i.  3)  he  had  three 
thousand  Campbells  to  deal  with. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

A  significant  light  on  this  question  is 
thrown  by  the  story  told  in  Mr.  J.  M. 
Bulloch's  new  book,  '  The  Gay  Gordons ' 
(p.  3)  of  the  old  lady  named  Gordon  who, 
on  hearing  her  son  read  from  the  Bible 
that  Solomon  had  a  vast  number  of  camels, 
interrupted  him  with  the  protest :  "  The 
Caumills  [Campbells]  are  an  ancient  race, 
but  look  an'  ye  dinna  see  the  Gordons." 

CONSTANCE  SKELTON. 

During  the  Mutiny  campaign  the  Black 
Watch  were  waiting,  with  tents  packed  and 
baggage  piled,  for  some  six  hours,  on  the 
ground  on  which  we  had  encamped  the  day 
before.  We  were  told  that  we  were  to  have 


camels  for  the  impedimenta,  instead  of 
bullock  "  hackeries."  To  our  amusement, 
one  of  the  pipers  struck  up  '  The  Campbells 
are  Coming,'  and  we  saw  a  long  string  of  the 
"  ships  of  the  desert "  slowly  advancing. 
This  thoroughly  Scotch  "  wut  "  was  much 
enjoyed  by  officers  and  men.  The  latter 
always  termed  Campbell  "  Cammell." 

C.    J.    DURAND. 

The  Hearthmoney  Roll  for  co.  Cavan, 
dated  1664,  affords  evidence  that  the 
Campbells  had  come,  by  the  two  entries 
following,  i.e.  (1)  Hugh  Camell  of  Uragh, 
Dromlahen  parish,  Loughtee  barony ;  (2) 
James  Gamble  of  Dromall,  Killeshandra 
parish,  Tullaghhoncho  barony. 

J.  N.  DOWLING. 

In  Nova  Scotia,  or  New  Scotland,  as  in 
Old  Scotland,  where  the  name  is  by  no- 
means  scarce,  it  is  pronounced  as  if  spelt 
"  Camel,"  the  reason  being,  as  in  most  cases 
of  abbreviation,  that  man  is  naturally  a 
lazy  animal.  The  following  incident,  which 
occurred  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  connexion  with 
a  clergyman  bearing  the  name,  may  interest 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  and  was  told  to  a 
friend  of  the  writer  by  a  gentleman  who 
witnessed  it. 

Mr.  Campbell,  alias  Camel,  had  feet  of 
more  than  ordinary  proportions.  He  was 
travelling  by  coach  (inside)  along  a  rough 
road  between  Yarmouth  and  Digby,  his 
trunk  being  on  the  top  of  the  coach,  and 
there  being  three  or  four  travellers  "  on 
board  "  besides  Mr.  Campbell.  Being  rather 
anxious  about  the  safety  of  his  trunk,  Mr.  C. 
got  up  from  his  seat  pretty  often,  and, 
putting  his  head  out  through  the  window, 
inquired  of  the  driver  if  his  trunk  was  all 
right.  Two  or  three  times  in  doing  so  he 
trod  on  the  toes  of  a  gentleman  sitting 
opposite,  who,  appreciating  neither  his  toes 
being  pinched  nor  the  restlessness  of  Mr.  C., 
said  at  last,  with  some  degree  of  impatience  : 
"  I  wish  to  goodness,  sir,  you  had  been  born 
an  elephant  instead  of  a  camel ;  then  you 
would  always  have  your  trunk  under  your 
nose."  Mr.  Camel's  inquiries  about  his 
trunk  were  not  so  frequent  during  the  rest 
of  the  journey.  J.  BROWN. 

88,  St.  Leonard's  Rd.,  Hove. 

BENNETT  OF  BALDOCK  (10  S.  ix.  228,  333, 
395;  x.  191).  —  With  reference  to  MR. 
HITCHIN-KEMP'S  statement  (10  S.  ix.  396) 
respecting  a  plea  recorded  in  the  Court  of 
Requests,  Robert  Benet  v.  John  Kempe  and 
another,  in  or  before  1541,  I  have  had  the 
matter  looked  up,  and  it  appears  that 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  iocs. 


•Julyan  Talke  or  Tawke  was  the  daughter 
of  Robert  Benett  of  Reading  by  his  wife 
Julyan  (see  ante,  p.  191),  and  that  there  is 
no  reference  in  the  plea  to  Robert  Benett 
Bishop  of  Hereford,  as  he  was  not  born  til 
1544  or  1545. 

Berry's  '  Hampshire  Genealogies  '  is  simi- 
larly in  error  at  p.  224,  where  it  is  stated  that 
.Julyan  Talk  was  a  daughter  of  Thomas 
Bennett  of  Reading.  The  suit,  Court  of 
Requests,  bundle  3/220,  includes  a  deposi- 
tion taken  1  Feb.,  32  Hen.  VIII.  (1541), 
on  the  part  of  Robert  Benett,  against  the 
executors  of  John  Talke.  Nicholas  Cheke, 
aged  29  years,  one  of  the  executors,  swore 
that  John  Talke  made  his  will  at  Fernh'm  in 
the  county  of  Surrey,  that  he  had  a  lease 
of  a  farm  called  "  manor  of  Hayling,"  and 
that  he  owned  houses  at  Reading.  John 
Kempe,  aged  29,  confirmed  this.  Robert 
Benet,  aged  45,  swore  that  Robert  Benet  the 
•elder,  deceased,  was  indebted  to  the  late 
Abbot  of  Reading  in  the  sum  of  twenty 
pounds,  but  he  did  not  know  whether  the 
said  Robert  Benet  was  indebted  to  John 
Benet  of  London,  merchant  ;  that  the  said 
Robert  Benet  the  elder  made  his  wife  Julyan 
Benet  his  executrix  ;  and  that  he  heard 
the  said  Julyan  say  to  Julyan  Talke,  her 
daughter,  that  she  had  given  all  her  goods 
unto  Robert  Benet  her  son,  &c. 

John  Tawke,  of  the  parish  of  Hailyng 
in  the  diocese  of  Winchester,  made  his 
will  14  Nov.,  32  Henry  VIII.  (1540);  had 
land  at  Reading ;  mentioned  his  son 
John  Tawke  and  his  daughters  Phillip  and 
Alice,  and  two  younger  daughters  ;  proved 
in  P.C.C.,  "25  Alenger,"  11  March,  1540/41. 

Edward  Kempe  of  Whitbourne,  co.  Here- 
ford, gent.,  made  his  will  8  Feb.,  1613/14; 
mentioned  his  wife  Elizabeth  Kempe  and  his 
Aunt  Benet  ;  also  referred  to  the  Bishop  of 
Hereford,  but  did  not  call  him  his  uncle. 
A  codicil  was  dated  22  April,  1615  ;  and  the 
will  was  proved  in  P.C.C.,  "  82  Rudd," 
16  Sept.,  1615.  Edward  Kempe  was  buried 
in  Hereford  Cathedral. 

Anne  Benett,  wife  of  Bishop  Robert 
Benett,  died  at  Whitbourne,  and  was 
buried  there  11  Sept.,  1616.  On  20  Aug., 
1617,  the  Bishop  took  out  letters  of  admin- 
istration to  her  effects  in  the  Prerogative 
Court  of  Canterbury,  and,  dying  25  October 
following,  was  buried  in  his  cathedral. 

G.  R.  B. 

AUGVALDSNAES  CHURCH,  NORWAY  (10  S. 

X'  *  ?i9'\~7The  Caning  monolith  standing 
outside  this  church  is  one  of  the  sights  pointed 
out  to  the  tourist  on  the  sea  trip  between 


Stavanger  and  Bergen,  close  to  the  former. 
Its  local  name  is  "  Jomfru,  Maria's  Synaal  " 
(the  Virgin  Mary's  Needle),  and,  according 
to  a  popular  belief,  when  it  falls  on  the 
church  the  world  will  come  to  an  end. 
Messrs.  Thos.  Bennet  &  Sons,  the  well- 
known  tourists'  agents  (Ovre  Holmegade, 
16,  Stavanger),  may  be  able  to  supply  a 
picture  post  card  and  some  local  guide  with 
a  description  of  the  stone.  Engelhardt 
contributed  a  paper  on  "  bauta-stones " 
generally,  as  they  are  called,  and  other  pre- 
historic remains,  to  the  '  Aarboger  for 
nordisk.  Oldkyndighed,'  1876.  L  .  L.  K. 

BRIDAL  STONE  (10  S.  x.  329). — According 
to  the  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  bride- 
stones  in  North  Yorkshire  are  pillars  of 
rock  found  on  the  moors,  at  which  marriage 
ceremonies  were  formerly  practised.  Almost 
certainly  other  traces  of  the  custom  may  be 
found  in  the  folk-lore  of  England,  Wales, 
and  Ireland.  According  to  French  archaeo- 
logists, many  of  the  remarkable  stones  of 
their  country  are  traditionally  connected 
with  heathenish  rites  relating  to  love, 
matrimony,  and  the  cure  of  barrenness. 
In  some  instances  chapels  or  altars,  dedicated 
to  a  saint  propitious  to  the  multiplication 
of  the  human  race,  have  taken  the  place 
once  filled  by  a  stone,  or  a  water-spring — 
for  springs  also  are  connected  with  love  and 
birth.  Such  beliefs  are  probably  found 
throughout  wide  districts  in  Europe,  Asia, 
and  Africa.  There  is,  if  memory  does  not 
play  me  false,  some  account  of  such  stones 
in  one  of  the  volumes  of  Melusine,  a  French 
folk-lore  magazine  which  has  now  ceased 
to  appear.  R.  A. 

Some  of  the  following  notes  are  from  a 
supplementary  article  on  holed-stones,  by 
H.  Gaidoz,  in  Melusine,  tome  viii.  No.  9, 
mai-juin,  1897.  Probably  the  first  paper 
on  the  subject  contains  further  information. 

It  was  the  custom  at  Fouvent-le-Haut 
Haute-Saone),  and  even  in  the  neighbouring 
village,  for  the  parents,  after  a  child's 
Daptism,  to  take  it  to  the  Pierre  percee  and 
pass  it  through  the  opening.  This  was  the 
Baptism  of  the  stone.  It  was  meant  to 
preserve  the  child  from  all  kinds  of  maladies, 
and  secure  good  fortune  during  the  whole 
of  its  life. 

The  Pierre  trouee  of  Jouaignes  (canton  of 
3raines)  was  used  for  preserving  from  spells. 
Many  others  could  be  cited,  and  through 
,he  opening  of  them  all  the  head  of  the  person 
using  it  was  passed,  generally  to  learn  the 
uture — in  the  case  of  young  girls,  to  see 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  1908. j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


him  whom  they  were  to  marry.  The 
menhir  of  Drache  (Indre-et-Loire)  is  a  lime- 
stone block  pierced  with  an  oval  hole. 
Fiances  are  not  satisfied  till  the  marriage 
promises  have  been  made  through  this  hole. 
The  grass  growing  at  the  foot  of  the  menhir  is 
.a,  preservative  against  spells. 

George  Percy  Badger  in  '  The  Nestorians 
and  their  Ritual,'  i.  23,  mentions  that 
Delikli  Tash,  or  the  River  Rock,  derives  its 
name  from  an  adjacent  cliff  containing 
two  natural  apertures  through  which  the 
superstitious  villagers,  who  are  Moslems, 
believe  it  impossible  for  a  criminal  to  pass. 
They  also  think  that  if  any  one  succeeds  in 
entering  at  one  and  coming  out  at  the  other, 
he  is  sure  to  obtain  a  good  wife  when  he  is 
in  need  of  one. 

In  Brittany,  it  seems,  modern  gravestones 
may  receive  much  the  same  treatment  as 
monoliths  of  traditional  virtue  : — 

"  After  the  Restoration  mothers  brought  their 
.-sucklings  and  laid  them  at  length  on  the  tumulary 
stones  of  the  two  abb6s  [who  had  been  executed 
during  the  French  Revolution],  following  in  this 
~&  traditional  custom  of  Brittany,  which  has  for 
its  object  to  infuse  the  strength  of  martyrs  through 
young  children,  and  hasten  their  first  steps." — 
L'lntermddiaire,  20  Sept.,  1908,  col.  401. 

MELUSINE. 

RUDYARD  KIPLING  ON  SHAKESPEARE  (10  S. 
x.  348). — May  I  be  permitted  to  point  out 
that  the  "  essay  "  referred  to  by  Mr.  John 
•Corbin  in  Munsey's  Magazine  is  probably  the 
letter  which  Mr.  Kipling  addressed  to  The 
Spectator  on  2  July,  1898  ?  The  letter  was 
written  by  way  of  comment  on  a  leading 
article,  '  Landscape  and  Literature,'  pub- 
lished on  18  June  in  The  Spectator ;  the 
article  was  suggested  by  a  lecture  given  by 
Sir  Archibald  Geikie  on  the  effect  of  scenery 
on  literature.  Mr.  Kipling  answers  his  own 
question,  Whence  came  the  vision  of  the 
enchanted  island  in  '  The  Tempest '  ?  by 
stating  that  it  "  had  no  existence  in  Shake- 
speare's world,  but  was  woven  out  of  such 
-stuff  as  dreams  are  made  of."  After  a 
reference  to  the  account  of  the  wreck  of 
Sir  George  Somers  in  1609  on  the  Bermudas 
as  a  probable  source  of  Shakespeare's  vision, 
Mr.  Kipling  go'es  on  to  say  that  it  seems 
to  him  "  possible  that  the  vision  was  woven 
from  the  most  prosaic  material  —  from  no- 
thing more  promising,  in  fact,  than  the 
chatter  of  a  half -tipsy  sailor  at  a  theatre." 
He  further  explains  how  a  stage-manager  in 
search  of  material  might  mingle  with  the 
audience  and  overhear  a  mariner  talking 
of  the  strange  things  he  had  seen,  of  the 
•scenery,  and  of  the  Indians  with  whom  he 


had  come  into  contact.  But  for  further  argu- 
ments I  refer  MB.  PIERPOINT  to  the  letter 
itself.  W.  B.  OWEN. 

"DEAR":  "O  DEAR  NO!"  (10  S.  x. 
349.) — The  '  N.E.D.'  does  not  give  the 
origin  of  the  expression  "  O  dear."  It  was 
explained  by  me  at  considerable  length  in 
The  Modern  Language  Quarterly,  December, 
1902,  at  p.  147. 

The  quotations  show  that  the  formula 
"  Oh  !  dear  !  "  is  the  oldest.  It  was  not 
till  later  that  it  became  "  Oh  !  dear  Lord  !  " 
&c.  ;  i.e.,  it  was  misunderstood.  It  was 
simply  borrowed  from  Old  French  ;  even 
Cotgrave  gives  dea,  which  he  explains  by 
"  yes,  verily  "  ;  and  he  thinks  that  it  once 
meant  "  a  God's  name."  But  here  he  is 
wrong. 

It  is  fully  explained  in  Godefroy's  Old 
French  dictionary,  which  gives  dea,  dia, 
as  an  exclamation,  particularly  in  the 
phrase  he,  dia,  used  to  express  great  astonish- 
ment and  the  like.  To  understand  this, 
examine  all  his  examples  ;  there  is  a  whole 
column  full  of  them. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  that  dea  and  dia 
are  shortened  forms  of  the  O.F.  d-eable  and 
diable.  There  is  no  mystery  at  all.  The 
phrase  "  Oh  !  dear  !  "  is  an  English  sub- 
stitution for  the  O.F.  he,  dea,  which  simply 
meant  "  Oh  !  the  devil !  "  It  is  well  known 
how  oaths  come  to  be  "  minced."  Cotgrave 
had  the  right  idea,  but  did  not  discern  who 
was  invoked.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

BILLY  BUTLER  THE  HUNTING  PARSON 
(10  S.  x.  310). — -This  gentleman  was  the 
son  of  the  Rev.  Duke  Butler,  Rector  of 
Okeford  Fitz-Payne,  co.  Dorset.  He  matri- 
culated at  Oxford  9  May,  1780,  when  aged 
seventeen,  and  took  the  degree  of  B.C.L. 
in  1787  (see  'Alumni  Oxonienses ' ).  His 
father  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Butler, 
described  in  the  work  before  referred  to  as 
of  Camberwell,  Surrey,  gent.  The  Rev. 
Duke  Butler  matriculated  at  Oxford,  14-  June, 
1740,  when  aged  seventeen,  and  became 
B.A.  in  1744. 

I  have  been  informed  by  members  of  the 
family  that  Thomas  Butler  was  a  member 
of  the  Ormonde  family,  and  that  his  father 
resided  in  Dorsetshire,  but  I  have  up  to 
the  present  been  unable  to  trace  the  con- 
nexion. 

The  Rev.  William  Butler  never  married. 
He  had  two  brothers,  namely,  the  Rev. 
Robert  Butler  and  James  Butler  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  barrister-at-law.  The  latter 
was  my  wife's  great-grandfather. 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  w,  im 


I  regret  that  I  cannot  inform  the  querist  of 
the  place  where  the  Rev.  Wm.  Butler 
officiated.  All  I  know  on  this  point  is  that 
it  was  within  a  very  few  miles  of  Dorchester. 

I  mav  sav  that  I  have  always  heard  the 
Rev.  Wm/ Butler  referred  to  as  "  Billy 
Butler  the  Sporting  Parson  "  ;  also  that  I 
have  in  my  possession  a  copy  of  a  print  of 
him  in  hunting  costume,  holding  a  hunting- 
crop  in  his  hand.  R.  VATJGHAN  GOWER. 
Ferndale  Lodge,  Tun  bridge  Wells. 

HALDANE  (10  S.  x.  347). — In  Scotland 
the  first  syllable  of  the  name  of  the  present 
Secretary  for  War  is  pronounced  alterna- 
tively as  in  "  hall  "  or  in  "  Hal."  Tradition 
almost  invariably  employs  the  pronunciation 
as  in  "  hall  "  to  the  name  of  a  well-known 
Scottish  divine  of  the  first  half  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  Robert  Haldane,  Principal 
of  St.  Mary's  College,  St.  Andrews  (1820-54). 

W.  B. 

EMIGRANTS  TO  AMERICA  (10  S.  x.  326). — 
It  is  \vorth  recording  that  there  are  lists  of 
nearly  1,500  emigrants  sailing  from  Liver- 
pool for  transatlantic  colonies  for  the  years 
1697  to  1707.  These  lists  are  in  certain 
volumes  of  the  Corporation  records,  and  an 
account  of  them  by  John  Elton  is  given  in 
vol.  xvii.  (N.S.)  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Lancashire  and  Cheshire. 

R.  S.  B. 

SCOTS  GREYS  :  HISTORY  or  THE  REGIMENT 
(10  S.  x.  347).— There  is,  I  think,  no  full 
history  of  the  Scots  Greys.  The  best  is  the 
'  History  of  the  2nd  Dragoons  :  The  Royal 
Scots  Greys,  "  Second  to  None,"  '  by  Lieut.  - 
Col.  Percy  Groves  (W.  &  A.  K.  Johnston), 
1893,  with  plate  illustrations  by  Payne. 
This  was  one  of  the  parts  in  Messrs.  John- 
ston's series  "Illustrated  Histories  of  the 
Scottish  Regiments"  (No.  2),  and  is  now, 
unfortunately,  out  of  print.  The  work  gives 
in  one  of  the  appendices  a  list  of  the  officers 
(with  brief  personal  notes)  who  served  at 
the  battle  of  Waterloo.  Historical  sketches 
of  the  regiment  are  to  be  found  in  various 
service  publications,  all  more  or  less  inade- 
quate ;  but  your  Pennsylvanian  correspon- 
dent might  consult  Chichester  and  Short's 
'  Records  and  Badges  of  Every  Regiment 
and  Corps  in  the  British  Army'  (Gale  & 
Polden),  where  accurate  notes,  though  brief, 
will  be  found  ;  also  '  The  British  Army  :  its 
Regimental  Records,  Badges,  Devices,  &c.,' 
by  Major  Lawrence-Archer  (Bell),  where 
the  notes  are  good,  but  even  briefer. 

G.  M.  FRASER. 

Public  Library,  Aberdeen. 


An  official  illustrated  history  was  published' 
in  1840,  the  compiler  being  R.  Cannon,  with 
the  title  '  Historical  Record  of  the  Royal 
Regiment  of  Scots  Dragoons,  now  the 
Second,  or  Royal  North  British  Dragoons,, 
commonly  called  the  Scots  Greys  [1681- 
1839].' 

A  concise  and  useful  account  in  tabular 
form  will  be  found  in  R.  Trimen's  'The 
Regiments  of  the  British  Army,  Chronologic- 
ally Arranged,'  published  in  1878. 

AYEAHR. 

It  may  be  well  to  note  that  the  regiment 
was  originally  known  as  the  Royal  Regiment 
of  Scots  Dragoons.  Mr.  Chichester  in 
'  Records  and  Badges  '  states  that 
"  in  a  MS.  Army  List  of  1736,  preserved  at  the 
War  Office,  it  first  appears  as  the  Royal  North 
British  Dragoons,  a  title  retained  down  to  the 
Crimean  days." 

Its  present  title  is  the  2nd  Dragoons  (Royal 
Scots  Greys).  G.  YARROW  BALDOCK. 

If  MR.  J.  J.  STEWART  consults  '  The 
Waterloo  Roll  Call,'  by  C.  H.  Dalton,  he 
will  doubtless  find  officers  of  the  regiment 
he  inquires  about. 

(Mrs.)  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

THE  GLAMIS  MYSTERY  (10  S.  x.  241,  311). 
— In  Mrs.  Oliphant's  short  story  '  The 
Secret  Chamber,'  which  appeared  in  Black- 
wood  in  1876,  the  secret  of  Glamis  is  not  a 
"  monster  "  of  any  kind,  but  the  apparition 
of  a  wicked  ancestor,  a  magician  who  by 
supernatural  arts  stilt  survives  to  be  the 
curse  of  his  house.  The  tale,  short  as  it  is. 
is  a  good  example  of  Mrs.  Oliphant's  peculiar 
power  in  the  higher  kind  of  ghost-storv. 

C.  C.  B. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  EPITAPH  (10  S.  x.  346). — 
In  considering  the  relation  of  "  living  art  " 
to  Shakespeare's  "  wit,"  it  should  be  borne 
in  mind  that  in  Elizabethan  days  "  wit " 
was  not  uncommonly  used  to  denote  what 
we  should  now  include  under  the  term 
"  wisdom."  In  Sonnet  CXL.,  for  example, 
which  begins  "  Be  wise  as  thou  art  cruel," 
Shakespeare  himself  writes  : — 

If  I  might  teach  thee  wit,  better  it  were, 
Though  not  to  love,  yet,  love,  to  tell  me  so. 
And    Butler,    in    '  Miscellaneous    Thoughts/ 
summarily  intimates  that 

All  wit  does  but  avert  men  from  the  road 
In  which  things  vulgarly  are  understood, 
And  force  mistake  and  ignorance  to  own 
A  better  sense  than  commonly  is  known. 
Thus  a  man's  wit,   and   Shakespeare's  wit 
above  all,  in  this  large  and  comprehensive-- 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  14, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


sense  cannot  die  with  him,  but  remains 
the  exemplar  and  the  grand  property  of 
the  ages.  What  Shakespeare  wrote  repre- 
sents the  dominating  attitude  and  the 
supreme  hand  of  the  master,  in  relation  to 
which  "  living  art  "  occupies  but  the  sub- 
ordinate position  of  a  page. 

There  is  a  certain  kinship  with  this  in  the 
thought  of  Ben  Jonson's  line, 

Thou  art  a  monument  without  a  tomb. 
The  context  shows  that  the  eulogist  sharply 
distinguishes  Shakespeare  from  the  other 
mighty  dead  with  whom  alone  it  is  possible 
to  bring  him  into  comparison.  While  they 
have  passed  away,  leaving  only  a  partial 
impression,  he  is  altogether  immortal,  and 
it  is  impossible  to  conceive  of  him  as  in  any 
sense  within  the  tomb.  He  stands  forth 
distinct,  independent,  complete  in  every 
part,  nothing  in  him  old  or  decayed,  and 
endued  for  ever  with  radiant  freshness  for 
all  men  to  see  and  admire.  Mortality  besets 
the  others,  and  it  is  befitting  that  they  should 
be  within  the  ordinary  confines ;  immor- 
tality is  his  high  prerogative,  and  he  remains 
for  the  world  an  inevitable  presence  of 
monumental  endurance  and  impressiveness. 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.  348). — MB.  RICHARD  WELFORD  will  find 
his  quotation  in  Shakespeare's  '  Pericles,' 
Act  I.  sc.  ii.  1.  79  :— 

'Tis  time  to  fear  when  tyrants  seem  to  kiss. 
R.  A.  POTTS. 

Surely  the  couplet  which  MR.  D.  BAYNE 
quotes  is  an  exercise  in  alliteration,  and 
should  run — 

Begot  by  butchers,  but  by  bishops  bred, 
How  high  his  Highness  holds  his  haughty  head  ! 

G.  W.  E.  R. 

The    following    variant    of    the    lines    on 
Cardinal  Wolsey  may  be  found  in  '  Antho- 
logia  Oxoniensis,'  p.  87  (1846)  : — 
'On  Cardinal  Wolsey.' 

How  high  his  Honour  holds  his  haughty  head, 
Begot  by  butchers,  and  by  beggars  bred  ! 

'  In  Wolseium.' 

Quam  grayis  incedit  Majestas  ore  supino, 
Cui,  laniis  genita,  de  stipe  victus  erat ! 
No  author's  name  appended,  but  the  Latin 
translation  is  by  George  Booth,   B.D.   for- 
merly Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford. 
JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

The  couplet  is  probably  by  Crabbe  or  in 
imitation  of  him.  W.  SCARGILL. 

[MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIC4HT  also  thanked  for  reply.] 


OVOCA  OR  AVOCA  (10  S.  x.  308). — Mr.  and 
Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall,  both  natives  of  Ireland  and 
lovers  of  their  country,  in  their  interesting 
work  '  Ireland :  its  Scenery,  Character,' 
&c.,  1841-2,  spell  the  word  "  Avoca."  The 
Irish  poet  Thomas  Moore  (whom,  by  the 
way,  Mr.  Hall  once  told  me  he  had  known 
as  *  a  dear  and  intimate  friend),  in  his 
"melody"  'The  Meeting  of  the  Waters,' 
apostrophizes  the  "  Sweet  Vale  of  Avoca." 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  we  turn  to  such  a 
prosaic  work  of  reference  as  *  Cassell's 
Gazetteer  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,'  we 
find  the  village  and  river  treated  of  under  the 
name  Ovoca  (with  an  inset  view,  *  Vale  of 
Ovoca  ' ),  with  a  cross-reference  only  under 
the  letter  A.  Perhaps  the  railway  officials 
would  have  been  most  influenced  by  the 
last-named  authority. 

FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

The  Great  Western  Railway  Company  is 
not  singular  in  the  spelling,  as  both  forms 
are  used  indiscriminately  in  many  other 
time-tables  and  guide-books.  It  is  in  co. 
Wicklow,  not  co.  Wexford. 

CHARLES  SHELLEY. 

EDWARD  MORRIS,  M.P.  (10  S.  x.  350).— 
Edward  Morris,  a  Fellow  of  Peterhouse, 
Cambridge,  and  a  barrister  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  who  was  returned  for  Newport 
(Cornwall)  at  a  by-election  on  20  June, 
1803  (and  again  at  the  general  elections  of 
1806  and  1807),  was  the  nominee  of  Hugh 
second  Duke  of  Northumberland,  who  was 
then  the  "  patron  "  of  that  borough,  which 
had  passed  out  of  the  hands  of  the  Morices 
of  Werrington  a  score  of  years  before.  He 
was  one  of  the  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons  (including  Fox,  Grey,  and  Sheri- 
dan) which  drew  up  the  articles  of  impeach- 
ment against  Lord  Melville  on  26  June,  1805 
(Colchester's  '  Diary,'  vol.  ii.  p.  12) ;  and 
as  a  writer  he  has  the  distinction  of  being 
mentioned  in  conjunction  with  Sheridan 
in  *  Vanity  Fair '  (vol.  ii.  chap.  xii. ),  in  the 
description  of  Gaunt  House. 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

THE  BASTINADO  AS  AN  ENGLISH  MILITARY 
PUNISHMENT  (10  S.  x.  246,  355).— L.  L.  K.'s 
reference  to  the  bastinado  in  Turkey  suggests 
a  quotation  from  the  '  History  of  the  Rod  ' 
(p.  240)  :— 

"  Flagellation  in  the  form  of  the  bastinade  is  in 
daily  use  amongst  the  Turks.  Their  mode  of 
administering  it  is  as  follows  : — Two  men  support 
between  them  a  long  pole,  which  is  kept  in  a 
horizontal  position  :  about  the  middle  of  it  are 
cords  with  a  couple  of  running  knots  or  nooses ; 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  im. 


through  these  the  naked  feet  of  the  prisoner  are 
forced,  and  then  made  tight  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  soles  are  fairly  exposed.  The  man  is  then 
thrown  upon  his  back,  and  resting  upon  neck  and 
shoulders,  with  feet  inverted,  is  forthwith  beaten 
by  a  third  man  with  a  tough  heavy  stick." 

The  above  describes  pretty  accurately 
a  scene  shown  upon  a  realistically  illustrated 
post  card  which  I  purchased,  a  few  weeks 
ago,  in  Moscow.  It  represents  the  punish- 
ment as  at  present  carried  out  in  Caucasia. 
The  only  variations  are  that  there  are  four 
inflictors  of  the  beating  (two  on  each  side 
of  the  pole),  and  instead  of  sticks,  each  one 
holds  a  whip,  delivering  the  strokes  in  turn. 
The  whip  itself  has  a  wooden  stock  about 
a  foot  in  length,  whilst  the  leather  thong 
is  nearly  three  times  as  long. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

Cf.     the     description      of    Higginbottom, 
captain  of  the  Fire  Brigade,  in  '  A  Tale  of 
Drury  Lane  '  in  '  Rejected  Addresses  '  : — 
The  cane  he  had  his  men  to  bang 
Showed  foreman  of  the  British  gang. 

So  apparently  the  bastinado  was  not  con- 
fined to  the  Army.  G.  W.  E.  R, 

MANOR  ROLLS  (10  S.  x.  309). — MRS.  COPE, 
and  other  students,  will  find  that,  on  the 
whole,  Mr.  Trice  Martin's  '  Record  Inter- 
preter '  is  the  most  useful  book  in  English. 

As  to  land  measures,  there  is  a  good  deal 
of  evidence  in  an  appendix  to  the  second 
volume  of  Thorold  Rogers' s  '  Agriculture 
and  Prices.'  Examination  of  it  may  have 
a  useful  effect  if  it  leads  some  writers  to  a 
greater  diffidence  in  statistical  inference. 

Q.  V. 

"  COTTESWOLD  "  IN  ITALIAN  (10  S.  X.  325). 

— I  venture  to  think  the  above  is  a  more 
exact  title  for  the  subject-matter  of  MR. 
BADDELEY'S  note.  He  will  find  that  Dr. 
Cunningham's  '  English  Industry  and  Com- 
merce :  Early  and  Middle  Ages  '  contains  in 
its  fourth  edition  the  full  text  of  Pegalotti's 
account  of  English  monasteries  that  supplied 
Florence  with  wool.  The  MS.  is  a  good  deal 
later  than  1315,  and  had  suffered  from 
transcription.  I  may  add  that  all  the  place- 
names  that  appeared  doubtful  had  been 
verified  for  me  with  the  MS.  before  Dr. 
Cunningham  knew  that  the  text  had  been 
printed  by  Pagnini,  and  at  least  one  house 
which  Pagnini  had  omitted  was  added. 

Peruzzi's  list  is  shown  by  internal  evidence 
to  have  been  copied  on  slips  of  paper,  which 
got  out  of  order  before  they  reached  his 
printer. 


The  MS.  is  very  clearly  written  ;  and  it  wa*- 
only  in  the  course  of  attempting  to  check 
Peruzzi's  names  with  it  a  good  many  years 
ago  that  I  was  told  by  the  courteous  librarian 
hat  the  whole  had  been  printed. 

I  am  writing  away  from  books,  or  might 
give  more  particulars. 

ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

"  WRONGHALF  "  :  "TARGE"  (10  S.  x. 
248). — Targe  or  target  is  a  familiar  word  in 
he  sense  of  a  shield.  Could  it  not  be  used 
here  in  the  somewhat  similar  sense  of  a 
)rotection,  not  against  attack,  but  against 
observation  ?  From  the  fact  that  it  is  used 
n  conjunction  with  heyes,  i.e.,  hedges,  we 
may  conjecture  that  it  denotes  something 
n  the  nature  of  a  decoy  or  screen,  which, 
>y  hiding  the  sportsman  from  view,  enabled 
lim  to  approach  his  quarry  without  arousing 
suspicion.  Dr.  Mackay  in  his  '  Lost  Beauties 
of  the  English  Language '  quotes  Herbert 
Coleridge's  '  Dictionary  of  the  Oldest  Words 
n  the  English  Language,'  where  targe  is 
defined  to  be  "a  combination  of  shields, 
ike  the  Roman  testudo."  Prof.  Skeat  in  his 

Etymological  Dictionary '  says  that  the 
A.-S.  targe  is  cognate  with  O.H.G.  zarga, 
a  frame,  wall  ;  and  Ger.  zarge,  a  frame, 
Dorder,  case.  Fick  gives  the  Teutonic  type 
as  targa,  an  enclosure,  border,  and  compares 
Lithuan.  darza,  a  garden,  enclosure. 

C.  E.  LOMAX. 

Louth,  co.  Lincoln. 

BRITISH  ENVOY  AT  WARSAW  IN  1774  (10  S.. 
x.  327). — In  '  The  St.  James's  Register  ;  or, 
Royal  Annual  Kalendar,'  for  1765,  p.  106,. 
the  British  Minister  in  Poland  is  given  as 
Tho.  Wroughton,  Esq. — the  same  name- 
as  I  find  mentioned  in  an  old  diary  of  a- 
journey  through  Poland  under  date  of  31  July, 
1778,  W.  C.  L.  FLOYD. 

EXTRAORDINARY  CONTEMPORARY  ANIMALS 
(10  S.  x.  309). — Je  sais  tout  is  not  a  common 
object  in  England.  W.  T.  would  increase 
his  chance  of  getting  help  through  'N.  &  Q.' 
if  he  would  describe  the  Alaskan  wonder 
about  which  he  wishes  for  information. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

DONKEYS,     MEASLES,     AND     WHOOPING- 
COUGH  (10  S.  x.  326). — See  7  S.  iv.  5,  176  ; 
8  S.  viii.  428,  514  ;    xi.  206,  414  ;     9  S.  xii. 
126.     Also  Hone's  '  Year-Book,'  29  February. 
JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

MISSING  WORD  (10  S.  x.  327). — I  fancy 
the  Austrian  writer  has  met  with  our  word 
swashbuckler,  which  comprises  some  of  his 
identifications.  WILLIAM  MERGER. 


10  B.  x.  NOV.  u,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


JRi&relltttuous. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Dictionary  of  Quotations  (French).    By  T.  B.  Har- 

bottle  and  Col.  P.  H.  Dalbiac.    (Sonnenschein  & 

Co.) 

WE  have  here  a  cheaper  edition  of  the  second 
issue  of  a  work  of  laudable  completeness.  Messrs. 
Sonnenschein's  '  Dictionaries  of  Quotations '  are 
among  the  most  useful  of  helps  for  inquirers,  be- 
cause they  contain  indexes  of  both  authors  and  sub- 
jects. Here  we  find  237  pages  of  quotations  duly 
translated,  and  our  search  for  the  source  of  many 
quotations  at  random  has,  on  the  whole,  had  satis- 
factory results.  "  Le  mieux  est  1'ennemi  du  bien," 
which  our  late  Editor  was  fond  of  quoting  concern- 
ing literary  revision,  is  Voltaire's  ;  and  that  brilliant 
penman  is  well  represented  here  with  six  items 
from 'Candide,'  fourteen  from  the  '  Epltres,'  ten 
from  the  '  Essai  sur  les  Moeurs,'  and  thirty-nine 
from  the  '  Lettres,'  not  to  mention  numerous  others 
from  the  '  Theatre,'  or  classed  as  "Various."  Besides 
La  Bruyere  and  La  Rochefoucauld,  the  less-known 
Vauveriargues  supplies,  we  are  glad  to  notice,  some 
excellent  maxims.  A  favourite  modern  quotation, 
"Plus  9a  change,  plus  c'est  la  meme  chose,"  is  duly 
cited  as  from  '  Les  GueSpes '  of  Alphonse  Karr. 
There  is  nothing  from  Zola,  though  one  might 
almost  expect  to  rind  his  "J'accuse.'  Maupassant 
has  two  phrases,  one  of  which  is  "  L'histoire,  cette 
vieille  dame  exaltee  et  menteuse."  Does  not 
Musset's  '  On  ne  badine  pas  avec  1' Amour '  deserve 
inclusion?  We  have  been  told  that  the  "psycho- 
logical moment,"  now  become  an  almost  mean- 
ingless vulgarism  in  the  hands  of  journalists,  is 
French  in  origin,  which  seems  likely.  It  does  not 
figure  here ;  is  it,  perchance,  from  the  drama  of 
Dumas  fils?  The  "defects  of  their  qualities"  is 
noted  as  from  Balzac's  '  Lily  in  the  Valley,'  and 
many  other  admirable  maxims  of  his  are  included. 

From  'Illusions  Perdues'  is  given  "Le  journal 
tient  pour  vrai  tout  ce  qui  est  probable."  Balzac 
has  this  in  a  simpler  form  in  his  '  Monographic  de 
la  Presse  Parisienne':  "Pour  le  journaliste,  tout 
ce  qui  est  probable  est  vrai."  We  fail,  however,  to 
find  in  the  pages  before  us  the  "enchanted  cigars" 
which  stand  for  literary  dreams ;  the  essential 
irony  of  Providence,  in  which  Balzac  and  Tacitus 
agree ;  and  two  ideas  which  Disraeli  may  have 
stolen  concerning  the  gondola  of  London  and  critics 
as  literary  failures. 

Another  very  striking  epigram  not  recorded  here 
is,  "  Le  despotisme  tempere  par  I'assassinat,  c'est 
notre  Magna  Charta."  This  was,  we  believe,  a 
comment  by  a  Russian  general  on  the  strangling  of 
the  Tsar  Paul  in  1801. 

Folk-lore  in  Lowland  Scotland.    By  Eva  Blantyre 

Simpson.     (Dent  &  Co.) 

THE  folk-lorist  will  be  disappointed  in  this  book, 
as  he  wttl  look  in  vain  for  any  new  and  first-hand 
information.  Miss  Simpson  has  read  some  of  the 
ordinary  books  on  Scottish  customs  and  super- 
stitions, and  is  content  to  work  up  her  acquired 
learning  in  pages  rich  in  descriptive  adjectives,  but 
signally  deficient  in  new  facts  and  in  the  scientific 
spirit. '  The  first  chapter,  '  Beltane  and  the  Van- 
ished Races,'  prepared  us  for  the  worst,  as  it  proves 
that  the  writer  has  not  got  beyond  the  era  of 
Vallancey  and  Bryant  and  Faber.  She  still  holds 
that  Baal  and  Moloch  once  gambolled  over  Cale- 


donia as  on  their  native  heath.  Beltane  is  Baal's ; 
fire  (p.  29),  and  when  loyal  Scots  kindled  bonfires- 
in  honour  of  the  late  Queen's  Jubilee,  "  despite  the 
lapse  of  ages,  we  adhered  to  the  practice  learned  by 
our  ancestors  from  the  priests  of  Baal  "  (p.  32). 

It  is  somewhat  characteristic  that  there  are  no 
references  to  any  authorities,  no  foot-notes,  no- 
index.  There  are  many  points  on  which  these 
helps  would  have  been  useful ;  e.g.,  a  Scottish  "  sin- 
eater"  referred  to  on  p.  206;  a  Roman  "festival 
called  Fernalia"  (p.  12);  and  an  ancient  Egyptian 
belief  that  the  anemone  was  "  the  emblem  of  sick- 
ness and  suffering"  (p.  153).  Here,  indeed,  we  are 
referred  to  Mrs.  Miller  Maxwell's  '  Children's  Wild 
Flowers,'  but  we  like  not  the  security ;  a  reference 
to  Brugsch  or  Erman  or  Wiedemann  would  be  more' 
to  the  purpose.  "Maunday"  (p.  123),  "eucaliptus" 
(p.  97),  and  "  naves,"  a  ship  (p.  76),  may  be  passed 
as  misprints ;  but  deisual  (p.  55)  and  brock  for 
brough  or  halo  are,  to  say  the  least,  unusual  spell- 
ings of  Gaelic  words.  "John  Brounger  used  to  beg 
of  some  of  the  able-bodied  boys  in  blue  oysters  from 
their  catch  "  (p.  133)  is  an  enigmatical  sentence,  the 
meaning  of  which  eludes  us.  However,  the  book  is 
readable,  if  not  authoritative. 

My  Story,  by  Hall  Caine,  is  published  by  Mr. 
Heinemann  for  Messrs.  Collier  &  Co.  We  remark 
at  the  outset  that  there  is  no  sign  given  that  the- 
contents  of  this  volume  have  previously  appeared 
in  the  press,  and  that  the  title  is  too  large  for  the- 
occasion.  We  are  not  particularly  attracted  by  the 
more  or  less  sensational  personalia  of  which  some 
fugitive  publications  make  a  special  feature. 
Mr.  Caine's  autobiography  is  mainly  a  revision  and 
enlargement  of  his  'Recollections  of  Rossetti/ 
published  in  1882.  He  adds  some  details  of  his 
early  days  and  of  his  relations  with  other  notable 
figures  of  the  world  of  letters,  and  it  is  not 
surprising  that  he  is  a  principal  character  in  his 
own  drama,  as  he  says.  Mr.  Caine's  ideas  of 
reticence  and  good- taste  are  not  ours.  As  he  is  by 
way  of  appealing,  like  another  popular  novelist,  to 
his  great  public,  and  has  permitted  himself  language 
concerning  the  critics  of  his  work  which  we  regard 
as  most  unbecoming,  we  may  leave  that  public  to 
enjoy,  without  any  further  word  of  ours,  the  fare 
set  before  them. 

POLITICS  occupy  the  preponderating  position  in> 
The  National  Revieiv  for  this  month.  '  Episodes  of 
the  Month,'  which  leads  off  the  number,  gives 
occasion,  as  might  be  expected,  for  some  pungent 
writing.  It  is  contended  that  "  National  Defence 
remains  the  supreme  question  of  the  day,  but  our 
Parliamentary  Podsnaps  are,  as  usual,  immersed  in 
trifles."  The  statement  of '  Unionist  Policy '  made 
in  The  Morning  Post  of  12  October  is  reprinted,  and 
said  to  represent  "  some  of  the  most  active  sup- 
porters and  influential  members  of  the  Unionist 
Party,  both  in  and  out  of  Parliament."  The  Review 
recognizes  that  the  return  of  the  "  old  gang  in  the 
old  places"  is  not  a  prospect  which  makes  for 
elation.  Mrs.  Ivor  Maxse,  discussing  'Votes  for 
Women,'  thinks  that  the  women  are  competent  to 
advise,  influence,  and  inspire  men  with  regard  to 
affairs  of  State,  but  not  to  vote  themselves.  Mr. 
A.  M.  Low  in  '  American  Affairs '  fails,  like  most 
of  the  prophets,  to  forecast  the  result  of  the 
Presidential  Election.  Miss  Eveline  Godley  writes 
on  '  Ballads  and  the  Border,'  and  Col.  de  la  Poer 
Beresfordon  '  Paris  under  the  Empire,'  but  neither 
article  can  be  called  important. 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  im 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — NOVEMBER. 

MR.  THOMAS  BAKER'S  CatalogueJ532  contains  a  set 
of  The  Church  Quarterly,  54  vols.,  half  calf,  4/.  10s.; 
a  complete  edition  of  Aquinas,  181. ;  one  of  Me- 
lanchthon,  28  vols.,  4to,  4£.  :  a  fine  copy  of  the 
Sixtine  Bible,  1592,  9£.  10s. ;  '  Encyclopaedia  Biblica,' 
4  vols,  4to,  cloth,  31.  5s. ;  Hare's  '  Story  of  Two 
Noble  Lives,'  large  paper,  3  vols.,  small  4to,  15s.  ; 
Brownlow  and  Nortncote's  '  Early  Christian  Sym- 
bolism,' plates  coloured  by  hand,  11.  10s. ;  and 
Zollner's  'Pulpit  Orator,'  6  vols.,  11.  10s.  An 
Appendix  to  the  Catalogue  contains  Liturgies  and 
Liturgical  Literature. 

We  have  received  from  the  Bibliophile  Press 
No.  32  of  '  Anglo- Judaica.'  It  is  well  printed, 
quarto  size,  and  is  illustrated,  the  portraits  in 
this  number  being  those  of  the  Rev.  M.  Hast,  first 
precentor  of  the  Great  Synagogue,  London,  and  the 
fate  Rev.  Simeon  Singer,  of  the  New  West  End 
Synagogue,  and  the  late  Rev.  B.  Spiers.  The  first 
portion  of  the  catalogue  is  devoted  to  second-hand 
books,  all  of  Jewish  interest.  The  second  part 
contains  new  books,  and  opens  with  "a  great 
literary  monument  of  Jewish  life  and  thought," 
the  complete  translation  of  the  Babylonian  Talmud, 
edited'  by  Dr.  Rodkinson,  20  vols.,  roy.  8vo,  101.  10s. 
Abu  '1-Walid's  '  Book  of  Hebrew  Roots,'  edited  by 
Dr.  Neubauer,  4to,  1875,  is  21.  7s.  Qd.  Under  Manu- 
scripts is  '  Catalogue  of  the  Hebrew  Manuscripts  in 
the  Bodleian  and  College  Libraries  of  Oxford,'  4to, 
1886,  3£.  12s.  Qd.  There  is  a  collection  of  unique 
Jewish  relics,  including  a  Sepher  case  reputed  to  be 
400  years  old ;  it  is  three  feet  high,  and  was  found 
by  a  traveller  in  a  Mohammedan  mosque  in  Kai- 
fengfu.  Two  rubbings  on  silk  were  taken  from  a 
stone  monument  set  up  in  memory  of  the  Ching 
Ching  Cenoby.  The  synagogue,  with  rolls  of  the 
Pentateuch,  was  destroyed  by  the  overflowing  of 
the  Yellow  River  about  1403.  A  Chinese  Jewish 
petition  from  the  community  referred  to  in  the 
rubbings  asks  for  help  to  rebuild  their  synagogue. 
The  price  of  the  collection  is  521.  10s. 

Mr.  A.  Lionel  Isaacs  has  issued  a  Short  Catalogue 
in  which  are  many  valuable  items,  including  three 
original  unpublished  autograph  manuscripts  of 
Charlotte  Bronte's,  85  guineas.  Under  Byron,  is 
the  autograph  manuscript  of  a  poem,  'The  King  of 
the  Humbugs,'  52/.  10s.  Under  Carlell  is  'The 
Passionate  Lovers,'  full  levant,  1655,  11.  7s.  This 
contains  Humphrey  Moseley's  catalogue,  among  the 
books  being  '  Poems  by  Mr.  William  Shakespeare, 
Gent.,' <Scc.  Under  Costumes  is  'The  Miroir  de  la 
Mode,'  1803,  101.  ;  and  under  Cruikshank,  '  German 
Popular  Stories,'  full  levant,  uncut,  by  Riviere, 
1823-6,  2  vols.,  85£.  (a  unique  copy  of  the  excessively 
rare  first  edition).  Dickens  items  include  a  copy  of 
'  Oliver  Twist,'  3  vols.,  1838,  57^.  10s.  In  this  are 
inserted  original  pencil  drawings  by  Cruikshank. 
On  one  sheet,  in  Cruikshank's  handwriting,  is  the 
following :  "  Sketches  for  '  Oliver  Twist.'  Sugges- 
tions to  Mr.  C.  Dickens,  the  Writer."  The  Second 
Series  of  '  Sketches  by  Boz,'  is  a  presentation  copy 
to  "J.  P.  Horley,  Esqre.,  from  his  very  sincerely 
Charles  Dickens,  Jany.  15th,  1837,"  original  cloth  in 
levant  case,  45£.  Under  Scott  are  valuable  items, 
including  a  presentation  copy  of '  Quentin  Durward ' ; 
tinder  Leigh  Hunt  is  the  first  edition  of  'The 
Italian  Poets,'  blue  levant,  1846,  17/.  10s.  ;  and 
under  Charles  Lever  the  original  manuscript  of 
*  The  Bramleighs  of  Bishop's  Folly,'  2  vols.,  bound 


by  Riviere,  1868,  200?.  Did  space  allow,  we  might 
note  many  more.  The  catalogue  also  includes  a 
collection  of  French  illustrated  books  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century. 

Mr.  W.  M.  Murphy  of  Liverpool  has  in  his 
List  139  choice  books  on  Orchids,  including  a  com- 
plete set  of  '  Iconographie  des  Orchidees,'  1885- 
1903,  very  scarce,  251.  There  is  a  choice  set  of 
Ainsworth's  Works,  16  vols.,  half-calf,  51.  5s.  Items 
under  Architecture  include  Britton's  '  Antiquities,' 
5  vols.,  4to,  half-russia,  1807-35,  21.  18s.  Among 
other  books  are  a  nice  set  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
51.  5s.;  Chaucer,  folio,  old  calf,  1721,  11.  16s.;  first 
edition  of  Bradford's  coloured  plates,  1809-10, 21. 15s. ; 
and  Ben  Jonson's  Works,  7  vols.,  1756,  21.  10s. 
Dickens  collectors  will  be  interested  in  the  original 
play-bill  of  a  performance  by  the  amateur  company 
organized  by  Dickens  in  '  Itfot  so  Bad  as  We  Seem,' 
at  the  Philharmonic  Hall,  Liverpool,  14  Feb.,  1852, 
21.  10s.  (in  the  same  volume  are  two  early  provincial 
bills).  Works  on  the  Isle  of  Man  include  Train's 
'  Historical  Account,'  giving  peculiar  customs  and 
superstitions,  Douglas,  1845,  II.  10s. 

FOR  the  purpose  of  founding  an  Islington  Anti- 
quarian and  Historical  Society  a  meeting  will  be 
held  at  the  Central  Public  Library,  Holloway 
Road,  Highbury,  on  the  evening  of  3  December. 
Such  an  organization  for  the  special  study  of  local 
antiquities  and  history  has  long  been  desired.  The 
Honorary  Secretary  pro  tern,  is  Mr.  S.  T.  C.  Weekes, 
10,  York  House,  Highbury  Crescent ;  and  the  pro- 
moting Committee  includes  Messrs.  Aleck  Abra- 
hams, H.  W.  Fincham,  J.  W.  Hancock,  and  W.  H. 
Pratt. 

FROM  the  bookshop  of  Leo  Liepmannssohn  at 
Berlin  comes  a  catalogue  headed  the  "  Zeune-Spitta 
Collection,"  which  affords  a  large  choice  of  letters 
and  MSS.  of  men  of  military  and  political  distinc- 
tion, poets  and  men  of  letters,  and  artists.  In  all 
these  three  sections,  as  the  illustrations  of  the  cata- 
logue show,  there  is  much  worth  the  attention  of 
collectors  of  autographs.  Goethe  figures  in  some 
interesting  documents;  Gottsched  (1733)  quotes 
Juvenal  in  an  excellent  handwriting ;  and  there 
are  letters  of  Heine  and  Alexander  Pope,  musical 
MSS.  of  Chopin  and  Wagner,  and  several  unprinted 
items  of  Beethoven.  The  sale  at  auction  of  the 
collection,  by  J.  A.  Stargardt  of  Liitzowstrasse, 
Berlin,  takes  place  from  the  23rd  to  the  25th  inst. 


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A.  C.  H.— Forwarded  to  Calcutta. 

C.  W.  ("Spenser's  'Faerie  Queene'"). — We  can- 
not advise  as  to  prices  of  old  books. 

F.  W.  R.  ("Free  Libraries  and  Mr.  Andrew 
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comb  Street,  W.C.,  would  probably  answer  your 
question. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  u,  im. 

FROM  CHAPMAN  &  HALL'S  AUTUMN  LIST 

A    HANDSOME    EDITION,    WITH    COLOUBED    PLATES,    OF 

Shakespeare's  *  The  Tempest.'  With  Illustrations  in  Colour  by  PAUL  WOODROFFE  and  Songs 
by  JOSEPH  MOORAT.  Demy  4to,  10s.  6d.  net. 

The  Publishers  confidently  believe  that  the  faery  fantasy  and  deep  allegorical  suggestion  of c  The  Tempest '  have  never 
been  so  exquisitely  rendered  as  in  these  beautiful  pictures  by  Mr.  Woodroffe. 

Mr.  Woodroffe  has  no  affectations  ;  he  is  no  mannered  poseur  of  the  studio. 

There  is  nothing  in  his  pictures  designed  to  astonish  or  excite  the  incredulity  of  the  spectator ;  he  attempts  no  artistic 
gymnastics.  But  with  rare  sympathy,  and  not  a  little  of  the  intense  feeling  of  the  poetic  interpreter,  he  lays  his  ear  to 
the  heart  of  the  poetry,  and  draws  what  is  suggested  to  him  in  the  full  glow  of  sincerity  and  intuition.  . 

W.    B.    YEATS'S    COMPLETE    WOBKS. 

The  Collected  Works  in  Verse  and  Prose  of  William  Butler  Yeats,  Containing 
Portraits  of  JOHN  S.  SARGENT,  R.A.,  SIGNOR  MANCINI,  CHARLES  SHANNON,  J.  B.  YEATS.  In  eight 
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Stratford-on-Avon.  A  thousand  and  sixty  copies  printed  and  the  type  distributed. 

AN    ADVENTUBOUS    AND    BOMANTIC    FAMILY. 
The  Gay  Gordons  :  some  Strange  Adventures  of  a  Famous  Scots  Family.     By 

J.  M.  BULLOCH.    With  Portraits  and  Illustrations.    Demy  8vo,  10*.  6d.  net. 

IMPOBTANT    WOBK    ON    CHINA. 

Ancient  China  Simplified.  B.y  EDWARD  HARPER  PARKER,  Author  of  'China  Past  and 
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AN    ADVENTUBOUS    LIFE. 

The  Life  and  Times  of  Simon  Fraser  :  Lord  Lovat.  By  W.  C.  MACKENZIE.  With 
Portraits  and  Illustrations.  Demy  Svo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

A    UNIQUE    DICKENS    PICTUBE-BOOK. 

Scenes  and  Characters  from  the  Works  of  Charles  Dickens.  Being  866  Pictures 
printed  from  the  original  Wood  Blocks  engraved  for  "The  Household  Edition"  by  FRED  BARNARD,  "PHIZ," 
J.  MAHONY,  CHARLES  GREEN,  A.  B.  FROST,  GORDON  THOMSON,  SIR  LUKE  FILDES,  R.A.,  and 

others.    Imperial  Svo,  105.  6d.  net. 

PLANT    STUDIES    IN    DECOBATION. 
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Herbals.  With  numerous  Illustrations  in  Colour  and  Black  and  White.  Arranged  with  Notes  and  Additional 
Drawings,  and  an  Essay  on  the  Use  of  Plants  in  Decorative  Design.  By  RICHARD  G.  HATTON,  Hon.  A.R.C.A. 
(Lond.).  Demy  Svo. 

NEW    PLAYS    BY    MB.    W.    L.    COUBTNEY. 

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The  Literary  Man's  Bible.  A  Selection  of  Passages  from  the  Old  Testament,  Historic,  Poetic, 
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TWO    FASCINATING    ANTHOLOGIES. 


FAIBY    POETBY. 

The  Magic  Casement.  A  Book  of  Faery 
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VOLUME  II.    JUST  PUBLISHED. 

ORIGIN  AND  DEVELOPMENT 
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EARTHWORK  OF  ENGLAND : 

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other  Stories.    By  B.  L.  PUTNAM  WEALE,  Author 
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PATHS    OF   THE    RIGHTEOUS.      By   L. 

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JOAN       OF 

KINROSS. 
TOGETHER.    By  ROBERT  HERRICK 


GARIOCH.         By      ALBERT 


THE      DIVA'S      RUBY.       By     F.     MARION 

CRAWFORD.     A   Sequel  to  'The  Primadonna'  and 

'Soprano.' 
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MAMMA.      By  RHODA  BROUGHTON. 
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401 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  31,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  256. 

NOTES  :— Pimlico  :  Eyeb right,  401— Isabella  Lickbarrow— 
Dodsley's  Collection  of  Poetry,  403— Milton's  House  in 
Aldersgate  Street,  404  —  Joanna  Southcott's  Celestial 

405  _  Nancy  Day  —  "  Liberte",  Egalite",  Fraternite"  "— 
J.  Henry  Martin,  Artist — Harewood  House,  Hanover 
Square,  406— Leland  on  Trowbridge,  407. 

QUERIES  :— "Prussian"— Lord  Howe's  Victory  on  1  June 

Richard  Dighton,  Caricaturist — '  Chovevi-Zion ' — Berge- 

rode,  407— Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted—"  Shibboleth  " 

Bruges  :  its  Pronunciation — '  The  Shutes  of  Sheffield ' — 

•"  Behold  this  ruin  !  "—The  Disobedient  Son,  408— Hynmers 
of  New  Inn— Abb^  de  Lubersac— John  Lawrence,  Clerk- 
Edinburgh  :  its  Name  — Ellen  as  a  Surname  —  Mitred 
Abbots,  410. 

REPLIES  :— Raleigh's  House  at  Brixton— "  Ising-glass," 
411— Sydney,  1789-1908  —  Guernsey  Lily  — First  English 
Bishop  to  Marry  — St.  Pancras  Motto— Dr.  Beauford, 
Rector  of  Camelford,  412— Authors  Wanted— "  Motte  ": 
"Mot,"  413— Philip  II.  of  Pomerania— Crows  and  Rain, 
415 — Dr.  Gordon  of  Bristol — Capt.  Barton — "  Disdaunted" 
—Edwards  of  Halifax— Toothache— Initial  Letters  instead 
of  Words,  416  —  Anna,  a  Place-Name —  Shakespeare's 
Epitaph  —  High  Treason  and  its  Punishment  —  Sir  A. 
Brett — R.  Belgrave  Hoppner — Paul  Braddon  :  Water- 
Colour  Art,  417— Shakespeare's  Compliment  to  Elizabeth 
—Snakes  drinking  Milk  — Social  Life  in  the  Southern 
States  —  Special  Jurisdiction— Stammering,  418— "Por- 
tions " :  "  Pensions,"  419. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— Life  of  Bishop  Burnet— Mackail's 
1  Select  Epigrams  from  the  Greek  Anthology.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Bookseller  as  Mayor. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


PIMLICO:  EYEBKEGHT. 

THE  name  of  Pimlico,  like  that  of  Tyburn, 
-seems  to  be  fast  disappearing  from  the  map 
of  London.  There  is  still  a  Pimlico  Walk  at 
Hoxton,  but  in  the  west  of  London  the 
name  has  given  way  to  the  more  fashionable 
appellations  of  South  Belgravia  and  Victoria. 
I  think  this  is  to  be  regretted,  as  Pimlico 
possessed  many  associations  of  a  literary 
'character. 

The  origin  of  the  name  has  often  formed 
;a  subject  for  discussion  in  these  columns, 
'but  no  conclusion  has  hitherto  been  reached. 
It  has  been  thought  by  some  authorities 
to  be  derived  from  the  name  of  a  well-known 
•vintner  or  publican ;  and  at  1  S.  i.  474  that 
•distinguished  antiquary  the  late  DR.  E.  F. 
RIMBATJLT  quoted  from  what  he  described 
as  a  rare,  if  not  unique,  tract  entitled  '  News 
from  Hogsdon,'  1598,  the  following  passage  : 
"  Have  at  thee,  then,  my  merrie  boyes,  and 
hey  for  old  Ben  Pimlico' s  nut-browne." 
It  is  of  course  possible  that  Ben  Pimlico  may- 
have  been  some  old  salt  who  derived  his 
sobriquet  from  having  served  in  the  West 
Indies,  as  another  correspondent,  R.  (IS.  ii. 
13),  quotes  from  *  The  True  History  of  the 
Spaniards'  Proceedings  in  America,'  by 


Ferdinand  Gorges,  Esq.,  London,  4to, 
1659,  in  which,  in  an  enumeration  of  "strange 
birds "  to  be  found  in  Barbados,  there  is 
mention  of  "  the  Egge  Bird,  the  Cahow,  the 
Tropick  Bird,  the  Pemlico  which  presageth 
storms."  It  is  also  stated  at  6  S.  ix.  148  that 
there  is  an  island  called  Pimlico  in  the  West 
Indian  group,  a  mere  dot  of  a  thing  in  the 
map,  near  the  Bahamas.  Whether  the  bird 
derived  its  name  from  the  island,  or  the 
island  from  the  bird,  and  whether  the  vendor 
of  "  nut-browne "  was  called  after  one  or 
neither,  it  is  certain  that  the  appellation  was 
not  confined  to  Hoxton.  Besides  the  district 
lying  between  St.  James's  Park  and  Chelsea, 
it  is  stated  at  1  S.  i.  383  that  Aubrey  in  his 
'  Survey  '  mentions  that  he  went  to  a  Pimlico 
garden,  somewhere  on  Bankside. 

There  was  also  an  Irish  Pimlico.  A  quota- 
tion is  made  at  1  S.  i.  474 :  "  Brown  is 
fluctuant ;  he  once  lay  at  a  woman's  house 
in  Pemlicoe,  Dublin  (Earl  of  Orrery  to  Duke 
of  Ormond,  5  Feb.,  1663,  in  Orrery's  '  State 
Letters')."  On  this  the  Editor  remarked 
that  Pemlico  in  Dublin  still  (1850)  existed, 
as  would  be  seen  by  reference  to  Thorn's 
'  Irish  Almanac,'  where  we  find  "  Pemlico 
from  Coombe  to  Tripoli." 

A  mansion  called  Pymlico  House  flourished 
for  many  years  near  the  site  of  the  battle  of 
Barnet.  It  was  situated  on  Hadley  Green, 
in  the  parish  of  South  Minims  ;  and  the 
Hadley  register  records  on  10  Feb.,  1673, 
"  a  travelling  woman  buried  from  the  pim- 
blicoe  house,"  which  seems  to  imply  an  inn 
or  lodging-house  (Transactions,  London  and 
Midd.  Arch.  Soc.,  vi.  38). 

At  6  S.  ix.  418  a  correspondent  points 
out  that  there  is  a  hamlet  in  Oxfordshire 
named  Pimlico,  near  Cottesford,  about  four 
miles  from  the  market  town  of  Brackley. 
Pimlico  House,  situated  here,  was  mentioned 
in  connexion  with  Sir  John  Byron's  affair 
in  1642. 

Pimlico  appears,  therefore,  to  have  been 
a  popular  name,  and  it  probably  originated  in 
Hoxton,  though  it  is  possible  that  some  of 
the  frequent  allusions  that  are  made  to  it 
by  dramatists  and  ballad-writers  may  refer 
to  the  West-End  place  of  that  name.  The 
earliest  mention  of  the  latter  occurs  in  the 
extracts  made  by  Peter  Cunningham  from 
the  Accounts  of  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor 
of  St.  Martin' s-in-the-Fields,  which  range 
from  1626  to  1630.  The  name  may  of  course 
have  been  in  use  much  earlier.  However  this 
may  be,  it  was  a  place  to  which  our  easygoing 
ancestors  resorted  when  inclined  for  merri- 
ment. In  '  A  Joviall  Crew  ;  or,  The  Merry 
by  R.  Brome,  which  was  first 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 


Dieted  in  1641  at  the  Cockpit  in  Drury  Lane 
occurs  the  following  snatch  : — 

To  Pimblicoe  we'll  goe, 
Where  merry  we  shall  be, 

With  every  man  a  can  in 's  hand, 
And  a  wench  upon  his  knee, 

And  a  begging,  &c. 

At  an  earlier  date  it  was  described  as  "  s 
noted  Cake-house  formerly,  but  now  con- 
verted into  a  Bowling-green  of  good  report 
at  Hogsden  near  London  "  ('  A  New  Diction- 
ary of  the  Terms,  Ancient  and  Modern,  of 
the  Canting  Crew,  London,  n.d.). 

The  references  to  Pimlico  in  the  dramatists 
are  very  numerous.  Massinger  in  '  The  City 
Madam,'  first  acted  in  1632,  writes  : — 

Or  exchange  wenches, 

Coming  from  eating  pudding  pies  on  a  Sunday 
At  Pimlico,  or  Islington. 

In  '  The  City  Match,'  by  Jasper  Mayne, 
which  was  first  acted  in  1639,  Plotwell  says  : 

We  have  brought  you 

A  gentleman  of  valour,  who  has  been 

To  Moorh'elds  often  :  marry,  it  has  been 

To  'squire  his  sisters  and  demolish  custards 

At  Pimlico. 

At  an  earlier  date  Greene  in  his  '  Tu  Quoque,' 
1614,  makes  Sir  Lionel  say  :  "I  have  sent 
my  daughter  this  morning  as  far  as  Pimlico, 
to  fetch  a  draught  of  Derby  ale,  that  it  may 
fetch  a  colour  in  her  cheeks." 

Ben  Jonson  has  several  references  to 
Pimlico.  In  '  A  Speach  according  to  Horace,' 
which  was  included  in  '  Underwoods,'  p.  214, 
he  wrote  : — 

What  a  strong  Fort  old  Pimblicoe  had  beene  ! 

How  it  held  out !  how  (last)  'twas  taken  in  ! 

In  '  The  Devil  is  an  Ass,'  first  acted  in  1616, 
Mere-craft  says  (III.  iii.)  : — 

I  ?11  ha'  thee  Captaine  Guilt-head,  and  march  up, 
And  take  in  Pimlico,  and  kill  the  bush. 
At  every  taverne. 

Wittipol  also  calls  out  (IV.  iv.)  : — 

Coach  it  to  Pimlico  ;  daunce  the  Saraband. 
In   '  Bartholomew  Fair,'    first   acted   at   the 
Hope  Theatre  on  the  Bankside  on  31   Oct., 
1614,  Littlewit  says  (I.  ii.)  :— 
"  Troth  I  am  a  little  taken  with  my  Wins  dressing 

here  ! Shee  would  not  ha'  worne  this  habit.     I 

challenge  all  Cheapside,  to  shew  such  another. 
Morefiekls,  Pimlico  path,  or  the  Exchange  on  a 
sommcr  evening,  with  a  Lace  to  boot  as  this  has." 

Besides  a  reference  to  "  another  Pimlico  !  " 
in  Act  V.  sc.  i.  of  'The  Alchemist,'  which 
was  originally  published  in  1612,  there  is  an 
important  passage  in  the  following  scene  : — 

Love-wit.  Gallants,  men,  and  women, 
And  of  all  sorts,  tag-rag,  beene  scene  to  flock  here 
In  threaves,  these  ten  weekes,  as  to  a  second 

Hogs-den, 
In  dayes  ot  Pimlico,  and  Eye-bright. 


So  far  as  I  am  aware,  none  of  the  editors  of 
Jonson  has  given  an  explanation  of  Eye- 
bright. 

In  1609 — an  earlier  date  than  that  of  any 
quotation  I  have  given — on  15  April,  "  a 
book  called  '  Pimlico  or  Runne  Red  Cappe 
tis  a  mad  world  at  Hogsden '  "  was  entered 
by  the  publisher  John  Busby  in  the  Stationers' 
Register  ;  and  on  24  April  the  same  publisher 
entered  "  a  ballad  called  '  Haue  with  you  to- 
Pimlico.'  '  Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen,  who  edited 
a  facsimile  reproduction  of  the  "  book  "  in 
1891  with  his  usual  taste  and  ability,  had 
never  met  with  a  copy  of  the  ballad  ;  but 
the  "  drollery  "  is  well  worth  attentive  study 
as  a  picture  of  the  times  in  which  Ben  Jonson 
lived.  The  following  lines  occur  in  it  : — 

Eye-bright,  (so  fam'd  of  late  for  Beere) 
Although  thy  name  be  numbred  heere, 
Thine  ancient  Honors  now  runne  low  ; 
Thou  art  struck  blind  by  Pimlyeo. 

The  poem,  if  such  it  can  be  called,  forms  an 
excellent  commentary  on  the  passages  from 
Jonson  that  I  have  quoted  and  it  may  be 
observed  that,  in  addition  to  Eyebright,  it 
names  among  rival  places  of  entertainment 
Tripoly  (which  was  also  represented  at 
Dublin),  Newfoundland,  and  the  Terceras 
Islands.  This  affords  some  corroboration  of 
the  theory  that  Pimlico  received  its  name 
from  the  West  Indian  island. 

With  regard  to  Eyebright,  I  venture  to 
suggest  that  it  was  a  popular  corruption  of 
Eyebury.  Pimlico  was  situated  within  the 
manors  of  Neyte  and  Eyebury  or  Ebury, 
and  it  seems  probable  that  before  the 
Hoxton  Pimlico  became  renowned,  there 
was  a  place  of  entertainment  somewhere 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  present  Victoria 
Station  which  in  time  was  "  cut  out " 
by  the  rival  establishment  in  the  East 
End.  It  is  possible  that  in  order  to  cope 
with  this  rivalry,  the  western  pleasure-gar- 
dens adopted  the  name  of  their  competitor, 
with  the  result  that  in  a  short  time  it  em- 
braced the  whole  of  the  district.  That  it 
nay  have  survived  as  a  place  of  entertain- 
ment until  the  eighteenth  century  may  be 
inferred  from  Isaac  Reed's  reference  to  it  : 

a  place  near  Chelsea  is  still  called  Pimlico, 
and  was  resorted  to  within  these  few  years, 
on  the  same  account  as  the  former  at  Hogs- 
don  "  (Dodsley's  '  Old  Plays,'  ed.  Collier, 
vii.  51). 

One  word  in  conclusion  with  regard  to  the 
proverbial  saying  which  seems  to  derive  its 
origin  from  the  ancient  beer-garden,  but 
apparently  bears  contrary  meanings.  At 
3  S.  iv.  327  a  correspondent  inquired  about 
a  Devonshire  proverb,  "  to  keep  it  in  Pimlico," 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


403 


meaning  to  keep  a  house  in  nice  order. 
At  5  S.  viii.  168  a  quotation  from  an  old  | 
chapbook,  '  The  King  and  the  Cobbler,'  is  i 
given.  A  wife  addresses  her  husband,  who 
comes  home  a  little  the  worse  for  dining  with 
King  Henry  VIII.,  "  Was  it  for  this  I  dressed 
you  up  in  pimlico  to  have  you  come  home 
like  one  broken  out  of  Bedlam  ?  "  But  at 
7  S  xii.  227  MB.  HERBERT  HARDY  asked  for 
an  explanation  of  the  phrase  "  I  am  in 
Pimlico  with  my  feet,"  in  reference  to  poorly 
shod  feet.  No  reply  seems  to  have  been 
given,  nor  do  I  think  any  allusion  to  these 
Pimlico  proverbs  is  made  in  the  '  N.E.D.,' 
which  perhaps  hardly  deals  adequately  with 
the  word.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


ISABELLA    LICKBARROW. 

THE  name  of  Isabella  Lickbarrow  of 
Kendal  does  not  readily  come  to  the  mind 
when  one  thinks  of  British  poetesses.  Her 
book  of  verses,  "  Poetical  Effusions,  by 
Isabella  Lickbarrow,  Kendal.  Kendal : 
Printed  for  the  Authoress  by  M.  Branthwaite 
&  Co.  Sold  by  J.  Richardson,  91,  Royal 
Exchange,  London,  and  by  all  other  book- 
sellers. 1814,"  was  printed  by  subscription 
to 

"assist  the  humble  labours  of  herself  and  her 
orphan  sisters,  by  raising  from  the  generosity  of 
the  public  a  little  fund,  which  would  increase 
their  family  comforts  and  better  their  condition  in 
life." 

She  appears  to  have  belonged  to  the  class 
of  uneducated  poets,  and,  whilst  thanking 
friends  who  had  enabled  her  to  obtain  books 
to  read,  demurs  to  any  charge  of  plagiarism 
if  coincidences  are  found  among  the  many 
books  she  has  not  read.  The  list  of  sub- 
scribers includes  some  interesting  names, 
including  those  of  Mr.  J.  Dalton,  Manchester 
(the  famous  chemist,  who  took  four  copies)  ; 
Mr.  De  Quincey,  Grasmere ;  R.  Southey, 
Esq.,  Keswick  ;  and  W.  Wordsworth,  Esq., 
Rydal  Mount. 

The  verses  of  Isabella  Lickbarrow  are 
not  remarkable  for  their  inspiration.  Per- 
haps the  best  thing  in  the  book  are  some 
lines 

ON  THE  FATE  OF  NEWSPAPERS. 

What  changes  time's  swift  motion  brings  ! 
What  sad  reverse  of  human  things  ! 
What  once  was  valu'd,  highly  priz'd, 
Is  in  a  few  short  hours  despis'd, 
I  '11  but  solicit  your  attention, 
While  I  a  single  instance  mention. 
The  Advertiser,  you  must  know, 
Fresh  from  the  Mint  not  long  ago, 
We  welcom'd  with  abundant  pleasure, 
Impatient  for  the  mighty  treasure : 
In  what  an  alter'd  state  forlorn, 
'Tis  now  in  scatter'd  fragments  torn, 


Part  wrapp'd  around  the  kettle's  handle, 

Part  twisted  up  to  light  the  candle, 

Part  given  to  the  devouring  fire  : 

Ah  !  see  line  after  line  expire  ; 

It  surely  would,  beyond  a  joke 

The  patience  of  a  saint  provoke, 

To  think  that  after  all  their  pains 

The  rhymes  which  rack'd  the  poet's  brains,. 

And  all  the  antiquarian's  learning, 

Displayed  so  justly  in  discerning 

The  ancient  Saxon  derivation 

Of  half  the  places  in  the  nation, 

And  the  philosopher's  vast  skill 

In  measuring  each  stupendous  hill, 

From  Sea-fell  down  to  Benson-knot, 

And  even  hills  of  lesser  note  ; 

To  think  that  what  such  wits  have  penn'd,. 

Shoiild  come  to  this  disgraceful  end. 

Why  'tis  enough  to  make  them  vow, 

With  aspect  stern  and  frowning  brow, 

They  '11  such  an  useless  trade  resign 

And  never  write  another  line. 

But  stop,  good  sirs,  a  nobler  fate 

May  your  productions  yet  await ; 

A  thought  just  now  my  head  has  enter'd 

In  which  alone  my  hopes  are  center'd 

Perhaps  preferrd  the  pipe  to  light, 

For  some  dull  heavy  witless  wight, 

They  '11  with  tobacco's  fumes,  infuse 

The  inspiration  of  the  muse, 

And  furnish  many  an  empty  brain— 

If  so,  we  '11  write  and  sing  again. 

The  Westmorland  Advertiser  had  a  friendly 
eeling  towards  its  lady  laureate,  and  sub- 
scribed for  five  copies  of  the  '  Poetical  Effu- 
sions.' Let  us  hope  that  the  result  of  the 
publication  was  to  make  life  easier  for  Isa- 
bella Lickbarrow,  although  it  has  not  secured 
ler  the  immortality  of  Sappho. 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 


DODSLEY'S  FAMOUS  COLLECTION  OF 
POETRY. 

(See  10  S.  vi.  361,  402  ;    vii.  3,  82,  284,  404, 

442;    viii.  124,  183,  384,  442;    ix.  3,  184, 

323,  463  ;   x.  103,  243,  305.) 

POEMS    by    the    Rev.    Dr.    Thomas    Lisle 
appeared  in  vol.  vi.  162-210. 

He  was  the  sixth  son  of  Edward  Lisle, 
who  had  property  at  Wootton  (Isle  of  Wight) 
Crux  Easton,  and  Dibden.  A  pedigree  of 
the  family  is  in  Berry's  '  Hampshire  Genea- 
logies,' pp.  173-6,  and  their  seat  was  at 
Moyle's  Court,  near  Ringwood.  Edward 
Lisle  died  on  1  June,  1722,  having  had 
20  children,  of  whom  17  survived  ;  his  wife 
Mary,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Ambrose  Phillipps 
of  Garendon,  Leicestershire,  died  at  Plaistow, 
Essex,  about  1749.  Both  of  them  were 
buried  at  Dibden.  A  character  of  husband 
and  wife  is  given  in  Hearne's  '  Collections  ' 
(Oxford  Hist.  Soc.,  1906),  vii.  373.  Edward 
Lisle  settled  at  Crux  Easton  about  1694, 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 


when  aged  about  27,  and  took  to  agricultur 
A  quarto  volume  of  '  Observations  on  Hus 
bandry  by  Edward  Lisle '  appeared  with  a 
advertisement  by  his  son  Thomas  in  1757 
Another  edition  in  two  octavo  volumes  cam 
out  in  the  same  year.     To  each  of  them  wa 
prefixed  an  engraving,   by   S.   F.   Ravene 
of  the  author's  portrait. 

Thomas  Lisle  was  born  on  22  May,  1709 
•and    matriculated    from   Magdalen    College 
Oxford,  on  10  Sept.,   1725.     From  1726  t 
1732  he  was  a  Demy  of  the  College,  and  h 
took  the   degrees   of   B.A.    19   July,    1729 
M.A.  23  June,  1732;    B.D.  28  Nov.,  1740 
and  D.D.  22  April,  1743.     He  was  a  Fellow 
of  the  College  from  1732  to  1747,  its  Bursa 
in  1741,  and  Public  Orator  to  the  University 
in  1745.     In  1730  he  and  several  others  wer 
brought    before  the    President  and  Fellows 
Two    of    the    culprits    were    expelled    "  fo 
blasphemy  and  other  vile  practices."     Lisl 
escaped. 

Lisle  acted  for  some  time  as  English  chap 
lain  at  Smyrna.  One  of  his  poems  wa 
dated  from  that  place  in  1733  ;  anothe 
from  Cairo  in  August,  1734  ;  and  a  thirc 
from  Marseilles,  May,  1735. 

On  the  presentation  of  his  mother  he  was 
instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Woditon,  alias 
Wootton,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  on  5  May 
1736.     He  considered  the  name  of  the  parish 
to  mean  Wood-town,   and  in  his   '  Excuse 
for  Inconstancy  '  gave  it  the  alias  of  Bosco- 
ville.     I  am  informed  by  the  Rev.  W.  H 
€oleman,   the  present   Rector   of  Wootton 
that  the  '  Handbook  for  Tourists,'  by  W.  H 
Davenport    Adams,    1888,    states    that    the 
•old  rectory  of  Wootton  was  haunted  by  his 
ghost  :     "  At    midnight    this   restless    priest 
in  gown  and  cassock  regularly  ascends  the 
old  oaken  staircase  "  ;    but  I  have  not  been 
able  to  see  the  volume. 

On  25  March,  1746,  Lisle  was  instituted, 
on  the  nomination  of  the  Hon.  R.  Herbert, 
the  patron,  to  the  rectory  of  Burghclere, 
near  Newbury,  and  he  held  both  livings  until 
his  death.  He  married  his  cousin  Elizabeth, 
second  daughter,  and  at  length  heir,  of 
Charles  Phillipps  of  Low  Leyton  in  Essex. 
She  died  in  1764,  and  was  buried  at  Dibden. 
He  survived  until  27  March,  1767,  and  was 
buried  at  Dibden  on  5  April  (Bloxam,  '  Mag- 
dalen Coll.,'  vi.  157-8,  206,  210-11). 

The  house  at  Crux  Easton  has  long  been 
destroyed,  but  the  avenue  leading  to  it  still 
exists,  and  some  quaint  decorations  of  no 
merit  built  into  the  present  rectory  of 
Burghclere  were  taken  from  it.  The  grotto 
which  was  rendered  famous  by  the  lines  of 
Pope  (printed  in  Dodsley,  vi.  161-2)  was 


in  ruins  in  1805,  only  the  shell  remaining. 
"  The  front  was  of  flint,  the  interior  studded 
with  shells,  scoriae  of  iron  ore,  and  other  sub- 
stances ;  it  contained  a  seat  for  each  sister, 
with  a  niche  for  the  presiding  magician  " 
(Brayley  and  Britton, '  Beauties,  Hampshire,' 
pp.  236-7).  Lord  Carnarvon  said  in  1882 
that  the  nine  ladies  used  to  rose  in  it  as 
the  nine  Muses,  "  Pope  being  placed  in  tho 
midst  as  Apollo."  The  grotto  was  standing 
in  part  within  his  memory. 

Lisle' s  poem  '  The  Power  of  Music  :  a 
Song  imitated  from  the  Spanish,'  is  reprinted 
in  Aikin's  'Vocal  Poetry'  (1810),  p.  228, 
and  is  quoted  therefrom  in  the  notes  to 
Sir  Thomas  Browne's  works  (ed.  Wilkin), 
ii.  220.  Lisle  was  the  author  of  the  Latin 
epitaph  at  Shepeshead,  Leicestershire,  on 
Ambrose  Phillipps  (Nichols,  '  Leicester,' 
iii.  pt.  ii.  802).  The  youngest  sister  was  an 
artist,  and  some  of  her  pictures  are  at  High- 
clere.  She  painted  the  portraits  of  her  ac- 
quaintances on  the  trees  surrounding  the 
grotto.  She  died  about  1802,  very  old 
('Beauties,  Hampshire,' pp.  236-7).  This  was 
either  Harriet,  the  youngest  sister,  who 
was  born  at  Crux  Easton  on  26  Aug.,  1717, 
and  died  unmarried  at  Bath  in  April,  1794, 
being  buried  at  Mortimer,  Berkshire;  or 
Frances,  the  last  survivor  of  the  family,  who 
died  at  Bladud's  Buildings,  Bath,  19  Dec., 
1802,  aged  88,  and  was  also  buried  at 
Mortimer  (Gent.  Mag.,  1802,  pt.  ii.  1225). 

I  have  been  helped  in  this  article  by 
3anon  A.  C.  Blunt,  the  present  Rector  of 
Burghclere.  W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

(To  be  continued.) 

MILTON'S  HOUSE  IN  ALDERSGATE  STREET. 
The  house  occupied  by  Milton  in  Alders- 
gate   Street  was  not  identified  by  Masson 
n  his  otherwise  exhaustive  life  of  the  poet, 
't    has    since    been    identified    as    standing 
'  at  the  bottom  of  Lamb  Alley,"  and  Milton 
and  his  servant  were  in  1641  rated  in  the 
books  of  the  parish  of  St.  Botolph  Without 
Aldersgate   to    the   poll-tax   in   the   second 
)recinct  of  the  parish,  and  so  returned  to 
he    Exchequer.     Lamb    Alley,    afterwards 
ailed  Maidenhead  Court,  ran  through  from 
pposite   No.    159,    Aldersgate   Street,    into 
Nioholl  Square  ;    and  in  the  garden  in  the 
ear  of  Shaftesbury  House,  Nos.  37  and  38, 
Aldersgate    Street    (now    demolished),    was 
lilton's  garden  house. 

These  details  appeared  in  The  City  Press 
n  the  early  part  of  1863  ;    and  it  may  be 
well,   in    view    of    the    approaching    tercen- 
enary  of  Milton's  birth,  to  reprint  them. 

JOHN  HEBB. 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


405 


JOANNA  SOUTHCOTT'S  CELESTIAL  PASS- 
POETS. — The  other  day  I  saw  in  a  bookshop 
near  the  Bankruptcy  Court,  Strand,  the 
only  specimen  I  ever  met  of  one  of  the 
Celestial  Passports  of  Joanna  Southcott 
(1750-1814),  which,  if  not  unique,  must 
now  be  extremely  scarce.  It  is  in  a  leather 
case  about  5  in.  by  4  in.,  and  reads 
thus : — 

Passport  to  the  Tree  of  Life. 

The  Seal  of  the  Lord. 
The  Elect  procuring  Mercy. 
Redemption  to  Inherit  the 

Tree  of  Life, 

To  be  made  Heir  of  God  and 
Joint  Heirs  with  Jesus  Christ. 

April  11,  1806. 
Joanna  Southcott. 

For  such  a  document  to  be  seriously 
issued,  in  London,  in  the  nineteenth  century, 
is  a  phenomenon  of  some  note  in  religious 
history.  D.  J. 

JOANNA  SOUTHCOTT  RELIC. — I  have  re- 
cently rescued  from  oblivion  a  memorandum- 
book  kept  from  1792  to  1814  by  an  appa- 
rently close  follower  of  this  remarkable 
woman.  In  form  it  is  a  ruled  book  of 
accounts,  neatly  bound,  with  a  clasp. 
Reference  is  made  by  volume  and  page  to 
twelve  volumes,  probably  the  twelve  parts 
of  Joanna's  revelations  ;  and  as  the  paging 
does  not  agree  with  the  printed  work,  it 
may  be  that  the  page-numbers  were  taken 
from  the  original  manuscript.  Among  the 
more  curious  entries  I  note  Ashen  faggots, 
Boiling  the  Bible,  Cat  and  lark,  Cock  crowing 
7  times,  Clock  striking  64  times,  Inscription 
on  eggs,  Joanna  buying  a  rug,  Pens  and 
Bible,  Bruce  the  Man  Child,  Beet's  dream 
of  a  serpent  in  his  pocket,  The  enemy  (April, 
1804)  will  not  land,  &c. 

There  are  notes  concerning  Joanna  in 
5  S.  i.  and  ii.  and  7  S.  iii.  and  iv.  M.  Aikin 
gives  her  the  prominent  place  in  his  '  Me- 
moirs of  Religious  Impostors,'  London,  1823, 
with  a  biography  of  120  pages. 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 

36,  Upper  Bedford  Place. 

"  MOOR  "  :  "  MOORS."— Coming  back  for 
a  short  time  from  Provence,  I  find  the  last 
two  sections  of  the  *  O.E.D.,'  and  have 
been  looking  with  special  pleasure  through 
the  April  one.  Among  other  words  oJ 
interest  to  me  is  "  Moor,"  with  its  deri- 
vatives. English  seems  to  have  but  one 
derivative  of  this  word  in  the  sense  of 
black,  dark,  through  the  name  of  the 
mulberry  in  Southern  Europe  :  L.  morus 
It.  morot  Prov.  amouro,  Fr.  mure.  Our 
"  murrey "  corresponds  to  the  Prov 


moureto,   brown,   dun.     It   is  this  sense   of 
"  moor  "=  black,  which  deprives  the  black- 
berry of  any  special  name  in  the  Romance 
tongues  ;     it    is    merely    a    wild    mulberry 
though  in   Provence   it   has  a   little -used 
lame     ampo,     probably     connected     with 
ampoulo,   Fr.   ampoule,   a  blob).     I  cannot 
think  that  our  "  moor,"  as  in  "  moor- 
and,"   originally  meant   "  black,"   and  has 
:>een   superseded    by    the    latter    adjective. 
The    "  moor-hen "    and   the    "  moorad,"    a 
dusky  brown  race  of  sheep,  point  to  this. 
The  Welsh  mwyar,  blackberries,  and  mwyalch* 
)lackbird ;    merwydd,    mulberry    tree,    and 
merwys,  blackbird,  not  only  strengthen  this- 
dea,  but  also  make  one  suspect  a  relation- 
ship between  L.  morus  and  merula. 

Returning  to  the  original  "  Moor,"  I 
note  under  meaning  2,  "a  Mohammedan 
nhabitant  of  India,"  that  the  latest  quota- 
>ion  extends  this  sense  to  Indians  generally^ 
"t  certainly  is  so  in  barrack-English.  And 
n  that  dialect  the  synonym  "  Moorman  "" 
is  used  in  the  same  sense.  It  is  often  pro- 
nounced "  Mormon,"  though  this  term,, 
suggestive  of  a  Latter-Day  Saint,  is  usually 
applied  to  Moslems  only.  I  have  heard  it 
out  of  barracks. 

"  Moors  "  is  correctly  given  as  "  a  name 
tor    the   Urdu   or     Hindustan!    language.  "" 
But  this  term,  possibly  extinct  in  literature, 
still    survives   in  barrack  -  English,    and    is- 
applied  not  only  to  Hindustani,   but  also 
to    any   Indian   language.     I   remember    a 
curious    instance    of    this.     St.     Thomas's 
Mount,  a  hill  about  five  miles  from  Madras,, 
is  one   of  the  places  where  St.  Thomas  is 
reputed   to   have  been   martyred,    and   on 
the    summit    of    the  mount  is    a  Goanese- 
Catholic   church,  which  is  a   place   of   pil- 
grimage for  native  Catholics.     Behind  the- 
altar  is  a  stone  tablet  on  which  is  carved 
a  cross  hanging  from  a  dove's  beak,  with  a 
Pahlavi    inscription    of    Nestorian    origin,, 
about   the  eighth   century.     Close  by   this 
church  lives  the  Goanese  priest  in  charge.. 
As   the   mount   commands   a   fine   view   of 
the  flat  coast,  there  is  also,  at  about  fifty 
yards    from    the     church,     a     tall    signal- 
mast,    with    the    quarters    of    the    signal- 
sergeant,  usually  a  pensioner  with  a  family. 
About  thirty  years  ago  I  had  gone  to  the 
top  of  the  mount  for  the  view,  and,  talking 
to  the  old  sergeant,  I  remarked  :  "I  suppose,. 

Sergeant  ,  that  you  often  have  a  talk 

of  an  evening  with  your  neighbour  th& 
Padre."  "  Well,  sir,"  he  replied,  "  I  have- 
been  up  here  over  twenty  years,  and  h& 
was  here  when  I  came,  but  we  have  never 
spoken ;  you  see,  sir,  he  only  talks  moors." 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  im 


'Thus  the  languages  of  the  priest,  Portuguese 
.and  Tamil,  were  both  classed  as  "  Moors  ' 
by  the  worthy  pensioner,  though  I  may 
say  that  his  wife's  complexion  bore  evidence 
of  Tamil  being  familiar  to  her,  if  not  her 
mother-tongue  ;  so  that  he  must  have  been 
fully  aware  of  the  difference  between  Tamil 
and  Hindustani. 

EDWABD  NICHOLSON. 
Liverpool. 

NANCY  DAY,  LADY  FENHOULET.  (See 
5  S.  v.  216,  479;  vii.  350,  438,  497.)— One 
or  two  ambiguities  have  been  left  in  these 
interesting  notes.  Apparently,  the  state- 
ment in  Townsend's  '  Calendar  of  Knights,' 
to  the  effect  that  Sir  Peter  Fenhoulet  died 
in  1774  is  correct,  for  it  is  corroborated  by 
The  Town  and  Country  Magazine,  vi.  448, 
which  chronicles  the  death  of  "Sir  Peter 
Femmlhet  at  Exeter"  on  3  Aug.,  1774. 
Evidently  the  Peter  Fenouillet  or  Fenouil- 
lette,  Esq.,  of  Hackney  Road,  who  died  on 
11  May,  1776,  was  another  person. 

Sir  Peter  is  said  to  have  received  his 
knighthood  on  24  Sept.,  1761,  at  the  corona- 
tion of  George  III.,  as  senior  ensign  of  the 
Yeomen  of  the  Guard.  On  the  previous 
10th  of  May  his  first  wife  had  died  (Gent. 
Mag.,  xxxi.  237)  ;  and  on  Saturday,  27  July, 
1762,  he  married  Nancy  Day  (London 
Chronicle,  29-31  July,  1762),  mistress  of  the 
late  Richard,  second  Baron  Mount  .Edg- 
cum.be,  whose  death,  strangely  enough, 
took  place  on  the  same  date  as  that  of  Mrs. 
Fenhoulet.  According  to  all  accounts.  Sir 
Peter  and  Nancy  soon  agreed  to  separate, 
and  the  following  paragraph  from  The  Public 
Advertiser,  25  July,  1768,  is  significant  : 
"  On  Saturday  last  Lady  Fenhoulet  and 
her  daughters  set  out  for  Calais,  the  place 
of  her  residence." 

A  short  account  of  Lady  Fenhoulet  ap- 
peared in  The  Town  and  Country  Magazine 
for  November,  1770  (ii.  570)  ;  and  another 
in  The  Macaroni  ;  or,  Theatrical  Magazine 
for  October,  1772  (i.  308).  She  is  said  to 
have  been  born  near  Plymouth. 

HOBACE  BLEACKLEY. 

"  LlBERTE,        ficALITE,        FRATERNITE." 1 

have  carefully  looked  through  the  Indexes 
to  '  N.  &  Q.,'  but  can  find  no  reference  to 
this  well-known  phrase.  The  subjoined 
cutting  from  The  Pall  Mall  Gazette  of  12  Sep- 
tember may  therefore  be  worth  republica- 
tion  : — 

-P  "  M,'  Aulard,  Professor  of  the  History  of  the 
Irerich  Revolution  at  the  University  of  Paris,  has 
just  published  the  result  of  an  inquiry  into  the 
famous  device,  'Liberte,  Egalit6,  Fraternite,'  in  the 


Revue  Bleue.  Until  its  revival  by  the  word-mongers 
of  1848,  it  seems  to  have  been  by  no  means  popular, 
its  public  use  having  been  first  decreed  by  the  Paris 
Directoire  in  1791,  and  dropped  under  the  Consulate 
eight  years  later.  That  its  adherents  meant  by  it — 
as  democrats  all  the  world  over  generally  do  mean 
— liberty  arid  the  rest  of  it  for  the  governors,  and 
its  converse  for  the  governed,  was  pretty  plain  from 
the  beginning ;  but  the  only  people  who  seem  to 
have  understood  this  at  the  time  were  the  Dutch. 
This  hard-headed  people,  with  a  longer  and  more 
thorough  acquaintance  with  the  working  of  repre- 
sentative institutions  than  their  livelier  neighbours, 
detected  the  hook  in  the  bait,  and  orders  were 
given  to  the  officials  of  the  Batavian  Republic  to 
cut  out  the  motto  from  public  documents  wherever 
found.  M.  Aulard  attributes  its  genesis  to  a  speech 
of  the  ex-Marquis  de  Girardin  to  the  Club  of  the 
Cordeliers  in  May,  1791 ;  but  there  is  little  doubt 
that,  like  many  other  things  in  the  French  Revo- 
lution, it  first  came  out  of  a  Freemasons'  Lodge. 
The  craft  in  France — then  as  now — always  possessed 
a  fine  stock  of  noble  and  philanthropic  sentiments." 

Perhaps  some  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
may  be  able  to  throw  further  light  on  the 
origin  of  the  "  device." 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

J.  HENRY  MARTIN,  ARTIST. — MR.  JEN- 
NINGS'S  note  (ante,  p.  246)  on  the  '  Newlyn 
Colony  of  Artists,'  is  not  quite  accurate. 
Martin  first  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy 
in  1874,  where  he  had  three  pictures  hung  ; 
bis  last  exhibit  recorded  in  Mr.  A.  Graves' s 
dictionary  of  Royal  Academy  exhibitors 
is  1894. 

Whilst  on  this  subject  I  would  point  out 
:hat  almost  all  the  exhibits  1874—94  appear 
under  Henry  Martin  ;  but  under  John  H. 
Martin  Mr.  Graves  records  in  1889  two  works 
which  were  evidently  by  the  same  man, 
as  in  that  year  there  is  nothing  under  Henry 
Martin.  The  subjects  of  the  two  pictures 
sufficiently  indicate  this.  W.  ROBERTS. 

HAREWOOD  HOUSE,  HANOVER  SQUARE. — 
The  demolition  of  this  interesting  residence 
las  to  be  recorded.  Although  of  no  great 
age  (it  was  built  by  Robert  Adam  for  the 
great  Duke  of  Roxburghe),  it  retained,  even 
:o  the  last,  enough  of  its  internal  decorations 
and  original  appearance  to  occasion  regret 
ror  its  loss.  Considerable  information  re- 
specting its  successive  occupiers  is  supplied 
'n  Mr.  Beresford  Chancellor's  '  History  of 
ihe  Squares  of  London,'  p.  65  ;  the  late  Mr. 
Baillie's  '  The  Oriental  Club  and  Hanover 
Square,'  p.  19  ;  and  a  pamphlet,  '  Notes 
and  Jottings  on  Hanover  Square  and  the 
St.  George's  Club.' 

A  fine  aquatint  by  T.  Malton  of  '  The 
>Vest  Front  of  Lord  Harewood's  House,' 
^800,  and  two  smaller  prints  of  1800  and 
1810,  are  in  portfolio  xxix.  of  the  Grace 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908. j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


^Collection.     In    Malcolm's    '  London '    it    is 
shown  under  the  title  '  In  Hanover  Square.' 

The  house  deserves  an  historian,  if  it  has 
not  already  had  one.  There  must  be  a 
wealth  of  anecdote  and  interesting  data 
associated  with  it  ;  the  first  occupier 
alone  is  sufficient  to  give  it  comparative 
immortality.  How  easy  it  would  be  to 
picture  that  prince  of  bibliophiles  returning 
from  ransacking  the  brokers'  barrows  in 
Moorfields  with  Lodge's  '  Nettle  for  Nice 
Noses'  (1591)  or  some  such  "trifle"  in  the 
pocket  of  his  shabby  surtout  !  It  might 
even  be  possible  to  ascertain  what  were 
the  principal  features  of  his  library  when 
it  went  from  here  to  13,  St.  James's  Square, 
in  1795.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

LELAND  ON  TROWBRIDGE. — Leland  in 
his  '  Itinerary,'  ii.  57,  writing  in  1540  about 
Trowbridge,  says :  "  One  Alexandre  is 
now  a  great  clothier  in  the  town."  I  suggest 
that  the  surname  Langford  is  here  omitted. 
Two  Alexander  Langfords,  father  and  son, 
purchased  in  1544  two  water-mills  in  Trow- 
bridge, no  doubt  for  cloth-making  purposes. 
Edward  Langford,  son  of  Alexander,  was 
so  rich  that  he  was  able  to  marry  his  daughter 
and  heiress  to  Henry  Hyde  of  Purton,  a  man 
of  good  birth.  Their  son  was  the  great 
Lord  Clarendon  ;  and  Clarendon's  daughter 
married  James,  Duke  of  York,  afterwards 
James  II.,  and  was  the  mother  of  two 
•queens  regnant.  FRANCIS  HARRISON. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  PRUSSIAN." — I  shall  be  grateful  to  any 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  will  send  us  early 
•quotations  or  references  for  "  Prussian," 
•as  a  national  or  political  name,  substantive 
•or  adjective.  We  know  "Prussian  blue" 
«,s  the  name  of  the  pigment  from  the  year 
1724  ;  but  we  have  no  examples  of  "  the 
Prussians,"  "  the  Prussian  army,"  or  the 
like,  thus  early,  though  "  Prussian  "  as  an 
adjective  must  of  course  have  been  already 
known  when  the  pigment,  discovered  in 
Berlin,  was  called  in  France  and  England 
"  the  new  Prussian  blue."  As  it  was  only 
in  1701  that  the  Elector  of  Brandenburg 
took  the  title  of  "  King  of  Prussia,"  and 
that  Prussia  became  a  factor  in  European 
politics,  few  examples  of  "  Prussian "  are 
likely  to  be  found  before  that  date,  except 


such  as  refer  to  the  Slavonic  people  of  East 
Prussia,  to  which  the  name  originally  be- 
longed, and  for  which  the  earlier  English 
name  was  "  Pruce  "  or  "  Spruce." 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 
Oxford. 

LORD  HO\VE'S  VICTORY,  1  JUNE,  1794. — 
Can  any  of  your  readers  assist  me  in  tracing 
a  painting  by  Madox  Brown  of  "  the 
Glorious  1st  of  June,"  1794  ?  It  repre- 
sents the  quarter-deck  of  the  Queen  Char- 
lotte— ten  figures  in  foreground,  two  in 
background.  On  left  of  the  picture,  as 
spectator  faces  it,  is  a  naval  officer,  the 
head  uncovered,  with  speaking-trumpet 
in  right  hand,  receiving  orders  from  Lord 
Howe,  who  has  a  drawn  sword  in  his  right 
hand.  The  centre  group  is  composed  of 
Lieut.  Neville  of  the  Queen's  Regiment, 
mortally  wounded,  supported  by  two  officers 
of  his  regiment  and  a  naval  officer.  Painted 
by  Madox  Brown,  and  engraved  by  D.  Orme, 
1795.  It  is  fully  described  in  The  Britannic 
Magazine  of  1796.  There  are  many  prints 
of  the  painting,  but  the  whereabouts  of  the 
original  is  not  to  be  traced. 

W.  MACKIE, 

Lieut. -Col.  late  Queen's  Regiment. 
13,  Foster  Road,  Gosport,  Hants. 

RICHARD  DIGHTON,  CARICATURIST. — The 
'  D.N.B.'  mentions  only  Robert  Dighton, 
a  caricaturist,  who  died  in  1814.  Was 
Richard  his  son  ?  I  possess  a  full-length 
caricature  portrait,  coloured  by  hand,  of 
General  Bolton,  with  the  inscription  '  A 
View  from  the  Horse  Guards,'  and  on  it, 
"  drawn,  etched  by  Richard  Dighton,  1817, 
July  16th."  The  caricatured  general,  Sir 
Robert  Bolton,  was  Lieutenant- Colonel  of  the 
13th  Dragoons,  Aide-de-Camp  to  George  III., 
Equerry  to  George  IV.,  a  G.C.H.,  and 
knighted  20  Feb.,  1817.  He  died  at  his 
country  seat,  Swerford  Park,  Oxfordshire, 
15  March,  1836. 

Richard  Dighton  caricatured  many  other 
prominent  men  of  his  time.  It  is  singular 
he  has  escaped  notice  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 
St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

'  CHOVEVI-ZION.'— - 1  should  be  obliged 
if  some  one  could  kindly  inform  me  if  an 
Anglo-Israel  paper,  Chovevi-Zion,  is  still 
published,  or  when  it  was  discontinued. 

WILLIAM  SCOT. 
Somerset  Sash,  Cape  Colony. 

BERGERODE. — In  John  Speed's  map  of 
Lancashire,  dated  1610,  the  name  of  Berge- 
rode  is  applied  to  the  strip  of  land  along 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908. 


the  river  Wyre  between  Poulton  and  th 
site   of  Fleetwood.     Can   any  one   tell   me 
the  meaning?  and  origin  of  this  name,   or 
indicate  any  likely  source  of  information  ? 
G.  M.  TAYLOR. 
Rossall  School. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — In 
Washington  Irving' s  *  Legend  of  Sleepy 
Hollow,'  at  the  end  of  paragraph  12  (begin- 
ning with  the  words,  "  That  all  this  might 
not  be  too  onerous  on  the  purses  of  his 
rustic  patrons  ").  we  find  the  words  :  "  like 
the  lion  bold  which  whilom  so  magnarii 
mously  the  lamb  did  hold." 

From  what  poet  or  poem  are  these  words 
quoted  ?  PROF.  DR.  F.  MEYER. 

Herderplatz  5 A,  Liibeck. 

When  was  the  expression  "  music  of  the 
spheres  "  first  mentioned,  or  on  what  occa- 
sions previous  to  Shakespeare's  use  of  it  ? 
H.  H.  STEWART. 
[It   occurs  in    Sir    Thomas    Browne's    'Religio 
Medici,'  Part  II.  sect,  ix.] 

1.  Nature,  the  kind  old  nurse, 
Took  the  child  then  on  her  knee. 

2.  And  he  wandered  away,  away 
With  Nature,  the  kind  old  nurse, 

Into  regions  yet  untrod, 
And  read  what  is  still  unread 
In  the  manuscript  of  God. 

Lucis. 

"  SHIBBOLETH." — The  story  in  Judges  xii. 
of  the  failure  of  the  Ephraimites  to  pronounce 
this  word  correctly  is  exceedingly  familiar. 
Sismondi  in  his  account  of  the  Sicilian 
Vespers  ('Italian  Republics,'  chap,  iv.) 
relates  a  similar  test : — 

"The  French  were  attacked  furiously  on  all 
sides.  Those  who  attempted  to  defend  themselves 
were  soon  overpowered ;  others,  who  endeavoured 
to  pass  for  Italians,  were  known  by  their  pronun- 
ciation of  two  words,  which  they  were  made  to 
repeat— ceci  and  ciceri,  and  were,  on  their  mispro- 
nunciation, immediately  put  to  death.  In  a  few 
hours  more  than  4,000  weltered  in  their  blood." 

Are  there  any  other  historical  instances 
of  the  sort  ?  WM.  H.  PEET. 

BRUGES  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION. — What  is 
the  right  pronunciation  of  this  word  ?  It 
is  usually  pronounced  by  English  people 
as  if  it  were  French,  with  a  soft  (sibilant) 
<y,  and  in  one  syllable.  Is  there  any  justifica- 
tion for  this  ?  In  the  first  place,  why  is  it 
not  anglicized,  like  "  Waterloo "  ?  And 
if  not  English,  why  French  ?  Why  not 
Flemish  ?  In  Bruges  itself  you  do  not 
hear  the  French  pronunciation.  It  is  the 
Flemish— "  Bru-ya."  Ask  at  the  station 


if  this  is  Bruges  (a  la  fran£aise),  and  they 
will  hardly  understand  you.  They  will  say, 
*  It  is  Bru-ya."  In  Longfellow's  '  Carillon,' 
and  also  in  '  The  Belfry  of  Bruges,'  the  word 
has  two  syllables.  Is  this  intended  to  be 
read  with  the  Flemish  pronunciation  (Bru- 
ya),  or  in  English  fashion  (to  rime,  say,  with 
"  subterfuges  ")  ?  It  cannot  be  the  French. 
It  may  be  said  that  an  American  poet  is 
no  rule  for  English  people  ;  but  the  word 
also  occurs,  I  believe,  in  one  of  Browning's 
poems  (I  cannot  remember  which)  with 
two  syllables.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue. 

'THE  SHUTES  OF  SHEFFIELD.' — Can  any 
of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  inform  me  in 
what  magazine  and  in  what  year  the  above- 
named  story  appeared  ? 

EDITH  WOTHERSPOON. 

"  BEHOLD  THIS  RUIN  !  'TWAS  A  SKULL." — 
The  mother  of  the  author  gave  me  a  copy 
of  this  well-known  poem,  arid  for  that  reason 
I  know  that  the  authorship  is  correct.  It 
was  written  by  John  D.  Godman,  a  celebrated 
surgeon,  who  spent  the  major  part  of  his 
life  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and 
died  about  eighty  years  ago.  He  married 
a  daughter  of  Eembrandt  Peale,  the  great 
American  artist. 

Have  any  other  poems  by  the  same 
master  hand  been  published  ? 

E.  W.  B.  TAYLOR. 

46,  Summer  Street,  Haverhill,  Mass. 

[Our  Massachusetts  correspondent  has  apparently 
riot  seen  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  18  April  last.  In  that  issue 
MR.  W.E.  A.  AXON  printed  the  poem  as  it  appeared 
in  The  European  Magazine  for  November,  1816, 
with  the  signature  of  V.  He  further  stated  that  in 
a  recent  communication  to  the  Royal  Society  of 
Literature  he  had  shown  that  V.  was  the  signature 
used  by  Miss  Anna  Jane  Vardill,  afterwards  Mrs. 
James  Niven.  The  lady  also  wrote  '  Christpbell,'  a 
sequel  to  '  Christabel '  which  puzzled  the  critics.] 

THE  DISOBEDIENT  SON. — Twan  Ching- 
Shih's  '  Yu-yang-tsah-tsu,'  written  in  the 
ninth  century,  Second  Series,  torn,  iv.,  has 
this  passage  : — • 

'  There  stands  in  the  Kun-ming  Lake  an  artificial 
mound  popularly  called  Kun-tsze.  Tradition  has  it 
jhat,  in  a  remote  past,  an  inhabitant  thereabout 
lad  a  son  with  this  name,  who  always  behaved 
contrary  to  his  parent's  behest ;  should  he  be 
>rdered  to  proceed  east,  he  would  move  only  west- 
yard  ;  should  he  be  commanded  to  fetch  water,  he 
woiild  bring  fire  invariably.  So  on  his  death-bed, 
entirely  dissembling  his  earnest  desire  to  be  buried 
n  a  cemetery  on  a  hill,  the  father  entreated  the 
on  not  to  fail  to  inter  his  corpse  amidst  the  water. 
/Vhen  the  old  man  was  dead,  the  son  said,  weep- 
ng,  *  This  time  I  will  not  neglect  my  father's  will  ; 
and  causing  this  mound  to  be  raised  in  the  lake,  he 
"  uried  the  deceased  in  it." 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  i908.j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


Apparently  traceable  to  this  Chinese 
legend  is  a  portion  of  the  following  Japanes 
story,  current  in  the  province  of  Noto  : — 

"Primarily  the  owl  was  a  very  refractory  scamp 
who  went  to  a  hill  whenever  his  mother  woulc 
have  him  go  to  a  rill,  and  vice  versa.  Therefore  in 
her  last  moments,  she  concealed  her  real  intention 
and  asked  him  to  bury  her  body  at  the  riverside,  a 
request  he  fulfilled  with  pangs  of  remorse  after  tht 
mother's  death.  [Here,  perhaps,  the  original  storj 
relates  that  the  son  was  eventually  turned  in  tic 
an  owl  in  consequence  of  his  former  disaffection 
towards  his  mother.]  Thenceforward  the  ow 
screeches  every  time  oefore  rain,  thus  expressing 
his  intense  concern  lest  a  flood  should  ensue  anc 
carry  away  his  mother's  corpse." — Osaka  Mainich 
Shimbun,  23  July,  1908. 

Now  it  behoves  me  to  note  that  another 
portion  of  this  Japanese  tale  has  evidently 
been  derived  from  an  ancient  Chinese  belie: 
that  the  owl  is  so  abnormally  impious  £ 
bird  as  not  to  scruple  to  eat  its  own  mother 
its  only  parallel  being  found  in  the  "  king,' 
a  tigrish  nondescript  of  very  doubtfu 
existence,  which  is  reputed  to  feed  on  its 
own  father. 

Do  any  such  stories  of  a  disobedient 
son  occur  in  the  literature  and  folk-lore  of 
the  West  or  of  the  Near  East  ? 

KuMAGtrsu  MESTAKATA. 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 
[See  "Crows  crying  against  the  rain,"  post,  p.  415.] 

REYNARDSON  FAMILY. — I  shall  be  gratefu] 
to  any  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  can 
assist  me  to  identify  the  following  bearers 
of  the  above  name. 

In  Clode's  '  London  during  the  Great 
Rebellion,'  ed.  1892,  p.  67,  we  find  that, 
under  date  of  24  March,  1681,  Mary  Vaux 
was  made  a  pensioner  of  the  Merchant  Taylors' 
Company  "  in  consideration  of  her  poverty, 
and  her  last  husband  being  brother  to  the 
said  Sir  Abraham  Reynardson." 

Sir  Abraham  Reynardson,  the  celebrated 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1648,  and  Master 
of  the  Merchant  Taylors'  Company  in  1640, 
had,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain, 
two  brothers  only,  Alan  and  William.  The 
latter  married  Anne,  daughter  of  William 
Strode  of  Kent  (query  the  poet,  1600-45), 
and  on  her  husband's  decease  she  remarried 
Sir  Robert  Bedingfeld  (Burke' s  '  Commoners,' 
iii.  510),  Lord  Mayor  of  London  1706-7, 
fifth  son  of  John  Bedingfeld  of  Halesworth 
('Landed  Gentry,'  ed.  1846,  p.  79).  'Pre- 
sumably, therefore,  Mary  Vaux  was  widow 
of  Alan  Reynardson,  and  had  married 

secondly  Vaux  ;    or  had  Sir  Abraham 

a  third  brother  who  was  first  husband  of 
Mary  Vaux  ?  If  so,  what  was  his  name  ? 
Whose  daughter  was  Mary  Vaux  ? 


Jacob  Reynardson  of  Bristol,  son  of  Sir 
Abraham,  married  in  1680  Frances,  only 
daughter  of  Francis  Farnaby  (incorrectly 
called  Joseph  in  '  Landed  Gentry,'  ed.  1906) 
of  Kippington,  Sevenoaks,  and,  dying  1719, 
left  issue. 

In  Bell's  'Fugitive  Poetry,'  ed.  1789, 
vol.  iii.  p.  86,  appears  a  nineteen-page  poem 
(Epistle  VIII. ),  written  in  1712,  entitled 
'  The  Stage,'  addressed  to  Joseph  Addison, 
and  said  to  be  by  a  Mr.  Webster  of  Christ's 
College,  Oxford.  There  is,  however,  a  note 
at  p.  170  which  says  that  Jacob  (one  of  the 
authors  of  "Jacob's  Poets,"  otherwise 
"  The  Poetical  Register  ") 

"  ascribes  this  production  to  a  Mr.  Reynardson  of 
Baliol  College,  son  of  a  Turkey  Merchant,  Collector 
of  the  Customs  at  Bristol,  and  author  of  an  excellent 
Ode  on  Divine  Vengeance." 

Thomas  Reynardson  of  Plymouth,  grand- 
father of  Jacob  Reynardson,  was  an  eminent 
Turkey  merchant.  Jacob  resided  at  Bristol, 
and  may  have  followed  in  his  grandfather's 
footsteps.  May  not  the  writer  of  the  above 
poem  therefore  be  the  Francis  Reynardson, 
poet  and  M.D.,  recorded  in  '  Musgrave's 
Obituaries'  as  dying  17  Oct.,  1725,  and  a 
son  of  Jacob  Reynardson,  being  named 
Francis  after  his  maternal  grandfather 
Francis  Farnaby  ? 

Who  was  James  Reynardson,  Gentleman 
Pensioner,  who  (vide  '  Mus.  Obit.')  died 
30  Jan.,  1732  ? 

Clode  in  his  '  London,'  p.  67,  states  :— 
'  As  to  the  family  of  Reynardson,  some  of  them 
lingered  in  the  parish  [St.  Martin  Outwich]  tor 
many  years,  Francis  and  Sarah  Reynardson  being 
buried  in  the  chancel  of  the  church  29  January, 
1739." 

It  seems  unlikely  that  the  Francis  who 
died  in  1725  was  reinterred  in  1739,  and  un- 
.ess  this  was  the  case,  it  would  be  strange 
that  two  members  of  the  family  should  have 
happened  to  die  so  as  to  be  buried  on  the 
same  day.  Who  then  was  the  Francis  who 
died  in  1739  ?  Who  also  was  the  Sarah 
Reynardson  mentioned  by  Clode  ? 

Sir  Abraham's  "  Country  Mansion "   was 
at  Tottenham  High  Cross.     In  '  Mus.  Obit. 
s  recorded  the  death,   on   28  June,    1789, 
aged  79,  of  Thomas  Rennaldson  of  Totten- 
ham High  Cross.     The  spelling  is  a  variant  of 
Reynardson.     We  find  even  Sir  Abraham's 
name  spelt  in  sundry  ways;  see,  for  example, 
his  funeral  certificate,  Whitelock's  '  Memo- 
ials,'     Guizot's    'Oliver    Cromwell,'     'The 
Historian's  Guide,'  1688,  p.  34,  &c. 

What  connexion,  if  any,  existed  between 
?homas  Rennaldson  and  the  Reynardson 
amily  ? 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  im 


According  to  '  Mus.  Obit.'  Samuel  Rey- 
nardson,  F.R.S.,  died  1741  ;  but  this  Samuel 
had  issue  after  that  date,  and  lived,  according 
to  my  pedigree  of  the  family,  until  1797. 
To  whom  can  the  above  entry  therefore 
refer  ?  Please  reply  direct. 

FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

HYNMERS  OF  NEW  INN  AND  LATIMERS, 
BUCKS. — I  shall  feel  greatly  obliged  to  any 
of  your  readers  for  information  relative 
to  the  family  of  Benjamin  Hynmers  of 
Latimers,  Bucks,  who,  according  to  Th$ 
London  Magazine,  died  in  October,  1743. 
He  is  evidently  the  gentleman  referred  to 
in  Guillim's  '  Display  of  Heraldry,'  6th  ed. 
vol.  i.  p.  331  :— 

"  Argent,  a  Cross-bow  Sable,  between  three  Cocks 
Gules,  is  born  by  Benjamin  Hynmers  of  New-Inn, 
Gent.,  as  his  Paternal  Coat." 


East  Boldon,  Durham. 


H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 


ABBE  DE  LUBERSAC. — The  ecclesiastic  who 
published  in  1802  in  London  '  Journal  his- 
torique  et  religieux  de  1' Emigration  du 
Clerge  de  France  en  Angleterre  '  and  '  Apo- 
logie  de  la  Religion  et  de  la  Monarchic 
reunies '  had  been,  as  he  himself  tells  us, 
Abbot  of  Novilac,  Prior  of  Brives,  and  Vicar- 
General  of  Narbonne.  He  is  said  in  the 
'  Biographie  Universelle '  to  have  died  in 
London  in  1804.  What  were  his  Christian 
names  ?  The  British  Museum  Reading- 
Room  Catalogue,  misled  by  the  '  Nouvelle 
Biographie  Generale,'  gives  these  two  works 
to  J.  B.  J.  de  Lubersac,  successively  Bishop 
of  Treguier  and  of  Chartres,  who  was  never 
in  England.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

JOHN  LAWRENCE,  CLERK,  OF  STAMFORD. 

John  Lawrence,  admitted  to  Emmanuel 
College,  Cambridge,  19  Oct.,  1652,  then 
described  as  "  of  Middlesex,"  B.A.  1656, 
M.A.  1660,  was  Vicar  of  Nassington  from 
the  Restoration  to  1666.  During  his  in- 
cumbency Dr.  Samuel  Brunsell,  Prebendary 
of  Nassington,  made  a  surrender  of  income 
to  the  parochial  cure  (Gordon,  '  Parish  of 
Nassington  -  cum  -  Yarwell,'  p.  36).  Law- 
rence was  Vicar  of  St.  Martin's,  Stamford 
Baron,  1666-1700;  Prebendary  of  Sutton- 
m-the-Marsh,  Lincoln  Cathedral,  1668-1700  ; 
Warden  of  Browne's  Bead  House  (Hospital 
of  All  Saints),  Stamford,  1677-1700  •  and 
in  1700,  also  Rector  of  St.  Michael's, 'stam 
ford. 

Whiston,  who  was  chamber-fellow  of  one 
of  his  sons  at  Clare  Hall,  relates  ('  Memoirs  ' 
p.  250)  that  the  latter  brought  him  ac- 


quainted with  his  "  good  father,"  with 
^hom  he  "  lived  very^  agreeably "  for  a 
nonth  "  at  Mr.  Brown's  Beadhouse,"  at 
:he  end  of  1687  and  beginning  of  1688,  and 
}hen  met  "  that  great  mathematician,  Mr. 
Gilbert,  clerk,"  and  "  that  truly  great  and 
good  man,  Dr.  Cumberland,  afterward 
Bishop  of  Peterborough."  In  1698  charges 
of  maladministration  were  brought  in  the 
name  of  the  bedesmen  (Wright,  '  The  Story 
of  the  "  Domus  Dei  "  of  Stamford,'  p.  120), 
in  a  petition  drawn  by  some  educated  hand. 
The  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  as  Visitor,  does  not 
appear  to  have  taken  any  action  upon  the 
petition ;  it  is  impossible  to  form  any 
judgment  upon  it  without  knowing  the 
Warden's  answer.  Irregularities  were  also 
alleged  against  his  predecessor  and  his  two 
successors. 

Lawrence  was  buried  at  St.  Michael's, 
Stamford,  12  May,  1700.  Can  any  one  say 
to  what  family  he  belonged  ? 

G.  O.  BELLEWES. 

3,  Carlyle  Gardens,  Cheyne  Row,  S.W. 

EDINBURGH  :  DERIVATION  OF  ITS  NAME. — 
According  to  Isaac  Taylor's  '  Names  and 
their  Histories '  (revised  edition  of  1898), 
the  Gaelic  name  of  Edinburgh,  "  Dune- 
din,"  is  a  translation  of  "  Oppidum 
Eden,"  as  Edinburgh  is  called  in  the  'Pictish 
Chronicle '  (edited  ?).  Eden,  which  occurs 
in  more  than  a  hundred  names  in  Ireland, 
and  many  in  Scotland,  is  derived  by  the 
same  authority  (I.e.)  from  a  Gaelic  word 
eadann,  denoting  the  forehead,  or  the  brow 
of  a  hill.  But  neither  Al.  Macbain's  '  Ety- 
molog.  Gaelic  Diet.'  (Inverness,  1896),  nor 
R.  A.  Armstrong's  '  Gaelic  Diet.'  (Lond., 
1825),  nor  the  '  Gaelic  Diet.'  of  the  Highland 
Society  of  Scotland  (Lond.  1828)  contains 
this  word.  I  find,  however,  both  in  Arm- 
strong's and  the  Highland  Society  diet. 
eudann,  as  identified  with  Old  Irish  cadan, 
and  signifying  the  forehead,  face,  brow  of 
mountain  (cf.  P.  S.  Dinneen's  '  Irish-Engl. 
Diet.,'  Dublin,  1904).  Hence  Dunedin  would 
originally  mean  the  town  or  stronghold  built 
upon  the  brow  of  the  hill.  Is  this  derivation 
acceptable  ?  H.  KREBS. 

ELLEN  AS  A  SURNAME. — Can  any  reader 
give  origin  or  particulars  of  this  Kentish 
family  name  ?  F. 

99,  Lewin  Road,  Streatham. 

MITRED  ABBOTS.  —  Which  were  the 
"  mitred  abbots "  ?  A  list  will  greatly 
oblige.  Please  reply  direct. 

(Mrs.)  HAUTENVJLLE  COPE. 

18,  Harrington  Court,  Glendower  Place,  S.W. 


to  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


RALEIGH'S    HOUSE    AT   BRIXTON. 
(10  S.  x.  348.) 

THE  fine  old  Jacobean  house  known 
as  Raleigh  House  was  demolished  about 
twenty  years  ago,  and  COL.  PBIDEAUX 
will  find  some  account  of  it  at  the  following 
references:  2  S.  ix.  243,  410;  6  S.  vii.  294. 
The  Illustrated  London  News  for  6  Aug., 
1887,  contained  a  woodcut  of  the  house 
from  a  pen-and-ink  sketch  by  Mr.  Louis 
Wain. 

As  I  was  born  in  this  house,  where  my 
maternal  grandmother,  Mrs.  Edward  Harvey, 
lived  from  1843  to  1887,  I  may  perhaps  be 
allowed  to  say  that  I  consider  Mr.  E.  F. 
Rimbault's  conjecture  the  most  plausible 
of  several.  He  thought  it  probable  that  the 
house  had  been  occupied  by  Capt.  George 
Ralegh  (Sir  Walter's  nephew).  Capt. 
George,  who  was  sometime  Deputy  Governor 
of  Jersey,  certainly  resided  in  the  parish 
of  Lambeth  ;  and  in  Lambeth  Church  his 
wife,  Judith  Jermyn,  is  buried  (ob.  1701). 
The  great  Sir  Walter  was  imprisoned  in  the 
Tower  1603—16,  and  cannot  have  lived  at 
Brixton  between  the  latter  date  and  his 
execution  in  1618.  Moreover,  the  house 
itself  was  later  than  Elizabeth's  reign. 

The  Daily  Mail  appears  to  have  recorded 
a  vigorous  tradition  which  is  still  growing. 
Ivy  Lodge,  the  house  opposite,  was  known 
in  our  time  as  Burleigh  House  ;  and,  appa- 
rently, at  some  earlier  period  as  Sir  Walter's 
dog-kennel  !  I  know  nothing  of  the  Queen's 
cottage,  but  fear  that  Queen  Elizabeth's 
hypothetical  visit  must  have  taken  place 
before  it  was  built.  But  if  she  ever  visited 
Ralegh  at  Brixton  and  chose  to  spend  the 
night  there,  she  would  rather,  I  imagine, 
have  sent  her  host  to  lie  in  a  cottage  than 
have  hidden  the  majesty  of  England  under 
so  humble  a  roof.  This  was  not  Gloriana's 
way. 

One  somewhat  suspects  underground 
passages  nowadays,  even  when  visible  to 
the  naked  eye.  There  was  a  mysterious 
passage  used  by  tradesmen,  &c.,  at  Raleigh 
House.  You  came  up  an  avenue  from  the 
high  road  ;  entered  the  passage,  which  ran 
under  a  shrubbery  at  the  side'of  the  lawn  ; 
and  attained  the  house.  Concerning  this 
<?atacomb-like  back-entrance  several  antique 
legends  erew  up  ;  but  it  had  been  built  by 
Daniel  Whittle  Harvey  (1786-1863),  the 
Radical  politician,  a  former  occupant  of  the 
house  !  A.  R.  BATTLE Y. 


I  think  that  the  following  quotation  from 
an  article  recently  written  by  the  eminent 
Streatham  antiquary  Mr.  H.  Baldwin  in 
reference  to  Ivy  House,  Brixton  Hill,  will 
be  of  interest  to  COL.  PBIDEAUX  : — 

"I  have  known  the  house  for  many  years,  but 
regret  to  say  that  I  have  found  no  grounds  on 
which  to  base  such  an  association  [i.e.,  that  con- 
necting it  with  the  name  of  Queen  Elizabeth].  All 
antiquaries  are  familiar  with  Elizabethan  'local 
traditions.'  I  remember  another  old  home  just 
opposite,  which  was  called  Raleigh  House  ;  and 
another  just  beyond  the  new  *  White  Horse,'  called 
Manor  House.  There  was  a  tradition  concerning 
the  last  to  the  effect  that  it  had  a  subterranean 
communication  under  the  road  with  a  religious 
house  on  the  site  of  St.  Matthew's  Church,  and 
there  was  some  confirmation  of  this  in  discoveries 
made  near  the  foundations  when  the  '  Horse '  was 
pulled  down.  Many  years  ago  an  old  Brixtonian 
accounted  to  me  for  the  names  Elizabeth  and 
Raleigh  by  a  tradition  that  the  Queen  came  in  her 
barge  from  Greenwich  to  this  spot  by  the  river 
Effra  (the  name  of  which  is  still  preserved),  a 
tributary  of  the  river  Thames  ;  but  in  no  history  of 
Lambeth  or  Camberwell,  in  which  parishes  Brixton 
Causeway  and  the  Effra  are,  can  I  trace  evidence  of 
this." 

JOHN  B.  TWYCROSS. 


"  ISING-GLASS  "  (10  S.  x.  346).—  May  I 
append  to  PKOF.  SKEAT'S  early  quotations 
for  this  name  two  early  quotations  as  to 
the  substance  ? 

The  first  is  from  Ace.  Exch.  (K.R.) 
Bundle  178,  No.  17,  at  leaf  5.  This  account 
is  headed 

"  Particule  compotus  Willelmi  de  Redenesse  clerici 
quern  Rex  assignauit  xmo  die  Decembris  anno  regni 
sui  xliijcio  per  breue  suum  patens  de  magno  sigillo 
suo  Receptorem  et  Custodem  omnium  victualium 
suorum  in  villa  Gales  videlicet  de  omnibus  Receptis 
solutis  misis  et  expensis  per  ipsum  Willelmum  in 
eodem  officio  factis  a  dicto  xmo  die  Decembris  dicto 
anno  xliijcio  vsque  ix  diem  Decembris  anno  xlvto 
videlicit  per  ij  annos  integros." 
The  payments  are  grouped,  so  that  all 
similar  expenditure  appears  with  one  mar- 
ginal title.  There  is  but  one  under  the 
heading  noted  '  Hussblass  '  : — 

"  Willelmo  Foxtone pro  v  Ib.  de  Glew  vocati 

husblass'  per  ipsum  emptis  ibidem  precium  libre 
ijs.  iijd.  ob.  per  manus  dicti  Thesaurarii  xjs.  vd. 
ob." 

This  document  may  be  dated  1371,  as 
may  also  the  one  next  following  in  the  same 
bundle,  which  records  the  delivery 

"  Patricio  Byker  artillario  Regis  ibidem  [of]  iiijc 
xxxiiij  Ib.  salpetre  pro  vxx,  iiijxx  Ib.  di.  sulphuris 

viui Ixiiij  Ib.  fili   pro  cordis  balistarum,   lij  Ib. 

trussyng  thred,  Ij  Ib.  di.  trenchefyll,  xx  Ib.  cordi 
canabis,  xlij  gaithorns,   xl  bukhorns,   xiiij  Ib.   di. 
glewe,  j  Ib.  husblass',  y  Ib.  Cere,  vj  bussellos  carbonis 
maririi,  vj  gaddes  calibis,  vj  Ib.  pulueris  gunnorum 
iiij  ml  pennarum  aucarum." 

R.  J.  WHITWELL. 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  im 


SYDNEY,  1789-1908  (10  S.  x.  261).— 
The  lines  quoted  together  with  the  appended 
note  are  given  in  an  "  additional  note  "  to 
a  foot-note  to  lines  315-20  of  Canto  II.  of 
Darwin's  '  Botanic  Garden,'  at  p.  472  of  the 
fourth  edition,  1799.  The  lines  in  question 
refer  to  the  Portland  Vase.  Now  Josiah 
Wedgwood  gave  the  first  perfect  one  to 
Erasmus  Darwin  in  1789,  and  it  is  now  in 
my  possession.  This  seems  to  confirm 
the  correctness  of  Ly sons'  s  date. 

G.  H.  DARWIN. 

Newnham  Grange,  Cambridge. 

GUERNSEY  LILY  (10  S.  x.  368).— The 
legend  of  this  plant  is  best  summarized  in 
Tupper's  *  History  of  Guernsey,'  2nd  od., 
1876,  pp.  389-91.  The  date  of  the  intro- 
duction of  the  bulb  in  the  island,  as  well  as 
the  manner  of  the  introduction,  rests  more 
or  less  on  tradition.  The  story  currently 
received  (given  by  Dr.  Morison,  '  Plantarium 
Historica  Oxoniensis,'  Oxford,  1680)  is  that 
a  Dutch  vessel  from  Japan  was  wrecked 
off  the  island,  and  the  bulbs,  after  being 
washed  on  shore,  took  root  in  the  sand,  and 
attracted  notice  on  blooming  by  their 
peculiar  beauty.  A  son  of  Lord  Hatton, 
the  then  Governor  of  Guernsey  (1670-79), 
transplanted  and  cultivated  the  flower, 
and  sent  the  bulbs  to  botanists  and  others 
in  England.  In  1725  Dr.  James  Douglas 
(mentioned  in  '  D.N.B.),  a  physician  of 
eminence  in  London,  published  in  folio  his 
'  Lilium  Sarniense,'  amplifying  the  legend 
with  further  anecdote  and  ^fable,  the  result 
of  which  was  to  place  the  existence  of  the 
lily  in  Guernsey  as  far  back  as  the  middle 
of  the  seventeenth  century.  The  plant, 
capricious  in  flowering,  flourishes  in  a 
domesticated  state  in  the  island.  The 
"  Guernsey  lily  "  figures  as  the  Narcissus 
japonicus  of  Rapiri,  and  the  Amaryllis 
sarniensis  of  Linnaeus,  and  is  novv  classed 
by  botanists  among  the  Nerines  as  the 
sarniensis. 

See  also  4  S.  xii.  325,  414. 

ROBERT  WALTERS. 
Ware  Priory. 

FIRST  ENGLISH  BISHOP  TO  MARRY  (10  S. 
x.  366).— William  Barlow,  the  first  English 
bishop  to  marry,  was  never  Bishop  of  Chester, 
but  he  was  Bishop  of  Chichester. 

William  Barlow,  Prior  of  Bisham,  was 
elected  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  16  Jan.,  1535/6, 
but  never  took  actual  possession  of  the  see, 
being  translated  to  St.  Davids.  10  April,  1636. 
He  was  further  translated  to  Bath  and  Wells 
3  Feb.,  1547/8,  and  deprived  by  Queen  Mary 
boon  after  her  accession  in  1553'  After  Queen 


Elizabeth  s  accession  he  was  in  December, 
1559,  appointed  Bishop  of  Chichester,  and 
died  10  Dec.,  1569. 

F.  DE  H.  L. 

ST.  PANCRAS  BOROUGH  COUNCIL  :  ITS 
MOTTO  (10  S.  x.  369).— As  the  editorial  note 
says,  the  St.  Pancras  motto  has  already  been 
discussed  in  the  press.  "  Trin.  Coll.  Cam." 
wrote  to  The  Times  on  31  Dec.,  1906,  saying 
that  revision  by  some  competent  Latin 
scholar  was  necessary,  and  again  on  4  Jan., 
1907,  to  The  Observer  to  the  same  effect, 
suggesting  that  "  Discite  justitiam  rnoniti  " 
('  ^neid,'  vi.  620)  might  be  adopted. 

