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Notas and Queries, July 29, 1911. 



NOTES AND QUERIES: 



FOR 



LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC. 



When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLE. 



ELEVENTH SERIES. VOLUME III. 

JANUARY JUNE, 1911. 



LONDON: 

PUBLISHED AT THE 

OFFICE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.G. 
BY JOHN C. FRANCIS AND J. EDWARD FRANCIS. 



Notes and Queries, July 29, 1911. 



AC 

"boS 



M. 



LIBRARY 

730975 

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 



ii s. in. JAN. 7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



1 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, 1011. 



CONTENTS. No. 54. 

NOTES : Milton Bibles, 1 Bishopsgate Street Without, 2 
Chamney Family, 3 Anglo-American Mail Service: 
its Bicentenary South African Bibliography Samuel 
Richardson and the English Philosophers, 5 -Bells and 
Bell-Founders, 1560 Legal Macaronics, 6. 

QUERIES : "Terse" Claret-The Black Prince's Language 
"Die in beauty "Roger Greatorex Bibliography of 
Folk-lore, 7 Thread -Papers Pitt and Wilkes on Dis- 
franchisement Prebendary Gabriel Grant Militia 
Claims, 1716 Anne Boleyn : Bulley Family Lacy as a 
Place-Name, 8 John Hudson ' Pilgrim's Progress ' 
Imitated Oundle " Ennomic " " Caeqehouias " 
"Carent": " Patricksmas " : "Lukesmas" "Instant" 
or "Current" Rev. J. Samwell : Rev. J. Peacock 
Roeites of Calverton, 9 Andrew Arter's Memorial 
Church with Wooden Bell-Turret " God moves in a 
mysterious way," 10. 

REPLIES rMotto of 1851 Exhibition, 10 -Lord Mayor 
Trecothick, 11 Turcopolier Corn and Dishonesty, 12 
Eminent Librarians Great Snow in 1614, 13 Christmas 
Mummers Christmas Bough or Bush Owls called 
"Cherubims" Authors Wanted John Bright's Quota- 
tions, 15 'Gentleman's Magazine ' Danes'-Blood, a 
Flower, 16 High Stewards and Recorders Dante and a 
Font Miss Sumner, 17 Elizabeth Woodville and the 
Kings of Cologne Babies and Kittens Lowthers v. 
Howards, 18. 

NOTES OX BOOKS :-Leland's ' Itinerary 'Reviews and 

Magazines. 

Booksellers' Catalogues. 
Notices to Correspondents. 



JEtrrfes. 



MILTON BIBLES. 

A BIBLE in the British Museum (Add. MS. 
32, 310) is thus described in " Facsimiles of 
Royal, Historical, Literary, and other Auto- 
graphs in the Department of Manuscripts, 
British Museum. Edited by George F. 
Warner, M.A., Assistant Keeper of Manu- 
scripts. Series I. V." : 

" The Holy Bible printed by Robert Barker, 
London, 1612 : a copy which belonged to John 
Milton, who on the page here reproduced [facing 
the beginning of Genesis] entered memoranda of 
the dates of the birth, &c., of himself and members 
of his family, including his brother Christopher 
Milton [baptized 3 Dec., 1615] and his nephews 
Kd ward and John Phillips. The first five entries 
appear to have been made together in 1646 : 
the last two, written in 1657/8, after Milton had 
become totally blind, were added under his 
direction by another hand. Add. MS. 32, 310." 

The entries are as follows : 

" John Milton was born the 9 th of December, 
308, die Veneris half an howr after 6 in the 
morning. 

" Christofer Milton was born on Friday about 
a month before Christmass at 5 in the morning, 
1615. 



" Edward Phillips was 15 year old August, 
1645. 

" John Phillips is a year younger, about Octob. 

"My daughter Anne was born July the 29 th 
on the fast at eevning about half an houre after 
six 1646. 

" My daughter Mary was born on Wedensday, 
Octob. 25 th , on the fast day in the morning 
about 6 a clock, 1618. 

" My son John was born on Sunday, March the 
16 th about half an hower past nine at night, 1650. 

" My daughter Deborah was born the 2 d of 
May, being Sunday, somwhat before 3 of the 
clock in the morning, 1652. 

" [His*] My wife hir mother dyed about 3 days 
after. And my son about six weeks after his 
mother. 

" Katherin my daughter, by Katherin my 
second wife, was borne y e 19 th of October, between 
5 and 6 in y e morning, and dyed y e 17 th of March 
following, 6 weeks after hir mother, who dyed 
y 9 3 rd of Feb., 1657." 

The Bible an octavo edition of 1636 
printed by Young which Dr. Birch saw and 
examined in 1749-50, when he visited 
Milton's granddaughter Mrs. Foster in Cock 
Lane, near Shoreditch Church, also contains 
entries of births and deaths of Milton's chil- 
dren. Dr. Birch's own account is as follows : 

" She show'd me her Grand Mother's Bible in 
8 VO printed by Young in 1636, in a Blank Leafe 
upon which Milton had enter'd in his own Hands 
the Births of his Children, as follows: 

" ' Anne my Daughter was born July the 29 th 
the day of the Monthly Fast between six and 
seven, or about half an hour after six the Ev'ning 
1646. 

' ' Mary my Daughter was born on Wednesday 
Octob. 25 on the Fast Day in the morning about 
six o'clock 1645. 

' My Son John was born on Sunday March 
the 16 th halfe an houre past nine at night 1650. 

" ' My Daughter Deborah was born the 2 d of 
May, being Sunday somewhat before 3 of the Clock 
in the morning 1652.' " Birch Autograph 
MS. 4244. 

Mrs. Foster, daughter of Deborah, third 
daughter of Milton, of whom a long account 
is given in vol. vi. p. 751 ff. of Masson's 
' Life of Milton,' married Abraham Clarke, 
who died some time after 1688. She 
afterwards married Thomas Foster, " a 
weaver in Spitalfields," and died in 1727. 

All Milton's children are mentioned except- 
ing Katherin. Masson gives the following 
entries from the burial registers of St. 
Margaret's, Westminster, " Feb. 10, 1657/8, 
Mrs. Katherin Milton," and again, "March 
20, 1657/8, Mrs. Katherin Milton," and 
remarks that from these entries we should 
not know which designated the mother 
and which the child. He quotes, however, 
a sentence in Phillips' s memoir of his uncle 



Marked through. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, wn. 



which " settles the point." This sentence is 
as follows : 

'By his [Milton's] second wife he had only 
one daughter, of which the mother, the first year 
after her marriage, died in^childbedjand the child 
also within a month after." 

Katherin Woodcocke married Milton on 
12 November, 1656, and the child, according 
to the parish books of St. Margaret's, West- 
minster, was born 19 October, 1657. This 
date is given in the Museum Bible. Had 
Masson known of this Bible, he could even 
have given the exact day of death. 

There are slight differences in the wordings 
of some of the entries in the two Bibles. 
Here is another and important difference. 
" I am the book of Mary Milton," i.e. Mary 
Powell, Milton's first wife, is written, " in his 
wife's handwriting," in the Birch Bible. 
Those words are not in the Museum Bible, 
but on the inside of the back cover is 
written " Eliz. Elcock," and underneath 
"Eliz. Salmon, Her Book" (apparently 
maiden and married names). Of Milton's 
third wife, Elizabeth, nee Minshull, who 
died in 1727, the same year as Mrs. 
Foster, surviving Milton fifty-one years, 
we are told that she left all her effects, 
after payment of debts, to her nephews and 
nieces. Among those effects was " a large 
Bible." Possibly this was the Museum 
Bible, which had been acquired by one of 
those nieces. 

This Museum Bible was purchased from 
Thomas Kerslake in 1884. Masson's 'Life 
of Milton,' by the way, was published only 
three years previously. I naturally inquired 
of Dr. Warner whether Kerslake had given 
any details as to how the Bible had come 
into his possession. Dr. Warner kindly 
looked over all letters received from Kerslake 
during 1883 and 1884, but found nothing of 
the kind. Kerslake, who is now dead, 
wrote from Bristol. It would be extremely 
interesting to know its history. And per- 
haps some day the Bible described by Dr. 
Birch may come to light. J. S. S. 



BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT. 

(See 11 S. ii. 246.) 

THE widening of this ancient thoroughfare 
begins at Lupinsky & Brandon's, tailors, 
Nos. 134 and 135, and will extend to Norton 
Folgate. It may be observed that the new 
' Post Office Directory ' includes Bishopsgate 
only, and has a note that Bishopsgate Within 
and Without have been amalgamated under 
the new title. 



" The Black Raven," 136, Bishopsgate- 
Street Without, survives, like the curate's 
egg, " in parts." Some few years ago it 
could be distinguished, not by a hanging 
sign, but by a modern tessellated pavement 
at the entrance, bearing a large black raven. 
The probability, however, that it occupies 
the site of a more ancient house with the 
same sign is suggested by the circumstance 
of the upper portion containing, among 
other things, a very old-fashioned staircase, 
which I have not at present seen, and heavy 
beams of oak supporting the ceiling. My 
informant is Mr. Samuel Mossman, the- 
owner, who is landlord also of " The Swan 
Hotel " at Stratford, E., and whose con- 
nexion with " The Black Raven " has 
lasted over fifteen years. 

Mr. Mossman tells me that an old-fash- 
ioned society called " Ye Olde White Dogs " 
was held there for many years, and at Yule- 
time the chairman always gave the toast 
of " the buxom lasses and merry wives of 
Bishopsgate." The " White Dogs " at the 
same festive season distributed bread 
and coal tickets among the poor inhabitants 
of the surrounding district, a charity, sup- 
ported by many City merchants, which did 
a vast amount of good, but which has now 
been removed to the Bishopsgate Institute 
under a new name. 

There is a seventeenth - century token 
extant of " The Black Raven," but I do- 
not remember to have seen the sign noted 
by MB. McMuBBAY in his interesting lists 
of some of the " Signs of Old London." 

I have the remains of an old handbill, 
dated 1791, of "The Black Raven," 136, 
Bishopsgate Street Without. The land- 
lord at that time was Alfred Love, who 
announces the perhaps not surprising fact 
that he was a " direct importer and Bonder 
of all his wines and spirits, noted for Special 
Scotch and Irish Whiskies." A raven 
perched on a bough adorns this handbill. 
But why weie the " White Dogs " so named ? 
Angel Alley, which stood between Nos. 137' 
and 138, but was swallowed up by the Great 
Eastern Railway Station about, I think, 
sixteen years ago, probably marked the site 
of " The Angel Inn " in Bishopsgate Street,, 
where the Parish Clerks, incorporated in 
1232 by Henry III., kept their hall, that is, 
the first hall of the Fraternity ; and by it was 
an almshouse for seven poor widows of 
deceased members. The Clerks kept the 
account of christenings, casualties, &c., 
and published the bills of mortality, among 
other privileges of their charter being exemp- 
tion from parish duties in the parish wherein 



ii s. in. j.. 7, MI.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



they officiated ; they attended at funerals, j 
and proceeded on foot before the corpse, 
singing, until they reached the church ; 
they had also (probably at "The Angel") 
public feasts, with music and song. 

Lamb Alley, formerly between Nos. 144 
and 145, derived its name from a sign of 
" The Lamb Tavern " ; and Sun Street, 
part of which still exists at the back of 
No. 144, though formerly it had a continua- 
tion through the opposite side of the street, 
also had its name from a sign of " The Sun." 
A token of " The Sun " in Bishopsgate 
Street, issued by W. I. A., probably relates 
to Bishopsgate Within, where there was a 
tavern of which Sun Yard marked the site : 

"To be Sold 

A Strong season' d Hunter ; also a gentle Gelding, 
Master of about fourteen or fifteen Stone, fit for 
a Lady. Enquire of Major Tames in Sun Yard, 
Bishopsgate Street." Daily Advertiser, 1 Oct., 
1741. 

" The King's Arms," 128, Bishopsgate 
Street, was an ale-house in 1742, unless the 
following announcement relate to " The 
King's Arms," 106, Bishopsgate Street 
Within : 

" Lost the 31st of March last, from behind the 
Stoke Newington Coach, between Stoke Newing- 
ton and Bishopsgate, a Deal Box, with some 
Shifts, and Wearing Apparel. Whoever will bring 
the same to Mr. Hawkins at the King's Arms 
Ale-house in Bishopsgate Street, shall have a 
Guinea Reward, and no Questions ask'd." 
Daily Advertiser, 8 April, 1742. 
The tavern stands at the corner of Acorn 
Street, and was perhaps originally " The 
Acorn." There certainly was, according 
to Dodsley, an " Acorn " sign here which 
gave its name to Acorn Street. 

Sweetapple Court, at No. 157, was so 
named, not after such a sign, but after Sir 
John Sweetapple, the owner (Dodsley's 
' London ' ) ; but who he was, whether 
knight or baronet, or whether he had held 
the office of Alderman (he was not appa- 
rently a Mayor), I cannot say. 

J. HOLDER MA.CMICHAEL. 
(To be continued.) 



CHAMNEY OR CHOLMONDELEY 
FAMILY. 

WHAT has been described as the " curt and 
absurd pronunciation of Cholmondeley as 
Chulmley or Chumley the contraction of 
illiterate flunkeys," appears to have another 
variation, to wit, " Chamney," a hybrid 
which will not be found in the ' Patronymia 
Britannica.' A family of Chamney sprang 
up in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford 



towards the end of the seventeenth century, 
and their descendants may still be traced, I 
relieve, in the sister isle. The traditional 
rigin of the name is related in ' The Metal 
Mines of Ireland,' a paper read before the 
Royal Dublin Society by Mr. G. H. Kinehan 
on 24 March, 1886. 

Speaking of the co. Wicklow, the author 
says : 

" Bacon, an Englishman, came over and built 
works at Shillelagh. Before his time most of 
bhe charcoal was sent to Wales to be there used 
in the final working of iron. He, however, con- 
sidered it would be more economical to import 
the pig iron than export the charcoal. This 
adventure was most successful, and at the time 
of the Commission for examination into the 
state of timber in Ireland, he had amassed a sum 
of over one million pounds. Having only one 
child, a daughter, the bait was too seductive to 
one of the Commissioners, a scion of the twice 
noble house of Cholmondeley, who became Bacon's 
son-in-law and successor, relinquishing his herit- 
age, and changing his name to Chamney. Al- 
though he changed his name during his life, and 
his descendants adopted the change, yet on his 
tomb in Carnew churchyard his real name and 
lineage are given. The Chamneys greatly in- 
creased the trade, having works not only at 
Shillelagh, where Bacon established the industry, 
but also in the Vale of Clara ; at Bally-na-Clash 
or ' Clash ' in Glenmalure ; at Woodenbridge 
and Aughrim, in the Vale of the Darragh Water, 
and elsewhere ; besides innumerable bloomeries ; 
his works popularly being said to have ' filled 
the county.' The Clash and Shillelagh iron was 
of very superior quality. Elsewhere in Ireland 5 
the iron trade gradually ceased, as the woods were 
exhausted, but here it seems to have come to a 
sudden and untimely end prior to 1761, on account 
of a fracas between Chamney and the English 
agent of the lord of the soil. Written informa- 
tion about the old ironworks is very hard to pro- 
cure, as nearly all the Chamney papers appear to 
have been destroyed when the family were dis- 
persed. Old people will tell you that ' the noise 
of the Chamney hammer was a weather guide.' 
Also they know that the iron and ore was carried; 
in baskets on horseback from Wicklow port, and 
from the different mines ; and the old horse- 
tracks from the mines and Wicklow to the fur- 
naces can still be shown." 

Nearly twenty years ago I entered 
into correspondence with the late Rev. 
Joseph Chamney, D.D., Rector of Dromiskin, 
Armagh, with reference to the Chamney 
family, and we were able to piece together 
the following fragmentary genealogy. 
| John Cholmondeley or Chamney of 
I Ballard, co. Wicklow, and Ballynellot, co. 
I Wexford, born 1650, married circa 1686 Jane, 

daughter of Bacon, ironmaster of 

Shillelagh, and had issue a son Thomas and 
two daughters : Elizabeth, b. 1688, married 
Percival Hunt of Lara, co. Kildare ; Anne, 

married Archer. He died 1733, and. 

was buried at Carnew. 



NOTES, AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 7, 1911. 



The son, Thomas Chamney, of Flatten, 
near Drogheda, co. Meath, married 24 Janu- 
ary, 1715, Margaret, d. of Francis Graves 
of Drogheda, and had issue : 

1. Graves Chamney, Alderman, of Flatten. 
Died s.p., October, 1794. 

2. John Chamney, married Van- 

homrigh (nearly related to Swift's 
"*' Vanessa "), a quo John Vanhomrigh 
Chamney, Captain 25th Foot. Will dated 
1796. 

(1) Elizabeth, bom 4 March, 1717; 
married, 1746, Edward Archer of Mount 
John, co. Wicklow. 

(2) Jane, born 1718, married William 
Aickin. 

(3) Esther, born 1719, married Henry 
Cusack. 

(4) Frances, born 1720, married Thomas 
Jones, patentee of the Theatre Royal, 
Dublin. 

(5) Catherine, born 1726, married Joseph 
Swan of Tombrean, co. Wicklow. 

(6) Susannah, born 1727, married John 
Blacker. 

Edward and Elizabeth Archer had with 
other issue a daughter Jane, who married in 
1781 Dr. John Haughton, a Dublin physician. 
Dr. Haughton' s second son was Sir Graves 
Chamney Haughton (1788-1849), Orientalist. 
In the ' D.N.B.' the latter 's second Christian 
name is erroneously given as Champney. 
But Champney, of course, has nothing to 
do with Chamney, being derived from the 
French " Champagnois," a native of Cham- 
pagne. 

The Rev. Joseph Chamney first drew my 
attention to the tradition that his family 
were a branch of the Cholmondeleys, and the 
romantic circumstances that had prompted 
the corruption of the surname. He, how- 
ever, had not been able to verify the state- 
ment as to John Chamney 's real name and 
lineage being inscribed on his tomb. It 
was only the other day that I myself was 
able to visit Carnew with this object in 
view. Unfortunately, I could not find this 
grave in the churchyard, nor was any official 
connected with the church forthcoming who 
might have assisted me. I have since dis- 
covered, however, that the Carnew inscrip- 
tions have been dealt with by the Associa- 
tion for the Preservation of the Memorials 
of the Dead in Ireland, and that the inscrip- 
tion I was in search of is given as follows : 

" Here lyeth the body of Jn Chamney, Esq., 
who departed this life the 11 th day of April, 1733, 
in the 81 th year of his age." Vol. vii. p. 205. 



Not a word about the alleged addition 
of his " real name and lineage," which would 
hardly have escaped the transcriber's notice 
if present. 

The church at Camew is about sixty 
years old, for it replaced an edifice con- 
demned as unsafe. The square tower, sur- 
mounted by a spire, of the former church 
is separated from the body of the present one. 
There is a Chamney memorial inside the 
church, viz., a mural tablet with the follow- 
ing inscription : 

" Sacred to the Memory | of Joseph Chamney, 
Esq., of Ballyrahin, late Captain of | the Coolat- 
tin Corps of Yeomany Infantry in the County of 
Wicklow. | On the 2 nd day of July, 179S, and the 
52 nd year of his age, He was killed | with his 
nephew a most amiable youth both fighting | the 
battles of their God and of their King | in defence 
of their religion and their country. | In testimony 
| of the high sense entertained of his many 
public and private virtues | which are indelibly 
graven on the hearts of his numerous and sorrow- 
ing friends | they have erected this monument I 
A.D. 1806." 

The nephew was Capt. Nickson of the 
Coolkenna Corps. The engagement was the 
last of three reverses, or " melancholy 
affairs," as the Protestant historians term 
them, which the King's troops suffered in this 
neighbourhood within a few days. It took 
place half-way between Tinnahely and 
Carnew. The Yeomanry after their repulse 
took refuge in Capt. Chamney 's house at the 
foot of the hill, where under Capt. Morton 
and Lieut. Chamney, a son of the deceased, 
they sustained during fourteen hours the 
attacks of the rebels, who attempted 
repeatedly to fire the house. Some (particu- 
larly a large man from Gorey, named John 
Redmond, nicknamed Shaun Plunder) 
advanced under a covering of feather-beds 
to the hall-door, with the design of applying 
a torch to it ; but they were shot down in 
the attempt, despite this thick tegument. 
This incident is illustrated by Cruikshank in 
Maxwell's ' History of the Rebellion.' 

The Ballyrahin Chamneys were probably 
descended from another son of John Cham- 
ney, not included in the above pedigree. In 
Vicars' s ' Prerogative Wills of Ireland ' there 
is "Joseph Chamney, The Forge, co. 
Wicklow, 1742." 

Colour is lent to the assertion that the 
original name of the family was Cholmonde- 
ley by the fact that they bore the same arms. ' 
Chamney silver Irish silver of the early 
part of the eighteenth century has passed 
through my hands, and it bears the Cholmon- 
deley coat of arms and crest, which are also 
attached to the memorial to Capt. Chamney. 



11 S. III. JAX. 7, 1911.] 



NOTES AND QUEKIKS. 



What was the date of the " Commission fo 
examination into the state of timber in 
Ireland," and where could the names o 
the Commissioners be seen ? 

H. G. ARCHER. 



ANGLO-AMERICAN MAIL SERVICE : ITS 
BICENTENARY. So many centenary anc 
bicentenary celebrations of various kinds 
take place in these days that it is somewha 1 
strange that none appears to be contem 
plated of one which would make a particu 
larly wide and human appeal, that being 
the bicentenary of the establishment of a 
regular Anglo-American mail service. Th( 
beginnings of such a service can be traced 
of course, to the seventeenth century ; but 
it was not until the closing months of the 
first decade of the eighteenth that these 
seem to have settled into the periodic. In 
The Daily Courant for 8 January, 1711, 
appeared the following : 

" Bristol, Jan. 6. This Day arri v'd here the Roya 
Anne Packet Boat, Captain Shorter, from New 
York, with a Mail of Letters from Her Majesty's 
Dominions on the Continent of America, which 
made her Passage from Bristol to New York in 
50 Days, and her Passage home in 28 Days. This is 
the first Mail in return from the Continent since 
the erecting the Correspondence to and from this 
Kingdom and the said Continent." 

The information here given was supple- 
mented by the subjoined advertisement, 
published in the same newspaper on the 
following 15 June, showing that this regular 
mail service had taken a firm hold upon the 
public : 

" For New York. 

"The Harley Packet-Boat from Bristol, Joseph 
Palmer, Commander, will be ready to Sail the last 
of this Instant June, (Wind and Weather per- 
mitting) with the Mail of Letters for the Continent 
of America, which will be taken in at the General 
Post-Office in London, or at any of the Post-Offices 
in Great-Britain, at any time between this and the 
last Day of this Instant June, 1711. And other 
lackets will be successively provided to depart 
monthly, with such Letters which shall be in the 
General Post-Office in London or Post-Office in 
Bristol, by the last Thursday in every Month. 
All Merchants and others, who have Occasion to 
send Goods or small Parcels, and are desirous to 
" us Passengers to New- York, New-England, 
Long-Island, Rhode-Island, East or West-Jersey, 
lensilvania, Maryland, Virginia or Carolina 
applying themselves to William Warren, or 
Jonathan Scarth Merchants, at the 3 Crowns in 
bracious- Street, London ; or to Richard Champion, 
Charles Hartford, Merchants, in Bristol, may 
be Accommodated on reasonable Terms. P. S 
JNote, That there are already Posts, and other 
Conveyances, from New- York to the several above- 
mentioned Places, And that the Reason why the 



late Packets have not duely kept their Cours, hath 
been occasioned by the Death of Sampson Mears ^ 
late Proprietor of the said Packets." 

More about this earliest Anglo-American 
periodic service is doubtless to be found, 
and would be w r elcome. 

ALFRED F. ROBBINS. 

SOUTH AFRICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. As so 
many readers of ' N. & Q.' are devoted to the 
study of bibliography, a note should be 
made of that valuable contribution, ' South 
African Bibliography,' by Mr. Sidney 
Mendelssohn, published by Messrs. Kegan 
Paul, Triibner & Co., the first volume of 
which contains an Introduction by Mr. I. D.. 
Colvin. Mr. Mendelssohn has devoted the 
best part of eleven years to the compilation 
of his two noble volumes, the last five yeara 
having been almost entirely given to the 
work. The Bibliography was at first con- 
fined to the author's library of works 
relating to South Africa, but has been, 
extended to other sources. His own collec- 
tion he has left by his will to the Union 
Parliament of South Africa. He states in 
the preface, "It is not presented now, as 
I have by no means finished collecting" ; 
and he is afraid that he could not work 
without his collection at hand. A. N. Q. 

SAMUEL RICHARDSON AND THE ENGLISH 
PHILOSOPHERS. Richardson's novels con- 
tain numerous and characteristic references 
to 'the English philosophers. It is worth 
while to collect them, as they have not been 
noticed by his biographers. 

Lovelace, who has the greatest philosophi- 
cal knowledge of any of Richardson's 
characters, refers once to the contents of 
Shaftesbury's ' Essay on the Freedom of 
Wit and Humour ' (' Characteristicks/ vol. i,. 
Treatise II.) : 

" I always called another cause, when any of 
ny libertine companions, in pursuance of Lord 
Shaftesbury's test (which is part of the rake's 
creed, and what I may call the whetstone of 
nfidelity ), endeavoured to turn the sacred subject 
nto ridicule." ' Clarissa', iii. 147, ed. 1902. 

Lovelace also mentions Shaftesbury's ' Letter 
concerning Enthusiasm,' which contains an 
account of the French prophets (' Character- 
sticks,' i. 26-8) : 

" \Yhat we have been told of the agitations and 
vorkings, and sighings and sobbings of the French 
>rophets among us formerly, was nothing at all 
o the scene exhibited by these maudlin souls, at 
he re.-iding of these letters." ' Clarissa,' vii. 301 ; 
Iso cp. Shaftesbury, edited by Hatch, i. 378-81. 

In ' Sir Charles Grandison, 1 iii. 75-6, 
s an allusion to the title of Shaftesbury's. 



6 



NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. m. JAN. 7, ion. 



' Moralists ' (' Characteristicks,' vol. ii. 
Treatise V.) : 

" I would have all these moralists, as they affect 
to call themselves, suffer by such libertine prin- 
ciples, as cannot be pursued, but in violation 
of the very first laws of morality." 

Lovelace refers once to B. de Mandeville's 
* The Fable of the Bees ; or, Private Vices, 
Public Benefits ' : 

" At worst, I am entirely within my worthy 
friend Mandeville's assertion, that private vices 
are public benefits." ' Clarissa,' vi. 3. 

Berkeley's dialogue * Alciphron ; or, The 
Minute Philosopher,' is mentioned in * Sir 
'Charles Grandison/ i. 281 : 

" He is thought to be a modern wit, you must 
know : and to speak after an admirable writer, 
a minute philosopher." 

Richardson's numerous references to Locke's 
* Some Thoughts concerning Education ' 
in the sequel to ' Pamela ' do not belong 
here. He does not seem to have read Locke's 
' Essay concerning Human Understanding,' 
as the word " idea," first made popular by 
Locke, does not occur in his novels. Richard- 
son, in opposition to Locke, considers that 
there are innate ideas : 

" Principles that are in my mind ; that I found 
there ; implanted, no doubt, by the first gracious 
Planter." ' Clarissa,' iv. 165. 

H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 

BELLS AND BELL-FOUNDERS, c. 1560 : 
JOHN GRANGER. I have just found on the 
Common Plea Roll for Michaelmas term, 
9-10 Eliz. (1567), the following notes on the 
above subject, which I think should find a 
place in * N. & Q.' 

In the first entry Andrew Blease and John 
Kent, husbandmen, brought an action 
against John Granger of London, bell- 
founder (otherwise called John Graunger of 
Ightfelde, co. Salop, bell-founder), Humphrey 
Cole of Ightfelde, " yoman," and Henry 
Hewes of London (otherwise Henry Hewes 
of Assheparva, co. Salop, . " yoman "), to 
recover a debt of III. This is a mere entry 
of adjournment, and no particulars are 
given ; but the second entry relates to a 
cross suit in which John Kent of Olner, co. 
Chester, was summoned to answer the above 
John Granger or Graunger. It recites the 
following bond, dated 20 April, 1 Eliz. 
<1559) : 

" The condition of this obligation is such 
that if the above-bounden Andrew Blese and 
John Kent or either of them, their executors, 
administrators, and assigns, or the executors, 
administrators, or assigns of either of them, wel 
.and truly content and pay or cause to be contented 
And paide the somme of fy ve poundes syx shillinges 



,nd viijd of lawfull money of Englande unto the 

ibove- named John Granger, his executors, 
administrators, or assignes, in maner and forme 

lereafter following, That is to say at the castyng 
of such a bell as the foresaide Andrewe and John 

Kent shall deliver unto the said John Granger 
53s. 4d., and within one twelvemonth and one 
clay next after the castyng of the said bell other 
53s. 4d., in full paiment of the foresaid some of 
5 6.s. 8d. then this obligation to be void and of 
none effect ; and if default of payment be made 
of and in either of the foresaid payments at either 
of the dayes above limited, in part or in all, 
contrary to the true intent and meanyng hereof, 

Then this obligation to stande in full strength 
and vertue." 

I have looked up several authorities on 

Dells and bell-founding, but not one of them 
mentions John Granger or Graunger as a 

'ounder. It seems possible that the bell 
alluded to was cast for a church at Olner 

in Cheshire, and that Andrew Blease and 
John Kent were churchwardens. 

HENRY R. PLOMER. 
8, The Broadway, Hammersmith, W. 

LEGAL MACARONICS. This term was very 
happily applied at 7 S. i. 346 to that 
urious and composite jargon called law 
French ; ' and an instance from Dyer's 
Reports was given, in which a convicted 
ruffian " ject un brickbat a le Justice, que 
narrowly mist." The reporter is not dis- 
turbed by the occurrence of a word which 
he cannot translate. He simply puts it in 
bodily. 

A few instances may be added from Sir 
John Davis' s Reports, temp. Jac. I., but 
printed 1674 the first Irish Reports ever 
published. In Le Case de Customes : 

' Que est graund honte a nostre Nation, 
destre issint enamour ove les Mercery & Grocery 
wares imports per strangers, & d expender sur 
eux plus que le value de touts les Staple & reall 
commodities de nostre Pais : que serra en fine 
le ruine del Commonweal." 

In Le Case de Tanistry : 

" Chescun Custome ad un commencement, 
coment que le memorie del home ne extend a 
ceo ; come le River Nilus ad un fountaine, 
coment que les Geographers nepoent trover ceo." 

In the same case, a certain ordinance 
" accord ove le Divine Ordinance en le case 
de Zelophehad, Num. Cap. 27." 

In Le Case del Roy all Piscarie de la 
Banne : 

" Auxy le Hoy auera les grands poissona del Mer, 

Balenas & Sturgiones et le Koy auera wilde 

Swans, come volatilia regalia." 

The reports of " Gulielme Bendloes, Ser- 
jeant de la Ley," 1661, furnish some. 
macaronic writing also. In 19 Jac. I. 
an action was brought for the invasion of a 



ii s. in. JAN. v, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



pew in which plaintiffs and their ancestors 
" ont seie et kneel e pur oyer divine service 
in le Eglise de D. en un He en le upper End 
del Eglise." Two years later Mrs. Fetti- 
place sues the parson of Pusey " pour de 
bruser son close et de fouler ses herbes ove ses 
avers (viz.) beufes, vacces, galines, Ducks, 
Aucks, et Cock de Indies ; " and the Court 
sagaciously quashes the judgment against 
him on the ground that turkeys are not 
averia, but volatilia. 

In Cossett's Case, 2 Car. I., 
** fuit prove que diverse fuerunt present in le 
'Tauerne quant I'homme fuit tue per un plage BUT 
Je teste ove un quart pott, & drinking ensemble, 
mes ne fuit prove quex d'eux done le plage." 

In the same year it is said that the Statute 
of Westminster 

" n'est qu un Nurse [when] le child est nee, et 
1'statute come careful mother prist ceo en ses 
braches a preserver ceo." 

And again : 

" Dodderidge dit que les parolls d'un Judgment 
doit estre certen et nemy destre vary ou frame 
solonque le pleasure et fond conceit de chescun 
home." 

I have extended the abbreviations. There 
is a mine of comedy in the old Reports. 

RICHARD H. THORNTON. 



WE must request correspondents desiring in- 
formation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their name's and addresses to their queries, 
in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 

" TERSE " CLARET. In Sir C. Sedley's 
* Bellamira,' Act II. sc. i. (of 1687), Merry- 
man says, " I am so full I should spill terse 
at every jolt ; we drank gallons apiece " ; 
and a little further on, " He grudg'd her 
money for honest terse, and so he's right 
enough serv'd." Here it appears that 
terse was the name, proper or in slang, of 
some beverage. Shadwell, ' The Humourists,' 
Act IV. (of 1671), has " Must I stay till by 
the strength of terse claret you have wet 
yourself into courage ? " Here the epithet 
terse is applied to claret ; whence we may 
perhaps conclude that the terse in Sedley 
stands for " terse claret." But why is 
claret described as, or called, " terse," and 
what is the origin of the term ? Claret no 
doubt was imported in " terses " or " tierces," 
but so also, I suppose, were other wines. I 
do not find that Halliwell or Nares has dealt 
with " terse " in this sense, and shall be 
glad if readers of ' N. & Q.' can give us any 
light on it. JAMES A. H. MURRAY. ' 

Oxford. 



THE BLACK PRINCE'S LANGUAGE. It is 
stated in Mr. Edmund Storer's ' Peter the 
Cruel,' p. 308, that after the battle of 
Najara the Black Prince asked where Henry 
de Trastamara was : " 'E lo bort, es mort 
o' pres ? ' (' And the bastard, is he dead or 
taken ? ') he asked ; and when they told 
him of his escape, he answered prophetically, 
with the intuition of a true general : ' Noy 
ay res fait' ('Then nothing is done')." 
In what language or dialect was the Prince 
speaking Provenyal, Gascon, Languedocian, 
Bearnais, or what ? Was it his usual lan- 
guage in France and Spain ? 

ALBAN DORAN. 

" DIE IN BEAUTY." I have been reading 
lately the phrase "in Schonheit sterben " 
so often that it seems to me trite, but only 
now it occurs to me that I do not know its 
origin. Are readers of ' N. & Q.' in a better 
position with regard to it ? G. KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

ROGER GREATOREX, PAPER MANUFAC- 
TURER. I should be grateful for any infor- 
mation regarding the family of Roger 
Greatorex, paper manufacturer. Between 
1784 and 1795 he was living at Apsley Mill, 
in the parish of King's Langley, Herts. A 
later address may have been Two Waters 
Mill, Hemel Hempstead, same county. 

In 1800 he apparently had to move to 
Lancaster, and wrote of getting sailing 
accommodation for America ; but whether 
he went or not, I do not know. His son 
Lawrence was a passenger on the American 
ship Washington, sailing from Lisbon in 
November, 1799. This Lawrence settled in 
America, and, I believe, owned and operated 
the first paper mills in that country, on the 
Brandywine, near Wilmington, Delaware. 

I want also the names of the wives of 
Roger Greatorex and his son Lawrence. 

E. HAVILAND HILLMAN. 
3227, Campo S. Samuele, Venice. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FOLK-LORE. In the 
first report of the Council of the Folk-lore 
Society, dated 29 May, 1879, it is stated : 

" In April of last year it will be remembered that 
the Council prepared and issued forms for the com- 
pilation of a Bibliography of English Folk-lore. 
But almost immediately a member came forward 
and offered the use of his valuable collection, made 
for a Bibliography of superstitions and religious 
belief, which was the result of many years' work, 
involving, among other labours, complete perusal 
of the British Museum catalogues. Although this 
collection was only in part available for the Society's 
purpose, and did not cover all the ground which the 
Bibliography of Folk-lore will occupy, the Council 
very thankfully accepted this offer, and they are 



8 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 7, 1911. 



able to announce as approaching completion ' The 
Bibliography of Folk-lore. Compiled and edited 
by Thomas Satchell.' " 

More than thirty years have passed since 
this announcement was made. When will 
the project be realized ? W. B. GERISH. 

THREAD-PAPERS. What, in early eigh- 
teenth-century journalistic language, were 
" thread-papers " ? As The Weekly Journal 
is a very scarce news-sheet, I may quote 
part of the letter in which the use of the 
term twice occurs. It is from Mist's 
Weekly Journal, 28 July, 1722 : 
M r Mist, June 10, 1722. 

The following Letter and Song were lost by a 
young Lady : It will please her to have 'em again by 
your Hand, and save the Looser and Finder a great 
deal of Confusion. You may assure her all's safe, 
if she can but stand some reading of your Journal ; 
but then she must look as grave as her Father does, 
when he spread your Excellencies before the Family. 

I am, Yours HONOUR. 

Don't mistake me for the Chamber-Maid by my 
Name. 

Madam, May 1, 1722. 

You tell me it is your Opinion, that no man was 
ever heartily in Love, without being seiz'd, at one 
time or other, with a Fit of Poetry, &c. 

This letter, too long to give in extenso, 
is accompanied by a ' Song ' beginning 

Haste, Shepherds, haste and come away, 
This joyful Sun gave Cloe birth, 

which is thus alluded to in the letter to the 
lady : 

"If my Labours are honour'd with a Station 
among your Thread-Papers, I shall take it as a 
happy Omen : More Labours, more Thread-Papers. 
If not, e'en let them share the same Fate with the 
Author, that is, be set on Fire by you " 

The writer signs himself " Poor Strephon." 