"  Londinensis  "  wrote  (6  Jan.)  to  The 
Daily  Telegraph  on  the  "  highly  enigmatic  'r 
motto,  adding  : — 

"Like  the  bootmaker  who,  observing  that  his 
trade  rival  had  put  up  over  his  shop-window  the 
device,  'Mens  Conscia  Reeti,'  thought  that  he 
would  go  one  better  by  inscribing  over  his  door, 
'  Mens  and  Women's  Conscia  Recti,'  the  St.  Pan- 
cras Borough  Council  must  have  some  dim  and 
vague  idea  that  they  are  explaining  their  position 
to  the  world  by  their  ambiguous  Latinity." 

Further,  "  Trin.  Coll.  Camb."  suggested 
in  The  Daily  Telegraph  that  the  motto 
should  be  "  translated,  revised,  or  deleted 
from  the  borough  arms,"  and  gave  in  The 
Observer  (11  Jan.)  "  constans  justitise 
minister  ''  as  the  revision  of  a  former  Senior 
Classic. 

It  was  not  at  the  time  ascertained  whence 
this  queer  Latin  came.  The  donors  of  the 
mayoral  chain  and  badges  were  not,  it 
would  seem,  personally  responsible  for  it. 
But  it  remains,  so  far  as  I  know,  to  im- 
mortalize the  pretentious  ignorance  of 
St.  Pancras.  It  is,  of  course,  not  a  crime 
to  be  ignorant  of  Latin,  but  it  is  egregiously 
stupid  not  to  take  advice  from  some  one 
who  knows,  when  you  use  it  for  purposes  of 
permanent  decoration.  Two  or  three  popular 
authors  I  could  name  have  made  similar 
fools  of  themselves  in  the  scraps  of  Latin 
they  have  misquoted  or  misused  ;  but  a 
Borough  Council  might  be  supposed,  from 
its  corporate  character,  to  possess  more 
caution  and  less  zeal  for  unfortunate  ad- 
vertisement. Formerly,  perhaps,  the 
Council's  ignorance  was  blissful :  now  there 
is  no  such  excuse,  and  St.  Pancras  ought 
to  prefer  revision  to  making  itself  per- 
manently ridiculous.  HIPFOCUDES. 

[CoL.  PRIDEAUX  discussed  the  motto  in  1902  ;  see 
9  S.  x.  338.] 

DR.  BEAUFORD,  RECTOR  OF  CAMELFORD 
(10  S.  x.  349). — The  list  of  Nonjurors  in 
the  Appendix  to  the  '  Life '  of  Kettlewell 
prefixed  to  his  '  Works  '  mentions  no  Rector 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


of  Camelford,  but  does  mention  Mr.  James 
Beauford,  Rector  of  Lanteglos.  This  worthy 
was  the  second  son  of  John  Beauford,  M.A. 
(bapt.  13  April,  1617  ;  bur.  14  May,  1679). 
Rector  of  St.  Columb  Major,  by  his  first 
wife  Anne  (bur.  11  Oct.  1663).  He  matri- 
culated at  Oxford  10  July,  1668,  from  Exeter 
College,  aged  fifteen,  and  became  Rector 
of  Lanteglos,  1677,  and  Vicar  of  Padstow, 
1684.  He  married  (1)  Anne,  dau.  of  Joseph 
Sawle  of  Penrice  ;  (2)  Jane  (bapt.  31  Jan. 
1654;  bur.  10  June,  1696),  fifth  dau.  of 
John  Vivian  of  Trewan.  By  the  latter  he 
had  a  son  James  (bapt.  16  Nov.,  1683). 
He  died  19  March,  1720/21.  See  Jewers's 
'  Registers  of  St.  Colomb  Major,'  passim. 

For  his  half-brother  John,  whose  mother 
was  Anne,  second  dau.  of  Henry  Trengrove, 
alias  Nance,  see  Munk's  '  Royal  College  of 
Physicians,'  ii.  110. 

Mr.  Jewers  thus  describes  James  Beau- 
ford's  monument  in  St.  Columb  Churchyard 
(op.  cit.,  p.  xviii)  : — 

"  Against  the  outside  of  the  north  wall  is  a  large 
monument  with  three  shields,  the  centre  one,  Per 
pale,  on  a  bend  three  lions  passant  gardant,  in  chief 
a  crescent  for  difference  ;  on  the  shield  to  the  dexter 
side  are  three  falcons'  heads  erased  (Sawle) ;  on 
that  to  the  sinister  side,  a  chevron  between  three 
lions'  heads  erased,  and  a  chief  (Vivian)." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

This  probably  refers  to  John  Beauford 
of  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb.,  B.A.  1686  ;  M.D. 
Comitiis  Regiis,  1728 ;  Candidate  of  Coll. 
of  Physicians,  Lond.,  25  June,  1729  ;  d. 
10  Oct.,  1750.  See  Boase  and  Courtney's 
'Bib.  Corn.,'  vol.  iii.  p.  1060,  and  vol.  i. 
p.  19.  Cf.  also  Munk's  'Roll'  (1878  ed.), 
vol.  ii.  p.  110;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xx.  (1750) 
p.  477  (Obit.,  Oct.  1,  "Dr.  Beaufort,  an 
eminent  physician,  very  old").  See  also 
J.  C.  Jeaffreson's  *  Book  about  Doctors,' 
1860,  vol.  i.  p.  188,  or  one  volume  edition, 
p.  97,  where  a  very  amusing  conversation 
with  Beauford  is  recorded.  He  regarded 
temperance  as  a  vice. 

For  several  Beaufords  who  held  livings 
in  Cornwall  see  Foster's  '  Alumni,'  Series  I. 
vol.  i.  p.  97  ;  and  Walker's  '  Sufferings  of  the 
Clergy,'  part  ii.  p.  191. 

A.  L.  HUMPHREYS. 
187,  Piccadilly,  W. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S 
x.  309,  353).— The  author  of  '  Fate,' 

Two  shall  be  born  the  whole  wide  world  apart, 
is  Susan  Marr  Spalding,  an  American  writer 
born    in    Maine    in    the    fifties.     Her    best 
work — small   in   quantity,    but   some   of   it 
of  a  high  grade  in  idea  and  technical  skill- 


is  collected  in  a  little  volume  '  The  Wings  of 
Icarus,'  published  in  Boston  in  1892. 

F.  M. 
Hartford,  Conn, 

The  lines  entitled  '  Fate,'  about  which 
MR.  HIBGAME  asks — a  little  poem  of  two- 
nine-line  stanzas — were  written  by  Mrs- 
Susan  Marr  Spalding,  of  Bath,  Maine,  and 
later  resident  in  Rockford,  Delaware. 

M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 

[Our  American  correspondents  at  the  time  of 
writing-  had  not  seen  the  reply  at  the  second  refer- 
ence, attributing  the  poem  to  G.  E.  Edmundson.] 

"MOTTE":  "  MOT  "  (10  S.  x.  265).— 
"  American "  is  too  comprehensive  an 
adjective  to  apply  to  this  word,  as  its 
use  is  restricted  to  Texas.  DR.  SMYTHE 
PALMER'S  communication  demands  an  ex- 
tended reply.  The  following  extracts  show 
what  American  lexicographers  and  others- 
have  had  to  say  about  the  word  : — 

"  Motte,  or  Mot  (French.)— A  clump  of  trees  in  a 
prairie  ;  also  called  'an  island  of  timber.'  Texas." 
— 1859,  J.  R.  Bartlett,  'Dictionary  of  Americanisms,' 
2nd  ed.,  p.  281. 

"  These  islands,  as  they  are  poetically  named,  in 
the  vast  ocean  of  waving  grass,  were  called  Mottes. 
by  the  early  French  explorers,  and  in  many  parts  of 
the  West  still  retain  their  old  names." — 1871,  De 
Vere,  '  Americanisms '  (1872),  p.  102. 

"  Mot,  or  Motte. — This  well-known  Texan  word 
for  a  clump  of  trees,  a  small  grove,  is  not  in  the 
'  Century  Dictionary.'  Compare  Fr.  motte,  a  lump, 
a  patch,  a  mound ;  Sp.  mota,  a  mound." — American 
Notes  and  Queries,  9  Aug.,  1890,  v.  170.  (The  corre- 
spondent wrote  from  Austin,  Texas.) 

"  With  this  word,  in  the  sense  of  a  small  grove,, 
compare  the  Spanish  mats,  a  coppice,  thicket ; 
Portuguese  mato,  matto,  or  mata,  a  brushwood, 
scrub,  or  wild  heath.  I  do  not  mean  to  assert  that 
this  is  the  true  origin  of  the  Texan  word  mot."— 
American  Notes  and  Queries,  6  Sept.,  1890,  v.  225. 

"  Motte,  ri.  [Cf.  F.  motte,  a  clod,  clump,  or  hillock.] 
— A  clump  of  trees  in  a  prairie.  [Local,  U.S.]" — 
1900,  '  Webster's  International  Dictionary.' 

" Motte  (Fr.) — A  grove  or  clump  of  trees,  in  the 
prairies."— 1902,  S.  Clapin,  'New  Dictionary  of 
Americanisms,'  p.  281. 

The  first  of  the  above  extracts  is  par- 
ticularly significant.  In  the  first  (1848) 
edition  of  his  '  Dictionary  of  Americanisms  r 
Bartlett  did  not  recognize  the  word  ;  but 
in  1850  he  himself  picked  it  up  in  Texas. 
Can  we  doubt  that  in  1859  he  recorded  the 
local  belief  as  to  its  origin  ? 

Next,  let  us  turn  to  American  writings. 
In  1844  G.  W.  Kendall  (who  visited  Texa& 
in  1841)  spoke  of  "  mots,"  italicizing  the 
word.  In  1857  F.  L.  Olmsted  spoke  of 

mottes."  In  1880  R.  H.  Loughridge 
spoke  of  "  motts."  (For  these  extracts 
see  the  '  N.E.D.')  In  1852  Capt.  Mayne 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 


Reid  spoke  of  "  niottes,"  using  quotation 
marks.  (See  Bartlett's  '  Dictionary  of  Ame- 
ricanisms.') The  following  extracts  have 
not  before  been  quoted  : — 

"  It  was  about  four  months  after  these  occurrences 
that  with  a  friend  I  was  traversing-.  Western  Texas. 

Islands  of  Timber  ('Motts'),  with  long  belts  of 

forest    fringing    the     streams,    were    dotted    and 
stretched  in  most  delightful  variety  over  the  broad 
ground- work  of  now  undulating,  now  level  prairie. 
......After  a  pursuit  of  some  twenty  minutes  at  full 

;speed,  it  occurred  to  me  that  I  might  get  lost 
among  the  motts,  and  I  reined  up." — 1845,  American 
Revieiv,  i.  128-9. 

"  The  prairie  is  covered  with  fine  mezquite  grass, 
interspersed  with  mezquite  trees  and  live-oak  moats. 

At  the  '  Twelve-mile  Mot '  the  road  first  touches 

the  Nueces For  the  sake  of  reference,  the 

following  list  of  distances  between  water  is  sub- 
joined :  From  Corpus  Christi  to  Twelve-mile  Mot, 

12 To  the  left  are  seen  the  low  hills  along  the 

Red  river ;  and  to  the  right  one  continuous  prairie, 

with  here  and  there  mots  of  post  oak Near  the 

Red  river  the  soil  is  slightly  sandy,  and  you  meet 
with  some  few  post-oak  mots."— 1849,  Lieut.  N. 
Michler,  jun.,  in  '  U.S.  Public  Documents,'  Serial 
•562,  No.  64  (1850),  pp.  8,  12,  31,  34. 

"  As  we  are  now  on  the  high  table-land,  the  trees 
diminish  in  number  and  size.  A  few  mezquit  trees, 
stunted,  deformed,  and  decayed,  appear  on  the 

prairies,  and  occasionally  a  ' mot'  of  live-oaks 

The  rolling  prairie  continued  without  trees  or 
shrubbery,  save  here  and  there  a  little  mot  or 
group.';— 1850,  1852,  J.  R.  Bartlett,  'Personal 
Narrative  of  Explorations  and  Incidents  in  Texas,' 
•fcc.  (1856),  i.  72;  ii.  521. 

"Usually  these  favorite  situations  are  on  the 
•outskirts  or  surroundings  of  the  prairies ;  but,  in 
many  instances,  the  prairies  themselves  are  inter- 
spersed with  "  mott*,'  or  '  inland* '  of  timber,  con- 
taining from  a  few  rods  to  many  acres."— 1858, 
D.  E.  E.  Braman,  'Information  about  Texas,' 
p.  63. 

"The 'upper  cross  timber '  begins  on  Red  river 

the  eastern  portion  running  through  Wise  and 

Parker  counties,  while  the  western  extends  irre- 
gularly, and  frequently  in  patches  and  '  mots '  or 
small  groves,  through  Jack,  Young,  Palo  Pinto,  and 
Erath,  affording  abundant  timber  (such  as  it  is)  to 
those  counties."— I.  R.  Worrall  in  *  The  Texas 
Almanac  for  1868,'  p.  150. 

From  this  evidence  it  is  clear  that  the 
word  first  came  into  use  about  1844  ;  that, 
though  well  established,  it  was  not  very 
common  ;  that  it  always  appears  in  the 
forms  "  mot,"  "  mott,"  or  "  motte,"  except 
in  a  single  instance,  where  we  find  "  moat  "  ; 
and  that  from  the  use  of  italics  and  quota- 
tion marks,  as  well  as  from  the  spelling, 
it  was  regarded  as  a  foreign  word.  When 
Dr.  Bradley  states  that  the  word  "  is  appa- 
rently a  special  use  of  French  motte,  mound," 
he  is  clearly  in  accord  with  American  lexi- 
cographers and  in  harmony  with  the  evi- 
dence. 

DR.  PALMER,  however,  is  not  satisfied. 
The  French  origin,  he  declares,  "  seems  very 


improbable."  Why  ?  Is  it  any  more  im- 
probable that  the  French  in  Texas  called 
clumps  of  trees  "  mottes "  than  that  the 
Americans  in  Texas  called  them  "islands"  ? 
Yet,  as  will  presently  be  seen,  the  latter  was 
a  common  term  with  the  Americans. 

Not  content  with  disagreeing  with  Dr. 
Bradley,  DR.  PALMER  advances  a  theory 
of  his  own.  He  says  : — 

"It  is,  I  submit,  the  same  word   as  mote,    Old 
Eng.   mot,  a  spot,  speck,  or  blemish — a  clump  of 
trees  being  regarded  as  a  dark  patch  or  stain  on  the 
face  of  the  landscape." 
This  theory  invites  three  comments. 

First,  the  latest  extract  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 
for  mote,  meaning  "  a  spot,  a  blemish,"  is. 
dated  1712.  DR.  PALMER  would  have  us 
believe  that  a  word  which  became  obsolete 
in  England  about  1712,  and  which  is  not 
known  to  have  been  in  use  in  America, 
suddenly  put  in  an  appearance  in  Texas 
in  1844.  Such  a  notion,  unsupported  by  a 
particle  of  evidence,  will  to  many  seem 
"  very  improbable." 

Secondly,  DR.  PALMER  quotes  Florio,  a 
writer  on  the  English  lakes,  Merimee,  and  a 
recent  English  writer  on  Italy,  as  showing 
that  a  clump  of  trees  was  regarded  "  as  a 
dark  patch  or  stain  on  the  face  of  the  land- 
scape," and  that  the  Italian  word  macchia 
means  both  a  spot  or  stain  and  a  wood. 
These  citations  are  irrelevant.  It  matters, 
not  what  the  "  still  resolute  John  "  thought 
in  1598,  nor  what  the  author  of  a  '  Guide 
to  the  Lakes  '  thought  in  1780.  The  only 
thing  that  concerns  us  is,  What  did  the 
French  and  the  Americans  think  about  1840? 

Thirdly,  had  DR.  PALMER  been  familiar 
with  French  and  American  writings  on 
Texas,  he  would  scarcely  have  written  what 
he  has  about  "  a  clump  of  trees  being 
regarded  as  a  dark  patch  or  stain  on  the 
face  of  the  landscape."  Texas  was  visited 
in  1807  by  Major  Z.  M.  Pike,  whose  '  Sources 
of  the  Mississippi '  was  published  in  1810. 
It  was  not  until  about  1821  that  American 
settlers  moved  to  Texas,  and  not  until  about 
1831  that  Americans  began  to  write  books 
about  Texas.  The  following  extracts  show 
how  the  early  writers  were  impressed  with 
the  landscape  : — 

"Toute  la  campagne  environnante  presente  les 
sites  les  plus  enchanteurs  et  les  plus  pittoresques  : 
tandis  que  1'ceil  atteint  a  peine  jusqu'a  la  cime 
orgueilleuse  de  ces  grands  arbres,  prnemerits  des 
forets  d'Am6rique,  d'agreables  tapis  de  verdure 
rehaussent  la  beaute  du  paysage,  a  laquelle  ajoutant 
encore  de  belles  plantes  et  de  charmans  oiseaux."— 
1819,  L.  F.  L.?  <Le  Champ  d'Asile,  Tableau  Topo- 
graphique  et  Historique  du  Texas,'  pp.  60,  61. 

"Cette  zone  est  nominee  par  les  habitants  du 
Texas,  le  Rolling Le  Rolling  est  la  plus  belle 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


portion  du  Texas.    II  est  plus  boise  encore  que  le  <  possibility  was  suggested  that  it  came  from 
pays  plat."— 1839,    E.    Maissin,  in   'San  Juan  de  'the  Spanish  mota.     But  such  a  suggestion, 
Expedition  Frangaise  au    beside^   lacking  evidence   in  its   support,   is 


pay 

Ul'u 

Mexique,'  p.  547. 

"  This  region  [of  rolling  prairie],  in  its  beautiful 
and  romantic  scenery,  cannot  be  surpassed  by  those 
•of  which  poets  have  sung  and  novelists  have 

dreamed The  intervals  between  the  streams  are 

mostly  prairie  land  interspersed  with  beautiful 
groves,  and  having,  at  a  distance,  the  appearance 
of  a  cultivated  park.  "—1830,  W.  B.  Dewees,  'Letters 
from  an  Early  Settler  of  Texas '  (1834),  p.  130. 

"The  intervening  country  between  the  rivers, 
•creeks,  and  rivulets,  is  open,  level,  rich,  and 
•elevated  prairie,  clothed  with  a  thick  and  luxuriant 
growth  of  grass  of  a  good  quality  for  pasturage, 
with  occasional  points  and  islands  of  timber,  as  the 
'wooded  projections  and  scattered  clumps  of  trees 
are  called,  which  give  the  plains  the  appearance  of 


vast 


parks,     with    ornamental    trees     artificially 


Mrs. 


;arranged    to    beautify    the    prospect." — 1831, 
Mary  A.  Holley,  'Texas'  (1833),  p.  62. 

"  The  only  interruption  [in  the  prairie]  is  caused 
toy  clusters  of  trees  of  different  forms  and  sizes, 
scattered  at  distant  intervals  here  and  there. 
These  clumps  and  groves,  apparently  possessing  all 
'the  neatness  and  beauty  which  could  have  been 
given  them  if  planted  by  the  hand  of  man,  and 
tended  by  his  greatest  care,  added  the  charm  of 
variety  to  the  eye,  while  they  promised  thick  and 
•convenient  shelter  from  sun  and  storm  to  man  or 

beast These  groves  are  called  islands,  from  the 

striking  resemblance  they  present  to  small  tracts  of 
land  surrounded  by  water.  — 1834,  '  Visit  to  Texas,' 
pp.  40,  41. 

"  As  they  approach  these  rivers,  there  is  more  or 
less  of  timber,  relieving  the  eye,  in  unison  with 
•these  fine  airy  groves  of  every  shape,  with  which 

the  prairie  mounds  are  studded In  many  places 

these  eminences,  or  inclined  plains,  are  regularly 

and  beautifully   decorated    with    timber These 

rows  of  timber  and  picturesque  groves  are  called 
islands,  from  the  striking  resemblance  they  present 
to  small  tracts  of  land  surrounded  by  water. ' — 1836, 
D.  B.  Edward,  '  History  of  Texas,'  p.  38. 


wholly  unnecessary  ;  for  in  that  part  of 
the  United  States  the  people  have  been 
nothing  if  not  eclectic  in  their  choice  of 
words.  Let  me  give  three  illustrations. 
For  sixty  years  or  more,  "  mesa  "  from  the 
Spanish,  "  butte "  from  the  French,  and 
"  bayou  "  from  the  Indian  have  been  house- 
hold words  in  Texas. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.S. 

With  regard  to  the  last  paragraph  of 
DR.  SMYTHE  PALMER'S  interesting  com- 
munication, the  word  in  St.  Jude  is  o-7riA.as, 
occurring  twice  in  the  '  Odyssey '  for  a 
water-swept  rock.  The  capital  letters  used 
for  this  word  by  Liddell  and  Scott  perhaps 
justify  the  suggestion  that  a-TriA.0?,  a  stain, 
is  a  secondary  meaning.  The  etymology, 
if  forthcoming,  would  settle  this  point. 

H.  P.  L. 

PHILIP  II.  OF  POMERANIA  (10  S.  x.  349).— 
This  duke,  who  reigned  from  1606  to  1618, 
had  rather  a  troubled  time.  According  to 
Meyer's  '  Conversations-Lexicon '  (orig.  ed., 
s.v.  '  Pommern  ' ),  one  of  the  principal  pieces 
of  work  which  he  achieved  was  the  improve- 
ment of  the  administration  of  justice.  The 
English  reader  unfamiliar  with  Pomeranian 
dukes  may  remember  the  dramatic  incident 
at  the  grave  of  Duke  Otto  of  Stettin  in  1464, 
as  told  in  Carlyle  ('  Friedrich  II.,'  Book  III. 
chap  iii.). 

"  Cuslino   Pomerani  "   presumably  means 
that  the  author  was  a  Pomeranian  and  came 
"  Here  and  there,    however,  *along    the    shore,    from  Koslin,  one  of  the  principal  towns  of 


beautiful  clumps  of  trees,  commonly  called  islands    Pommern. 


•of  timber,  are  seen  diversifying  the  landscape  and 
relieving  the  otherwise  monotonous,  far-reachiri" 
horizon."— 1841,  A.  Smith,  in  H.  S.  Foote,  '  Texas 
and  the  Texans,'  ii.  377. 


EDWARD  BENSLY. 


CROWS      "  CRYING      AGAINST      THE      RAIN 

(10  S.  x.  88,  136). — Terashima  Ryoan  in  his 
'  Wakan    Sansai    Dzue,'     1713,     torn,     iii., 
Here  is  ample  proof  that  the  early  writers  I  mentions  a  Chinese  belief  that  "  the  raven's 
on  Texas  were  enthusiastic  over  the  beauties  1  cry  accompanied  with  a  repercussion  of  the 
•of  its  landscape,  including  clumps  of  trees,  I  sound   is   named  wife-calling,   and   signifies 
and     that     DR.     PALMER'S     conception     is    fine  weather  ;    otherwise  it  is  named  wife- 


fundamentally  wrong.  It  may  be  remarked 
that  the  word  "  island,"  meaning  a  clump 
of  trees,  did  not  originate  in  Texas,  but  had 
^already  been  in  use  among  Americans  for  a 
-generation  or  so.  After  the  Americans  had 
been  in  Texas  for  about  twenty  years,  they 
suddenly  began  to  use  the  word  "  motte." 
As  already  stated,  the  spelling,  the  italics, 
and  the  quotation  marks  all  indicate  that 
it  was  a  foreign  word.  If  not  French,  what  ? 
It  will  perhaps  be  urged  that  a  Spanish 
origin  is  more  probable,  and  in  1890  the 


rejecting,  and  presages  rain." 

The  same  Japanese  encyclopaedist,  from 
his  own  experience,  goes  on  to  assert  that 
the  raven,  whenever  in  the  summer  it  volun- 
tarily drenches  itself  with  water,  foretells 
rain,  and  expresses  doubts  as  to  the  accuracy 
of  the  old  Chinese  saw,  "  Bathing  magpies 
forebode  rain  ;  bathing  ravens  forebode 
wind "  (cf.  MR.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL'S 


reply,  ante,  p.  136). 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 


KTJMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  im 


DB.  WILLIAM  GORDON  OF  BRISTOL  (10  S.  x. 
349). — Robert  Gordon,  a  West  India  mer- 
chant, was  a  member  of  the  Common  Council 
of  Bristol  from  1756,  and  Alderman  from 
1777,  till  his  death,  14  Dec.,  1784,  being 
Sheriff  1757-8,  and  Mayor  1773-4.  I  think, 
but  am  not  quite  sure,  that  John  Gordon, 
Sheriff  of  Bristol  1789-90,  Collector  of 
Customs  there  1813-32  (elected  Mayor, 
but  declined  to  serve,  1800),  was  a  son  of 
Robert.  He  died,  aged  81,  20  Dec.,  1839. 

A  Dr.  Gordon,  of  whose  Christian  name 
I  have  no  record,  was  an  unsuccessful  can- 
didate for  the  post  of  physician  to  the 
Bristol  Royal  Infirmary  in  December,  1761. 
Probably  he  was  the  "  Dr.  William  Gordon 
of  Bristol "  referred  to  in  MR.  J.  M.  BULLOCK'S 
query.  ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 

Leamington. 

CAPT.  BARTON  OF  H.M.S.  LICHFIELD  (10  S. 
x.  249,  334). — Admiral  Matthew  Barton  was 
the  seventh  son  of  the  Rev.  Geoffrey  Barton, 
Rector  of  Rushton,  co.  Northampton,  and 
Elizabeth  his  wife,  fifth  and  youngest 
daughter  of  Richard  and  Susannah  Lock- 
wood  of  Gayton,  co.  Northampton.  He  waa 
born  2  Aug.,  1716,  at  Rushton,  and  married 
Rachel  Brook  of  Hinton  St.  George,  Somer- 
set, who  survived  him,  and  was  buried  at 
Hampstead,  25  Jan.,  1813.  He  died  without 
issue  at  Hampstead,  and  was  buried  6  Jan., 
1796,  at  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  of  which 
parish  his  nephew  the  Rev.  Charles  Barton 
was  rector.  There  is  a  portrait  of  him  in  the 
possession  of  Major-General  Newton  Barton. 
A  full  pedigree  of  the  Barton  family  is  con- 
tained in  Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica, 
Second  Series,  vols.  iii.,  iv.  JTJDEX. 

"  DISDATJNTED  "  (10  S.  x.  328,  352,  377). 
—Among    the    farmers    and    labourers    oJ 
Sussex,  and  in  particular  East  Sussex,  this 
word  is  of  constant  use,  and  I  have  on  severa 
occasions  heard  the  word  in  such  a  sentence 
as    "  Even   now   we    are   not    disdaunted/ 
I  cannot  say,  however,  that  I  have  seen  th 
word  in  print,  nor  do  I  believe  it  is  to  be 
found  in  any  of  the  published  lists  of  "  loca 
words."  H.  J.  ALLEN  HARDWICKE. 

Vergemount,  Crowborough,  Sussex. 

EDWARDS  OF  HALIFAX  (10  S.  ix.  510 
x.  54,  94,  315).— This  was  James  Edward 
— not  William  Edwards,  as  stated  bj 
R.  S.  B.  at  p.  94.  On  28  Jan.,  1785,  h 
took  out  a  patent  (No.  1462)  for  an  improve 
ment  in  bookbinding,  in  which  he  is  de 
scribed  as  "  late  of  Halifax,  now  of  Pal 
Mall,  bookseller."  His  improvement  con 
sisted  in  painting  pictures  or  ornamenta 


esigns    upon    vellum    specially    prepared 
o  as  to  render  it  transparent.     The  vellum  ; 

then  reversed  and  attached  to  the  sides- 
f  book-covers,   the  painting  being  visible  ] 
hrough  the  transparent  vellum.     The  object 
f   this    is   to    prevent    the   painting   being    i 
amaged  by  wear,   and  so   successful  was 
Edwards  that  in  many  cases  it  is  difficult 
o   believe   that   the   pictures   are   actually 
n  the  back  of  the  vellum,  and  not  on  the 
urface.     James  Edwards  is  noticed  in  the- 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography.' 

R.  B.  P. 

TOOTHACHE  (10  S.  x.  121,  171,  196,  216).— 
"hat  blacksmiths  actually  did  draw  teeth 
the  early  days  of  last  century  I  can  vouch 
or.     My    maternal    grandfather,    who    was- 
orn  in   1803  and  died  in   1895,  has  often 
old  me  that  when  he  was  a  boy  he  had 
tooth  extracted  by  the  village  blacksmith. 
How  the  man  performed  the  operation  I  am 
mable  to  say,  but  I  believe  that  the  principal 
nstrument    in    the    operation    consisted    of 
,  pair  of  pincers.     My  grandfather  informed 
ne  that  a  piece  of  his  jaw  was  broken  off 
when  the  tooth  came  away.     The  old  gentle- 
man's grinders  were  firmly  set  in  his  head, 
and  he  never  had  occasion  again  to  submit 
/o  a  dental  operation.         JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire. 

INITIAL    LETTERS    INSTEAD     OF    WORDS; 
10    S.    ix.    126,    174 ;     x.    176,    258).— The 
ormula   I.D.B.,   noted  by   MR.   HARLAND- 
OXLEY,     may     perhaps     sound     somewhat 
mystic  to  Englishmen,  but  in  South  Africa,, 
and  especially  at  Kimberley,  it  has  a  very 
potent    and    ominous    significance ;     for    it 
stands  both  fdr  the  criminal  and  the  crime,, 
that     is,     for    the     illicit     diamond     buyer 
and  for  illicit  diamond  buying,  being  used 
in  this  way  both   colloquially   and   in  the* 
press  and  law  courts.     No  greater  stigma,, 
indeed,  can  rest  on  a  man's  name  than  that' 
he  should  even  be  suspected  of  having  a 
leaning  towards  I.D.B.  in  Griqualand  West. 
The    penalty     on    conviction    varies    from 
five   to    fifteen   years'    hard   labour   at   the 
breakwater    at    Cape    Town.     The    method 
of    "  trapping "    suspected   persons    by   the 
employment  of  Kaffirs,  who  offer  the  sus- 
pected man  or  woman  a  stone  previously 
marked  by  the  detectives,  has  been  much 
criticized,  but  has  been  found  to  be  the  only 
effectual  way  of  dealing  with  this  particular 
form    of    theft.     A    good    account    of    the 
system  is   given  in  the  late  Mr.    Reginald 
Statham's  novel,  first  printed  anonymously 
as  '  Mr.  Magnus.'  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


417 


ANNA,  A  PLACE-NAME  (10  S.  x.  268,  312) 
— With  regard  to   the  Anna  of  the  latte 
reference,   the  Hampshire  Domesday  Book 
'shows    six    manors    named   Anna   or   Anne 
in    the    neighbourhood    of    Andover.     Th< 
•editor  thereof  notes  that  Anne  was  at  th< 
time  of  the  Heptarchy  an  extensive  trac' 
of  country,  and  that  the  name  was  tradition 
ally  derived  from  Annas,  King  of  the  Easi 
Angles,  driven  from  his  country  and  settlec 
there.     At  the  present  day  the  name  sur 
•vives    in    the    neighbouring    Abbot's    Ann 
Little  Ann,  and  Amport  (sc.  Anne  de  Port) 
The  last  named  is  the  seat  of  the  Marquis 
<of  Winchester,  said  to  be  a  direct  descendant 
of  Sir  Hugh  de  Port,  to  whom  this  manor 
with  many   others   in  Hants,   was   allotted 
by  William  the  Conqueror.     The  same  name 
is  probably  contained  in  the  river  Anton 
•on  which  Andover  (Anton-shore)  lies. 

H.  P.  L. 

The  States  of  Illinois,  Ohio,  Texas,  anc 
•Georgia  have  each  a  small  town  named 
Anna,  the  largest  in  Illinois,  having  rather 
under  2,500  inhabitants  at  the  last  census. 

M.  C.  L. 
New  York. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  EPITAPH  (10  S.  x.  346, 
396). — DR.  KRUEGER'S  inquiry  as  to  the 
meaning  of  Ben  Jonson's  line 

Thou  art  a  monument  without  a  tomb 
might  be  answered  satisfactorily  in  a  para- 
phrase of  the  first  line  of  Matthew  Arnold's 
sonnet  on  Shakespeare  ;  e.g., 

Others  abide  our  burial.    Thou  art  free. 

T.  F.  DWIGHT. 
La  Tour  de  Peilz,  Vaud,  Suisse. 

HIGH  TREASON  AND  ITS  PUNISHMENT 
<10  S.  x.  229,  314,  354).— I  beg  to  thank 
MR.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK  for  correcting 
the  foolish  mistake  I  made  in  saying  that 
the  last  trial  for  high  treason  was  in  1848. 
I  should  like  now  to  say  that,  in  addition 
to  the  two  cases  in  1867  and  1903  mentioned 
by  him,  there  was  the  case  of  Maclean,  who 
was  tried  for  high  treason  on  19  April,  1882, 
on  the  Oxford  Circuit,  for  shooting  at  the 
Queen  at  Windsor,  and  who  was  found  to 
<be  insane.  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

MR.  PIERPOINT'S  conjecture  that  "  it 
was  Mr.  [J.  F.  X.]  O'Brien  who  brought  in  a 
Bill  to  allow  any  Irishman,  who  desired  to 
•do  so,  to  put  an  '  O  '  or  a  '  Mac  '  at  the 
beginning  of  his  surname."  is  incorrect. 
That  Bill  was  introduced  in  the  session  of 
1898,  and  was  in  charge  of  Mr.  MacAleese  ; 


there  were  five  other  names  on  the  back 
of  the  Bill,  but  that  of  Mr.  J.  F.  X.  O'Brien 
was  not  among  them.  As  has  been  already 
pointed  out  (see  10  S.  iii.  15),  the  Attorney- 
General  for  Ireland  denied  that  there  was 
any  law  to  prevent  the  use  of  "  O "  or 
"  Mac  "  ;  but  the  statute  of  1465  quoted 
on  the  same  page  shows  that  there  was 
some  basis  for  the  belief  of  the  promoters. 

F.  W.  READ. 

SIR  ALEXANDER  BRETT  (10  S.  x.  289,  352). 
— The  Somersetshire  wills  collected  by  the 
Rev.  Frederick  Brown  of  Beckenham  have 
been  printed  and  privately  issued  in  six 
volumes  by  Mr.  F.  Crisp.  I  possess  a  com- 
plete index  to  the  work  ;  and  if  SENEX  will 
refer  to  Brown  (F.),  '  Somersetshire  Wills,' 
Series  L,  1887,  pp.  66-7,  he  will  find  a  number 
of  Brett  wills  quoted  in  abstract,  and  these 
formed  the  basis  of  much  of  the  information 
contained  in  the  pamphlet  on  the  Brett 
family,  by  the  Rev.  F.  Brown,  to  which 
MR.  FRY  alludes,  and  which,  I  may  add, 
was  first  printed,  and  is  now  more  easily 
found,  in  the  Somersetshire  Archaeological 
Society's  Proceedings  for  1882  (vol.  xxviii.). 

I  append  a  number  of  references  to 
fugitive  material  respecting  the  Bretts  which 
may  be  found  in  '  Somersetshire  Parishes,' 
a  work  which  is  placed  on  the  Topo-Biblio- 
graphical  stand  in  the  B.M.  Reading-Room. 
The  references  found  on  the  pages  given  are 
in  the  work  named  to  wills  of  Somersetshire 
Bretts,  and  may  therefore  be  of  value  to 
SENEX. 

Alexander,  784,  785.  Anne,  785.  Arthur, 
785.  Eleanor,  178,  784.  Elizabeth,  429. 
Gabriel  Robert,  785.  George,  238.  Hierom, 
725.  Jerome,  143,  472,  509,  726.  John, 
135,  258,  327,  472,  474,  545,  638,  784,  785. 
Mary,  145,  687,  785.  Richard,  785.  Robert, 

784.  Simon,  378,  615,  785.     Lady  Ursula, 

785.  William,  233,  312,  429,  543,  580,  584, 
633,    785.  A.  L.  HUMPHREYS. 

187,  Piccadilly,  W. 

R.  BELGRAVE  HOPPNER  (10  S.  x.  349). — 
Richard  Belgrave  Hoppner  was  gazetted 
Consul-General  at  Venice  15  Nov.,  1814,  and 
leld  that  post  till  5  April,  1825.  He  died 
3  Aug.,  1872. 

ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 

Leamington. 

PAUL  BRADDON  :  WATER-COLOUR  ART 
10  S.  viii.  489). — I  have  searched  every 
Available  source  I  know  for  information,  but 
lave  not  found  the  name  of  this  painter. 
There  are  hundreds  of  artists  about  whom 
lothing  seems  to  be  known.  Notwith- 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       DO  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  isxw. 


standing  the  thousands  of  names  that  Mr. 
Algernon  Graves  has  chronicled,  that  of 
Paul  Braddon  is  not  among  them,  so  that 
he  never  had  a  picture  in  any  of  the  London 
exhibitions. 

In  1825  water-colour  art  was  not  so 
common  as  it  is  now.  Among  sources  not 
generally  accessible,  I  have  looked  at  the 
'  Catalogue  of  Water- Colour  Drawings  of 
Dr.- John  Percy,  F.R.S.,'  sold  by  Christies  in 
1890 — a  most  extensive  list  of  water-colour 
artists  arranged  in  alphabetical  order. 
Braddon' s  name  is  not  among  them. 
Neither  is  he  in  John  Pye's  '  Patronage  of 
British  Art,'  1845,  a  book  full  of  information  ; 
but  the  index  is  defective,  only  a  few  of  the 
names  of  the  numerous  artists  mentioned 
being  in  it.  There  is  no  example  of  Braddon 
at  South  Kensington. 

Further,  in  reply  to  MB.  CANN  HUGHES' s 
question,  there  is  no  exhaustive  history  of 
water-colour  art.  Such  a  work  would  be 
invaluable,  provided  it  gave  coloured  repro- 
ductions of  the  most  representative  works. 

The  term  "  drawing  "  was  quite  right  in 
the  origin  of  the  art,  but  the  drawings  have 
long  since  given  place  to  pictures,  so  that 
it  would  now  be  more  correct  to  talk  of 
water-colour  pictures, 

Perhaps  Braddon  was  an  architect,  for 
architects  are  frequently  artists  too,  as  in 
the  case  of  Ambrose  Poynter,  father  of  the 
President  of  the  R.A.  I  may  also  instance 
Mr.  R.  Phene  Spiers,  an  example  of  whose 
work  as  an  artist  is  also  to  be  seen  at  the 
S.K.M.  in  the  water-colour  gallery. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  UNNOTED  COMPLIMENT 
TO  ELIZABETH  (10  S.  ix.  125,  178). — I  think 
I  have  now  traced  the  contemporary  "  com- 
pliment to  the  beauty  and  grace  of  Eliza- 
beth's reading  and  speaking  of  her  formal 
speeches  to  the  public,"  for  a  precise  reference 
to  which  DR.  FURNIVALL  inquired.  It  is 
to  be  found  in  the  following  extract 
from  The  Athenceum  review  of  7  March, 
1903,  of  the  '  Camden  Miscellany  '  (vol.  x.) 
in  the  Royal  Historical  Society's  Publica- 
tions (Third  Series).  In  the  journal  of 
Sir  Roger  Wilbraham,  "  who  was  Solicitor- 
General  in  Ireland  during  the  last  years 
of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  Master 
of  Requests  in  that  of  James  I.,"  there  is  a 
report  of 

"  the  very  eloquent  speech  delivered  by  the  queen 

to  her  last  Parliament  on  December  19th,  IfiOl 

The  occasion  of  this  address  is  graphically  de- 
scribed by  Wilbraham,  and  it  would  seem  to  have 
been  a  spontaneous  and  unexpected  harangue  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  official  proceedings.  As  to  the 


manner  of  its  delivery,  Wilbraham  remarks  that 
'the  grace  of  pronunciation  and  of  her  apt  and 
refined  words  so  lernedlie  composed  did  ravish  the 
sense  of  the  herers  with  such  admiracion  as  every 
new  sentence  made  me  half  forget  the  precedents/ 
this  being  the  writer's  excuse  for  an  imperfect 
report." 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

SNAKES  DRINKING  MILK  (10  S.  x.  265, 
316,  335,  377).— In  '  Three  Generations  of 
Englishwomen '  there  is  the  following  ac- 
count of  Lady.  Duff  Gordon,  when  a  girl,, 
by  Miss  Marianne  North  : — 

"  Then  she  had  a  tame  snake She  used  to  carry- 

her  pet  about  with  her,  wound  round  her  arm,  and 
it  would  put  its  slender  head  out  at  the  wrist- 
hole,  and  lap  milk  out  of  the  palm  of  her  hand  with, 
its  little  forked  tongue." 

S.  B. 

UNITED  STATES  :  SOCIAL  LIFE  IN  THE- 
SOUTH  (10  S.  x.  248). — The  querist's  illus- 
tration is  unfortunate  :  Robert  E.  Lee's- 
education  was  chiefly  acquired  at  the 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  and  in 
the  field  as  an  engineer  and  a  fighter. 
Thereby  he  got  an  unusual  share  of  the- 
substantial  qualities  of  a  man  and  of  a 
commander,  but  few  of  the  graces  of  a 
carpet  knight.  ROCKINGHAM. 

Boston,  U.S. 

SPECIAL  JURISDICTION  (10  S.  x.  368). — 
Can  R.  B.  or  any  other  of  your  contributors 
quote  the  authority  of  The  Times  for  the 
assertion  that  the  Lancaster  magistrates- 
have  this  special  jurisdiction  ?  Mr.  Holden, 
our  oldest  local  lawyer  here  (over  eighty 
years  of  age),  never  heard  of  any  such 

{provision,    nor    can   I   learn   anything   of    it 
ocally.  T.   CANN  HUGHES, 

Town  Clerk  and  Public  Prosecutor. 
Lancaster. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  Justices  of  Gaol! 
Delivery  for  the  Liberty  of  Peterborough 
is  dealt  with  in  Mr.  Gaches's  '  History 
of  the  Liberty  of  Peterborough,'  1905,. 
reviewed  a  year  or  so  ago  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

R.  S.  B. 

[The  review7  appeared  at  10  S.  v.  478.  ] 

STAMMERING  (10  S.  x.  367). — My  twin 
sons  have  been  almost  cured  of  nervous 
stammering  by  being  trained  to  speak  in 
slow,  subdued  tones  or  semi-whispers.  I  do 
not  know  whether  the  idea  is  original ;. 
but  if  unaware  of  it,  your  correspondent 
may  be  glad  to  hear  of  such  a  simple  remedy.. 

WM.    JAG  CARD. 
139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908.1       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


"  PORTIONS  "  :  "  PENSIONS  "  (10  S.  x. 
310,  358). — In  Funk  &  Wagnalls's  dictionary 
the  following  definition  is  given  of  "pension": 
"  In  the  Anglican  Ch. — A  sum  paid  a 
clergyman  in  lieu  of  tithes." 

R.  VAUGHAN  GOWER. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  Life  of  Gilbert  Burnet,  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  By 
T.  E.  S.  Clarke  and  H.  C.  Foxcroft.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  C.  H.  Firth.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.) 

THE  careers  of  few  persons  who  have  secured  for 
themselves  a  marked  position  in  our  history  have 
led  to  more  controversy  than  that  of  Gilbert  Burnet, 
the  Scottish  minister  who  ended  his  career  as 
Bishop  of  Salisbury.  So  complex  is  the  history  of 
the  days  during  which  he  was  an  active  force  that 
Whigs,  Tories,  and  Jacobites  may  alike  be  pardoned 
for  the  praise  and  blame  which  they  have  showered 
upon  his  memory.  We  may  say  without  any  exag- 
geration that  the  present  volume  is  the  only  one  we 
nave  encountered  that  shows  a  commendable  desire 
to  avoid  partisanship  ;  and  even  here  the  authors, 
we  believe,  have  not  fully  succeeded  in  their  endea- 
vour to  give  a  portrait  of  the  man  as  he  lived. 
Before  that  can  be  accomplished  present  contro- 
versies must  have  become  things  of  the  past,  so  as 
to  make  it  possible  for  us  to  look  back  on  the  times 
between  the  Restoration  and  the  battle  of  Culloden 
with  the  undisturbed  calm  that  surrounds  us  when 
we  contemplate  the  wars  of  the  Danish  and  Norman 
invasions.  We  hope  that  before  that  time  arrives 
the  career  of  the  great  bishop — for  such  he  was  in 
the  eyes  of  his  contemporaries — will  be  dealt  with 
as  a  psychological  as  well  as  an  historical  study,  for 
if  it  be  true,  as  has  been  stated,  that  he  visited  on 
pilgrimage  what  was  known  as  the  place  of  martyr- 
dom in  Smithfield,  there  must  have  been  a  crossing 
of  forces  in  the  mind  of  this  ardent  "  modernist," 
and  for  a  time  mediaeval  ideas  were  reacting  on  his 
imagination. 

Gilbert  Burnet  was  the  nephew  of  Archibald 
Johnston,  Lord  Warriston,  a  learned  lawyer  and 
one  of  those  who  took  a  great  part  in  drawing  up 
the  National  League  and  Covenant.  The  future 
bishop  was,  we  believe,  influenced  in  several 
directions  by  his  fanatic  relative,  but  that  did  not 
hinder  him  from  giving  us  his  mind  with  consider- 
able freedom.  Warriston  had,  we  are  told,  "  the 

temper  of  an  inquisitor  in  him but  after  all  that 

appeared  in  his  public  actions,  he  was  a  sincere  and 
self-denying  enthusiast'- — a  blend  which  has  in 
past  times  caused  widespread  suffering  out  of  all 
proportion  to  its  utility. 

Ordained  as  Burnet  had  been  by  a  Scottish  bishop, 
it  was  by  no  means  an  act  of  apostasy,  though  it 
might  be  somewhat  singular,  for  him  to  receive 
preferment  in  the  Anglican  Communion ;  but  we 
do  not  believe  that  he  ever  held  the  doctrines  of 
the  English  Church  as  they  were  received  by  the 
majority  of  its  clergy.  His  literary  career  began 
early.  He  was  but  twenty-three  when  he  held  the 
living  of  Saltoun  in  Scotland,  and  there  wrote  '  A 

Memorial  of  Diverse  Grievances in  this  Church,' 

which  was  shown  to  acquaintances,  and  it  may  be 
circulated,  as  soon  as  written,  though  we  believe 


that  it  was  not  printed  till  a  few  years  ago.  Much' 
that  occurs  therein  may  have  been  true  in  a  limited 
sense,  but  as  Mr.  Clarke,  the  present  minister  of 
Saltoun,  says,  "  it  is  greatly  marred  by  a  colossal 
self-conceit."  What  Burnet's  motive  can  have  been 
for  writing  such  an  offensive  document  we  can  but 
guess.  Vain  as  he  was,  and  vain  as  he  continued  to- 
be  during  his  whole  life,  that  is  not  sufficient  to- 
account  for  it.  It  is  easy  to  attribute  to  the  young 
man  unworthy  motives  ;  but  there  is  another  view 
of  the  situation  which  may  not  unreasonably  be- 
taken. The  foundation  and  much  of  the  super- 
structure had  undoubtedly  much  truth  in  it.  We 
cannot  excuse  its  one-sided  violence,  but  it  may  be- 
that  in  the  disturbed  state  of  the  country  Burnet 
was  sincerely  anxious  to  do  good  by  what  to  us  in  a 
milder  age  seems  a  tissue  of  invectives.  He  was 
summoned  to  answer  for  what  he  had  done  before 
the  bishops,  and  received  a  severe  censure  for  his 
"  pride,  vanity,  and  insolency."  Archbishop 
Sharp  was  sterner  than  the  others  ;  he  alone,  as 
it  appears,  advocated  deposition,  and,  when  thi* 
could  not  be  carried,  vacated  his  place  in  the- 
meeting. 

Burnet's  first  wife  was  married  secretly,  and  this- 
strange  and,  as  it  seems,  unnecessary  action  wa& 
strongly  censured,  and  was  probably  the  chief,  if 
not  the  only  reason  why  his  appointment  to  the- 
office  of  preacher  at  the  Rolls  Chapel  caused  scandal' 
and  indignation.  This  was,  so  far  as  we  know,.. 
Burnet's  first  English  appointment,  and  he  seem& 
to  have  held  it  about  ten  years. 

It  is  impossible,  in  the  space  at  our  command,  to- 
follow  Burnet  during  the  turmoil  of  the  Revolution, 
period.  He  had  changed  his  opinions,  or,  it  may 
be  safer  to  say,  his  expression  of  them  was  altered. 
He  was  not  now  an  adherent  of  divine  right,  and1 
we  think  it  clear  that  in  his  mind  the  displacement 
of  James  II.  was  hoped  for,  and  indeed  assured,  long 
before  there  were  any  signs  thereof  except  private 
murmurings.  It  is  not  surprising  to  find  Burnet 
employing  himself  as  a  secret  agent  abroad.  There 
is  no  sufficient  evidence  as  to  his  doings  in  Holland 
and  Germany.  We  know,  however,  from  his  whole 
career,  that  he  was  an  untiring  worker ;  and  if  he 
could  for  so  long  a  time  restrain  his  loquacity,  he 
must  have  been  of  great  use  to  the  future  king. 
Whatever  his  services  amounted  to  William,  when 
King  of  England,  appreciated  their  value,  for  the 
See  of  Salisbury  was  Burnet's  reward.  How  he 
managed  the  affairs  of  his  diocese  has  been,  and 
still  is,  matter  of  controversy. 

Of  Burnet's  many  literary  works  the  authors  have 
given  a  carefully  compiled  catalogue.  To  criticize 
them  would  require  a  considerable  volume.  That 
they  are  careless,  arid  in  many  cases  inaccurate 
productions,  is  evident;  and  when  he  treated 
of  his  own  time,  and  especially  of  transactions 
in  which  he  had  taken  a  part,  his  vanity  is 
painfully  conspicuous.  His  style,  even  apart  from 
the  statements  enshrined  in  it,  has  long  been  open 
to  criticism.  We  agree  with  those  who  regara  it 
as  at  times  both  lax  and  cumbrous. 

IN  Messrs.  Longman's  "Pocket  Library"  the 
English  translation  of  Select  Epigrams  from  the 
Greek  Anthology  by  Prof.  Mackail  is  now  out,  a 
companion  to  the  Greek  text  issued  in  the  same 
form.  The  Professor's  delicate  and  tasteful  prose 
will  bear  reading  by  itself,  and  is  worthy  to  rank 
with  the  best  renderings  of  classical  authors  in 
English. 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  21,  im 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— NOVEMBER. 

MR.  THOMAS  BAKER'S  Catalogue  533  contains 
Allies's  '  Formation  of  Christendom,' 8  vols.,  1865-70, 
21.  18*.;  Mrs.  Bell's  'Saints  in  Christian  Art,' 3  vols., 
II.  14*  ;  '  L'Art  de  Verifier  les  Dates,'  8  vols,,  royal 
folio,  calf,  1783-1828,  8/.8s.;  Chambers's  '  Old  English 
Church  Services,'  Pickering,  II.  Is. ;  Dodds's 
*  Church  History,'  5  vols.,  II.  15s.;  and  Stephens's 
'  Runic !  Antiquities,'  3  vols. ,  folio,  21.  10s.  Newman 
items  include  the  Newman  and  Kingsley  contro- 
versy in  one  volume,  1864,  \l.  5s.  Under  Prelacy  is 
.a  collection  of  works  bound  in  one  volume,  price 
II.  10s.  It  includes  *  The  Prelates  Tyranny  in  their 
late  Persecutions  of  Pryn,  Bastwick,  arid  Burton,' 
which  gives  the  full  proceedings  in  the  Star 
'Chamber,  when  the  three  were  condemned  to  lose 
their  ears,  each  to  pay  a  fine  of  5,OOOA,  and  "  Mr. 
Pryn  to  be  stigmatized  in  the  Cheekes  with  two 
letters  (S  and  L)  for  a  seditious  libeller."  Under 
Catholic  in  the  Appendix  is  an  extraordinary  col- 
lection of  pamphlets  by  Catholic  authors  during 
the  last  sixty  years,  50  vols.,  101.  10s.  There  are  sets 
under  Mansi,  Helyot,  Migne,  Chrysostom,  and 
others.  Without  these  we  should  hardly  regard  a 
catalogue  from  Mr.  Baker  as  complete. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell's  Catalogue  167  contains 
under  Matthew  Arnold  '  The  Strayed  Reveller,' 
first  edition,  12mo,  a  fine  clear  copy  in  the  original 
cloth,  Fellowes,  1849,  31.  10s.  Bailey's  'Festus,' 
first  edition,  half-morocco,  is  II.  Is. ;  and  a  presenta- 
tion copy,  brown  levant,  21.  12s.  Bewick  items 
include  first  edition  of  '  British  Birds,'  21-  2s.  Under 
Caricatures  is  a  volume  containing  51  scarce  old 
caricatures,  21.  10s.  The  first  edition  of  '  Robinson 
Crusoe,'  also  that  of  *  The  Farther  Adventures,' 
containing  the  rare  folding  map,  2  vols.,  8vo, 
levant  by  Riviere,  are  priced  1001.  Under  Disraeli 
is  '  The  Revolutionary  Epick,'  first  editions,  Book  I., 
presentation  copy  to  "Arthur  Algernon  Capel, 
Esq.  [Lord  Essex],  with  the  Author's  kindest  com- 
pliments," and  Books  II. -III.,  presented  to 
"  Samuel  Rogers,  Esq.,  from  the  Author,"  bound 
in  1  vol.,  half-morocco,  4Z.  10s.  Under  Drama  is  a 
rare  collection  of  pamphlets  and  broadsides,  in- 
cluding Fairburn's  editions  of  the  trial  Cox  v. 
Kean,  and  other  trials  relating  to  the  drama, 
1  vol.,  9/.  10s.  There  is  a  rare  trial  relating  to  Nell 
•Gwynn  and  the  Duchess  of  Portsmouth,  'A 
Pleasant  Battle  between  two  Lap  Dogs  of  the 
Utopian  Court,  folio,  half-morocco,  1681,  61.  6s. 
(referred  to  by  Cunningham).  Other  items  include 
Monckton  Milnes's  '  Life  of  Keats,'  first  edition 
Moxon,  1848,  21.  15s.;  Stow's  'London,'  black- 
letter,  1618,  21.  5s.  Prynne's  ' Histrio-Mastix,'  first 
•edition,  1633,  61.  6s.;  Rabelais,  'Gargantua  and 
Pantagruel,'  in  the  "Tudor  Translations,"  1900  (one 
of  only  eighteen  printed  on  vellum),  4/.  10s.;  and 
first  edition  of  4  The  Masque  of  Anarchy,'  12mo, 
boards,  1832,  31.  3s.  Swinburne  items  include  the 
extremely  rare  edition  of  '  Atalanta,'sm.4to,  white 
cloth,  as  issued,  Moxon,  1865,  6^.  6s. 

Messrs.  William  George's  Sons  send  from  Bristol 
their  Library  Supply  List  310,  containing  items 
under  Africa,  America,  Angling,  Australia,  &c. 
Messrs.  George  also  devote  a  special  catalogue  to 
the  last-named  region,  including  New  Zealand  arid 
the  South  Seas.  Other  works  include  Balzac,  edited 
by  Saintsbury,  39  vols.,  12mo,  21.  2s.  ;  Chetham 
Society,  96  vols.,  1844-75,  7/.  7s.  first  edition  of  '  The 
Christmas  Carol,'  1844,  10s.  6d.  ;  '  Elegant  Extracts,' 
bharpe  s  edition,  18  vols.,  claret  morocco,  21.  5s  • 


.Lady  Schreiber's  'English  and  Foreign  Fans,' 
2  vols.,  imperial  folio,  half-morocco,  4^.  4s. ;  Hazlitt's 
Collected  Works,  13  vols.,  1902-6,  4£.  15s. ;  Jesse's 
Historical  Memoirs,  illustrated  Library  Edition, 
30  vols.,  1901,  8/.  15s. ;  Johnson's  Works,  including 
the  'Debates,'  14  vols.,  royal  8vo,  contemporary 
russia,  1810-11,  21.  2s.  There  is  a  set  of  Latin 
Classics,  180  vols.,  fresh  half-calf,  each  author  in  a 
distinct  colour,  1825,  &c.,  121.  12s.  Under  Riviera 
is  Bicknell's  '  Flowering  Plants  and  Ferns,'  Triibner, 
1885,  11.  Is.  (issued  at  31.  3s.).  This  work  is  little 
known,  not  even  being  noted  in  'The  English 
Catalogue.' 

Mr.  H.  J.  Glaisher  sends  a  fresh  Catalogue  of 
Remainders.  It  contains  a  hundred  and  fifty  pages, 
full  of  bargains  and  full  of  variety.  We  have 
'The  Works  of  Milton,'  large  4to,  Astolat  Press, 
12s.  (published  at  31.  3s.  net)  ;  Moliere,  8  vols.  for 
11.  5s.  (originally  21.  8s.);  'The  Shakespeare  Gal- 
lery,' 11.  5s.  (4£.  4s.);  Lewine's  'Bibliography  of 
Eighteenth  Century  Art,'  7s.  6d.  (31.  3s.);  and 
'Landseer  Gallery,'  11.  5s.  (4/.  4s.). 

From  Herr  Rosenthal  of  Munich  we  have  a 
German  Catalogue  devoted  to  'Medical  Science, 
1800-1900.'  It  is  especially  handy  for  reference  be- 
cause the  books  offered  are  divided  into  more  than 
fifty  special  headings,  such  as  Chemistry,  Fever, 
Galvanism,  Nerves,  and  Tropical  Medicine.  We 
notice  several  English  books,  also  translations  from 
English.  An  odd  volume  is  '  J.  Armstrong,  Poems 
containing  the  art  of  preserving  health,  with  the 
author's  life,  1805,'  which  maybe  had  for  3m.  There 
are  several  interesting  books  under  Psychology, 
including  two  English  volumes  by  Alexander  Bain, 
and  German  books  on  the  Symbolism  of  Dreams  and 
the  pyschical  degeneration  of  the  French  people. 
The  volumes  are  in  most  cases  to  be  had  at  a 
modest  price. 

[Notices  of  several  other  Catalogues  are  held  over.] 

WE  congratulate  Alderman  J.  G.  Commin  of 
Exeter,  whose  monthly  catalogues  of  second-hand 
books  we  have  frequently  noticed,  on  his  recent 
election  as  Mayor  of  that  ancient  city. 

MR.  HENRY  FROWDE  is  about  to  imblish  '  Fonts 
and  Font-Covers,'  by  Mr.  Francis  Bond,  a  companion 
volume  to  that  author's  '  Screens  and  Galleries  in 
English  Churches.'  The  last  general  account  of 
fonts  was  that  by  Paley  in  his  introduction  to  the 
collection  of  123  fonts  made  by  T.  Combe  in  1844 ; 
and  there  exists  no  consecutive  account  of  the 
beautiful  font-covers  which  survive  of  Gothic  and 
Renaissance  design.  Mr.  Bond  treats  his  subject 
historically  with  upwards  of  400  illustrations. 


10 

K.  ("Put  the  comether  over  him"). —  The 
'N.E.D.'says  that  comether  is  a  dialectal  pronun- 
ciation of  "come  hither,"  used  as  a  coaxing  invita- 
tion to  cows,  horses,  &c.  Hence  "to  put  the 
comether  "  on  any  one  is  to  bring  him  under  your 
influence  by  coaxing  or  wheedling. 

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10  s.  x.  NOV.  21, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'  ADVERTISEMENTS  (NOVEMBER). 

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421 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  28,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  257. 

:NT)TES:— The  Barony  of  Carnousie,  421— The  Rev.  G. 
Plaxton,  422  —  Shakespeariana,  424  —  '  The  Old-Tirae 
Parson '-93,  Pall  Mall,  425— Sir  Arthur  L.  Pigott— Henry 
Halliwell,  B.D.,  426—'  The  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle ' 
—Johnson  Anecdote— "Grisbet  "—Tobacconists' Heraldry, 
427. 

•QUERIES:—  "Paradigma"— 'Letters  left  at  the  Pastry- 
Cook's '—William  Weatherhead  as  a  Child,  427— American 
Naval  Story,  1814— Jacques  Babin,  ex-Noble—Detached 
Parts  of  Counties  and  Townships  -Tyng  of  Dunstable — 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — Surnames  in  -eng — 
Indian  Magic,  428— Arms  of  Married  Women— Shake- 
speare Visitors'  Book — Bishop  Sampson  of  Lichfield— 
North  Bungay  Fencibles,  429— Bell  Customs  at  Sibson— 
'Lights  in  Lyrics' — Yew  Trees  by  Act  of  Parliament — 
The  Kent,  .East  Indiaman— Wilbraham  and  Tabraham  as 
Proper  Names— Cockburnspath,  430. 

REPLIES  :— The  Tyburn,  430— Queen  Elizabeth's  Day,  431 
— Pronunciation  of  Campbell — John  of  Gaunt's  Arms,  432 
—Frost  Prints -Sir  Matthew  de  Renzi,  433— Fifth  of 
November— Law  of  Lauriston— Edward  Morris,  M.P.— 
•"Dear":  "O  dear  no!"  434 — Dr.  Pena — Queen  Anne's 
Fifty  Churches— "Moloker,"  Yiddish  Term,  435— Crom- 
•well  and  the  117th  Psalm— TH  as  a  Symbol— The  Lion 
.and  the  Unicorn,  436— "Nose  of  Wax  "—Commodore 
Chamberlain — Ovoca  or  Avoca — " Portions  "  :  " Pensions" 
—The  Eleventh  Commandment— Military  Bank-Note— 
Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  437 — Jeffrey  Hudson  the  Dwarf 
—Bandy  -  Leg  Walk  —  Salford :  Saltersford  —  Persian 
'Translation  by  Shelley — Storks  and  Commonwealths — 
Kniphofia,  438. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS: -The  Tudor  Facsimile  Texts- 
Algernon  Ashton's  Letters  to  the  Press. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 


THE     BARONY     OF     CARNOUSIE. 

I  WOULD  add  a  few  notes  to  my  account 
of  Carnousie  (10  S.  ix.  41,  203),  and  at  the 
•same  time  thank  MR.  J.  M.  BTJLLOCH  for 
his  valuable  information  (ix.  347)  regarding 
the  Gordons  of  Edinglassie  and  the  subse- 
quent owners  of  the  property.  My  thanks 
are  also  due  to  Mr.  John  Harvey,  the  present 
laird  of  Carnousie,  who  has  sent  me  certain 
interesting  notes  and  The  Banff  shire  Journal 
-of  4  Sept.,  1852.  The  latter,  besides  giving 
a  long  summary  of  improvements  made  on 
the  estate  by  Mr.  Harvey's  father,  concludes 
with  an  account  of  its  previous  possessors. 
'This  account  I  have  abridged  below,  and 
^shall  show  presently  that  certain  details 
of  it  need  verifying. 

The  "  New  House "  the  Journal  states, 
was  begun  by  Capt.  Grant,  at  whose  death 
in  1841  it  was  not  completed,  having  cost 
upwards  of  5,OOOZ.  The  "  Old  House," 
the  walls  of  which  are  3  ft.  thick,  bears  on 
it  the  date  1577.  The  history  of  the  owner- 
ship of  Carnousie  is  given  thus.  Alexander 
Burnard  (Burnett),  the  first  of  the  family 
of  Leys,  who  accompanied  King  Robert 
Bruce  from  the  native  earldom  of  that 
monarch  in  Annandale,  obtained  from  his 
royal  master,  along  with  several  lands  in 


Aberdeenshire,  a  grant  of  the  "  two  Car- 
nousies."  This  charter  is  dated  28  March, 
18th  year  of  the  King's  reign  (1323).  The 
two  Carnousies  are  the  Auldton  and  Newton, 
which  originally  constituted  the  bulk  of 
the  estate  known  as  the  Barony  of  Carnousie. 
Alexander  Burnard  wras  succeeded  by  his 
son  Robert,  who  obtained  a  charter  of  con- 
firmation of  his  father's  lands  from  King 
David  Bruce,  dated  at  Scone  17  Nov.,  1358. 
His  son  John  de  Burnard  had  held  the  office 
of  King's  Macer,  for  which  he  enjoyed  an 
annuity  of  ten  merks,  as  appears  by  a  charter 
under  the  Great  Seal,  from  David  Bruce 
to  Richard  de  Cumine.  The  latter  was 
directed  to  pay  it  "  out  of  the  lands  of  the 
two  Carnousies  "  ;  and  the  annuity,  adds 
the  charter,  "  fuit  Johannis  Burnard  Clavi- 
geri  Nostri."  This  charter  is  dated  25  Dec., 
1370. 

The  estate  now  went  to  the  Cumines 
of  Inverallochy,  and  remained  with  them 
three  or  four  descents,  when  it  was  acquired 
by  the  Maitlands  of  Gight,  afterwards  of 
Pittrichie,  with  whom  it  also  remained  four 
of  five  descents.  It  was  next  acquired  by 
Lord  Oliphant,  whose  family  possessed  it 
for  three  generations,  when  it  passed  to 
Sir  Walter  Ogilvie  of  Dunlugas,  Provost 
of  Banff  1543.  He  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  son  Sir  George  Ogilvie  of  Dunlug  as 
in  that  estate,  and  by  his  second  son  Walter 
in  Carnousie.  Walter  dying  s.p.,  the  pro- 
perty went  to  his  elder  brother  Sir  George, 
upon  whose  death  it  passed  to  his  second 
son  George,  who  was  created  a  baronet  in 
1626. 

From  the  Ogilvies  it  passed  to  the  Gordons 
of  Edinglassie,  who  possessed  it  in  1746, 
when  it  was  forfeited  for  the  then  proprietor's 
connexion  with  the  Rebellion.  The  estate 
was  sold,  and  was  purchased  by  James, 
fifth  Earl  of  Findlater,  who  in  a  short  time 
sold  it  to  Mr.  Hay  of  Mountblairy,  father 
of  General  Andrew  Hay  of  the  same  place. 
The  latter  sold  it  to  his  brother-in-law,  Col. 
Patrick  Duff,  H.E.I. C.S.,  afterwards  General. 
He  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son  Patrick, 
who  sold  the  property  to  Mr.  Stewart  of 
Belladrum.  He  held  it  a  few  years,  and 
then  sold  it  to  Capt.  Grant.  On  the  latter' s 
suicide  in  1841  it  was  disposed  of  to  Mr. 
Gordon,  advocate  of  Aberdeen,  from  whom 
it  was  shortly  afterwards  purchased  by  Mr. 
William  James  Harvey. 

This  account  supplies  fresh  facts  as  to 
the  possessors  before  John  Burnard  (1369  ; 
see  10  S.  ix.  42),  showing  that  Robert  and 
Alexander,  his  father  and  grandfather,  pre- 
ceded him.  It  does  not,  however,  throw 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10  s.  x.  NOV.  28, 


any  light  on  the  Countess  of  Wigton  who 
held  Carnousie  in  1359.  The  Cummes  are 
stated  to  have  been  in  possession  three  or 
four  descents  from  1370,  yet  it  appears  by 
the  charters  that  the  Frasers  held  it  between 
1369  and  1395.  Next  the  Maitlands  of 
Gight  are  named  owners,  and  that,  too,  for 
five  generations  !  I  think  this  must  be 
an  error,  and  the  reference  must  be  to 
Netherdale,  which  in  1369  was  in  the  hands 
of  James  Mautaland.  The  two  estates  are 
close  together.  Again,  the  three  generations 
of  Lord  Oliphant  which  are  next  given  are 
puzzling.  As  I  have  shown  before  (ix.  42), 
the  order  of  families  between  1369  and  1421 
was  Comyn,  Fraser,  and  Dunbar.  The 
Journal  makes  no  mention  of  the  Frasers 
or  Dunbars,  although  there  are  charters 
to  support  the  ownership  of  these  families. 

The  account  of  the  Ogilvies  is  not  very 
full  and  not  altogether  correct  (see  ix.  203). 
The  information  from  the  time  of  the  Gordons 
to  the  present  day  appears  to  be  free  from 
error.  It  remains  to  add  that  in  1868  Mr. 
John  Harvey  succeeded  his  father,  Mr.  W.  J. 
Harvey,  and  that  he  holds  the  property  at 
this  date. 

Five  centuries  and  more  have  rolled  by 
since  Robert  Bruce  assigned  Carnousie  to 
Alexander  Burnard.  During  this  time  it  has 
passed  through  the  hands  of  some  fourteen 
families,  and  now,  by  a  vicissitude  of  for- 
tune, these  lands  have  reverted  to  a  scion 
of  the  Bruce  family.  The  present  Laird's 
mother  was  Isabella  Barclay,  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  the  Barclays  of  Towie  (an  estate 
near  Turriff  in  Aberdeenshire),  one  of  whose 
ancestors  married  a  sister  of  King  Robert 
Bruce.  Among  the  seals  in  the  British 
Museum  is  one  (No.  15,799)  of  Walter  Barcla 
or  Barclay  of  Towie,  its  date  being  1499. 
The  arms  represented  are  a  chevron  between 
three  crosses  pattee.  The  seal  is  broken 
at  the  base,  and  does  not  show  the  third 
cross.  The  famous  Russian  general  Prince 
Barclay  de  Tolly  (a  corruption  for  Towie) 
came  of  this  family  ;  his  features,  as  shown 
in  his  portraits,  are  quite  of  the  old  Barclay 

I  may  add  that  the  Burnards  mentioned 
above  were  an  English  family.  Their  an- 
cestor appears  in  Domesday  as  mesne  tenant 
of  William  de  Ow  in  the  counties  of  Beds, 
Herts,  and  Wilts.  Chalmers  ('  Caledonia,' 
ii.  586)  says  that  Robert  Burnard  settled 
on  the  Teviot  as  early  as  1128,  and  his 
descendants,  moving  northwards,  became 
the  progenitors  of  the  Burnets. 

CHR.  WATSON. 
294,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 


THE    REV.    GEORGE    PLAXTON. 
(See  ante,  p.  301.) 

ON  16  Aug.,  1707,  Plaxton,  whom  the- 
editor  of  '  Letters  to  Thoresby '  describes- 
as  a  "  light-hearted  and  ingenious  divine  " 
(vol.  ii.  p.  66),  writes  to  Thoresby,  playfully 
signing  the  letter  as  "  G.  Barwick."  Ad- 
dressing the  antiquary  as  "  Sir  Ralpho," 
he  writes  again  on  23  Dec.,  1707  (ibid.,. 
pp.  82-4),  further  letters  following  on  3  and 
6  Jan.,  1707/8  (ibid.,  pp.  86-8).  A  few  weeks, 
later,  on  20  Feb.,  he  writes  — 

"Now  the  Carnival  is  over,  Lytanys  and  Lent 
are  come  in,  pease  and  porridge  and  prayers,  onions, 
and  oatcakes,  Herrings  and  Humiliation,  all  go  hand 
in  hand."— Brooke  MSS. 

In  a  letter  dated  16  Nov.,  1708,  he  gives- 
to  Thoresby  some  particulars  of  his  mother's- 
family  ('  Letters  to  Thoresby,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  122- 
123)  ;  and  he  writes  again  on  26  Nov.. 
(ibid.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  126-7).  A  letter  dated 
St.  Thomas,  1708,  to  Thoresby,  who  was. 
about  to  start  for  London,  is  of  personal 
interest  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  133)  : — 

"  Our  lasses  have  sent  you  a  mail  of  letters  :  they 
pray  you  to  deliver  them,  which  you  may  do  at  one- 
place,  viz.,  my  mother's.  My  duty  to  the  good  old 
woman." 

Another  letter  to  Thoresby,  bearing  the 
same  date  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  134-5),  also 
introduces  family  topics  : — 

"I  am  sure  my  son  George  will  do  you  all  the 
service  he  can.  I  have  written  to  him,  and  send 

the  letter  to  be  delivered  by  yourself Be  sure 

you  see  my  mother,  and  let  me  trouble  you  with  this 
bundle  of  letters  to  her  and  my  brother  Will,  and 
sister  Anne.*  All  duties  and  service  to  them  all." 

In  1709  he  lost  his  wife,  and  on  11  Aug.. 
Thoresby  walked  to  Barwick  "  to  visit  Mr.. 
Plaxton  in  his  widowhood  "  ('  Diary,'  vol.  iL 
p.  52).  On  1  Oct.,  1709,  Plaxton  writes  to- 
Thoresby  ('  Letters  to  Thoresby,'  vol.  ii. 
pp.  196-8)  ;  and  again  on  26  Nov.,  from. 
Barwick,  announcing  that  "  George  is  gone 
post  for  London,  and,  I  hope,  safe  there  by 
this  time "  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  206-7).  In 
another  letter  of  this  period,  undated,  he- 
alludes  to  the  gift  of  a  sermon  from  his  son 
George,  and  pathetically  says  :  "  All  my 
family  are  at  York  ;  I  am  left  alone  ;  if 


*  According  to  Thoresby 's  pedigree  of  the  Ake- 
royds,  the  Rev.  George  Plaxton  had  two  brothers,, 
John  Plaxton  of  Gray's  Inn,  and  William  Plaxton 
of  London  ;  as  well  as  two  sisters,  Ellen  and  Anne,, 
each  living  in  1714  ('Ducatus  Leodiensis,'  1816r 
p.  258).  A  William  son  of  G.  (Foster  suggests 
"Gulielmus")  Plaxton,  of  Wressell,  Yorks,  gent., 
matriculated  on  10  Oct.,  1690,  aged  twenty- two,  at 
Brasenose  College,  Oxford  ('Alumni  Oxonienses')  j 
probably  he  was  George's  brother,  though  some; 
twenty  years  younger. 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423 


you  would  now  come  and  see  me,  it  would 
be  charity "  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  145).  His 
humour  finds  expression  in  a  letter  dated 
10  July,  1710,  referring  to  the  haymaking  : — 

"  Ye  great  Feast  of  St.  Foens  is  begun  in  my 
parish,  it  has  been  observed  here  ever  since  the 
world  was  weaned  and  the  Creation  turned  to 
grasse." — Brooke  MSS. 

On  10  March,  1710/11,  he  writes  that  he  is 
"  just  alive,  and  that  is  all.  I  am  full  of 
rheumatic  pains  and  aches  ;  I  have  no  ease 
in  bed  or  up  "  ('  Letters,'  ii.  143). 

In  Nichols's  '  Literary  Illustrations  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century '  (vol.  iv.  pp.  492-4) 
is  given  a  letter  addressed  in  1711  by  the 
Rev.  George  Plaxton  to  the  Hon.  Heneage 
Finch,  afterwards  fifth  Earl  of  Winchilsea, 
whose  younger  brother  was  Dean  of  York. 
It  is  a  very  characteristic  effusion,  and  thus 
concludes  : — 

"  How  do  you  like  Canterbury?  How  did  Bully 
Rock  receive  you  ?  Is  his  corruption  in  his  head  or 
in  his  feet?  Is  his  mitre  tin,  lead  or  pewter;  or, 
like  the  Saramites,  Corinthian?  Are  his  lawn 
sleeves  really  blue?  or  is  it  only  the  cast  of  the 
indigo  ?  and  proceeds  from  the  folly  of  his  laundress? 
Does  he  wear  the  cloak  above  the  gown  ?  and  the 
precise  neck-cloth  above  the  band?  Is  his  black 
cap  hooped  with  linen?  and  his  cassock  of  Tom 
Dennison's  cut  ?  In  short,  what  is  the  bulk,  stature, 
and  selvidge  of  the  man  ?  Is  he  bigger  or  less  than 
his  predecessor  ?  In  what  climate  stands  Lambeth  ? 
because  I  am  told  'tis  always  summer  there  ;  if  so, 
their  heads  must  be  flie-blown.  I  congratulate  you 
on  your  happy  fall  of  preferment.  I  have  had  my 
share  too ;  but  I  fell  downwards,  as  you  fell  upwards 
— one  from  my  horse,  and  another  from  the  horse- 
block ;  however,  I  have  got  a  new  livery  in  my 
skin,  if  I  get  nothing  else.  I  am  now  a  worse  cripple 
than  ever,  and  am  become  a  walking  Clogg,  an 
Almanack  to  foretell  weather,  and  shew  changes." 

Plaxton  was  something  of  a  social  re- 
former. On  5  Feb.,  1712/13,  Thoresby 
records  ('  Diary,'  vol.  ii.  p.  89)  that  he 

"was  at  Alderman  Milner's  about  Mr.  Plaxton's 
project  of  a  fund  for  the  aged  and  poor  croppers, 
at  2d.  or  4c£.  per  cloth,  in  imitation  of  that  at  New- 
castle, of  4d.  per  keel,  which  is  thought  would 
amount  to  as  large  a  revenue,  which  is  46£.  or  80/. 
per  annum." 

Whilst  in  London,  on  1  July,  1712,  the 
diarist  called  to  see  Parson  Plaxton's  mother, 
aged  eighty-eight,* 

"  yet  cant  to  admiration.    I  saw  her  thread  a  very 
small  needle,  and  read  without  spectacles"  (ibid. 
vol.  ii.  p.  127). 

On  17  Sept.,  1712,  Thoresby 
"  took  what  sheets  of  the  '  Ducatus  Leodiensis 
are  printed  off,  and  carried  them  to  Mr.  Plaxton, 
who  has    importunately    desired    the    perusal    of 
them"  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  171). 


*  His  mother,  Beatrice  Ackeroyd,  was  baptized 
8  May,  1625,  at  Bubwith  (Foster's  'Yorkshire 
Pedigrees '). 


Thoresby  was  at  Barwick  on  Sunday, 
5  April,  1713  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  186-7),  when 

Mr.  Plaxton  preached  very  well,"  and 
administered  the  sacrament  to  over  a  hun- 
dred persons, 

"and  near  as  many  on  Friday,  when  he  was  four 
hours  engaged  in  the  church,  telling  the  Woodside 
folk  that  it  may  be  he  might  see  them  no  more  till 
that  time  twelve  months. 

In  the  afternoon  the  Rector  expounded 
part  of  the  Creed, 

"and  notwithstanding  his  jocular  temper  and1 
satirical  wit  (which  displeaseth  some  and  pleaseth 
many),  he  is  very  com  menclably  serious  and  indus- 
trious in  his  cure,  and  hath  brought  his  parish  to- 
an  excellent  order." 

On  12  Sept.,  1713,  Thoresby  went  over 
to  Barwick,  and  on  the  next  day,  being' 
Sunday, 

"Mr.  John  Plaxton*  preached  very  ingeniously 
from  Proverbs;  but  I  had  no  opportunity  of 
noting  the  heads  ;  afterwards  took  leave  of  my 
old  friend,  who  is  for  the  Lord  Gower's,  whence  he- 
talks  of  returning  the  next  month  ;  but  I  much  sus- 
pect it,  considering  his  age  and  infirmities ;  the  Lord, 
go  with  him  and  return  him  ! "  (ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  195.) 

Thoresby  was  again  in  London  in   1714,, 
and  on  25  July  records  how  he 
"  dined  with  Mr.  Plaxtonf  and  his  aged  grand- 
mother, who,  in  the  ninety-first  year  of  her  age,, 
can  see  to  read  a  written  letter  without  spectacles, . 
and  also  to  thread  a  very  small  needle,  as  I  saw 
her  do  it  last  Friday,  and  keep  it  as  a  curiosity ; 
walked  with  her  sonj  to  Bloomsbury  Chapel,  where 
Paul  Bachiler  preached  very  well  from  Joshua  xxiv 
15  "(ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  242). 

In  the  fifth  volume  of  '  Hearne's  Collec- 
tions'  (Oxford  Hist.  Soc.,  vol.  xlii.  p.  31); 
is  given  an  abstract  of  a  letter  addressed 
by  the  Rev.  George  Plaxton,  on  7  March,. 
1714/15,  to  Thomas  Hearne  (1678-1735),, 
in  which  he  says  that  he  has  not  been  in. 
Yorkshire  or  at  Leeds  for  some  months, 
and  is  now  staying  at  Trentham  with  Lord 
Gower.  He  enumerates  some  of  the  trea- 
sures of  the  library  there,  and  adds,  "  Age 
makes  my  hand  shake  !  " 

Plaxton  appears  to  have  been  at  Trentham 
on  18  Feb.,  1715/16,  when  he  wrote  to  his 
old  friend  as  follows  ('  Letters  to  Thoresby,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  339)  :— 

"If  I  stay  here,  I  have  not  three  of  my  old" 
friends  living.  I  am  to  keep  company  with  grand- 
children and  young  people  :  the  Deanays  of  Stafford' 
are  all  new  faces;  the  Deaneys  of  Salop  most  of 
them  strangers;  most  churches  have  espoused  a 
third  husband  since  I  knew  them  :  nay,  in  three 
parishes  where  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  placed,, 
not  one  family  is  left  unchanged  ;  most  houses  have 
new  masters  and  dames ;  death  hath  made  a  great 
alteration  in  them." 


*  His  third  son,  of  whom  later. 

f  Either  William  or  George,  sons  of  my  subject. 

$  Either  John  or  William,  brothers  of  iny  subject. 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  IQOS. 


Pathetically  he  adds  that  he  lives  "  but 
in  pain  and  misery,"  by  reason  of  a  stone 
fixed  in  his  bladder,  which,  he  says, 
-"will  bear  me  company  to  my  grave.  I  cannot 
ride,  nor  go  well  on  foot.  However,  I  hope  to  see 
my  native  soil  this  year,  if  God  spares  my  life,  that 
my  bones  may  rest  as  near  my  old  friends  as  I  can 
•contrive." 

ALEYN  LYELL  READE. 

Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 
(To  be  continued.) 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 

ANTONY   AND    CLEOPATRA,'    I.    i.    50-51 
--(Folio)  :— 

when  such  a  mutuall  paire, 
Arid  such  a  twaine  can  doo't. 

(Globe,  I.  i.  37-8.) 

In  "A  New  Variorum  Edition "  we  find 
the  following  : — 

"  Staunton  (Atheiwum,  12  April,  1873)  :  Here  the 
words  '  such  a  mutual  pair  And  such  a  twain  'are 
tautologous  and  feeble.  Besides  which,  they  fail  to 
.account  for  the  Queen's  rejoinder,  '  Excellent  false- 
hood ! '  I  cannot  but  think  that  Shakespeare  wrote, 
'  And  such  a  constant  twain,'  or  '  such  a  faithful 
twain.'  Some  epithet  implying  an  indefeasible 
affection  seems  imperatively  called  for.  (The 
addition  of  a  disyllable  mars  the  metre,  but  this 
would  be  venial,  if  the  need  were  beyond  question. 
Does  not,  however,  any  epithet  weaken  'such,' 
which,  in  its  full  force,  may  imply  constant,  faithful, 
lotiaL  steadfast,  and  all  other  appropriate  epithets  ? 
-ED.)." 

In  the  foregoing  comment  the  force  of 
"  mutual  "  and  "  pair,"  together  with  the 
contrasted  word  "  twain,"  seems  to  have 
been  overlooked.  Both  "  mutual "  and 
"  pair "  indicate  a  reciprocal  relation. 
"  Such  a  mutual  pair  "  refers  to  the  love 
which  Antony  and  Cleopatra  bear  for  each 
other,  their  exceptional  character  as  lovers. 
In  the  following  line  "  such  a  twain  "  indi- 
cates only  their  high  station  as  two  of  the 
greatest  person  -  in  the  world.  "Twain," 
of  course,  signifies  merely  two,  and  is  thus 
used  in  contrast  with  "  pair."  Therefore 
"  such,"  in  its  full  force,  may  be  taken  to 
carry  the  idea  noble,  in  connexion  with 
"  twain,"  but  it  could  not  imply  the  reci- 
procal, lover-like  attributes,  constant,  faith- 
ful, &c.,  suggested  by  Furness,  and  mis- 
takenly thought  by  Staunton  to  be  called 
for. 

Further,  since  Antony,  in  calling  himself 
and  Cleopatra  "  a  mutual  pair,"  asserts 
that  he  is  the  Queen's  lover,  we  see  that 
Staunton  is  also  incorrect  in  stating  that 
Antony's  speech  fails  to  account  for  the 
Queen's  rejoinder,  "  Excellent  falsehood  !  " 


III.  xii.  18  (Folio)  :— 

He  Lessons  his  Requests. 

(Globe,  III.  xii.  13.) 

Furness  quotes  without  comment,  Thiselton 
(p.  20)  :- 

"'Lessons'  is  undoubtedly  Shakespeare's  word 
here  in  the  sense  of  schools  or  disciplines.  The 
initial  capital  indicates  an  emphasis  which  the 
feeble  lessens  would  hardly  carry,  but  which  the 
metaphorical  *  Lessons '  carries  easily.  The  fact 
that  the  ambassador  is  on  this  occasion  a  school- 
master should  have  been  sufficient  to  have  warded 
off  the  sacrilegious  hand  of  the  emendator." 

If,  instead  of  "  Requests,"  the  ambassador 
had  used  a  word  to  denote  that  which 
originated  the  requests,  we  might  agree  that 
such  originating  force  could  be  schooled 
or  disciplined.  "  Lessons  his  desires  "  would, 
perhaps,  not  be  objectionable.  "  Requests," 
however,  denotes  a  product  which  Antony, 
in  obedience  to  Caesar's  pleasure,  properly 
"  lessens,"  as  in  the  emended  texts. 

V.  ii.  105-7  (Folio)  :— 

For  his  Bounty, 

There  was  no  winter  in 't.    ,An  Anthony  it  was 

That  grew  the  more  by  reaping. 

(Globe,  V.  ii.  86-8.) 

Theobald,  in  suggesting  the  reading  autumn 
for  "  Anthony "  of  the  Folio,  remarked : 
"  The  reason  of  the  depravation  might 
easily  arise  from  the  great  similitude  of  the 
two  words  in  the  old  spelling,  Antonie  and 
Automne "  ;  to  which  Furness  replies: 
"  The  name  is  spelt  Anthony  in  this  play 
in  the  Folio  without  an  exception,  I  think  ; 
which  injures  the  literal  '  similitude '  not 
a  little."  Furness  seems  to  overlook  the 
fact  that  the  "  literal  similitude "  of  the 
rarely  occurring  Automne  and  the  frequently 
occurring  Antonie,  which  deceived  the  eye 
of  the  one  who  read  to  the  compositor,  must 
have  appeared  in  the  original  manuscript. 
Therefore  the  form  Anthony,  adopted  for 
the  Folio  text,  does  not  affect  the  issue. 

Spedding  (5  S.  i.  303)  remarks,  in  sup- 
port of  the  reading  autumn,  "surely  it  makes 
better  sense  and  better  poetry,"  &c.,  on 
which  Furness  comments  :  "  When  Spedding 
becomes  eloquent  over  the  beauty  of 
'  autumn,'  he  seems  to  forget  that  he  is 
exalting  not  Shakespeare,  but  Theobald." 
This  attempt  to  take  refuge  behind  au- 
thority suggests  the  inquiry,  Who  definitely 
settled  the  question  as  to  which  reading — 
"  Anthony  "  or  autumn — is  Shakespeare's 
word  ?  The  mere  fact  that  "  Anthony " 
appears  in  the  'Folio  does  not  prove  its 
genuineness  ;  otherwise,  what  is  to  become 
of  the  many  accepted  corrections  of  the 
Folio  text  ?  The  "  New  Variorum  "  editor 
himself  at  times  praises  an  emendation, 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


425 


as  in  the  case  of  Capell's  vile,  for  "  wilde  " 
of  the  Folio  (V.  ii.  369),  where  he  says : 
"  'Wild  '  seems,  I  think,  too  weak  in  Char- 
mian's  mouth,  in  comparison  with  vile" 
In-line  with  his  criticism  of  Spedding,  does 
not  Furness  seem  to  forget  that  he  is  exalt- 
ing not  Shakespeare,  but  Capell  ?  Spedding 
accepts  the  burden  of  proof,  and  tries  to 
show  that  autumn  is  a  strong  word  in  com- 
parison with  the  weak  "  Anthony  "  of  the 
Folio,  and  it  seems  to  me  that,  in  all  fairness, 
his  argument  deserves  to  be  considered  on 
its  merits. 

Theobald's  emendation  appears  to  be 
objected  to  by  Furness  mainly  as  seconding 
Corson  (The  Nation,  28  Aug.,  1873  ;  quoted 
by  Spedding  in  *  N.  &  Q.'),  who  observes, 
"  It  could  hardly  be  said  that  an  autumn 
grows  the  more  by  reaping,"  &c. — this  in 
reply  to  Theobald's  "  How  could  an  Antony 
grow  the  more  by  reaping  ?  "  It  may  be 
admitted  that  each  contestant  is  correct. 
We  are  concerned  only  with  the  fact  that 
the  poet  says  Antony's  bounty  was  such 
that  it  transcended  the  usual  limitations 
of  something  (an  "  Anthony  "  or  an  autumn} 
that  was  harvested,  since  it  "  grew  the  more" 
by  reaping.  While  making  the  comparison, 
the  poet  expressly  states  the  exception,  thus 
allowing  the  simile  to  carry  its  own  modifica- 
tion. We  do  not  repudiate  the  other  figures 
in  this  passage,  and  say  :  "  How  could  it 
be  that  Antony's  legs  bestrid  the  ocean  ?  " 
&  c.  Had  not  the  compositor' s  reader  nodded 
when  he  came  to"  autumn  "  in  the  original, 
we  can  believe  there  would  have  been  no 
objecting  voice. 

To  retain  the  misprint  "  Anthony,"  we 
are  forced  into  the  position  of  stating  tamely 
and  illogically  that  "  his  [Antony's]  bounty 
...  .an  Antony  it  was,"  by  which  a  part 
is  accepted  as  being  equal  to  the  whole. 
Antony's  other  qualities  and  achievements 
find  adequate  description ;  why  not  his 
bounty  ?  Is  the  latter  to  be  considered 
the  indescribable  sum-total  of  the  man, 
which,  in  despair  of  any  fitting  term,  must 
be  called  "  an  Antony "  ?  Furness  says 
that,  in  the  absence  of  a  happier  emendation 
than  autumn,  he  will  endeavour,  for  himself, 
"to  extract  from  '  Anthony  '  what  meaning 
I  may  of  inexhaustible  perfection  in  face, 
in  form,  in  voice,  in  bounty "  ;  but,  as 
shown,  the  Folio  text  does  not  require  him 
to  extract  such  meaning. from  "  Anthony  " 
except  in  the  case  of  "  bounty,"  which 
makes  the  reading  "  Anthony  "  all  the  more 
suspicious. 

In  view  of  the  plausible  origin  of  the 
reader's  mistake,  the  evidently  intended 


contrast  with  "  winter,"  the  associated 
idea  of  "  reaping,"  the  exquisite  image  of 
bounty  gained  by  admitting  the  proposed 
emendation,  and  the  weakness  of  the  Folio 
reading,  whereby  Antony's  bounty  alone 
is  said  to  be  an  Antony  to  the  exclusion 
of  his  other  qualities  referred  to,  I  cannot 
see  on  what  grounds  we  should  be  justified 
in  rejecting  autumn.  E.  MERTON  DEY. 
St.  Louis. 

'  THE  OLD-TIME  PARSON.' — I  thank  you 
for  your  kind  review  of  my  book  (ante,  p.  359). 
The  volume  is  not  one  of  the  series  of 
"  Antiquary's  Books,"  and  was  written 
in  accordance  with  the  directions  of  the 
publishers,  who  wished  me  to  combine 
instruction  with  humour,  and  not  to  be  too 
severely  historical.  As  I  stated  in  the  pre- 
face, the  book  makes  no  pretension  to  be  a 
complete  and  regular  history  of  the  clerical 
office.  I  find  it  somewhat  difficult  to  dis- 
cover in  some  cases  the  original  author  of 
a  story.  Magee  was  credited  with  the 
"  tomtit  "  saying,  but  I  had  already  been 
informed  that  John  Gregg,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Cork,  uttered  the  saying  with 
regard  to  a  sermon  of  his  predecessor  Fitz- 
gerald. Wilberforce's  "  the  devil  is  dead  " 
story  is  a  century  or  two  earlier  than  his 
time  ;  but  there  is  little  doubt  that  he  used 
it.  I  am  obliged  to  the  reviewer  for  his- 
correction  of  one  misprint.  I  have  no  doubt 
there  are  others.  I  did  not  say  that  ton 
was  the  old  English  form  of  "  town,"  and 
expressly  stated  that  Chaucer's  "  parson 
of  a  town  "  was  the  vicar  of  a  village.  The 
whole  subject  is,  of  course,  discussed  in 
'  Words  and  Places  ' — ton,  the  rudely  forti- 
fied homestead,  then  the  nucleus  of  a  village, 
and  finally  what  we  understand  by  a  town. 
Perhaps  new  theories  have  upset  this  notion  ; 
if  so,  I  should  be  glad  to  learn.  Does  the 
reviewer  maintain  that  "  sidesman  "  is  not 
a  contracted  form  of  "  synod's  man "  ? 
If  so,  he  is  opposed  to  the  leading  authorities,. 
e.g.,  Sir  Walter  Phillimore  ;  or  does  he 
quarrel  only  with  my  use  of  the  word  "  cor- 
ruption "  ?  If  he  will  refer  to  the  last  line 
in  the  book,  he  will  see  that  it  is  part  of  a 
quotation  from  Fuller.  "  Clerus  Britannise 
gloria  mundi  "  is  certainly  correct,  and  it 
will  be  found  in  Fuller's  '  Worthies  ' — not 
"  stupor,"  as  the  reviewer  incorrectly  states. 

P.    H.    DlTCHFIELD. 

PALL  MALL,  No.  93. — MB,  MACMICHAEL 
states  (ante,  p.  336),  in  connexion  with  "  The 
Star  and  Garter  Tavern,"  Pall  Mall,  that 
No.  93  had  "  been  Evans's,  and  later 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im. 


Sotheby's,  the  book-auctioneer's."  The 
place  never  was  Sotheby's.  The  only  ex- 
planation I  can  suggest  for  the  confusion 
is  that  in  1846  the  William  Upcott  Sale  was 
placed  in  the  hands  of,  and  catalogued  for 
«ale  by,  the  Evanses  (R.  H.,  T.,  and  C. 
Evans);  but  before  the  sale  actually  took 
place  the  Evanses  found  themselves  in 
financial  difficulties,  and  Messrs.  Sotheby 
&  Wilkinson  were  asked  to  carry  out  the  sale 
by  auction ;  but  whether  this  took  place 
on  Evans's  premises  or  on  Sotheby's  I  cannot 
At-  this  moment  state.  W.  ROBERTS. 

SIB  ARTHUR  LEARY  PIGOTT. — As  the 
biographies  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  are  being  re- 
vised, it  might  be  well  to  clear  up  some  points 
in  the  life  of  Sir  Arthur  Leary  Pigott, 
Attorney-General  of  England  in  "  All  the 
Talents  "  ministry. 

The  '  D.N.B.'  states  that  Pigott  was  born 
in  1752,  and  matriculated  at  University 
College.  This  conflicts  with  the  statement 
in  Foster's  'Alumni  Oxonienses '  that  he 
matriculated  at  Trinity.  That  Foster  is 
correct  is  proved  by  the  following  extract 
from  the  Register,  for  which  I  am  indebted 
to  Mr.  Falconer  Madan  : — 

Termino  Su  Michaelis  1778 

Coll.  Trhi.  17mo  [Oct.].    Arthurus  Piggot 

26  Joannis  de  insula  Barbadoes 

Arm.  F. 

This  entry  as  to  age  agrees  with  the  year 
of  birth  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  On  the  other  hand, 
there  is  the  following  entry  in  the  Register 
of  Baptisms  for  St.  Michael's  Parish,  Bar- 
bados, kindly  copied  for  me  by  Mr.  Goulburn 
Sinckler,  a  stipendiary  magistrate  of  that 
colony  : — 

"1749,  October  29.  Arthur  Leary,  son  o  John 
and  Jane  Pigott,  born  19th." 

The  record  of  Pigott' s  admission  to  the 
Middle  Temple  (for  which  I  am  indebted 
to  Mr.  Hoskins  of  the  Treasurer's  office  of 
that  Inn)  says  : — 

"Arthur  Leary  Piggott,  eldest  son  of  John 
Piggott  of  George's  Town,  Grenada,  America,  Esq., 
Admitted,  17th  August,  1767." 

If  Pigott  was  born  in  1752,  he  would  have 
been  only  fifteen  when  admitted.  The 
description  of  the  father  as  "of  George's 
Town,  Grenada,"  denotes  that  he  had  settled 
in  Grenada  (of  which  the  capital  is  St. 
George's),  after  the  cession  of  that  island 
to  Britain,  by  France,  in  1763.  Ought  there 
not  to  be  some  record  of  Pigott' s  call  to  the 
Bar  ?  It  might  contain  a  statement  of  his 
age  at  the  date  of  that  event. 

It  is  said  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  and  in  several 
other  biographies  of  Pigott,  that  he  at  one 


time  held  the  office  of  Attorney-General 
of  the  Island  of  Grenada.  Having  searched 
in  vain  among  the  records  of  "  Grants  and 
Warrants"  (Colonial  Office),  at  the  Public 
Record  Office,  and  elsewhere,  for  a  record 
of  Pigott' s  appointment  to  that  position, 
I  think  it  probable  that  he  may  have 
held  the  office  temporarily,  during  a  vacancy 
by  death  or  otherwise,  of  a  substantive 
holder  of  the  appointment. 

In  various  biographies  Pigott  is  stated 
to  have  been  appointed  a  King's  Counsel 
in  1783.  An  examination  of  the  Patent  Rolls 
of  that  year  shows,  not  that  Pigott  was 
appointed  a  K.C.,  but  that  he  was  given  a 
patent  of  precedence  at  the  Bar. 

N.  DARNELL  DAVIS. 
Royal  Colonial  Institute, 

Northumberland  Avenue,  S.W. 

HENRY  HALLIWELL,  B.D. — I  have  no  wish 
to  start  another  supplementary  list  of  omis- 
sions for  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
graphy,' but  I  think  the  subject  of  this 
note  might  well  have  been  included  in  its 
pages. 

Henry  Halliwell  (1765-1835)  was  the  son 
of  the  Rev.  William  Halliwell,  the  head 
master  of  the  ancient  Grammar  School  of 
Burnley  in  Lancashire,  and  incumbent  of 
the  parochial  chapel  of  Holme.  He  was 
born  at  Burnley  in  August,  1765,  and  after 
receiving  a  few  years'  education  in  his 
father's  school  he  was  sent  to  the  even  then 
noted  Manchester  School,  and  proceeded 
to  Brasenose  College,  where  he  matriculated 
18  Jan.,  1783,  and  on  10  Oct.,  1787,  was 
nominated  Hulmian  Exhibitioner.  He  pro- 
ceeded M.A.  in  1789,  and  B.D.  in  1803. 
In  1790  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  his 
college,  and  six  years  afterwards  was  ap- 
pointed Dean  and  Hebrew  Lecturer.  He 
was  also  a  Fellow  of  the  Collegiate  Church 
of  Manchester.  In  1803  he  was  presented 
by  Brasenose  College  to  the  rectory  of 
Clayton-cum-Keymer  in  Sussex.  He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Mr.  Carlile  of 
Bolton-le-Moors,  having  previously  suffered 
a  disappointment  at  the  hands  of  a  lady 
who,  after  jilting  him,  married  her  footman. 
The  epigram  on  this  double  event  written 
by  Reginald  Heber  was  quoted  at  1  S.  vii. 
270. 

Henry  Halliwell,  owing  to  a  slight  lame- 
ness, obtained  the  sobriquet  of  Dr.  Toe. 
He  was  a  learned  Hebrew  scholar,  and  edited 
five  books  of  Falconer's  edition  of  Strabo, 
and  the  following  item  occurs  in  the  sale 
catalogue  of  his  library  :  "  Strabo' s  Geo- 
graphy, Greek  and  Latin,  and  manuscript 
Translation  by  the  late  Rev.  H.  Halliwell." 


s.  x.  NOV.  28, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


427 


Halliwell  was  the  subject  of  '  The  Whip- 
piad '  (also  by  Heber),  which  appeared  in 
Blackwood's  Magazine  in  July,  1843,  and 
is  referred  to  at  1  S.  vii.  393.  He  died  at 
Oayton,  15  Jan.,  1835,  in  his  seventieth 
year,  and  left  no  issue.  His  only  sister 
married  my  grandfather,  James  Fishwick 
of  Burnley.  HENRY  FISHWICK. 

4  THE  KNIGHT  OF  THE  BURNING  PESTLE,' 
BY  BEAUMONT  AND  FLETCHER. — In  his  edi- 
tion of  this  play  ("Temple  Dramatists 
Series,"  1898)  Prof.  Moorman  suggests  that 
the  title  is  taken  from  that  of  a  play  per- 
formed at  Court  in  1579,  '  The  Historic  of 
the  Knight  in  the  Burning  Rock.'  I  would 
suggest  that  it  is  rather  a  parody  of  a  title 
attached  in  the  romances  to  Amadis  of 
Greece — "  the  Knight  of  the  Burning  Sword." 
Cp.  '  Don  Quixote,'  cap.  xviii.  :  "  La  ven- 
tura  aquella  de  Amadis  quando  se  llamaba 
El  cabellero  de  la  Ardicnte  Eapada"  The 
title  appears  in  editions  of  '  Amadis  de 
Grecia,'  or  the  '  Ninth  Book  of  Amadis.' 
published  at  Burgos  1535,  and  at  Seville 
1542,  at  Paris  1550,  at  Venice  1557  and 
1629,  at  Lisbon  1596,  and  at  London  1694 
( '  The ....  History  of ....  Amadis  of  Greece, 
surnam'd  the  Knight  of  the  Burning  Sword ' ). 
See  Duffield's  translation  of  '  Don  Quixote,' 
i.  p.  Ixxiv,  and  British  Museum  Catalogue. 
G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 
Sheffield. 

JOHNSON  ANECDOTE. — The  following  para- 
graph appeared  in  The  Public  Advertiser 
on  23  April,  1776  :— 

"  As  Dr.  Johnson  and  Mr.  Boswell  were  riding 
upon  the  Western  Road  they  observed  written  up 
over  a  shop  :  '  Girdles  for  the  Itch  and  all  Scurvy 
•disorders.'  Upon  which  the  Doctor  observed  with 
his  usual  Politeness  and  Humour — '  Boswell,  if 
that  Man  would  advertise  his  Medicine  upon  the 
Northern  Road  he  would  make  his  fortune  and  do 
great  Service  to  your  Countrymen.'" 

At  this  date  the  bad  example  of  The  Morning 
Post  had  begun  to  infect  Mr.  Woodf all's  news- 
paper, i  HORACE  BLEACKLET. 

T'  GRISBET." — Sir  George  Birdwood,  in  a 
letter  to  The  Times  of  9  November  on  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt's  use  of  the  word  "  frazzle," 
mentions  among  other  alleged  cognates  of 
the  American  word  '  *  the  homely  grisbet 
of  Somersetshire,  a  wrinkled  or  drawn  (by 
bodily  suffering)  face."  I  draw  attention 
to  this  word  because  it  does  not  occur  pre- 
cisely in  this  sense  in  '  E.D.D.'  It  is  doubt- 
less the  same  word  as  the  Somerset  grizbite 
(or  grisbet),  a  verb  denned  by  *  E.D.D.'  thus  : 
"'  to  grind  and  gnash  with  the  teeth,  to 
make  a  wry  face."  This  is  a  Wessex  survival 
of  O.E.  gristbitian,  to  gnash  the  teeth,  a 


word  of  frequent  occurrence  in  old  versions 
of  the  Bible,  in  the  Psalms  and  in  the  Lin- 
disfarne  Gospels.  For  citations  see  Bos- 
worth-Toller  (s.v.).  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

TOBACCONISTS'  HERALDRY. — I  found  a 
choice  addition  to  the  heraldic  vocabulary 
on  a  card  in  a  packet  of  cigarettes,  describing 
the  Salford  arms :  "  Above  is  shown  a 
corded  bale  between  two  mill-winds ....  The 
wolf  is  *  charged '  with  a  mill-wind."  It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  what  the 
blazoner  supposed  a  "  mill- wind  "  to  be. 
Q.  V. 

(g  turns. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  PARADIGM  A." — I  remember  that,  some 
fifty  years  ago,  my  schoolmaster,  who  was 
a  Cambridge  Wrangler,  and,  I  believe,  a 
fair  classical  scholar,  was  accustomed  to 
use  this  word,  not  in  the  sense  in  which  it 
is  ordinarily  found  in  grammars,  but  as  a 
name  for  the  list  of  the  "  principal  parts  " 
of  a  Greek  verb.  When  he  directed  us  to 
write  out,  for  instance,  the  "  paradigma  " 
of  AeiVw,  what  we  were  expected  to  give  was 
the  series  "  A.e/7rw,  Acii/'u),  cAiTrov,  AeAotTra." 
I  should  like  to  know  whether  this  curious 
misuse  of  the  grammatical  term  was  due 
to  an  individual  misapprehension,  or  whether 
it  was  really  current  among  Cambridge  men 
of  a  former  generation.  H.  B. 

'  LETTERS  LEFT  AT  THE  PASTRY-COOK'S.' — 
Can  any  reader  give  the  name  of  .the  author 
of  this  work,  published  about  1850  ? 

W.  GEISENDORFER. 

Spohrstr.  40,  Frankfurt-a-M. 

WILLIAM  WEATHERHEAD  :  PORTRAIT  AS 
A  CHILD. — I  have  a  portrait  of  the  above, 
as  a  child,  of  undeniable  merit.  In  faint 
lettering  on  the  back  is  written  "  William 
Weatherhead  bought  at  Eriswell  1792." 
The  probabilities  point  to  this  being  an 
early  work  of  Gainsborough's,  as  he  was 
constantly  painting  children  in  the  district 
between  1750  and  1760.  It  might  elucidate 
the  history  of  the  picture  if  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents could  trace  the  subject  of  the 
portrait  and  inform  me  as  to  his  parentage. 
The  Weatherheads  are  a  well-known  family 
in  Suffolk,  I  believe,  and  it  would  be  interest- 
ing to  know  how  such  a  portrait  came  under 
the  hammer.  I  am  the  more  interested  in 
that  one  of  the  family  had  property  in  this 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im 


parish,  which  passed  temporarily  into  my 
hands.  One  became  vicar  of  Sedgeford 
(1838),  and  one  vicar  of  the  adjoining  parish 
of  Heacham.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

Sedgeford  Hall,  Norfolk. 

AMERICAN  NAVAL  STORY,  1814.  —  I  re- 
member reading,  when  a  boy  in  the  sixties, 
an  American  naval  story  for  boys.  The 
scene  was  laid  at  the  time  of  the  war  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  in 
1814.  The  name  of  the  heroine  was  Ella, 
with  whom  two  young  American  naval 
officers  were  in  love  ;  and  the  villain  of 
the  piece  was  an  English  naval  officer. 
Can  any  of  your  readers,  either  in  Great 
Britain  or  the  United  States,  give  me 
the  name  of  the  story  ?  W.  T  —  L. 

JACQUES  BABIN,  EX-NOBLE.  —  I  have  this 
person's  death  warrant,  signed  by  Fouquier- 
Tinville.  It  is  dated  either  12  or  17  Plu- 
viose,  "  Fan  Second  de  la  Republique  Fran- 


Where  can  I  find  an  account  of  him  and  of 
his  trial  and  execution  ?  JERMYN. 

DETACHED  PARTS  OF  COUNTIES  AND 
TOWNSHIPS.  —  Where  can  I  find  the  reasons 
explained  why  certain  portions  of  our  English 
counties  (and  also  Scotch  and  Irish)  are 
detached  from  the  general  body  of  the  county 
and  placed  in  other  counties  ?  For  example, 
there  are  (or  were)  'parts  of  Caernarvonshire 
and  Flintshire  surrounded  by  Denbighshire, 
aud  a  part  of  Staffordshire  surrounded  by 
Worcestershire.  Reference  is  sought  to 
other  instances,  and  to  cases  where  parts  of 
townships  are  detached  in  like  manner. 
Please  reply  direct. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

[Much  on  the  question  of  detached  portions  of 
counties  will  be  found  at  6  S.  i.  177,  306;  ii.  98.  297, 
477;  iii.  293,  455;  iv.  17,  196,  295.  See  also  'Ely 
Place,  Holborn,  technically  a  Part  of  Cambridge- 
shire/ 9  S.  vi.  284,  311  ] 

TYNG  OR  TING  OF  DUNSTABLE.  —  William 
and  Edward  Tyng  (or  Ting),  said  to  have 
been  brothers,  and  natives  of  Dunstable, 
in  Bedfordshire,  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  William 
was  for  several  years  Treasurer  of  the  Pro- 
vince, and  died  in  1653,  leaving  daughters, 
but  no  son.  Among  his  descendants  was 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  author  of  '  The 
Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table,'  and  father 
of  Judge  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  of  the  U.S. 
Supreme  Court. 

Edward  Tyng  was  the  founder  of  Dun- 
stable,  Mass.,  and  left  a  numerous  posterity, 


but  the  family  name  in  this  country  is 
extinct,  except  as  it  is  borne  by  the  de- 
scendants of  Dudley  Atkins  Tyng,  who  wa& 
descended  from  Edward  Tyng's  daughter 
Rebecca,  wife  of  Governor  Joseph  Dudley,, 
and  assumed  the  name  of  Tyng  at  the  request 
of  a  wealthy  kinswoman,  who  left  him  a 
large  landed  property  in  the  American  Dun- 
stable. 

In  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  cen- 
turies the  Tyng  family  was  of  the  highest 
respectability  and  influence  in  New  England. 
If  there  are  representatives  of  the  name  or 
connexion  still  left  in  the  Mother  Country,. 
I  shall  be  pleased  to  correspond  with  them. 

F.  M.  RAY. 

191,  Middle  Street,  Portland,  Maine. 

AUTHORS  or  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — Can 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  where  I  can 
find  a  short  poem  beginning 

Is  he  gone  to  a  land  of  no  laughter  ; 

This  man  who  made  mirth  tor  us  all  ? 
I  believe  that  the  poem  consists  of  three 
verses  of  some  five  or  six  lines  each. 

(Mrs.)  FLORENCE  G.  MONTEFIORE. 

Lose  this  day  loitering, 
'Tis  the  same  to-morrow, 
And  the  next  more  dilatory. 
What  you  can  do  or  think  you  can, 
Begin  it — Courage  has  genius, 
Energy,  and  promptness  in  it. 

E.  F.  D. 

SURNAMES  IN  -ENG. — Can  any  one  inform 
me  whether  there  is  any  English  surname 
besides  my  own  having  the  termination 
-eng  ?  D.  C.  LENG. 

Magdalen  College,  Oxford. 

INDIAN  MAGIC. — I  was  the  guest  of  my 
brother,  who  is  a  tea-planter  at  Titabmv 
Assam,  in  February,  1907,  and  I  venture 
to  take  the  following  from  a  privately  printed 
book  by  myself  entitled  '  Winter  Days  in 
India  and  Elsewhere,'  because  I  should  like 
to  know  something  more  about  the  land 
of  magic  : — 

"  One  day  a  conjuror  performed  in  front  of  the 
verandah.  As  one  of  Robert's  house  ^servants  after- 
wards said,  'it  was  true  magic.'  To  learn  such 
magic  one  goes  to  the  country  of  Gora,  where  there 
are  no  men,  only  women  :  men  who  go  there  become 
sheep  during  the  day,  and  at  night  they  learn  magic. 
They  cannot  get  away,  because  if  they  start  in  the 
night  they  always  find  in  the  morning  that  they  are 
where  they  were  when  they  started.  But  if  they  go- 
to a  very,  very  old  woman  she  may  help  them  to- 
escape,  and  then  they  become  conjurors  in  India. 
However,  our  conjuror  yesterday  made  no  fairy-tale 
claims.  He  professed  to  come  from  Agra.  He  did 
the  mango  tree  trick  very  cleverly  indeed,  and 
made  a  little  duck  of  clay  move  about  in  a  bowl  of 
water  to  his  command  ;  extracted  large  iron  balls 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  i908.j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


from  his  mouth,  apparently  created  three  pigeon 
on  the  spot,  and  did  many  other  wonderfu 
things."— P.  39. 

I  have  consulted  Mr.  Crooke's  excellen 
'  Popular  Religion  and  Folk-lore  of  Northeri 
India,'  1896,  but  it  does  not  help  me  as 
to  the  country  of  Gora  or  the  transformation 
into  sheep.  He  remarks,  however  (vol.  i 
p.  163),  that  there  is  some  reason  to  believ 
that  the  sheep  was  a  sacred  animal. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 
Ramoyle,  Dowanhill,  Glasgow. 

ARMS  OF  MARRIED  WOMEN. — During  i 
severe  illness  which  overtook  me  some  time 
ago  I  must  have  failed  to  study  my  '  N.  &  Q. 
with  proper  care,  for,  on  looking  through 
some  back  volumes,  I  have  found  severa" 
points  which  escaped  my  attention. 

In  the  recent  discussion  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  the 
arms  of  married  women  (10  S;  ix.  290 
x.  197)  the  following  cases  appear  to  have 
been  overlooked.  When  an  armiger  is 
knight  of  an  order  he  is  entitled  to  suspend 
the  badge  of  the  order  below  his  shield. 
In  such  a  case  the  arms  of  the  wife  are  not 
impaled  with  those  of  the  husband,  but  are 
borne  on  a  separate  shield,  the  theory  being, 
so  far  as  I  understand,  that  the  wife,  not 
being  of  the  order,  cannot  share  in  the 
honours  of  the  badge.  I  have  the  book- 
plate of  my  kinsman  the  late  Sir  Richard 
Temple.  His  arms  are  on  a  shield  encircled 
by  the  collar  of  the  Order  of  the  Star  of 
India.  Consequently  the  arms  of  Lady 
Temple  (Lindsay,  Earls  of  Crawford  and 
Balcarres)  are  shown  on  a  separate  shield. 
In  this  case  the  wife  is  also  a  member  of 
an  order,  and  the  badge  of  the  Order  of  the 
Crown  of  India  is  suspended  below  her  arms. 
Now  the  following  case  might  well  occur. 
The  husband  might  not  be  a  member  of 
an  order  of  knighthood,  but  the  wife  a 
member  of,  say,  the  Order  of  Victoria  and 
Albert.  In  such  a  case  how  should  the  arms 
of  the  pair  be  shown  ?  Presumably,  the 
husband's  coat  should  not  share  in  the 
honours  of  the  badge  to  which  the  wife's 
arms  are  entitled  ;  so  should  his  arms  be  borne 
on  a  shield  separate  from  that  of  his  wife  ? 

Will  some  one  learned  in  heraldry  pro- 
nounce whether  the  above  view  is  correct 
or  not  ?  J.  H.  KIVETT-CARNAC. 

Schloss  Rothberg,  Switzerland. 

SHAKESPEARE  VISITORS'  BOOK. — I  should 
be  glad  to  know  where  this  is  now  to  be 
found,  and  whether  it  is  accessible  to 
strangers.  In  1812  Mrs.  Mary  Hornby  was 
living  as  a  tenant  in  Shakspeare's  Birthplace, 
and  she  provided  a  Visitors'  Book  in  which 


the  numerous  callers  might  enter  their  names. 
In  1820,  the  rent  being  raised,  she  removed 
to  23,  High  Street,  Stratford,  taking  the 
Visitors'  Book  with  her.  On  her  death 
it  continued  in  the  family,  and  came  into 
the  possession  of  Mrs.  James,  her  grand- 
daughter, who  lived  in  that  house.  It  was 
there  that  I  saw  it  in  1889  ;  and  it  continued 
there  until  1893,  when  Mrs.  James  died. 
It  then  came  into  the  possession  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Hornby,  who  removed  the  relics 
(and,  it  is  concluded,  the  Visitors'  Book 
also)  to  Kingsthorpe,  near  Northampton 
(Graphic,  1  April,  1893).  Since  then  Mr. 
Hornby  has  also  died. 

The  Shakespeare  Visitors'  Book  consists 
of  three  quarto  volumes,  and  contains 
thousands  of  autographs  of  all  classes  and 
nationalities,  many  of  very  illustrious  per- 
sonages, though  the  only  ones  I  made^a 
note  of  were  the  following:  George  IV., 
the  .Duke  of  Clarence,  Louis  Philippe,  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  (1815),  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
Lord  Byron  (1821),  Charles  Kean,  Maria 
Edgeworth,  Sarah  Siddons,  Lockhart, 
Thomas  Moore,  James  Hogg,  A.  Opie, 
Agnes  and  Joanna  Baillie  (1814),  George 
"fimaldi,  Stacey  Grimaldi,  and  William 
Grimaldi  (1812).  The  register  also  contains 
many  little  poems  and  epigrams  worth 
publishing,  two  specimens  of  which  are 
printed  by  Beeton  ('  Shakspeare  Memorial,* 
1864,  p.  15). 

It  would  be  a  great  pity  if  such  a  singular 
record  should  be  lost,  and  certainly  the  most 
appropriate  resting-place  would  be  the 
Memorial  Hall,  Stratford.  D.  J. 

BISHOP  SAMPSON  OF  LICHFIELD. — Can  any 
reader  give  me  the  parentage  of  Richard 
Sampson,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  and  after- 
wards of  Lichfield  (1546),  and  the  names  of 
lis  wife  and  children  ? 

WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 
Manor  House,  Dundrum,  co.  Down. 

NORTH  BUNG  AY  FENCIBLES. — When  I 
vas  a  lad  at  the  Launceston  Grammar 
School  I  took  the  part  at  the  annual  Christ- 
mas recitations  of  the  drill-sergeant  ^in  a 
kit  upon  the  old-time  militia  called  '  The 
^orth  Bungay  Fencibles,'  in  which  I  had 
o  sing 

Brave  militia  !    Muster,  folk  ! 
Friends  and  neighbours, 
Glory's  labours 
Call  upon  us,  'tis  no  joke, 

So  bring  your  guns  and  sabres. 
And,  if  arms  you  have  not  got. 
Bring  your  pitchforks  and  what  not ; 
Umbrellas,  my  good  fellows, 
Beanstalks,  fishing-rods,  I  wot. 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im 


I  have  since  noted  that  Thackeray,  in 
'  Stubbs's  Calendar,'  writes  that  the  "very 
sorry  hero  in  1796  "  was  voted  the  boldest 
chap  in  all  the  bold  North  Bungays,"  later 
referred  to  as  "the  North  BungayFencibles," 
and  remarked  upon  as  a  "  regiment  not 
very  brave  itself — being  only  militia."  Who 
were  "  the  North  Bungay  Fencibles,"  thus 
in  such  various  directions  satirized  ? 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

BELL  CUSTOMS  AT  SIBSON,  LEICESTER- 
SHIRE.— Can  any  one  give  a  satisfactory 
explanation  of  the  bell  customs  in  this  and 
neighbouring  villages  ? 

1.  The   Curfew   rings   at    8    o'clock   from 
5  November  to  10  March,  except  on  Satur- 
days, when  it  rings  at  7.     Why  these  dates, 
and  the  change  of  time  ? 

2.  A  bell  rings  on  Sundays  at  7,  and    8 
A.M.,    independently    of    times    of    servi  -\ 
If  the  8  o'clock  bell  is  the  old  Mass  bell, 
why    was    it    not    discontinued    when    the 
service   was    dropped  ?     And    what    is    the 
bell  at  7  o'clock  ?     LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 

Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

'  LIGHTS  IN  LYRICS.' — Is  the  anonymous 
author  known  of  "  Lights  in  Lyrics  ;  or, 
A  Glance  at  the  Channel  Lights  as  piloting 
marks  on  a  run  from  Scilly  to  the  Nore  : 
accompanied  by  a  parting  precept  on  Com- 
pass Deviation,  addressed  to  all  younger 
mariners,  London,  1859  "  ?  The  work  con- 
sists of  104  eight-line  verses,  with  14  six- 
line  verses  on  '  Compass  Deviation,'  and 
the  author  truly  says  in  his  prefatory  remarks 
that  "it  is  not  usual  to  find  the  pilot's 
tactics  dressed  in  verse."  W.  B.  H. 

YEW  TREES  BY  ACT  OF  PARLIAMENT. — 
It  is  frequently  stated  that  under  Richard  III. 
(1483)  an  Act  was  passed  ordering  a  general 
planting  of  yew  trees  for  the  purposes  of 
archery.  Can  any  reader  give  the  authority 
for  this  assertion  ?  Such  an  Act  does  not 
appear  in  '  Statutes  of  the  Realm,'  although 
there  is  a  law,  dated  1483,  dealing  with  the 
importation  of  bow  staves.  Again,  in  his 
*  Yew  Trees  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  ' 
(1897),  Dr.  J.  Lowe  says  that  during  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth  the  yew  was  ordered  to 
be  planted  in  churchyards.  I  cannot  find 
this  statute  in  any  book  of  reference.  Is 
it  possible  that,  instead  of  an  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, an  ecclesiastical  decree  is  meant  ? 

TAXUS. 

THE  KENT,  EAST  INDIAMAN.— The  above 
ship  was  lost  by  fire  on  1  March,  1825, 
having  then  on  board  a  large  part  of  the 
31st  Regiment,  commanded  by  Lieut. -Col 


Fesmon,  and  about  twenty  private  passen- 
gers. Most  of  these  were  saved  by  Capt. 
William  Cook  of  the  Cambria,  and  landed 
him  at  Falmouth  three  days  later. 
Can  any  reader  supply  me  with  a  list  of 
the  officers  and  passengers  ?  A  Falmouth 
paper  might  help.  H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 

East  Boldon,  Durham. 

WlLBRAHAM    AND    TABRAHAM   AS    PROPER 

NAMES. — How  are  these  severally  accounted 

for  ?  WlLBRAHAM    PLACE. 

COCKBURNSPATH. — I  should  be  pleased 
to  learn  the  reason  why  the  name  of  this 
small  town  of  1,500  inhabitants  in  Berwick- 
shire, which  according  to  Lowland  Scotch 
pronunciation  ought  to  be  called  "  Co' burn's 
Path,"  is  rendered  locally  as  "  Coppersmith." 

N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 


THE      TYBURN. 

(10  S.  x.  341.) 

COL.  PRIDEAUX'S  suggestion  that  the  name 
Tyburn  originally  denoted  the  manor  lying 
between  two  brooks  is  ingenious  and  inte- 
resting, but  before  it  can  be  accepted  one 
or  two  points  will  have  to  be  cleared  up. 
In  the  first  place,  one  would  desire  the 
opinion  of  some  eminent  Old  English  scholar, 
such  as  Prof.  Skeat,  as  to  its  philological 
probability.  I  cannot  find  any  other  word 
in  which  phonetic  changes  similar  to  those 
suggested  by  COL.  PRIDEAUX  have  taken 
place.  The  names  commencing  with  '  'tweo" 
or  "  twi  "  have  generally  persisted  in  that 
form,  like  Twyford  and  Twineham ;  and 
I  do  not  know  of  any  example  of  the  word 
Tyburn  being  spelt  with  a  w,  except  the 
passage  in  Maitland  quoted  by  COL.  PRI- 
DEAUX. 

Another  question  which  suggests  itself  is 
whether,  assuming  the  etymology  to  be 
"  Tvvyburn,"  the  name  would  not  rather 
denote  a  "  twofold "  or  "  two-forked " 
stream  than  the  land  between  two  com- 
paratively distant  streams. 

Another  difficulty  in  accepting  COL. 
PRIDEAUX'S  suggestion  is  the  following : 
If  the  name  Tyburn  originally  denoted  a 
manor  (including  the  whole  of  the  land 
between  the  so-called  Westbourne  and 
Tyburn  brooks),  which  was  subsequently 
cut  up  into  separate  manors,  it  is  remarkable 
that  the  reduced  manor  of  Tyburn,  which 
in  its  latest  and  least  extent  is  synonymous 
with  "  Mary  bone,"  should  lie  wholly,  ^  or 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


almost  wholly,  to  the  east  of  the  Tyburn 
Brook,  and  could  therefore  not  be"  pro- 
perly included  in  the  original  manor. 

I 'think  COL.  PRIDEAUX  is  in  error  in 
saying  that  no  one  called  the  brook  the 
Tyburn  "  until  the  nineteenth  century  was 
well  on  its  way  to  maturity."  There  are 
two  MS.  plans  in  the  Grace  Collection  at  the 
British  Museum,  dated  1732  and  made  by 
J.  Hanway,  jun.,  in  which  the  brook  is 
marked  "  Tybourn  "  and  "  Ty-bourii " 
(portfolio  xiv.  22,  26). 

There  are  one  or  two  other  statements 
in  COL.  PRIDE AUX'S  paper  to  which  I  should 
like  to  draw  attention,  lest  their  appear- 
ance on  his  authority  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  should 
cause  them  to  be  accepted  hereafter  without 
question. 

He  speaks  of  the  charter  of  King  Edgar 
of  951  as  dealing  with  about  600  acres~of  land. 
It  would  be  better  to  say  that  it  deals  with 
5  hides.  In  view  of  the  difference  of  opinion 
that  exists  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"  hide "  and  its  equivalence  in  acreage, 
it  is  not  safe  to  assume  that  the  grant  in 
question  contained  600  acres.  In  fact,  if 
it  was  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Tyburn 
stream,  or  by  what  is  the  same  thing  here, 
viz.,  COL.  PRIDE  AUX'S  original  Tyburn 
Manor,  and  if  it  was  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Oxford  Street  and  Holborn,  and  if  the 
old  wooden  church  of  St.  Andrew  was  any- 
where near  the  present  church  of  St.  Andrew, 
Holborn,  then  the  acreage  would  be  more 
than  double  that  suggested  by  COL.  PRI- 
DEAUX.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted that  the  extent  of  the  land  included 
in  this  grant  is  at  present  quite  obscure. 
The  only  thing  certain  about  it  is  that  it 
was  adjacent  to  the  Thames  on  one  of  its 
sides. 

Again,  is  it  safe  to  assume  that  the  "  Ee  " 
or  "  Ey,"  quoted  by  Ducange  sub  voce 
"  Fleta,"  had  anv  necessary  reference  to  the 
"  Ee "  or  "  Eye "  in  Middlesex  ?  On 
reference  to  Spelman  I  find  that  Ducange, 
as  quoted  by  COL.  PRIDEAUX,  has  somewhat 
abbreviated  the  quotation,  which  should 
run  as  follows  :  "  (dicta  terra)  extendit 
se  in  longitudine  a  communi  via  de  M. 
versus  aquilonem ;  usque  ad  fletam  de 
Ee  versus  austrum." 

May  I  ask  what  is  the  authority  for  COL. 
PRIDE  AUX'S  statement  that  in  1222  the 
parish  of  St.  Margaret  included  the  whole 
of  the  manor  of  Eia  ? 

Again,  what  is  the  authority  for  the  state- 
ment that  in  1222  "  the  manor  of  Tyburn 
included  that  portion  of  land  to  the  west  of 
the  Edgware  Road  which  is  now  known  as 


Bays  water  and  Craven  Hill  "  ?  What  is 
certain  is  that  at  Domesday  there  was  a 
manor  of  Tiburne  and  a  manor  of  Lilestone, 
and  it  is  practically  certain  that  the  manor 
of  Tiburne  is  identical  with  Marybone,  and 
that  the  manor  house  was  near  the  north 
end  of  Harley  Street.  It  is  also  practically 
certain  that  Lilestone  manor  house  occupied 
the  site  of  the  present  Queen  Charlotte's 
Hospital.  If  so,  it  seems  improbable  that 
there  should  be  another  part  of  the  manor 
of  Tyburn  nearly  a  mile  to  the  west  of  the 
Edgware  Road.  H.  A.  HARBEN. 

I  was  much  interested  in  COL.  PRIDE  AUX'S 
note  on  Tyburn,  the  derivation  of  local 
names  being  an  attractive  subject  to  me. 

With  regard  to  the  T  in  Tyburn,  there 
is  surely  an  instance  to  support  Mrs.  Alec 
Tweedie's  theory  in  the  word  Tichborne. 
The  family  of  Tichborne  of  course  took 
the  name  from  the  place,  which  has  belonged 
to  them  since  the  twelfth  century  ;  and  the 
earliest  authentic  mention  of  this  Hampshire 
village  is  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Elder, 
who  granted  some  land  there  to  the  Bishop 
of  Winchester  in  909.  Athelstane  sub- 
stituted money  for  the  land  ;  and  among 
the  gifts  bestowed  on  the  church  by  King 
Edgar  under  the  influence  of  Dunstan,  was 
a  still  larger  portion  of  land  at  Tichborne. 
Thus  the  Saxon  origin  of  the  word  is  estab- 
lished. 

Now  the  parish  of  Tichborne  lies  near  the 
upper  course  of  the  river  Itchen,  and  so 
we  get  Ich-bourne,  and  the  T — if  an  abbre- 
viation of  the  Saxon  word  cet — was  prefixed 
to  locate  this  special  stretch  of  land.  More- 
over, the  great  highway  from  Winchester 
to  Alresford  is  connected  with  the  village 
of  Tichborne  by  a  branch  road  which  follows 
the  course  of  the  Ich-bourne.  It  is  a  coin- 
cidence that  both  Tyburn  and  Tichborne 
were  near  an  important  highway. 

One  has  only  to  listen  to  the  country 
dialects  to  realize  how  easily  the  t  of  cet 
could  become  separated  from  its  own  vowels 
and  attach  itself  to  the  opening  vowel 
of  the  following  word.  P.  SMITH. 

14,  Leinster  Square,  Hyde  Park,  W. 

QUEEN  ELIZABETH'S  DAY,  17  NOVEMBER 
(10  S.  x.  381). — Please  allow  me  to  correct 
W.  C.  B.'s  statement  that  no  notice  is  taken 
of  this  day  except  at  Westminster  School. 
The  statutes  of  this  school  (A.D.  1607)  lay 
down — 

"Other  breakinge  up  in  the  yeare  they  shall  have 
none  nor  play  dayes,  save  upon  the  seavententh 
daie  of  November  yearlie,  when  they  shall  play  the 
whole  daye,  and  those  which  are  able  shall  upon 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       uo  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im 


that  daye  sett  upp  verses  in  honour  and  commen- 
dacion  of  Quene  Elizabeth,  the  blessed  founder  of 
this  schole,  the  next  daie  they  shall  returne  to 
schole  to  learne  as  before." 

Although  these  statutes  are  now  obsolete, 
the  observance  above  mentioned  is  kept 
up  to  this  extent,  that  any  boy  who  presents 
to  the  head  master  an  ode  of  sufficient  merit 
on  Queen  Elizabeth  may  claim  a  half- 
holiday  for  the  whole  school.  But  as  our 
Foundation  Day  is  19  November,  and  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Day  often  falls  on  a  Saturday 
or  Sunday,  when  there  is  no  school,  the 
holiday  may  be  claimed  on  either  of  these 
days  :  one  was  claimed  and  given  last  year. 
MATTHEW  H.  PEACOCK, 

Head  Master. 

Queen  Elizabeth's  School,  Wakefield. 

It  was  formerly  customary  to  ring  the 
church  bells  on  Queen  Elizabeth's  Day. 
The  churchwardens'  accounts  of  Eltham 
in  Kent  record  many  payments  for  this,  the 
amounts  varying  from  3s.  Qd.  to  1 5s.  Thus 
in  1579  and  1582, 

"November  pd  to  the  Ringers  the  xvij  daie  of 
Nou  ye  wh  is  called  Coronation  daie,  iij.  vjcZ." 

"  17  November  I  tin.  laid  out  the  same  day  to  the 
Ringers  beinge  then  in  remembrance  of  Coronation 
day,  Ix.  vj^." 

From  the  churchwardens'  accounts  of 
St.  Dunstan,  Cranbrook,  in  the  same  county, 
we  find  that  I2d.  was  paid  in  1579  to  the 
ringers  on  Coronation  Day,  while  the 
ringers  had  a  dinner  in  1595  which  cost  5s. 

At  St.  Michael's,  Bishop's  Stortford,  on 
the  day  in  1575, 

"Pd.  for  bred,  drinck  and  cheese  for  Ringing  of 
St.  Hewes  daye  in  reioysing  of  the  Queue's  pros- 
perous Range  [ate],  ij*.  \iijd." 
Subsequent  entries  show  that  11s.  Sd.  was 
paid  in  1588,  and  16s.  4d.  in  1589.  The 
date  seems  to  have  been  altered  to  5  Novem- 
ber after  1605. 

I  have  extracted  these  from  Stahl- 
schmidt's  '  Church  Bells  of  Kent,'  pp.  230, 
274-5,  and  North's  '  Church  Bells  of  Hert- 
fordshire,' p.  152  et  seq.  ;  but  there  were 
celebrations  long  after  that — according  to 
Bourne's  '  Observations  on  Popular  Anti- 
quities,' extending  well  into  the  eighteenth 
century.  AYEAHB. 

CAMPBELL  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  THE  NAME 
(10  S.  x.  228,  278,  338,  393).— I  do  not  think 
it  is  safe  to  assume  with  MR.  J.  BROWN  (at 
the  last  reference)  that  the  reason  for  the 
ordinary  Scottish  pronunciation  of  Campbell 
as  "Cammle  "  is,  "as  in  most  cases  of  ab- 
breviation, that  man  is  naturally  a  lazy 
animal."  There  is  no  evidence  of  the  ori- 


ginal form  of  the  name,  and  in  the  absence 
of  such  evidence,  how  can  we  assume  that 
"  Cammle "  is  an  abbreviation  ?  The 
popular  etymology — cam  beul,  wry  mouth — 
is  wholly  hypothetical,  and  leaves  the  p 
unaccounted  for.  I  should  incline  in  this, 
as  in  many  other  cases,  to  lean  to  local 
pronunciation  as  a  likely  guide  to  the 
original  form.  Nobody  sounds  the  excres- 
cent and  redundant  p  in  Thompson,  nor 
does  its  presence  mask  the  patronymic 
"  son  of  Tom."  The  clan  Campbell  were 
known  and  referred  to.  in  charters  as  late 
as  1368  as  Clan  O'Duibhne.  The  first 
documentary  occurrence  of  the  name  Camp- 
bell is  in  a  charter  of  1263  ('  Exchequer 
Rolls,'  i.  24)  in  favour  of  Sir  Gillespie  Cambel. 
His  son,  Sir  Colin  Campbell,  was  the  "  Calen 
Mor"  or  Great  Colin  (died  c.  1296),  from 
whom  the  Duke  of  Argyll  derives  his  Gaelic 
title  MacCalein-mor. 

Numerous  instances  of  excrescent  labials 
in   literary   English   will   occur   to   readers, 
and  it  will  be  found  that  these  are  hardly 
ever  sounded  in  Scots  pronunciation  : — 
English.  Scots. 

chamber  chaumer 

timber  timmer 

bramble  brammle 

humble  hummel 

A  hummel  stag  is  one  without  horns. 

The  only  exception  I  can  think  of  is  the 
word  "  empty,"  where  the  Scots  reject  the 
organic  t,  retain  the  excrescent  p,  and  say 
"  empy."  HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

JOHN  OF  GAUNT' s  ARMS  (10  S.  x.  9,  116, 
174). — I  have  glanced  through  one  or  two 
heraldic  authorities  that  I  have  with  me 
here  in  an  endeavour  to  answer  GHENT'S 
inquiry  as  to  what  were  the  armorial  in- 
signia of  John  of  Gaunt,  or  Ghent,  the 
fourth  son  of  Edward  III. 

The  source  from  which  I  can  offer  the 
most  assistance  is  the  1864  (the  best) 
edition  of  Boutell's  '  Heraldry,  Historical 
and  Popular,'  where  at  p.  239  and  at  other 
references  your  correspondent  will  find 
most  of  the  information  which  he  desiresf 
The  above  prince  is  there  described  as  of 
Ghent,  the  fourth  son  of  Edward  III., 
K.G.,  Duke  of  Lancaster  and  King  o. 
Castile  and  Leon,  and  his  arms  as  "  France 
Ancient  and  England,  with  a  label  of  three 
points  ermine "  (as  a  mark  of  cadency). 
And  as  your  correspondent  particularly 
asks  as  to  "  the  cadency  mark,"  he  will 
be  interested  to  learn  that  this  label  may 
be  blazoned  as  "of  Brittany,"  having  been 
derived  from  the  ermine  canton  borne  by 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433 


John  de  Dreux,  Count  of  Brittany  and 
Earl  of  Richmond,  on  whose  death  in  1342 
the  Earldom  of  Richmond  was  conferred 
by  Edward  III.  on  his  infant  son,  Prince 
John.  Boutell  further  states  that  this 
label  is  generally  blazoned  with  three  spots 
on  each  point,  though  he  gives  instances 
where  a  different  arrangement  can  be 
shown. 

We  learn  that  John  of  Ghent  was  created 
Duke  of  Lancaster  in  1362,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  Earl  of  Derby,  Lincoln,  and 
Leicester  ;  also,  that  on  his  marriage  with 
Constance  of  Castile  he  assumed  the  title 
of  King  of  Castile  and  Leon.  He  impaled 
the  arms  of  his  first  wife,  Blanche  of  Lan- 
caster (which  elsewhere  we  find  to  be  the 
three  lions  of  England,  with  a  label  of  five 
points — each  point  charged  with  three 
fleurs-de-lis — for  difference).  He  afterwards 
impaled  Castile  and  Leon,  placing  his  royal 
coat  on  the  dexter  side  of  his  shield.  From 
the  section  on  '  The  Arms  of  Royal  Con- 
sorts,' at  p.  306,  we  learn,  too,  what  those 
arms  were  :  1  and  4,  Gules,  a  castle  triple- 
towered  or  ;  2  and  3,  Argent,  a  lion  rampant 
gules. 

In  another  place  Boutell  dwells  upon  the 
uncertainty  which  has  so  long  existed  as  to 
whether  the  lion  of  Leon  should  be  gules, 
as  he  gives  it,  or  purpure,  as  given  on  the 
monument  of  Edward  III.  at  Westminster. 
And  he  refers  to  an  able  paper  on  this 
subject  by  the  late  DR.  JOHN  WOODWARD 
.(one  of  the  highest  heraldic  authorities, 
I  suppose,  of  modern  times)  which  is  to  be 
found  at  3  S.  i.  471. 

I  find  that  DR.  WOODWARD  himself  refers 
to  this  paper  in  his  very  valuable  work 
'Heraldry,  English  and  Foreign'  (1896), 
vol.  i.  p.  68,  where  he  says  : — 

"  Of  the  regular  tinctures,  purpure  is  much  less 
used  in  British  armory  than  any  other.  In  France 
heralds  disputed  as  to  whether  it  was  a  separate 
tincture  or  not.  The  lion  of  Leon  is  often  blazoned 
purpure,  but  was  not  intended  to  be  of  a  tincture 
distinct  from 


And  the  learned  author  calls  attention  to  the 
above  paper  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  Apropos  of  this 
one  is  inclined  to  ask,  How  much  are 
modern  writers  on  heraldry  indebted  to  such 
papers  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  ? 

John  of  Ghent  is  also  stated  to  have 
borne  Sable,  three  ostrich  feathers  ermine, 
the  quills  and  scrolls  or,  as  shown  on  his 
seals,  and  monuments  at  Canterbury,  West- 
minster, and  Lincoln. 

Speaking  of  these  seals,  Boutell  refers 
to  the  Great  Seal  of  John  of  Ghent,  as  King 
of  Castile,  as  an  example  of  the  greatest 


interest,   abounding  in  heraldic   accessories 
and  devices  ;   and  on  p.  164  he  says  : — 

"  Upon  one  of  his  seals  John  Plantagenet  of 
Ghent  impales  Castile  and  Leon  with  France  and 
England  differenced  with  a  label  ermine ;  and  in 
this  instance,  in  honour  of  his  royal  consort  Con- 
stance of  Castile  and  Leon,  he  places  his  own  arms- 
on  the  sinister  side  of  the  shield  ;  in  his  other  im- 
paled shields  the  arms  of  this  prince  occupy  the 
customary  dexter  half  of  the  escutcheon  ;  he  also- 
used  seals  bearing  his  own  arms  without  any  im- 
palement." 

I  can  find  no  trace  in  Boutell  of  any  crest 
or  motto  attributed  to  John  of  Ghent ;  but 
that  author  states  that  his  well-known  seal, 
in  addition  to  his  achievement  of  arms,  is- 
charged  with  his  badges,  two  falcons  holding 
fetter-locks  in  their  beaks  ;  and  elsewhere 
he  speaks  of  the  padlock  (or  fetter-lock) 
as  being  one  of  his  badges. 

It  is  unfortunate,  perhaps,  that  amongst 
the  many  excellent  illustrations  in  thia 
valuable  work  Boutell  does  not  give  one  of 
this  seal,  so  that  we  might  have  seen  whether 
this  "  achievement "  contained  more  than 
the  mere  arms  and  badges.  But  GHENT 
may  be  able  to  supply  this  omission  from 
other  sources  to  which  I  have  no  access. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

FROST  PRINTS  (10  S.  x.  350). — The  print- 
to  which  MR.  ABRAHAMS  refers,  '  A  Prospect 
of  Frost  Fair,'  drawn  11  Feb.,  1739/40, 
with  the  lines  beginning  "  The  bleak  north- 
east from  rough  Tartarian  Shores,"  does- 
exist.  The  example  in  my  collection  ia 
printed  in  sanguine,  and  is  probably  one 
of  the  piratical  prints.  It  measures  12^  in, 
by  7f  in.  There  are  two  copies  in  my 
collection,  but  the  second  bears  verses  begin- 
ning "  Behold  the  liquid  Thames,"  &c. 
They  are  mentioned  in  '  Rariora,'  i.  54. 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

In  '  Frost  Fairs  on  the  Thames,'  by  Ed, 
Walford,  No.  XII.  of  the  "  Sette  of  Odd 
Volumes,"  are  several  references  to  ballads- 
published  during  the  Frost  of  1739-40,  but 
none  to  that  MR.  ABRAHAMS  wants. 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

SIR  MATTHEW  DE  RENZI  (10  S.  x.  369). — 
Surgeon-General  Sir  Annerley  Charles  Cas- 
triot  De  Renzy,  K.C.B.  (son  of  the  late 
Thomas  De  Renzy,  M.D.,  J.P.,  of  Cronyhorn, 
co.  Wicklow),  20,  Park  Hill,  Baling,  could 
perhaps  answer  L.  J.'s  inquiries. 

F.  DE  H.  L. 

According  to  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry/ 
4th  ed.,  1862,  vol.  i.  p.  363,  the  then  repre- 
sentative of  De  Rinzy  of  Clobemon  Hall, 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im 


co.  Wexford,  was  Matthew  Scanderbeg  De 
Rinzy,  born  9  Dec.,  1836.  Burke  says  that 
the  estate  of  Clobemon  was  granted  by 
King  Charles  I.  to  the  direct  ancestor  of 
the  family,  Sir  Matthew  De  Rinzy,  Kt. 

There  is  a  Major  G.  C.  De  Rinzy  in  a  recent 
Army  List.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

THE  FIFTH  OF  NOVEMBER  :  GUY  FAWKES 
CELEBRATIONS  (10  S.  x.  384). — Is  it  known 
when  what  are  called  Guy  Fawkes  celebra- 
tions began  ?  It  seems  popularly  to  be 
taken  for  granted  that  they  are  coeval 
with  the  event.  But  did  they  really  begin 
on  5  Nov.,  1606  ?  I  do  not  remember 
any  early  reference  to  these  popular  demon- 
strations. If  they  did  not  begin  at  this 
date,  when  did  they  ?  and  who  and  what 
gave  rise  to  this  historico-religious  popular 
rite  ? 

Can  another  curious  fact  regarding  them 
be  accounted  for,  viz.,  that  the  Guy  Fawkes 
effigy  is  burnt ;  whereas  Guido  Fawkes, 
as  usual  in  the  good  old  times,  was  hung, 
drawn,  and  quartered  ?  I  have  read  in  a 
Hastings  paper  the  suggestion  that  it  is  a 
survival  of  witch  -  burning,  and  that  as 
a  live  witch  cannot  be  burnt,  a  dead  one 
is  burnt  instead.  But  Fawkes  was  not  a 
witch,  and  5  November  is  not,  so  far  as  I 
know,  a  witch  day.  D.  J. 

The  begging  rime  used  by  London  boys 
twenty-five  to  thirty  years  ago,  and  possibly 
still  in  use  at  the  present  day.  ran  somewhat 
as  follows  : — 

Please  to  remember  the  fifth  of  November, 

Gunpower  Treason  and  Plot ; 

I  see  no  reason  why  Gunpowder  Treason 

Should  ever  be  forgot. 

Guy  !  Guy  !  Guy  !  stick  him  in  the  eye, 

Hang  him  on  a  lamp-post  and  there  let  him  die  ! 

A  penny  loaf  to  feed  the  Pope, 

A  penn  orth  of  cheese  to  choke  him, 

A  pint  of  beer  to  wash  it  down, 

And  a  jolly  good  fire  to  roast  him. 

Hooray ! 

I  can  still  recall  the  tunes  to  which  this 
rime  was  sung,  the  air  used  for  the  first  four 
lines  being  repeated  for  the  last  four. 

GYPSY. 

Victoria  University,  Manchester. 

In  my  young  days  the  hobledehoys  who 
went  round  collecting  fuel  for  the  village 
bonfire,    if    they  were  dissatisfied  with  the 
response  to  their  demands,  finished  up  their 
doggerel  song  with  a  promise  of 
A  stick  and  a  stump 
To  burn  your  old  rump. 

I  do  not  remember  any  other  portion  of 
the  formula.  E.  E.  STREET. 


On  the  5th  of  November  the  children  here 
go  from  door  to  door  with  a  turnip  cut  and 
painted  to  represent  a  human  face,  and 
carried  on  a  short  stick,  begging  "  A  ha'p'ny 
to  burn  me  Pope."  I  have  no  knowledge 
of  this  custom  in  any  other  part  of  Scotland. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 
Stromness,  Orkney. 

LAW  OF  LATJRISTON  (10  S.  x.  367). — I  am 
also  preparing  a  Law  of  Lauriston  pedigree 
for  a  work  I  am  engaged  upon,  but  I  am 
only  concerned  with  the  male  descendants 
and  their  daughters.  .  I  am  in  communica- 
tion with  the  present  Marquis  of  Lauriston, 
and  might  be  able  to  give  MR.  GOWER  some 
particulars,  should  he  care  to  send  me  a  note 
of  what  he  requires.  I  have  also  some  ex- 
tracts relating  to  the  Laws  of  Brunton,  from 
whom  the  Lauriston  family  is  said  to  derive. 

RTJVIGNY. 
15,  Hanover  Chambers,  Buckingham  Street,  W.C 

EDWARD  MORRIS,  M,P.  (10  S.  x.  350, 
397). — I  venture  to  think  that  the  reference 
in  'Vanity  Fair'  (1848)  is  not  to  Edward, 
but  to  Charles  (1745-1838),  the  well-known 
song-writer  and  author  of  '  Lyra  Urbanica,' 
1840  (see  2  S.  ii.  412).  Edward  died  in  1815, 
when  Thackeray  was  but  four  years  old, 
and  did  not  leave  any  collection  of  songs 
behind  him.  M. 

"  DEAR  "  :  "  O  DEAR  NO  !  "  (10  S.  x. 
349,  395.) — It  is  suggested  at  the  latter 
reference  that  the  inter jectional  use  of 
"  dear  "  has  no  connexion  with  the  adjective 
"  dear,"  but  is  due  to  a  borrowing  of  an 
Old  French  interjection  dea,  which  is 
explained  to  be  a  shortened  form  of  diable, 
used  inter jectionally.  It  must  be  said  that 
this  account  of  the  locution  is  very  un- 
satisfactory. There  is  no  evidence  that 
the  O.F.  dea  !  ever  crossed  the  Channel. 
Does  the  interjection  dea !  occur  in  any 
English  text,  or  even  in  any  Anglo-Norman 
text  ?  How  is  the  final  -r  in  "  Dear  me  !  " 
"  O  dear  no  !  "  to  be  accounted  for  ?  This 
use  of  "  dear  "  is  comparatively  modern — 
not  earlier  than  the  seventeenth  century  ; 
but  in  the  seventeenth  century  final  -r 
would  not  have  lost  its  full  consonantal 
value.  Even  now  idea  and  dear  would  not 
be  considered  perfect  rimes.  The  identity 
of  E.  dear  with  O.F.  dea  must  be  rejected 
on  phonetic  as  well  as  on  historical  grounds. 

The  inter  jectional  use  of  "  dear  "  is  due 
to  an  ellipsis  of  the  divine  name.  This  is 
suggested  in  *  N.E.D.,'  and  is  abundantly 
corroborated  by  dialectal  usage,  as  may  be 
seen  in  '  E.D.D.'  Compare  the  following 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


phrases  :  Dear  be  here  !  Dear  bless  you  ! 
Dear  help  you  !  Dear  keep  us  !  Dear  kens  ! 
Dear  knows  !  Dear  love  you  !  Dear  me  ! 
(Dear  God,  save  me  !) 

The  earliest  example  of  "  O  dear  !  " 
in  '  N.E.D.'  is  taken  from  Congreve's 
*  Double  Dealer,'  dated  1694.  How  is  it 
possible  to  connect  this  late  usage  with 
an  Old  French  word  obsolescent  in  the  six- 
teenth century  ?  No,  there  is  nothing 
diabolic  in  the  innocent  exclamation  "  O 
•dear  !  "  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

Oxford. 

DR.  PENA  (10  S.  x.  365).— I  think  there 
•can  be  little  doubt  that  MB.  DAVID  SALMON 
is  correct  in  identifying  Bacon's  Dr.  Pena 
with  the  botanist  of  that  name.  A  fine 
copy  of  the  '  Stirpium  Adversaria  Nova,' 
1570,  is  included  in  a  recent  catalogue 
{No.  122)  of  Messrs.  Ellis  of  New  Bond  Street. 
The  first  issue  of  the  book  is  said  to  be  of 
great  rarity,  and  to  be  a  highly  creditable 
production  of  the  press  of  Thomas  Purfoot. 
The  catalogue  adds  : — 

"  On  the  last  page  is  a  curious  woodcut  of  the 
barnacle  geese  issuing  from  the  pods  of  a  marine 
plant,  and  on  page  252  is  an  illustration  of  the 
tobacco  plant,  then  only  recently  brought  to  Europe 
from  the  West  Indies,  pasted  on  to  the  leaf,  it 
having  evidently  been  procured  while  the  book  was 
in  the  press." 

W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

QUEEN  ANNE'S  FIFTY  CHURCHES  (10  S.  ix. 
429  ;  x.  36). — It  is  not  quite  so  easy  to 
answer  this  question  as  at  first  sight  appears, 
as  there  is  no  official  record,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Com- 
missioners appointed  to  carry  out  Queen 
Anne's  benevolent  intention.  There  were 
in  all  three  Acts  of  Parliament  dealing  with 
this  matter,  viz.,  9  Anne,  cap.  22  (1710)  ; 
10  Anne,  cap.  11  (1711);  and  12  Anne, 
cap.  17,  stat.  1  (1713)  ;  and  the  number  of 
churches  specified  was  fifty  (not  fifty-two, 
as  MR.  PAGE  says  at  the  second  of  the  above 
references).  He  is  also  incorrect  in  his 
citation  of  the  Act,  which  is  cap.  22,  not 
cap.  1.  There  is  a  large  mass  of  papers 
connected  with  the  building  of  these  churches 
amongst  the  "  Audit  Office  Declared  Ac- 
counts "  at  the  Public  Record  Office,  and 
I  know  that  in  the  case  of  one  church  the 
accounts  are  so  detailed  as  to  give  the 
names  of  the  wood-carvers  and  the  wages 
they  Deceived.  MR.  PAGE  includes  St. 
James's,  Bermondsey  ;  but  this  is  surely  an 
•error,  as  the  first  stone  of  the  present  build- 
ing was  not  laid  until  21  Feb.,  1827. 

I  am  sorry  to  be  so  critical,  but  St 
Oeorge's,  Queen's  Square,  which  is  included 


by  both  correspondents  at  pp.  36-7,  was 
certainly  not  built  by  the  Commissioners, 
as  it  was  in  existence  as  a  chapel-of-ease 
to  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  before  the  first 
Act  was  passed,  and  a  pamphlet  was  pub- 
lished containing  the  sermon  preached  by 
Dr.  J.  Marshall  at  the  opening  of  the  chapel 
on  Whitsunday,  12  May,  1706.  What  the 
Commissioners  actually  did  was  to  assign 
a  district  to  the  chapel,  thus  giving  it  the 
status  of  a  parish  church,  as  they  were 
empowered  to  do  by  section  ix.  of  10  Anne, 
cap.  11  (1711).  They  also  purchased  a 
burial-ground  for  the  use  of  the  parish,  a 
part  of  which  is  now  a  public  open  space. 

MR.  PAGE  refers  to  an  "  error  "  made  by 
Mr.  George  Sampson  in  the  course  of  his 
article  on  De  Foe  in  The  Bookman  for  June, 
but  does  not  seem  to  have  grasped  the  full 
extent  of  Mr.  Sampson's  blunder,  for 
"  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  "  has  nothing  what- 
ever to  do  with  the  building  of  the  fifty  new 
churches.  EDWIN  W.  FLETCHER. 

Ivydene,  Hendham  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.  W. 

"MOLOKER,"  YIDDISH  TERM  (10  S.  x. 
385).— MR.  PLATT  is  not  quite  accurate 
in  the  sound  of  the  word.  It  never  at  any 
time  has  the  hard  k,  but  the  ch  as  in  the 
German  word  loch.  In  different  countries 
the  vowel -sounds  vary  somewhat.  A 
Spanish  Jew  pronounces  the  word  melacha, 
a  Polish  Jew  meloochoo,  a  Lithuanian  Jew 
melawchaw,  a  Cockney  Jew  melocho  ;  and 
when  used  in  Yiddish  the  word  still  retains 
the  pronunciation  of  the  original  Hebrew 
according  to  the  dialect  of  the  speaker. 
The  transition  of  the  ch  to  k  is  owing  to  the 
inability  of  the  Englishman  to  sound  this 
guttural,  and  the  word  has  in  slang  become 
moloker.  ISRAEL  SOLOMONS. 

91,  Portsdown  Road,  W. 

There  are  two  forms  of  a  word  in  use 
amongst  working  people  which  seem  to  be 
related  to  moloker.  These  words  are  sounded 
maylex  and  moylox,  and  equal  the  word 
"  muddle."  I  have  often  heard  them  when 
one  person  has  watched  another  set  about 
a  job,  the  result  being  "a  regular  maylex 
or  moylox  of  it  " — a  muddle,  in  fact.  Some 
one  blundering  over  a  piece  of  work  makes 
"  a  maylex  "  of  it.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

MR.  PLATT  seems  to  think  that  the  accent 
should  be  on  the  penultimate.  But  I  am 
by  no  means  sure  that  he  has  traced  moloker 
to  its  real  Hebraic  source.  Besides  meldcha, 
or  "  trade,"  we  have  molka,  or  queen.  Now 
it  is  quite  possible  that  the  first  quick-witted 
Hebrew  in  the  purlieus  of  Petticoat  Lane 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  IMS. 


who  discovered  a  source  of  wealth  in  turn- 
ing old  high  hats  into  new  ones,  was  a 
Benedick  with  an  admiring  wife,  who  tried 
the  shining  cylinder  on  her  own  head. 
"  Fit  ioramolka  (queen),  my  dear  !  "  said  he. 
And  when  I  explain  that  in  "  Rag  Fair," 
off  Houndsditch,  Jewish  women  have  for 
generations  carried  on  operations  in  old 
clothes,  old  regimentals,  hats,  &c.,  and 
would  among  themselves  select,  say,  a  hat 
or  a  bonnet,  and  exclaim,  in  the  hearing  of 
the  simple  "  Goy "  (Christian)  buyer,  in 
order  to  attract  his  custom,  "  Look,  my 
dear,  it 's  fit  for  a  mdlka,"  I  can  see  that 
moloker  is  correct,  after  all. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

CROMWELL  AND  THE  117TH  PSALM  (10  S. 
x.  268). — It  does  not  follow  from  Carlyle's 
reference  that  he  considers  the  Scottish 
metrical  version  of  the  Psalm  to  be  that 
which  Cromwell  and  his  soldiers  sang  before 
the  battle  of  Dunbar.  Presumably  he 
makes  his  quotation  to  show  the  spirit  and 
the  grit  of  the  lyric,  and  not  to  indicate  his 
belief  that  the  words  he  sets  down  are  those 
that  were  actually  used  on  the  occasion. 
Indeed,  if  he  had  considered  the  point  at  all, 
he  would  have  remembered — for  Carlyle 
had  a  shrewd  sense  in  such  matters — that 
the  metrical  rendering  of  the  Psalms  by 
Francis  Rous  (from  which  he  quotes)  was 
sanctioned  by  Parliament  for  use  in  Scottish 
churches  in  January,  1650,  and  that  Dunbar 
was  fought  on  3  September  of  the  same 
year.  In  all  likelihood  Cromwell  and  his 
men  utilized  the  verses  of  Sternhold  and 
Hopkins,  appropriately  attuning  them,  as 
the  historian  observes,  to  "  Bangor  or  some 
still  higher  score."  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

TH  AS  A  SYMBOL  (10  S.  x.  390). — DR. 
KRUEGER  asks  about  the  Irish  pronuncia- 
tion of  t  and  th.  There  are  two  things 
to  bear  in  mind. 

1.  In  Gaelic  t  and  d  are  not  like  either 
EngliL'li  t  and  d  or  English  th,  but  have  an 
intermediate  sound,  produced  by  using 
the  back  of  the  tongue  as  well  as  the  teeth. 
They  are,  in  fact,  gutturo-dentals.  In  the 
true  unsophisticated  Irish  brogue,  "  that 
you  could  cut  with  a  knife,"  these  Gaelic 
dentals  are  substituted  for  the  English, 
with  the  result  that  to  an  English  ear  Irish 
Z  sounds  like  our  th,  whereas  Irish  th  sounds 
like  our  t.  Our  old  authors  invariably 
represent  the  Irishman  as  saying  de  and  dat 
for  the  and  that,  and  I  have  often  heard  the 
modern  tick  for  thick,  troat  for  throat,  and, 
vice  versa,  thrick,  sthrength.  Hence  arises  a 


good  deal  of  confusion  in  the  English 
orthography  of  Gaelic  names.  We  write- 
indifferently  Teague  and  Thady  for  Gaelic 
Tadhg,  MacCarty  and  MacCarthy,  &c. 

2.  In  addition  to  the  above,  the  Irish 
also  have  a  tendency  to  introduce  an 
aspirate  after  consonants.  The  conse- 
quence is  that  we  can  never  be  quite  sure,, 
when  we  meet  with  variants  such  as  dudeen* 
dhudeen,  dudheen,  dhudheen,  whether  the* 
writer  intended  to  indicate  the  gutturo- 
dental  or  aspirated  dental.  All  that  can 
safe]y  be  said  is  that  he  felt  it  different 
from  the  English.  Other  examples  are- 
bostoon,  bosthoon  (Gaelic  bastun)  ;  omadaun^. 
omadhaun  (Gaelic  amadan)  ;  poltogue,  pol- 
thogue,  ;  trawneen,  thrawneen,  &c.  The 
aspirate  is  introduced,  not  only  after  t, 
but  also  after  p,  b,  as  in  the  well-known 
bhoy  for  boy.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

The  following  information  may  assist 
DR.  KRUEGER.  I  have  a  varied  collection 
of  ancient  title-deeds  relating  to  lands  in 
various  parts  of  Kent,  about  300  of  them 
being  earlier  than  the  reign  of  Henry  VIL. 
Out  of  the  300,  only  three  are  in  English, 
the  remainder  of  course  being  in  Latin. 
The  earliest  one  is  an  "  Indentur  made  att 
Tenterden  [Kent]  the  laste  day  saue  oon 
[save  one]  of  Februar  in  the  vijthe  yer  of 
reige  of  king  Edward  ]>e  iiijthe  "  (1468).  In 
this  document  the  character  ])  is  used  in 
the  abbreviated  forms  of  "  the,"  "  that," 
"  this,"  "  thereto,"—))6,  p,  J>8,  }>e'to  ;  but 
when  the  words  are  written  in  full,  th  is- 
used.  In  the  next  deed  in  English,  16  Ed- 
ward IV.  (1476),  the  character  ])  is  not 
used  ;  this  may  be  because  the  abbreviated 
forms  of  the  words  do  not  appear.  The* 
latest  of  the  three  deeds  in  English  is  dated 
1  Richard  III.  (1484),  and  here  again  "  the  " 
and  "  that  "  in  their  abbreviated  forms  are 
written  £>e,  jA  I  am  not  confusing  ]>  with 
the  later  y  :  the  character  in  question  is. 
quite  plain.  PERCY  MAYLAM. 

Canterbury. 

THE  LION  AND  THE  UNICORN  (10  S.  x.  208, 
294). — The  distich  in  question  forms  the 
opening  of  an  old  song,  the  first  verse  of 
which  is  as  follows  : — 
The  lion  and  the  imicorn  were  fighting  for  the 

crown  ; 

The  lion  beat  the  unicorn  all  round  the  town. 
Some  gave  them  white  bread,  and  some  gave  them 

brown  ; 
Some  gave  them  plum  cake  and  drummed  them  out 

of  town. 

An  old  lady  of  my  acquaintance,  who  M 
aged  ninety-seven,  informs  me  that  she 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


distinctly  remembers  hearing  the  song  when 
quite  a  young  girl. 

In  '  Through  the  Looking-Glass  '  the  verse, 
as  quoted  above,  is  given,  and  referred  to  as 
•"  the  words  of  the  old  song." 

R.  VATJGHAN  GOWEB. 

"NosE  OF  WAX"  (10  S.  viii.  228,  274' 
298). — This  obsolescent  phrase  occurs  in 
•Carlyle's  '  Frederick  the  Great,'  where  it  is 
used  in  the  author's  characteristic  way  to 
describe  the  personality  of  the  second  Elector 
of  Brandenburg  : — 

"Young  Friedrich  II.,  upon  whom  those  Berlin 
Burghers  had  tried  to  close  their  gates,  till  he 
should  sign  '  Capitulation '  to  their  mind,  got  from 
them,  and  not  quite  in  ill-humour,  that  name 
Ironteeth : — '  Not  the  least  a  Nose-of-wax,  this  one  ! 
No  use  trying  here  then  !'" — Vol.  i.-bk.  iii.  c.  iii. 

N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

COMMODORE  CHAMBEBLAIN  (10  S.  x.  329, 
372). — I  thank  SIB  J.  K.  LATJGHTON  and 
MB.  D.  MUBBAY  for  their  replies,  but  my 
query  as  to  the  Jewish  origin  of  Chamberlain 
remains  unsolved.  I  find  that,  about  thirty 
years  before  James  Picciotto's  '  Sketches  of 
Anglo -Jewish  History '  appeared,  a  little 
volume  was  published  entitled  '  Moral  and 
Religious  Tales  for  the  Young  of  the  Hebrew 
Faith,'  adapted  from  the  French  of  G.  Ben 
Levi  by  A.  Abraham.  The  prefatory  re- 
marks are  dated  from  Liverpool,  May,  1846. 
On  p.  135  Commodore  Chambers  (not 
Chamberlain)  is  referred  to  as  a  Jew  in  the 
English  service.  Although  the  names  some- 
what vary,  I  am  inclined  to  think  they 
refer  to  one  and  the  same  person.  I  should 
like  to  trace  the  source  of  this  statement 
made  by  Ben  Levi  and  Picciotto.  It  surely 
must  have  some  foundation  in  fact. 

ISBAEL  SOLOMONS. 

91,  Portsdown  Road,  W. 

OVOCA  OB  AVOCA  (1,0  S.  x.  308,  397.— 
Ovoca  appears  from  the  authorities  to  be 
the  more  correct  form. 

Mr.  Joyce  in  his  '  Irish  Names  of  Places,' 
3rd  ed.,  1871,  p.  75  says  : — 

"The  river  that  he  [Ptolemy]  calls Oboka appears 
by  its  position  on  the  map  to  be  the  same  as  the 
Wicklow  river  now  so  well  known  as  the  Avoca  ; 
but  this  last  name  has  been  borrowed  from  Ptolemy 
himself,  and  has  been  applied  to  the  river  in  very 
recent  times.  Its  proper  name,  as  we  find  in  the 
*  Annals,'  is  Avonmore,  which  is  still  the  name  of 
one  of  the  two  principal  branches  that  form  '  The 
Meeting  of  the  Waters.' " 

Ovoca  is  adopted  by  Robert  Fraser  in 
liis  Royal  Dublin  Society's  '  Wicklow  Sur- 
vey,' published  in  1801  ;  by  Wm.  Shaw 


Mason  in  his  '  Parochial  Survey  of  Ireland,' 
published  (vol.  ii.)  1819  ;  and  by  James 
Fraser  in  his  admirable  and  accurate  '  Hand- 
book for  Ireland,'  3rd  ed.,  1844. 

I  may  add  that  the  place  is  generally 
called  Avoca  now.  L.  A."  W. 

Dublin. 

"POBTIONS":  "PENSIONS"  (10  S.  x. 
310,  358,  419).— It  is  with  great  diffidence 
that  I  venture  to  criticize  a  note  on  eccle- 
siastical matters  signed  C.  J.  (ante,  p.  358)  ; 
but,  so  far  as  my  experience  goes,  "  portion  " 
is  the  name  of  the  part  of  the  revenues  of  an 
impropriated  benefice  allotted  by  the  bishop 
to  the  vicar  for  his  sustenance  and  the 
payment  of  ecclesiastical  dues.  For  ex- 
ample, in  Augmentation  Office,  Miscell. 
Book  XXXVI.,  the  document  numbered  28 
(19  June,  1354)  is  the  taxation  by  William, 
Bishop  of  Norwich,  of  the  vicar's  portion 
in  the  parish  church  of  Braunforde  and  the 
chapel  thereto  annexed,  appropriated  to  the 
abbot  and  convent  of  Battle  by  Clement  VI. 
It  is  fixed  at  twenty  marks  sterling. 

Q.  V. 

THE  ELEVENTH  COMMANDMENT  (10  S.  viii. 
268,  418,  478  ;  x.  358).— I  never  heard  of 
Barrili's  novel  '  L'Undecimo  Comanda- 
mento  '  until  I  read  MB.  HILL'S  letter  at  the 
last  reference,  nor  can  I  claim  to  have  read 
the  novel  I  mentioned  in  a  previous  com- 
munciation  on  this  subject.  The  latter  was 
published  in  1903  or  1904,  and  to  the  best 
of  my  recollection  Woodgate  was  the  name 
of  the  author.  These  facts,  such  as  they 
are,  were  fixed  in  my  memory  by  a  news- 
paper report  of  a  trial  of  an  action  for  libel, 
alleged  to  be  contained  in  the  book. 

R.  L.  MOBETON. 

MILITABY  BANK-NOTE  (10  S.  x.  389).— 
This  is  without  doubt  only  one  of  the  many 
flash  bank-notes  of  the  period.  The  names 
Flag,  Hill,  and  Cannon  in  combination  on 
a  military  note  pronounce  it  such.  I  do 
not  think  there  was  such  a  place  as  Fort 
Montague,  let  alone  a  bank  of  that  name. 
I  have  seen  many  similar  to  this  note,  of 
very  small  values  ;  they  were  doubtless 
done  to  pass  off  upon  unsophisticated 
people  as  genuine  bank-notes. 

ABTHUB  W.  WATEBS. 

Leamington  Spa. 

JESUITS  AT  MEDIOLANTJM  (10  S.  x.  309, 
374). — ST.  SWTTHIN'S  reply  carried  me  back 
to  my  visit  when  a  boy  to  Milan,  and 
referring  to  my  diary,  I  find  under  1  Sept., 
1855  :  "  We  went  thro'  the  Piazza  di 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  28, 


Mercanti,  and  saw  the  figure  of  a  beast, 
half  pig  and  half  sheep  ;  head  and  fore  part 
pig,  the  rest  woolly  like  a  sheep."  Is  it 
there  still  ?  Hie  ET  UBIQUE. 

When  will  Bertram  (as  "  Richard  of 
Cirencester " )  cease  to  be  quoted  as  an 
authority  in  Roman  matters  ?  I  notice 
that  one  correspondent  quotes  him.  I  was 
under  the  impression  that  every  antiquary, 
at  any  rate,  knew  the  book  is  a  forgery. 

R.  B— B. 

JEFFBEY  HUDSON  THE  DWABF  (10  S.  x. 
390). — There  is  an  account  of  him  in  '  Hone's 
Year-Book '  for  1  Jan.  It  does  •  not  give 
any  record  of  his  burial,  but  states  that 
"  he  died  at  the  gate-house  in  Westminster 
at  the  age  of  63."  Hone  gives  a  short 
account  of  his  duel  with  Mr.  Crofts,  a  young 
man  of  family.  R.  A.  POTTS. 

BANDY  LEG  WALK  (10  S.  x.  390).— 
Bandy  Leg  Walk,  Southwark,  so  named 
in  Rocque's  map  of  1746,  is  now  Great 
Guildford  Street,  running  nearly  due  south 
from  Sumner  Street  to  Southwark  Bridge 
Road. 

In  1760  a  place  of  amusement  called 
"  The  Grotto,"  Southwark,  was  advertised 
as  being  "  at  the  upper  end  of  George's 
Street,  the  way  through  Bandy  Leg  Walk 
leading  directly  to  the  Gardens."  It  be- 
came "  The  Goldsmiths'  Arms,"  and  an 
illustration  of  it  after  rebuilding  is  given  in 
Wilkinson's  '  Londina  Illustrata.'  It  had 
been  consumed  by  fire  in  1795.  There 
may  have  been  other  Bandy  Leg  Walks  in 
London  or  its  suburbs. 

PHILLP   NOBMAN. 

Bandy  Leg  Walk  was  in  Queen  Street 
(in  the  Park),  Southwark,  not  in  West- 
minster. According  to  Dodsley's  '  Envi- 
rons,' 1761,  it  was  so  named  "  in  ridicule  "  ; 
but  where  did  the  ridicule  come  in  ?  Was 
it  in  respect  to  the  shape  of  the  Walk,  or 
to  somebody's  personal  deformity  ? 

There  was  also  a  Bandy  Leg  Alley  by 
Fleet  Ditch,  both  the  Walk  and  Alley 
having  existed  so  early,  at  least,  as  the  year 
1721  (see  W.  Stow's  '  Strangers'  Guide  ;  or, 
Travellers'  Directory,'  of  about  that  time). 

J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

This  thoroughfare  was  in  Southwark. 
It  is  described  in  '  Old  and  New  London  ' 
as  "  a  dirty  lane  between  Maid  Lane  (now 
New  Park  Street)  and  Queen  Street  (now 
Union  Street)."  J.  T. 

Beckeuham. 


This  was  possibly  a  narrow  thoroughfare. 
When  I  lived  in  Yorkshire,  in  the  fifties,, 
the  accepted  definition  of  a  bandy-legged 
man  was,  "  He  couldn't  stop  a  pig  in  an 
entry." 

An  "  entry  "  is  a  passage  between  small 
houses,  connecting  the  street  with  their 
backyards.  HABBY  HEMS. 

SALFOBD  :  SALTEBSFOBD  :  SALTEBSGATE 
(10  S.  x.  222,  256,  274,  297,  337,  373).— It 
has  not,  I  think,  been  noticed  that  certain 
salt  wells  in  Worcestershire  and  Cheshire- 
were  appurtenant  to  manors  in  other  coun- 
ties, such  as  Shipton  -  under  -  Wychwood 
(Oxon)  and  Risborough  (Bucks),  and  various 
manors  in  the  Western  counties.  The 
route  by  which  the  produce  was  carried 
to  the  owners  might  very  naturally  acquire- 
the  name  of  "  Saltersgate  "  (see  A.  Ballard,. 
'  The  Domesday  Inquest '  [1906],  viii.  182), 

Q.  V. 

Let  me  add  another  place-name  of  whose- 
derivation  there  can  be  no  question — that 
of  Sail,  near  Aylsham,  Norfolk.  The  name 
is  often  incorrectly  spelt  Salle.  It  is  pro- 
nounced "  Saul "  from  the  Anglo-Saxon 
sal '  =  a  willow.  There  are  several  trees  of 
that  species  in  the  neighbourhood. 

The  church  is  a  very  fine  cruciform  struc- 
ture, and  over  the  spandrels  of  the  western 
door  are  carved  a  couple  of  angels  having: 
in  their  hands  palm  branches,  perhaps  in- 
tended as  slivers  from  the  willow.  A  slab- 
in  the  nave  is  traditionally,  but  mythically,, 
said  to  cover  the  remains  of  Queen  Anne- 
Boleyn,  whose  ghost  is  reputed  to  haunt, 
the  spot.  JOHN  PICKFOBD,  M.  A. 

PEBSIAN  TRANSLATION  BY  SHELLEY  (10  S.. 
x.  349). — I  find  that  the  verses  I  quoted 
previously  appeared  in  The  Liberal,  No.  4, 
1823  (p.  370),  under  the  heading  of  '  Minor- 
Pieces,'  but  without  any  translator's  name.. 

A.  G.  POTTEB. 
32,  Caversham  Road,  N.W. 

STOBKS  AND  COMMONWEALTHS  (10  S.  x.. 
368).—  "That  storks  are  to  be  found,  and 
will  only  live  in  republicks  or  free  states," 
is  one  of  the  "  very  many  received  tenets,, 
and  commonly  presumed  truths,"  into  which 
Sir  Thomas  Browne  inquires  in  his  '  Pseudo- 
doxia  Epidemica  '  (Book  III.  chap,  xxvii.  3).. 
EDWABD  BENSLY. 

KNIPHOFIA  (10  S.  x.  288,  333). — A  cata- 
logue sent  out  by  a  firm  of  florists  at  Torres,. 
Elginshire,  treats  the  name  Kniphofia  as 
one  familiar  to  botanists,  florists,  and  the 
general  public.  Though  Tritona  is  made 


10  s.  x.  NOV.  28, 1908.1       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


the  chief  reference  by  the  cataloguer,  there 
is  a  cross-reference  to  Kniphofia,  while  this 
term  is  repeated  in  the  definition.  W.  B. 


JRisrdlanmts. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  £c. 

The    Tudor   Facsimile    Texts:    Issues  for   1907-8. 

(T.  C.  &  E.  C.  Jack.) 

THE  crying  want  of  our  schools  of  literature  to-day, 
whether  in  England  or  America,  is  a  first-hand 
acquaintance  with  the  subjects  of  which  they  treat. 
In  no  part  of  the  subject  is  this  more  evident  than 
in  the  productions  of  the  couple  of  centuries  which 
separate  Chaucer  from  Shakespeare.  We  could 
name  an  imposing  number  of  textbooks  which  in- 
spire the  gravest  suspicion  whether  their  authors 
have  even  glanced  at  a  tithe  of  the  works  on  which 
they  comment  at  some  length.  The  net  result  of 
this  unanimity  of  neglect  is  a  general  impression 
that  during  that  time  the  English  people  had  lost 
the  sense  of  metre,  scansion,  rhythm,  and  poetry. 
But  in  these  matters,  as  in  others,  it  is  true  that 
you  cannot  bring  an  indictment  against  a  people, 
and  writers  and  teachers  alike  would  have  been 
better  occupied  in  reading  what  was  left  of  the 
literature  of  the  time,  and  trying  to  understand  the 
metrical  system  that  arose  out  of  their  reading, 
than  in  forcing  it  into  the  Procrustean  bed  of 
Chaucerian  prosody,  or — to  change  the  simile  to  one 
of  Dr.  Johnson's — skinning  the  eel  alive,  and  cursing 
it  because  it  will  not  lie  still. 

There  is  some  excuse  for  the  ignorance  of  which 
we  complain,  though  there  is  none  for  writing  text- 
books while  it  persists.  Originals  are  hard  to  come 
by — are  for  most  purposes  non-existent ;  and  re- 
prints, even  when  made  with  the  best  intentions, 
are  often  unsatisfactory,  as  many  an  unfortunate 
editor  knows.  Your  facsimile  is  the  only  wear. 
Who  can  tell  us  exactly  what  an  interlude  was  to 
Henry  VIII. 's  nobles  or  Mary's?  When  did  they 
differentiate  themselves  from  moralities  ?  A  score 
of  similar  questions  present  themselves  for  settle- 
ment before  we  can  begin  to  write  a  history  of  the 
origins  of  the  English  stage.  They  can  only  be 
answered  by  a  careful  study  of  all  the  specimens 
extant,  carried  on  simultaneously  by  teachers  and 
students  in  all  directions.  In  publishing  these  fac- 
similes Messrs.  Jack  have  done  more  for  the  his- 
tory of  the  drama  of  the  period  than  all  the  pro- 
fessors for  the  last  five-and-twenty  years. 

Take  another  point  of  view,  on  which  we  have 
already  touched.  These  plays  are  written  in  verse. 
True,  it  makes  no  aesthetic  appeal  to  us,  while  the 
verse  of  Shakespeare  a  few  years  later  moves  us 
greatly.  But  that  is  no  reason  for  denying  its 
possession  of  poetic  qualities.  Critics  are  too  prone 
to  fall  into  the  mistake  of  regarding  poetry  in  an 
aesthetic  light.  Yet  no  man  living  can  feel  the 
thrill  at  a  line  of  'Beowulf  or  of  the  English 
alliterative  verse  that  Keats  or  Wordsworth  gives 
him  ;  and  how  many  Englishmen  can  feel  that 
Racine  is  a  great  poet  in  this  sense  ?  Our  judgment 
tells  us  that  '  Beowulf '  and  Racine  must  be  great — 
not  our  instinctive  appreciation.  Let  us  try,  then, 
to  reconstruct  the  prosody  of  our  despised  fore 
fathers  and  make  out  as  good  a  case  as  we  can 
These  texts,  and  those  that  are  to  follow,  will  put 
the  student  in  Texas  or  California  in  as  good  a 


position  as  if  he  lived  in  London.  Mr.  Herbert's 
jertificate  is  a  guarantee  of  that,  and  we  confidently 
expect  great  results  from  their  use. 

The  facsimiles  already  issued  fall  into  several 

divisions,  duly  set  out  in  the  prospectus,  but  not 

jlearly  distinct.     Some  of  them  are  reproductions- 

f  MSS.,  such  as  the  three  Macro  plays  published 

jy  the  Early    Drama    Society,    Massinger's    'Be- 

ieve  as  You  List'  in  the  author's  handwriting,. 

and  the  '  RespuUica  '—the  latter  two  being  folios, 

11  other  publications  being  quartos.      It  is  good  for 

ditors  or  texts  to  have  facsimiles  of  their  originals 

sometimes  published,  and  we  hasten  to  say  that  the 

editors  of  the  Macro  texts  come  out  much  better 

than  usual ;  but  we  prefer  the  facsimile  with  all  its 

meaningless  scribbles  and  ciphers. 

We  do  not  propose  to  remark  particularly  on  the 
reprints  of  printed  plays  and  interludes,  of  which 
some  score  are  now  published,  as  the  editorial 
remarks  are  very  properly  short,  and  confined  to- 
statements  of  fact.  The  printer  of  Bale's  '  Promises ' 
ought  to  be  identified  without  difficulty,  and  this- 
edition  of  the  play  of  '  The  Four  Elements '  cannot 
have  been  printed  anywhere  near  1570—1539  is  a 
much  more  likely  date,  for  the  only  other  use  of  the 
music  type  in  it  is  of  that  year,  and  is  not  so  worn. 
We  have  seldom  felt  more  pleasure  in  commending 
a  work  to  our  readers  than  we  do  in  the  present 
instance. 

More  Truth,  Wit,  and  Wisdom:  Another  Mine  of 
Information  :  656  Letters  to  the  Press  from  the  Pen 
of  Algernon  Ashton.  (Chapman  &  Hall.) 
THE  title-page  explains  the  character  of  this  volume 
— one  of  the  oddest  that  we  have  come  across  of  recent 
years.  This  is  the  author's  "  second  arid  last  volume 
of  letters  on  the  most  varied  subjects."  No  man  in-, 
ages  that  are  to  come,  it  is  suggested,  will  succeed! 
in  getting  more  than  656  letters  published  in  the 
press  within  twenty-five  months.  Whether  this  is- 
so  or  not,  we  imagine  that  journalists  will  continue 
to  make  about  the  same  amount  of  mistakes,  or- 
possibly  more,  if  they  write  faster.  The  author 
has  done  a  service  in  pointing  out  how  extensive; 
these  mistakes  are  ;  also  in  looking  after  the  tombs- 
and  memorials  of  those  who  are  prematurely  for- 
gotten.  On  music  he  writes  with  some  authority, 
being  himself  a  composer;  indeed,  he  ends  by 
assuring  us  that  as  a  musician  and  composer  he- 
"  will  now  endeavour  to  become  a  great  English- 
man." There  is  one  pleasing  aspect  of  true  great- 
ness which  Mr.  Ashton,  to  judge  rrom  his  published! 
work,  will  never  reach— and  that  is  modesty.  His 
limitations  are  painfully  obvious  in  the  amazing 
title  of  his  book,  his  ideas  of  humour,  and  his  con- 
fidence in  the  press  as  a  source  of  information. 
"Extensive  newspaper  and  dictionary  reading" 
does  not  in  itself  constitute  an  education,  as  we 
understand  the  word.  We  are  not  surprised  that 
Mr.  Ashton  regards  Bacon  as  the  son  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  or  that  he  considers  that  no  one  else- 
ought  to  sign  himself  A.  A.  (is  not  the  Poet  Laureate, . 
as  an  old  journalist,  entitled  to  use  the  same 
initials?),  or  that  he  has,  apparently,  no  doubts 
and  fears  as  to  his  own  competence  on  the  most 
varied  subjects. 

In  spite  of  his  1,181  letters  (there  were  525  pub- 
lished in  1905)  Mr.  Ashton  has  much  to  learn  in  the 
way  of  expression.  He  has  much  to  learn  in  many 
other  ways,  but  to  attempt  to  disturb  his  ideas  of 
himself  would  be  idle.  After  all,  such  complacency 
as  is  exhibited  here  almost  amounts  to  a  gift. 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  NOV.  28,  im. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— NOVEMBER. 

MESSRS.  LUPTON  BROTHERS  of  Burnley  have  in 
-their  Hundredth  Catalogue  the  largest-paper  edition 
of  Bewick's  '  Birds  and  '  Quadrupeds,  3  vols.,  half- 
calf,  Newcastle,  1820-26,  01.  6s.  ;  *  Arabian  Nights,' 

12  vols,  Nichols,  1894,  91.  9s.  ;  and  Tonson's  edition 
of  '  Don  Quixote,'  4  vols.,  4to,  1737,  3/.  3s.    A  first 
edition  of  '  Bleak  House,'  in  the  original  parts  with 
advertisements,   is  1(.    10s.  ;    and  that    of    '  Little 
Dorrit'  the  same  price.     'The  Encyclopaedia  Bri- 
tannica,'  last  edition,  with   Supplement,  36  vols., 
morocco,  as  new,   is  16/.    16s. ;    and  La  Fontaine, 
2  vols.,  full  calf,  Amsterdam,   1762,   12/.  12s.    (the 
famous  Fermiers    Generaux    edition).     There    are 
first  editions    of    Lever.     Ackermann's  miniature 
edition  of  'Dr.  Syntax,'  3  vols.,   12mo,   half-calf, 
1823,  is  31. ;  *  The  Irving  Shakespeare,'  8  vols.,  4to, 
21.   12s.   Qd. ;    and    *  The    Speaker's    Commentary,' 

13  vols.,  31.     There  are  a  number  of  works  under 
Yorkshire,  and  a  Cheap  Clearance  List  at  Is.  per 
volume. 

Mr.  James  Miles  of  Leeds  divides  his  Cata- 
logue 149  into  two  sections,  the  first  being  Old 
Literature  (Sixteenth  to  Eighteenth  Centuries).  In 
this  the  American  items  include  a  scarce  collection 
-of  tracts,  Howe's  narrative  relating  to  his  conduct 
•during  his  command  in  North  America,  1779,  and 
•others,  31.  3s.  Under  Blake  are  his  43  illustrations 
to  Young's  'Night  Thoughts,'  1797,  61.  10s.;  and 
under  Freemasonry  is  a  good  tall  copy  of  'The 
Constitutions  of  the  Free-Masons,  for  the  Use  of 
the  Lodges,'  very  rare,  1723,  11.  10s.  Other  works 
are  Magnus's  '  History  of  the  Goths,  Swedes,'  &c., 
folio,  1658,  II.  10s.;  Burney's  'History  of  Music,' 
1789,  21.  Is.Qd.;  Smollett's  'History  of  an  Atom,-' 
1769,  11.5s.,  and  his  'Travels/  10s.  6d.  (both  first 
•editions),  and  Reginald  Scot's  'Discovery  of 
Witchcraft,'  1665,  ll.  7s.  6d.  The  second  section  is 
-devoted  to  Anglo-Saxon  and  Archaeological  and 
Antiquarian  Books.  We  find  Roe's  'Ancient 
Coffers  and  Cupboards,'  1902,  ll.  Is.;  a  fine  set  of 
'  The  Antiquarian  Cabinet,'  1807-12,  ll.  10s.;  Blore's 
'  Monumental  Remains,'  14s. ;  and  a  large-paper 
copy  of  Dixon's  'Her  Majesty's  Tower,'  4  vols., 
11.  5s.  There  are  many  works  relating  to  old 
Yorkshire. 

Mr.  W.  M.  Murphy,  of  Liverpool,  opens  his 
-Catalogue  140  with  a  superb  copy  of  Burton's 
'Arabian  Nights,' 15^.,  followed  by  Froissart  with 
the  very  scarce  illuminations,  1862,  71.  7s.  Blue- 
books  on  the  Boer  War,  include  those  containing 
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s.  x.  DEC.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  5,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  258. 
NOTES :— Sir  Stephen  Glynne's  Church  Notes— Unpublished 

r  Songs  by  T.  L.  Peacock,  441—'  Englands  Parnassus,'  444 
—Milton  :  Engraved  Portraits— The  Tenth  Wave,  445— 
North  End  Place.aHampstead — Man  in  the  Moon  in  1590 
—Hotspur's  Sword— Ebenezer  Gerard,  446—"  Non  compos 
mentis  "—Nancy  Parsons,  Lady  Maynard,  447. 

•QUERIES  :— "  Proximo  "  —  Milton  :  Alleged  Portrait  — 
J.  B.  Wild,  Artist— "  Egypt "  as  a  Place-Narae,  447— 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted  —  Booth  of  Bame— 
"  Shalgham-zai,"  Anglo-Indian  Term  -  Prince  Eugene's 
London  Statue— Prebendary  Henry  Barnewell— Snakes : 
Crayfish  and  Onions,  448— Orthopaedic  Hospital— The 
Macaroni  Magistrate— Bight  to  Keep  Swans— Italian 
Genealogy— Pope  Adrian  IV.'s  Death— Harris,  Silver- 
Buckle  Maker— Smith  of  West  Kennett,  449— Parcel  Post 
in  1790— Caroline  as  a  Masculine  Name- Walker = Howard 
—Manor  House  c.  1300 :  Bellot  of  Caen— Le  Blon  Mezzos 
in  Four  Colours—"  His  end  was  peace,"  450. 

REPLIES :— St.  Martin  Pomeroy  :  Poundbury,  450— Kings- 
ley's  '  Lorraine  '—Parliamentary  Applause— Heraldry  in 
Froissart,  452  —  Billy  Butler,  the  Hunting  Parson  — 
"Dolls"  on  Bace-courses — Fig  Trees  and  Meat — 'Chovevi- 
Zion '—Spelling  of  Eeindeer— "  Disdaunted  "— Born  with 
Teeth,  453— Richard  Dighton— Authors  Wanted— Scots 
Greys,  454— Horseflesh— Shoreditch  Family— Ancaster— 
Mitred  Abbots— Samuel  Foote,  455— Legends  about  the 
Moon—"  Bonfire  "—Mediterranean— Guernsey  Lily,  456— 
Pimlico:  Eyebright— Begimental  Marches— Dead  Animals 
exposed  on  Trees,  457— Thames  Steam  boats -Hampstead 
in  Song—"  Everglade  "—Arms  of  English  Boman  Catholic 
Bishops  —  "  Petersburg  "  —  Proverbs  and  Phrases  —  Dr. 
Beauford— Brembre— "  The  Bonnie  Cravat,"  458. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Quarterly  Beview  '—The 
Angus  Library. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 


jlotts. 


SIR     STEPHEN     GLYNNE'S     CHURCH 
NOTES. 

IT  should  be  placed  on  record  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
that  there  is  preserved  in  the  library  of 
St.  Deiniol's  Hostel  at  Hawarden  (which 
is  one  of  the  forms  of  memorial  of  the  late 
Mr.  William  Ewart  Gladstone)  a  series  of 
MS.  notes  on  the  churches  of  our  land,  made 
by  Sir  Stephen  Glynne  between  about  1828 
and  his  death  in  June,  1874.  These  notes 
are  very  full  and  fairly  accurate,  and  contain 
records  of  many  items  of  church  furniture 
which  have  been  since  "  improved  "  away, 
and  of  which  they  are  probably  the  only 
notes  preserved. 

Antiquaries  all  over  England  may  like 
to  know  of  these  books,  which  the  Warden 
•(Canon  Joyce)  courteously  permits  accredited 
persons  to  inspect. 

The  nature  of  the  material  will  be  gathered 
from  the  following  list,  showing  the  number 
,0  f  churches  visited  by  Sir  Stephen  Glynne 
j*n  the  counties  specified  : — 
Bedfordshire  50    Cumberland  25 


Berkshire  ... 
Bucks 

•Cambridgeshire 
Cheshire    ... 
Cornwall   . 


93 
94 
61 
79 
120 


Derbyshire 
Devonshire 
Dorset 
Durham 
,  Essex 


116 

250 

86 

30 

137 


229  |  Stafford  ... 
154  I  Suffolk 
149  Surrey 

73  ;  Sussex 

39  j  Warwick   ... 
307  i  Westmorland 

64   Wight,  Isle  of 
129|  Wilts 
267  Worcester... 

54   Yorkshire  (E.  R.) 


64 
205 
183 


N.  Wales 


(N.  R.) 
(W.  R.) 


23  S.  Wales 

129  Guernsey 

111  Jersey 

21  Man,  Isle  of 

124  Scotland 

244  Ireland 


90 
103 

84 
236 
138 

19 
9 

124 
J38 

85 
107 
187 
212 
229 
9 

10 
1 

17 

23 


Gloucester... 

Hants 

Hereford   ... 

Herts 

Hunts 

Kent 

Lancashire 

Leicester   ... 

Lincoln 

Middlesex... 

Monmouth 

Norfolk      ... 

Northants... 

Northumberland 

Notts 

Oxford 

Rutland     ... 

Salop 

Somerset   ... 

The  eldest  son  of  Gladstone  (the  late 
Mr.  William  Henry  Gladstone)  published 
the  Kent  notes  in  1877  ;  and  the  Chetham 
Society  those  for  Lancashire  and  Cheshire 
in  1893  and  1894  respectively.  Other  notes 
are  in  course  of  publication  by  the  local 
societies  for  Durham,  Northumberland,  Notts, 
Yorkshire,  and  Wales.  I  have  had  tran- 
scribed all  the  notes  for  Devon  and  Cornwall, 
and  Cumberland  and  Westmorland,  and  hope 
they  will  shortly  be  published.  The  other 
notes  should  receive  the  attention  of  the 
various  local  societies,  and  be  reproduced 
in  their  respective  Journals.  I  should  be 
glad  to  render  the  secretaries  any  help  I 
can  in  this  direction,  as  I  frequently  visit 
St.  Deiniol's.  Communications  should  be 
sent  to  me  direct. 

These  notes  form  an  immense  mass  of 
ecclesiological  material  well  worth  putting 
on  permanent  record. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
78,  Church  Street,  Lancaster. 


UNPUBLISHED    SONGS    BY 
T.  L.  PEACOCK. 

BBIMLEY  JOHNSON  in  the  remarks  which 
preface  the  *  Songs  from  the  Novels  of 
Thomas  Love  Peacock,'  published  in  "  The 
York  Library"  in  1904,  states  that  his 
collected  poetry  has  deservedly  been  for- 
gotten, but  that  many  of  the  songs  and 
lyrics  in  the  novels  have  been  admitted 
to  be  pre-eminent  in  their  kind.  In  the 
more  exhaustive  edition  of  Peacock's 
poetical  works  edited  by  him  in  "  The  New 
Universal  Library  "  in  1905  he  has,  however, 
reprinted  all  the  longer  poems  contained 
in  Sir  Henry  Cole's  1875  edition  of  Peacock's 
works,  and  omitted — probably  through  not 
knowing  of  their  existence — the  songs  con- 
tained in  the  three  unpublished  plays  '  The 
Dilettanti,'  '  The  Circle  of  Loda,'  and  '  The 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  IMS. 


Three  Doctors.'  These  songs  I  propose  to 
give,  and  I  think  it  will  be  seen  that  they 
are  worthy  of  being  printed,  and  in  many 
instances  distinctly  better  than  a  great  deal 
of  Peacock's  verse  which  has  been  neither 
neglected  nor  forgotten. 

'THE  DILETTANTI.' 

I.  Song :  0' Prompt. 

When  I  first  began  to  talk  big 

I  chose  the  theatrical  path,  sir, 
I  put  on  a  tragedy  wig, 

And  flourished  my  dagger  of  lath,  sir ; 
Love  raised  such  a  flame  in  my  heart 

That  I  fancy  'tis  not  quite  cool  yet, 
When  in  Romeo  I  strutted  my  part. 

And  Shelah  Granore  was  my  Juliet. 

Her  lip  was  so  prettily  curl'd, 

Her  heart  than  a  turtle's  was  kinder  ; 
But  one  day  she  walked  out  of  the  world, 

And  left  her  poor  "Romeo  behind  her. 
In  despair  at  the  cruel  controul 

Of  Fortune  so  fierce  and  so  frisky, 
I  seiz'd  on  our  tragedy  bowl — 

And  fill'd  up  a  brimmer  of  whisky. 

Says  I,  "  This  shall  finish  all  strife  " 

(And  my  tears  they  fell  faster  and  thicker), 
"  I  '11  soon  put  an  end  to  my  life  ; — 

But  I  '11  first  put  an  end  to  my  liquor." 
The  curtain  drew  up  for  '  Macbeth ' ; 

I  paus'd  between  glory  and  sorrow  : 
Says  I,  "I'm  resolved  upon  death  : 

But  I'll  just  put  it  off  till  to-morrow." 

II.  Song :  Emma. 

How  blest  is  the  lot  of  the  poor  village  maiden, 
Who  breathes   not  a  sigh  for  the  pageants  of 

wealth, 

For  whom  ev;ry  flow'ret  with  sweetness  is  laden, 
Whom  the  fields  crown  with  pleasure,  the  breezes 
with  health  ! 

Though  the  Indies  may  boast  of  their  far-spreading 

treasures, 
Her  heart  for  their  sake  would  not  tempt  her  to 

roam  ; 

She  thinks  not  of  more  than  the  innocent  pleasures, 
The  simple  delights  and  endearments  of  home. 

Oh  !  had  I  been  placed  in  some  hamlet  surrounded 
By  green-waving  meadows  and  soft-flowing  rills, 
How  lightly  my  steps  through    the    vallies    had 

bounded, 

And  counted   the  zephyrs   that  breathe  on   the 
hills  ! 

Be     mine    the    sweet    pleasures    that    charm    in 

reflection  ; 

I  prize  not  the  joys  of  the  proud-swelling  dome  ; 
May   my   dwelling  be   cheered   with  the  voice  of 

affection, 

And   the  simple    delights    and    endearments    of 
home  ! 

III.  A  Trio  sung  by  a  party  of  Troubadours. 

With  knights,  and  maids,  and  loves,  and  arms, 
And  countless  deeds,  and  war's  alarms, 
Our  mystic  song  the  hearer  charms, 
v\  hile  the  evening  bells  ring  merrily. 


Of  magic  groves  and  vales  we  sing  ; 
Of  Merlin,  and  the  Elfin-king ; 
Of  sprites  that  o'er  the  witch-grass  spring, 
While  the  evening  bells  ring  merrily. 

Of  deep  enchantments  strange  and  strong  ; 
Of  sweetest  notes  of  fairy  song, 
That  float  the  haunted  air  along, 
While  the  evening  bells  ring  merrily. 

IV.  Song :  Miss  Cadence. 

By  the  river's  lonely  shore, 
In  the  forest's  deepest  shade, 

Where  the  winds  of  midnight  roar. 
Let  my  leafy  bed  be  made. 

None  o'er  me  shall  shed  a  tear, 
None  o'er  me  shall  breathe  a  sigh, 

Save  the  waters  murmuring  near, 
Save  the  breezes  rustling  by. 

V.  Song:  #' Prompt. 

"  Oh  Mr.  O'Tagrag  !  great  tragedy  king  ! 

I  am  speechless  with  woe  when  your  sorrow  I  sing  ;• 

While  I  think  of  those    moments    as    light  as  a, 

feather 
When  we  acted  Othello  and  Falstaff  together." 

Says  Mr.  O'Tagrag  :  "  Observe  what  I  say  : 
This  is  quite  labor  lost :  there  's  the  devil  to  pay  r 
My  profits  are  short,  and  my  bills  growing  long  : 
So  I  '11  tell  you  what :  we  are  all  in  the  wrong." 
Says  I :  "  Mighty  hero  !  despise  Fortune's  pow'r  ; 
For  time  and  the  day  will  soon  run  through  the- 

hour." 

Says  he  :  "  'Tis  in  vain  'gainst  the  torrent  to  pull ; 
My  purse  is  quite  empty  ;  my  heart  is  quite  full." 
Says  1 :  "  Mr.  O'Tagrag  !  I  pretty  well  guess 
That  when  all  is  but    nothing    a  share  must   be- 
less": 

I  began  a  fine  speech,  and  was  going  on  gaily; 
But  "he  march'd    oft'  the  stage— in  the  care    of  a. 
bailey  ! 

The  most  striking  of  these  songs  is,, 
perhaps,  the  second.  Devoid  of  overstrained' 
sentiment,  it  appeals  through  its  grace- 
and  simplicity,  recalling  to  mind  other  poems, 
by  Peacock  written  in  the  same  vein. 

The  songs  included  in  '  The  Circle  of 
Loda  '  differ  somewhat  from  those  contained 
in  '  The  Dilettanti '  and  '  The  Three  Doctors r 
in  that  they  do  not  show  Peacock's  humour 
and  sarcasm  to  the  same  advantage. 

'THE  CIRCLE  OF  LODA.' 

I.  Chorus  of  Sards. 
Hark  !  the  northern  blasts  arise  ! 

Night  o'erhangs  these  stormy  climes  1 
Dimly-seen,  from  dark  en 'd  skies, 

Bend  the  forms  of  other  times. 
Mighty  shades  of  days  of  old, 

Shades  of  chiefs  renown'd  in  story, 
From  their  clouds  with  joy  behold 

How  their  children  rush  to  glory. 
"Haste,  haste  away  !  "  they  seem  to  say,. 

"  Guilt  soon  shall  meet  its  destiny  ! 
In  glorious  death  resign  your  breath, 

Or  crown  your  arms  with  victory  ! " 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


II.  Duet  and  Chorus. 

First  Bard. 

On  ancient  Cromla's  dark  brown  steeps, 
Alone  Fiona  sits,  and  weeps, 

When  shall  she  joy  recover  ? 
She  sighs  for  Ardan  distant  far, 
She  thinks  upon  the  dang'rous  war, 
And  trembles  for  her  lover. 

But  soon,  lovely  maiden,  thy  grief  shall  subside, 
As  sinks  to  its  level  the  tempest-swell'd  tide 

Of  the  stream  some  sweet  valley  adorning  ; 
When    the    clouds  are  dispers'd,   and    the    night- 
vapour  flies, 
And  the  lark  carols  blithely  her  song  in  the  skies, 

Beneath  the  pale  light  of  the  morning. 

Second  Bard. 

At  length  with  fame  her  love  appears  ; 
No  more  her  eyes,  suffus'd  with  tears, 

Lament  her  absent  treasure ; 
And  Ardan,  for  his  glorious  pains, 
A  rich  and  sweet  reward  obtains, 

In  beauty's  smiles  of  pleasure. 

The  warrior  of  Erin  thus  hastes  to  the  strife, 
Well  pleased  for  his  country  to  hazard  his  life, 

His  Ibosom  to  fear  is  a  stranger ; 
His  breast  beats  with  joy  as  he  cuts  the  white  wave, 
For  the  smiles  of  the  fair  are  the  meed  of  the  brave, 

Who  scorn  the  approaches  of  danger. 

Chorus.  The  warrior  of  Erin,  &c. 

III.  Song:  Mengala. 

The  night  is  long,  the  skies  o'ercast, 
And  coldly  blows  th'  autumnal  blast ; 
Unfriended  on  a  dreary  shore, 
I  rove,  whilst  foaming  billows  roar 

Around  in  wild  commotion  : 
But  darker  is  my  fate  unbless'd. 
And  colder  is  my  hopeless  breast, 
And  stronger  tumults  rend  my  soul, 
Than  those  which  thy  loud  waves  controul, 

Thou  ever-restless  ocean  ! 
Hidalvar  !  dear  inconstant  youth  ! 
I  thought  thy  heart  the  seat  of  truth  : 
How  swiftly  flew  the  time  away  ! 
With  thee  I  led  each  happy  day, 

Unthinking  of  the  morrow  : 
What  love  was  e'er  more  true  than  mine  ? 
False  as  thou  art,  it  still  is  thine ; 
Yet  thou  could'st  mock  my  frantic  cry, 
And  coldly  cast  me  off  to  die, 

Or  live  in  ceaseless  sorrow. 

IV.  Grand  Chorus. 

Silence  holds  her  midnight  reign; 
But  when  morning  fires  the  skies, 
Hostile  bands  in  arms  shall  rise, 
Then  no  more  shall  silence  reign 
O'er  Loduna's  ample  plain. 
Swords  shall  clash,  and  shields  resound, 
Bursting  blood  shall  stream  around, 
Bows  shall  twang,  and  helmets  glare, 
Nimble  arrows  hiss  in  air, 
Death  and  Glory,  hand  in  hand, 
There  shall  take  their  awful  stand. 

Soon  as  morning  fires  the  sky,- 

Haste  to  conquer  or  to  die  ! 


V.  Song:  Mengala. 

Fidallan  was  a  comely  youth, 

The  love  of  many  a  fair  ; 
His  breast  appear'd  the  seat  of  truth, 

But  'twas  no  inmate  there. 

Young  Morna's  virgin  heart  he  gain'd, 

And  promis'd  ne'er  to  roam, 
Her  aged  sire's  consent  obtain'd. 

And  led  her  to  his  home. 

But  he,  by  each  new  beauty  fir'd, 

More  false  than  summer  skies. 
Soon  felt  a  stronger  flame  inspir'd 

By  fierce  Dengala's  eyes. 

With  Morna's  death  his  soul  was  dark, 

He  watch'd  the  rising  breeze  ; 
Alone  he  plac'd  her  in  a  bark 

On  Gormal's  boist'rous  seas. 

A  friendly  chief  preserv'd  her  life, 

And  rais'd  a  warlike  band, 
Who  pour'd  the  flames  of  vengeful  strife 

On  false  Fidallan's  land. 

A  stranger  met  Fidallan's  eyes, 
Who  deem'd  the  fair  one  dead ; 

He  knew  not  Morna  in  disguise, 
Who  told  her  tale,  and  fled. 

VI.  Grand  Chorus. 

The  bright  star  of  day  rises  red  from  the  wave, 
And  calls  us  to  war,  to  the  strife  of  the  brave  ; 
As  the  eagle  of  heaven  descends  on  his  prey, 
We  rush  on  our  foes  when  renown  points  the  way. 

When  the  thunders  of  battle  resound  on  the  plain, 
And  the  hawk  hovers  round,  and  exults  o'er  the- 

slain, 

In  brightness  tremendous  our  fame  shall  arise, 
As  the  death-darting  meteor  that  shoots  through 

the  skies. 

Our  swords  are  unsheath'd,  and  our  standards  un- 

f  url'd ; 

On  our  foes  shall  the  lightnings  of  ruin  be  hurl'd ; 
'Tis  the  summons  of  glory  :  we  haste  to  the  call, 
For  our  king  and  our  country  to  vanquish  or  fall. 

VII.  Song  of  the  Valkyries. 
Clashing  swords  no  more  resound  ; 

War  withdraws  his  crimson  train ; 
.Death  no  longer  stalks  around, 

O'er  the  blood-empurpled  plain. 

She,  who,  with  detested  spell, 
Wrapp'd  in  midnight's  fearful  gloom, 

Scorn'd  the  laws  and  pow'r  of  hell, 
Broke  the  slumbers  of  the  tomb ; 

She,  whose  bold  and  cruel  hand 

Heroes'  blood  has  basely  spilt, 
She  no  more  shall  curse  the  land,— 

Lo  !  we  stamp  the  fate  of  guilt ! 

She,  who  late  made  thousands  fly, 

Soon  a  lifeless  corse  shall  be  : 
E'en  in  triumph  she  shall  die, 

In  the  hour  of  victory  ! 

VIII.  Finale. 

Strike  the  harp's  responsive  strings  I 

Let  the  song  of  pleasure  rise ! 
Peace  again  unites  our  kings, 

Love  returns  and  discord  flies. 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io  s.  x.  DEC.  r>, 


Ne'er  may  fate,  with  hostile  power, 

Our  propitious  bonds  destroy ; 
Ne'er  may  sorrow's  tempests  lower 

On  our  promis'd  scenes  of  joy  ! 
Two  of  these  songs  recall  those  in  '  The 
^Misfortunes  of  Elphin '  ;    but,  though  excel- 
lent in  their  way,  neither  the  chorus  begin- 
ning 

The  bright  star  of  day  rises  red  from  the  wave, 
nor  the  '  Song  of  the  Valkyries,'  can  be  said 
to  be  the  equal  of  '  The  War  Song  of  Dinas 
Vawr,'  which  Lord  Houghton  has  called 
"  perfect  in  its  kind,  with  its  humorous 
ferocity  and  predatory  swing,"  and  which 
Prof.  Saintsbury  considers  to  be  the 
succinctest  piece  of  humorous  modern 
poetry  in  the  world.  A.  B.  YOUNG. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


'ENGLANDS    PARNASSUS,'     1600. 

•(See  10  S.  ix.  341,  401  ;    x.  4,  84,  182,   262, 
362.) 

From  '  The  Colonies.' 

Lines 
'Words,'  p.  363,   Allusion  of  words to 

found 138-9 

'Love,'    p.    226,    The    Dutch Spanyard 

furious 650-51 

From  '  The  Fathers.' 

'Parents,'  p.  267,  The  babe is  fed          ...       12-17 

'Of  God,'  p.  139,    When   Sathan church 

divine 42-9 

'Of  God,'  p.  138,  God  never conceaved 

bee         56-9 

'Of  God,'  p.  135,  The  man  of  earth com- 
prehend                 201-4 

*  Bashfulnesse,'    p.   26,    Let  sobernesse 

comprehend 203-4 

'Of  God,'  p.  137,  The  Lord can  expresse     205-14 

'Mane,'  p.  388,  The  sable  night Abram 

out        273-81 

'Of  God,'  p.  135, Heaven  is  his  seate 

the  but  419-22 

'Of    God,'    p.    140, God's    word nor 

yeeld 431-8 

'Custome,'  p.  57,  Custome,  the  worlds 

vices  barre      493-4 

From  '  The  Schisme.' 
'  Of  Tempests,'  p.  424,  Now  Nereus  foames 

full  of  fright      918-25 

'Of  Tempests,'  p.   425,   Strike  saile de- 
scant sing       926-33 

'Of  Tempests,'  p.  424,  The  easterne  winds 

live  or  die  934-57 

'*  Calme  Weather,'  p.  420,  The  king  of  windes 

heaven  appeare 994-7 

No  heading,  p.  560, Repentance hairy 

clad       1038-9 

•'  Repentance,'  p.  298,  Repentance  makes 

overspread      1040-45 

'Prayer,'  p.   285,    Prayer's    heart sweet 

amome 1046-9 

'  Prayer,' p.  286,  Fasting refining  wits  ...  1050-53 

'  Faith,'  p.  90,  Faith,  friendly  porter the 

three  ,    1054-9 


From  '  The  Triumph  of  Faith.' 
'Slaunder,'  p.  318,  Backbiting  pens 

clawbacks  binne       ...        In  early  versions  only 
'Faith,'  p.  91,  But  hardest  things pos- 
sible  Canto  I.    st.  3 

'  Faith,' p.  89,  Faith  sits watered  bee     I.     5-12 

4  Patience,'  p.  263,  Patience  doth  beare 

was  made I.        14 

'  Charitie,'  p.  31,  Next  Charitie owne 

utilitie        I.        15 

'Repentance,'    p.    298,    Repentance 

triumphant  carre I.        15 

4  Reason,'  p.  296,  She  whom continuall 

fight I.       21 

'Truth,'  p.  339,   The  Truth electeth 

fables          II.         6 

'Faith,'  p.   91,  Faith  hath  not alter 

cleane         IV.       24 

From  '  The  Miracle  of  Peace.' 

Sonnet 

'Peace,'  p.  268,  O  Mother speciall  spring  3 

'  Treason,'  p.  341,  Revolted  subjects will 

quaile ...  8 

'  Earth,'  p.  82,  Earth  cannot nor  fine  8 

'  Conquest,'  p.  44,  Tis  much not  more  ...  19 

'  Princes,'  p.  290,  A  Princes  safetie ever 

loyall 19 

'  Of  People,'  p.  405,  People,  lesse  setled 

colour  prising  24 

'  Kingdomes,'  p.  187,  Thebes,  Babell do 

die        27 

'  Hyppcrisie,'  p.  165,  Who  cloakes cover 

wickednesse 31 

From  '  A  Dialogue,'  &c.  Lines 

'World,'  p.   377,    I    take    this  World 

vanities  do  flow        21-4 

From  two  Sonnets  appended  to  '  An  Ode  to 

Astrsea.'  Son. 

'  Beau  tie,'  &c.,   p.  474,  Sweete  mouth 

Aurora  pale I. 

From  '  The  Battail  of  Yvry.'  Lines 

'  Death,'  p.  523,  Like  an  autumnal  starre 

chases 211-16 

'  Monarchs,'  p.  247,  A  mighty  Monarch 

roomeretaine  497-506 

This  list,  then,  accounts  for  the  123  quota- 
tions known  to  have  been  taken  from 
Sylvester's  work,  and  it  clears  up  all  errors 
that  I  have  been  able  to  trace  to  Allot  and 
Collier.  It  will  be  noticed  that  Allot  some- 
times uses  the  same  passages  more  than 
once,  and  under  different  headings  ;  but . 
I  have  not  been  able  in  the  list  to  indicate 
gross  errors  of  transcription,  which  thrust 
themselves  upon  one  at  every  turn.  Allot 
seems  to  have  been  incapable  of  copying 
passages  twice  in  the  same  way,  and  he 
made  no  bones  about  modifying  an  author's 
words  to  suit  his  divisions,  many  of  which 
are  not  marked,  but  left  for  the  reader  to 
classify  for  himself.  The  last  part  of  the 
book  contains  the  secret  of  Allot's  method 
of  working,  and  it  was  from  a  study  of 
this  bit  of  the  compiler's  workshop  that  I 
formed  the  conclusions  I  set  forth  to  account 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


for?  his  errors  of  assignment.  Sylvester's 
works,  apparently,  came  late  into  Allot' s 
hands,  and  he  had  only  time  to  pick  out 
from  his  last  gleanings  a  comparatively 
small  number  of  the  passages  that  are  em- 
bodied in  the  finished  portion  of  his  book. 
It  would  seem  that  these  miscellaneous 
quotations  at  the  end,  huddled  together 
without  any  kind  of  order,  were  collected 
after  the  work  of  printing  had  begun. 
Note  how  differently  Allot  renders  the  follow- 
ing from  Sylvester  in  two  places  of  the 
'  Parnassus  '  : — 

'  Windes,'  p.  564. 

O  heavens  fresh  fannes,  (quoth  hee,) 

Earths  sweeping  broomes,  of  forrests  enemie : 
O  you,  my  heraulds  and  my  messengers, 
My  nimble  posts  and  speedy  messengers, 
My  armes,  my  sinewes,  and  my  eagles  swift, 
That  through  the  aire  my  rolling  chariot  lift. 

Compare  : — 

'  Of  Winds,'  p.  413. 

0  heavens  fresh  flames!  quoth  hee, 

Earths  sweeping  broomes  !  0  forrests  enmitie  ! 
O  you  !  my  haraulds  and  my  harbengers, 
My  nimble  posts,  and  speedie  messengers ; 
My  armes,  my  sinewes,  and  my  eagles  swift. 
That  through  the  ayre  my  rowling  chariot  lift. 

The  latter  version  is  the  correct  one, 
except  that  for  "  flames  "  we  should  read 
"  fans,"  as  shown  in  the  more  corrupt 
quotation ;  and,  with  this  correction,  it 
tallies  word  for  word  with  the  lines  printed 
in  the  1641  edition  of  Sylvester,  '  The  Ark,' 
11.  344-9. 

No  author  is  named  under  the  following 
quotation,  which  I  have  traced  to  Thomas 
Lodge's  '  Marius  and  Sylla,'  V.  i.  Instead 
of  "  feares  to  fall,"  Allot  should  have 
written  "  feares  no  fall "  : — 
'  Content,'  p.  47. 

Inconstant  change  such  tickle  turnes  hath  lent, 

As  who  so  feares  to  fall  must  seeke  Content. 

Collier  did  not  assign  the  next  passage 
to  the  *  Tragedy  of  Cleopatra,'  but  left  it 
open,  having,  perhaps,  omitted  to  notice 
that  it  was  signed  **  S.  Daniell."  It  comes 
from  the  '  Civil  Wars,'  Book  III.  st.  46 ; 
and  Allot  should  have  put  the  word  "  with  " 
between  "  boldeneth  "  and  "  dread  "  : — 
'Courage,'  p.  49. 

Valour  mixt  with  feare,  boldeneth  dread, 

May  march  more  circumspect,  with  better  heed. 

It  is  no  wonder  that  Collier  could  not  find 
the  following  in  Spenser  : — 

'  Reason,'  p.  296. 

The  eye  of  Reason  is  with  raging  ybent. 
That  is  what  one  would  call  a. "  free  render- 
ing "  of  Spenser,  who  said, 

The  eie  of  reason  was  with  rage  yblent. 

'  Faerie  Queene,'  I.  ii.  5. 


Robert  Greene  is  badly  misquoted  by 
Allot  more  than  once  ;  and  in  one  case  he  is 
modified  to  suit  the  heading  under  which 
the  passage  is  ranged. 

Under  '  Heart,'  in  order  to  make  the 
quotation  fit  in  its  place,  Allot  (p.  151) 
alters  "  grief es  of  mindes  "  to  "  grief es  of 
heart  "  :—  , 

The  bodies  wound  by  medicines  may  be  eased, 
But  griel'es  of  heart  by  salves  are  not  appeased. 
See  'James IV.  of  Scotland' 

(Dyce,  p.  210,  col.  1). 
And  here  is  a  bad  misquotation  : — 
'  Court,'  p.  51. 

The  Court  is  counted  Venus  net, 

Where  gifts  and  vows,  forestalls,  are  often  set : 

None  be  so  chaste  as  Vesta,  but  shall  meete 

A  curteous  tongue  to  charme  her  eares  with  sweete^ 

The  passage  should  read  thus  : — 

Ida.          the  court  is  counted  Venus'  net» 

Where  gifts,  and  vows  for  stales  are  often  set : 
None,  be  she  chaste  as  Vesta,  but  shall  meet 
A  curious  tongue  to  charm  her  ears  with  sweet. 

'James  IV.  of  Scotland'  (Dyce,  p.  190,  col.  2). 

C.  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


MILTON  :  ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS. — It  may- 
be of  service  in  view  of  the  forthcoming 
celebrations  to  draw  attention  to  an  elaborate 
paper  '  On  the  Engraved  Portraits  of  Milton,' 
by  J.  F.  Marsh,  in  Trans.  Hist.  Soc.  of  Lanc& 
and  Cheshire,  vol.  xii.  p.  135.  A  catalogue 
of  164  portraits  is  given,  and  150  of  them 
were  produced  for  inspection  when  the 
paper  was  read  in  1860.  R.  S.  B. 

THE  TENTH  WAVE. — In  the  account  of 
Dr.  Sven  Hedin's  lecture  at  Simla,  given 
in  The  Times,  10  November,  he  is  reported 
to  have  said  :  "  On  the  ocean  every  ninth 
wave  was  held  to  be  higher  than  the  rest.'* 
But  this  is  contrary  to  the  old  tradition, 
which  assigned  the  superiority  to  the  tenth. 
It  is  as  old  at  least  as  the  time  of  Ovid, 
who  mentions  it  in  his  '  Metamorphoses,' 
xi.  530,  "  Vastius  insurgens  decimsB  ruit 
impetus  undse,"  and  elsewhere  ;  and  it  is 
quite  a  commonplace  of  our  own  literature. 
Bishop  John  Kinge,  '  Lectvres  vpon  lonas/ 
1597,  p.  347,  says  :  "  The  tenth  waue  com- 
meth  further  and  fiercer  than  all  the  rest." 
In  Bishop  John  Pearson's  Pythagorean 
book,  '  Hierocles,'  1673,  p.  153,  reference 
is  made  to  what  "  nostri  scripserunt  "  con- 
cerning "  decumana  porta,  decumana  ova, 
decumani  fluctus."  It  is  mentioned  by 
Christopher  Ness,  '  History  and  Mystery,' 
1690,  i.  143  :  "  The  tenth  wave  upon  the 
sea  shore,  some  observe  to  be  the  strongest"  ; 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  im 


and  by  J.  Edwards,  '  Perfection  of  H.  Scrip- 
ture,' 1695,  p.  343.  It  has,  of  course,  been 
recorded  in  *  N.  &  Q.,'  2  S.  v.  108,  194,  487. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  traveller  is  sup- 
ported by  Tennyson,  who  sings  of 

Wave  after  wave,  each  mightier  than  the  last, 
Till  last,  a  ninth  one,  gathering  half  the  deep. 

'Coming  of  Arthur,'  '  Works,'  1878,  p.  362. 

W.  C.  B. 

NORTH  END  PLACE.  HAMPSTEAD. — Several 
years  ago  an  admirable  article  appeared 
in  these  columns*  descriptive  of  the  life 
which  was  led  by  the  elder  Pitt  during  his 
voluntary  immurement  in  the  house  which 
is  now  known  by  the  name  at  the  head  of 
this  note,  but  which  was  formerly  designated 
Wildwoods  or  North  End  House.  I  see  from 
the  papers  that  this  house  is  now  for  sale. 
It  is  stated  that  the  small  room  which  was 
occupied  by  the  great  Minister  is  still  pre- 
served, and  also  the  curious  double-cupboard 
contrivance  by  which  he  managed  to  receive 
food,  letters,  and  papers  without  actual 
communication  with  the  outside  world. 

A  leading  London  daily  adds  a  curious 
detail  which  deserves  to  rank  with  the 
fable  to  which,  under  the  heading  of  '  The 
Portman  Estates,'  I  recently  drew  attention 
(ante,  p.  307).  It  is  stated  that  "  the  spot 
is  described  in  Domesday  Book  as  Wildwood 
Corner."  It  is  not  recorded  whether  the 
compiler  of  the  Survey  regarded  it  as  an 
eligible  site  for  a  suburban  residence,  but 
we  shall  doubtless  know  when  the  statement 
which  I  have  quoted  is  discovered  amongst 
the  national  records.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

MAN  IN  THE  MOON  IN  1590. — I  notice  an 
instance  slightly  earlier  than  the  first  given 
in  '  N.E.D.'  In  1590  the  overseers  of  West- 
minster received 

"Of  Richard  Tenche  the  Town  Clarke,  for  a 
Pyne  for  a  Trespass  comitted  by  John  Warner, 
alias  dictus  the  man  in  the  moone,  viij.s\  vjf/."— 
'A  Catalogue  of  Westminster  Records,'  by  J.  E. 
Smith  [1900],  p.  91. 

Q.  V. 

HOTSPUR'S  SWORD. — The  Daily  Telegraph 
of  Thursday,  22  October,  made  the  following 
assertion  under  the  heading  of  '  London 
Day  by  Day '  when  mentioning  that  the 
King  had  visited  Petworth  House  :  '  'Among 
its  treasures  is  the  sword  of  Hotspur,  which 
he  used  at  the  battle  of  Shrewsbury." 

When  Mayor  of  Shrewsbury,  in  1903, 
and  organizing  the  celebrations  in  connexion 
with  the  500th  anniversary  of  the  battle, 


*  My  absence  abroad  prevents  me  from  giving 
the  exact  reference. 


I  did  my  best  to  find  something  in  the  way 
of  armour  of  the  period,  and  took  up  the 
question  of  this  sword,  with  the  result  that, 
after  careful  inquiry,  I  wrote  the  following 
in  my  article  on  alleged  relics  from  the 
battle-field  which  appeared  in  the  volume 
of  papers  in  connexion  with  the  battle 
issued  by  the  Shropshire  -  Archaeological 
Society  : — 

"(4)  Hotspur's  Sword. — The  late  Augustus  J.  C. 
Hare  in  his  'Sussex'  states  that  'amongst  the 
relics  preserved  at  Petworth  House  (Lord  Lecon- 
field's),  in  co.  Sussex,  is  the  sword  used  by  Hotspur 
at  the  battle  of  Shrewsbury.  The  old  castle  of  the 
Percies  stood  near  the  town  of  Petworth,  and  in  the 
church  there  lie  the  remains  of  several  members  of 
the  family.'  I  am  afraid,  from  enquiries  I  have 
made,  that  this  sword  cannot  claim  the  historical 
interest  and  antiquity  which  the  delightful,  but 
sometimes  incorrect,  author  would  wish  us  to 
believe." 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Innellan,  Shrewsbury. 

EBENEZER  GERARD.  —  This  artist  is  said 
to  have  been  a  well-known  "  profilist  "  and 
miniature  painter  in  the  early  part  of  the 
last  century.  He  made  a  considerable  re- 
putation by  his  black  profile  portraits.  For 
some  years  (1821-5)  he  lived  in  Liverpool, 
and  had  a  studio  at  64,  Lord  Street.  He  died 
in  Glasgow  at  the  age  of  forty-two.  Accord- 
ing to  the  following  lines,  written  on  his  work 
by  some  unknown  admirer,  he  would  seem 
to  have  some  claim  to  be  considered  a  pioneer 
in  his  particular  style  of  art : — 

First  from  the  shadow  on  the  polished  wall 
Were  took  those  faces  which  we  profiles  call ; 
The  first  was  drawn  by  the  "Corinthian  Dame" 
Who  by  the  art  immortalized  her  name. 
Prom  posture  next,  improving  on  her  plan, 
The  artist  with  the  pencil  took  the  man  ! 
Yet  oft  the  lines,  where  blemishes  prevailed, 
Were  taught  to  natter,  and  the  likeness  failed ; 
But  how  to  form  machines  to  take  the  face, 
With  nice  precision,  in  one  minute's  space  ! 
Then  paint  with  bold,  unerring  certainty, 
The  face  profile  in  tints  that  never  die  ; 
To  hit  complexion,  feature,  shape,  and  air, 
So  just  that  life  alone  is  wanting  there ; 
Where  all  allow  the  likeness  to  agree — 
This  honour,  Gerard,  was  reserved  for  thee. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Arkle 
I  have  obtained  a  little  more  information 
about  this  artist.  Gerard  seems  to  have 
come  to  Liverpool  (possibly  from  Man- 
chester) with  a  certain  reputation,  and  in  a 
circular  issued  by  him  he  speaks  of  the  un- 
precedented patronage  with  which  he  had 
been  honoured  since  his  arrival.  The  circular 
in  question  notified  the  public  that  he  took 
most  striking  likenesses  in  a  variety  of 
manners,  and  that  he  had  a  large  number 
of  portraits  of  well-known  characters  on 


10  s.  x,  DEC.  5, 1908.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


view.  The  artist's  charges  varied  from  five 
shillings  to  half  a  guinea  for  coloured  profiles, 
and  eight  guineas  and  upwards  for  portraits 
and  groups. 

Some  years  earlier,  apparently  before  he 
came  to  Liverpool,  when  he  was  rapidly 
making  a  reputation,  Gerard  was  seized  with 
a  fever  which  left  such  a  weakness  in  his 
arms  as  to  render  him  unable  to  handle  a 
brush.  He  recovered,  however,  so  far  that 
by  grasping  the  wrist  of  his  right  hand  as 
firmly  as  possible  with  his  left,  he  could  still 
paint ;  but  he  seems  to  have  been  unable 
to  maintain  his  family  upon  his  earnings 
from  painting  alone.  For  some  years  he 
had  been  a  contributor  to  The  Kaleidoscope, 
a  Liverpool  weekly  magazine,  founded  by 
Egerton  Smith  in  1818  ;  and  in  1825  some 
of  his  contributions  were  brought  together 
and  published  under  the  title  of  "  Letters 
in  Rhyme  |  to  and  from  |  E.  Gerard,  Por- 
trait Painter,  |  Liverpool,  |  with  a  number 
of  Humourous  Embellishments  j  drawn  on 
stone  by  the  author,"  Liverpool,  1825, 

S'inted  by  Rushton  &  Melling,  and  sold  at 
anchester,  Norwich,  Bristol,  and  elsewhere. 

The  contents  of  this  small  volume,  by  the 
issue  of  which  it  was  hoped  to  provide  funds 
to  educate  the  artist's  children,  consist  mainly 
of  letters  of  a  humorous  nature  to  his  friends 
one  J .  .  .  .  C .  .  . .  of  Bungay  and  Samuel 
Taylor  of  Bristol. 

I  have  not  met  with  any  of  this  artist's 
work.  Some  further  details  about  him 
would  be  of  interest.  R.  S.  B. 

Liverpool. 

"  NON  COMPOS  MENTIS." — The  following 
curious  entry  is  to  be  found  in  the  marriage 
register  of  the  parish  of  Downham,  Lanca- 
shire : — 

"  1727.  John  Bevern  of  Blackburn,  carpenter, 
and  Margaret  Banks  of  Downham,  spinster, 
Married  February  ye  15th,  having  been,  as  they 
pretended,  married  ye  Day  before  by  Christopher 
Bulcock,  a  Man  non  compos  mentis,  or  riot  in  his 
right  senses.  By  James  Cowgill,  Cur." 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 
Grmdleton,  Clitheroe. 

NANCY  PARSONS,  LADY  MAYNARD. — The 
precise  date  of  the  death  of  this  famous 
lady  does  not  appear  to  be  known.  She, 
of  course,  was  "  the  Duke  of  Graf  ton's  Mrs. 
Horton,  the  Duke  of  Dorset's  Mrs.  Horton, 
everybody's  Mrs.  Horton  "  ;  and  in  June, 
1776,  she  married  Charles,  second  Viscount 
Maynard.  In  G.  E.  C.'s  '  Peerage '  it  is 
stated  that  "  she  is  said  to  have  died  about 
1808,"  and  the  authority  for  this  statement 
appears  to  be  Baker's  '  History  of  Northamp- 


tonshire,' ii.  190.  Helen  Maria  Williams, 
however,  in  '  A  Narrative  of  Events ....  in 
France,'  pp.  135-6,  gives  a  graphic  descrip- 
tion of  her  funeral,  which  she  alleges  to  have 
taken  place  in  the  winter  of  1814-15.  Pro- 
bably the  latter  writer  is  correct,  but  I  have 
not  been  able  to  find  any  obituary  notice 
in  contemporary  newspapers. 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

*'  PROXIMO." — We  do  not  find  this  expres- 
sion, as  in  "the  10th  proximo,"  before 
Webster's  '  Diet.,'  edition  of  1864.  Can  any 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  send  us  an  earlier  use  ? 
One  would  think  it  might  occur  as  early  as 
ultimo,  which  we  have  of  1682.  Did  it 
arise  in  American  use  ? 

Thanks  to  those  who  have  sent  early 
examples  of  "  Prussian." 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

Oxford. 

MILTON  :  ALLEGED  PORTRAIT. — This  por- 
trait was  signed  by  P.  V.  Plas,  engraved  by 
G.  Quinton,  published  in  August,  1797, 
by  W.  Stevenson  of  Norwich,  and  sold  by 
the  Boydells.  The  original  was  in  the 
possession  of  Capel  Lofft,  Esq. 

One  would  say  it  is  very  much  unlike 
Milton.  The  nose  is  irregularly  aquiline  ; 
there  is  a  "  goatee "  on  the  chin ;  the 
expression  is  not  agreeable.  Right  hand  on 
left  breast  ;  pilgrim's  staff  and  bottle 
behind  right  elbow  ;  plain  buttoned  coat  ; 
narrow  falling  collar.  Has  the  portrait 
been  identified  ? 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 

36,  Upper  Bedford  Place. 

[See  'Milton  :  Engraved  Portraits,'  ante,p.  445.] 

J.  R.  WILD,  ARTIST. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  enlighten  me  respecting  the  life  and 
works  of  this  painter  of  portraits  and  genre 
subjects  in  oil  ?  I  have  seen  an  excellent 
portrait  group  by  him,  dated  1801 — a 
candlelight  effect,  quite  worthy  of  Wright 
of  Derby.  His  name  does  not  occur  in 
any  dictionary.  G.  H.  S. 

EGYPT  AS  A  PLACE-NAME. — Can  any  of 
your  readers  give  some  instances  of  "Egypt" 
occurring  as  a  field-name  or  place-name  ? 
It  is  found  on  the  Ordnance  maps  near 
Speen,  in  the  KennetJ Valley, >nd  just  outside 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC. 


Sutton  Scotney,  near  Winchester — both 
places  upon  an  old  road  leading  North  from 
Winchester.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
learn  of  any  others  associated  with  such 
remains,  with  a  view  to  determining  the 
derivation  of  the  word.  I  seem  to  re- 
member coming  across  the  name  somewhere 
else  in  connexion  with  an  archaeological 
find.  O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

It  is  too  late  !    It  never  is  too  late 

Till  the  tired  heart  shall  cease  to  palpitate. 

Cato  learned  Greek  at  eighty ;  Sophocles,  &c. 

A.  G. 

The  pomp  and  prodigality  of  [power  ?]. 
I  am  aware  of  "  the  pomp  of  power  "  in 
Gray's  '  Elegy.'  Lucis. 

BOOTH  OF  RAME,  CORNWALL. — At  9  S.  ix. 
65  an  account  is  given  of  Nathaniel  Booth  of 
Mottram  St.  Andrew,  co.  Chester  (1660- 
1745),  and  of  a  Nathaniel  Booth  who  was 
Constable  of  Batley  in  1653,  the  name 
Nathaniel  remaining  in  this  family  for  two 
more  generations. 

I  should  be  glad  of  information  about 
another  Nathaniel  Booth,  who  married 
Joanna  Edwards  at  Rame,  Cornwall,  in  1692. 
He,  too,  had  a  son  Nathaniel,  born  at  Rame 
in  1699,  and  a  grandson,  also  Nathaniel, 
born  there  in  1725.  Who  was  this  Nathaniel 
Booth  ?  Family  tradition  says  that  he 
was  a  relative  of  the  then  Lord  Delamere — 
of  the  Cheshire  family,  that  is.  This  is 
incidentally  supported  by  the  fact  that 
this  family  did  at  that  date  by  intermarriage 
become  connected  with  Cornwall,  and 
represented  a  Cornish  borough  or  boroughs 
in  Parliament.  Further,  the  Rame  family 
was  fairly  well-to-do,  the  son  having  divided 
12,0001.  among  his  daughters  as  marriage 
portions.  There  are,  too,  no  wills  of  the 
name  of  Booth  in  Cornwall  before  1800, 
other  than  those  of  this  Rame  family,  and 
only  one  in  Devon,  and  that  about  1599. 
The  will  of  the  first  Nathaniel  is  not,  how- 
ever, at  either  Bodmin  or  Exeter. 

E.  J.  BALL. 

"  SHALGHAM-ZAI,"  ANGLO-INDIAN  TERM. 
— Can  any  reader  inform  me  as  to  the  origin 
of  the  curious  term  "  Shalgham-zai,"  applied 
in  India,  more  or  less  in  fun,  to  the  natives 
of  Cashmere  ?  Shalgham  means  a  turnip  ; 
therefore  the  name  is  equivalent  to  "  Son 
of  a  turnip,"  and  is  obviously  modelled 
on  the  patronymic  names  of  certain  border 
tribes,  such  as  the  Yusuf-zai,  for  instance, 
"  sons  of  Joseph." 


I  shall  be  glad  to  know  whether  this  term 
is  merely  based  upon  a  real  or  supposed 
partiality  of  the  people  of  Cashmere  for  the 
vegetable,  or  whether  it  is  part  of  some- 
legend,  or  refers  to  some  fact  of  history. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

PRINCE  EUGENE'S  LONDON  STATUE. — 
There  was  formerly  in  Carlton  House- 
Gardens  a  statue  of  Prince  Eugene  of  Savoy,, 
the  famous  general  who,  in  conjunction 
with  Marlborough,  gained  some  of  the  most 
decisive  victories  over  the  French  which  had 
been  achieved  since  the  days  of  Cressy 
and  Agincourt.  Of  the  statue  I  have  been 
unable  to  discover  any  account  other  than 
that  it  was  by  Kent,-  and  that  there  are  two- 
drawings  of  it  in  the  Grace  Collection  (Port- 
folio XI.  No.  78).  Is  anything  known  as 
to  whether  it  still  exists  ?  and  if  so,  where  ? 
J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

HENRY  BARNEWELL,  PREBENDARY  OF 
ROCHESTER. — Henry  Barnewell,  sometime 
chaplain  to  Archbishop  Bancroft,  graduated 
at  Oxford  (from  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 
bridge) B.A.  1584,  B.D.  1611  ;  was  ordained 
deacon  (Peterborough)  1587,  and  priest 
(Rochester)  1588  ;  and  became  Vicar  of 
Aylesford  in  1593,  Rector  of  Ridley  in  1605, 
and  Prebendary  of  the  fourth  stall  in 
Rochester  Cathedral  in  1613.  He  married 
Anne,  daughter  of  Thomas  Willoughby, 
Dean  of  Rochester,  and  widow  of  Edward 
Manning  of  St.  Mary  Cray,  who  survived 
him.  In  his  will,  dated  26  March,  1617 
(Rochester  wills,  probate  not  entered),  in 
which  he  directs  burial  in  Rochester  Cathe- 
dral, and  leaves  money  to  the  preacher  and 
the  poor  at  his  funeral  and  the  poor  of  Ayles- 
ford, he  mentions  his  wife  ;  his  cousin 
George  Barnewell  (executor)  ;  his  brother 
Christopher  and  his  children ;  his  sister, 
wife  of  Richard  Cooper,  and  her  children  ; 
and  Anne,  widow  of  his  brother  Thomas, 
and  her  children.  Is  anything  more  known 
of  Henry  Barnewell  or  his  family  ? 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Streatham  Common. 

SNAKES  :  CRAYFISH  AND  ONIONS. — In 
Country  Life  often  appear  interesting  bits, 
of  folk-lore.  In  the  issue  for  17  October 
a  correspondent  replies  to  an  inquiry  as  to 
how  to  get  rid  of  snakes  infesting  a  house. 
He  says  the  best  way  to  get  rid  of  them  is 
to  plant  wormwood  in  various  places,  or 
"  take  ten  river  crayfish,  and  pound  them 
up  with  a  few  onions."  About  the  applica- 
tion of  the  mixture  he  says  nothing — 
whether  it  is  to  be  put  on  the  tail,  like  salt 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5, 1908.         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


on  the  tail  of  a  bird,  or  laid  about  in  an 
ordinary  way.     It  reminds  me  of  the  roasted 


wonderful    umbrella    mounted  on  a  strong 
bamboo  cane.     It  had  copper  springs  and 
cover   of  dark-brown   Padua   silk.     That 


and  powdered  mouse  given  in   Derbyshire  I  a 

for    various    childish    ailments.     Then   why    seems  to  identify  Col.  Cosmo  Gordon  with 

ten    crayfish  ?     In    folk-lore    numbers    are  |  the  print.  CONSTANCE  SKELTON. 

usually  odd,   and  five,   seven,   or  nine  fish 

would  be  more  likely  numbers.     Can  any 


one  locate  this  item  of  folk-lore  ? 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 


SWANS  :  RIGHT  TO  KEEP  THEM. — The 
Dyers'  Company  have  kept  swans  "  time 
out  of  mind,"  but  seem  to  have  no  record 
of  the  royal  licence  by  which  they  obtained 
the  right  to  do  so.  Any  early  historical 

ORTHOPEDIC  HOSPITAL.— I  have  for  many  mention  of  these  swans  would  greatly  oblige, 
years  believed  that  "  orthopaedic "  ^  was  as  also  references  to  similar  permission 
derived  from  6p06<s  and  TTOVS,  like  opOoirovs,  granted  to  the  Vintners  and  other  public 

**  ,w,~r.i-l~   ^.X«A  *™T~  J.    £*  «J-    "    « 1   XT*  ~  J-    -J.     ~1 1  _1     "K  _  _  IS-*,.  .  «  4-k-i 

Please 


Children  Straight  :   Reflections  after  visiting 
the  Orthopedic  Hospital.     Bv  H.  Hamilton 

Fyfe,"  in  which  (p.  3)  is  the  following  :- 
' 


ITALIAN  GENEALOGY. — Can  any  one  tell 
me    of    some    Italian    book    on    genealogy, 
to    our   Burke    or   Debrett,    which 
give   me   full   and  authentic  geriea- 
particulars  of  the  principal  families 


straight,  smdpais,  a  child.  Here  you  have  the  main  logical  particulars  oi  tne  principal  tamuies 
business  of  the  Hospital,  to  make  children  straight.'*  of  the  Neapolitan  aristocracy  up  to  the 
Is  this  the  originally  intended  derivation  ?  Presfnt  day  ?  Jf  suc,h  a  book  exists,  at 
It  appears  to  be  contradicted  to  some  extent  ^ples  or  anywhere  else,  I  should  be  glad 
by  certain  passages  in  a  leaflet  which  accom-  | to  know  how  and  where  to  Procure  a  copy, 
panied  the  pamphlet : — 

"  Since  the  foundation  of  the  Royal  Orthopaedic 
Hospital  in  1838,  over  300,000  crippled  and  deformed 
children  and  adults  have  been  relieved  or  cured  bv 


•  ™  • 


NICHOLAS  BREAKSPEAR,  POPE  ADRIAN  IV.  : 
CAUSE  OF  HIS  DEATH.—  I  remember  reading 
s     ave    een  reeve    or  cure      y    somewhere,  in  days  long  gone  by,  that  this 

amalgamated   and    called   the 
Orthopaedic  Hospital  "). 


Pope  (the  only  Englishman  who  ever  occu- 
Royal   National  |  pi©d  the  papal  chair)  died  from  being  choked 
by    a    fly ;     but    unfortunately    I    omitted 


The  Orthopaedic  Hospital  is  for  the  cure  of    making  any  note  of  reference  at  the  time, 
cripples  of  alleges,  but  ^especially  its  aim  is  to    and  though   I  have  since  looked  into  most 
-  "ble,   &c.  of  ^e  encyclopaedias,  I  have  been  unable 

speaks    of    "  Orthopaedic  |  to    find    any    confirmation    of    it.     Ranke's 

'  History  '  does  not  go  so  far  back  (1154-9). 

Can  any  reader  kindly  guide  me  in  the 
object  of  my  search  ?         OCTOGENARIAN. 
[The  '  D.N.B.'  says  he  died  of  quinsy.] 


make  those  children  able,"  &c. 
The    leaflet    also 
surgery." 

Does  this  mean  "  straight  child "  or 
"  straight  foot "  surgery  ?  Is  not  the 
suggested  derivation  from  Trais  an  ingenious 
afterthought  ?  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

St.  Austins,  Warrington. 

[The  'N.E.D.'  gives  "Relating  to  or  concerned 


HARRIS,  SILVER-BUCKLE  MAKER. — Is  any 
list  obtainable  of  the  royal  warrant-holders 


with  the  care  of  deformities  in  children"  as  the    under  King  George  III.,  with  their  business 
meaning,  and  derives  the  word  from  French  usage.]    address    or   private   residence?     The   name 


f  *he 


THE  MACARONI  MAGISTRATE. — I  have  just 
purchased    an    old    print    showing    a    buck 
in  a  blue  coat,  with  a  huge  umbrella  under  i  M  . 
his  arm.     The  print  bears  the  inscription,  I  MaJesty- 
apparently    in    writing,     " ri-1      ^     -      A1-  - 
Macaroni  Magistrate." 


*  am 


is  Ha™' 


A  later  hand  has 

spelt  out  the  name  to  "  Gordon."  Am  I 
right  in  believing  that  he  was  Col.  the  Hon. 
Cosmo  Gordon  (1737-1813),  who  killed 
Col.  Thomas  of  the  Guards  in  Hyde  Park  in 
1783  ?  I  notice  from  a  chapter  dealing  with 
him  in  'The  Gay  Gordons,'  by  Mr.  J.  M. 
Bulloch  (pp.  159-64),  that  he  possessed  a 


in  Hatton  Garden  between  1780  and 
and  was  silver-buckle  maker  to  his 
FOOTGEAR. 

Col.    G — n,    the  I      SMITH  FAMILY  OF  WEST  KENNETT,  WILTS. 


— I  should  be  very  glad  to  receive  any  in- 
formation about  the  above  family,  whose 
burial-place  is  at  Avebury,  Wilts.  Is  their 
house  still  standing  ?  The  earliest  record 
I  am  able  to  find  is  in  1623,  when  Richard 
Smith  was  in  possession  ;  and  the  earliest 
legible  inscription  on  a  memorial  stone  in 
the  church  is  to  Thomas  Smith  of  West 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  igos. 


Kennett,  gentleman,  who  died  14  Nov.,  1662. 
What  were  the  arms  of  these  Smiths  ? 

Replies  may  be  sent  direct. 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Ewell,  Surrey. 

PARCEL  POST  IN  1790. — In  '  The  Adven- 
turers,' a  farce,  London,  1790,  we  read  in 
Act  I.  sc.  i.  that  "  Jack  Spavin  bolted  an 
old  apple-woman  into  the  parcel-post  at 
Cripplegate."  How  is  this  early  reference 
to  the  parcel  post  explained  ?  M. 

[The  earliest  quotation  in  the  'N.E.D.'is  from 
Household  Words  in  1859.] 

CAROLINE  AS  A  MASCULINE  NAME. — Tn 
the  first  volume  of  '  A  Selection  of  Curious 
Articles  from  "  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  " ' 
(1811),  p.  69,  the  name  Caroline  appears 
as  the  Christian  name  of  a  man. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  say  if  this  was 
usual  in  1716.  and  if  so,  where  ? 

GEORGE  H.  COURTENAY. 

South  town  House,  Kenton,  near  Exeter. 

H.  F.  WALKER  =  ELLEN  HOWARD.  — 
Wanted  father's  name  of  Ellen  Howard 
who  was  living  with  her  sister  Amelia  in 
1833  at  36,  Portland  Place,  W.,  and  who 
married  in  that  year,  at  St.  James's,  Picca 
dilly,  Henry  Frederick  Walker  of  Roya 
Horse  Guards  Blue  and  Blyth  Hall,  Notts. 

DOCTOR. 

216,  Bohemia  Road,  St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

MANOR  HOUSE  c.    1300  :    JAMES  BELLOT 
OF  CAEN. — 1.  Can  any   one  tell  me  where 
there  is  a  good  specimen  of  manor  hous 
with  homestead  of   date   c.    1300,    as   littl 
altered  as  possible  ? 

2.  Can    any    one    give    me    information 
about  an  Englishman,  James  Bellot  of  Caei 
living  there  about  1580  ?          F.  H.  C.-D. 

LE   BLON  MEZZOS   IN  FOUR   COLOURS. — 
I    have    discovered    three    mezzos    in    four 
colours — red,    blue,    green,    and   yellow — b 
Le  Blon.     As  Le  Blon  only  reproduced  i 
three  or  four  colours  his  mezzos  from  th 
greatest  masters,   I  wish  to   ask  what  th 
discoveries     of     the     last     hundred     year 
amounted  to.     These  three  large  oval  mezzo 
are  very  much    the    best    of  "all  Le  Blon 
works.  JAS.  HAYES,    M.R.S.A.I. 

Church  Street,  Ennis. 

"  His  END  WAS  PEACE." — This  sentenc 
occurs  so  frequently  in  this  precise  form  o 
tombstones  that  it  may  be  presumed  to  b 
a  quotation,  and  not  a  mere  statement  o 
fact.  If  it  is  a  quotation,  whence  is 
quoted  ?  HARMATOPEGOS. 


JUpius, 


T.  MARTIN  POMEROY  AND  THE 

ROMAN  POMGERIUM: 

POUNDBURY. 

(10  S.  x.  382.) 

MR.  MARKS  raises  a  very  interesting  point, 
nd  raises  it  well.  I  have  known  most  of 
tie  facts  he  quotes  for  and  against  my  theory, 
:>ut  I  did  not  state  them  in  my  '  Governance 
f  London '  because  I  was  relying  more 
upon  comparative  custom  than  upon  philo- 
ogical  evidence.  And  I  venture  to  think 
was  right  in  so  doing.  If  this  point  about 
he  pomerium  were  the  only  item  in 
ihe  remains  of  Roman  Lundinium  which 
ent  itself  to  comparative  evidence,  I  should 
ay  my  case  was  weak.  That  it  shares  its 
)osition  with  other  important  items  is 
ihe  first  claim  I  make  for  its  correctness. 

Let    me    take   MR.    MARKS' s    philological 
argument.         Why    should    Anglo  -  Saxons 
adopt  the  Latin  pomarium  only  in  places 
admittedly    of    Roman    origin — Dorchester 
and    London — while    everywhere    else    they 
retained  their  own  native  word  ceppel  with 
its     compound     ceppelbearo,     an     orchard  ? 
.  MARKS  would  probably  reply  that  the 
name    is    Norman,    and    not    Anglo-Saxon, 
and  came  through  the  French  pommeraie. 
My  rejoinder  would  be  that  the  place-name 
Pomer,   Pomers,  should  give  pause  to  this 
supposition  ;    and  further,  that  the  English 
apple  has  held  its  own  against  the  Norman 
everywhere    except    in    towns    founded    on 
ancient  Roman  sites.     For  the  apple  as  a 
natural   fruit   known   to   the   Teutonic   and 
Slav    peoples    see    Hehn,    '  Wanderings    of 
Plants  and  Animals,'  by  Stallybrass,  pp.  399, 
498-9. 

I  am  not  a  philologist,  so  naturally  prefer 
the  appeal  to  comparative  custom.  Now 
in  the  case  of  Mile  End  in  London  and  in 
Colchester  (both  Roman  sites)  we  have  evi- 
dence of  the  ancient  customs  connected 
with  the  pomerium  being  preserved  by  an 
English  name  ('  Governance  of  London,' 
104-6,  384).  This  was  because  the  customs 
themselves  were  continued.  In  English  London 
they  became  part  of  the  later  London  polity. 
But  the  pomerium  itself,  the  geographical  area 
covered  by  it,  was  not  continued  in  English 
London,  and  it  therefore  lost  its  place  in 
the  English  vocabulary.  English  London 
did  not  preserve  the  pomerium  of  Lundinium 
Augusta.  What  has  been  preserved  in  the 
name  of  St.  Martin  Pomeroy  is  the  tra- 
ditional sanctity  belonging  to  the  original 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


site  of  London,  and  of  which  London  Stone 
is  also  a  relic  ('  Governance  of  London,' 
pp.  77,  81,  83). 

I  observe  that  Mr.  Kingsford  in  the 
admirable  collection  of  notes  to  his  edition 
of  Stow's  '  Survey  '  (ii.  332)  says  that  my 
suggestion  "lacks  confirmation."  I  quite 
agree,  and  I  think  it  may  always  lack  it. 
But  I  submit  that  the  philological  evidence 
has  not  disturbed  it ;  and  before  I  can  admit 
that  the  family  of  Pomeroy  gave  its  name 
to  the  place,  I  should  like  to  have  evidence 
as  to  the  source  from  which  the  family 
derived  its  name.  More  likely,  I  think, 
according  to  the  history  of  family  names, 
it  is  derived  from  the  pre-existing  place- 
name  than  vice  versa.  Camden,  indeed, 
notes  that  "  every  town,  village,  or  hamlet 
[in  England]  hath  afforded  names  to 
families"  (' Remaines  concerning  Britain,' 
1657,  p.  113)  ;  and  according  to  Guppy 
('  Homes  of  Family  Names,'  p.  174),  "  Pome- 
roy is  an  ancient  Devonshire  surname,"  and 
also  belongs  to  Dorsetshire,  as  one  of  the 
"  peculiar  names  mostly  confined  to  this 
county"  (p.  189),  both  Devonshire  and 
Dorsetshire  being  important  centres  of  the 
Roman  occupation. 

There  is,  in  truth,  much  more  research 
needed  before  any  one  of  us  can  afford 
to  be  dogmatic  on  these  obscure  and  far-off 
points,  and  the  able  and  careful  criticism 
of  MB.  MARKS  on  my  suggestion  does  not 
shake  my  belief  that  future  research  will 
help  me  rather  than  him. 

LAURENCE  GOMME. 
24,  Dorset  Square,  N.W. 

I  have  read  with  interest  MR.  ALFRED 
MARKS'S  note  upon  this  subject,  and  think 
that  the  balance  of  evidence  is  in  favour 
of  his  contention.  There  is  perhaps  a  topo- 
graphical difficulty  in  the  way  of  accepting 
the  Pomcerium  derivation.  In  Roman  cities 
the  pomcerium  was  a  narrow  strip  of  land 
lying  both  inside  and  outside  the  walls, 
and  Ironmonger  Lane  can  hardly  be  in- 
cluded within  this  definition.  The  conver- 
sion of  St.  Martin  Pomary  into  St.  Martin 
Pomeroy  was  easy,  because  the  difference 
between  the  two  words  was  simply  one  of 
spelling.  In  Magne's  '  Nobiliaire  de  Nor- 
mandie  '  we  find  that  the  family  of  De  la 
Pommeraie,  from  which  the  English 
Pomeroys  are  said  to  have  descended,  still 
holds  a  place  amongst  the  noblesse  of  the 
province.  St.  Martin  Pomeroy  stands, 
therefore,  in  an  analogous  position  to  St. 
Nicholas  Shambles  (S.  Nicolaus  de  Macellis 
or  in  Macella)  or  St.  Michael  le  Querne 


(S.  Michael  ad  Bladum),  and  derives  its  name 
from  the  locus  in  quo. 

I  differ  from  MR.  MARKS  with  regard  to 
the  derivation  of  the  early  forms  Pomer 
and  Pomers  from  pommier,  an  apple  tree. 
If  the  origina  documents  were  examined, 
it  would  probably  be  found  that  the  words 
were  written  with  the  peculiar  twist  which 
denotes  a  contraction,  and  that  Pomer 
and  Pomers  should  be  printed  Pomer' 
(Pomerio)  and  Pomer's  (Pomeriis).  But 
this,  after  all,  is  unimportant. 

W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

May  I  say  a  few  words  a  propos  of  MR. 
MARKS'S  contention  that  Mr.  Gomme  is 
wrong  in  connecting  St.  Martin  Pomeroy, 
London,  with  the  Dorchester  (Dorset) 
"  Pummery "  ?  I  leave  MR.  MARKS  to 
maintain  his  theory  of  the  "  apple  orchard  " 
origin  as  he  thinks  fit ;  but  having  myself, 
"  Consule  Planco,"  paced  with  Mr.  Gomme 
the  grassy  slopes,  the  mounds  and  ditches 
of  Poundbury"  ("an  earthwork  with  a 
Saxon  appellation,"  as  Warne  terms  it  in 
his  'Ancient  Dorset'),  I  was  rather  sur- 
prised that  the  author  of  '  The  Governance 
of  London  '  should  "  identify  this  popular 
name  with  the  more  dignified  addendum 
to  the  saint-name  in  London,  '  Pomroy.'  ' 

It  is  true  that  Poundbury  is  a  Dorchester 
playground  ;  indeed,  I  have  played  many 
a  game  of  cricket  on  it  myself  ;  I  know 
also  that  urchins  still  call  it  "  Pummery," 
never  "  the  Pummery  "  (a  distinction  mark- 
ing a  difference)  ;  but  I  am  convinced  that 
this  stronghold,  with  its  double  vallum  and 
fosse  in  some  places  —  as  it  may  be  seen 
figured  in  Hutchins — has  nothing  to  do 
with  "  the  ancient  Roman  system  of  laying 
out  a  city  "  or  "  the  sacred  unbuilt  ring 
of  land  surrounding  a  city  "  (I  am  quoting 
Mr.  Gomme).  No  other  part  of  the  ceinture 
of  Dorchester,  which  in  my  youth  was 
almost  entirely  unbuilt  over,  bears  such  a 
name,  nor  one  like  it ;  moreover,  the  summit 
of  Poundbury  must  be  little  short  of  half 
a  mile  from  the  walls  of  Durnovaria. 

"  Pummery "  is,  then,  I  believe,  a  hill 
fort  of  pre-Roman  times,  a  stronghold  of 
the  Durotriges — perhaps  their  head-quarters 
before  Maiden  Castle,  the  larger  and  stronger 
camp  a  mile  or  so  away,  was  constructed. 
The  remains  found  by  Mr.  Cunnington, 
when  digging  in  the  partly  filled-in  ditches 
on  the  western  side,  confirm  this  view. 

One  point  more.  When  the  Wilts  and 
Dorset  railway  cutting  was  being  made, 
many  stone  coffins  were  found  on  the  south- 
eastern slope  of  Poundbury ;  and  a  few 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        Lio  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  im. 


years  ago,  when  a  drain  was  cut  from  the 
railway  bridge,  right  through  the  lower 
part  of  the  camp,  past  the  barrack  wall 
(just  where  the  Pomoerium  would  be,  if 
anywhere),  there  I  picked  up  many  frag- 
ments of  Romano-British  urns,  which  I 
still  possess. 

I  submit  that  these  facts  prove  that  this 
part,  at  any  rate,  of  "  Pumbery,"  as  it 
is  called  by  W.  Whiteway  in  his  '  Diary  ' 
(1618-34),  was  used  as  a  burial-ground — a 
purpose  to  which  Mr.  Gomme  will  allow  a 
pomcerium  would  never  be  devoted. 

J.  J.  FOSTER. 

We  have  in  Guernsey  an  illustration  of 
the  early  use  of  pomerium  or  pomarium  in 
connexion  with  the  name  of  a  church.  In 
or  about  the  year  1048  Duke  William  of 
Normandy  gave  to  the  Abbey  of  Marmoutier 
six  churches  in  the  island,  one  of  which 
is  styled  "  Ecclesia  Sancti  Andree  de  putenti 
(v.L  patenti)  pomerio."  G.  E.  LEE. 

St.  Peter  Port,  Guernsey. 


KINGSLEY'S  '  LORRAINE,  LORRAINE, 
LORREE '  (10  S.  x.  210,  278,  377).— This 
poem  was  first  published  in  one  of  the 
magazines,  probably  The  Nineteenth  Century. 
If  one  may  trust  to  a  somewhat  vague 
recollection,  a  note  was  then  appended 
explanatory  of  the  mysterious  "  Barum." 
It  was  to  the  effect  that  the  ring-master 
in  the  circus,  stern  and  unrelenting,  kept 
pacing  round,  whip  in  hand  and  eye  on  the 
performer,  muttering  the  while  "  Barum, 
barum,"  &c.  The  ejaculation  was  not 
believed  to  have  any  specific  meaning.  It 
was  simply  a  rough  accompaniment  to  the 
rhythm  of  the  horse's  gallop,  indicative,  as 
far  as  it  went,  of  the  intense  devotion  to 
business  that  characterized  the  director 
of  the  proceedings.  The  subject  was  dis- 
cussed in  these  columns  some  years  ago, 
when  probably  the  explanation  now  offered 
was  fully  elaborated.  Perhaps  some  one 
may  be  able  to  give  the  reference. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

PARLIAMENTARY  APPLAUSE  :  ITS  EARLIEST 
USE  (10  S.  x.  248,  296,  376).— Respecting 
foreign  equivalents  for  our  "  Hear,  hear  !  " 
as  a  mode  of  Parliamentary  applause,  it 
is  of  interest  to  note  how  Renter's  Berlin 
representative  translated  the  manifestations 
during  the  speeches  in  the  German  Reichstag 
on  10  November,  in  the  course  of  the  debate 
upon  the  Kaiser's  famous  "  interview." 
"  Very  true  "  is  the  phrase  most  frequently 
interpolated,  with  occasionally  "  Quite 


true,"  twice  "  Hear,  hear  !  "  and  once 
"  Bravo  !  "  The  French  Chamber,  it  may 
be  gathered,  mainly  uses  the  phrase,  "  Tres 
OL  £  j  POLITICIAN. 


^HERALDRY  IN  FROISSART  :  "PILLOW'* 
(10  S.  x.  369).—  These  "  piUows  "  are  evi- 
dently the  three  cushions  or  (or  topaz  ), 
lozenge-shaped,  or  pendent  by  the  corners, 
two  and  one,  which  still  occur  quarterly 
(3rd)  in  the  arms  of  the  present  Earl  of 
Moray.  It  is  a  mistake,  however,  to  describe 
them  as  "  gules,"  for  that  should  be  the 
tincture  upon  which  they  are  blazoned. 
Do  not  the  following  lines  upon  the  arms  of 
the  Johnstones  of  "  the  noble  house  of 
Annandale  "  occur  in  '  Marmion  '  ? 

The  Bruce'  s  sable  cross 
On  his  argent  shield  I  bear  ; 
And  Murray's  golden  cushion 
On  his  blood-red  chief  I  wear. 

The  arms  of  Johnston,  Marquis  of  Annan-  • 
dale,  were  :  Quarterly,  1  and  4,  Pearl, 
a  saltire  diamond,  on  a  chief  ruby  three 
cushions  topaz  ;  2  and  3,  Topaz,  an  anchor 
in  pale  ruby.  See  Salmon's  '  Short  View 
of  the  Families  of  the  Scottish  Nobility/ 
1759,  pp.  36,  37,  and  (Murray  arms)  53. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

The  arms  of  Douglas  were  the  well-known 
Argent,  on  a  chief  azure,  three  mullets  of 
the  field,  referred  to  in  Scott's  lines  :  — 


On  the  Chief  three  mullets  stood, 
The  cognizance  of  Douglas  blood. 

T.  F. 


D. 


Thus  Guillim's  '  Display  of  Heraldrie,* 
1611,  p.  213  :— 

"  Hee  beareth  Gules,  three  Cushions  Ermine, 
Buttoned  and  Tasselled,  Or,  by  the  name  of  Red- 
man. Howsoever  these  are  now  taken  for  Cushions, 
others  are  of  opinion,  that  they  are  more  truely 
Pillows,  and  given  to  some  Ancestors  of  this  bearer 
(if  Fame  bee  true)  for  that  by  occasion  of  a  Combate 
challenged  upon  him  by  a  Stranger,  for  the  per- 
formance whereof  the  day  and  place  being  ap- 
pointed, this  man,  being  more  forward  than  the 
Challenger,  came  very  early  to  the  place  at  the  day 
appointed,  and  by  chaunce  fell  on  sleepe  in  his 
Tent :  the  people  being  assembled  and  trie  houre 
come,  the  Trumpets  sounded  to  the  battell,  where- 
upon he  wakened  suddenly,  ranne  furiously  upon 
his  Adversary,  and  slew  him."^ 

WM.  NORMAN. 

MR.  QUILLIN'S  second  query  may  be  due 
to  a  misprint,  arising  out  of  the  similarity 
of  "  arg."  and  "  az.,"  the  usual  MS.  con- 
tractions for  "  argent  "  and  "  azure."  On 
reference  to  Burke's  '  General  Armory,' 
this  seems  to  be  the  case,  for  the  arms  of  the 
first  Earl  of  Douglas,  nephew  to  Sir  James 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


Douglas  who  undertook  to  bear  Bruce' s 
heart  to  Palestine,  are  thus  given :  Arg., 
a  man's  heart  gu.,  on  a  chief  az.  three  stars 
of  the  first.  R.  L.  MORETON. 

[MR.  H.  J.  CLEMENTS  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

BILLY  BUTLER  THE  HUNTING  PARSON 
(10  S.  x.  310,  395).— An  account  of  this 
Dorset  sportsman  and  worthy  appeared  in 
Notes  and  Queries  for  Somerset  and  Dorset 
for  March  last.  It  was  written  by  Canon 
C.  H.  Mayo,  one  of  the  editors,  and  was 
accompanied  by  an  illustration — a  portrait, 
taken  from  a  bust  purchased  by  Canon 
Mayo  at  the  Leweston  Sale  on  10  Sept., 
1906.  The  bust  is  marked  at  the  back 
"  Chalmington  House,  1842.  Duntonsc." 

This  article  states  that  "  Billy  Butler " 
became  Vicar  of  Sturminster  Newton, 
21  Nov.,  1791  ;  ceded  to  Frampton  (a 
rectory),  1  Feb.,  1800  ;  and  died  13  Aug., 
1843,  aged  81. 

He  had  an  elder  brother,  Thomas  (not 
mentioned  by  MR.  VAUGHAN  GOWER),  who 
succeeded  their  father  in  the  rectory  of 
Okeford  Fitzpain  after  the  latter's  death, 
11  Nov.,  1779;  held  also  the  rectory  of 
North  Barrow,  Somerset,  and  the  vicarage 
of  Hannington,  Wilts  ;  and  died  1  April, 
1811. 

Canon  Mayo  quoted  the  third  edition  of 
Hutchins's  'Dorset,'  Grantley  Berkeley's 
'Life  and  Recollections'  (1865),  and  Miss 
Serrell's  'With  Hound  and  Terrier  in  the 
Field  '  (1904)  upon  the  subject  of  his  article. 
JOHN  COLES,  Jun. 

Frome. 

"  DOLLS"  ON  RACE  -  COURSES  (10  S.  x. 
326).  -It  is  interesting  to  note  in  connexion 
with  this  that  in  modern  Dutch  doel  (pi. 
doelen)  is  an  aim,  a  mark,  a  goal. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

FIG  TREES  :  MATURING  MEAT  (10  S.  ix. 
389  ;  x.  53,  96).— Thanks  to  an  article  on 
'  Tender  Joints '  which  appeared  in  The 
Table  of  31  October,  I  am  now  able  to  answer 
my  own  query.  As  this  property  of  the 
fig  tree  seems  very  generally  unknown, 
and  as  I  have  consulted  several  high  autho- 
rities on  botany,  &c.,  only  to  find  them  as 
ignorant  as  myself,  I  think  it  may  be  of 
interest  to  quote  the  following  passage 
from  the  article  referred  to  : — 

"  Any  meat  hung  in  a  fig  tree  can  be  rendered 
perfectly  tender  in  eight  hours  at 'most.  A  joint, 
fresh  from  the  butcher,  should  be  tied  in  a  common 
pudding-cloth  and  hung  on  a  fig  tree,  among  the 
leaves,  and  left  there  for  eight  hours,  after  which 
the  meat  will  be  perfectly  tender,  and  not  only 
that,  but  more  juicy  and  toothsome  than  the  best- 


hung  meat— hung,  that  is,  in  the  ordinary  way - 

The  subject  is  no  new  one,  as  many  old  houses  can 
testify.  I  know  of  four — two  of  them  Elizabethan,, 
two  Inigo  Jones  houses — which  have  a  small  court- 
yard, outside  the  kitchen  door,  round  which  are 
fig  trees  trained  against  the  walls." 