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL. 
PlTT AND WlLKES ON DlSFRANCHISEMENT. 

May I venture to repeat a question which 
I put, without eliciting a reply, just 
eighteen years since (8 S. ii. 468) ? 
Where is to be found a list of the thirty- 
six decayed boroughs which the younger 
Pitt proposed, in 1785, to disfranchise, 
and of the ten corporations which he desired 
should transfer the right of return to the 
citizens ? And is there extant a list of the 
boroughs which Wilkes would have dis- 
franchised by his proposal of 1776 ? 

POLITICIAN. 

GABRIEL GRANT, PREBENDARY AND ARCH- 
DEACON OF WESTMINSTER. Whom and 
when did he marry ? He is said to have 
married twice. He died in 1638. 

G. F. R. B. 



MILITIA CLAIMS, 1716. The following 
account is copied from an old book belonging 
to the parish of Yelvertoft, Northampton- 
shire : 

"The particulars of the charges of the Militia 
Horse provided by the Rectors of Creke, Cotesbroke. 
Yelvertoft, and Coton, 1716. 

The whole set of Accoutrem ts , Coat, Carbine, 
Pistols, Saddle, Bridle, Billet and Housing. 
Sword, &c. 06 Oo 03 

Man and Horse and Charges at 

North'ton 00 Oo 00 

June the 4 th Man and Horse one day 00 10 
Boots and Powder Horn 
A new Hat 
Mending the Pistols 

In all 08 03 07 

Mem. This was paid in ye proportion following, 
viz. 

Rector of Creek a 3 rd part. 
Rector of Cotesbroke a 4 th part. 
Rector of Coton & \ 9 ,-tha 
Rector of Yelvertoft /-' 

To what particular assembly of the 
militia does this refer ? Is it to be assumed 
that rectors of parishes generally were 
charged with a special levy for militia ? 

JOHN T. PAGE. 

Long Itchirigton, Warwickshire. 

ANNE BOLEYN OR BULLEYN : BULLEY 
FAMILY. Can any of your readers tell me 
the correct way of spelling the name of the 
second wife of Henry VIII. ? In the Life of 
Archbishop Tait I see that he twice refers 
to her, spelling the name Bulleyn. This 
is the only instance I have seen of the 
name being thus spelt. 

In Queen Elizabeth's reign there was a 
well-known doctor named Bulley, who was 
said to be distantly related to the Queen. In 
that case the n must have been dropped about 
the middle of the sixteenth century, 
question is of interest to me, as my cousin 
Dr. Bulley, President of Magdalen College, 
Oxford, from 1856 to 1890, considered that 
his family were descended from a collateral 
branch of the Boleyn or Bulleyn family. 
Will any one kindly tell me when the change 
in the spelling took place, if the name was 
ever correctly spelt Bulleyn ? H. A. B. 

[The spelling of the Queen's name was discussed 
at 8 S. i. 435 ; ii. 13.] 

LACY AS A PLACE-NAME. In some parts 
of Surrey and I believe in other counties 
" Lacy " occurs as part of the name of an 
estate or village. I know of Polesden Lacy 
(where Sheridan lived), Camilla Lacy (the 
residence of Fanny Burney), Wilton Lacy, 
and others. ,, 

What is the origin of the suffix Lacy 
FRANK SCHLOESSER. 



ii s. in. JAX. 7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



9 



JOHN HUDSON (LATE BURKITT & HUDSON). 
I should much like to know when John 
Hudson, printseller and publisher, 85, Cheap- 
side, was carrying on his business. I have 
found his label among the pasted paper on 
the back of the frame of a portrait of a 
general (?) officer. I should guess 1820 as 
about the date of the portrait, which Hud- 
son's date of business may help me to 
identify. ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

SA, Bickenhall Mansions, W. 

* PILGRIM'S PROGRESS ' IMITATED. Who 
was the author of ' The Progress of the 
Pilgrim Good-Intent, in Jacobinical Times ' ? 
The seventh edition was printed in 1801 by 
J. Bateson. for John Hatchard of Piccadilly. 
Though a little heavy, the parable is carried 
on with ingenuity. There are allusions to 
the elder Darwin, Fulton, and Godwin on 
p. 30 ; to the guillotine, p. 123 ; and to 
cosmopolitanism, pp. 159-60. The paper is 
water-marked " M. & E." 

RICHARD H. THORNTON. 
35, Upper Bedford Place, W.C. 

OUNDLE. What is the origin of this place- 
name ? ROBERT NEALE. 

" ENNOMIC." What does this word, which 
is not in the ' N.E.D.,' mean ? It occurs on 
p. 147 of George Meredith's ' Tragic Come- 
dians,' " Memorial Edition " : 

" I would not have it on my conscience that the 
commission of any deed ennomic, however un- 
wonted," &c. 

J. J. FREEMAN. 

" CAEQEHOUIAS." In ' An Eighteenth 
Century Correspondence,' p. 60, Deane 
Swift, writing to Sanderson Miller, says : 

" Neither is any fault so detestable as the fre- 
quency of Caeqehouias. Ands, Buts, Fors, Indeeds, 
&c., have cost me more pains," &c. 

What are the meaning and derivation of 
this word ? J. J. FREEMAN. 

" CARENT " : " PATRICKSMAS " : " LUKES- 
MAS." Can any reader give me the meaning 
of the old Scottish word " carent " ? It 
occurs several times in a diary of a Dum- 
bartonshire minister of the year 1705, and 
appears to refer to some ecclesiastical 
assessment or interest, as " carent due to 
the Mortification " ; "he came in to speak 
about his carent, but brought no money " ; 
" to give our obligement to transact his 
debts to the value of the price [of some 
land] against Whitsunday, bearing carent 
from Martinmas last." The word is not to 
be found in Jamieson's ' Dictionary.' 



The terms " Patricksmas " and " Lukes- 
mas," presumably 17 March and 18 October, 
are also used in the diary. Were those 
recognized term-days in Scotland at that 
period ? I can find no mention of them else- 
where. ANGLO-SCOT. 

[The 'N.E.D.' states that "Lukesmas" is now 
obsolete in Scotland, but was formerly a customary 
date (18 October) for payment of accounts. The 
latest example cited is from 1671, so that our corre- 
spondent brings the use of the word down to the 
next century.] 

" INSTANT " OR " CURRENT." In ' N. & Q.* 
for 26 November last (p. 440) it is said that 
the late F. H. Collins died " on the 16th 
inst." Are we to understand that this use 
of the word " instant " is sanctioned by 
' N. & Q.,' as I regret to see it is by some 
dictionaries ? To our fathers it would 
have sounded much like saying that a man 
had died to-morrow. T. S. O. 

[The use in question is, we think, generally recog- 
nized.] 

REV. J. SAMWELL : REV. J. PEACOCK. 
I am anxious to find out what particulars 
I can respecting the Rev. John Samwell 
and the Rev. John Peacock, who were suc- 
cessive ministers of Broadway Meeting, co. 
Somerset. All I know of Mr. Samwell is 
that he was in office in July, 1763, and that 
a small annuity was bequeathed to him 
and his successors in that year. I am told 
that he relinquished his ministry to study 
medicine, but that after a time he resumed 
his old position. Whether this was so or 
no, the first instalment under the legacy 
was apparently paid on 10 March, 1765, to 
Mr. Peacock, who seems to have been his 
successor. 

Mr. Peacock preached a sermon which was 
published, and witnessed a wedding in 
Broadway Church in 1768. He was still in 
office in 1775, but vacated that position 
shortly after, as he was succeeded by the 
Rev. John Lewis in 1777. In 1766 he pub- 
lished a book entitled ' Hymns and Spiritual 
Songs,' designed to supersede Dr. Watts' s 
compositions. 

If any one can throw light on the history 
of either Mr. Samwell or Mr. Peacock, I 
shall be very grateful. 

JOHN W. STANDERWICK. 

Broadway, Ilmirister. 

ROEITES OF CALVERTON. Several of the 
Nottingham local histories comprise frag- 
mentary notices of a sect founded about 
1780 at Calverton, Notts (the birthplace of 
the stocking-frame), by one John Roe, an 
illiterate inhabitant of that village. The 



10 



NOTES AND QUERIES. tu s. m. JAN. 7, mi. 



members were called Roeites, otherwise Re- 
formed Quakers (although not recognized 
by the Quakers proper), and the sect never 
extended beyond Calverton itself, where 
their one chapel and burial-ground long 
ago disused are yet pointed out. William 
Howitt, in one of his rural books, describes 
what he saw at a service in the chapel. I 
should be glad to learn if there exists any 
work of reference likely to supply a definite 
account of the Roeites and of their tenets. 

A. STAPLETON. 

ANDREW ARTER' s MEMOBIAL, HAMMER- 
SMITH. Can any one throw light upon the 
unpretentious stone pillar which stands in 
the roadway near the corner of Beavor Lane, 
Hammersmith, almost opposite Ravens- 
court Park ? 

The pillar in question, which is about a 
yard in height, and stands about a foot from 
the curb an excellent position, one cannot 
help thinking, for taking a wheel off a cart 
on a foggy evening bears on the side 
nearest the high road the following in- 
scription : 

Andrew Arter 

October 

1877. 

There are traces of wording on at least one 
other side, but they are very faint. Who 
was Mr. Arter ? WILLIAM MCMURRAY. 

CHURCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TURRET. 
I should be glad if I could be assisted to 
locate the subject of a water-colour drawing, 
probably 1820 or earlier, depicting the 
exterior of the south side and east end of a 
small stone church consisting of nave and 
chancel. The nave shows a doorway and 
two windows, the latter placed noticeably 
high in the wall ; the chancel, a large and a 
small doorway at the side, and a three- 
light, square-headed east window of the 
debased period. All the doors and windows 
have heavy hood-mouldings. The west end 
of the nave carries a square' wooden bell- 
turret. The site is on high ground, with 
village roofs lower on the" left, and woods 
beyond. Under the east window are plain 
iron rails round a tomb. W. B. H. 

COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS 
WAY." Will any contributor tell me the 
correct reading of Cowper's words in his 
famous hymn " God moves in a mysterious 
way " ? The whole verse runs : 
His purposes will ripen fast, 

Unfolding every hour. 
The bud may have a bitter taste, 
But sweet will be the flower. 



I remember seeing in ' N. & Q.' another 
version of the last couplet, reading 
The bud may have a bitter taste, 
But wait and smell the flower. 

Which is the original form ? 

WATSON SURR 



EXHIBITION OF 1851 : ITS MOTTO. 
(US. ii. 410, 452, 493.) 

THE motto " The earth is the Lord's," &c., 
must, as MR. WARD states, be regarded 
as the motto of the Great Exhibition. It 
was well known to be a favourite with the 
Prince Consort, and in addition to its appear- 
ing on the cover and title-page of the Official 
Catalogue, it is placed on the title-pages of 
the volumes of the Official Descriptive and 
Illustrated Catalogue. These I possess, in 
addition to my father's copy of the corrected 
edition of the Official Catalogue. The 
latter bears the imprint of Spicer Brothers, 
wholesale stationers, and of W. Clowes 
& Sons, printers, Contractors to the Royal 
Commission. Its price was Is. in the build- 
ing, and Is. 3d. if bought at the City office or 
of booksellers. 

At the foot of the cover are these words : 
Say not the discoveries we make are our own. 
The germs of every act are implanted within us, 
And God our instructor, out of that which is 

concealed, 
Developes the faculties of invention. 

This also appears in Latin on the back of 
the title : 

Ne nostra, ista quse invenimus, dixeris 
Insita sunt nobis omnium artium semina, 
Magisterque ex occulto Deus producit ingeiiia. 

Underneath, the translation is given as on 
the front cover (except that the third line 
reads "And God our instructor, from his 
concealment''), and below this is the fol- 
lowing : 

Humani Generis Progressus, 

Ex cpmmuni omnium labore ortus, 

Uniuscujusque industrial debet esse finis : 

Hoc Adjuvando, 
Dei opt. max. voluntatem exsequimur. 

The progress of the human race, 
Resulting from the common labour of all men, 
Ought to be the final object of the exertion of each 

individual. 

In promoting this end, 

We are carrying out the will of the great and 
blessed God. 

A short introduction states that the mottoes 
were selected by Prince Albert. 

This corrected edition contains a report 
of the opening proceedings, the address read 



ii s. in. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



11 



by Prince Albert, the Queen's reply, and 
the prayer by the Archbishop of Canterbury. 

My father has written on the cover : 
" Second edition, 34 pages of advertisements, 
no duty." The back page is occupied by 
Bennett the watchmaker, who paid 1,000 
guineas for the privilege, which was the 
largest sum at that time ever given for a 
single advertisement. The Religious Tract 
Society have the third page of the cover ; 
and among others who have pages are John 
Murray ; Colman of mustard fame ; C. Cox, 
King William Street, Strand (devoted to 
works originally published by Charles 
Knight) ; and Charles Knight, 90, Fleet 
Street, his Cyclopaedias and other books. 

On p. 32 of Part I. of the Official Illus- 
trated Catalogue it is stated that the Com- 
mittee appointed 

" to suggest inscriptions for the Prize Medals 
recommended for the medal to be executed after 
design No. 1 the following line, very slightly 
altered, from Manilius (' Astronomicon,' v. 737) : 
Est etiam in magno qusedam respublica mundo. 
For the medal from design No. 2, the following 
line from the first book of the ' Metamorphoses ' 
of Ovid (v. 25) : 

Dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit. 
For the medal design No. 3, the following line 
from Claudian (' Eidyll.,' vii. 20) 

Artificis tacitae quod meruere manus." 
Messrs. Spicer Brothers were the exhibitors 
of a large roll of paper 46 inches wide and 
2,500 yards in length. This was the first 
time that the public were informed that it 
was possible to make paper of any length. 
JOHN COLLINS FBANCIS. 

I do not think NEL MEZZO is quite correct 
as to the motto of the Exhibition. The 
motto on the title-page of the Official Cata- 
logue is " The earth is the Lord's and all that 
therein is, the compass of the world and 
they that dwell therein." The quotation 
he gives as the motto is the inscription on one 
of the medals, and the fault that he finds 
with its Latin is not apparent in the intro- 
duction to the Catalogue, where the offending 
word "concordia" is correctly given 

concordi." The quality of the Com- 
mittee appointed to suggest inscriptions for 
the prize medals was too high to make such 
a blunder possible. The members were : 

The Hon. W. E. Gladstone, 

The Lord Lyttelton, 

The Hon. T. B. Macaulay, 

The Rev. H. G. Liddell, Head Master of 
Westminster School. 

J. T. STEELE, 
Secretary, Spicer Bros., Ltd. 



BARLOW TRECOTHICK:, LORD MAYOR (11 S. 
ii. 209, 298, 335). A portrait of Barlow 
Trecothick, if found, would be of interest to 
Bostonians, for some of his relatives were 
born here ; others lived here ; he himself 
was married here on 2 March, 1747, to 
Grizel Apthorp, a daughter of Charles 
Apthorp of Boston ; he was a friend to the 
American cause before the outbreak of the 
Revolution ; and from 1765 to 1772 he was 
the agent in London for New Hampshire. 
He died not 2 June (as sometimes stated), 
but 28 May, 1775 (London Chronicle, 27-30 
May, 1775, xxxvii. 511). 

His father was Capt. Mark Trecothick, a 
mariner, who presumably died late in 1734 
or early in 1735, as letters of administration 
were granted to his widow Hannah on 
22 March, 1735. The estate was inventoried 
at 34Z. 2s. Barlow Trecothick' s brother 
Mark, also a mariner, was married here to 
Sarah Davis on 2 April, 1740. In his will, 
dated 2 August, 1745, Mark appointed the 
above-mentioned Charles Apthorp his exe- 
cutor, and mentioned " my Hon d Mother 
M rs Hannah Trecothick of Boston Widow," 
" my Sister Hannah Trecothick," and " my 
Brother Edward." Charles Apthorp ren- 
dered his account 7 April, 1747. The widow, 
Sarah Trecothick, does not mention any 
Trecothick in her will, dated 28 January, 
and proved 14 February, 1750 ; but in an 
account rendered 8 October, 1763, by her 
executor (her brother Amos Davis) there 
is the item, " To Barlow Trecothick, 
1,271Z. 2s. lid." 

Barlow Trecothick's sister Hannah was 
born here 2 December, 1724 ; and here 
married James Ivers on 23 September, 1753. 
Their son James Ivers was born here 7 July, 
1754 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1773 ; 
took the name of Trecothick on the death 
of his uncle Barlow Trecothick ; and died in 
1843. 

A portrait of Barlow Trecothick's first 
wife, by Robert Feke, presumably taken 
before her marriage, still exists (or did exist 
in 1878) in Boston. She died at Addington, 
Surrey, 31 July, 1769, leaving no children. 
On 9 June, 1770, Barlow Trecothick married 
Ann Meredith. A portrait of her by Rey- 
nolds is reproduced in Graves and Cronin's 
' History of the Works of Sir J. Reynolds.' 
In the same work (iii. 987) Mr. C. W. Franks 
says : 

" I was wrong in saying that Alderman 
Trecothick had no children. He had a son, 
and that son an only child, a daughter, who 
married Capt. Strachey, lately of Bownham, 
co. Gloucester." 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. ra. JAN. 7, 1911. 



This statement is inaccurate, the facts 
appearing to be as follows. This " son " 
was not the son of Barlow Trecothick, who 
left no children, but of James Trecothick 
(born Ivers). Under date of 21 February, 
1777, this notice was printed in The London 
Chronicle of 20-22 February, xl. 179 : 

" Yesterday was married at .Spring-garden 
Chapel, James Trecothick, of Addington-place, in 
Surry, Esq., to Miss [Susanna] Edmonstone, eldest 
daughter of Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bt." 

James and Susanna (Edmonstone) Tre- 
cothick had six children. The Gentleman's 
Magazine for November,': 1814, p. 496, 
records the following marriage : 

" Oct. 14. Barlow, eldest son of J. Trecothick, 
esq., to Eliza, second daughter of Rev. Dr. [John] 
Strachey, archdeacon of Suffolk." 

In the 1881 edition (p. 442) of Burke's 
' Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage ' it 
is stated that this Barlow Trecothick " has 
one daughter, Eliza Margaret, wife of 
Leonard M. Strachey, Esq." 

ALBERT MATTHEWS. 

Boston, U.S. 

TURCOPOLIER : KNIGHTS HOSPITALLERS 
(US. ii. 247, 336, 371). It is perhaps worth 
noting what were the langues, &c., in 1798, 
when Bonaparte took possession of Malta. 
I quote from ' An Accurate Historical 
Account of all the Orders of Knighthood/ 
p. 9 et seq. : 

" The Order was classed at that Period into 
eight Languages, or Nations, viz. 1. Provence ; 
2. Auvergne ; 3. France ; 4. Italy ; 5. Arragon ; 
6. Germany ; 7. Castile ; and 8. Anglo-Bavaria ; 
which last was added thereto, by the late Elector 
Palatin Charles Theodore de Sultzbach. That 
Prince conferred upon the Order all the Estates of 
the suppressed Society of the Jesuits, situated in 
Bavaria ; and which, at the time of their suppres- 
sion, had been united to the Electoral domains. 
Charles Augustus, Prince of Bretzenheim, was the 
first Grand-Prior of this Nation, or Language. 
He Was invested therewith in 1780 ; and resigned 
that dignity in 1799, immediatelv upon the 
death of the Elector. 

" The Grand -Master, as well as 'the Cardinals, 
enjoys the Title of Eminence ; and the Grand- 
Officers of the Order, are as follows : 

1. The Grand-Commander, is the oldest Mem- 
ber of the Language of Provence. 

2. The Marshal, of that of Auvergne. 

3. The Hospitaler, of that of France. 

4. The Grand-Admiral, of that of Italy. 

5. The Grand -Conservator of that of Arragon. 
. The Grand-Bailiff, of that of Germany. 

7. The Grand-Chancellor, of that of Castile. 

8. And the Turcopolier, or Captain-General of 
the Cavalry, of that of Anglo-Bavaria. 

A foot-note adds : 

" Turcopolier, is a Term appertaining to the 
Order of Malta, which, previous to the Reforma- 
tion, was the Title of the Chief of the Language 



of England. Turcopole signified anciently in the 
Levant, a Light-Horseman, or a kind of Dragoon. 
The Turcopolier had, in this Quality, the Com- 
mand of the Cavalry, and of the English Marine. 
Guards of the Order. The military Orders gave 
this Name to those light-armed Cavaliers, who 
were the Esquires, or Serving-Brothers, of the 
Knights-Hospitalers of Saint John, or Knights of 
Malta, of the Templars, and the Teutonic 
Knights. Note of the Editor." 

The book from which I quote has neither 
name of author nor date. At the beginning 
is ' A Dissertation upon the existing State 
of Knighthood in Europe ; addressed to the 
Right Honourable Horatio Viscount Nelson,* 
which proves that it was written or pub- 
lished some time between 22 May, 1801, 
and 21 October, 1805. Though published in 
London by J. White, Fleet Street, it was 
printed by J. C. Briiggemann, Herrlichkeit, 
Hamburgh. The above-quoted foot-note 
appears merely as an editorial note, but 
many of the foot-notes come from Hugh 
Clark's ' Concise History of Knighthood/ 
1784. On pp. 15, 16, we read : 

" The last Grand-Master, duly elected, was 
Ferdinand Baron de Hompesch. 

" On the 24th of Nov. 1798 Paul the first, 
Emperor of Russia, assumed the dignity of Grand- 
Master of this Order. In 1799 His Imperial 
Majesty conferred the Ensigns thereof, upon the 
Honourable Emma Lady Hamilton, wife of the 
right Honourable Sir William Hamilton, Knight 
of the Bath, late His Britannic Majesty's Envoy- 
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
the Court of Naples : and upon Sir Home Popham, 
a Captain of the British Navy, who received the 
permission of His Sovereign to assume and wear 
the same .... 

" Sir Richard James Lawrence, is likewise a 
Knight of this Order." 

The author refers (p. 17) particularly to 
Clark's ' Concise History,' to the ' History 
of the Knights of Malta ' by the Abbe de 
Vertot, and to Brydone's ' Toui,' presum- 
ably Patrick Brydone's ' Travels through 
Sicily and Malta,' London, 1774. 

I mentioned at 11 S. ii. 371 that the word 
Toiy>KO7rovAos appears as a Cypriote word 
meaning a field-watchman. Perhaps the 
word is a survival from the time (1291 
1309) when the Knights of St. John were 
settled at Limisso, otherwise Limasol, in 
Cyprus. ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

CORN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST 
MILLER (11 S. ii. 508). The miller, whose 
business it is to transmute raw material 
into food stuff, has much in his power, and 
may, conceivably, abuse his trust. From 
of old his case has been proverbial, for the 
practice of individuals has been sufficient 
to establish a class reference. The standard 
literary allusion on the subject is contained 



us. m. JAN. .7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



13. 



in two lines of the delineation Chaucer gives 
of his Miller in ' The Prologue,' 11. 562-3 : 

Wei coude he stelen corn, and tollen thryes ; 

And yet he hadde a thonibe of gold, pardee. 

See the illuminating and satisfactory note 
on the passage in the Clarendon Press edition 
of ' The Prologue,' &c., by Dr. Morris and 
Prof. Skeat. 

The miller, with his privilege of "multure " 
and so forth, is a robust figure in Scottish 
song, his various advantages and idiosyn- 
crasies having manifestly made a strong 
appeal to those shrewd and candid observers 
whose literary gift is now the only evidence 
of their existence. One of the brightest of 
their lyrics, illustrating the miller's steady 
good fortune, opens thus : 
Merry may the maid lie 

That marries the miller, 
For foul day and fair day 

He 's ay bringing till her ; 
Has ay a penny in his purse 

For dinner and for supper ; 
And gin she please, a good fat cheese, 
And lumps of yellow butter. 

THOMAS BAYNE. 

Let MR. GERISH consult Chaucer. In the 
old time every tenant was bound to grind 
at the manor -mill, and the miller was paid 
by a toll of the grain, which toll he took 
and measured himself. 

In the days of itinerant butchers they also 
were suspected. Fifty years ago I can 
remember street-boys shouting after the 
butcher's man : 

Butcher, butcher, killed a calf, 
Ran away with the best half. 
This was in the East Riding of Yorkshire. 
I have recently written about * Itinerant 
Tailors' (US. ii. 505). I might have added 
itinerant butchers and pig-killers. 

W. C. B. 

Those interested in the subject of the toll 
levied by millers will find several references 
to the system as it existed in Scotland in 
' The Monastery ' (chap. xiii. and notes). 

Apropos of MB. GERISH' s reference to the 
case of the honest miller of Great Gaddesden, 
I remember reading in Milling some years 
ago a paragraph about an epitaph which was 
said to mark the last resting-place of an 
American miller. It ran : 

God works wonders now and then : 
Here lies a miller an honest man. 
The epitaph may possibly be apocryphal, 
but it serves to show that our forefathers' 
opinion of millers was by no means a flatter- 
ing one. LEONARD J. HODSON. 

Robertsbridge, Sussex. 



Sussex lays claim to an " honest miller " 
who resided at Chalvington ; but tradition 
says that he throve so ill that he hanged 
himself to his own mill-post. For further 
particulars see Sussex Archaeological Journal 
(vol. iii.)> and The Antiquary for June, 1909, 
in which the subject of honest millers is 
dealt with in an article on ' Sussex Wind- 
mills.' P. D. M. 
[ScoTUS and A. T. W. also thanked for replies.] 

EMINENT LIBRARIANS (US. ii. 489, 538). 
For G. H. Pertz, " Oberbibliothekar " 
of the Royal Library, Berlin, see an article in 
' Meyer's Konversationslexikon.' There is 
an account of his son Georg Pertz, who trans- 
lated Burns into German, in Briimmer's 
' Lexikon der deutschen Dichter des 1& 
Jahrhunderts.' G. H. Pertz's most im- 
portant service to Germanic philology is his 
finding the manuscript of the Old High 
German ' Strassburger Blutsegen,' pub- 
lished by Jakob Grimm. An account of this 
monument is given in Paul's ' Grundiiss der 
germanischen Philologie,' Band II., p. 66. 

H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 

If MR. F. C. WHITE will revise his dates 
from information supplied by the ' D.N.B.,' 
he will find that the Rev. Henry John Todd 
was born in 1763 (not 1765), Dr. David Laing 
in 1793 (not 1790), and Sir Anthony Panizzi 
in 1797 (not 1799). W. SCOTT. 

GREAT SNOW IN 1614 (11 S. ii. 508).- 
Stow refers to the severity of the winter 
of 1613-14 in his annals thus : 

" The 17th of January began a great Frost, 
with extreame Snow \vhich continued untill 
the 14th of February, and albeit the Violence of 
the Frost and Snow some dayes abated, yet it 
continued freezing and snowing much or little 
untill the 7th of March." 

Some account of this severe frost is to be 
found in a contemporary chapbook, the 
title-page of which runs as follows : 

The Cold Yeare, 1614. 

A Deepe Snowe : 

In which Men and Cattell have perished, 
To the generall losse of Farmers, Grasiers, Hus- 
bandmen, and all sorts of People in the 
Countrie ; and no lesse hurtfull to 

Citizens. 

Written Dialogue-wise, in a plaine Familiar Talke 
betweene a London Shopkeeper, and a 

North-Country-Man, 
[n which, the Reader shall find many thinges for . 

his profit. 

mprinted at London for Thomas Langley in luie 
Lane, where they are to be sold. 
1015. 



14 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, 1911. 



A reprint of this chapbook may be found 
in vol. ii. of 'The Old Book Collector's 
Miscellany,' edited by the late Charles 
Hindley. W. C. BOLLAND, 

Lincoln's Inn. 

This great snow was in 1614/15 : 

" January 16th began the greatest snow which 
ever fell upon the earth within man's memorye. 
It covered the earth fyve quarters deep upon the 
playne. There fell also ten less snows in Aprill, 
some a foote deep, some lesse, but none continued 
long. Uppon May-day in the morning instead 
of fetching in flowers the youths brought in flakes 
of snow, which lay above a foot deep uppon the 
moores and mountaynes (Youlgrave Register, 
Derbyshire)." 

" At York a heavy snow fell in January and 
eleven weeks frost, and then the river Ouse over- 
flowed, which flooded the streets, and lasted ten 
days, destroying many bridges (Whittock's 
York)." 

The above quotations are from T. H. 
Baker's ' Records of the Seasons, Prices of 
Agricultural Produce, and Phenomena ob- 
served in the British Isles.' 

A. R. MALDEN. 

From my transcription of the ancient 
records of Whitgift's Hospital, Croydon, 
I quote the following contemporary note : 

" Divided among the brethren and Sisters, 
in consideration of the Great Snow and cold 
winter, according to the appoyntment and warrant 
of my L. Grace of Canterbury, to each one the 
sum of vi 8 . riii d . 'amounting in all to the sum of 
x 1 . xiii 8 . iv d . (1614-15)." 

ALFBED CHAS. JONAS. 

An interesting and verbatim account of 
the great snow will be found in The Reli- 
quary, vol. iv. p. 194, taken from the Youl- 
greave parish register ; also an account of a 
great drought in the following spring, when 
only two showers of rain fell in over four 
months. " Nature always pays its debts." 

A. C. 

Describing the great snow in the winter 
of 1614-15, Chambers (' Domestic Annals of 
Scotland') quotes from Balfour's 'Annals 
of Scotland,' and cites other authorities 
to show the terrible severity of the season. 

W. SCOTT. 

CHBISTMAS MUMMERS AS MAMMALS OB 
BIKDS (11 S. ii. 507). Some additional infor- 
mation may perhaps be obtained from 
Hone's ' Works,' edition 1845 ; an article 
in Chambers' s Journal, 1848, on ' Obser- 
vances of Christmas in the Olden Time ' ; 
* Dorsetshire Mummers,' in The Folk-lore 
Record, vol. iii. 1880 ; and Miss C. M. 
Yonge's ' The Christmas Mummers, and 
other Stories,' 1858. 



A graphic account of a singular custom 
once prevalent in Dumfriesshire, indicative 
of the detestation in which the memory of 
the persecutor Grierson of Lag was long held 
in that part of Scotland, will be found in 
' The Burns Country,' by Mr. C. S. Dougall, 
1904, pp. 271-4. The observance, not 
necessarily confined, however, to the Christ- 
mas season, represented the persecutor as a 
grotesque animal figure, crawling on all 
fours in search of Whigs. ' SCOTUS. 

Fosbroke, ' Antiquities,' p. 668, states 
that some mummers were disguised like 
bears, others like unicorns, bringing presents. 
There is a small illustrated plate of these, 
and a reference to Strutt's ' Sports,' 124, 
189, 190. TOM JONES. 

CHBISTMAS BOUGH : CHBISTMAS BUSH 
(11 S. ii. 507). The Christmas bough, con- 
sisting of a bundle of evergreens decorated 
with oranges, apples, &c., and hung up in 
the kitchen, has always been called " the 
mistletoe " as long as I can remember, and 
is supposed to convey the same kissing 
privileges as, the actual mistletoe, which was 
never seen here before the days of railways. 

J. T. F. 

Winterton, Lines. 

In my own childhood (fifteen to twenty 
years ago) at Epworth in Lincolnshire, we 
never had a Christmas tree, but always a 
bush of the type described by ANCHOLME. 
It was formed of two wooden hoops placed 
one inside the other cross-wise, and then 
trimmed with evergreens, such as holly, 
ivy, box, &c. Apples, oranges, and small 
fancy articles were suspended from the 
framework, and a light hung in the middle 
or below. I have seen such bushes in other 
houses not many years since in the same 
place, and my father tells me they were 
common in South Notts in his boyhood. 
It was there called " the kissing-bush." 
We called it " the holly-bush." H. I. B. 

The earliest of those I knew over sixty 
years ago were much the same as described 
by ANCHOLME. The most used name for 
them in Derbyshire was " kissing-bush," 
because at every cottage Christmas gathering 
every one child, maid, lad, as well as 
mother and father had to be kissed under 
it, or, if it hung too low from the kitchen 
beam, by the side of it, and under it all the 
kissing forfeits in the games had to be 
redeemed. 

At one of the editorial references given I 
described the making of the " Christmas 



a s. in. JA. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



15 



kissing-bush." The outer and inner hoops 
of which the frame of the kissing-bush was 
made were kept from year to year, for it was 
lucky to do this, just as it was to keep a 
portion of the " yowl-clog " with which 
to light the next year's fire-log. For many 
years none used the words " Santa Claus " 
or " Christmas tree " : it was Father 
Christmas and Christmas bush, bough, or 
bunch. THOS. RATCLIFFE. 

The Christmas tree, as stated in the query, 
was originally " made in Germany," whence 
it was brought over to this country in the 
early decades of last century. Since then 
it has attained so great a popularity 
among us that, as regards devotion to the 
Christmas tree, Britain may now be said to 
be more German than Germany itself. The 
Christmas bough, however, preceded the 
Christmas tree, and has more claim to be 
regarded as a British institution. For a 
discussion of the tree as well as the bough, 
see the various articles on Christmas in 
Chambers' s ' Book of Days,' vol. ii. With 
regard to literary references, does not 
Washington Irving, in his ' Sketch Book,' 
say something about the Christmas bough 
as a feature in Christmas observances ? 

SCOTUS. 

[MR. HOLBEN MACMICHAEL also thanked for 
reply.] 

OWLS CALLED " CHEBUBIMS " (11 S. ii. 
505). I am reminded of a story which I 
heard, when a boy, from an old Cornish 
great-aunt, a tale which may be condensed 
thus : 

One evening two miners borrowed a gun, 
and went out for some unaccustomed sport. 
Presently something flew across the path 
in front of them ; the man with the gun 
fired, and the bird fell. But when the 
miners went to pick it up, they were first 
amazed, then terrified, for it was a big white 
owl ; they had never seen anything like it 
before, and could not believe that it was a 
bird. So they came to the dread conclusion 
that they had shot a cherub. Filled with 
horror, they rushed off to the rector, con- 
fessed their crime, and asked what they 
should do to save themselves from punish- 
ment. Thereupon the rector, who loved a 
joke, said that on Sunday they must walk 
through the village to the church, each clad 
in a white sheet, as a sign of penitence. 
Which was done, and no evil consequences 
resulted to the slayers. G. H. WHITE. 

St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk. 



The reason probably why the owls were 
called " cherubims " was the resemblance 
between owls and the winged faces that 
passed for " cherubims " on headstones and 
elsewhere about village churches. I have 
heard a story of a lad who ran home to his 
father in a terrible fright, saying, " Father, 
father, I 've shotten a cherubim," thinking 
he had committed some unheard-of impiety. 
The father at once consoled him by telling 
him it was " nowt but a hullat " (owlet) 
that he had shot. J. T. F. 

Winterton, Lines. 

In the late Mr. Bosworth Smith's ' Bird 
Life and Bird Lore,' published by John 
Murray, may be seen a reproduction of an old 
print in ' Sporting Anecdotes ' (1804, Albion 
Press) entitled ' Cherubim Shooting.' The 
white owl, which looks at times all head and 
wings, is not unlike the representation of 
cherubim in Christian art, in which the head 
represents the fullness of knowledge implied 
in the name, the wings the angelic nature. 
FRANK E. COOPE. 

Thurlestone Rectory, Kingsbridge, S. Devon. 

ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US- 
ii. 488). The lines quoted by MB. H. S. 
BBANDBETH are an incorrect version of a 
well-known passage in Tennyson's ' May 
Queen : Conclusion,' stanza 7 : 
The trees began to whisper, and the wind began 

to roll, 
And in the wild March-morning I heard them call 

my soul. 

The oratio recta of the poet has been changed 
into the oratio obliqua in the query, and there 
are other variations. W. S. S. 

The original couplet is in Tennyson's 
'May Queen.' The garbled version of it 
appears, I feel sure, in a novel by either 
Charles or Henry Kingsley. It is there 
applied to the Guards leaving London for 
the Crimea : " Surely there was many a fine 
fellow who," &c. k G. W. E. RUSSELL. 

JOHN BBIGHT'S QUOTATIONS (US. ii. 508). 

2. Unholy is the voice 

Of loud thanksgiving over slaughter'd men, 
is Cowper's translation of 'Odyssey,' xxii. 
412. WM. EDWABD POLLABD. 

Hertford. 

3. " Fortune came smiling," &c., will be 
found in Dryden's ' All for Love.' 

W. SCOTT. 

4. " The Scipios' tomb contains no ashes 
now " is from ' Childe Harold,' iv. 79. 

THOMAS BAYNE. 



16 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 7, ion. 



' GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE ' : NUMBERING 
OF VOLUMES (11 S. ii. 388, 477). I am in- 
debted to MR. A. S. LEWIS for his reply, but 
it is not clear to me that he solves the diffi- 
culty by assuming a slip on the part of the 
editor. No doubt it is true, as MR. LEWIS 
points out, that the preface of fche January 
to June, 1857, volume speaks of its " two 
hundred predecessors " ; but this seems 
to be merely a loose phrase for " two hundred 
or thereby," as the immediately preceding 
leaf explicitly styles the volume "the two- 
hundred-and-second since the commence- 
ment," and this numeration is adhered to in 
subsequent volumes. 

Another correspondent points out that in 
the Preface to the Obituary Index printed in 
1891 an attempt is made to defend the 
numeration by reckoning the issue for 1782 
as composed of two volumes instead of one. 
But is there any justification for this ? 

The numbers for 1781 run to 633 pages. 

The numbers for 1782 run to 631 pages. 

The numbers for 1783 run to 1067 pages. 