T.  F.  D. 

€  CHOVEVI-ZION  '  (10  S.  x.  407).— There 
is  a  society  of  that  name,  its  object  being 
to  secure  possession  of  Palestine  by  diplo- 
matic methods  ;  but  I  have  never  heard  of 
its  issuing  any  paper  or  periodical.  Possibly 
MR.  SCOT  is  confounding  two  different 
things.  There  was  a  paper  published  some- 
years  ago  by  a  gentleman  who  firmly  believes 
that  the  Anglo-Saxons  are  the  descendants 
of  the  Lost  Tribes.  Whether  it  is  defunct 
or  not  I  have  no  means  of  deciding. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

REINDEER:  ITS  SPELLING  (10  S.  viiL 
170,  258,  358,  416,  451).— The  names  of  the 
parties  to  the  Mamhead  wager,  laid  in  1862, 
are  no  secret.  Punch  printed  the  following 
epigram  : — 

How  rain  in  rein-deer  should  be  spelt, 

Whether  with  e  or  a, 
Burnaby,  Stewart,  and  Ten  Broeck 

The  odds  will  take  or  lay. 
Sure  'tis  but  fair  that  a  and  e 

At  length  should  rise  to  view, 
Considering  how  turfite  swells 
Have  run  on  i.o.u. 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 
36,  Upper  Bedford  Place. 

"DISDAUNTED"  (10  S.  x.  328,  352,  377, 
416). — Fairborne  died  in  1680.  I  do  not 
know  when  his  monument  was  put  up  in 
the  Abbey,  but  the  epitaph  was  printed  in 
1693  in  Dry  den's  miscellany  called  '  Examen 
Poeticum,'  p.  442.  Prof.  F.  J.  Curtis,  of 
the  Akademie  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main, 
has  kindly  looked  at  the  copy  of  this  book 
in  the  library  of  his  "  Seminar,"  and  he 
tells  me  that  the  reading  there  is  "  un- 
daunted." L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg. 

BORN  WITH  TEETH  (10  S.  v.  8,  78,  115).— 
According  to  the  '  Benkei  Monogatari/ 
written  in  the  fifteenth  century  or  there- 
about (in  Hirade's  *  Muromachi  Jidai 
Shosetsu  SmV  Tokyo,  1908,  p.  243),  Benkei 
was  born,  after  a  uterogestation  for  three 
years  and  three  months,  "  with  hair  growing 
down  to  the  shoulders ....  and  with  teeth, 
front  and  molar,  fully  developed."  This 
description  well  accords  with  that  of  King 
Richard  III.  at  the  last  reference  above. 

This  Benkei,  so  popular  a  subject  of  the 
romances  and  arts  of  the  Japanese,  was  a 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  im 


religious  man  celebrated  for  loyalty  as  well 
as  military  skill,  and  is  said  to  have  perished 
in  1189,  fixedly  standing  and  facing  enemies, 
who  sent  a  shower  of  arrows  upon  him. 
Tanabe  is  held  to  be  his  birthplace,  and 
my  wife  has  the  honour  of  having  a  brother- 
in-law  a  lineal  descendant  of  Benkei's 
father.  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

RICHARD  DIGHTON,  CARICATURIST  (10  S.  x. 
407). — Although  Richard  Dighton  has  no 
separate  memoir  in  '  D.N.B.,'  his  indi- 
viduality is  distinctly  vouched  for  in  the 
biography  of  his  father  as  Robert  Dighton' s 
son.  ROBERT  WALTERS. 

The  article  in  'D.N.B.,'  xv.  74,  which 
might  well  have  been  fuller,  mentions  that 
whereas  Robert  signed  himself  "R.  Dighton" 
and  "  Dighton,"  his  son  Richard  wrote  his 
name  in  full.  SIR  CHARLES  KING  will  find 
an  article  on  '  Robert  and  Richard  Dighton, 
Portrait  Etchers,'  in  No.  56  of  The  Con- 
noisseur. A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.  408).— 

Music  of  the  spheres. 

With  respect  to  this  ancient  Pythagorean 
notion  much  evidence  has  alreadv  been 
placed  on  the  file  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  (1  S.  vi.  165  ; 
4  S.  ii.  561  ;  iii.  19,  70),  none  of  which  I 
propose  to  repeat.  I  have  met  with  no 
reference  to  it  in  English  earlier  than 
Florio's  '  Essayes  of  Montaigne,'  1603, 
Book  I.  ch.  22  (1897,  i.  138)  :— 

"  Celestiall  musicke \vonderfull  harmonie 

but the    hearing    senses    of    these    low  worlds 

creatures,    dizzied    and    lulled    asleepe cannot 

sensibly  perceive  or  distinguish  the  same." 

Bishop  John  Wilkins,  '  Discovery  of  a 
New  World,'  1638,  ed.  4,  1684,  i.  42  :— 

"  There  is  no  Musick  of  the  Spheres  ;  for  if  they 
be  not  solid,  how  can  their  motion  cause  any  such 
sound  ? it  is  not  now,  I  think,  affirmed  by  any." 

Malebranch,  '  Search  after  Truth,'  ed. 
R,  Sault,  1694,  vol.  i.  (Book  III.  ii.  83)  :— 

"The  heavens,  by  their  regular  motions,  made  a 
most  wonderful  concert ;  which  men  do  not  hear, 
because  they  are  used  to  it." 

Edward  Young,  '  Night  Thoughts,'  Night  III. 
mentions  "  the  spheres  harmonious  "  and 
"  their  matchless  strain," 

A  strain  for  gods,  denied  to  mortal  ear. 
In    1832    W.    Gardiner    wrote    a    book': 
The    Music    of    Nature ....  to    prove    that 
what  is  passionate  and  pleasing  in ....  singing 
....  and    performing    upon    musical    instru- 
ments is   derived   from  the   sounds   of   the 
animated  world.' 


Dr.  Greenhill,  '  Religio  Medici,'  1881, 
p.  365,  mentions  a  collection  of  passages  in 
Pattison's  ed.  of  Pope's  '  Essay  on  Man,' 
i.  202,  1875,  p.  85,  and  a  discussion  in 
The  Illustrated  London  News,  Nov.,  1880. 

W.  C.  B. 

Was  not  "  the  music  of  the  spheres " 
a  Pythagorean  doctrine  ?  See  Lewis's 
'  Astronomy  of  the  Ancients,'  p.  131. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

'  Hudibras,'  Part  III.  canto  i.,  has  the 
lines 

Her  voice  the  music  of  the  spheres, 
So  loud  it  deafens  mortals'  ears. 

Zachary  Grey  gives  a  long  note  that  might 
be  of  use  to  MR.  STEWART.  M.  N.  G. 

The  lines  referred  to  by  Lucis  are  in  Long- 
fellow's '  Birds  of  Passage,'  in  the  poem  en- 
titled 'The  Fiftieth  Birthday  of  Agassiz.' 
They  run  as  follows  : — 

And  Nature,  the  old  nurse,  took 

The  child  upon  her  knee, 
Saying  :  "  Here  is  a  story-book 

Thy  Father  has  written  for  thee." 

"Come  wander  with  me,"  she  said, 

"  Into  regions  yet  untrod  ; 
And  read  what  is  still  unread 

In  the  manuscripts  of  God." 

And  he  wandered  away  and  away 
With  Nature,  the  dear  old  nurse, 

Who  sang  to  him  night  and  day 
The  rhymes  of  the  universe. 

A.  R.  WALLER. 

Cambridge. 

The  verses  of  which  Lucis  gave  detached 
lines  occur  in  Longfellow's  tribute  to 
Agassiz,  the  distinguished  naturalist,  on 
his  fiftieth  birthday,  28  May,  1857. 

Longfellow,  sixteen  years  later,  wrote 
an  elegiac  sonnet  on  Agassiz,  the  sestet  of 
which  may  not  inappropriately  be  cited  : — • 

Ah  !  why  shouldst  thou  be  dead  when  common  men 
Are  busy  with  their  trivial  affairs, 
Having  and   holding  ?    Why,  when  thou  hadst 

read 

Nature's  mysterious  manuscript,  and  then 
Wast  ready  to  reveal  the  truth  it  bears, 
Why  art  thou   silent?    Why  shouldst  thou  be 
'dead? 

J.  GRIGOR. 

105,  Choumert  Road,  Peckham. 
[Many  other  correspondents  refer  to  Longfellow.  1 

SCOTS  GREYS  :  HISTORY  OF  THE  REGI- 
MENT (10  S.  x.  347,  396). — I  possess  a  copy 
of  the  '  History  of  the  Royal  Scots  Greys,' 
by  Edward  Almack,  which  was  published 
by  Alexander  Moring,  Ltd.,  De  La  More 
Press,  London,  about  eight  months  ago 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


(there  is  no  date  on  its  title-page),  price 
2Z.  12s.  Qd.  This  bulky  volume  contains 
many  illustrations.  At  p.  64  is  a  facsimile 
of  the  'Muster  Roll  of  the  Waterloo  Men, 
2nd  (or  R.N.B.)  Regiment  of  Dragoons. 
Rouen,  llth  September,  1815.'  It  includes 
the  names  of  nine  officers  and  eighty-four 
non-commissioned  officers  and  men.  At 
p.  69  is  a  facsimile  of  fifteen  '  Signatures  of 
•Officers  present  of  the  2nd  (or  R.N.B.) 
Regiment  of  Dragoons  entitled  to  share  of 
Prize  Money  granted  for  the  Waterloo 
•Campaign.  Canterbury,  29  May,  1817.' 
At  p.  155  begins  an  alphabetical  list  of 
officers  of  the  regiment,  past  and  present, 
with  personal  notes. 

In  the  Army  List  dated  "  War-Office, 
10th  March,  18l7,"  of  the  thirty-five  officers 
then  in  the  regiment,  twenty-one  have 
the  capital  letter  W  prefixed  to  their  names. 

W.  S. 

A  list  of  officers  present -at  the  engagements 
on  16,  17,  and  18  June,  1815,  is  given  in  the 
appendix  of  Siborne's  '  Waterloo  Campaign,' 
new  edition,  Constable,  1904.  A.  L.  O. 

HORSEFLESH  (10  S.  x.  245). — The  objec- 
tion of  the  Church  to  the  eating  of  horseflesh 
was  of  course  due  to  the  fact  that  the  custom 
was  connected  with  paganism.  Thus  Menzel, 
.speaking  of  the  Blutmdnner,  or  German 
priests,  says  : — 

"  As  they  generally  sacrificed  and  ate  horses,  the 
eating  of  horseflesh  became  a  mark  of  distinction 
between  heathen  and  Christians.  A  Christian  king 
was  forced  by  the  pagan  Swedes  to  eat  horseflesh  in 
:sign  of  apostasy."—'  Hist,  of  Germany,'  i.  50. 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 
Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

SHOREDITCH  FAMILY  (10  S.  x.  369). — 
:Some  information  may  be  found  in  J. 
Timbs's  '  Curiosities  of  London,'  chapter  on 
:Shoreditch.  I  write  from  memory. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Streatham  Common. 

ANCASTER  (10  S.  viii.  130).— Ancaster 
.stone  is  one  of  the  best  known  in  England. 
It  is  of  a  warm  cream  colour,  readily  worked, 
^and  very  durable.  The  actual  quarries 
.are  situated  in  the  neighbouring  parish  of 
Wilsford.  Although  this  material  has  been 
continuously  used  ever  since  the  time  of 
the  Normans,  the  supply  is  apparently 
inexhaustible.  In  mediaeval  days — as  at 
•present — it  was  largely  used  for  ecclesiastical 
purposes,  more  especially  in  the  Midlands 
-and  the  Fen  Country.  It  will  probably  be 
found  mentioned  in  numerous  Fabric  Rolls 


in  those  districts.  The  late  Lord  Grim- 
thorpe  selected  it  as,  in  his  opinion,  the  best 
stone  obtainable,  for  his  extensive,  though 
not  always  judicious  work  at  St.  Alban's 
Abbey.  Ancaster  itself  stands  upon  the 
line  of  the  old  Roman  Ermine  Street,  and 
is  said  by  some  to  have  been  originally 
known  as  Causennse. 

Ancaster  formerly  gave  the  title  of  Duke 
to  the  Bertie  family.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

Ancaster,  which  occupies  the  site  of  a 
Roman  station  on  Ermine  Street,  and  which 
Horsley  conjectured  to  have  been  the 
Roman  Causennse,  is  stated  to  occur  in 
the  '  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  '  as  "  Andred's- 
cestre,"  which  Flavell  Edmunds  takes  to 
be  the  camp  or  fortified  town  of  Andred 
or  Andrew.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

MITRED  ABBOTS  (10  S.  x.  410). — The 
following  list  will  give  the  principal  abbeys 
in  England  so  dignified.  MRS.  COPE  will 
find  a  list  of  abbots  in  Browne  Willis's 
'  History  of  the  Mitred  Abbies,'  &c.  (1718- 
1719). 
Abingdon. 
Bardney  (Lines). 
Battle. 
Canterbury. 
Cirencester. 
Colchester. 
Crowland. 
Evesham. 
Glastonbury. 
Gloucester. 

Hyde  (near  Winchester). 
Malmesbury. 
(?)  Merton  (Surrey). 
Middleton  (Glos.) 


Reading. 

St.  Alban's. 

St.  Benet's-in-Holme 

(Norfolk). 

St.  Edmund's  Bury. 
St.  John's  of  Jerusalem. 
Selby. 

Shrewsbury. 
Tavistock. 
Tewkesbury. 
Thorney  (Cambs). 
Waltham. 
Westminster. 
Winchcomb  (Glos.). 
York  (St.  Mary's). 


R.  B. 


Peterborough. 
Ramsey  (Hunts). 

Upton. 

SAMUEL  FOOTE,  COMEDIAN  (10  S.  x.  109). 
— I  sent  the  inquiry  at  this  reference  to  the 
editor  of  the  "  Notes  and  Queries  "  column 
of  The  Cornish  Telegraph,  in  which  it  duly 
appeared.  The  following  reply  from  Mr. 
Thomas  Foote  of  Trenwheal,  Godolphin,  was 
published  in  the  issue  of  12  November,  and 
is  worth  reprinting  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  : — 

" As  I  have  in  my  possession  the  pedigree  of 

the  Foote  family  from  the  year  1550  (earlier  genea- 
logy not  preserved,  and  relationships  until  about 
1665  conjectured  only),  together  with  the  Foote 
family  coat  of  arms  and  its  motto  (Spes  Una  Deus), 
I  thought  it  might  be  of  interest  to  some  of  your 
readers. 

"  In  the  first  place  I  may  say  that  there  is  no 
doubt  the  Rev.  Dr.  Chafy's  surmise  is  right,  that 
the  Truro  and  Veryan  family  are  the  same  to  which 
the  Rev.  Francis  Hendra  [sic]  Foote  belongs. 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  IMS. 


"  The  first  Saonuel  Foote  of  which  we  have  any 
authentic  record  was  born  in  1550.  His  son  John 
was  baptised  at  Taunton,  St.  Mary's,  1579.  His 
grandson  John,  born  1609,  [was]  buried  at  Taunton 
1697,  leaving  issue  Samuel,  John,  and  others. 

"  Samuel,  born  in  1632,  married  Maria  Keate  in 
1657. 

"John  Justice  Foote,  of  Truro,  born  1634,  married 
Jael  (?  Harnap). 

"  John,  son  of  Samuel  (and  others),  became  lieu- 
tenant in  Col.  Moore's,  afterwards  Lord  Drogheda, 
regiment  of  cavalry  at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne, 
July,  1690,  having  joined  King  William  III.,  pro- 
bably in  Holland,  from  Tiverton,  or  Truro,  or  St. 
Very  an,  Cornwall,  the  family  being  in  these 
counties  at  this  time. 

"John  Foote,  born  in  1678,  became  M.P.  for 
Tiverton,  and  married  Eleanor,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Edward  Goodere.  The  title  is  now  extinct. 

"Samuel  Foote,  the  comedian,  was  baptised  at 
Tniro,  1721,  and  died  in  1777,  and  was  buried  in  the 
cloisters  of  Westminster  Abbey. 

"  My  father,  Richard  Foote,  a  grandson  of  Samuel 
Foote,  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Adams, 
yeoman,  who  had  an  estate  at  Chagford,  Devon, 
but  who  farmed  Ramsdown,  Milton  Abbot,  Devon, 
a  brother  of  the  father  of  Prof.  Adams,  astronomer, 
who  resided  at  Stoke,  Cornwall,  and  to  whose 
memory  a  memorial  tablet  is  erected  in  Truro 
Cathedral.  These  notes  may  be  of  interest  to 
some." 

W.  ROBERTS. 

LEGENDS  ABOUT  THE  MOON  (10  S.  x. 
347). — In  a  book  of  travels  published  in 
1838 

')  there  is  a  strange  story  about  the  moon,  which  is 
little  better  than  their  usual  ignorant  notions.  The 
moon,  they  say,  wished  to  send  a  message  to  men, 
and  the  hare  said  that  he  would  take  it.  'Run, 
then,'  said  the  moon,  *  and  tell  men  that  as  I  die, 
and  am  renewed,  so  shall  they  also  be  renewed.' 
But  the  hare  deceived  men,  and  said,  '  As  I  die  and 
perish,  so  shall  you  also.'  Old  Namaquas  will  not 
therefore  touch  hare's  flesh ;  but  the  young  men 
may  partake  of  it:  that  is,  before  the  ceremony  of 
making  them  men  is  performed,  which  merely  con- 
sists in  slaughtering  and  eating  an  ox  or  a  couple 
of  sheep."— Sir  James  Edward  Alexander's  'An 
Expedition  of  Discovery  into  the  Interior  of  Africa, 
through  the  Hitherto  Undescribed  Countries  of  the 
Great  Namaquas,  Boschmans,  and  Hill  Damaras,' 
i.  169. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  these 
Namaquas  lived  round  Walfirch  Bay,  on  the 
south-west  coast  of  Africa,  now  included  in 
German  territory.  .VYEAHR. 

"  BAAL-FIRES  "  :  "BONFIRE"  (10  S.  x. 
206,  251,  315,  353,  391).— In  a  note  to 
{ The  Lady  of  the  Lake,'  iii.  5,  Scott  quotes 
"  from  the  geographical  collections  made 
by  the  laird  of  Macfarlane  "  as  follows  :— 

"There  is  bot  tw9  myles  from  Inverloghie,  the 
church  of  Kilmalee,  in  Loghyeld.  In  ancient  tymes 
there  was  ane  church  builded  upon  ane  hill,  which 
was  above  this  church,  which  doeth  now  stand  in 
this  toune  ;  and  ancient  men  doeth  say,  that  there 
was  a  battell  foughten  on  ane  litle  hill  not  the  tenth 


part  of  a  myle  from  this  church,  be  certaine  men* 
which  they  did  not  know  what  they  were.  And 
long  tyme  thereafter,  certaine  herds  of  that  toune,. 
and  of  the  next  toune,  called  Unnatt,  both  wenches 
and  youthes,  did  on  a  tyme  conveen  with  others  on 
that  hill ;  and  the  day  being  somewhat  cold,  did 
gather  the  bones  of  the  dead  men  that  were  slayne 
long  tyme  before  in  that  place,  and  did  make  a  tire 
to  warm  them "—Macfarlane,  id  supra,  ii.  188. 

I  do  not  know  the  date  of  this  Macfarlane. 

L.  R.  M.  STBACHAN. 
Heidelberg. 

PROF.  SKEAT  writes  of  Belgian  evidence- 
that  bones  were  burnt  in  bonfires.  Has- 
he  come  across  the  very  clear  reference  to 
this  in  the  popular  Hawick  song  '  Pawkie- 
Paiterson's  Auld  Grey  Yaud  '  ? 

In  this  ballad — a  ninety-year-old  variant 
of  the  English  '  Poor  Old  Horse ' — the- 
"  yaud  "  (jade)  bequeaths  her  skull,  "  shank- 
banes,"  and  hide.  Finally, 

And  a'  the  callants  o'  Hawick  loan 
Will  mak'  baneh'res  o'  mei ; 
I  'm  pawkie  Paiterson's  auld  grey  yaud, 
Sae  that 's  the  end  o'  mei. 

F.  STJLLEY. 

MEDITERRANEAN  (10  S.  x.  308,  351,  376). 
— Regarding  the  reply  at  the  last  reference,. 
I  should  like  to  point  out  that  the  Murray's 
'Handbooks'  which  I  quoted  (p.  351)  say 
that  the  Turkish  "  White  Sea  "  means  the- 
-^Egean,  not  the  whole  Mediterranean. 

The  above  makes  little,  if  any,  difference- 
as  to  D.'s  conclusion. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

I  think  D.  has  made  a  slip.  The  sea. 
known  to  English  people  and  all  English 
maps  as  the  "  White  Sea  "  has  no  maritime- 
connexion  with  the  Baltic.  H.  S. 

I  do  not  pretend  that  my  remark  will  help 
the  solution,  but  it  may  interest  some  to- 
know  that  mediaeval  Hebraists  always- 
refer  to  the  Mediterranean  as  the  "  Yom 
Hachetzoun,"  or  "  Middle  Sea,"  the  sea 
"  dividing "  Europe  from  Africa,  &c.,  de- 
riving, as  it  seems  to  me,  the  idea  from, 
the  Greek  //.ecroycuos.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

GUERNSEY  LILY  (10  S.  x.  368,  412).— 
Southey's  '  Commonplace  Book '  gives  a- 
great  deal  too  commonplace  an  account  of 
the  introduction  of  this  loveliest  amongf 
lilies  into  the  island  of  Guernsey.  In  the- 
early  days,  when  the  fairy  men  came  to- 
Guernsey  to  look  for  wives, 

"  one  carried  away  the  beautiful  Michelle  de  Garis 
to  be  his  wife.  Though,  vanquished  by  his  court- 
liness and  grace,  she  was  persuaded  to  fly  with  him 
back  to  fairyland,  she  could  not  quite  forget  the 
father,  mother,  and  brothers  whom  she  had  left' 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


457 


Behind  her  in  their  cottage  down  by  Vazon  Bay. 
So  she  begged  him  to  let  her  leave  them  some  slight 
token  by  which  to  remember  her.  He  thought  for 
a,  moment,  and  then  gave  her  a  bulb,  which  lie  told 
lier  to  plant  in  the  sand  above  the  bay.  He  then 
whispered  to  the  mother  where  to  go  to  find  a 
•souvenir  of  her  missing  daughter  ;  and  when  she 
went,  weeping,  to  the  search,  she  found  this  bulb, 
burst  into  flower,  a  strange,  odourless,  beautiful 
"blossom,  decked  with  fairy  gold,  and  without  a 
•soul — for  what  is  the  scent  but  the  soul  of  a  flower  ? 
— a  fit  emblem  of  a  denizen  of  fairyland.  From  that 
time  the  flower  has  been  carefully  cultivated  in 
this  island,  the  Amaryllis  Sarmensis,  as  it  is  called, 
nor  will  it  flourish,  however  great  the  care,  in  any 
of  the  other  islands  ;  it  pines  arid  degenerates  when 
removed  from  the  soil  where  it  was  first  planted  by 
the  elfin  lover." — '  Guernsey  Folk-lore,'  edited  by 
Edith  F.  Carey. 

T  may  add  that  to  this  day  many  families 
in  the  island,  both  gentle  and  simple,  and 
especially  the  gentler  sex,  show  traces  of 
their  fairy  ancestors. 

The  shipwreck  that  your  Japanese  corre- 
spondent asks  about  is  lost  in  legend.  It  is 
said  that  when  the  bulbs  were  saved  from 
it  they  were  taken  for  edible  tubers,  but 
some,  having  been  cooked  and  tasted,  were 
disapproved  of,  and  the  whole  lot  cast  on 
&  piece  of  waste  land,  where,  after  a  short 
time,  they  displayed  themselves  in  all  their 
glory.  They  are  not  to  be  met  with  wild, 
but  do  not  receive  much  attention  from 
gardeners,  and  flourish  best  when  undis- 
turbed. The  soil  in  which  they  are  grown 
is  light  and  covered  with  sand.  They  are 
much  rarer  in  the  island  than  they  were, 
and,  unfortunately,  unscrupulous  vendors 
often  sell  the  Nerine  lily,  a  vastly  inferior 
Amaryllis,  for  the  A.  sarniensis. 

C.    J.    DURAND. 

The  Villa,  Guernsey. 

PIMLICO  :  EYEBBIGHT  (10  S.  x.  401). — 
fares' s  '  Glossary  '  gives  still  another  quota- 
tion for  Pimlico,  as  a  sort  of  ale  : — 

Or  stout  March-beer,  or  Windsor  ale, 
Or  Labour-in-vain  (so  seldom  stale), 
Or  Pimlico,  whose  too  great  sale 
Did  mar  it. 

The  Labour-in-vain  was  the  sign  of  a  negro 
washing  his  face,  and  was  affected  by  shops 
as  well  as  inns  (Davies's  '  Supplementary 
Glossary').  H.  P.  L. 

In  addition  to  the  examples  given,  I  can 
add  Pimlico  Hill,  in  Oxted,  Surrey,  and 
a  place  called  Pimlico,  as  well  as  a  Pimlico 
Wood,  in  the  parish  of  Cudham,  Kent. 
These  are  from  a  very  extensive  list  of 
field-names  I  have  compiled  at  various 
times  from  various  sources,  chiefly  the 
Ordnance  maps.  AYEAHB. 


REGIMENTAL  MARCHES  (10  S.  x.  167,  312, 
352,  377). — Although  not  strictly  pertaining 
to  the  topic  under  discussion,  the  following 
extract  from  Tit-Bits  of  31  October  seems 
worth  including  among  other  replies  : — 

"A  peculiar  custom  obtains  in  the  12th  Lancers — 
the  playing  of  the  Vesper  Hymn,  the  Spanish 
Chant,  and  the  Russian  National  Hymn  every  night 
of  the  year  after  the  '  Last  Post '  has  sounded.  It 
is  said  that  the  playing  of  the  Vesper  Hymn  origi- 
nated in  one  of  the  officers'  wives  presenting  the 
regiment  with  a  new  set  of  instruments  on  condition 
that  the  hymn  was  played  every  night  after  the 
'  Last  Post.'  The  playing  of  the  Spanish  Chant  is 
declared  to  be  a  penance  for  the  sacking  of  a  con- 
vent during  the  Peninsular  War.  No  reason  is 
assigned  for  the  playing  of  the  Russian  National 
Anthem." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 

39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kenningtori  Lane. 

I  think  it  must  have  been  about  the  year 
1870  that  the  6th  Dragoon  Guards  adopted 
"  I'm  ninety-five."  My  father  was  about 
forty-five  years  of  age  when  I  remember 
his  singing  the  first  two  lines,  as  follows  : — 

I'm  ninety-five,  I'm  ninety-five, 
And  to  keep  single  1 :11  contrive. 

It  must  then  have  been  quite  a  new  song. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

Has  your  correspondent  consulted  the 
old  Book  of  Regimental  Marches  in  the 
British  Museum  ? 

(Mrs.)  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

DEAD  ANIMALS  EXPOSED  ON  TREES  AND 
WALLS  (10  S.  x.  149). — From  very  early  days 
the  Chinese  seem  to  have  followed  this 
practice  with  the  owl.  Their  name  for  it, 
Kiau,  is  represented  with  an  ideograph 
composed  of  the  two  letters  expressing  bird 
and  tree.  Hii  Shin's  *  Shwoh-wan  '  (about 
100  A. D.)  explains  this  as  follows  : — 

"  Anciently  it  was  a  midsummer  usage  to  catch 
and  quarter  owls  and  hang  their  heads  upon  trees. 
Hence  now  we  term  the  act  of  hanging  a  human 
head  hau-shau,  i.e.,  making  an  owl  of  the  head. 
This  punishment  was  inflicted  on  the  bird  in  con- 
sequence of  its  reputation  for  an  extravagant  filial 
impiety." 

According  to  the  '  Yuen-kien-lui-han,' 
1703,  torn,  cdxxvii.  fol.  3 la, 
"during  the  Han  dynasty  (B.C.  202— A.D.  219)  a  part 
of  the  Court  ceremonies  at  the  season  of  the  summer 
solstice  was  to  prepare  broth  from  the  flesh  of  owls 
and  to  serve  it  out  to  all  the  officers.  This  is  said 
to  have  been  intended  to  extirpate  these  birds. 
The  day  is  one  on  which  Nature  begins  to  nurture 
all  life  on  the  earth,  whereas  the  owl  habitually 
murders  its  own  mother;  so  the  summer  solstice 
is  made  an  occasion  of  destroying  it." 

At  times  in  this  part  the  bodies  of  moles 
are  gibbeted  in  farm-yards,  but  not  neces- 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        i[io  s.  x.  DEC.  5, 


sarily  on  the  branches  of  a  willow,  as  MB. 
E.  PEACOCK  has  witnessed  near  the  Trent — 
simply  to  warn  off  any  living  mole  that 
may  approach  the  place.  A  similar  motive 
probably  originated  the  custom  in  Northern 
China,  under  the  sway  of  the  Liau  Tartars 
(tenth  to  twelfth  century  A.D.),  of  burning 
moles  on  New  Year's  Day,  in  order,  as  the 
historians  say,  to  avert  influences  of  bad 
omen  (Dr.  O.  F.  von  Mollendorff,  'The 
Vertebra  ta  of  the  Province  of  Chihli," 
Journal  of  the  North  China  Branch  of  the 
Roy.  As.  Soc.,  New  Series,  xi.  54,  Shanghai, 

1877).  KUMAGTJSU   MlNAKATA. 

Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

See  '  Robinson  Crusoe  '  : — 

"I  saw  my  little  crop  surrounded  by  fowls 

Coming  up  to  the  hedge,  I  fired  again,  and  killed 
three  of  them.  This  was  what  I  wished  for ;  so 
I  took  them  up,  and  served  them  as  we  serve 
notorious  thieves  in  England,  viz.,  hanged  them 
in  chains  as  a  terror  to  others." — P.  102,  "  World's 
Famous  Books"  edition. 

ROCKINGHAM. 

Boston,  U.S. 

THAMES  STEAMBOATS  (10  S.  ix.  408). — 
The  letter  inquired  for  is  probably  that 
signed  "  Investigator,"  which  appeared 
in  The  Times  of  5  Dec.,  1862.  It  gives  an 
account  of  a  steamer  named  the  Margery, 
built  at  Dumbarton,  and  brought  to  the 
Thames  in  1815.  The  letter  was  quoted 
in  an  article  on  early  steam  navigation 
which  appeared  in  Fairplay,  of  2  July  last, 
p.  3.  R.  B.  P. 

HAMPSTEAD  IN  SONG  (10  S.  x.  187,  296, 
377). — A  description  of  London  scenery  in 
Thomson's  '  Summer  '  includes  a  reference 
to  Hampstead.  From  the  point  of  obser- 
vation afforded  by  Richmond  Hill,  "  thy 
hill,  delightful  Shene,"  the  poet  depicts  as 
follows  : — 

Here  let  us  sweep 

The  boundless  landscape  ;  now  the  raptured  eye, 
Exulting  swift,  to  huge  Augusta  send, 
Now  to  the  sister  hills  that  skirt  her  plain, 
To  lofty  Harrow  now,  arid  now  to  where 
Majestic  Windsor  lifts  his  princely  brow. 
Thomson  explains  in  a  note  that  by   "  the 
sister    hills "     are    meant     "  Highgate    and 
Hampstead."  W.  B. 

To  the  extracts  given  may  be  added  some 
in  W.  Whitten's  '  London  in  Song,'  pub- 
lished in  1898.  AYEAHR. 

"EVERGLADE":  ITS  DERIVATION  (10  S. 
x.  105,  158). — I  am  afraid  an  A.-S.  origin 
for  this  word  is  out  of  the  question,  as  it 
was  formed  on  j,  American  soil,  according 
to  the  '  N.E.D.'  H.  P.  L.  is  apparently 


unaware,  too,  of  the  fact  that  the  pig  is  not- 
indigenous  to  this  continent.  If  the  word 
"  ever "  be  merely,  as  I  think  it  is,  an 
altered  form  of  "  over  "  in  this  compound, 
whether  as  adverb  or  as  preposition,  it  can 
properly  enough  be  termed  a  prefix,  for 
etymological  purposes.  N.  W.  HILL. 

New  York. 

ARMS  OF  ENGLISH  ROMAN  CATHOLIC- 
BISHOPS  (10  S.  x.  228,  316).— With  reference 
to  MR.  WAINE  WRIGHT'S  second  question,  I 
may  say  that  Bishop  Redman's  tomb  at 
Ely  supplies  another  instance  of  a  bishop 
impaling  the  arms  of  his  see.  It  is  note- 
worthy that  in  this  case  the  paternal  coat 
occupies  the  dexter  side  of  the  shield. 

C.  J. 

"  PETERSBURG  "  OR  "  ST.  PETERSBURG  "" 
(10  S.  x.  306,  357). — In  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue  the  imprints  to  books  published 
in  this  city  spell  the  name  as  often  as  not 
in  one  word — "  Sanktpeterburg."  I  once 
asked  a  Russian  traveller  whether  it  was 
therefore  permissible  to  omit  the  "  St."  at 
all,  and  he  replied  that  this  was  usual  con- 
ventionally, and  sent  me  a  railway  time- 
table with  the  name  "  Peterburg "  alone. 
The  letter  s  is  not  in  the  original. 

A.  WATTS. 

PROVERBS  AND  POPULAR  PHRASES  (10  S.  x. 
281,  374).— H.  P.  L.  has  mistaken  the 
object  of  my  two  contributions  on  this- 
head,  which  was  to  stimulate  original 
research,  and  in  a  specified  direction,  and 
not  the  consultation  of  books  of  reference. 
ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

DR.  BEAUFORD,  RECTOR  OF  CAMELFORI> 
(10  S.  x.  349,  412).— I  am  much  obliged  to 
MESSRS.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT  and  A.  L. 
HUMPHREYS  for  their  information  concerning 
the  above.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

BREMBRE  OR  BRAMBRE  (10  S.  x.  306). — 
The  name  is  certainly  written  "  Brembre  " 
in  the  vivacious  contemporary  petition 
printed  in  vol.  iii.  of  the  '  Rolls  of  Parlia- 
ment,' at  pp.  225-6.  Q.  V. 

"  THE  BONNIE  CRAVAT,"  TAVERN  SIGN 
(10  S.  x.  365).— The  'English  Dialect 
Dictionary '  appears  to  justify  MR.  FYN- 
MORE'S  supposition  that  a  "  cravat "  or 
"  carvet "  is  something  akin  to  a  thick 
hedgerow.  We  are  there  told  that  in  Kent 
a  "  carvet  "  is  "a  thick  hedgerow  ;  a  copse 
by  the  roadside ;  a  piece  of  land  carved 
out  of  another." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


JKisrdlanmts. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
The  Quarterly  Eevieio :  October.    (John  Murray.) 

MR.  W.  A.  BAILLIE-GROHMAN  supplies  an  article 
on  the  field  sports  of  the  Middle  Ages  which  will  be 
of  great  interest  to  not  a  few  readers  of  '  N.  £  Q.' 
These  sports  were  the  delight  not  only  of  kings,  but 
also  of  almost  every  layman  who  had  land  and 
possessed  a  good  horse.  Priests,  however,  might 
not  enjoy  the  pleasures  of  the  chase,  but  we  do  not 
imagine  that  this  law  was  ever  rigidly  enforced; 
perhaps  dispensations  were  given,  or  it  may  be  that 
ecclesiastics,  in  this  as  in  other  more  serious 
matters,  often  assumed  the  privilege  of  doing  with- 
out them,  as  it  v/as  a  common  belief,  as  Mr.  Baillie- 
Grohman  tells  us,  that  field  sports  were  necessary 
for  promoting  health  and  long  life,  and  some  people 
even  whispered  that  the  neglect  thereof  perilled  the 
soul's  salvation.  If  the  latter  thesis  was  ever 
seriously  maintained,  we  have  not  been  so  fortunate 
as  to  come  across  the  statement,  and  we  know  that 
some  of  the  more  thoughtful  of  the  ecclesiastics  of 
the  Middle  Ages  were  not  sparing  in  their  denuncia- 
tion of  a  life  devoted  to  sport.  Alcuin  is  an  early 
example.  In  a  letter  to  the  community  of  Jarrow 
he  bids  the  young  men  remember  their  illustrious 
forefathers  and  devote  themselves  to  higher  things 
than  driving  foxes  out  of  their  holes  or  running 
after  hares.  The  '  Roman  des  Debuits '  must  be  a 
most  interesting  work.  It  was  written  by  the  royal 
chaplain  Gace  de  la  Buigne,  and,  as  is  evident,  nas 
been  carefully  studied  by  Mr.  Baillie-Grohman. 
This  cleric  filled  the  post  of  chaplain  to  "John  the 
Good,"  remaining  with  his  master  a  great  part  of 
the  time  that  he  was  a  captive  in  this  country. 
Much  of  the  work  is  believed  to  have  been  dictated 
by  the  King  to  Gace  while  here.  The  work  appears 
to  be  extremely  good  of  its  kind,  but  far  too  much 
clogged  by  mystical  theology  to  suit  the  taste  of  a 
twentieth-century  sportsman.  As  a  signal  of  the 
death  of  the  stag  the  "prize"  is  blown,  and  the 
author  remarks  regarding  it  that  "no  man  who 
hears  such  melody  would  wish  for  any  other  in 
Paradise."  Hunting-horns  were  used  wherever 
•field  sports  were  pursued,  and  those  of  English 
manufacture  were  considered  of  special  excellence  : 
German  nobles  imported  them  ;  and  Louis  of 
Orleans,  brother  of  Charles  VI.  of  France,  acquired 
at  one  time  twenty-three  from  London,  for  which 
he  paid  117  francs.  The  best  treatise  on  the  music 
of  the  chase  occurs  in  Hardouin's  'Tre"sor  de  la 
Venerie,'  written  in  1394.  There  exists,  so  far  as  is 
known,  but  one  manuscript  copy.  It  was  pub- 
lished upwards  of  fifty  years  ago  in  an  impression 
that  has  now  become  scarce. 

'  Vagrants,  Beggars,  and  Tramps,'  by  Mr.  John 
Copke,  is  another  interesting  paper.  There  is  an 
opinion  widely  diffused  that  there  was  little 
vagrancy  in  this  country  before  the  fall  of  the 
monasteries,  and  the  great  changes  of  property 
consequent  thereon.  We  fully  recognize  the  fact 
that  many  of  the  working  classes  who  aforetime 
lived  in  comfort  were  by  this  rendered  homeless 
and  desolate  ;  but  it  is  a  mistake  to  assume  that 
vagrancy  suddenly  became  a  new  thing  in  England 
during  the  Tudor  time.  There  had  been  all  along 
a  set  of  people  who  were  wanderers  as  much  from 
mere  pleasure  as  because  they  could  not  obtain  the 


necessaries  of  life  where  they  were.  "Whatever 
poetry  is  in  the  vagabond  lies  here,"  and  Mr.  Cooke 
further  adds,  "  it  is  this  that  gives  him  a  place  in 
the  literature  of  all  ages."  We  are  here  in  complete 
harmony  with  him.  We  have  known  not  a  few 
cases  of  the  kind.  There  are  men  who  revolt 
against  continuous  work,  though  for  a  short  time 
they  enjoy  labour,  and  could  maintain  themselves 
if  they  had  the  faculty  of  working  for  more 
than  a  few  days  at  one  time  or  in  one  place.  These- 
restrictions  they  will  not  long  tolerate,  however 
liberally  they  are  recompensed.  The  stringent 
forest  laws  of  the  Normans  no  doubt  increased 
vagrancy  ;  they  impelled  those  who  had  the- 
sporting  passion  to  hide  in  the  great  forests 
which  then  occupied  a  large  part  of  England,  or 
to  lurk  in  the  wide  fenlands  where  fishing  and 
bird-snaring  were  ever-changing  and  delightful 
occupations. 

The  wars  of  Stephen's  reign  much  increased 
this  evil,  but  we  think  matters  improved  somewhat 
under  the  second  Henry.  He  was  a  man  of  mixed 
character.  It  is  easy  to  speak  ill  of  him,  but  he 
had,  notwithstanding  all  his  faults,  and  his  constant 
quarrels  with  ecclesiastical  authority,  a  good  and 
generous  side  to  his  character.  He  was  not  without 
deep  religious  feelings,  which  lay  at  the  back  of  a 
wild,  profligate,  and  despotic  nature.  He,  however, 
knew  full  well  that  though tfulness  for  the  poor  was 
one  of  those  things  required  of  a  king,  and  we 
believe  that  when  not  carried  away  by  passion  he 
strove  to  obey  the  dictates  of  his  conscience. 
Things  seem  to  have  become  far  worse  when  John 
appeared  on  the  scene,  and  were  little,  if  any, 
better  during  the  long  reign  of  his  son.  When, 
however,  the  Black  Death  of  1348  visited  our  shores, 
a  great  change  followed  ;  villenage  began  to  die  out, 
or  rapidly  became  a  very  lenient  form  of  servitude. 
It  virtually  became  extinct  in  the  Tudor  time, 
though  in  name  at  least  it  lasted  until  the 
reign  of  James  I.  We  have  not  space  for  the 
discussion  of  what  people  used  to  call  the  old 
poor  law.  Hardly  two  persons  who  understand 
its  provisions  agree  as  to  what  it  was  intended 
to  produce. 

Prof.  Ridgeway's  paper  on  'The  Origin  of 
Tragedy '  will,  so  far  as  it  extends,  be  found  useful, 
but  it  deals  too  curtly  with  a  vast  subject. 

'  The  Inns  of  Court,'  by  Mr.  C.  E.  A.  Bedwell, 
is  open  to  a  similar  objection.  An  interesting 
sketch  is  given,  but  a  student  of  the  history  of 
English  law  requires  far  more  than  it  is  possible 
to  compress  into  a  review. 

THE  Angus  collection  of  Baptist  books,  which 
has  been  previously  mentioned  in  '  N.  &  Q..'  is  now 
easy  of  reference,  as  the  Rev.  G.  P.  Gould,  the 
President  of  Regent's  Park  College,  where  the 
books  are  placed,  has  made  a  catalogue  of  them, 
and  it  is  now  issued  by  the  Kingsgate  Press  in  a 
handsome  quarto  volume,  the  paper  and  print  being 
all  that  can  be  desired.  Mr.  Gould  expresses  the 
hope  "  that  the  contents  of  the  Angus  Library, 
made  thus  more  readily  accessible,  will  render 
effective  service  in  stimulating  and  assisting  deno- 
minational research."  This  should  certainly  be  the 
result,  for  no  history  of  the  Baptists  can  possibly 
be  written  without  reference  to  this  valuable  col- 
lection of  Baptist  literature.  What  is  now  wanted 
is  a  good  Baptist  Biographical  Dictionary,  to  give 
some  account  of  the  writers  whose  works  are  in  the 
library. 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        tio  s.  x.  DEC.  5,  am. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— DECEMBER. 

MESSRS.  BR9WNE  &  BROWNE'S  Newcastle  Cata 
logue  93  contains  a  set  of  the  Transactions  of  th< 
Institute  of  Naval  Architects,  111.  10s.  ;  also  of  th< 
Newcastle  Society  of  Antiquaries,  very  scarce,  30£ 
American  items  include  Godwyn's  'Negro's  anc 
Indian's  Advocate,'  printed  for  the  author,  1680,  51 
Works  on  art  include  Pennell's  'Charles  Keene, 
.31.  12s.  6d- ;  and  Bryan's  'Painters,'  5  vols.,  51.  5s, 
Under  Bewick  will  be  found  '  ^Esop,'  Newcastle, 
1818,  SI.  8s. ;  and  '  Select  Fables,'  1820,  10^.  (both 
large-paper  and  uncut).  Other  books  are  Campbell's 
'  Chancellors  and  Justices,'  best  edition,  10  vols., 
uncut,  1849-69,  4£. ;  '  More  Victories  of  Great 
Britain,'  42  choice  coloured  plates  by  Sutherland, 
Lewis,  and  others,  very  rare,  1824,  9/.  9s.  ;  the 
•'  Martial  Achievements,'  1815,  9/.  9s.  ;  first  edition 
•of  '  Master  Humphrey's  Clock,'  3  vols.,  18s.  ;  the 
rare  first  edition  of  '  Sketches  by  Boz,'  1836-7,  4/.  ; 
and  Eden's  '  State  of  the  Poor,''  3  vols.,  4to,  1797, 
8/.  10s.  There  is  a  fine  example  of  Ben  Jonson,  folio, 
calf  extra  by  Riviere,  1640,  11.  10s.  A  copy  of  the 
first  English  Translation  of  '  Luther's  Table  Talk,' 
1652,  is  priced  21.  2s.  Under  Cruikshank  is  the  rare 
first  edition  of  '  Life  in  London,'  1821,  8/.  This  is  a 
fine  clean  copy. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  sends  Part  II.  of  his  Cata- 
logue of  Old  English  Literature.  Among  items  of 
unusual  interest  are  herbals  and  garden  books, 
including  Gervase  Markham's  '  The  Country  Man's 
Recreation,'  1640,  11.  16s.  Among  other  entries  are 
first  editions  of  the  following  :  Gay's  'Fables,'  very 
rare,  201. ;  '  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,'  also  very  rare, 
1766,  951.  ;  Froissart,  1523-5,  26^.  ;  Gray's  '  Odes,' 
1757,  8/.  8s.  (the  first  book  printed  at  Strawberry 
Hill);  Locke's  'Human  Understanding,'  1690, 
31.  10s.  ;  and  *  Paradise  Lost,'  first  edition,  seventh 
title,  small  4to,  1669,  301.  There  are  some  beautiful 
Hone,  1498,  1527-41.  Among  painted  and  illu- 
minated manuscripts  is  a  Missal  of  great  beauty, 
with  upwards  of  40  miniatures,  fifteenth  century, 
200/.  It  was  formerly  in  the  collection  of  the  Duke 
of  Hamilton.  Under  Ben  Jonson  are  two  important 
items  :  a  copy  of  Minucius's  '  Octavius,'  24mo,  1627, 
which  belonged  to  Jonson,  and  bears  inscriptions 
and  annotations  in  his  handwriting,  45£.  ;  and  his 
'Execration  against  Vulcan,'  1640,  Izaak  Walton's 
copy  with  his  autograph  signature,  the  Christian 
name  in  full,  a  rare  form,  and  many  interlineations 
by  Walton,  20^. 

Mr.  E.  Joseph's  Catalogue  5  contains  under 
Hablot  Browne  a  series  of  12  original  water-colours, 
'  The  Rivals,'  represented  by  two  boys  bringing 
presents  to  a  little  girl,  30  guineas.  Under  Byron 
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14  vols.,  small  4to,  4?.  10s.;  and  Finden's  'Illustra- 
tions,' 3  vols.,  in  27  parts  as  issued,  half-morocco, 
1833,  21.  2s.  Croker's  '  Boswell's  Johnson,'  5  vols., 
half-calf,  1831,  \s2l.ls.6d.;  Chaucer, Pickering,  1830, 
5  vols.,  uncut,  scarce,  4Z.  10s.;  I-amb's  'Tales  from 
Shakespeare,'  third  edition.  20  plates  by  Blake, 
2  vols.,  uncut,  original  labels,  1816,  21.  2s.;  '  Peter 
Simple,'  first  illustrated  edition,  3  vols.,  uncut, 
1837,  51.  5s. ;  Pyne's  '  Royal  Residences,'  3  vols.,  fine 
copy,  1819,  16  guineas ;  Sowerby's  '  Botany,'  1832-48, 
12  vols.,  81.  8s.;  and  Ralston's  '  Songs  of  the  Russian 
People,'  14s.  A  list  under  London  includes  Pen- 
nant, extra-illustrated,  with  136  portraits  and 
views,  morocco  extra,  1813,  11.  15s.  A  copy  of 
Manning  and  Bray's  'Surrey,'  3  vols.,  folio,  russia, 


1804,  is  14/.  10*.  There  is  a  collection  of  Voyages 
aind,  T™avels'  vAriAndel  Society's  publications,  in- 
clude Maynard  s  Descriptive  Notices,'  1849  to  1873 
2  vols.  in  1,  folio,  half  -morocco,  1869,  41.  10s.  Maynard 
was  for  many  years,  until  his  death,  the  secretary  of 
the  Society. 

Messrs.  Henry  Sotheran  &  Co.'s  Price  Current 
687  is  the  first  part  of  a  Catalogue  of  Works  in 
Classical  Literature,  Philology,  and  Archaeology. 
Ihe  first  portion  is  devoted  to  Greek  and  Latin 
authors,  including,  of  course,  many  rarities.  Under 
Anacreon  are  the  edttio  princeps  of  the  Odes  and 
the  edition  in  Latin  printed  by  Thomas  Richard 
b°}"?d  ln,  °ne  volume,  1554-5,  21.  2s.  The  second 
edition  of  Archimedes,  1615,  is  11.  5s.  ;  and  Bekker's 
edition  of  Aristotle,  1831-6,  4  vols.,  31.  3s.  Under 
Auctores  Latini  Veteres  is  a  series  of  64  vols.,  12mo 
old  French  mottled  calf,  1753-89,  11.  Is.  Under 
Euclid  is  a  large  and  fine  copy  of  the  first  printed 
?doJi10o,>>/olm!  old  stamPed  leather  in  oaken  boards, 
1482  281.  There  is  also  the  second  edition,  1491, 

vi  iKnA-taJJ  and  fresh  c°Py  of  the  Aldine  Euri- 
pides, 1503,  is  61.  15s.  ;  and  Rawlinson's  '  Herodotus  ' 
4  vols.,  half-mcrocco  by  Riviere,  1858-60,  31  10s 

Under  Pindar  is  a  large  and  sound  copy  of  the 
Aldme  edition  1513,  61.  6s.  Plato,  translated  by 
^7ydnnhmm-  and  Tavlor>  5  v'ols.,  royal  4to,  1804,  is 

r  lrs-  rT,hls  was  Pri»ted  at  the  expense  of  the  Duke 
of  Norfolk,  who  locked  up  nearly  the  whole  edition 
in  his  house,  where  it  remained  until  long  after  his 
decease.  A  copy  of  the  'Dialogues,'  translated 
by  Jowett,  5  vols.,  8vo,  half-levant,  is  61.  6s 
An  example  of  the  first  issue  of  the  first  edition  of 
Sophocles  is  of  special  interest,  as  it  formerly 
belonged  to  Richard  Porson,  1502,  12/.  12s.  Among 
a  number  of  Greek  Testaments  is  George  I.'s  copy 
ol  the  edition  printed  from  the  types  of  Claude 
Garamond,  1550,  11.  5s.  According  to  Dibdin,  "  the 
text  is  allowed  to  be  not  only  more  correct  than 
that  of  the  foregoing  editions,  but  to  be  the  parent  of 
almost  all  the  subsequent  ones."  The  portion  of 
the  Catalogue  devoted  to  Greek  and  Latin 
Philology:  History  of  Classical  Literature,  con- 
tains over  four  hundred  items.  Mr.  Sotheran 
appends  an  amusing  note  to  the  last  edition  of 
Withalss  'Dictionary  in  English  and  Latine  ; 
devised  for  the  Capacitie  of  Children  and  Young 
Beginners,'  12mo,  1634,  51.  5s.  :  "All  editions  of  the 
work  have  now  become  very  rare,  both  from 
constant  thumbing  and  from  use  as  scholastic 

6  present  copy  is  in 


[Notices  of  several  other  Catalogues  are  held  over 
from  lack  of  space.] 


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461 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  13,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  259. 

NOTES  :— The  Manors  of  Neyte,  Eybury,  and  Hyde,  461— 
Inscriptions  at  Florence,  463— Dr.  Johnson's  Ancestors, 
465— Aldermen  of  Bishopsgate,  466— "  Teenick  "—Suffra- 
gettes :  '  The  Girl  of  the  Period  Miscellany  '—Richard 
Arundell,  Master  of  the  Mint —Judgment  by  Telegram, 
467. 

•QUERIES :— Raid  of  the  Bishop  of  Norwich  in  1383— 
Justice  Hayes's  '  Within  Temple  Gardens ' — Steepe 
Surname — "Manytice" — Meets  of  Hounds  announced  in 
Church — Pronunciation  of  Iverach — Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted— Daniel  Family— Card  Terms,  468— Tolsey 
at  Gloucester  — ' '  Comether  "  —  Index  Saying — Donegal 
History — M.  Homais — "The  Star  and  Crown,"  Gouclhurst 
— Adrian  Scrope— Roman  Law— Derivation  of  Sparkenhoe 
— The  Curious  House,  Greenwich  —  Benedictine  —  El- 
Serujah,  469— "It  is  the  Mass  that  matters  "—William 
Easby  of  Faceby — "  Morganatic  " — Freeholders  in  the 
Time  of  Elizabeth— Rudge  Family— Vestments  at  West- 
minster Abbey,  470. 

REPLIES  :— Ernisius :  a  Proper  Name,  471  —  Hawkins 
Family  and  Anns,  472  —  Derivation  of  Edinburgh  — 
Pronunciation  of  Bruges,  473— Jacques  Babin,  ex-Noble— 
Toothache — First  English  Bishop  to  Marry,  474 — 'Letters 
left  at  the  Pastry -Cook's,'  475— St.  Godwald— Authors  of 
'Quotations  Wanted— National  Portrait  Gallery— Bridge 
with  Figures  of  the  Saviour,  476— Wilbraham  and  Tabra- 
ham  as  Proper  Names  —  "  Moloker,"  Yiddish  Term- 
Eleanor  Wood  —  Dickens's  Surnames  :  Guppy  —  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Day  —  The  Kent,  East  Indiaman,  477  — 
"St.  Francis's  Moon" — Shakespeare  Visitors'  Books — 
Fleet  Prison,  478. 

NOTES   ON  BOOKS  :—' The  Oxford  Dictionary '—Biblio- 
graphy of  G.  J.  Holyoake— Reviews  and  Magazines. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  MANORS  OF  NEYTE,  EYBURY, 
AND  HYDE. 
(See  ante,  p.  321.) 

THE  site  of  Neyte  Manor  House  being 
now,  as  I  hope,  satisfactorily  determined, 
I  would  bring  together  what  is  found  of  its 
history.  My  search  at  the  Record  Office, 
favoured  by  the  kind  and  valuable  assistance 
of  Mr.  Salisbury,  happily  resulted  in  the 
discovery  of  papers  bearing  on  the  subject 
•of  an  earlier  date  than  hitherto  noticed. 
With  "  Ministers'  Accounts,"  under  date 
14  and  15  Edward  II.  (1320-22),  are  a 
number  of  receipts,  indentures,  &c.,  in 
connexion  with  the  business  of  one  Roger 
de  Gretford,  bailiff  and  keeper  of  "la 
Neyte."  He  is  variously  called  bailiff 
for  our  lord  the  King  at  la  Neyte,  guardian 
of  la  Neyte,  keeper  (custos)  of  the  manor 
of  la  Neyte,  guardian  of  our  manor  of  la 
Neyte,  and  bailiff  of  la  Neyte  near  West- 
minster. These  papers  represent  transac- 
tions relating  to  cattle,  and  show  that  at 
this  time  Neyte  was  used  as  a  place  for 
•collecting  and  distributing  cattle  sent  from 


one  of  the  King's  manors  to  another.  In 
this  use  of  the  place  we  seem  to  have  nothing 
less  than  the  origin  of  its  name — surely 
a  very  interesting  discovery :  Neyte  for 
cattle,  Neyte  House  for  cattle  -  house,  or 
even  cow-house  !  This  as  name  for  the 
manor  house  of  abbots  is  certainly  curious, 
and  indeed  unbecoming ;  yet  there  are 
many  instances  of  homely  names  applied 
to  English  mansions,  and  "  Cow "  is  not 
an  infrequent  prefix. 

A  more  difficult  matter  to  explain  in 
these  accounts  is  that  Neyte  is  termed  the 
King's  manor.  How  did  this  come  about  ? 
Was  not  Neyte  in  the  Abbot's  estate  ? 
The  only  conceivable  explanation  seems  to 
be  that  the  King  held  it  for  a  time  by  arrange- 
ment with  the  Abbot.* 

Forty  years  after  the  time  of  our  finding 
the  King's  bailiff  at  Neyte  we  have  Abbot 
Litlington  there  ;  it  seems  probable  that 
he  was  the  first  of  the  Abbey  lords  to  make 
it  his  residence.  We  are  told  by  Widmore 
('  Hist.  Westmin.  Abbey,'  1751,  p.  102)  that 
"  in  January  preceding  his  election  [in  1362] 
a  high  wind  had  blown  down  most,  if  not 
all,  of  the  Abbot's  manor  houses,  and  that 
these  he  [Litlington]  rebuilt  within  three 
years,  and  better  than  they  were  before." 
It  is  probable  that  Neyte  House  was  at 
this  time  rebuilt,  and  that  it  was  then  that 
the  place  which  had  served  as  a  depot  for 
cattle  became  the  Abbot's  residence,  yet 
retaining  its  old  name.  The  house  lay  a 
direct  mile  from  the  Abbey ;  my  lord's 
way,  however,  would  scarcely  have  been 
direct  across  the  desolate  Tothill  Fields  and 
by  the  Willow  Walk  (if  then  made),  but 
somewhat  circuitously  by  the  Chelsea  Road, 
which  passed  near  Neyte  House.  Or  some- 
times the  Abbot  with  his  subordinate 
brethren,  taking  his  barge  at  Westminster, 
might  be  rowed  up  the  river  to  a  landing- 
place  opposite  Neyte,  and  then,  by  a  path 
of  some  five  hundred  yards  through  the 
meadows,  reach  his  manor  house.  The  situa- 
tion in  those  days  was  remote,  and  well 
suited  for  retirement,  provided  that  the 
Abbot's  retinue  was  sufficient  to  ensure  his 
safety.  His  nearest  neighbours  were  his 
tenants  at  Eybury  Farm,  distant  a  few 
hundred  yards. 

Litlington,  having  rebuilt  Neyte  as  a 
mansion  of  his  time  (he  is  famed  also  as 
builder  of  the  Abbey  cloisters  and  domestic 
buildings),  probably  made  it  his  retreat 
all  the  twenty-four  years  of  his  abbacv, 
and  there  he  died  29  Nov.,  1386. 


";:"  Evidence  of  this  will  follow. 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 


The  house  appears  to  have  been  of  capa- 
city sufficient  to  accommodate  even  a 
princely  retinue,  for  three  years  after  the 
death  of  Litlington,  its  probable  builder, 
the  great  Duke  of  Lancaster,  John  of  Gaunt, 
returning  to  England  after  failing  to  acquire 
the  kingdom  of  Castile,  though  wearing 
the  empty  title,  jure  uxoris,  besought  the 
Abbot,  William  of  Colchester,  for  the  loan 
of  Neyte  Manor  House.  The  Duke's  own 
palace  of  the  Savoy  had  been  burnt  down 
eight  years  previously  by  Wat  Tyler's 
rebel  throng,  and  he  had  need  of  quarters 
convenient  to  the  Parliament  sitting  at 
Westminster,  to  which  he  had  been  sum- 
moned. His  letter,  preserved  with  the 
Abbey  muniments,  is  so  interesting  in  its 
quaint  old  French  and  dubious  spelling  that 
it  I  may  be  acceptable  here  as  quoted  in 
The,  Archceological  Journal,  xxix.  144  : — 

Depar  le  Roy  de  Castille  et  de  Leon,  Due  de 
Lancastre. 

Tres  cher  en  Dieu  et  nostre  tres  bien  ame.  Nous 
vous  salvons  tres  sovent,  et  porce  qtie  nous  sumes 
comandez  par  nostre  tres  redoute  seigneur  le  Roy 
pour  venir  a  cest  son  prochein  Parlement  a  West- 
monster,  et  que  nous  y  duissons  estre  en  propre 
person,  toutes  autres  choses  lessees,  en  eide  et 
secour  del  roiaulme  Dengleterre,  et  sumes  unqore 
tout  destitut  de  lieu  convenable  pour  nous  et 
nostre  houstell  pour  le  dit  Parlement,  vous  prions 
tres  cherement  et  de  cuer  que  vous  nous  yeullez 
suffrer  bonement  pour  avoir  vostre  manoir  del 
Neyt  pour  la  demoere  de  nous  et  de  nostre  dit 
houstel  durant  le  Parlement  susdit.  En  quele 
chose  fesant  tres  cher  en  Dieu  et  nostre  tres  bien 
ame  vous  nous  t'errez  bien  graunt  ease  et  plesaunce 
parent  nous  vous  vploms  especialment  bon  gree 
savoir  et  par  tant  faire  autre  foiz  pour  vous  et  a 
vostre  request  chose  agreable  de  resoii.  Et  nostre 
seigneur  Dieux  vous  eit  touz  jours  en  sa  tres  seinte 
garde. 

Donne  souz  nostre  prive  seal  a  Narbourne  le  xxvii 
jour  de  Septembre  [1389]. 

[Endorsed  :]  A  nostre  tres  cher  en  Dieu  et  tres  bien 
ame  1'abbe  de  Westmonster. 

It  may  be  presumed  that  the  Duke's 
request  was  granted,  for  to  have  refused 
him  would  scarcely  have  been  advisable. 
Half  a  century  after  his  death  his  great- 
nephew  Richard,  Duke  of  York,  the  White 
Rose  leader,  occupied  Neyte  ;  at  least  it  is 
recorded  that  his  Duchess  Cecilia  (Nevill) 
here  gave  birth  to  their  fifth  son,  John 
(d.  young).  This  was  in  November,  1448 
(William  of  Worcester,  '  Liber  Niger,'  ed. 
Hearne,  1728,  ii.  424,  526). 

The  only  other  event  at  Neyte  that  we 
know  of  is  the  death  of  Abbot  John  Islip 
in  1532.  He,  like  his  predecessor,  Litling- 
ton, was  one  of  the  Abbey  builders,  and  the 
''Islip  Chapel,"  prepared  for  his  burial, 
preserves  his  memory  ;  but  his  chief  addi- 


tion to  the  church  was  the  raising  of  the- 
western  towers  to  the  height  of  the  roof- 
ridge,  whence  they  were  afterwards  to 
culminate  in  Wren's  unsympathetic  Gothic. 
The  old  order  was  drawing  to  its  close,  and 
Islip  is  counted  as  the  last  of  the  Abbots  ; 
for  Boston  or  Benson,  who  made  the  sur- 
render and  became  Dean,  is  scarcely  allowed 
to  rank  with  his  predecessors.  So  it  was 
fitting  that  Islip,  dying  "  at  his  manor  of 
Neyt  beside  Westminster  on  the  afternoon 
of  Sunday,  12th  May,  1532,"  should  be 
carried  sumptuously  to  his  burial  in  the 
Abbey.  Happily  there  is  a  funeral  record  : 
"  The  body,  having  been  chested  and  cered,  re- 
mained in  a  large  parlour  in  the  said  place,  which 
was  hung  with  black  cloth  garnished  with  escut- 
cheons of  the  Abbot's  arms  and  those  of  the 
monastery.  The  coffin  was  covered  with  a  rich 
pall  of  cloth  of  gold  of  tissue,  and  surmounted  by 
four  great  tapers  burning  night  and  day.  On  the- 
afternoon  of  the  following  Thursday  the  body  was 
conveyed  to  Westminster  with  a  solemn  procession. 

through  the  streets 'The  trayne  was  from  Neyt 

untill  Touttell  Streete.'  "* 

The  latter  clause  indicates  the  route  by  the- 
Chelsea  Road  to  Tothill  Street,  which  ap- 
proached the  Abbey — doubtless  the  way 
generally  used. 

Neyte,  granted  or  surrendered  (with 
much  more  of  the  Abbey  estate)  to  the  King 
in  1536,  was  in  1547  given  by  Edward  VI. 
to  Sir  Anthony  Browne,  K.G.,f  a  magnate 
of  the  time,  and  apparently  a  greedy  assi- 
milater  of  manors  seized  from  the  monas- 
teries. He  may  have  used  the  place  as 
convenient  to  the  Palace  for  a  short  time, 
but  he  died  the  year  after  getting  it.  The 
after  transfers  of  Neyte  are  not  traced  ;  it 
seems  soon  to  have  become  merely  a  farm, 
and  later  its  gardens  were  well  known  for 
the  entertainment  they  afforded.  Thus 
we  are  shown  by  Mr.  H.  B.  Wheatley  in 
'  London  Past  and  Present '  (ii.  577)  that 
Philip  Massinger  in  *  The  City  Madam ' 
(licensed  1632,  'D.N.B.'),  Act  III.  sc.  i.,. 
commends  "  the  Neat  House  for  munk 
melons,  and  the  gardens  where  we  traffic 
for  asparagus."  The  dramatist  was  a 
Londoner,  and  is  understood  to  refer  to  the 
Neyte  we  discuss  ("Neat" — for  cattle 
— being,  as  I  find,  the  older  spelling),  and 
the  munk  or  monk  melons  had  doubtless 
repute  from  former  cultivation  by  the 
brethren  of  Westminster.  Later,  between 
1661  and  1668,  Pepys,  ever  seeking  enjoy- 
ment, visited  "  the  "Neat  Houses  "  (in  the- 


'Vetusta      Moimmenta'     (Soc.     Antiquaries), 
vol.  yii.  part  iv.,  which  has  several  excellent  repro- 
ductions of  drawings  from  the  Islip  Obituary  Roll. 
t  Letters  Patent,  1  Ed.  VI.,  pt.  9,  mem.  15. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


plural)  five  times,  and  his  '  Diary  '  entries  I  Strype  (Stow's  '  Survey,'  Book  VI.  67),. 
show  that  the  name  became  applied  to  all  as  early  as  1720,  wrote  of  the  luxuriant 
the  ground,  then  luxuriant  gardens,  now  market -gardens  attached  to  "  the  Neat 
the  streets  of  Pimlico  west  of  Vauxhall  Houses  on  the  banks  of  the  Thames 
Bridge  Road.  Once  Pepys  had  gone  to  (with  no  allusion,  however,  to  the  Manor 
Chelsea  to  see  the  Lord  Privy  Seal,  and  by  House,  which  probably  had  then  disap- 
mistake  his  coach  not  having  waited,  he  peared)  ;  and  the  extension  of  these  gardens 
and  his  companion  had  to  walk  back  to  over  all  the  ground  between  the  Willow  Walk 
Westminster.  Their  way  no  doubt  was  — now  Warwick  Street — and  the  Thames 
along  the  Chelsea  Road,  for  by  and  by  they  may  be  traced  in  the  maps  of  Faden  (1785), 
"came  among  some  trees  near  the  Neat  Horwood  (1795),  Peter  Potter  (1815),  &c.. 
Houses."  Once  he  takes  boat  and  goes  by  In  later  maps  is  seen  the  gradual  efface  - 
river  to  "  the  Neat  Houses  over  against  ment  of  the  gardens  by  the  growth  of 
Fox  Hall  [Vauxhall],"  to  see  a  man  dive.  |  Pimlico.  W.  L.  RTJTTON. 

Another  time  coming  down  the  river  from 
Barnes  Elms,  he  lands  and  buys  a  melon, 
probably  of  the   "  monk  "   kind  that  Mas- 
singer  had  appreciated.     Again  in  convivial  I        INSCRIPTIONS    AT    FLORENCE, 
mood  after  the  play,  he  with  his  wife  and    (gee  10  s>  ix.  224>  344>  443     x  24,  223,  324.) 
Mistress    Knipp       went    abroad    by    coach  .  _. 

to  the  Neat  Houses  in  the  way  to  Chelsy  ;  I  ..  THE  following  inscriptions  complete  my 


(To  ~be  continued.) 


and  there  in  a  box  in  a  tree  sat  and  sang    list  of  ^ose  in  the  South-Eastern  Section 

and  talked  and  eat."     This  surely  was  in    of  the  old  Protestant  cemetery. 

the  gardens  of  the  old  Manor  House,  which,  SIXTH  Row. 

or  a  remnant  of  it,  was  yet  standing  ;    but       399.  Erected  by  Daniel  Price,  Esq.,  to  his  mother 

his  last  recorded  visit  was  with  Mercer  and    Margaret,  w.  of  Stafford  Price,  Esq.,  of  Hendon 

Gayet  by  water  "to  one  of  the  Neat  Houses,"    House    Midd.,    d.    of  William    Davies,    Esq.,    of 

in  tyhe  gardens  apparently  opposite  Vauxhall.    ^^^^^^^^^SS^  £ 

I  have  before  referred  to  the  plan  of  Montg.,  9  June,  1776;  ob.  13  Feb.,  1844. 
1723  made  to  show  the  advance  of  the  Gros-  400.  Constance  Cecilia  Bulkeley,  Marquise  de 
venor  estate  forty-seven  years  after  its  Bourbel  Montpingon,  ob.  9  Apr.,  1838,  a.  31.  (In 
inception  by  the  marriage  of  Sir  Thomas  ™*  Gertrude  Emma,  2nd  d.  of  Marton  Dal- 
Grosvenor  with  the  heiress  Mary  Davis.  rympie,  Esq.,  of  Fordel  and  Cleland  in  Scotland, 
If  any  part  of  Neyte  Manor  House  yet  stood,  ob.  4  May,  1843,  a.  36. 

it,    and    certain   fields   adjoining — including       402.  Sarah  Bruce,  ob.  5  May,  1843.    R.I. P. 
that  marked  as  "  the  Balywick  of  Neat  "—       403-  William  Halls,  ob  21  Mar    1844,  a.  35. 
then  belonged  not  to    the    Grosvenors,  but    2  $£,  ^SeH  fig""*'        Exkadale'  Inverness>  °b- 
to  "  Mr.   Stanley,"  whose  name  is  yet  pre-       405  Fanny,  relict  of  Col.  Richard  Crewe,  of  the 
served  in  the  locality  by  "  Stanley  Place."*    Madras  Army,  ob.  13  Nov.,  1846. 
Rocque's  map  of  1746  shows  several  build-       406.  Sophia    Roberts,    late   of   Paddington,    ob. 
ings  on  the  old  site  marked  as  "  the  Neat    20  J»nv  A1856'  a-  g2-  , 

Houses  "  ;  and  close  by  is  "  Chelsea  Bridge  "    inSLtion™  ""^  apparently  Wlth  Engllsh ' 

over  the  Canal,  and  communicating  with  4Q8.  Charlotte  Courtenay  Johnson,  ob.  4  Dec., 
"  Avery  [=Ebury]  Farm  "  on  the  "  Chelsea  1869,  a.  70. 

Road."  Walford  ('  O.  and  N.  London,'  v.  43)  409.  Mrs.  Bennet,  the  mother  of  Mrs.  Napier,  by 
gives  us  a  view  (1750)  of  the  wooden  struc-  wh°se  B.J2®  she  now  heth.  (See  No.  443.)  Ob. 
ture  entitled  "Jenny's  Whim  Bridge/'  13^^^ 

so  called  after  some  entertainment  gardens  Viscount  Weymouth,  and  sister  of  the  Rev.  George 
which  became  famous  about  1750,  and  Robbins,  ob.  18  June,  1873. 

were  visited  even  by  the  exquisite  Horace  411.  Rev.  George  Robbins,  Rector  of  Courteen- 
Walpole.  These  gardens,  and  the  buildings  hal>  Nor  than  ts,  form.  Brit.  Chaplain  at  Florence, 
included,  occupiel  the  ground  once  coverfd  TF$™W$??  £»  Er'ectdX  ^  wKd 
by  the  Manor  House  and  the  Abbot  s  children. 

gardens,  "  Jenny's  Whim "  being  the  412.  Clara,  d.  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Lowe,  ob. 
probable  precursor  of  "  The  Monster  "  and  29  June,  1871. 

its  tea-gardens,  of  which  Walford  also  gives  L412^Suarth  ^T11'  ob"  8  Sep"  186(5)'  a>  38' 
an  interesting  picture,  date  1820.  §mce  I  Erected  by  her  hiisb.  _ 


then  the  house  has  been  rebuilt. 


*  See  Faulkner's  'Chelsea,'  p.  57. 


412&.  George  Henry  Bengough,  of  the  Ridge, 
Glouc.,o6.  22  Oct.,  1863,  a.  37. 

413.  Mary,  wid.  of  the  Rev.  A.  H.  Duthie,  b.. 
31  Dec.,  1808 ;  ob.  12  Feb.,  1874.  R.I. P. 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  IMS. 


414.  Caroline  Emily  Thompson,  w.  of  Capt.  John 
Pakenham,  R.N.,   ob.   '2  Aug.,  1844,  a.  44.    After 
-26  yrs.  of  marriage. 

415.  Richard     Woodward,     of    Manchester,    ob 
14  Oct.,  1862,  a.  38. 

415a.  Mr.  James  Barr,  ob.  9  Oct.,  1857,  a.  55. 

416.  Capt.  John  Carroll  Peach,  ob.  12  Dec.,  1862, 

417   Charles  Ede,   Esq.,  b.   at  Liskeard,  Corn., 
a.3  May,  1793;  ob.  2  Aug.,  1863. 
418. 'Ann  Vidler,  ob.  18  Mar.,  1858. 

419.  Lieut.    Dobree,    5th  Native    Lt.    Infantry, 
Assistant  Military  Auditor-General,  Bombay,  2nd  s. 

*of  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Dobree,  A.M.,  Rector  of  Newbourn, 
Sun7.,  b.27  Feb.,  1827,  ob.  1  Jan.,  1854. 

420.  Emma  Matilda  Ball,  of  London,  ob.  18  Ap., 

1871. 

SEVENTH  Row. 

421.  Margaret,  wid.  of  Archibald  McNab,  b.  in 
Edinburgh,    13   Jan.,    1788;    ob.    20    June,    1868. 
"Erected  by  her  d. 

422.  Margaret,  youngest  d.  of  Archibald  McNab, 
of  Macnab,  and  of  Margaret  Robertson,  his  w.      B. 
at  Edinburgh,   1    Nov.,    1815;    ob.  31  Jan.,   1834. 
Erected  by  her  mother  and  her  only  sister  Sarah 
Anne,  who  was  the  first-born  of  6,  3  sons  and  3  ds., 
•and  now  the  only  surviving  child  of  her  mother. 

423.  Julia    Woodburn,    d.    of   Major-Gen.    Wm. 
Kirkpatrick  and  wicl.  of  Edward  Strachey,  Esq.,  of 
the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  ob.  20  Nov.,  1846,  a.  55,  at 
Perugia. 

424.  Frances,  w.  of  Lieut. -Col.  Rowley,  ob.  22  Ap., 
1834 ;  and  her  inf.  s.  F.  H.  C.  Evelyn  Rowley,  ob. 

13  May,  1834,  a.  3£  yrs. 

425.  Rev.  Edmund  Dewdney,  A.M.,  of  St.  John's, 
•Camb.,  Minister  of  St.  John's  Chapel,  Portsea,  ob. 

18  June,  1847,  a.  49. 

426.  Arthur  H.  (C.)  Saunders,   b.  26  Sep.,  1852; 

•  ob.  2(6)  Aug.,  1855. 

427.  Giacomo  Smith,  b.  in  New  York  ;  ob.  24  Nov., 
1834,  over  90.     (In  Italian.) 

428.  Grace  Greenwood,  ob.  21  Oct.,  1845. 

429.  Ferdinand    Thomas    Williamson,    Capt.   in 
Brit.  Army,  ob.  10  Dec.,  1834,  a.  37. 

430.  Florence  Caroline,  b.  7  July,  1842  ;  ob.  12  Jan., 
1845 ;  and  George  Arthur  Lennox,  b.   18  July,  ob. 
4  Aug.,   1850;  both  children  of  Alfred  Lambert, 
Esq.,  of  Villa  Corsi,  near  Florence. 

431.  James,    s.  of  George  Tough,  of  Bristol,   b. 
1749  ;  ob.  5  Jan.,  1834.  (A  long  inscription  in  Latin.) 

432.  Charlotte  Augusta,  d.  of  Wm.  Moffat,  Esq., 
•of  Bursledon,  Hants,  ob.  18  Nov.,  1834,  a.  16. 

433.  Gerard  Lake,  inf.  s.  of  Gerard  Lake  Brooks  and 
Louisa  Barbara,  his  w.,  ob.  25  Feb.,  1859,  a.  6  weeks. 

434.  Elizabeth    Isabella    Pakenham,    ob.  6  Feb., 
1841La%21  yrs.  6  months. 

435.  Sophia,  w.  of  Robt.  Parsons,  co.  York,  ob. 

14  July,  1835. 

436.  Demetrius  Frederick,  inf.  s.  of  George  and 
Margaret  Mignaty,   natives  of  the  Ionian  Is.,  b. 
13  Jan.,  1845;  ob.  8  Sep.,  1846. 

437.  Elena,  d.  of  G.  and  M.  Mignaty,  b.  17  Jan., 
1848  ;  ob.  17  July,  1853. 

438.  Thos.  Walter  Dillon,  Esq.,  ob.  at  Seravezza, 
18  Sep.,  1835,  a.  34. 

439.  Emily  Florence,  only  ch.  of  Augustus  Per- 
cival  Calland,  Esq..  and  Hanna  Matilda  his  w.,  of 
Upper  Forest,  Glamorganshire,  late  of  Hertford  St., 
Mayfair,  ob.  1  Nov.,  1842,  a.  17  m.  2  days. 

*  440.  Thomas,  youngest  s.  of  Wm.  English,  Esq., 
of  Farmley,  co.  Dublin,  ob.  29  Mar.,  1845,  a.  25. 


441.  Hon.  Henry  Gray  Bennet,  b.  2  Dec.,  1780; 
ob.  29  May,  1836.     Erected  by  his  widow. 

442.  Sarah,  w.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  McCalmont, 
of  Wimborne  Minster,   Dorset,  ob.  in  childbirth, 
24  Aug.,  1836,  a.  28. 

443.  Caroline,  w.  of  Capt.  Henry  Edward  Napier, 
R.N.,  b.  9  Aug.,  1806 ;  ob.  5  Sep.,  1836. 

444.  Maria  Stonhouse  Smith,  w.  of  Angelo  della 
Maggiore,  ob.  29  Sep.,  1836. 

445.  Alexander  Glynn  Campbell,  only  s.  of  Col. 
C.,  of  Gatcombe  Park,  I.  of  Wight,  ob.  5  Nov.,  1836. 
Erected  by  his  f.  and  sister. 

446.  Mrs.  Maria  Ann  Olmsted,  of  New  York,  ob. 
20  Nov.,  1836. 

447-  John  Fitzgerald  Gubbett,  Esq.,  of  Georges 
Street,  Limerick,  arid  Redmonstown,  Tipperary, 
ob.  8  Nov.,  1835. 

EIGHTH  Row. 

448.  Eliza  Stewart,  ob.  14  Aug.,  1873.  (In  French.) 

449.  Esther    Susan    Amelia,    d.    of    Henry    and 
Amelia  Bankes,  ob.  at  Leghorn,  12  July,  1871,  a.  21. 

450.  Amelia,  wid.  of  Henry  Bankes,  born  Watson, 
at  Calcutta;  ob.  at  Leghorn,  1  Sep.,  1871,  a.  30. 

451.  Maria  Allen  Williams,  b.  at  Bath,  1810;  ob. 

18  Feb.,  1877.     (In  Italian.) 

452.  Frances  Jane  Whyte,  youngest  d.  of  Robert 
and  Mary  Whyte  Moyser,  of  Hotham  House,  co. 
York,  ob.  19  Aug.,  1875. 

453.  Florence   Fletcher  Walker,   wid.   of    Capt. 
Edward  Marcus  Whyte,  71st  Highlanders,   and  of 
Mappleton,  Yorks,  ob.  26  June,  1877. 

454.  Arnold  Savage  Landor,  Esq.,  b.  5  Mar.,  1818  ; 
ob.  2  Ap.,  1871. 

455.  Charles  Theodore  Gipner,  ob.  20  Mar.,  1871. 

456.  Elizabeth  Okell,  of  Chester,  wid.  of  Angelo 
Grazzini,  ob.  3  Feb.,  1871,  a.  83.    Erected  by  her  s. 
Angiolo. 

457.  Henrietta  Ann,  d.  of  the  late  Capt.  Falconer 
Hardy,  wid.  of  Domenico  Tomei,  ob.  19  Jan.,  1871, 
a  72.     Erected  by  her  ds. 

458.  Joel    T.  Hart,  sculptor,    of    Kentucky,    b. 
11  Feb.,  1810  ;  ob.  2  Mar.,  1877. 

459.  Emily,  d.  of  George  Marcus  D'Arcy  Irvine, 
Esq    of  Castle  Irvine,  Fermanagh,  and  Grangebey, 
Wes<-meath,  ob.  28  Feb.,  1870. 

460  .Harriet  E.  Davis,  b.  at  N.  Andover,  Mass., 
21  Sep.,  1849  ;  ob.  10  May,  1874. 

461.  Rev.  (Dr.)  Kenneth  Courtenay,  a.  73,  1838. 

462.  Chapman  Stansfeld   Marshall,   ob.   27    Ap., 
1872,  a.  64. 

463.  Robert  Townley,    b.   in  Florence,   17  Jan., 
1817  ;  ob.  15  Mar.,  1870.    Placed  by  Marianna  Sordi. 
(In  Italian.) 

464.  Alice  Marie,  w.  of  D.  Frank  Slay  ton,   ob. 

19  Ap.,  1871,  a.  26. 

465.  Mary  Isabella  Page,   d.   of  Thos.  Jefferson 
Page,  Esq.,  b.  at  Washington,  U.S.,  6  Jan.,  1849  ; 
ob.  20  Ap.,  1871. 

466.  Laura  Temple  Bowdoin,  Princess  of  Pandol- 
fina,   ob.   at  Villa    Belmonte,    Acqua  Santa,   near 
Palermo,  6  Feb.,  1877. 

467.  Christine    Temple-Bosvdoin,     ob.    at   Villa 
Dristina,  near  Florence,  14  May,  1872. 

468.  Louisa  Catherine  Kuhn,  ob.  at  the  Baths  of 
Lucca,  13  July,  1870. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut. -Col. 
18,  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne. 

[For  other  inscriptions  concerning  Britons  dying 
abroad  see  10  S.  i.  361,  442,  482  ;  ii.  155 ;  iii.  361, 
433;  v.381;  vi.  4,  124,  195,  302,  406,  446;  vii.  165; 
viii.  62,  161,242,  362,423.] 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


DR.    JOHNSON'S    ANCESTORS    AND 

CONNEXIONS. 

(See  10   S.  viii.  281,  382,  462  ;    ix.  43,  144, 
302,  423;    x.  44,  203,  343.) 

A  Centenarian  Kinswoman  of  Dr.  Johnson. 
—The  Standard  for  14  Jan.,  1908,  contained 
an  announcement  of  the  death,  at  St.  Ives, 
Hunts,  on  11  Jan.,  of  Ann  Brunskill  Rowland- 
son,  in  her  101st  year.  This  old  lady  (as 
stated  in  my  book,  p.  183)  was  the  only  child 
of  Samuel  Rowlandson,  of  London,  merchant, 
by  Penelope  (1776-1808)  his  first  wife, 
daughter  of  Cornelius  Harrison  (1743-1806), 
of  Stubb  House,  co.  Durham,  who  was  the 
only  son  of  the  Rev.  Cornelius  Harrison 
(1699  ?-1748),  Perpetual  Curate  of  Darlington 
— that  worthy  cleric  whom  the  Doctor,  his 
first  cousin,  described  as  "  the  only  one  of 
my  relations  who  ever  rose  in  fortune  above 
penury,  or  in  character  above  neglect "  ; 
though  for  his  father,  John  Harrison,  Johnson 
had  nothing  but  dislike  and  contempt. 

Miss  Rowlandson's  nephew,  Mr.  Reginald 
M.  Osborne,  of  St.  Ives,  tells  me  that 

"up  to  within  a  few  days  of  her  death  she  retained 
all  her  faculties,  arid  in  fact,  only  two  days  before, 
she  drew  a  cheque  in  payment  of  some  tradesman's 
account.  She  was  always  very  proud  of  her  con- 
nexion with  Dr.  Johnson,  and  was  a  great  admirer 
of  him." 

Mr.  Osborne  has  also  kindly  sent  me  a 
copy  of  The  Huntingdonshire  Post. for  18  Jan., 
containing  some  account  of  his  aunt : — 

"  Up  to  a  very  short  time  before  her  decease  she 
retained  all  her  faculties,  and  took  a  great  interest 
in  everything  that  was  going  on  around  her.  She 
was  a  great  reader,  and  her  recollections  of  bygone 
events  were  always  interesting.  Her  loss  will  be 
deeply  felt  by  her  nephews  and  nieces,  her  sweet 
disposition  arid  kind  heart  having  endeared  her  to 
them  all.  She  will  also  be  missed  by  the  numerous 
charities  which  she  subscribed  to,  and  by  her  poorer 
neighbours,  to  whose  appeals  she  was  ever  ready  to 
respond.  We  understand  that  she  has  left  a  sum  of 
500/.  to  augment  the  living  of  All  Saints'  Church, 
St.  Ives,  and  50/.  for  the  Hunts  County  Hospital."* 

From  this  same  account  I  learn  that  Miss 
Rowlandson,  who  was  buried  at  Fenstanton, 
M*as  born  on  16  Jan.,  1807,  and  was  thus 
within  five  days  of  her  101st  birthday  ;  and 
that  her  father,  Samuel  Rowlandson,  second 
son  of  Richard  Rowlandson,  of  Dulton  Hall, 
Kirby  Ravensworth,  was  born  in  April, 
1773,  and  married  Penelope  Harrison  in  1806. 
Samuel  Rowlandson  married  again  after 
Penelope's  early  death,  and  had  another 
daughter,  Susannah,  who  married  Martin 

*  Miss  Rowlandson,  whose  will  was  proved  for 
6,767£,  also  left  450?.  to  the  Salisbury  Church  Union 
Society,  and  400?.  to  the  Poor  Clergy  Relief  Cor- 
poration. 


Allpress  Osborne,  of  St.  Ives,  and  had  issue, 
including  Mr.  Reginald  M.  Osborne.  Martin 
Allpress  Osborne  died  on  5  Nov.,  1899,  aged 
89,  and  his  wife  on  24  Sept.,  1899,  aged  75  ; 
both  are  buried  in  the  family  vault  at  Fen- 
stanton. The  Martin  Osborne  of  St.  Ives 
who,  as  I  stated,  married  Penelope  (nee 
Whytell),  widow  of  Miss  Rowlandson's  uncle 
Thomas  Harrison  (1779-1842),  of  Stubb  House 
— "notorious  for  swearing  and  overbearing 
conduct " — was,  Mr.  R.  M.  Osborne  tells 
me,  his  own  grandfather,  the  father  of  Martin 
Allpress  Osborne.  Mrs.  Harrison  must  have 
been  an  old  lady  when  she  married  Martin 
Osborne,  for  at  her  death  on  23  Dec.,  1869, 
she  was  aged  "  nearly  100."  Miss  Rowland- 
son's  first  cousin,  the  late  General  Plantagenet- 
Harrison  (1817-90),  that  most  eccentric  of 
antiquaries,  has  recorded  for  all  time  in  his 
ambitious,  but  uncompleted  '  History  of 
Yorkshire,'  that  his  uncle  Thomas  Harrison 
was  "  a  vagabond  over  head  and  ears  in 
debt,"  who  "  died  like  a  dog  in  June,  1842  "  ; 
while  Mrs.  Harrison,  in  addition  to  having 
had  insufficient  sense  of  shame  to  prevent 
her  being  "  born  in  a  cart  by  the  wayside, 
and  never  baptized,"  was  "  the  finest  speci- 
men of  a  hypocrite  I  ever  saw." 

Dr.  Johnson's  Early  Visit  to  Trysull. — In 
my  book  I  was  able  to  show  (pp.  141-4} 
that  Mrs.  Harriotts,  the  elderly  lady  of  means 
whom  Michael  Johnson  "willingly  disgusted  " 
by  his  failure  to  observe  the  Sabbath  as 
strictly  as  she  desired,  was  Elizabeth  (1661- 
1728),  wife  of  Robert  Harriotts,  only  daughter 
of  William  Barnesley  (1618-85),  of  Trysull, 
Staffs.— described  by  Plot  as  "a  good  old 
Gentleman  "—by  Elizabeth  (1622-97)  his 
wife,  daughter  of  Henry  Ford,  and  sister  of 
Dr.  Johnson's  grandfather,  Cornelius  Ford 
(1632-1709).  Mrs.  Harriotts,  whom  Johnson 
described  as  "  my  mother's  relation,"  was 
thus  first  cousin  to  Mrs.  Johnson.  As  late  as 
1770  the  Doctor  noted  that  he  "  never  yet  saw 
a  regular  family  unless  it  were  that  of  Mrs. 
Harriots."  In  his  '  Annals  '  he  tells  us  : — 

"In  the  second  year  I  knew  not  what  happened 
to  me.  I  believe'  it  was  then  that  my  mother 
carried  me  to  Trysul,  to  consult  Dr.  Atwood,  an, 
oculist  of  Worcester." 

I  am  now  in  a  position  to  produce  virtually 
conclusive  evidence  as  to  the  very  hous& 
in  which  Mrs.  Harriotts  lived  at  Trysull. 
This  was  the  Manor  House,  the  old  home 
of  the  Barnesleys,  which,  save  for  some  later 
additions,  stands  now  much  as  it  did  two 
hundred  years  ago.  It  is  of  considerable 
interest  to  identify  what  is  probably  the 
first  house  at  which  Samuel  Johnson  stayed 
after  his  birth  at  Lichfield,  and  provide  the- 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  im. 


Johnsonian  enthusiast  with  another  shrine 
to  which  he  may  make  pleasant  pilgrimage. 

For  the  evidence  on  this  point  I  am  princi- 
pally indebted  to  my  friend  Mrs.  Morris 
(formerly  Anne  Blanche  Smythe),  of  The 
Leasowes,  Church  Stretton,  who  is  herself 
interested  in  genealogy.  Mrs.  Morris  is  the 
youngest  of  the  three  daughters  and  coheirs 
of  the  late  Col.  Thomas  Smythe  (1808-79), 
of  Hilton,  near  Bridgnorth  (see  Burke' s 
'  Landed  Gentry,'  under  *  Monckton  of 
Hilton ' ),  by  Mary,  daughter  of  Rear- 
Admiral  Deans.  Her  grandfather,  John 
Groome  Smythe  (1771-1835),  D.L.,  of  Hilton, 
who  in  1805  married  Anne  Parke,  sister  of 
Lord  Wensleydale,  was  son  of  Thomas 
Smythe,  of  Hilton,  who  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Wannerton  Groome,  of  Trysull, 
in  1770.  Wannerton  Groome,  as  I  showed 
in  mj  book,  was  the  sole  executor  of  the 
will  of  Mrs.  Harriotts  at  her  death  in  1728, 
and  inherited  her  property  at  Trysull. 
Wannerton  Groome,  who  married  Mary 
Deacon  (died  1778)  in  1721,  and  died  in 
1748,  being  buried  at  Trysull,  was  son  of 
Giles  Groome  by  Sarah,  daughter  of  Ralph 
Wannerton.  This  Ralph  Wannerton  had 
in  1653  married  Elizabeth  Barnesley,  of 
Trysull,  sister  of  William  Barnesley,  father 
of  Mrs.  Harriotts.  Wannerton  Groome' s 
mother,  Sarah  Wannerton,  was  thus  first 
cousin  to  Mrs.  Harriotts. 

The  Barnesleys  are  said  to  have  lived  at 
the  Manor  House,  Trysull,  for  some  genera- 
tions before  the  time  of  Johnson's  great- 
uncle  William  Barnesley.  At  his  death  in 
1685  the  property  must  have  gone  to  his 
son,  William  Barnesley  the  younger,  who 
died  in  1690,  leaving  his  sister  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Robert  Harriotts,  heir  to  the  estate. 
This  worthy  lady,  as  I  have  already  stated, 
left  her  estates  at  Trysull  and  elsewhere  to 
her  "  loving  kinsman  Wannerton  Groome." 
When  he  died,  in  1748,  the  Trysull  estate 
went  to  his  son  John  Groome,  who  married 
Anna  Maria  Stubbs,  and  died,  without  issue, 
in  1799,  leaving  it  to  his  widow.  She  died 
in  1803,  leaving  the  estate  in  trust,  with 
the  option  to  Henry  Jesson  of  purchasing 
it  at  a  valuation.  Henry  Jesson  (1764-1841) 
was  her  husband's  nephew,  the  only  surviving 
son  of  the  Rev.  Cornelius  Jesson*  (1724-78) 


This  Rev.  Corne  ms  Jesson  was  a  son  ot  another 
Rev.  Cornelius  Jesson  (1689-1756),  Vicar  of  Worn- 
bourne  and  Trysull,  who  was  second  cousin  to 
SVTV°  on  (as  shown  in  the  tabular  Pedigree 
T  /V1^"17  book)<  bei"g  a  grandson  of  George 

Jesson  (1620-78),  of  West  Bromwich,  who  in  1643 
married  the  Doctor's  great-aunt  Mary  Ford  (1620-63). 
These  Jessons  were  Balliol  men. 


Vicar  of  Enmpre  and  Pawlett,  Somerset, 
who  had  married  Mary,  elder  daughter  of 
Wannerton  Groome,  in  1758.  Henry  Jesson, 
who  started  life  as  a  lawyer  in  Wolverhamp- 
ton,  but  became  a  surgeon,  took  advantage 
of  the  clause  in  Mrs.  Groome' s  will,  as  is 
evidenced  by  the  following  memorandum 
made  by  him  : — 

"Particulars  of  my  [Henry  Jesson' s]  purchase  of 
the  Trysull  Estate.  Mrs. Groome  died  1803,  leaving 
the  estate  in  trust,  to  have  it  valued  and  offered  to 
me.  I  paid  the  purchase  money  for  it,  8,470£.  3s., 
on  July  17th,  1805,  Mr.  Groome  inherited  it  from 
his  father,  who  had  it  from  Mrs.  Harriotts,  a 
distant  relation,  dau.  of  Mr.  Barnesley." 

Henry  Jesson  took  up  his  residence  at 
the  Manor  House  at  Michaelmas,  1811.* 
By  his  wife,  Sarah  Wilkes,  whom  he  married 
in  1798,  he  had  two  sons,  the  Rev.  Cornelius 
Jesson  (1800-69),  Rector  of  Enville,  and 
Henry  Jesson  (1802-53),  who  both  died  un- 
married. The  younger  son  seems  to  have 
inherited  the  property,  for  it  was  Henry 
Jesson  who  lived  at  the  Manor  House,  added 
to  it  a  drawing  -  room  and  a  laundry, 
and  finally  willed  it  to  his  second  cousin, 
Col.  Thomas  Smythe,  father  of  Mrs.  Morris. 
But  perhaps  the  Rev.  Cornelius  Jesson  had 
a  life  interest  in  the  estate,  for  Mrs.  Morris 
tells  me  that  her  father  only  came  into 
possession  of  it  in  1869.  After  letting  it 
twice  for  short  periods,  Col.  Smythe  went 
to  live  at  the  Manor  House  with  his  family 
in  1873.  On  his  death  in  1879  it  became 
the  property  of  his  three  daughters,  who  in 
1894  sold  it  to  Mr.  B.  Howard  Mander,  who 
now  occupies  it.  Mrs.  Morris  thinks  that 
John  Groome  parted  with  a  good  proportion 
of  the  estate,  which  was  further  reduced  by 
his  nephew  Henry  Jesson. 

ALEYN  LYEUD  READE. 

Park  (Jorner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 
(To  be  continued.) 


ALDERMEN  OF  BISHOPSGATE.  —  MB. 
HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL'S  remark  (ante, 
p.  354)  that  "  the  only  Aldermen's  names 
one  finds  connected  with  the  Bishopsgate 
Ward  "  are  the  seven  whom  he  proceeds  to 
mention  is  somewhat  cryptic.  The  names 
of  all  the  Aldermen  of  Bishopsgate  from 
the  Revolution  (thirteen  in  all)  can  be  found 
in  the  annual  pocket-book  issued  by  the 
Corporation ;  and  over  120  persons  who 
have  been  elected  to  that  Aldermanry  are 


*  From  the  '  Rugby  School  Register,'  vol.  i.  p.  110» 
I  learn  that  among  the  pupils  entered  at  Midsummer, 
1811,  were  Cornelius  Jesson,  son  of  Henry  Jesson, 
Esq.,  Trysull,  Wolverhampton,  aged  10  in  Oct.,  and 
Henry  Jesson,  son  of  the  same,  aged  9  in  Jan. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


recorded  in  my  '  Aldermen  of  London.' 
The  seven  named  by  MB.  MACMICHAEL 
were  all  Lord  Mayors  in  the  years  which  he 
mentions,  but  he  omits  (within  the  limits 
which  he  seems  to  have  arbitrarily  selected, 
1505-1749)  T.  Mirfyn  (1518-19),  Sir  T. 
Pargeter  (1530-31),  Sir  T.  Howe  (1568-9), 
Sir  E.  Becher  (1727-8),  and  Sir  R.  Godschall 
(1741—2),  all  of  whom  were  Lord  Mayors  while 
Aldermen  of  Bishopsgate  ;  whereas  two  of 
his  seven  (viz.,  Pemberton  and  Gurney)  had 
ceased  to  represent  that  Ward  before  their 
election  to  the  chair,  and  a  third,  Knes- 
worth,  changed  his  Ward  within  a  fortnight 
of  entering  on  his  office. 

In  addition  to  three  occupants  of  the 
Mayoral  Chair  earlier  than  1505,  there 
have  been  six  Lord  Mayors  from  Bishops- 
gate  Ward  since  the  latest  of  those 
named  by  MB.  MACMICHAEL,  viz.,  Sir  M. 
Blakiston  (1760-61),  J.  Townsend  (1772-3), 
Sir  R.  Carr  Glyn  (1798-9),  W.  T.  Copeland 
(1835-6),  Sir  T.  S.  Owden  (1877-8),  Sir 
H.  D.  Davies(  1897-8). 

MB.  W.  NOBMAN  (ante,  p.  354)  speaks  of 
Sir  "  William  "  Dash  wood  as  Lord  Mayor 
in  1703.  The  Lord  Mayor  of  1702-3  was 
Sir  Samuel  Dashwood,  and  his  Ward  was 
Aldgate  (not  Bishopsgate). 

MB.  MACMICHAEL  speaks  of  "  Sir  "  Thomas 
Knesworth,  Mayor  in  1505.  The  knight- 
hood is  mythical.  I  have  myself  made  the 
same  error  in  my  '  Aldermen  of  London ' 
at  p.  35,  but  have  corrected  it  at  pp.  123 
and  256,  as  well  as  in  the  Errata. 

Before  the  knighthoods  ascribed  to  Lord 
Mayors  of  the  fourteenth,  fifteenth,  and 
sixteenth  centuries  are  accepted  as  accurate 
reference  should  be  made  to  my  excursus  at 
pp.  255-7  of  '  The  Aldermen  of  London,'  or 
to  my  friend  MB.  DTJNCOMBE  PINK'S  admir- 
able article  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  26  May,  1900 
(9  S.  v.  409).  ALFBED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 

Leamington. 

"  TEENICK."— The  Rector  of  Little  Chart, 
near  Ashford,  Kent,  writes  under  date 
12  November  : — 

"  To-day  I  have  heard  a  Kentish  word  for  the 
first  time,  namely,  teenic/c,  a  sort  of  brushwood  used 
in  making  a  '  stake  and  binder '  hedge,  also  for 
filling-in  the  lower  part  and  gaps." 

I  draw  attention  to  this  word,  first  because, 
perhaps,  it  does  not  occur  in  '  E.D.D.,' 
and  secondly  because  '  E.D.D.'  supplies 
information  from  which  the  etymology 
of  this  rare  word  becomes  quite  clear.  We 
find  recorded  for  many  dialects  in  various 
parts  of  England  the  word  tine  (O.E.  tynan, 
to  enclose),  meaning  to  repair  a  hedge  or 


fence,  to  close  up  a  gap  in  a  hedge  with  dry 
wood.  The  regular  Kentish  form  of  this 
word  is  recorded  by  '  E.D.D.'  (s.v.  '  Teen '), 
with  the  meaning  to  make  a  hedge  with 
"  raddles,"  whence  teenage  and  teenit,  wood 
suitable  for  raddling  a  hedge.  The  Ashford 
form  teenick  may  possibly  be  merely  an 
individualism  for  teenit.  The  Sussex  forms 
of  this  word  for  brushwood  are  tinnet, 
tennet,  see  '  E.D.D.'  (s.v.).  For  the  Kentish 
pronunciation  of  O.E.  tynan,  namely  teen, 
cp.  Kentish  mees  (mice),  O.E.  mys. 

A.  L.  MAYHEW. 
Oxford. 

SUFFBAGETTES  :         '  THE       GlBL      OF       THE 

PEBIOD  MISCELLANY.' — I  wonder  how  many 
of  us  old  fogies  who  record  our  reminiscences 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  remember  a  publication  which 
I  earnestly  recommend  to  young  journalists 
and  others  who  are  called  upon  to  write 
on  this  "  burning  subject  of  the  day."  I 
refer  to  The  Girl  of  the  Period  Miscellany, 
which  was  issued  in  close  imitation  of  Punch 
from  March  to  November,  1869.  It  appears 
to  have  begun  with  '  The  Girl  of  the  Period 
Almanack'  for  1869,  and  ended  with  the 
'  Almanack '  for  1870,  presumably  its  last 
"  cry."  As  a  skit  upon  the  fashions  of  the 
day  it  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  history, 
and  looking  through  its  pages  one  is  con- 
tinually amazed  and  amused  to  see  how  its 
wildest  flights  of  imagination  have  become 
commonplace  realities  to-day.  It  is  an 
encyclopaedia  of  extinct  and  surviving  slang 
worthy  of  the  attention  of  Sir  James  Murray 
and  Prof.  Skeat,  and  as  a  link  in  the  history 
of  the  suffragette  movement  it  is  at  once 
illuminating  and  pathetic. 

EDWABD  HEBON-ALLEN. 

RICHARD  ABTJNDELL,  MASTER  AND 
KEEPEB  OF  THE  MINT. — It  appears  from  a 
receipt  for  costs  given  in  1738  by  one  Charles 
Eyre  that  it  was  necessary,  on  the  appoint- 
ment of  Arundell,  to  obtain  the  approbation 
of  the  Deputy  King's  Remembrancer  (for 
which  a  fee  of  five  guineas  was  paid),  to 
enter  into  a  bond  for  lo,OOOZ.,  and  to  find 
three  sureties  at  5,OOOZ.  each.  The  sureties 
were  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  John  Selwin, 
Esq.,  and  Dudley  North,  Esq.  R.  S.  B.r 

JUDGMENT  BY  TELEGBAM. — I  observe 
that  in  Greenshields,  Cowie  &  Co.  v.  Stephens 
&  Sons,  Limited,  reported  at  1908  A.C.  431, 
in  which  a  judgment  was  delivered  by  Lord 
Halsbury,  in  which  Lord  Ashbourne,  Lord 
Macnaghten,  and  Lord  Collins  concurred, 
Lord  Halsbury  added  :  "I  have  a  telegram 
from  my  noble  and  learned  friend  Lord 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  igos. 


James  of  Hereford  intimating  that  he  concurs 
in  the  judgment." 

This  is  the  first  instance,  I  believe, 
recorded  in  the  Law  Reports  of  "  judgment 
by  telegram "  ;  it  opens  a  pleasant  and 
almost  unbounded  range  of  possibility  in 
the  dispatch  of  business. 

W.  H.  QUARRELL. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses^  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


RAID  OF  THE  BISHOP  OF  NORWICH  IN 
1383. — I  should  like  to  know  if  an  English 
author  published  a  book  about  this  raid, 
and  gave,  with  some  circumstantial  accounts, 
the  names  of  Henry  Despenser's  partners. 
A.  DEMEULDRE. 

38,  Rue  Neuve,  Soignies,  Belgium. 

JUSTICE  HAYES'S  '  WITHIN  TEMPLE  GAR- 
DENS.'— The  late  Mr.  Justice  Hayes  (Queen's 
Bench,  Ireland)  wrote  '  Within  Temple 
Gardens,'  which  Mr.  James  Payn  in  The 
Illustrated  London  News  of  lo  Dec.,  1880, 
called  "  one  of  the  best  legal  poems."  I 
should  be  much  pleased  to  know  where  I 
might  find  the  poem.  RICHARD  LINN. 
38,  Worcester  Street,  Christchurch,  N.Z. 

STEEPE  SURNAME. — Can  any  reader  of 
N.  &  Q.'  furnish  me  with  information  as 
to  the  origin  and  country  of  the  above 
surname  ?  My  duties  frequently  call  me 
into  the  Never  Never  Country,  and  I  should 
like  to  forward  the  information  to  its  ulti- 
mate destination  before  leaving  for  the  long 
trail  to  the  north. 

S.    MclNTOSH    MACROBERTS. 
Arnprior,  Ontario. 

"  MANYTICE." — In  what  is  apparently 
a  sixteenth-century  copy  of  the  1391  court 
roll  of  the  manor  of  Birchanger  (Essex)  is 
the  entry  : — 

"  Dulcia  Springold  habet  mium  Manytice  obstu- 
patum,  per  quod  cursus  aque  obstfruiturl  iuxta 
oroftam. 

Is  "  Manytice  "  a  copyist's  error,  or  a  real 
word  ?  In  the  first  alternative,  what  does 
it  represent  ?  In  any  case,  what  does  it 
mean  ?  Q.  y. 

MEETS  OF  HOUNDS  ANNOUNCED  IN  CHURCH. 
—I  am  told  that  it  was  not  an  uncommon 
practice  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago,  in  hunting 
centres,  for  clergymen  to  announce  in  church 


the  meets  of  hounds  for  the  ensuing  week. 
I  mention  a  concrete  instance  in  Baily's 
Magazine  for  the  current  month,  but  shall 
be  glad  if  any  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  give 
me  further  instances  or  say  how  far  the 
practice  was  general. 

WLLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

IVERACH  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION. — Can  any 
one  tell  me  what  is  the  accepted  pronuncia- 
tion of  this  name  ?  I  have  heard  the  first 
two  syllables  so  pronounced  as  to  rime  to- 
"diver,"  but  I  have  also  heard  it  sounded 
"  Eeverach."  Which  is  correct  ?  There 
are  one  or  two  other  proper  names  in 
which  i  is  sounded,  at  any  rate  by  some 
speakers,  like  ee.  I  have  heard  Skrine  called 
"  Skreen,"  and  Bolitho  "  Boleetho." 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — To 
whom  is  the  following  due  ? — 

Beaucoup  de  personnes  voudraient  savoir, 
Mais  peu  desirent  apprendre. 

Hie  ET  UBIQUE. 

Two  men  looked  through  prison  bars : 
The  one  saw  mud,  the  other  stars. 
Whence  ?       Asked    at    10    S.    vi.    229,    but 
without  result.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

"  For  nearly  five  years  the  present  Ministry  have 
harassed  every  trade,  worried  every  profession,  and 
assailed  or  menaced   every  class  and  institution, 
and  species  of  property  in  the  country." 
Did  Disraeli  ever   say   this  ?     If   so,   when 


and  where  ? 


L.  K. 


DANIEL  FAMILY. — The  Rev.  Mark  Noble 
prepared  '  An  Account  of  the  Family  of 
Daniel  in  Cornwall,  with  Incidental  Notices 
of  Others  of  the  Same  Name,'  a  quarto 
MS.  of  about  300  pp.  Can  any  one  give  me 
information  of  its  present  whereabouts  ? 
Apparently  it  was  in  existence  in  1826,  and 
passed  through  one  of  Thorpe's  catalogues 
of  MSS.  about  1834.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

CARD  TERMS. — In  Lilly's  '  Ancient  Ballads 
and  Broadsides,'  dating  1559-97,  on  p.  123 
are  found  the  rules  for  playing  the  game  of  | 
"  Mawe  "  (see  Halliwell).  I  shall  be  glad 
of  an  explanation  of  the  italicized  words  in 
the  extracts  below  : — 

"  If  you  ront  (not  having  the  ace)  you  lose  power 

and  al  the  vied  [betted  on]  cards If  you  make 

out  the  cards  when  your  mate  rnbbeth,  it  is  the  losse 
of  power,  for  the  roubber  must  make  out  the  carde 

him  self  e You  may  not  aske  a  carde  to  set  the 

contrary  part  or  your  selfe  at  living*  or  out If 

you  meane  to  lead  a  helpe  you  may  vie  it  upon  your 
bwne  asked  card,  &c. 

H.  P.  L. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 1908.        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


TOLSEY  AT  GLOUCESTER. — Where  could 
I  find  a  good  historical  account  of  this 
building  ?  I  think  I  have  read  somewhere 
that  it  once  formed  a  part  of  All  Saints' 
Church.  S.  O.  ADDY. 

"  COMETHER." — With  reference  to  the 
editorial  quotation  from  the  '  N.E.D.,' 
ante,  p.  420,  surely  "  put  the  comether  over 
him "  means  "  put  the  collar  on  him," 
i.e.,  on  the  horge.  Kummet  in  German 
means  "  horse-collar,"  and  according  to 
Mole's  German-French  dictionary  Kummet- 
geschirr  means  "  attelage  a  1'allemande," 
i.e.,  "  harnessing  in  the  German  fashion." 
What  has  PROF.  SKEAT  to  say  about  the 
"  come-hither  "  etymology  ?  L.  L.  K. 

INDEX  SAYING. — I  have  searched  in  vain 
through  '  N.  &  Q.'  and  a  dozen  dictionaries  of 
quotations,  beside  other  reference  books, 
to  trace  a  familiar  saying  to  this  effect : 
"  I  care  not  who  writes  the  book  which 
has  a  good  index."  It  appears  to  be  founded 
upon  the  dictum  of  an  unknown  Spanish 
writer  :  "  An  author  [?  authority]  ought 
to  make  the  Index,  whereas  the  book  itself 
may  be  written  by  any  person  else." 

The  phrase  I  seek  was  used,  I  believe,  not 
long  ago  in  an  Athenaeum  review. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

DONEGAL  HISTORY. — Can  any  one  direct 
me  to  a  history  of  co.  Donegal  ?  Is  there 
any  MS.  history  in  existence  similar  to  that 
of  Fermanagh  known  as  the  Betham- 
Phillips,  which  is  at  Cheltenham  ?  I  am 
particularly  concerned  with  the  town  of 
Pettigo  and  that  part  of  the  county  which 
reaches  down  to  Lough  Erne. 

W.  ROBERTS  CROW. 
Camelot,  Park  Hill  Road,  Wallington. 

M.  HOMAIS. — In  Mr.  Burnet's  erudite 
and  highly  interesting  work  on  '  Early  Greek 
Philosophy  '  (chiefly  relating  to  the  Milesian 
school  where  Greek  physical  philosophy 
began)  we  read,  in  the  sixth  chapter  on 
Anaxagoras  (p.  277),  "  We  might  as  well 
forget  M.  Homais,  when  we  generalize  about 
the  French."  Who  was  M.  Homais,  and 
when  did  he  live  ?  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

"  THE  STAR  AND  CROWN,"  GOUDHTJRST, 
KENT. — This  public-house,  formerly  known 
as  "  The  Black  [?]  Eagle,"  is  said  to  have 
been  an  inn  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  There 
is  also  a  subterranean  passage  leading  from 
the  cellars  of  the  house^in  the  direction  of, 
and  said  to  reach  to,  "the  parish  church, 


which  is  some  fifty  yards  away.  There  are 
many  traditions  connected  with  the  house, 
and  from  its  appearance  it  was  formerly 
of  considerable  importance  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. 

If  any  of  your  readers  can  refer  me  to 
information  about  the  house,  I  shall  be  glad. 

G.  H.  S. 

ADRIAN  SCROPE. — Was  it  the  Regicide 
who  was  buried  at  Sonning,  Herts,  in  1682  ? 
I  saw  a  notice  of  Adrian  Scrope  at  9  S.  vi.  54. 
(Mrs.)  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

18,  Harrington  Court,  S.W. 

ROMAN  LAW. — The  moral  substance  of 
Roman  law  has  been  summarized  in  the 
following  three  well-known  brief  sentences: 
"  Recte  vivere ;  Alterum  haud  laedere  ; 
Suum  cuique  tribuere." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  who 
originated  them.  H.  KREBS. 

Oxford. 

SPARKENHOE  :  ITS  DERIVATION. — Can  any 
one  kindly  give  me  the  derivation  of  the 
name  of  this  Rural  Deanery,  the  "  Hundred 
of  Sparkenhoe  "  ?  The  first  volume  of  the 
'  Victoria  County  History  of  Leicester  '  does 
not  appear  to  throw  any  light  on  it. 

LAWRENCE  PHILLIPS. 
Sibson  Rectory,  Atherstone. 

THE  CURIOUS  HOUSE,  GREENWICH. — Can 
any  one  give  particulars  of  this  building  and 
of  the  original  owners  ?  All  I  know  of  the 
house  is  that  it  was  built  by  some  one  of  the 
name  of  Gibson,  that  there  was  no  window 
in  the  wall  facing  the  street,  and  that  it 
was  at  one  time  occupied  by  the  Mayor, 
and  then  turned  into  a  School  of  Music. 

ALEX.  RUSSELL. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

BENEDICTINE. — I  am  told  that  this  liqueur 
was  never  made  by  Benedictine  monks, 
but  was  so  named  by  the  original  concocter 
in  emulation  of  Chartreuse,  manufactured 
at  La  Grande  Chartreuse,  near  Grenoble. 
When  and  where  was  Benedictine  first  made  ? 
The  only  reference  in  '  N.E.D.'  is  dated 
1882,  but  it  must  have  been  known  much 
earlier.  R.  B.  P. 

EL-SERUJAH. — In  Hauff's  *  Die  Kara  vane  ' 
is  a  tale  usually  called  in  the  English  trans- 
lation '  The  Story  of  the  False  Prince.'  In 
an  early  part  of  this  tale  mention  is  made  of 
"  the  celebrated  pillar  El-Serujah,  four  days' 
journey  eastward  of  Alexandria."  I  shall 
be  greatly  obliged  if  some  one  can  inform 
me  where  this  pillar  is.  Is  it  in  commemora- 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  iocs. 


tion  of  something  or  some  one,  or  part  of  a 
ruin  ?  What  does  the  name  mean  ? 

Hauff  was  so  circumstantial  in  all  his 
statements  that  I  have  every  reason  to 
think  he  speaks  here  of  an  actual  thing. 

A.  G. 

"IT   IS   THE   MASS   THAT  MATTERS." This 

phrase  was  used  by  some  judge  in  the 
course  of  a  trial  of  a  priest  in  the  penal 
days.  Who  was  the  person  implicated, 
and  where  was  the  trial  held  ?  M.  N. 

WILLIAM  EASBY  OF  FACEBY,  NORTH 
YORKS.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  kindly 
furnish  particulars  of  the  family  and  parent- 
age of  the  above  ?  He  is  said  to  have  sold 
his  lands  in  Stainton,  Stainsby,  Maltby, 
Thornaby,  and  Yarm  to  Conyers,  before 
1472,  for  600  marks.  Who  was  the  Conyers 
referred  to  ?  I  may  add  that  all  the  places 
mentioned  are  in  North  Yorks.  It  would  be 
of  interest  also  to  know  who  now  represents 
the  William  Easby  in  question. 

C.  W.  TIDMAN. 

West  Hartlepool. 

"  MORGANATIC." — May  not  the  much- 
discussed  word  "  morganatic  "  as  applied 
to  a  marriage  derive  from  the  fata  Morgana, 
thus  meaning  the  mirage  or  semblance  of  a 
marriage  ?  In  the  accepted  explanation 
why  exactly  should  the  gabe  be  omitted  ? 
That  alone  seems  to  me  to  condemn  it. 

H.  HAVELOCK. 

Gravesend. 

[Has  the  querist  consulted  the  note  on  the  wore 
in  the  'N.E.D.'?] 

FREEHOLDERS  IN  THE  TIME  or  ELIZABETH 
— Are  there  any  records  or  lists  from  which 
one  can  ascertain  who  were  freeholders 
in  a  particular  district  or  county  in  the  time 
of  Elizabeth  ?  I  do  not  require  to  know 
about  copyholders.  U.  V.  W. 

RUDGE  FAMILY. — I  am  desirous  of  obtain 
ing  the  assistance  of  any  of  the  readers  o 
'  N.  &  Q.'  in  tracing  the  pedigree  of  Thoma 
Rudge  of  Gloucester,  born  1720,  attorney 
at-law  1773,  Master  in  Chancery  1796,  and 
Deputy  Registrar  of  the  Ecclesiastica 
Courts  of  Gloucester,  who  died  17  Jul\ 
1809,  aged  88,  and  whose  will,  date< 
30  March,  1808,  was  proved  15  Aug.,  180 
(P.C.C.  651  Loveday). 

Thomas    Rudge    married    four    times, 
should  be  glad  to  learn  the  surnames  of  Anne 
Susannah,  and  Mary,  his  first,  second,  an< 
fourth  wives  respectively.     By  his  first  wif 
he   was   father   (with   an   elder   son   Jame 


udge,  attorney-at-law  and  Proctor  of  the 
)iocese  of  Gloucester,  who  died  1786,  aged 
4)  of  the  Ven.  Archdeacon  Thomas  Rudge. 
uthor  of  several  standard  works  on  the 
istory,  &c.,  of  the  county  of  Gloucester, 
rho  died  1825,  aged  74. 

The  first-mentioned  Thomas  is  believed 
o  have  been  the  son  of  Thomas  Rudge  of 
Sosbury  Court,  Hereford  (dates  of  birth, 
larriage,  and  death  required),  by  Martha 
is  wife  (surname  also  asked  for),  who  sur- 
ived  her  husband,  and  died  1770,  aged  93 
rears  and  2  months. 

Thomas  Rudge  of  .  Bosbury  Court  is 
issumed  to  have  been  the  son  of  Thomas 

Rudge  of (particulars  of  dates  of  birth, 

narriage,  and  death  also  sought)  by  Mar- 
garet   his    wife    (surname    also    requested), 

ho  died  24  Dec.,  1731,  aged  71. 

This  last  Thomas  is  believed  to  have  been 
he  son  of  Edward  Rudge,  born  30  March, 
1656  (query  dates  of  marriage  and  death, 
and  name  of  wife),  second  son  of  Edward 
iludge,  Alderman  of  London,  who  died 
13  Aug.,  1701. 

Communications  direct  are  respectfully 
solicited.  FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

VESTMENTS  AT  WESTMINSTER  ABBEY. — 
[n  the  '  Life  of  Richard  Challoner.'  by  James 
Barnard,  1784,  is  an  account  of  the  trial  of 
James  Webb,  a  Roman  Catholic  priest,  on 
25  June,  1768.  Mr.  Cox  (also  a  Roman 
Catholic),  counsel  for  the  defendant,  in 
sndeavouring  to  prove  that  the  wearing  of 
vestments  did  not  necessarily  imply  a 
elebration  of  Mass,  said  :  "  Nay,  in  West- 
minster Abbey  we  have  several  old  vest- 
ments, that,  for^anything  I  know,  may  be 
the  very  same  that  were  formerly  used  by 
the  Roman  Catholics  "  (p.  171). 

It  would  appear  that  these  vestments 
were  publicly  worn  in  the  Abbey,  and  not 
stowed  away  in  presses,  otherwise  Mr.  Cox 
would  scarcely  have  been  aware  of  their 
existence.  The  Dean  of  Westminster 
pointed  out  in  The  Cornhill  for  June,  1904, 
that  the  use  of  copes  in  the  early  part  of 
the  seventeenth  century  was  carefully  ob- 
served in  the  Abbey  ;  and  in  the  '  Sanctuary 
Kalendar'  for  1905,  edited  by  the  Rev. 
P.  Dearmer  and  Mr.  F.  C.  Eeles,  is  an  illus- 
tration of  some  copes  at  the  Abbey,  "  seven- 
teenth century  in  date.  They  survived  the 
neglect  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  were 
used  at  the  Jubilee  of  Queen  Victoria." 

Are  these  the  "  old  vestments "  alluded 
to  by  Mr.  Cox  ?  E.  E.  SQUIRES. 

Hertford. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


ERNISIUS:    A     PROPER     NAME. 
(10  S.  x.  388.) 

As  MB.  RALPH  NEVILL  mentions  my  name, 
I  will  give  him  what  information  I  can  on 
the  matter  in  question.  I  was  a  few  days 
ago  consulting  at  the  Public  Record  Office 
the  Pipe  Roll  for  26  Hen.  II.  (1179-80), 
and  on  rotulet  10,  membrane  2,  occurs  the 
name  "  Herueus  Clericus,"  and  on  the 
dorse  of  the  same  rotulet  the  name  "  Ernisus 
Cut."  There  is  no  possible  doubt  about 
the  reading  of  either  name.  The  writing 
of  the  Pipe  Rolls  of  that  period  is  so  distinct 
that  there  is  no  confusion  between  n  and 
u.  "  Herueus "  is  no  doubt  the  Latin 
form  of  the  English  name  Hervey  or  Harvey. 
I  should  have  expected  to  find  "  Heruicus," 
to  correspond  with  "  Henricus  "  for  Henry, 
"  Almaricus  "  or  "  Amaricus  "  for  Emery, 
"Arnica"  for  Amy,  and  similar  names. 
I  believe  both  "  Heruicus "  and  "  Herui- 
cius  "  exist,  but  I  cannot  at  the  moment 
quote  an  instance  of  either. 

As  to  the  other  name,  it  has  usually  been 
printed  "  Ernisius "  ;  but  in  the  place 
mentioned  above,  and  elsewhere  in  the  Pipe 
Rolls  of  Henry  II.,  when  written  in  full, 
it  is  distinctly  "  Ernisus."  The  French 
form  "  Erneis  "  will  be  found  in  Domesday 
Book,  but  I  know  of  no  English  equivalent, 
and  cannot  remember  meeting  with  any 
such  English  name  in  medieval  documents. 
Ernest  must  be  a  more  modern  importation 
from  Germany. 

After  the  twelfth  century,  the  spelling 
**  Ernisius  "  is  sometimes  used.  An  instance 
will  be  found  in  the  Fine  Roll  41  Hen.  III. 
membrane  1  alias  14  (1256-7).  This  is 
printed  in  '  Excerpta  e  Rotulis  Finium,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  263. 

I  think  this  will    be  sufficient  to  convince 
MB.    NEVILL  that,  though   the   two   names 
may  in  any  particular  instance  be  confused, 
that  both  names  have  a  distinct  existence. 
C.  TBICE  MABTHST. 

I  believe  MB.  RALPH  NEVILL  will  find  that 
"  Erneis,"  "  Ernes,"  "  Ernegis,"  or  "  Her- 
neis  "  was,  though  rare,  a  very  real  Christian 
name  ;  that  "  Herveius "  is  never  found 
spelt  with  an  s  as  "  Hervesius  "  ;  and  that 
"  Ernisius  "  was  the  name  of  the  Nevill 
he  mentions.  I  also  do  not  think  it  has 
anything  to  do  with  the  German  Ernest, 
now  so  common,  but  utterly  unknown  in 
England  until  quite  modern  times. 


"  Ernes " — never  found  spelt  with  a  t, 
which  should  never  be  added — died  quite 
out  by  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
and  was  forgotten.  Could  it  possibly  mean 
Eagle-eyes,  or  be  derived  from  "  Harnois," 
Old  French  for  armour,  and  the  origin  of 
"  harness  "  (see  Prof.  Skeat's  '  Etymological 
Diet.'),  perhaps  originally  the  iron  nasal 
guard  only,  if  the  single  n  represents  two  ? 
I  know  of  only  one  instance  of  this  name 
being  handed  down  to  the  present  day, 
as  will  be  shown. 

Radulf  Taisson,  lord  of  the  Pays  de 
Cinglais  in  Normandy,  founded,  with  the 
aid  of  his  brother  "  Erneis,"  the  abbey  of 
St.  Stephen  at  Fontenay-le-Marmion  about 
1055.  This  is  the  first  I  have  met  with 
('  Gallia  Christiana,'  xi.  412,  and  '  Instr.' 
col.  334).  Robert  fitz  Erneis,  son  of  the 
above-named,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Hastings,  and  was  the  first  of  six  Roberts 
"  Fitzherneis."  Robert  II.,  who  married 
Gersendis  Marmion,  and  was  a  donor  to 
Castleacre  Priory,  has  recorded  in  a  charter 
these  facts  : — 

"  My  father  was  killed  in  England,  and  Radulf 
fitz  Erneis,  my  uncle,  by  command  of  King  William, 
took  the  body  to  Fontenay ;  and  the  body  of  Erneis, 
my  grandfather,  dead  before  (him),  I  removed  from 
the  churchyard  of  St.  Martin  to  the  graveyard  of 
Fontenay,  and  interred  it  next  to  that  of  my 
father." — Ib. 

These  interesting  facts  eluded  the  research 
of  Prof.  Freeman  when  writing  his  great 
'  History  of  the  Norman  Conquest.' 

Robert  Fitzherneis  V.  gave  the  tithes 
of  three  places  in  Lincolnshire  to  Fontenay, 
and  the  sixth  confirmed  specifically  the 
gifts' of  all  his  ancestors  to  the  abbey  (ib.). 

Robertus  filius  Ernisii  held  two  knights' 
fees  of  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  in  1166  ('  Liber 
Niger,'  261)  ;  and  it  was  a  daughter  of  his 
who  was  widow  of  Simon  de  Grieve  quer, 
recently  dead  1186. 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  there  seem  to 
have  been  five  brothers  Fitzherneis,  viz., 
Robert,  William,  Eudo,  Oliver,  and  Philip. 
Robert  and  Eudo  certainly  were  brothers. 
The  first  married  Rohese  de  Courcy  ;  and 
William  married  Nicholaa  de  Hay,  the 
keeper  of  Lincoln  Castle  in  her  old  age. 

Philip  Fitzerneis  gave  lands  to  Castleacre 
Priory  by  a  deed  witnessed  by  Robert, 
Abbot  of  Fontenay,  and  Eudo  Fitzerneis. 
From  him,  it  seems,  sprung  a  long  line, 
often  using  the  name  of  Philip,  and  holding 
lands  in  Cambridgeshire  and  Milton-Harneys 
in  Bedfordshire,  called  at  the  present  day 
Milton-Ernest  !  According  to  a  common 
custom,  they  dropped  the  "  Fitz."  Though 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       110  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  im 


it  does  not  follow  that  this  family  became 
extinct  in  1542,  these  estates  passed  to  the 
coheirs  of  Sir  Walter  "  Harneys."  One 
of  them,  Margery,  married  William  Strange 
of  Monescourt  in  Gloucestershire ;  their 
eldest  son  was  named  "  Horneys,"  and  their 
daughter  Gertrude  married  Thomas  Emer- 
son, whose  descendants  continued  using 
"  Harnoys  "  until  as  recently  as  1837  ('  Visit. 
Glou.  1623,'  p.  155). 

In  Domesday  Book,  1086,  we  have  Erneis 
(once  spelt  Ernegis)  de  Burun  and  a  Radulf 
de  Burun — Lord  Byron's  ancestor — pro- 
bably his  younger  brother.  They  were 
then  large  landholders  in  the  North  of  Eng- 
land. Both  had  a  son  named  Hugh,  pro- 
bably after  their  father  ;  and  their  mother 
was  more  than  likely  a  daughter  of  the 
Erneis  first  mentioned.  Erneis  de  Burun 
forfeited  his  barony  by  treason  (Yorks. 
Archceol.  Journal,  iv.  240,  414).  Radulf  de 
Gousle  and  Erneis  his  brother  gave  the 
advowson  of  Sproatley  in  Holderness  to 
Bridlington  Priory  not  many  years  after. 
Ralph  had  previously  given  lands  here  to 
buy  incense  for  the  high  altar  in  York 
Minster.  Ralph  gave  two  tofts  here  to  the 
priory ;  and  Robert  fitz  Erneis  was,  it 
seems,  his  brother  and  heir.  There  are 
reasons  for  believing  these  were  descendants 
of  Erneis  de  Burun  rather  than  of  the  Fitz- 
herneises. 

The  name  occurs  a  few  times  in  Yorkshire 
early  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  We  meet 
with  two  who  bore  it  at  that  period  at  Ponte- 
fract — Ernisius  Langevinus  and  Ernis  the 
Cook.  Elias  fil  Amis,  son  of  one  or  the 
other,  was  the  eponymous  ancestor  of  the 
owners  of  Kiddal,  near  Leeds. 

It  is  rather  curious  that  the  father  of 
Radulf  Taisson  and  Erneis  was  Radulf 
the  "  Angevin,"  so  perhaps  we  should  look 
for  still  earlier  examples  of  the  name  in 
Anjou.  A.  S.  ELLIS. 

A  man  whose  name  has  been  regularly 
written  Ernisius  was  Precentor  of  Chichester 
in  the  early  thirteenth  century.  As  he 
was  concerned  in  receiving  a  certain  property 
at  Ferles  (Firle)  from  Mauricius  de  Sefford 
and  Willelmus  de  Folevila,  and  making 
over  the  same  to  Geoffrey,  Dean  of  Chichester 
and  his  successors  for  certain  purposes 
specified  in  his  charter  of  donation,  the 
name  occurs  several  times  in  Liber  Y. 
folios  Ixxxii-lxxxiv.  This  ancient  book  of 
charters  and  other  evidences,  which  appears 
to  have  been  compiled  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  same  century,  naturally  leaves  it  a  diffi- 
cult matter  sometimes  to  make  sure  between 


the  letters  n  and  u.  However,  after  careful 
examination,  I  feel  convinced  that  wherever 
the  name  occurs  in  the  text  of  this  volume- 
it  is  Ernisius.  In  one  rubric  it  looks  more 
like  "  Eruisius."  A  later  hand  in  the  margin 
has  written  "  Hernes'  precent." 

In  the  Articles  presented  to  Bishop 
Robert  Rede  at  the  Visitation  of  Chichester 
Cathedral  in  1397  (Rede,  Reg.  fo.  xxvi) 
there  is  a  complaint  that  Sir  Philip  Mestede, 
Kt.,  detains  annually  22s.  forthcoming  from 
lands  in  Charlokeston  for  the  anniversary 
of  Hervilius  (or  Hernilius  ?),  precentor. 
This  must  be  the  same  as  Ernisius,  for  there 
was  no  other  precentor  with  a  similar  name. 
The  n  or  u  is  quite  uncertain  here  ;  the  I 
is  as  distinct  in  this  MS.  as  the  s  is  wherever 
the  name  occurs  in  the  other. 

In  Liber  Y.  f  o.  cxv,  there  is  another  charter 
from  this  benefactor  for  the  endowment 
of  the  altar  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  in 
Chichester  Cathedral.  Here  the  n  and  u 
are  indeterminate.  It  is  dated  1246.  The 
compiler  of  the  Index  of  this  volume  (about 
the  sixteenth  century)  reads  the  name 
Ernisius. 

I  think  that  with  this  evidence  we  cannot 
reject  Ernisius  as  a  proper  name,  though 
at  a  later  date  the  prefixing  of  an  aspirate 
and  the  misreading  (?)  of  s  for  I  disguise 
and  confuse  the  name  considerably/) 

If  MB.  NEVILL  could  come  to  Chichester 
and  examine  the  books  to  which  I  have 
referred,  he  could  bring  his  own  judgment 
to  bear  on  the  question. 

CECIL  DEEDES. 

Chichester. 

I  believe  that  on  further  inquiry  MB. 
NEVILL  will  be  convinced  that  the  form 
Ernisius  is  correct,  and  that  it  is  a  different 
name  from  Herveius.  I  am  writing  away 
from  my  books,  but  if  I  may  trust  to  my 
memory,  I  think  it  will  be  found  that  Ernisi 
or  Ernisius  was  a  very  early  owner  of  the 
manor  of  Wick,  now  Painswick,  in  Glouces- 
tershire. The  word  probably  represents 
the  A.-S.  Earnsige,  a  name  which  will  be 
found  in  Mr.  Searle's  '  Onomasticon  Anglo- 
Saxonicum.'  It  should  not,  of  course, 
be  translated  as  Ernest. 

W.  F.  PBIDEATJX. 


HAWKINS  FAMILY  AND  ABMS  (10  S.  x. 
389). — According  to  Lewis's  '  Topographical 
Dictionary,'  Marcham  in  Berkshire  is  a 

Earish  that  lies  two  miles  and^  a  half,  west 
y   south,   from   Abingdon  ;     and  it;  would 
seem  from  the   '  Index  of  Berkshire^Wills 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


473 


1508-1652'  (Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.),  p.  83,  that 
it  was  the  home  of  a  family  of  Hawkins 
at  any  rate  from  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  if  not  earlier.  Sir  Richard  Haw- 
kins, a  scrivener  in  the  Old  Bailey,  who 
was  knighted  in  1687,  was  born  there 
(see  9  S.  vii.  154).  I  do  not  know  whether 
Foster's  '  Alumni  Oxon.'  is  correct  in  identify- 
ing him  with  the  Richard  Hawkins  of  Mort- 
lake,  Surrey,  whose  son  Richard  matricu- 
lated from  St.  Edmund  Hall  in  1681/2 ; 
but  this  scrivener  who  became  a  knight 
was  certainly  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
will  of  William  Hawkins  of  Mortlake,  who 
died  in  1677/8,  and  who,  there  is  some  reason 
to  think,  was  a  great-uncle  of  William  Haw- 
kins, the  serjeant-at-law  (see  9  S.  xi.  10). 

William  Hawkins,  the  Prebendary  of 
Winchester  who  married  Izaak  Walton's 
daughter,  is  said  to  have  been  born  in  1633 
(Anderdon's  '  Life  of  Ken  by  a  Layman,' 
ii.  829).  He  would  seem  to  be  identical 
with  the  "  William  Hawkins,  gent."  (neither 
age  nor  parentage  mentioned),  whom  Foster 
gives  as  matriculating  from  Christ  Church 
in  1650,  and  as  receiving  the  degree  of  M.A. 
at  Oxford  in  1655  and  of  D.D.  at  Lambeth 
in  1664.  This  member  of  Christ  Church 
stood  unsuccessfully  for  the  office  of  junior 
proctor  at  Oxford  in  1660  (see  '  Wood's 
Life  and  Times,'  Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.,  i.  307 
et  seq.).  As  to  the  partial  confusion  that 
Foster  made  of  the  Prebendary  of  Win- 
chester with  his  contemporary  and  name- 
sake, Dr.  William  Hawkins  of  Magdalen 
College,  who  became  Prebendary  of  Nor- 
wich, see  9  S.  vi.  371  ;  vii.  477.  The  Pre- 
bendary of  Winchester  had  a  whole  brother 
John  Hawkins,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  who  took  the  degree  of  S.T.B. 
in  1661  (see  9  S.  vi.  371).  This  John  Haw- 
kins is  entered  in  the  Trinity  register  as 
having  been  admitted  a  pensioner  of  the 
College  on  7  March,  1645  ;  but  unfortunately 
the  entry  does  not  record  his  parentage. 
There  was  a  sister  (or  possibly  half-sister) 
Temperance  Hawkins  who  married  Bra- 
bazon  Aylmer,  citizen  and  stationer,  of  St. 
Michael's,  Cornhill  (see  9  S.  vi.  371).  The 
marriage  licence,  dated  30  Sept.,  1678, 
describes  her  as  of  St.  Faith's,  London,  a 
spinster  aged  about  twenty,  whose  parents 
were  dead  (Harl.  Soc.,  xxiii.  285).  She 
seems  to  have  been  buried  at  St.  Michael's, 
Cornhill,  on  16  May,  1697  (see  the  Register, 
Harl.  Soc.,  p.  275). 

At  10  S.  vi.  31  mention  is  made  of  some 
descendants  of  Dr.  Hawkins,  the  Prebendary 
of  Winchester,  and  his  wife  Anne  Walton. 
Their  great-granddaughter,  Frances  Haw- 


kins, who,  as  there  stated,  became  Mrs. 
Blagden,  went  abroad  after  her  husband's 
death.  From  letters  of  hers  that  I  have 
seen,  it  appears  that  from  1803  to  1807 
she  was  living  at  "  No.  66,  Rue  Paris, 
Rennes,"  and  that  in  June,  1832,  her  address 
was  at  "La  Lambetty,  St.  Servan."  When 
the  Rev.  Herbert  Hawes,  D.D.,  of  Salis- 
bury, died  in  January,  1837,  The  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  (N.S.  vii.  549)  stated  [that 
"  with  the  exception  of  a  female  cousin," 
he  had  been  "  the  last  surviving  descendant" 
of  Izaak  Walton  the  angler.  I  do  not 
know  the  date  of  Mrs.  Blagden's  death ; 
but,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  she  must  have 
been  the  female  cousin  to  whom  the  writer 
of  that  obituary  notice  intended  to  refer. 
She  is  said  to  have  been  thirty  years  of 
age  at  the  time  of  her  marriage  in  1790 
(Harl.  Soc.,  xxxv.  74).  H.  C. 

EDINBURGH  :  DERIVATION  or  ITS  NAME 
(10  S.  x.  410). — The  oldest  form  of  the  name 
of  Edinburgh  is  Edwinesburg.  In  the 
foundation  charter  of  Holyrood  by  David  I.,. 
Holyrood  is  called  "  Ecclesia  Sancti  Crucis 
Edwinesburgensis."  Simeon  of  Durham 
calls  the  town  Edwinesburch.  See  Skene's 
'  Celtic  Scotland,'  i.  240. 

Edinburgh  received  its  name  from  Edwin 
the  Northumbrian  king  (the  friend  of 
Paulinas),  who  added  to  his  kingdom  the 
district  from  the  Esk  to  the  Avon,  and  made 
"  Edwinesburg  "  its  chief  stronghold. 

A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

Oxford. 

For  the  etymology  of  the  Gaelic  Dunedin 
from  eudain,  Old  Irish  earfcm  =  "fort  on 
the  hill  brow,"  see  Johnston's  '  Place - 
Names  of  Scotland,'  s.v.  '  Edinburgh. ' 

C.  S.  JERRAM. 

BRUGES  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION  (10  S.  x. 
408). — As  an  old  and  frequent  visitor  to- 
Bruges,  I  should  say  the  right  pronunciation 
is  the  French  one.  MR.  FOSTER  PALMER 
asks,  Why  not  the  Flemish  ?  and  asserts 
that  the  Flemish  pronunciation  of  Bruges 
is  "  Bru-ya."  There  is  seme  confusion 
of  mind  'here.  One  might  as  well  say 
that  Londres  is  pronounced  London.  No- 
Fleming  ever  pronounces  Bruges  other 
than  in  the  French  way,  but,  as  in  the  case 
of  most  Belgian  towns,  there  is  a  Flemish 
name  for  it  as  well  as  a  F  rench  one.  It  is 
written  "  Brugge,"  and  it  is  this,  and  not 
the  French  name,  which  s  ounds  like  "  Bru- 
ya  "  to  your  correspondent .  I  should  prefer 
to  express  the  sound  by  "  Bru-ba."  T he- 
Flemish  and  Dutch  g  ha  s  a  mcst  peculiar 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  iocs. 


•effect,  quite  unlike  English  y.  It  is  more 
like  a  thick  h,  and  when  a  Fleming  tries 
to  speak  English,  he  says  "I  ho  "  instead 
of  "I  go."  Mr.  Jerome  K.  Jerome,  in  an 
amusing  article  in  M.  A.  P.,  once  described 
this  sound  as  follows  : — 

"  The  Anglo-Saxon  should  not  attempt  the  Dutch 
g.  It  is  hopeless  to  think  of  succeeding,  and  the 
attempt  has  been  known  to  produce  internal 
rupture.  The  Dutchman  appears  to  keep  his  g  in 
his  stomach,  and  to  haul  it  up  when  wanted.  Myself, 
I  find  the  ordinary  g,  preceded  by  a  hiccough  and 
followed  by  a  sob,  the  nearest  I  can  get  to  it. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

The  pronunciation  is  certainly  not  "  Brii- 
ja."  Having  lived  for  five  years  in  Bruges 
and  eleven  in  Belgium,  and  frequently  visited 
Bruges  since  my  stay  there  ended  twenty- 
one  years  ago,  I  may  state  with  a  certain 
amount  of  authority  that  the  pronunciation 
is  nearer  Brugger  (final  r  mute),  with  the 
g  slightly  aspirate.  In  Ghent  it  would  be 
hard.  Perhaps  your  correspondent  prefers 
to  say  "  Broogees." 

JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

JACQUES  BABIN,  EX-NOBLE  (10  S.  x. 
428).— See  Wallon,  '  Histoire  du  Tribunal 
Revolutionnaire  de  Paris,'  ii.  505  : — 

13  Pluviose  (1  Feb.). — "Jacques  Babin,  ex-noble, 
accuse  de  s'etre  oppose  au  recrutement,  parce  qu'il 
avait  dit,  quand  on  organisa  la  garde  riationale  de 
Lignac  :  qu'on  les  induisait  en  erreur  en  leur  disant 
qu  ils  seraient  enroles  de  force  (Archives,  W  318, 
dossier  468,  piece  15).  Cela  suffit  pour  le  faire 
condamner.' 

J.  F.  R. 

Godalming. 

TOOTHACHE  (10  S.  x.  121,  171,  196,  216, 
416). — I  do  not  know  if  blacksmiths  have 
yet  given  up  the  practice  of  dentistry  in 
England,  but  they  have  not  done  so  in 
some  not  very  remote  parts  of  Europe. 
A  few  years  ago,  when  staying  at  Vizzavona 
in  the  Corsican  hills,  my  wife  suffered 
considerable  inconvenience  from  a  loose 
tooth,  and  on  inquiring  from  the  excellent 
patron  of  the  little  hotel,  M.  Baretti,  whether 
there  was  any  dentist  nearer  than  Ajaccio 
who  could  relieve  her,  I  was  told  that  there 
was  a  good  one  at  Bocognano,  a  village 
two  or  three  miles  off.  He  added  that  if 
we  liked  to  try  him,  his  sister  was  wife  of 
the  maire  of  the  commune,  and  that  she 
would  be  glad  to  receive  us.  We  therefore 
set  off  by  rail  under  the  guidance  of  our 
friend's  daughter,  a  pretty  girl  of  fifteen. 
On  the  way  Antoinette  informed  us  that 
the  dentist  was  really  an  ouvrier,  and  on 
further  inquiry  we  discovered  he  was  the 


village  farrier.  Arriving  at  Bocognano, 
we  were  received  by  the  mayoress  in  a  very 
kind  and  hospitable  manner,  and  while  we 
were  discussing  coffee  and  cakes  in  her  little 
salon,  she  sent  for  the  dentist,  who,  however, 
did  not  turn  up,  as  he  had  gone  to  Ajaccio 
for  the  day.  Our  trepidation  being  quite 
removed  by  this  good  news,  we  spent  a 
pleasant  afternoon  with  our  kind  friends, 
and  the  next  morning  my  wife,  taking  her 
courage  in  both  hands,  dislodged  the  tooth 
herself.  On  the  blacksmith's  presenting 
himself,  we  were  therefore  enabled  to  tell 
him  that  his  services  were  no  longer  required. 
What  his  dental  armoury  consisted  of  I 
cannot  say,  but  from  what  we  heard  at 
Bocognano,  he  seems  to  have  been  a  skilful 
practitioner.  W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

FIRST  ENGLISH  BISHOP  TO  MARRY  : 
BISHOP  BARLOW  (10  S.  x.  366,  412).— There 
are  surely  errors  somewhere  in  connexion 
with  Bishop  Barlow,  for  at  the  second  refer- 
ence it  is  stated  that  this  bishop  was  trans- 
lated to  St.  Davids  in  1636,  and  died  in~]1569. 
The  latter  is  probably  a  lapsus  calami  or 
a  typographical  mistake.  If  that  were  all, 
the  following  would  not  have  been  written. 

Godwin's  'Catalogue'  (1615),  under  Lin- 
coln, informs  us  that  "  William  Barlow, 
sometimes  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall  in  Cam- 
bridge, was  translated  hither  from  Rochester 
June  27,  1608,  and  died  somewhat  sodainely, 
Sepemb.  7,  1613."  ',  -fc 

My  author,  under  Bath  and  Wells,  states 
that  William  Barlow,  Doctor  of  Divinity, 
sometimes  a  Canon  of  St.  Osythes,  was 
consecrated  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  in  the  year 
1535,  removed  to  St.  Davids  in  1536,  sat 
there  about  thirteen  years,  and  was  trans- 
lated to  Bath  and  Wells  to  succeed  Bishop 
Knight,  in  1549. 

In  Godwin's  list  of  Bishops  of  Rochester 
the  following  appears  :  "  William  Barlow, 
Doctor  of  Divinity  and  Deane  of  Chester, 
sometimes  fellow  of  Trinity  hal.  in  Cam- 
bridge, was  cons.  Jun.  30,  1605,  and  trans- 
lated to  Lincolne  1608." 

The  '  History  of  the  Church  of  Great 
Britain  '  (1674)  agrees  with  Godwin  in  so  far 
as  Barlow's  bishoprics  go,  but  the  former 
does  not  give  dates.  Of  course  this  agree- 
ment  may,  as  is  not  unusual  among  writers, 
be  simply  a  reproduction  of  Godwin's 
'  Catalogue.' 

Fortunately  we  have  outside  evidence, 
apart  from  both  authors,  which  cannot  in- 
volve a  question  of  anything  approaching 
plagiarism,  and  which  I  think  proves  that 
the  date  given,  at  the  second  reference,  as 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


475 


"that  of  the  death  of  Bishop   Barlow  is  in 
correct. 

One  of  the  benefactors  of  Whitgift's 
Hospital  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Croydon 
was  Bishop  Barlow,  and  I  append  an 
«ntry  from  its  records  :— 

"  The  22  of  March  being  the  first  day  of  the 
foundation  of  this  Hospital,  Wm.  Barlow,  sometime 
Bishop  of  Rochester  and  Chaplaine  to  the  founder 
hath  given  a  com'emoration  sermon  for  wh'  he  hatl 
•allowd  13s.  4d,  and  3s.  4o?.  to  the  Vicar  of  Croydor 
to  publish  it,  as  also  13s.  Id.  for  a  dinner  and  10* 
unto  the  poor  brothers'  box  for  ever,  wh'  benevo 
lence  of  his  is  dulie  performed  by  the  woshippful 
oompaiiie  of  fishmongers  of  London." 

The  building  of  the  Hospital  in  question 
was  commenced  on  14  Feb.,  1596,  and  was 
finished  on  29  Sept.,  1599.  Further,  al- 
though the  date  of  Barlow's  benefaction 
as  not  given,  yet  from  other  benefactors' 
gifts  specified  before  and  after  his,  the  date 
must  have  been  at  or  about  that  of  his  death 
in  1613. 

In  a  full  and  particular  list  of  the  Bishops 
of  Rochester  in  '  The  History  and  Antiqui- 
ties of  Rochester'  (1772)  there  is  a  fairly 
lengthy  account  of  William  Barlow,  in  which 
it  is  stated  that  he  was  elected  to  the  See 
of  Lincoln  in  1608,  and  died  suddenly  at 
his  palace  of  Buckden,  7  Sept.,  1613. 

ALFRED  CHAS.  JONAS. 
Thornton  Heath. 

Is  there  any  evidence  to  make  good  the 
•claim  of  William  Barlow  to  priority  over 
Paul  Bush,  first  Bishop  of  Bristol  (b.  1490, 
•d.  1558)  ?  "He  took  to  wife  Edith  Ashley, 
scurrilously  called  by  Pits  '  his  concubine.'  ' 

She  died  in  1553,  but  I  cannot  find  the 
date  of  their  marriage. 

On  the  other  hand,  Barlow  appears  from 
'  D.N.B.'  to  have  married  in  1550.  Tradition 
in  Bristol  describes  Paul  Bush  as  the  first 
Bishop  who  was  married  ;  his  tomb  in  the 
Cathedral  is  close  by  that  of  his  wife. 

J.  A.  N. 

In  the  church  of  Easton,  near  Winchester, 
is  a  mural  monument  to  Agatha,  relict  of 
William  Barlow,  successively  Bishop  of 
-St.  Asaph,  St.  Davids,  Bath  and  Wells, 
and  Chichester,  which  records  the  singular 
iortunes  of  their  five  daughters,  who  were 
married  to  five  bishops,  viz.,  York,  Win- 
chester, Coventry  and  Lichfield,  Hereford, 
and  Chichester.  Agatha  and  her  son  William 
Barlow,  B.A.  (rector  here  from  1577,  and 
Archdeacon  of  Salisbury,  died  25  May, 
1625),  are  buried  in  the  chancel. 

THOS.  FISHEB. 
Merstham. 


The  following  works  bear  on  this  interest- 
ing point  : — 

"  A  Defence  for  Mariage  of  Priestes,  by  Scripture 
and  aunciente  Wryters,  made  by  lohn  Ponet,  Doc- 
toure  of  Divinitee.  London,  In  the  house  of 
Reynold  e  Wolfe,  1549." 

Ponet  or  Poynet  became  Bishop  of  Rochester 
and  Winchester  successively,  but  was  de- 
prived upon  the  accession  of  Mary  in  1553, 
whereupon  he  decided  it  was  distinctly 
healthier  (and  safer)  to  reside  on  the  Con- 
tinent. There  he  prepared  and  issued 
surreptitiously  several  publications,  among 
them  being 

"  An  Apologie  fully  answeringe  by  Scriptures 
and  aunceant  Doctors  a  blasphemose  book  gatherid 
by  Dr.  Steph.  Gardiner,  D.  Smith  of  Oxford,  etc., 
against  the  Godly  Mariadge  of  Priests.  Newly 
corrected  and  amended.  1556."  No  place  or 
printer. 

The  following  also  appeared  at  the  time  : — 

"  A  traictise  declaryng  and  plainly  prouyng  that 
the  pretensed  Marriage  of  Priestes  and  Professed 
Persons  is  no  Marriage,  but  altogether  unlawful, 
and  in  all  ages  and  all  countreies  of  Christendome 
bothe  forbidden  and  also  punyshed.  Herewith  is 
comprised  a  full  Confutation  of  Doctor  Poynette's 
boke  entitled  a  'Defence  for  the  Marriage  of 
Priestes  '—-By  Thomas  Martin,  Doctour  of  the  Civile 
Lawes.  London,  R.  Caly,  1554."  Dedicated  to 
Queen  Mary. 

"Defence  of  Priestes'  Mariages  stablysshed  by 
the  imperiall  Laws  of  the  Realme  of  England, 
agaynst  a  Ciuilian  namyng  hymself  Thomas  Martin, 
goying  about  to  disproue  the  said  Mariages,  lawful! 
by  the  eternall  worde  of  God  and  by  the  Hygh 
Court  of  Parliament,  only  forbydden  by  forayii 
lawes  and  canons  of  the  Pope,  coloured  with  the 
Visour  of  the  Churche.  [By  Matthew  Parker, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury.]  London,  Rd.  Jugge." 
1556. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

'  LETTERS   LEFT  AT  THE  PASTRY-COOK'S  ' 

,10  S.  x.  427). — The  author  is  Horace  May- 

kew,   one  of  a  literary  family  well  known 

n    the   Middle    Victorian   period    (1845-65) 

as  "  the  brothers  Mayhew."     Horace  May- 

lew  was  for  some  time  sub-editor  of  Punch 

under   Mark   Lemon.     The    '  Dictionary   of 

National     Biography  '     says     (vol.     xxxiii. 

p.    154:     "In   1853  he  wrote   'Letters  left 

at    the    Pastry-Cook's '  "  ;     but    Allibone's 

Dictionary  of  English  Literature,'  vol.  ii. 

p.    1255,   gives   the   date   of   the    '  Letters ' 

as  1851,  8vo.  L.  A.  W. 

Dublin. 

The  title-page  to  the  fourth  edition,  1853, 
states  that  they  were  edited  by  Horace 
Mayhew,  and  published  by  Ingram,  Cooke 
&  "Co.,  227,  Strand.  The  editor  in  his 

reface,  after  explaining  how  he  became 
possessed  of  them,  informs  his  readers  that 

he   originals   are   left   with   the   publisher, 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 


at  the  office,  227,  Strand,  in  case  Kitty  or 
Nelly  should  feel  inclined  to  call  and  claim 
them  in  person.  R.  J.  FYNMOBE. 

This  shilling  paper-covered  book  was 
a  great  favourite  with  my  aunts  in  their 
young  days,  and  was  evidently  very  popular, 
as  my  copy  is  the  sixth  edition,  and  is  dated 
1853.  The  author  was  Horace  May  hew, 
whose  name  appears  on  the  cover.  One 
of  my  aunts  tells  me  that  the  shop  (the 
type  is  almost  extinct  now)  at  which  the 
letters  are  supposed  to  have  been  left  was 
known  as  Tupp's,  and  was  situated  at  the 
corner  of  Hanway  Street  and  Tottenham 
Court  Road.  W.  P.  D.  S. 

ST.  GODWALD  (10  S.  x.  268).— The  patron 
saint  of  Finstall  is  no  doubt  the  eponymous 
hero  of  Gulval  in  Cornwall,  and  the  St. 
Welvela,  Gulval,  or  Galwell,  to  whom,  with 
St.  Sitevola  or  Sidwell,  the  parish  church  of 
Laneast  in  the  same  county  is  dedicated. 
Alban  Butler  and  others  think  that  St. 
Gudwal  or  Gulval  is  to  be  identified  with  St. 
Gurval,  the  second  bishop  of  the  see  now 
known  as  St.  Malo.  This  question  is  dis- 
cussed by  Canon  Thomas  in  a  note  at  p.  217 
of  Le  Grand's  '  Les  Vies  des  Saints  de  la 
Bretagne  Armorique '  (5th  ed.,  Quimper, 
1901).  See  also  the  '  Acta  Sanctorum ' 
under  6  June  ;  Stanton's  '  Menology,' 
pp.  258—9  ;  and  Smith  and  Wace's  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Christian  Biography,'  ii.  807. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.  309,  353,  413).— 

Two  shall  be  born  the  whole  wide  world  apart. 
The  poem  '  Fate  '  appeared,  as  I  said  ante, 
p.   353,  in  The  Saturday  Review  of  18  Jan. 
1908,    with    the    name    G.    E.  Edmundson 
and    the    address    Bucaramanga,    1907.     It 
would  be  interesting  to   learn  whether  the 
poem  is  identical  with  that  mentioned  by 
your   American   correspondents.     It   is   cer- 
tainly a  poem  of  two  stanzas  of  nine  lines 
each,  in  blank  verse.       ETHEL  M.  TURNER. 

MR.  HIBGAME  inquires,  ante,  p.  309 
for  the  author  of  the  "  well-known  line 
on  '  Fate,'  "  beginning 

Two  shall  be  born  the  whole  wide  world  apart ; 
while  the  inference  to  be  drawn  from  the 
information  given  at  p.  353  is  that  the  line 
wanted  were  first  published  on  18  Jan. 
1908,  in  The  Saturday  Revieiv,  as  an  origina 
poem  by  G.  E.  Edmundson,  to  whom  the} 
are  credited. 

The  ^truth  is  that  the  poem  in  question 
consisting  of  two  nine-line  stanzas,  was 


s  I  stated  at  p.  413,  written  nearly  twenty 
ears  ago  by  Mrs.  Susan  Marr  Spalding, 
f  Bath,  Main,  and  later  resident  in  Rock- 
ord,  Delaware.  I  have  a  manuscript  copy,. 
Tanscribed  in  1891,  with  a  note  saying  that 
The  Magazine  of  Poetry  of  October, ^1890' 
— to  which  I  cannot  now  refer — gave,  with 
he  lines,  a  biographical  notice  of  tne  writer.  | 
At  this  distance  of  time  I  cannot  be  cer- 
ain,  but  my  strong  impression  is  that  this- 
)it  of  verse  was  even  then  becoming  "  well 
nown  "  and  was  reprinted  in  the  magazine- 
n  connexion  with  its  biographical  sketch. 

However  this  may  be,  a  claim  in  behalf 
f  any  other  reputed  author  should  at  least 
how  publication  of  the  poem  prior  to- 
)ctober,  1890.  M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 

Is  he  gone  to  a  land  of  no  laughter  ? 

The  words  are  not  quite  correctly  given 

>y  MRS.  MONTEFIORE,  ante,  p.  428,  but  the- 

)iece  in  question  will  be  found  in  Mr.  James- 

ilhoades's    '  Poems.'     The    subject    is    the 

eath  of  Artemus  Ward  (Charles  F.  Browne). 

?he  author  was  evidently  indebted  as  regards 

he   metre   to   Mr.     Swinburne's    '  Dolores/ 

ind  the  dedication  to  Burne-Jones  of  the- 

irst  series  of  '  Poems  and  Ballads.' 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
[G.  W.  E.  R.  also  refers  to  Mr.  Rhoades.] 

Lose  this  day  loitering,  'twill  be  the  same  story- 
To-morrow,  and  the  next  more  dilatory ; 
True  indecision  brings  its  own  delays, 
And  days  are  lost,  lamenting  over  days. 
Are  you  in  earnest  1    Seize  the  very  minute  ; 
What  you  can  do,  or  think  you  can,  begin  it ; 
Boldness  has  genius,  power,  and  magic  in  it. 
Only  begin  it,  and  the  mind  grows  heated  ; 
Begin  it,  and  the  work  will  be  completed. 

An  old  scrapbook  in  my  possession  con- 
tains the  lines  in  a  cutting  from  a  newspaper 
of  1845.  The  name  of  the  author  is  not  given, 
but  I  am  inclined  to  think  the  lines  are- 
from  an  American  pen.  M.  N.  G. 

NATIONAL  PORTRAIT  GALLERY  (10  S.  x. 
329).— The  late  William  Henry  Alexander 
(b.  1833),  who  subscribed  80,OOOZ.  towards- 
the  building  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery, 
was  a  son  of  Henry  Browne  Alexander,. 
J.P.,  of  the  Laurels,  Barnes,  Surrey,  and 
grandson  of  John  Alexander  (d.  1831)  of 
Kensington  Terrace,  Kensington  (see  Faulk- 
ner's 'Kensington').  Alexander  Square, 
South  Kensington,  is  said  to  be  named  after 
this  family.  LIONEL  SCHANK. 

BRIDGE  WITH  FIGURES  OF  THE  SAVIOUR 
(10  S.  ix.  309).— J.  W.  A.  is  probably  think 
ing  of  the  bridge  at  Prague,  upon  which 
are  a  number  of  statues  of  saints.  He  will 


10  s.  x.  DEO.  12,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


find  an  account  of  the  bridge  in  '  Kamen- 
itzky's  Eigentlicher  Entwurff  und  Vor- 
bildung  der ....  Prager-Briicken .  .  . .  '  pub- 
lished at  Prague  in  1716.  I  have  not  seen 
the  book  for  many  years,  but,  if  I  remember 
rightly,  it  is  of  a  biographical  and  devo- 
tional character,  containing  prayers  ad- 
dressed to  the  various  saints  whose  statues 
.adorn  the  bridge.  A  copy  may  be  found  in 
the  Patent  Office  Library. 

I  am  told  that  an  illustrated  account  of 
the  bridge  at  Prague  appeared  in  The 
Sketch  about  July  or  August  last. 

R.  B.  P. 

WILBRAHAM  AND  TABRAHAM  AS  PROPER 
NAMES  (10  S.  x.  430). — There  is  no  difficulty 
about  Wilbraham,  as  it  was  taken  from  the 
place-name.  Wilbraham  is  explained  at 
p.  24  of  my  '  Place-Names  of  Cambridge- 
shire.' The  old  spelling  Wilburgeham  occurs 
in  Birch,  '  Cartularium  Anglo-Saxonicum,' 
vol.  iii.  p.  630.  Wilburge  is  the  genitive 
•case  of  the  female  name  Wilburh.  It  occurs 
again  in  Wilburton,  also  in  Cambs. 

I  cannot  find  Tabraham,  nor  any  old 
•example  of  it ;  and  I  do  not  know  where 
it  is.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Lower  ('  Patronymica  Britannica ')  de- 
duces Wilbraham  from  an  estate  in  Cheshire. 
"  The  earliest  recorded  ancestor  is  Richard 
de  Wilburgham  of  Wilburgham "  in  that 
county,  who  lived  in  the  thirteenth  century. 
Bardsley  ( '  Dictionary  of  English  and  Welsh 
Surnames ' )  gives  examples  of  it  through 
the  stages  Wilburgham,  Wylberham,  Wyl- 
bram,  and  Wilbraham. 

Tabraham  is  quite  new  to  me.  If  not 
derived  from  a  locality,  it  may  be  Abraham 
in  disguise,  the  patriarch  being  masked, 
instead  of  being  brutally  decapitated  to 
serve  as  Braham.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Is  not  Wilbraham  derived  from  the  place- 
name  Wilbraham  in  East  Cambridgeshire  ? 

Would  not  Tabraham  be  D' Abraham, 
son  of  Abraham  ?  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop  Stortford. 

"MOLOKER,"  YIDDISH  TERM  (10  S.  x. 
385,  435). — In  the  Vale  of  Aylesbury  sixty 
years  ago  a  "  moloker  "  (accent  on  the  first 
•syllable)  was  a  person  who  dawdled  about, 
wasted  time  on  trifles,  a  sort  of  sloven, 
of  whom  a  neighbour  would  say,  "He 
bean't  up  to  much — a  reg'lar  moloker  I  calls 
him."  "  Mollock  "  and  "  mullock  "  are  good 
old  English  dialect  words  (about  the  general 
use  of  which  much  appears  in  the  'E.D.D.'), 
meaning  dirt,  refuse,  confusion,  mess, 


muddle,  slovenliness,  &c.  These  are  the 
uses  to  which  MR.  RATCLIFFE  refers,  but 

moloker,"  with  accent  on  the  second 
syllable,  appears  to  have  no  connexion 
therewith.  RICHD.  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

ELEANOR  WOOD  10  S.  x.  367).— The 
following  notes  are  from  the  Shropshire 
Parish  Register  Society's  publications. 

The  Alberbury  Register  has,  under  date 
1663,  Dec.  10,  "  Elinor  Wood  bap."  There 
are  no  other  baptisms  about  this  date  of  the 
same  name. 

The  earliest  extant  Sheinton  Register 
begins  1711.  Extracts  of  older  registers 
date  from  1658.  I  do  not  think  High 
Ercall  registers  are  yet  printed. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Innellan,  Shrewsbury. 

Having  looked  through  the  Alberbury 
Registers,  I  find  the  following  entries. 
They  do  not  correspond  with  the  dates 
required  by  DOCTOR,  but  they  may  perhaps 
be  of  some  use  to  him  : — 

"  1630,  Dec.  5.  Elinora,  f.  Edwardi  et  Margarete 
Whood,  bap." 

"  1630,  Jan.  30.  Elinora,  f.  Edwardi  et  Margarete 
Whood  de  Bulchey,  sep." 

The  first*  Sheinton  Register  was  lost,  but 
how  or  when  is  not  known  ;  ]  it  was  missing 
in  1831.  The  earliest  date  of  Sheinton 
Register  is  1658.  H.  T.  BEDDOWS. 

Shrewsbury  Free  Library. 

DICKENS'S  SURNAMES:  GUPPY  (10  S.  x. 
327). — Guppy  has  long  been  a  well-known 
name  in  this  city.  According  to  Besley's 
*  Exeter  Directory  '  for  1831,  Guppy  appears 
to  have  then  been  the  postman  ;  and  in  the 
same  directory  for  the  current  year  the  names 
of  eight  different  families  of  Guppy  occur. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

QUEEN  ELIZABETH'S  DAY,  17  NOVEMBER 
(10  S.  x.  381,  431).— W.  C.  B.  may  like  to 
know  that  there  is  a  reference  to  Queen 
Elizabeth's  birthday  in  Swift's  journal  to 
Stella.  I  cannot  give  the  page,  as  I  have 
no  copy  by  me.  SUSANNA  CORNER. 

Nottingham. 

THE  KENT,  EAST  INDIAMAN  (10  S.  x.  430). 
— MR.  H.  R.  LEIGHTON  may  find  some  par- 
ticulars respecting  the  officers  and  passengers 
in  this  unfortunate  ship  by  referring  to 
the  works  set  out  in  the  '  Bibliotheca  Cornu- 
biensis,'  of  Mr.  G.  C.  Boase  and  myself, 
iii.  1006,  and  in  the  '  Collectanea  Cornu- 
biensia  '  of  Mr.  Boase,  p.  1466. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  IQOS. 


I  have  a  note  that  "  Rob  Roy  "  Macgregor 
(who  died  1892)  was  saved,  when  a  child, 
from  the  Kent. 

In  The  Times,  1866,  one  of  the  survivors 
relates  how 

"  Major wroto  a  tew  lines  and  enclosed  the 

paper  in  a  bottle,  which  was  left  in  the  cabin.  Nine- 
teen months  after  this  the  writer  of  the  paper  arrived 
in  the  island  of  Barbadoes,  in  command  of  another 
regiment,  and  he  was  amazed  to  find  that  the  bottle 
(cast  into  the  sea  by  the  explosion  that  destroyed 
the  Kent)  had  been  washed  ashore  on  that  very 
island.  The  paper,  with  its  faint  pencil  lines 
expressing  Christian  faith,  is  still  preserved  ;  and 
this  account  of  it  can  be  authenticated  by  those 
who  were  saved." 

Should  not  the  name  of  the  colonel  be 
Fearon  ?  Another  survivor  was  Capt.  Jas. 
Spence.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

"ST.  FRANCIS'S  MOON"  (10  S.  x.  189, 
258). — The  original  suggestion  seems  not 
unlikely.  St.  Francis  Xavier,  canonized 
by  Gregory  XV.  in  1662,  first  arrived  in 
Japan  15  Aug.,  1549,  and  his  body  was  dis- 
interred, seven  months  after  his  death 
("  entire,  fresh,  and  still  exhaling  a  sweet 
odour,"  as  Alban  Butler  relates),  in  August, 
1553,  from  a  damp  cemetery  at  Malacca. 

The  suggestion  at  the  second  reference  is 
impossible  of  acceptance.  St.  Jane  Frances  de 
Chantal  is  never  called  St.  Frances  without 
the  prefix  of  her  baptismal  name  of  Jane. 
Further,  she  was  canonized  by  Benedict 
XIV.  in  1751,  having  died  13  Dec.,  1641, 
and  so  cannot  have  given  rise  to  the  phrase 
in  question  in  the  mouth  of  a  writer  "  at 
the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century."  More- 
over, her  festival  (not  "  name-day ")  was 
fixed  on  21  August  by  a  decree  of  Clement 
XIV.  dated  2  Sept.,  1769,  and,  so  far  as  I  can 
see,  nothing  earlier  than  this  decree  connects 
her  with  the  month  of  August  in  any  way. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

SHAKESPEARE  VISITORS'  BOOKS  (10  S.  x. 
429). — A  portion  of  the  series  was  sold 
by  auction  in  May,  1898,  for  56Z.,  and  I  fear 
it  would  be  now  necessary  to  journey  across 
the  Atlantic  to  inspect  the  same.  The 
description  ran  as  follows  : — 

"  Shakespeare  Birthplace :  the  Visitors'  Books 
from  May,  1821,  to  Sept.,  1847,  including  the 
signatures  of  Royal  Personages,  Antiquaries, 
Literary  and  Theatrical  Persons,  Poets,  &c.,  viz., 
Washington  Irving,  Charles  Dickens,  Maclise, 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ainsworth,  Mendelssohn,  Edmund 
Kean,  Macready.  With  poetical  inscriptions,  &c. 
Including  alphabetical  index  of  all  the  names 
entered.  Contained  in  5  vols.,  4to  (four  in  vellum, 
one  in  half-morocco)." 

Your  correspondent  suggests  the  Me- 
morial. "  Hall  "  (Memorial  Library  ?),  Strat- 


ford, as  an  appropriate  resting-place  for 
such  records,  but  gives  no  hint  as  to  the- 
wherewithal  for  the  purchase.  If  the  pre- 
sent attitude  of  our  wealthy  countrymen 
towards  valuable  Shakespeariana  is  any 
criterion,  such  properties  will  continue  ta 
cross  the  ocean,  when  opportunity  offers, 
for  some  time  to  come.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

FLEET  PRISON  (10  S.  x.  110,  258).— As 
to  MB.  MACMICHAEL'S  "  learned  lawyer," 
I  suggest  a  reference  to  the  '  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography.'  "  There  ain't  no  sich 
person  "  as  Fleta.  Q.  V. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The    Oxford    English    Dictionary.  —  Movement  — 

Myz.   '(Vol.  VI.)    By  Henry  Bradley.     (Oxford, 

Clarendon  Press.) 

Six  complete  volumes  of  the  great  Dictionary  have- 
now  been  published,  containing  the  letters  A — N. 
In  addition,  the  letter  0  is  completed ;  P  has  got 
as  far  as  "Premious";  Q  is  finished;  and  R  has 
reached  "  Ribaldously."  This  steady  advance  is 
most  gratifying.  It  is  noted  that  between  450  and1 
525  pages  are  issued  to  subscribers  yearly,  and  that 
the  Worshipful  Company  of  Goldsmiths  has  contri- 
buted 5,000£.  towards,  the  cost  of  Vol.  VI.— an 
instance  of  the  enlightened  liberality  of  the  Cityr 
which  is  generally  abused  for  being  behind  the 
times. 

The  present  section  opens  in  the  middle  of  the 
article  on  "movement."  "  Mow,"  a  grimace,  is  said 
to  be  of  obscure  origin,  though  French  moue  seems 
more  likely  as  its  source  than  the  Middle  Dutch 
mouwe,  which  is  also  suggested  as  meaning  "thick 
flesh,"  "  thick  lips,"  and  "pout."  For  "  mowers 'T 
we  are  pleased  to  see  Arnold's  '  Thyrsis '  quoted. 
"  Moy,"  the  imaginary  name  of  a  coin  evolved  by 
Ancient  Pistol  in  'Henry  V.,' is  not  supposed  to- 
refer  to  any  genuine  piece  of  money,  "moidore" 
not  being,  apparently,  earlier  than  the  eighteenth 
century.  "Mr."  and  "  Mrs."  are  interesting  articles  ;: 
and  "much"  is  an  instance  of  the  admirable- 
analysis  of  the  Dictionary.  "  Much  of  a  muchness  " 
appears  first  in  1728.  A  "mucker"  (slang)  is  ad- 
mitted, and  justified  by  the  usage  of  Charles 
Kingsley  and  Bishop  Creighton.  "  Muckibus  "  and 
"muddy"  both  belong  to  the  obsolete  slang  of 
strong  drink.  The  "  muffin  "  is  said  to  be  of  obscure 
origin,  and  begins  in  1703.  We  are  disappointed 
not  to  find  here  the  historic  gentleman  in  Boswell's 
'Life  of  Johnson'  (Ed.  B.  Hill,  iii.  884):  "Mr. 

— ,  who  loved  buttered  muffins,  but  durst  not  eat 
them  because  they  disagreed  with  his  stomach, 
resolved  to  shoot  himself."  The  gentleman  may  be- 
called  historic  because  he  was  transferred  into- 
'Pickwick'  as  "the  man  who  killed  himself  on 
principle,  after  eating  three-shillings'  worth  of 
crumpets." 

There  is  an  immense  collection  of  words  in. 
"  multi."  "  Mumbo  Jumbo"  is  of  unknown  origin, 
there  being  no  light  on  the  word  obtainable  from 
the  languages  of  the  Niger  regions.  "Mungo"' 
(cloth)  also  defies  the  searchers  after  derivation.. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  12, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


479 


"  Murder  "  is  a  long  article.  Under  "  murdered  " 
we  add  that  Keats  alone,  so  far  as  we  know,  has 
ventured  to  use  the  -word  for  "shortly  to  be 
murdered"  in  'Isabella,'  xxvii.: — 

So  the  two  brothers  and  their  murder'd  man 

Rode  past  fair  Florence. 

It  would  not  be  easy  to  guess  the  derivation  of 
"  muscle,"  which  is  due  to  "  the  form  of  some 
muscles  having  a  resemblance  to  that  of  a  mouse." 
"Must"  (vb.)  is  a  fine  article.  Under  "mutiny" 
we  find  Shakespeare's  '  Lucrece '  quoted  : — 

So  with  herself  is'she  in  mutiny ; 
but  we  fail  to  find]  from  Hood's  '  Bridge  of  Sighs ' 
what  should  surely  have  been  quoted  : — 
Make  no  deep  scrutiny 
Into  her  mutiny. 

The  much-abused  "mutual  friend"  gets  some  en- 
couragement, "on  account  of  the  ambiguity  of 
'common  friend.'"  We  note  that  Thackeray  at 
his  best,  in  one  of  the  '  Roundabout  Papers,'  '  A 
Joke  from  the  late  Thomas  Hood,'  near  the  end, 
has  "views  of  my  character,  which  you  are  freely 
imparting  to  our  mutual  friends "  ( '  Oxford 
Thackeray,'  vol.  xvii.  p.  470).  "Mystes,"  like 
other  words  of  mystery  and  mythology,  has  not 
been  adequately  supplied  with  quotations,  which 
any  classical  scholar  of  experience  might,  we  think, 
have  added.  After  a  quotation  of  1778  we  find 
merely  one  from  The  Expositor  of  1904.  L.  Dyer, 
'The  Gods  in  Greece,'  1891,  p.  209,  has:  "All  the 

mystse  and  every  creature  and  thing underwent 

purgation  by  washing  in  the  sea."  Under  "mystifi- 
cation "  and  "  mystified,"  reference  might  have  been 
made  to  the  essay  on  "  Mystifications  "  by  Dr.  John 
Brown,  '  Horse  Subsecivse,'  Series  III.,  which 
describes  the  personations  of  an  old  Scotch  gentle- 
woman by  Miss  Stirling  Graham,  pleasant  frauds, 
clever  enough  to  take  in  Jeffrey  amongst  others. 
The  senses  of  "  myth"  given  seem  hardly  to  cover 
the  following  quotation,  which  ought  to  appeal 
specially  to  Oxford  :  "  The  '  Jowler  myths  '  served 
their  purpose,  and  are  exploded,"  says  Mr.  Tuck- 
well  in  the  second  edition  of  his  '  Reminiscences  of 
Oxford,'  p.  212.  Under  "Mythological"  the 
quotations  do  not  carry  us  beyond  Gladstone's 
'  Homer,'  1858.  Here  is  one  of  1890,  which  may  be 
called  representative,  from  'The  Mythology  and 
Monuments  of  Ancient  Athens.'  by  Miss  Jane 
Harrison  and  Mrs.  Verrall.  The  introduction 
remarks,  p.  xxiv  :  "  The  real  mythological  person- 
age of  one  local  cult  becomes  the  dummy  name  of 
the  other." 

A  Descriptive  Bibliography  of  the  Writings  of  George 
Jacob  Holyoake.  With  a  Brief  Sketch  of  his  Life 
by  Chas.  Win.  F.  Goss,  prefaced  by  Mrs.  Holy- 
oake-Marsh.  (Crowther  &  Goodman.) 
THIS  Holyoake  Bibliography  has  been  a  work  of 
love  to  Mr.  Goss ;  it  has  taken  him  two  years  to 
complete  it,  and  it  was  intended  for  his  own  private 
use,  but  Mrs.  Marsh  felt  that  such  a  record  of  her 
father's  literary  labours  would  be  better  than  any 
memorial  that  could  be  erected  to  his  memory,  and 
one  which  would  be  valued  by  his  friends.  Mr. 
Goss  therefore  allowed  it  to  be  published,  and  Mr. 
Marsh  generously  contributed  to  its  cost.  Sad 
to  relate,  he  died  a  few  days  before  its  publication, 
and  the  volume  is  dedicated  to  his  memory. 

Mr.  Goss  in  the  compilation  of  his  volume  had  to 
read  over  four  hundred  books,  pamphlets,  and 
periodicals,  and  as  a  result  he  has  been  able  to 


append  notes  on  the  subject  of  each  work.  Two  of 
the  pamphlets  in  the  list,  published  in  1843,  were 
composed  while  Holyoake  was  imprisoned  in 
Gloucester  Gaol  for  blasphemy,  and  written  in 
semi-darkness,  sometimes  in  total  darkness,  on  a 
board,  with  cotton  lines  to  guide  the  pen.  The 
little  old-fashioned  inkcase  he  used  he  gave  to  bis 
daughter  forty  years  after. 

Holyoake,  as  our  readers  know,  was  an  occasional 
contributor  to  our  columns  on  his  own  special  sub- 
jects ;  and  how  varied  were  the  periodicals  in  which 
he  wrote  is  shown  on  the  page  of  this  book  in> 
which  the  name  of  'N.  &  Q.'  appears,  among  them 
being  The  Methodist  Times,  Christian  Common- 
wealth, Reynolds^  Neivspaper,  and  The  Sun.  The 
last,  at  the  invitation  of  Mr.  Horatio  Bottomley, 
he,  at  the  age  of  eighty-four,  edited  for  one  week 
(December  16th  to  21st,  1901). 

In  looking  through  this  Bibliography  one  cannot 
but  remark  that  it  was  by  peaceful  means  that 
Holyoake  sought  to  secure  the  objects  he  had  in 
view.  Nothing  can  be  more  unjust  than  the  accusa- 
tion that  has  been  made  somewhat  recently  against 
him — that  he  knew  of  and  sanctioned  the  attempt 
on  the  life  of  Napoleon  III.  by  Orsini.  Hplyoake- 
has  distinctly  denied  this,  and  above  all  things  his- 
entire  life  has  shown  how  perfectly  honest  and 
truthful  he  was,  as  we  can  testify  after  a  friendship* 
of  fifty  years.  As  there  has  been  some  discussion 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  as  to  the  pseudonyms  used  by  Holy- 
oake, the  following  are  given:  "Disque,"  "Ion," 
"Landor  Praed,"  "A  London  Zulu,"  "One  who- 
has  seen  them  before,"  "Quasimodo,"  "A  Student 
in  Co-operation,"  and  "A  Voice  from  the  Crowd." 

IN  The  Nineteenth  Century  politics  occupy  the 
chief  position,  and  there  is  no  article  of  purely 
literary  interest.  Bishop  Welldon  repeats  a  good 
deal  of  old  matter,  even  Paley,  in  pointing  out  that 
'  The  Bible  and  the  Church '  have  not  decided  what 
inspiration  is,  or,  rather,  how  far  it  is  considered  to 
go  in  supporting  as  infallible  the  actual  words  of 
the  Biblical  narrative.  Sir  Henry  Blake  writes  on 
'  The  Rule  of  the  Empress-Dowager'  in  China,  and1 
Miss  Alice  Mayor  on  'The  Amateur  Artist'  of 
former  days  and  of  to-day.  '  Charlotte-Jeanne  :  a 
Forgotten  Episode  of  the  French  Revolution' 
describes  the  process  of  the  party  in  power  against 
a  girl,  ending  in  her  death.  She  wrote  an  appa- 
rently innocent  letter,  but  there  were  blank  sheets 
with  it,  which  revealed,  on  being  treated  for 
"sympathetic  ink,"  treasonable  matter.  When 
Charlotte's  room  was  examined,  nothing  was  found' 
but  some  eighty  pages  of  translation  of  the  '  Letters 
of  Junius'  and  a  washing  bill.  The  former,  her 
sister  pleaded,  was  revolutionary  in  character. 
There  are  two  articles  on  the  Representation  of 
Women.  Mr.'  D.  C.  Lathbury  writes  on  '  An, 
Educational  Surrender,'  but  his  work  is  now  some- 
what futile,  as  the  latest  of  the  Government's 
Education  Bills  has  just  been  dropped.  Miss; 
Gertrude  Kingston's  account  of  '  How  We  [actors 
and  actresses]  came  to  be  Censored  by  the  State '  is 
a  mixture  of  good  sense  and  rhetoric.  It  contains 
a  great  deal  of  ancient  history  which  ought,  we 
think,  to  be  familiar  to  anybody  who  takes  the 
stage  seriously. 

IN  The  Fortnightly  the  indefatigable  "Calchas"" 
writes  on  'France  as  the  Key-stone  of  Europe.' 
Mr.  J.  D.  Rees,  C.I.E.,  M.P.,  discusses  'India  in 
Parliament  in  1908.'  Miss  Alice  Law  has  rather  a 
dull  article  on  '  The  Tercentenary  of  Milton ' ;  and 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  12,  urn. 


Mr.  Francis  Gribble  goes  on  to  '  Chateaubriand's 
Second  Love,s  who  was  much  more  interesting  than 
his  first.  Mr.  Herbert  Trench  has  a  poem  '  On 
Romney  Marsh  at  Sunrise,'  which  is  striking,  but 
mot  wholly  satisfactory.  Mr.  Walter  Sickert  has 
the  most  interesting  and  best-informed  article  we 
have  read  in  the  magazines  this  month,  an  obviously 
•expert  criticism  of  'The  New  Life  of  Whistler.' 
His  views  deserve  wide  circulation,  for  we  are 
.assured of  their  soundness.  Dr.  W.  S.  Bruce  heads 
his  article  '  Aims  and  Objects  of  Modern  Polar 
Exploration,'  but  seems  to  us  to  establish  only  a 
poor  case  for  the  practical  utility  of  these  expedi- 
tions. Mr.  St.  J.  Hankin  in  'The  Need  for  an 
Endowed  Theatre  in  London '  asks  for  a  patron 
who  will  render  it  possible  for  a  play  to  have  a  fair 
chance  of  being  tested  by  the  public.  At  present, 
he  points  out,  under  the  usual  manager,  a  play,  if 
it  is  not  to  be  run  at  a  loss,  "must  attract  some 
•  eighty  thousand  people  in  the  first  three  months  of 
its  existence."  He  adds  that  no  one  can  be  sure 
whether  a  play  will  attract  or  not.  Doubtless  this 
is  so;  but  we  conceive  that  there  are  plenty  of 
people  with  better  judgment  than  the  present 
managers  of  our  drama,  or  the  chosen  who  advise 
them.  The  number  concludes  with  'The  Letter- 
Book,'  a  clever  short  story  by  Mrs.  Dudeney,  which 
maintains  the  excellent  standard  of  such  things 
fostered  by  The,  Fortnightly. 

The  National  Review  is  great,  of  course,  on  the 
Kaiser's  recent  interviews  as  published  in  this 
country  and  the  United  States,  which  give  some 
colour  to  its  rooted  antipathy  for  the  German 
Emperor.  '  M.P.'  has  an  extraordinarily  frank 
,  article  on  the  Tory  leaders  who  will  have  to  be 
dropped  when  the  party  comes  in,  on  account  of 
their  failure,  weakness,  or  lessened  reputation. 
Mr.  Charles  Whibley  writes  on  '  London '  with 
regard  to  the  new  edition  of  Stow.  Mr.  A.  Maurice 
Low  in  '  American  Affairs,'  speaks  in  high  terms 
of  the  qualities  of  the  new  President,  and  notes 
his  differences  from  Mr.  Roosevelt.  Mr.  F.  S. 
Oliver  is  more  clever  than  convincing  in  his  dis- 
covery of  "  Whiggism  "  at  the  present  day.  There 
is  an  interesting  interview  with  the  President  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific.  The  line  is  unusually 
expensive  because  it  avoids .heavy  gradients,  but  the 
money  will  be  returned  in  increased  hauling  power 
in  the  engines.  An  enormous  traffic  and  export  of 
wheat  is  contemplated.  It  is  expected  that  Prince 
Rupero,  the  town-site  of  which  will  be  sold  to  the 
public  next  spring,  will  become  a  great  port,  and  it 
is  said  to  possess  a  harbour  comparable  to  that  of 
Sydney,  with  which  it  is  to  be  connected  by  a  good 
line  of  steamships. 

IN  The  Cornhill  Mr.  Lucy  continues  his  lively 
and  informing  reminiscences.  Sir  George  Tre- 
velyan's  speech  to  the  recent  collection  of  publishers, 
booksellers,  and  authors  is  entitled  '  A  Budget  of 
Memories,'  and  is  good  reading.  Sir  Charles  Dar- 
ling's verses  '  In  the  New  Forest 'are  not  particu- 
larly distinguished,  though  impeccable  in  style. 
Miss  Virginia  Stephen  has  an  excellent  subject  for 
review  in  '  The  Holland  House  Circle.'  Mr. 
Leonard  Huxley  gives  his  reminiscences  of  Lewis 
'  Campbell,  which  are  pleasantly  appreciative, 
though  in  some  cases  trivial.  Campbell  was  a  man 
of  much  mental  vigour,  and  radiated  influence,  as 
professors  ought  to  do ;  but  he  was  not  a  first-class 
Greek  scholar.  His  little  book  of  Greek  verse 
-which  is  mentioned  uses  metrical  expedients  which 


the  best  of  classical  scholars  disdain.  Canon 
Beeching  has  a  Provincial  Letter  from  King's  Lynn 
which  is  good,  but  not  up  to  his  best  mark.  Miss 
Jane  Findlater  contributes  an  excellent  Scotch 
story  entitled  '  The  Bairn-keeper.' 

IN  The  Burlington  Magazine  the  frontispiece  con- 
sists of  three  charming  young  heads  by  Crariach 
preserved  in  the  Truro  Museum.  They  are  free 
from  the  stiffness  pt  his  pictures  which  we  have 
seen  abroad.  The  first  editorial  article  points  out 
that  in  the  Commission  on  Ancient  Monuments 
recently  appointed  the  Government  has  officially 
ignored  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  to  which  the 
scheme  owes  its  inception.  There  is,  further,  a 
severe  criticism  of  the  '  Reorganization  at  South 
Kensington.'  There  is  a  good  deal  of  value  con- 
cerning Oriental  art — Persian  faience,  Oriental 
carpet  patterns,  and  Chinese  and  Japanese  paint- 
ing. Mr.  Weale  continues  his  noteworthy  and 
well-illustrated  Studies  of  Lancelot  Blondeel.  Mr. 
A.  J.  Finberg  notices  '  A  Landscape  by  Turner,'  and 
Mr.  E.  A.  Jones  'Some  Historical  Silver  Maces,' 
two  of  which  belong  to  the  Trustees  of  Shakespeare's 
Birthplace  at  Stratford.  Another  belongs  to  the 
regalia  at  Holy  rood,  and  a  fourth  was  the  silver-gilt 
mace  of  the  old  Irish  House  of  Commons,  being 
now  in  the  collection  of  Viscount  Massereene.  All 
these  maces  are  illustrated  by  admirable  photo- 
graphs. There  are  also  several  illustrations  of 
pictures  of  note  in  the  section  'Art  in  America.' 


AN  Oxford  edition  of  the  works  of  Charles  and 
Mary  Lamb  in  prose  and  verse  is  to  be  published 
immediately  by  Mr.  Henry  Frowde.  There  will  be 
two  volumes — the  first  consisting  of  miscellaneous 
prose,  '  Elia,'  and  '  Last  Essays  of  Elia,'  and  the 
second  of  tales  for  children,  poems,  and  dramatic 
works ;  arid  an  Oxford  India-paper  edition  in  one 
volume  will  also  be  issued.  The  editor  is  Mr. 
Thomas  Hutchinson,  a  contributor  to  our  columns, 
who  looked  after  the  Wordsworth  and  the  Shelley 
volumes  in  "  The  Oxford  Poets." 


t0 

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481 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  19,  1908. 


CONTENTS.— No.  260. 

NOTES  :— The  Plas  Milton  Portrait,  481— Nightcaps,  482— 
Bibliographical  Technical  Terms,  484— The  Cabinet  and 
the  House  of  Lords— Initial  T  in  Place-Names—Scottish 
-is  and  -es  in  Proper  Names— Lord  Beaconsfield  and  the 
Primrose  — 'The  Flight  of  the  King,'  486— Harrison 
Ainsworth  —  The  Guard  Aloft  —  "  Sanguis  niartyrum, 
semen  Ecclesise  "—Sir  John  Mason,  487. 

•QUERIES  :— "  Psychological  moment"— William  Black- 
borough,  Milton's  Relative— The  'Promptorium'— Capt. 
W.  Bennett— Turkish  Weights  and  Measures — Northiam 
Church— Mendez  Pinto,  488— Crocker  the  Poet— New 
Zealand  Fossil  Shells— Army  and  Militia  Lists— Nathaniel 
Salmon— E.  F.  Holt,  Painter— Heren den  Family— Horse 
Hill — Speakers  of  the  House  of  Commons — George  Colt- 
man,  489— Craven  Family— Icknield  Way— Peter  Wynne— 
Heighway  Family  —  Truss-Fail  —  '  Love-a -la-Mode '  — 
Edward  Young,  Author  of  'Night  Thoughts '—Sir  John 
Sydenham-"  Waney"  Timber,  490. 

BEPLIES:  — London  Statues  and  Memorials,  491— The 
Tyburn,  494  — St.  Martin  Pomeroy  —  Mediterranean — 
Canadian  Natural  Dyes— Indian  Magic.  495 -'The  Old- 
Time  Parson':  'Magee  and  the  Tomtit'— The  Fifth  of 
November :  Guy  Fawkes  Celebrations,  496  —  Kingsley's 
'Lorraine'— Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted— Surnames  in 
-eng— Ovocaor  Avoca— Hampstead  in  Song,  497. 

INOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Lady  Holland's  Journal—'  The 
Edinburgh  Review.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
-Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE    PLAS    MILTON    PORTRAIT. 

THE  Milton  Tercentenary  and  the  British 
Museum  Milton  exhibition  of  portraits,  &c., 
have  again  called  attention  to  the  painting 
by  Plas  in  our  National  Portrait  Gallery. 
As  this  appears  to  be  the  only  painting  of 
Milton  there,  it  becomes  of  no  little  interest 
and  concern  to  ascertain  as  far  as  possible 
whether  it  really  represents  the  author  of 
*  Paradise  Lost.' 

In  the  valuable  catalogue  of  '  The  Por- 
traits, Prints,  and  Writings  of  John  Milton,' 
1908,  admirably  compiled  by  Dr.  G.  C 
Williamson  from  the  exhibition  this  year 
•at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  elever 
portraits  of  Milton  are  engraved,  and  ful 
;accounts  of  them  are  given.  A  copy  of  the 
painting  in  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  is 
•engraved  at  p.  19,  and  full  notices  of  it  are 
found  on  pp.  19,  83,  84,  Nos.  164,  165.  I 
iormerly  belonged  to  Capel  Lofft,  and  wa 
engraved  by  Quinton,  Norwich,  1797.  I 
is  said  that  Mr.  Lofft  published  it  in  hi 
•edition  of  '  Paradise  Lost '  in  1792,  anc 
presented  it  to  the  Trustees  in  1839.  It  i 
remarked  that  "  the  Director  of  the  Portrai 
•Gallery  is  by  no  means  satisfied  that  it  is  i 
picture  of  Milton  "  ;  and  we  further  reac 


hat  "it  is  suggested  that  it  represents 
Sunyan  rather  than  Milton."  Mr.  Lofft 
tated  that  the  picture  was  bequeathed  to 
iis  father  by  Col.  Holland  ;  and  that  seems 
11  that  is  known  of  it. 

The  portrait,  however,  does  not  agree 
vith  the  undoubted  representations  of 
Bunyan,  of  whom  see  a  good  portrait  in 
The  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  edited  by  the 
Rev.  R.  Philip,  Virtue,  1853.  The  two 
leads  and  faces  and  the  expressions  are 
decidedly  different,  as  also  are  the  nose, 
lair,  and  mouth.  The  only  point  of  con- 
nexion seems  to  be  the  pilgrim's  staff  and 
rourd.  These  are  found  in  the  Plas  por- 
xrait,  but  not  in  that  of  Bunyan  ;  and  though 
as  an  emblem  they  would  suit  Bunyan, 
they  cannot  be  considered  of  any  weight 
when  the  two  portraits  are  so  unlike  as 
manifestly  to  represent  different  persons. 
But  the  important  inquiry  is  whether  the 
Plas  portrait  represents  Milton,  or  was 
ntended  for  him. 

By  aid  of  Dr.  Williamson's  admirable 
Catalogue,  the  Plas  portrait  can  be  compared 
with  ten  other  Milton  portraits,  of  which 
some  are  undoubtedly  genuine.  The  por- 
trait in  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  ap- 
pears to  be  by  Pieter  van  der  Plas  ;  but 
as  a  painter  of  this  name  died  in  1626,  he 
cannot  thus  have  painted  Milton,  who  was 
then  only  eighteen. 

If  this  Plas  portrait  is  compared  with 
that  of  Milton  taken  from  life  by  Faithorne, 
the  difference  is  at  once  seen.  It  is  clear 
they  cannot  represent  the  same  person, 
while  the  other  Milton  portraits  agree  with 
Faithorne,  and  not  with  Plas.  The  general 
character  as  seen  in  the  faces  differs.  That 
of  the  Plas  portrait  is  aggressive,  combative 
rather,  while  Fait  home's  is  quiet,  composed, 
reflective.  The  mouth  is  absolutely  different. 
In  the  Faithorne  and  others  it  is  rather 
full,  bow-shaped  ;  in  the  Plas  it  is  straight, 
thin,  and  more  military  than  poetic.  The 
look  in  the  Plas  is  upward,  in  Faithorne 
straight  forward.  In  Plas  the  hair  parts 
at  the  side,  and  does  not  rest  on  the  shoul- 
ders ;  in  Faithorne  it  is  centre-parted, 
and  rests  on  the  shoulders.  The  nose  is 
different.  In  Plas  it  projects  more,  is 
longer,  and  declines  at  the  end  ;  but  not 
so  in  Faithorne  ;  while  in  the  former  the 
nostrils  slope,  but  in  the  latter  are  hori- 
zontal. In  Plas  the  hair  looks  like  a  wig, 
but  not  at  all  so  in  Faithorne.  Plas's  is 
like  a  Puritan  soldier-preacher  ;  Faithorne' s 
is  destitute  of  any  such  character.  The 
disposition  of  the  hands  in  Plas  seems  quite 
un-Miltonic.  There  appears  a  sort  of  set 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 


attitude  in  them,  as  if  for  effect  :  one  is 
conspicuously  laid  on  what  might  do  for 
a  window-sill  or  pulpit  edge,  while  the  other 
is  rather  affectedly  laid  with  outstretched 
fingers  on  the  heart,  as  if  the  man  were 
enunciating  some  religious  truth,  or  making 
a  confession  of  faith.  In  nine  other  por- 
traits no  hands  are  visible.  In  one,  p.  93, 
one  hand  is  seen,  but  only  in  part,  the 
other  being  studiously  concealed  in  the 
cloak.  Hands  are  very  characteristic. 
There  is  an  indescribable  air  about  each. 
All  the  portraits  but  that  of  Plas  may  be 
imagined  to  represent  an  author,  thinker, 
student,  poet,  savant  ;  but  not  so  Plas, 
which  rather  has  the  air  of  a  worthy  Puritan 
captain  under  Cromwell,  turned  preacher 
in  his  retirement,  and  now  valiantly  engaged 
in  contending  for  the  faith.  The  deep 
profundity  of  philosophic  thought,  which 
one  can  fancy  in  the  others,  is  wanting  in 
the  Plas.  There  is  a  marked  difference 
in  the  dress  :  that  of  the  Plas  portrait  is 
extremely  plain,  as  of  a  burgher,  no  cloak, 
no  collar  tassel,  &c.  ;  the  others  exhibit 
a  gentleman's  apparel,  cloak,  frill,  collar 
tassel,  &c.  If  Marshall's  portrait  prefixed 
to  Milton's  '  Poems,'  1645,  is  compared 
with  Plas's,  it  seems  impossible  they  can 
represent  the  same  person.  In  the  left-hand 
corner  of  the  one  by  Plas  are  a  pilgrim's  staff 
and  gourd,  which,  though  suitable  to 
Bunyan,  seem  quite  unmeaning  when  applied 
to  Cromwell's  Latin  Secretary  and  the  author 
of  '  Comus.'  It  is  hard  to  realize  Milton 
as  a  pilgrim,  either  actually  or  metaphoric- 
ally. In  the  other  corner  is  a  Resurrection 
figure,  standing  on  a  tomb  holding  a  banner. 
This  seems  as  unsuitable  an  emblem  of  the 
poems  as  the  other  is  of  the  poet.  It 
certainly  does  not  suit  '  Paradise  Lost '  ; 
and  as  to  '  Paradise  Regained,'  it  ter- 
minates with  the  Temptation,  and  has 
nothing  to  do  with  the  Resurrection. 

To  judge  from  a  comparison  of  the  Plas 
portrait  with  others  of  Milton  and  Bunyan, 
and  from  an  examination  of  the  portrait 
itself,  it  does  not  seem  to  represent  either 
Milton  or  Bunyan.  F.  H. 


NIGHTCAPS. 

A  NIGHTCAP  is  defined  in  Schmidt's 
*  Shakespeare  Lexicon '  as  *'  a  cap  worn 
in  bed  or  in  undress."  When  was  the 
fashion  of  wearing  them  introduced  into 
England  ?  and  is  there  any  reference 
thereto  prior  to  1600  ? 

Buckle  in  his  'Miscellaneous  Works,' 
vol.  iii.  p.  317,  remarks  that  "  they  seem 


to  have  been  uncommon  early  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,"  and  adds  that  "in  1601 
the  celebrated  Dr.  Forman  records  in  hi& 
diary  the  loss  of  his  night-cape  band." 
See  '  Autobiography  of  Dr.  Simon  Forman,.' 
ed.  HalliweU,  1849,  p.  32. 

In   1601   Shakespeare  in   '  Julius  Caesar,' 

I.  ii.,   makes   Casca  say  that  when  Caesar 
thrice   refused    the    crown   offered   him   by 
Mark  Antony  "  the  rabblement  hooted  and 
clapped   their    chapped    hands,    and   threw 
up  their  sweaty  nightcaps  "  ;  and  in  'Othello,' 

II.  i.  (acted  in  1604),  lago  says  : — 

I  '11  have  our  Michael  Cassioon  the  hip, 
Abuse  him  to  the  Moor  in  the  rank  garb, 
For  I  fear  Cassio  with  my  nightcap  too. 

Ben  Jonson  in  '  The  Silent  Woman/ 
j  IV.  ii.  (1609),  makes  Truewit  exclaim, 
"  Where  's  thine  uncle  ?  "  and  Sir  Dau1- 
phine  replies,  "  Run  out  of  doors  in  his 
nightcaps  to  talk  with  a  casuist  about  his 
divorce." 

In  Samuel  Rowlands' s  '  More  Knaves 
Yet,'  written  in  1612,  we  have  "patiently 
wore  nightcap,  sickeman  like." 

Lord  Chancellor  Bacon  in  '  Sylva  Syl- 
varum ;  or,  A  Natural  History  in  Ten. 
Centuries,'  uses  the  term  metaphorically 
(in  1625),  for  he  writes  : — 

"  Great  mountains  have  a  perception  of  the  dis- 
position of  the  air  to  tempests,  sooner  than  the 
valleys  or  places  below,  and  therefore  they  say  in* 
Wales,  when  certain  hills  have  their  nightcaps  on 
they  mean  mischief." — Bacon's  '  Works,'  vol.  ii.  p.  6V 
Century  IX. 

In  the  '  Verney  Memoirs,'  vol.  i.  p.  482,, 
we  read  with  reference  to  Swiss  travelling 
in  October,  1650  : — 

"  It  seems  an  irreverence  to  fancy  Sir  Ralpk 
stumbling  through  an  ocean  of  snow  or  a  Pass  in  his- 
Paris  periwig,  his  new  Cambrick  double  ruffe  cuffes  ;. 
or  laying  his  fine  peaked  nightcap  to  rest  on  the- 
coarse  sacking  of  the  Swiss  beds  stuffed  with 
leaves." 

Congreve  in  '  The  Double  Dealer,'  III.  v.. 
(1693),  makes  Careless  say  : — 

"  Lady  Ply  ant  has  told  me  the  history  ot  Sir- 
Paul's  nine  years'  courtship  ;  that  the  first  favour 
he  received  from  her  was  a  piece  of  an  old  scarlet 
petticoat  for  a  stomacher,  which  since  the  day  of 
his  marriage  he  has,  out  of  a  piece  of  gallantry,, 
converted  into  a  nightcap,  and  wears  it  still  with 
much  solemnity  on  his  anniversary  wedding  night." 

Labat,  who  visited  Spain  in  1705,  mentions 
with  surprise  that  no  Spaniards,  men,  women,, 
or  children,  ever  wore  nightcaps  (Labat^ 
'  Voyages  en  Espagne,'  vol.  i.  p.  248,  Paris,. 
1730). 

In  The  Spectator  of  11  July,  1711,  Addison 
writes  :  "  We  were  much  surprized  to  meet 
with  a  gentleman  that  had  aceoutered 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


himself  in  a  nightcap  Wig  "  ;  and  in  The 
Spectator  of  6  March,  1711,  in  a  letter  of 
Dorinda's,  "As  I  was  walking  in  the  Park, 
he  appeared  to  me  in  one  of  those  Wiggs, 
that  I  think  you  call  a  nightcap." 

In  Swift's  '  Miscellanies,'  probably  written 
in  1713,  these  lines  occur  : — 

How  did  the  humbled  swain  detest 
His  prickly  beard  and  hairy  breast ! 
His  nightcap  border1  d  round  with  lace 
Could  give  no  softness  to  his  face. 

Pope  in  *  Imitations  of  Horace,'  Second 
Epistle  of  the  Second  Book,  11.  116-20, 
writes  in  1734  : — 

The  man  who,  stretch'd  in  Isis'  calm  retreat, 
To  books  and  study  gives  seven  years  complete, 
!See  !  strew'd  with  learned  dust,  his  nightcap  on, 
He  walks  an  object  new  beneath  the  sun  ! 

In  1760  Sterne  in  '  Tristram  Shandy,' 
vol.  i.  p.  414,  in  the  chapter  on  '  Whiskers,' 
says :  "  Have  not  beds  and  bolsters  and 
nightcaps  stood  upon  the  brink  of  destruc- 
tion ?  "  In  '  The  Sentimental  Journey,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  344  (issued  in  1768),  La  Fleur 
searched  for  a  letter  in  every  pocket,  "  then 
emptied  them  upon  the  floor,  pulled  out 
a  cravat,  handkerchief,  a  comb,  a  night- 
cap "  ;  and  at  p.  355  of  the  same  volume 
he  writes  of  Paris,  and  how  seldom  the 
husband  comes  into  his  shop,  "  but  in  some 
dark  and  dismal  room  behind  he  sits, 
commerceless  in  his  thrum  nightcap." 

In  the  poem  '  The  Double  Transforma- 
tion,' by  Oliver  Goldsmith,  which  appeared 
in  1765,  Jack  Bookworm  finds,  after  twelve 
months'  married  life,  that 

Half  the  charms  that  deck'd  her  face 
Arose  from  powder,  shreds,  or  lace ; 
And  when  at  home,  at  board,  or  bed, 
Five  greasy  nightcaps  wrapp'd  her  head. 

In  the  '  Description  of  an  Author's  Bed- 
chamber '  Goldsmith  writes  : — 

A  nightcap  decked  his  brows  instead  of  bay — 
A  cap  by  night,  a  stocking  all  the  day. 

Boswell  in  his  '  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson,' 
29  Sept.,  1773,  notes  :— 

"  I  asked  him  if  he  had  ever  been  accustomed  to 
wear  a  nightcap.  He  said,  '  No.'  I  asked  him  if  it 
was  best  not  to  wear  one.  He  said,  '  Sir,  I  had  this 
custom  by  chance,  and  perhaps  110  man  shall  ever 
know  whether  it  is  best  to  sleep  with  or  without  a 
nightcap.'  The  truth  is,  that  if  he  had  always  worn 
a  nightcap,  as  is  the  common  practice,  and  found 
the  Highlanders  did  not  wear  one,  he  would  have 
wondered  at  their  barbarity." 

On  9  Oct.,  1773,  Boswell  again  refers  to  the 
subject : — 

"  He  [Johnson]  has  particularities  which  it  is 
impossible  to  explain  :  he  never  wears  a  nightcap, 
as  I  have  already  mentioned,  but  he  puts  a  handker- 
chief on  his  head  in  the  night." 


The  following  lines  occur  in  Cowper's 
'  Conversation  '  (1780)  : — 

And  now — alas  for  unforeseen  mishaps  ! — 
They  put  on  a  damp  nightcap  and  relapse. 

In  the  fifth  chapter  of  'The  Legend  of 
Montrose  '  (1819)  Scott  writes  : — 

"  '  A  long  story,  my  Lord,'  said  Capt.  Dalgetty, 
'is  next  to  a  good  evening  draught,  and  a  warm 
nightcap  the  best  shoeing  horn  for  drawing  on  a 
sound  sleep.'" 

Washington  Irving  in  '  Tales  of  a  Tra- 
veller'  (1824)  tells  the  story  of  how  his 
"  uncle  lay  with  his  nightcap  drawn  almost 
down  to  his  nose,"  and  sees  a  figure  of 
commanding  air,  and  dressed  in  ancient 
fashion,  glide  into  the  room,  and  walk  to 
the  fireplace  "  without  regarding  my  uncle, 
who  raised  his  nightcap  and  stared  earnestly 
at  her  "  ;  and  when  the  figure,  stretching 
its  arms  towards  heaven,  glides  out  of  the 
door, 

"  my  uncle  lay  meditating  on  the  vision,  but,  being 
a  great  traveller  and  accustomed  to  strange  adven- 
tures, drew  his  nightcap  over  his  eyes  and  fell 
asleep." 

Dickens  in  chap.  xxii.  of  '  Pickwick ' 
(1836)  describes  the  romantic  adventure 
with  a  middle-aged  lady  in  yellow  curl- 
papers : — 

"  Having  carefully  drawn  the  curtains  of  his  bed 
on  the  outside,  Mr.  Pickwick  sat  down  011  the  rush- 
bottomed  chair  and  leisurely  divested  himself  of 
his  shoes  and  gaiters  ;  he  then  took  off  and  folded 
up  his  coat,  waistcoat,  and  neckcloth ;  and  slowly 
drawing  on  his  tasselled  nightcap,  secured  it  firmly 
to  his  head  by  tying  beneath  his  chin  the  strings 
which  he  always  had  attached  to  that  article  of 
dress." 

The  habit  of  wearing  nightcaps,  which 
seems  from  the  references  quoted  above 
to  have  been  in  general  use  through  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  has 
gradually  decreased  during  the  last  fifty 
years,  and  now  is  almost  entirely  discontinued^ 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  when  it 
commenced,  and  what  writers  before  Shake- 
speare in  1601  refer  to  it. 

JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

[Nightcaps  were  in  use  long  before  the  time 
of  Shakespeare.  The  earliest  quotation  in  the 
'N.E.D.'  is  from  Chaucer's  'Merchant's  Tale,'  1.  609* 
(c.  1386)  :- 

She  him  saugh  up  sittinge  in  his  sherte, 

In  his  night-cappe,  and  with  his  nekke  lene. 

Quotations  are  also  given  from  the  fifteenth  and 
sixteenth  centuries.  There  is  no  illustration  from 
Shakespeare,  but  the  first  seventeenth-century 
example  is  from  the  Second  Part  of  '  The  Return 
from  Parnassus,'  I.  y.  (1602):  "Ther's  a  fellow 
with  a  night  cap  on  his  head."] 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    TECHNICAL 

TERMS. 
(See  ante,  p.  81.) 

THE  abbreviations  used  in  the  following 
list  are : — 

S.L.D.  =  'Les  Supercheries  litteraires  de- 
voilees :  galerie  des  auteurs  apocryphes, 
supposes,  deguises ....,'  par  J.  M.  Querard, 
1847-60. 

H.  = '  Handbook  of  Fictitious  Names, 
by  O.  Hamst>  1868. 

M.E.B.  =  'Modern  English  Biography' 
<1850  to  1900),  by  Frederic  Boase. 

O.E.D.  =  '  The  Oxford  English  Dictionary,' 
•edited  in  chief  by  Dr.  Sir  J.  A.  H.  Murray. 

Abbreviation.  —  Some  of  the  authors 
names  only. 

Examples  :  George  Beaumont  or  George 
Barber  [George  Duckett  Barber  Beaumont, 
see  H.  pp.  22-3]  :  Ella  Rodman  [Eliza 
Rodman  Mclllvane,  H.  p.  110]:  Anthony 
Hope  [Hawkins]. 

Adulterism. — Name  altered  or  adulterated. 
This  word  is  in  the  O.E.D.,  vol.  i.  p.  130, 
and  O.  Hamst  quoted. 

Examples :  Veyrat  [i.e.,  Xavier  Verat, 
dramatic  author,  1841]  :  d'Alembert  for 
Dalembert  ( J.  Le  Rond)  :  de  Foe  for  Defoe. 
English  names  do  not  lend  themselves  to 
this  kind  of  ennobling. 

Allonym,  allonymous. — False  proper  name. 
Work  published  in  order  to  deceive,  under 
the  name  of  some  author  or  person  of  reputa- 
tion, but  not  by  him.  This  word  is  in  the 
'  Dictionnaire  raisonne  de  bibliologie,'  par 
G.  Peignot,  1802,  p.  12  ;  and  O.E.D.,  vol.  i. 
p.  237,  and  O.  Hamst  quoted. 

Examples :  the  pseudonym  of  Peter 
Parley  when  taken  by  others  than  S.  G. 
Goodrich:  The  King  (i.e.  George  IV.),  'A 
Letter  from  the  King  to  his  People '  [by 
J.  W.  Croker],  1821,  see  H.  p.  149  :  '  Cam- 
bridge Free  Thoughts,'  by  H.  H.  Bernard, 
Ph.D.,  1862.  [by  Rev.  George  Skinner,  who 
died  1871,  see  H.  p.  183  ;  Dr.  Bernard  died 
in  1857]  :  John  Hampden  [i.e.  Lord  Nugent, 
see  H.  p.  185].  Most  great  men  have  been 
subject  to  this  kind  of  fraud,  see  H.  under 
Napoleon  ;  and  the  British  Museum  Cata- 
logue under  Byron  and  Brougham,  sub-head- 
ing Supposititious  Works. 

Alphabetism. — Letters  of  the  alphabet 
in  proper  order.  This  word  is  in  O.E.D. 
vol.  i.  p.  253,  and  O.  Hamst  quoted. 

Examples  :  '  An  Argument,'  &c.,  signed 
A.  B.  C.  D.  E.  F.  G.  [by  J.  Trenchard  and 
W.  Moyle],  1697  :  'A  Lay-man's  Letter 
to  a  great  Divine,  Dr.  A.  B.  C.  D.'  [F.  Atter- 


bury,  1710].  The  stops  after  the  alpha- 
betisms  are  incorrect,  but  are  in  the 

originals.  X  Y  Z,  see  H.  p.  175.  There 
are  few  pseudonyms  of  this  class  whose 
authors  are  known ;  and  it  is  noticeable 
that  there  are  two  columns  of  X  Y  Z  in 
the  B.M.  Catalogue,  but  not  a  single  author's 
name  is  known  ;  so  this  alphabetism  seems 
to  offer  a  safe  retreat  for  those  who  are 
determined  never  to  be  found  out. 

Anagram. — The  letters  of  the  name  arbi- 
trarily transposed,  with  or  without  meaning. 
The  word  anagram  has  long  been  in  use 
(1589  is  the  earliest  date  in  O.E.D.),  not 
only  for  names,  but  also  phrases  when  another 
word  or  phrase  results.  A  good  anagram 
should  be  composed  of  the  letters  only  that 
are  in  the  name  anagrammatized.  But 
Namur  in  his  '  Manuel  du  bibliothecaire,' 
Bmxelles,  1834,  p.  76,  says  :  "  II  est  permis 
de  changer  une  lettre,  pourvu  que  1' ana- 
gramme  soit  heureuse  ;  car  au  fond,  c'est 
un  pauvre  metier."  Incidentally  I  may  ob- 
serve that  Jean  Pie  Namur  (b.  1804,  d.  1867) 

ives  titles  of  books  without  capitals  ;    he 

.as  none  (see  p.  271)  even  to  the  first  word 
of  the  titles.  There  is  a  good  treatise  on 
anagrams,  reviewing  Mr.  Wheatley's  book, 
in  The  Athenaeum,  9  Aug.,  1862,  p.  173. 

Ananym. — The  real  name  written  back- 
wards. This  word  is  in  '  O.E.D.,'  vol.  i. 
p.  307,  and  O.  Hamst  quoted. 

Examples  :  '  An  Epitome  of  Logic,'  by 
N.  Dralloc,  1795,  the  preface  signed  J.  C. 
"by  John  Collard]  :  '  Werdna  Retnyw ' 
;  Andrew  Wynter,  H.  p.  108].  In  1862  the 
only  way  Mr.  Wheatley  had  of  describing 
the  ananym  Telliamed  was  to  call  it  "a 
retrograde  anagram "  of  Demaillet  (see 

Of  Anagrams,'  p.  69). 

Anastroph. — An  inversion  or  unusual  ar- 
rangement of  the  name.  This  word  has 
Deen  in  use  since  1577  (see  O.E.D.),  but  not 
as  a  technical  bibliographical  word.  In  my 

Handbook '  I  have  not  appreciated  the 
difference  between  an  ananym  and  an  anas- 
:roph.  Yemrof  is  an  anastroph  of  Formet, 
which  would  be  an  ananym  if  the  t  had  not 
Deen  changed  to  y. 

Andronym. — A  man's  name.  This  word 
las  never  yet  been  used  in  English,  and 
not  in  O.E.D.  nor  in  Littre.  Although 
J.  De  Le  Court  instances  this  as  a  technical 
word  used  by  Querard,  I  have  not  been  able 
to  find  it  in  S.L.D. 

Examples :  E.  Evelyn  Barren  is  an 
andronym.  Thus  in  the  B.M.  Catalogue 
we  find  this  entry  :  "  Barren  (E.  Evelyn), 
Wassail,  a  four  part  song.  .  .  .London  and 
York  [1889]."  This  might  be  by  a 


10 


x.  DEC,  19,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


man  or  a  woman.  It  is  by  Edward  Evelyn 
Barren,  M.A.  Cambridge. 

Anonym. — A  book  without  an  author's 
name.  In  O.E.D.,  and  O.  Hamst  quoted, 
vol.  i.  p.  347.  G.  Peignot's  description  says  : 
"  This  word  is  applied  to  an  author  whose 
name  is  unknown,  or  to  a  book  that  appears 
without  name  of  author "  (see  '  Diet.,' 
1802,  ii.  356  ;  1804,  p.  15).  Anonym  has 
long  been  used  in  French,  but  as  the  French 
have  no  historical  dictionary  like  O.E.D., 
we  cannot  say  how  long. 

According  to  O.E.D.  the  word  anonymous 
has  been  in  English  use  since  1601.  Strictly, 
a  book  would  not  be  an  anonym  or  anony- 
mous if  the  author's  name  or  a  pseudonym 
is  to  be  found  anywhere  in  it.  But  a  book 
is  loosely  spoken  of  as  anonymous  if  there 
is  no  name  on  the  title-page,  especially  so 
in  past  times  (as  to  this  see  the  observations 
in  '  Aggravating  Ladies  '  by  O.  Hamst,  1880, 


p.  15,  and  '  N.  &  Q.,'  31  Dec.,  1898,  p.  521). 
>.E.D.  says  anonym  is  "  rarely  used,"  but 


O 


it  has  become  frequent  since  that  page  of  the 
Dictionary  was  printed  in  1884.  For  exam- 
ple, it  is  used  as  a  heading  in  the  "  Subject 
Index  to  the  List  of  the  Books  of  Refer- 
ence in  the  Reading-Room  of  the  British 
Museum,'  1889,  p.  335.  See  also  '  Some 
Words  in  "A  New  English  Dictionary " 
discussed  by  Ralph  Thomas,'  1899. 

It  occasionally  happens  that,  though 
anonymous,  a  book  gives  the  name  of  the 
author.  This  is  the  case  with  '  The  Growth 
of  Love,'  a  poem,  no  imprint  on  the  title, 
but  at  the  end  we  read  "  Printed  at  Oxford, 
1890."  On  the  back  of  the  original  bound 
copies  as  issued  we  read  "  Growth  of  Love. 
Bridges."  It  is  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.A. 
(see  '  Who  's  Who  ').  The  same  is  the  case 
also  with  Jules  De  Le  Court's  '  Essai ' 
mentioned  ante,  p.  81. 

Anonyma. — A  word  to  express  both 
anonymous  and  pseudonymous.  Suggested 
in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  2  May,  1896,  8  S.  ix.  342,  and 
in  '  Some  Words,'  &c.,  by  Ralph  Thomas, 
1899,  p.  19.  Used  by  him  frequently,  as 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  thus  :  ""  In  early  life  Neale 
wrote  a  number  of  novels,  nearly  all  naval, 
and  mostly  anonyma "  (2  March,  1907, 
10  S.  vii.  174).  That  is  to  say,  they  were 
published  either  without  his  or  any  name 
or  under  a  pseudonym.  Another  example 
is  "  The  Work  of  Halkett  and  Laing  on 
anonyma,"  &c.,  which  is  used  by  J.  D. 
Brown,  'A  Manual  of  Practical  Bibliography ' 
(1906),  p.  58. 

Anonyma  is  not  a  plural  form  of  anony- 
mous. There  is  no  plural  to  anonymous 
any  more  than  to  grievous. 


Apoconym. — Name  deprived  of  one  or 
more  letters.  Pierquin  says  initial  letters, 
but  it  is  not  used  by  Querard  with  this 
limitation,  as  the  following  examples  show  : 
'  Satire  sur  le  dix-neuvieme  siecle,'  par 
Vida***  [J.  B.  Vidaillet],  Paris,  1821  t 

'  Terre-N.. . . '  [Fabre-Terreneuve]  :  V n 

[Henri  Vilmain], 

Apocryph,  apocryphal.  —  Book  whose 
author  is  uncertain  or  which  is  not  to  be 
depended  on  for  truthfulness  :  of  unestab- 
lished  authenticity.  G.  Peignot  says  a  book 
of  uncertain  authorship  and  on  the  faith 
of  which  one  cannot  rely.  Epithet  applied 
to  all  books  the  authenticity  of  which  is 
not  known  ('  Dictionnaire  raisonne  de  biblio- 
logie,'  vol.  i.  1802,  p.  26,  and  1804,  p.  15). 

Example :  '  The  Execution  of  Sir  C. 
Bawdin,'  by  Thomas  Rowley,  1772,  is 
entirely  apocryphal,  and  was  written  by 
Thomas  Chatterton,  see  H.  pp.  110  and  30. 
Also  H.  under  Hampden,  pp.  185,  209, 
and  other  instances.  RALPH  THOMAS. 

(To  be  continued.) 

My  friend  MB.  RALPH  THOMAS  refers 
(ante,  p.  81)  to  the  use  of  "anonym"  with 
satisfaction,  but  surely  it  is  an  objectionable 
word.  There  is  nothing  in  common  between 
the  words  "  pseudonym  "  and  "  anonym  " 
as  applied  to  the  title-page  of  a  book, 
except  that  they  both  imply  that  the  name 
of  the  real  author  of  the  book  is  not  given. 
"  pseudonym  "  is  a  positive  term,  and  repre- 
sents a  false  name  ;  but  "  anonym  "  only 
expresses  a  negation.  You  can  have  a 
Dictionary  of  Pseudonyms,  but  a  Dictionary 
of  Anonyms  (although  such  a  title  exists) 
is  an  absurdity,  and  you  only  obtain  con- 
fusion by  contracting  "  anonymous  work  " 
into  "  anonym."  HENRY  B.  WHEATLEY. 

As  a  student  of  bibliography,  I  applaud 
MB.  RALPH  THOMAS  for  his  intention  to 
compile  a  list  of  technical  terms.  The 
terminology  of  the  art  requires  to  be  placed 
on  a  sound  and  intelligible  footing.  I  am 
not,  however,  surprised  to  find  that  Allibone 
failed  to  adopt  such  a  word  as  "  ananym  " 
— not,  I  suspect,  because  it  was  new,  but 
because  it  expressed  nothing.  Such  words  as 
"  anonym,"  from  a  privative,  and  OVVIJM, 
the  ./Eolic  form  of  6Vo/xa,  a  name ;  and 
"  pseudonym,"  from  ^evSrys,  false,  and 
ovvfia,  carry  their  meanings  on  their  faces  ; 
but  "  ananym "  has  no  Greek  derivative 
that  I  can  discover,  and  I  am  unable  to  see 
how  it  "  at  once  tells  those  acquainted  with 
the  technical  words  that  Werdna  Retnyw  is 
Andrew  Wynter  written  backwards."  It  is 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908. 


rather  difficult  to  invent  a  word  that  exactly 
expresses  this  kind  of  pseudonym.  "  Meto- 
nym  "  might  possibly  do,  if  it  were  under- 
stood that  the  word  was  changed  by  being 
written  backwards ;  or  possibly  "  opis- 
thonym,"  though  this  sounds  a  little  bar- 
barous. If  ugly  words  are  objected  to,  a 
"  palintrope  "  might  receive  approval;  but  at 
any  rate,  let  us  have  something  that  tells  us 
what  is  really  meant.  If  Greek,  let  it  be 
Greek,  though  I  should  prefer  English  terms. 
For  "  pen-name,"  however,  I  have  a  deep- 
rooted  abhorrence.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


THE  CABINET|AND  THE  HOUSE  OF  LORDS. 
— Le  Temps  of  Sunday,  the  13th  inst., 
wrote  on  our  present  political  situation 
almost  in  the  words  of  the  Princess  de  Lieven 
to  the  Duchess  de  Dino,  29  Aug.,  1835  : — 

"Les  ministres  auront-ils  bien  le  courage  de 
mettre  a  execution  leurs  menaces  centre  les  Pairs? 
Ceux-ci  flechirpnt-ils  devant  ces  menaces?  J'en 
doute ;  mais  voil&  la  collision,  si  longtemps  differee, 
qui  arrive  enfin." 

It  had  then  only  been  "  enfin "  after 
three  years.  We  have  now  seventy-three 
more  years  to  add.  T.  C.  A. 

INITIAL  T  IN  PLACE-NAMES. — I  observe 
that  Tichborne  is  mentioned  under  the  head- 
ing Tyburn  (ante,  p.  431),  to  show  that  Tyburn 
is  an  error  for  Yburn,  just  as  Tichborne  is  for 
Ichborne,  according  to  "  Mrs.  Alec  Tweedie's 
theory."  Of  course,  the  theory  is  utterly 
baseless,  and  indeed  impossible.  What- 
ever may  have  happened  in  Middle  English 
or  in  provincial  dialects,  it  is  out  of  the 
question  to  suppose  that  the  t  which  forms 
part  of  the  A.-S.  cet,  "  at,"  was  ever  prefixed 
to  any  place-name  in  Anglo-Saxon  times. 

There  never  was  such  a  word  as  Ichborne, 
for  which  the  A.-S.  equivalent  would  be 
Icceburne  ;  whereas  the  Itchen  was  Icene 
or  Icenan.  And  where  is  the  intermediate 
form  Ichenborne  to  be  found  ?  As  for 
Titchborne,  which  is  totally  unconnected 
with  any  kind  of  Itch  or  Itchen,  the  A.-S. 
name  was  never  Icceburne,  but  invariably 
Ticceburne.  The  charter  of  908  is  marked 
by  Kemble  as  spurious  ;  but  the  name 
occurs  in  a  genuine  charter  of  960.  I  do 
not  certainly  know  the  sense  of  Ticce-,  but 
it  is  very  like  the  A.-S.  ticcen,  "  a  kid." 
Titchfield  in  Hants  was  once  Ticcenesfelda 
wlc,  i.e.,  "  kid' s-field- wick."  We  find  Kidd 
used  as  a  man's  name. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

SCOTTISH  -is  AND  -ES  IN  PROPER  NAMES. 
— In  discussing  with  friends  the  articles 
which  have  appeared  in  '  The  Glamis 


Mystery  '  (ante,  pp.  241,  311,  396)  I  have  been 
reminded  how  few  people  pronounce  this 
name  correctly,  as  one  syllable,  and  how 
small  is  the  number  of  those  who,  knowing 
the  monosyllabic  pronunciation,  can  account 
for  it.  It  has  been  suggested  to  me  that  I 
should  draw  attention  here,  for  the  benefit 
of  Southrons  and  other  foreigners,  to  the 
rule  which  governs  the  correct  enunciation 
of  Scottish  names  ending  in  -is  or  -es,  which 
is  that  the  -is  is  sounded  like  simple  s, 
whereas  -es  is  sounded  like  -is. 

There  are  a  few  old  English  names  in 
-is  or  -ys  to  which  the  same  rule  applies. 
Thus,  not  only  is  Glamis  pronounced  like 
"  Glahms,"  Inglis  like  "  Ingles,"  and  Cassilis 
like  "  Cassels,"  but  Knollys  is  "  Noles," 
Sandys  is  "Sands,"  and  Wemyssis"Weems." 
On  the  other  hand,  Forbes  and  Geddes  are 
dissyllables,  as  also  is  Rothes,  where  the 
oth  rimes  with  the  first  syllable  of  "  bother." 
Similarly,  Romanes  and  Balcarres  are  each 
three  syllables,  the  latter  riming  with 
"  Harris."  Of  course,  many  of  these  names 
are  mispronounced  by  those  unacquainted 
with  the  rule.  The  question  whether  Forbes 
should  be  one  syllable  or  two  is  often 
hotly  discussed ;  and  another  doubtful 
name  is  Pepys,  which  by  the  rule  should  be 
called  "  Peeps."  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

[The  pronunciation  of  Pepys  was  discussed  at 
8  8.  iii.  488 ;  xi.  187,  269.] 

LORD  BEACONSFIELD  AND  THE  PRIMROSE. 
— According  to  Lady  Randolph  Churchill 
(see  her  'Reminiscences'),  it  was  the  late 
Sir  Henry  Drummond  Wolff  who  started 
the  Primrose  League  idea.  If  the  primrose 
was  Lord  Beaconsfi  eld's  favourite  flower, 
as  some  imagine,  it  is  curious  to  note  that 
in  '  Coningsby '  he  rather  grossly  insulted 
it.  Taking  refuge  from  a  thunderstorm 
at  a  country  inn,  Coningsby  could  secure 
for  lunch  "  only  eggs  and  bacon  "  :  "  '  'Tis 
but  simple  fare,'  said  Coningsby,  as  the 
maiden  [the  waitress]  uncovered  the  still 
hissing  bacon,  and  the  eggs  that  looked  like 
tufts  of  primroses."  GEORGE  COLOMB. 

'  THE  FLIGHT  OF  THE  KING,'  BY  ALLAN 
FEA. — Mr.  Allan  Fea  in  this  interesting 
book  has,  I  think,  made  a  mistake  in  the 
pedigree  of  Hyde  by  confusing  Sir  Nicholas 
Hyde  (son  of  Laurence  Hyde  of  Hatch  and 
his  wife  Anne,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Sibbells, 
and  widow  of  Mathew  Colthurst)  with 
Nicholas  Hyde,  one  of  his  eleven  nephews, 
a  son  of  Sir  Nicholas  Hyde's  brother  Sir 
Laurence  Hyde  and  Barbara  Castilian,  his 
wife.  Nothing  seems  to  be  known  about 
this  nephew  beyond  his  baptism,  which  is 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


recorded  in  the  register  of  Salisbury  Cathe- 
dral in  April,  1611  :  he  probably  died 
young. 

Laurence  Hyde  (the  second  son  of  Sir 
Nicholas  Hyde)  of  Hinton  Daubeney  was 
also  born  in  1611,  and  could  not  possibly 
foe  a  son  of  his  cousin  Nicholas  :  he  is  men- 
tioned as  a  son  of  Sir  Nicholas  Hyde  in  the 
Visitation  of  Wilts  in  1623:  see  'Flight 
of  the  King,'  p.  166,  and  pedigree  in  the 
Appendix.  The  paragraph  on  p.  166  should 
read  : — 

"  From  there  he  rode  over  to  consult  with  a  friend 
living  in  Hampshire,  Mr.  Laurence  Hyde,  the 
•second  son  of  Sir  Nicholas  Hyde,  and, first  cousin  to 
Mr.  Laurence  Hyde  of  Heale,  Mrs.  Hyde's  husband, '> 

not,  as  there  stated,  "  and  a  brother-in-law 
to  Mrs.  Hyde  of  Heale."  J.  J.  H. 

Salisbury. 

WILLIAM  HARRISON  AINSWORTH. — Among 
recent  obituary  notices  has  appeared  the 
following  : — 

"  Ainsworth.—  On  the  21st  Nov.,  1908,  at  Winter- 
bourne,  Bristol,  Fanny,  eldest  and  only  surviving 
daughter  of  the  late  William  Harrison  Ainsworth, 
Esq.,  aged  81." 

William  Bates,  in  the  '  Maclise  Portrait 
Gallery,'  says  of  Ainsworth  in  his  later  days 
that,  "  in  the  retirement  befitting  his 
advancing  years,  he  resided  with  his  eldest 
daughter  Fanny,  at  Hurstpierpoint."  The 
novelist  died  at  Reigate  in  January,  1882, 
in  his  77th  year,  and  this  recent  severance 
of  one  of  the  few  remaining  links  with  his 
literary  generation  is  perhaps  worth  a  note. 

W.  B.  H. 

THE  GUARD  ALOFT. — I  can  remember 
when  a  railway  carriage  had  a  seat  and  a 
footboard  at  either  end  of  the  roof  for  the 
convenience  of  the  guard  of  a  train,  who  was 
expected  to  keep  a  look-out  alfresco  ;  but 
I  never  saw  a  man  at  that  bad  eminence, 
nor  knew  until  a  day  or  two  ago  that  he  wore 
a  kind  of  mask  to  protect  his  eyes,  and  must 
have  looked  like  a  highway  robber.  An 
ex-vanman  of  the  N.E.R.  has  lately  shown 
a  large  dark  eye-mask  which  belonged  to  his 
father,  who  was  a  railway  guard,  at  the 
time  when  those  officials  had  to  ride  on  the 
top  of  the  carriages,  and  wore  masks  in  order 
to  protect  their  eyes  from  ashes  and  sparks 
from  the  engine.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  SANGUIS  MARTYRUM,  SEMEN  ECCLESIJE." 

(See  6  S.  ii.  445,  493,  524.)— This  appears  in 
its  present  English  form  before  1655.  In  a 
letter  written  by  the  Catholic  martyr  John 
Ingram  in  1594  (printed  Cath.  Rec.  Soc. 
v.  283)  we  find:  "St.  Augustine  saith, 


'  Sanguis  martyrum,  the  blood  of  martyrs, 
is  the  seed  of  the  Church.'  '  What  St. 
Augustine  says  (Serm.  xxii.  cap.  iv.,  Migne's 
ed.,  vol.  v.  p.  151)  is  :  "  Sparsum  est  semen 
sanguinis,  surrexit  seges  Ecclesise." 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

SIR  JOHN  MASON. — In  the  article  on  Sir 
John  Mason  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  it  is  stated  that 
Margaret  Hill  married  Sir  John  Cheke, 
and  that  Mary  Hill  married  Francis  Spel- 
man  ;  but  under  Sir  John  Cheke  it  is  said 
that  Cheke  married  Mary  Hill.  Which  is 
correct  ?  Margaret  and  Mary  Hill  were 
daughters  of  Lady  Mason  by  her  first 
marriage  to  Richard  Hill,  Sergeant  of  the 
Wine-Cellar  to  Henry  VIII. 

According  to  Hasted's  '  History  of  Kent,' 
Wrotham  Manor  was  granted  to  Sir  John 
Mason,  who  parted  with  it  to  Robert  Byng, 
whose  first  wife  was  Frances,  dauhgter  of 
Richard  Hill.  Was  this  another  step- 
daughter of  Sir  John  Mason  ? 

Hasted,  fol.  ed.,  vol.  ii.  p.  585,  writing 
of  an  estate  in  the  parish  of  Bredgar,  states 
that  it  was  at  one  time  in  the  possession  of 
the  family  of  Isley,  one  of  whom  left  issue 
five  daughters  :  1.  Mary,  married  to  Francis 
Spelman ;  2.  Frances,  to  William  Boys ; 
3.  Elizabeth,  to  Anthony  Mason  ;  4.  Anne, 
to  George  Delves ;  5.  Jane,  to  Frances 
Haute. 

The  wife  of  Sir  John  Mason  was  a  daughter 
of  Sir  Thomas  Isley,  and  granddaughter  of 
Sir  Richard  Guldeford.  Sir  John  died 
without  issue,  and  his  heir,  as  stated  in 
'  D.N.B.,'  was  his  nephew  Anthony  Wykes, 
grandson  of  Sir  John's  mother  by  a  second 
marriage.  Anthony  assumed  the  name  of 
Mason ;  did  he  marry  one  of  the  above 
five  daughters  of  Isley,  and  was  she  a  niece  of 
Lady  Mason  ?  If  so,  there  is  a  double 
reason  for  Anthony  being  the  heir. 

In  the  British  Museum  there  are  some 
MS.  notes  by  Dr.  Richards  of  Reading, 
Berks,  Add.  28,660-77.  At  p.  404  there  is 
the  following  entry  : — 

"  Sutton  Courtney  was  held  by  Sir  John  Mason 
and  Elizabeth  his  wife  ;  reversion  came  to  Anthony 
Weekes,  alias  Mason,  Esqre,  afterwards  to  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Anthony  Mason." 

On  referring  to  8  S.  vii.  326,  I  see  that 
there  is  a  probability  of  the  article  in  the 
'  D.N.B.'  being  revised,  and  the  whole 
subject  reinvestigated.  In  connexion  with 
Little's  statement  as  to  Sir  John's  low 
origin,  which  is  said  to  be  inconsistent  with 
the  quarterings  borne  by  Sir  John,  namely, 
Langston  and  Radley,  I  note  that  in  the 
pedigree  of  Thomas  Pigot,  who  was  Sheriff 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19,  im 


of  Bucks  1552  and  1557,  the  latter  married 
Katherine,  dau.  and  h.  of  Thomas  Langston 
of  Abington,  Berks.  She  would  be  a  con- 
temporary of  Sir  John  (he  died  1566),  and 
probably  survived  him.  A  John  Langston 
was  Sheriff  of  Berks  and  Oxon  14  Ed.  IV.  ; 
and  in  the  list  of  Gentry  of  Oxfordshire 
12  Hen.  VI.  contained  in  Fuller's  'Worthies' 
I  find  the  following  names  :  John  Langeston, 
Roger  Radle,  Thomas  and  William  Mason. 
R.  J.  FYNMOBE. 


(fimrws. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  PSYCHOLOGICAL  MOMENT." — We  shall 
be  thankful  to  readers  who  can  give  us  any 
information  as  to  the  firs  t  use  of  this  phrase, 
which  has  been  so  much  run  upon  of  late. 
The  earliest  example  at  present  before  us  is 
from  a  money-market  article  in  The  Daily 
News  of  29  April,  1891.  The  passage  runs  : 

"  Both  Friday  and  Saturday  next  are  holidays  in 
London.  Provincial  markets  always  follow  suit 
when  the  London  Stock  Exchange  takes  a  day  off  ; 
and  so,  unless  we  cable  to  New  York,  there  is 
nothing  to  do  but  to  forego  turns  and  commissions 
at  the  very  psychological  moment." 
Here  the  phrase  seems  to  mean  "  critical 
moment  "  ;  and  as  it  is  not  easy  to  see  how 
such  a  moment  could  be  "  psychological," 
any  more  than  chronological,  or  physio- 
logical, or  sociological,  or  anthropological, 
or  amphibological,  we  may  perhaps  infer 
that  this  was  only  a  "  polyphloisboisterous  " 
misuse  of  a  phrase  which,  as  originally  used, 
had  some  reference  to  psychology  (or  was 
thought  to  have).  A  friend  thinks  he  re- 
members seeing  an  early  example  in  which 
he  took  it  to  mean  "  moment  of  greatest 
mental  excitement."  This  would  of  course 
be  a  moment  of  mental  or  psychical  crisis, 
and  as  such  of  interest  to  the  psychologist  ; 
it  would  be  of  interest  to  the  philologist  to 
see  some  early  quotations  in  which  the  phrase 
was  used  with  some  approach  to  its  ety- 
mological sense.  J.  A.  H.  MTJBBAY. 

Oxford. 

WILLIAM  BLACKBOBOUGH,  MILTON'S  RELA- 
TIVE.— I  should  be  grateful  for  information 
as  to  the  precise  degree  of  relationship 
which  existed  between  the  poet  and  the 
William  Blackborough  of  St.  Martin's-le- 
Grand  in  whose  house  Milton  was  reconciled 
to  his  first  wife,  Mary  Powell,  in  1645. 
All  authorities  (including  both  Prof.  Masson 


and  Sir  Leslie  Stephen)  are  agreed  in  styling 
Blackborough  a  relative  of  the  poet,  but 
none  of  them  defines  the  relationship.  Pos- 
sibly some  student  of  the  Milton  pedigree 
can  do  so. 

I  may  say  that  I  want  the  information 
for  my  history  of  the  parish  of  SS.  Anne 
and  Agnes,  Aldersgate,  whereof  Black- 
borough  was  a  parishioner. 

WILLIAM  MCMTJBRAY. 

THE  '  PBOMPTOBIUM.' — Not  long  ago  I 
saw  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  a  reference  to  a  recent 
reprint  of  the  '  Promptorium  Parvu- 
lorum,'  but  cannot  turn  to  it.  Will  some 
one  kindly  tell  me  what  house  supplies  this  ? 
Is  it  a  simple  reprint  of  the  book  edited  by 
Alfred  Way  for  the  Camden  Society,  or 
is  it  newly  edited  ?  M.  C.  L. 

New  York 

CAPT.  W.  BENNETT  :  CAPT.  FBANCIS 
BENNET. — In  the  latter  part  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century  there  were  two  brothers, 
or  first  cousins,  Capt.  W.  Bennett  and  Capt. 
Francis  Bennet.  One  of  them  became  an 
admiral.  Is  there  any  means  of  tracing 
his  naval  career  ?  I  think  the  admiral 
was  most  likely  "  W."  E.  M.  BEECHEY. 

Milvertori,  Somerset. 

TUBKISH  WEIGHTS,  MEASUBES,  AND  COINS. 
—I  shall  feel  obliged  if  any  one  will  state 
the  correct  form  of  the  following  weights 
and  measures  used  at  Bussora  and  Mocha 
at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century  : — 

Muckee  =  4  Surat  maunds. 

Mertigat  =  less  than  a  Surat  tola. 

Ferasilah  =  271b. 

Marbat  or  Catla  =  7^  ferasilah. 

Cabeer,  a  coin  of  which  80  go  to  a  royal. 

EMEBITUS. 

NOBTHIAM  CHTJBCH. — Will  any  corre- 
spondent kindly  let  me  know  if  he  happens 
to  have  seen  a  print  or  engraving  of 
Northiam  Church  in  Sussex  previous  to 
1837  ?  A.  L.  F. 

MENDEZ  PINTO. — Mr.  Austin  Dobson  in 
his  excellent  paper  on  Izaak  Walton  men- 
tions the  '  Voyages  '  of  one  Mendez  Pinto. 
I  fancy  this  personage  was  a  Jew,  and  per- 
haps the  same  who  attended  Columbus  to 
America.  In  his  interesting  account  of 
'  Jewish  Life  in  the  Middle  Ages  '  Mr.  Israel 
Abrahams  mentions  a  Jew  who  took  part 
in  that  first  American  voyage  ;  but  as  I 
have  not  the  book  on  my  shelves,  I  cannot 
now  look  it  up,  and  do  not  recall  whether 
Mr.  Abrahams  gives  the  man's  name.  How- 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908.        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


ever,  both  Mendez  and  Pinto  are  Jewish 
names,  and  if  any  one  can  give  me  informa- 
tion about  the  man,  I  shall  be  very  grateful. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 
Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

CHARLES  CROCKER,  POET. — William  Hay- 
ley  was  born  in  the  Pallant,  Chichester, 
1745  ;  and  in  humble  quarters,  another 
poet  of  equal  merit  —  Charles  Crocker 
(Elwes,  F.S.A.).  Can  any  reader  locate 
the  place  and  date  of  his  birth  ?  Names 
and  particulars  of  other  members  of  the 
family  would  be  much  appreciated.  One 
of  Crocker's  poems  is  descriptive  of  Kingly 
Vale,  a  beautiful  district  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Chichester.  F.  K.  P. 

[The  '  D.N.B.'  says  that  Crocker  was  born  22  June, 
1797,  and  died  6  Oct.,  1861.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1862, 
is  referred  to  for  a  notice  of  Crocker.] 

NEW  ZEALAND  FOSSIL  SHELLS. — In  Mrs. 
Campbell  Praed's  book  'The  Last  Earl  of 
Elian,'  1906,  p.  120, 1  read  :— 

"  Coiled  twice  round  her  neck,  she  wore  a  quaint 
chain  made  of  the  yellow-green  fossil  shell  which  on 
one  side  resembles  a  human  eye." 

Is  there  any  book,  or  scientific  journal, 
in  which  I  can  find  a  detailed  account  of 
these  fossils  ?  My  wife  has  some  jewellery 
made  of  what  appears  to  be  the  same  thing. 
It  is  the  operculum  of  a  kind  of  winkle, 
found  in  the  islands  of  the  Pacific.  Ours 
came  from  New  Zealand. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

ARMY  AND  MILITIA  LISTS. — I  have  '  A 
List  of  all  the  Officers  of  the  Army,'  dated 
War  Office,  4  June,  1779,  and  should  be 
glad  to  learn  in  what  year  the  Army  List 
was  first  published,  who  was  its  publisher, 
and  how  many  editions  were  published. 
I  should  like  similar  information  as  to 
Militia  Lists,  and  Volunteer  and  Yeomanry 
Li£^.  I  should  be  greatly  obliged  if  any 
collector  interested  in  the  subject  would 
kindly  give  me  the  benefit  of  his  experience 
as  regards  the  best  and  speediest  way  of 
forming  a  collection  of  old  Army  Lists. 

W.  R.  WILLIAMS. 

Talybont,  Brecon. 

[Much  information  on  Army  Lists  from  1642  to 
1898  will  be  found  in  the  note  by  the  late  HENRY 
GERALD  HOPE  at  9  S.  i.  406.] 

NATHANIEL  SALMON,  1675-1742. — I  am 
trying  to  trace  if  any  portrait  of  this  anti- 
quary and  county  historian  is  in  existence. 
I  am  informed  that  one  was  found  among 
his  papers  which  he  had  originally  intended 
for,  and  willed  to,  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries ;  but  some  unpleasantness  with 


that  body  caused  him  to  cancel  the  bequest. 
I  cannot  learn  that  the  portrait  was  ever 
engraved,  nor  am  I  able  to  trace  the  original, 
or  the  will  above  referred  to.  Perhaps 
some  correspondentT^can  assist  me  to^  find 
them.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

E.  F.  HOLT,  PAINTER.— I  shall  feel  grateful 
if  any  reader  can  afford  me  information 
as  to  the  residence  and  family  of  E.  F.  Holt, 
who  is  said  to  have  been  a  painter  of  some 
merit,  and  who  was  living  in  1865.  His 
name  does  not  appear  in  Bryan's  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Painters  and  Engravers.' 

FRANK  WARD. 

38,  Wordsworth  Road,  Small  Heath. 

[Mr.  Algernon  Graves  in  his  '  Royal  Academy  of 
Arts '  includes  several  pictures  by  E.  F.  Holt,  from 
1854  to  1858.  His  addresses  in  those  years  were 
50,  Bay  ham  Street.  Camden  Town ;  1,  Poland 
Street;  34,  Sloane  Street;  and  1,  Alma  Road, 
Croydon.] 

HERENDEN  FAMILY. — I  shall  be  glad 
if  any  correspondent  can  direct  me  to  a 
small  octavo  work  (on  the  subject  of  London 
topography,  I  think)  containing  genealogical 
memoranda,  &c.,  relating  to  the  family  of 
Herenden  of  St.  Martin's-le-Grand,  sixteenth 
century.  I  came  casually  upon  the  book 
some  few  years  ago,  and  all  note  of  its  title 
seems  to  have  escaped  me.  I  am  not  con- 
fusing Stow.  WILLIAM  McMuRRAY. 

HORSE  HILL. — Can  any  one  locate  a  place 
of  this  name  for  me  ?  It  was  so  called  in 
1644.  M.  L.  S. 

SPEAKERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. — 
Can  any  one  tell  me  where  I  can  find  a  list 
of  the  Speakers  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
with  other  information  respecting  them  ? 

G.  H.  S. 

GEORGE  COLTMAN. — I  shall  much  esteem 
any  information  as  to  the  parentage  or 
ancestry  of  George  Coltman,  who  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  24  July,  1770,  was  Re- 
ceiver-General in  the  Stamp  Office. 

In  December,  1749,  he  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Thomas  Witherby,  law 
stationer  in  Birchin  Lane,  whose  sister  he 
married ;  and  his  three  eldest  children 
were  baptized  at  St.  Edmund  the  King,  Lom- 
bard Street.  When  or  where  he  was  born 
or  married,  and  where  he  was  buried,  I 
have  been  unable  to  ascertain. 

George  Coltman  had  an  elder  half-brother 
John,  of  Horncastle,  who  died  while  visiting 
some  friends  at  Bath,  and  was  buried  in  the 
abbey  there.  S.  S.  McDowALL. 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       rio  s.  x.  DEC.  19,  im. 


CRAVEN  FAMILY. — I  shall  be  obliged  if  1  painter,  practising  in  London,  Lichfield, 
some  reader  can  supply  me  with  a  short  and  Shrewsbury,  and  an  occasional  exhibitor 
pedigree  in  the  male  line  (to  present  time,  at  the  Royal  Academy,  1787-93  (Redgrave's 
if  possible)  of  the  sons  of  the  Rev.  John  '  Dictionary  of  Artists  of  the  British  School' ). 
Craven,  of  Chilton  House,  Wilts  ;  also  sons  Two  of  his  works  are  now  in  the  South  Ken- 
of  John  Craven  (brother  of  2nd  Earl  of  sington  collection.  Perhaps,  also,  some 
Craven),  who  married  ( 1 )  Maria  Rebecca  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  tell  me 
Green,  and  (2)  Mary  Hicks.  Did  any  sons  where  other  of  the  painter's  works  are  to 
or  grandsons  settle  in  East  Riding,  Yorks,  |  be  found.  W.  HEIGHWAY. 

c.  1700-92  ?     Please  reply  direct. 

TRUSS-FAIL. — What    kind    of    game    was 
this  ?     I  do  not  find  it  either  in  Strutt's 


C.  SIMPSON. 
;    2,  Shorey  Bank,  Burnley. 

ICKNIELD  WAY. — There  is  a  reference  in 
Elton's  '  Origins  of  English  History  '  (p.  330, 
n.  2)  to  the  Icknield  Way  in  Hants  and 
Wilts.  The  author  quotes  Tower  Misc. 
Rec.  113,  Peramb.  Forest,  27  and  29  Edw.  I., 
South. ;  and  says  : — 

"The  Survey  of  Buckholt  Forest  (Apr.  1, 
28  Edw.  I. )  contains  passages  relating  to  the  road 

in   question.     'Begin  at  the  Derieway and    so 

alwaies  by  the  divisions  of  the  counties  of  South- 
ampton and  Wilts  to  th'  Ikenilde  Street,  and  thence 
by  the  same  to  La  Pulle ; ' " 

and  "from  Pyrpe-mere  to  th'  Ikenilde, 
and  so  by  the  same  road  to  Holewaye." 


not  find,  it  either  in 
'  Sports  and  Pastimes '  or  Brand's  '  Anti- 
quities.' It  is  mentioned  in  the  following 
announcement : — 

To  the  Writing-Masters  that  are  Curious. 

This  Day  is  publish'd, 
A  New  Piece  for  the  Use  of  their  Schools  :  Being  a 
beautiful  Representation  of  the  Humours  of  a 
Country  Fair,  and  the  following  youthful  Diver- 
sions, viz.  Truss -Fail,  Tumbling,  Hot -Cockles, 
Playing  at  Cards,  Youth  riding  Horses  at  a  Fair, 
&c.,  allow'd  by  all  that  have  seen  it  to  far  exceed 
any  yet  publish'd,  which  the  Masters  are  desir'd  to 
compare. 

Sold,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  James  Cole,  En- 
graver, at  the  Crown  in  Great  Kirby  -  Street, 
Hatton-Garden.  There  may  be  had  an  old  Piece, 


Can  any  one  inform  me  whether  the  docu-    representing  the  taking  of  Porto  Bello,  &c. ,  and  a 

.    hundred    other    different    sorts,    at    the    G 


ments   referred    to    above   have   been   pub   , 

lished,   and  help  me  to  identify  the  place-    Pnce' ~DaillJ  A dvertzser,  /  Nov.,  1/41. 
names  which  occur  ?     The  tithe-maps  and  I  J-  HOLDEN  MAC. 

award  maps  would  probably  be  sufficient 
in  default  of  a  detailed  knowledge  of  field- 
names. I  should  like  to  be  able  to  identify 
the  site  of  this  Icknield  Way  very  accurately. 

O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD. 

[For  notices  of  the  Icknield  Way  or  Street  see 
7  S.  xii.  73,  446 ;  8  S.  i.  55,  214,  434 :  9  S.  viii.  17,  73.] 

PETER  WYNNE,  1684-1731.— Is  anything 
known  of  the  parentage  of  Peter  Wynne 
(or  Winne),  living  in  St.  Bride's  parish, 
London,  in  1713,  and  afterwards  at  Farn- 
borough,  Kent,  where  he  died  4  May,  1731, 
aged  47  years.  His  first  wife  was  Agnes, 
and  they  had  a  son  Peter,  christened  at 
St.  Bride's,  25  Feb.,  1713/14.  His  second 
wife  was  Gertrude  Starkee,  whom  he  married 
at  St.  Paul's,?Covent  Garden,  2  July,  1717  ; 
and  his  third  wife  was  Margaret  Wilkinson 
of  Tonbridge,  whom  he  married  at  Farn- 
borough,  20  Feb.,  1725/6. 


common 


1756,  aged  77  years. 


She  died  17  Oct., 
G.  R.  B. 


J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

'  LovE-1-LA-MoDE.'  —  Can  any  reader 
kindly  name  the  writer  of  this  comedy  ? 
It  first  appeared  in  1663  as  by  T.  S.  The 
initials  and  period  fit  Thomas  Shadwell, 
but  he  had  barely  attained  his  majority 
at  the  time,  and  nothing  else  of  his  appears 
to  be  known  earlier  than  about  1668, 
whereas  after  the  latter  year  his  publications 
were  fairly  regular.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

EDWARD  YOUNG,  AUTHOR  OF  '  NIGHT 
THOUGHTS.' — According  to  the  '  Diet.  Nat. 
Biog.,'  Young  was  a  D.C.L.  ;  but  on  the 
tablet  to  his  memory  in  Welwyn  Church, 
Herts,  he  is  described  as  LL.D.  Which  is 
correct  ?  S. 

SIR  JOHN  SYDENHAM,  BART.,  OF  BROMP- 
TON.  —  Further  data  are  required  about 

Mary ,  widow  of  Sir  John  Sydenham, 

and  second  wife  of  Andrew,  Lord  Gray  of 
the  peerage  of  Scotland.  She  died  before 
1632.  PATRICK  GRAY. 

Dundee. 

WANEY  "     TIMBER. — What     does     the 


HEIGHWAY  FAMILY.— I   shall  be  glad  if 
some  one  will  inform  me  if  any,  and  what, 

relationship    existed    between    the    family,  „_,—          

01    Us  born  W.    Trenery  Heighway — author  word     "  waney  "     mean  ?     The     Merchant 

Leila  Ada,  the  Jewish  Convert,'   '  Ade-  Shipping  Act  defines  "  heavy  wood  goods 

line,    &c.,  published  in  the  fifties— and  my  as    "  any   square,    round,    waney,    or   other 

grandfather   Richard   Heighwav,   miniature  timber."  J.  T.  B. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  ID,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


LONDON  STATUES   AND  MEMORIALS. 

(lO  S.  ix.  1,  102,  282,  363,  481  ;   x.  122,  211, 

258,  290,  370.) 

I  PURPOSE  in  this  series  of  remarks  to 
keep  for  the  most  part  in  the  City  of  London, 
although  I  shall  have  a  few  comments  to 
make  on  some  others.  As  the  three- 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
Milton  is  just  being  celebrated,  I  feel  that 
no  one  will  resent  my  starting  with  two 
memorials  of  him.  Milton  was  born  in 
Bread  Street  on  9  Dec.,  1608,  and  baptized 
in  the  church  of  All  Hallows  in  that  thorough- 
fare. This  church  is  one  of  the  many 
destroyed,  but  we  find  the  memory  of  both 
church  and  poet  kept  alive  by  a  tablet  on 
the  east  side  of  the  street,  just  south  of 
Watling  Street,  on  the  spot  where  the 
church  formerly  stood.  There  a  bust  of 
Milton  has  been  let  into  the  wall,  having 
beneath  it  this  inscription  : — 

Milton. 
Born  in  Bread  Street, 

1608. 
Baptized  in  Church  of 

All  Hallows, 
Which  stood  here  Ante 

1878. 

This  parish  was  united  with  that  of  St. 
Mary-le-Bow,  and  upon  the  west  wall  of 
the  latter  church,  facing  Bow  Churchyard, 
is  a  tablet  thus  inscribed  : — 

Three  poets  in  three  distant  ages  born 
Greece,  Italy,  and  England  did  adorn  ; 
The  first  in  loftiness  of  thought  surpast, 
The  next  in  majesty — in  both  the  last ; 
The  force  of  Nature  could  no  further  go : 
To  make  a  third  she  joined  the  former  two. 

John  Milton 

was  born  in  Bread  Street  on  Friday,  the  9th 

day  of  December,  1608,  and  was  Baptised 

in  the  parish  Church  of  All  Hallows, 

Bread  Street,  on  Thursday,  the  20th 

day  of  December,  1608. 

This  tablet  was  placed  on  the  Church  of  All  Hallows, 
Bread  Street,  |  early  in  the  19th  century,  as  a 
memorial  of  the  event  |  therein  recorded,  and 
was  removed  in  the  year  1876— when  that  |  church 
was  pulled  down,  and  the  parish  united  for 
ecclesiastical  |  purposes  with  the  parish  of  St.  Mary- 
le-Bow. 

In  the  churchyard  of  St.  Giles,  Cripple- 
gate,  has  been  placed  a  statue  of  the  poet, 
already  mentioned  by  MB.  PAGE,  No.  21 
at  the  first  reference  quoted  above.  In 
the  same  churchyard  a  handsome  fountain 
was  put  up  by  the  Vestry  in  the  year  of 
Queen  Victoria's  Jubilee.  It  is  composed 
of  Kentish  ragstone,  the  basin  and  pediment 
being  of  Aberdeen  granite,  while  "  above 


the  basin,  in  bronze,  executed  in  bold  relief, 
is  displayed  the  Queen's  head."  On  the 
two  towers  between  which  the  basin  is 
placed  the  following  inscriptions  have  been 
engraved  :  — 

In 

Commemoration  of 
Queen  Victoria's 

Jubilee, 
June  21st,  1887. 

Erected  by 
The  Vestry  of  St.  Giles, 

Cripplegate. 
Albert  Barff,  M.A.,  Vicar. 


Mr.  J.  J.  Baddeley,  the  donor  of  the  Milton 
statue  and  the  then  churchwarden,  is  one  of 
the  Sheriffs  of  London  this  year. 

In  the  pleasant  churchyard  of  St.  Mary 
the  Virgin,  Aldermanbury,  is  a  drinking 
fountain  erected  between  the  church  rails, 
and  upon  it  this  inscription  has  been  placed  : 

November,  1890. 

The  gift  of  Robert  Rogers,  Esqre, 

Deputy  of  the  Ward,  to  the  parish  of 

St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Aldermanbury. 

A  memorial,  surmounted  by  a  small  cross, 

which  stands   on  the  nor,th  side   of   Cloak 

Lane,  near  the  east  corner,  serves  to  keep 

citizens    of   London  —  and   others  —  in   mind 

of    the    former  existence    of  the  church   of 

St.     John     the    Baptist    upon    Walbrook. 

It  records  as  follows  :  — 

Sacred 
To  the  memory  of  the 

dead 

Interred  in  ohe  ancient  church  and  churchyard 
of  St.  John  the  Baptist 

upon  Walbrook 

during  four  centuries. 

The  formation  of  the  District  Railway 

having  necessitated  the  destruction  of 

the  greater  part  of  the 

churchyard, 

All  the  human  remains  contained  therein 
were  carefully  collected  and  reinterred  in  a 

Vault 
Beneath  this  monument, 

A.D.  1884. 

The  church  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  was 
not  rebuilt  after  the  Great  Fire,  the  rectory 
being  united  with  that  of  St.  Antholin, 
which  in  its  turn  was  demolished  in  1874, 
and  united  with  St.  Mary,  Aldermary, 
which  thus  serves  four  parishes,  as  St. 
Thomas  the  Apostle  is  also  linked  with  it 
for  parochial  matters. 

I  do  not  think  that  exception  will  be 
taken  to  my  treating  the  Royal  Exchange 
as  a  public  place  and  the  statues  there 
as  public  memorials.  In  the  centre  of  the 
courtyard  is  a  statue  of  Queen  Victoria 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       IW  s.  x.  DEC.  is,  im. 


by  Mr.  Hamo  Thorny  croft,  R.A.,  which  was 
unveiled  by  the  then  Lord  Mayor,  Sir 
Walter  Wilkin,  on  20  June,  1896,  and  is 
inscribed  on  the  front  of  the  pedestal  with 
the  single  word  "  Victoria,"  while  on  the 
back  is  recorded  : — 

Erected  by  the  Gresham 

Committee,  1896,  to 
Commemorate  the  opening 

of  this  building  by 

Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria 

on  the  28th  October,  1844. 

This  statue  replaces  one  by  Lough,  which 
had  become  weatherworn  by  long  exposure 
in  the  days  before  the  courtyard  was  covered 
in.  The  Queen  is  represented  as  she  was 
at  the  time  she  opened  the  Royal  Exchange. 
Crowned,  and  wearing  the  ribbon  and  order 
of  the  Garter,  she  is  holding  in  her  right 
hand  a  sceptre,  and  in  her  left  a  figure  of 
Victory  in  silvered  bronze,  just  alighting 
on  an  orb.  The  cost  was  defrayed  jointly 
by  the  City  Corporation  and  the  Worshipful 
Company  of  Mercers. 

In  the  north-east  corner  of  the  Ambu- 
latory is  a  statue  of  Queen  Elizabeth  by 
Watson ;  and  in  the  south-east  corner 
is  one  of  Charles  II.,  which  was  in  the  centre 
of  the  second  Exchange,  and  withstood 
the  fire  of  1838. 

In  a  niche  on  the  front  of  the  clock  tower 
is  a  statue  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  by  Behnes, 
which  is  at  too  great  an  elevation  for  me 
to  see  if  there  is  any  inscription.  There  are 
also  in  niches  flanking  the  northern  entrance, 
statues  of  Sir  Hugh  Myddelton,  by  Joseph 
and  one  of  Sir  Richard  Whittington,  by 
Carew. 

A  few  feet  from  the  statue  of  George 
Peabody  in  Royal  Exchange  Buildings 
is  a  drinking  fountain  in  granite,  with  a 
figure  under  an  ornamental  iron  canopy, 
thus  inscribed  : — 

Erected  1878 
at  the  expense  of 
William  Hartridge,  Esqr,  Deputy, 
supplemented  by  vote  in  Wardmote. 

This  is  decidedly  a  picturesque  addition  to 
City  memorials. 

To  City  men  the  old  coffee-house  auction- 
rooms,   &c.,   are  of  much  interest  ;    Garra- 
way's,   the    Jerusalem,    Baltic,    and    others 
bring    up    pleasant    memories.     In    Change 
Alley,  Cornhill,  is  a  tablet  upon  a  portion 
of  Martin's  Bank  that  occupies  the  site  of 
Garraway's.     It  records   that   the   building 
upon  which  it  has  been  placed  is 
The  site  of 
Garraway's 
Coffee-House. 
Rebuilt  1874. 


Not~"much,  perhaps,  but  enough.  Under- 
neath is  a  representation  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham' s  immortal  crest,  the  grasshopper, 
as  this  site  was  previously  occupied  by  his 
business  premises.  The  tablet  was  designed 
by  Mr.  Norman  Shaw. 

I  find  I  have  overlooked  a  simple  memorial 
drinking-fountain  situated  close  by  my  own 
door.  It  is  to  be  found  on  the  wall  of  the 
Greycoat  Hospital,  at  the  corner  of  Greycoat 
Place  and  Horseferry  Road.  It  is  of  stone, 
the  water  issuing  from  the  back  of  the 
alcove,  which,  with  the  basin,  is  of  Aberdeen 
granite.  It  is  recorded  that  it  was 

Erected  by  the 

Metropolitan  Drinking  Fountain 
and  Cattle  Trough  Association  ; 

while  higher  on  the  wall  is  a  tablet  inscribed 
as  follows  : — 

This  tountain  of  pure  water 

erected  by  Robert  Stafford 

for  the  benefit  of  his  friends  and 

fellow-parishioners  in  Westminster, 

with  an  earnest  desire  for  their 

temporal  and  eternal  welfare. 

July,  1859.  John  iv.  14. 

Mr.  Stafford  held  the  office  of  churchwarden 
of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Westminster, 
in  1843  and  1844,  and  left  several  benefac- 
tions to  that  parish.  I  have  been  informed 
that  the  spot  where  this  fountain  is  placed 
was  some  years  ago  known  among  certain 
of  the  residents  as  "  Stafford's  Corner "  ; 
but  the  name  never  had  any  official  sanction, 
and  has  now  almost  gone  from  recollection 
and  is  rarely  heard. 

So  far  as  I  know,  there  is  no  intention 
of  placing  any  group  of  statuary  on  the 
summit  of  the  Marble  Arch ;  but  it  is 
possible  I  have  missed  seeing  a  notice  of  it. 
A  group  is,  however,  to  be  placed  on  the 
arch  at  the  top  of  Constitution  Hill,  as 
mentioned  by  MR.  PAGE  at  10  S.  ix.  283. 
The  work,  by  Capt.  Adrian  Jones,  is  well 
in  hand,  and  will  be  ready  for  the  King's 
inspection  early  in  the  coming  year. 

With  reference  to  the  equestrian  statue 
of  Outram  by  Foley  (10  S.  ix.  482  ;  x.  372), 
placed  on  view  in  London  temporarily,  I 
am  under  the  impression  that  it  was,  for 
a  season,  in  the  open  space  between  the 
United  Service  and  Athenaeum  Clubs,  near 
the  Duke  of  York's  Column  ;  but  of  this 
I  am  not  quite  sure. 

As  regards  the  sculptor  of  the  statue  of 
the  Duke  of  Cumberland  (ante,  pp.  291, 
372),  once  in  Cavendish  Square,  my  authority 
for  attributing  the  work  to  John  Cheere, 
is  Wheatley's  '  London,  Past  and  Present,' 
1891,  vol.  i.  p.  341,  where  it  is  stated  that 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


"  an  equestrian  statue  in  the  centre  of  the 
square,  modelled  by  John  Cheere,  represented 
William,  Duke  of  Cumberland,  the  hero 
of  Culloden."  I  have  found  this  work  so 
generally  trustworthy  that  I  took  no  further 
steps  to  "  verify  my  quotations."  I  regret 
to  say  that  I  know  nothing  about  John 
Cheere  himself. 

To  return  to  the  Marble  Arch,  I  may 
say  that  on  the  9th  of  November — the  King's 
birthday  —  the  erection  of  the  royal  gates 
was  begun.  They  weigh  about  40  tons,  and 
will  cost  about  3,OOOZ.  ;  their  making  has 
occupied  seventy  or  eighty  craftsmen  for 
over  three  months,  and  they  are  generally 
admitted  to  be  one  of  the  finest  specimens 
of  hammered  ironwork  in  London.  The 
main  feature  of  the  ornaments  consists  of 
the  royal  arms,  surrounded  by  the  chain 
of  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  and  surmounted 
by  a  crown,  from  which  a  festoon  of  laurel 
leaves  is  suspended.  The  gates  are  the 
work  of  Messrs.  Martyn  of  Cheltenham. 
An  illustration  of  the  coat  of  arms,  &c., 
was  in  The  Daily  Graphic  of  10  November. 
Concerning  the  statue  of  William  III. 
in  Kensington  Gardens  (ante,  p.  371),  there 
appeared  in  The  Daily  Mail  of  7  November, 
copied  from  The  Evening  News,  a  paragraph 
of  which  a  portion  is  worth  preservation. 
It  states  that  the  statue 

"was  delivered  some  months  ago,  and  was  removed 
to  Kensington  late  one  night.  For  six  weeks  it 
remained  under  cover,  and  then  one  wet,  misty 
morning  a  gang  of  men  placed  it  in  position,  the 
authorities  dispensing  with  any  formal  unveiling 
ceremony.  The  statue,  which  is  of  bronze,  has 
been  greatly  admired  by  the  King  and  members 
of  the  royal  family,  and  those  distinguished  artists 
who  have  been  privileged  to  make  close  inspection 
of  it." 