It thus appears that the increase in bulk 
suggesting the breaking-up of each year into 
two parts took place in 1783, not 1782. 
Further, I find that the caption-heading of 
the number for July, 1783, is " The Gentle- 
man's Magazine for July, 1783 : being the first 
number of the second part of vol. 53 " ; while 
the heading of the number for July, 1782, 
lacks the italicized part. Our copy of July 
to December, 1783, has an independent 

title-page : " The Gentleman's Magazine 

for the year 1783. Part the second." Does a 
corresponding title-page exist for July to 
December, 1782 ? P. J. ANDERSON. 

Aberdeen University Library. 

DANES' -BLOOD, A FLOWER (11 S. ii. 488). 
This is a local name in Hertfordshire and 
Essex applied to several plants which are 
supposed to owe their origin to the blood of 
slaughtered Danes. My first acquaintance 
with a plant of this denomination proved 
to be the Dane wort or dwarf elder, which 
grew fairly freely in places by the side of the 
main road between Anstey and Barkway. 

Weever in his ' Antient Funeral Monu- 
ments,' 1631, p. 707, referring to Bartlow, 
Essex, says : 

"Banewort, which with bloud - red berries 
commeth up here plenteously, they still call by no 
other name than Danesbloud', of the number of the 
Danes that were there slaine." 

Camden in his 'Britannia,' 1607, refers to 
the same plant as the wall-wort or dwarf 
elder. It should be noted that the elder- 



berries are not red, but a reddish-black, and 
yield a violet juice. 

The Anemone pulsatilla or pasque-flower, 
found in abundance near Ashwell, Herts, is 
also known locally as Danes' -blood. Mr. 
E. V. Methold in his ' Notes on Stevenage, 
Herts,' remarks that in the hedges of the field 
known to this day as " Danes' Blood Field " 
there grows a plant called " monkshood," 
in which, during the spring, the sap turns 
to a reddish colour. W. B. GERISH. 

In * Tongues in Trees,' a work on plant- 
lore published by George Allen in 1891, I 
read at p. 48 : 

"The pasque-flower, Anemone pulsatilla, a native 
in the fields near Royston, is there supposed to have 
grown from the blood of Danes slain in battle. The 
same idea attaches in Wiltshire to the Danewort or 
dwarf elder, Sambucus Ebulus ; though at the High 
Cross on Watling Street near Leicester it is recorded 
as having been planted by the Romans as a preser- 
vative against dropsy." 

W. T. 

According to Folkard, the plant to which 
this legend properly belongs is the dwarf 
elder. He quotes Aubrey in support, who 
locates the legend at S laugh terford in Wilts. 

Friend says the name is given in various 
places to the rose, anemone, thistle, Adonis,, 
and other flowers too numerous to mention. 

C. C. B. 

Britten and Holland, ' Plant Names/ 
1886, p. 142, give three species : 1. Sambucus 
Ebulus, L., Cambs, Wilts ; 2. Anemone 
pulsatilla, L., Cambs, N. Essex, Norf. 3. 
Campanula glomerata, L., Cambs. 

S. L. PETTY. 

Ulverston. 

It is not only the clustered bell-flower 
(Campanula glomerata) that is known as 
Danes' -blood. The dwarf elder, Sambucus 
Ebulus, is also known both as Danes' -blood 
and Danes' -wort (Berkshire), and, as may be 
seen in Salmon's ' London Dispensatory,' 
was a common remedy for various ills. The 
popular belief that the flower sprang 
originally from the blood of the Danes which 
stained the ancient battle-fields is still 
common in Wiltshire, North Hertfordshire, 
Hampshire, Cumberland, North Essex, and 
Norfolk. In Northamptonshire the plant 
is known also as Dane-weed, and Defoe in 
his ' Tour through Great Britain ' speaks 
of his going a little out of the road from* 
Daventry to see a great camp called Barrow 
Hill, and adds : 

" They say this was a Danish camp, and every- 
: thing hereab'out is attributed to the Danes, because 



ii s. HI. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



17 



of the neighbouring Daventry, which they suppose 
to be built by them. The road hereabouts, too, 
being overgrown with Dane- weed, they fancy it 
sprang from the blood of Danes slain in battle ; and 
that, if upon a certain day iii the year you cut it, it 
bleeds." Vol. ii. p. 362. 

There is a full account of the tradition in 
The Gardeners' Chronicle, 1875, p. 515. See 
also Prior and Britten, s.v.v. Dane wort, 
Dane weed ; Aubrey's ' Natural History of 
Wilts,' p. 50 ; ' Natural History and Anti- 
quities of Surrey,' iv. 217, cited in ' Flowers 
and Flower Lore,' by the Rev. Hilderie 
Friend. 1884. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. 
4, Hurlingham Court, S.W. 

[G. F. R. B. also thanked for reply.] 

HIGH STEWARDS AND RECORDERS AT THE 
RESTORATION (US. ii. 488). Sir Orlando 
Bridgeman was Lord Keeper of the Great 
Seal 1667-72, during which time there was 
no one with the title of Lord Chancellor. 

Lord Campbell in the introduction to his 
' Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers 
of the Great Seal of England,' 1845, vol. i. 
p. 20, cites 5 Eliz. c. 18, which declares 
that " the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 
for the time being shall have the same place, 
pre-eminence, and jurisdiction as the Lord 
Chancellor of England." 

He continues : 

" Since then there of course never have been a 
Chancellor and Keeper of the Great Seal concur- 
rently, and the only difference between the two 
titles is, that the one is more sounding than the 
other, and is regarded as a higher mark of royal 
favour." 

Will MRS. SUCKLING give her reference 
for the statement that Roger Gollop was 
M.P. for Southampton in 1659, and say 
whether Southampton means the county or 
the borough ? There is no Roger Gollop in 
the Index of the Official (Blue-book) Return 
of Members of Parliament. This does not 
prove that there was no such member, as 
the seventeenth-century lists are not perfect. 
George Gollopp, or Gollop, or Gallopp, 
alderman, sat for Southampton borough in 
the Parliaments of 17 May, 1625 12 August, 
1625 ; of 6 February, 1625/615 June, 1626 ; 
of 17 March, 1627/810 March, 1628/9 ; and 
of 1640 (Long Parliament). 

In the Parliament of 13 April, 1640 
5 May, 1640, Southampton borough was 
represented by Sir John Mill, Bt., and 
Thomas Levingstonne, Esq. In the next 
the Long Parliament one of the two mem- 
bers was George Gollopp (see above). In 
the next, 3 September, 1654 22 January, 
1654/5, John Lisle, Esq., one of the Lords 
Commissioners of the Great Seal, and Re- 



corder of Southampton, appears alone as 
member for the borough. 

In the lists of the next three Parliaments, 
viz., of 1656, 1658/9, and 1660, the borough 
does not appear. It reappears in that 
of 1661 with two members. 

In the list of the Parliament of 1658.9, 
which lasted less than three months, there 
were two members for Southampton county : 
one of unknown name ("Return torn"), 
the other Robert Wallopp, Esq., of Fare 
Wallopp, co. Southampton. About that 
time a Wallopp generally sat for the county. 
ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

There was no Lord Chancellor in 1671. 
Clarendon surrendered the Great Seal on 
30 August, 1667. It was given to Shaftes- 
bury on 17 November, 1672. During the 
intervening period Sir Orlando Bridgeman 
was Lord Keeper. EDWARD BENSLY. 

A great deal of valuable matter relating 
to High Stewards will be found in Webb's 
' English Local Government, vols. ii. iii. 

ROLAND AUSTIN. 
Public Library, Gloucester. 

[G. F. R. B., DIEGO, M., and MB. W. SCOTT also 
thanked for replies.] 

DANTE, RUSKIN, AND A FONT (11 S. ii. 
469). Dante says himself (' Inferno,' xix. 
1920), when speaking of the punishment 
of the Simonists : 

" I saw the livid stone, on the sides and on the 
bottom, full of holes, all of one breadth ; and each 
was round. Not less wide they seemed to me, nor 
larger, than those that are in my beauteous San 
Giovanni made for stands to the baptizers ; one of 
which, not many years ago, I broke to save one that 
was drowning in it : 

L'un delli quali, ancor non e molt' anni, 
Rupp' io per uri che dentro ri annegava." 

A. R. BAYLEY. 

Miss SUMNER : MRS. SKRINE OR SKREENE 
(11 S. ii. 389, 475). I have a copy of the 
Chippendale book-plate of Wm. Brightwell 
Sumner of Hatchlands, East Clandon, 
Surrey, with a bequest label attached, " The 
Bequest of my Brother, the Rev d D r Rob 
Carey Sumner," which is enclosed in a 
floral wreath, c. 1770. The arms are : 
Ermines, two chevronels or, a crescent gu. 
for difference, impaling. . . .a stag trippant 
. . . .for Holme. Crest, a lion's head erased 
.... ducally gorged .... 

There is another book-plate of this family, 
viz., a festoon armorial, c. 1780, for Geo. 
Holmne Sumner, armiger, of Hatchlands ; 
but I have not a copy of it. 



18 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 7, 1911. 



There is a pedigree of the Sumners of 
Hatchlands in Burke' s ' Landed Gentry,' 
5th ed. It also appears in other editions. 
CHAS. HALL CROUCH. 

48, Nelson Road, Stroud Green, N. 

ELIZABETH WOODVILLE AND THE KINGS OF 
COLOGNE (11 S. ii. 449). The attempt to 
connect Elizabeth Woodville with one of 
the three Kings of Cologne is, I fear, a hope- 
less undertaking. It was doubtless through 
her mother, Jaquette or Jacqueline, that the 
connexion (if such there was) existed. But 
the difficulties in the way of tracing her 
descent seem insuperable. In Cologne, I 
believe, the names assigned to the three 
Kings are Gaspar (or Jaspar), Melchior, and 
Balthazar. There are, however, at least 
four other accounts, in every one of which the 
names are different. From an origin so 
obscure and nebulous, it appears impossible 
to deduce the pedigree of the Lady Eliza- 
beth Woodville with anything approaching 
accuracy. W. S. S. 

BABIES AND KITTENS (11 S. ii. 509). 
Miss Charlotte Leatham in an article on 
West Sussex superstitions lingering in 1868 
(Folk - lore Eecord, i. 18) says : " The belief 
that a baby and a kitten cannot thrive in the 
same house is far from being peculiar to 
Sussex." 

Norfolk people hold the same view, and 
they will not hesitate to drown a cat if it 
is ailing when there is an infant about. 

W. B. GERISH. 

LOWTHEBS v. HOWARDS : A SUPERSTITION 
UPSET (11 S. ii. 504). I first heard the saying 
mentioned, "A Lowther cannot beat a 
Howard," during the recent election. If 
it is of long standing ("a century and a 
half," The Morning Post says), it is difficult to 
see how it could have any foundation on 
fact. In the Parliaments of 1695, 1698, 
1700, 1701, and 1780 Carlisle, and in those of 
1679, 1806, 1807, 1812, and 1818 Cumber- 
land, each of which was a two-seat con- 
stituency, returned both a Lowther and a 
Howard. This must have meant either a 
compromise or such a balance of power 
as gave no advantage to either family. The 
expression " A Lowther cannot beat a 
Howard," or, as I heard it, "A Lowther has 
never beaten a Howard," implies a number 
of contests at the polls in which a Howard 
was uniformly successful over a Lowther. 
I do not find that the political history of 
Cumberland and Westmorland affords any 
Confirmation of such a view. DIEGO. 



Leland's Itinerary in England. Edited by Lucy 
Toulmin Smith. Parts IX., X., and XI. (Bell 

& Sons.) 

THIS volume marks the conclusion of the valuable 
and scholarly work upon which Miss Toulmin 
Smith has been long engaged. Of its contents, 
one part only, Part X. having to do with 
Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Wilts, Somerset, Glouces- 
tershire, and Dorset is in the nature of con- 
tinuous narrative. The remainder 'consists of 
miscellaneous notes in Latin and English, those 
in Part XI. having formed to some extent the 
basis of the more connected disquisitions in the 
earlier portions of the Itinerary. An interesting 
Appendix to Part X. sets forth a ' Note ' by 
Thomas Hearne on the building of the bridge 
between Culham and Abingdon, concluding with 
the cita,tion of a " table " put up by " Mr. 
Richard Fannand, iron-monger," in the Hall of 
St. Helen's Hospital, wherein the details of the 
enterprise labour, material, and dimensions 
are set forth in pious and enthusiastic verse. 

This, the final volume, is supplied with every- 
thing necessary towards perfecting the work as 
a whole, and facilitating references. The Preface 
contains an additional note of the Leland MSS. 
in the British Museum ; there is a ' Conspectus 
of English and Welsh Counties ' touched upon 
by the traveller. ; a list of the ' Maps and Illustra- 
tions in the Five Volumes ' ; 'A Concordance of 
the Present Edition of Leland's Itinerary with 
Hearne's Printed Text, Second Edition, 1744 ' ; 
and a ' Glossary ' of ' Archaic Words and Senses ' ; 
while the two general Indexes, of ' Persons and 
Landowners ' and ' Places and Subjects ' respec- 
tively, which have reference to the volumes pre- 
ceding as well as the present, are, so far as we have 
been able to test them, wonderfully accurate. 

By her thorough and painstaking performance 
of a task which has demanded infinite patience 
and scrupulous care, no less than learning and 
critical insight of a high order, Miss Toulmin 
Smith has earned the gratitude not only of 
antiquaries, but also of those less responsible 
persons who love to dabble in local history and 
tradition for the romance that is in them. 

IN The Cornhill Magazine for the new year Mrs. 
Humphry Ward begins a new novel, ' The Case of 
Richard Meynell,' another story of theological 
difficulties, and Mr. and Mrs. Egerton Castle 
a lively story, ' The Lost Iphigenia.' Mr. J. 
Meade Falkner has a pleasant poem on ' Oxford.' 
Mrs. Woods's ' Pastel ' is concerned with ' Black 
and White,' and finds something to say in favour of 
the former. Sir Frederick Pollock in ' Arabiniana' 
deals with the odd sayings of Serjeant Arabin, an 
original character who administered justice from 
1827 till 1841. His best-known saying, and we 
think his best the others are nothing like so 
witty is current in some such words as 
" Prisoner, God has given you good abilities, 
instead of which you go about the country stealing 
ducks." For " good abilities " we have generally 
heard " health and strength." Mrs. S. A. 
Barnett has a short, but sensible article ' Of 
Town Planning.' ' Marlborough's Men,' by Col. 
Hugh Pearse, is suggestive, but rather too much 
of a summary^to please us. " Q." has a lively 



ii s. in. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



19 



account of ' The Election Count ' in his own dis- 
trict, the hopes and fears and amenities of such 
occasions. Sir James Ypxall in ' A Great Game 
at Hide and Seek ' explains how Bruslart worried 
Napoleon. His fantastic style is full of affecta- 
tion. Mr. A. C. Benson's personal sketch this 
month is concerned with ' J. K. S.,' and gives a 
highly interesting view of that brilliant and eccen- 
tric figure. The first of a series of " Examina- 
tion Papers " on famous authors is begun this 
month by a number of questions on Lamb which 
are set by Mr. E. V. Lucas. For the best answers 
two guineas are offered. 

The Fortnightly for the year is an exceptionally 
interesting number. Mr. J. L. Garvin's notes 
on the present political situation are not con- 
vincing, and are spoilt for us by idle repetition. 
Mr. Walter Sichel in ' Second Thoughts ' is also 
on the Conservative side, while Mr. Belloc in ' The 
Change in Politics ' abuses both sides, and has 
good reason, we think, for much that he con- 
demns. Mr. Granville Barker has an account of 
' Two German Theatres ' which suggests abun- 
dant reflections concerning the mismanagement 
of our own stage and the recent failure of reper- 
tory. What Mr. Barker says should be carefully 
considered by all who care for the drama in this 
country. ' Post - Impressionists ' supply Mr. 
Walter Sickert with a subject for incisive criticism. 
A painter himself, Mr. Sickert writes with marked 
ability and verve on the artists who have come 
after the Impressionists of his earlier days. In 
' Impressions of Congress ' Mr. Sydney Brooks 
brings out very well the free and easy manners of 
American politicians as compared with our own. 
Washington and Westminster are widely different 
in their observances. Any one can go past the 
doors of the national Capitol, smoke in corridors, 
and take any seat in the great public galleries 
which happens to be vacant. In the House of 
Representatives " each member has a revolving 
arm-chair and a spacious desk in front of it." 
' A Candid Colloquy on Religion ' should attract 
attention, as it exhibits cleverly three typical 
points of view, the believer of the party being a 
Roman Catholic.' Mr. Sidney Low writes on 
' The End of the Old Constitution ' with the 
experience of an old hand ; and Mr. W hitelaw Reid 
reprints an address on ' Byron ' delivered to 
inaugurate a proposed Byron Chair of English 
Literature. Mr. Francis Gribble has an article 
on ' Tolstoy ' which brings into relief some of the 
important points and inconsistencies in the career 
of that thinker and artist. ' Benlian,' a story by 
Mr. Oliver Onions, is a weird and effective study 
in morbid influences ; and Mr. Lennard's fourth 
section of his hero ' In Search of Egeria ' deals 
with a modern, neurotic type of woman. 

Ix the two opening papers of The Nineteenth 
Century Lord Ribblesdale and Lord Dunraven 
discuss the results of the recent election. Mr. 
Harold Cox speaks of the Referendum as ' A 
Great Democratic Reform ' necessary to cope with 

"misrepresentation by groups of log-rolling 

politicians." He hopes it may come into force in 
a few years. Lady Paget's ' Recollections of 
Copenhagen in the 'Sixties ' are chiefly concerned 
with the difficulties in the choice of the Danish 
King of Greece, whose father Prince Christian 
was, at first, decidedly opposed to separation 
from his son. Sir Edward Clayton considers ' The 



Home Secretary and Prison Reform,' providing, 
we think, some useful and shrewd criticism. 
Capt. G. S. C. Swinton is in favour of 'A " King 
Edward " Bridge ' as a memorial. Hungerford 
Bridge and Charing Cross Station are, it is 
argued, unworthy of their prominence. They are 
either to make way altogether, " the station 
moving bodily to a more convenient position 
elsewhere," or to be included in one great recon- 
struction scheme. This might be very fine, but 
the expense would be prohibitive. The second! 
part of ' The Married Working Woman : a Study,' 
is well worth reading. Of ' Carillon Music,' as 
Mr. E. B. Osborn says, little is known in England. 
He speaks of the triumphs achieved by various 
artists at the meeting of bell-masters in Mechlin. 
M. Denyn is the master of them all, and performs, 
we learn, on a set of thirty-five bells at Cattistock 
in Dorset every year on the last Thursday in July. 
This is the only keyboard carillon of any conse- 
quence in the country, but perhaps some of our 
latest towers will be provided with bell-music.. 
Mrs. Watherston gives a lively and interesting 
account of ' An Outpost of our Empire,' viz., 
Tamale in West Africa, which she was the first 
white woman to inhabit. Other articles are con- 
cerned with English sculpture, education, small 
holdings, and democracy, but we regret to firkl 
that no single paper deals with letters. 

Ix The Burlington Magazine the ' Editorial ' 
deals with ' National Memorials and Selection 
Committees.' The competition for the statue of 
King Edward should, it is said, be thrown open 
to all artists of the British Empire, and the designs 
be on show in some large central building during 
the period of the Coronation this year, when 
Colonial and Indian officials may be able to select 
those of them suitable for local requirements. The 
jury of selection is then discussed. We agree that 
it should foe possible, and is desirable, to get 
eminent foreigners to help ; and we also applaud 
the idea of using the services of ' : a certain number 
of men of general critical knowledge and familiarity 
with the masterpieces of older sculpture." The 
statue, after all, is not to be viewed mainly 
by sculptors, who, like other artists, are apt to 
ignore the claims of general design in favour of 
some technical subtlety or merit. Mr. Roger 
Fry writes on ' A Portrait of Leonello D'Este ' 
by Roger Van der Weyden which is figured in 
colours in the frontispiece, the coat of arms on 
the reverse side being also reproduced on a plate. 
Mr. Lionel Cust continues in his ' Notes on Pic- 
tures in the Royal Collections ' discussion of Van 
Dyck's splendid equestrian portraits of Charles I. 
M. Paul Lafond has discovered an interesting 
subject for discussion in ' Ox- Yokes in the North 
of Portugal,' the designs on which approach a 
primitive character, though the actual specimens 
secured are, in fact, contemporary work. They 
are certainly beautiful, and offer a fascinating 
field for the tracing of design down the ages. A 
similar study is afforded by a plate in which Sir 
Martin Conway puts together pictures of two 
fourteenth-century chests. 

Of the remaining articles and notes we mention 
specially a clever plea for the Post-Impressionists 
by Mr. A. Clutton- Brock, and information from a 
foreign correspondent concerning forthcoming 
letters of Van Gogh. It is noted that the ' St. 
Sebastian' of Mantegna has been moved from 
the village of Aigue-Perse to the Louvre. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, wn. 



BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY. 

r MR. ANDREW BAXENDINE'S Edinburgh 
Catalogue 121 contains some new books as well as 
second-hand ones and remainders. We note the 
' Wellington Despatches,' with index, 13 vols., 
II. 5s. ; and Bewick's 'Birds ' and ' Quadrupeds/ 
-3 vols., half-morocco, Newcastle, 1816-21, 
II. 10s. Under Alpine is VVooster's ' Alpine 
Plants,' 2 vols., fine copy, 1Z. 10s. The " Ancient 
Classics for English Readers," 28 vols. in 14, 
half-calf, are II. 5s., and " Aldine Poets," 51 vols., 
cloth, as new, 21. 2s. Billings's ' Antiquities of 
Scotland,' 4 vols., 4to, half-morocco, 1845-52, a 
handsome copy, is 4Z. 10s. 6d. ; and the reprint, 
1901, 21. Under Scotland is a complete set of the 
historians of Scotland, together 10 vols., cloth, 
1871-80, 31. 15s. Qd. Under Scott are several 
entries, including 'The Border Antiquities,' 

2 vols., 4to, old red morocco, 1814, 21. 2s. Under 
Burns are the first London edition with list of 
subscribers, red morocco, 1787, 3Z. 10s. 6d. ; 
and Allan Cunningham's edition, 8 vols., blue 
morocco, 21. 2s. The list, which is a varied one, 
contains fifteen hundred items. 

Mr. F. C. Carter's Hornsey Catalogue 27 is 
devoted to Americana. There are in all four 
hundred items at moderate prices. A collection 
of trials, 29 pamphlets, 1795-1852, may be had 
for 21. 12s., and 11 Civil War pamphlets, 1849-65, 
for 12s. Qd. 

Mr. Carter sends also (Extra Series 4) a Cata- 
logue of Deeds, Charters, and Autograph Letters. 
There are many documents relating to Gibbon, 
with some unpublished correspondence. Under 
;St. Pancras is part of a plan showing a tea garden, 
and there is an item of special interest at the 

E resent time, a collection of 56 Peers' Proxies, 
lank, early nineteenth century, with signatures 
of Selkirk, Clinton, Shaftesbury, Verulam, Mac- 
aulay, and others, II. 5s. 

Mr. George Gregory of Bath includes in his 
Catalogue numbered 199-200 the rare mezzotint 
' The Daughters of Sir Thomas Frankland,' 
engraved by Ward after Hoppner, published 
21 April, 1800, a magnificent impression, 
100 guineas. Among the books are Fathers of 
the Church, miscellaneous Theology, Clark's 
" Foreign Theological Library," and Greek and 
Latin classics. Works from the library of the 
late Canon Griffiths comprise Atkyns's ' Glouces- 
tershire,' folio, 1768, 3Z. 15s. ; ' Percy Anecdotes,' 
40 vols. in 20, 1Z. 7s. ; Skelton's ' Oxonia Antiqua 
Restaurata,' 2 vols., imperial 4to, 1823, 2Z. 2s. ; 
and Foxe's ' Book of Martyrs,' black-letter, 

3 vols., folio, 1641, 4Z. 10s. There are some recent 
purchases, among which are ' The American 
Atlas,' 1775, 6Z. ; and Ackermann's ' Cambridge,' 
2 vols., imperial 4to, half-morocco, 1815, a 
brilliantly coloured copy, 13Z. Under Bath are 
Nattes's Views, 28 coloured plates, royal folio, 
handsomely bound in calf, 1806, 9Z. 

Mr. W T . M. Murphy's Liverpool Catalogue 160 
contains the Transactions and Proceedinys of the 
Society of Biblical Archaeology, 1872-93, i3Z. 10s. ; 
a handsome set of Punch, original issue, 1841- 
1909, 137 vols. in 69 yearly volumes, half-morocco, 
27Z. 10s. ; the Abbotsford Scott, 17 vols., half- 
vellum, 1842-6, 10?. ; and the Dauphin edition of 
Boileau, 2 vols., large 4to, morocco, a choice 



copy, Paris, 1789, 5Z. 5s. Under Byroniana is the 
first edition of the ' Genuine Rejected Addresses,' 
original boards, very scarce, 1812, 4Z. Under 
Ceramic is Hobson's 'Worcester Porcelain,' 
6Z. 6s. A copy of ' The Century Dictionary,' 
8 vols., full morocco, gilt, is priced 61. Among 
many Dickens items is an extra-illustrated copy 
of the first 8vo edition with autograph letter of 
Dickens, levant, 1839, 6Z. 10s. Other works 
include ' The Historians' History of the World,' 
Times edition, 1907, 11Z. 10s. ; Smyth's ' Roman 
Medals,' 1Z. 5s. ; Montaigne's ' Essais,' Paris, 
1600, 4Z. 10s. ; the first edition of Rogers's ' Italy,' 
1830, 2Z. 10s. ; and Spotiswoode's ' Church of 
Scotland, 'fourth edition, 1677, 2Z. 10s. Dodsley's 
' Collection of Old English Plays,' a fine fresh set, 
is 7Z. 7s. Under Constable are a pair of mezzo- 
tints, fine impressions, 15 guineas; also 'The 
Rainbow,' 4 guineas. 

Messrs. W. N. Pitcher & Co.'s Manchester 
Catalogue 189 contains all classes of literature. 
There is a large-paper copy of Angelo's ' Remi- 
niscences,' limited to 75 copies ; also a large- 
paper copy of ' The Picnic,' limited to 50 copies, 
together 3 vols., royal Svo, half-morocco, 1904-5, 
5Z. 5s. Under Art Sales is Redford's ' History of 
Sales of Pictures,' 2 vols., scarce, 1888, 9Z. There 
is a set of the " Badminton Library of Sports 
and Pastimes," 30 vols., half blue morocco, 7Z. 10s.; 
and the Caxton Edition of ' La Com^die Humaine,' 
4Z. The Haworth Edition of the Brontes' works, 
7 vols., is, 3Z. 7s. Qd. There are also the Cole- 
ridge and Prothero edition of Byron, the 17- 
volume edition of Browning, the Vierge edition 
of ' Don Quixote,' Ormerod's ' Cheshire,' and 
Fielding, 11 vols., with Life by Murphy. An 
extra-illustrated Lysons's ' Magna Britannia,' 
extended to 10 vols., half -morocco, 1806-22, is 
16Z. 10s. Under Manchester are 12 original 
pencil drawings by Melton Prior, depicting scenes 
during the visit of the Prince and Princess of 
Wales in 1887, 71. 10s. 

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.] 



We must call special attention to the following 
notices : 

WE beg leave to state that we decline to return 
communications which, for any reason, we do not 
print, and to this rule we can make no exception. 

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, 
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value 
of old books and other objects or as to the means of 
disposing of them. 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ' "Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub- 
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E.G. 

Lucis (" Terrible Vautrin "). Vautrin is a 
desperate criminal in Balzac's ' Le Pere Goriot.' 

XYLOGRAPITER (" Gruneisen "). He was for 
some years musical critic of The Athcmceum, and 
died in 1879. See life in ' D.N.B.' 

CORRIGENDUM. 11 S. ii. 512, col. 1, 1. 4, for 
' Balser " read Baker. 



ii s. in. JAN. 14, ion.] NOTES AND QUEEIES. 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY U, 1911. 



CONTENTS.-No. 55. 

NOTES : Shelley and Leigh Hunt, 21 Statues and 
Memorials in the British Isles, 22 The Earliest Tele- 
graphy, 24 Sir John Chandos James Forsyth " Elze " 
=Already, 25 Longfellow on Dufresny, 26. 

QUERIES: Sophie Dawes Miss Wykeham Alderman 
Wilcox, 27 Benjamin D'Israeli of Dublin Teesdale 
Legion Capt. Witham and the Siege of Gibraltar- 
Grange Court, St. Clement Danes Thackeray and 
Pugilism Thackeray and the Stage T. J. Thackeray 
O. Goldsmith, B.A., 28 M. G. Drake Richard 
Heylin W. J. Lockwood T. Coryat and Westminster 
School Authors Wanted " Teetotal " Ha.ckney and 
Tom Hood Miss Pastrana Lady Elizabeth Preston, 
29 County Coats of Arms Coroner of the Verge Crowe 
Families, 30. 

BEPLIES : Poor Souls' Light: " Totenlaterne," 30 Early 
Graduation Colani and the Reformation, 32 Henry of 
Navarre and the Three-Handled Cup Gordons at West- 
minster School, 33 Sir Walter Raleigh and Tobacco 
' Young Folks ' Itinerant Tailors, 34 Westminster 
Chimes "Sackbut" Knots in Handkerchiefs Corpse 
Bleeding Artephius, ' De Characteribus Planetarum,' 35 
Elephant and Castle in Heraldry Puns on Payne The 
Brown Sex, 36 Fores's Musical Envelope Bohemian 
Musical Folk-lore Al fieri in England Lady Conyngham 
Bishop Luscombe " Yorker," 37 Viscount Ossington 
" Tenedish," 38. 

NOTES ON BOOKS: 'The Romance of Bookselling' 
The National Review.' 

Booksellers' Catalogues. 
Notices to Correspondents. 



SHELLEY AND LEIGH HUNT. 

IN that very interesting compilation, ' Recol- 
lections of the Table Talk of Samuel Rogers,' 
the poet is reported to have said : 

" Before meeting Shelley in Italy, I had seen 
him only once. It was in my own house in 
St. James' Place, where he called upon me 
introducing himself to request the loan of some 
money which he wished to present to Leigh Hunt ; 
and he offered me a bond for it. Having nume- 
rous claims upon me at that time, 1 was obliged 
to refuse the loan." 

Prior to its final acceptance, a part of that 
statement seems to require revision. I do 
not think that Shelley before April, 1816, had 
any necessity to raise money for Leigh 
Hunt. 

Prof. Dowden in a note (' Life of Shelley,' 
vol. ii. p. 181) says : " When it was that he 
[Shelley] called on Rogers to request a loan 
for Leigh Hunt I cannot tell." 

While not disputing the fact that Shelley 
did call upon Rogers earlier than April, 1816, 
to borrow money, I submit that there is no 
evidence whatever that the money was 
intended for Leigh Hunt. I think it can be 
shown that the loan was requested for God- 



win, and that the date of Shelley's visit to 
Rogers was May, 1814. 

When, in February, 1813, Leigh Hunt and 
his brother were sentenced to two years' 
imprisonment, and a fine of 500?. each, for 
publishing a libel on the Prince Regent, 
Shelley, who was then at Tremadoc in Wales, 
wrote, on or about 19 February, to Hook- 
ham, and begged him to raise a subscription 
to pay Hunt's fine. Towards that object 
Shelley sent 201. When it was pointed out 
that neither of the Hunts would accept 
pecuniary assistance, Shelley wrote direct 
to Leigh Hunt, at that time in prison, and 
offered to pay either the whole, or a great 
part of the fine. This princely offer was at 
once declined by both the brothers Hunt, 
and there is no reason to believe that the 
question was ever reopened. As a matter 
of fact, Leigh Hunt was not personally 
known to Shelley until December, 1816, 
which was long after the period indicated by 
Rogers. 

That the visit to Rogers must have taken 
place prior to Byron's departure from 
England, in April, 1816, is proved by Rogers 
himself, who states that on the same day that 
Shelley called, Byron dined with him. Prof. 
Dowden tells us (' Life of Shelley,' vol. ii. 
p. 61) that in December, 1816, Mary became 
aware that Shelley had either given or con- 
veyed to Leigh Hunt a considerable sum 
of money, possibly for his private wants. 
This is the first intimation of any gift of 
money by Shelley to Leigh Hunt, and can 
have had no connexion whatever with 
Samuel Rogers. On the other hand, it is 
on record that in March, 1814, Shelley's 
affairs were in a critical condition. He 
wrote to his father to say that he could no 
longer delay raising money by the sale of 
post-obit bonds. Two months later, in 
May, 1814, Shelley tried very hard to raise 
money, but not for Leigh Hunt, who was not 
in need of money at that time. Shelley- 
wished to assist Godwin (Dowden, vol. i. 
pp. 417-18), with whose daughter he eloped 
at the end of July. 

In May, 1815, Shelley gave Godwin 
1,OOOZ., and in the following month the poet 
became entitled to an income of 1,OOOZ. a 
year. He had then certainly no occasion to 
borrow money from Rogers, for he was, at 
that time, decidedly prosperous. " Re- 
lieved from poverty and the oppression of 
debt," says Prof. Dowden, he longed to get 
out of London, and to find some haven of 
peace with Mary Godwin. Again, in 
January, 1816, Shelley agreed to sell an 
annuity for Godwin's benefit ; but not one 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. H, 1911. 



word is mentioned of Leigh Hunt's neces- 
sities until the following December. 

In these circumstances it seems likely, 
either that Rogers may have forgotten, 
or perhaps in the first instance mistaken, 
the object for which Shelley begged a loan ; 
or that the compiler of the ' Table Talk * 
may have misunderstood the allusion. It 
appears to be only bare justice to a man who, 
in after years, was not so scrupulous, to 
remember that, in the hours of adversity 
which he passed in prison, he showed a fine 
spirit of independence. 

RICHARD EDGCUMBE. 

Edgbarrow, Orowthorne, Berks. 



STATUES AND MEMORIALS IN THE 
BRITISH ISLES. 

(See 10 S. xi. 441 ; xii. 51, 114, 181, 401 ; 
11 S. i. 282; ii. 42, 242, 381.) 

I AGAIN desire to thank all correspondents, 
anonymous and otherwise, who have supplied 
information. 

Having given a first instalment of Queen 
Victoria Memorials at the last reference, I 
devote the present contribution mainly to 
Memorials of Prince Albert, after which I 
must proceed to other subjects now demand- 
ing attention. 

ROYAL PEESONAGES (continued). 

Hastings. About the centre of the town, 
on a site where seven roads converge, stands 
the Albert Memorial. It is 65 feet high, 
and was erected by public subscription at a 
cost of 860Z., to the memory of Prince 
Albert, consort of Queen Victoria. Above 
the entrance door of the tower is inscribed : 
" Erected to Albert the Good, in the year 
of our Lord 1862." Higher up on the same 
side is a statue of the Prince, represented 
in the robes of a Knight of the Garter. 
Above the statue is an illuminated clock. 
A drinking fountain is incorporated in the 
lower portion of the tower. The memorial 
is from designs by Mr. E. A. Heffer of Liver- 
pool. 

Edinburgh. A bronze equestrian statue 
of Prince Albert stands in the centre of 
Charlotte Square Gardens. The Prince is 
represented in the uniform of a. field-marshal. 
On the granite pedestal are bronze bas-reliefs 
depicting events in his life : (E. ) his marriage, 
(W.) opening of the Great Exhibition of 1851, 
(N.) distributing Orders, (S.) the Queen and 
Prince surrounded by their children. At the 
angles between are groups representative of 
(1) Art and Science, (2) Labour, (3) Nobility, 
(4) Service. The statue is the work of the 



late Sir John Steell, and the groups are by 
other sculptors. The work cost nearly 
16,000?., and was inaugurated by Queen 
Victoria on 17 August, 1876. On the evening 
of the ceremony the sculptor received the 
honour of knighthood from his sovereign at 
Holyrood Palace. 

Ramsey, Isle of Man. On 20 September, 
1847, the Royal Yacht with the Queen and 
Prince Albert on board anchored in Ramsey 
Bay. The Queen remained on board, but 
the Prince Consort landed and visited 
several points of interest in the neighbour- 
hood. The party had again embarked 
before the inhabitants were aware of the 
visit. A subscription was shortly after- 
wards started to erect a suitable memorial 
of the event. It consists of a tower 45 feet 
high, built of granite and slate, and furnished 
with a winding stairway in the interior. Over 
the doorway is inscribed : 

" Erected on the spot where H.R.H. Prince- 
Albert stood to view Ramsey and its neigh- 
bourhood during the visit of her most gracious 
Majesty Queen Victoria to Ramsey Bay, the 20th 
of September, 1847." 

Belfast. At the bottom of High Street, 
near the Quay, is the fine clock-tower 
known as " The Albert Memorial." It was 
erected by public subscription, was begun 
in 1865, and completed in 1868. It rises to 
a height of 138 feet, and was constructed 
from the designs of Mr. W. J. Barre. On 
the side facing High Street is a statue of the 
Prince ; and the tower terminates with a 
clock-chamber, open belfry, and spire. 

Balmoral. On Craig-lour-achin, one of the* 
most beautiful hills near Balmoral, a statue 
of Prince Albert stands on the apex of a 
pyramid or cairn of rough granite blocks. 
The Prince is represented clad in Highland 
costume, and bare-headed. His right hand 
rests upon the head of a large collie-dog 
standing beside him. The inscription con- 
tains the following quotation from the 
Apocryphal Wisdom of Solomon (chap. iv. 
verses 13 and 14) : 

" He, being made perfect in a short time, 
fulfilled a long time. For his soul pleased the Lord, 
therefore hasted He to take him away from among 
the wicked." 

Lochlee Forest, Braemar. At a spot in 
this forest known as Hall o' Craig o' Doon 
is a well from which Queen Victoria and 
Prince Albert once drank. The eleventh 
Earl of Dalhousie, who owned the demesne, 
placed over the well a memorial stone,, 
bearing the lines : 

Rest, traveller, on this lonely green, 

And drink and pray for Scotland's queen* 



ii s. m. j.. ii, j9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 









Beneath this couplet is inscribed as follows : 

" Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His Royal 
Highness the Prince Consort visited this well and 
drank of its refreshing waters, the 20th of Septem- 
ber, 1860. The Year of Her Majesty's Great 
Sorrow." 

Balmoral Palace. Over the entrance door 
to the great tower is a richly carved panel. 
The globose centre is thus inscribed : 

This 
Castle of Balmoral 

was erected by 
R.R.H. Prince Albert 

Consort of 

H.M. Queen Victoria 

Begun Sept. 28th 1853 

Completed Sept. Istll856 

Tenby. On the Castle Hill stands the 
Welsh Memorial of Prince Albert. It was 
designed and executed by Mr. John Evan 
Thomas at a cost of 2,2501. The Prince is 
represented in the attire of a field-marshal, 
and wearing the regalia of the Order of the 
Garter. The statue was unveiled by Prince 
Arthur (Duke of Connaught) in 1865. The 
inscription is in Welsh. 

Wolverhampton. In the centre of Queen's 
Square is a bronze equestrian statue of Prince 
Albert. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria 
on 30 November, 1866. 

Liverpool. A bronze equestrian statue of 
Prince Albert is in St. George's Place. 
On the front of the granite pedestal is in- 
scribed : 

Albert, Prince Consort 
Born 1819, Died 1861. 

And on the back : 

" This statue of a wise and good Prince was 
erected by the Corporation of Liverpool, October, 
1800." 

It was modelled by Thos. Thornycroft, and 
cost 6,000?. 

St. Peter Port, Guernsey. A replica of the 
statue of Prince Albert formerly in the 
gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, 
and now placed near the entrance to the 
Royal Albert Hall, London, commemorates 
the visit of the Queen and Prince to the 
island in August, 1846. It is erected near 
the spot where they landed, and represents 
the Prince in the robes of the Order of the 
Garter. It was cast in copper at a cost of 
1,200?. 

St. Anne, Alderney. A gateway leading 
into the churchyard was " Erected by the 
people of Alderney " to commemorate 
the visit of the Queen and Prince Albert in 
1846. It is inscribed : " Albert, 1846." 

Aberdeen. In Union Street, near Union 
Bridge, is Marochetti's statue of Prince 



Albert. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria 
on 13 October, 1863. 

The following relate to. other royal', 
personages : 

Lichfield. On 30 September, 1908, the 
Earl of Dartmouth unveiled a statue of 
King Edward VII. which had been presented 
to the city by Mr. Robert Bridgman, the 
sculptor, in commemoration of his year of 
office as Sheriff. 

Medallion portraits of King Edward and 
Queen Alexandra, affixed to the front of 
the Lichfield Guildhall, were unveiled on 
17 September, 1910. 

Hickleton, Yorkshire. In the proximity 
of Hickleton Hall, the seat of Viscount Hali- 
fax, a King Edward memorial cross has 
recently been erected. The cross, which 
stands about 20 feet high, is constructed of 
Portland stone, with local stone forming the 
base. In the centre of the cross itself is 
carved on the front a figure of the B. V. 
Mary bearing our Lord in her arms, and at 
the back are the three lions of England. The 
following is inscribed at the base : 

" To Edward the Seventh, King of England. 
This Cross is erected in memory of the past by 
Charles Lindley, Viscount Halifax, his faithful 
subject and servant, May 6th, 1910. 

" Grant him, O Lord, eternal rest, and let 
light perpetual shine upon him." 

Alnwick, Northumberland. In the neigh- 
bourhood of Alnwick Castle is a pillar in- 
scribed as follows : 

"William the Lion 
King of Scotland 

besieging 
Alnwick Castle 

was here 

taken Prisoner 

MCLXXIV. 

Two or three hundred yards north of the 
chapel dedicated to St. Leonard is a cross - 
bearing the following inscriptions : 

Malcolm III. 
King of Scotland 

besieging 

Alnwick Castle 

was slain here, 

Nov. 13, An. MXCIII. 



K. Malcolm's Cross 

decayed by time 

was restored by 

his descendant 

Elizabeth 
Duchess of Northumberland 

TMDCCLXXIV. 

Chislehurst. On Chislehurst Common, . 
hard by Camden Place, for some years the 
residence of the family of the third Napoleon, 
ex-Emperor of the French, is a granite 



NOTES AND QUERIES. C n s. m. JAN. u, mi. 



cross erected to the memory of the ill-fated 
Prince Imperial. On the pedestal are the 
following inscriptions : 

[Front.] 

Napoleon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph, 

Prince Imperial, 

Killed in Zululand, 

1st June, 1879. 

[JBflw*.] 

" I shall die with a sentiment of profound 
gratitude for Her Majesty the Queen of England 
;and all the Royal Family, and for the country 
where I have received for eight years such 
cordial hospitality." 

In memory of the Prince Imperial and in 
sorrow at his death this cross is erected by the 
residents of Chislehurst, 1880. 

The first of the latter inscriptions is an 
extract from the young Prince's will. 

JOHN T. PAGE. 
Long Itchington, \Yarwickshire. 

Nicholas Howe's monument, for which 
MB. PAGE inquired at 11 S. ii. 243, is situated 
an the village of Little Barford, Beds, and 
consists of a four-sided pillar about 3 feet 
high. The inscription on the sides runs as 
follows : 

(1) The Poet Rowe was born in this house 
1673 (2) Author of Jane Shore sevral Tragedies 
and Translator of Lucan (3 ) Master of Polite Learn- 
ing and the Classical Authors (4) A secretary of 
State To Queen Ann, and Poet Laureate to King 
George. 

The above information has been kindly 
supplied me by Mr. J. H. Alington of Little 
Barford, whose grandfather erected the 
memorial. He adds : 

" The story is that the mother of the poet was 
travelling, and that the house (which is now the 
end one of a row of joined cottages in which 
labourers live) was a wayside inn, where she 
lodged at the time of his birth." 

W. R. B. PBIDEAUX. 

Reform Club. 



THE EARLIEST TELEGRAPHY. 

ACCORDING to an article by Mr. T. Sturdee 
"in The Strand Magazine for October last, 
" it was not until 1795, when Lord George 
Murray introduced his semaphore system, 
that anything like an efficient means of 
telegraphic communication was established." 
This implies the earlier existence of such 
communication ; and that idea is borne out 
in an article in the same magazine for 
.September by Mr. Bernard Darwin on * Some 
Curious Wagers.' That tells of a bet 
by the Duke of Queensberry with a Mr. 
Edgworth, which could have been won by the 



latter if it had not been that, " having in his 
mind a system of semaphores, he blurted out 
that he didn't mean to rely upon horses." 
There is a tantalizing absence of dates from 
this anecdote, but conjecturally it is of about 
1750 ; and I should be interested to know 
whether there is a contemporary description 
of any earlier system of telegraphic com- 
munication than that which I give below. 

In The London Chronicle for 3-6 January, 
1767, appeared the following :^ 

CORSICAN GAZETTE. 
Iftolarossa, August 28. 

On the 17th of this month, arrived here from 
Corte, two English Gentlemen, to embark on 
their return to Tuscany. They had been in- 
formed at Corte, of an invention by the Abbes 
Giulani and Liccia of our province, of a new con- 
trivance which they call, 11 Corri&re Volante, The 
Flying Courier ; by means of which, notice may 
be communicated in a few instants from one 
place to another, at the distance of many miles. 
The two young Abb6s were here at the arrival of 
these Gentlemen, who being desirous to see an 
experiment made of the new contrivance, it was 
accordingly made on the terrace of this tower, 
at the square of Saint Reperata, and the English 
Gentlemen were highly satisfied and pleased 
with it. Some months ago, when his Excellency 
the General was here, a like experiment was made, 
at the distance of ten miles, which succeeded 
perfectly well. As these English Gentlemen 
encouraged the two Abbes to inform the Publick 
of their invention, the following account of it is 
given, that the Publick may judge of the ad- 
vantages to be derived from it. 

The FLYING COURIER is a portable machine, 
which serves for the purpose of communicating 
at the distance of many miles a notice or advice, 
as clearly and distinctly, as if a voice was heard, 
or it was seen written on a leaf. 

To perform this operation, three things are 
necessary. 1. That the place from whence the 
notice is to be sent, which we shall call A, com- 
mand a view of the place to which the notice is 
directed, which we shall call B. 2. That at the 
place A, there be a machine with a person in- 
formed of the notice intended to be communicated 
to the place B. 3. That at the place B, there be 
another person with a similar machine, in order 
to return an answer to the place A, as shall be 
necessary. 

This operation is not restricted so as only 
to communicate intelligence from A to B, but the 
instant it is received at B, it may be conveyed to 
C, and from C may be conveyed to D, and so on, 
although C and D be not seen by A, provided that 
at every one of the places there be these machines, 
and the persons who perform, know at what 
precise time the operation is to be, so that they 
may stand in fixed attention. In this manner, 
the same notice may fly in a few hours from the 
one extremity to the other of a kingdom. 

This operation may be performed just now at 
the distance of 25 miles from one machine to 
another ; and when the machine shall be furnished 
with certain springs, Avhich are yet wanting, it 
may be done at the distance of 50 miles. It may 



n s. in. JAN. 14, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



be done by night, as well as by day, provided 
that the air be not charged with a low cloudy 
atmosphere, or any other dark vapour. 

Although the operation is performed in public, 
advice is communicated with the greatest secrecy, 
as it can neither be heard nor understood but by 
the persons who assist at the machines. Nay, if 
he who sends or receives the advice is desirous 
to conceal it, even from these persons, there is 
a method of doing it freely. 

In tine, this operation is performed with great 
expedition ; for, in a quarter of an hour may be 
communicated a period, containing about two 
huadred letters. Add to this, that the machine 
situated at the place A not only communicates 
advice to the other at the place B, but does not 
attempt it before being certain of being heard 
at B. 

Although so apparently precise, this 
description sadly lacks detail concerning the 
apparatus employed. Can that detail be 
found elsewhere ? ALFRED F. BOBBINS. 



SIR JOHN CHANDOS. In ' The Life of the 
Black Prince, by the Herald of Sir John 
Chandos,' recently edited by Miss Mildred 
K. Pope and Miss Eleanor C. Lodge of Oxford 
University, and published at the Clarendon 
Press (1910), it is stated in the 'Index of 
Proper Names,' p. 242, that Sir John 
Chandos was " son of Thomas Chandos, 
Sheriff of Herefordshire." This is an error 
the repetition of which in this important 
edition of the Chandos Herald's poem in- 
creases the need for its correction. 

The great Sir John Chandos, a knight- 
founder of the Order of the Garter, Viscount 
of St. Sauveur in Normandy, Constable of 
Aquitaine, and Seneschal of Poitou, was 
son and heir of Sir Edward Chandos, a dis- 
tinguished Derbyshire knight. Sir Edward, 
who received rewards for his service in the 
war with Scotland and for other services 
in the early reign of Edward III., was a 
constant friend and companion of that king. 

Sir John's parentage is correctly stated 
in his life in the ' Dictionary of National 
Biography,' which expressly cautions the 
reader against the above error, and that 
authority is, moreover, referred to on p. 242 
mentioned above. M. Fillon, who is also 
there cited as an authority, and some other 
writers had earlier made the mistake of 
confusing this Sir John Chandos, the last of 
the knightly house of Chandos of Derbyshire, 
with another Sir John Chandos, son of the 
above Sir Thomas Chandos, and last of 
the male line of the baronial house of 
Chandos of Herefordshire and Shropshire. 
The latter Sir John died within the years 
1428-30 (the ' D.N.B.' says 10 Dec., 1428) 
without issue, some sixty years after the 



death of his renowned kinsman, his sister's 
descendants becoming, in the eighteenth 
century, Dukes of Chandos. 

The knightly family of Chandos of Derby- 
shire, sprung from the baronial house, and 
seated in the county of Derby for five 
generations, is now represented by Chandos- 
Pole of Radbourne, through the marriage 
in the reign of Richard II. of Peter de la Pole 
and Elizabeth, niece and eventual sole 
heiress of Sir John Chandos of Radbourne r 
the famous warrior. The above Sir Thomas 
Chandos was in the King's division at Crecy, 
while his contemporary Sir John Chandos 
of the Derbyshire branch of the family was 
in attendance upon, and fighting beside, 
the youthful Prince of Wales, then only 
sixteen years old. R. E. E. CHAMBERS. 

Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple. 

JAMES FORSYTE. The article in the 
'D.N.B.' on this Indian traveller needs some 
corrections. 

Capt. Forsyth joined the Bengal Army 
(not the Civil Service) in February, 1857, 
after receiving a university education not in 
England, but in Scotland. After some 
years of military service he was appointed 
Assistant Conservator, and acting Conser- 
vator of Forests in the Saugor and Nerbudda 
Territories. He was subsequently trans- 
ferred to the Central Provinces Commission, 
and after a time was nominated Settlement 
Officer, and then Deputy Commissioner of 
Nimar. He joined the Bengal Staff Corps 
in 1861, and was promoted to the rank of 
captain 20 February, 1869. His book ' The 
Highlands of Central India ' contained 
accounts of some, but by no means all, of his 
travels and explorations in the Central 
Provinces. R. E. B. 

" ELZE "= ALREADY. ' Glints o' Glen- 
gonnar,' by Christina Fraser, recently pub- 
lished, consists of a series of sketches illustrat- 
ing the life of dwellers in a remote district 
of Upper Clydesdale. The writer manifestly 
knows her people well, and perhaps the 
most fully presented character in her group is 
" Easie," the local shopkeeper, an incomer 
who has permanently retained certain impres- 
sions received in her native parish. Among 
these is the use of some words which are un- 
familiar to her youthful auditors : 

" Easie had twae words she used often, ' elze * 
and ' efterhin.' Jf a baker or cadger had come 
suner than she expected, she wad say, ' Is that 
you, elze ? I didna think it was that time o' day ' ; 
or, if we had been sent an erran' an' cam' back 
quick, she wad say, * Are ye back, elze ? Juist 
rin like a whittret/ If it was something she wad 
do later, she wad say'she wad do't efterhin." 



26 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. n, 1911. 



"Efterhin" or " efterhend," for after- 
wards, and "whittret" for weasel, are still in 
fairly general use throughout the Lowlands ; 
but " elze " in the sense of already is less 
commonly known. Indeed, it is questionable 
if many who are familiar with the native 
speech ever heard it, to say nothing of 
including; it in their vocabulary. It is an 
interesting survival of the form " ellis " or 
*' els," which Jamieson in the ' Scottish 
Dictionary ' illustrates by quotations from 
Barbour, Gavin Douglas, * Sir Eg;eir,' and 
Archbishop Hamiltoun's ' Catechisme ' of 
1551. That it signifies " already," and is 
distinct from the other " ellis " or " elles," 
which means else or otherwise, there seems to 
be no doubt whatever. All Jamieson' s 
examples support the distinction. Mr. 
Small in his edition of Gavin Douglas either 
ignored or discredited this specific meaning, 
for he gives it no place in his glossary. 
Douglas uses the word in his version of 
* ^Eneid ' iv. 135, where the poet describes 
Dido's waiting hunter : 

Hir fers steid stude stamping, reddy ellis, 
Rungeand the fomy goldin bitt jingling. 

It might, of course, be suggested that the 
word in this instance means " otherwise," 
or " apart from his rider " ; but it seems 
better to take it in the sense of the Latin 
jam, conveniently rendered in English as 
" already." 

Mr. Small glosses an example of " ellis " 
which occurs in Douglas's * Proloug of the 
First Buik of Eneados.' In this curiously 
critical and apologetic deliverance the 
translator makes it clear that he thinks 
liimself unworthy to stand English sponsor 
for Virgil, but he reflects that at least one 
predecessor has made a disgraceful show, 
and he concludes that he is warranted in 
offering his experiment. Then he brings the 
matter to an issue in this wise : 

Thocht sum wald sweir that I the text haue vareit, 
Or that I haue this volume quyte myscareit, 
Or threip planlie that I <?om neuer neir hand it, 
Or that the werk is wers than evir I fand it, 
Or 3 it argew Virgile stuide wele befoir, 
As now war tyme to schift the wers ouer scoir ; 
Ellis haue I said, thair ma be na compair 
JBetwixt his versis and my style wlgair. 

In his glossary Mr. Small says that 
" ellis " in this passage is the A.-S. elles, 
and means " else." In view of what pre- 
cedes, the interpretation " already " seems 
preferable. The translator introduces him- 
self by saying that instead of attempting to 
counterfeit the precious words of " mast 
reuerend Virgill," he is disposed to kneel 



when he hears them, and then he strenu- 
ously proceeds as follows : 

For quhat compair betuix midday and nycht^ 
Or quhat compare betuix myrknes and lycht, 
Or quhat compare is betuix blak and quhyte, 
Far gretar diference betuix my blunt endyte 
And thi scharp sugurat sang Virgiliane, 
Sa wyslie wrocht with neuir ane word in vane, 
My waverand wit, my cunnyng feble at all, 
My mynd mysty, thir ma nocht myss ane fall. 

All this and more shows the exponent's 
ostensible attitude, and gives warrant for 
his later statement, " Ellis [i.e. already] 
haue I said." 

Jamieson's commentary on " Ellis, al- 
ready," runs thus : 

" There is no evidence that A.-S. ealles was ever 
used in this sense. Nor have I observed any 
cognate term ; unless we view this as originally 
Moes.-G. allis, A.-S. eallis, omnino (plenarie, 
Benson), used obliquely. The phrase in Virg. 
reddy ellis, if thus resolved, would signify ' coin- 
pleatly ready.' It merits consideration, that this 
is evidently analogous to the formation of the 
E. synom. already, q. omnino paratum." 

THOMAS BAYNE. 

LONGFELLOW ON DTJFRESNY. In Long- 
fellow's ' Hyperion ' occurs the following : 

" ' After all,' said Flemming, with a sigh, 
' poverty is not a crime.' ' But something 
worse,' interrupted the Baron ; ' as Dufresny 
said when he married his laundress, because he 
could not pay her bill. He was the author, as 
you know, of the opera ' Lot,' at whose representa- 
tion the great pun was made. I say the great 
pun, as we say the great Tun of Heidelberg. As 
one of the performers was singing the line, 
' V amour a vaincu Loth* (vingt culottes), a voice 
from the pit cried out ' Qu'il en donne une li 
fauteur / ' " 

A few days after the publication in The 
Gentleman's Magazine (March, 1895) of my 
article ' Moliere on the Stage,' describing the 
numerous plays founded on incidents of the 
great French dramatist's life, I received a 
letter from a former contributor to ' N. & Q.,' 
the late Dr. Paul Q. Karkeek of Torquay, 
asking me for information about Dufresny 's 
opera. He said he had been trying for years 
to obtain a copy of the work mentioned by 
Longfellow, but had not been successful. I 
had never heard of such a work, and it is 
certainly not in any of the editions of 
Dufresny's collected plays. The only play 
of Dufresny's bearing some resemblance to 
the title of ' Lot,' I could suggest, was * Le 
Lot suppos6 ; ou, La Coquette de Village ' ; 
but it is a comedy, and there are no songs of 
any kind in it. There is no mention of a 
play or opera called ' Lot ' in the 'Anecdotes 
dramatiques (contenant le Titre de toutes 
nos Pieces de Theatre, depuis 1'origine des 



us. m. JAN. u, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



27 



Spectacles en France),' the best compilation 
of the kind published in the eighteenth 
century ; and it has no place among the 
operas in Flix Clement's * Dictionnaire des 
Operas,' issued near the end of the nine- 
teenth century. 

In October of the same year I went over to 
Paris for a few days, and met the late M. 
Victorien Sardou at the Cafe" Tortoni, on the 
Boulevard des Italiens, after he had been 
attending a rehearsal of a new play at one 
of the theatres close by. In the course of 
our conversation I mentioned to him the 
passage in Longfellow's ' Hyperion.' M. 
Sardou smiled, and said he had been asked 
the same question by many American 
visitors who had been introduced to him, 
and he had received several letters on the 
subject from unknown admirers in the 
United States. He had come to the con- 
clusion that it was one of the few literary sins 
the charming American poet would have 
to answer for at the Day of Judgment. 

Perhaps some reader of ' N. & Q.' can give 
information about a work of Dufresny 
which has eluded the search of Dr. Karkeek, 
M. Sardou, and myself. It is true that 
Dufresny married as his second wife a 
laundress, and Le Sage has made this one 
of the incidents of his novel * Le Diable 
Boiteux.' Dufresny, however, was by no 
means the literary martyr one would suppose 
on reading Longfellow's ' Hyperion.' As 
the Abb6 de Castres said : "II avoit deux 
passions qui devoroinent tout, 1' amour de la 
table et celui des femmes." 

ANDBEW DE TEBNANT. 
25, Speenham Road, Brixton, S.W. 



WE must request corresp9ndents desiring in- 
formation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 



SOPHIE DAWES, BABONNE DE FEUCHEBES 
Will some correspondent refer me to the 
fullest account of the life of this notorious 
person before she met the Due de Bourbon, 
and after his death when she returned to 
England ? I already have a full account 
of her extraordinary life in France, and I am 
most anxious to get more particulars of her 
English career, parentage, childhood, and 
her life in Hants and in London on her 
return to England. The ' D.N.B.' states 
that she died in Hyde Park Square, 2 Janu- 
ary, 1841, and that she had also a house in 



Hampshire. I should like to know where 
she lived in that county. From documents 
in Somerset House I find that she died at 
Great Cumberland Street on 15 December, 
1840. It is known that Baron Gerard 
painted two portraits of her in 1829 and 
1830. I much wish to trace these portraits, 
and any other portrait of her, if such exists. 
She was born in St. Helens, Isle of Wight, 
the year being variously stated as 1785, 
1790, and 1792. Letters of administration 
were granted in February, 1843, to James 
Daw or Dawes of St. Helen's, Isle of Wight, 
Mary Ann Clark of 5, Hyde Park Square, 
and Charlotte Thanaron, resident in 
France, her brother and sisters, who in- 
herited most of her great wealth. Is any- 
thing known of them or their descendants ? 

JOHN LANE. 

Miss WYKEHAM, BABONESS WENMAN. 
Can any reader direct my attention to the 
best account of Miss Wykeham, to whom the 
Duke of Clarence is said to have proposed so 
many times ? 

Sophia Elizabeth was the only child of 
William Richard Wykeham of Swalcliffe. 
She inherited from her grandmother (Hon. 
Sophia Wenman) all Lord Wenman's 
estates in Oxfordshire, including Thame 
Park. The Duke of Clarence afterwards 
William IV. was reported to have proposed 
to her in 1818. He subsequently created 
her Baroness Wenman, 3 June, 1834. She 
died unmarried 9 August, 1870. 

I should also like to know who her repre- 
sentatives are, and if there is any portrait 
of her in existence ; one would like to see 
the portrait of the lady who so persistently 
refused to be Queen of England. 

JOHN LANE. 

Vigo Street, W. 

ALDEBMAN WILCOX. Who was this ? 
Mr. Seccombe in his article on Titus Oates 
in ' Diet. Nat. Biog.' (xli. 300) writes of 
" a dinner given by Alderman Wilcox in 
the city in the summer of 1680," at which 
Oates and Tonge " disputed their respective 
claims to the proprietorship of the plot." 

It is certain that no person named Wilcox 
has ever been elected an Alderman of Lon- 
don, at any rate since the end of the thir- 
teenth century, nor is such a name preserved 
amongst those returned to the Court of 
Aldermen by the wards for the Court's 
final choice. I imagine the person referred 
to must have been the " John Wilcox, 
brewer," elected Sheiiff of London on 
28 July, 1673, who " fined off " immediately, 



NOTES AND QUERIES. ,[u s. in. JAN. u, mi. 



a successor being chosen on 1 August (City 
Records, Journal 47, fo. 284). Can any 
reader of ' N. & Q.' tell me anything more 
about him ? ALFRED B. BEAVEN. 

Greyfriars, Leamington. 

BENJAMIN D' ISRAELI OF DUBLIN. What 
relation was Benjamin D' Israeli of the city 
of Dublin, notary public about the end of 
the eighteenth century, to Lord Beacons - 
field, and what is known of his career ? I 
believe he left money to some Irish charities. 

J. T. 

Dublin. 

TEESDALE LEGION. Can any of your 
readers assist me to find particulars about 
a volunteer corps called the Teesdale Legion ? 
It existed in the south of co. Durham 
some time during the latter part of the 
eighteenth century or the first few years of 
the nineteenth. W. L. VANE. 

Thornfield, Darlington. 

CAPT. WITH AM AND THE SIEGE OF GIBRAL- 
TAR. In 'England's Artillerymen,' by 
J. A. Browne, published in 1865, the follow- 
ing passage occurs in reference to the sortie 
of the garrison in November, 1781, during the 
great siege of Gibraltar : 

" Two Spanish Officers were taken prisoners. 
One, a Lieutenant, was taken in the middle of the 
battery by Capt. Witham, of the Royal Artillery, 
who commanded the detachment of the Corps 
out upon this service. The Spanish Officer was 
armed with a drawn sword, when Capt. Witham, 
with a fire-brand only in his hand, -seized him 
by the sword arm, and in Spanish demanded the 
key of the magazine of that battery. The Lieu- 
tenant, Don Vincente Friza, replied, ' Todo es 
Bombas ' (the whole is a magazine), and gave 
up his sword." 

Can any one give the authority for this 
story ? The author of the book does not 
remember from what source he obtained it. 
The present representatives of the Witham 
family possess a seal with the motto " Todo 
es Bombas " upon it, which confirms the 
existence of the story. 

Ancell and Spilsbury refer to the incident, 
but no one else, as far as I know, mentions 
the " Todo es bombas " part of the story. 
Bomba means a " shell." J. H. LESLIE. 

Dykes Hall, Sheffield. 

GRANGE COURT, ST. CLEMENT DANES. 
Can any one tell me if there is a record or 
list of the solicitors who lived in the above 
court between 1730 and 1750 ? Information 
is wanted about Edmund Combe, de- 
scribed as of Grange Court, and Hartley 
- Wintney, Hants. T. R. M. 



THACKERAY AND PUGILISM. The article 
on * Pugilism ' in ' Chambers' s Encyclo- 
paedia,' 1901, vol. viii. p. 486, says*. 
' Thackeray .... devoted one of his ' Round- 
about Papers ' to the fight between Sayers 
and Heenan." Where did this originally 
appear ? Has it been reprinted ? 

Also, in Temple Bar for January, 1864, 
under the heading of ' The Millers and their 
Men ' appeared a most racily - written 
account of the fight between Heenan and 
Tom King, signed "P." I should be glad 
to know the author's name, and if he wrote 
any more * Idylls of the Ring.' H. P. 

[See Mr. Lewis Melville's useful ' Bibliography ' 
in his ' Thackeray : a Biography ' (Lane, 1909). 
The account desired is No. 1062 in the list: 
" Roundabout Papers. V. On Some Late Great 
Victories. With an Illustration. Cornhill Maga- 
zine, June, 1860 ; vol. i. pp. 755-60."] 

THACKERAY AND THE STAGE. About 
twenty years ago Mr. Chas. P. Johnson said 
in The Athenaeum that he had acquired a 
playbill of a piece called ' Jeames, the Rail- 
road Footman of Berkeley Square,' which 
was produced at the Theatre Royal, Liver, 
Church Street (Liverpool), 13 July, 1846. 
I shall be glad if any one will put me in 
communication with Mr. Johnson if he is 
still alive. S. J. ADAIR FITZ-GERALD. 

8, Lancaster Road, Bowes Park, N. 

THOMAS JAMES THACKERAY. This rather 
versatile writer and adapter of plays seems 
to have " flourished " between 1826 and 
1854. Two of his plays are ' The Barber 
Baron,' from the French (through the Ger- 
man), Theatre Royal, Haymarket, 8 Sep- 
tember, 1828, and ' The Force of Nature/ 
same theatre, 4 August, 1830. He also 
wrote and lectured about rifle shooting. 
The ' D.N.B.' is silent as to his career. 
Was he in any way related to W. M. Thacke- 
ray ? S. J. A. F. 

"OR. GOLDSMITH, B.A." I have before 
me a copy of ' The Canterbury Tales of 
Chaucer, to which are added an Essay upon 
his Language,' &c. (by T. Tyrwhitt), pub- 
lished in 4 vols., small 8vo, by T. Payne, 
London, 1775. The title-pages of yols. i. 
and ii. respectively bear the following inscrip- 
tions in a contemporary clerkly hand (cer- 
tainly not that of the author of ' The 
Vicar of Wakefield'): vol. i., "the Gift 
of O r Goldsmith to Edw d . Bratt"; vol. ii., 
"The Gift of O. Goldsmith, B.A., to M r 
Edward Bratt." As Dr. Oliver Goldsmith 
died in April, 1774, it seems difficult to 
identify him with " O. Goldsmith, B.A." ; 



us. in. JAN. M, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



29 



but if not, who was the donor, and who 
was his friend Edward Bratt ? It has 
occurred to me that the first two volumes 
may have been published before the other 
two, early in 1774, but, it being foreseen that 
the work could not be completed until 1775, 
they were postdated. As the two inscrip- 
tions do not exactly correspond, the two 
volumes were not probably issued together. 
If this hypothesis be correct, the books may 
have been sent, and inscribed by the 
publisher, at the donor's request. 

Unfortunately, no entry of this edition 
of Chaucer is to be found in the Register of 
the Stationers' Company, so the actual date 
of publication cannot be ascertained ; but 
the work was noticed in Gent. Mag. for 
March, 1775. Can any of your readers help 
me to clear up these points ? 

J. S. ATTWOOD. 

Reading. 

MONTAGU GERHARD DRAKE was admitted 
on the foundation at Westminster School in 
1725, and died young. He is described in 
the parentelce of that year as the son of 
William Drake, " Abberburiae," co. Oxford. 
I should be glad to obtain further particulars 
of his parentage, and the date of his death. 

G. F. R. B. 

RICHARD HEYLIN was elected from West- 
minster School to Christ Church, Oxford, 
in 1644. I should be glad to ascertain 
anything about him. In the last edition 
of Welch's ' Alumni Westmonasterienses ' he 
is erroneously identified with Richard Heylin, 
Canon of Christ Church, who died 26 April, 
1669, aged 72. G. F. R. B. 

WILLIAM JOSEPH LOCKWOOD is stated in 
' Burke' s Landed Gentry ' to have been 
" shot blind by the mob at Westminster 
School," where he was admitted 1 Feb., 
1773. Where can any account of this 
occurrence be found ? I should be glad also 
to obtain the respective dates of his birth 
and death. G. F. R. B. 

THOMAS CORYAT AND WESTMINSTER 
SCHOOL. What ground has Mr. John W. 
Cousin for saying in * A Short Biographical 
Dictionary of English Literature ' (" Every- 
man's Library," 1910) that Coryat (1577- 
1617) was educated at Westminster and 
Oxford ? The ' D.N.B.' and the * Pub- 
lishers' Note ' to ' Coryat's Crudities ' 
(MacLehose & Son, 1905) both state that 
he entered Gloucester Hall, Oxford, in 1596, 
but are silent as to his earlier education. 

URLLAD. 



AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. 
Captives of his (or my) bow and spear. 

(Rev.) S. SLADEN. 
63, Ridgmount Gardens, W.C. 

" The penalty of not taking an interest in 
the Government you are under is to live under the 
government of bad men." 

Quoted in 'The Citizen's Handbook,' 

prepared by a Committee of the Enfield 
Public Welfare Association. 

T. F. HUSBAND. 

" TEETOTAL " : EARLY USE. (See 8 S. 
xi. 384; xii. 74, 154.) Mr. F. W. Cornish 
writes in his * English Church in the Nine- 
teenth Century' (1910: at II. v. 97): 

" In February, 1830, the ' Bradford Society for 
Promoting Temperance,' the first society to which 
the name ' Teetotal ' (i.e. ' total ') was given, was 
founded by Henry Forbes." 

Can information be given as to when Dicky 
Turner's word migrated to Yorkshire in this 
way ? Q. V. 

HACKNEY AND TOM HOOD. In a very 
amusing letter of Tom Hood's (quoted in 
Walter Jerrold's biography), the poet 
describes his adventures in Hackney. He 
had been invited to a ball, and just when 
(as he humorously parodies Sir Walter, I 
think) 

Hackney had gathered then 
Her beauty and her chivalry all bright, 
And there were well-dressed women and brave men, 

a chimneystack was blown down and hurled 
through the house, which stood close to a 
private asylum. Can any one identify the 
persons and the locality for us ? Who was 
proprietor of the madhouse ? 

M. L. R. BRESLAR. 
Percy House, South Hackney. 

Miss PASTRANA. In a foreign dealer's 
recent catalogue I find this once famous 
lady described as " Miss Julia Pastrana, the 
well-known bearded Mexican danseuse. 
Middle of last century." Were there two 
ladies of that name and fame ? I dis- 
tinctly remember having seen as a small boy 
an exceedingly ugly, monkey-like creature, 
but she performed in a circus on a regula- 
tion " paste-board " strapped on the back 
of the usual plump grey cob, and jumped 
through hoops, over ribbons, &c. 

L. L. K. 

LADY ELIZABETH PRESTON, FIRST 
DUCHESS OF ORMONDE. I should be grateful 
for information of any existing portrait 
of this lady, who is frequently mentioned by 



30 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. u, 1911. 



Lady Fanshawe in her memoirs. Lord 
Ormonde has informed me that there is no 
picture of her in his possession, and I have 
been unable to trace one anywhere else. 

H. C. FANSHAWE. 
72, Philbeach Gardens, S.W. 

COUNTY COATS OF ARMS : ARMS OF Co. 
SOMERSET. Would any reader who is 
interested in heraldry inform me whether 
each county in England possesses a coat of 
arms, and what the arms of the county of 
Somerset are ? BLADUD. 

[County badges were discussed at length at 
7 S. i., ii., iii., and viii.] 

CORONER OF THE VERGE. When was this 
royal office abolished, and what were the 
duties attached to it ? I do not find it 
mentioned in John Chamberlayne's * Present 
State of Britain,' 1723 ; but in Cowel's 

* Interpreter ' it is thus noticed, s.v. 

* Coroner ' : 

" Note, there be certain special Coroners within 
divers Liberties, as well as those ordinary Officers 
in every County, as the Coroner of the Verge, which 
is a certain compass about the King's Court, whom 
Cromp, in his * Jurisd.,' fol. 102, calleth the Coroner 
of the King's House, of whose Authority, see Co. 
Rep. fol. 4, lib, 46." 

I believe that a verge, as used in the royal 
household, was a stick or rod whereby a 
person was admitted tenant to a lord of the 
manor. In The Weekly Journal of 5 October, 
1723, is the following paragraph, illustrating 
perhaps a late usage of the office : 

" Mr. White, the present Coroner of the Verge of 
his Majesty's Houshold, is appointed, by the Dean 
and Chapter of Westminster, to be Coroner for that 
City and^ Liberty, in the Room of Mr. Turton, 

J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL. 

CROWE FAMILIES OF NORFOLK AND SUF- 
FOLK. Carthew's ' Hundred of Launditch ' 
contains a pedigree of Crowes from the 
fifteenth century to the eighteenth. Arms : 
a gyronny of eight sable and or ; on a chief 
of the first, two leopards' faces of the second 
(granted 1614). There was also a Suffolk 
family of the name who bore Gules, a 
chevron between three cocks arg. (granted 
1584). Information is desired in continua- 
tion of Carthew's pedigree, also generally 
about the Suffolk family. Are there any 
representatives of either now living ? 

There were two mayors of Norwich at the 
end of the eighteenth century, James and 
William Crowe of Lakenham, who bore the 
former arms. Can any reader tell me 
who they were ? W. ROBERTS CROW. 



POOR SOULS' LIGHT : 

" TOTENLATERNE." 

(US. ii. 448.) 

THE query by J. D. refers to a very interest- 
ing subject, on which there is plenty of litera- 
ture, with about fifteen theories of explana- 
tion, but no single one is satisfactory in every 
case. I have a large quantity of material, 
but I want what is often difficult, and in 
many cases impossible, to get evidence 
on certain points to elucidate a certain 
theory. In this respect J. D., while giving 
to me at all events something new, omits 
what is important evidence, probably from 
want of knowledge of the literature on the 
subject, which has engaged my attention 
for some years. 

Let me state my position as clearly as I 
can, not only as a help to J. D., but also to 
obtain evidence one way or the other as to 
my theory. . 

There are several peculiarities in ch urches, 
not only in Great Britain, but also on the 
Continent, and not confined to Protestant or 
Roman Catholic edifices, which I have 
treated as local manifestations of a general 
controlling principle. 

1. The axial line of the nave does not 
always coincide with that of the chancel, 
there being a greater or less deflection of the 
latter to north or south. There are four 
theories to account for this. 