MB.  PAGE  alluded,  ante,  p.  123,  to  a  statue 
of  John,  Duke  of  Marlborough,  situated 
in  Marlborough  Square,  Chelsea.  To  get 
at  anything  like  a  satisfactory  solution  of 
the  query  raised  has  occupied  a  considerable 
amount  of  time,  but  I  think  that  I  have 
found  out  all  that  there  is  to  be  known.  Its 
origin  appears  to  be  buried  in  oblivion. 
No  one  knows  anything  about  it,  and  half 
a  day  spent  in  Chelsea  brought  no  reward. 
In  the  Chelsea  Library  there  are  no  old  pic- 
tures of  the  site,  and  Faulkner,  Beaver, 
and  other  .writers  on  Chelsea  history  or 
antiquities  do  not  mention  the  square  or 
the  statue.  By  the  kindness  of  the  Borough 
Surveyor  (Mr.  Higgins),  I  have  got  copies 
of  some  of  the  minutes  concerning  the 
statue.  On  21  July,  1885,  a  report  was  read 
stating  that  "  the  improvement  ordered 
by  the  Vestry  in  Marlborough  Square  will 


necessitate  the  removal  of  the  statue  stand- 
ing in  the  centre  "  ;  and  the  then  Surveyor, 
Mr.  G.  R.  Strachan,  asked  what  was  to^be 
done  with  it. 

"  It  was  moved  by  Mr.  Leach,  seconded  by 
Mr.  Lawrence,  that  Lord  Randolph  Churchill 
be  asked  whether  he  will  accept  the  statue  of  his 
ancestor. 

'  An  amendment  was  moved  by  Mr.  Doll  that 
the  Surveyor  be  requested  to  make  inquiries.  This 
amendment  found  no  seconder,  whereupon  a  further 
amendment  was  moved  by  Mr.  Wright,  seconded 
by  Mr.  Northcroft,  that  the  Surveyor  be  instructed 
to  break  up  the  statue. 

"  The  Surveyor  having  replied  to  an  inquiry,  the 
amendment  was  put  to  the  vote,  and  was  declared 
by  the  Chairman  to  be  carried." 

Notwithstanding  all  this,  the  end  of  the 
statue  was  not  yet.  It  was  removed  to 
one  of  the  wharves  belonging  to  the  Vestry  ; 
but  subsequently  (as  I  am  informed  by  Mr. 
Higgins)  a  member  of  the  Vestry,  a  Mr. 
Williams,  living  in  Beaufort  Street,  asked 
permission  to  have  the  statue.  It  was 
given  to  him,  and  he  placed  it  in  his  front 
garden,  where  it  stood  for  some  time.  We 
next  find  it  in  the  possession,  for  some  years, 
of  Messrs.  T.  Crowther  &  Sons,  of  382, 
North  End  Road,  Walham  Green,  S.W., 
dealers  in  antiques  in  marble,  stone,  &c. 
where  it  stood  in  the  front  of  their  premises. 
Ultimately  it  was  sold  to  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough,  and  sent  into  the  country  — 
whether  to  Blenheim  or  not  my  informant 
could  not  say  for  certain,  but  he  thought 
that  destination  the  most  likely.  I  have 
written  to  the  Duke  of  Marlborough  upon 
the  subject,  but  a  reply  has  not  yet  come  to 
hand.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

Mention  of  the  granite  obelisk  in  Ken- 
sington Gardens  to  Capt.  Speke  (ante,  p.  371) 
may  be  followed  by  a  reference  to  the  only 
other  public  memorial  to  this  celebrated 
explorer. 

Speke  died  in  September,  1864,  aged  thirty- 
eight,  and  unmarried,  from  the  effects  of 
a  gun  accident.  While  visiting  his  uncle, 
Mr.  Fuller,  of  Neston  Park,  in  the  parish 
of  Wadswick,  near  Box,  Wilts,  he  went  out 
partridge-shooting  one  morning.  After 
about  two  hours'  sport,  he  was  getting  over 
a  low  stone  wall,  when  by  some  mischance 
his  gun  exploded,  while  its  muzzle  was 
pointed  at  his  chest.  He  died  in  a  quarter 
of  an  hour.  The  exact  site  of  this  lament- 
able event  is  marked  by  a  stone  let  into  the 
middle  of  the  wall,  and  surrounded  by  an 
iron  railing.  A  right  of  way  crosses  the 
fields  at  this  point,  but  it  is  little  used. 
This  cenotaph  is  in  a  most  neglected  con- 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 


dition,  and  the  inscription  is  well  -  nigh 
obliterated.  The  latter  runs  : — 

"Here  |  the  distinguished  explorer  |  and  |  African 
traveller  |  Capt.  John   Hanning   Speke  |  lost  his 
life  |  by    the    accidental    explosion  I  of  his  gun  I 
September  15,  1864." 

Capt.  Speke  was  to  have  taken  part  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  British  Association  at 
Bath  that  same  evening,  and  to  have 
encountered  Capt.  Burton  in  a  public 
discussion  as  to  the  true  source  of  the  Nile. 

The  Wadswick  memorial  is  in  such  a  state 
of  decay  that  it  will  be  as  well  to  record  its 
existence  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  H.  G.  ARCHER. 

'29,  Sussex  Gardens,  Hyde  Park,  W. 

The  equestrian  statue  of  Sir  James 
Outram  referred  to  by  MR.  WILMOT  COR- 
FIELD  (ante,  p.  372)  was  exhibited,  before 
being  sent  to  India,  at  the  foot  of  Waterloo 
Place,  between  the  United  Service  and 
Athenaeum  Clubs.  I  remember  my  atten- 
tion being  drawn  to  it  by  an  old  Indian 
officer,  who  remarked  that,  fine  as  it  was, 
it  did  not  recall  the  man  to  the  same  extent 
as  the  adjacent  statue  of  Lord  Clyde. 
That,  he  said,  was  "  the  man  himself." 
My  informant  was  able  to  speak  with 
authority,  having  served  under  both 
generals,  and  having,  besides,  dressed  Sir 
Colin  Campbell's  wounds  on  the  field  of 
Chillianwallah.  T.  F.  D. 

[CoL.  C.  J.  DURAXD  also  thanked  for  reply  on 
Outram.] 

THE  TYBURN  (10  S.  x.  341,  430).— I  regret 
that  my  absence  from  England  prevents 
me  from  replying  in  detail  to  MR.  H.  A. 
HARBEN'S  criticisms,  but  I  may  venture 
on  one  or  two  remarks.  By  an  uninten- 
tional slip  of  the  pen,  MR.  HARBEN  misrepre- 
sents my  argument  by  making  me  suggest 
that  "  the  name  of  Tyburn  denoted  the 
manor  lying  between  the  two  brooks." 
What  I  actually  suggested  was  that  the 
name  signified  the  land  lying  between  the 
two  burns — that  Teoburna,  to  compare 
small  things  with  great,  represented  to  the 
Anglo-Saxon  mind  what  Mesopotamia  (the 
land  lying  between  the  two  great  rivers, 
the  Tigris  and  the  Euphrates)  represented 
to  the  Greek  or  the  Roman.  I  do  not  sup- 
pose that  this  suggestion  will  meet  with 
acceptance  ;  -it  is  much  too  reasonable  for 
that  ;  and  I  dare  say  there  are  acute  critics 
who  will  prove  that  Mesopotamia  has  quite 
a  different  meaning  from  that  which,  prima 
facie,  attaches  to  it. 

I  cordially  echo  MR.  HARBEN'S  wish  that 
-fro*.  Skeat  would  favour  the  readers  of 


'  N.  &  Q.'  with  his  views  on  the  etymology 
that  I  have  proposed.  In  the  meantime 
I  may  point  out  that  the  elision  of  the  letter 
w  in  tweo  presents  no  difficulty  to  my  mind. 
I  dare  say  the  intelligent  foreigner  is  often 
puzzled  at  being  told  that  the  cognate  word 
two  is  pronounced  too.  If,  at  the  date  of 
Domesday,  Tweoburn  was  generally  pro- 
nounced Teeburn  by  Londoners,  the  Norman 
scribes  would  naturally  write  it  down 
Tiburne.  Nor  do  I  quite  see  why  Twyburn 
should  denote  a  "  twofold  "  or  "  two-forked" 
stream.  Twyford  does  not  denote  a  "  two- 
fold "  or  "  two-forked  ".  ford,  but  a  village 
situated  between  two  fords  ;  nor  does  twi- 
light denote  a  "  twofold  "  or  "  two-forked  " 
light,  but  the  condition  that  exists  in  the 
interval  between  the  full  glare  of  day  and 
the  darkness  of  night. 

My  argument  was  that  the  large  inter- 
riverine  area  was  known  as  Teoburna,  and 
that  it  was  subsequently  divided  into  the 
three  manors  of  Eia,  Tyburn,  and  Lileston, 
just  as  Eia  at  a  later  date  was  cut  up  into 
the  three  manors  of  Eye  or  Eybury,  Neate, 
and  Hyde.  Some  years  ago  I  laid  some 
stress  on  the  point  that  we  must  not  take 
for  granted  that  the  boundaries  of  manors 
in  very  early  days  were  rigidly  defined. 
MR.  W.  L.  RUTTON  (ante,  p.  321)  has  also 
drawn  attention  to  this  point.  Land  often 
accrued  by  marriage,  purchase,  or  other 
means,  and  was  thereby  detached  from,  or 
added  to,  existing  manors,  without  any 
definite  legal  record.  It  is  true,  as  MB. 
HARBEN  says,  that  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  manor  of  Marybone,  or,  in  other  words, 
the  Howard  de  Walden  (formerly  Portland) 
estate,  lies  to  the  east  of  the  Tyburn  Brook  ; 
but  we  hear  nothing  of  the  manor  of  Mary- 
bone  till  the  time  of  Henry  VII.  It  is 
certainly  anything  but  "  practically  certain 
that  the  manor  of  Tiburne  is  identical  with 
Marybone,"  i.e.,  the  manor,  for  the  parish, 
of  course,  comprises  not  only  that  manor, 
but  nearly  all  the  old  manor  of  Lileston 
as  well.  The  original  manor  of  Tyburn 
represented  much  more  than  the  Howard 
de  Walden  estate.  I  think  it  is  to  be  re- 
gretted that  before  writing  his  "  reply " 
MR.  HARBEN  did  not  refresh  his  memory 
by  again  reading  the  notes  on  '  Executions 
at  Tyburn '  and  '  The  Manor  of  Tyburn,' 
which  were  respectively  written  by  MR. 
W.  L.  RUTTON  and  myself,  and  appeared 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  some  years  ago  (see  9  S.  vii. 
121,  210,  242,  282,  310,  381,  402,  489  ;  viii. 
53,  210,  265).  He  would  there  have  seen 
that  the  authority  for  the  statement  that 
"  the  manor  of  Tyburn  included  that  portion 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


•of  land  to  the  west  of  the  Edgware  Roac 
which  is  now  known  as  Bayswater  and  Craven 
Hill  "  rests  not  only  on  the  grants  by  Gilber 
de  Sanford,  the  lord  of  the  manor,  as  recordec 
by  Stow,  but  also  on  an  Act  of  Parliamen 
•dealing  with  the  Craven  estate,  which  wa 
passed  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighteentl 
century,    if   my  memory  does    not   deceive 
me. 

It  is  interesting  to  learn  that  the  brook 
was  called    "  Tybourn  "    and    "  Ty-boum  ' 
•by  a  mapmaker  of  the  eighteenth  century 
but  this  does  not  affect  my  main  contentior 
"that  originally  the  name  was  applied  to  ar 
•area  of  land,  and  not  to  a  running  stream. 
W.  F.  PBIDEAUX. 
Grand  Hotel,  Locarno. 

I  have  discussed  the  evidence  for  the 
supposed  extension  of  Tyburn  Manor  to 
Bayswater  in  a  paper  on  '  London's  Firsl 
Conduit  System,'  published  in  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeo- 
logical Society,  within  the  last  two  years. 
I  there  point  out  that  all  the  evidence  shows 
is  the  existence  of  a  very  small  detached 
part  of  the  manor  of  Tyburn  in  the  common 
fields  of  Westbourne.  I  must  refer  those 
interested  to  that  paper,  as  I  have  no  oppor- 
tunity to  go  over  the  evidence  again  at  pre 
:sent.  A.  MOBLEY  DAVIES. 

[See    PROF.    SKEAT'S  note  'Initial  T  in  Place- 
Names,'  ante,  p.  486.] 

ST.  MABTIN  POMEBOY  (10  S.  x.  382,  450). 
—  I  fear  that  MB.  GOMME  can  never  obtain 
-confirmation  for  his  theory  of  the  Roman 
•origin  of  Pomary,  and  for  two  reasons. 
Firstly,  St.  Martin  Pomary  is  in  all  docu- 
ments, which  I  have  found,  of  earlier  date 
than  1251,  called  St.  Martin  in  Ironmongers 
Lane ;  it  is  so  called  at  least  as  early 
as  1207.  Secondly,  St.  Martin  Pomary, 
which  is  near  the  centre  of  the  City,  was 
never  in  the  pomozrium,  using  that  word  in 
its  classical  meaning.  It  is  to  me  inconceiv- 
able that  the  name  Pomary  after  centuries 
of  disuse  should  have  been  revived  to  distin- 
guish a  church  which  was  not  in  the  pomc&- 
rium  from  a  church  which  would  have  been 
in  any  pomwrium  of  London,  to  wit,  St. 
Martin  Ludgate  ;  even  St.  Martin  Oteswich 
was  nearer  the  pomoerium  than  St.  Martin 
in  Ironmongers  Lane.  The  form  St.  Martin 
in  Pomerio  given  in  the  '  Munimenta  Gild- 
hallse  '  suits  well  enough  the  derivation  from 
apple  orchard.  Failing  that,  a  derivation 
from  a  benefactor  is  the  most  plausible. 
It  is  curious  that,  at  the  very  time  when 
the  name  St.  Martin  Pomer  first  occurs, 
Walter,  son  of  Reginald  le  Paumer,  had 


a  house  in  Ironmongers  Lane.      See  Watney, 
'  Hospital  of  St.  Thomas  of  Aeon,'  pp.  257-8. 

C.    L.    KlNGSFOBD. 

MEDITEBBANEAN  (10  S.  x.  308,  351,  376, 
456).— D.  is  charged  with  having  "made 
a  slip."  He  cannot  see  it.  D.  suggested 
that  a  difficult  passage  in  the  'Letters 
of  Queen  Victoria'  relating  a  Turkish 
proposal  "to  relegate  the  British  fleet  to 
the  White  Sea  "  was  explained  by  MB.  PIEB- 
POINT'S  words  (ante,  p.  351)  "by  the  Turks 
called  the  'White  Sea,'  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  Black  Sea."  All  your  corre- 
spondents, including  H.  S.,  who  thinks 
"  D.  has  made  a  slip,"  prove  D.  s  case.  JJ. 
can  assure  H.  S.  that  grammatical  authorities 
tell  him  that  his  words  did  not  establish 
a  maritime  canal  between  the  White  Sea 
and  the  Baltic.  Not  in  D.'s  mind,  but  in 
that  of  Queen  Victoria's  informant,  there 
may  have  been  confusion  between  such 
operations  as  were  afterwards  carried  on 
by  Ommanney  in  the  White  Sea  and  those 
of  Sir  Charles  Napier  in  the  Baltic.  JJ. 

CANADIAN  NATURAL  DYES  (10  S.  x.  348).— 
x  know  of  no  publication  dealing  with  this 
matter  except  a  short  paper  '  On  Colouring 
Materials  produced  in  Canada,  by  Wm. 
Green,  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Literary 
and  Historical  Society  of  Quebec,  vol.  i., 
Quebec,  1829.  Probably  it  can  be  seen 
at  the  British  Museum. 

As  the  climate  and  productions  ot  tne 
southerly  parts  of  Canada  are  identical 
with  those  of  the  adjacent  States,  it  would 
be  well  to  look  into  the  more  abundant 
literature  of  the  United  States  for  the  in- 
formation. Among  the  American  books 
I  can  name  Heermann's  '  Dyers'  Materials 
New  York,  Van  Nostrand,  2  dollars  50c.) 
and  Hummel' s  'Colouring  Matters  tor 
dyeing  Textiles '  (Philadelphia,  McKay, 

dollar).  AVEBN  PABDOE. 

Legislative  Library,  Toronto. 

INDIAN  MAGIC  (10  S.  x.  428).— I  regret 
hat  I  am  unable  to  give  MB.  W.  G.  BLACK 
much  assistance  in  elucidating  his  interest- 
ng  account  of  magic  in  Assam.  I  a™m- 
lined  to  think  that  the  incident  of  the 
ransformation  of  the  wizard  into  a  sheep 
loes  not  necessarily  depend  upon  an  idea  ot 
anctity  attached  to  this  animal.  The  sheep 
5  one  of  the  beasts  into  which  in  India 

man  beings  are  believed  to  be  occasionally 
ransformed  by  the  powers  of  the  magician 
see    Temple-Steel,    '  Wide- Awake    Stories, 
d.     1884,     pp.     395,     421).     Such    animal 
ransformations     are     common    in    Indian 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 


folk-lore  (see  my  *  Popular  Religion  and 
Folk-lore  of  N.  India,'  2nd  ed.,  ii.  202 ; 
'  Katha  Sarit  Sagara,'  trans.  C.  H.  Tawney, 
i.  37,  341  f. ;  ii.  135  f.,  157,  168). 

Eastern  India — particularly  Assam  and 
the  hill  country  occupied  by  savage  tribes 
on  the  eastern  frontier — is  the  home  of 
magic.  I  venture  to  suggest,  but  it  is  only 
a  guess,  that  the  Assam  magician  is  supposed 
to  acquire  his  powers  in  the  land  of  "  Gora," 
that  is  to  say,  Gauda  or  Gaura,  "  the  land 
of  sugar,"  or  Central  Bengal.  The  reference 
to  the  country  of  women  is  interesting. 
Marco  Polo  fixed  it  in  the  island  of  Socotra, 
and  his  editor,  Sir  H.  Yule  ( '  Marco  Polo,' 
1st  ed.,  ii.  338  ff.),  shows  that  the  same  legend 
is  found  on  the  banks  of  the  Ganges.  It 
is  a  curious  fact  that  an  actual  village 
inhabited  by  women  alone  exists  in  the 
Burmese  Shan  States  (see  Sir  J.  G.  Scott. 
'  Gazetteer  of  Upper  Burma  and  the  Shan 
States,'  1901,  Part  II.  vol.  ii.  201). 

W.  CROOKE. 

Langton  House,  Charlton  Kings. 

'  THE  OLD-TIME  PARSON  '  :  MAGEE  AND 
THE  TOMTIT  (10  S.  x.  425).— See  Bishop 
Wilberforce's  '  Life,'  vol.  iii.  p.  261.  The 
Bishop  of  Cork  (Gregg)  made  the  joke  about 
the  Dean  of  Cork  (Magee).  See  also  Arch- 
bishop Magee's  '  Life,'  vol.  ii.  p.  183. 

G.  W.  E.  R. 

[CoL.  F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART  also  refers  to 
Wilberforce's  '  Life.'] 

THE  FIFTH  or  NOVEMBER  :   GUY  FAWKES 
CELEBRATIONS  (10  S.  x.   384,  434). — I  was 
brought    up    in    Bedfordshire,    about    forty 
miles     from     London.     Circa     1865,     these 
words  were  sung  by  the  perambulating  boys  : 
Remember,  remember 
The  fifth  of  November, 

With  Gunpowder  Treason  and  Plot ; 
I  know  no  reason 
Why  Gunpowder  Treason 

Should  ever  be  forgot. 
Guy  Fawkes,  Guy ! 
A  stick  and  a  stake 
For  Queen  Victoria's  sake  ! 

Ho  loa,  boys  !  holloa,  boys  !  make  the  bells  rin"  ! 
Holloa,  boys  !  holloa,  boys  !  God  save  the  Queen  ! 

Hip,  hip,  hip,  Hurrah  ! 

It  will  be  noted  that  rhythm  had  been 
sacrificed  in  order  to  bring  in  "  Victoria  " 
and  rime  to  bring  in  "  Queen." 

G.  W.  E.  R. 

D.  J.  asks  if  it  is  known  when  Guy  Fawkes 

lebrations   began,    and    seems    to    suspect 

that   they   are   more   recent   than    1606.     I 

thought  it  was  generally  accepted  that  they 

are  infinitely  older,   dating,    like  May   DaJ 


celebrations,  from  the  prehistoric  time  when 
he  beginnings  of  May  and  November  were 
;aken  as  the  dividing  points  of  the  year. 
For  survivals  of  this  May-November  year 
see   numerous   contributions   to   Nature   by 
Sir   Norman   Lockyer   and   the   Rev.    John 
rifnth  during  the  last  three  or  four  years. 
A.  MORLEY  DAVIES. 

In  the  days  when  bonfires  were  lighted 
and  fireworks  were  let  off  on  Tower  Hill,, 
say    before    1858,    the    rimes    sung    by    the- 
London  boys  were  : — 
Please  to  remember  the  fifth  of  November, 
The  Gunpowder  Treason  and  Plot ; 
I  see  no  reason  why  Gunpowder  Treason 
Should  ever  be  forgot. 

A  stick  and  a  stake 
For  King  James's  sake, 
A  stick  and  a  stump 
For  old  Oliver's  rump. 

Hip  !  Hip  !  Hip  !  Hooray  ! 
Guy  !  Guy  !  Guy  !  stick  him  up  on  high, 
Stick  him  on  a  lamp-post  and  there  let  him  die  ?" 
A  rope,  a  rope,  to  hang  the  Pope, 
A  penn'orth  of  cheese  to  choke  him, 
A  pint  of  beer  to  wash  it  down. 
And  a  jolly  good  fire  to  roast  him. 
Holloa,  boys  !  holloa,  boys  !  let  the  bells  ring  ! 
Holloa,  boys  !  holloa,  boys  !  God  save  the  Queen  f 
With  a  hip,  hip,  hip,  hooray  ! 

S.  S.  McDowALL. 

The  doggerel  quoted  by  GYPSY  is  much 
the  same  as,  in  the  forties,  we  lads  used  to* 
chant  it  in  London.  The  seventh  and  eighth 
lines,  however,  were  rather  different.  The 
concluding  verse  is  indelibly  fixed  upon. 
my  mind.  It  was  as  follows  : — 

A  rope  !  a  rope  !  to  hang  the  Pope, 
A  pound  of  cheese  to  choke  him, 
A  pint  of  beer  to  wash  it  down, 
And  a  jolly  good  fire  to  burn  him. 

But  what  was  known  as  "  The  Speech  " 
came  first  of  all.  It  went  to  the  same  tune,, 
and  ran  : — 

Remember,  remember,  the  fifth  of  November, 

Kind  masters  and  mistresses  all, 

Wrhen  we  ?re  sure  to  prepare,  with  Guy  Fawkes  in: 

a  chair, 
To  give  you  an  annual  call. 

Guy  Fawkes,  you  all  know,  tried  to  overthrow 
All  who  our  religion  did  share, 
To  establish  his  hope,  the  rule  of  the  Pope, 
And  blow  King  and  the  Commons  in  air. 

But  he  failed  in  his  plan,  for  King  James  was  the? 

man 

Who  discovered  the  plot  ere  applied, 
And  determined  to  trace  through  every  place 
Where  the  villainous  plotters  might  hide. 
On  discovery  bent,  for  Suffolk  he  sent, 
To  search  'neath  the  Parliament  House, 
W7ho  gunpowder  found  hid  snug  underground, 
And  Guy  Fawkes  creeping  out  like  a  mouse. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  19,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


Fawkes  by  jury  was  tried,  who  all  did  decide 
He  should  be  hung  on  a  gallows  up  high. 
Then  his  carcase  they'd  take,  burn  up  at  a  stake 
And  its  ashes  let  with  the  wind  fly. 

Then  remember,  remember,  the  fifth  of  November, 

And  contribute  an  halfpenny  to  buy 

Some    crackers    and    rockets;   with   cash    in    our 

pockets 
To-night  we  will  pepper  old  Guy  ! 

The  concluding  verse  was  a  patriotic 
one,  beginning 

And  also  we  '11  sing, 

but  I  do  not  feel  sure  of  the  exact  words 
that  followed.  HARRY  HEMS. 

KINGSLEY'S  '  LORRAINE,  LORRAINE,  LOR- 
REE  '  (10  S.  x.  210,  278,  377,  452).  —The  dis- 
cussion of  the  question  of  the  origin  of 
the  refrain  to  this  poem  arose  out  of  a 
query  of  mine  which  appeared  at  7  S.  xi. 
387,  in  which  I  suggested  a  gipsy  origin  for 
it.  Nothing  that  has  since  appeared,  either 
at  7  S.  xi.  479  ;  8  S.  iii.  372,  496,  or  during 
the  present  discussion,  throws  any  light 

rn  this.  The  fact  I  cited  from  the  late 
Leland's  '  Gypsy  Sorcery  '  seems,  how- 
•ever,  to  lend  some  colour  to  my  suggestion. 
It  is  idle  to  say  repeatedly  that  the  refrain 
is  a  "  circus  song  "  ;  the  question  is,  How 
did  it  become  such  ?  C.  C.  B. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10  S. 
x.   368). — There  has  been  no  answer  as  to 
"  where  to  find  the  origin"  of  the  line, 
'Tis  love  that  makes  the  world  go  round, 
neither    am    I    able    to    give    one.     Some 
seventy  years  ago  (about  1840)  my  brothers 
-and  I  used  to  sing  the  same,  as  under  : — 
Oh,  'tis  Love,  'tis  Love,  'tis  Love, 

That  makes  the  world  go  round-a  ; 
Every  day,  beneath  its  sway, 

Fools  old  and  young  abound-a. 
Love  often  turns  young  ladies'  hearts, 

At  which  mammas  will  scold,  sir ; 
So  in  revenge  Love  thinks  it  right 
To  shoot  sometimes  the  old,  sir. 

For,  oh,  'tis  Love,  &c. 
With  love  some  folk  go  mad ; 

Love  makes  some  folk  thin,  sir  ; 
Some  folk  with  love  they  are  so  bad, 
To  the  sea  they  will  jump  in,  sir. 
For,  oh,  'tis  Love,  <fcc. 

There  was  also   a   French  version,  possibly 
the  original,  beginning 

C'est  1'  Amour,  1' Amour,  1' Amour, 
which,  however,  I  forget.  G.  E.  C. 

Allusion  to  "  the  mueic  of  the  spheres  " 
(ante,  pp.  408,  454)  in  English  is  far  older 
than  1603  ;  for  it  is  very  plainly  expressed 
in  Chaucer's  '  Parliament  of  Foules,'  11.  59- 
•63,  on  which  see  my  long  note.  I  suspect 


that  one  source  of  the  references  to  it  (ex- 
clusive of  Cicero)  was  the  Vulgate  version 
of  Job  xxxviii.  37 — "  concent um  caeli  " 
where  Wyclif  has  :  "  The  singing  of  heuene 
who  shal  make  to  slepe."  Cf.  '  Merchant 
of  Venice,'  V.  i.  60.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Now  that  we  are  commemorating  Milton's 
Tercentenary,  Stanza  xii.  from  his  '  Hymn 
on  the  Nativity  '  ought  to  be  added  to  the 
"  music  of  the  spheres  "  : — 
Such  musick  (as  'tis  said) 
Before  was  never  made, 

But  when  of  old  the  sons  of  morning  sung, 
While  the  Creator  great 
His  constellations  set, 

And  the  well-balanced  world  on  hinges  hung ; 
And  cast  the  dark  foundations  deep, 
And  bid  the  weltering  waves  their  oozy  channel 
keep. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

The  passage  sought  by  A.  G.,  ante,  p.  448, 
commencing 

It  is  too  late  !  Ah,  nothing  is  too  late 

Till  the  tired  heart  shall  cease  to  palpitate, 

occurs  near  the  close  of  Longfellow's  college 
address  entitled  '  Morituri  Salutamus.' 

A.  WATTS. 
13,  Prestonville  Road,  Brighton. 

Lucis,  in  his  quotation  about  "  pomp  and 
prodigality "  (ante,  p.  448),  is  evidently 
thinking  of  a  line  in  Gray's  stanzas  addressed 
to  Bentley.  The  stanza  containing  this  line 
is  as  follows  : — 

But  not  to  one  in  this  benighted  age 

Is  that  diviner  inspiration  given 

That  burns  in  Shakespeare's  or  in  Milton's  page, 

The  pomp  and  prodigality  of  heaven. 

W.  B. 

SURNAMES  IN  -ENG  (10  S.  x.  428). — Has 
your  correspondent  referred  to  that  in- 
valuable treasury,  Canon  Bardsley's  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Surnames  '  ?  WM.  JAGGARD. 

OVOCA  OR  AVOCA  (10  S.  x.  308,  397,  437). — 
In  line  3  of  my  quotation  from  Mr.  Joyce's 
*  Irish  Names  of  Places,'  ante,  p.  437,  the 
word  should  be  Ovoca,  not  Avoca. 

L.  A,  W. 

Dublin. 

HAMPSTEAD  IN  SONG  (10  S.  x.  187,  296, 
377,  458).— The  future  anthologist  will 
look  for  a  record  of  Mr.  Albert  Chevalier's 
song  '  'Appy  'Ampstead,'  the  refrain  of 
which  ran  : — 

Oh  !  'Ampstead,  'appy,  'appy  'Ampstead, 
All  the  donahs  look  so  nice 
(Talk  about  a  Paradise  !),  &c. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19,  IQOS. 


JHisttltatwous. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Journal  of  Elizabeth,  Lady  Holland  (1791-1811). 
Edited  by  the  Earl  of  Ilchester.    With  Portraits. 

2  vols.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
"  LADY  HOLLAND'S  claim  to  renown,"  as  the  Intro- 
duction to  these  volumes  justly  says,  "  rests  upon 
the  later  years  of  her  life."  This  Journal  deals  with 
the  period  of  her  unhappy  marriage  to  Sir  Godfrey 
Webster,  and  her  earlier  years  with  Lord  Holland 
up  to  1811,  and  is  of  especial  interest  as  affording 
us  material  for  gauging  the  qualities  which  made  her 
salon  so  influential  and  her  own  will  a  law  to  people 
who  might  have  been  thought  strong  enough  to  do  as 
they  pleased  in  any  company,  or  to  neglect  a  circle 
where  they  were  bullied  into  obeisance.  We  cannot 
find  in  the  somewhat  shadowy  claims  of  Lord 
Holland,  his  good  nature,  and  his  flow  of  anecdote, 
a  satisfactory  reason  for  extraordinary  social 
success.  It  is  clear  that  the  triumph  was  Lady 
Holland's. 

A  perusal  of  her  Journal  suggests  some  reasons 
for  her  power.  Fashion,  of  course,  that  most  way- 
ward of  goddesses,  had  much  to  do  with  the  rule 
that  hers  was  the  house  to  go  to.  Her  exceptional 
insight  into  politics,  and  her  beauty,  with  her  skilful 
management  of  admirers,  did  much  to  establish 
her  position.  She  had  a  certain  hardness,  too,  of 
character,  due  to  her  early  troubles,  which  also 
stood  her  in  good  stead. 

The  Journal  reveals  a  great  keenness  to  know  and 
enjoy,  and  considerable  independence  of  spirit. 
Lady  Holland  had  110  particular  education,  but 
what  she  taught  herself  was  considerable,  and  we 
are  much  mistaken  if  the  fine  ladies  of  to-day  have 
anything  like  her  zeal  for  history,  art,  and  letters, 
feel  moved,  for  instance,  to  study  the  sources  of 
Gibbon,  or  go  out  of  their  way  to  see  fine  old  houses. 
The  first  volume  is  a  little  dull  in  its  abundance  of 
travel  notes,  though  these  have  been  reduced,  but, 
as  it  proceeds,  we  find  innumerable  striking  touches 
— notes  concerning  the  eminent  and  the  manners  of 
the  day. 

At  Florence  in  1793  Lady  Holland  found  a  bust  of 
Livia  said  to  be  like  her.  At  Schaffhausen  she  was 
very  severe  about  the  nasal  noises  of  Protestant 
worshippers.  She  liked  Pope's  translation  of  the 
'  Iliad,  but  could  not,  oddly  enough,  listen  to  the 
'  Odyssey.'  The  '  Laocoon '  was  her  ideal  of  the  best 
Greek  sculpture,  but  she  had  a  respectable  taste 
for  Italian  pictures.  She  includes  some  interesting 
speculations  on  history.  We  may  doubt,  even  if 
Carthage  and  Hannibal  had  triumphed,  whether 
civilization  would  have  spread  into  the  heart  of 
Africa,  and  satisfied  the  wants  of  society  in  that 
region  !  This  reflection  occurs  at  a  time  when  the 
author  of  it  could  not  keep  warm,  and  fancied  the 
torrid  zone  delightful. 

There  is  a  freedom  of  speech  about  subjects  now 
considered  impossible  which  is  characteristic  of  the 
time.  Lady  Holland,  no  doubt,  admired  her  own 
taste,  but  she  was  scarcely,  perhaps,  qualified  to 
abuse  poor  Lady  Hamilton  as  she  does.  Her 
reflections  become  very  "improving"  at  times  in 
the  Journal,  and  she  does  not  spare  her  first  hus- 
band. There  is  a  great  deal  about  politics,  of 
course,  including  several  neat  hits  at  various 
characters.  Sheridan  and  Canning  were  not  loved ; 
but  Fox  was  a*  wonderful  man,  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot 


the  best  writer  since  Addison,  "Bobus"  Smith  a 
little  overrated,  Madame  de  Coigny  very  witty,  and 
the  future  Lord  Melbourne  pleasant. 

Here  is  a  view  of  Gibbon  in  1791.  By  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Pays  de  Vaud  he  was  treated 
"  more  as  a  prince  than  an  equal.  Whenever  he 
honoured  their  goutees  with  his  presence,  every 

person  rose  upon  his  entrance His  whim  arranged 

and  deranged  all  parties.  All,  in  short,  were  sub- 
servient to  his  wishes  ;  these  once  known,  every- 
thing was  adapted  to  them."  This  makes  up  for 
the  somewhat  cold  reception  of  the  great  man  in, 
Johnson's  circle. 

Wordsworth  in  1807  was  asked  to  dine,  and 
appears  to  have  been  a  smart  talker :  "  He  came. 
He  is  much  superior  to  his  writings.  I  should) 
almost  fear  he  is  disposed  to  apply  his  talents  more 
towards  making  himself  a  vigorous  conversationist 
in  the  style  of  our  friend  Sharp,  than  to  improve 
his  style' of  composition." 

Lady  Holland's  interest  in  matters  of  learning  is 
displayed  in  her  note  on  the  savant  who  showed  up 
the  fraudulent  claims  of  Claude  Etienne  Savaryr 
who  translated  the  history  of  a  Caliphate  from  a 
bad  Latin  version  :  "  In  Savary's  history  a  certain 
town  in  Egypt  is  described  as  having  its  market 
filled  weekly  with  oil.  Now  as  no  olives  grow,  and 
consequently  no  oil  can  be  produced  in  such  abun- 
dance as  to  furnish  a  regular  supply,  in  that 
district,  recourse  was  had  to  other  translations,, 
and  the  identical  one  copied  by  Savary  was  found, 
and  the  error  in  the  text  that  led  him  into  the 
mistake,  for  there  olium  was  used  for  olus  (oleris), 
cabbages ! " 

Altogether  the  reading  of  the  Journal  has  given- 
us  considerable  pleasure.  There  are  six  portraits 
of  interest  reproduced,  but  the  Index  is,  we  regret 
to  say,  defective.  We  fail  to  find  the  first  two 
points  we  wish  to  look  at  again,  concerning  Margam 
and  Xenophon. 

The  Edinburgh  Review.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
THE  PASTON  LETTERS  were  little  cared  for  in  the 
first  half  of  the  nineteenth  century,  except  among 
the  few  who  had  genuine  antiquarian  or  historic 
taste,  though  even  by  others  they  were  commonly 
regarded  as  genuine  relics  of  the  time  of  the  Wars 
of  the  Roses.  A  change,  however,  took  place,  and 
in  the  early  sixties,  or  it  may  be  a  little  before, 
persons  who  for  the  most  part  had  little  knowledge 
of  Middle  English  had  persuaded  themselves  that 
these  documents  were  manufactured  articles  of  the 
reign  of  George  III.,  which  ought  to  take  rank  with 
the  Shakespeare  forgeries  of  Ireland.  This  notion 
spread  rapidly,  but  those  who  were  able  to  estimate 
evidence  retained  their  faith  unshaken  until  Mr. 
Berman  Merivale,  in  an  article  that  appeared  in 
The  Fortnightly  Revieiv  of  September,  1865,  stated 
:he  case  against  them  in  so  strong  and  careful  a 
manner  that  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  felt  the  time 
lad  come  when  a  searching  investigation  was  called 
:or.  A  strong  committee  of  investigation  wa# 
'ormed,  under  the  direction  of  the  late  John  Bruce., 
which  put  the  genuineness  of  the  letters  beyond 
doubt.  Even  Mr.  Herman  Merivale  himself  was- 
convinced.  Soon  after  this  Mr.  James  Gairdner. 
whose  knowledge  of  the  time  is  unrivalled,  entered 
the  field  with  an  enlarged  text  and  commentary. 
Three  editions  have  already  been  published,  each 
an  improvement  on  what  went  before.  The  period 
embraced  by  the  Paston  correspondence  was  one  of 
war  and,  when  armies  were  not  in  the  field,  of  great 


10  B.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


political  excitement,  so  that,  although  the  greater 
number  of  the  letters  are  of  a  homely  character, 
light  is  thrown  not  only  on  the  domestic  life,  but 
also  on  the  politics,  of  the  time. 

Attention  is  wisely  drawn  by  the  reviewer  to  the 
exaggeration  formerly  common  regarding  those 
killed  in  battle  both  on  land  and  sea.  Nothing  like 
accuracy  seems  to  have  been  reached  until  the  time 
of  the  English  Stuarts.  The  Paston  papers  furnish 
a  striking  example.  In  a  letter  of  Margaret  Pastpn's 
of  about  1440  we  read  of  eleven  hundred  Flemings 
being  at  Waxham,  of  whom  eight  hundred  were 
taken,  killed,  or  drowned.  The  reviewer  sees  that 
this  is  a  wild  over-statement,  and  suggests  that  a 
"great  many"  is  all  that  is  meant.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  thie  number  of  the  killed  at  Towton,  which 
is  given  on  a  scrap  of  paper.  They  were,  we  are 
told,  "  nomberd  by  Harralds  "  at  28,000.  This  must 
seem  impossible  to  every  one  who  can  estimate  the 
times,  or  knows  the  region  where  the  battle  was 
fought.  Yet  far  more  modern  historians  have  not 
realized  this.  Hume  speaks  of  36,000,  and  Lirigard 
of  38,000,  besides  those  drowned  in  the  Yorkshire 
streams. 

'Early  London'  is  highly  condensed,  but  the 
author  has  had  before  him  four  of  the  best  books  on 
our  great  city,  and  has  used  them  well,  and,  if  we 
mistake  not,  has  added  some  facts  from  his  own 
researches.  Did  prehistoric  man  live  as  a  lake- 
dweller  in  the  London  marshes  ?  Sir  Walter  Besant 
thought  so,  and  he  may  have  been  right;  but  the 
evidence  is  shadowy,  for  the  comparison  between 
London  and  Glastonbury  is  little  to  the  purpose. 

Mr.  Gomme's  argument  that  Arthur  was  by  no 
means  the  mythic  hero  who  figures  in  mediaeval 
romance  is  rightly  accepted  by  the  reviewer.  We 
do  not  think  that  any  reasonable  person  earlier 
than  the  eighteenth  century  ever  doubted  that 
Arthur  was  a  king  ruling  Britain. 

'New-England  Nature  Studies'  deals  agreeably 
with  the  careers  (should  we  not  rather  say  the 
dream-worlds  ?)  of  Thoreau,  Burroughs,  and  Whit- 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— DECEMBER. 

MR.  THOMAS  BAKER'S  Catalogue  534  opens  with  a 
fine  set  of  Newman,  all  original  crown  octavo 
editions,  38  vols.,  51.  5s.,  followed  by  a  set  of  Wace 
and  Schaffs  "  Library  of  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene 
Fathers,"  12  vols.,  4to,  U.  4s.;  Paz's  'Opera 
Spiritualia,  3  vols.,  folio,  1623,  81.  10s.;  Pezius's 
"Bibliotheca  Ascetica  Antiquo-Nova,"  the  first 
10  vols.  out  of  12,  1723,  91. 10s. ;  Reiffenstuel's  *  Jus 
Canonicum  Universum,'  edited  by  Pelletier,  7  vols, 
Paris,  1864,  51.  5s.  ;  and  a  unique  copy  of  the  great 
*  London  Polyglott,'  6  vols.,  with  Castelli's  Lexicon, 
2  vols.,  folio,  original  rough  calf  as  published, 
1657-69,  161.  16s.  (a  subscription  copy).  There  are 
lists  under  well-known  writers  on  theology,  also 
some  works  in  general  literature.  The  latter  include 
a  perfectly  fresh  and  new  copy  of  Alice  Meynell's 
beautiful  book  « Old  Masters  of  the  Italian  School ' 
at  the  low  price  of  12s.  Gd. 

Mr.  P.  M.  Barnard  of  Tunbridge  Wells  begins 
his  twenty-sixth  Catalogue  with  works  of  the 
Aldine  Press,  of  which  we  note  the  first  collected 
edition  of  Euripides,  1503,  81.  8s. ;  and  Herodotus, 
1502,  according  to  Renouard,  one  of  the  best 
editions  published  by  Aldus  of  any  Greek  book, 
12/.  10s.  This  copy  from  his  collection  is  ruled 
throughout  in  red,  and  he  has  written  on  the  fly-leaf 


Les  notes  de  ce  volume  sont  de  la  main  de 
Beatus  Rhenanus."  There  is  a  long  list  of  Editions 
and  Translations  of  Classical  Authors ;  besides 
works  of  the  Baskerville  Press  and  works  on 
ntiquities.  A  manuscript  book  of  Latin  verse  of 
;he  sixteenth  century  (one  lyric  poem,  'Anglia 
Sseresi  oppressa  sociorum  adventu  recreatur,' 
perhaps  refers  to  the  coming  of  the  Spanish 
Armada)  is  priced  4£. 

Mr.  John  Grant's  Edinburgh  Christmas  Catalogue 
contains  Scott's  '  Minstrelsy  of  the  Scottish  Border,' 
edited  by  T.  F.  Henderson,  4  vols.,  II.  Is.  Works 
trom  the  Catholic  Standard  Library  include  Cor- 
lelius  &  Lapide's  '  Commentary,'  8  vols.,  II.  11s.  Qd. ; 
and  Rock's  'Church  of  our  Fathers,'  4  vols.,  18s.  6d. 
Other  works  are  Alison's  'Europe,'  13  vols.,  full 
calf,  1856,  31.  3s.;  Cunliffe's  'Boer  War,'  2  vols., 
7s.  tid. ;  Foster's  '  Miniature  Painters,'  2  vols.,  royal 
4to,  3/.  3s. ;  *  Memoirs  of  Ulysses  Grant,'  2s. ;  Guild- 
ing's  '  Reading  Records,'  4  vols.,  royal  8vo,  16s.  6d.  ; 
Maitland's  '  Surrender  of  Napoleon,'  2s.  9d. ;  '  The 
Life  of  Midhat  Pasha,'  the  founder  of  the  Young 
Turkish  party,  2s. ;  Stephens's  '  Northern  Runic- 
Monuments,'  3  vols.,  folio,  11.  12s.  Qd. ;  and  R.  B. 
Marston's  magnificent  edition  of  '  The  Compleat 
Angler,'  2  vols.,  royal  4to,  31.  3s.  (published  at 
101.  10s.  net :  only  a  few  copies  remain  for  sale). 

Messrs.  Myers  &  Co.  send  two  Catalogues,  13T 
and  138.  The  latter  is  devoted  to  water-colour 
drawings  and  sketches  by  Augustus  J.  C.  Hare. 
The  former  includes  a  selection  from  his  library. 
There  are  also  97  priginal  drawings  in  a  folio  volume, 
251. ;  and  72  pencil  drawings  used  for  his  '  Walks  in 
London,'  two  4to  volumes,  50  guineas.  We  note  the 
author's  proof  copies  of  'Florence,'  'Venice,'  and 
'  France,'  6  vols.,  51. ;  Fellowes's  '  Monastery  of  La 
Trappe  in  1817,'  and  '  Sleidani  de  Statu  Religionis,' 
1559,  31.  15s.  ;  and  Casanova's '  Memoires,'  Bruxelles,. 
1871,  6  vols.,  21.  10s.  Hare  has  written  inside  the- 
last:  " The  Earl  Percy  of  Casanova  was  probably 
Hugh,  2nd  Duke  of  Northumberland."  In  the 
general  portion  are  Browning,  2  vols.,  full  morocco, 
1905,  &l.  10s.  ;  Sauvan's  '  Seine  from  Paris  to  the 
Sea,'  Ackermann,  1821,  7£.  15s.  ;  Fraiikau's  'Life  of 
John  Raphael  Smith,'  2  vols.,  1902,  231. ;  'A 
Panoramic  View  of  the  Thames  from  London  to 
Richmond,'  Leigh,  12^.  12s.  ;  Swinburne's  '  Poems 
and  Ballads,'  Hotten,  1866,  with  letter  from  the 
poet  to  Hare,  12/.  10s. ;  and  Doran's  *  Lady  of  the 
Last  Century,'  extra-illustrated,  31. 15s. 

Messrs.  Simmons  and  Waters  of  Leamington  Spa 
send  two  Catalogues,  227  and  228.  The  former  con- 
tains one  of  the  largest  collections  of  costume  plates 
ever  offered  for  sale,  making  a  complete  pictorial 
history  of  female  costume  from  1798  to  1900,  3,710* 
plates  bound  in  4  vols.,  royal  folio,  30£.  Under 
London  will  be  found  Wheatley's  'London,  Past 
and  Present,1  extra-illustrated,  the  6  vols.  bound 
in  full  calf  by  Morrell,  131.  13s.;  Smith's  Anti- 
quarian Ramble,  1846,  2  vols.,  also  handsomely  bound 
by  Morrell,  31.  15s.;  Croker's  'Walk  to  Fulham,' 
ll.  15s.;  and  Stanley's  'Westminster  Abbey,'  blue 
calf,  extra-illustrated,  31.  12s.  6d.  There  is  a  hand- 
some copy  of  Crabb  Robinson's  'Reminiscences,' 
190  additional  portraits,  3  vols.,  calf,  by  Morrell, 
81.  11s.  Qd.  Another  and  extra-illustrated  is  Mrs. 
Toynbee's  edition  of  the  Walpole  letters,  the  16  vols. 
bound  in  full  calf,  221. 

Catalogue  228  is  devoted  to  Autograph  Letters. 
Among  the  writers  we  find  Baron  Grant,  who  gave 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  19, 1908. 


Leicester  Square  to  London,  3s.  Qd.;  Hudson,  the 
Railway  King,  3s.  ;  Maclise,  with  a  drawing  of 
himself  as  a  Pierrot,  7s.  Qd.  ;  Max  Miiller  regarding 
the  origin  of  a  word,  5s.  ;  and  Lord  Salisbury,  Jan- 
uary 4th,  1881,  10s.  Qd.  (in  this  he  writes:  "lam 
xitterly  puzzled  at  the  proceedings  of  the  Govern- 
ment. I  cannot  make  out  what  object  they  have  in 
view—  what  are  they  driving  at  ?  If  they  mean  to 
govern  Ireland  by  giving  the  Irish  all  they  want, 
why  did  they  not  say  so  long  ago,  and  spare 
themselves  the  humiliation  of  this  successful  re- 
bellion?"). 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton's  Manchester  Catalogue  165 
contains  a  number  of  Ainsworth's  Works  ;  and  a 
•set  of  Bentley's  Miscellany,  44  vols.,  half  -calf,  91.  9s. 
There  are  first  editions  under  the  Brontes.  A  list 
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•Grimm's  "German  Popular  Stories,'  Robins,  1825, 
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LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  26,  1908. 


CONTENTS.-No.  261. 

NOTES  :— Yule-waiting,  501— Epitaphiana,  502— The  Rev. 
George  Plaxton,  503 -Bibliography  of  Christmas,  505  — 
The  Fifteen  O's— Boy-Bishop— Christmas  at  Selby  Abbey 
—Mistletoe— Inscription  over  Hall  Door— Watch  Inscrip- 
tion—Leg growing  after  Death,  506— King's  'Classical 
•Quotations'  — "Th1  Owd  Lad "  =  The  Devil  —  "Lese- 
Majeste"":  "  Republic  "—Claret,  507. 

QUERIES  :— Christmas  Day  and  Lady  Day— Milton  :  Por- 
trait as  a  Boy—'  Folkestone  Fiery  Serpent,'  508— Names 
terrible  to  Children— Field  Memorials  to  Sportsmen— 
Gainsborough's  Wife— Joanna  Southcott  and  the  Black 
Pig— Carlyle  on  the  Griffin  :  Hippogriff,  509—"  Old  King 
Cole  "—John  Holloway,  M.P.  for  Wallingford— Authors 
of  Quotations  Wanted— "  Y-called ":  "Y-coled,"  510— 
"  He  which  drinketh  well,"  511. 

REPLIES:  — The  Tenth  Wave,  511  —  Ancaster  —  Special 
Jurisdiction,  512-Sir  Arthur  Leary  Pigott,  513-Justice 
Hayes's  '  Elegy  written  in  the  Temple  Gardens ' — Authors 
of  Quotations  Wanted— Pimlico  :  Eyebright,  514— Extra- 
ordinary Contemporary  Animals  —  Meets  of  Hounds 
-announced  in  Church  —  Shakespeare  Visitors'  Books — 
Seventeenth-Century  Quotations  —  Bridal  Stone,  515— 
Raid  of  the  Bishop  of  Norwich — "Dear"  :  "O  dear  no  !" 
—Prebendary  Henry  Barnewell— Brembre  or  Brambre, 
516 — Ebenezer  Gerard — Guppy — "His  end  was  peace" — 
Booth  of  Rame.  517— Peter  de  Montfort— Jeffrey  Hudson 
the  Dwarf — Suffragettes— Man  in  the  Moon — M.  Homais 
—Cardinal  Erskine,  518. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'Joseph  Skipsey '— ' Who's  Who'— 
'The  Englishwoman's  Year-Book '— ' The  Writers'  Year- 
Book ' — Whitaker's  Almanack  and  Peerage. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Jtobi. 

YULE-WAITING. 

AMONG  the  various  services  which  in  1183 
:some  tenants  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham's 
manors  had  to  perform  was  that  of  yolwayt- 
ing  ('  Boldon  Book,'  Surtees  Soc.,  20,  22)— 
a  duty  which  in  the  fourteenth  century  was 
compounded  for  by  a  payment  in  money  : 
41  Yholwayting.  lidem  tenentes  reddunt  per 
annum  pro  yolwayting,  ad  festum  Nativi- 
tatis  Domini,  5s."  ('  Bishop  Hatfield's 
Survey,'  Surtees  Soc.,  22).  '  The  Domesday 
of  St.  Paul's,'  dated  1222,  informs  us  that 
this  service  consisted  in  keeping  watch 
about  the  lord's  court  during  the  Christmas 
season  :  "  Et  vigilabit  circa  curiam  domini 
una  nocte  Nath'  ad  cibum  domini"  ('Domes- 
day of  St.  Paul's,'  34).  The  mode  in  which 
it  was  kept  is  thus  described  in  a  manuscript 
belonging  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
St.  Paul's  :— 

"  John  Aldred,  a  customary  tenant,  was  bound 
with  the  other  tenants  of  the  same  rank  to  provide 

at  one  of  them  should  keep  watch  at  the  court 

rom  Christmas  to  Twelfth  day,  and  have  a  good 

fire  in  the  Hall,  one  white  loaf,  one   cooked  dish 

<  ferculum  coquince),  and  a  gallon  of  ale  ;  and  if  any 

"damage  were  done,  he  that  watched  was  to  make  it 


good,  unless  he  had  raised  the  hue  and  cry  for  the 
village  to  go  in  pursuit."— Op.  cit.,  p.  Ixxiii. 

Hunter  in  his  '  Hallamshire,'  1819,  p.  272, 
says  : — 

"  There  is  a  tradition  among  the  inhabitants  of 
Wadsley  [near  Sheffield]  that  the  ancient  owners 
of  the  nail  were  accustomed  to  entertain  twelve 
men  and  their  horses  every  Christmas  for  twelve 
days ;  and  that  at  their  departure  each  man  was 
expected  to  stick  a  large  pin  or  needle  in  the 
mantle-tree." 

This  is  a  good  example  of  the  value  of 
tradition,  for  the  facts  are  substantially 
correct.  The  pins  stuck  in  the  mantle- 
tree  seem  to  have  been  intended  to 
number  the  days  as  they  passed,  like  a  rude 
calendar. 

It  was  necessary  to  watch  the  lord's  hall 
during  the  twelve  days  succeeding  Christmas 
Day  because  those  days  were  a  period  of 
unbridled  licence.  The  following  extract 
from  a  register  kept  in  York  will  show 
that  at  this  season  all  kinds  of  vagabonds 
were  befriended  and  encouraged  : — 

"The  sheriffs  of  the  city  of  York  have  antiently 
used  on  St.  Thomas's  day  the  apostle  before  Yoole, 
at  toll  of  the  bell  to  come  to  Allhallows  kirk  in  the 
Pavement,  and  there  to  hear  a  mass  of  St.  Thomas 
at  the  high  quiere,  and  to  offer  at  the  mass ;  and 
when  mass  was  done  to  make  proclamation  at  the 
pillory  of  the  Yoole-girthol,  in  the  form  that  follows 
by  their  serjeant,  &c. : — 

"'We  command  that  the  peace  of  our  lord  the 
king  be  well  keeped  and  mayntayned  by  night  and 
day,  &c.,  prout  solebat  in  prodamatione  prosdict' 
vicecomitum  in  eorum  equitatione.  Also  that  all 
manner  of  whores,  thieves,  dice-players,  and  all 
other  unthrifty  folk  be  wellcome  to  the  towne, 
whether  they  come  late  or  early,  at  the  reverence 
of  the  high  feaste  of  Yoole,  till  the  twelve  days  be 
passed.' 

"  The  proclamation  made  in  form  aforesaid,  the 
fower  Serjeants  shall  go  and  ride,  whither  they  will, 
and  one  of  them  shall  have  a  home  of  brass  of  the 
toll-boothe,  and  the  other  three  Serjeants  shall  have 
each  of  them  a  home,  and  so  go  forth  to  the  fower 
barrs  of  the  citty  and  blow  the  youle-girthe  ;  and 
the  sheriffs  for  that  day  use  to  goe  together,  they 
and  their  wives,  and  their  officers,  at  the  reverence 
of  the  high  feast  of  Yoole,  at  their  proper  costs," 
&c.— Drake's  '  Eboracum,'  1736,  p.  197. 

Youle-girihe  is  the  Icelandic  Jola-grift, 
which,  according  to  Vigfusson,  is  identical 
in  meaning  with  Jola-friftr,  Yule-peace, 
sanctity.  The  heathen  Yule  was  a  great 
merry-making,  and  lasted  thirteen  days. 

It  is  remarkable  that  only  two  or  three  of 
the  manors  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham  and 
of  the  Canons  of  St.  Paul's  are  described 
as  being  liable  to  the  service  of  Yule-waiting, 
or  Yule-watching. 

St.  Thomas's  Day,  when  the  merry- 
making at  York  began,  was  the  21st  of 
December  ;  the  Saturnalia  of  ancient  Rome 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  25, 


went  on  for  seven  days,  from  the  17th  to  the 
23rd  of  December.  Dr.  Frazer  has  shown 
that 

"many  peoples  have  been  used  to  observe  an  annual 
period  of  licence,  when  the  customary  restraints  of 
law  and  morality  are  thrown  aside,  when  the  whole 
population  give  themselves  up  to  extravagant  mirth 
and  jollity,  and  when  the  darker  passions  find  a 
vent  which  would  never  be  allowed  them  in  the 
more  staid  and  sober  course  of  ordinary  life.  Such 
outbursts  of  the  pent-up  forces  of  human  nature, 
top  often  degenerating  into  wild  orgies  of  lust  and 
crime,  occur  most  commonly  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
and  are  frequently  associated,  as  I  have  had  occa- 
sion to  point  out,  with  one  or  other  of  the  agricul- 
tural seasons,  especially  with  the  time  of  sowing  or 
harvest."—'  Golden  Bough,'  2nd  ed.  iii.  138. 

The  same  author  says  that  the  name 
Saturn  seems  to  be  etymologically  akin  to 
satus  and  satio,  "  a  sowing  "  or  "  planting," 
and  he  refers  to  Festus,  who  expresses  that 
opinion. 

It  has  been  observed  that  many  of  the 
peculiar  customs  of  the  Saturnalia  exhibited 
a  remarkable  resemblance  to  the  sports  of 
our  own  Christmas  and  of  the  Italian 
Carnival.  Thus  public  gambling  was  allowed 
by  the  sediles  (Smith's  '  Diet,  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Antiq.,'  3rd  ed.,  ii.  600). 

The  waits  or  watchmen  of  old  cities  were 
also  pipers  or  musicians,  and  perhaps  they 
announced  the  hours  of  the  night  by  piping 
a  tune.  Our  Christmas  waits  seem  to  be 
more  intimately  connected  with  them  than 
with  the  watchmen  who,  one  by  one,  per- 
formed the  duty  of  guarding  the  lord's  hall 
at  the  riotous  season  of  Yuletide. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 


EPITAPHIANA. 

ELIHU  YALE'S  EPITAPH. — In  St.  Philip's 
(Lambeth)  Monthly  Magazine  for  November 
I  notice  a  paragraph  (signed  Miss  Boyes) 
which  may  interest  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
Any  items  connected  with  the  makers  of 
the  U.S.A.  always  seem  to  me  attractive  : — 

"  In  the  churchyard  of  Wrexham  Parish  Church, 
Flintshire,  is  the  grave  of  Elihu  Yale,  the  founder 
of  the  famous  American  University  of  Yale.    On 
his  tombstone  is  the  following  quaint  inscription  :— 
Born  in  America, 
In  Europe  bred, 
In  Africa  travelled, 
In  Asia  wed, 
Where  long  he  lived  and  thrived : 

In  London  dead. 
Much  good,  some  ill,  he  did, 

So  hope  all's  even, 
And  that  his  soul  through 
Mercy's  gone  to  heaven. 

Elihu  Yale's  paternal  ancestor  was  one  of  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers,  and  before  emigrating  he  lived 
at  Plas-yn-Yale,  near  the  quaint  village  of  Bryn 


Eglwys.  For  centuries  this  has  been  the  home  of 
the  Yale  family,  and  there  are  to  this  day  Yales  in 
Yale.  The  church  at  Bryn  Eglwys  has  a  transept 
called  Yale  Chapel,  used  for  generations  of  Plas-yn- 
Yale." 

HEBBEBT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

"  Now  THUS."     (See  9  S.  vi.  387,  477.)— 

On    the    floor    of    Yalding    Church,    Kent^ 

there  is  a  memorial  slab  bearing  this  motto  : — 

Ambrose  Ward,  son  of 

George  Ward,  Gent. 

died  March  (15)  1673 

aged  44. 

NOW  THVS.      NOW  THVS.      NOW  THVS. 

There  are  many  other  memorials  to  tha 
family  in  this  church,  one  (dated  1679), 
very  handsome,  with  heraldic  achievement, 
but  without  the  above  motto. 

R.  J.  FYNMOBE. 
Sandgate. 

EPITAPH  AT  KINGSTON-ON-THAMES. — The- 
following  is  on  the  tomb  of  one  named 
Hawarde  (1655)  in  the  church  of  Kingston-on 
Thames  :— 

Earth  to  Earth, 

Ashes  in  Ashes  lye,  on  Ashes  tread, 
Ashes  engrav'd  these  Woords,  which  Ashes  read. 
Then  what  poore  Thing  is  Man,  when  any  Gust 
Can  blow  his  Ashes  to  their  elder  Dust  ? 
More  was  intended,  but  a  Wynd  did  rise, 
And  fill'd  with  Ashes  both  my  Mouth  and  Eyes, 

CHB.  WATSON. 
294,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

WABBINGTON  EPITAPHS. — In  the  Warring- 
ton  Parish  Churchyard  is  the  following 
epitaph  on  one  Margaret  Robinson,  who  died 
in  December,  1816,  aged  38  :— 

This  Maid  no  Elegance  of  Form  possess'd, 
No  earthly  Love  defil'd  her  sacred  Breast : 
Hence  free  she  liv'd  from  the  Deceiver  Man : 
Heav'n  meant  it  as  a  Blessing  she  was  plain. 
Much    of    the    gravestone    has    fallen    and: 
crumbled   away.     The   Christian  name  and 
parts  of  the  surname  and  date  have  gone.. 
The  parish  clerk,  who  has  been  connected 
with  the  church  for  many  years,  is  certain 
of  the  name  (Margaret  Robinson)  and  of  the 
date.     He   has   shown   me   the   register   of 
Margaret     Robinson     of     Penketh,     buried 
29  Dec.,   1816.     Penketh  is  a  village  about 
three  miles  west  of  Warrington. 

In  a  small  commonplace  book  which 
belonged  to  my  grandmother,  who  died  in. 
1851,  aged  81,  is  the  following  : — 

Epitaph  on  A  young  woman  in  Warrington 

Churchyard. 

No  comeliness  of  form  this  Maid  possess'd 
No  Earthly  Love  defiled  her  sacred  breast 
Secure  she  lived  from  the  deceiver  Man 
Heaven  sent  it  as  a  Blessing  she  was  plain. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


503 


The  latter  version  appears  to  me  the  better. 
It  is  not  improbable  that  it  was  on  another 
gravestone.  A  woman  of  38  would  scarcely 
be  described  as  young.  I  cannot  suppose 
that  the  differences  of  the  manuscript  from 
the  Robinson  epitaph  were  invented  by  my 
grandmother. 

Is  either  or  any  other  version  extant  else- 
where ?  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

St.  Austins,  Warrington. 

THE  DUFF,  EARLY  MISSION  SHIP  TO 
SOUTH  SEAS. — In  the  Browning  Garden 
(the  old  burial-ground  of  York  Street 
Chapel,  Walworth  j  there  is  engraved  on  a 
granite  slab,  placed  at  the  foot  of  the 
Holbert  tomb,  the  following  inscription  : — 

James  Wilson, 

Whose  burial  in  1814  this  tombstone  commemorates, 
was  born  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  in  1760.  Early  in 
life  he  went  to  sea.  He  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Bvnker's  Hill  in  1775.  He  soon  became  the  master 
of  a  trading  ship  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  He  received 
the  thanks  of  the  General  Officer  commanding  the 
British  troops  at  Cvddalore  for  bringing  them  sup- 
plies in  spite  of  the  French  blockade.  Later  on  he 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  after  a  marvellous  escape 
recaptured  by  Hyder  Ali  and  shvt  vp  for  twenty- 
two  months  in  the  Black  Hole  of  fceringapatam. 
On  peace  being  restored  he  was  released,  and  took 
vp  his  abode  at  Horndean  near  Portsmovth,  where 
he  was  converted  to  Christianity  through  the 
ministrations  of  the  Rev.  James  Griffin,  Congrega- 
tional pastor  at  Portsea.  In  1796-98  he  gave  his 
services  to  the  London  Missionary  Society  as  the 
Honorary  Commander  of  the  Dvff,  one  of  the  first 
pvrely  missionary  ships  of  modern  times,  and 
planted  missions  in  Otaheite  and  other  islands  of 
the  South  Pacific.  In  1799  he  settled  at  Denmark 
Hill  and  worshipped  in  York  Street  Chapel  (now 
Browning  Hall),  which  was  fovnded  by  his  father- 
in-law,  Richard  Holbert,  to  whom  also  the  Holbert 
Charity  is  due.  In  1805  he  was  enrolled  as  a 
member  and  svbsequently  became  a  Deacon. 

"  Thou  art  the  God  that  doeth  wonders :  and 
hast  declared  Thy  power  among  the  people." 
Ps.  xxvii.  14. 

This  tomb  was  restored  and  the  above  inscription 
added  in  1898  by  Joseph  James  Curling,  M.A., 
Vicar  of  Hamble-le-rice,  and  grandson  of  Captain 
Wilson. 

In  the  Cuming  Museum,  Walworth  Road, 
close  by,  stands  a  glass  case  containing 
"  Dress  and  other  Material  "  brought  home 
by  Capt.  Wilson  in  the  Duff. 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 

39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

ADVERTISING  EPITAPH. — In  the  church- 
yard of  Cornhill,  the  most  northern  village 
in  Northumberland,  is  an  inscription  in 
Latin,  nearly  illegible  half  a  century  ago, 
translated  as  follows  : — 

"Alas, who  shall  now  retard  the  scythe  of  death? 
James  Purdy,  at  the  bridge  of  Twizel,  was  an 
excellent  old  man,  although  not  exempt  from 


diseases.  He  died  on  the  4th  day  of  December,  1752,. 
aged  81  years,  and,  together  with  Jane  his  wife  and 
Eleanor  his  granddaughter,  lies  under  this  stone. 
But,  passenger,  if  thou  hast  a  good  heart,  perhaps 
thou  mayest  live.  Samuel,  the  son  of  James,  sur- 
vives, and  is  healthy,  and  exercising  the  profession 
of  his  father,  under  his  paternal  roof.  If  thou 
seekest  health,  go  thither  !" — Berwickshire  Natu- 
ralists' Club,  v.  348. 

AYEAHR. 

WORKSOP    EPITAPHS. — In    the    Worksop' 
Churchyard    I    read    the    following    curious 
bits  of  pietistic  doggerel.     They  may  deserve 
to  be  recorded  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  : — 

1.  A  sudden  change  I  in  a  moment  fell, 

I  had  not  time  to  bid  my  friends  farewell. 
Think  this  not  strange  :  death  happens  unto  all : : 
This  day  was  mine  ;  to-morrow  you  may  fall. 

2.  How  mortal  fond  of  life  us  poor  sinners  be  ! 
How  few  who  sees  my  grave  would  change  with- 

me! 

But,  sinner  reader,  tel  me  which  is  best — 
A  tiresome  journey,  or  a  traveller's  rest  ? 

The  last  line  appealed  very  strongly  to  me~. 
Possibly  he  also  was  "  a  bagman.'* 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

EPITAPH  WITH  POSTSCRIPT. — In  Ryton 
Churchyard  (co.  Durham)  there  is  a  tomb- 
stone which  is  probably  unique,  as  a 
mistake  has  been  made,  and  a  correction 
in  the  form  of  a  postscript  has  been  added' 
on  the  base,  thus  : — 

James    Hutchiiison,    who  died  in 1832 

married  at  Hampstead 1808. 

P.S.  After  Hampstead  read  October  15. 

R.  B— R. 
South  Shields. 


THE  REV.    GEORGE   PLAXTON; 
(Concluded  from  p.  424.) 

IN  the  second  volume  of  *  Hearne's  Collec- 
tions '  (Oxford  Hist.  Soc.,  vol.  vii.  p.   331) 
is  a  note  of  a  letter  dated  28  Dec.,   1709,. 
from   Thoresby    to    Hearne,    in    which    the 
former  "  hopes  Mr.  Nevile  received  his  letter 
with  Mr.  Plaxton's  waggish  verses  "  ;    and 
under    date    of    2    Jan.,    1710/11    (p.    333),. 
Hearne  writes  down  six 

"  verses  by  Mr.  Plaxton  occasion'd  by  a  certain 
stingy,  miserly,  irreligious  Person  of  Leeds  in  York- 
shire's selling  his  Vote  for  a  good  round  sum  of 
money." 

The  third  and  fourth  volumes  also  contain 
references  to  Plaxton  (ibid.,  vol.  xiii.  pp.  140, . 
333,  364  ;  vol.  xxxiv.  pp.  184,  207,  218,  382, 
396-7),  most  of  which  are  in  letters  written 
by  Thoresby  to  Hearne.  From  these  we 
learn  that  he  was  a  most  enthusiastic  anti- 
quary, who  subscribed  both  to  Leland's 
'  Itinerary,'  edited  by  Hearne  in  1710-12, . 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  i9os. 


and  to  Leland's  '  Collectanea,'  edited  by 
Hearne  in  1715.  On  4  July,  1713,  Plaxton 
wrote  to  Hearne,  complimenting  him  on 
his  industry  and  public  spirit,  saying  that 
he  was  a  constant  subscriber  to  Hearne' s 
works,  and  mentioning  his  neighbour  Mr. 
Thoresby  of  Leeds.  On  26  July,  Hearne 
acknowledged  this  appreciative  letter  with 
gratification.  In  August,  1714,  Hearne 
wrote  twice  to  Thoresby  explaining  that 
Mr.  Plaxton' s  name  would  have  to  be  omitted 
from  the  printed  list  of  subscribers  to  Le- 
land's '  Collectanea,'  as  he  had  not  sent 
him  his  first  subscription.  From  Plaxton' s 
letter  to  Hearne  of  7  March,  1714/15,  to 
which  I  have  already  referred,  it  appears, 
however,  that  absence  at  Trentham  was 
responsible  for  this  omission  ;  and,  not 
knowing  what  to  pay,  he  sent  ten  shillings 
by  the  bearer  of  the  letter,  who  was  to  pay 
any  further  sum  due. 

In  the  seventh  volume  (ibid.,  vol.  xlviii. 
p.  189)  is  given  the  following  note  made 
by  the  indefatigable  Hearne  on  Sunday, 
20  Nov.,  1720:— 

"  About  half  a  year  since,  died  of  a  good  old  age 
the  Reverend  Mr.  George  Plaxton,  a  Cambridge 
Man.  He  was  a  very  ingenious  Man  and  a  good 
Scholar.  He  loved  Antiquities.  He  lived  of  late 
years  much  at  my  Ld  Gower's." 

In  Whitaker's  account  of  Barwick  ( 'Loidis 
and  Elmete,'  1816,  p.  153)  is  a  reference 
to  Thoresby 's  "  friend  Mr.  Plaxton,  who, 
falling  into  pecuniary  difficulties,  withdrew 
into  the  south  of  England,  where  he  died."* 
The  exact  date  or  place  of  his  death, f  or 
of  his  burial,  has  not  been  traced.  His  will 
was  not  proved  at  Lichfield,  and  there  are 
no  Plaxton  wills  in  P.C.C.  between  1716  and 
1736.J  Possibly  his  will  may  be  at  York. 

Mr.  Colman  quotes  two  letters  of  Plaxton' s 
preserved  in  the  British  Museum  (Add.  MSS. 
4275-6),  addressed  to  a  York  watchmaker, 
whom  he  sends  for  repair  a  watch  that  had 
been  given 

"  to    a    Popish  priest,   who    sold    her,    or   rather 
exchanged  her,  for  a  Snush  Box  to  a  Socinian,  who 

vnr^f.  VIOT>  r\£  4-r\   o    TJ  n  Y-\  -f  i  o  4-   4'/-\v>   n    4'<-»  4-   TJ-nll'r*   *-v<-*™  A  t'4-,,,. 


rapt  her  of  to  a  Baptist  for  a  fat  Bull's 
that  a  Church  of  England  Protestant 


g.      After 

. ought  her 

for  20  loads  of  Blendings.     Since  that  she  has  been 
at  School  with  a  Quaker.    So  that  she  has  been  at 


*  He  did  not,  however,  resign  the  living  of 
Barwick. 

t  Mr.  Colman  says  that  his  successor  was  not 
instituted  until  25  March,  1721,  so  that  the  living 
must  have  been  vacant  nearly  a  year. 

t  There  are,  however,  two  admons.  :  one  of 
William  Plaxton,  of  foreign  parts,  dated  Oct., 
1718  ;  and  the  other,  dated  April,  1736,  of  George 
Plaxton,  late  of  the  island  of  Barbados,  but 
deceased  at  Salem,  in  New  England,  the  grant 
being  to  his  brother,  William  Plaxton,  Esq. 


the  Mass-house,  Meeting  Place,  Cathedral  and 
place  of  silent  worship." 

The  second  letter  is  couched  in  the  same 
vein.  Mr.  Colman  says  that  Plaxton  wrote 
some  humorous  political  compositions,  the 
best  known  being  an  electioneering  squib, 
'  The  Yorkshire  Horse  Racers,'  and  naturally 
is  inclined  to  attribute  to  him  '  The  Loyal 
Speech  of  G.  Plaxtone  upon  the  Proclama- 
tion of  King  James  II.,'  published  in  London 
in  1685  (copy  in  British  Museum).  His 
name,  Mr.  Colman  mentions,  occurs  among 
the  lists  of  subscribers  to  Strype's  '  Parker,' 
to  Walker's  '  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy,'  and 
Thoresby' s  '  Ducatus  Leodiensis.'  Accord- 
ing, to  the  last  work  (ed.  Whitaker,  1816, 
p.  234)  Plaxton  contemplated  a  history  of 
Barwick, 

"  and  as  the  Parochians  are  happy  in  his  Preaching 
and  Prayers  on  the  Week  L)ays,  and  Monthly 
Communications,  to  which  ancient  custom  he  has 
happily  reduced  them  ;  so  the  Republick  of  Letters 
will  be  advanced  by  his  design'd  History." 

Thoresby  describes  him  as  "  what  is  too 
rare,"  resident  at  Barwick,  "  being  the  first 
[rector]  that  has  been  so  of  many  Ages." 
Mr.  Colman  tells  me  that  the  oldest  Com- 
munion plate  at  Barwick  was  presented 
by  Plaxton,  on  the  chalice  being  inscribed, 
"  Sanguis  Christi  Fons  est  Vitae  ^Eternae 
Anno  Xti  1706  G.  Plaxton  Rect.,"  and  on 
the  paten,  "  Christus  est  Panis  Vitse."  The 
name  of  "  George  Plaxton,  R.  of  Barwick 
in  Elmet,  1714,"  occurs  on  the  fourth  bell  in 
Wolstanton  Church,  it  having  been  purchased, 
with  five  others,  from  Trentham  in  1767 
(P.  W.  L.  Adams's  'Wolstanton,'  1908,  p.  39). 

On  the  occasion  of  the  sale  of  the  library 
of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  from  Trentham 
Hall,  by  Messrs.  Sotheby, Wilkinson  &  Hodge, 
there  was  sold  on  21  Nov.,  1906,  a  copy  of 
John  Gower's  '  De  Confessione  Amantis/ 
1554,  bearing  the  inscription :  "  Sum  e 
Bibliotheca  Geo.  Plaxton  Rtrs.  D.  Donington 
&  Kynnardly,  Com.  Salop,  1697,"  and  con- 
taining a  short  pedigree  of  the  Gower  family 
written  by  him  (The  Eagle,  March,  1907, 
pp.  226-7).  Plaxton  evidently  acted  as  a 
kind  of  chaplain  or  librarian  at  Trentham  ;* 


The  original  contributor  of  Plaxton's  letter 
about  Michael  Johnson  to  The  Gent.  Mag.  for  Oct., 
L791,  described  the  writer  as  "Chaplain  at  that 
;ime  to  Lord  Gower";  while  one  W.  EL,  writing 
to  the  same  magazine  in  1829  (part  ii.  p.  98)  to 
defend  the  authenticity  of  the  letter,  says  that 
"  Mr.  Plaxton  was  domestic  chaplain  to  the  grand- 
;ather  of  the  present  Marquis  of  Stafford,  and,  as 
was  the  custom  in  those  days,  resided  with  his 
Datron  at  Trentham."  Sotheby's  catalogue  says 
;hat  Plaxton  "appears  to  have  been  a  sort  of 
ibrarian  to  Sir  John  Leveson-Gower  of  Trentham." 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


but  whether  his  visits  were  at  all  regular, 
or  simply  spasmodic,  there  seems  nothing  to 
indicate.  He  wrote  a  letter  from  Trentham 
on  28  Aug.,  1701  (Gent.  Mag.,  1791,  part  ii. 
p.  893).  As  I  showed  in  my  book  (p.  258), 
Shaw,  the  Staffordshire  historian,  described 
Plaxton  as 

"an  ingenious  antiquary  and  natural  historian,  as 
appears  from  his  writings  in  the  Phil.  Transact. 
and  his  MSS.  relating  to  this  county  at  Trentham." 

Plaxton  and  his  family  made  gifts 
towards  Thoresby's  collection  of  antiquities 
( 'Musseum  Thoresbyanum,'  ed.  Whitaker, 
1816,  passim). 

The  Sheriffhales  register  records  the 
marriage,  on  29  Sept.,  1677,  of  "  Mr.  George 
Plaxton  and  Mrs.  Alice  Perratt  "  (informa- 
tion of  the  Rev.  A.  T.  Michell).  The  bride 
was  Alice,  daughter  of  Abraham  Perrot, 
gent.  (Thoresby's  '  Ducatus  Leodiensis,' 
ed.  Whitaker,  p.  258).  She  died  in  1709, 
having  had  issue  : — 

1.  William  Plaxton,  born  16  Dec.,   1678, 
at  6  A.M.,  at  Sheriffhales,  and  bapt.  26  Dec. 
('Donington    Register,'    p.    88).     Thoresby 
describes   him   as    "  of   the   Temple."     The 
register  of  the  Temple  Church  records  that 
"  William  Plaxton,   esq.,  a  Member  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  was  buried  in  the  rounds  on 
Monday,  September  23rd,  1745  "  (The  Eagle, 
as  before,  p.  228).     The  Rev.  A.  T.  Michell, 
F.S.A..  of  Sheriffhales,  tells  me  that 

"a  William  Plaxton,  whom  I  take  to  be  George's 
son,  was  still  in  this  neighbourhood  about  the  year 
1722,  after  his  father's  death,  and  had  inherited  his 
father's  antiquarian  tastes.  I  have  seen  some  notes 
of  his,  taken  apparently  from  MSS.  in  the  Trent- 
ham  muniment  room.  Bat  I  have  no  means  of  dis- 
covering in  what  capacity  he  was  able  to  get  at 
these  records." 

2.  George  Plaxton,   born   16  Dec.,    1681, 
at  Sheriffhales,  and  bapt.  28  Dec.  ('  Doning- 
ton  Register,'   p.    88).     Thoresby  describes 
him    as    "  of    London,"   where,  as  already 
shown,  the  antiquary  possibly  met  him. 

3.  John  Plaxton,  born  12 'March,  1683/4, 
at  Sheriffhales,  and  "  bapt.  the  same  night, 
being  weak  "  (ibid.,  p.  88).     He  matriculated 
at  Oxford  from    Corpus  Christi  College  on 
3  Nov.,  1702,  aged  seventeen  (?),  and  became 
B.A.  in  1706  (Foster's  '  Alumni  Oxonienses  '). 
He  took  Holy  Orders.     As  already  related, 
Thoresby   heard   him   preach   on    13    Sept., 
1713.     No  doubt  he  was  the  John  Plaxton, 
Rector     of     Sutton-upon-Derwent,     Yorks, 
whose    eldest    son,    William    Plaxton,    was 
admitted  to  the  Inner  Temple  on  11  Nov., 
1743  (The  Eagle,  as  before,  p.  228). 

4.  Charles  Plaxton,  born  3  Feb.,  1690/91, 
at    Donington,    and    bapt.    there    3    March 
('  Donington  Register,'  pp.  52,  88).     He  is 


not   mentioned   in  Thoresby's  pedigree,    so 
probably  died  young. 

(1)  Jane    Plaxton,    born    11    Dec.,    1679, 
at    Sheriffhales,    and    died    15    Sept.,    1685 
(ibid.,  p.  88). 

(2)  Anastasia     Plaxton,     born     4     April, 
1686,    Easter    Day,    at    Sheriffhales    (ibid., 
p.  88).     She  married  Thomas  Perrot,  M.A., 
Prebendary  of  Ripon,  Rector  of  Welbury, 
N.  Riding,  and  of  St.  Martin-in-Micklegate. 
York,  one  of   nineteen  children  of  Andrew 
Perrot     of     York     (Thoresby's      'Ducatus 
Leodiensis,'  1816,  pp.  72,  258;  and  'D.N.B.'), 
and,     according    to     Thoresby,     had    issue 
George,    Andrew,    and    Anastasia,    Andrew 
being   described   as  Vicar   of   Bramham   in 
1743.     George  Perrot  (1710-80),  said  to  be 
the  second  son,  rose  to  be  a  baron  of  the 
Exchequer  ;    he  wras  condemned  by  Horace 
Walpole  as  "  servile  "  ('  D.N.B.'). 

(3)  Ann.  Plaxton,  born  6  April,   1688,  at 
Sheriffhales.     Thoresby's  pedigree  shows  her 
alive  in  1714. 

I  doubt  if  Plaxton  can  rank  as  an  "  omis- 
sion "  from  the  '  D.N.B.,'  for  he  seems  to 
have  belonged  rather  to  the  race  of  unpro- 
ductive enthusiasts.  But  his  friendship 
with  Thoresby  endows  him  with  some 
interest ;  while  his  enthusiasm,  his  sim- 
plicity of  character,  and  his  courage, 
leavened  with  a  humour  in  which  there 
was  no  gall,  render  him  a  figure  far  from 
unattractive.  ALEYN  LYELL  READE. 

Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    CHRISTMAS. 

(Continued  from  10  S.  viii.  485.) 
TWENTY-THIRD  LIST. 

JOHN  DAVIES,  '  Civil  Warres,'  1661,  p.  6, 
mentions  the  "  many  scandalous  and  sedi- 
tious pamphlets  "  in  which  the  Puritans  of 
the  time  of  Charles  I.  "  condemn  the  hos- 
pitality which  ancient  custom  taught  the 
gentry  of  these  nations  to  use  at  Christmas, 
and  other  festivals." 

An  Hymn  on  the  Nativity  of  My  Saviour. — 
4  stanzas.  In  Ben  Jon  son's  '  Underwoods,'  1640 ; 
ed.  Cornwall,  1838,  p.  688 ;  ed.  Robert  Bell,  p.  122. 

Eboracum.  By  Francis  Drake.  1736.— Contains 
notes  on  Christmas,  p.  71. 

The  Christmas  Box,  or  New  Year's  Gift.— Wood- 
cuts (about  1820). 

The  Christmas  Fete,  a  Literary  and  Musical 
Offering  for  1836.  By  W.  Kirby.— Frontispiece,  4to. 

Christmas  and  Christmas  Carols.  With  an  intro- 
duction by  John  Fuller  Russell.  Illustrated.  Lon- 
don, Sharpe,  1846. 

Christmas  Past.  In  Harper's  New  Monthly 
Magazine,  vol.  Ixx.  pp.  1-17,  with  illustrations, 
December,  1884. 


•506 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  iocs. 


The  Nativity  in  Art. — In  Harper's  New  Monthly 
Magazine,  vol.  Ixxii.  pp.  1-16,  with  illustrations, 
December,  1885. 

A  Book  of  Christmas  Carols,  pictured  by  Members 
of  the  Birmingham  Art  School.  1906. 

The  Magi:  How  they  recognized  Christ's  star. 
By  Lieut. -Col.  G.  Mackinlay.  Preface  by  Prof.  Sir 
W.  M.  Ramsay.  1907. 

Chateau  and  Country  Life  in  France.  By  Mary 
King  Waddington.  1908. — Art.  vi.  is  '  Christmas  in 
•the  Valois,'  pp.  200-28). 

Holly,  Yew,  and  Box.  With  notes  on  other  ever- 
greens. By  W.  Dallimore  and  Thomas  Moore. 
1908. 

Four  Excellent  Carols  for  Christmas  Holidays. 
Lancaster,  n.d. 

W.  C.  B. 

THE  FIFTEEN  O's. — There  are  notes  on 
the  Fifteen  O's  in  '  Visitations  of  Churches 
belonging  to  St.  Paul's,'  Camd.  Soc.,  p.  Iv. 
One  of  them  was  "  O  Jesu  heuenly  leche  "  ; 
and  in  '  The  Life  of  Merlin,'  p.  170,  He  is 
addressed  as  "  most  wholsome  leech." 
In  the  '  Obedientiars  of  Abingdon,'  Camd. 
Soc.,  we  have  O  Radix  Jesse,  O  Oriens, 
O  Rex  Gentium,  and  O  Emmanuel,  pp.  7, 
-53,  62,  75,  86,  105.  W.  C.  B. 

BOY-BISHOP.  (See  10  S.  viii.  484.)— 
Thomas  Rotherham,  Archbishop  of  York, 
by  his  will,  proved  in  1500,  left  to  his  College 
of  Jesus  at  Rotherham  a  mitre  of  cloth  of 
gold,  having  two  knops  of  silver  enamelled 
for  the  use  of  the  "  barnes-bishop  "  ('  Testa- 
menta  Eboracensia,'  iv.  142).  W.  C.  B. 

CHRISTMAS  AT  SELBY  ABBEY,  1397. — 
In  the  account  roll  of  Selby  Abbey  are 
many  entries  of  rewards  given  to  persons 
bringing  gifts  to  the  abbot  and  convent 
at  Christmas,  1397,  from  St.  Thomas's  Day 
to  the  Epiphany — a  swan,  eels,  fish,  part- 
ridges, and  two  hounds  ;  and  also  to  many 
minstrels,  four  coming  from  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  four  from  the  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land, two  from  Selby,  one  from  the  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  and  one  other  (Yorksh.  Archceol. 
Jowrvxv.  411-12).  W.  C.  B. 

MISTLETOE. — 

Upon  the  oak,  the  plumb-tree,  and  the  holme, 
The  stockdove  and  the  blackbird  should  not  come 
Whose  mooting  on  those  trees  does  make  to  grow 
Rots  curing  hyphear,  and  the  mistletoe. 

W.  Browne,  '  Britannia's  Pastorals,'  1613 
Book  I.  song  i. 

A  bath  for  horses'  lega  : — 

"Take of  the  leaves  and  berryes  of  Missletow 

three  or  foure  good  handfuls, boyle  all  these 

together  untill  all  the  hearbes  and  Missletow 
Become  soft/'— T.  de  Gray,  'Compleat  Horseman,' 
1639,  p.  85  ;  again,  for  a  "poultesse,"  p.  250. 


"Pride  is  a  weed  that  will  grow  out  of  any 
ground  (like  Misseltoe,  that  will  grow  upon  any 
tree,  but  for  the  most  part  upon  the  best,  the  oak).'" 
— C.  Ness,  '  History  and  Mystery,'  1690,  i.  304. 

W.  C.  B. 

INSCRIPTION  OVER  HALL  DOOR. — 

Pax  intrantibus, 
Salus  exieuntibus, 
Benedictio 
Habitantibus. 

The  above  I  copied  recently  at  Holmhurst, 
St.-Leonards-on-Sea,  the  residence  of  the 
well-known  writer  the  late  Augustus  J.  C. 
Hare.  CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

WATCH  INSCRIPTION. — It  may  be  of 
interest  to  some  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  to 
learn  of  a  curious  inscription,  which  was 
printed  inside  the  outer  case  of  a  watch 
of  the  usual  warming-pan  type,  which  I  was 
proud  to  possess  as  a  little  boy.  The  in- 
scription ran  as  follows  : — 

There  are 

fabricated  &  renovated 

traquiliac  horologies  portable 

or  permanent  linguaculous  or 

taciturnal  whose  circumgirations 

are  performed  by  internal 

spiral  elastic  or  extensive 

pendulous  plumbages 

diminutive  simple  or  compound 

invested  with  aurant 

integument. 

The  watch  was  made  in  Nottingham,  and 
I  understood  from  my  grandmother  that 
this  inscription  was  also  placed  over  the 
shop  door. 

Is  it  a  parody  of,  or  a  genuine  instance 
of,  the  absurd  Latinizing  of  the  language 
in  vogue  at  the  time  ? 

FREDK.  W.  MANSON. 

LEG  GROWING  AFTER  DEATH. — Here  is  a 
story  for  Christmas  from  '  Illios '  (pp.  2,  3), 
by  Dr.  H.  Schliemann  : — 

"  There  was  a  legend  that  the  castle  [of  Anker  s- 
hagen]  had  once  been  inhabited  by  a  robber  knight 
of  the  name  of  Henning  von  Holstein,  popularly 
called  'Henning  Bradenkirl,'  who  was  dreaded  over 
the  whole  country,  for  he  plundered  and  sacked 
wherever  he  could.  But  to  his  vexation  the  Duke 
of  Mecklenburg  gave  safe-conducts  to  many  of  the 
merchants  who  had  to  pass  by  his  castle.  Wishing 
to  wreak  vengeance  on  the  duke,  Henning  begged 
him  to  do  him  the  honour  of  a  visit.  The  duke 
accepted  the  invitation,  and  came  on  the  appointed 
day  with  a  large  retinue.  But  a  cowherd  who  was 
cognizant  of  Henning's  design  to  murder  his  guest 
hid  himself  in  the  underwood  on  the  roadside, 

behind  a  hill and  lay  in  wait  for  the  duke,  to 

whom  he  disclosed  his  master's  murderous  intention, 
and  the  duke  accordingly  returned  instantly.  The 
hill  was  said  to  have  derived  its  present  name 
1  Wartensberg '  or  '  Watch-mount '  from  the  event. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


507 


Henning,  having  found  out  that  his  design  had  been 
frustrated  by  the  cowherd,  in  revenge  fried  the 
man  alive  in  a  large  iron  pan,  and  gave  him,  when 
he  was  dying,  a  last  kick  with  his  left  foot.  Soon 
after  this  the  duke  came  with  a  regiment  of  soldiers, 
laid  siege  to  the  castle,  and  captured  it.  When 
Henning  saw  that  there  was  no  escape  for  him,  he 
packed  all  his  treasures  in  a  box  and  buried  it  close 
to  the  round  tower  in  his  garden,  the  ruins  of  which 
are  still  standing,  and  he  then  committed  suicide. 
A  long  line  of  flat  stones  in  our  churchyard  was 
said  to  mark  the  malefactor's  grave,  from  which  for 
•centuries  his  left  leg  used  to  grow  out,  covered  with 
a  Mack  silk  stocking.  Nay,  both  the  sexton  Prange 
and  the  sacristan  Wollert  swore  that  when  boys 
they  had  themselves  cut  off  the  leg  and  used  its 
bone  to  knock  down  pears  from  the  trees ;  but  at 
the  beginning  of  the  present  century  [the nineteenth] 
the  leg  had  suddenly  stopped  growing  out.  In  my 
childish  simplicity,  I  of  course  believed  all  this ; 
nay,  I  often  begged  my  father  to  excavate  the  tomb 
or  to  allow  me  to  excavate  it,  in  order  to  see  why 
the  foot  no  longer  grew  out." 

Dr.  Schliemann  adds  in  a  foot-note  that 
one  of  Henning' s  legs — even  one  of  these 
left  legs,  if  I  read  aright — had  been  buried 
before  the  altar,  and,  "  strange  to  say,  when, 
some  years  ago,  the  church  of  Ankershagen 
was  being  repaired^  a  single  leg-bone  was 
found  at  a  small  depth  "  on  that  very  spot. 

I  do  not  recollect  any  other  example  of 
the  same  kind  of  post-mortem  growth. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

KING'S  '  CLASSICAL  AND  FOREIGN  QUOTA- 
TIONS.' (See  10  S.  ii.  231,  351  ;  iii.  447  ; 
vii.  24;  ix.  107,  284,  333;  x.  126.)— No. 
5045  (among  the  '  Adespota  ')— 

Festinare  nocet,  nocet  et  cunctatio  ssepe  ; 

Tempore  quseque  suo  qui  facit,  ille  sapit. 
This  couplet  is  i.  15  in  Joachim  Camerarius 
the  younger' s  *  Symbolorum  et  Emblematum 
Centurise  Quatuor,'  the  emblem  being  a 
mulberry  tree  with  the  motto  "  Cunctando 
proficit."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

"  TH'  OWD  LAD  "=  THE  DEVIL.— Country 
folk  are  queer  folk  for  the  most  part,  or 
were  so  when  I  was  a  lad  amongst  them. 
You  never  heard  any  one  say  "  th'  devil "  : 
it  was  always  "  th'  owd  lad."  There  was  a 
general  idea  or  belief  that  if  any  one  said 
*'  the  devil  "  in  a  passionate  way  he  would 
a,t  once  appear,  the  results  being  startling 
and  serious,  so  everybody  said  "  th'  owd  lad  " 
or  "the  devil"  in  a  whisper.  This  is  as  old 
as  I  remember.  "  Th'  owd  lad 's  after  yer," 
**  Th'  owd  lad  will  hev  yer,"  were  common 
expressions.  Some  of  the  older  people 
declared  they  had  seen  him,  always  with 
a  long  tail  switching,  and  carrying  "  a 
prong  fork  "  ;  but  none  spoke  of  him  except 
as  "  th'  owd  lad."  There  were  two  in  par- 


ticular— "  Yance"  a  woman,  and  "Jimmy," 
a  man — who  were  said  to  have  regular 
dealings  with  "  th'  owd  lad,"  and  were  up 
to  all  sorts  "  o'  maukin'."  Jimmy,  indeed, 
was  known  to  have  had  several  turns  with 
"  th'  owd  lad,"  and  Nancy,  when  it  was 
stormy,  rode  the  "  broomstick,"  otherwise 
they  seemed  harmless  people,  except  for 
language  and  drinking. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

"  LESE  -  MAJESTE  "  :  "  REPUBLIC."  • 
'  N.  &  Q.'  has  sometimes  dealt  incidentally 
with  early  use  in  the  French  and  Eng- 
lish tongues  of  the  word  "  Republic  "  for 
Monarchy  or  Empire,  as,  for  example,  in 
the  case  of  the  Imperialist  invasion  of  France 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  when 
Toulon  was  described  by  French  writers  as 
the  rampart  of  "la  Republique,"  meaning 
the  French  kingdom. 

A  double  modernity  of  language  may  be 
found  by  some  in  a  phrase  worth  noting, 
even  though  the  words  associated  with 
"  Republic  "  are  as  respectable,  and  almost 
as  ancient,  in  French  at  least.  Paradin 
in  his  '  Annales  de  Bourgongne,'  writing  in 
the  sixteenth  century,  relates  events  early 
in  the  fifteenth,  and  describes  the  conduct 
of  Shakespeare's  Duke  of  Orleans  in  reference 
to  the  struggle  between  King  Richard  of 
England  and  Henry  of  Lancaster.  Paradin 
also  censures  Orleans  for  resistance  to  the 
Crown  of  France :  "  Le  Due  d' Orleans 
avoit  commis  crime  de  lese  majeste  contre 
la  Republique."  L.  M.  R. 

CLARET.  ^(See  8  S.  xii.  485,  512  ;  9  S.  i. 
52;  ii.  156,  433.)— In  Paradin' s  'Savoy' 
there  is  described  the  visit  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  IV.  to  Count  Ame  at  Chambery, 
and  the  banquet  where  the  meats  (viandes) 
were  gilt  (dorees)  and  a  fountain  played 
with  "  vin  blanc  et  cleret."  This  use, 
apparently  for  red  wine,  is  rare,  though 
not  unique.  Paradin,  as  mentioned  above, 
wrote  in  the  sixteenth  century,  but  some- 
times followed  the  words  of  earlier  chroniclers. 

It  has  already  been  stated  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
that  the  modern  use  of  the  term  in  the  South 
of  France  confines  it,  in  the  form  of 
"  clairet,"  to  the  clear  or  light  red  wine 
made  of  the  mixed  grapes.  It  has  also  been 
explained  by  one  of  your  correspondents 
that  the  mediaeval  use  of  the  term  implied 
a  wine  treated  with  sugar  and  spice.  The 
"  fountain "  seems  to  negative  the  latter 
meaning  in  the  case  cited  from  Paradin. 

C.  I.  P. 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 


(Qimits. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


CHRISTMAS  DAY  AND  LADY  DAY. — Why 
do  we  celebrate  the  festival  of  the  Nativity 
on  25  December,  and  the  festival  of  the 
Annunciation  on  25  March  ?  Which  date 
determined  the  other  ?  In  the  history  of 
the  Church  calendar  which  holy  day  pre- 
ceded the  other  ?  Was  25  December  first 
celebrated  as  the  date  of  the  Nativity,  thus 
becoming  the  starting-point  from  which 
was  reckoned  the  festival  of  the  Annuncia- 
tion ?  or  was  the  latter  the  starting-point 
for  reckoning  the  date  of  the  Nativity  ?  To 
this  interesting  question  scholars  give  with 
equal  confidence  opposite  answers  : — 

1.  On  the  one  hand,   historical  evidence 
is  produced  (for  instance,  in  the  '  Dictionary 
of  Christian  Antiquities  ')  that  in  the  last 
quarter  of  the  fourth  century  the  festival 
of  the  Nativity  was  celebrated  on  25  Decem- 
ber, taking  the  place  of  the  Roman  festival 
of  the  Brumalia  or  the  Natalis  Invicti  [Solis], 
three    centuries    before    there    is    any    clear 
evidence   of  the   celebration  of  the  festival 
of  the  Annunciation. 

2.  On  the   other   hand,   it   is  maintained 
by    many    scholars    (for    instance,    by    the 
learned  Bollandist   Father  Delehaye  in  his 
interesting  little  book  '  Les  Legendes  Hagio- 
graphiques,'  p.  204)  that  the  Roman  festival 
Natalis  Invicti,  celebrated  on  25  December, 
had  nothing  to  do  with  the  choice  of  that 
day    for    the    feast    of    the    Nativity.     The 
date  of  this  festival  was  determined  by  the 
date    of    the    festival    of  the  Annunciation, 
25  March,  which  was   also  supposed  to  be 
the    date    of    the    death    of    our    Lord.     M. 
Delehaye  maintains  that   this  view,   which 
makes    the    cycle    of    the    festivals    of    the 
infancy  of  Christ  to  depend  on  the  Easter 
festival,  is  certainly  earlier  and  much  more 
probable  than  the   other,  which  rests  only 
upon  an  ingenious  rapprochement. 

I  wonder  if  any  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
can  contribute  historical  evidence  upon  a 
matter  which  at  this  season  of  the  year 
cannot  be  said  to  be  without  interest. 

A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

Oxford. 

MILTON  :  PORTRAIT  AS  A  BOY. — I  have 
an  engraving  purporting  to  be  a  portrait  of 
John  Milton  at  the  age  of  twelve,  painted 
by  F.  Newenham,  Esq.,  engraved  by  Henry 


Cousins,  and  published  by  H.  Graves  &  Co.,. 
6,  Pall  Mall.  The  original  picture  is  said 
to  be  in  the  possession  of  the  Provost  of 
Eton  College.  There  is  no  date  given.  I 
cannot  suppose  it  genuine,  as  it  bears  no  sort 
of  resemblance  to  the  Janssen  portrait 
of  Milton  at  ten  years  old,  and  I  have  never 
seen  it  mentioned  anywhere.  Can  any 
correspondent  inform  me  as  to  its  origin  ? 

C.  S.  JERRAM. 

'  FOLKESTONE  FIERY  SERPENT.' — What  i& 
the  origin  of  the  above  ballad  ?  I  have  a 
copy  dated  1852,  published  by  T.  Rigden, 
Dover,  the  full  title  being  : — 

The  Folkestone  Fiery  Serpent ; 

Together  with  the 

Humours  of  the  Dover  Mayor ; 

Being  an  Ancient  Ballad  full  of  Mystery 

and  Pleasant  Conceit. 
Now  first  collected  and  printed  from  the  various 

MS.  copies 
in  the  possession  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the 

South-East  coast  of  Kent. 
With  Notes  by  a  "  Wise  Man  of  the  East." 

It  consists  of  two  cantos,  comprising  ninety- 
two  verses,  and  begins  : — 

Good  luck  befall  our  gracious  King 

And  all  his  subjects  bold  ! 
The  tale  I  'm  going  now  to  sing 
Is  true  as  e'er  was  told. 

In  Folkestone  town  some  years  ago, 

As  honest  tales  relate, 
A  wond'rous  animal  arriv'd 

That  caus'd  a  great  debate. 

The  ballad  goes  on  to  state  that  this  "  won- 
d'rous animal "  settled  in  a  field  of  wheat, 
and  screamed  until  it  made  the  cliff  to 
echo  far  and  nigh.  The  Mayor  and  jurats 
proceeded  to  the  fray  : — 

The  sprat  nets  first  around  the  field 

They  spread  in  proper  row  ; 
And  then  they  shouted  "  Boat  a-hoy  !  " 

To  raise  the  fiery  foe. 

But  the  monster  flew  above  the    nets,  and 
many  plans  for  its  destruction    were  put  in 
execution     without    success.     At    last    they 
sent  for  the   advice   and  assistance   of    the 
Mayor  of  Dover.     After    much  consultation 
They  form'd  a  circle  round  the  field  ; 
First  march'd  the  men  with  guns  ; 
And  when  the  Serpent  they  drew  nigh, 
They  all  let  fly  at  once, 

and  then  ran  helter-skelter  into  the  town. 
Afterwards  scouts  were  sent  to  see  if  the 
Serpent  could  be  seen, 

When  low  upon  his  back  they  saw 

The  enemy  was  laid  : 
Tho'  dead  it  seem'd,  they  trembling  all 

T'  approach  it  were  afraid. 

Meanwhile  they  placed  a  cask  over  it,  and, 
peeping  through  the  bunghole,  the  Dover 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 1908.        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


509 


mayor  declared  that  the  Serpent  was 
nothing  but  a  large  peacock.  The  ballad 
then  concludes  : — 

The  story  through  the  country  ran, 

As  stories  always  do ; 
And  Turkey — Folkestone  town  was  called, 

And  Turks  the  men  so  true. 

The  men  of  Dover  to  some  fame 

Had  a  small  claim  at  least ; 
And  in  the  neighbourhood  were  called— 

The  wise  men  of  the  East. 
So  Heaven  protect  the  Folkestone  Turks, 

From  serpents  keep  them  free  ! 
And  when  another  monster  comes, 

May  I  be  there  to  see. 

I  notice  that  the  above  was  the  third 
edition,  so  that  it  was  published  earlier 
than  1852.  The  reference  to  "  The  Essex 
Serpent  "  in  recent  numbers  of  *  N-  &  Q.' 
(ante,  pp.  310,  376)  suggests  that  possibly 
at  some  period  Folkestone  was  visited  by 
a  sea-monster.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

NAMES  TERRIBLE  TO  CHILDREN. — In  many 
a  crisis  in  history  the  name  of  some  con- 
queror or  tyrant  has  been  used  to  still 
unruly  children.  I  am  conscious  of  having 
read  of  many  such,  but  not  having  the  fear 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  before  my  eyes,  I  failed  to  make 
the  necessary  notes,  and  now  plead  guilty 
in  an  apologetic  query.  Can  anybody  add 
to  my  brief  list,  and  give  serious,  not  mere 
farcical,  authorities  ? 

Tarquin. — Shakespeare,  '  Rape  of  Lu- 
crece  '  ('  Poems,'  ed.  R.  Bell,  p.  111). 

Black  Douglas,  1319.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
'  History  of  Scotland,'  1830,  i.  137. 

Hunniades,  1456. — Hallam,  *  Europe  during 
Middle  Ages,'  1872,  ii.  106. 

Marlborough. 

Napoleon  Bonaparte. 

Wellington.  W.  C.  B. 

FIELD  MEMORIALS  TO  SPORTSMEN. — I  am 
contributing  to  an  early  number  of  Baily's 
Magazine  of  Sports  and  Pastimes  an  illus- 
trated article  called  '  Field  Memorials  to 
Sportsmen.'  It  includes  the  following  : — 

1.  Speke's  memorial,  near  Box  (see  ante, 
p.  493). 

2.  Stone  commemorating  the  spot  where 
Capt.    "  Bay "   Middleton  was  killed  by  a 
fall  from  his  horse,  when  riding  in  a  steeple- 
chase, near  Kineton,  Warwickshire,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  Parliamentary  Steeplechase 
Meeting,  April,  1892. 

3.  Obelisk  on    Killiney  Hill,   co.   Dublin, 
commemorating  the  death  from  a  hunting 
accident    of    the    fourth    Duke    of    Dorset, 
14  Feb.,  1815. 


4.  Monumental    tomb    of    Capt.    Whyte- 
Melville  (killed  out  hunting,   near  Mamies  - 
bury,  5  Dec.,  1878)  in  Tetbury  Churchyard, 
Glos. 

5.  Rufus  Stone,  in  New  Forest. 

6.  Memorial    cross,    at    Brixworth,    near 
Northampton,   to   the   late   Lord   Chesham, 
killed    while    hunting    with    the    Pytchley 
hounds,    near    Daventry,     10    Nov.,     1907. 
This  memorial  was  unveiled  by  Lord  Annaly 
on  9  Oct.  last. 

Can  any  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  supplement 
this  list  ?  H.  G.  ARCHER. 

29,  Sussex  Gardens,  Hyde  Bark,  W. 

GAINSBOROUGH'S  WIFE. — In  all  the  bio- 
graphies of  Gainsborough  which  I  have 
read  there  has  always  been  a  doubt  as  to  the 
origin  of  Margaret  Burr,  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Gainsborough.  But  in  vol.  iii.  of  the  now 
defunct  Portfolio  a  well-known  writer  says, 
speaking  of  Gainsborough  and  his  wife  : — 

"  His  [Gainsborough's]  father  has  a  partner,  and 
that  partner  a  very  beautiful  daughter,  and  that 
daughter  an  annuity  of  £200  a  year  in  her  own 
right." 

Can  any  one  tell  me  what  foundation  there 
is  for  such  a  statement  ?  J.  G. 

JOANNA  SOUTHCOTT  AND  THE  BLACK  PIG. 
— I  remember  reading  that  the  followers 
of  Joanna  Southcott  in  the  course  of  their 
rites  usually  killed  a  small  black  pig  by 
beating  it  to  death  with  sticks,  the  women 
followers  each  bestowing  nine  blows  upon 
the  animal's  head.  The  dead  body  was 
then  burnt  to  cinders,  which  were  scattered 
about  and  trodden  under  foot.  This  rite 
was  enacted  in  the  woods,  or  at  any  rate 
in  covert-places.  Where  may  any  account 
of  this  procedure  be  found  ? 

THOS.  KATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

CARLYLE  ON  THE  GRIFFIN  :  HIPPOGRIFF. 
— May  I  call  attention  to  what  appears  to 
me  to  be  a  strange  slip  of  thought,  in  Car- 
lyle's  '  French  Revolution,'  Book  I.  chap.  iv.  ? 
In  his  description  of  the  death-bed  of  Louis 
he  writes  : — 

"  Wert  thou  a  fabulous  Griffin  devouring  the 
works  of  men  ;  daily  dragging  virgins  to  thy  cave  : 


clad  also  in  jscales  that  no  spear  would  pierce ;  no 
real." 


spear  but  Death's?   a    Griffin  not  fabulous,    but 


Now,  unless  I  am  altogether  wrong  in  my 
recollection,  this  description  does  not  apply 
to  the  griffin  at  all.  The  griffin  was  a 
fabulous  being  combining  the  natures  of  the 
lion  and  the  eagle,  having  the  strength  of  the 
one,  and  the  swiftness  and  vision  of  the 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  DEC.  sw, 1908. 


other.  It  did  not  devour  the  works  of  men, 
nor  drag  virgins  to  its  cave,  nor  was  it  clad 
in  scales. 

In  heraldry  the  griffin  is  a  symbol  of 
vigilance,  but  in  its  higher  symbolism  it  has 
reference  (since  at  least  the  time  of  Dante) 
to  Jesus  Christ.  In  a  note  to  the  vision  of 
the  griffin  in  '  Purg.,'  canto  xxix.,  Gary 
says  : — 

"  Under  the  Gryphon,  an  imaginary  creature, 
the  forepart  of  which  is  an  eagle,  and  the  hinder  a 
lion,  is  shadowed  forth  the  union  of  the  divine  and 
human  nature  in  Jesus  Christ." 

And  no  one  can  read  the  magnificent  de- 
scription of  the  griffin  in  Ruskin's  '  Modern 
Painters '  without  seeing  that  the  griffin 
was  the  reverse  of  a  power  of  evil.  I  sup- 
pose that  Carlyle  was  confusing  the  griffin 
with  the  dragon. 

May  I  ask  also  what  was  the  origin  of, 
and  what  the  symbolism  intended  by,  the 
hippogriff  ?  Lucis. 

"  OLD  KING  COLE." — Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  where  to  get  the  music  of  an 
old  version  of  the  above  nursery  rime,  in 
which  three  fiddlers,  tailors,  painters,  and 
cobblers  are  called  for  in  turn,  the  chorus 
lengthening  with  each  verse  ?  The  final 
verse  runs  as  follows  : — 

Old  King  Cole  was  a  merry  old  soul, 

And  a  merry  old  soul  was  he  ; 
He  called  for  his  pipe,  and  he  called  for  his  bowl, 

And  he  called  for  his  cobblers  three. 
Chorus : — 

;  Bore  a  hole  in  the  sole,"  said  the  cobbler  ; 
"  Work  it  up  and  down,"  said  the  brush  to  the 

painter ; 
"  Stitch  it  in  and  out,"  said  the  needle  to  the 

tailor ; 

"  Tweedle,  tweedle,  tweedle,"  said  the  bow  to  the 
fiddler, 

"  Tweedle,  tweedle,  tweedle,  twee." 

(Miss)  M.  MOOYAART. 

Uplowman  Rectory,  Tiverton,  Devon. 

JOHN  HOLLO  WAY,  M.P.  FOB  WALLINGFORD 
1685-7. — I  am  unable  with  certainty  to 
specify  his  precise  identity.  Sir  Richard 
Holloway,  Kt.,  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench, 
1683-8,  had  a  son  John  who  matriculated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  28  April, 
1676,  aged  fifteen,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  the  Inner  Temple  in  1682.  He  was 
buried  in  the  Temple  Church,  15  Feb. 
1720/21.  He  had  a  daughter  Anne,  who 
married  successively  Sir  Henry  Oxenden 
1st  Baronet  of  Dene  Court,  Kent,  and  after 
wards  Richard  Coote,  3rd  Earl  of  Bella 
mont ;  she  died  13  Feb.,  1723/4,  and  was 
buried  at  St.  Anne's,  Soho  (G.  E.  C.'s 
'Complete  Peerage').  I  think  that  this 


bhn  would  be  the  M.P.  ;  if  so,  who  was  his 
wife  ? 

But  there  were  no  fewer  than  three 
ther  contemporary  Johns,  any  one  of 
whom  might  have  been  the  Wallingford 
•epresentative.  Old  Serjeant  Holloway  (will 
dated  6  April,  1678 ;  proved  20  Jan., 
1679/80)  had,  besides  his  eldest  son  and 
leir  Charles,  a  second  son  John,  who  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  the  Inner  Temple  in 
1664,  but  who  in  some  way  had  given 
ffence  to  his  father,  who  in  his  will  directs 
lis  son  Charles  "to  be  kind  and  loving  to 
lis  brother  John  and  sister  Mary,  to  pass 
>y  in  remembrance  of  their  former  errors 
and  miscarriages,"  and  leaves  his  said  son 
John  51.  "  in  token  of  our  reconciliation.'* 
The  will  of  Alicia  Holloway,  widow  of  the 
Serjeant  (dated  28  April,  1684  ;  pr.  26  Jan., 
1684/5),  makes  no  mention  of  this  son 
John,  though  Mary  is  named. 

Two  other  Johns,  cousins  of  the*  foregoing 
— sons  respectively  of  Richard  Holloway 
of  Oxford  and  Thomas  Holloway  of  Bucks, 
the  first  and  fourth  sons  of  John  Holloway 
[died  1678),  the  younger  brother  of  the 
Serjeant — were  probably  also  living  at  the 
same  time.  As  these  were  aged  respectively 
eight  and  nineteen  in  1669,  they  would  both 
be  qualified  for  Parliamentary  service  in 
1685.  W.  D.  PINK. 

Lowton,  Newton-le-Willows. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
From  what  small  causes  great  events  do  oft  arise  ! 
I  am  not  sure  if  I  am  quoting  correctly, 
but  this  is  the  purport  of  the  passage  I  want 
to  find.  Lucis. 

["  What  great  events  from  little  causes  spring  !" 
is  another  rendering.] 

Where  can  I  find  the  following  quotation  ? 

Because  right  is  right,  to  follow  right 
Were  wisdom  in  the  scorn  of  consequence. 

JAMES  KNOX. 
[Tennyson's  '  (Enone,'  11.  147-8.] 

"Y-CALLED":  "Y-COLED." — The  quota- 
tion for  the  former  is  in  '  Piers  the  Plowman,' 
C.  xvii.  351,  where  it  means  provided  with 
a  calle,  kelle,  or  caul ;  but  I  find  no  such 
verb  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  I  couple  the  second 
word  on  the  possibility  of  its  having  a  like 
meaning.  Am  I  right  ?  It  occurs  in 
'  Kyng  Alisaunder  '  (Weber),  1.  2686  :— 

Foure  thousand  knyghtis,  and  mo  ; 

Wyght  of  mayn,  and  strong  of  bones, 

Y-coled  alle  for  the  nones. 

The  editor's  note  runs :     "  Y-coled,  armed  ; 
colla,  Sax.  [?],  a  helmet."  H.  P.  L. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


511 


"HE     WHICH     DRINKETH     WELL,"      &cO  -  1 

wish  to  know  where  the  following  is  to  be 
found  :'  — 

He  which  drinketh  well  sleepeth  well  ; 
He  which  sleepeth  well  thinketh  no  harm  ; 
He  which  thinketh  no  harm  is  a  good  man  ; 
Therefore  the  drunkard  is  a  good  man. 

It  is  quoted  in  '  Fixed  Stars,'  by  "  G.  Beau- 
mont, minister  of  the  gospel,"  printed  at 
Norwich,  1814.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 


THE    TENTH    WAVE. 

(10  S.  x.  445.) 

DISCUSSING-  the  slow,  if  steady  progress 
of  Christianity,  in  his  essay  on  '  The  Pagan 
Oracles,'  De  Quincey  says  that  "  the  prema- 
ture effort  of  Constantine  ought  to  be  re- 
garded as  a  mere  ftuctus  decumanus  in  the 
continuous  advance  of  the  new  religion." 
This  prompts  one  of  those  discursive  and 
entertaining  notes  in  which  the  author  was 
fond  of  indulging  when  he  came  to  read  his 
papers  over  for  final  publication.  The 
tenth  wave,  he  explains,  had  long  interested 
himself,  one  of  the  poorest  of  naturalists, 
"  and  thejate  Prof.  Wilson,  among  the  very 
best."  Several  times  they  tried  to  bring 
the  matter  to  the  proof  on  the  sands  at 
Portobello,  near  Edinburgh,  and  their  final 
experiment  is  thus  characteristically  de- 
scribed :'  — 

"  The  total  result  was  small  and  purely  negative. 
In  the  latter  trial  we  waited  and  watched  from  an 
early  stage  of  a  spring  tide  ;  but  the  answer  was 
none.  We  began  by  watching  for  a  wave  that 
should  seem  conspicuously  larger  than  its  fellows, 
and  then  counted  onwards  to  the  10th,  the  20th, 
the  30th,  and  so  on  to  the  100th  dated  from  that. 
But  we  never  could  detect  any  overruling  principle 
involving  itself  in  the  successive  swells  ;  and  the 
wind  continually  disturbed  any  tendency  that  we 
had  fancied  to  a  recurrent  law.  Southey's  brother, 
Tom,  a  lieutenant  in  the  navy,  whom  I  had  once 
asked  for  his  opinion  upon  the  question,  laughed, 
and  said  that  such  a  notion  must  have  come  from 
the  log  of  the  ship  Argo,  thus  raising  the  Professor, 
who  really  had  a  good  deal  of  nautical  skill,  and  my 
ignorant  self,  that  had  none  at  all,  to  the  rank  of 
Argonauts.  We,  however,  fancying  that  the  pheno- 
menon might  possibly  belong  to  tideless  waters, 
subsequently  tried  the  English  lakes,  some  of  which 
throw  up  very  respectable  waves  when  they  rise 
into  angry  moods.  The  Cumberland  lakes  of 
Bassenthwaite  and  Derwentwater  fell  to  my  share  ; 
Windermere,  Coniston,  and  Ulleswater  to  Professor 
Wilson.  But  the  issue  of  all  was  emptiness  and 
aerial  mockeries." 

The  note,  with  several  indispensable  sub- 
notes,  is  extended  over  six  pages  of  the 
volume  in  which  it  occurs,  the  writer's 


manifest  enjoyment  of  his  narrative  and 
discussion  being  one  of  the  features  that 
cannot  fail  to  prove  attractive  to  the  dis- 
criminating reader.  One  regrets  that  the 
scene  on  Portobello  beach  does  not  live  in 
an  adequate  pictorial  illustration.  Christo- 
pher North  and  the  English  Opium-Eater 
jointly  and  zealously  struggling  to  verify 
the  tradition  of  the  ftuctus  decumanus  would 
have  provided  a  worthy  artist  with  an 
uncommonly  fine  theme  for  the  exercise 
of  his  best  quality.  As  it  is,  there  is  the 
pleasantly  devious  and  illuminating  note, 
which,  it  may  be  added,  quaintly  supple- 
ments a  sound  and  suggestive  disquisition. 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

The  oldest  and  best-known  tradition  cer- 
tainly gives  the  tenth  wave  credit  for  being 
bigger  and  stronger  than  the  preceding 
nine,  although  there  are  other  theories 
known.  Sir  Thomas  Browne  descants  upon 
the  subject  in  his  '  Vulgar  Errors,'  and  de- 
clares that  the  notion  is  evidently  false  ; 
"  nor  can  it  be  made  out,"  he  continues, 
"  by  observation,  either  upon  the  shore, 
or  the  ocean ;  as  we  have  with  diligence 
explored  both."  Other  diligent  observers 
have  come  to  a  contrary  conclusion.  Per- 
haps the  oddest  example  of  the  prevalence 
of  this  old  belief  is  to  be  found  in  the  bur- 
lesque inventory  of  the  "  properties "  of 
Christopher  Rich,  manager  of  Drury  Lane 
Theatre,  which  appears  in  an  early  number 
of  Steele's  Tatler.  Among  the  very  miscel- 
laneous assortment  of  "  props  "  catalogued 
there  appear  the  following  :  "  Three  bottles 
and  a  half  of  lightning. ...  A  sea  consisting 
of  a  dozen  large  waves,  the  tenth  bigger 
than  ordinary,  and  a  little  damaged."  Steele 
evidently  credited  Rich  with  a  sharp  eye 
for  stage  realism. 

The  idea  of  a  great  tenth  wave  crops  up 
in  unexpected  places.  Burke,  in  his  'Letters 
on  a  Regicide  Peace,'  says  :  "  Until  at  length, 
tumbling  from  the  Gallic  coast,  the  victorious 
tenth  wave  shall  ride  like  the  bore  over  all 
the  rest." 

The  late  Mr.  Bell  Scott  credits  the  literal 
wave  with  a  magic  protecting  power.  He 
says :' — 

Would  you  be  free  of  a  salt-sea  grave, 
Drink  from  your  palm  of  the  high  tenth  wave, 
Then  you  need  fear  no  salt-sea  harm. 

Most  coast  folk  have  theories  of  their  own 
concerning  the  recurrence  of  larger  waves 
than  ordinary.  At  one  place  a  weather- 
beaten  observer  will  tell  you  that  two  small 
waves  will  be  followed  by  a  larger  breaker. 
Somewhere  else  you  may  be  told  that  three 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  IMS. 


strong  waves  in  succession  will  be  followed 
by  a  feebler  fourth,  and  so  on  with  tolerable 
regularity.  It  is  very  doubtful,  however, 
whether  there  is  any  regularity  about  the 
recurrence  of  the  larger  wave. 

G.  L.  APPERSON. 

Tennyson,  in  speaking  of  the  ninth  wave, 
is  in  agreement  with  Celtic  ideas,  in  which 
the  ninth  wave  has  considerable  importance. 
Thus,  in  one  of  the  poems  (fifteenth  century?) 
attributed  to  the  Welsh  bard  Rhys  Goch 
ap  Rhiccert  (Poem  xii.  in  the  '  lolo  MSS.') 
we  find  the  sea-gull  addressed  as  "  white 
queen  of  the  waves  of  Severn  sea,  who  hast 
thy  kingdom  on  the  nine  waves  of  ocean  "  ; 
and  the  editor  remarks  in  a  foot-note  : 
"  In  Welsh  poetry,  allusion  is  often  made 
to  the  ninth  wave,  which  was  believed  to  be 
larger  than  the  others."  So,  too,  when  the 
Milesians  first  landed  in  Ireland,  they  made 
a  covenant  with  the  Tuatha  de  Danann 
that  they  should  re-embark  and  sail  "  the 
distance  of  nine  waves  on  the  high  sea," 
after  which,  if  they  succeeded  in  landing 
again  despite  the  Tuatha  de  Danann,  Ireland 
should  be  theirs  (Keating,  vol.  ii.  p.  85, 
Irish  Text  Society). 

In  '  The  Sin-Eater,  and  other  Tales,' 
Fiona  Macleod  has  a  story  entitled  '  The 
Ninth  Wave,'  which  is  based  on  a  belief 
current  in  the  Hebrides  that  the  ninth 
wave  exercises  a  peculiar  fascination  : — 

"  An'  wherever  it  will  be  going  it  calls.  An'  the 
call  of  it  is — '  Come  away,  come  away,  the  sea 

waits!    Follow! Come  away,   come  away,  the 

sea  waits  !    Follow  ! " 

The  story  is  that  of  a  man  who  hears  the 
calling  of  the  ninth  wave,  and,  unable  to 
resist  its  spell,  rushes  into  the  sea  and  is 
drowned.  The  number  nine  is  easy  to 
explain,  since  it  is  the  multiple  of  three. 

H.  I.  B. 

When  we  were  children,  some  forty  to 
forty-five  years  ago,  we  used  to  be  told  that 
every  seventh  wave  was  larger  than  the 
rest  ;  and  on  counting  the  waves  breaking 
on  the  seashore,  we  frequently  found,  or 
imagined  we  found,  this  to  be  the  case. 

T.  GLYNN. 

Liscard. 

At  Saltfleet  by  St.  Clement's,  on  the  Lin- 
colnshire coast,  we  always  looked  out  for  the 
ninth  wave  as  the  biggest  (c.  1850),  and  this 
accords  with  the  idea  of  Tennyson,  who, 
when  young,  knew  that  coast  very  well. 

J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 


I  venture  to  add  another  quotation  from 
Ovid  to  that  given  by  W.  C.  B.  : — 

Qui  venit  hie  fluctus,  fluctus  supereminet  omnes 
Posterior  nono  est  undecimoque  prior. 

'  Tristia,'  Lib.  I.  Eleg.  ii.  49-50. 

W.  H.  MAIDLOW,  M.D. 


ANCASTER  (10  S.  viii.  130;  x.  455).— 
Surely  the  "  Andredes  cester "  in  the 
'  A.-S.  Chronicle,'  anno  491,  was  somewhere 
in  the  South  ;  see  Plummer's  note.  It  is 
conjectured  to  have  been  near  Pevensey. 
As  we  already  find  the  spelling  Ancaster 
in  the  time  of  Edward  I.  (Inquis.  post 
Mortem),  it  would  be  surprising  if  it  could 
have  been  shortened  from  this  old  form. 
Besides,  it  is  on  record  that  "  Andredes 
cester"  was  totally  destroyed  and  was  never 
rebuilt. 

The  book  on  place-names  by  Flavell 
Edmunds  appeared  in  1872,  when  it  was 
hardly  possible  to  do  anything  but  guess  ; 
and  it  should  never  be  consulted  now. 
Words  fail  me  to  describe  how  hopelessly 
at  fault  it  often  proves  to  be.  If  demonstra- 
tion of  this  is  really  required,  it  is  ready. 
His  identification  of  Andred  with  Andrew 
is  in  itself  a  caution. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  Ancaster 
stone,  though  "  very  durable "  in  some 
situations,  is  not  always  so  when  used  for 
outdoor  sepulchral  memorials.  In  such 
cases  I  have  known  it  to  be  totally  destroyed 
in  a  few  years,  by  the  action  of  frost,  wet, 
and  wind.  No  doubt  its  durability  depends 
partly  on  the  bed  from  which  it  is  taken, 
and  cannot  always  be  depended  upon. 

J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 

SPECIAL  JURISDICTION  (10  S.  x.  368,  418). 
— The  Town  Clerk  will  have  to  investigate 
the  privileges  of  Lancaster — or  the  accuracy 
of  the  press  ! 

The  passage  he  is  doubtful  of  occurs  in 
The  Times  of  Saturday,  24  October,  p.  4, 
col.  3,  and  runs  as  follows  : — 

"under  an  old  charter  the  Peterborough 

bench  has  the  Assize  power  of  Oyer  and  Ter  miner, 
or  general  gaol  delivery,  so  that  its  chairman  can 
pass  the  death  sentence,  a  privilege  extended  to 
only  one  other  bench  of  magistrates,  that  of 
Lancaster." 

A  legal  friend  informs  me  that  the  same 
right  has  been  claimed  in  the  past  at 
Stamford,  and  that  it  was  put  in  force  in 
1659  and  again  in  1704.  R.  B. 

Upton. 


10  s.  x.  DEO.  26, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


I  cannot  find  any  authority  for  the  state- 
ment that  any  bench  of  magistrates  has 
to-day  jurisdiction  to  inflict  the  capital 
penalty  ;  in  fact,  I  think  it  is  clear  that  no 
magisterial  court  possesses  that  jurisdiction. 

As  regards  General  and  Quarter  Sessions, 
in  Blackstone's  '  Commentaries,'  15th  ed. 
(edited  by  Edward  Christian,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Island  of  Ely,  and  published  in  1809), 
it  is  stated  : — 

"The  jurisdiction  of  these  Courts  by  statute  34 
Ed.  III.,  c.  1,  extends  to  the  trying  and  determining 
all  felonies  and  trespasses  whatsover,  though  they 
seldom,  if  ever,  try  any  greater  offence  than  small 
felonies  within  the  benefit  of  clergy,  their  commis- 
sion providing  that  if  any  case  of  difficulty  arises 
they  shall  not  proceed  to  judgment  but  in  the 

S'esence  of  one  of    the  Justices    of    the  Court  of 
ing's  Bench  or  Common  Pleas,  or   one    of  the 
Judges  of   Assize.      And  therefore    murders    and 
other  capital  felonies  are  usually  remitted  for  a 
more  solemn  trial  to  the  Assizes." 

From  this  it  is  clear  that  Courts  of  General 
and  Quarter  Sessions  (composed  of  two  or 
more  Justices  of  the  Peace)  were  impowered 
to  inflict  capital  punishment,  although, 
at  the  time  the  work  I  have  referred  to 
was  published,  the  jurisdiction  was  rarely, 
if  ever,  exercised. 

Apparently  "  Justices  of  the  Peace  within 
Liberties "  also  had  this  jurisdiction,  for 
by  1  Geo.  IV.  c.  1,  passed  "  to  remedy  certain 
inconveniences  in  local  and  exclusive  juris- 
dictions," after  reciting  that  trial  of  capital 
offences  before  Justices  of  the  Peace  within 
local  and  exclusive  jurisdiction,  not 
being  counties,  might  be  attended  with 
inconvenience,  it  was  enacted  that  such 
Justices  acting  within  any  town,  liberty, 
soke,  or  place  not  being  a  county,  but 
having  exclusive  jurisdiction  for  the  trial 
of  felonies  and  misdemeanours  committed 
within  the  same,  should  have  full  power 
within  their  respective  limits,  at  their  dis- 
cretion, to  commit  persons  charged  with 
any  capital  offences  perpetrated  within 
such  limits  to  the  gaol  of  the  county  within 
which  such  liberty,  &c.,  shall  be  situate,  to 
be  tried  at  the  next  sessions  of  Oyer  and 
Terminer  for  the  county. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  magistrates  before 
referred  to,  however,  was  abolished  by 
stat.  5  and  6  Viet.,  c.  38,  which  provides 

"  that  neither  justices  of  the  peace  acting  in  and 
for  any  county,  riding,  division,  or  liberty,  nor  the 
Recorder  of  any  borough,  shall  at  any  session  of  the 
peace  or  any  adjournment  thereof  try  any  person 
or  persons  for  any  treason,  murder,  or  capital 
felony,"  &c. 

There  is  no  qualification  in  this  statute 
giving  special  jurisdiction  to  any  of  the 


magisterial  benches  mentioned  by  the? 
querist,  and  it  appears  to  me  clear  that  no- 
Justices  of  the  Peace  have  to-day  the 
j  urisdiction  referred  to. 

If,  however,  any  of  your  readers  know  of 
authority  to  the  contrary,  I  shall  be  glad 
to  hear  of  it.  R.  VAUGHAN  GOWEB. 

Sm  ABTHTJB  LEABY  PIGOTT  (10  S.  x.  426). 
— I  have  not  seen  an  autograph  signature 
of  this  personage,  in  the  absence  of  which  I 
prefer  the  spelling  which  is  found  in  the 
record  of  his  admission  to  the  Middle  Temple, 
in  his  various  official  returns  as  M.P.,  and  in 
the  Gazette  notice  of  his  knighthood. 

It  is  difficult  to  prove  a  negative,  but  I 
am  as  sceptical  as  MB.  DABNELL  DAVIS- 
with  regard  to  Piggott's  having  been  Attor- 
ney-General of  Grenada.  The  names  of 
these  functionaries  appeared  annually  in  *  The 
Court  Kalendar,'  and  Piggott's  is  not  among 
them.  MB.  DABNELL  DAVIS  himself  bears 
the  name,  and  is  presumably  the  descendant, 
of  one  of  them,  and  can  doubtless  speak 
with  some  authority  on  the  point. 

The  only  authority  I  know  for  the  state- 
ment that  Piggott  was  Attorney-General 
of  Grenada  is  Joshua  Wilson's  '  Biographical 
Index  to  the  House  of  Commons'  (1808), 
which  I  should  hesitate  to  accept  as  being 
in  itself  final.  The  writer  says :  "He 
returned  to  the  island  of  Grenada,  where 
he  practised  with  success,  and  at  length 
became  Attorney-General  there." 

The  '  D.N.B.'  article  on  Piggott  (there 
spelt  "  Pigott ")  is  inadequate,  by  reason 
of  errors  both  of  omission  and  commission. 
It  covers  little  over  half  a  page,  and  in  that 
space  are  the  following  mistakes  : — 

1.  The    name    of   his    college    is   wrongly 
given,  as  MB.  DABNELL  DAVIS  points  out. 

2.  It  is  stated  that  Piggott  sat  for  Arundel 
from    1807   till   his   death,    whereas   in   the- 
Parliament  of  1812  to  1818  he  represented 
Horsham.     A  reference  to  the  index  alone — 
to  say  nothing  of  the  text — of  the  Official 
Return    (which  also  is    quoted  in  the   list 
of    authorities)    would    have    rectified  this 
blunder. 

3.  He    is   said    to    have    been   appointed 
Solicitor-General    to    the    Prince    of    Wales 
in  May,   1787,  whereas  the  date  of  his  ap- 
pointment was  November,   1783,  when  the 
Prince's  establishment  was  formed,  and  his 
name  will  be  found  in  the  list  of  the  Prince's 
officers  (as  Duke  of  Cornwall)  in  '  The  Royal 
Kalendar '  for  1785,  1786,  and  1787. 

4.  The   date   of  birth   is   also   apparently 
wrong,  but  the  writer  of  the  article  may  be 


514 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  woe. 


•excused  for  this,  having  adopted  it  from 
the  age  at  matriculation  as  given  by  Foster. 

The  following  are  omissions  in  the  article. 
No  mention  is  made  of  the  facts  that  Piggott 
was  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  or  that 
he  was  counsel  to  the  Bank  of  England  for 
several  years  before  his  death.  Nor  can  we 
ascertain  from  this  article  how  long  he  held 
his  Solicitor-Generalship  to  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  or  in  what  circumstances  he  vacated 
it,  for  which  one  has  to  refer  to  the  biography 
•of  Erskine. 

MB.  DABNELL  DAVIS  is  technically  correct 
in  saying  that  Piggott  held  a  patent  of 
precedence,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  that  was 
regarded  as  equivalent  to  the  rank  of  King's 
Counsel.  In  '  The  Royal  Kalendar '  for 
1796,  in  a  list  of  25  "  King's  Counsel  "  (sic), 
the  names  of  Piggott  (spelt  "  Pigot "), 
Erskine,  William  Grant,  John  Anstruther, 
and  J.  F.  Widmore  have  the  mark  f 
appended,  with  the  foot-note  "  N.B.  Those 
marked  with  f  have  Patents  of  Precedence." 
A  recent  instance  is  that  of  J.  P.  Benjamin, 
who  held  a  patent  of  precedence,  but  was 
certainly  included  in  the  list  of  Q.C.s. 