2. There are certain perforations in the 
walls of churches, outer or inner, or both, 
which have been called Low Side Windows, 
though a few are High ; Leper Windows, 
Lychnoscopes, Hagioscopes, and the old 
English word Squint, which is more descrip- 
tive than any other, and commits us to no 
theory. They are mostly rectangular and 
narrow, but some are oval or round. Some 
are square with the wall, but generally they 
are aslant and splayed. They all have a 
common characteristic, whatever their shape 
or size or position their axial line points to 
the high altar. There are, as I have said, 
fifteen explanations of these openings, not 
one of which is satisfactory in every case. 
To these I have ventured to add another, 
and for it I am collecting evidence. My 
theory is that these openings are connected 
with orientation. To give full references 
would take half a number of * N. & Q.,' 
and to many readers they would be un- 



n s. in. JAN. 14, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



31 



necessary, the subject having been discussed 
in previous volumes. 

As a guide to J. D. and others, it may be 
permissible to say that for deflection of 
chancels, see 2 S. xi. 55 ; 10 S. viii. 392 ; 
Seroux d'Agincouit, ' History of Art by 
its Monuments,' vol. ii., pi. xiv., xvii. ; 
vol. iii. pi. xxvii., xcviii., cxxxiv., cliv. ; 
Lasham, * Three Surrey Churches,' pp. 88- 
109 ; Planche, * A Corner of Kent,' 
pp. 410-12 ; Atkinson, ' Memorials of Old 
Whitby,' pp. 104, 110, 124, 126, 129, 147-8, 
149-51. 

For the other points see 2 S. x. 68, 118, 
253, 312, 357, 393 ; xi. 34, 55, 412 ; 7 S. i. 
387, 435 ; vii. 251, 470 ; Arch. Journal, 
iii. 299, 308 ; iv. 314-26 ; The Reliquary, 
ix. 9-16 ; The Ecclesiologist, New Series, 
vii. 65-75, 101-2, 141-2; viii. 166-71, 
288-90, 374-5; ix. 113-17, 187-9, 252-3, 
348-52. 

It would assist materially if J. D. could 
supply a fuller description of the two 
churches he mentions, or give references to 
where descriptions can be obtained. For 
instance, according to a gazetteer I con- 
sulted, there are about a dozen Rothenburgs 
in Germany and Switzerland. 

A. RHODES. 

[We cannot afford space for the further dis- 
cussion of such a wide subject, but will forward 
any letters to MR. RHODES.] 

When I was visiting Garway Church in 
Herefordshire several years ago, an opening 
high up in the wall of the part connecting the 
church with the tower was pointed out to 
me as an example of a "poor souls' light." 

R. B R. 

South Shields. 

Father Thurston, S. J., in ' The Catholic 
Encyclopaedia,' iii. 507, writes : 

" A curious feature found in many churchyards 
from the twelfth to the fourteenth century, 
especially in France, is the so-called lanterne (fes 
worts, a stone erection sometimes 20 or 30 feet 
high, surmounted by a lantern, and presenting a 
general resemblance to a small lighthouse. The 
lantern seems to have been lighted only on certain 
feasts or vigils, and in particular on All Souls' 
Day. An altar is commonly found at the foot 
of the column. Various theories have been 
suggested to explain these remarkable objects, 
but no one of them can be considered satisfactory." 

One may compare the French and Italian 
custom of putting lighted candles on graves 
on All Souls' Eve. 

Mr. Leopold Wagner, in his ' Manners, 
Customs, and Observances,' p. 270, states 



that in the time of the Druids the ancient 
Irish prayed to Saman, the Lord of Death, in 
front of their lighted candles, for the souls 
of their departed relatives. Father Thurston 
in ' The Catholic Encyclopaedia,' iii. 247, 
says : "St. Cyprian in 258 was buried 
proelucentibus ceris" 

At the present day, at all solemn Requiem 
Masses, lighted tapers are held in the hands 
of some or all of those who assist, both among 
those who follow the Byzantine Rite and 
among those who follow the Latin. 

JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT. 

Mueller and Mothes in their (German) 
* Archaeological Dictionary,' s.v. ' Todten- 
leuchte,' quote the following passage from 
Petrus Venerabilis (died 1156) to explain the 
use of these lights : 

" Obtinet medium cimeterii locum structura 
qusedam lapidea, habens in summitate sua quanti- 
tatem unius lampadis coparum quse ob reverentiam 
fidelium ibi quiescentium totis noctibus fulgore 
suo locum ilium sacratum illustrat." 

According to the same authors, such 
lights were either burnt on isolated columns 
or in stone lamps attached to church walls. 
Examples of the former kind are still extant 
in France (12th century) and Germany (13th 
to 16th centuries). In Germany their use 
was abandoned about the latter date. 

Illustrations are given in the book of an 
isolated light in Freistadt (Upper Austria) 
dating from about A.D. 1488, and of an 
attached lantern against the wall of St. 
Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (A.D. 1502). 

Other examples mentioned are those at 
Schulpforta (13th century), Regensburg 
(Cathedral, 14th century), and Klosterneu- 
burg (A.D. 1381), the last being about 30 feet 
high. Others are to be found in Austria 
and Westphalia, but the localities are not 
given. 

Tapers and lamps are nowadays stUl burnt 
on graves in Roman Catholic cemeteries on 
the Continent, but only on one evening in 
the year, viz., on All Souls' Eve. L. L. K. 

In a very few remote Roman Catholic 
villages in Germany, e.g., in Westphalia, a 
" Totenlaterne " is lighted when a child 
dies. At the funeral the " Totenlaterne" is 
carried before the coffin to the graveside. 
When the burial service is over, the " Toten- 
laterne " is brought back to its place in the 
church and then extinguished. The Roman 
Catholic priest to whom I owe this informa- 
tion thought that nothing definite was 
known of the origin of this rare and almost 
forgotten rural usage. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. HI. JAN. u, 1911. 



A " Totenlaterne " is to be distinguished 
from an " Ewige Lampe." An " Ewige 
Lampe " is lighted and placed before the 
picture of a deceased near relation. The 
praying before the " Eternal Lamp " has 
the same object as the reading of masses for 
the souls of the departed, i.e., the hope of 
shortening the time the departed has to 
spend in Purgatory. H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 

In June last, when looking at some of the 
old tombstones in the cemetery of Linz, 
a picturesque little town on the Rhine near 
the Drachenfels, I noticed small lamps 
burning before some of the graves. 

J. R. THORNE. 



EARLY GRADUATION : GILBERT BTJRNET, 
JOHN BALFOUR (11 S. ii. 427). MR. P. J. 
ANDERSON, after instancing the case of a 
student who graduated at Aberdeen when 
just under thirteen years and six months 
old, asks whether that record can be broken. 
It can. A southern university has seen an 
example of still greater precocity. 

William Wotton of St. Catharine's College, 
Cambridge, afterwards Fellow of St. John's, 
who was born on 13 August, 1666, was 
" only twelve years and five months old 
when he commenced Bachelor in January " 
[1679] (' Hist, of St. Cath. College,' by Dr. 
G. Forrest Browne, Bishop of Bristol). 
Although at this early age a year one way or 
the other makes a real difference, there is 
some discrepancy among writers who have 
referred to Wotton' s juvenile success. J. H. 
Monk in his ' Life of Richard Bentley,' 
vol. i. p. 10, 2nd ed., speaks of Wotton at the 
time of his degree as " a boy of thirteen." 
The ' D.N.B.' life of Bentley, by Sir Richard 
Jebb, says that Wotton " became a bachelor 
of arts at the age of fourteen." The pub- 
lished lists of ' Graduati Cantabrigienses ' 
from 1659 to 1787 and from 1659 to 1823 give 
1679 as the year in which Bentley as well as 
Wotton graduated. Now Bentley, who as 
an undergraduate was Wotton's contem- 
porary, appears to have taken his degree 
on 23 January, 1680. Can January, 1679, 
when Wotton became a B. A., be the historical 
year 1680 ? In either case, it may be 
observed, Wotton was younger than John 
Balfour when he proceeded to his first 
degree. Nor was Wotton without distinction 
in later life. Sir H. Craik treats him with 
singular harshness in his ' Life of Jonathan 
.Swift,' 1882, p. 66: "He faded into a 
maturity of eccentric and licentious nonen- 



ity." Dr. Norman Moore in ' D.N.B.' 
^ives a far juster estimate. One piece of 
eccentricity at least should be remembered 
to his credit. An Englishman holding 
a benefice in Wales, Wotton learnt the 

anguage of ^ the country and published a 
Welsh sermon. EDWARD BENSLY. 

COLANI AND THE REFORMATION (US. ii. 

488). Though born in France, Timothee 
Colani (1824-88) received his" religious 
education in Germany, and subsequently 
settled at Geneva, where he assisted in the 
publication of a paper called La Reformation 
au dix-neuvieme Siecle. As a college thesis 
he had already written a vindication of 
Christianity against the views contained in 
Strauss's * Life of Jesus.' In 1850 he 
adopted the German critical method of 
inquiry, and with Scherer and other theo- 
logians founded the Revue de Theologie, 
which at once created a stir among French 
Protestants, and led to the formation of the 
Nouvelle Ecole, or liberal party in that 
Church, of which party Colani became the 
acknowledged leader. He undertook a 
vigorous campaign against religious despot- 
ism, publishing at different times several 
important tracts, besides writing critical 
articles on eclecticism and the philosophy of 
Leibnitz, Kant, and Hegel. 

As a preacher he suffered much from the 
attacks of the orthodox French Protestants. 
In 1864 he was appointed to the Chair of 
Theology at Strassburg ; but after the war of 
1870 he removed to Paris and devoted 
himself to literary pursuits, becoming 
Librarian of the Sorbonne. His other works 
include some volumes of sermons, a review 
of Renan's ' Vie de Jesus,' and in particular 
his own ' Jesus Christ et les croyances 
messianiques de son temps.' His religious 
opinions underwent material change at 
different stages of his career. For details 
see the articles in Brockhaus and Larousse. 

N. W. HILL. 

Timothee Colani' s ' Exposition critique 
sur la philosophie de la religion de Kant ' 
was printed as his thesis in 1846. His first 
two sermons, which appeared in 1856, were 
" L' Individualism^ Chretien ' and ' Le Sacer- 
doce Universel.' The ' Premier et Deuxieme 
Recueil ' of sermons in French, mostly 
delivered at Strasburg (but some of them 
at Nimes), were printed in 1860 in 2 vols., 
a copy of which I have before me. They 
were translated, with the author's sanction, 
by A. V. Richard into German, and printed 
at Dresden, under the title ' Predigten in 



n s. in. JAN. 14, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Strassburg gehalten,' as well as his " Zwei 
Vortrage iiber das allgemeine Priestertum 
und die Protestantische Erziehung, aus dem 
Franzosischen nach der 2 Aufl. iibersetzt 
von Aug. Vicfc. Richard," Dresden, 1858. 

H. KREBS. 

See L. B. Phillips's 'Dictionary of Bio- 
graphical Reference.' EDWARD BENSLY. 

HENRY OF NAVARRE AND THE THREE- 
HANDLED CUP (US. ii. 408, 457). In the 
Suermondt Museum in Aachen are two 
specimens of Raeren pottery made before 
the birth of the Emperor Charles V. in 1500, 
or at any rate during his childhood. As 
both of these are three-handled, and as the 
Raeren usage of making cups, or rather jugs 
(Kriige), with three handles, is certainly 
older than the existing specimens of 
Steinzeug, it would seem that the story 
about Charles V. and the three-handled 
cup quoted by MR. HOWARD PEARSON from 
Mr. Solon's ' Art Stoneware ' is a popular 
attempt at explaining the origin of this 
peculiarity of the " Raerener Steinzeug." 
Steinzeug, for which there is no English word, 
is a kind of stoneware, but made of a much 
harder clay which cannot be melted. The 
two objects made of Steinzeug older than 
Charles V. are : 

1. A three-handled jug with bearded faces 
between each of the three handles. This 
Raeren jug is certainly not later than 1500. 
Its great age may be seen by its rough make 
and its awkward form. Besides the speci- 
men in the Aachen Museum, there is one 
exactly like it in the Cologne Museum, which 
may be seen in Otto von Falke's excellent 
book on * Das rheinische Steinzeug,' vol. ii. 
p. 4. 

2. A funnel-shaped brown cup with three 
small handles. There is another specimen 
of the same pattern in the Hetjens Collec- 
tion described in Falke's work, vol. ii. p. 5. 

In the Suermondt Museum are three other 
three-handled jugs, good specimens of Raeren 
pottery, but of later date than the two 
mentioned above. These jugs made of 
Steinzeug are : 1. Three-handled jug of the 
first half of the sixteenth century. 2. Three - 
handled jug of the second half of the six- 
teenth century. 3. Three-handled jug dated 
1596, with grey glazing. On it are the arms 
of Wilhelm von Nesselrode and of his wife 
Wilhelmine von Stadthagen. The family 
of Nesselrode is one of the oldest Rhenish 
families, and still exists. From the middle 
of the seventeenth century till the eighties 



of the nineteenth the Raeren potters pro- 
duced nothing of any value. 

Raeren (pronounced Raren, older form 
Roren) Was formerly in the Duchy of Lim- 
burg, and is now a village with about 4,000 
inhabitants in Rhenish Prussia. It consists 
of a lower and upper village, and lies between 
Aachen and Eupen, with both of which towns 
it is connected by an electric tramway. Here 
a peculiar kind of Low German is spoken, 
called " Raerener Platt," which is quite 
different from " Aachener Platt " or from 
" Eupener Platt." Although Raeren was 
formerly in the Duchy of Limburg, the 
" Raerener " have, partly for linguistic 
reasons, always looked upon themselves as 
Germans. The Raeren potters in order 
to make their wares more acceptable in the 
Low Countries, their chief customers, some- 
times used to put on their jugs Flemish in- 
scriptions, with which language they were 
not unacquainted. This fact led some 
writers to assume without warrant that 
the remaining inscriptions, which were in 
" Raerener Platt," were also Flemish. For 
this reason, and also because the first speci- 
mens of " Raerener Steinzeug " were sold in. 
the Low Countries, some writers have 
exaggerated the certainly very small Flemish 
influence in Raeren pottery and in Rhenish 
pottery as a whole, which also includes 
that of Cologne-Frechen, Siegburg, and 
Westerwald. H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 

GORDONS AT WESTMINSTER SCHOOL (US. 
ii. 389, 437). ' The Clerical Guide ' for 
1829, printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 
mentions four William Gordons, one of whom 
is in all probability the person G. F. R. B. is 
inquiring about. 

William Gordon, M.A. (No. 1), was the 
Prebendary of Offley's vicar in Lichfield 
Cathedral. 

No. 2 was appointed Rector of Spaxton, 
Somerset, in 1820, the patron of the living 
at that time being the Rev. Wm. Gordon. 

No. 3 was in 1789 appointed perpetual 
curate of Darlington by the Marquis of 
Cleveland. 

No. 4 became Rector of Speldhurst, Kent,, 
in 1816, the patron of the living being 
Robert Burgess, Esq. 

John Gordon was in 1825, according to 
The Clerical Guide ' for 1829, appointed 
to the Vicarage of Bierton, with Buckland 
Curacy and Stoke Mandeville Curacy, Bucks, 
by the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln ; and 
in 1827 to the Rectory of St. Antholin and 



34 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. in. JAN. u, ML 



St. John Baptist, Watling Street, London, 
by the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's. 
According to Lipscomb's ' History of Bucks,' 
published in 1847, he held the Bucks livings 
for two years only, his successor Thomas 
Smith, B.D., being appointed Vicar of 
Bierton, &c., in 1827. It does not mention 
how the living became vacant. The infor- 
mation in ' The Clerical Guide ' for 1829 was 
evidently not brought well up to date, 
although in an advertisement at the begin- 
ning of the work, dated 23 March, 1829, the 
proprietors offer their best acknowledgments 
to the numerous gentlemen who have sup- 
plied them with information of the changes 
and alterations that had taken place since 
the publication of the second edition. 

L. EL CHAMBEBS. 
. Amersham. 

SIB WALTER RALEIGH AND TOBACCO 
(US. ii. 489). See Arber's reprint of King 
James I.'s ' Counterblaste to Tobacco ' 
(pp. 81-94), where the whole story of the 
introduction of tobacco into England is told. 

The earliest known authority for the 
Raleigh story is The British Apollo, in the 
43rd number of the first volume of which 
(published 7 July, 1708) it occurs. The 
story had previously been told of Tarleton 
and an anonymous Welshman. In their case 
the extinguisher employed was water in 
Raleigh's, ale. The British Mercury intro- 
duces the story by the statement that Raleigh 
was the first person who brought tobacco- 
smoking into use in England, which is not 
true. The probability is that, so far as he 
is concerned at any rate, the story is equally 
untrue. C. C. B. 

Small beer was the ingredient employed 
by Sir Walter Raleigh's servant to extinguish 
his master's apparently combustible ten- 
dencies. The story is said to have been a 
stock jest with Elizabethan and later dra- 
matists, and appears in various' guises. It is 
related in Adams's ' Elegant Anecdotes and 
Bons-Mots,' London, 1790, p. 113. 

W. SCOTT. 

* YOUNG FOLKS' (11 S. ii. 450, 511). 
It is extremely interesting bo find this publi- 
cation being so pleasantly recalled by many. 
I have a specially kindly recollection of it 
in respect that it was the first periodical 
that, as a small boy, I bought, in 1873, and 
continued to buy for some years. It was 
then the Young Folks Budget, and its 
special charm at that time lay in the ad- 
ventures of " Tim Pippin " and Princess 
Primrose, a story written by " Roland Quiz " 



(Richard Quittenton), illustrated with wood- 
cuts by John Proctor. The periodical is 
now very difficult to come by, for remark- 
ably few copies seem to have been preserved. 
Although I have tried to obtain it, I have 
been unsuccessful so far, and have had to be 
content with a reprint, which is different. 

R. L. Stevenson's connexion with the 
periodical was due to the late Alexander 
H. Japp, and has been set down once for all 
by Dr. Japp in his ' Robert Louis Stevenson : 
a Record, an Estimate, and a Memorial.' 
(The writing of the story is told by Steven- 
son himself in the section * My First Book,' in 
' Essays in the Art of Writing.') The story 
was written by Stevenson while he was 
resident at The Cottage, Braemar, in 1881. 
Japp visited him there, and carried off to 
London a portion of the manuscript of ' The 
Sea Cook ' (as the story was then named), 
and showed it to Henderson, proprietor of 
the Young Folks Budget not the Young 
Folks Paper, as Japp calls it, unless the 
name had been changed. 

The details of the matter are, of course, 
too weil known to call for further remark. 
It may not be so well known, however, that 
in June, 1910, a polished granite memorial 
slab was placed on The Cottage, Braemar, 
bearing the inscription : 

" Here K. L. Stevenson spent the summer of 
1881, and wrote ' Treasure Island,' his first great 
work." 

The credit of erecting this memorial of a 
character of which we have so few in this 
part of the country is due to the Braemar 
Mutual Improvement Association. The 
Cottage stands at the south end of what is 
known as Castleton Terrace, Braemar. 

G. M. FBASEB. 

Public Library, Aberdeen. 

Young Folks Paper, to give it its full name, 
continued to be published weekly till some 
time early in 1891, when it changed its 
appearance and name, and was continued 
under the title of Old and Young. Old and 
Young appeared till towards the end of 1896. 
The last number was dated either 24 or 31 
October in that year, its place being taken 
by Folks at Home, a paper which, under a 
different guise, contained most of the familiar 
features of Old and Young. Folks at 
Home died in the spring of 1897, and had no 
successor. G. L. APPEBSON. 

ITINEBANT TAILOBS (US. ii. 505). I well 
remember one. of these who, sixty odd years 
ago, came to " our house," mended up my 
father's clothes, made two or three " pairs 
of gaiters," and cut out from cloth bought 



ii s. in. JAN. u, i9ii.i NOTES AND QUERIES. 



in Derby a couple of suits for him, taking 
to do it the best part of a week. We had 
him seated on a big table in the kitchen-place, 
and as he went on a good eye was kept on 
" the cabbage " he made, for it was an article 
of faith with all that the tailor "cabbaged" 
all that he possibly could. There was not a 
village which could support a tailor. 

It was different with the cobbler, one being 
able to do all that was needful in patching, 
soleing, and heeling, as well as making for 
a couple of villages. Women needed but 
little " in shoe and leather," for all rough 
work, indoor and outdoor, was done in 
pattens, which a handy cobbler made, all 
but tlie ring - irons fastened to the wooden 
sole, 

The itinerant tailor went to most of the 
farmhouses. The women folk helped each 
other to make their own clothes, but there 
was a dressmaker who cut out, and made 
bonnets. Most women made their own 
caps-. THOS. RATCLIFFE. 

WESTMINSTER CHIMES (11 S. ii. 509). The 
Westminster chimes are, subject to a more 
or less different arrangement of the notes, so 
much like many other chimes that it seems 
rather open to doubt whether they were in 
fact arranged to an ancient hymn-notation. 
The words attributed to them I have long 
understood to be 

Lord, through this hour 
Be thou our Guide. 
For by thy power 
No foot shall slide. 

D. O. 

' WALRUS AND THE CARPENTER ' PARODY : 
"SACKBUT" (11 S. ii. 469, 496). I may 
perhaps be permitted to record an anony- 
mous witticism recalled to me by the men- 
tion of the sackbut. 

When I was at Oxford ten years ago, the 
vogue of " ping-pong " was at its height, 
and in many a college room the game was 
kept up till far into the night, to the no 
small annoyance of those who desired either 
to sleep or to work. The nuisance became 
so pronounced that at length the Dean of a 
certain college affixed to the notice-board an 
intimation to the effect that " In future 
ping-pong will be considered as a piano, and 
is therefore prohibited after 11 P.M." (pianos 
were prohibited after that hour). The 
following day appeared beneath the official 
edict the following parody : "In future the 
buttery cat will be considered as a sackbut, 
is therefore prohibited at all hourV 

H. 4, B. 



KNOTS IN HANDKERCHIEFS : INDIAN CUS- 
TOM (US. ii. 506). This custom is supposed 
to have had its origin in the shoe-string 
(or boot-lace), corrigia, suspended from 
charters, in which the subscribing party 
made a knot. J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL. 

CORPSE BLEEDING IN PRESENCE OF THE 

MURDERER (US. ii. 328, 390, 498). This 
superstition was not confined to the "vulgar." 
On 21 August, 1669, in a letter from Mr. 
Henshaw to Sir Robert Paston, there is the 
following item of news : 

" Monday I carried my wife and daughter to 
Greenwich to see the Granpois [grampus], 
which, though it was but a very little whale, is 
yet a very great fish ; the skin, like that of all 
Cetaceous animals, is like that of an eel's, and the 
flesh as white as a conger's ; the humours of his 
body, though he was dead, were in a brisk fer- 
mentation, and out of a hole where they struck 
the iron that killed him, there yested out blood 
and oil like barm out of a barrel of new ale. It 
put me in mind of some slain innocent which 
bleeds at the approach of his murderers ; but 
the stench was so uncouth that it was able to 
discompose my meditations." Hist. MSS. Com., 
Sixth Report, p. 367. 

The correspondent, Thomas Henshaw, 
was a barrister, and one of the first members 
of the Royal Society, and contributed several 
papers to the Philosophical Transactions ; 
he also edited Skinner's ' Etymologicon 
Linguae Anglicanse,' 1671. The recipient 
was likewise a member of the Royal Society, 
and considered " a person of great learning." 

A. RHODES. 

In John Timbs's book on * Predictions 
realized in Modern Times ' (London, 1880) 
is a note on ' Murder Wounds Bleeding 
Afresh ' (p. 58). Timbs quotes Dray ton's 
lines on this subject : 
If the vile actors of the heinous deed 
Near the dead body happily be brought, 
Oft 't hath been proved the breathless corpse will 
bleed. 

The popular belief existed in Scotland as 
late as 1668, and was referred to with 
approval by a Crown counsel, Sir George 
Mackenzie, in a speech made at the trial of 
Philip Standsfield. H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 

ARTEPHIUS, * DE CHARACTERIBUS PLANE- 
TARUM ' (11 S. ii. 407). Is there any trust- 
worthy evidence that this book has ever 
been written or published ? The same 
author's ' Clavis Majoris Sapientiso ' ap- 
peared among the ' Opuscula qusedam 
Chemica ' at Frankfurt, 1614. Copies of 
this are in the British Museum and the Biblio- 
theque Nationale in Paris. 



36 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. in. JAN. u, wn. 



The querist should try Messrs. Joseph Baer 
& Co., booksellers, Hochstrasse 6, Frankfurt 
a. M., who as a matter of course make 
Frankfurt prints a speciality. L. L. K. 

Watt mentions a number of books by 
Artephius, but the ' De Characteribus Plane- 
tarum ' does not appear among them. A 
single book by Artephius is included in the 
Edinburgh Advocates' Library. The cata- 
logue spells the name " Artefius." I am 
inclined to believe that no copy of * De 
Characteribus Planetarum ' can be found 
in this country. Perhaps Germany, in and 
around Frankfort, would be the most likely 
place to look for it. SCOTUS. 

ELEPHANT AND CASTLE IN HERALDRY 
(11 S. i. 608; ii. 36, 115, 231, 353, 398). 
In ' La France Metallique,' by Jacques 
de Bie, Paris, 1634, the elephant occurs once, 
namely, on the reverse of a medal of Henri 
III. dated 1575 (plate 74). The motto is 
" Placidis parcit." According to the * Ex- 
plication,' p. 220, the elephant, passing 
through the fields, where are some sheep, 
turns up his trunk, to show that he has no 
intention of hurting them, while he treads on 
a serpent, which appears to have glided 
under his belly to hurt him. The interpreta- 
tion is the clemency of the king towards 
his dutiful subjects, and his severity towards 
those who rebel against his commands. The 
elephant has no castle or any trappings 
whatever. 

Mrs. Bury Palliser in her ' Historic Devices, 
Badges, and War-Cries,' 1870, gives the 
elephant as the device of the Caracciolo 
family of Naples ; of the Malatesta family ; of 
Rodolph, Duke of Swabia (motto " Vi parva 
non invertitur " ) ; the elephant adoring the 
moon, of Caracciolo, Marquis of Vico (motto 
" Numen regemque salutant "} ; of Camillo 
Caula, a captain of Modena (motto " Pietas 
Deo nos conciliat"); of Giustiniani Salim- 
bene (motto "Sic ardua peto ") ; the 
elephant and broken tree, of Gio. Batt. 
Giustiniani, Cardinal of Venice (motto 
" Dum stetit ") ; the elephant and dragon, 
of Sinibaldo and Ottoboni Fieschi (motto 
" Non vos alabareis," Spanish, " You will 
not exult over us " see p. 103) ; the 
elephant crushing flies, of Sisenando, King 
of the Goths (motto " Al mejor que puedo ") ; 
the elephant throwing his teeth to the 
hunters, of Count Clement Pietra (motto 
" Lasciai di me la miglior parte a dietro ") ; 
the elephant walking through a flock of 
sheep, of PhiUbert Emmanuel, Duke of 



Savoy (motto " Infestus infestis"). See 
Index, p. 421, and the pages referred to. 

As to the Malatesta family Mrs. Palliser 
says (p. 159) : 

" The sovereign lords of Rimini and of a great 
part of Romagna had for their device an elephant, 
allusive, perhaps, to the bones of Hannibal's 
elephants, said to have been found at the Forli 
pass, near Fossombrone and Fano, of which they 
were lords." 

She speaks of an elephant, not an ele- 
phant's head. In no instance does she 
mention a castle on the elephant. 

ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

As a symbol this subject appears to extend 
back well over three centuries or more. 
In ' Hycke-Scorner,' a black-letter morality 
of the earlier part of the sixteenth century, 
is a quaint woodcut of an elephant bearing 
a square turreted tower or castle. David 
Garrick's copy of this old morality was 
reprinted by Thomas Hawkins in his ' Origin 
of the English Drama,' 1773. 3 vols., and the 
illustration may be seen facing p. 72 in 
vol. i. The animal is depicted without 
harness or trappings. WM. JAGGARD. 

PUNS ON PAYNE (US. ii. 409, 453). The 
following lines written by Hugh Holland, 
whose mother was a Payne, may interest 
the querist if they are not already familiar 
to him : 

Yet griefe is by the surer side my brother, 
The child of Payne, and Payne was eke my mother, 
Who children had, the Ark had men as many ; 
Of which, myself except, now breathes not any ! 

G. F. R. B. 

THE BROWN SEX (11 S. ii. 505). The 
quotation from M. G. Lewis's ' Negro Life 
in the West Indies ' (London, 1845 edition, 
p. 25) is as follows : 

" It seems that, many years ago, an Admiral 
of the Red was superseded on the Jamaica 
station by an Admiral of the Blue ; and both of 
them gave balls at Kingston to the ' Brown 
Girls ' ; for the fair sex elsewhere are called the 
' Brown Girls ' in Jamaica." 

Elsewhere in Lewis's ' Journal ' " brown 
girl " is used in the ordinary sense of the 
term ; cp. " This morning a little brown 
girl made her appearance at breakfast, with 
an orange bough, to flap away the flies '" 
(b., p. 31). 

Lewis's ' Journal ' (12 December, 1815, 
p. 12) contains an interesting reference to 
' Werthers Leiden,' showing that the English 
translations were read as late as 1815 : 

" Little Jem Parsons [the cabin-boy] and his 
friend the black terrier came on deck, and sat 
themselves down on a gun-carriage, to read by the 



ii s. in. JAN. M, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



37 



light of the moon. I looked at the boy's book 
(the terrier, I suppose, read over the other's 
shoulder), and found that it was ' The Sorrows 
of Werter.' I asked him who had lent him such 
a book and whether it amused him ? He said 
that it had been made a present to him, and so he 
had read it almost through, for he had got to 
Werter's dying ; though to be sure he did not 
understand it all, nor like very much what he 
understood ; for he thought the man a great 
fool for killing himself for love. I told him I 
thought every man a great fool who killed him- 
self for love or for anything else ; but had he 
no other books but ' The Sorrows of Werter. ' 
O, dear yes, he said, he had a great many more." 

H. G. WARD. 
Aachen. 

FOBES'S MUSICAL ENVELOPE (11 S. ii. 508). 
There is a series of Fores' s Comic Envelopes 
in the Guildhall Library. There are nine 
varieties : Courting, Musical, Dancing, 
Racing, Shooting, Civic, Military, Christmas, 
and Coaching. W. B. GEBISH. 

BOHEMIAN MUSICAL FOLK-LOBE (11 S. 
ii. 485). Tripping over a stone indicates in 
Hungary the site of buried treasure or lost 
property. L. L. K. 

ALFIEBI IN ENGLAND (US. ii. 421, 532). 
May I add to my reply that the dates given 
in the ' Vita ' clearly show that the November 
when Alfieri left the Hague for England was 
in 1770. He left Turin in May, 1769. In the 
summer he was in Vienna ; at Berlin until 
November ; at Copenhagen in the winter. 
At the end of March he went to Stock- 
holm, in May to Petersburg, and thence to 
Berlin. He was at Spa in August and 
September, and from there went to the 
Hague. 

" Finer," in 1. 4 of the second paragraph 
of my reply, should be finir. 

J. F. ROTTON. 
Godalming. 

LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508). This 
lady is never named in the decorous pages of 
standard English histories. Even her 
husband the Marquis secures but the 
briefest notice, although his midnight ride 
to acquaint the late Queen Victoria with her 
accession to the throne surely deserved 
for him a better fate. Details of his wife's 
career will need to be looked for in the 
newspapers of the period or in the gossipy 
memoirs of social life published within the 
last few years. If I may be pardoned for 
naming works probably familiar, I would 
venture to mention the first three volumes of 
the ' Greville Journal ' ; Mrs. W. P. Byrne's 
* Gossip of the Century,' Ward & Downey, 



1892 ; Mary Frampton's ' Journal,' Sampson 
Low, 1885 ; and Jekyll's ' Correspondence,' 
edited by Bourke, Murray, 1894. 

W. S. S. 

BISHOP MICHAEL H. T. LUSCOMBE (US. 
ii. 349, 456). Since the reply at the latter 
reference I have seen a portrait of Bishop 
Luscombe. It is in the possession of the 
Rev. E. Killin Roberts, Rector of St. 
Andrew, Hertford, of which parish Lus- 
combe was formerly curate. I feel sure 
that MB. CANN HUGHES will obtain further 
information if he will communicate with 
Mr. Roberts. HENBY T. POLLABD. 

Hertford. 

"YOBKEB" (11 S. ii. 505). With all 
respect, I venture to differ from PBOF. 
SKEAT'S derivation of this word. I doubt 
if the prolific crop of new words referring to 
sport follows any scientific or known rules of 
philology. If they do, the derivation of 
" yorker " from yarker, "jerk," would 
certainly be at fault. In the first place, a 
jerk is expressly forbidden by the rules of 
cricket : "A ball must be bowled. If 
thrown or jerked, the umpire shall call 
' no ball.' ' No cricketer could therefore 
have applied the term " yarker " to a fairly 
bowled ball. 

A " yorker " is a ball which pitches close 
to the bat and passes underneath it, the 
batsman mistaking it for either a half- 
volley or a full pitch, and consequently 
failing to come down upon it. Till the sixties 
of the last century it was called a "tice," 
because it enticed a batsman to hit when he 
should not do so. In the sixties the word 
" yorker " was introduced, and the ball in 
question is now known by no other name. 
The permission and development of over- 
arm bowling may have had some influence 
on the cultivation of this most useful ball ; 
in any case, there seems no reason to doubt 
that its frequent use by a Yorkshire eleven 
gave it its present, name. 

The word undoubtedly came into vogue as a 
noun : the verb " to york " was introduced 
a good deal later. JOHN MUBBAY. 

50, Albemarle Street. W. 

Is there not some mistake in PBOF. SKEAT'S 
note ? I am no authority on cricket, but 
I know what a jerk is, and I am sure that 
neither jerking nor throwing the ball has 
ever been allowed. Londoner, Hollander, 
and in German Schweitzer are well known, 
and not derived from verbs. " Burgher," 
"crowder," "butcher," "hosier," "pot- 
walloper," "falconer," "potter," "barrister," 



38 



NOTES AND QUERIES. tii s. ni. JAN. u, mi. 



" horner," " coroner," " tinker," seem ex- 
amples of common words ending in -er, 
yet not derived from verbs. A saddler does 
not saddle horses, but makes saddles. Slang 
words e.g., a " wonner," " a goner," " a 
Peeler " seem to show that similar words 
are still in process of formation. 

T. WILSON. 
Harpenden. 

The labourers hereabouts refer to the 
straps which they generally wear outside 
their trousers, below the knee, as " Yorks." 
No one locally can give the reason for this 
name. JOHN T. PAGE. 

Long Itchington, Warwickshire. 

VISCOUNT OSSINGTON (11 S. ii. 508). 
If MB. T. H. MILLER will refer to the collected 
volumes of Once a Week, he will find in the 
number for February, 1872, a cartoon of 
Viscount Ossington, entitled ' Mr. Speaker ' 
full length, in wig and robes, and wearing a 
cocked hat. The portrait is understood 
to have been an excellent likeness, and might 
perhaps supply the lack of a photograph. 

W. SCOTT. 

"TENEDISH" (11 S. ii. 286, 354, 493). 
In reply to SIR JAMES MURRAY'S query, 
Mr. HODGKIN proposes (11 S. ii. 354) to 
regard the first syllable as Du. " tenne, tin," 
and shows by a quotation (1569) that such 
vessels were made of tin. I think this is 
probably the right route. The definition of 
tenedish (1688) as " a piece of Lead made like 
a Muscle shell, in which the black is kept 
moist to work withal," rather suggests a 
standish, e.g. " atramentarium, an Ink-horn 
or Standish, or thing to keep black colour in " 
(Gouldman, 1669). Standish, traditionally 
derived from " stand-dish," is quoted by 
Prof. Skeat for 1557. It seems to have been 
a common word in the seventeenth century 
(Florio, scrittoio ; Cotgrave, cabinet ; Holy- 
oak, atramentarium, &c.), and 'to have been 
popularly associated with stand (cf. ink- 
stand) and dish. I do not think it has any 
necessary connexion with either. It appears 
to have been the metal table inkpot which 
replaced the older portable inkhorn. Miege 
(1679) has "standish, un grand 6critoire, 
comme ceux qui sont faits d' Stain." Now 
O.F. estain could have given M.E. *stain, 
*sten, and, if introduced a second time after 
the disappearance of the -s-, *tain or *ten. 
The aphetic form tain, used of the tinfoil 
applied to the back of a mirror, has passed 
into E. (see ' N.E.D.,' s.v. tain). It seems 
possible that standish may be for *staindish, 
***tendish, influenced by stand, and that 



tenedish is a later doublet. Or the stan and 
tene may be cognate words which have 
arrived by different routes (cf. stank and 
tank). I do not know whether there has 
ever been an E. *stan, " tin," but L. stan- 
num is represented in some of the Celtic 
languages (see Skeat, s.v. tin). 

The second element may be dish? though 
the E. liking for the ending -ish (e.g., squeam- 
ish for older squeamous, rubbisA. for older 
robots) and the vagaries of popular ety- 
mology make it unlikely. I should guess- 
that both words may be due to some O.F. 
phrase such as " vase (or escritoire) en 
estain doux" Cotgrave has " estaim doux, 
the best kind of Tynne ; gotten in Corn- 
wall." The naming of an object from the 
metal of which it is composed is common, 
e.g., a brass, a copper, a pewter, a tin. 

ERNEST W^EEKLEY. 



The Romance of Bookselling: a History front the 
Earliest Titles to the Twentieth Century. By 
Frank A. Mumby. (Chapman & Hall. ) 

TRAVELLERS in the bypaths of literature will 
remember the incident recorded in ' Le Paradis des 
Gens de Lettres,' in which the writer is led by 
his celestial guide to the house from which the 
one-eyed publisher distributed with lavish hands 
twenty-pound notes as payment for a sheet of 
sixteen printed pages to the crowd of happy 
authors who thronged the garden of his mansion. 
By these generous gifts the publisher felt himself 
purged and absolved from any sin against the 
Light, and in this excellent volume Mr, Mumby 
has traced the steps which have led to this desir- 
able rapprochement between writer and publisher, 
and the means by which the dream of Asselineau 
has nearly approached fulfilment. 

It may be safely said that in the commercial 
world there is no class that merits more highly the 
confidence of the public than that which is 
engaged in the production of books. The pro- 
duction of books is necessarily allied with the 
production of literature, and in considering the 
history of bookselling, it is pleasant to recall the 
satisfactory relations that have usually existed 
between publisher and author. Pope may have 
occasionally satirized a bookseller, but his associa- 
tion with Lintot is entirely to the credit of both 
parties. Johnson corrected Osborne with a 
knock-down blow, but towards no one had he 
friendlier feelings than towards poor Tom Davies 
or that nonpareil of publishers, Robert Dodsley, 
In later times the name of Murray is inseparably 
woven with that of Byron ; and if the confidence 
which Scott tplaced in Constable and Ballantyne 
had unfortunate results, it was based upon the 
friendship that existed between them. In 
reading such a book as Mr. Muniby's, one's pre- 
dominant feeling is that if the bookseller has not 
exactly created a Paradise, he has done much 
to shed sunshine on the often dreary life of the 
professional author. 



ii s. m. JAN. 14, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



39 



In this fact perhaps lies the romance which Mr. 
Mumby finds in the history of " the Trade." 
If we refer to the great dictionary which ought 
to lie at the elbow of every literary man, we find 
that " romantic " connotes something in the way 
of chivalry and adventure. Chivalry may 
pertain more to the man than the bookseller, but 
the spirit of adventure cannot be wanting in those 
who daily launch their barks upon unknown seas. 
A really good history of these venturesome heroes 
has long been a desideratum, and Mr. Mumby 
within his limits has in a very meritorious manner 
attempted to fill the void. He would, however, have 
done better to call his book a ' History of Pub- 
lishing in England,' for beyond a general sketch of 
what he terms the " Beginnings of the Book 
World," the contents of the volume are almost 
wholly confined to an account of the London 
book-trade. The retail bookseller, to whom 
literature owes so much, is only seen dimly in the 
background ; and of the many eminent London 
and provincial representatives of that branch of 
the trade, only Mr. Quaritch and Messrs. Sotheran 
appear to be mentioned by name, and that per- 
haps more by virtue of their having published 
various works than in recognition of their high 
distinction as purveyors of ancient and modern 
learning. 

To deal with all branches of the'trade would be 
impossible in a book of reasonable size, but we 
feel some regret in finding no description of a very 
interesting offshoot from the parent trunk. One 
or two short sketches of the chapbook trade have 
been written, but the subject has never been 
thoroughly explored, though during the eigh- 
teenth century the only providers of literature 
in the remoter hamlets of the country were the 
" Walking " or " Travelling Stationers," who 
carried their wares from the printing presses in 
Aldermary Churchyard or Bow Churchyard, 
whence on one fine afternoon Boswell, who had 
been fired with the ambition of writing a story in 
the style of Jack the Giantkiller, carried off the 
splendid collection of chapbooks which is now 
housed in the Library of Harvard University. 
It is to these humble benefactors, and to their 
successors, such as Drewry of Derby and Dicey of 
Northampton, that we owe the preservation of the 
old Elizabethan legends, such as Tom Thumb and 
Tom Hickathrift, Jack Homer and Long Meg of 
Westminster, and they would seem to merit a 
slight niche in the memorial which is perhaps too 
much devoted to the aristocrats of the Trade. 

This, after all, is a minor matter, and it gives 
us pleasure to testify to the general value of the 
book, the wide range of information that it con 
veys, and the agreeable manner in which it is 
written. The few slips we have noticed are un- 
important. In referring to Swinburne's ' Atalanta 
in Calydon ' it might have been stated that though 
the title-pages of the first two editions are identical, 
the earlier is in quarto and the later in foolscap 
octavo, so that there is no possibility of confusion 
between the two. Moxon did not publish ' The 
Statue and the Bust ' and, it may be added, 
' Cleon ' till 1855, though, from Mr. Mumby's 
language on p. 304, it might be inferred that 
Browning's connexion with that publisher ceased 
on Messrs. Chapman & Hall issuing ' Christmas- 
Eve and Easter-Day ' in 1850 (there was then no 
question of a " collected edition " of Browning's 
works). 



A ' Bibliography of Publishing and Book- 
selling ' by Mr. W. H. Peet, reprinted, with addi- 
tions, from these columns, forms an Appendix to 
bhe book. This is excellent as far as it goes, but it 
oes only a very short distance. Foreign works on 
the subject are not included. ' Book-Prices Current ' 
finds a place, but not ' Book-Auction Records,' 
which often contains biographical and other- 
contributions on bookselling and booksellers. Big- 
more and Wyman's ' Bibliography of Printing,* 
though incidentally mentioned on p. 460, should 
have been inserted in the body of the work, as 
it contains hundreds of references to the book- 
producing trade, and also a capital biography 
of the late Bernard Quaritch, with an engraved 
portrait representing him as he was known to his 
friends and customers in the seventies and eighties 
Smith's ' Obituary ' (see p. 464) was not re- 
printed in Willis's Current Notes for February* 
1853 : there is only a short notice of the book* 
with a few extracts relating to booksellers and 
stationers. The Bibliography needs some revision,, 
and we trust that Mr. Peet will devote himself to 
its republication in a fuller and more eclectic f orm.. 

IN The National Review for January ' Episodes 
of the Month ' and ' Two Elections and a Moral * 
by Politicus deal frankly with the position of the 
Unionist party, the election which was recently 
concluded, and the results attained. It is 
not surprising to find that Mr. Balfour's introduc- 
tion of the Referendum at the last moment 
before the conflict began is described as a " painful 
blunder," and it is further stated that " under 
Mr. Balfour there is little or no hope of the- 
Unionist party regaining its influence in the 
State," as he is out of touch with the " man in the 
street." In 'Sea Law made in Germany* Miv 
H. W. Wilson considers Mr. T. G. Bowles's, 
recently published ' Sea Law and Sea Power,' 
and the official answers to its indictments. A 
main point in the discussion concerns British 
food-supplies in time of war, a subject of the 
gravest importance. Dr. Elizabeth Chesser says 
many things about ' The Health of the Nation ' 
which are doubtless true, but the- practical appli- 
cation of s\ich regulations as she suggests is the 
difficulty. Having given in the last number of 
the Revieiv a speech by Mr. Bonar Law, the editor 
now publishes one by Mr. Lloyd George delivered 
at the Paragon Music-Hall, Mile End, on 21 Nov. 
An account of the Portuguese Revolution follows, 
being regarded as ' Lloyd-Georgeism in Practice/ 
Most of the heroes of that outbreak are denounced 
as poltroons, and bribery and place-hunting are 
rampant. While it is not difficult to see the 
failures and ludicrous aspects of the Revolution, 
a view of the previous regime and its disastrous 
incompetence might be useful to give us a fair 
idea of the possibilities of the country and temper 
of the people. Lady Helen Graham's ' Impres- 
sions of Ober-Ammergau in 1910 ' form a pleasant 
but not very significant study in a sentimental 
vein. 

Mr. J. Arthur Hill's article on ' Christian 
Science ' should be read for its facts concerning 
Mrs. Eddy, but we do not like its tone. In 
' American Affairs ' Mr. A. Maurice Low tells us 
that a third term of Presidency for Mr. Roosevelt 
is now considered impossible ; and Aga Khan 
writes in a complimentary style concerning 
' Lord Minto's Viceroyalty.' 



40 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. J AX . u, mi. 



BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY. 

MR. FRANCIS EDWARDS'S Catalogue 306 contains 
under America ' Biologia Centrali -Americana,' 
edited by Godman and Salvin, section Archaeology 
by Maudsley, consisting of 1 vol. text, royal 4to, 
sewed, and 16 vols. of plates, oblong folio, boards, 
1889-1902, 24Z. Under ' Arabian Nights ' is 
Burton's edition, Benares, 1885-8, 16 vols., 281. 
Under Art and Architecture are a few books from 
the library of an architect. Under Blake are a 
series of facsimiles, folio, half-morocco, 1876, 
51. 5s. (one of a hundred copies for private circula- 
tion) ; also Gilchrist's Life, plates on India paper, 
2 vols., 1880, 31. 5s. Under Books is Sotheby's 
* Principia Typographical 3 vols., imperial 4 to, 
1858, 81. 10s. Under Bronte is the Rev. Patrick 
Bronte's ' Cottage Poems,' 1811, 7s. Qd. There 
are works under Charles I., Civil War, and Common- 
wealth. Under John Curtis is the author's own 
copy of his ' British Entomology,' with the com- 
plete series of the 770 original water-colour draw- 
ings, 105?. Publications of the Kelmscott Press 
inelude Swinburne's ' Atalanta ' and Morris's 
' Golden Legend.' Among works on London 
will be found Rocque's Plan, 1746, 51. 5s. ; 
Wheatley's ' London, Past and Present,' extended 
to 6 vols., half -morocco, 1891, 16Z. ; and Wilkin- 
son's ' Londina Illustrata,' large paper, an early 
And clean copy, 2 vols., folio, half -morocco, 1819, 
11. 10s. Books on Napoleon include the first 
edition of Combe, 1815, 12Z. ; and Ireland's Life, 
"with series of folding and other coloured plates 
by Cruikshank, 4 vols., full red levant, 1828, 351. 
Other items are Newman's Works, 33 vols., half- 
morocco, 1875-88, 61. 15s. ; and a good tall 
copy of the first edition of the Nuremberg Chro- 
nicle, old French morocco, the first pages slightly 
-wormed, containing the supplement De Samarcia, 
but only two blank leaves, 1493, 25Z. ; under 
Spenser is the first folio edition, 1611-13, title 
mounted, 51. 15s. 

Mr. Charles J. Sawyer's Catalogue of New 
Books at Half-Prices contains ' Don Quixote,' 
"Shelton's translation, with the 260 plates specially 
drawn for this edition by Daniel Vierge, 4 hand- 
some vols., 1907, 51. 5s. (edition limited to 155 
copies, and published at 151. net). There are 
many works suitable for presentation, including 
illustrated books such as ' The Three Musque- 
teers,' with 250 pictures by Leloir, 2 vols., imperial 
8vo, 11. 10s. ; and ' The Bible in Art,' 2 vols., 
15s. Qd. Other works are ' Religious Systems 
of the World,' 4s. Qd. ; Graetz's ' History'of the 
Jews,' 5 vols., 11. 15s. ; and Gibbs's ' Men and 
"Women of the French Revolution/ 28 full-page 
portraits, 4to, 17s. 6d. There are also works of 
travel, biographies, and volumes in all classes of 
literature. 

Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current 
710 contains a complete set of Ackermann's 
Repository, 40 vols., royal 8vo, half-russia, 1809- 
1828, very scarce, 65Z. Under Ainsworth is the 
large-type Library Edition, 16 vols., half-morocco, 
'81. 15s. There are works under Aldine Press, 
Alp-Lore, and America. There is a complete 
set of ' The Annual Register,' tree calf extra. 
Under Matthew Arnold is the Edition de Luxe, 
15 vols., half-levant by Riviere, 1903-4, 211. 
Under Bacon are Spedding's edition, 14 vols., 
new calf, 121. 12s. ; and Pickering's edition, 



edited by Basil Montagu, 17 vols., new morocco, 
1825, 22Z. 10s. There is a fine specimen of 
binding from the library of Henry VIII. Under 
Browning are first editions. Carlyle items include 
the Centenary Edition. Under Chaucer is the 
Clarendon Press edition ; and under China is 
Brinkley's ' Japan and China,' Library Edition, 
limited to 500 copies, 12 vols., half orange levant, 
1903-4, 18Z. 18s. There is a fine collection of 
coaching books, 20 vols., red levant by Riviere, 
1882-1905, 58Z. 10*. A long list under Dickens 
includes numerous first editions. Among many 
handsome sets are the works of. George Eliot, 
Edward FitzGerald, J. R. Green, Ben Jonson, 
Jesse, &c. The Catalogue also contains three 
rare copies of Chapman's ' Homer ' ; a number of 
works under India ; and a fine original set of 
Punch, with all the wrappers and advertisements, 
1841-1908, 135 vols., new half-morocco, 125L 
Under Shakespeare are copies of the Second and 
Third Folios. 

Mr. Albert Sutton's Manchester Catalogue 184 
contains first and early editions of Harrison Ains- 
worth ; also the Windsor Edition, 20 vols., 1901, 
4Z. 4s. Under Blake is the Life by Gilchrist, 
2 vols., 1880, 21. 10s. There is the first edition of 
* The Zincali,' and the second of ' The Bible in 
Spain.' The first edition of Brome's ' Horace,' 
morocco, 1666, is 4/. Under Coleridge is Cottle's 
' Recollections,' 2 vols., 1837, 12s. ; under 
Thomas Hardy, first editions of ' Tess ' and ' The 
Trumpet-Major ' ; under Lever, a collection of 
first editions, 10 vols., uniform half-calf, 1839-65, 
11. Is. ; under Marryat, first editions of ' Poor 
Jack ' and * The Pirate ; and under Punch a set 
of the original issue. There are some first editions 
of Thackeray, and the Library Edition, 22 vols., 
half -morocco, 1869, 11. 15s. The Satirist, or 
Monthly Meteor. 1808-12 (wanting vol. vi., &c.), is 
21. 2*. 

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.] 



to 



We must call special attention to the following 
notices : 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub- 
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E.G. 

To secure insertion of communications corre- 
spondents must observe the following rules. Let 
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate 
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and 
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer- 
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous 
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to 
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact 
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat 
queries are requested to head the second com- 
munication " Duplicate." 

P. F. STEPHENSON (" Pickwick : Through the 
button-hole ") See 10 S. i. 228. 272, 298. 

W. S. S. ("Peacock's Works "). Forwarded to 
querist. 



ii s. in. JAN. 21, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



41 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 21, 1911. 



CONTENTS.-No. 56. 

NOTES : Stained Glass in Essex Churches, 41 The 
" Bow- Wow" Style, 42 Prince of Monaco's Memoir, 43 
Edward Chaplin Anna Seward's Baptism Sybil, Queen 
of Scotland, 44- Geoffrey Pole " Carpet-bagger," 45 
" Musice mentis medicina maestse " Benjamin Bathurst 
Second Earl Spencer's Death Wedgewood Ware and 
Water-Carriage, 46 Alnwick : Walking through a Bog, 47. 

QUERIES : Bismarck, Miss Russel, and Miss Loraine 
Prior's Birthplace Thackeray's Last Words Bowles's 
'Hundred of Penwith'- Songs of the Peasantry, 47-' A 
Voice from the Bush 'American Words and Phrases 
'The Flying Dutchman' Authors Wanted Hartley 
Wintney, Hants, 48 Andrew Lang on the Odyssey 
Phips Family London Gunsmiths, 49. 

REPLIES : Speaker's Chair Gamnecourt : Barbara de 
Bierle, 50" Love me, love my dog," 51 Dr. Johnson in 
the Hunting Field, 52 Wet Hay Sir Lyonell Guest- 
Archbishop Cleaver W. Fitzgerald Rogerson Cotter- 
John Coston Nottingham Monastery not in Dugdale, 53 
Defoe Methodist Chapel, Tooting Rev. F. W. Faber 
Napoleon and the Little Red Man Count of the Holy 
Roman Empire, 54 Eminent Librarians Pauper's Badge 
C. F. Henningsen and Kossuth " Keep within Com- 
pass," 55" Old Cock o' Wax " Leake Family' Tit for 
Tat '" Winchester Quart "Moving Pictures to Cine- 
matographs, 56 Corn and Dishonesty R's of Sailors 
Authors Wanted Inscriptions in Churchyards, 57" God 
moves in a mysterious way " ' Pilgrim's Progress ' 
Imitated Isola Family" Caeqehouias," 58. 

NOTES ON BOOKS : ' Walks about Jerusalem.' 
Booksellers' Catalogues. 
OBITUARY : Nicolas Mory. 
Notices to Correspondents. 



STAINED AND PAINTED GLASS IN 
ESSEX CHURCHES. 
(See 11 S. ii. 361, 462.) 
I NOW propose to deal with 

THE LIBERTY OF HAVERING. 

Havering - atte - Bower (St. John Evan- 
gelist). None. 

Hornchurch (St. Andrew). The E. window 
of the N. aisle is filled with fragmentary 
old glass. In the centre is a Crucifixion, 
much mutilated. The upper part of the 
cross, and the arms, shoulders, and chest 
of the figure, are intact, but the head and 
neck and legs have gone. Where the head 
and neck were has been leaded a head of 
'St. Mary Magdalen, taken, no doubt, from 
the lower part of the cross ; while fragments 
of different kinds have been put in to fill the 
place of the legs. The effect is grotesque. 
Portions of the figure are distinguishable 
Among fragments of tabernacle work leaded 
together, in hopeless confusion, in different 
parts of the window, and it seems possible 



that a careful study of the fragments might 
enable one to reconstruct partially the cross 
and figure. 

On either side of the Crucifixion is a coat 
of arms in a circular border, both sadly 
mutilated ; while in the tracery is a half- 
length figure of St. Edward, King and Con- 
fessor, in grissille, with the left hand raised, 
probably (but the hand is much faded) 
holding up the ring which he gave to St. 
John when the Evangelist, in beggar's 
guise, asked of him alms as he was assisting 
at the dedication of St. John's Church at 
Havering. 

XL. St. Edward, K. and C. 

XLL, XLIL, XLIII. Fragments in 
tracery. 

XLIV. Side fillings of tracery lights. 

XLV. Arms in dexter main light : Arg., 
a fesse dancettee between 8 billets sa. 

XL VI. Crucifixion in central main light. 

XL VII. Arms in sinister main light : 
Parted per pale. Dexter, probably as in 
XLV., but, as the shield now stands, its 
dexter half consists of fragments of a fesse 
dancettee and two billets sa., some old 
pieces of tabernacle work, and a fragment, 
apparently, from another lost shield, chequee 
or and sa. Sinister, also much mutilated, 
but it clearly was originally Sa., a chevron 
or between 3 garbs arg. 

Romford (St. Edward, C.). None. 

A correspondent has kindly called my 
attention to an error at 1 1 S. ii. 361. Happily, 
Little Ilford Church is not without some 
remains of old glass ; for the eastern of two 
small circular eighteenth-century windows 
in the Lethieullier Chapel is filled with 
fragments of considerable interest (No. I* 
in my collection of drawings). 

When I visited the church, the Lethieullier 
Chapel, which is used as a vestry, was locked, 
and I was unfortunately content with a 
sight of its windows from the outside. The 
leadwork being modern, I, incautiously, con- 
cluded that the glass, too, was of a similar 
character. 

In the centre of the window to which I 
have referred is a shield showing the arms of 
England (ancient), viz., Quarterly, 1st and 
4th, France (ancient) ; 2nd and 3rd, Eng- 
land. Above the shield are remains of a 
small 16th-century painting, in brown 
enamel heightened with yellow stain, on 
a single sheet of glass, of the taking down 
of Our Lord from the cross. The drawing 
of this little picture is remarkably delicate, 
and it bears, in style and treatment, a strik- 



42 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911. 



ing resemblance to the medallion in Great 
Ilford Hospital Church referred to on p. 362 
as I h . Below the shield is what has been an 
oval piece of glass, but which, having been 
broken, is now in several pieces leaded 
together, whereon are the scarcely dis- 
cernible remains of a coat of arms, the 
blazon of which seems to read, Azure, on 
a chevron arg. 3 white roses, seeded and 
barbed ppr. between 3 garbs (perhaps fleurs- 
de-lis) or. Crest, a seated, or three-quarter, 
human figure or. Motto, "... .the truthe." 
A noticeable fact about this painting is that 
the brown outline and all the colours, except 
the yellow stain, have perished to such a 
degree that the design can only with diffi- 
culty be made out, and I am inclined to 
think that it is an example of 16th- or 17th- 
century varnish painting on glass, so far as 
the pigments other than the yellow stain, 
which is bright and clear, are concerned. 

On the dexter side of the central shield 
is the red rose of Lancaster, barbed ppr., 
with the white rose of York, seeded ppr., 
in pretence. Small fragments of a blue- 
and-yellow chaplet remain round the roses, 
while above the chaplet is a royal crown of 
four half-arches, with crosses patee and 
fleurs-de-lis on the circlet and a ball and 
cross on the top. On the sinister side of the 
shield is a red rose, seeded and barbed ppr., 
with blue-and-yellow chaplet, almost com- 
plete, encircling it, and above, a royal crown 
similar to, but larger, bolder in design, and 
with higher arches than, that over the other 
roses. 

All these compositions are set in fragments 
of 15th-century rectangular quarries and 
16th- and 17th-century heraldic mantling 
and scrollwork. Among these are pieces of 
a third royal crown, which perhaps formerly 
ensigned the arms of England. There are 
also fragments of quarries with the " crown 
in the thorn bush " badge of Henry VII. 
and his initials H.R. It may be surmised 
that the three principal features of this 
" jumble " window the royal arms and the 
roses were formerly set in quarries showing 
this badge. 

On another quarry is a heron, which may 
point to the existence, once on a time, in 
Little Ilford Church, of a window' set up by, 
or having some reference to, a member of 
the Heron family, which possessed the 
Manor of Aldersbrook in this parish in the 
days of Henry VIII. Aldersbrook had 
belonged to the Cistercian Abbey of Stratford 
Langthorne, and was granted by Henry to 
Sir John Heron, Master of his jewel house. 
The probability of a Heron window in the 



church is also strengthened by the fact 
that a brass to Thomas, son and heir to this- 
Sir John Heron, is on the north wall. The 
inscription below the figure, which is that of 
a youth in civilian dress, states that Thomas 
died in 1517, aged 14. 

I am much indebted to L. M. R. for his 
suggestions at 11 S. ii. 464. On the whole, 
of the two solutions which he suggests, I 
incline to that of Joab slaying Amasa. The 
foreground of the painting is open country 
trees, undergrowth, and broken ground 
very well answering to the description in 
2 Sam. xx. of the place where Amasa' s murder 
took place, but not so suggestive of the scene 
of Joab's slaying of Abner, " the middle of 
the gate " of Hebron. The treacherous 
slayer, too, in the picture is dressed after the 
manner mentioned in verse 8, and promin- 
ence is given to his sword scabbard, as in the 
Biblical account. On the other hand, it 
must be admitted that the murderer holds his 
sword (the blade of which is buried in his 
victim's right side) in his own right hand, 
and he is taking the older man's chin with 
his left hand. These slight differences, 
however, may be merely the effect of the 
artist's liberties with his subject. 

F. SYDNEY EDEN, 
May croft, Fy field Road, Walthamstow. 



THE "BOW-WOW" STYLE. 

MB. CURRY'S interesting article (11 S. iL 
522) has reminded me of the use of the 
familiar cry of the dog by serious writers. 
Max Miiller spoke of the extravagances of 
the school who favoured onomatopoeic 
explanations as " bow-wow words." This- 
was meant, of course, sarcastically, and the 
word generally connotes contempt and 
impudence rather than dignity or impressive - 
ness. But this is hardly so in three examples,, 
two of which are, I take it, derived from the 
earliest. Boswell in his ' Life of Johnson r 
(vol. ii. p. 326, ed. Birkbeck Hill) refers to 
his hero's mode of speaking as " indeed very 
impressive," and adds the note : 

" My noble friend Lord Pembroke said once to 
me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry and some 
truth, that ' Dr. Johnson's sayings would not 
appear as extraordinary, were it not for his botc- 
ivow way.' " 

This clearly represents, to quote Boswell 
again in the same passage, Johnson's " deli- 
berate and strong utterance." When he 
started barking, no one else had a chance 
to break in; it was a case of the "sort of 
men " mentioned by v Gratiano at the 



ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTP:S AND QUERIES. 



beginning of ' The Merchant of Venice,' who, 
when they do speak, seem to say, 

I am Sir Oracle, 

And when I ope my lips let no dog bark. 
The 'N.E.D.' gives a quotation of 1854 
which repeats this characterization of John- 
son, but not the passage itself. 

Now the mention of a big dog who silenced 
his companions or took a dignified lead in 
barking would give this meaning more 
clearly, and I find Scott in his pleasant way 
thus, perhaps, recalling the remark on John- 
son. He says ('Journal,' vol. i. p. 61, ed. 
1890) concerning the merits of some verses 
he wrote in 1825 to the tune of * Bonnie 
Dundee ' : 

" I wonder if they are good. Ah ! poor Will 
Krskine ! thou couldst and wouldst have told me. 
I must consult J. B., who is as honest as was W. E. 
But then, though he has good taste too, there is 
a little of Big Bow-wow about it." 

Again (i. 155), Scott praises Jane Austen's 
' Pride and Prejudice,' and adds : 

" That young lady had a talent for describing 
the involvements and feelings and characters of 
ordinary life, which is to me the most wonderful 
I ever met with. The Big Bow-wow strain I can 
do myself like any now going ; but the exquisite 
touch, which renders ordinary commonplace 
things and characters interesting, from the truth 
of the description and the sentiment, is denied to 
me." 

The first of these references seems to 
indicate pretentious or loud assurance ; 
the second the Grand Style. One would 
expect to find " bow-wow " in the writings 
of a master of the vernacular like Shake- 
speare, and it occurs in ' The Tempest.' 

WINKIE. 



PRINCE OF MONACO'S MEMOIR. 

(See 10 S. vii. 125,244; viii. 83; 11 S. i. 362.) 

THE following is a translation of another 
inedited prison paper of the Prince of 
Monaco in my possession, and is well 
written, without any erasures : 

Memoir sent 26 Thermidor [August] to the Com- 
mittee of General Safety, and addressed to 
the Representatives of the People, composing 
the Committee of General Safety. 

Citizens, A decree given the 18th of this 
month has charged you to set at liberty the 
citizens detained as suspects for reasons which 
are not designated by the law of 17 September, 
Old Style. 

The declaration above delivered by the Revo" 
lutionary Committee of Vigilance, of the section 
of the Ked Cap, gives the reason for my detention 
to be the emigration of one of my children. I 
thought I had proved by the different Memoirs 
that I have addressed to the National Conven- 



tion and to its Committees, especially by the- 
observations expressed on 14 Pluvidse [March],, 
of which I here give an example, that my son 
cannot be considered as an e'migre'. Besides, my 
absent son is 31 years old, out of my power by the 
laws, and has not dwelt with me since his marriage 
in 1781 ; he did not tell me of his departure, and 
I have not received news of him, nor have I 
written to him. 

But if my son ever could be called an Emigre, 
the law of 17 October, 1793, Old Style, cannot 
be applied to me, as it implies that only those 
former nobles shall be deemed suspects who are 
the fathers of Emigres who have not constantly 
manifested their attachment to the Revolution ; 
for, first in the quality of Prince of Monaco, and 
then in that of a private person, I have always 
shown my devotion and my zeal for the happiness 
of the French people and the prosperity of 
France. 

In reality, not satisfied with not having spared 
trouble or expense to provide for the victualling 
and necessary subsistence of the troops of France 
in garrison in the Place de Monaco, and those of 
the armies of Italy, sent in detachments into the 
said Principality and its environs, I have besides- 
borrowed a large sum at Genoa, which I still owe,, 
and which I have employed for the same use. 
I have several times advanced my own money for 
the payment of the French garrison, with the view 
of preventing any contingencies that might retard 
it. The deeds deposited in the Registers of the 
Treasury of the former Principality of Monaco 
are now at the disposal of the administrators 
of the Department of the Maritime Alps, and 
among the letters of the Minister of War' who 
has been informed of them. 

Protected by the same sentiments, I have always 
addressed the strongest representations and 
solicitations to the different Ministers of War 
to procure for the French troops in garrison at 
Monaco things necessary for them, and to make 
them preserve exactly the military discipline 
and laws decreed by the National Assembly, 
which is shown by my letters, that ought to be 
found in the War Office. 

The proofs of my constant attachment to the 
French Republic, as a private person, are no less 
real, and although they are contained in the 
different Memorials that" I have presented, I will 
recall them : 

The voluntary gift that I have made of several 
horses. 

That of 24 guns, or of their equivalent. 

That of 4 pieces of bronze cannon which be- 
longed to me, to the Commune of Thorigny, 
Department of La Manche. 

That of the first Tree of Liberty which has been 
placed in the same Commune. 

The assistance of bread and money that I have 
not ceased to give to the poor of the Communes 
where I have possessions. The money that 1 
have given to the Section of the Red Cap. 

Finally, the prompt and exact payment of all 
the ordinary and extraordinary contributions 
which have been levied on me up to this day. 

To all these proofs of my attachment I could 
also add my unbroken residence in France from . 
the commencement of the year 1790. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911 



I believe, Citizens, that this short statemen 
argues sufficiently in my favour, and proves 
plainly that I cannot be classed, by the law o: 
17 September, 1793, Old Style, under suspected 
men. I could also support myself in thisi resped 
by the Report made by the Diplomatic Com 
mittee to the National Convention, 14 February 
1793, at the time of the reunion of the Principality 
.of Monaco to the French Republic, and claim the 
justice which this Committee did not fail to render 
on that occasion to the sentiments that I have 
always manifested. 

But, Citizens, I have without doubt sufficiently 
proved that I am entitled to profit by the kind 
intentions of the decree of the 18th of this month, 
and I implore your justice to grant me speedily 
the benefit of it, fully convinced that the repre- 
sentatives of a free and generous people will put 
.a stop to the detention which I have suffered 
for nearly a year, and that they will at the same 
time order the removal of the seals put in my 
house. 

As to the correspondence mentioned above, 
I can only congratulate myself that from what 
has been sent to the Committee of General Safety 
it will be the better able to judge of my true 
sentiments. As to being one of the enemies of 
the State, I cannot conceive what has led the 
Committee of Revolutionary Surveillance, of the 
Section of the Red Cap, to use these terms ; in 
truth, I am certain of never having written against 
the Revolution or the prosperity of the French 
Republic, and I defy any one to produce the 
slightest proof to the contrary. 

Health and Fraternity. 

On the title-page of this Memoir was 
copied the writing here added : 

Reasons for the detention of Citizen Monaco 

Grimaldi. 

Section of the Red Cap. 
Committee of Revolutionary Surveillance. 
The 24 Thermidor, year 2 of the Republic one 
and indivisible. Arrested as ex-noble, and having 
a son an emigre. On taking off the seals placed 
-on his house to extract the papers, they have 
sent all his correspondence with the enemies of 
the State, at home and beyond the Republic, 
to the Committee of General Safety. 

Made the day and year above said. 

Signed D'Aire President and Tosi Secretary. 

The MS. is on 4 pp. 4to, similar paper and 
watermark to the Examination (11 S. i. 362). 
The parts in italics are underlined in the 
original. The year seems to be 1794. 

D. J. 



EDWAED CHAPLIN. I have only just 
seen in ' N. & Q.' for 17 December, 1904 
(10 S. ii. 488), an inquiry as to Edward 
Chaplin, admitted to Westminster School 
in 1786. He was my grandfather, born 
7 July, 1771, and died 14 November, 1858. 
If G. F. R. B. wishes further information, 
I shall be happy to give it on his writing to 
me. HOLROYD CHAPLIN. 

2, Holland Villas Road, W, 



ANNA SEWABD : DATE OF HER BAPTISM. 
Mr. A L. Reade in his ' Johnsonian Glean- 
ings ' (p. 34) writes : "It is strange that the 
date of Anna Se ward's birth never seems 
to have been correctly stated." He gives 
the date as 1 December, 1744. 

Being her representative, tracing through 
the first wife of John Hunter, I have taken 
the trouble (I wish I had done so before 
publishing a booklet on Anna Seward) to 
obtain a certificate, signed on 5 May, 1910, 
by the present Rector of Eyam, which 
states that " Anne Seward, the daughter of 
the Rev. Thomas Seward, Rector of Eyam, 
and Mrs. Elizabeth Seward his wife," was 
baptized 28 December, 1742. 

The Seward family Bible is in the posses- 
sion of Sir Robert White-Thomson of Ex- 
bourne, North Devon, who is the representa- 
tive of Anna Seward through Hunter's 
second wife, and the statement in it that 
she was born on the 1st of December, 1744, 
and baptized on the 28th of the same month, 
and that her sponsors were her Uncle 
Norton, her Aunt Martin, and Mrs. Jackson 
of Burton, must, of course, now be treated 
as erroneous, so far as it relates to the date 
of the baptism. STAPLETON MARTIN. 

The Firs, Norton, Worcester. 

SYBIL, QUEEN or SCOTLAND : HER 
PARENTAGE. Alexander I., King of Scot- 
Land, about the time of his accession (1107), 
married " Sybilla," illegitimate daughter 
of Henry I., King of England ('D.N.B.'). 
Sybil's mother is not referred to, but under 
Henry I. she is said to have been a sister 
of Waleran, Count of Meulan, the authorities 
cited being Orderic and Skene's ' Celtic 
Scotland.' No doubt the sister referred to 
was Isabel (afterwards wife of Gilbert de 
Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke), who was a 
mistress of Henry I. (Planche, ' Conqueror 
and his Companions,' i. 216). 

It seems rash to suggest that Orderic, a 
contemporary chronicler, was completely 
at fault ; but from a consideration of the 
dates involved it seems to me impossible 
:hat any sister of Count Waleran can have 
3een mother to Sybil. Waleran was the 
Idest son of Robert de Beaumont, Count 
of Meulan (France), Lord of Pontaudemer 
and Beaumont (Normandy), and 1st Earl of 
eicester, by his wife Isabel, daughter of 
Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois, 
younger son of Henry I., King of France 
ibid, i. 212). When the marriage of Robert 
and Isabel was projected, it was forbidden 
n the ground of consanguinity, by Ivo, 
3ishop of Chartres, at the beginning of 1096 



ii s. m. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



45 



(Chester Waters, ' Gundrada de Warrenne/ 
pp. 16-17). However, the Pope granted a 
dispensation, on condition that Isabel's 
father should take the cross, and the marriage 
took place in 1096-7. If we assume that their 
daughter Isabel was the eldest child of this 
marriage, and was born at the earliest 
possible moment, she would have been about 
ten years of age when her alleged daughter 
married the King of Scots. 

Even if Alexander's marriage did not take 
place so early as stated by the ' D.N.B.' 
a point on which Scottish readers may be 
able to give some information it seems im- 
possible to account for the discrepancy a 
whole generation. I suggest that Sybil's 
mother must have been another of Henry I.'s 
numerous mistresses. 

Cobbe calls Alexander's wife " Hedwig," 
but affiliates her to Henry I. as an illegiti- 
mate child by " Elizabeth, daughter of 
Ho. de Bellomont, Count of Meulan" 
('Norman Kings of England,' Table III.). 
" De Bellomont " is simply a mistranslation 
of " de Bello Monte," the Latinized form of 
de Beaumont. G. H. WHITE. 

St. Crc SB, Harleston, Norfolk. 

GEOFFREY POLE, the Winchester scholar of 
whom mention has been made at 9 S. viii. 
73, 449, under the heading * Anthony 
Fortescue,' and at 9 S. ix. 468 under ' Sir 
Geoffrey Pole, died 1558,' was not attainted 
26 February, 1562/3 (Appendix II. to the 
Fourth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the 
Public Records, pp. 263-4), though Sir 
Thomas Smith mentions him as privy to 
the plot (' Cal. S.P. for 1562,' p. 480), as 
he was only 14 years old at the time. In 
1576 he was a magistrate of Sussex sus- 
pected of Popery (Strype, * Annals/ II. ii. 
22), and on 29 October, 1577, he was ordered 
to appear before the Privy Council (Dasent, 
' Acts,' x. 69). He had gone abroad before 
23 June, 1585, and had let Lordington to his 
nephew Anthony Fortescue the younger 
at 50Z. a year ('Cal. S.P. Dom., 1581-90,' 
p. 247, and cf. pp. 351, 354). In the ' Con- 
certatio Ecclesise ' he is called Galfrid. The 
fugitive Germane Pole (ibid., p. 705 ; 
' Cal. S.P. Dom., 1591-4,' at p. 15 ; 1598- 
1601, at p. 310), who had a brother Gervase 
at the English College, Rome, in 1599, 
belonged to the Derbyshire family, and was 
not a relative of Geoffrey. In 1600 the 
Duke of Parma was endeavouring to obtain 
the cardinal's hat for Arthur Pole, a son of 
the nephew of Cardinal Pole (i.e. of Geoffrey), 
a young man of 25 years of age, brought up 
from his childhood in the house of the late 



Cardinal Alexander Farnese (' Cal. S.P. Span., 
1587-1603,' at pp. 670, 671). On 19 June, 
1622, one of Geoffrey's daughters, Mary, was 
professed at St. Monica's Augustinian Con- 
vent at Louvain, aged 39, and the ' Chronicle/ 
vol. i. (Sands & Co., 1904), at pp. 242-3 f 
gives this account of her father : 

" He was a brave gentleman and courageous, a 
most constant Catholic, a harbourer of priests, 
and one who, being strong of hand, would beat 
the pursuivants and catchpolls so handsomely 
that they stood in great fear of him. Insomuch 
that once a pursuivant being sent down to serve 
a writ upon him for his conscience, he chanced to 
meet with the pursuivant upon the way ; so- 
that riding together the fellow began to speak 
something of Mr. Geoffrey Pole, saying thus : 'He 
is a shrewd man of his hands, for he did beat a 
brother of mine, but I have here something, I 
warrant, that will cool his courage ' ; and told 
him how he had brought the writ for him. He 
heard him, and said nothing who he was, but 
entertained him with talk and rode on together 
so long till he had him in a fit place, and then said 
to him : ' Here is Geoffrey Pole ; what hast thou 
to say to him ? ' The fellow pulled out his writ 
and said as the manner is, ' The Queen greets you ' 
(for it was in her reign). He, hearing this, made 
no more ado, but drew his sword and said : ' Look 
here, fellow, I give thee thy choice ; either eat 
up this writ presently, or else eat my sword : 
for one of both thou shalt do ere we part hence/ 
The poor man began to quake for fear and durst 
not resist him, but like a coward was wholly 
daunted, and did indeed eat up the writ for mere 
fear rather than he would be killed. So became 
the writ of no effect, but only to punish the 
pursuivant for his pains. Such like good feats 
did this worthy gentleman perform, showing 
always his zeal unto the Catholic religion. At 
length he came over to this side the seas, where 
he died like a constant Catholic, in voluntary 
banishment at Antwerp." 