ALFBED  B.  BEAVEN,  M.A. 
Leamington 

There  is  no  inconsistency  in  the  fact  that 
Pigott  was  only  fifteen  when  admitted  to 
membership  of  the  Middle  Temple.  The 
date  of  his  call  to  the  Bar  was  28  Nov.,  1777 
(Hutchinson,  'Notable  Middle  Templars'), 
but  the  age  is  not  recorded  on  that  occasion. 
The  date  of  his  matriculation  at  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  was  17  Oct.,  1878,  when 
his  age,  according  to  Foster's  '  Alumni 
•Oxonienses,'  was  twenty-six. 

C.  E.  A.    BEDWELL. 

Middle  Temple  Library. 

JUSTICE    HAYES'S    *  ELEGY    WBITTEN    IN 

THE   TEMPLE   GABDENS  '    (10   S.    x.    468). 

Mr.  Justice  Hayes,  better  known  as  Mr. 
Serjeant  Hayes,  was  not  an  Irish  judge, 
but  was  made  an  English  Queen's  Bench 
puisne,  August,  1868.  He  died  in  Novem- 
ber, 1869.  The  poem  referred  to  is  to  be 
found  in  a  volume  entitled  '  Hayesiana,' 
edited  with  a  memoir  by  Edmund  Macrory, 
Q.C.,  and  published  by  Butterworths  in  1893. 

Mr.  Justice  Hayes  was  also  the  author 
of  a  skit  on  special  pleading  (which  is  in  the 
same  volume),  under  the  name  of  "Crogate's 
Case,  a  dialogue  :  Venue — In  the  Shades." 
In  this  amusing  jeu  d' 'esprit  Baron  Parke, 
afterwards  Lord  Wensleydale,  comes  on  the 
scene  as  "  Baron  Surrebutter." 

J.  E.  LATTON  PICKEBING. 
Librarian,  Inner  Temple. 


AUTHOBS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10 
S.  x.  428,  476).— 

Lose  this  day  loitering,  £c. 

These  lines  are  translated  from  Goethe ; 
the  English  version  is  by  Dr.  John  Anster, 
varied  by  Longfellow.  See  the  statements 
at  7  S.  ix.  169,  218,  278.  W.  C.  B. 

The  quotation  asked  for  by  E.  F.  D.  will 
be  found  in  Anster's  translation  of  Goethe's 
'  Faust,'  '  Prelude  at  the  Theatre,'  Manager's 
last  speech,  near  the  end.  M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 

The  passage  quoted  by  L.  K.,  ante, 
p.  468,  is  in  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  Disraeli 
to  Lord  Grey  de  Wilton  on  3  Oct.,  1873,  and 
is  known  as  the  Bath  letter,  as  it  was  written 
in  support  of  Mr.  Forsyth,  K.C.,  who  was  then 
the  Conservative  candidate  for  the  borough 
of  Bath.  It  is  in  this  letter  that  Mr.  Disraeli 
refers  to  the  Ministers'  "  career  of  plunder- 
ing and  blundering."  L.  K.  should  verify 
his  quotation,  as  "  Ministers "  should  be 
substituted  for  "  Ministry."  Also  the  word 
"  and  "  should  be  omitted  before  "  institu- 
tion." The  letter  will  be  found  in  The 
Times  of  8  October,  and  in  '  The  Annual 
Register  '  for  1873. 

HABBY  B.  POLAND. 
Inner  Temple. 

See  '  Annals  of  our  Time  '  for  3  Oct.,  1873. 

G.  W.  E.  R. 

In  his  speech  at  Manchester  on  3  April, 
1872,  Lord  Beaconsfield  (then,  of  course, 
Mr.  Disraeli),  when  criticizing  the  Govern- 
ment's Irish  policy,  said  : — 

"  Her  Majesty's  new  Ministers  proceeded  in  their 
career  like  a  body  of  men  under  the  influence  of 
some  delirious  drug.  Not  satiated  with  the  spolia- 
tion and  anarchy  of  Ireland,  they  began  to  attack 
every  institution  and  every  interest,  every  class 
and  calling  in  the  country." — '  Selected  Speeches  of 
the  late  Rt.  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Beaconsfield,'  by 
T.  E.  Kebbel,  vol.  ii.  p.  513  (Longmans  &  Co.,  1882). 

T.  F.  D. 

[Several  other  correspondents  thanked  for  replies.] 

PIMLICO  :  EYEBBIGHT  (10  S.  x.  401,  457). 
— Even  if  the  writer  referred  to  by  COL. 
PBIDEAUX  is  correct  in  stating  that  there  is 
now  in  the  West  Indies  an  island  called 
Pimlico,  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether 
there  was  such  an  island  before  1650.  And 
even  if  there  was,  the  island  did  not  give 
its  name  to  the  bird.  And  the  "  theory  that 
Pimlico  [in  London]  received  its  name 
from  the  West  Indian  island "  is  quite 
untenable.  The  "Ben  Pimlico"  of  1598 
was  doubtless  not  "  some  old  salt  who 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


derived  his  sobriquet  from  having  served 
in  the  West  Indies,"  but  a  taverner  of 
Hoxton.  If  COL.  PRIDEAUX  had  consulted 
the  '  N.E.D.'  under  "  pemblico,"  he  would 
have  seen  whence  the  West  Indian  bird 
derived  its  name.  When  that  section  of 
the  '  N.E.D.'  was  going  through  the  press, 
Sir  James  (then  Dr.)  Murray  applied  to  the 

E  resent  writer  for  information  about  the 
ird.  I  regret  that  in  the  intervening  four 
years  the  notes  I  took  have  got  misplaced, 
but  I  was  able  to  send  at  least  two  extracts 
— one  from  Capt.  John  Smith's  '  Generall 
Historie,'  published  in  1624,  and  the  other 
from  the  '  Hist.  Bermudaes,'  of  uncertain 
authorship,  published  by  the  Hakluyt 
Society  in  1882.  The  latter  was  printed 
from  the  Sloane  MS.  in  the  British  Museum, 
and  Sir  James  gave  an  extract  from  the  MS. 
itself.  It  is  to  the  effect  that  the  bird, 

"  by  some  Alebanters  of  London  sent  ouer  hether, 
hath  bin  tearmed  pimplicoe,  for  so  they  Imagine 
{and  a  little  resemblance  putts  them  in  mind  of  a 
place  so  dearely  beloued)  her  note  articulates." 
Recently  I  have  noted  a  still  earlier  allusion 
to  the  bird  than  that  made  by  Smith  in 
1624.  In  a  letter  dated  21  Dec.,  1614, 
the  Rev.  Lewis  Hughes  wrote  : — 

"Here  is  also  plenty  of  sea  foules,  at  one  time  of 
the  yeare,  as  about  the  middle  of  October,  Birds 
which  we  call  cahouze  and  Pindico.es  come  in." — In 
Lefroy's  '  Memorials  of  the  Bermudas,'  ii.  578. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

EXTRAORDINARY  CONTEMPORARY  ANIMALS 
(10  S.  x.  309,  398).— Unfortunately  the 
Alaskan  wonder  was  not  described  in 
V Intermediaire — only  referred  to  as  de- 
scribed in  the  April  number  of  Je  sais  tout. 

W.  T. 

MEETS  OF  HOUNDS  ANNOUNCED  IN 
CHURCH  (10  S.  x.  468). — My  father,  who  as 
a  young  man,  about  1833,  hunted  a  good 
deal  in  Northamptonshire,  often  told  me 
that  in  the  chapel  at  Catesby  Abbey,  where 
service  was  held  every  Sunday  afternoon, 
the  meets  of  the  Pytchley  Hounds  in  the 
ensuing  week  were  always  published,  i.e., 
hung  up  for  public  view  in  the  vestry  of  the 
chapel ;  and  that  sportsmen  desirous  to 
hunt  always  adjourned  there  for  infor- 
mation after  service  was  concluded. 

H.  C.  NORRIS,  Col. 

SHAKESPEARE  VISITORS'  BOOKS  (10  S.  x. 
429,  478). — These  interesting  records  un- 
fortunately are  not  included  in  the  collection 
at  the  Shakespeare  Memorial,  Stratford- 
upon-Avon.  They  were  sold  by  auction 


with  the  other  Hornby  relics  in  London, 
by  order  of  the  then  representative  of  the 
family,  and  were  purchased,  I  believe,  by 
Mr.  Tregaskis  of  232,  High  Holborn.  Though 
pages  had  been  considerably  mutilated,  the 
volumes  were  by  no  means  devoid  of  in- 
terest, and  it  seems  a  pity  they  should  not 
have  been  kept  in  the  town. 

W.  S.  BRASSINGTON. 
Shakespeare  Memorial  Library,  Stratford. 

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  QUOTATIONS  ( 10  S. 
x.  127,  270,  356).— 

25.  Justitia  una  alias  virtutes  continet  omnes 
is  a  translation  of  the  Greek  line 
'Ev  6e  SLKaioo-vvr)  crvX\^/38rjV  TTCUT'  ape-ny'crriv, 
quoted    as    a   proverb    by    Aristotle,    '  Eth. 
Me.'  5,  15,  1129b,  which  occurs  in  Phocylides 
(17)  and  Theognis  (147). 

Erasmus  in  his  '  Adagia  '  (p.  434,  ed.  1629) 
has  the  rendering 

lustitia  in  se  virtutem  complectitur  omnem. 
It  appears  as 

lustitia  in  sese  virtutes  continet  omnis 
in  Polydore  Vergil's  '  Proverbiorum  Liber  ' 
(foL    xxxviii    verso,    ed.    1510),    where    the 
passage  from  Aristotle  is  given  in  Latin. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
Aberystwyth. 

BRIDAL  STONE  (10  S.  x.  329,  394).— I  find 
that  some  very  curious  information  regard- 
ing heathenish  customs  connected  with 
remarkable  stones  may  be  gleaned  from 
'  Le  Folk-lore  de  France,'  by  Paul  Sebillot, 
1904  (see  vol.  i.  chap.  iv.).  Natural  blocks, 
artificially  placed  megaliths,  and  tombstones 
of  saints  all  appear  to  be  of  service  in  matters 
connected  with  love,  the  prevention  of 
sterility,  and  cure  of  infantile  or  other 
diseases. 

I  quote  a  few  examples  : — 

"  In  the  north  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  a  whole  series  of 

large  blocks have  received  the  significant  name 

of  '  Roches  ecriantes,'  because  young  rirls,  in  order 
to  marry  more  quickly,  climb  on  the  summit  and 
let  themselves  slide  (in  the  dialect,  eerier)  to  the 
base ;  there  are  some  of  them  even  to  which  this 
ceremony,  often  repeated,  has  ended  by  giving  a 
certain  polish."— P.  335. 

At  Saint-Kenan,  Finistere,  childless  women 
*'  only  a  few  years  ago  lay,  during  three  consecutive 
nights,  on  the  'jument  de  Pierre'  of  St.  Ronan, 
which  is  a  colossal  natural  rock  "  (p.  340). 

In  the  sixteenth  century  statues  of  St. 
Guerlichon  were  considered  to  have  the 
power  of  bestowing  children  (p.  340). 

Fragments    of    certain    stones    are    also 
believed  to  be  of  use  (p.  342)  ;   and 
"  in  Provence,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  la  Sainte- 
Baume,  which  has   attracted  a  great  number  of 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  igos. 


pilgrims  for  centuries,  a  multitude  of  little  piles  of 
stones  are  seen,  the  significance  of  which  is  well 
known  to  the  people  of  the  country.  The  majority 
are  in  reality  witness-piles  accumulated  by  people 
to  attest  that  they  have  mounted  to  these  summits. 
But  there  are  others  which  are  connected  with  love 
and  fecundity Young  girls  in  search  of  a  hus- 
band, after  having  made  a  halt  at  the  oratory  of  la 
Sainte-Baume,  climb  le  saint  Pilon,  and  leave  there 
a  triangle  formed  of  three  flat  pebbles  ;  a  fourth  is 
placed  in  the  centre.  If  the  following  year  they 
find  the  castellet  intact,  the  augury  is  good,  and  the 
desired  husband  cannot  be  distant.  Lads  who 
think  of  marrying  a  young  girl  also  construct  with 
care  their  moulon  de  joye,  and  mentally  pray  St. 
Madeleine  to  let  them  know  whether  she  approves 
of  their  choice.  When,  on  returning  the  year  after, 
they  find  their  heap  intact,  they  consider  their 
project  as  well  received  by  the'saint.  If  it  has  been 
dispersed,  they  are  persuaded  that  their  marriage 
will  not  be  blessed  by  her,  and  this  is  a  sufficient 
reason  to  make  them  seek  another  betrothed." — 
Pp.  350-51. 

I  may  add  that  the  custom  of  sliding 
down  rocks  is  not  confined  to  Ille-et-Vilaine. 
Instances  are  also  quoted  from  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  Provence,  and  Basse- Alpes.  R.  A. 

Holed  stones  are  treated  of  by  Sir  Norman 
Lockyer  in  his  '  Stonehenge  and  other 
British  Stone  Monuments  Astronomically 
Considered,'  1906,  and,  very  slightly,  in 
T.  Rice  Holmes' s  '  Ancient  Britain  and  the 
Invasions  of  Julius  Caesar,'  Oxford,  1907, 
though  these  works  make  no  reference  to 
the  legends  asked  for  by  MB.  HARRIS  STONE. 
Fergusson's  '  Rude  Stone  Monuments ' 
might  be  referred  to  ;  also  the  Victoria 
County  Histories,  and  the  articles  on  Stone 
Monuments  and  Stone  Worship  in  *  The 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  '  Chambers' s 
Encyclopaedia,'  and  '  The  Jewish  Encyclo- 
paedia.' FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

RAID  OF  THE  BISHOP  or  NORWICH  IN 
1383  (10  S.  x.  468).— The  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,' 
xiv.  411,  gives  the  references  in  the  chro- 
niclers (Froissart,  Walsingham,  Malverne, 
Knyghton,  &c.),  and  mentions  Sir  Hugh 
Calverley,  Sir  William  Elmham,  Sir  William 
Faringdon,  and  Sir  Thomas  Trivet  as  having 
been  associated  with  Despenser  on  this 
expedition.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"DEAR":  "O  DEAR  NO!"  (10  S.  x. 
349,  395,  434.) — I  have  always  been  given 
to  understand  that  our  own  peculiar  use 
of  "  dear  " — in  this  connexion — is  Italian 
in  origin,  as  it  is  certainly  in  sound  and 
sense  ;  just  as  the  vulgar  "  Dammy "  is 
borrowed  from  the  French  Dame.  "  Dear 
me  "  is  only  Dio  mio  !  over  again  ;  and  so 
with  ^  "  Oh  !  dear  "  (Oh  Dio  /),  "  Dear, 
clear  "  (Dio,  dio  /),  and  other  combinations. 


In  fact,  Englishmen  who  have  objected  to 
the  frequent  introduction  of  the  sacred  nam& 
in  conversation  abroad,  have  before  now 
had  to  be  reminded  that  the  innocent- 
looking  "  Dear  me  !  "  is  guilty  of  the  same 
impiety.  Human  nature  is  much  the  same 
all  the  world  over. 

The  imagined  derivation  from  the  Old 
French  dea  seems  to  me  very  far-fetched. 

PHILIP  NORTH. 

HENRY  BARNEWELL,  PREBENDARY  OF 
ROCHESTER  (10  S.  x.  448). — George  Barne- 
well  of  Rochester,  doubtless  the  "  cousin  " 
whom  Henry  Barnewell  made  his  executor,, 
in  his  will,  dated  20  Aug.,  proved  P.C.C. 
(104  Clark)  2  Oct.,  1625,  mentions  his  wife 
Elizabeth ;  his  son  Edmund ;  and  his 
daughters  Bazill,  Elizabeth,  and  Christian. 
He  owned  a  messuage  called  Patroces  ;  land 
in  Middleton,  Great  Henny,  Little  Henny,. 
and  Bulmer,  Essex ;  houses  in  Rochester 
and  Strood  ;  a  farm-house  at  Allhallowes, 
Kent ;  tenements  at  Yalding  ;  a  lease  of 
the  king's  orchard  within  the  precincts 
of  Rochester  Cathedral ;  and  a  tenement 
at  Lamberhurst,  Sussex.  An  appended 
memorandum  leaves  money  to  the  poor 
of  Rochester  and  of  Nassington,  Northants. 

Richard  Barnewell,  of  the  parish  of 
St.  Botolph  without  Aldgate,  citizen  and 
cordwainer,  in  his  will,  dated  8  Oct.,  proved 
P.C.C.  (103  Lawe)  17  Oct.,  1614,  mentions 
his  wife  Elizabeth  ;  his  brother  Giles  Barne- 
well and  his  wife  Julian  and  son  Giles ; 
the  children  of  his  nephew  Christopher 
Barnwell ;  his  sister  Anne  Jones  and  her 
children ;  and  Elizabeth  Slater,  daughter 
of  his  former  wife,  and  her  children.  A 
comparison  of  Christian  names  suggests 
that  this  Richard  Barnewell  and  the  Barne- 
wells  of  Rochester  were  descended  from  or 
related  to  the  Barnwell  family  that  was 
for  some  time  settled  at  Cransley,  Northants 
(cf.  Metcalfe,  '  Visitation  of  Northants, 
1564,'  and  the  '  Visitations  of  Norfolk,  1563, 
1589,  and  1613,'  published  by  the  Harleian 
Society).  CANTIANTJS. 

BREMBRE  OR  BRAMBRE  (10  S.  x.  306,  458). 
— I  have  made  many  vain  efforts  to  discover 
whether  the  lands  in  Egham  forfeited  by 
Brembre  when  attainted  were  those  con- 
ferred upon  him  when  knighted  in  1381. 
I  do  not  remember  the  name  being  spelt 
"  Bramber,"  in  any  records  I  have  seen, 
yet  Mr.  Oman  in  his  book  '  The  Great  Revolt 
of  1381'  calls  him  "Bramber,"  but  in  a 
letter  I  have  from  that  gentleman  he  writes 
"  Brember."  F.  TURNER. 

Egham. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


517 


EBENEZEB  GERARD  (10  S.  x.446). — In  1813 
Gerard  lived  at  10,  Villiers  Street,  London, 
and  exhibited  a  picture  entitled  *  Shavings  * 
at  the  Royal  Academy.  A  small  painting 
by  him  is  in  the  Manchester  Free  Reference 
Library  ;  it  is  an  admirable  work,  and  repre- 
sents his  friends  Archibald  Prentice  of  Man- 
chester and  J.  Childs  of  Bungay  engaged 
in  a  game  of  draughts.  Mr.  George  Esdaile 
of  Rusholme,  Manchester,  has  a  portrait 
of  his  grandfather,  painted  by  Gerard. 
Your  correspondent  does  not  give  the  date 
of  his  death.  It  seems  to  have  taken  place 
In  February  or  March,  1826  (see  a  letter  in 
The  Kaleidoscope,  vi.  305).  C.  W.  STJTTON. 

Manchester. 

DICKENS'S  SURNAMES  :  GUPPY  (10  S.  x. 
327,  477). — To  those  holding  this  name  I 
should  like  to  add  Mr.  Henry  Guppy,  the 
learned  librarian  of  the  Rylands  Library, 
of  whose  courtesy  I  have  frequent  ex- 
perience. JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 

"  HIS  END  WAS  PEACE  "    (10   S.   X.    450). 

"See  Psalm  xxxvii.  37,  A.V.,  "Mark  the 
perfect  man,  and  behold  the  upright :  for 
the  end  of  that  man  is  peace."  The  R.V. 
has  "latter  end,"  and  in  the  margin  "  There 
is  a  reward  (or,  future  ;  or,  posterity)  for 
the  man  of  peace."  The  Prayer  Book  ver- 
sion (from  the  "  Great  Bible  ")  is  (verse  38) 
""  Keep  innocency,  and  take  heed  unto  the 
thing  that  is  right :  for  that  shall  bring  a 
man  peace  at  the  last."  The  Vulgate  has 
"  Custodi  innocentiam,  et  vide  sequitatem  : 
quoniam  sunt  reliquiae  homini  pacifico." 

To  the  variety  between  the  English  Bible 
and  Prayer  Book  is  here  due  the  existence 
•of  two  familiar  texts  which  represent  the 
same  original.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Aberystwyth. 

Like  HARMATOPEGOS,  I  have  been  for  a 
long  time  puzzled  as  to  the  original  source 
of  this  quotation,  but  have  been  unable 
to  find  it.  It  has  lately  occurred  to  me 
that  it  may  be  an  incorrect  rendering  of  a 
verse  in  the  third  chapter  of  the  Apocryphal 
book  of  Wisdom,  where  it  is  said  of  the 
righteous  that  "  they  are  in  peace."  It  is 
in  the  first  Lesson  appointed  to  be  read  on 
All  Saints'  Day.  C.  S.  JERRAM. 

I  think  the  source  is  Psalm  xxxvii.  37. 
Somehow  the  Hebrew  "  Veachreesou 
sholoum "  (which  is  the  direct  rendering 
of  the  phrase)  has  been  running  in  my  head 
as  a  Biblical  phrase,  but  I  cannot  trace  it, 
so  conclude  it  is  part  of  our  Liturgy. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 


Is  not  this  phrase  most  probably  a  survival 
of  the  pre-Reformation  formula  "  Requiescat 
in  pace  "  ?  W.  B.  GERISH. 

I  think  this  is  merely  a  hopeful  appropria- 
tion of  Psalm  xxxvii.  37. 

"  Peace,  perfect  peace  !  "  which  is  becom- 
ing a  popular  line  on  tombstones,  not  seldom 
sets  me  wondering  whether  it  be  the  departed 
husband  or  wife,  or  the  resultant  widow 
or  widower,  who  is  supposed  to  enjoy  the 
inestimable  blessing.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

I  cannot  give  the  author  of  this  phrase, 
but  your  correspondent  may  like  to  have 
a  variant  which  appears  on  the  tombstone 
of  a  married  couple  in  Epworth  Churchyard. 
It  runs : — 

Their  ends  were'peace. 

C.  C.  B. 

[Other  correspondents  also  refer  o  Psalm  xxxvii. 
37.] 

BOOTH  OF  RAME,  CORNWALL  (10  S.  x. 
448). — I  know  nothing  of  any  Cornish 
Booths,  but  I  can  now  notify  another  nest 
of  Nathaniels,  wherein  your  correspondent 
may  perhaps  find  his  own  bird. 

Nathaniel,  I  think,  was  a  Christian  name 
in  the  family  of  Booth,  Lord  Delamere. 

The  '  Register  of  St.  Botolph,  Bishopsgate,' 
ed.  Hallen,  1893,  ii.  120,  164,  has  these 
entries  : — 

1656,  Oct.  23.    Nathaniel  Booth,  buried. 

1665/6,  Jan.  6.    Nathaniel  Booth,  aged  40,  buried. 

Oliver  Heywood  knew  a  Nathaniel  Booth 
in  November,  1699,  and  baptized  his  son 
John  in  January,  1701/2.  (O.  Hey  wood's 
'Diaries,'  1885,  iv.  188,  292). 

'Felkirk  Register,'  1894,  p.  128,  has  :— 

1714,  Aug.  24.  Nathaniel  Booth  and  Elizabeth 
Pearson  married. 

Nathaniel  Booth,  an  Anabaptist  minister 
and  cloth  manufacturer  at  Gildersome, 
died  3  Nov.,  1734,  aged  50,  and  was  buried 
at  Morley  (Smith's  '  Morley,'  1876,  pp.  164, 
251  ;  Misc.  Gen.  et  Her.,  N.S.,  1880,  iii.  331). 

1867,  Jan.  19.  Elizabeth,  youngest  daughter  of 
the  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Booth  of  Bradford,  died  at 
7,  Clarendon  Square,  Bradford. 

Nathan  Booth  of  Warrington,  yeoman, 
had  a  son  Nathan,  born  1743,  died  1778 
(Misc.  Gen.  et  Her.,  Third  Series,  iii.  7). 

I  take  the  opportunity  of  adding  to  my 
article  at  9  S.  ix.  65  that  Nathaniel  Booth 
matriculated  at  Brasenose,  20  Feb.,  1679/80, 
aged  18 ;  and  that  Nathaniel  Booth,  of 
Merton,  son  of  Francis,  of  Burstall  (prob. 
Birstall),  co.  York,  pleb.,  matriculated 
there  27  Oct.,  1757,  aged  17,  B.A.  1761 
(Foster,  '  Alumni  Oxon.').  W.  C.  B. 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 


THE  FIRST  SPEAKER  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF 
COMMONS:  PETER  DE  MONTFORT  (10  S.  x. 
3gg). — Creighton  in  his  '  Life  of  Simon  de 
Montfort '  mentions  five  sons  of  the  great 
reformer,  Henry,  Guy,  Simon,  Amaury, 
and  Richard,  but  describes  Peter  as  his 
cousin.  See  p.  183  of  the  '  Life '  in  the 
series  of  "  Historical  Biographies  "  : — 

"The  only  instance  of  favouritism  on  Simon's 
part  is'  the  very  trivial  act  of  lending  his  cousin, 
Peter  de  Montfort,  a  house  at  Westminster  which 
was  in  the  hands  of  the  Kin?." 

According  to  Rishanger's  '  Continuatio 
Matthsei  Parisii,'  Petrus  de  Monteforti  was 
one  of  fifteen  uexilliferi  captured  by  the 
King's  forces  at  Northampton  in  1264  (see 
p.  669  of  Watts's  edition  of  Matthew  Paris, 
1644).  The  chronicle  continues :  "  Quos 
omnes  transmisit  ad  diuersa  castra,  sub 
arcta  custodia  conseruandos."  Polydore 
Vergil  repeats  the  former  part  of  this 
statement,  describing  the  captives  as 
"  equestris  ordinis  uiri."  The  *  Con- 
tinuatio '  records  his  death  at  the 
battle  of  Evesham  along  with  Simon 
and  Simon's  son  Henry.  Peter  appears  to 
have  been  a  pronounced  supporter  of  the 
constitutional  reforms  inaugurated  at  Oxford 
in  1258.  According  to  Stubbs  (see  '  Con- 
stitutional History,'  vol.  ii.  p.  82),  his  name 
is  mentioned  in  the  '  Royal  Letters,'  ii.  153, 
as  one  of  the  representatives  of  the  barons 
in  the  committee  of  twenty-four  appointed 
to  draw  up  a  provisional  constitution,  also 
as  one  of  the  permanent  Council  of  Fifteen 
which  was  to  advise  the  King  on  all  affairs 
of  State,  and  one  of  the  twenty-four  Com- 
missioners of  the  Aid.  Stubbs  also  notes 
a  statement  in  Matthew  of  Westminster 
to  the  effect  that  Peter  de  Montfort,  along 
with  four  others  of  the  original  twenty-four, 
was  still  faithful  to  the  Provisions  in  1261. 

C.  E.  LOMAX. 
Louth,  co.  Lincoln. 

JEFFREY  HUDSON  THE  DWARF  (10  S.  x. 
390,  438).— Probably  '  Peveril  of  the  Peak,' 
chap,  xxxiii.  et  seq.,  and  Scott's  interesting 
biographical  note  appended  to  the  novel, 
give  the  best  modern  picture  of  this  valiant 
mannikin,  "  whose  little  body  lodged  a 
mighty  mind."  The  Christian  name  of  the 
victim  in  the  great  duel  is  not  given ;  the 
victor  is  made  to  refer  to  him  respectfully 
as  "  the  honourable  Mr.  Crofts."  In  his 
note  Scott  says  that  Hudson  is  often  men- 
tioned in  anecdotes  of  the  reign  of  Charles  I., 
and  he  quotes  from  the  '  Jeffreidos,'  in 
which  Sir  William  Davenant  somewhat  pon- 
derously makes  merry  at  the  dwarf's  expense. 


He  goes  on  to  say  that  in  1682  Hudson  was 
apprehended  as  a  suspect  in  connexion  with 
the  Popish  Plot,  "  and  confined  in  the 
Gatehouse  prison,  Westminster,  where  he 
ended  his  life  in  the  sixty-third  year  of  his 
age."  He  adds  that  his  portrait  was  painted 
by  Vandyke,  and  that  "  his  clothes  are 
said  to  be  preserved  as  articles  of  curiosity 
in  Sir  Hans  Sloan's  Museum." 

In  his  '  Common-Place  Book,'  i.  227, 
Southey  quotes  from  Wright's  '  History  of 
Rutlandshire '  a  passage  which  seems  to 
indicate  that  the  writer  was  personally 
acquainted  with  Hudson.  After  stating 
that  he  had  "  heard  him  several  times  , 
affirm  "  that  he  grew  little  or  none  between 
the  ages  of  seven  and  thirty,  but  that  after 
passing  the  latter  stage  he  quickly  reached 
the  permanent  stature  of  "  about  three 
foot  and  nine  inches,"  the  historian  proceeds 
thus  : — 

"  The  cause  of  this  he  ascribed  (how  truly  I  know 
not)  to  the  hardship,  much  labour  and  beating, 
which  he  endured  when  a  slave  to  the  Turks.  This 
seems  a  paradox,  how  that  which  hath  been 
observed  to  stop  the  growth  of  other  persons  should 
be  the  cause  of  his.  But  let  the  Naturalists  recon- 
cile it." 

A  reference  to  this  county  history  might 
be  productive  of  further  information. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

There  is  a  brief  biography  of  him  in  Caul- 
field's  '  The  Book  of  Wonderful  Characters,' 
pp.  331-3,  Hotten,  n.d.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

SUFFRAGETTES  (10  S.  x.  467).— Cf.  'The 
Next  Generation,'  by  J.  F.  Maguire,  M.P., 
1871.  G.  W.  E.  R. 

MAN  IN  THE  MOON  IN  1590  (10  S.  x.  446).— 
I  do  not  understand  what  is  meant.  The 
first  reference  in  '  N.E.D.'  to  this  phrase 
is  as  early  as  1310.  See  p.  125  of  the  letter 
M,  col.  1.  WALTER  W.  SEE  AT. 

M.  HOMAIS  (10  S.  x.  469). — M.  Homais 
is  a  character  in  Flaubert's  '  Madame 
Bovary,'  a  type  of  the  bourgeois,  a  free- 
thinking  apothecary,  an  ass  tinged  with 
literature  and  science.  Mr.  Pickwick  might 
with  equal  reason  be  described  as  a  typical 
Englishman.  J.  W.  M. 

CHARLES,  CARDINAL  ERSKINE  (10  S.  ix. 
87  ;  x.  377). — A  portrait  of  this  cardinal 
may  be  found  most  probably  at  the  Papal 
printing  and  publishing  establishment  in 
Rome,  where  portraits  of  all  the  cardinals 
are  kept  for  sale.  I  have  obtained  portraits 
there  upon  various  occasions.  C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 


10  a.  x.  DEC.  26,  im]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

.  sy :  Ws  £»/«  and  H^orl*.    By  the  Right 

Hon.  Robert  Spence  Watson.     (Fisher  Unwm.) 
ALL  lovers  of  Skipsey's  poetry  (and  we  hope  they 
are  legion)  will  accord  a  welcome  to  this  memoir, 
written  by  a  close  friend  of  forty  years. 

The  poet  was  born  near  North  Shields  on  the 
17th  of  March,  1832.  Cuthbert  Skipsey,  his  father, 
a  leader  of  the  miners  of  his  time,  was  shot  dead  on 
the  evening  of  Sunday,  the  8th  of  July  following— it 
is  believed  accidentally— while  attempting  to 
restrain  the  special  constables  from  firing  upon  the 
rioters  during  the  Tyneside  pitmen's  strike. 
Skipsey  was  the  youngest  of  eight  children,  and  at 
seven  years  of  age  had  to  go  down  the  pit  and  work 
sixteen  hours  a  day,  never  seeing  the  sun  except  on 
Sundays.  Before  leaving  home  he  had  managed  to 
learn  the  alphabet,  and  he  "got  good-natured 
pitmen  to  give  him  the  ends  of  their  farthing  dips, 
and  with  a  piece  of  chalk  he  copied  the  letters  on 
the  sill "  from  printed  bills  he  had  obtained.  At 
the  age  of  eleven  he  set  to  work  to  commit  the 
entire  Bible  to  memory— a  design  in  part  carried 
out.  When  he  was  fifteen  an  uncle  lent  him 
'  Paradise  Lost.'  This  was,  as  it  has  been  to  many 
a  studious  lad,  "a  revelation,"  arid  was  followed  by 
Pope,  and  then  by  Shakespeare  and  Burns.  Young 
Skipsey,  however,  as  Mr.  Watson  tells  us,  "was 
not  a  mere  bookworm,  but  he  would  take  his  part 
in  the  games  and  sports  which  went  on  about  him." 
In  fact,  Skipsey  was  thorough  in  all  he  undertook, 
and  among  the  miners  there  was  no  more  con- 
scientious worker  than  he. 

This  thoroughness  is  shown  directly  he  turns  to 
the  paths  of  literature.  One  evening  in  1870,  Mr. 
Watson  says,  "  Mr.  Eirikr  Magniisson  was  staying 
with  me,  and  Skipsey  turned  up  accidentally  to 
dine,  and  was  somewhat  perturbed  to  find  a  stranger 
present.  He  was  still  and  grave,  and  took  little 
part  in  the  conversation.  Mr.  Magniisson  was,  on 
the  other  hand,  a  brilliant  conversationalist,  but  he 
happened  to  say  something  about  Goethe  and 
'Faust.'  He  was  surprised  when,  from  the  other 
side  of  the  table,  a  deep,  thoughtful  voice  said, 
'I  deny  that,'  and  he  at  once  engaged  in  an 
argument  with  Skipsey  which  was  exceedingly 
brilliant  and  exceedingly  amusing,  but  in  which 
Skipsey  held  his  own  in  a  very  remarkable  way. 
In  fact,"  continues  Mr.  Watson,  "  I  am  inclined  to 
think  that  he  knew  more  about  Goethe  and  '  Faust ' 
than  his  antagonist.  Mr.  Magnusson  whispered  to 
me,  'Who  is  this  fellow?'  and  I  told  him,  and 
said,  '  You  must  make  much  of  him,  for  in  half  an 
hour's  time  he  will  be  going  away  to  the  pit,  which 
he  goes  down  to-night.' " 

In  1885  Skipsey  became  the  editor  of  several  of 
the  first  volumes  of  poetry  published  under  the 
title  of  "  The  Canterbury  Poets"  by  Walter  Scott. 
Those  for  which  he  was  immediately  responsible 
were  Coleridge,  Shelley,  Blake,  Burns,  and  Poe. 
In  August,  1902,  his  wife  died.  From  this  loss  he 
never  really  recovered,  and  in  September  of  the 
following  year  he  passed  away,  holding  "  firmly  to 
the  simple  faith  which  was  reduced  by  Christ  Him- 
self into  the  love  of  God  and  the  love  of  man." 

The  book  contains  three  portraits  beautifully 
executed:  two  of  Skipsey  (one  in  his  working 
clothes)  and  one  of  his  great  friend  Thomas  Dixon. 


Who's  Who  and  the  Who's  Who  Year-Book  for 
1909  (A.  &  C.  Black)  are  now  out.  The  former  con- 
tinues to  increase  in  bulk — an  extension  to  which 
we  have  nothing  to  object,  as  it  is  one  of  the  most 
useful  books  of  reference  that  we  know.  It  gives 
addresses,  especially  of  journalists,  which  it  is  not 
easy  to  procure  elsewhere.  The  principles  which 
govern  inclusion  are  unknown  to  us.  and  there  are 
still  many  people  whose  eminence  in  the  world  of 
letters  or  scholarship  better  entitles  them  to  notice 
than  a  host  of  those  included.  The  scholar,  how- 
ever, may  shun  the  publicity  of  such  a  volume,  and 
deride  the  frequent  signs  of  vanity  which  it 
exhibits.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  it  supplies 
information  for  which  we  are  often  asked,  as  does 
its  companion,  embodying  in  a  separate  form  the 
tables  and  statistics  which  once  preceded  it. 

THE  same  firm  publish  also  The  Englishwoman's 
Year- Book  and  Directory,  edited  by  G.  E.  Mitton, 
and  The  Writers'  and  Artists'  Year-Book,  which 
gives  in  a  concise  form  the  requirements  of  editors- 
in  the  way  of  contributions.  We  wish  this  little 
book  was  more  widely  known,  for  the  casual  writer 
for  the  press  wastes  his  own  time  and  that  of  an 
exceptionally  busy  class  by  sending  in  hopelessly 
unsuitable  articles  to  papers  which  he  has  obviously 
never  taken  the  trouble  to  read.  Further,  he  ia 
generally  ignorant  as  to  the  conditions  of  payment. 

Whitaker's  Almanack  and  Peerage,  1909. 
IF  every  book  published  were  as  accurate  as 
'  Whitaker's  Almanack '  and  '  Whitaker's  Peerage,  * 
the  men  "who  have  failed  in  literature  and  art" 
would  find  their  occupation  almost  gone,  and 
Macaulay's  New  Zealander  would  have  to  look  up 
the  Oxford  Dictionary,  should  he  be  desirous  of 
knowing  the  meaning  of  the  word  "critic."  As 
usual,  there  is  nothing  but  praise  to  be  accorded  to 
both  these  indispensable  works  of  reference.  The 
forty-first  issue  of  the  '  Almanack '  has  been  re- 
arranged and  augmented,  and  new  articles  deal 
with  the  land  and  sea  forces,  the  navigation  of 
the  air,  the  Radio-Telegraphic  Convention,  the 
New  Patent  Law,  the  Old-Age  Pension  Regulations, 
and  the  field  of  the  Death  Duties.  During  the  past 
seven  years  the  Death  Duties  have  produced 
126,423,403?.,  the  capital  assessed  amounting  to 
1,941,491,795?.  That  a  high  rate  of  Death  Duties 
does  not  affect  thrift  is  shown  by  France,  where 
the  succession  tax  is  higher  than  in  any  other 
country. 

The  conscientious  editor  of  the  '  Peerage '  is 
anxious  lest  his  readers,  remarking  upon  its- 
exterior  improvement,  should  expect  to  find  con- 
siderable changes  in  its  contents.  This,  he  tells  us,, 
is  not  the  case,  for  "the  only  really  new  feature  that 
it  possesses  consists  in  an  addition  of  eighteen, 
pages  to  the  Introduction  in  the  form  of  an  'Official 
Glossary,'  which,  though  not  aiming  at  either  pro- 
fundity or  completeness,  may  be  trusted  to  provide 
some  useful  information  to  those  who  are  not 
experts  in  the  various  departments  of  which  it 
treats."  Considerable  attention  is  given  to  the 
"Historic"  Peerage  and  "Baronetage."  Both  of 
these  have  been  revised  in  every  figure  in  conse- 
quence of  a  courteous  notice  from  Mr.  Burke  that 
he  had  made  numerous  corrections  in  his  own  great 
'  Peerage.'  To  show  how  late  corrections  have  been 
made,  it  may  be  noted  that  the  lamented  death  of 
Lord  Glenesk  on  the  24th  of  November  is  recorded 
in  the  body  of  the  work  as  well  as  in  the  obituary 
of  the  year. 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io  s.  x.  DEC.  26, 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — DECEMBER. 

MR.  H.  CLEAVER  of  Bath  has  in  his  Fortieth 
Catalogue  a  set  of  The  Archaeological  Journal, 
1844-92,  49  vols.,  81.  8s.;  'Murray's  Handbook  to 
•the  Cathedrals,'  7  vols.,  2L  5s.;  Winkles's  Cathe- 
dral Churches,'  3  vols.,  \l.  10s. ;  and  Owen  Jones's 
folio,  1868,  21.  2s.  Under  Astronomy  are  a  number 
of  items ;  under  Blake,  the  first  edition  of  Blair's 
'  Grave,'  1808,  11.  5s. ;  under  the  sisters  Bronte,  the 
Thornton  Edition,  12  vols.,  II.  12*.;  under  Brown- 
ing, the  complete  uniform  edition,  17  vols.,  21.  5s. ; 
under  Cervantes,  the  best  library  edition  of  '  Don 
•Quixote,'  4  vols. ,  full  calf,  31.  3s.  ;  and  under 
Dickens,  the  Authentic  Edition,  21  vols.,  half- 
levant,  101.  10s.  A  set  of  Fielding,  12  vols.,  8vo, 
half-morocco,  1898,  is  6/.  6s.  Another  fine  set  is 
that  of  Thackeray,  large  type,  Library  Edition, 
24  vols.,  new  half-calf,  1869,  121.  12s.  Latest  pur- 
chases include  the  following  first  editions :  '  Mill 
on  the  Floss,'  II.  Is. ;  '  Silas  Marner,'10s.  6d.  ;  Hew- 
lett's '  The  Road  in  Tuscany,'  very  scarce,  II.  10s.  ; 
.and  Kingsley's  '  Two  Years  Ago,'  12s.  Qd. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  sends  his  December  Cata- 
logue 299.  We  find  the  first  edition  of  Ainsworth's 
•*  Jack  Sheppard,'  illustrated  by  Cruikshank,  3  vols., 
full  levant  by  Bedford,  1839,  '91.  Arundel  Society 
Publications  include  the  altarpiece  by  Memling  in 
Lubeck  Cathedral,  61.;  and  other  choice  works. 
Under  Bacon  are  Pickering's  large-paper  edition, 
1825-34,  16  vols.,  imperial  8vo,  half  red  morocco, 
101.  10s.  ;  and  the  first  edition  of  '  The  Advancement 
of  Learning,'  large  paper,  contemporary  binding, 
1605,  3QI.  There  is  a  fine  book  of  original  drawings 
from  nature  by  C.  F.  Tomkins,  '  Belgium,  France, 
and  Germany,'  1830,  folio,  half- morocco,  25/.  First 
editions  include  '  Bells  and  Pomegranates,'  Moxon, 
1841-6,  32?.  10s. ;  '  Hours  of  Idleness,'  large  paper, 
full  calf  by  Zaehnsdorf,  1807,  16^.  ;  '  Through  the 
Looking-Glass,'  1872,  51.  ;  '  Liber  Amoris,'  1823,  51.  ; 
Thomas  Hughes's  Works,  6  vols.,  12/.  10s; 
'  Endymion,'  original  boards,  1818,  26^.  ;  '  Lamia, 
Isabella,  and  The  Eve  of  St.  Agnes,'  1820,  181.; 
Lamb's  'John  Woodvil,'  1802,  111.;  'Satan  in 
search  of  a  Wife,'  wrappers  as  issued,  1831,  12/. ; 
'*  Tales  from  Shakespeare,'  plates  by  Blake,  2  vols., 
12mo,  401.  ;  'Waverley,'  3  vols.,  1814,  221.  :  'Guy 
Mannering,' 3  vols.,  1815,  7£.  :  Swinburne's  'Poems 
and  Ballads,'  blue  levant,  Moxon,  1866,  11.  10*.  ; 
and  '  In  Memoriam,'  levant,  Moxon,  1850,  31.  10s. 
There  are  also  first  editions  of  Dickens  arid 
Thackeray.  One  of  twenty-five  special  copies  of 
Stirling-Maxwell's  '  Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain,' 
a  presentation  copy  from  the  author,  levant  extra 
by  Bedford,  4  vols.,  1848,  is  121.  10s. 

Mr.  John  Grant  of  Edinburgh  has  in  his 
December  Catalogue  sets  of  Fraser,  1830-82,  com- 
plete except  one  part  in  last  volume,  16/.  10s. ;  The 
Nineteenth  Century,  1877-1907,  101.  10s.  ;  and  The 
Edinburgh,  1802-97,  151.  15s.  There  are  Bibles  and 
works  on  bibliography,  including  Brunet's  '  Manuel 
du  Libraire,'  Didot,  1860-78,  8  vols.,  4to,  111.  Us. 
Works  on  Heraldry  include  Papworth  and  Morant's 
'Alphabetical  Dictionary, '2  vols.,  1874,  11.  Is.  (there 
are  references  to  more  than  fifty  thousand  coats  of 
arms).  Under  Scotland  are  Lamb's  '  Dundee,'  31.  3s.  ; 
Fraser's  '  Montgomeries,  Earls  of  Eglinton,' 


Microcosm  of  London,'  1808-10,  181.  10s. ;  Ruskin 


'Modern  Painters,'  6  vols.,  21.  14s.;  and  Symonds's 
'Michelangelo,'  2  vols.,  Nimmo,  1893,  31.  10s. 
Under  Early  Dramatists  are  the  second  folio  of 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  1679,  101.  10s. ;  and  the 
first  edition  of  Davenant,  1673,  51.  5s.  There  is  a 
set  of  the  Reports  of  the  Commission  on  Historical 
Manuscripts,  100  vols.,  half-calf,  new  (4  parts 
unbound),  1870-1907,  221.  10s.  A  first  edition  of 
Dr.  Harsnet's  '  Popish  Impostures,'  1603,  is  priced 
101.  10s.  This  work  is  well  known  to  scholars  as 
associated  with  Shakespeare  and  '  King  Lear.' 

Mr.  George  P.  Johnston's  Edinburgh  Cata- 
logue 88  contains  160  items  from  the  library  of  the 
late  Dr.  T.  Graves  Law.  There  is  a  collection  of 
works  on  Jesuits  and  Seculars  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  14  vols.  in  12,  301.  A  description  of  these 
is  given.  There  are  also  works  relating  to  Catholic 
Theology  and  Biblical  criticism.  Under  Miscel- 
laneous we  find  '  Catalogue  of  the  Books  in  the 
British  Museum  printed  before  1640,'  3  vols.,  1884, 
11.  10s.;  and  Gerrard's  '  Stonyhurst  College,'  12s. 
Brerewood's  '  Diversity  of  Languages  and  Religions,' 
contains  references  to  America  and  how  it  was 
peopled,  and  states  that  the  Philippine  Islands 
number  11,000,  "whereof  30  are  subject  to  Spain," 
small  4to,  1614,  11.  7s.  The  first  edition  of  Moni- 
penny's  'Chronicle,'  wanting  three  leaves,  is  21. 5s. ; 
Lord  Cockburn's  Writings,  9  vols.,  4/.  4s.;  and 
Hay's  '  Panegyricus,'  4to,  morocco  extra,  1540, 
31.  18s.  The  last  is  not  mentioned  by  Lowndes  or 
Brunet.  It  is  an  urgent  plea  for  the  reform  of  the 
Church,  and  states  that  in  Scotland  "  there  were 
engaged  serving  the  table  of  the  Lord  men  who 
knew  not  the  alphabet."  Turnbull's  '  Legenda 
Catholica,'  1840,  is  21.  12s.;  and  Dr.  Hill  Burton's 
copy  of  Tyrie's  'Refutation  of  ane  Ansver  made  be 
Schir  Johne  Knox,  1573,'  31. 10s. 


THE  forthcoming  portion  of  the  '  Oxford  English 
Dictionary'  is  a  treble  section  by  Sir  James  A.  H. 
Murray,  and  it  contains  the  words  from  "premisal" 
to  "  prophesier  "  in  Vol.  VII.  The  number  of  words 
recorded  is  4,381,  or  2,421  more  than  in  any  other 
dictionary  of  the  English  language  ;  and  the  illus- 
trative quotations  (20,450)  exceed  by  17,388  any 
previous  achievement  in  this  field. 


t0 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately, 
nor  can  we  advise  correspondents  as  to  the  value 
of  old  books  and  other  objects  or  as  to  the  means  of 
disposing  of  them. 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

H.  P.  L.  ("Arundel  Castle  Legend ").— Antici- 
pated by  several  replies  at  10  S.  viii.  434. 

J.  E.  NORCROSS,  Brooklyn.  —  Anticipated  by 
PROF.  BENSLY,  ante,  p.  476. 

NOTICE. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print,  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


10  s.  x.  DEC.  26,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENAEUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHEN^UM  contains  Articles  on 

THE  MAN  OF  THE  MASK.  ANTHROPOLOGY  AND  THE  CLASSICS.  CELESTINA. 

THE  PRINCESSE  DE  LAMBALLE. 

THE  JUDGEMENT  OF  ILLINGBOROUGH.        A  SCOUT'S  STORY.        PATRICIA  BARING. 

WINGED  DREAMS.        MAYA.       THE  MAN  WHO  LIVED.       WHERE  THE  APPLE 

REDDENS.      THE  CANNIBAL  CRUSADER. 
THREE  CAVALRY  HISTORIES.      VERSE  OLD  AND  NEW. 
THE  NUN  ENSIGN.      TOYS  OF  OTHER  DAYS.      ON  SAFARI :    BIG  GAME  HUNTING  IN 

BRITISH  EAST  AFRICA.       PHILANTHROPY  AND  THE  STATE.        THE  IDEAL  OF 

A  GENTLEMAN.    EDUCATION  DURING  THE  RENAISSANCE.    PETTIE'S  PALLACE. 

HER    INFINITE    VARIETY.        SINTRAM    AND    HIS    COMPANIONS.        LOVE    AND 

OTHER  NONSENSE.      OLD  TIMES  AND  FRIENDS. 
LIFE  AND  SPORT  IN  HAMPSHIRE.        PEARLS  AND  PARASITES.        THE  LAW  OF  THE 

HONEY-BEE.      ANIMAL  ROMANCES.      THE  YOUNG  ENGINEER.      VICTORIES  OF 

THE  ENGINEER.     ANTHROPOLOGICAL  NOTES.     RESEARCH  NOTES.     SOCIETIES. 
ARCHITECTURAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  KIRKSTALL  ABBEY. 
PINKIE  AND  THE  FAIRIES.      THE  WESTMINSTER  PLAY. 


NEXT  WEEK'S  ATHENAEUM  will  contain  Articles  on 

THE  LETTERS  OF  A  NOBLE  WOMAN 

AND 

A.  E.  HANCOCK'S  LITERARY  BIOGRAPHY  OF  JOHN  KEATS. 


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INDEX. 


TENTH    SERIES.— VOL.    X. 


[For  classified  articles,  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  BOOKS  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED, 
EPIGRAMS,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK-LORE,  HERALDRY,  OBITUARIES,  PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES,  QUOTATIONS, 
SHAKESPEARIANA,  SONGS  AND  BALLADS,  and  TAVERN  SIGNS.] 


A.  on  Susannah  Oakes  of  Ashborne,  148 
A.  (A.  E.)  on  Miltoniana,  242 
A.  (M.)  on  Milton's  songs  set  to  music,  249 
4.  (B.)  on  bridal  stone,  394,  515 
A.  (T.  C.)  on  Cabinet  and  the  House  of  Lords,  486 
Abbesses,  list  of,  309,  377 
Abbots,  lists  of.  309,  377  ;   mitred,  410,  455 
Abbreviation,  bibliographical  terms,  484 
Abbreviations  :  initial  letters  instead  of  words,  176 
Abracadabra,  etymology  of  the  word,  35,  54,  156 
Abrahams  (A.)  on  cannon  on  Bridge  Green,  226 
Daniel  family,  468 
Frost  prints,  350 
Guildhall,  changes  at,  101 
Gulston  collection  of  prints,  6 
Harewood  House,  Hanover  Square,  406 
"  Pope's  Head  Tavern,"  206 
Strand  Hotel,  26 
Thornhill  Bridge,  286 
Wych  Street,  86 

Accession  coins  and  medals,  130,  190,  230 
Ackerley  (F.  G.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted, 

168 

Hungarian  grammar,  112 
Llechylched,  Anglesey,  170 
Michaelmas  Day  :   its  date,  194 
"  Non  compos  mentis,"  447 
Act  of  Parliament,  yew  trees  planted  by,  430 
Addison  (J.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  174, 

188 
Addison  (Joseph),  woodcut  of,  49  ;    his  maternal 

ancestry,  201,  292,  355 
Addison  and  Heele,  their  interview,  49 
Addy  (S.  O.)  on  church  of  Llantwit  Major,  288 
Tolsey  at  Gloucester,  469 
Yule- waiting,  501 
Adler  (Elkan  Nathan),  his  '  Auto  de  F6  and  Jew,' 

288 

Adrian  IV.  (Pope),  his  death,  449 
Adulterism,  bibliographical  term,  484 
Africa,  first  crossing  of,  229 
Afterwale,  origin  of  the  word,  146 
Agriculture,  electricity  in,  207 
Aiguesparses      (Christine)      on     Bradlaugh      and 

Spinoza,  347 

Biehl  (W.  H.)  in  English,  247 
Ainsworth  (W.  Harrison),  death  of  his  daughter, 

487 

Akbar  (Emperor),  his  likeness,  215 
Alderman's  Walk',  City,  its  history,  290,  354 
Aldermen  of  Bishopsgate,  466 
Aldermen  of  London,  1687,  167 
Aldersgate  Street,  Milton's  house  in,  404 
Alexander    (W.    H.)    and    the    National    Portrait 

Gallery,  329,  476 

Alexandra  Institution  for  the  Blind,  187,  232 
Alexandrian  Library  at  Milan,  158 
Allonym,  bibliographical  term,  484 


Allot  (B.),  errors  in  '  Englands  Parnassus,'  4,  84, 

182,  262,  362,  444 

Almanac,  man  in,  explained,  56,  118 
Alphabetism,  bibliographical  term,  484 
America,  English  emigrants  to,  326,  396 
American  notions  :    piace-names  and  possessives, 

150 

Amphilis,  female  Christian  name,  289 
Anagram,  bibliographical  term,  484 
Ananym,  bibliographical  term,  484,  485 
Anastroph,  bibliographical  term,  484 
Ancaster,  place-name,  its  meaning,  455,  512 
Ancaster  stone,  455 
Anderson  (A.  H.),  on  rushlights,  154 
Anderson  (P.  J.)  on  General  Wade  and  his  roads, 83 
Andrews  (W.)  on  hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  34 

Loten's  Museum,  126,  275 
Andrews  (William),  his  death,  380 
Andronym,  bibliographical  term,  484 
"  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  its  meaning,  14,  55,  95,  135 
Angels,  their  festivals,  194 
Angler's  Companion,  silk  broadside  relic,  267 
Anglo-Indian  term,  Shalgham-zai,  448 
Anglo-Israel,  '  Chovevi-Zion,'  407,  453 
Anglo-Saxon  ghost-words,  271 
Angus  collection  of  Baptist  books,  459 
Animals,  dead,  exposed  on  trees  and  walls,  149,  457 
Animals,   extraordinary  contemporary,  309,  398, 

515 

Anna,  place-name,  its  meaning,  268,  312,  417 
Anne  (Queen)  and  metropolitan  churches,  36,  435 
Anonymous  literature,  81 

Anonymous  Works : — 

Animadversions  upon  a  Letter,  28 

Baal  ;    or,  Sketches  of  Social  Evils,  169 

Chesterfield  Burlesqued,  1811,  368 

Epulum  Parasiticum,  130,  177 

Essay  on  Woman,  33,  90 

French  biographies,  1866,  128 

Horse  Guards,  1850,  368 

Letters  Left  at  the  Pastrycook's,  427,  475 

Lights  in  Lyrics,  1859,  430 

Love-a-la-Mode,  1663,  490 

Marriage   Bites,    Customs,    and    Ceremonies, 
28,  73,  158 

Anonym,  bibliographical  term,  484,  485 

Anonyma,  bibliographical  term,  484 
Anscombe  (A.)  on  Hove,  156 

Hwinca,  226 
«'  Antonio   Nati,    Bomano,"    book   dedicated   to, 

1591,  288 

Antiparistasis,  its  meaning,  127,  270 
Antraigues  (Comte  d')  murdered  at  Barnes*  67. 

152 

Anvers  (Bobert  de)  and  Gilbert  de  Basevil,  29 
Apoconym,  bibliographical  term,  485 
Apocryph,  bibliographical  term,  485 


522 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Apostles  suffering  from  toothache,  121 
Apparitions,  Irish,  35  ;    Cornish,  51,  117 
Apperson  (G.  L.)  on  Bough-pot,  257 

Ellison,  Henry,  95 

Meschianza,  258 

"  Sinews  of  war,"  218 

Wave,  tenth,  511 
Apperson   (M.   H.)  on  "As  the  farmer  sows  his 

seed,"  217 
Applause,  Parliamentary,  earliest  use,  248,    296, 

376,  452 

«'  Apple- John  face,"  meaning  of  the  phrase,  308 

Apples  :    their  names,  15,  215 

Ap  Rhys  on  church  of  Llantwit  Major,  338 

Arabic-English,  errors  in,  284,  336 

Arabic  numerals,  on  a  brass  at  Winchester,  187  ; 

their  present  form,  368 

Arabic  vowels,  their  transliteration,  285,  335 
Arachne  House,  Strand-on-the-Green,  290,  373 
Archer  (H.  G-.)  on  field  memorials  to  sportsmen,509 

London  statues  and  memorials,  493 
Arkle  (A.  H.)  on  frost  prints,  433 

Rutbwell  Cross,  217 
Arms  :    of  English  Roman  Catholic  Bishops,  228, 

316,    458  ;     of   Sussex,    230,    332  ;     of   married 

women,  429 
Army,    regimental    marches    in,    167,    312,    352, 

377,  457 

Army  Lists,  their  history,  489 

Arnold  (Benedict),  his  sons,  50,  98 

Arnold  (Matthew)  on  pigeons,  149,  198 

Arrowsmith  (J.)  on  Chrystal  Magna,  89 

Art  on  medal  of  Charles  L,  68 

Arundell  (Richard),  Master  of  the  Mint,  1738,  467 

Arville  (T.  d')  flying  achievement,  1851,  250 

Askew  or  Ayscough  family,  8 

Askwith  or  Asquith,  surname  and  place-name,  37 

Asquith  or  Askwith,  surname  and  place-name,  37 

Astarte  on  "  Protector's  Head,"  inn  sign,  30 

Tiger  folk-lore  and  Pope,  88 
Attorney-General  to  the  Queen,   the  office,   110, 

170,  217 

Augustinian  Cardinal  :   Mount  Grace,  234 
Auervaldsnaes  Church,  Norway,  obelisk  at,  249,  394 
Austin  (Roland)  on  Gloucestershire  poll-books,  124 
Australian  clay,  Wedgwood  pottery  of,  261,  412 
Aviation,  derivation  of  the  word,  186,  250 
Avoca  or  Ovoca,  place-name,  308,  397,  437,  497 
•"  Away,"  unrecorded  use  of  the  word,  364 
Axon  (W.  E.  A.)  on  British  provincial  book -trade, 
141 

Jean  Paul  in  English,  161 

Lickbarrow  (Isabella),  403 

Hanging,  recovery  from,  86 
Ayeahr  on  advertising  epitaph,  503 

Anna,  a  place-name,  312 

Anonymous  works,  73 

Augvaldsnaes  Church,  Norway,  249 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  55 

Briefs  in  1742,  375 

Crabble,  a  place-name,  312 

Elizabeth's  ( Queen),  Day,  432 

Fifteenth  Light  Dragoons,  227 

Hampstead  in  song,  296,  458 

Initial  letters  instead  of  words,  177 

Moon  legends,  456 

'  Old  Mother  Hubbard  '  :    its  author,  27 

Pimlico  :    Eyebright,  457 

Round  Oak  Spring,  9 

Rushlights,  76 

Scots  Greys  :    regimental  history,  396 

Snod  grass  as  a  surname,  113 


Surrey  Gardens,  78 

Wine  used  at  Holy  Communion,  96 
Ayscough  or  Askew  family,  8 
B.  (C.  C.)  on  crows  and  rain,  137 

Ellison,  Henry,  95,  197 

Glamis  mystery,  396 

Hippocrates  legend,  53 

"  His  end  was  peace,"  517 

Hornsey  and  Highgate,  156 

Jean  Paul  in  English,  293 

Kingsley's  '  Lorraine,'  497 

Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  237 

Pink  saucer,  78 

Promethean,  54 

Sleep,  Latin  lines  on,  17 

Snakes  drinking  milk,  335 

Stuffed  chine,  78 

Tennyson  :    '  The  Poet,'  148 

Tin  tag  el  :    its  pronunciation,  195 

Toothache,   196 

Waterloo  :    Charlotte,  338 
B.  (C.  W.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  295 

"  Stumpy  &  Rowdy,"  287 
B.  (F.)  on  clergy  in  wigs,  392 

Elizabeth  (Queen),  her  household,  147 
B.  (G.  R.)  on  Bennett  of  Baldock,  191,  393 

Wynne  (Peter),  490 
B.  (G.  F.  R.)  on  Henry  Bickerton,  148 

Cookes  (Dean),  130 

Hyde  Hatch,  148 

Reynolds  on  an  equestrian  statue,  129 

Skyrme  (C.),  148 

B.  (G.  S.)  on  Naval  Volunteers  in  1795,  106 
B.  (H.)  on  paradigma,  427 
B.  (H.  I.)  on  Omar  Khayyam  bibliography,  391 

Vowel-shortening,  176 

Wave,  tenth,  512 
B.  (H.  J.)  on  Cock-foster,  30 

Stoke,  Wirral,  parish  registers,  287 
B.  (I.  X.)  on  Greeks  and  Nature,  330 
B.  (J.)  on- Hartley  Coleridge,  49 
B.  (J.  F.)  on  "  Dandy  affair,"  1816,  49 
B.  (J.  T.)  on  waney  timber,  490 
B.  (R.)  on  Benedict  Arnold,  98 

Candle-making,  restriction  on,  387 

"  Cardinal  "  of  St.  Paul's,  173 

De  St.  Philibert,  73 

French  anonymous  biographies,  128 

Initial  letters  instead  of  words,  176 

Jurisdiction,  special,  368 

Mitred  abbots,  455 

Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell,  112 
B.  (R.)  on  Cardinal  of  St.  Paul's,  273 

Jurisdiction,  special,  512 

Leech's  etchings  on  steel,  247 
B — r  (R.)  on  epitaph  with  postscript,  503 

Femmer,  75 

Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  438 
B.  (R.  S.)  on  Arundell,  Master  of  the  Mint,  467 

Edwards  of  Halifax,  94,  315 

Emigrants  to  America,  396 

Fleet  Prison,  110 

Gerard  (Ebenezer),  446 

Jurisdiction,  special,  418 

King's  Silver  :    Lincoln  College,  117 

Milton  :    engraved  portraits,  445 

Union  Light  Dragoons,  1780,  49 
B.  (S.)  on  snakes  drinking  milk,  418 
B.  (T.  W.)  on  Promethean,  54 
B.  (W.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  173,  497 

Dolls  in  magic,  272 

France  (Anatole)  :    '  Garden  of  Epicurus,'  273 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


523 


B.  (W.  )  on  Haldane,  396 

Hampstead  in  song,  458 

Kingsley'a  '  Lorraine,'  278 

Kniphofia,  438 

Sabariticke,  33,  134 

B.  (W.  C.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  295, 
454,  514 

Banstead  :    races  and  mutton,  246 

Birth  announcements,  266 

Booth  of  Kame,  Cornwall,  517 

Boy-bishop,  506 

Campbell  :    pronunciation,  338 

Christmas  at  Selby  Abbey,  1397,  506 

Christmas  bibliography,  505 

Dickens  on  half -baptized,  90 

Electricity  in  agriculture,  207 

Elizabeth's  (Queen)  Day,  381 

Fifteen  O's,  506 

Flying  machines  :    aviation,  186 

Johnson  (Robert),  his  '  World,'  125 

Mistletoe,  506 

Names  terrible  to  children,  509 

Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  152 

Quivel  (Peter),  Bishop  of  Exeter,  215. 

Spelling  reform,  226 

Toothache,  121 

"  Votes  for  women,"  47 

Wave,  tenth,  445 

Wharf,  318 

Baal  fires  near  Belper,  206,  251,  315,  353,  391,  456 
Babin  (Jacques),  ex-noble,  his  execution,  428,  474 
Backhouse  (Capt.)  and  Col.  Stepkin,  1648,  209,  255 
Baddeley  (St.  Clair)  on  Cotteswold  in  Italian,  325 
Badges,  roses  as,  87,  174,  218  ;   on  book-plates,  289 
Bacloario  (Bonaventura),  his  biography,  234 
Bahamian  on  Johnsoniana,  8 
Baily  (Johnson)  on  Michaelmas  Day,  194 
Baldock  (G.  Yarrow)  on  Alderman's  Walk,  354 

Regimental  marches,  352 

Scots  Greys,  396 
Bale,  midday  at,  310,  392 
Bale  madness,  the  legend,  310,  392 
Ball  (E.  J.)  on  Booth  of  Rame,  448 
Ball  (F.)  on  plane  sailing  or  plain  sailing,  352 
Ballard  (John),  '  D.N.B.,'  on,  114 
Balzac  and  Heine,  a  coincidence,  109 
Bandy  Leg  Walk,  Southwark,  390,  438 
Banishment  certificate,  1789,  230 
Bank-note,  military,  1805,  389,  437 
Banstead  :   races  and  mutton,  c.  1733,  246 
^Baptism :      Dickens    on    half -baptized,      29,    90, 

135,  256,  294 

Baptist  books,  Angus  collection,  459 
Baptistery  font,  Florence,  Ruskin  on,  88 
Barbary  pirates  off  Devonshire,  189 
Barber  surgeons  and  dentistry,  216 
Bargehouse,  King's  old,  early  picture,  88 
Barham  (Richard  H,),  Cardinal  of  St.  Paul's,  173, 

273 

Backing,  Friends'  burial  ground  at,  31,  150,  237 
Barlow  (Wm.),   two  bishops   of  the  name,    367, 

412,  474 
Barnewell    (Henry),    Prebendary    of    Rochester, 

448,  516 

Barrar,  use  of  the  word,  358 
Barrili  (Anton  Giulio),  his  '  L'Undecimo  Comanda- 

mento,'  358,  437 

Barren  (C.),  of  19,  Pall  Mall,  69,  114 
Barrule  on  Accession  coins  and  medals,  130 
Barton  (Capt.),  of  H.M.S.  Lichfield,  249,  334,  416 
Barum,  meaning  of  the  word,  452 
Basevil  (Gilbert  de)  and  Robert  de  Anvcrs,  29 


Basire  (Dr.  Isaac),  chaplain  to  Charles  I.  and  II., 

128 

Basset,  Englefield,  Basevil,  and  Anvers,  29 
Bastinado  as  English  military  punishment,   246, 

355,  397 

Baveno,  Roman  inscription  at,  107,  193.  296 
Baydon,  Cumberland,  place-name,  c.  1619.  249,  335 
Bayley  (A.  R.)  on  Archbishop  of  Dover,  218 

Beauford  (Dr.),  Rector  of  Camelford,  349,  458 

Clergy,  inferior,  their  appellations,  251 

Crowmer  (William)  :    Watts  of  Sussex,  232 

Dighton  (Richard),  caricaturist,  454 

Ellison  (Henry),  95 

Fraser  I.  (James)  of  Phopachy,  330 

Gray  of  Denne  Hill,  Kent,  196 

Harvey's  birthplace,  117 

John  of  Gaunt 's  arms,  116 

Pym  (John),  his  mother,  309 

Raid  of  the  Bishop  of  Norwich,  516 

Raleigh's  house  at  Brixton,  411 

Roses  as  badges,  218 

St.  Andrew's  Cross,  155 

Stepkin  (Col.)  and  Capt.  Backhouse,  255 
Bayne  (D.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  348 
Bayne  (T.)  on  buff,  216 

Campbell :    pronunciation,  278 

Cock,  white,  v.  the  Devil,  34 

Creole  folk-lore,  36 

Cromwell  and  the  117th  Psalm,  436 

Dunbar  and  Henryson,  277 

French  words  in  Scotch,  133 

Hudson  (Jeffrey)  the  dwarf,  518 

Jonson  (Ben),  his  name,  38 

Kingsley's  '  Lorraine,'  452 

Milton  and  Christ's  College,  72 

Sabariticke,  33 

Shakespeare's  epitaph,  396 

Shakespeariana,  166 

Stymie  at  golf,  15,  192 

Wave,  tenth,  511 

Bazaar  :    "  T'  Wife  Bazaar,"  118,  237,  276 
Beaconsfield  (Lord)  and  the  primrose,  486 
Beardshaw  (H.  J.)  on  Widow  Maurice,  print er,158, 
Beating,  proverb  on,  15,  152 
Beating :  Woman  and  walnut  tree,  15 
Beauford  (Dr.),  Rector  of  Camelford,  349,412,458 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  '  Knight  of  the  Burning 

Pestle,'  427 
Beaven  (A.  B.)  on  Aldermen  of  Bishopsgate,  466 

Aldermen  of  London,  167 

Attorney-General  to  the  Queen,  171 

Brembre  or  Brambre,  306 

Constables  of  the  Tower,  70 

Gordon  (Dr.  W.)  of  Bristol,  416 

Hoppner  (R.  Belgrave),  417 

Officer  of  the  Pipe,  350 

Pigott  (Sir  Arthur  Leary),  513 

Sheriffs  of  London,  167 

Wise  (H.  C.),  55 

Beddows  (H.  T.)  on  Eleanor  Wood,  *77 
Bedwell  (C.  E.  A.)  on  Sir  A.  Leary  Pigott,  514 
Beechey  (E.  M.)  on  Capt.  W.  Bennett,  488 
Bees,   telling  the,   97  ;    and  lucky  days,   Chinese 
;     belief,  285 

Bell  customs  at  Sibson,  Leicestershire,  430 
Bellewes  (G.  O.)  on  Addison's  maternal  ancestry, 
201,  292 

Lawrence  (John),  clerk,  of  Stamford,  410 

Stubbs  (Philip),  308 
Bellot  (James)  of  Caen,  c.  1580,  450 
Bells  rung  backwards,  335 
Belper,  Baal  fires  near,  206,  251,  315,  353,  391,  456 


524 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Benedictine,  manufacture  of  the  liqueur,  469 
Bennet  (Capt.  Francis)  and  Capt.  W.  Bennett,  488 
Bennett  (Capt.  W.)  and  Capt.  Francis  Bennet,  488 
Bennett  family  of  Baldock,  191,  393 
Bensly  (E.)  on  Abracadabra,  156 

Alexandrian  Library  at  Milan,  158 

Authors   of   quotations   wanted,    16,   55,    74, 
113,  173,  332,  476 

"  Better  an  old  man's  darling,"  375 

Burton's  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  383 

Classical  quotations,  374 

Crashaw  and  Maximilian  Sandseus,  307 

Hastle,  377 

Hippocrates  legend,  35 

"  His  end  was  peace,"  517 

King's    '  Classical   and   Foreign  Quotations,' 
126,  507 

Meschianza,  97 

Philip  II.  of  Pom  crania,  415 

Proverb  on  beating,  152 

Roman  inscription  at  Baveno,  193 

Romans  at  York,  134 

Seventeenth-century  quotations,  270,  356,  515 

"  Sinews  of  war,"  137 

Spanish  works  in  Borrow,  276 

Storks  and  Commonwealths,  438 

Voreda,  Roman  town,  317 
Bergerode  in  map  of  Lancashire,  1610,  407 
Bernau  (C.  A.)  on  maps,  77 
Beveridge  (H.)  on  Milton's  father-in-law,  281 
Bibliographical  technical  terms,  81,  484 
Bibliography:  — 

Book  margins,  72 

Book  trade,  provincial,  1641-67,  141 

Books  sold  by  the  ton,  35 

Burney  (C.),  '  History  of  Music,'  57 

Burton  (Robert),  383 

Castle  architecture,  256 

Cheapside  Cross,  57 

Christinas,  505 

Dodsley  (Robert),  103,  243,  305,  403 

Del  Rio's  '  Disquisitionum  Magicarum,'  276 

Dugdale  and  Thorp  MSS.,  328 

'  England's  Parnassus,'  1600,  4,  84,  182,  262, 
362,  444 

'  Epulum  Parasiticum,'  130,  177 

Hampstead  in  song,  187,  296,  377 

Holyoake  (G.  J.),  479 

Johnson  (Robert),  his  '  World,'  125 

Madan  pedigrees,  256 

Omar  Khayyam,  307,  391 

'  Original  Poetry  by  Victor  and  Cazire, '  224 

Priests,  marriage  of,  1549,  and  1556,  475 

Richter  (Jean  Paul),  161,  254,  293 

Shadow  shows,  257 

Biblos  on  German  leather  bindings,  369 
Bickerton  (Henry),  Westminster  scholar,  1739,  148 
Billieul  (F.),  engraver  of  calligraphy,  168 
Bindings,  German  leather,  369 
Biographies,  French  anonymous,  1866,  128 
Bird-catching,  charming-bells  for,  48,  94 
Birth  announcements,  new  form,  266 
Birth  with  teeth,  Japanese  instance,  453 
Bishop,  boy,  at  Rotherham,  506 
Bishop,  first  English,  to  marry,  366,  412,  474 
Bishops,   arms  of  English   Roman  Catholic,   128, 
316,  458  ;  lists  of,  309,  377  ;  and  Parliamentary 
elections,  390 

Bishopsgate,  Aldermen  of,  466 
Black  (W.  G.)  on  Indian  magic,  428 
Blackborough    (William),    his    relationship    with 
Hilton,  488 


Blackman  (A.  M.)  on  Blackman—  Fairway,  70 
Blackman  (John)=  Anne  Fairway,  c.  1740,  70 
Blacksmiths  and  dentistry,  216,  416,  474 
Bladud  on  "  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  14 
"  Making  buttons,"  13 
Man  in  the  almanac.  56 
Blake  (Sergeant  Valentine  H.),  d.  at  Christchurch. 

N.Z.,  287 

Blake  (William),  his  residence  in  Lambeth,  258 
Bleackley  (Horace)  on  Cheshire  the  Hangman,  16T 
Child  (Miss),  her  elopement,  293 
Day  (Nancy),  Lady  Fenhoulet,  406 
Eighteenth  century,  poor,  361 
Johnson  anecdote,  427 
Lauder  (Mr.),  Scottish  vocalist,  288 
Parsons  (Nancy),  Lady  Maynard,  447 
'  Sobriquets  and  Nicknames,'  174 
Bletchingly  Place,  before  1680,  9 
"  Blooding  a  witch,"  215 
Blount  (B.)  on  Newton  and  the  cat,  188 
Bocca  mortis,  mea,ning  of  the  term,  108 
Bodenham  and  Ben  Jonson,  206 
Bolton  (W.)  on  Gedney  Church,  310 
Bombay  regiment,  1662-5,  its  history,  1 
Bonaparte  (Joseph)  in  England,  109 
Bonaparte   (Napoleon),   on  the  Northumberland,. 
3,  64,  162  ;    ode  to,  190,  258  ;    his  carriage  at 
Waterloo,  275 

Bonassus,  wonderful  animal,  90,  138,  318,  392 
Bonfire,  456 

Bonfires  or  bonefires,  251,  315,  353,  391 
"  Bonnie  Cravat,"  the  sign,  365,  458 
Book  margins,  72 
Book-plates,  badges  on,  289 
Book*-trade,  British  provincial,  1641-67,  141 
Books  recently  published  ; — 

JEschvlus,  Seven  against  Thebes,  ed.  Tucker,. 

119 
Ashton's  (A.)  More  Truth,  Wit,  and  Wisdom^ 

439 

Ashton's  (A.  J.)  Intermediate  English  Gram- 
mar, 279 

Association    for    Preservation    of    Memorials 
of  the  Dead,   Ireland  :    Journal  for  1907, 
360 
Bale's  (J.)  Dramatic  Writings,  ed.  by  Farmer,. 

339 
Beaven's   (A.  B.)  Aldermen    of    the  City  of 

London,  339 
Bernan's   (C.   A.)   International  Genealogical3 

Directory,  380 

Burlington  Magazine,  40.    120,  200,  378,  480  ;. 
Burnet  (Bp.  G),  Life  by  Clarke  and  Foxcroft,. 

419 

Burton's  (J.  Hill)  The  Bookhunter,  179 
Bury's  (Lady  C.)  Diary  of  a  Lady -in- Waiting,, 

259 

Cable's  (Hall)  My  Story,  399 
Cambridge    History    of    English    Literature :: 

Vol.  II.  End  of  the  Middle  Ages,  199 
Catalogue  of  tha  Library  of  Charles  Darwin,. 

compiled  by  H.  W.  Rutherford,  79 
Caulfeild's    (S.    F.   A.)   House   Mottoes    and1 

Inscriptions,  318 
Clarke's  (T.  E.  S.)  Life  of  Bp.  Gilbert  Burnet,. 

419 
Cooper's  (C.  H.)  Annals  of  Cambridge,  Vol.  V.,. 

58 
Dalbiac's   (P.   H.)   Dictionary   of  Quotation* 

(French),  399 

Darwin  (Charles),  Catalogue  of  his  Library,. 
79 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


525 


3ooks  recently  published  :— 

Dekker's  (T.)  Satiro-Mastix,  80 
Ditchfield's  (P.  H.)  Old-Time  Parson,  359 
Documents  relating  to  the  office  of  the  Revels, 
Time  of  Elizabeth,  ed.  by  A.  Feuillerat,  SO 
Edinburgh  Review,  59,  498 
Englishwoman's  Year-Book,  519 
Fea's  (A.)  James  II.  and  his  Wives,  299 
Fitzgerald's   (P.)  Shakespearean  Representa- 
tion, 58 
Fletcher's  (Giles  and  Phineas)  Poetical  Works, 

ed.  F.  S.  Boas,  238 

Foxcroft's  (H.  C.)  Life  of  Bp.  G.  Burnet,  419 
Eriedlander's  (L.)  Roman  Life  and  Manners 
under  the  Early  Empire,  Vol.  1.,  trans,  by 
L.  A.  Magnus,  377 

<ross's   (C.   W.   F.)   Descriptive  Bibliography 
of  the  Writings  of  George  Jacob  Holyoake, 
479 
Harbottle  (T.  B.)    Dictionary   of    Quotations 

(French),  399 

Henslowe's  Diary,  ed.  by  W.  W.  Greg,  160 
Holland's   (Elizabeth,   Lady)  Journal,    1791- 

1811,  498 
Holyoake's  (G.  J.)  Writings,  Bibliography  by 

Goss,  479 

Hoyer's  (M.  A.)  By  the  Roman  Wall,  318 
Hughes's  (T.)  History  of  the  Society  of  Jesus 
in  North  America— Documents,  Vol.  I.,  279 
Johnson  on  Shakespeare,  ed,  Raleigh,  199 
Keats's  (J.)  Poetical  Works,  ed.  Forman,  80 
TLecky's  (W.  E.  H.)  Historical  and  Political 

Essays,  359 

Mac-kail's  (J.  W.)  Coleridge's  Literary  Criti- 
cism, 99 
Marston's     (E.)     Thomas     K>n     and     Izaak 

Walton,  278 

Morris's  (M.  C.  P.)  Nunburnholme  :    its  His- 
tory and  Antiquities,  79 
"New  English  Dictionary,   ed.    Craigie,    159  ; 

ed.  Bradley,  478 

Palmer's  (A.  S.)  Ideal  of  a  Gentleman,  138 
Quarterly  Review,  239,  459 
Sacred  Poets  of  Nineteenth  Centurv,  ed .  Miles, 

99 

•Scots  Peerage,  ed.  Sir  J.  B.  Paul,  Vol.  V.,  18 
"Shakespeare  (W.),  Johnson  on,   ed.  Raleigh, 

199 
^Shakespeare  Apocrypha,  ed.  by  C.  F.  Tucker 

Brooke,  IS 
•Simpson's     (E.    B.>    Folk-lore    in    Lowland 

Scotland,  399 

'Skipsey  (Joseph),  by  R.  Spence  Watson,  519 
"Smith's   (W.)   Evesham  and  the  Neighbour- 
hood, 99 
Sophocles'  Tragedies,  trans,  by  E.  H.  Plump- 

tre,  160 
Stow's  (J.)  Survey  of  London,  ed.  Kingsford, 

359 
:Stubbs's  (W.)  Germany  in  the  Early  Middle 

Ages,  219 

'Thackeray,  ed.  Saintsbury,  Vols.  I.-VL,  259 
Tudor  Facsimile  Texts,  Issues  for,  1907-8,  439 
Watson's  (R.  Spence)  Joseph  Skipsey,  519 
Webb's   (S.   and  B.)   English   Local*  Govern- 
ment :    the  Manor  and  the  Borough,  39 
Whitaker's  Almanack  and  Peerage,  1909,  519 
Who  's  Wrho— Who  's  Who  Year-Book,  1909, 

519 

Writers'  and  Artists'  Year-Book,  1909,  519, 
Books  sold  by  the  ton,  35 
Bookseller,  earliest  use  of  the  word,  369 


Booksellers'  catalogues,  19,  59,  99,  140,  200,  23,), 

280,  319,  378,  400,  420,  440,  460,  499,  520 
Booth  family  of  Rame,  Cornwall,  448,  517 
Boot-top,  verbal  use  of  the  word,  225 
Borrow  (George),  Spanish  works  in  '  The  Xincali  ' 

150,  276 

Bough-pot,  meaning  of  the  word.  208,  257 
Bower  (Col.  John),  our  oldest  military  officer,   97 
Bowls  for  reception  of  fees,  46,  98 
Boy-Bishop  at  Rotherhain,  506 
Boydetl  (Alderman  John),  his  gifts  to  the  Guild- 
hall, 101 

Boy  Scouts,  their  war-song,  225 
Bradbrook  (W. )  on  Erasmus  Williams,  258 
Bradbury  (W.  L.)  on  '  Punch  '  Exhibition,  327 
Braddon  (Paul),  water-colour  artist,  417 
Bradlaugh  (Charles)  on  Monism  and  Spinoza,  347 
Bradley  (H,)  on  "  Sabariticke,"  53 

Walterloo :  Charlotte,  271 
Bramwell   family,   sextons    of   Chapel-en-le-Frith, 

277  years,  246 
Brass  as  a  surname,  74,  1 36 
Brassington  ( W.  S, )  on  Shakespeare  Visitors'  Books, 

515 
Breakspear  (Nicholas),  Pope  Adrian  IV.,  his  death, 

449 

Bream's  Buildings,  origin  of  the  name,  127 
Bremar  (Mrs.),  her  ladies'  school,  Blackheath  Hill. 

30 
Brembre    (Tresilian),    executed    1388,    236  ;     his 

name,  306,  458,  516 

Breslar  (M.  L.  R.)  on  Alderman's  Walk,  290 
'  Chovevi-Zion, '  453 
De  Tabley  (Lord),  229 
Ellison  (Henry),  8,  95,  137 
"  His  end  was  peace,''  517 
Jean  Paul  in  English,  294 
Jonson  (Ben),  his  name,  158 
Longfellow's  '  Psalm  of  Life,'  272 
Lopez  (Sir  Menasseh  Massey),  96 
Mediterranean,  456 
Moloker,  Yiddish  term,  435 
Parnell  (C.  S.),  his  descent,  210 
Pearl,  236 

Pinto  (Mendez),  488 
Salarino,  Salanio,  and  Salerio,  132,  333 
Shacklewell  Lane,  126 
Worksop  epitaphs,  503 

Brett  (Sir  Alexander),  killed  1627,  289,  352,  417 
Brett  family,  289,  352,  417 
Brettenham  Park.  Suffolk,  and  Joseph  Bonapaite, 

109 

Brickwork,  rod  as  measure  for,  388 
Bridal  stones,  329,  394,  515 
Bridge  with  figures  of  the  Saviour,  476 
Briefs  in  1742,  330,  375 
British  Association,  Huxley  and  Bishop  S.  Wilber- 

force  at,  209,  335 

British  Isles,  statues  and  memorials  in,  387 
British  provincial  book  trade,  1641-67,  141 
Britons,  their  castle  architecture,  255 
Brixton,  Sir  W.  Raleigh's  house  at,  348,  411 
Broadley  (A.  M.)  on  the  Grand  Khaibar,  107 
Somers  (Sir  George),  28 
Williams  (Erasmus),  208 
Brooke  (C.  F.  T.),  his  'Shakespeare  Apocrypha,' 

345 

Brown  (J.)  on  Campbell,  393 

Brown  (Madox),  his  painting  of  Howe's  victory,407 
Browne  (SirT.),  quotation  from  '  Hydriotaphia,'  56 
Browning     (Elizabeth     Barrett),     inscription     at 
Florence  on,  224 


526 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Bruce   (William),   physician  to   King  of   Poland 

249,  298 

Bruges,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  408,  473 
Brunswick  (Duke  of)  and  Brunswick  Hotel,  289 
Brutus  on  Ovoca  or  Avoca  ?  308 
Buccado,  meaning  of  Spanish  word,  87,  137 
Budgee  a  kind  of  ape,  89,  137,  253 
Buff,  earliest  reference  to  the  word,  170,  216 
Bulloch  (J.  M.)  on  banishment  certificate,  230 

Bruce  (William),  in  Poland,  249 

Castleman  family,  69 

Gordon  (first  Duke  of),  his  birth,  7 

Gordon  (Lady  Charlotte),  10 

Gordon  (Lord  Robert),  89 

Gordon  (Dr.  W.)  of  Bristol,  349 

Gordon  and  Short  families,  330 

Gordons  of  Messina,  8 

Mysteries  of  Embo  baronetcy,  234 

'  National  Journal,'  1746,  49 

"  Parthenopaeus  Hereticus,"   149 

Pennecuik  (Alex.)  and  the  Louvre,  189 
Buns,  cross  sign  on,  157 
Burgoyne  (F.  J.)  on  London  statues  and. memorials, 

258 
Burial-ground  of  St.   George's,   Hanover  Square, 

8,  57 

Burial-grounds;  Nonconformist,  31,  150,  237,  334 
Burials  at  Nice  :    Capt.  James  King,  57 
Burmester  (F.)  on  "  Plus  je  connais  les  homines," 

188 
Burnev  (Charles),  collation  of  '  History  of  Music,' 

9,  57 

Burton  (Robert),  his  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  383 

Butler  (Billy),  the  hunting  parson,  310,  395*  453 

Butler  (J.  C.)  on  Billy  Butler,  310 

Butler  (John)  of  Mullaghowny,  temp.  Charles  I. .290 

Butler  (Samuel)  and  toothache,  122 

Butterworth  (Major  S.)  on  Hartley  Coleridge,  118 

Buxton,  antiquities  of,  16.°.,  218 

Byron    (G.    G.,    sixth    Lord),     '  Childe    Harold.' 

"Canto  IV.,  275,  312 
Byron  (William,  fifth  Lord),  duel  with  Mr.  Cha- 

Vorth,  244 

C.  (A.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  268 
C.  (A.  B.)  on  anonymous  works,  28 
C.  (F.  H.)  on  Joseph  Bonaparte  in  England,  109 
C.-D.  (F.  H.)  on  Manor  House  c.  1300;  450 
C.  (G.)  on  Skalinges  :    Scabulonious,  228 
C.  (G.  E.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  497 

'  D.N.B.'  :    additions  and  corrections,  58 

Sheriffs  of  London,  238 
C.  (H.)  on  Hawkins  family  and  arms,  472 
C.  (H.  H.  T.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  68 

Gladstone's  last  moments,  68 
C.  (J.)  on  military  bank-note,  389 
C.  (L.)  on  French  coat  of  arms,  295 
C.  (P.  M.  M.)  on  Coxe  of  Clent  and  Swynford,  29 

Mason  of  Stapleton,  28 
C.  (S.)  on  Philip  II.  of  Pomerania,  349 
C.  (S.  D.)  on  Buxton,  218 

Smallpox  hospital  in  1804,  232 
C.  (W.  F.)  on  Amphilis,  female  name,  289 

St.  Godwald,  268 

Ca.  (W.  P.)  on  Cornish  and  other  apparitions.  51 
Cabinet  and  House  of  Lords,  1835  and  1908,  486 
Cadey=  a  hat,  its  origin,  147,  198,  277,  374 
Calligraphy,  Italian,  168 
Cambridge     University :      Christ's     College     and 

Milton,  30,  72  ;    early  lists,  36 
Camilford,  Rector  of,  412 

Campbell,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  228,  278, 
338,  393,  432 


Campbell  (G.  W.)  on  Scottish  University  arms,  36> 
Canadian  natural  dyes,  books  on,  348,  495 
Candle-making,  restriction  upon,  1769,  387 
Canning  (George),  original  portraits,  53 
Cannon  (Miss  K.  L.)  on  "  Fit  as  a  fiddle,"  188 
Cannon  on  Eridge  Green,  c.  1768,  226 
Cantianus  on  Prebendary  Henry  Barnewell,  516 
Capital  punishment,   for  high  treason,  229,   314, 

354  ;    offences  punished  by  in  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, 289,  392 

Cap  of  Liberty,  and  Wilkes,  52 
Card  terms,  1559-97,  468 
Cardinal  of  St.  Paul's,  85,  173,  235,  273 
Caricature  :    Once  I  was  alive,  16 
Carlyle    (T.),     '  Oliver    Cromwell's    Letters    and 

Speeches,'  376  ;    on  the  griffin,  509 
Carnmarth  and  Lannarth,   Cornish  place-names, 

252 

Carnousie,  barony  of,  its  history,  421 
Caroline  (Queen)  and  Lord  Denman,  51,  94 
Caroline  as  a  masculine  name,  450 
Castle  architecture,  books  on,  255 
Castle  (Thomas),  botanist,  c.  1804-38,  111 
Castleman  family,  69 
Cat :   whipping  the  cat,  198 
Catgut  ruffles,  c.  1755,  189 
Celt  on  Oulds  in  Ireland,  268 
Certificate  of  banishment,  1789,  230 
Chafy  (W.  K.  W.)  on  clergy  in  wigs,  158 

Foote  (Samuel),  109 
Chalcot  Farm,  N.W.,  1800-50,  73 
Chalice  inscription,  1645,  78 
Chalk  Farm,  formerly  Chalcot  Farm,  73 
Chamberlain    (Commodore),    his    identities,    329, 

372,  437 
Chamberlen    (Hugo),    cenotaph    in    Westminster 

Abbey,  329,  437 

Chamberlin  (John),  of  Ratcliffe-on-Soarf  168 
Chambon,  engraver  of  calligraphy,   168 
Charles    I.,    medal    of,    68,    134  ;     his    cultus    in 

America,  227 

Charles  II.,  his  chemist  N.  Le  Fevre,  227 
Charlotte,  Christian  name,  its  pronunciation,  27  lr 

315,  338 

Charming-bells  for  bird-catching,  48,  94 
Charters,  Anglo-Saxon,  "  Minister  "  in,  109 
Chautauqua.  allusion  explained,  68 
Chaworth  (Wm.),  his  duel  with  fifth  Lord  Byron, 

244 

Cheapside  Cross,  its  bibliography,  57 
Chelsea,  Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  67,  110 
Cheney  family,  172 
Cherry  (K.)  on  Capt.  Barton,  249 
Cheshire    the    hangman,     assistant    executioner,. 

c.  1814,  167 

Chester  Sheriffs'   books   and   emigrants   to  Ame- 
rica, 326 

Chesterton  and  Hanley,  Staffs,  manors  of,  210 
Child    (Sarah    Anne),    elopement    with    Earl    of 

Westmorland,  248,  293 
Children,  at  executions,  254,  298  ;   names  terrible 

to,  509 

China,  willow  pattern,  story  inscribed,  98 
Chine,  stuffed,  30,  78,  155 
Chinese  and  the  smell  of  white  men,  54 
Chinese   folk-lore  :     bees   and   lucky   days,    285  ; 

moon  legend,  347,  456  ;   tiger  folk-lore,  358 
Chinese  legend  of  disobedient  son,  408 
Chloe    and   the   poet  Prior,    her  identity,   7,  77,. 

134 

'  Chovevi-Zion,'  Anglo-Israel  paper,  407,  453 
Christening  a  vessel  with  wine,  180 


ote    and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


527 


Christian  names  :    Amphilis,  289  ;    Caroline,  450  ; 
Charlotte,  271,  315,  338  ;    Ernisius,  388,  471  ; 
Haakon,  234,  277  ;   Nisidora,  348  ;   Thelma,  289 
Christmas  at  Selby  Abbey,  1397,  506 
Christmas  bibliography,  505 

Christmas  Day  and  Lady  Day,  their  connexion,  508 
Chrystal  Magna,  its  whereabouts,  89,  277 
Church,  meets  of  hounds  announced  in,  468,  515 
Church  notes  of  Sir  Stephen  Glynne,  441 
Churches  and  Lady  Chapels,  289 
Churches,  metropolitan,  built,  temp.  Queen  Anne, 

36,  435 

Circular,  netmaker's,  18th  cent.,  207 
Claret,  used  in  fountain,  507 
Claridge  (W.)  on  Forisfactura,  208 
Clarke  (Cecil)  on  "  Sweet  lavender,"  146 

"Entente  cordiale,"  37 

"  Ville  of  Sarre,"  268 
Clarke  (B.  S.)  on  Lord  Lake,  348 
Classicus  on  Whiff,  a  boat,  91 
Claugh  family,  289 

Clayton  (C.  E.  A.)  on  pharmacopoeia,  168 
Clayton  (H.  B.)  on  Elihu  Yale's  epitaph,  502 
Clayton  (H.  B.)  on  first  bishop  to  marry,  366 

Dublin  printer,  first,  106 

Duff,  early  mission  ship,  503 

Heath  (W.),  artist,  93 

Moon  legends,  347 

Regimental  marches,  457 
Clement  family,  69 
Clements  (H.  J.  B.)  on  Edwards  of  Halifax,  54 

Waldock  family,  78 
Clergy,  inferior,  their  early  appellations,  175,  250, 

353 

Clergy  in  wigs,  16,  78,  158,  356,  392 
Clerical  interments,  148,  233 
Cleveland  (General  J.  W.),  his  descent,  289 
Clindening  (G.  T.)  on  Glendonwyn  of  Glendonwyn, 

210 

Cluet  (Richard),  D.D.,  c.  1651,  his  burial-place,  148 
Coat  of  arms.     See  Heraldry. 
Cobberers  and  nutting  time,  185 
Cockburnspath,  place-name,  its  pronunciation,  430 
Cock-foster,  place-name,  its  derivation,  30,  94,  253 
Coffin  nails,  slang  for  cigarettes,  234 
Cohen  (H.)  on  Campbell,  338 
Coins  :   Victorian  florin  of  1849,  16,  77  ;  Accession 

and  Coronation,  130,  190,  230  ;   Turkish,  488 
Coleridge  (Hartley),  contributions  to  periodicals, 

49,  118 

Coles  (J.),  Jun.,  on  Billy  Butler,  453 
Colet  (Dean),  pronunciation  of  his  name,  249 
Collins  (F.  Howard)  on  plane  sailing,  316 

Whiff,  a  boat,  91 

Collins  (Mortimer),  his  writings,  249,  298 
Collins  (William),  references  in  letters  c.  1744  to, 

186 

Colomb  (G.)  on  Beaconsfield  and  the  primrose,  486 
Coltman    (George),    Receiver-General    in    Stamp 

Office,  489 

Com.  Ebor.  on  Hannah  Maria  Jones,  248 
Com.  Line,  on  steering-wheel,  98 
Comether,  its  derivation,  420,  469 
Comloquoy  surname,  187 
Commandment,  the  eleventh,  358,  437 
Commonwealths  and  storks,  368,  438 
Communion,  Holy,  wine  used  at 
Cope  (Mrs.  H.)  on  bishops  and  abbots,  309 

Conway  charter,  307 

Liang  ollen,  307 

Manor  Rolls,  309 

Mitred  abbots,  410 


Cope  (Mrs.  H.)  on  Regimental  marches,  457 

Scots  Greys  :    regimental  history,  396 

Scrope  (Adrian),  469 

Wrexham,  307 
Constable  family,  328 

Constables  of  the  Tower,  70,  118,  213,  277 
Donway,  its  Richard  II.  charter,  307 
Cook  (Capt.  James),  his  voyages,  69 
Cookes  (Dean),  Westminster  scholar,  1740,  130 
Coolidge  (W.  A.  B.)  on  Mediterranean,  351 
Cooper  (A.  W.)  on  Hoppner  and  Sir  T.  Frankland's 

daughters,  374 

Cope  (Rev.  Sir  Richard),  d.  1806,  his  preferments, 3 6 
Copland-Griffiths  (F.)  on  Sir  W.  Neville  Hart,  263 
Dorbet  (Peter )=  Valletort  (Isabel  or  Beatrice)$ 

168,  253 
Corfield  (Wilmot)  on  the  bonassus,  90 

Holwell,  (John  Zephaniah),  76 

London  statues  and  memorials,  124,  372 

Zoffany,  295 

Cornelia  on  "  As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed,"  273 
Corner  (S.)  on  Queen  Elizabeth's  Day,  477 
Cornish  and  other  apparitions,  35,  51,  117 
Coronation  coins  and  medals,  130,  190,  230 
Corpus  Christi  Day  observed  at  Oxford,  52 
Coryat  (T.),  monkey  story  in  his  '  Crudities,'  373  ; 

on  Mediolanum,  375 
Cosmogony,  heretical,  347 

Cotteswold,  Italian  references  to,  1315,  325,  398 
Council  Chamber,  Guildhall,  its  demolition,  101 
Counties,  manor  identification  in  divers,  48,  254  ; 

detached  parts  of,  428 
Counting  superstition,  137 
County  divisions,  368 
County  heraldry,  348 
Courtenay  (G.  H.)  on  Campbell,  278 

Caroline  as  a  masculine  name,  450 

Ode  to  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  190 
_ourtney  (C.)  on  Wilberforce  and  Huxley,  335 
Courtney  (W.  P.)  on  William  Collins  the  poet,  186 

Dodsley's  Famous  Collection  of  Poetry,  103 
243,  305,  403 

Inscriptions  at  Florence,  223 

Kent,  East  Indiaman,  477 
Coventry  (John  Eyre),  his  biography,  288 
Cowper  (Joseph  Meadows),  his  death,  340 
Cox  (W.  F.)  on  "  Jnay  Daultre,"  329 
Coxe  family  of  Clent  and  Swynford,  29,  115 
Coxon  (L.)  on  Rev.  John  Coxon,  368 
Coxon  (Rev.  John),  curate  at  Morpeth,  1754,  368 
Grabble,  place-name,  269,  312 
Crane  (H.  E.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds, 

152 

Crashaw  (R.)  and  Maximilian  Sandseus,  307 
Craven  family,  490 
Crawford  (C.)  on  crows  and  rain,  136 

'  England's  Parnassus,'  4,  84,  182,  262,  362, 
444 

Jonson  (Ben)  and  Bodenham,  206 
Crawford  (J.  R.)  on  the  National  Flag,  130 
Crawford  (O.  G.  S.)  on  Egypt  as  a  place-name,  447 

Icknield  Way,  490 
Crayfish,  onions,  and  snakes,  448 
Cremer  (Sir  W.  R.),  M.P.,  his  descent,  104 
Cremitt  money,  meaning  of  the  term,  106 
Cire  perdue  process,  89 
"  Cripple  carrying  "  in  church  books,  its  meaning, 

269 

Crocker  (Charles),  1797-1861,  his  poems,  489 
Cromran  on  Cromwell  and  117th  Psalm,  268 
Cromwell  (O.),  titles  conferred  by,  49,  112  ;    and 
117th  Psalm,  268,  436 


528 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


Crone  (J.  S.)  on  Irish  Rebellion  of  1798,  117 
Crook e  ( W. )  on  Indian  magic,  495 

Taine  "  Tenir  une  queue  de  vache,"  273 
"  Crooked  Billet,"  origin  of  the  sign,  38,  77 
Cross  on  hot  cross  buns,  157 
Cross,  Ruth  well,  Dumfriesshire,  168,  217 
Cross  Crosslet  on  Barbara  Villiers,  108 
Cross  Patte  on  "  The  Essex  Serpent,"  310 

"  William  the  Conqueror  ten  sixty -six,"  228 

O0tty  ( )  executed  in  Irish  Rebellion,  117 

Crouch  (C.  H.)  on  Baydon,  Cumberland,  335 

Madan  (Martin)  of  Nevis,  256 

Pickthall,  295 

Shakespeare  (John),  1732,  317 
Crow  (W.  Roberts)  on  Crowmer  (William) :  Watts 
family,  313 

Donegal  history,  469 

Nisidora  as  a  Christian  name,  348 

Roberts  family,  149 
Crowmer  family,  149,  232,  313 
Crows  crying  against  the  rain,  88,  136,  415 
Cuir-bouilli  :   Cuir-cisele,  German  leather  bindings, 

369 

Cull  (J.)  on  clergy  in  wigs,  78 
Cummings  (W.  H.)  on  Burney's  '  History  of  Music,' 

57 
Cummins  (A.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  68 

'  Pleasure  digging  his  own  Grave,'  89 
Cupples  (J.  G.)  on  "Protector's  Head,"  inn  sign, 

156 

Curious  on  Wharton  autobiography,  190 
Curious  House,  Greenwich,  469 
Curry  (J.  T.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  314 

Milton  and  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  72 

Seventeenth-century  quotations,  271 
Curtis  (J.)  on  Deville,  91 
D.  (A.  H.)  on  double-headed  eagle,  198 

Ranger  of  Greenwich  Park,  189 
D.  (C.)  on  Henry  Ellison,  95 
D.  (C.  E.)  on  steering-wheel,  48 
D.  (E.  F.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  428 
D.  (K.  F.)  on  Kniphofia,  333 
D.  (M.  G.)  on  T.  L.  Peacock,  138 
D.  on  Cap  of  Liberty,  52 

Clergy  in  wigs,  16 

"  Hors  d'oeuvre,"  255 

Mediterranean,  376,  495 

"  Upper  Thames,"  27 

Wotton  House,  7 

D.  (K.)  on  Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  252 
D.  (T.  F.)  on  "  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  95 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  514 

Boot-top  as  a  verb,  225 

Danzig  :  its  siege  in  1813, 130 

Fig  trees  :  maturing  meat,  96,  453 

Hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  75 

Heraldry  in  Froissart :   Pillow,  452 

London  statues  and  memorials,  494 

Man  in  the  almanac,  118 

Meschianza,  97 

Tunes,  old,  93 

Vigo  Bay,  1702-19,  98 
D.  (U.  J.)  on  clergy  in  wigs,  356 
D.  (W.  M.)  on  "  Merry  England,"  88 
Dale  (T.  C.)  on  John  Tetherington,  189 

Wesley  (John),  his  missing  letters,  367 
Dallas  (J.)  on  Bp.  Peter  Quivel,  30 
Dalton  (C.)  on  the  Bombay  Regiment,  1 

Douglas  (Capt.  Archibald),  181 
Dandy  affair,  1816,  49 

Danes'  Church,  Wellclose  Square,  c.  1696,  97,  154 
Daniel  family,  468 


Daniels  (H.  G.)  on  Hove,  216 

Dante  :    '  Inf.,'  xvi.  106-8,  302 

Danzig,  accounts  of  its  siege,  1813,  130,  193 

Darwin  (Erasmus),  his  lines  on  Sydney  Cove,  261, 

412 

Darwin  (G.  H.)  on  Sydney,  1789-1908,  412 
Dasent  (A.  I.)  on  first  Speaker  of  the  House  of" 

Commons,  388 
Davey  (H.)  on  Shakespeare  and  geography,  346 

Shakespeare  the  actor,  346 
Davidson  (H.  A.)  on  T.  L.  Peacock,  9 
Davidson  clan,  7 

Davies  (A.  M.)  on  Dickens  and  the  lamplighter,  12? 
November  5  :    Guy  Fawkes,  496 
Tybiirn,  495 

Davis  (N.  D.)  on  Sir  Arthur  Leary  Pigott,  426 
Day  (Nancy),  Lady  Fenhoulst,  c.  1768,  406 
De  la  Motte  de  la  Garr6  family,  310 
De   Quincey   (T.),   on  toothache,    122  ;    and  the- 

tenth  wave,  511 
De  St.  Philibert,  c.  1206,  8,  73 
De  Tabley  (Lord),  portrait  of  H.  Thompson,  229 
Dean  (William),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  114 
Dear  :    "  O  dear  no  !  "  used  inter jectionally,  349,- 

395,  434,  516 
Death,  after  lying,  109,  157,  195,  274,  376  ;    leg^ 

growing  after,  506 

Death  warrants,  name  for  cigarettes,  234 
Deed  temp.  Edward  III.,  Norman-French,  168 
Deedes  (Prebendary  Cecil)  on  Ernisius,  472 

"  Presbyter  Incensatus,"  328 
Deedler,  the,  and  art  of  deedling,  66 
Defoe  (Daniel)  and  the  devil's  chapel,  134 
Demeuldre  (A.)  on  raid  of  Bishop  of  Norwich,  468^ 
Den  a  Gernow  on  early  law  terms,  29 
Denman  (A.)  on  Queen  Caroline,  51 
Denman  (Lord)  and  Queen  Caroline,  51,  94 
Dethick  family,  214 
Deuxsaint  family,  309 
Devil  called  the  Owd  Lad,  507 
Devil  v.  white  cock  in  British  folk-lore,  34 
Deville,  graphologist  and  phrenologist,  91,  157 
Devil's  chapel,  Defoe  on,  134 
Devizes  Market  Cross,  inscription  on,  195 
Devonshire,  Barbary  pirates  off,  189 
Dey  (E.  Merton)  on  Shakespeariana,  165,  424 
Dhai  (C.)  on  Davidson  clan,  7 
Dickens   (C.),   and  the  lamplighter's  ladder,    12  ; 

on  half-baptized,   29,   90,   135,   256,   294  :    sur- 
names of  his  characters,  327,  477,  517 
'  Dictionary    of    National    Biography,'    additions 

and  corrections,  58,  114,  366,  407,  426,  454 
'  Dictionary   of   National   Biography  :     Epitome,' 

183,  282 

Diego  on  county  heraldry,  348 
Dighton  (Richard),  caricaturist,  c.  1817,  407,  454 
Dingle  (A.  T.)  on  Isaac  Basire's  portrait,  128 
Dinners,  parish,  in  16th  and  17th  centuries,  57 
Directoire  gowns  in  16th-century  plaster,  326 
Disdaunted,  use  of  the  word,  328,  352,  377,  416,453 
Ditchfield  (P.  H.),  his  '  Old-Time  Parson,'  425,  496 
Ditchfield  (P.  H.)  on  '  The  Old-Time  Parson,'  425- 
Dixie  (Sir  Wolstan)  and  Dr.  Johnson,  343 
Dixon  (R.)  on  Benedict  Arnold,  98 

Horns ey  :    Highgate  and  Arabella  Stuart,  QS 
Snakes  drinking  milk,  335 

Dobell  (Sydney)  and  his  Edinburgh  friends,  66 
Doctor  on  Walker=  Ellen  Howard,  450 

Wood  (Eleanor),  367 
Dodsley   (R.),   famous   collection  of  poetry,    103, 

243,  305,  403 
Dogs  named  after  heathen  deities,  109 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


INDEX, 


529 


Dolls  in  magic,  118,  195,  272 

Dolls,  or  movable  posts  on  race  courses,    326,  453 

Donegal,  history  of  the  county,  469 

Donkeys,  measles,  and  whooping-cough,  326,  398 

Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  Chelsea,  67,  110,  252 

Dorveaux  (Dr.)  on  N.  La  Fevre,  227 

Doten  (Lizzie),  her  poem  '  Is  Life  Worth' Living,'  ? 

229,  295 
Douglas  (Capt.  Archibald),  d.  1710,  his  biography, 

181 

Dover,  Archbishop  of,  temp.  King  Canute  170,  218 
Dowling  (J.  N.)  on  Campbell,  393 
Dowry  Square,  Clifton,  the  place-name,  188,  334 
Dragoons  :     Union    Light,    1780,    49  ;     Fifteenth 

Light,  1804,  227 
Dramatists,  old  English,  conjectural  emendations, 

171 
Dryden  (J.),  lines  on  Sir  P.  Fairborne's  monument, 

328,  352,  377 

Du  Bartas  and  James  I.,  262 
Dublin  printer,  first,  106 
Duff,  early  Mission  Ship,  503 
Dugdale  and  Thorp  MSS.,  328 
Dunbar,  Cromwell  and  117th  Psalm  at  battle  of, 

268,  436 

Dunbar  (W.)  and  Henryson,  226,  277 
Dunghill  proverb,  13 

Dunkin  (E.  H.  W.)  on  William  Crowmer,  233 
Durand  (Col.  C.  J.)  on  Campbell,  393 

Guernsey  Lily,  456 

Dwarfs,  King  Edwin  and  his  army  of,  250 
Dwight  (T.  F.)  on  Shakespeare's  epitaph,  417 
Dyers'  Company  and  right  to  keep  swans,  449 
Dyes,  Canadian  natural,  books  on,  348,  495 
E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  "  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  56 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  108,  468 

Dolls  in  magic,  118 

"  Flash  of  lightning,"  a  liquor,  210 

High  treason,  229 

Eagle,  double-headed,  its  signification,  153, 198,  337 
Easby  (William)  of  Faceby,  North  Yorks,  470 
Edgcumbe  (R.)  on  "  Star  and  Garter,"  Pall  Mall, 

244 

Edinburgh,  derivation  of  the  name,  410,  473 
Edward  ITT.,  value  of  money  in  his  time,  320 
Edwards  (F.  A.)  on  Africa  first  crossed  :  L.  Vivaldi 
229 

Anonymous  works,  158 

Bishops  and  Abbots,  377 

Bookseller,  369 

Bridal  Stones,  516 

Corbet=  Valletort,  253 

Maps,  155 

Ovoca  or  Avoca,  397 
Edwards  (James)  of  Halifax,  his  librarv,  54,  94, 

315,  416 

Edwards  (J.  T.)  on  regimental  marches,  313 
Edwin  (King),  his  dwarfs  described  by  Goethe,  250 
Egypt  as  a  place-name,  447 
Eighteenth  century,  unconscientious  literary  work 

on,  361  ;    capital  punishment  in,  289,  392 
Elections,  Parliamentary,  and  bishops,  390 
Electricity  in  agriculture,  207 
Elephant  and  game,  picture  of  man  with,  109 
Eleventh  Commandment,  358,  437 
Elizabeth    (Queen),    her     household    and    Privy 
Council,   147,   276  ;    commemoration  day,   381, 
431,  477  ;    contemporary  compliment  to,  418 
111  (H.  G.)  on  Sergeant  V.  H.  Blake,  287 
Ellen  surname,  410 
Ellis  (A.  S.)  on  Alphonso  :    Haakon,  277 

Ernisius  :   a  proper  name,  471 


Ellis  family,  364 

Ellison  (Henry),  his  sonnets,  8,  95,  137,  197 
El-Serujah,  celebrated  pillar,  its  locality,  469 
Embsay,  canons  of,  and  Silsden  mill,  208 
Emeritus  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  68 

Buccado,  87 

Budgee,  a  kind  of  ape,  89 

Crows  and  rain,  136 

St.  Francis's  moon,  189 

Seventeenth-Century  quotations,  127 

Start=  ass,  328 

Storks  and  Commonwealths,  368 

Tarentine,  a  herb,  108 

Turkish  weights,  measures,  and  coins,  488 
Emeritus  on  crows  and  the  rain,  136 
Emigrants  to  America,  links  with  England,  326, 

396 

-eng,  surnames  ending  in,  428,  497 
Engineers,  Royal,  of  Ireland,  1251-1801,  328 
England,  Bonaparte's  plans  for  invasion  of,  4,  64, 
162  ;   wooden  walls  of,  126;    Olympic  games  in, 
147  ;   its  division  under  William  I.,  354 
'  Englands   Parnassus,'  errors  in,  4,  84,  182,  262, 

362,  444 

Englefield  (William  de),  c.  1241,  29 
English,  vowel-shortening  in,  43,  111,  132,  175 
'  English  and  French  News  Journal,'  1723,  287 
"  Entente  Cordiale,"  early  instances,  37,  178,  287 
Envoy,  British,  at  Warsaw,  1774,  327,  398 

Epigrams  :— 

Hamandan  is  my  native  place,  349 

Hinc  venti  dociles  resono  se  carcere  solvunt, 

126 

Nux,  asinus,  campana,  piger,  152 
The  king,  observing  with  judicious  eyes,  367 

Epitaphs : — 

Advertising,  503 

Here  lie  I,  Martin  Elginbrodde,  273 

Kingston-on-Thames,  502 

Mead  (William),  Quaker,  151 

Mors  hominem,  210,  276 

Now  thus,  502 

Owen  MSS.,  210 

Postscript,  503 

Shakespeare's,  346,  396,  417 

This    does  Erasmus  Williams  represent,  208, 
258,  330 

Three  poets  in  three  distant  ages  born,  491 

Walton  (Anne),  in  Worcester  Cathedral,  68 

Warrington,  502 

Worksop,  503 

Yale  (Elihu),  502 

Bridge  Green,  cannon  on,  c.  1768,  226 
Ernisius,  a  proper  name,  388,  471 
Erskine  (Charles,  Cardinal),  portraits  of,   377,  518 
-es  and  -is  in  Scottish  proper  names,  486 
"  Essex  Serpent,"  inn  sign,  310,  376 
Etchings,  steel,  by  John  Leech,  247 
Eugene,  Prince,  statue  in  London  of,  448 
Euripides  and  Gascoigne,  125 
Evelyn  family  and  Wotton,  268 
Everglade,  place-name,  its  derivation,  105,    158, 

458 
Executions,   public,   throat-cutting  at,    128,   315, 

236  ;   children  at,  254,  298 
Exeter,  subterranean  passages  at,  37 
Eybury  Manor,  its  history,  321,  461 
Eye  mask  worn  by  railway  guards,  487 
Eyes,  artificial,  manufactured  1734,  352 
Eyebright,  origin  of  the  name,  401,  457,  514 
Eyre  (John)  of  Coventry,  c.  1775,  329 


530 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


F.  (J.  T.)  on  Ancaster,  512 
Chine,  stuffed,  78 
Nursery  rime,  38 
St.  Mary's  Abbey,  York,  17 
Victorian  coin,  16 
Wainscot,  377 
Wave,  the  tenth,  512 
F.  on  Ellen  as  a  surname,  410 
F.  (A.  L.)  on  Northiam  Church,  488 
F.  (T.)  on  King  Edwin's  dwarfs,  250 
F.  (B.  W.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  368 
Fage  (Major-General  Edward),  his  parentage,  350 
Fags,  name  for  cigarettes,  234 
Fairclough  family  of  Weston,  Herts,  349 
Fair-copy,  earliest  use  of  the  word,  7 
Fairway  (Anne)=  John  Blackman,  c.  1740,  70 
Faithorne  (W.),  his  portrait  of  Milton,  481 
False  quantities  in  speeches,  9 
Farrington,  clockmaker,  c.  1832,  69 
Fea  (Allan),  his  '  Flight  of  the  King,'  486 
Feather  and  St.  Barbara,  308,  373 
Fee-bowls,  legal,  46,  98 
Femmer=  frail,  its  origin,  9,  75 
Fenhoulet  (Lady),  Nancy  Day,  406 
Ferguson  (Donald)  on  Arabic-English,  336 

Budgee,  a  kind  of  ape,  253 
Fergusson  (T.  C.)  on  Sir  Menasseh  Massey  Lopez, 

115 

"  Fesamiees  de  cestes,"  obscure  term,  168 
Field-glasses  in  1650,  73 
Field  memorials  to  sportsmen,  509 
Fife  fishermen's  superstitions,  330 
Fifteenths  and  Tenths  explained,  88 
Fig  trees  and  maturing  meat,  53,  96,  453 
Finglow(John),  'D.N.B.'  on,  114 
Finnis  Street,  Bethnal  Green,  origin  of  name,  15 
Fiorelli  (Tiberio),  known  as  "  Scaramuccio,"  153 
Fisher  (T.)  on  first  English  bishop  to  marry,  475 
Fishermen's  folk-lore,  330 
Fishwick  (Col.  H.)  on  Henry  Halliwell,  426 

Waterloo  :    its  pronunciation,  190 
FitzGerald  (J.  R.)  on  Comte  d'Antraigues,  152 

Hampstead  in  song,  377 
Flag,  National,  and  Royal  Standard,  72,  130,  193, 

331 
Flandrensis  (Turstin)  :    Turstiii  de  Wigmore,  205, 

250 

Flash  of  lightning,  name  for  gin,  210 
Fleet  Prison  in  14th  and  15th  centuries,  110,  258, 

478 

Fletcher  (E.  W.)  on  Queen  Anne's  churches,  435 
Fletcher    (G.    H.   R.)    on    authors    of    quotations 

wanted,  108 
Fletcher  (John),  '  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle, 

Flint  (T.)  on  "  What  you  but  see,"  &c.,  255  ' 
Flood  (W.  H.  Grattan)  on  cadey=hat,  277 

French  words  in  Scotch,  274 

'  Kitty  Fisher's  Jig  '  :    '  Yankee  Doodle,'  115 

Power  (Tyrone),  actor,  257 
Florence,  inscriptions  in  Protestant  Cemetery,  24 

223,  324,  463  ;   baptistery  font  at,  88 
Floyd  (W.  C.  L.)  on  British  envoy  at  Warsaw,  398 
Flying  machines,  c.  1594  to  1636,  186,  250 
Folk-lore  :— 

Bees  in  China,  285 

Cock,  white,  v .  devil,  34 

Counting  bringing  ill-luck,  137 

Creole,  36 

Crooked  billet,  38,  77 

Crows  crying  against  the  rain,  88,  136,  415 

Doll,  118,  195,  272 


'oik-lore:— 

Donkeys,  measles,  and  whooping-cough,  326,. 

398 

Fisherman,  330 
India,  327,  428,  495 
Owl,  in  India,  327  ;   in  Japan,  409 
Snake,  265,  316,  335,  377,  418 
Son,  disobedient,  in  China,  408 
Stepping  over  a  child,  36 
Stork,  368,  438 
Tiger,  88,  135,  358 
Toothache,  121,  171 
Wave,  largest,  445,  511 

Footgear  on  Harris,  silver-buckle  maker,  44£> 
oote  (Samuel),  family  connexions,  109,  455 
oot-racing,  spleen  unfavourable  to,  202 
ord  (C.  Lawrence)  on  Abracadabra,  156 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  114 
?ord  ("  Parson  ")  and  Joseph  Withers,  343 
?orwale,  origin  of  the  word,  146 
?orisfactura,  meaning  of  the  word,  208,  332 
Fort  Montague,  its  locality,  390,  437 
Foster  (H.  J.)  on  Wesley  in  Germany,  187 
Foster  (J.  J.)  on  Poundbury,  451 
?othergill  (Gerald)  on  Miss  Child's  elopement,  293 
Emigrants  to  America,  326 
Shakespearian  Memoranda,  286 
Fowler  family,  364 
France  (Anatole),  '  The  Garden  of  Epicurus,'  188r 

273 

Francis  (E.)  on  William  Francis,  190 
Francis  (J.  C.)  on  King  Charles  the  Martyr,  227 
Dickens's  surnames  :   Guppy,  517 
"  Entente  Cordiale,"  178 
National  Flag,  72 
Francis  (William),  d.  1811,  schoolmaster,  190 
Frankland  (Sir  T.),  his  daughters  and  Hoppnerr 

168,  233,  294,  374 
Eraser  (G.  M.)  on  French  words  in  Scotch,  132 
Inferior  clergy,  their  appellations,  250 
Scots  Greys,  396 
Fraser  (James)  of  Phopachy,  his  pedigree,  330 
Froissart,  heraldry  in,  369,  452 
Freeholders  femp.  Elizabeth,  470 
Freeman  (Rev.  Samuel),  d.  1707,  his  burial-place, 

148,  233 

French  anonymous  biographies,  1866,  128 
French  coat  of  arms,  209,  258,  295 
French  Gazette,  referred  to  in  '  Marmion,'  268 
French  peerage,  works  on,  289,  338 
French  words  in  Scotch,  132,  274,  314 
Friday  Street,  Surrey  place-name,  its  origin,  129 
Friendly  Brothers  of  St.  Patrick,  ante  1751,  308 
Friends,   Society   of,   their  burial   and  mourning 

habits,  31,  150,  237,  334 
Frost  Fair,  1739-40,  prints  of,  350,  433 
Fry  (E.  A.)  on  Sir  Alexander  Brett,  352 

Elizabeth  (Queen),  her  household,  276 
Henley  (George),  92 

Fry  (Mrs.  Elizabeth),  her  burial-place,  150 
Furnivall  F.  J.)  on  Pope's  Shakespeare  Quarto,  107 

Throat-cutting  at  public  executions,  128 
Fynmore  (R.  J.)  on  "  Bonnie  Cravat,"  tavern  sign, 

365      fir- 

Clergy  in  wigs,  16 
Coxe  of  Clent  and  Swynford,  115 
Death  after  lying,  376 
Finnis  Street,  15 
'  Folkestone  Fiery  Serpent,'  508 
Gill  (Capt.  Charles),  R.N.,  50 
Harvey's  birthplace,  9,  174 
Kent,  East  Indiaman,  477 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


531 


Fynmore  (R.  J.)  on  '  Letters  left  at  the  Pastry- 
Cook's,'  475 

Mason  (Sir  John),  487 

Monoux  (George),  57 

Napoleon's  carriage,  275 

"  Now  thus,"  502 

Renzi  (Sir  Matthew  de),  433 

Salford  :    Saltersford  :    Saltersgate,  337 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  113 

"  Star  and  Garter  Tavern,"  Pall  Mall,  296 
G.  (A.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  448 

El-Serujah,  469 

G.  (I.  B.)  on  Canadian  natural  dyes,  348 
G.  (J.)  on  Gainsborough's  wife,  509 
G.  (J.  P.)  on  Oxford  epigram,  367 
G.  (M.  N.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,    454, 
476 

Paffer,  56 
G.  on  Miss  Child's  elopement,  293 

Children  at  executions,  298 

Dickens  on  half-baptized,  294 

Parliamentary  applause  :   its  earliest  use,  296 

Wortley  family  of  Barnsley,  209 
Gaidoz  (H.)  on  British  envoy  at  Warsaw,  327 

Vowel-shortening,  111 
Gainsborough  (Thomas),  his  wife,  509 
Gales  (P.  L. )  on  crows  an;d  rain,  88 
Gamble  (T.),  manufacturer  of  artificial  eyes,  1734, 

352 

Game  and  elephant,  picture  of  man  with,  109 
Game  :   As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed,  169,  217,  273, 

352  ;   mawe,  1559-97,  468  ;   truss-fail,  490 
Games,  Olympic,  in  England,  147 
Gandy  (E.)  on  hot  cross  buns,  157 

"  Whipping  the  cat,"  198 

Garibaldi ;    "  For  the  shame  of  Aspromonte,"  247 
Garioch  surname,  298 

Gascoigne  (G.),  his  '  Jocasta,'  and  Euripides,  125 
Gaskell  (Mrs.),  her  '  Moorland  Cottage,'  89 
Ga  volt,  Yiddish  term,  365 
Gaythorpe  (H.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds, 

Piddle  as  a  land  measure,  326 
Geard,  etymology  of  the  word,  306 
Gedney  Church,  Lincolnshire,  its  history,  248,  310 
Geisendorfer  (W.)  on  '  Letters  left  at  ths  Pastry- 
Cook's,'  427 
Genealogy,  Italian,  449 
Geography,  Shakespeare's  mistakes,  346 
George  I.V.,  his  early  household,  390 
Gerard  (Ebenezer),  artist,  c.  1813-25,  446,  517 
Gerish  (W.  B.)  on  "  His  end  was  peace,"  517 

Hudson  (Geoffrey),  the  dwarf,  518 

Maid  of  the  Mill,  350 

Quick  Wood,  Clothall,  308 

Salmon  (Nathaniel),  489 

Wilbraham  and  Tabraham,  4=77 
German  leather  bindings,  369 
Ghent  on  John  of  Gaunt 's  arms,  9 
Ghost-words,  Anglo-Saxon,  271 
.Gibbet  as  a  landmark,  56 
Gilbert  (W.)  on  Cheapside  Cross,  57 

Family  arms,  69 

Gilchrist  (J.)  on  Farrington,  clockmaker,  69 
Gill  (Capt.  Charles),  R.N.,  1829-38,  50 
Gillman  (C.)  on  crows  and  rain,  137 

Death  after  lying,  157 
Gineyra,  comedy  acted  in  1546,  268 
Gipsies  and  snail-eating,  69,  134 
'  Girl  of  the  Period  Miscellany,'  1869-70,  467,  518 
Gladstone  (W.  E.),  his  last  moments,  68 
Glamis  Castle,  mystery  of,  241,  311 


Grlastonbury,  alleged  discovery  of  Holy  Grail  at, 

17,  134 

Glendonwyn  of  Glendonwyn,  210 
Gloucester,  Tolsey  at,  its  history,  469 
Gloucestershire  poll-books,  124 
Glynn  (T.)  on  the  tenth  wave,  512 
Glynne  (Sir  Stephen),  his  church  notes,  c.  1828-74, 

441 

Godman  (J.  D.)  and  poem  "  Behold  this  ruin  !"  408 
Goethe  on  King  Edwin's  dwarfs,  250 
Goldsborough  family  of  Stapleford,  Herts,  8 
Golf,  etymology  of  stymie,  15,  112,  192 
Gomme  (L.)  on  St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  450 
Gordon  (Lady  Charlotte)  and  '  Mysteries  of  the 

Court  of  Denmark,'  10 
Gordon  (Col.  Cosmo)  and  the  Macaroni  Magistrate, 

449 

Gordon  (first  Duke  of),  his  birth,  7 
Gordon  (Hon.  Mrs.),  her  suicide,  38 
Gordon  (Lord  Robert)  of  the  Scots  Greys,  89 
Gordon  (Dr.  William),  of  Bristol,  c.  1748,  349,  416 
Gordon  family  of  Messina,  1702,  8 
Gordon  and  Short  families,  330 
Gormanston  family,  230 
Gosport,  Hants,  mill  at,  68,  118 
Gosselin-Grimshawe  (H.)  on  clergy  in  wigs,  78 

Dickens  on  half -baptized,  90 
Gosselin-Lefebvre  (B.  H.)  on  Hulbert's  Providence 

Press,  108 

St.  Kenelm's  at  Ware,  129 
Goudhurst,  Kent,  "  Star  and  Crown  "  at,  469 
Gould  (A.  W.)  on  One-Tree  Hill,  Greenwich,  70 
"  Goule,  feste  de  la,"  explained,  168 
Gourgon  (General)  at  St.  Helena,  162 
Gower  (R.  V.)  on  Billy  Butler  the  Hunting  Parson, 

395 

Disdaunted,  377 
French  Peerage,  289 
Jurisdiction,  special,  513 
Law  of  Lauriston,  367 
Lion  and  the  unicorn,  436 
Portions  :  Pensions,  419 

Grail,  Holy,  etymology  of  the  name,  17,  134 
Granichstaedten  (A.)  on  missing  word,  327 
Gravestones,  Nonconformist,  31,  150,  237,  334 
Gray  (P.)  on  Gray  of  Denne  Hill,  148 
Sydenham  (Sir  John),  Bart.,  490 
Gray  family  of  Denne  Hill,  Kent,  148,  196 
Greeks  and  nature,  330,  372 
Green  Coat  School,  Westminster,  or  St.  Margaret's 

Hospital,  129,  172 
Green  (F.  U.)  Greenwich  Hospital  pensioners,  228 

How  (Mistress  Rachel),  249 
Greene  (R.),  his  '  Menaphon,'  85 
Greening,  pear  and  apple  name,  215 
Greenwich,  Curious  House  at,  469 
Greenwich  Hospital  pensioners,  lists  of,  228 
Greenwich  Park,  list  of  Rangers,  189,  235 
Greenwood  ( J.  A. )  on  Salford  :    Saltersford,  274 
Griffin,  The,  Carlyle  on,  509 
Grigor  (J.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  454 

Dobell  (Sydney),  66 
Grisbet,  dialectal  word,  427 
Gruselier  (Gregory)  on  Archbishop  of  Dover,  170 

Corbet=  Valletort,  168 
Guard  aloft  on  early  railways,  487 
Guernsey  lily,  its  naturalization,  368,  412,  456 
Guide,  derivation  of  the  word,  13 
Guildhall,  changes  at,  101 
Gulston  (Joseph),  his  collection  of  prints,  6 
Gulston  family,  201,  292,  355 
Gunpowder  Plot  Day  celebrations,  384,  434,  496 


532 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


Guppy  surname  and  Dickens,  327,  477,  517 
Guy  Fawkes  Day  celebrations,  384,  434,  496 
Guy  (B.)  on  Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  309 
Gypsy  on  November  5  :   Guy  Fawkes  celebrations, 

434 

H.  (A.)  on  death  warrants  :  coffin  nails,  234 
H.  (A.  C.)  on  Benedict  Arnold,  50 

Cleveland  (General  John  Wheeler),  289 

Hearsey  (Thomas  Harry),  149 
H.  (A.  F.)  on  burial-ground  of  St.  George's,  Han- 
over Square,  8 

H.  (D.  A.)  on  Dunbar  and  Henryson,  226 
H.  (F.)  on  Howe—  Bussell,  269 

Plas  Milton  portrait,  481 
H.  (F.  G.)  on  anonymous  works,  28 
H.  (H.  K.)  on  Salford  :    Saltersford,  256 
H.  (J.  E.  D.)  on  Smallpox  hospital  in  1804,  187 
H.  (J.  J.)  on  '  The  Flight  of  the  King,'  486 

Hyde  (Amphillis),  289 

Hyde  (Sir  Henry),  268 
H.  (L.  W.)  on  double-headed  eagle,  154 
H.  (M.  F. )  on  picture  with  game  and  elephant,  109 
H.  (M.  Y.  A.)  on  Bandy-Leg  Walk,  390 
H.  (W.  B.)  on  William  Harrison  Ainsworth,  487 

"  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  56 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  55 

'  Baal  ;    or,  Sketches  of  Social  Evils,'  169 

Bonassus,  318 

4  Chesterfield     Burlesqued  '  :       '  The     Horse 
Guards,'  368 

Hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  34 

'  Lights  in  Lyrics,'  430 

Murder  at  Winnats,  16 

Sextons  :    Bramwell  family,  246 

Tollgate  houses,  357 

H.  (W.  J.)  on  Wilberforce  and  Huxley,  209 
H.  (W.  S.  B.)  on  Directoire  gowns,  326 
Haakon,   Christian  name,  in    Orkney  and    Shet- 

lands,  234,  277 

Hackett  (Mrs.  Conwai),  her  biography,  269,  333 
Hacquoil  (F.  W.)  Barbary  pirates  off  Devonshire, 
189 

Silesian  tooth,  188 

Hair  becoming  white  through  fear,  33,  75 
Haldane  surname,  347,  396 

Half-baptized,  Dickens  on,  29,  90,  135,  256,  294 
Hall  (Hammond)  on  plane  sailing,  316 

Waterloo  :    Charlotte,  315 

Halliwell  (Henry),  1765-1835,  his  biography,  426 
Hame-rein,  etymology  of  the  word,  106,  196 
Hamilton  (Lady  Augusta)   and  '  Marriage   Rites,' 

lOj    loo 

Hampstead,  references  in  song  to,  187,  296,  377, 

458,  497  ;    theatre  at,  1807,  287 
Handkerchief,  silk,   "The  Angler's  Companion," 

Handwriting,  changes  in,  269,  338 

Hanging,  recovery  from,  86 

Hanley  and  Chesterton,  Staffs,  manors  of,  210 

Hanover  Square,  demolition  of  Harewood  House, 

406 

Hansed=  admitted  to  a  Hans,  286 
Hansom  (J.  S.)  on  Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  375 
Harben  on  initial  letters  for  words,  176 
Harben  (H.  A.)  on  the  Tyburn,  430 

Wale  :    Forewale  :    Afterwale,  146 
Hardwicke  (H.  J.  A.)  on  disdaunted,  416 
Harewood  House,  Hanover  Square,  its  demolition, 

406 

Harland-Oxley   (W.    E.)   on   "  Cardinal  "   of   St, 
Paul's,  235 

"  Essex  Serpent,"  376 


Harland-Oxley  (W.  E.)  on  Hill    (Rowland),    his 

Chapel  and  the  Rotunda  221 
Hoppner  and  Sir  T.  Frankland's  daughters, 

168 

Initial  letters  instead  of  words,  258 
London  statues  and  memorials,  211,  290,  370, 

491 

National  Flag,  131 
Navarino  flagship,  126 
St.  Margaret's  Hospital  or  Green  Coat  School, 

129 
St.  Margaret's  and  St.  John's,  Westminster, 

244 

St.  Thomas's,  Charterhouse,  347 
Sharpham  (Edward),  172 
Swedish  Church,  Prince's  Square,  97 
Village  mazes,  96 
Harmatopegos  on  burials  at  Nice,  57 
"  His  end  was  peace,"  450 
Holbein  subjects,  38 
Peacock  (T.  L.),  76 
Harris  (C.  S.)  on  buccado,  137 
Vernon  of  Hodnet,  76 
Victorian  coin,  77 
Vivandieres,  216 

Harris  (M.  D.)  on  wronghalf  :   pych  :   targe,  248 
Harris,  silver-buckle  maker,  1780-1810,  449 
Harris  (Thomas  Lake),  d.  1906,  his  biography,  329 
Harrison  (F.)  on  briefs  in  1742,  330 

Leland  on  Trowbridge,  407 

Hart  (H.  Chichester)  on  '  Measure  for  Measure,'  63 
Hart  (Sir  W.  Neville)  and  his  descendants,  263 
Harvey  (William),  b.  1578,  his  birthplace,  9,  117, 

174,  216 

Hastings  (Warren),  his  son  George,  128 
Hastle,  meaning  of  the  word,  108,  377 
Hat,  called  cadey  147,  198,  277  ;    called  moloker, 

385 

Hatch  (Hyde),  Westminster  scholar,  148 
Havelpck  (H.)  on  morganatic,  470 
Hawkins  (B.)  on  Hawkins  family  and  arms,  389 
Hawkins  (Sir  Christopher),  d.  1829,  portraits  of, 

268 

Hawkins  family  and  arms,  389,  472 
Hayes  (J.)  on  Le  Blon  mezzos,  450 
Hayes  (Justice),  his  '  Elegy  written  in  the  Temple 

Gardens,'  468,  514 

Hayman  (Robert),  b.  1578-9,  his  poems,  23 
Haze  :    hazy,  etymology  of  the  words,  102 
Hazlittiana  :    Winterslow  estates,  61 
Hazy  :  haze,  etymology  of  the  words,  102 
Heacock  or  Hiccocks  (Robert),  b.  1625,  210 
Healey  family,  364 
"Hear,   hear!"   foreign    equivalents,    248,     296, 

376,  452 

Hearsey  (Thomas  Harry),  his  ancestors,  149 
Heath  (W.),  d.  1840,  his  engravings,  13,  93 
Hebb  (J.)  on  hame-rein,  106 

Melbourne  (Lord)  and  Thackeray,  387 
Milton  relic,  388 

Milton's  house  in  Aldersgate  Street,  404 
Tanner  =  sixpence,  50 
Vulliamy  (Benjamin),  365 
Heckstall  (Rev.  Brooke),  d.  1780,  his  burial-place, 

148 

Heighway  (W.)  on  Heighway  family,  490 
Heighway  family,  490 
Heine  and  Balzac,  a  coincidence,  109 
Hems  (H.)  on  Ancaster,  455 
Bandy  Leg  Walk,  438 
Bastinado  as  a  military  punishment,  397 
Dickens 's  surnames  :    Guppy,  477 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


INDEX. 