The chronicler also states that Geoffrey was 
the only one of all the sons of Sir Geoffrey 
who had issue. She also tells us, at p. 257, 
that one of Geoffrey's sisters was mother-in- 
law to a certain Richard Lamb, Esq., who 
was in the household of Lord Montague. 

Is it known whom Geoffrey married ? 
Or what became of his issue ? 

JOHN B. WAINEWKIGHT. 

" CARPET - BAGGER." In a recent Times 
article on American social conditions it 
was mentioned that this expression was 
applied by Southerners after the Civil War 
to Northern officials sent among them during 
the Reconstruction period. The term was 
unpopular as denoting one whose worldly 
possessions could be carried in a carpet- 
bag. In this country " carpet-bagger " 
seems to mean an unknown meteoric candi- 
date who puts up at a local hotel with his 
carpet-bag during the contest. Not long 
ago I heard this term applied to a municipal 



46 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 21, 1911. 



candidate who crossed to a different quarte 
of London from that in which he residec 
and was known. As the carpet-bag is rarely 
if ever, seen in these days, though the politi 
cal epithet " carpet-bagger " is likely t( 
continue in currency, its etymology will be 
come obscure. FRANCIS P. MARCHANT. 
Streatham Common. 

["Carpet-bagger," described as U.S. politica 
slang, is in the section of the ' N.K.D.' publishe 
in 1888. The last sentence of the article notice 
the introduction of the term into English politics. 



" MUSICE MENTIS MEDICINA 

In No. 33, p. 28, of * A Student's Pastime 
(' N. & Q.,' 3 S. xii. 412) Prof. Skeat writes : 

" On the fly-leaf of a Collection of Musica 
Tunes, by John Dowlande, M.B., in MS. Camb 
Univ. Dd. ii. 11, is the following specimen o 
-alliteration : ' Musica mentis medicina mcestae.' ' 

The source of the quotation does not seem 
to have been recognized. 

A still more striking example of allitera 
tion is afforded when these words are com- 
bined with the remainder of the stanza : 

Musice mentis medicina moestac, 
Musice multum minuit malorum, 
Musice magnis, metliis, minutis 

Maxima mittit. 

This is the conclusion of a poem by Walter 
Haddon (1516-72), headed ' De Musica ' 
on p. 69 (wrongly numbered 66) of his 
* Poemata,' at the end of his ' Lucubra- 
tiones,' London, 1567. The poem consists 
of five Sapphic stanzas, the first three lines 
of each beginning with some case of 
" musice." 

Burton, ' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 2.2.6.3, 
6th ed., p. 299, has " Musica est mentis 
medicina mcestce, a roaring-meg against 
Melancholy." The last words must have 
been suggested by the title of a work of 
1598 quoted, under ' Roaring Meg, in the 
"'N.E.D.' : 'Tyros Roring Megge Planted 
against the walles of Melancholy,' which is 
in the list (Selden MS. 80, supra) of Burton's 
books that were given to the Bodleian. 

EDWARD BENSLY. 

BENJAMIN BATHURST. The ' D.N.B.' has 
found this English diplomat worthy of 
notice on account of his mysterious dis- 
appearance in Germany now more than 101 
years ago. With regard to his death The 
Observer of 18 December last published a 
short notice under the title of ' A Century- 
Old Mystery,' according to which a skeleton 
was found recently in a field close to the 
little Prussian town of Perleberg, near Berlin, 
^buried face downwards, and with a large hole 



in the forehead. The only object found 
with the remains was " a large key, believed 
to be of old English workmanship." The 
bones were being examined as to their age. 

L. L. K. 

* 

THE SECOND EARL SPENCER : HIS DEATH. 
The recent death of John, fifth Earl 
Spencer, has occasioned some newspaper 
references to the Althorp library and its 
founder, George John, the second Earl. 
It is rather difficult to say how much assis- 
tance his eulogizer T. Frognall Dibdin 
rendered in bringing that marvellous col- 
lection together probably very little ; but 
at least in his * Bibliotheca Spenceriana ' 
he compiled a most useful work, and satis- 
fied the pride of his patron, who rewarded 
him by obtaining his appointment to the 
living of St. Mary, Bryanston Square. 
The news of Lord Spencer's last illness 
and death came to Dibdin suddenly in a 
letter now before me : 

Althorp, Nov. 10, 1834. 
MY DEAR SIR, 

As Lord Spencer's illness has only been of four 
days' duration, it is probable that you may not 
yet have heard of it. Most truly grieved am I to 
tell you, as you will be to hear, that there is no 
doubt of its terminating fatally ; and it is more 
than probable that the postscript to this will 
confirm the suspicion. Lord Althorp and all the 
family are here. You and I and very many more 
will lose in him their best friend. 
My dear Sir, 

Very sincerely yours, 

GEO. APPLEYARD. 

P.S. 25 min. past 2. 

T have just seen him breathe his last. 
The Rev'd Dr. Dibdin. 

The letter is not addressed, but probably 
Dibdin was then living at 58, Cambridge 
Street, Connaught Square. 

ALECK ABRAHAMS. 

WEDGE WOOD WARE AND WATER-CARRIAGE. 
In the course of a recent search through 
The Nottingham Journal for 1780 I inci- 
dentally came across and scanned a note of 
ome interest to ceramic students, although 
r did not, unfortunately, note the precise 
late. The item in question related to the 
onviction of a Nottingham man for stealing 
i large quantity of earthenware from a cask 
n a barge on the Trent, at Wilford Shoals, 
he said earthenware being the property of 
osiah Wedge wood of Etruria, Stafford- 
hire. Wilford is immediately above Not- 
ingham, on this river, and the note illus- 
rates the former importance of carriage by 
ter in England. A. STAPLETON. 

Nottingham. 



ii s. m. JAN. 21, MI.] .NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ALNWICK : WALKING THROUGH A BOG. 
John Wesley makes the following note 
in his ' Journal ' for 25 April, 1753 : 

" We came to Alnwick on the day whereon those 
who have gone through their apprenticeship are 
made free of the corporation. Sixteen or seventeen, 
we were informed, were to receive their freedom this 
day, and in order thereto (such is the unparalleled 
wisdom of the present corporation, as well as of 
their forefathers), to walk through a great bog (pur- 
posely preserved for the occasion ; otherwise it 
might have been drained long ago), which takes up 
some of them to the neck, and many of them to the 
breast." 

RICHARD H. THORNTON. 

36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C. 



WE must request correspondents desiring in- 
formation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 



BISMARCK, Miss RUSSEL, AND Miss 
LORAINE. Prince Otto von Bismarck (born 
1815), the first Chancellor of the German 
Empire, was in Aix-la-Chapelle in 1836, 
where, as well as in 1837 in Wiesbaden, he 
was on friendly terms with two young 
English ladies whose names, according to 
a letter from Bismarck to his wife in 1851, 
were " Miss Russel and Miss Isabella 
Loraine." It is reported that Bismarck 
had then the serious intention of becoming 
engaged to one of these ladies. 

In another letter from Bismarck dated 
1836 the above-named Miss Russel is referred 
to as " the niece of the Duke and Duchess 
of C." This " C." means, doubtless, Cleve- 
land. 

Any information about the life, birth, 
family, &c., of Miss Russel and Miss Isa- 
bella Loraine would be appreciated by 

DR. A. VON WILKE. 

Wilmersdorf, near Berlin, Kaiserallee 192. 

MATTHEW PRIOR'S BIRTHPLACE. Has 
anything been discovered in regard to 
Matthew Prior's parents, ancestry, and place 
of birth since Johnson wrote the ' Lives of 
the English Poets ' ? In it he speaks of Prior 
as of unknown parents ; saying that accord- 
ing to some he was born at Wimborne, 
Dorset, but that others said he was the son 
of a joiner in London. In a note Johnson 
adds : 

" The difficulty of settling Prior's birthplace 
is great. In the register of his College he is 
called, at his admission by the President, Matthew 
Prior of Winburn in Middlesex ; by himself next 



day, Mathew Prior of Dorsetshire, in which county, 
not in Middlesex, Winborn, or Wimborne as it 
stands in the ' Villare,' is found. When he stood 
candidate for his fellowship five years after- 
wards, he was registered again by himself as of 
Middlesex. The last record ought to be pre- 
ferred, because it was made upon oath," &c. 

There are references to this subject in 
'N. & Q.' previous to 1893; also in Hutchins's 
' Dorset,' third edition, and in Longmaris 
Magazine for October, 1884 ; but I infer 
that at that date nothing was definitely 
known either as to his parents or place of 
birth. E. HAVILAND HILLMAN. 

3227, Campo S. Samuele, Venice. 

[The ' D.N.B.' in 1896 gave the date of Prior's 
birth as 21 July, 160-1, and state that the place 
is uncertain, but that " the bulk of tradition " 
is in favour of Dorset.] 

THACKERAY'S LAST WORDS. Thackeray 
was found dead in his bed at 2, Palace Green, 
Kensington, on Christmas morning, 1863. 
According to his biography by his daughter, 
the last words he ever wrote, which were 
found by his bedside, were these : " And 
his heart throbbed with an infinite peace." 
In which of his works do these words occur ? 

FREDERICK T. HIBGAME. 
8, Tottenham Place, Clifton. 

[Not correctly quoted, but from the latest sheets 
of ' Denis Duval.j 

BOWLES'S ' HUNDRED OF PEN WITH.' I 
should be very grateful indeed to any owner 
of Bowles's ' Short Account of the Hundred 
of Penwith' (1805) who would be kind 
enough to lend me this scarce volume. I 
am writing a history of the parishes of 
Phil lack and Gwithian, and desire to refer 
to the above work. 

J. HAMBLEY ROWE, M.B. 

88, Horton Grange Road, .Bradford, 

SONGS OF THE PEASANTRY. Have any 
readers heard old servants, gardeners, 
labourers, and others singing songs remem- 
bered from youthful days ? I began to 
collect such songs twenty years ago, and have 
been the means of saving many a gem 
from being forgotten. I am about to 
publish another book of songs of the 
peasantry, and shall feel obliged if any 
reader will contribute to it, naming the 
binger and place where obtained. Acknow- 
ledgment will be made. Songs lately 
published are not desired. Dialect or 
ordinary English words may be sent, and 
the name of the tune or a rough copy of the 
melody should be given. Songs of love- 
struck swains, dialogues between lovers, 
liumorous incidents in life, carols, ballads, 



48 



NOTES AND QUERIES. fu s. IIL JAN. 21, 1911. 



heroic deeds, and love of animals, flowers, 
and country scenes are the topics that I 
have in mind. Any help in my quest 
will be gratefully received. 

JOHN GBAHAM, 

Editor of Dialect Songs, Morris Dances, &c. 

74, Park Hall Road, East Finchley, N. 



' A VOICE FROM THE BUSH.' I am very 
anxious to obtain a copy of a poem called 
' A Voice from the Bush.' I was told it 
was by Lindsay Gordon, but have been 
unable to find it. Could you tell me where 
it is to be found, or who is the author ? 

MARGARET LAWRENCE. 
The Lawn, Windsor Road, Chorley, Lanes. 



AMERICAN WORDS AND PHRASES. I con- 
clude from 10 S. xi. 469 ; xii. 107 ; 11 S. ii. 
67, my list of words and phrases in American 
papers : 

Read out. This means to turn a man out of a 
political party, the allusion being to a kind of 
excommunication. Was there ever among the 
Independents or others an actual " reading " 
of a person out of the society ? 

Squab boat. What was this ? In 1800 I read 
of a " squab boat skipper." 

Stansberry reproof. Who was Stansberry ? One 
man (1839) is determined to give another this 
kind of reproof, apparently a pistol-shot. 

Stifel. A horse is said (1798) to be " narrow 
across the stifel." This looks mightily like a 
Holland word, but I do not find it in the Dutch 
dictionary. 

Stocking feet, i.e., feet without shoes. Is this 
expression Scottish ? 

Toe the mark. Are there any English examples 
before 1819 ? 

Tunket. What is this ? The phrase " as cold 

as a tunket " occurs in 1847. 
Tussey boys. What were they ? In 1838 Mr 

Bynum of North Carolina used the phrase in 

Congress. 
Unterrified, the. Who first applied this term 

to the Democratic party ? 
Vicksburger. This was (1836) a large hat. Was 

there a factory of such hats at Vicksburg ? 
W T hitehead. To do a thing like a whitehead was 

(about 1830) to do it thoroughly. W 7 hat is th 

allusion ? 
Whitewash. Are there English examples of this 

verb in a figurative sense before 1762 ? In thai 

year The Boston Evening Post alludes to a man 

" lately whitewashed (taken the benefit of th 

Bankrupt Act)." And in 1800 it means to 

cleanse a character superficially. 
i r ork waggon. W T as this a waggon made a1 

York in Pennsylvania ? 

RICHARD H. THORNTON. 
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C. 



6 THE FLYING DUTCHMAN.' I wish to 
.earn the name of the author of the verses- 
entitled * The Flying Dutchman,' beginning 

Before the screaming hurricane, the Dutchman 

pitched and rolled ; 

She staggered along to the storm's wild song 
And buried her decks the seas among, 

Till the dawn brake bitterly cold. 

Where may they be found ? C. B, 

AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED. 
Who was the author of a piece of poetry in 
which the last line of every verse runs some- 
what as follows ? 

0, never question curiously. 
The last verse is somewhat as follows : 

I charge you, ye impassioned few, 
If the white swanwing comes to you, 
What is to you the whence or how ? 
Be happy in the blissful now ; 
Accept the light that glads thy brow, 
And never question curiously. 

N. u. a 



Midway the road of our life's term they met, 
And one another knew without surprise, 

Nor cared that beauty stood in mutual eyes, 
Nor at their tardy meeting nursed regret 

C. L. H. 



A touch of the sun for pardon, 

The song of a bird for mirth ; 
We are nearer God's heart in the garden 

Than anywhere else on the earth. 

W. W. K. 



HARTLEY WINTNEY, HANTS : PRIORESS 
MARTYN'S MONUMENT. The will of Eliza- 
beth Martyn, " sometime prioress of Wynt- 
ney," dated 24 July, 1584, and proved in the 
Peculiar Court of the Dean of Sarum 
(Register iv. fo. 147), directs that her body 
should be buried in the chancel of Hartley 
Wintney, and contains the following 
clause : 

" I would that a stone should be layde over 
my grave w th a picture of a plate of a woman 
in a long garment w th wyde sieves hir handes 
ioyned together holdinge uppon her brest and 
figured over her hedd In te domine speraui non 
confundor in seternum In justicia tua libera me 
et salua me I woulde that an herse shoulde be 
standinge over my grave by the space of an whole 
yere couerued ouer w th black cotten w th a cross of 
white fusty on." 

A sum of 10?. is left for conveying the body 
from Okingham. 

Can any one say if these directions were 
carried out ? F. J. POPE. 

17, Holland Road, W. 



us. in. JAN. 2i, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



49 



ANDBEW LANG ON THE ODYSSEY. Some 
fifteen years ago, about Christmastime, there 
was an article by Mr. Andrew Lang in some 
well-known illustrated paper, consisting of a 
review of the Odyssey, at its first publication, 
by the Theates of Chios. What is the refer- 
ence to this article ? W. WALLAS. 

PHIPPS on PHIP FAMILY. I have made 
a large collection of notes on persons of the 
name of Phipps and Phip of nearly every 
county in England, of Ireland, the West 
Indies, and of New England. It includes 
abstracts of many P. wills dating from 
1521 to 1810, which I propose to get printed. 
I shall be glad to get more notes from old 
registers or documents, and to correspond 
with any one interested. I want especially 
to know more of the P. family of Notting- 
ham (and perhaps of Derbyshire) before 
1600. Robert P. of St. Nicholas, Notting- 
ham (described as gentleman in his son's 
marriage licence), married, 1574, Isabel 
Brounley, and had sons George, William, 
Anthony. An administration was granted 
in 1615 to George P. of Robert P. " nuper 
de Baker, Notts," a place now unknown. 
George P. was of Edwalton, near Notting- 
ham, and married, 1606, Ann, dau. of 
William Elliott of Stoke, and widow of John 
Power of Edwalton. I cannot find his will. 
In 1616 an administration P.C.C. was 
granted to Ann, widow of George P. of Ufnng- 
ton, Lincoln. 

Of George's children Francis, Caleb, Ann, 
Judith, the eldest Francis went to Reading 
about 1630, and owned " The Bear Inn " 
there ; he was imprisoned in Windsor Castle 
by the Parliamentarians. He married pro- 
bably three times, and by his second wife 

Anne, dau. of Sharpe of Cirencester 

(who left a will which I cannot find), had 
among others a son Capt. James P. of St. 
Kitts, West Indies, who continued my line 
there, and was killed in 1689 by the French 
during the siege. Another son was Sir Con- 
stantine P., an ancestor of the Mulgraves 
(see Crisp, vol. Notes). 

I know a good deal about the families of 
Ecclesfield (York), of Oxford and Herts, of 
Warwick, and of Wilts. 

What is the authority for the statement 
that a Col. William P. of Lincoln raised a 
regiment of horse for King Charles I. ? 
He was not the ancestor of Sir Constantino 
P., as Burke used to say. George P. of 
Ecclesfield, writing about 1740 to one of Sir 
Constantino's family, says that these two 
families had been confused, but then him- 
self confuses them. He says also that a Col. 



P. was with Sir Francis Wortley when he 
drove Hotham into Hull. 

The name is spelt in fifty different ways, 
but in only one case have I found any sign of 
Phipps coming from Phillips. 

I think I have a clue to the family of Sir 
William P., Governor of New England. 

Communications should be addressed to 
R.A. Mess, Ferozepore, India. 

H. R. PHIPPS, Major R.F.A. 

LONDON GUNSMITHS AND THEIB WOKK. 
Is there any book of reference or monograph 
dealing with this subject ? I have collected 
the names of upwards of fifty makers who 
produced firearms during the eighteenth 
century and the first half of the nineteenth, 
but with rare exceptions I can learn nothing 
about the individuals or firms. In many 
cases makers seem to have collaborated, 
one firm's name appearing on the barrel, 
while another's is engraved on the locks, 
but more often the names are the same on 
both. 

Amongst the names which I have found 
engraved on examples of the period referred 
to are : 

1. On Early eighteenth-century work. Hosey, 
John. Rowland, R. Tourney, John. 

2. Middle eighteenth- century. Cahtman. Col- 
lumbell. Diemar. Hadley, H. Hudson, Thos, 
Mackenzie, D. Segallas. Shruder, James. Tur- 
Vey, \V. 

3. Late eighteenth-century. Baker. Barbar. 
Barker. Bayr, Thos. Bidet. Davis, T. Griffin 
(Bond Street). Griffin & Tow. Harman, John. 
Huhnstock, A. Kolbe. Knubley. Nock. Nock, H. 
Parkes. Tanner. Tatham. Tatham & Egg. 

4. Early nineteenth-century. Baker. Baker, E. 
Baker, Ezekiel. Baker, E., & Sons. Bate. 
Bates. Brown, E. (Strand). Brunn, S. (55, 
Charing Cross). Buresch, F. A. Clark (Holborn). 
Dupe & Co. Egg, D. Egg, Joseph (1, Picca- 
dilly). Gills. Manton. Manton, Joseph. Mor- 
timer, R. W. Mortimer, W. H. Mosely. 
Standenmayne or Staiidenmayer (this name 
appears in both forms). 

Certain Silversmiths seem to have special- 
ized in making mounts, trigger-guards, &c., 
for gunsmiths. Three of these whose work 
recurs frequently were Mark Bock (Shoe 
Lane), Jeremiah or Jeconiah Ashley (Green 
Street), and John King. Some information 
regarding these is found in Jackson's 
' English Goldsmiths and their W rk -'. 

The same names reappear in different 
combinations, but the above are the most 
common. Baker, whose name occurs most 
frequently, was the maker of the first rifled 
weapon adopted by the British Army, as 
when the 95th Regiment was constituted 
as a rifle corps it was armed with a " rifled 



50 



NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. j.. 21, 1911. 



musket," invented and manufactured by 
this Baker. 

The names of the two Manton brothers, 
John and Joseph, appear more rarely, and 
generally on sporting firearms, although 
pistols are occasionally found with the name. 
The biography of these two is in the 
' D.N.B.,' from which it appears that " Joe 
Manton," in spite of his great repute, 
became insolvent in 1826. John Manton's 
shop was in Dover Street. 

Joseph Egg had a shop at 1, Piccadilly, 
and his address is sometimes found engraved 
on his productions. D. Egg (whose Christian 
name was Durward, although I have never 
seen it on any of his numerous weapons) 
was specially noted for making pistols, but 
he seems also to have made a type of fowling- 
piece which has been recently introduced 
again, in which the barrels are placed 
vertically above each other. 

Information regarding any of the names 
mentioned in the foregoing list will be received 
with interest. Please reply direct. 

E. RODGEB. 

Western Club, Glasgow. 



SPEAKER'S CHAIR OF THE OLD 

HOUSE OF COMMONS. 
(11 S. ii. 128, 177, 218, 331.) 

MY attention has been called by Mr. E. 
Wilson Dobbs of this city to the articles 
at the first three references relative to the 
Speaker's Chair of the House of Commons 
during Sir Charles Manners-Sutton's Speaker- 
ship. His son, the second Viscount Canter- 
bury, presented to the Parliament of Victoria, 
of which colony he was Governor, a chair 
bearing the following inscription : 

" The Speaker's chair : first House of Commons 
elected under Reform Act of 1832 Assembled 
January 29, 1833 ; dissolved December 30, 1834 
The Right Honble. Sir Charles Manners Sutton. 
0.C.B., ' Speaker ' Presented by his son, Vis : 
count Canterbury, G.C.M.G., and K.C.B., to the 
Legislative Assembly of Victoria." 

The State of Victoria having lent its 
Parliament House to the Parliament of the 
Commonwealth while the latter is in Mel- 
bourne, the chair "is now in my charge. 
The chair was apparently sent from London 
after Lord Canterbury had retired, as 
appears from a letter from him to the 
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, dated 
12 June, 1873, and appearing in the Vic- 



torian ' Hansard ' of 30 July, 1873, p. 892. 
This appears to be the same chair mentioned 
by MB. JOHN ROBINSON, and yet the fact of 
its presentation would seem to show that it 
never left the possession of the Manners- 
Sutton family. ABTHUB WADSWOBTH, 

Librarian, Parliament of the 

Commonwealth. 
Melbourne. 



GAMNECOTJBT IN PICABDY : BABBABA DE 
BIEBLE (US. ii. 429, 512). The statement 
made at the latter reference by SCOTUS 
as to the marriage of John Erskine of Dun, 
the Superintendent, to a third wife, Margaret 
Keith, is hardly correct. There is no doubt 
that John Erskine married first Elizabeth 
Lindsay, daughter of David, fifth Earl of 
Crawford. She was contracted to him on 
20 December, 1522, he being then under 
fourteen (Fifth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., 
639) ; and she was his wife when she died 
on 29 July, 1538 (' Spalding Club Misc.,' 
iv. Pref. Ixvii). He married secondly 
Barbara de Bierle, as is proved by a charter 
of 20 September, 1543, granted by Sir 
Thomas Erskine of Kirkbuddo " nepoti 
meo Johanni Erskine de Dwne et Barbara 
de Beirle ejus conjugi." She died at Mont- 
rose, 15 November, 1572. John Erskine 
died 22 March, 1589/90 (ibid,). The 
' D.N.B.' wrongly quotes the ' Spalding Club 
Miscellany ' as authority for the date 
17 June, 1591. 

By his first wife Erskine left two sons, John 
and Robert, and a daughter Margaret, 
married to Patrick Maule of Panmure with 
issue, inter olios, two daughters, who both 
married great-grandsons of the Superinten- 
dent. John, the latter's eldest son, died 
vita patris without issue ; the second son 
Robert married Catherine Graham, and died 
in 1590, leaving with other children an eldest 
son John, who married Agnes Ogilvy, and 
died the year after his father in 1591 : he 
left, besides two sons, David and Arthur, 
who married the Maule ladies above men- 
tioned, an eldest son John. It was he, and 
not his great-grandfather, who married 
Margaret Keith. The genealogy no doubt 
is somewhat confusing, owing to the fact 
that three lairds died in three successive 
years. But the succession is proved in 
many ways ; it is only necessary to mention 
here a charter of 21 October, 1588, by which 
Robert Erskine, fiar of Dun, with consent 
of John Erskine of Dun his father (the 
Superintendent) and John Erskine of Logie 
son of the former, granted certain lands to 



n s. IIL JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



51 



Margaret Keith, daughter of Robert, Lord 
Altrie, and John Erskine, son and apparent 
heir of John Erskine of Logie, her future 
spouse. 

Their marriage contract is dated at Dun 
25 August, 1588. After the death of her 
husband, Margaret Keith married secondly 
Sir John Lindsay of Ballinscho, third son of 
David, tenth Earl of Crawford. Their 
marriage contract was dated 26 May, 1599. 
She died in January, 1602. J. B. P. 

I am not primarily concerned as to the 
marriage of Barbara de Bierle to John 
Erskine in 1543, for I supposed it to be a 
well - known fact. I do not know whether 
any attempt has been made to demonstrate 
it in detail, but the following excerpts from 
the ' Reg. Mag. Sig. Scotire ' seem to be fairly 
conclusive : 

" 8th October, 1543. Confirmation of Charter 
of Sir Thomas Erskine of the lands of Kirkbuddo 
to his nephew John Erskine of Dun and Barbara 
de Bierle his wife." 

" 12tlr*? January, 1571/2. Confirmation of 
Charter of John Erskine of Dun, who with the 
consent of Barbara de Bierle his wife, part owner 
of the lands, granted; to John Erskine, son of the 
said John and Barbara, the lands of Kirkbuddo." 

" 18th August, 1585. Confirmation of Charter 
to John Erskine junior, ' filio Johannis Erskine 
de Dun inter eum et quondam Barbaram de 
Beirlie ejus uxorem genito.' " 

Barbara died 15 November, 1572. 

As regards the former marriage of John 
Erskine, the following excerpt from the 
' R.M.S. Scotise ' is under date 20 October, 
1535 : 

"Precept of Saisine in favour of John Erskine 
of Dun and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay his wife by 
David, Earl of Crawford." 
Who was her brother ? She died 29 July 
1638. 

In the records known as Registrum de 
Panmure appears : 

" Patrick Maule married 1562 withe Margaret 
Erskine, daughter to Sir Jhone Erskine of Dune 
Superintendant of Angus, and Barbara de Bierle 
ane Frenchwoman borne in Picardie, dauchter 
of the Lord of Gamnecourt quha came in Scotland 
withe Marie de Lorraine, Queene Regent. His 
wife died 1599. He wes, as his father and for 
bears, mikil gewine to haukine and hountaine 
and newir did want for that effect haukes anc 
dogges. He died 1605." 

I am moreover informed that the chartei 
chest of the descendants in the male line 
of the second marriage referred to abov 
contains at least a dozen writs specifying 
Barbara as the spouse of John Erskine, anc 
carrying in some cases her signature anc 
seal. W. C. J. 



" LOVE ME, LOVE MY DOG " (11 S. ii. 
>22). It is pleasant indeed to read the 
cholarly and humane contribution of MB. 
3uBBY on the subject of " Love me, love 
iy dog " ; his heait must be as that of the 
Indian who 

Thinks, admitted to an equal sky, 

His faithful dog shall bear him company, 

and will maintain with scrupulous sincerity 
:hat man's greatest companion is unques- 
ionably the dog. Often have I pondered 
why Sterne should have used such beautiful 
English over a donkey rather than a dog. 
3ut I wish to add to MB. CUBBY'S notes the 
fact that the proverbs in Camden's ' Re- 
maines ' are not the earliest in our litera- 
ture, because I have in mind John Hey- 
wood's ' Proverbes,' first printed in 1546, 
and in that collection appears 

[s that ye haue bene so veraie a hog 

To my freendis. What man, loue me, loue my dog. 

Earlier again than Camden is the use made 
of the proverb by George Chapman (1612) 
in his comedy ' The Widdowes Teares.' Sir 
Thomas More reminds us " Whosoever 
loveth me, loveth my hound." By the way, 
what a peculiar play on the proverb is the 
French rendering " Who loves Jack loves 
his dog " (" Qui aime Jean aime son chien ") ! 

S. W. MAY. 
Liverpool. 

MB. CUBBY is perfectly correct regarding the 
unrelieved aversion and disgust of the early 
Hebrews for dogs, despite their humani- 
tarian consideration for the animal kingdom 
in general. To the Hebrews, as to the 
Greeks, man alone was worthy of the highest 
admiration ; so that such a dictum as " Love 
me, love my dog," was hardly compatible 
with their philosophy. Still, the dog must 
have won some measure of good treatment, 
even from that primitive people, when one 
of its leading men was named Caleb = dog. 
A passage in Theocritus, where the ferocity 
of dogs is held in quite as much abhorrence 
as it is in the Scriptures, is noteworthy. 
The poet enjoins Polyphemus " to keep a 
sharp eye on his dog lest he leap up and 
rend Galatea's fair flesh " : 

rj ras TratSos ri Kva/xatertv opovcnj 
Kara 8f oa KO.\OV d 



This may be paralleled by a story told in 
Tractate Sabbath 63. The good citizens 
and others used to breed a species of mastiff, 
called by the Rabbins "a caleb rong" or "bad 
dog," to warn off vagrants and intruders. 
They were the terror of the neighbourhood ; 
and on one occasion, say the doctors of the 



52 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911. 



Talmud, a woman on her way to the public 
bakeries, being barked at by one of these 
brutes, was seized with premature labour. 
Hence arose the saying " Whoso harbours a 
ferocious dog mars the happiness of the home- 
stead " ; a proverb which Rashi interprets 
to mean " dogs drive away wandering 
minstrels and poor scholars, whose presence 
in the home is a source of joy." And here 
let me put on record an obvious textual 
corruption or misreading. The Gemarists 
derive that aphorism from Job vi. 14, and 
then proceed to add " the Greeks call a dog 
lomas," meaning, of course, Av/<vs=wolf. 
Are wolves tamable ? Can they be used 
as watchdogs ? The point is worth finding 
out. 

To what extent in later times Jews made 
dogs companions in the home it is difficult 
to state positively, iinless this passage in the 
Mischna implies it: "It is forbidden to 
take out dogs on the Sabbath for exercise." 
Still, the animal must have advanced in 
social favour when we read in Horioth 13 
that " a dog knows its owner always ; a 
cat never." The dog never rose to the 
dignity reached by the ox or the horse : 
" Among beasts, the ox ; over birds, chanti- 
cleer, is king " (Baba Kama 86). Love of 
animals generally is shown in two citations : 
" Sit not down to meals until your beast be 
fed " (Berachoth 39). " Animals should be 
fed at certain intervals, according to their 
habits" (Sanhedrin 21). 

M. L. R. BBESLAB. 

Percy House, South Hackney. 

When Sir Walter Scott writes of the dog 
or the horse, he invariably illustrates his 
own warm predilection and his unique 
experience. It may not be amiss to supple- 
ment MB. CUBBY'S apposite reference by 
recalling the notable tribute paid to the 
sagacity of the dog in connexion with the 
episode of King Richard's banner which is 
vividly delineated in ' The Talisman.' In 
chap. xxiv. the king's eulogy, prompted by 
Roswal's detection of Conra'de, rests on the 
novelist's creed : 

" Recollect that the Almighty, who gave the 
dog to be companion of our pleasures and our 
toils, hath invested him with a nature noble and 
incapable of deceit. He forgets neither friend 
nor foe remembers, and with accuracy, both 
benefit and injury. He hath a share of man's 
intelligence, but no share of man's falsehood. 
You may bribe a soldier to slay a man with his 
sword, or a witness to take life by false accusation ; 
but you cannot make a hound tear his benefactor 
he is the friend of man, save when man justly 
mcurs his enmity." 



See also the touching ' Hellvellyn,' giving 
the story of the youth who perished on the 
mountain-side, with only his devoted terrier 
to witness his passing : 
Nor yet quite deserted, though lonely extended, 
For, faithful in death, his mute favourite attended, 
The much-loved remains of her master defended, 

And. chased the hill-fox and the raven away. 

THOMAS BAYNE. 

Why does MB. CUBBY say that the 
authority of Homer, in allowing a dog to 
live for 20 years, is against that of Aristotle ? 
Aristotle's opinion is clearly in favour of 
Homer. After stating the length of life of the 
Laconian dog, he says : 

" Other dogs live, most for about 14 or 15 years* 
some even 20 ; wherefore some think that Homer 
was correct when in his poetry he made the dog 
of Ulysses die in its twentieth year." ' De 
Animalibus Hist.,' vi. 21. 4. 

WEBNEBINA. 

DB. JOHNSON IN THE HUNTING FIELD 
(11 S. ii. 525). The extract from The 
Periodical comes originally from ' Anec- 
dotes of Dr. Johnson, by Mrs. Piozzi ' 
(first published in 1785), to be found in 
* Johnsoniana ; or, Supplement to Boswell,' 
1836, Anecdote 99, p. 66. The writer 
interpolates some comments, and alters the 
original text, i.e., if the original is given in 
' Johnsoniana,' where the first part of the 
anecdote is : 

" He certainly rode on Mr. [not " Mrs."] 
Thrale's old hunter with a good firmness, and 
though he would follow the hounds fifty miles 
an [not " on "] end sometimes, would never own 
himself either tired or amused." 

The last few lines should not be omitted : 

" He was however proud to be amongst the 
sportsmen ; and I think no praise ever went so 
close to his heart, as when Mr. Hamilton called 
out one day upon Brighthelmstone Downs, 
' Why, Johnson rides as well, for aught I see, 
as the most illiterate fellow in England.' " 

A foot-note says : 

" Mr. Boswell says, that Johnson once hunted ; 
this seems more probable than Mrs. Piozzi's 
and Hawkins's statements, from which it would 
be inferred that he hunted habitually." 

Anecdote 606, on a page (397) headed 
" Kearsley. Boothby," is as follows : 

" Being asked his opinion of hunting, he said, 
' It was the labour of the savages of North Ame- 
rica, but the amusement of the gentlemen of 
England.' " 

In Anecdote 657 (apparently one of 
Ooker's), pp. 427-8, Johnson says that 
pleasure is derived from hunting " because 
man feels his vacuity less in action than 
when at rest." ROBEBT PIEBPOINT. 



ii s. in. JAN. 21, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WET HAY (11 S. ii. 469, 535). It will 
probably surprise many, and especially all 
such as have a kindly regard for the dog as the 
friend of man, to hear that " wet hay, rather 
than dry hay, is the ordinary furnishing 
of a dog-kennel." Their astonishment will 
be intensified when they learn further that 
the treatment of a noble animal implied in 
this statement is deliberate and habitual. 
" Exposure to moist atmosphere," we are 
told, " will soon render hay damp enough. 
It is not very often renewed, being con- 
sidered good enough for a dog." One 
wonders what will be thought of state- 
ments of this kind by owners and keepers, 
from the shepherd with his collie and the 
collier with hip, lurcher to the lady who 
pampers her lapdog and the managers of such 
kennels as those of the Beaufort and Quorn 
hunts. Those .unfamiliar with the dog and 
his ways may overlook the fact that he is 
delicate as well as faithful and energetic, and 
that rheumatism is one of the troubles 
that would inevitably disable him if he were 
constantly doomed to rest on damp hay. 

THOMAS BAYNE. 

SIR LYONELL GUEST (11 S. ii. 509). 
He was the only son of Alexander Guest of 
Tewkesbury by Margery, dau. of John 
Meredeth of Upper Weld, Bucks, and came 
to Ireland as a captain in the Army about 
1595. He m. 1st Elizabeth, dau. and heir of 
Simon Love of Northamptonshire, by whom 
he had an only dau. Elizabeth, who m. 
Edward Rondell of London. He m. 2ndly 
Elinor, widow of David O'Duda of Castle 
Connor, co. Sligo, dau. of Patrick Lynch 
of The Knock, co. Meath. He died about 
1620. His widow m. Srdly Capt. William 
May ; 4thly (as 2nd wife), Capt. Lisagh 
O'Connor of Leixlip ; and 5thly (as 2nd 
wife) Gerald Fitz Gerald of Gla'ssealy, co. 
Kildare. G. D. B. 