533 


Hems  (H.)  on  Dunghill  proverb,  13 

Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  31 

November   5th  :     Guy  Fawkes   celebrations, 
496 

Passages,  secret,  37 

Petersburg  or  St.  Petersburg,  357 

Quivel  (Peter),  Bishop  of  Exeter,  112 

St.  Martha,  178 

Shadow  shows,  257 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  11,  52 

Waterloo  :   letter  by  Vivian,  145 
Henley  family  of  Bradley,  Hants,  92,  192 
Henryson  (B.)  and  Dunbar,  226,  277 
Heraldry  :— 

Argent,  a  cross  sable,  331 

Argent,  a  cross-bow  sable,  410 

Argent,  on  a  chief  argent,  369 

Argent,  on  a  chief  azure,  452 

Argent,  on  a  saltire  gules,  228 

Argant,  three  pillows  gules,  369,  452 

Arms  of  married  women,  197,  429 

Azur,  au  chevron  d'or,  209,  258,  295 

Azure,  a  lion  rampant  argent,  28 

Barry  of  eight  or  and  gules,  69 

Chevron  between  two  mullets,  in  chief,  209, 
258,  295 

County,  348 

Froissart,  369,  452 

Grenadier  supporter,  348 

Gules,  on  a  fesse  engr.,  228 

Gules,  three  cushions  ermine,  452 

John  of  Gaunt 's  arms,  9,  116,  174,  432 

On  a  chevron  between  three  saltires,  389 

Or,  an  e"toile  radiated  sable,  78 

Or,  on  a    "  chiveron  "  between  three  cinque- 
foils,  389 

Per  pale  arg.  and  gu.,  149 

Per  pale,  on  a  bend  three  lions,  413 

Quarterly,  1  and  4,  Pearl,  a  saltire  diamond, 
452 

Rules  of,  131 

St.  Andrew's  Cross,  91,  135,  155 

Scottish  arms  ante  1603,  294 

Scottish  University  arms,  36 

Seize  quartiers,  87 

Tobacconists',  427 

Welsh,  255 

Her's,  use  of  the  apostrophe,  12 
Herbert  (S.)  on  roses  as  badges,  87 
Herenden  family,  489 
Heresy,  Bohumil,  347 
Heron-Allen  (E.)  on  Hampstead  in  song,  497 

Suffragettes,  467 
Heron  (Giles),  English  Catholic  temp.  Henry  VIII., 

74 

Herpich  (C.  A.)  on  Shakespeariana,  165 
Heslop  (B.  Oliver)  on  Baal-fires  :  bonfire,  252,  353 

Piddle  as  a  land  measure,  373 
Hibgame    (F.    T.)    on    arms    of    English    Roman 
Catholic  Bishops,  228 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  309 

Colet  (Dean),  his  name,  249 

Death  after  lying,  195 

Dowry  Square,  Clifton,  188 

Rushlights,  135 

Snakes  drinking  milk,  316 
Hie  et  Ubique  on  authors  of  quotations,  468 

Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  437 

Officer  of  the  Pipe,  297,  351 

Unthank,  15 

Hiccocks  or  Heacock  (Robert),  b.  1625,  210 
Hickes  (John),  M.P.  for  Fowey  1701-8,  88 


Higgs  or  Higges  family,  387 

High  Court  of  Liberty,  Wellclose  Square,  history,. 

245 
High  treason  and  its  punishment,  229,  314,  354r 

Higham  (C.)  on  the  bonassus,  138 

Swedenborg  memorial  tablet,  56 
Highgate  and  Arabella  Stuart,  46,    93,  156 
Hill  (G.  F.)  on  Arabic  numerals  at  Winchester,  187 
Hill  (L.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  309 
Hill  (N.  W.)  on  apples  :  their  old  names,  215 

4  Childe  Harold,'  275 

Cockburnspath,  430 

Eleventh  Commandment,  358 

Everglade  :   its  derivation,  105,  458 

Greene's  *  Menaphon,'  85 

Initial  letters  instead  of  words,  416 

Mulatto,  191 

"  Nose  of  wax,"  437 

Pearl,  its  derivation,  177,  337 

Power  (Tyrone),  actor,  194 

"  Praises  let  Britons  sing,"  218 

Salarino,  Salanio,  and  Salerio,  176 

Shakespeariana,  166 

Wine  used  at  Holy  Communion,  96 
Hill  (Rowland)  and  Rotunda,  Blackfriars  Road, 

221 
Hippoclides  on  Friday  Street,  129 

Greeks  and  Nature,  372 

St.  Pancras  motto,  412 
Hippocrates  legend,  35,  53 
Hippogriff,  its  symbolism,  509 
Hitchin-Kemp  (F.)  on  Chalk  Farm,  73 

Right  to  keep  swans,  449 

Swimming  bath  :    William  Kemp,  178 
Hodges  (T.  O.)  on  Mamamouchi,  328 

Shakespeariana,  345 
Hodgkin  (J.  Eliot)  on  Frost  prints,  433 

Shakespeare  (John),  bitmaker,  104 

Sydney,  1789-1908,  261 

Hodson  (L.  J.)  on  Attorney-General  to  the  Queen, 
217 

Hodson  family,  329 

Richardson  (Samuel),  96 
Hodson  family,  329 

Hogan  (J.  F.)  on  cady,  slang  for  a  hat,  198 
Holbeach  Church,  effigy  in,  228,  273 
Holbein,  subjects  of  his  pictures,  38 
Holden  (Henry)  and  Hubert  A.  Holden,  264 
Holden  (Hubert  A.)  and  Henry  Holden,  264 
Holloway  (John),  M.P.  for  Wallingford,  510 
Holt  (E.  F.),  painter,  c.  1854-8,  489 
Holtby  (Richard),  '  D.N.B.,'  115 
Holwell  (John  Zephaniah),  Black  Hole  survivor,  76 
Homais  (M.),  his  identification,  469,  518 
Hopper  (H.),  modeller  c.  1814,  130,  218 
Hoppner  (J.)  and  Sir  T.  Frankland's  daughters, 

168,  233,  294,  374 
Hoppner  (R.  Belgrave),  Consul-General  at  Venice, 

349,  417 
Hornsey   photographs  :     Highgate   and   Arabella 

Stuart,  46,  93,  156 

Hors  d'oeuvre,  English  pronunciation,  229,  255 
Horse  Hill,  place-name,  1644,  489 
Horseflesh,  consumption  of,  245,  455 
Hort  (Lieut.-Col.  J.  J.),  author  of  '  The  Horse 

Guards,'  368 

Hotspur,  his  sword  and  Petworth  House,  446 
Hounds,  meets  of,  announced  in  church,  468 
House,  oldest  inhabited,  in  Scotland,  268 
House  of  Commons,  its  Speakers,  388,  489,  518 
House  of  Lords,  and  the  Cabinet,  486 


534 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


House  of  warantyse,  meaning  of  phrase,  89,  298 
Housman  (A.  B.)  his  '  Bredon  Hill,'  168,  218 
Hove,  place-name,  its  origin,  14,  111,  156,  216,  271 
Hovelling,  differentiated  from  smuggling,  125,  198 
How  (Mistress  Rachel),  mezzotint  of,  1702,  249,335 
Howard  (Bllen)=  H.  F.  Walker,  450 
Howe  (Lord),  painting  by  Madox  Brown  of  his 

victory,  1794,  407 
Howe=  Russell,  269 

Hudson  (Jeffrey),  dwarf,  his  history,  390,  438,  518 
Hughes  (T.  Cann)  on  Accession  coins  and  medals, 

190 

Detached  parts  of  counties  and  townships,  428 
Glynne  (Sir  Stephen),  his  church  notes,  441 
Jurisdiction,  special,  418 
Ruthwell  Cross,  Dumfriesshire,   168 
Sainthill  (Richard),  228 
Vereda,  Roman  town,  269 
Victoria  Statue,  Lancaster,  124 
Hulbert's  Providence  Press,  Shrewsbury,  108 
Humphreys    (A.    L.)    on    authors    of    quotations 

wanted,  218 

Beauford  (Dr.),  Rector  of  Camelford,  413 
Brett  (Sir  Alexander),  417 
'  Epulum  Parasiticum,'  177 
Told  (Silas),  390 
Tollgate  houses,  274 

Humphreys  (A.  L.)  on  Danzig  in  1813,  193 
Hungarian  grammar,  14,  112 

Hungerford   (Col.   John)  and  the    Bombay  Regi- 
ment, 1 

Hunter  (Rev.  John),  his  marriages,  204 
Huntites.  meaning  of  the  name,  200 
Hutchins  (Rev.  John),  d.  1839,  his  burial-place, 

148 
Huxley  and  Wilberforce  at  the  British  Association, 

IcSGO,  209,  335 
Hwinca,  n  and  c  in,  226 
Hyde  (Amphillis).  date  of  her  death,  289 
Hyde  (Sir  Henry),  beheaded  March,  1650,  268 
Hyde  family  pedigree,  486 
Hyde,  manor  of,  its  history,  321,  461 
Hyde  Park  and  Kensington  Gardens,  41,  142 
Hynmers  (Benjamin),  d.  1743,  410 
Hytch  (E.  P.)  on  Lansdowne  Passage,  Berkelev 

Street,  249 

Hytch  (F.  J.)  on  smallpox  hospital  in  1804,  232 
I.  (J.  A.)  on  Inglis  pedigree,  370 
I.  (S.)  on  Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  52 
Tcknield  Way  in  Hants  and  Wilts,  490 
Idlo  =  mischievous,  use  of  the  word,  12 
Imlay  (Gilbert),  his  '  Emigrants,'  1793,  49 
Immorality,    proclamation    at    Quarter    Sessions 

against,  209 

Impostors,  religious,  405 
Index  :    I  care  not  who  writes  the  book  which  has 

a  good  index,  469 
India,  owl  folk-lore  in,  327 
Indian  magic,  428,  495 
Ingleby  (Holcombe)  on  Holbeach  Church,  228 

Weatherhead  (William),  427 

Inglewood  Forest,  Roman  town  buried  in,  269,  317 
Inglis  family  pedigree,  370 
Initial  letters  instead  of  words,  176,  258,  416 
Inkle,  meaning  of  the  word,  186,  235 
Inn,  "  Angel  "  of,  name  explained,  14,  55,  95,  135 
Inn  signs.     See  Tavern  Signs. 
Inquisition  and  Jews,  c.  1680,  288 
Inquisitor  on  Lady  Chapels,  289 
Inscriptions  :  in  Protestant  Cemetery  at  Florence, 
24  ;    223,  324,  463  ;    Roman,  at  Baveno,   107, 
193,  296  ;   over  hall  door,  506  ;  on  watch,  506 


'Intellect  and  Valour  of   Great  Britain  '   key  to 

print,  129 

Interments,  clerical,  148,  233 
Iredale  (Mary),  The  Maid  of  the  Mill,  350 
Irish  Rebellion,  1798,  Crotty  executed,  117 
Irish  surnames,  354,  417 
-is  and  -es  in  Scottish  proper  names,  486 
Ising-glass,  earliest  use  of,  for  the  word,  346,  411 
Ispahan,  Pied  Piper  in,  57 
Italian  genealogy,  449 
Italy,  Latin  inscription  near  Siena,  209 
Iverach,  its  pronunciation,  468 
Ivy  House,  Brixton,  and  Queen  Elizabeth,  348,  411 
J.  (C.)  on  arms  of  Roman  Catholic  Bishops,  458 

Portions  :    pensions,  358 
J.  (Ca.)  on  Gilbert  Imlay 's  '.Emigrants,'  49 
J.  (D.)  on  November  5  :  Guy  Fawkes  celebrations, 
434 

Shakespeare  Visitors'  Book,  429 

Southcott  (Joanna),  her  passports,  405 
J.  (D.  M.)  on  Friendly  Brothers  of  St.  Patrick,  308 
J.  (F.  C.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  168 
J.  (L.)  on  Sir  Matthew  de  Renzi,  369 
J.  (W.  C.)  on  mill  at  Gosport,  Hants,  118 
Jackson  family,  328 
Jaggard  (W.)  on  first  bishop  to  marry,  475 

'  D.N.B.  Epitome,'  183,  282 

Index  saying,  469 

'  Love-a-la-Mode, '  490 

Shakespeare  Visitors'  Books,  478 

Stammering,  418 

Surnames  in  -eng,  497 

Z  :   name  of  the  letter,  197 
James  I.  and  the  poet  Du  Bartas,  262 
Japanese  owl  story,  409 
Jarratt  (F.)  on  Matthew  Arnold  on  pigeons,  198 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  173 

Shorthouse  (J.  H.)  on  '  John  Inglesant,'  246 
Jennings  (P. )  on  Carnmarth  :    Lannarth,*  252 

Newlyn  colony  of  artists,  246 

St.  la,  235 

Tintagel :    its  pronunciation,  195 
Jermyn  on  Jacques  Babin,  ex -noble,  428 
Jerram  (C.  S.)  on  Edinburgh  :   its  name,  473 

"  His  end  was  peace,"  517 

Milton  :    portrait  as  a  boy,  508 
Jerrold  (W.)  on  tiger  folk-lore  and  Pope,  135 
Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  1685,  309,  374,  437 
Jews  and  the  Inquisition  c.  1680,  288 
"  Jnay  Daultre,"  round  medallion  of  Virgin,  329 
Jonson  (Ben),  spelling  of  his  name,  38 
John-a-Duck,  the  tradition  of,  150 
John  of  Gaunt,  his  arms,  9,  116,  174,  432 
Johnson  (Andrew),  his  marriage,  1696,  343 
Johnson  (H.  H.)  on  Llechylched,  Anglesey,  215 
Johnson  (James),  his  '  Tropical  Climates,'  89,  136 
Johnson  (Michael),  his  apprentice,  1692,  203 
Johnson  (Robert),  his  '  Worlde,'  125 
Johnson   (S.),   his   ancestors  and  connexions,   44, 

203,  343,  465  ;   and  Mr.  Repington,  390 
Johnsoniana,  8,  73,  147,  427 
Johnsonians,  a  religious  sect,  87 
Jirgah,  Persian  term,  its  etymology,  36 
Joints,  tender,  53,  96,  453 
Jonas  (A.  C.)  on  Bishop  Barlow,  474 

Bonassus,  392 

Jonas  (M.)  on  '  The  Shakespeare  Apocrypha,'  345 
Jones  (Hannah  Maria),  novelist,  248,  298,  357 
Jones  (Dr.  John),  his  treatise  on  Buxton,  1572,  218 
Jones  ( J.  Bavington)  on  Bream's  Buildings,  127 

Crabble,  a  place-name,  269 

Gray  of  Denne  Hill,  Kent,  196 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


535 


Jones    (J.    Bavington)   on   Nonconformist    burial 

grounds,  151 
Jones  (T.)  on  Shakespeariana,  344,  345 

"  Votes  for  Women,"  98 
Jonson   (Ben)  and  Bodenham,   206  ;    his    eulogy 

on  Shakespeare,  346 
Jordans,  William  Perm's  grave  at,  334 
Judex  on  Capt.  Barton,  416 
Judgment  by  telegram,  467 
Jurisdiction,  special,  368,  418,  512 
K.  (L.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  468 
K.  (L.  L.)  on  Augvaldsnaes  Church,  Norway,  394 

Bastinado  as  an  English  punishment,  355 

Bruce  (William),  physician  in  Poland,  298 

Budgee,  a  kind  of  ape,  137 

Comether,  469 

Crows  and  rain,  136 

Horseflesh,  245 

Hungarian  grammar,  14 

Jean  Paul  in  English,  294 

Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  375 

Nestorian  tablet  in  Si-Ngan  Foo,  207 

Paulitian  language,  254 

Petersburg  or  St.  Petersburg,  357 

Philadelphia  (Jacob),  172 

Riehl  (W.  H.)  in  English,  295 

St.  Barbara's  feather,  373 

St.  Francis's  moon,  258 

St.  Martha,  178 

Wine  used  at  Holy  Communion,  138 
Kairwan,  Arab  name,  its  meaning,  368 
Kemp  (William)  and  Peerless  Pool,  89,  138,  178 
Kensington  Gardens  and  Hyde  Park,  their  history, 

41,  142 

Kent,  East  Indiaman,  burnt,  1825,  430,  477 
Khaibar,  the  Grand,  convivial  society,  107 
Khayyam  (Omar)  bibliography,  307,  391 
King  (Sir  C.  S.)  on  Richard  Dighton,  407 

Inscription  over  hall  door,  506 
King  (F.),  his  '  Classical  Quotations,'  126 
King  (Capt.  James),  F.R.S.,  his  death,  57 
King's  Old  Bargehouse,  early  picture,  88 
King's  silver  at  Lincoln  College  c.  1525,  47,  117 
Kingsford  (C.  L.)  on  St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  495 
Kingsley   (C.),   his    '  Lorraine,   Lorraine,   Lorree,' 

210,  278,  377,  452,  497 
Kingston-on-Thames,  epitaph  at,  502 
Kipling  (Rudyard)  on  Shakespeare,  348,  395 
Knifeboard  of  omnibuses,  86,  153 
Knight's  head  resting  on  lady's    body  in   monu- 
mental effigy,  228,  273 
Kniphofia,  botanical  term,  288,  333,  438 
Knox  (J.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  510 
Krebs  (H.)  on  Edinburgh  :    its  derivation,  410 

Roman  law,  469 

Scaramouch,  86,  257 

Whiff,  a  boat,  29 
Krueger  (G.)  on  Haldane,  347 

Shakespeare's  epitaph,  346 

Shakespeariana,  164 

Telling  the  bees,  97 

TH  as  a  symbol,  390 

Kynaston  (Humphrey),  outlawed  1491,  134 
L.  (A.  S.)  on  Addison's  maternal  ancestry,  356 
L.  (F.  de  H.)  on  first  English  bishop  to  marry,  412 

Plane  sailing  or  plain  sailing,  270 

Renzi  (Sir  Matthew  de),  433 
L.r(G.  H.)  on  Shoreditch  family,  369 
L.  (H.  P.)  on  Abracadabra,  54 

Anna,  a  place-name,  417 

Baal-fires,  252 

Card  terms,  468 


L.  (H.  P.)  on  clergy,  inferior,  their  appellations,  251 

Death  after  lying,  274 

Dickens  on  half-baptized,  90 

Dolls  on  race-courses,  326 

Everglade  :    its  derivation,  158 

French  words  in  Scotch,  133,  314 

Hansed=  admitted  to  a  Hans,  286 

"  House  of  warantyse,"  89 

Hove,  112 

Hovelling,  198 

Motte  :   Mot,  415 

Omnibuses,  old,  153 

Parish  dinners,  57 

Pearl,  its  derivation,  237 

Pimlico  :    Eyebright,  457 

Proverb  on  beating,  15 

Proverbs  and  popular  phrases,  374 

Rise,  active  verb,  73 

Sherlock  :   the  name,  265 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  11 

Stymie  at  golf,  112 

Tennyson  :  "  Ringing  grooves  of  change,"  246 

Tunes,  old,  93 

Vergel,  its  meaning,  234 

Y-called  :  Y-coled,  510 
L.  (H.  P.)  on  Tennyson,  246 
L.  (M.  C.)  on  Anna,  a  place-name,  417 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  413,  476,  514 

'  Promptorium,'  488 

L.  (M.  C.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  334 
L.  (R.  A.  A.)  on  Comte  d'Antraigues,  67 

Hastings  (Warren),  his  son,  128 
Lady  Chapels,  289 

Lady  Day  and  Christmas  Day,  their  relation,  508 
Lafleur  (P.  T.)  on  Thackeray's  historical  novels, 

146 

Lake  (Lord),  created  1804,  his  arms,  348 
Lambarde  (F.  F.)  on  "  The  Crooked  Billet,"  77 
Lamplighter's  ladder,  its  disuse,  12 
Lancaster,  statue  of  Queen  Victoria  at,  124 
Lancaster  family  of  Milverton,  Somerset,  386 
Land  measure,  1715,  piddle  as,  326,  373 
Lane  (John)  on  Sir  Christopher  Hawkins,  268 
Langford  (Alexander),  cloth  maker,  1544,  407 
Lannarth  and  Carnmarth,   Cornish  place-names, 

252 
Lansdowne  Passage,  Berkeley  Street,  its  history, 

249,  356 

Latin  inscription  in  Italy,  209 
Latin  pronunciation,  73 
Lauder  (Mr.),  Scottish  vocalist,  1758,  288 
Laughton  (Sir  J.  K.)  on  Commodore  Chamberlain, 

372 

Lavender  sold  in  the  streets,  146 
Law  family  of  Lauriston,  367,  434 
Law,  Roman,  its  moral  substance  summarized,  469 
Law  terms,  early,  29,  97 

Lawrence  (John),  clerk,  of  Stamford,  d.  1700,  410 
Lawrence  (W.  J.)  on  Scaramouch,  153 

Winston's  '  The  Theatric  Tourist,'  307 
Laws  (E.)  on  portions  :    pensions,  310 
Leamington-on-Sea,  created  by  The  Globe,  47 
Leather  bindings,  German,  369 
Le  Blon,  his  mezzotints  in  colours,  450 
Lector  on  John  Butler,  290 
Lee  (A.  Collingwood)  on  "  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  55 

"  Better  an  old  man's  darling,"  375 

'  Ginevra,'  268 

Tunes,  old,  93 

Lee  (G.  E.)  on  St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  452 
Lee  (S.)  on  Shakespeare's  epitaph,  346,  396 
Leech  (John),  his  etchings  on  steel,  247 


536 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Le  Fevre  (N.),  chemist  to  Charles  II.,  227 
Leffmann  (H.)  on  French  Gazette,  268 
Lega-Weekes  (Ethel)  on  King's    old  Bargehouse, 

88 

Leg  growing  after  death,  legend,  506 
Leigh  ton  (H.  R.)  on  Addison's  ancestry,  355 
Hynmers  of  New  Inn,  410 
Kent,  East  Indiaman,  430 
Leith,  print  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  at,  229 
Leland  on  Trowbridge,  1540,  407 
Leng  (D.  C.)  on  surnames  in  -eng,  428 
Lese -majest6,  early  use  of  the  term,  507 
Letters,  initial,  instead  of  words,  176,  258,  416 
Letts  (M.  H.  I.)  on  Johnsoniana,  73 
Lewis  (A.  S.)  on  Cambridge  early  lists,  36 
"  Liberte,  Egalite,  Fraternite,"  its  history,  406 
Liberty,  Cap  of,  and  Wilkes,  52 
Librarian  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  334 
Libraries,  Free,  and  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  400 
Library,  Alexandrian,  at  Milan,  158 
Lickbarrow  (Isabella),  her  'Poetical  Effusions,'  403 
Lily,  Guernsey,  its  naturalization,  368,  412,  456 
Linn   (R.)   on   Justice   Hayes's    '  Within   Temple 

Gardens,'  468 
Monroe  (Dolly),  268 

Lion  and  the  unicorn  rime,  208,  294,  436 
Liqueur,  Benedictine,  469 
Literature  dealing  with  18th  century,  its  defects. 

361 

Little  Britain,  the  name,  300 
Little  France,  the  name,  300 
Livett  (D.)  on  Sir  W.  R.  Cremer,  M.P.,  104 
Llangollen  Chapel,  307 

Llantwit  Major  Church,  account  of,  288,  338 
Llechylched,  Anglesey,  its  history,  170,  215 
Lomax  (C.  E.)  on  forisfactura,  332 

Speaker,  First,  of  House  of  Commons,  518 
Wronghalf  :    targe,  398 
London     (William),     '  Gods     Judgements     upon 

Drunkards,'  195 
London  :     Aldermen,    1687,    167  ;     Sheriffs,   dates 

of    death,    167,    238  ;     London,    Tower    of,    its 

Constables  and  Lieutenants,  70,  118,  213,  277 
London  changes,  286 
London  statues  and  memorials,  122,  211,  258,  290, 

370,  491 

London  street  cry  :    "  Sweet  lavender,"  146 
Long  (F.)  on  epitaph  in  Owen  MSS.,  210 

Mompesson  (Col.),  29 
Longfellow  (H.  W.),   'Giles  Corey  of  the  Salem 

Farms,'  196  ;    '  Psalm  of  Life,'  209,  272 
Longman  (Miss  E.  D.)  on  authors  of  quotations 

wanted,  368 

Lopez  (Sir  M.  Massey),  his  biography,  96,  115 
Lords,  House  of,  and  the  Cabinet,  1835  and  1908, 

486 

Loten's  Museum,  its  history,  126,  275 
Louvre,  Alexander  Pennecuik  on,  189 
Love  (R.  T.)  on  the  Washington  pedigree,  323 
Low  (Sampson),  printer  and  bookseller,  1795,  365 
Lubersac  (Abbe  de),  his  biography,  410 
Lucas    (P.)    on    burial-ground    of    St.    George's, 

Hanover  Square,  57 
Hove,  14,  216 
Regimental  marches,  167 
Seize  Quartiers,  87 

Lucis  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  408,  448,510 
Carlyle  on  the  griffin  :   hippogriff,  509 
Rushlights,  354 

Luther  (Martin),  pictures  of,  350 
Lying,  death  after,  instances  of,  109,  157,  195,  274, 

376 


Lynn  (W.  T.)  on  M.  Homais/469 

Kniphofia,  288 

London  statues  and  memorials,  213 

Marathon  runners,  86 

Mediterranean,  use  of  the  name,  308 

Michaelmas  Day  :   its  date,  150 

Ranger  of  Greenwich  Park,  235 

Vergel,  its  meaning,  169 
M.  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  309 

Hungarian  grammar,  14 

Longfellow's  '  Psalm  of  Life,'  209 

Morris  (Edward),  M.P.,  350,  434 

Parcel  Post  in  1790,  450 

Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell,  112 
M.  (D.)  on  Campbell,  228 
M.  (E.  H.)  on  Clement  family,  69 

De  la  Motte  de  la  Garre,  310 
M.  (F.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  413 
M.  (H.  A.  St.  J.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  16 

Lion  and  the  unicorn,  208 
M.  (H.  C.  L.)  on  Kingsley's  '  Lorraine,'  210 
M.  (J.  A.  H.)  on  typographical  puzzle,  186,  216 
M.  (J.  W.)  on  M.  Homais,  518 
M.  (M. )  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  247 
M.  (M.  P.)  on  Fife  fishermen's  superstitions,  330> 
M.  (N.)  &  A.  on  dog  names,  109 

Monastic  estates,  250 

Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell,  49 
M.  (P.)  on  Jeffrey  Hudson  the  dwarf,  390 

Netmaker's  circular,  207 

Sussex  arms,  230 
M.  (R.)  on  Vigo  Bay,  1702-19,  30 
M.  (S.  W.)  on  Malone  family,  87 
M.  (T.  S.)  on  double-headed  eagle,  154 

Snail-eating  and  gipsies,  134 
Mac,  before  Irish  surnames,  354,  417 
MacMichael  (J.  H.)  on  Abracadabra,  35 

Alderman's  Walk,  354 

Ancaster,  455 

"  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  14 

Antraigues  (Comte  d'),  152 

Arachne  House,  Strand-on-the-Green,  375 

Askwith  or  Asquith,  37 

Bandy  Leg  Walk,  438 

Barron  (C.),  19,  Pall  Mall,  114 

"  Bonnie  Cravat,"  tavern  sign,  458 

Brunswick  (Duke  of),  289 

Budgee,  a  kind  of  ape,  137 

Cadey,  198 

Castle  architecture,  255 

Charming-bells  for  bird-catching,  94 

Child  (Miss),  her  elopement,  293 

Chrystal  Magna  :   Maylor  Grange,  277 

Crowmer  (William) :   Watts  family,  233 

Crows  and  rain,  136 

Dolls  in  magic,  196 

Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  Chelsea,  110 

Double-headed  eagle,  153 

Dowry  Square,  Clifton,  334 

"  Essex  Serpent,"  376 

Eugene  (Prince),  his  London  statue,  448 

Fleet  Prison,  258 

Flying  machines  :    aviation,  250 

Gedney  Church,  Lincolnshire,  311 

Hampstead  in  song,  296 

Heraldry  in  Froissart :   pillow,  452 

Holbeach  Church  :    knight's  head  resting  oa 
lady's  body,  273 

"  House  of  warantyse,"  298 

Hove,  14 

Hovelling,  198 

Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  374 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


5.37 


MacMichael  ( J.  H.)  on  John  of  Gaunt's  arms,  116 

King '8  Silver  :    Lincoln  College,  117 

Lansdowne  Passage,  Berkeley  Street,  356 

Law  terms,  early,  97 

Lion  and  the  unicorn,  294 

Making  buttons=  fidgeting,  158 

Medal  of  Charles  I.,  134 

Michaelmas  Day  :   its  date,  194 

Netmaker's  circular  :    artificial  eyes,  352 

Officer  of  the  Pipe,  297 

One-Tree  Hill,  Greenwich,  173 

Plane  sailing  or  plain  sailing,  316 

Bed-tail  Knights,  288 

Regimental  marches,  457 

Revolution  Society,  317 

Roses  as  badges,  174 

Round  Oak  Spring,  73 

Rushlights,  27 

St.  Margaret's  Hospital,  or  Green  Coat  School, 
172 

"  Star  and  Garter  Tavern,"  Pall  Mall,  336 

Surrey  Gardens,  33 

Sussex  arms,  332 

Swimming  bath  :   swimming  stays,  89 

Tollgate  houses,  274 

Truss-fail,  490 

Village  mazes,  96 

Voreda,  Roman  town,  317 

4 '  Wife  Bazaar,"  237 

Winstanley  (William),  his  birthplace,  38 
HfcMurray  ( W. )  on  William  Blackborough,  488 

"  Cardinal  "  of  St.  Paul's,  173 

Clerical  interments,  148 

Herenden  family,  489 

Vivandieres,  158 

Me  (R.)  on  Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  52 
Macaroni  Magistrate  and  Col.  Cosmo  Gordon,  449 
MacDonald  (Flora),  her  family  and   Dr.  Johnson, 

147  ;    and  Mrs.  McQueen,  389 
McDonald  and  McPike  families,  105,  314 
MacDonald  on  quotations  wanted,  28 
McGovern  (J.  B.)  on  Danteiana,  302 

Officer  of  the  Pipe,  188 

Steele  and  Addison,  49 
McDowall  (S.  S.)  on  George  Coltrnan,  489 

November  5  :    Guy  Fawkes  celebration?,  496 
MacKemmie  (D.  G.)  on  Accession  and  Coronation 

coins,  231 

Mackenzie  (Colin  A.)  and  the  Treaty  of  Tilsit,  11 
Mackie  (W.)  on  Lord  Howe's  victory,  1794,  407 
McPike  (E.  F.)  on  McDonald  and  McPike  families, 

105 

McPike  and  McDonald  families,  105,  314 
McQueen  family,  389 

MacRoberts  (S.  Mclntosh)  on  Steep e  surname,  468 
Macray  (W.  D.)  on  apples  :   their  names,  15 

Paxtol,  72 

Thurcet,  72 

Madan  (Martin)  of  Nevis,  his  biography,  256 
Maden  case,  c.  1860,  lady  and  the  oath,  190 
Magee  (Archbishop)  and  the  tomtit,  425,  496 
Magic,  dolls  in,  118,  195,  272 
Magic,  Indian,  428,  495 
Mahony  (P.  G.)  on  Jackson  family,  328 
Maid  of  the  Mill,  her  identity,  350 
Maidlow  (W.  H.)  on  the  tenth  wave,  512 
*  *  Making  buttons  "=  fidgeting,  use  of  the  term, 

A  1 5  j    1  O  o 

Halet  (Col.  H.)  on  High  Court  of  Liberty,  245 
H.  Hopper,  modeller,  218 
London  statues  and  memorials,  372 
Waterloo  :    letter  by  Vivian,  196 


Malleson  (J.  P.)  on  Shakespeariana,  345 
Malleson  (W.  T.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted, 
188 

Ode  to  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  258 

Rattlesnake  colonel  :    Catgut  ruffles,  189 
Malone  family,  87 
Mamaloi,  hybrid  word,  325 
Mamamouchi,  origin  of  the  word,  328 
Man  in  the  almanac,  explanation,  56,  118 
Man  in  the  moon  in  1590,  446,  518 
Manchester  Free  Library,  epitaph  in  Owen  MSS., 

210 

Manning  (P.)  on  Erasmus  Williams,  330 
Manor  house  c.  1300,  good  specimens,  450 
Manor  identifications  in  divers  counties,  48,  254 
Manor  rolls,  309,  398 
Manors  :   Tiburne,  341,  430,  494  ;   Neyte,  Eybury, 

and  Hyde,  321,  461 

Manson  (F.  W.)  on  watch  inscription,  506 
Manuscripts,  proverbs  and  phrases  in,  281 
Manytice,  use  of  the  word  c.  1391,  468 
Mapletoft  (John),  1631-1720,  his  portrait,  289 
Maps :     illustrating   Strabo,    8,    77,    155  ;     oldest 

in  the  world,  156 
Marathon  runners,  86 

Marble  Arch,  its  statuary  and  ornamentation,  491 
Marcham  (W.  M.  B.  and  F.)  on  Oxgate  Manor,  172 
Marchant  (F.  P.)  on  H.  Barnewell,  Prebendary 
of  Rochester,  448 

Burney's  '  History  of  Music,'  9 

Cosmogony,  heretical,  347 

Servian  names,  305 

Shoreditch  family,  455 

Waterloo  :   its  pronunciation,  232 
Marches,  regimental,  167,  312,  352,  377,  457 
Margins  of  books,  72 
Marks  (A.)  on  St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  382 
Marlborough    (John,    Duke    of),    history    of    his 

statue,  493 

Marlborough  Square,  Chelsea,  320 
Marriott  (J.  C.)  on  Hornsey  and  Highgate,  46 
'  Marseillaise,'  its  authorship,  326 
Marston  (E.)  on  Bonaparte  on  the  Northumber- 
land, 3,  64 

Napoleon's  arrival  at  St.  Helena,  162 
Martin  (C.  Trice)  on  Ernisius,  471 
Martin  (J.  Henry),  and  Newlyn  colony  of  artists, 

246,  406 
Martin  (Stapleton)  on  Anne  Walton's  epitaph,  68 

Milton  and  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  30 
Martin  (Symon),  apprentice  to  M.  Johnson,  1692, 

203 

Marut  in  name  of  Japanese  vessels,  180 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  at  Leith,  229  ;    portrait  of, 

368 

Marylebone  on  George  IV. 's  early  household,  390 
Mason  (C.)  on  Charles,  Cardinal  Erskine,  518 
Mason  (Sir  John),  d.  1566,  his  marriage,  487 
Mason  family  of  Stapleton,  Gloucestershire,  28 
Masson  (A.)  on  dolls  in  magic,  272 

Pink  saucer,  158 

Mathews  (C.  Elkin)  on  '  The  Angler's  Companion/ 
267 

'  Kitty  Fisher's  Jig,'  50 

Motte  :    mot,  413 

Pimlico  :    Eyebright,  514 

Story's  '  V*e  Vistis,'  356 
Maurice  (Widow),  printer  1828,  67,  158,  257 
Ma  we,  16th  cent,  card  game,  468 
Maxwell  (Sir  Herbert)  on  Campbell,  432 

Vowel  -shortening,  132 
Maycock  (Willoughby)  on  high  treason,  354 


538 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Maycock     (Willoughby)     on    Meets    of    hounds 

announced  in  church,  468 
Surrey  Gardens,  32 
Mayhew  (A.  L.)  on  Chautauqua,  68 

Christmas  Day  and  Lady  Day,  508 
Dear  :    "  O  dear  no  !  "  434 
Edinburgh  :   its  derivation,  473 
"  Every  mickle  makes  a  muckle,"  286 
Grisbet,  Somerset  word,  427 
Mediterranean  :   the  name,  351 
Piddle  as  a  land  measure,  373 
Plaxtol,  33 
Scaramouch,  153 
Teenick,  Kentish  word,  467 
Thurcet,  its  meaning,  29 

Mayhew    (Horace),    '  Letters  left  at  the  Pastry- 
Cook's,  427,  475 

Maylam  (P.)  on  th  as  a  symbol,  436 
Maynard  (Lady),  Nancy  Parsons,  d.  c.  1808,  447 
May  on  Tenths  and  Fifteenths,  88 
Maylor  Grange,  its  whereabouts,  89,  277 
Mazes,  village,  96 
Measles  and  donkey,  326,  398 
Measures,  weights,  and  coins,  Turkish,  488 
Meat,  maturing,  and  fig  trees,  53,  96,  453 
Medals  :    Peace  Treaty,  1814,  37  ;    Charles  I.,  68, 
134  ;    Accession  and  Coronation,  130,  190,  230 
Mediolanum,  Jesuits  at,  1685,  309,  374,  437 
Mediterranean,  derivation  of  the  word,  308,  351, 

376,  456,  495 

Meets  of  hounds  announced  in  church,  468,  515 
Melampus  and  the  Saint,  identification  wanted,  68 
Melbourne  (Lord)  and  Thackeray,  387 
M61usine  on  bridal  stone,  394 
Memorials  :    in  London,   122,  211,  258,  290,  370, 

491  ;    in  the  British  Isles,  387 
Mercer  (W.)  on  missing  word,  398 
Mercer  (W.  J.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds, 

151 

Merry  (Anthony),  statesman,  d.  1835,  228 
Merry  England,  earliest  use  of  the  phrase,  88 
Meschianza,  meaning  of  the  word,  30,  97,  258 
Meyer  (Prof.  Dr.  F.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  408 
Mezzotints  in  colour  by  Le  Blon,  450 
Michaelmas  Day,  its  date,  150,  194,  336 
Michel  (Francisque),  his  '  Les  Ecossais  en  France,' 

132 

Mickle :     Every    mickle    makes    a    muckle,    mis- 
quotation, 286 

Midday  at  Bale,  story  of,  310,  392 
Midsummer  festivities,  52 

Milan,  Alexandrian  Library  at,  158  ;    and  Medio- 
lanum, 374 

Military  officer,  our  oldest,  97 

Military  punishment,  the  bastinado,  246,  355,  397 
Militia  :    North  Bungay  Fencibles,  429 
Militia  lists,  early,  489 

Milk,  snakes  drinking,  265,  316,  335,  377,  418 
Mill  at  Gosport,  Hants,  68,  118 
Milton    (John)   and   Christ's   College,    Cambridge, 
30,    72  ;     '  Paradise   Lost,'   i.   84-94,   242  ;     his 
songs  set  to  music,  249  ;   his  father-in-law,  281  ; 
his   house  in  Aldersgate   Street   c.    1641,    404  ; 
his  relationship  with  William  Blackbrough,  488  ; 
memorial  in  All  Hallows  Church,  491 
Milton  portraits,  445,  447,  481,  508 
Milton  relic  :    tortoiseshell  case  with  ivory  tablets, 

388 
Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  dead  animals  exposed 

on  trees,  457 
Bees  and  lucky  days,  285 
Born  with  teeth,  453 


Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  Crows  and  rain,  415 

Guernsey  lily,  368 

Son,  disobedient,  408 

Tiger  folk-lore  and  Pope,  358 
Minister  in  Anglo-Saxon  charters,  109 
Mint,  keeper  of  the,  467 
Missing  word,  327,  398 
Mistletoe,  its  curative  properties,  506 
Mistletoe  on  Maghull  Yates,  14 
Moles,  dead,  exposed  on  willows,  149,  457 
Moloker,  Yiddish  for  a  silk  hat,  385,  435,  477 
Mompesson  (Col.),  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Isle  of 

Wight,  29 

Monastic  estates,  their  extent,  250,  354 
Monday  (A.  J.)  on  old  tunes,  218 
Money,  cremitt,  meaning  of  the  term,  106 
Money,  value  of,  temp.  Edward  III.,  320 
'  Monimusk, '  old  tune,  93 
Monism  and  Spinoza,  C.  Bradlaugh  on,  347 
Monkeys  stealing  from  a  pedlar,  373 
Monoux  (George),  Alderman,  c.  1520,  57 
Monroe  (Dolly),  Irish  beauty,  268 
Montefiore  (Mrs.  F.  G.)  on  authors  of  quotations 

wanted,  428 
Moreton  (B.  L.)  on  Queen  Caroline,  94 

Eleventh  Commandment,  437 

Hackett  (Mrs.  Conwai),  269 

Heraldry  in  Froissart :   pillow,  452 

Latin  lines  on  sleep,  17 

Peacock  (T.  L.)  :  skylight  and  twilight,  76 

Promethean,  76 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  113 

Voltaire  on  love,  69 

Montfort  (Peter  de),  Speaker  of  House  of  Com- 
mons, 388,  518 

Montholm  (General)  at  St.  Helena,  162 
Monymusk,  old  tune,  48,  93,  138,  218 
Moon,  legends  about,  347,  456  ;  man  in,  446, 

518 

Moor,  the  word  and  its  derivatives,  405 
Moore    (J.    B.    G.)    on    McDonald    and    McPike 

families,  314 

Moors=  Urdu  or  Hindustani  language,  405 
Mooyaart  (Miss  N.)  on  "  Old  King  Cole,"  510 
Morgan  (F.)  on  buff,  170 

Tooth,  single,  75 

Txines,  old,  48 

Morganatic,  derivation  of  the  word,  470 
Morris  (Edward),  M.P.  for  Newport,  350,  397,  434 
Mot  or  motte,  a  clump  of  trees,  265,  413 
Mottoes  :     Castigat  ridendo  mores,    126  ;     of  St. 

Pancras  Borough  Council,  369,  412 
Mount  Grace  :   Augustinian  cardinal,  234 
Moxham    (E.    F.    W.)    on    Dickens's    surnames : 

Guppy,  327 

Muir  (Surgeon-General)  on  regimental  marches,312 
Mulatto,  etymology  of  the  word,  191 
Munro  (J.)  on  Spenser  allusions,  121 
Murray  (Dr.  J.  A.  H.),  his  knighthood,  20;    on 
Promethean,  10 

Proximo,  447 

Prussian,  407 

Psychological  moment,  488 
Murray  (John)  II.,  147 
Murray  (John)  on  '  Childe  Harold,'  312 
Mutton  and  races  at  Banstead,  246 
Myddelton  (W.  M.)  on  James  Preston,  295 
Myrtle,  Dr.  Johnson's  verses  on  sprig  of,  204 
N.  (J.  A.)  on  first  English  bishop  to  marry,  475 
N.  (M.)  on  "  It  is  the  Mass  that  matters,"  470 

Rushlights,  275 
Names  terrible  to  children,  509 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


INDEX. 


539 


National  Flag,  72,  130,  193,  331 

'  National  Journal,'  1746,  its  prosecution,  49 

National  Portrait  Gallery  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Alcxan 

der,  329,  476 

Nature,  and  the  Greeks,  330,  372 
Naval  story,  American,  1814,  428 
Naval  Volunteers  in  1795,  106 
Navarino,  flagship  at  the  battle,  126 
Negro  poetess,  Phillis  Wheatley,  385 
Nel    Mezzo    on    Arachne    House,    Strand-on-the 

Green,  290 

Balzac  and  Heine  :   a  coincidence,  109 
France  (Anatole) :   '  Garden  of  Epicurus,'  188 
Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  11 
Nestorian  tablet  in  Si-Ngan  Foo,  207 
Netmaker's  circular,  18th  cent.,  207,  352 
Nevill  (Ralph)  on  Ernisius,  388 
Newcastle  miracle,  Robert  Southey  on,  207 
Newlyn  colony  of  artists  and  J.  H.  Martin,  246 
Newton  (A.  W.)  on  Thomas  Lake  Harris,  329 
Newton  (E.  E.)  on  Hampstead  in  song,  187 

Maurice  (Widow),  printer,  257 
Newton  (Sir  Isaac)  and  the  cat,  picture  of,  188 
New  Zealand  fossil  shells,  489 
Neyte,  Eybury,  and  Hyde  manors,  321,  461 
Nice,  burials  at :   Capt.  James  King,  57 
Nicholson  (E.)  on  Moor  :   Moors,  405 
Snakes  drinking  milk,  265 
Spleen  unfavourable  to  running,  202 
Vergel,  its  derivation,  233 
Nicklin  (T.)  on  H.  A.  Holden:  Henry  Holden,  264 

Hors  d'ceuvre,  229 
Nicknames  and  sobriquets,  174 
Nightcap,  custom  of  wearing,  482 
Nisidora  as  a  Christian  name,  348 
Nixon  (J.  A.)  on  John  Mapletoft,  289 
"  Non  compos  mentis  "  in  marriage  register,  447 
Nonconformist   burial-grounds    and    gravestones, 

31,  150,  237,  334 
Norcross  (J.  E.)  on  "  As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed," 

273 

Norgate  (Frederic),  his  death,  180 
Norman  (P. )  on  Bandy  Leg  Walk,  438 
Norman  (W.)  on  Alderman's  Walk,  354 

Clergy,  inferior,  their  appellations,  353 
Heraldry  in  Froissart :    pillow,  452 
Norman-French  deed  temp.  Edward  III.,  168 
Norris  (Col.  H.  C.)  on  meets  of  hounds,  515 

Norrises  of  Milverton,  355 
Norris  (H.  E.)  on  Abbotsley,  St.  Neots,  116 

Thornhill  (Cowper),  his  famous  ride,  245 
Norris  family  of  Milverton,  Somerset,  225,  316,  355 
North  (P.)  on  dear  :   O  dear  no  !  516 
North  (Roger),  his  '  Life  '  of  the  Lord  Keeper,  57 
North  Bungay  Fencibles,  satires  on,  429 
North  End  Place,  Hampstead,  and  William  Pitt, 

446 

North  Midland  on  Shakespeariana,  167 
Northampton  and  Stafford  families,  329 
Northiam  Church,  Sussex,  print  ante  1837,  488 
Northumberland,  Bonaparte  on  the,  3,  64,  162 
Norway,  obelisk  at  Augvaldsnaes  Church,  249,  394 
Norwich,  raid  by  the  Bishop  of,  1383,  468,  516 
Nose  celestial,  its  powers,  54 
November  5,  Guy  Fawkes  Day,  384,  434,  496 
November  17,  Queen  Elizabeth's  Day,  381,  431, 

477 

Numerals,  Arabic,  their  history,  368 
Nunn  (F.  N.)  on  stammering,  367 
Nursery  rimes  :    Old  Mother   Hubbard,   27,    116  ; 
She    looked   up.    she    looked   down,     38,    76  ; 
Lion  and  the  unicorn,  208,  294,  436 


Nutting  time  and  "  cobberers,"  185 

O'  before  Irish  surnames,  354,  417 

O's,  notes  on  the  fifteen,  506 

O.  (A.  L.)  on  Scots  Greys,  455 

O.  (A.  W.)  on  children  at  executions,  298 

O.  (E.)  on  Mrs.  Bremar's  ladies'  school,  30 

O.  (H.)  on  Silvretta  Mountains,  67 

Oakes  (Susannah)  of  Ashborne,  c.  1750,  148 

Obituaries : — 

Ainsworth  (Fanny),  487 
Andrews  (William),  380 
Cowper  (Joseph  Meadows),  340 
Norgate  (Frederic),  180 
Yardley  (Edward),  360 
Octogenarian  on  Nicholas  Breakspear,  449 
Officer  of  the  Pipe,  history  of,  188,  297,  350 
Og,  Irish  suffix,  146 
Olympic  games  in  England,  147 
Omnibuses,  old,  86 

Omond  (T.  S.)  on  Latin  pronunciation,  73 
One-Tree  Hill,  Greenwich,  70 
Onions,  crayfish,  and  snakes,  448 
'  Original  Poetry  by  Victor  and  Cazire,   recovered^ 

copy,  224 

Orkney,  skylarks  in,  229 
Orthopaedic,  derivation  of  the  word,  449 
Quid  family  in  Ireland,  268 
Outis  on  the  Glamis  mystery,  241 
Outram  (Sir  James),  equestrian  statue,  494 
Ovoca  or  Avoca,  place-name,  308,  397,  437,  497 
Owd  Lad=the  Devil,  507 
Owen  (Douglas)  on  "  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  135 

St.  Barbara's  feather,  373 

Owen  (W.  B.)  on  Kipling  on  Shakespeare,  395 
Owen  MSS.,  epitaph  in,  210,  276 
Owl  folk-lore  :   in  India,  327  ;   in  Japan,  409 
-ox,  place-names  ending  in,  113 
Oxford  University  :    Commemoration  in  1759,  6,. 
114  ;  Lincoln  College  and  King's  silver,  47,  117  ^ 
authorship  of  epigram,  367  .,  & 

Oxgate  Manor,  Willesden,  its  descent,  172 
Oxshott  on  railway  on  Thames  Embankment,  24T 
P.  on  bough-pot,  208 
P.  (A.  O.  V.)  on  capital  punishment,  289 
Hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  75 
Owl  folk-lore  in  India,  327 
P.  (C.  I.)  on  claret,  507 
P.  (F.  K.)  on  Claugh  family,  289 
Crocker  (C.),  poet,  489 
Mill  at  Gosport,  Hants,  68 
Scruples  against  war,  9 
Swimming  bath,  138 
P.  (G.  M.  H.)  on  Petersburg,  306 
P.  (J.  B.)  on  Midday  at  Bale,  392 
P.  (M.)  on  dunghill  proverb,  13 

Snakes  drinking  milk,  335,  377 
P.  (R.  B.)  on  Benedictine,  469 

Bridge  with  figures  of  the  Saviour,  476 
Edwards  of  Halifax,  416 
Thames  steamboats,  458 
Weston  (Sir  Richard)  :    soap-making,  357 
P.  (T.)  on  Jean  Paul  in  English,  254 
Page  ( J.  T.),  on  Doten  (Lizzie),  poem  by,  229 
Page  (J.  T.)  on  Queen  Anne's  fifty  churches,  36 
Badges  on  book-plates,  289 
Cadey=  a  hat,  147 
Chine,  stuffed,  155 
"  Crooked  Billet,"  38 

Donkeys,  measles,  and  whooping-cough,  398 
Doten  (E.),  '  Is  Life  Worth  Living  ?  '   229 
London   statues    and    memorials,    122,    290r 
372 


540 


I  N  D  E  X. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


Page  (J.  T.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  150 

Statues  and  memorials  in  British  Isles,  387 

Toothache,  416 

Pall  Mall,  No.  93,  its  history,  425 
Palmer  (A.  Smythe)  on  motte  :   mot,  265 
Palmer  (J.  Foster)  on  Bruges,  408 

Hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  34 

Idle=  mischievous,  12 

Shakespeariana,  166,  345 

Unthank,  place-name,  15 
Papaloi,  hybrid  word,  325 
Paradigma,  use  of  the  word,  427 
Parapet,  street  footway,  use  of  the  word,  366 
Parcel  Post  in  1790,  450 

Pardoe  (Avern)  on  Canadian  natural  dyes,  495 
Paffer,  use  of  the  word,  1753,  56 
Parish  dinners,  16th  and  17th  centuries,  57 
Parker  (N.  L.)  on  St.  Barbara's  feather,  308 
Parliament,    Staffordshirere   presentatives,   1290- 

1322,  266 
Parliamentary  applause,  earliest  use,  248,  296,  376, 

452 

Parliamentary  elections  and  bishops,  390 
Parnell  (C.),  his  ancestry,  210 

Parry    (Lieut.-Col.    G.    S.)    on     Inscriptions     at 
Florence,  24,  324,  463 

Manor  identification,  254 

Norrises  of  Milverton,  Somerset,  316 

Plate,  its  date,  230 

St.  Andrew's  Cross,  135 
Parson  :    '  The  Old-Time  Parson,'  425,  496 
Parson,  hunting,  Billy  Butler,  310,  395,  453 
Parsons  (Nancy),  Lady  Maynard,  c.  1808,  447 
"  Parthenopaeus  Hereticus,"  William  Gordon,  149 
Passages,  ancient  subterranean,  at  Exeter,  37 
Paterson  (John),  his  '  Roads,'  1826,  274 
Paul  (John),  conscientious  scruples  against  war,  9 
Paulitian  language,  its  locality,  157,  254 
Peach  (C.  H.  R.)  on  snail-eating  and  gipsies,  69 
Peachey  (G.  C.)  on  Dickens  on  half-baptized,  135 
Peacock  (E.)  on  dead  animals  exposed  on  trees,  149 

"As  thick  as  inkle-makers,"  235 

Collins  (Mortimer),  249 

Southey  on  a  Newcastle  miracle,  207 

Toothache,  171 

Wake,  Ellis,  &c.,  364 
Peacock  (M.  H.)  on  Queen  Elizabeth's  Day,  431 

Widkirk  :    '  Wakefield  Mysteries,'  128 
Peacock  (T.  L.),  skylight  and  twilight  in  '  Head- 
long Hall,'  9,  76, 138  ;  unpublished  songs  by,  441 
Peakman  on  Buxton,  168 

Pearce  (S.  S.)  on  King's  silver  :  Lincoln  College,  47 
Pearl,  consonantal  change  in  word,  177,  236,  337 
Pearson  (Rev.  J.  Batteridge)  and  Dr.  Johnson,  44 
Pedlar,  monkeys  stealing  from,  373 
Peerage,  French,  works  on  the,  289,  338 
Peerless  Pool,  its  history,  140 
Peet  (W.  H.)  on  children  at  executions,  254 

Cock-foster,  94 

Dear  :    "  O  dear  no  !  "  349 

Hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  33 

Johnson's  '  Tropical  Climates,'  136 

Shibboleth,  408 

Pena  (Dr.)  mentioned  by  Bacon,  365,  435 
Penn   (William)  and    King  Charles   L,   227;    his 

grave  at  Jordans,  334 

Pennecuik  (Alexander)  on  the  Louvre,  189 
Pennsylvania,  cultus  of  King  Charles  the  Martyr 

in,  227 
Penny  (F.)  on  place-names  in  -ox,  113 

Revolution  Society,   247 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  113 


Pensions,  ecclesiastical  meaning  of  the  term,  310, 

358,  419 

Perring  (Sir  Philip)  on  Shakespeariana,  164,  344 
Persian  translation  by  Shelley,  349 
Petersburg  or  St.  Petersburg,  306,  357,  458 
Petty  (S.  L.)  on  "  Blooding  a  witch,"  215 

Castle  (Thomas),  111 

Dolls  in  magic,  119 

Sands  (Archbishop),  12 
Petworth  House  and  Hotspur's  sword,  446 
Pharmacopoeia,  incomplete,  c.  1850,  168 
Philadelphia  (Jacob),  mechanician,  89,  172,  293 
Philip  II.  of  Pomerania,  portrait  of,  349,  415 
Philippides  and  the  Marathon  race,  86 
Phillips    (Lawrence)    on     Matthew     Arnold     on 


pigeons,  149 
ell 


Bell  customs  at  SibsoH,  430 

Death  after  lying,  109,  195 

Dickens  on  half -baptized,  29 

Double-headed  eagle,  198 

Gibbet  as  landmark,  56 

Horseflesh,  455 

Michaelmas  Day  :   its  date,  194 

Romans  at  York,  8 

Sparkenhoe,  its  derivation,  469 

Taine  :    "  Tenir  une  queue  de  vache,"  188 
Phillips  (M.)  on  Miss  Child's  elopement,  248 
Philosyrus  on  Pickthall,  249 
Phrases,  popular.     See  Proverbs. 
Pickering  (J.  E.  L.)  on  fee  bowls,  46 

Justice  Hayes's  '  Elegy,'  514 

Pickford   (J.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted, 
108,  397,  497 

Bough -pot,  257 

Brass  as  a  surname,  136 

Clergy  in  wigs,  158 

High  treason  and  its  punishment,  355 

Jones  (Hannah  Maria),  357 

Lion  and  the  unicorn,  294 

Officer  of  the  Pipe,  297 

Oxford  Commemoration  in  1759,  6 

Rushlights,  276 

St.  John  Baptist's  Eve,  52 

Salford  :   Saltersford  :   Saltersgate,  274,  438 

Toothache,  216 

Wilkes's  '  Essay  on  Woman,'  33 
Pirkthall  surname,  its  origin,  249,  295 
Piddle  as  a  land  measure,  326,  373 
Pied  Piper  in  Ispahan,  57 

Pierpoint    (R.)    on    Accession    and    Coronation 
Coins,  230 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  74 

Bells  rung  backwards,  335 

High  treason  and  its  punishment,  354 

Johnson  (Dr.)  :    Flora  Macdonald,  147 

Kipling  (Rudyard)  on  Shakespeare,  348 

Maps,  77 

Mediterranean  :   use  of  the,  351,  456 

Midday  at  Bale  :   Bale  madness,  310 

Orthopedic  Hospital,  449 

Parapet,  a  street  footway,  366 

"  Sinews  of  war,"  297 

Warrington  epitaphs,  502 

Wise  (H.  C.),  54 

Pig,  black,  and  Joanna  Southcott,  509 
Pigeons,  Matthew  Arnold  on,  149,  198 
Pigott  (Sir  Arthur  Leary),  his  biography,  426, 

513 
Pigott  (W.  J.)  on  Bishop  Sampson,  429 

Robert  Heacock  or  Hiccocks,  210 
Pilcher  (G.  T.)  on  London  statues  and  memorials, 
213 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30, 1909. 


INDEX. 


541 


Pillow  in  heraldry,  369,  452 
Pimlico,  origin  of  the  name,  401,  457,  514 
Pink  (W.  D.)  on  John  Hickes,  M.P.,  88 
Holloway  (John),  M.P.,  510 
Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell,  112 
Pink  saucer  defined,  78,  158,  254 
Pinto  (Mendez),  his  '  Voyages,'  488 
Pipe  Office,  its  history,  188,  297,  350 
Pirates,  Barbary,  off  Devonshire,  189 
Pits  (Arthur),  committed  to  the  Tower  1582,  366 
Pitt  (W.),  Earl  of  Chatham,  and  North  End  Place 

Hampstead,  446 

Place  ( W. )  on  Wilbraham  and  Tabraham,  430 
Place-names  :    Askwith   or  Asquith,   37  ;     ending 
in  -ox,  113  ;   and  possessives,  150  ;   initial  T.  in 
486 

Plain  sailing  or  plane  sailing,  270,  316,  352 
Plane  sailing  or  plain  sailing,  270,  316,  352 
Plas  (P.  van  der)5  alleged  portrait  of  Milton,  447, 

481 

Plate,  date  of,  230,  298 
Platt  (Sir  Hugh),  date  of  death,  58 
Platt  (I.  H.)  on  Shakespeariana,  165 
Platt  (J.),  Jun.,  on  Arabic-English,  336 
Boy  Scouts  :   their  war  song,  225 
Bruges,  its  pronunciation,  473 
Ga  volt,  Yiddish  term,  365 
Iverach,  its  pronunciation,  468 
Moloker,  Yiddish  term,  385 
New  Zealand  fossil  shells,  489 
Parpaloi :   Mamaloi,  325 
«         Petersburg  or  St.  Petersburg,  357 
Santapee,  Guiana  term,  264 
Scottish  -is  and  -es  in  proper  names,  486 
Shalgham-zai,  Anglo-Indian  term,  448 
TH  as  a  symbol,  436 
Tintagel,  its  pronunciation,  194 
Waterloo,  its  pronunciation,  232 
Weyman  (Stanley),  his  '  Wild  Geese,'  146 
Plaxtol,  Kentish  place-name,  its  origin,  33,  72 
Plaxton  (Bev.  George),  c.  1670,  301,  422,  503 
Pleasure  digging  his  own  grave,  engraving,  89 
Poland  (Sir  H.  B.)  on  Attorney-General  to  the 

Queen,  170 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  514 
Capital  punishment    in  eighteenth  century, 

392 

High  treason  and  its  punishment,  314,  417 
Throat-cutting  at  public  executions,  236 
Treaty  of  Tilsit :    Colin  A.  Mackenzie,  11 
Pole  (David),  Fellow  of  All  Souls,  125 
Politician  on  Parliamentary  applause,  376,  452 
Pollard  (H.  P.)  on  Goldsborough  family,  8 
Pollard  (H.  T.)  on  Archbishop  Sands,  12 
Pollard-Urquhart  (Col.  F.  E.  B.)  on  "  The  Pro- 
tector's Head,"  217 
Poll -books,  Gloucestershire,  124 
Pomeroy  :    St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  the  name,  382, 

450,  495 

Poole  (Thomas)  of  Nether  Stowey,  books  on,  180 
Pope  Adrian  IV.,  Nicholas  Breakspear,  his  death, 

449 
Pope  (A.)  and  tiger  folk-lore,  88,  135,  358  ;    on  a 

Shakespeare  quarto,  107 
Pope's  Head  Tavern,  referred  to  1467,  206 
Popple    (William),    17th-cent.     spelling  reformer, 

226 

Portfolio  Society,  its  history,  53 
Portion,  ecclesiastical,  defined,  310,  358,  437 
Portman  estates  and  local  history,  307 
Possessives  and  place-names,  150 
Post,  Parcel,  referred  to  1790,  450 


Potter  (A.  G.)  on  Persian  translation  by  Shelley,. 

349,  438 

Pottery,  Wedgwood,  of  Australian  clay,  261,  412 
Potts  (B.  A. )  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  173,. 

Hudson  (Jeffrey)  the  dwarf,  438 
Ode  to  Napoleon,  258 
Seventeenth-century  quotations,  271 
Poundbury,  its  early  history,  382,  450 
Povey  (Capt.  Charles)  and  Bombay  Begiment,  1 
Powell  (David),  Fellow  of  All  Souls,  126 
Powell  (David),  Fellow  of  Oriel,  125 
Power  (Tyrone),  1797-1841,  actor,  194,  257 
Pownall  (C.  A.  W.)  on  Stanley's  mission  to  Paris,, 

128 

Prague,  bridge  at,  with  statues  of  saints,  476 
Prebend,  origin  of  the  word,  17 
"  Presbyter  Incensatus,"  the  term   in  1411,    328, 

372 

Preston  (James)   of  Barton-on-Humber,  189,  295- 
Preston  (William)  and  Matthew  Stevenson,  189 
Preston  (Wm.  E.)  on  James  Preston,  189 
Price  (L.  C.)  on  Price  =  Bushbrooke,  369 

Smith  family  of  West  Kennett,  449 
Price  (W.  H.)=  Elizabeth  Bushbrooke,  369 
Prideaux  (W.  F.)  on  Arabic-English,  284 

Arabic  vowels  :    their  transliteration,  335 
Bibliographical  terms,  485 
Ernisius  :   a  proper  name,  472 
Hampstead,  theatre  at,  287 
Jirgah,  its  meaning,  36 
"  Libert^,  Egalit6,  Fraternite","  406 
MacDonald  :    MacQueen,  389 
North  End  Place,  Hampstead,  446 
'  Old  Mother  Hubbard,'  116 
Pena  (Dr.),  435 
Pimlico  :    Eyebright,  401 
Portman  estates,  307 
Baleigh's  House  at  Brixton,  348 
Boman  inscription  at  Baveno,  107,  296 
Sabariticke,  33 
St.  Martin  Pomeroy,  451 
Surrey  Gardens,  32 
Tintagel,  its  pronunciation,  294 
Toothache,  474 
Tyburn,  341,  494 
Wilkes's  '  Essay  on  Woman,'  90 
Wolston,  152 

Prideaux  (W.  B.  B.)  on  Salford  :    Saltersford,  29T 
Priest's  bonriet,  knocking  off,  247 
Prime  Minister,  French  equivalent,  287 
Primrose  and  Lord  Beaconsfield,  486 
Printer,  first  Dublin,  106 

Prints  :    Joseph  Gulston's  collection,  6  ;    '  Sweet 
Nan  of  Hampton  Green,'  49  ;   Frost  Fair,  1739- 
1740,  350,  433 
Prior  (Matthew)  and  his  Chloe,  7,  77,  134 
Prison,  Fleet,  in  14th  and  15th  centuries,  110,  258, 

478 

Proclamation    at    Quarter    Sessions    against    im- 
morality, 209 
Promethean,  a  lighting  device,  10,  54,  76 
Promptorium  Parvulorum.'  reprint.  488 
Pronunciation  :    of  foreign  names,  190,  232,  271,. 
315,  338,  473  ;    of  "  hors  d'ceuvre,"  229,  255  ;: 
as  a  test  of  nationality,  408 
:*roper  names,  -is  and  -es  in  Scottish,  486 
Proverbs  and  Phrases : — 

A  full  heart  must  either  vent  itself,  282 

A  woman,  a  spaniel,  and  a  walnut  tree,  15,  152: 

Apple- John  face,  308 

As  soon  as  the  long  nights  come,  282 


542 


INDEX. 


Notes  ami  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Proverbs  and  Phrases  : — 

As  thick  as  inkle-makers,  186,  235 

Better  an  old  man's  darling,  &c.,  310,  375 

Breach  of  promise,  282,  374 

Butter  out  of  a  dog's  mouth,  387 

Entente,  Cordiale,  37,  178 

Every  mickle  makes  a  muckle :  misquotation, 
286 

Exceeding  mercy,  282 

Fit  as  a  fiddle,  188 

Full  thoughts  causes  long  parentises,  282 

Give  me  old  Englande,  282 

Greate  bodies  have  sloe  notions,  282 

I  am  in  Pimlico  with  my  feet,  403 

It  is  the  Mass  that  matters,  470 

It 's  of  no  consequence,  282 

Liberte,  Egalite,  Fraternity  406 

Like  John-a-Duck's  mare,  150 

Lost  tribe =  the  Scotch,  9 

Making  buttons,  13,  158 

Man  in  the  moon,  518 

May  Jemmy  Johnson  squeeze  me,  309 

Merry  England,  88 

Nae  safe  wading  in  unco  waters,  133 

Neither  endure  wine  nor  water,  282 

Nether  herre  nor  ther,  282,  374 

Nose  of  wax,  437 

O  dear  no  !  349,  395,  434.  516 

Pimlico  :    Keep  it  in  Pimlico,  402,  457,  514 

Pouring  oil  on  troubled  waters,  200 

Pro  aris  et  focis,  310 

Psychological  moment,  488 

Put  the  comether  over  him,  420 

Right  nowe,  282,  374 

Sinews  of  war,  137,  218,  253,  297 

Spit  of  his  father,  220 

Talk  of  the  town,  282,  374 

Tenir  une  queue  de  vache  a  la  main,  188,  273 

Torne  withe  wylde  horsez,  281 

What  you  but  see  when  you  haven't  a  gun,  38, 
255 

Where  there  's  muck  there  's  money,  13 
Proverbs    and    popular    phrases  in  collections  of 

MSS.,  281,  374,  458 

Provincial  book-trade,  British,  1641-67,  141 
Proximo,  early  use  of  the  expression,  447 
Prussians  as  a  national  name,  407 
Psalm  cxvii.  and  Cromwell  at  battle  of  Dunbar, 

268,  436 

Psalmon  (F.)  on  "  A  glutted  tiger,"  &c.,  388 
Pseudonymous  literature,  authorities  on,  81 
•«  Punch  '  Exhibition,  327 
Punishment,  capital,  in  18th  cent.,  289,  392 
Punishment,  military,  bastinado  in,  246,  355,  397 
Punishment  for  high  treason,  229,  314,  354 
Purleigh  and  the  Washington  ancestry,  323 
Puzzle,  typographical,  186,  216 
Pych=  pitch,  applied  to  weaver's  reed,  248 
Pym  (John),  his  mother,  309 
Quarter  Sessions,  immortality   proclamation   at, 

Queen,  Attorney-General  to,  holders  of  the  office, 

110,  170,  217 
Querard     (J.    M.),     his    '  Supercheries    litteraires 

devolves,'  81 

Quicks  Wood,  Clothall,  and  Earl  of  Salisbury,  308 
Quillin  (B.  Lord  M.)  on  Comte  d'Antraigues,  152 
Heraldry  in  Froissa,rt :   pillow,  369 
Waldock  family,  78 
Quinn  (J.  H.)  on  Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  Chelsea, 

Quivel  (Peter),  Bishop  of  Exeter,  30,  112,  215 


Quotations :  — 

A  glutted  tiger,  mangling  in  his  lair,  388 

A  poet's  art,  188 

A  rope  !     a  rope  !     to  hang  the  Pope,   834, 

434,  496 
JEstivo  nunquam  conspectus  Sydere  Glaucus, 

127,  270 
Ah !     why    shouldst    thou    be    dead    when 

common  men,  454 

All  wit  doth  but  avert  men  from  the  road,  396 
Ampliat  setatis  spatium  sibi  vir  bonus,  108 
And,  half  suspected,  animate  the  whole,  28,  74 
And  he  wandered  away,  408 
Another  nymph,  amongst  the  many  fair,  156 
As  He  guides  the  worlds  like  boats  in  a  storm, 

309 

Atque  illi  primum  sperare  salutem,  127,  270 
At    sonitu    ingenti    putrem    quatit    ungula 

campum,  127,  270 
Attend  when  thou  canst  the  funerals  of  thy 

neighbours,  108 

Away  with  the  fonts  in  our  churches,  108 
Beaucoup  de  perspnnes  voudraient  savoir,  468 
Because  right  is  right,  510 
Born  of  butchers,  but  of  bishops  bred,  348,  397 
But  not  to  one  in  this  benighted  age,  497 
Castigat  ridendo  mores,  126 
Come,    gentle    Sleep  !     attend    thy    votary's 

prayer,  17 
Contemplate  the  spectacle  of  life  with  appro 

priate  emotions,  247,  295 
Continuus  aspectus  minus  verendos  magnos 

homines,  127,  270,  356 
Cum  modo  Frigoribus  premitur,  127,  270 
Dust  thou  art,  to  dust  returnest,  272 
England :     Greatest   King    of    England   was 

born  not  at  Windsor,  but  at  Huntingdon, 

268,  314 

Ergo  ubi  lapsa  jacent  sua  quisque,  127,  270 
Esse  praestantem  aliquam  seternamque  natu- 

ram,  127,  270 

Est  bene  non  potuit  dicere,  dixit,  erit,  374 
Et  certamen  habent  Isethi,  quse  viva  sequatur, 

127,  270 

Even  the  gods  cannot  alter  the  past,  247,  295 
Festinare  nocet,  nocet  et  cunctatio  seepe,  507 
First  from  the  shadow  on  the  wall,  446 
Fluctum  enim  totius  Barbarise  ferre,  127,  270 
For  nearly  five  years  the  present  ministry,  468 
For  the  shame  of  Aspromonte,  247 
From  what  small  causes  great  events,  &c.,  510 
God  protect  the  public  good,  134 
Great  fleas  have  little  fleas,  380 
Guests  of  the  ages,  at  To-morrow's  door,  28 
Guy  !    Guy  !    Guy  !    stick  him  up  on  high, 

384,  434,  496 

Habacuc  est  capable  de  tout,  268,  314 
Hsec  Celebratio  non  omninodissimilis,127,  270 
Keeper,  peeper,  chimney-sweeper,  12 
Here  and  here  did  England  help  me,  68 
He  which  drinketh  well  sleepeth  well,  511 
His  end  was  peace,  450 
Hoc  iter  manifesta  rotse  vestigia  cernes,  128, 

270 

Hinc  venti  dociles  resono,  126 
I  cannot  see  the  veiled  face  of  Success,  268 
I  care  not  who  writes  the  book  that  has  a 

good  index,  469 

I  launch  my  bark  on  a  wide,  wide  sea,  389 
I  sing  the  hymn  of  the  conquered,  356 
Idols  of  the  market-place,  129,  173 
Hie  penes  Persas  Magus,  127 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  I960. 


INDEX 


543 


Quotations : — 

I  'm  ninety -five,  16,  55 

In  ca?lo  nunquam  spectatam,  128,  271 

In  Liquorpond  Street,  as  is  well  known  to 

many,  217 

In  that  new  world  which  is  the  old,  68 
In  the  hot  clasp  of  Victory,  309 
Is  he  gone  to  a  land  of  no  laughter,  428,  476 
It  is  too  late  !  Ah,  nothing  is  too  late,  448,  497 
Jovi  hospitali,  209 

Jowk,  and  let  the  jow  gae  by,  129,  174 
Justitia,  una  alias  virtutes  continet  omnes, 

127,  515 

Lack  of  appreciation,  247 

Les  beaux  esprits  se  rencontrent,  74 

Like  the  lion  bold,  408 

Like  the  Scythian  Ateas,  127,  270 

Lites  fuge  macrum  arbitrium,  128 

Lord,  what  will  all  the  people  say  !   188 

Lose  this  day  loitering,  428,  476,  514 

Men  are  like  medlars,  109 

Music  of  the  spheres,  408,  454,  497 

Nature,  the  kind  old  nurse,  408,  454 

Nee  minor  est  virtus,  quam,  quaerere,  127,  271 

Nil  gravius  nil  improbius  quam  fcemina,  127 

Non  ego  me  methodo  astringam,  16 

Nothing  is  more  rare  in  any  man,  247 

Nutrit  ubi  implumes  peregrina  Ciconia,  127 

O  Lernaeam  vere  subolem,  128 

Pax  intrantibus,  506 

Pectoris  et  cordis  pariter  proprieque,  128 

Per  Mare  et  per  Terras,  per  quod  tegit,  128, 

271 

Plus  je  connais  les  hommes,  188,  273 
Possess  one's  soul,  247 
Pour  qui  le  monde  visible  existe,  247 
Praises  let  Britons  sing,  218 
Prefaces  to  books  are  like  signs  to  public- 
houses,  113 
Prinia  Salutantes  atque  altera  continet  hora, 

128,  271,  356 

Quadrijugis  evectus  equis  sol  aureus  exit,  55 
Queis  tentant  et  arantes  arenas,  127,  271 
Qui  que  tu  sois,  voici  ton  maitre,  69 
Quod  Beges   Indorum  protinus  aureis,   127, 

270,  356 

Quos  India  pascit  Onagros,  127,  270,  271 
Quoth  William  Penn  to  Martyr  Charles,  227 
Quotidie  viro  nubit,  128,  271 
Recte  vivere  ;  Alterum  haud  Iffidere,  469 
Regie  non  alia  in  tota  Asia,  127,  270 
Reliquas  etiam  virtutes  frugalitas  continet, 

173 

Rich  beyond  the  dreams  of  avarice,  220 
Romae,  Lutetiee  ac  Venetian,  127,  270 
Salus  civium  in  Legibus  consist  it,  127 
Sanguis  martyrum,  semen  Ecclesise,  487 
Sic  Angustiis  a  nobis  devictis,  127 
Sir  Walter  reigned  before  me,  278 
Sleep  the  sleep  of  the  just,  368 
Snakes  are  generated  out  of  human  brains, 

127,  270 

Spread  the  mapp'd-out  skulls,  157 
Sufficit  huic  tumulus,  108,  332 
Tell  me  not  in  mournful  numbers,  209 
The  arrion  crow,  that  loathsome  beast,  88 
The  craftsmen's  honours  treasures  are,  108 
The  French  have  taste  in  all  they  do,  129 
The  poet  in  a  golden  clime  was  born,  148 
The  pomp  and  prodigality  of  power,  448 
The  ringing  grooves  of  change,  246 
The  scent  of  the  roses,  300 


Quotations  :— 

Then  haste  thee  to  thy  sullen  isle,  190 

Then  Old  Age  and  Experience,  hand  in  handr 
108 

'Tis   love  that  makes   the  world   go  round r 
368,  497 

Titulo  dignatus  equestri,  128 

Turpis  libido  (scilicet)  potens  venere,  128,  270 

Two  men  looked  through  prison  bars,  468 

Two  shall  be  born  a  whole  wide  world  apart,. 
309,  353,  413,  476 

Ubi  honor  non  est,  127,  271 

Upon  the  hills  of  Breedon,  168,  218 

Unus  Pellseo  juveni  non  sufficit  orbis,  173 

Vir  bonus  es  doctus  prudens,  173 

We  shall  see  them,  68 

When  tyrants  kiss  'tis  time  to  fear,  348,  397 

Who  when  she  died,  like  Flora  fair,  68 

Whom  have  I  known  that  I  remember  best  ? 
168 

William  the  Conqueror  ten  sixty -six,  228 

With   equal   good   nature,    good   grace,    and 
good  looks,  55 

Yet  who   would   stop,    or   fear   to   advance,. 

129,  173 

Quotations,  seventeenth-century,  127 
R.  on  old  tunes,  138 
R.  (C.)  on  tanner  =  sixpence,  191 
R.  (C.  H.)  on  Gedney  Church,  Lincolnshire,  248 
R.  (G.  W.  E. )  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  397  f 
514 

Bastinado  as  an  English  punishment,  398 

Garibaldi,  247 

November  5th  :   Guy  Fawkes,  496 

'  Old  Time  Parson  '  :    Noagel  and  the  tomtit, 
496 

Quantities,  false,  9 

Suffragettes,  518 
R.  (J.  F.)  on  cire  perdue  process,  89 

Jacques  Babin,  ex-noble,  474 

'  Epulum  Parasiticum,'  178 

R.  (J.  H.)  on  "  minister  "  in  early  charters,  109* 
R.  (L.  M.)  on  lese-majeste1  :   republic,  507 
R.  (M.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  389 
R.  (S.)  on  the  nose  celestial,  54 
Race-courses,  dolls  on,  326,  453 
Races  and  mutton  at  Banstead,  c.  1733,  246 
Raid  of  the  Bishop  of  Norwich,  1383,  468,  516 
Railway  on  Thames  Embankment  suggested,  247 
Raleigh  (Sir  W.),  his  house  at  Brixton,  348,  411 
Randolph  (J.  A.)  on  Bruges  :  its  pronunciation,  474 
Ranger  of  Greenwich  Park,  history  of  the  office, 

189,  235 

Rats'  Club  dinner,  in  1816,  49 
Ratcliffe  (T.)  on  "  Apple- John  face,"  308 

"  As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed,"  169,  352 

Baal-fires  near  Belper,  206 

"  Butter  out  of  a  dog's  mouth,"  387 

Cadey=a  hat,  374 

Campbell,  its  pronunciation,  338 

"  Crooked  Billet,"  38 

Cross  sign  :   Hot  Cross  Buns,  157 

Deedler  :    Deedling,  66 

Dickens  on  half -baptized,  90 

Fee-bowls,  98 

"  He  which  drinketh  well,"  511 

Jones  (Hannah  Maria),  298 

"  May  Jemmy  Johnson  squeeze  me,"  309 

Moloker,  Yiddish  term,  435 

Murder  at  Winnats,  17 

November  5th,  384 

Nutting  time  :    Cobberer,  185 


544 


INDEX. 


Notes  ami  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


TRatcliffe  (T.)  on  Owd  Lad  =  the  Devil,  507 
Snakes  :    crayfish  and  onions,  448 
Southcott  (Joanna)  and  the  black  pig,  509 
'  Sweet  Nan  of  Hampton  Green,'  49 
Waterloo  :    Charlotte,  315 
Rattlesnake  Colonel,  1755,  meaning  of  the  term, 

189 

Bay  (F.  M.)  on  Tyng  of  Dunstable,  428 
Ray  (F.  R.)  on  Capt.  Cook's  voyages,  69 
Read  (F.  W.)  on  high  treason,  417 
Reader  on  John-a-Duck,  150 
Reade  (Aleyn  Lyell)  on  Johnson's  Ancestors,  44, 

203,  343,  465 

Plaxton  (Rev.  George),  301,  422,  503 
Readman  (F.  D.)  on  French  words  in  Scotch,  133 
Red-tail  knights,  1815,  meaning  of  the  term,  288 
Reed  (J.  H.)  on  E.  Thayer,  48 
Rees  (J.  R.)  on  Hazlittiana,  61 
Regimental  marches,  167,  312,  352,  377,  457 
Regiments :     Bombay,    1662-5,    its    history,    1  ; 

Scots  Greys,  its  history,  347,  396,  454 
Reindeer,  its  spelling,  453 
Relton  (F.  H.)  on  Dethick  pedigree,  214 
Reynardson  family,  409 
Rudge  family,  470 
Rugge  or  Rudge  family,  169 
Renzi  (Sir  Matthew  de),  d.  1635,  369,  433 
Repington  (Mr.)  and  Dr.  Johnson,  390 
Republic,  early  use  of  the  word,  507 
Research  on  Thelma  :   its  derivation,  289 
Revolution  Society,  temp.  William  III.,  247,  317 
Reynardson  family,  409 
Reynolds  (Sir  Joshua)  on  an  equestrian  statue, 

129 

Richardson  (Samuel),  his  family  connexions,  96 
Richter  (Jean  Paul  F.),   English  translations   of 

his  writings,  161,  254,  293 
Riehl  (W.  H.),  English  translations  of  his  works, 

247,  295 
Rigault    (Nicolas),    his    '  Epulum    Parasiticum, ' 

130,  177 

Rime  of  kings  and  queens  of  England,  228 
Rimes,  nursery.     See  Nursery  rimes. 
Rise,  as  an  active  verb,  73 
Rivett-Carnac   (Col.   J.   H.)   on  arms   of  married 

women,  429 

French  coat  of  arms,  209 
National  Flag,  193,  331 

Robbins  (A.  F.)  on  bastinado  as  a  punishment,  246 
"  Better  an  old  man's  darling,"  310 
Cornish  and  other  apparitions,  117 
Fair-copy,  7 

Military  officer,  oldest,  97 
Morris  (Edward),  M.P.,  397 
North  Bungay  Fencibles,  429 
Olympic  games  in  England,  147 
Parliamentary  applause  :    earliest  use,  248 
Proverbs  and  popular  phrases,  281,  458 
Roundhead,  357 
Shakespeariana,  164 

Shakespeare's  compliment  to  Elizabeth,  418 
"  Sinews  of  war,"  253 
Slavey,  187 

Tintagel,  its  pronunciation,  194 
Robbins  (R.)  on  "  As  thick  as  inkle-makers,"   186 
Roberts  family,  149 
Roberts  (W.)  on  Canning  portraits,  53 
Constable's  family,  328 
Foote  (Samuel),  455 
French  Peerage,  338 
Higgs  or  Higges  family,  3S7 
Hoppner  (R.  Belgrave),  349 


Roberts  (W.)  on  Hoppner  and  Sir  T.  Frankland'a 

daughters,  233 
Low  (Sampson),  365 
'  Marseillaise,'  326 
Martin  (J.  Henry),  artist,  406 
Maurice  (Widow),  printer,  67 
North  (Roger),  life  of  his  brother,  57 
Pall  Mall,  No.  93,  425 

Rockingham  on  dead  animals  exposed  on  trees,  458 
Fig  trees  :   maturing  meat,  53 
United  States,  social  life  in,  418 
Rod  as  measure  for  brickwork,  388 
Roman    Catholic    Bishops,  English,    their    arms, 

228,  316,  458 

Roman  law,  its  moral  substance  summarized,  469 
Roman  legions  at  York,  8,  134 

Roman  town  buried  in  Inglewood  Forest,  269,  317 
Romille  (Countess  of)  and  the  mill  of  Silsden,  208 
Rose  (W.  F.)  on  charming-bells  for  bird-catching, 

48 

Roses  as  badges,  87,  174,  218 

Rotunda,  Blackfriars  Road,  and  Rowland  Hill,  221 
Roundhead,  earliest  use  as  political  term,  357 
Round  (J.  Horace)  on  Turstin  de  WTigmore,  250 
Round  Oak  Spring,  sonnet  to,  9,  73 
Rowe  ( J.  H.)  on  Basset :   Englefield  :   Basevil,  29 
De  St.  Philibert,  8 
Manor  identification,  48 
Rowlandson  (Miss),  a  centenarian  kinswoman  of 

Dr.  Johnson,  465 
Roxburghe    (Duke    of)    and    Harewood    House, 

Hanover  Square,  406 

Royal  Engineers  of  Ireland,  1251-1801,  328 
Royal  Exchange,  statues  round,  491 
Royal  Standard,  the  sovereign's  flag,  72,  130,  193, 

331 

Rudge  family,  169,  470 
Ruffles,  catgut,  c.  1755,  189 
Rugge  or  Rudge  family,  169 
Rushbrooke  (Elizabeth)-  W.  H.  Price,  369 
Rushlights,  27,  76,  93,  135,  154,  275,  353 
Ruskin  (J.)  on  Baptistery  font  at  Florence,  88 
Russell  (A.)  Akbar's  likeness,  215 
Alphonso  :    Haakon,  234 
Arabic  vowels  :    their  transliteration,  285 
Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  129 
Barrar,  its  meaning,  358 
Brass  as  a  surname,  74 
Comloquoy  surname,  187 
Counting  bringing  ill-luck,  137 
Curious  House,  Greenwich,  469 
Field-glasses  in  1650,  73 
French  words  in  Scotch,  133 
Garioch,  its  pronunciation,  298 
House,  oldest  inhabited,  in  Scotland,  268 
Kairwan,  its  meaning,  368 
Lion  and  the  unicorn,  294 
November  5th  :    Guy  Fawkes,  434 
Paulitian  language,  157 
Skylarks  in  Orkney,  229 
Spanish  works  in  Borrow,  150 
Swank,  its  meanings,  192 
"  Wife  Bazaar,"  118 
Russell  (Lady)  on  "  Plus  je  connais  les  hommes," 

273 

Russell  (F.  A.)  on  baal-fires,  315 
Dickens  on  half  baptized,  256 
London  statues  and  memorials,  213 
Russell  (G.  W.  E.)  on  Campbell,  338 
Handwriting,  changes  in,  338 
Waterloo  :    Charlotte,  338 
Russell  =  Howe,  269 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


545 


Buthwell  Cross,  Dumfriesshire,  168,  217 
Button  (W.  L.)  on  burial-ground  of  St.  George's, 
Hanover  Square,  57 

Constables  of  the  Tower,  118,  277 

Hyde  Park  and  Kensington  Gardens,  41,  142 

Neyte,  Eybury,  and  Hyde,  321,  461 

Teoburnan=  Tyburn,  329 

Buvigny  (Marquis  de)  on  Law  of  Lauriston,  434 
S,  long,  in  handwriting,  269,  338 
S.  on  Edward  Young,  490 
S.  (A.  E.)  on  Anthony  Merry,  statesman,  228 
S.  (F.  H.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  237 
S.  (F.  S.)  on  Tintagel,  195 

S.  (G.  H.)  on  Speakers  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
489 

"  Star  and  Crown,"  Goudhurst,  469 

Wild  (J.  R.),  artist,  447 
S.  (H.)  on  C.  Barron,  19,  Pall  Mall,  69 

Mediterranean,  456 

S.  (H.  K.  St.  J.)  on  seventeenth-century  quota- 
tions, 270 

Tintagel,  194 

S.  ( J. )  on  Mr.  Repington  and  Johnson,  390 
S.  (L.)  on  "  the  lost  tribe  "=  the  Scotch,  9 
S.  (M.  L.)  on  Horse  Hill,  489 
S.  (T.  X.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  129 

Woollen  goods  from  France,  149 
S.  (W.)  on  '  D.N.B.  Epitome,'  284 

Erskine  (Charles,  Cardinal),  377 

Scots  Greys,  454 
S.  (W.  P.  D.)  on  Bletchingly  Place,  9 

'  Letters  left  at  the  Pastry-Cook's,'  476 
Sabaritcke,  use  of  the  word,  1614,  33,  53,  134 
St.  Andrew,  his  head  brought  to  Home,  91,  135,155 
St.  Andrew's  Cross,  its  history,  91,  135,  155 
St.  Apollonia,  patron  saint  of  the  teeth,  121 
St.  Barbara's  feather,  308,  373 
St.  Francis,  Order  of,  and  Dante,  303 
St.  Francis's  moon  in  August,  189,  258,  478 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  its  burial-ground, 

8,  57 

St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  Jubilee  memorial  at,  491 
St.  Godwald,  his  identification,  268,  476 
St.  Helena,  Napoleon  Bonaparte  at,  162 
Saint-Hilaire,  Poitiers,  its  history,  287 
St.  la,  her  biography,  235 

St.  John  Baptist's  Eve  and  Day,  how  kept,  52,  353 
St.  John's,  Westminster,  and  the  Strand,  244 
St.  Kenelm's  at  Ware,  print  of,  129 
St.   Margaret's  Hospital,   or  Green  Coat  School, 

Westminster,  129,  172 

St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  and  the  Strand,  244 
St.  Martha,  representatives  of,  108,  178 
St.    Martin    Pomeroy    and    Boman    pomosrium, 

382,  450,  495 

St.  Mary  le  Bow,  Milton  memorial  in,  491 
St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Aldermanbury,  memorial  at, 

491 

St.  Mary's  Abbey,  York,  17 
St.  Osyth  dragon  legend,  376 
St.  Pancras  Borough  Council,  Latin  motto,  369, 

412 

St.  Patrick,  friendly  Brothers  of,  ante  1751,  308 
St.  Paul's,  Cardinal  of,  85,  173,  235,  273 
St.  Petersburg  or  Petersburg,  306,  357,  458 
St.  Swithin  on  American  notions,    150 

Animals,  extraordinary  contemporary,  398 

"  As  the  farmer  sows  his  seed,"  217 

"  Angel  "  of  an  inn,  15 

Baal-fires  :    bonfire,  391 

Baptistery  Font,  Florence,  88 

"  Better  an  old  man's  darling,*'  375 


St.  Swithin  on  Cadey=a  hat,  198 

Cardinal  of  St.  Paul's,  S5,  273 

Chine,  stuffed,  78 

Cremitt  money,  106 

Dolls  on  race-courses,  453 

Gedney  Church,  Lincolnshire,  311 

Guard  aloft,  4S7 

Hame-rein,  196 

Her's,  12 

"  His  end  was  peace,"  517 

Hors  d'ceuvre,  255 

Jesuits  at  Mediolanum,  375 

Leamington-on-Sea,  47 

Leg  growing  after  death,  506 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots  :   portrait,  368 

Monkeys  stealing  from  a  pedlar,  373 

Murray  II.  (John),  147 

Plate,  its  date,  298 

Begimental  Marches,  377 

St.  Barbara's  feather,  373 

St.  Martha,  108 

Salarino,  Salanio,  and  Salerio,  176 

Throat-cutting  at  public  executions,  315 

Unthank,  place-name,  15 

Vowel-shortening,  111 

"  What  you   but  see   when  you   haven't   a* 
gun,"  38 
Wife  Bazaar,"  276 

Wilbraham  and  Tabraham,  477 
St.  Thomas,  Charterhouse,  at  auction,  347 
Saint  and  Melampus,  allusion  to,  68 
Sainthill  (Mrs.)  on  Windle  family,  28 
Sainthill     (Richard),     antiquary,     of     Topsham,. 

Devon,  228 

Salad  dressing,  Sydney  Smith's  recipe  for,  28,  74 
Salford :      Saltersford :      Saltersgate,     222,     256,- 

274,  297,  337,  373,  438 
Salisbury   (Earl  of)  and   Quicks  Wood,   Clothall,. 

c.  1780,  308 
Salmon  (D.)  on  church  of  Llantwit  Major,  338 

Pena  (Dr.),  365 

Salmon  (Nathaniel),  1675-1742,  antiquary,  489 
'  Salopian   Magazine,'    translation   of   Jean   Paul 

in,  161  •  jt- 

Salt  ersford  :   Salford  :   Saltersgate.     See  Salford. 
Saltworks  and  place-names,  337 
Sampson  (Bishop)  of  Lichfield,  his  parentage,  429* 
Sanda3us  (Maximilian  and  Crashaw,  307 
Sands  or  Sandys  (Archbishop),  d.  1588,  12 
Santapee,  Buiana  teim,  its  meaning,  264 
Sapper  on  regimental  marches,  313 
Sargeaunt  (J.)  on  disdaunted,  328,  352 
Sarum,  use  of  the  word,  234 
Sax-Dane  on  the  National  Flag,  193 

Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  238 

Pink  saucer,  254 

Stevenson  (M.)  and  W.  Preston,  189 
Scabulonius,  meaning  of  the  word,  228 
Scaramouch,  etymology  of  the  word,  86,  153,  257" 
Scargill  (W.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  397 

Waterloo  :    its  pronunciation,  232 
Schank  (L.)  on  inferior  clergy,  251 

National  Portrait  Gallery,  476 
Schroeter  (H.  M.)  on  Omar  Khayyam  bibliography,. 

307 

Scone  or  scon,  etymology  of  the  word,  326 
Scot  (W.)  on  '  Chovevi-Zion,'  407 
Scotch,  French  words  in,  132,  274,  314 
Scotch  tour,  c.  1830,  title  wanted,  9 
Scotland,  oldest  inhabited  house  in,  268 
Scots  Greys,  history  of  the  regiment,  347,  396,  454 
Scottish  proper  names,  -is  and  -es  in,  486 


546 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Scottish  University  arms,  36 

Scott  (Sir  W.),  on  the  mystery  of  Glamis,  241, 

311  ;  reference  to  the  French  Gazette,  268 
Scouts,  Boy,  their  war  song,  225 
Scrope  (Adrian,)  his  burial-place,  469 
Searle  or  Serle  family  of  Epping,  8 
Seguier  family  and  arms,  295 
Selby  Abbey,  Christmas  at,  1397,  506 
Selwyn  (Mrs.  E.)  on  Zoffany,  130 
Senex  on  Sir  Alexander  Brett,  289 
Deuxsaint  family,  309 
Kingsley's  '  Lorraine,'  278 
Servian  surnames,  their  formation,  305 
Sexton,  office  held  by  one  family  277  years,  246 
Shacklewell  Lane,  alterations  in,  126 
Shadow  shows,  their  literature,  257 
Shakespeare  (W.),  quarto  described  by  Pope,  107  ; 
and    toothache,    122  ;     and    geography,    346  ; 
his   epitaph,    346,    396,    417  ;     the   actor,    346  ; 
essay  by  Kipling  on,  348,  395  ;  unnoted  compli- 
ment to  Elizabeth,   418  ;    Birthplace  Visitors' 
Books,  429,  478,  515 
'  Shakespeare  Apocrypha,'  error  in,  345 
Shakespeare  (John),  bitmaker,  104 
Shakespeare  (John)  of  Lapworth,  his  will,  353 
Shakespeare  (John)  of  Layston,  d.  1732,  317 
Shakespearian  memoranda,  286 
Shakespeariana :  — 

Antony  and  Cleopatra,  Act  I.  sc.  i.,  "  Such 
a  mutuall  paire,"  424 ;  Act  I.  sc.  iii., 
"I  wish  forbeare,"  165,  345;  Act  III. 
sc.  xii.,  "  Lessons  his  Bequests,"  424  ; 
Act  V.  sc.  ii.,  "  An  Anthony  it  was,"  424 
As  You  Like  It,  Act  II.  sc.  vii.,  "  Till  that," 
344 


Cymbeline,     Act    III. 
a-bed,"  165,  345 


sc.    iii.,     "  Travelling 


Hamlet,  Act  I.  sc.  ii.,  "  A  beast,  that  wants 

discourse  of  reason,"  165 
Henry  IV.,  Part  II.,  Act  I.  sc.  ii.,  "  If  a  man 

is  through  with  them,"  164,  345  ;    Act  I. 

sc.   iii.,    "  Yes,   if   this   present   quality   of 

war,"  344 
Macbeth,  Act  II.  sc.  iii.,  "  Come  in,  farmer," 

164  ;     Act    III.    sc.    iv.,    "  If   trembling    I 

inhabit,"  166 
Measure  for  Measure,  Act  I.  sc.  ii.,  "  I  will, 

out  of  thine  own  confession,"  63  ;    Act  I. 

sc.  iii.,  "  The  baby  beats  the  nurse,"  ib.  ; 

Act    III.    sc.    i.,     "  The    corrupt    deputy 

scaled,"  63,  167  ;    Act  III.  sc.  ii.,  "  A  shy 

fellow  was  the  Duke,"  63  ;    Act  V.  sc.  i., 

"  Neither    maid,    widow,    nor    wife,"    64  ; 

Act   V.   sc.    i.,    "  Show   your   sheep-biting 

face,"  ib. 
Merchant  of  Venice  :    Salarino,  Salanio,  and 

Salerio,  132,  176,  333 
Richard  III.,   Act  IV.   sc.   iv.,    "  Humphrey 

hour,"  344 

Borneo  and  Juliet,  Act  II.  sc.  ii.,   "  Tassel- 
gentle,"  164 
Venus    and    Adonis,    "  Lo,    here    the    gentle 

lark,"  166 

Winter's  Tale,  Act  IV.  sc.  iv.,  "  Saltiers  "  344 
Shalgham-zai,  Anglo-Indian  term,  448 
Sharpe  (H.  C.)  on  Baydon,  Cumberland,  249 
Sharpe  (B.  B.)  on  Baal-fires  :    bonfire,  392 
Sharpham  (Edward),  1576-1618,  his  writings,  21, 

Shelley  (C.)  on  Ovoca  or  Avoca,  397 


Shelley  (P.  B.),  '  Original  Poetry  by  Victor  and 

Cazire,'  224  ;   Persian  translation  by,  349,  438 
Shells,  New  Zealand  fossil,  489 
Shepherd  (T.)  on  "  tanner  "=  sixpence,  191 
Sherborn  (C.  D.)  on  Bichard  Weyon,  249 
Sherborne  (Lord)  on  Archbishop  of  Dover.  218 
Sheridan  (T.  H.)  on  Tintagel,  148 
Sheriffs  of  London,  dates  of  death,  167,  238 
Sherlock  surname,  265 
Sherwood  (G.  F.  T.)  on  "  Vizt,"  36 
Shibboleths,  later  instances,  408 
Shipman  (Capt.  John)  and  the  Bombay  Begiment,  1 
Shipman  (Sir  Abraham)  and  the  Bombay  Begi- 
ment, 1 

Shoreditch  family,  369,  455 
Short  and  Gordon  families,  330 
Shorter  (Clement)  on  Johnson's  'Tropical  Climates,' 

89 
Johnsonians,  87 

Told  (Silas),  348 

Shorthouse  (J.  H.)  on  '  John  Inglesant,'  246 
'  Shutes  of  Sheffield,'  magazine  story,  408 
Sibson,  Leicestershire,  bell  customs  at,  430 
Sieveking  (A.  F.)  on  '  Epulum  Parasiticum,'  130 
Sigma  Tau  on  Searle  of  Epping,  8 
Silesian  tooth,  188 

Silsden  mill  and  the  canons  of  Embsay,  208 
Silvretta  Mountains,  books  on,  67 
Simms  (Rupert)  on  Chesterton  and  Hanley,  210 

Stafford  and  Northampton  families,  329 

Staffordshire  M.P.s,  266 

Stepkin  (Col.)  and  Capt.  Backhouse,  209 
Simonburn,  Northumberland,  inscription  in  church 

366 

Simpson  (C.)  on  Craven  family,  490 
Simpson  or  Simson  family,  150 
Si  Ngan  Foo,  Nestorian  tablet  in,  207 
Sir,  as  clerical  courtesy  title,  175,  250,  353 
Skalinges,  meaning  of  the  word,  228 
Skeat  (Prof.  W.  W.)  on  Ancaster,  512 

Askwith  or  Asquith,  37 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  497 

Away,  new  use  of  the  word,  364 

Baal-fires  :   bonfire,  251,  392 

Campbell,  its  pronunciation,  393 

Dear  :    "  O  dear  no  !  "  395 

Epitaph  in  Owen  MSS.,  276 

French  words  in  Scotch,  314 

Geard,  its  derivation,  306 

Guide,  its  derivation,  13 

Holy  Grail,  17 

Hove  :    Anglo-Saxon  ghost-words,  111,  271 

Ising-glass,  early  instances,  346 

Man  in  the  Moon  in  1590,  518 

"  Presbyter  Incensatus,"  372 

Salford  :    Saltersford  :    Saltersgate,  373 

Scone  or  scon,  326 

Shakespeariana,  344 

Stonehenge,  386 

T,  initial,  in  place-names,  486 

Vowel-shortening,  43,  175 

Wainscot,  325 

Waterloo,  its  pronunciation,  232 

Wharf,  264 

Widkirk  :    '  Wakefield  Mysteries,'  177 

Wilbraham  and  Tabraham,  477 
Skelton  (A.)  on  Maden  case,  190 
Skelton  (C.)  on  Campbell,  393 

Macaroni  Magistrate,  449 
Skylarks  in  Orkney,  229 

Skyrme  (Charles),  Westminster  scholar,  1740,  148 
Slavey,  slang  word,  used  by  Leopold  I.,  187 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


547 


Sleep,  Latin  lines  on,  17 
Smallpox  Hospital,  1793-4,  187,  232 
Smith  (G.  C.  Moore)  on  old  English  dramatists,  17 
Epitaph  in  Owen  MSS.,  276 
'  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle,'  427 
Sharpham  and  Hayman,  21 
Smith  (P.)  on  the  Tyburn,  431 
Smith  (Sydney),  recipe  for  salad  dressing,  28,  74 
Smith  family  of  West  Kennett,  Wilts,  449 
Smyth  (E.  C.)  on  Portfolio  Society,  53 
Smyth  (H.)  on  rushlights,  353 
Snail-eating  and  gipsies,  69,  134 
Snakes,  crayfish,  and  onions,  448 
Snakes  drinking  milk,  265,  316,  335,  377,  418 
Snell  (F.  S.)  on  Cock-foster,  253 
Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  10,  52,  113,  216 
Snodgrass  (A.  E.)  on  dolls  in  magic,  196 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  216 

Snodgrass  (W.  G.)  on  Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  1 
Soap-making  in  1641,  357 
Sobriquets  and  nicknames,  174 
Solomons  on  Commodore  Chamberlain,  329,  437 
Inquisition  and  Jews,  288 
Meschianza,  30 
Moloker,  Yiddish  term,  435 
Philadelphia  (Jacob),  89,  293 
Somers  (Sir  George),  1554-1610,  memorial  to,  28 
Son,  disobedient,  legend  of,  408 
Songs  and  Ballads: — 

By  the  river's  lonely  shore,  442 
Clashing  swords  no  more  resound,  -M3 
Fidallan  was  a  comely  youth,  443 
Folkestone  Fiery  Serpent,  508 
Fryar  Bacon,  48 

Hark  the  northern  blasts  arise  !   442 
Henry  and  Clara,  17 
How   blest   is    the   lot,  442 
Kitty  Fisher's  Jig,  50,  115 
Maid  of  the  Mill,  350 
Marseillaise,  its  author,  326 
O'er  Laduna's  ample  plain,  443 
Oh  Mr.  O'Tagrag,  442 
Old  King  Cole,  510 

On  ancient  Cromla's  dark  brown  steeps,  443 
Strike  the  harp's  responsive  strings,  443 
The  bright  star  of  day,  443 
The  night  is  long,  the  skies  o'ercast,  443 
When  I  first  began  to  talk  big,  442 
With    knights,    and    maids,    and   loves,   442 
Yankee  Doodle,  50,  115 
South  (A.)  on  Corbet  =  Valletort,  254 
Southam  (Herbert)  on  books  by  the  ton,  35 
Defoe  :   the  Devil's  Chapel,  134 
Hopper  (H.),  modeller,  130 
Hotspur's  sword,  446 
Rushlights,  77 
Willow-pattern  china,  98 
Wood  (Eleanor),  477 

Southcott   (Joanna),  her  celestial  passports,  405  ; 

memorandum  book,  ib.  ;   and  the  black  pig,  509 

South ey  (R.)  on  toothache,  122  ;    on  a  Newcastle 

miracle,  207 

Spanish  works  in  Borrow 's  '  Zincali,'  150,  276 
Sparkenhoe,  its  derivation,  469 
Sparrow  (J.  E.)  on  Coventry  (John  Eyre),  288 

John  Eyre,  1775,  329 

Speakers  of  House,  of  Commons,  388.  489,  518 
Spearing  (Lieut.  G.),  of  Greenwich  Hospital,  228 
Speke  (Capt.),  public  memorials  of,  493 
Spelling  reform  in  the  seventeenth  century,  226 
Spenser  (E.),  early  allusions  to,  121 
Spero  on  National  Portrait  Gallery.  329 


Spinoza,  C.  Bradlaugh  on,  347 
Spleen  unfavourable  to  running,  202 
Sportsmen,  field  memorials  to,  509 
Spurway  (C.)  on  Norman-French  deed,  168 
Squires  (E.  E.),  on  Fairclough  family.  349 
Vestments  at  Westminster  Abbey,  470 
Stafford  and  Northampton  families,  329 
Staffordshire  M.P.s,  1290-1322,  266 
Stammering,  cure  for,  367,  418 
Standerwick  (J.  W.)  on  county  divisions,  368 
Stanier  (H.  S.)  on  Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  31 
Stanley  (Hans),  mission  to  Paris,  128 
Stapleton  (A.)  on  Salford  :   Saltersford,  337 
e  Star  and  Crown,"  Goudhurst,  Kent,  469 
Star  and  Garter,"  Pa,  Ma,  244,  296,  336 
Start=  ass,  use  of  the  word,  1698,  328 
Statue,  equestrian,  Sir  J.  Reynolds  on,  129 
Statues  :  in  London,  122,  211,  258,  290    370,  491 : 

in  British  Isles,  387 
Stays,  swimming,  c.  1742,  89 
Steamboats,  Thames,  in  1815,  458 
Steele  and  Addison,  woodcut  of,  49 
Steepe  surname,  468 

Steering-wheel,  its  construction,  48,  98,  215 
Stepkin  (Col.),  shot  by  Capt.  Backhouse,  209,  255 
Stevenson  (A.  P.)  on  Hon.  Samuel  Williams,  349 
Stevenson  (Matthew),  portrait  by  Gaywood,  189 
Stewart  (Alan)  on  Arachne  House,  373 

"  Essex  Serpent,"  376 

Stewart  (H.  H.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  408 
Stewart  (J.  A.)  on  the  National  Flag,  332 
Stewart  ( J.  J. )  on  Scots  Greys,  347 
'  Stilton  Hero,'  poem,  copy  discovered,  245 
Stilwell  (J.  P.)  on  hame-rein,  196 
Stoke,  Wirral,  Parish  Registers,  287 
Stone  (J.  Harris)  on  bridal  stone,  329 
Stonehenge,  derivation  of  the  word,  386 
Stones,  bridal,  329,  394,  515 
Stopes  (C.  C.)  on  a  Shakespeare  will,  353 
Storks  and  Commonwealths,  368,  438 
Story  (W.  W.),  his  "  Vse  [lo  ?1  Victis,"  356 
Strachan  (L.  R.  M.)  on  Baal-fires  :   bonfire,  456 

Disdaunted,  453 

Strand  and  St.  Margaret's  and  St.  John's,  West- 
minster, 244 

Strand  Hotel,  c.  1862,  its  history,  26 
Strand-on-the-Green,  Arachne  House  at,  290,  373 
Street  (E.  E.)  on  November  5,  434 

Rushlights,  93,  135 
Strong  (O.  H.)  on  regimental  marches,  352 
Stuart  (Arabella)  and  Highgate,  46,  93,  156 
Stubbs  (P.)  author  of  '  Anatomy  of  Abuses,'  308 
Stumpy  and  Rowdy,  origin  of  the  names,  287 
Sturges  (A.  J.)  on  '  Intellect  and  Valour  of  Great 

Britain,'  129 

Stymie  at  golf,  its  etymology,  15,  112,  192 
Suckling  (F.  H.)  on  George  Henley,  192 

Luther  pictures,  350 

uetonius  and  Swift,  literary  parallel,  365 
Suffragettes  and  '  Girl  of  the  Period,'  467,  518 
Sulley  (F.)  on  Baal-fires  :   bonfire,  456 
Sumner  (Archbishop)  and  wigs,  392 
Surnames:    Askwith  or  Asquith,  37;    Brass,  74, 
136      Campbell,  228,  278,  338,  393,  432  ;   Colel, 
249      Comloquoy,  187  ;    Ellen,  410  ;    Garioch, 
298       Guppy,    327,    477,    517  ;     Haldane,    347, 
396        Pickthall,    249,     295  ;     Sherlock,    265 ; 
Snodgrass,    10,    52,    113,    216;      Steepe,    468  j 
Unthank,  15 
lurnames :    Irish,   146,    354,    417  ;  Servian,    305 ; 

ending  in  -eng,  428,  497 
urrey  Gardens,  their  history,  32,  78 


548 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Sussex  county  arras,  230,  332 

Sutton  (C.  W.)  on  Ebenezer  Gerard,  517 

Swank,  dialect  word,  its  meanings,  192 

Swans,  right  to  keep,  449 

Swedenborg  (E.),  memorial  tablet,  56 

Swedish  Church,  Prince's  Square,  E.,  97,  154 

Sweeting  (W.  D.)  on  clerical  interments,  233 

*  Sweet  Nan  of  Hampton  Court,'  print,  49 

Swift  and  Suetonius,  literary  parallel,  365 

Swimming  bath,  earliest,  89,  138,  178 

Swimming  stays,  c.  1742,  89 

Swinton  (G.  S.  C.)  on  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  229 

Swynnerton  (C.)  on  Constables  of  the  Tower,  213 

Latin  inscription  in  Italy,  209 
Sydenham  (Sir  John),  of  Brimpton,  his  wife,  490 
Sydney,  rise  of  the  city,  1789-1908,  261,  412 
T,  initial,  in  place-names,  486 
T.  (G.)  on  '  Is  Life  Worth  Living  ?  '  295 
T.  (W.)  on  extraordinary  animals,  309,  515 

United  States,  social  life  in,  248 
T.  (Y.)  on  Bandy  Leg  Walk,  438 

Cornish  and  other  apparitions,  35 

Dickens  and  the  lamplighter's  ladder,  12 
T— 1  (W.)  on  American  naval  story,  1814,  428 
Tabraham  as  proper  name,  430,  477 
Taine  :    "  Tenir  une  queue  de  vache,"  188,  273 
Tanner=  sixpence,  origin  of  the  term,  50,  191 
Tarentine,  a  herb,  108 

Targe,  meaning  of  the  word,  1525,  248,  398 
Tavenor-Perry  (J.)  on  Don  Saltero's  Tavern,  67 

Saint-Hilaire,  Poitiers,  287 
Tavern  Signs  :— 

Bonnie  Cravat,  365,  458 

Crooked  Billet,  38,  77 

Don  Saltero's,  Chelsea,  67,  110,  252 

Essex  Serpent,  310,  376 

Flying  Horse,  227 

Pope's  Head,  1467,  206 

Protector's  Head,  30,  156,  217 

Star  and  Crown,  Goudhurst,  Kent,  469 

Star  and  Garter,  Pall  Mall,  244,  296,  336 
Taxus  on  yew  trees  by  Act  of  Parliament,  430 
Taylor  (El  W.  B.)  on  "  Behold  this  ruin  !  "  408 
Taylor  (G.  M.)  on  Bergerode,  407 
Taylor  (H.)  on  Ruthwell  Cross,  217 

Salford  :    Saltersford,  222 
Teenick,  Kentish  dialect  word,  467 
Teeth,  born  with,  453 
Teeth,  curious,  75,  188 
Telegram,  judgment  by,  467 
Tenison  (C.  M.)  on  Major-General  Fage,  350 

Gormanston  family,  230 

Winter  (Provost  Samuel),  229 
Tennyson  (A.),  hate  in  '  The  Poet,'  148  ;   "  ringing 

grooves  of  change,"  246 
Tenths  and  Fifteenths  explained,  88 
Tetherington  (John),  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1777,  189 
TH  as  a  symbol,  390,  436 

Thackeray    (W.    M.),    errors    in    'Esmond'    and 
'  Warringtons,'  146  ;   and  Lord  Melbourne,  387 
Thames,  the  Upper,  its  definition,  27 
Thames  Embankment,  railway  suggested,  247 
Thames  steamboats  in  1815,  458 
Thayer  (Ephraim),  1727-1814,  inquired  after,  48 
Theatre  at  Hampstead,  1807,  287 
'  Theatric  Tourist,'  drawings,  307 
Thelma,   derivation  of  the  name,   289 
Thomas-Stanford:(C.)  on  French  coat  of  arms,  258 
Thomas  (Ralph)  on  bibliographical  terms,  81,  484 

Heath  (W.),  artist,  13 

Jones  (Hannah  Maria),  298 

Braddon  (Paul) :  water-colour  art,  417 


Thompson   (C.   H.)   on  Attorney-General    to   the- 

Queen,  217 

Thomson  (Christopher),  Vicar  of  Winwick,  170 
Thoresby  (R.)  and  Rev.  George  Plaxton,  422 
Thorn-Drury  (G.)  on  man  in  the  almanac,  56 

'  Once  I  was  Alive,'  16 
Thornhill  (Cowper),  his  famous  ride,  245 
Thornhill  Bridge,  its  history,  286 
Thornton  (R.  H.)  on  Dugdale  and  Thorp  MSS.,  328* 

Milton  :   alleged  portrait,  447 

Omnibuses,  old,  86 

Reindeer,  its  spelling,  453 

Southcott  (Joanna),  relic,  405 

Wheatley  (Phillis),  and  her  poems,  385 

Z  :  name  of  the  letter,  107 
Thorp  and  Dugdale  MSS.,  328 
Throat-cutting  at  public  executions,  128,  236,  315> 
Thurcet,  meaning  of  the  word,  29,  72 
Tidman  (C.  W.)  on  William  Easby  of  Faceby,  470- 
Tiger  folk-lore  and  Pope,  88,  135,  358 
Tilsit,  Treaty  of,  and  Colin  A.  Mackenzie,  11 
Timber  :    waney  timber,  its  meaning  490 
Tims  (T.  C.)  on  Dr.  Hugo  Chamberlen,  329 

Chamberlin  (John)  of  Ratcliff-on-Soar,  168 
Ting  or  Tyng  family  of  Dunstable,  428 
Tintagel,  its  pronunciation,  148,  194,  294 
Titles  conferred  by  Cromwell,  49,  112 
Tobacconists'  heraldry,  427 
Told  (Silas),  writer  on  prison  life,  348,  390 
Tollgate  houses,  188,  274,  357 
Tolsey  at  Gloucester,  its  history,  469 
Toothache,  121,  171,  196,  216,  416,  474 
Tower   of    London,    Lieutenants    and  Constables, 

70,  118,  213,  277 
Townley  estates,  missing  heir,  89 
Townships,  detached  parts  of,  428 
Treason,  high,  its  punishment,  229,  314,  354,  417 
Trobridge  (G.)  on  the  Swedish  Church,   E.,  154 
Truse-fail,  game,  c.  1741,  490 
Trysull,  Dr.  Johnson's  early  visits  to,  465 
Tunes,  old,  48,  93,  138,  218 
Turkish  weights,  measures,  and  coins,  488 
Turner  (E.  M.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  353,  47$ 
Turner  (F.)  on  Brembre  or  Brambre,  516 

Cripple  carrying,  269 

Turner  (Miss  I.  S.)  on  Simpson  family,  150 
Turstin  de  Wigmore  :  Turstin  Flandrensis,  205,  250* 
Twycross  (J.  B.)  on  Raleigh's  house  atBrixton,  411 
Tyburn,  etymology  of  the  word,  329 
Tyburn,  the,  its  topography,  341,  430,  494 
Tyng  or  Ting  family  of  Dunstable,  428 
Typographical  puzzle,  186,  216 
U.  (H.  W.)  on  Chalk  Farm,  73 
U.  (N.)  on  stuffed  chine,  30 
Udal  (J.  S.)  on  book  margins,  72 

Clergy,  inferior,  their  appellations,  175 

Heraldic  queries  :    arms  of  married  ~ 
197 

John  of  Gaunt's  arms,  432 

St.  Andrew's  Cross,  91 

Welsh  heraldry,  255 
Unicorn  and  the  lion,  208,  294,  436 
Union  Light  Dragoons,  1780,  49 
United  States,  social  life  in  the  South,  248,  41S 
Unthank,  place-name,  its  origin,  15 
Urlin  (Miss  E.  L.  H.)  on  Urlin  families,  349 
Urlin  families,  349 
Urllad  on  hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  75 

Idle=  mischievous,  12 

Skylight  and  twilight,  76 
V-  (Q.)  on  Brembre  or  Brambre,  458 

Fleet  Prison,  478 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


INDEX. 


549 


V.  (Q.)  on  Handwriting,  changes  in,  269 

Haze  :   hazy,  102 

Hovelling,  125 

Man  in  the  Moon  in  1590,  446 

Manor  Rolls,  398 

Manytice,  its  meaning,  468 

Portions  :    pensions,  437 

Proclamation  against  immorality,  209 

St.  Andrew's  Cross,  135 

Salford  :   Saltersford  :    Saltersgate,  438 

Sarum,  234 

Tobacconists'  heraldry,  427 

Valletort  (Isabel  or  Beatrice)=  P.  Corbet,  1 68,  253 
Vardill  (A.  J.),  author  of  "  Behold  this  ruin,"  408 
Veitch  family,  87 

Venn  (J.)  on  Harvey's  birthplace,  216 
Vergel,  Spanish  word,  its  etymology,  169,  233 
Vernon  family  of  Hodnet,  76 
Vestments  at  Westminster  Abbey,  470 
Victoria  (Queen),  statue  at  Lancaster,   124  ;    on 
the   White   Sea,    376  ;   memorial    at   St.  tiiles, 
Cripplegate,  491 
Victorian  norm  of  1849,  16,  77 
Vigo  Bay,  actions  at,  1702-19,  30,  98 
Village  mazes,  96 

"  Ville  of  Sarre,"  Thanet :   the  word  Ville,  268 
Villiers  (Barbara),  Duchess  of  Cleveland,  108 
Vivaldi  (Leone),  his  travels  in  Africa,  229 
Vivandieres,  their  history,  158,  216 
Vivian  (Sir  Hussey)  and  Waterloo,  145,  190 
Vizt.,  use  of  the  abbreviation,  36 
Voltaire  on  love,  69 
Volunteers,  naval,  in  1795,  106 
Voreda,  Roman  town  in    Inglewood  Forest,  269, 

317 

Votes  for  women,  Dryden's  anticipation,  47 
Vowels,  Arabic,  their  transliteration,  285,  335 
Vowel-shortening,  43,  111,  132,  175 
Vulliamy  (Benjamin),  designer,  365 
W,  large-text,  in  handwriting,  269 
W.  (C.)  on  Italian  genealogy,  449 
W.  (C.  M.)  on  rod  of  brickwork,  388 
W.  (B.)  on  Askew  or  Ayscough  family,  8 
W.  (E.  L.)  on  Ursula  Warner,  348 
W.  (G.  H.)  on  Giles  Heron,  74 
W.  (L.  A.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  75 

'  Letters  left  at  the  Pastry-Cook's,'  475 

Ovoca  or  Avoca,  437,  497 
W — n  (G.)  on  Anna,  a  place-name,  268 

Knocking  off  a  priest's  bonnet,  247 
W.  (T.  M.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  295 

Ben  Jonson's  name,  158 

Kingsley's  '  Lorraine,'  377 

Prior  and  his  Chloe,  7,  134 

Tintagel,  its  pronunciation,  195 
W.  (U.  V.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  314 

Buccado,  137 

Dickens  on  half -baptized,  90 

Freeholders  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  470 

High  treason  and  its  punishment,  355 

John  of  Gaunt's  arms,  174 

Steering-wheel,  215 

W.  (W.  W.)  on  Wotton  and  the  Evelyns,  268 
Wade  (General)  and  his  roads,  83 
Wainewright  (J.  B.)on  Queen  Anne's  fifty  churches, 
37 

Antraigues  (Comte  d'),  152 

Arms  of  Roman  Catholic  Bishops,  316 

Augustinian  Cardinal :   Mount  Grace,  234 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  295,  454 

Barton  (Capt.)  of  H.M.S.  Lichfield,  334 

Beauford  (Dr.),  Rector  of  Camelford,  412 


Wainewright  ( J.  B.)  on  Chalice  inscription,  78 

'  D.N.B.'  :    additions  and  corrections,  114 

Double-headed  eagle,  337 

Ellison  (Henry),  95 

Gordon  (Hon.  Mrs.),  her  suicide,  38 

Heron  (Giles),  74 

Holy  Grail,  134 

Hove,  14 

Jones  (Hannah  Maria),  298 

Lancasters  of  Milverton,  386 

Lubersac  (Abbe"  de),  410 

Michaelmas  Day,  its  date,  336 

Monastic  estates,  354 

Norrises  of  Milverton,  225 

Oxford  Commemoration  in  1759,  114 

Pits  (Arthur),  366 

Pole  (David) :    David  Powell,  125 

St.  Francis's  moon,  478 

St.  Godwald,  476 

St.  Pancras  Borough  Council  motto,  369 

"  Sanguis  martyrum,  semen  Ecclesise,"  487 

Snodgrass  as  a  surname,  10 

Susex  arms,  332 

Thomson  (Christopher),  170     . 

Wolston,  95 

Wainscot,  early  use  of  the  word,  325,  377 
Wake  family,  364 

'  Wakefield  Mysteries  '  and  Widkirk,  128,  177 
Wake-week  in  Warwickshire,  155 
Waldock  family,  78 

Wale  :   forewale  :   afterwale,  their  origin,  146 
Walker  (B.)  on  Salford  :   Saltersford,  338 
Walker  (H.  F.)=  Ellen  Howard,  1833,  450 
Walker  (J.  W.)  on  "  femmer,"  9 
Waller  (A.  R.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,454 

Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  31 
Walsh  (W.  P.  P.)  on  Irish  Royal  Engineers,  328 
Walters  (R.)  on  Richard  Dighton,  454 

Guernsey  lily,  412 

Zoffany,  193 

Walton  (Anne),  epitaph  in  Worcester  Cathedral,  68 
Waney  Timber 

War,  conscientious  scruples  against,  1837,  9 
War  song  of  the  Boy  Scouts,  225 
Ward  (F.)  on  E.  F.  Holt,  painter,  489 
Ward  (J.)  on  Arabic  numerals,  368 
Ward  (Hon.  K.)  on  donkeys  and  measles,  326 

Whittaker  (Abraham),  289 
Warden  (G.  C.)  on  Bonaparte,  66 
Warden  (William)  and  Bonaparte,  3,  64,  162 
Wardrobe  Accounts  in  Public  Record  Office,  276 
Warner  (Ursula),  d.  1648,  her  biography,  348 
Warsaw,  British  envoy  at,  1774,  327,  398 
Warrington,  epitaph  at,  502 
Washington  family  pedigree,  323 
"  Wast  du  Roi,"  meaning  of  the  term,  168 
Watch  inscription,  506 
Water-colour  art,  417 
Waterloo  :  letter  by  Sir  Hussey  Vivian,  145,  196  ; 

its  pronunciation,  190,  232,  271,  315,  338 
Waters  (A.  W.)  on  Mrs.  Conwai  Hackett,  333 

How  (Mistress  Rachel),  335 

Military  bank-note,  437 

Victorian  coin,  16 
Watson  (Christopher)  on  Barony  of  Carnousie,  421 

Epitaph  at  Kingston-on-Thames,  502 
Watson  (J.)  on  nightcaps,  482 
Watts  (A.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  497 

Collins  (Mortimer),  298 

Longfellow's  '  Psalm  of  Life,'  272 

Petersburg  or  St.  Petersburg,  458 
Watts  family  of  Sussex,  149,  232,  313 


550 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  30,  1909. 


Wave,  the  largest,  445,  511 

Weatherhead  (William),  portrait  as  a  child,  427 
Wedgwood  pottery  of,  Australian  clay,  261,  412 
Weights,  measures,  and  coins,  Turkish,  488 
Welford  (R.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  348 

Death  after  lying,  195 

Deville,  157 

Femmer,  dialect  word,  75 

Moloker,  Yiddish  term,  477 

Nonconformist  burial-grounds,  31 
Wells  Cathedral,  "  man  with  the  toothache  "  121 
Welsh  heraldry,  255 

Wesley  (J.),  in  Germany,  187  ;  missing  letters,  367 
Westminster,  St.  Margaret's  Hospital,  129,  172 
Westminster  Abbey,  vestments  at,  470 
Westmorland  (Earl  of),  and  Miss  Child,  248,  293 
West/on  (Sir  Richard),  soap-making  patent,  357 
Weyman  (S.  J.),  O 'Sullivan-  Og  in  '  Wild  Geese,'146  ' 
Weyon  (Richard),  temp.  Richard  111.,  249    - 
Wharf,  history  9f  the  word,  264,  318  •*  *1 

Wharton  autobiography,  its  whereabouts,  190 
Wheatley  (H.  B.)  on  bibliographical  terms,  485 

Johnson's  '  Tropical  Climates,'  136 

Omnibuses,  old,  153 

Wheatley  (Phillis),  d.  1784,  negro  poetess,  385 
Whiff,  a  boat,  29,  91 

"  Whipping  the  cat,"  use  of  the  term,  198 
Whistler  (H.)  on  W.  Crowmer  :   Watts  family,  149 
White  cock  v.  the  devil,  34 
White  Rose  on  roses  as  badges,  218 
White  Sea,  its  identity,  308,  351,  376 
White  Sea,  its  locality,  456 
Whitear  (W.  H.)  on  Whittier,  70 
Whittaker  (Abraham),  c.  1792,  his  wife,  289 
Whittier  genealogy,  70 
Whitwell  (R.  J.)  on  "  Antonio  Nati,  Romano,"  288 

Cotteswold  in  Italian,  398 

Ising-glass,  411 

Whooping-cough,  donkey  cure,  326,  398 
Widkirk  and  the  '  Wakefield  Mysteries,'  128,  177 
Widow,  affixed  to  traders'  names,  67,  158,  257 
Wife  sales,  118,  237,  276 
Wigmore  (J.)  on  Turstin  de  Wigmore,  205 
Wigmore  (Turstin  de) :  205,  250 
Wigs,  bishops  and  clergy  in,  16,  78,  158,  356,  392 
Wilberforce  (Bp.  S.)  and  Huxley,  209,  335 
Wilbraham  as  proper  name,  430,  477 
Wild  (J.  R,),  artist,  his  biography,  447 
Wilkes   (John),  and  '  Essay  on  Woman,'  33,    90  ; 

and  Cap  of  Liberty,  52 

Wilkinson  (F.  E.)  on  Melampus  and  the  Saint,  68 
Willcock  (J.)  on  Attorney-General  to  the  Queen, 
110 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  10S 

Browne  (Sir  T.) :    quotation,  56 

Swift  and  Suetonius,  365 

Veitch  (Rev.  Wm.),  87 

William  I.  :   "  William  the  Conqueror  ten  sixty- 
six,"  228  ;  monastic  estates  under,  354 
Williams  (Erasmus),  d.  1608,  208,  258,  330 
Williams  (Hon.  S.),  President  of  Grenada,  349 
Williams  (W.  R.)  on  Army  and  Militia  Lists,  489 
Willow-pattern  china,  story  inscribed,  98 
Wilmot  (B.)  on  Townley  estates,  89 


Wilson  (James),  captain  of  the  Duff,  503 
Wilson  (W.  E.)  on  Scotch  tour  :  title  wanted,^ 

Shakespeariana,  345 
Windle  family,  28 

Wine  used  at  Holy  Communion,  96,  138 
Winnats,  co.  Derby,  murder  at,  1758,  16 
Winstanley  (William),  his  birthplace,  38 
Winston's  '  Theatric  Tourist,'  its  drawings,  307 
Winter  (Samuel),  Provost  of  Trinity,  229 
Wise  (H.  C.),  M.P.  for  S.  Warwickshire,  54 
Witch,  blooding  a,  215 

Withers  (Joseph)  and  "  Parson  "  Ford,  343 
Wolston  family,  95,  152 
Woman,  married,  her  arms,  197 
Women,  village  inhabited  solely  by,  496 
Women,  votes  for,  Dryden's  anticipation,  47,  98 
Worksop,  epitaph  at,  503 
Wood   (Eleanor),  her  baptism,  c.    1645-55,    367, 

47T 

Woodcock  (Capt.),  Milton's  father-in-law,  281 
Woollen  goods,  imported  from  France,  149 
Woollett  (F.)  on  Gascoigne  and  Euripides,  125 
Worcester  Cathedral,  Anne  Walton's  epitaph,  68 
Wortley  family  of  Barnsley,  209,  202 
Wotherspoon  (E.)  on  '  The  Shutes  of  Sheffield,'  408" 
Wotton  House,  its  builder,  7  ;    and  the  Evelyn 

family,  268 

Wrexham  Muster  Roll  of  1644,  307 
Wronghalf,  word  used  in  fulling,  248,  398 
Wych  Street,  Strand,  last  remnant,  86 
Wynne  (Peter),  1684-1731,  his  biography,  490 
^por^5  T^S  X7'^5'  K-r-^->  127,  272 
Xylographer  on  calligraphy  :   Billieul  and  Cham- 

bon,  168 

Yale  (Elihu),  his  epitaph,  502 
Yule-Waiting,  the  custom,  501 
'  Yankee  Doodle  '  and  '  Kitty  Fisher's  Jig,'  50 
Yardley  (E.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  173 

"  Blooding  a  witch,"  215 

Campbell,  its  pronunciation,  278 

Crows  and  rain,  136 

Dolls  in  magic,  195 

Hair  becoming  suddenly  white,  75 

Holy  Grail,  17 

Nursery  rime,  76 

Pied  Piper  in  Ispahan,  57 

Prior  and  his  Chloe,  77 

"  Sinews  of  war,"  253 
Yates  (Maghull),  date  of  his  death,  14 
Y -called  :   y-coled,  meaning  of  the  words,  510 
Yew  trees  planted  by  Act  of  Parliament,  430 
Ye  Ken  Wha  on  the  Glamis  mystery,  311 
Ygrec  on  bishops  and  Parliamentary  elections,  390 

Maps,  8 

Yiddish  term,  "  Ga  volt,"  365 
York,  Roman  legions  at,  8,  134 
Young  (A.  B.)  on  '  Original  Poetry  by  Victor  and 
Cazire,'  224 

Peacock  (T.  L.),  unpublished  songs,  441 
Young  (E.),  '  Night  Thoughts,'  bis  degree,  490 
Z,  name  of  the  letter,  107,  197 
Zephyr  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  68 
Zoffany    (J.),    portraits    of,    130,    193,    295  ;     his 
residence  at  Strand-on-the-Green,  290,  373 


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