EUSEBY CLEAVER, ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN 
(11 S. ii. 489). Archbishop Cleaver married 
Catherine, daughter of the Right Hon. 
Owen Wynne, M.P., of Hazlewood, co. 
Sligo, by the Hon. Anne Maxwell, daughter 
of John, 1st Lord Farnham, and sister of 
Robert, Earl of Farnham. The prerogative 
marriage licence between Euseby Cleaver 
of Dublin, D.D., and Catherine Wynne of 
St. Michan's, Dublin, is dated 28 April, 1788. 
Brady (' Records of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross,' 
iii. 81) says they were married in May. 
The marriage almost certainly took place at 
St. Michan's. HENRY B. SWANZY. 

[L. A YV. also thanked for reply.] 



WILLIAM FITZGERALD (11 S. ii. 489) 
was eldest son of John F., Dean of Cork. 
He entered T.C.D. 22 June, 1660, aged 17 
(Brady's ' Cork '). HENRY B. SWANZY. 

ROGERSON COTTER (11 S. ii. 489). 
Rogerson Cotter, son of Sir J. Cotter, and 
Fellow of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, was called 
to the Irish Bar in Trinity Term, 1773. 

If G. F. R. B. cares to communicate with 
me, I can supply him with further particulars 
concerning John and Joseph Nixon than are 
given in * Alumni West.' 

HENRY B. SWANZY. 

The Rectory, Omeath, co. Louth. 

JOHN COSTON IN ST. BOTOLPH'S, ALDERS- 
GATE (11 S. ii. 485). It may not be out of 
place to give a copy of the inscription 
which stood on the " S. side of the entrance 
to the Chancel " in St. Botolph's Church in 
1708 : 

Pars Terrestris 

Joannis Coston, Registrar!! sedis Archiepisco- 
palis Cantuar. Principalis Amceq: Curias Cant, 
de ArcubusLond.procuratorum generalium unius. 
Sexaginta Annos cum multa pietate & probitate 
sub polo prajtergressus 3 Julii 1614. Animam 
effavit. Relictis Simone & Anna, filio & filia 
unicis in Sacros Cineres redact, sub pedibus diem 
Novemb. expectat. 'A New View of London/ 
vol. i. (1708) p. 160. 

The inscription was on a marble monu- 
ment with " Scelletons Heads," and the arms 
were carved in " Basso releivo." 

ALFRED CHAS. JONAS. 

NOTTINGHAM MONASTERY NOT IN DUGDALE 
(11 S. ii. 468). The passage referred to is 
evidently the following : 

" Titulus Ecclesie Sancte Trinitatis de Notyng- 
ham. Anima ejus et anime omnium ndelium 
defunctorum requiescant in pace. Amen. Orate 
pro nostris Hugone (pr.), Lamberto (pr.), Walterio 
(mo.), Radulfo (mo.), Willielmo (mo.), Roberto 
(mo.), Walterio (mo.), et pro ceteris." 

The reviewer uses the term " a founda- 
tion." S. 

My inquiry on this subject has been 
courteously replied to direct by a gentle- 
man connected with the Public Record 
Office. It incidentally appears that (as 
I had previously surmised) the reviewer I 
quoted had not unnaturally arrived at an 
erroneous conclusion. The text of the 
French roll of circa 1120 refers to the 
" Church of the Holy Trinity of Notting- 
ham." We have, however, parallel evi- 
dences testifying that this was but an early 
appellation of the great priory, of like dedica- 
tion, at Lenton, on the confines of the 



NOTES AND QUERIES- [11 s. m. JAN. 21, 1911. 



ancient borough, which it spiritually 
dominated. The inmates are further styled, 
in the earliest existing Pipe Roll, circa 1130, 
"'monks of Nottingham" a passage that 
puzzled our old-time local historians. 

A. STAPLETON. 

DEFOE METHODIST CHAPEL, TOOTING (11 S. 
ii. 505). Daniel Defoe died on 24 April, 
1731, in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, 
in which he was born. He was buried in the 
old Nonconformist burying-ground in Bun- 
hill Fields. The inscription on his monu- 
ment reads as follows : 

Daniel De Foe 
Born 1661 
Died 1731 

Author of Robinson Crusoe. 

This monument is the result of an appeal in 
The Christian World newspaper to the boys and 
girls of England for funds to place a suitable 
memorial upon the grave of 

Daniel De Foe. 

It represents the united contributions of seven- 
teen hundred persons. 

September 1870. 

HENRY TAYLOR. 
Birklands, Birkdale, Lancashire. 

Defoe was buried in Bunhill Fields, 
where exists a memorial over his grave 
(see 8 S. iii. 37). This obelisk replaced the 
original gravestone, which, according to an 
engraving in The Illustrated London News 
of 23 October, 1869, was thus inscribed : 
Daniel Defoe 

author of 

Robinson Crusoe 

who died April 24, 1731 

in his 70 th year. 

An engraving of the present memorial 
appeared in The Illustrated Times of 1 Octo- 
ber, 1870. JOHN T. PAGE. 

According to The Balham and Tooting News 
of 24 December, 1910 : 

" The secularization of the Primitive Methodist 
Chapel at Tooting, formerly in the hands of the 
Independents or Congregationalists, has revived a 
number of absurd legends about Daniel Defoe's 
association with Tooting .... The cold truth is 
that Defoe was interred in Bunhill Fields Burial- 
Ground, Finsbury." 

L. L. K. 

[DIEGO and MR. ALAN STEWART also thanked for 
replies.] 

REV. F. W. FABER (11 S. ii. 489). Faber' 
was buried, I think, at the Oratorians' villa 
at Sydenham. I believe I have seen his 
tablet there, but am not sure. 

G. W. E. RUSSELL. 



NAPOLEON AND THE LITTLE RED MAN 
(11 S. ii. 447, 511). For the full story of 
which that given at the latter reference is 
apparently an abbreviation see The Gentle- 
man's Magazine of 1815, part i. pp. 122-3, or 
" The Gentleman's Magazine Library," 
edited by G. L. Gomme, ' English Traditional 
Lore,' &c., 1885, p. 202 et seq. The article 
is signed " Gulielmus." 

The man who overheard what took place 
between Buonaparte and the Red Man was, 
according to Gulielmus, Count Mole (not 
Mole). He is described as " then counsellor 
of State, and since made Grand Judge of the 
Empire." ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

In Heine's ' Deutschland, ein Winter- 
marchen,' written in January, 1844, is an 
interesting reference to the story of the Red 
Man. The passage occurs at the beginning of 
" Kaput VI." : 

Den Paganini begleitete stets 

Ein Spiritus Familiaris, 

Manchmal als Hund, manchmal in gestalt 

Des seligen Georg Harrys. 

Napoleon sah einen roten Mann 

Vorjedem ivicht 'gen Ereignis. 

Sokrates hatte seinen Damon, 

Das war kein Hirnerzeugnis. " 

H. G. WARD. 
Aachen. 

COUNT OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 
(11 S. ii. 509). The Holy Roman Empire 
ceased to exist in 1806, when Francis II. of 
Austria resigned his right to the crown of 
Augustus. See Bryce's ' Holy Roman 
Empire,' Oxford, 1864, p. 153. Those who 
still claim to be Counts of the Holy Roman 
Empire can only do so on the ground of 
direct descent from families holding the 
title previous to 1806, and also as possessing 
in hereditary succession lands and heritages 
formerly embraced within the limits of the 
Holy Roman Empire. W. S. S. 

A Count of the Holy Roman Empire, 
who was formerly only subject to the 
imperial Government is now called " Reichs- 
graf," and is addressed as "Erlaucht." The 
chiefs of these families, called " die Haupter 
der ehemals reichsstandischen graflichen 
Familien," have a high rank at the Prussian 
Court as well as at the other German Courts. 
At the Prussian Court they have a lower 
rank than the Knights of the Order of the 
Black Eagle, the Cardinals, and the chiefs 
of the princely families (" die Haupter der 
fiirstlichen Familien"), but come before 
the vice-presidents of the Ministries of State. 
Of the above-mentioned families that of the 



ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



55 



Duke of Arenberg takes the highest rank. 
All the civil persons named above have a 
higher rank than a general, but a lower one 
than a field-marshal. H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 
[MR. HOLDEN MAcMicuAEL also thanked for reply.] 

EMINENT LIBRARIANS : J. G. COGSWELL 
(11 S. ii. 489, 538; iii. 13). Joseph Green 
Cogswell, the original librarian of the Astor 
Library, New York City, brought to this 
country the first copy of Shakespeare's First 
Folio, which he purchased for the Library in 
1849 at the now enviable price of 161. 

It may not be amiss to say here that in 
1895 the Astor and Lenox Libraries, both of 
which had received additional large endow- 
ments from the families of their respective 
founders, were consolidated with the Tilden 
Trust which possessed a fund of over two 
million dollars to form the present New 
York Public Library. The great building, 
for its main occupancy is not yet completed, 
and the Astor and Lenox branches are still 
in their original homes. The number of 
volumes possessed by the consolidated 
libraries is considerably over a million and a 
quarter, not counting more than a quarter 
million of pamphlets. M. C. L. 

New York. 

A " memorial " volume of Cogsw'ell's life 
and labours was written by Anna E. Ticknor, 
and privately printed at Boston, Massachu- 
setts, in 1874. JOHN T. LOOMIS. 

Washington, D.C. 

PAUPER'S BADGE (US. ii. 487). It may 
perhaps be worth remembering that Edie 
Ochiltree, the old beggarman in Scott's 
* Antiquary,' is introduced to the reader as 
wearing a long blue gown with a pewter 
badge on the right arm. This appears to 
have been the usual outward adornment of 
blue-gown beggars in Scotland towards the 
close of the eighteenth century. Originally 
known as " King's Bedesmen," they de- 
generated in course of time into a class of 
recognized mendicants. On the king's birth- 
day each bedesman received a gown or cloak 
of blue cloth. He also wore a large pewter 
badge, fastened to the breast of the gown, 
containing the bearer's name, together 
with the inscription " Pass and Repass." 
At Dundee in 1892 was exhibited, among a 
number of archaeological and historical 
articles, a " Dundee beggar's badge," the 
property of a local gentleman. Every 
king's birthday a new bedesman was added 
to the number, but this practice was dis- 
continued in 1833, at which period there were 



sixty on the roll. In 1860 the number 
had diminished to one. It will be observed 
that the Scottish differed from the English 
badge required under the Act of William III. 

SCOTUS. 

CHARLES FREDERICK HENNINGSEN AND 
KOSSUTH (11 S. ii. 510). There is a short 
account of Henningsen in Appleton's 
' Cyclopaedia of American Biography.' He 
is there stated to have been born in England 
of Swedish parents in 1815, and to have died 
in Washington in 1877. According to the 
same authority he joined the Carlist army 
in 1834 and rose to the rank of colonel, 
served in the Russian army in Circassia, was 
with Kossuth in the Hungarian revolution, 
and went to the United States to represent 
Hungarian interests, was a brigadier-general 
under the filibustering president Walker 
of Nicaragua, and, finally, a brigadier- 
general in the Confederate army. He is said 
to have been an able artillerist, and to have 
devoted much attention to improvements 
in small arms. The titles of several of his 
published works are given. 

EDWARD BENSLY. 

Henningsen seems to have been a soldier 
of fortune. His first published work was 
a book of poetry, ' The Last of the Sophis,' 
issued by Longman in 1830. In 1831 he 
published through the same firm * Scenes 
from the Belgian Revolution.' The title 
implies some participation in Belgian affairs. 
Then comes the work by which he is, on the 
whole, best known, ' The Most Striking 
Events of a Twelvemonth's Campaign with 
Zumalacarregui in Navarre and the Basque 
Provinces,' by C. F. Henningsen, " Captain 
of Lancers in the service of Don Carlos," 
2 vols., Murray, 1836. The book is the best 
account we have of the heroic chieftain, 
whose fall sounded the death-knell of Carlist 
hopes in Spain. Subsequently Henning- 
sen seems to have betaken himself to 
Hungary, where he served under Kossuth. 

W. SCOTT. 

" KEEP WITHIN COMPASS," TAVERN SIGN 
(11 S. ii. 505). In the village of West 
Haddon, Northamptonshire, there is an 
inn known as " The Compass." Up till about 
1860 the following words were displayed 
beneath the sign : 

Keep within Compass, 

And then you '11 be sure 

To avoid many troubles 

That others endure. 

JOHN T. PAGE. 



56 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. JAN. 21, 1911. 



"OLD COCK o' WAX" (11 S. ii. 528). 
This expression had no political meaning. 
In the ' Slang Dictionary ' by Sampson 
(Pendragon of The Referee] the expression 
is " cock-a-wax," and is denned as "an 
amplification of the simple term ' Cock,' 
sometimes ' Lad of Wax,' originally applied 
to a cobbler, but now general." Every one 
must have heard the expression " old cocky- 
wax," often so pronounced and written. 

HARRY B. POLAND. 

[MB. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL and SCOTUS also 
thanked for replies.] 

LEAKE AND MARTIN-LEAKE FAMILIES 
(11 S. ii. 528). Stephen Martin-Leakc, 
Garter King-of-Arms, had a family of six 
sons and three daughters. Burke's ' Landed 
Gentry ' omits the names of the children, 
except that of the eldest son. Sarah Martin- 
Leake was probably the Garter King's 
daughter. The dates in the query seem to 
preclude the possibility of any other relation- 
ship. W. S. S. 

See 8 S. vi. 281 ; ix. 323, 463. 

JOHN T. PAGE. 

'TiT FOR TAT,' AMERICAN NOVEL (US. 
ii. 489). About the middle of the last cen- 
tury Hurst & Blackett published a novel 
in three volumes entitled ' Tit for Tat.' 
The author was Mrs. M. E. Smith, about 
whom nothing seems to be known, except 
that another novel, published about 1850, 
stands against her name. I am by no means 
certain that Mrs. M. E. Smith's ' Tit for Tat 
is the novel referred to in the query. More 
than one ' Tit for Tat ' was put before the 
public during last century. Several lady 
authors named Smith appear in the pages 
of Allibone, but he does not seem to have 
been acquainted with the writings of Mrs 
M. E. Smith. W. SCOTT. 

" WINCHESTER QUART " : " CORBYN " 
" CHOPIN " (11 S. ii. 405, 495). I have been 
familiar with the first two terms for thi 
whole of my business life, but have sough 
in vain for an explanation of them. There 
can be no doubt, I think, that " Corbyn ' 
is transferred from the firm of that nam< 
already referred to. The querist spoke of 
" Winchester quart " as indicating a bottle 
of the capacity of eighty -two ounces. 
Whatever may have been the case originally, 
the bottles now so called are of variable 
capacity, and have been so for as long as I 
can remember. A customer will order from 
his wholesale house a large or a small "Win- 
chester," according to his requirements, the 



difference being sometimes as much as- 
wenty ounces (a pint), or even more. 
Generally, however, a " Winchester " is- 
egarded as twice the size of a " Corbyn," the 
apacity of the latter being about forty 
mnces. 

I cannot find either term in any dictionary or 
ther book of reference, but Cassell's ' Encyc. 
Diet.' has : " A Winchester pint, i.e., a quart. 

Seal'd Winchester of threepenny guzzle.' T, 
Brown, ' Works,' ii. 180 ;" arid the ' Century 
Diet.' : " Winchester pint, a measure a 
ittle more than a wine-pint and less than a 
Deer-pint." Winchester measure was formerly 
standard measure. " Winchester pint " is. 
lot often heard now in the drug trade, but I 
:ancy it would not necessarily indicate any 
definite quantity only roughly the size of 
the bottle. C. C. B. 

What W. I. has often enjoyed in Germany 
was, no doubt, a " Schoppen " of Rhenish 
wine. In Fluegel's dictionary the meaning 
of " Schoppen " is given as " scoop, chopin, 
pint " ; but " chopin " is not to be found in 
the English-German part. L. L. K. 

" Chopin," or rather " Chopine," is really 
only a French borrowing from the German 
" Schoppen," which means half a bottle. 
An excellent account of the word is given in 
Grimm's great German dictionary. It is 
not at all uncommon for the French to 
borrow German words connected with 
drinking, as they have done in this case. 

H. G. WARD. 

Aachen. 
[MB. M. L. R. BRESLAR also thanked for reply.] 

MOVING PICTURES TO CINEMATOGRAPHS 
(11 S. ii. 502, 537). Many additions could be 
made to MR. TOM JONES'S excellent note if 
the title was intended to cover all paintings 
with mechanical effects and the repro- 
ductions with movement of scenes. It is 
difficult, however, to realize from the descrip- 
tions on the showmen's handbills if the 
pictures are only working models or actually 
full-sized panoramas. Here are a few 
examples taken at random. 

The " Akolouthorama," painted by G. D. 
! Gibbs, was exhibited at 213, Piccadilly, in 
! 1844. It was a series of scenes to illustrate 
| the Prince de Joinville's Expedition to 
i Mogadore. There evidently were some 
| mechanical effects, as the last picture is 
i described as " Allegorical Picture. Moga- 
i dore, Morning. The French Squadron before 
| the town Bombardment Conflagration 
! and destruction of the City." 



s. m. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIP:S. 



57 



M. Le Fort & Co. had a " Mechanical and 
Picturesque Cabinet " at 35, Piccadilly, 
circa 1814. " The performance " concluded 
with " A Storm at Sea " : 

" This view is accompanied with all the cha- 
racteristic phenomena, an agitated sea .... clouds 
which, by degrees, obscure the sky. . . .lightning, 
thunder, &c. .... Vessels beating against the 
tempest struck by a thunderbolt, and engulphed 
in the waves ; in fine, the seamen, endeavouring 
to save themselves from the neighbouring rocks, 
offer a faithful representation of nature." 

Marshall's panoramas, exhibited (1823) at 
The Great Room, Spring Gardens, moved. 
His " Grand Historical Perestrephic Pano- 
rama of the Coronation Procession " was 
accompanied by a full military band, 
" finger organ, &c." There must have been 
many similar efforts to give reality by motion 
to panoramas and their predecessors, and 
careful research between 1780 and 1830 
should produce some interesting additional 
data. ALECK ABBAHAMS. 

MB. TOM JONES gives the date of Philip- 
stal's Phantasmagoria as about 1848 (11 S. 
ii. 503, col. 2) ; but it would seem that the 
invention should have been dated nearly 
half a century earlier, as the ' N.E.D.' 
under ' Phantasmagoria ' has the following 
quotation from Brewster's ' Natural Magic,' 
iv. 80, published in 1831 : "An exhibition 
depending on these principles was brought 
out by M. Philipstal in 1802, under the name 
of the Phantasmagoria." A description 
follows similar to that supplied by MB. 
JONES. J. R. THOBNE. 

The meaning of the first correction at the 
second reference is far from clear. It is said 
to apply to "the last sentence in col. 1, 
p. 503." Possibly it is meant to apply 
to the end of the fourth paragraph of that 
column. ROBEBT PIEBPOINT. 

[MR. PIERPOINT is right. The words " of the 
fourth paragraph " should have followed " the 
last sentence."] 

COBN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST 
MILLEB (11 S. ii. 508; iii. 12). In Rother- 
ham Churchyard, Yorkshire, is a recumbent 
stone bearing inter alia the following in- 
scription : In 

memory of 

Edward Swair 

who departed this 

life June 16th 1781 

aged 50 years. 

Here lies a man which farmers lov'd 
Who always to them constant proved 
Dealt with freedom just and fair 
An honest miller all declare. 

JOHN T. PAGE. 



The epitaph quoted by MB. LEONABD 
HODSON (ante, p. 13) as American and 
possibly apocryphal is neither the one nor 
the other. A diarist in 1787 saw it in the 
churchyard of Calne, co. Wilts. 

S. H. A. H. 

In the old gleaning days, when the result 
of a month's gleanings had been " rubbed 
out" by hand, or in some cases "flailed" 
on a bedroom floor, the grain was sent to the 
mill for grinding. Often there was wonder- 
ing how it would turn out, for there was a 
saying that the Miller stood with one hand 
on his hopper, the other in your sack. There 
was also another saying which ran : " Take 
an honest butcher's hat, throw it in an 
honest miller's dam, and dry it in an honest 
baker's oven." If such a combination could 
be found, the hat would cure a toothache. 
THOS. RATCLIFFE. 

R's OF SAILOBS (11 S. ii. 527). In the 
muster-book R, meaning " run," was placed 
against the names of deserters : see ' N.E.D.,' 
viii. 81, where a quotation of 1706 gives the 
very phrase "have their R's taken off." 

W. C. B. 

[MB. TOM JONES and W. S. S. also thanked for 
replies.] 

ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S. 
ii. 488 ; iii. 15). The passage referred to 
by MB. G. W. E. RUSSELL occurs in Charles 
Kingsley's ' Two Years Ago,' at the end of 
the second chapter. 

I do not think it was so much a mis- 
quotation by Kingsley as a purposed adapta- 
tion of the Laureate's lines to suit his own 
prose text. W. B. H. 

[MB. R. A. POTTS also refers to ' Two Years Ago.'] 

INSCBIPTIONS IN CHUBCHES AND CHUBCH- 
YABDS (US. ii. 389, 453, 492, 537). Some 
remarks made on this subject are very much 
to the point. I have for long been interested 
in churchyard inscriptions, thinking they 
have been too much neglected. 

I collected all those in the churchyard of 
High Halden, Kent, and they were printed 
in 1895 (noticed in ' N. & Q.'). 

I transcribed all those in the churchyard 
of Hail sham, Sussex, and gave the volume 
to a resident interested in local history. 

I also transcribed all in the churchyard of 
West Putford, Devonshire, and a fair copy 
of them was placed in the church chest. 

I did the same for the old churchyard 
beyond Ore, Sussex, and the Rector placed 
the collection in the parish chest. 



58 



NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. m. JAN. 21, 1911. 



The churchyard of St. Mary Redcliff, 
Bristol, is enclosed, and I understood there 
would be objections to the inscriptions being 
transcribed. But I made an exact copy of 
all the inscriptions within this splendid 
church, and gave the volume to Mr. Cross, 
the well-informed head verger. For the 
very lengthy Penn inscription I had to use a 
long ladder, and the verger had the inscrip- 
tion printed so that it could be sold to 
visitors ; and it was printed in ' N. & Q.' also 
(9 S. iv. 285), but has not, I believe, appeared 
in any book. 

In all these cases I was surprised to find 
how perseverance, and the application some- 
times of a sponge with water, enabled words, 
apparently obliterated, to be recovered. 
The remark about keeping the church and 
churchyard inscriptions separate is, I think, 
practical ; and I have long been of the same 
opinion. Church inscriptions generally have 
not been neglected, and numbers of them 
have been entered in county histories, and 
those that have not been recorded are well 
protected. It is the very opposite with 
churchyard inscriptions. They, with few 
exceptions, have not been copied ; they are 
exposed to every form of bad weather, and 
every year defaces some inscriptions. Yet 
they are a curious and interesting class of 
istone records, and numbers of them contain 
information not elsewhere found. Perhaps 
the easiest and most practical method would 
be for some society of good standing to 
agree to be the official custodian of all 
out-of-door mortuary inscriptions in Eng- 
land. Private persons could .then send 
their transcripts to this centre, where they 
would be filed and indexed, and printed if 
opportunity offered. At least they would 
be preserved for reference, &c. L. M. B. 

COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS 
WAY" (11 S. iii. 10). This hymn first 
appeared anonymously in the Bev. J. 
Newton's ' Twenty-Six Letters on Beligious 
Subjects, to which are added Hymns, &c., by 
Omicron.' This work was published in 1774. 
The hymns are fourteen in number ; the 
one in question is entitled ' Light shining 
out of Darkness.' It contains six stanzas : 
the fifth, referred to by MR. SURR, runs 
thus : 

His purposes will ripen fast, 

Unfolding every hour ; 
The bud may have a bitter taste, 

But sweet will be the flower. 

It is commonly thought that the hymn was 
composed soon after an attack of suicidal 
mania at Olney in October, 1773, but 



Canon Julian thinks it probable that it was- 
really written about six months afterwards, 
in April, 1774, shortly before publication, 
when the poet's mind had somewhat re- 
covered. The authorship was not disclosed 
until 1779 in the ' Olney Hymns.' 

W. T. LYNN. 

Blaokheath. 

In my copy of the first edition of the 
' Olney Hymns,' published in 1779, this 
appears as Hymn XV. in the third book. 
It is preceded by the letter " C.," indicating 
Cowper's authorship. I understand it wa& 
the last hymn he wrote for his friend 
Newton's collection. There are six verses, 
of which the one referred to by MR. SURR 
is the fifth. It is printed thus : 
His purposes will ripen fast, 

Unfolding ev'ry hour ; 
The bud may have a bitter taste, 
But sweet will be the llow'r. 

JOHN T. PAGE. 
Long Itchington, Warwickshire. 

Julian's ' Dictionary of Hymnology, r 
p. 1642, says that the verse in MS. runs, 
The bud may have a bitter taste, 

But wait to smell the flower. 
In print the last line appeared as 
But sweet will be the flower. 
A reference is given to ' N. & Q.,' 24 Sept. r 
1905. LAWRENCE PHILLIPS. 

[The reference is wrong. It should have been 
to 24 Sept., 1904 (10 S. ii. 244). C. C. B. and MR, 
R. A. POTTS also thanked for replies.] 

'PILGRIM'S PROGRESS' IMITATED (11 S, 
iii. 9). ' The Progress of the Pilgrim Good- 
Intent ' was written by Mary Anne Burges- 
(1763-1813), whose biography is included 
in the ' D.N.B.' The book appeared first 
in 1800, and ran through several editions, the 
tenth appearing in 1822. 

M. A. M. MACALISTER, 

ISOLA FAMILY (US. ii. 525). The testi- 
mony to Agostino Isola's character by 
Henry Gunning has not escaped Mr. E. V. 
Lucas, and is duly recorded by him in the 
* Life of Charles Lamb.' SUSSEX, 

" CAEQEHOUIAS " (US. iii. 9). In place 
of this portentous ghost-word I would 
suggest cacophonias. When the two are 
written side by side, it is easy to see how the 
misprint occurred. EDWARD BENSLY. 

Not having seen the original letter, I 
should "humbly suggest " cacophonies." 

C. J. 



ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



on 



ir//i8 about Jerusalem. By the Rev. J. E. 
Hanauer. (London Society for Promoting 
Christianity among the Jews.) 

THOUGH written by a missionary and published 
by a missionary society, this is a book of un- 
restricted interest, being, in fact, a learned, 
closely detailed survey of Jerusalem and its 
immediate surroundings, from a point of view 
entirely human, by one who is regarded as the 
chief authority on the folk-lore and topography 
of Palestine. 

Mr. Hanauer is a native of Jerusalem, and has 
spent most of his life there. He has seen ex- 
plorers, excavators, come and go ; has weighed 
their theories, but has kept an open mind. The 
present work, so unpretentious in appearance, is 
the result of the personal investigation and 
research of fifty years ; and, though it purports 
to be little more than a gossiping guide-book for 
the Protestant pilgrim, offers a mine of informa- 
tion to all future writers on Jerusalem. It con- 
tains more curious local knowledge than did the 
author's ' Folk-lore of the Holy Land ' ; which 
is saying much. On the first page we learn the 
reason why the southern and eastern faces of the 
older buildings of the city have an ochre tinge 
" a remarkable shower of yellow mud that fell 
early in February, 1857, plastering the houses 
from top to bottom " ; and every page has its 
touch of personal reminiscence giving life to the 
dry bones of archaeology. 

Mr. Hanauer describes Jerusalem as he first 
remembers it in 1860. In those days there were 
only three houses outside the walls, and those 
quite newly built. "The gates were closed at 
sunset, and also on Fridays " for two hours while 
the garrison was at mosque, and a special permit, 
" not always obtainable," was required before 
one could enter or leave the city : 

" The writer, on several occasions about 1867, 
when he was serving on Sir Charles Warren's 
excavations, had himself lowered by a rope over 
the city wall in order to be at his appointed post 
outside the town. . . .The roadway was unpaved. 
In the rainy season there was a ' slough of des- 
pond ' outside the gateway, and in the open space 
inside, within the city, a pond about one foot 
deep," which could be passed on stepping-stones 
kindly provided by the municipality. " In 
summer the bed of the little lake was encumbered 
with all sorts of filth, and not unfrequently by the 
rotting carcases of dogs, cats, and smaller crea- 
tures." The tannery close to the Church of the 
Holy Sepulchre and the shambles at the entrance 
to the Jewish quarter nuisances preserved by 
the Muslims expressly to annoy the " infidels " 
\\-i-re then still in existence. 

Mr. Hanauer is that most useful of beings, the 
local antiquary, a born lover of things ancient, 
who, in a modest station and with few books of 
reference, has yet, by patience and indefatigable 
industry, made himself completely master of his 
subject. He is acquainted with every stone of 
the city, and knows Hebrew and Arabic tho- 
roughly as modern languages. His descriptions 
of the Haram esh-Sherif (the Temple Area) and 



of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre are the result 
of personal research, and will astonish casual 
writers on those subjects. The book abounds 
in matter worthy of quotation, and by quotation, 
only can we hope to indicate its scope and value ^ 
We choose at random : 

" Christian ^Street is remarkably straight and,, 
for the first part of its course, level, the reason 
being that in that part it passes along the top 
of a huge and very ancient dam or causeway, 
which forms the eastern limit of the Pool of 
Hezekiah. The western side of the dam-top has 
houses built along it ; that is why this remarkable 
specimen of ancient engineering, which is about 
200 ft. long and 50 wide, escapes notice." 

" As we walk through the old bazaars. . . .here 
and there where the white-washed plaster has 
fallen we remark old lettering cut into the stones ;: 
generally a capital T or ' Seta Anna.' The former 
shows that the shops or buildings on which it 
occurs belonged to the Knights Templars, and the- 
latter marks the property of the Crusaders' 
church and nunnery of St. Anne just inside 
St. Stephen's Gate. The new buildings which 
in the last twenty years have been erected by the 
Greeks are in like manner marked with <, the 
monogram of ' taphos,' the Sepulchre." 

"To escape from the throng we turn aside into 
a coffee-shop with a thoroughfare leading right 
through it, an old cruciform church . . . .Tradition 
says that it was built on the site of the house- 
which belonged to Zebedee. The Franciscans 
curiously hold that the reason why St. John was 
known to the high priest was the very simple one 
that the family of Zebedee used to supply the high* 
priest's family with fish from the lake of Gennes- 
areth ; and, as that was at least three days'" 
journey from Jerusalem, the Apostle's parents 
must have had a dwelling and a place of business 
in the Holy City." 

Mr. Hanauer offers a new suggestion as to the 
origin of the Greek ceremony of the Holy Fire. 
Quoting Eusebius, though at second hand, he 
writes : 

" It was on the great Vigils of the Feast of 
Easter, when oil was wanting for the church, and 
the drawers were greatly perplexed, that he 
[Narcissus, Bishop of ^lia Capitolina A.D. 180- 
222] ordered them to draw water from the nearest 
well, which, being consecrated by his prayers, and 
poured into the lamps with sincere faith in the 
Lord, contrary to all reason and expectation, 
by a miraculous and Divine power, was changed 
into the fatness of oil." 

It was Mr. Hanauer who, some years ago, 
succeeded in identifying the Philip D'Aubeny 
whose tombstone is before the doorway of the 
Church of the Sepulchre with Sir Philip D'Aubeny, 
tutor of our Henry TIL In his description of the- 
Mosque El Aksa, in the present work, he writes 
of the so-called " Tomb of the Sons of Aaron " : 
" It marks the last resting-place of some of the 
murderers of Th omas a Becket. . . .Their epitaph,, 
now totally effaced, ran, translated into English, 
thus : ' Here lie the wretches who martyred the 
blessed Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury.' " 

By way of adverse criticism we must say that 
the book is much too full of learned matter to 
serve its purpose as a simple guide-book for the- 
pious. 



60 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. JAN. 21, 1911. 



BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY. 

MR. BERTRAM DOBELL'S Catalogue 191 has 
lists under Angling and Astrology. Under 
Bacon are his ' Essays ' and ' Advancement of 
Learning,' 4to, calf, 1629, the two works bound 
in one, in fine condition, 61. 6s. Under Costume 
are 48*etchings of female costume, 1643-9, 11. 5s. 
Works under Drama include Joseph Knight's 
copy of Randall's ' Rival Managers,' with his 
book-plate and signature, 7s. Qd. Under James 
Hogg is the first edition of the first publication 
of the Ettrick Shepherd, Edinburgh, 1801, uncut, 
11 12s. Under Thomas Hood are first editions. 
Under Juvenile is the Rev. E. Mangin's ' Stories 
for Short Students,' 1829, 3s. Qd. it contains a 
curious account of Shakespeare : " But with all 
this he had, as a writer, many great faults, for 
some of which he deserves to be despised or hated 
by the wise and good." Under Lytton is a rare 
item * Weeds and Wild Flowers,' not published, 
Paris 1826, 11. 10s. ; under Natural History are 
the privately printed works of Theo. Johnson ; 
and under Thomas Love Peacock are first 
editions. There is a list under Shakespeare. 
Shelley items include his ' Letters to Elizabeth 
Kitchener,' edited by Thomas Wise, first edition, 
.one of a very few on vellum, 2 vols,, privately 
rHntpd 1890, 4L 4s. Under Swinburne is the 
first edition of ' Poems and Ballads,' Moxon, 1866, 
A fine copy of the original issue, with the original 
title-page, SI. 8s. The first edition of ' Endymion,' 
.enclosed in crushed blue-morocco slip case, is Q51. ; 
and the first edition of ' The Newcomes,' 2 ! vols., in 
the original parts, Ql. 6s. There is a list of Foreign 
Books, chiefly French. 

Mr J Jacobs's Catalogue 55 opens with 
souvenirs of Marion Crawford, being volumes 
from his library containing his autograph signa- 
ture and his book-plate. Other items include 
under Byron, bound in one volume, The Giaour, 
Iftia 'The Corsair,' 1814, and ' The Bride of 
Ahydos,' with the rare errata, 1813, OZ. 9s. Under 
Diamond Necklace Affair are ' Memoires jxisti- 
ficatifs de la Comtesse de Valois de la Motte, 
half-calf a Londres, 1788, 31. 3s. Books on 
London include Stow, black-letter, 1603 2* 2s. 
Other items are Phillips's ' New World of Words, 
1671 11 ' ' Encyclopaedic Dictionary, 8 vols., 
4to, half -morocco," 1902-4, 11. 15s. ; ' Harmsworth 
Encyclopaedia,' 8 vols., 4to, 11. 10s ; Michaelis s 
< AnJaent Marbles,' translated by Fennell, 1881 
15s.; and Pickering's 'Spenser, 5 vols., half - 
ralf 1825 21 5s. Under New Testament is the 
first Spanish Protestant edition (by Cypriano de 
Valera), 1596, 21. 15s. (not represented at the 
Caxton Exhibition). There are many works 
under Music. 

Mr. G. A. Poynder's Reading Catalogue 57 
contains under Architecture an extra-illustrated 
.copy of Sharpe's ' Architecture of the Cistercians, 
4to, morocco, 1874-6, 31. 3s. Under Botany are 
Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vols. I.-XX. 1 
10 vols., tree calf, 1803-4, 21. 12s Qd. ; and 
Paxton's Maqazine, 16 vols., half-morocco, 
1840-48, 61. 15s. The general portion includes 
BryctN 'American Commonwealth,' Library 
Edition, 3 vols., 1888 3L 3s.; De Morgan s 
' Budget of Paradoxes,' first edition 1872, 21 5s ; 
Fielding and Walton's ' English Lakes, large 
-paper, arge 4to, half -morocco, Ackermann, 1821, 



4Z. 10s. ; and Barrington's ' Ireland,' 2 vols., 
imperial 4to, half green morocco, 1833, 21. 15s. 
(this was officially suppressed). There are works 
under Illustrations of the Sixties, Longevity, and 
Occult. Under Music is Hill's ' Organs of the 
Middle Ages,' 2 vols., imperial folio, cloth gilt, 
tops uncut, 1883-91, 51. 10s. ; and under Milton 
is Sir E. Brydges's edition with the Turner illus- 
trations, 6 vols., half-morocco, 1835, 21. 2s. 

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.] 



NICOLAS MORY. We regret to record the death 
on Thursday evening, the 12th inst., at Boulogne- 
sur-Mer, of M. Nicolas Mory. It was to him we 
owed the first notice of the valuable discoveries 
made by M. Magne at Fontevrault, and at the 
time of his death he and his eldest son were taking 
steps to ascertain for us the origin of the copies 
at the Crystal Palace of the effigies from the 
Plantagenet tombs. M. Mory was fond of 
antiquarian pursuits, had a good knowledge of 
the classics, and delighted in quoting Horace. 
He was a friend of Mariette, the French Egypt- 
ologist, and was proud to point out the statue 
of him close to his residence in the Boulevard 
Mariette. 

On the 26th of August, 1905, we had a note 
stating that Nicolas Alexandre Toussaint Mory, 
the grandfather of the subject of this notice, 
brought copies of the Treaty of Peace in 1815 to 
London, for publication in the English press. It 
had appeared in the Moniteur on the 26th of 
November, and within thirty-three hours Mory 
arrived in London with copies of it. The treaty 
appeared the following morning in all the London 
papers, where the French Ambassador read it 
for the first time. It was not until the same 
day that the official news was received at Calais. 

M. Mory will be long mourned by a large circle 
of friends. He had that true courtesy of the 
heart which endears a man to all. 



10 (K0msp0ntontj8u 



WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, 
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value 
of old books and other objects or as to the means of 
disposing of them. 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub- 
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E.G. 

To secure insertion of communications corre- 
spondents must observe the following rules. Let 
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate 
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and 
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer- 
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous 
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to 
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact 
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat 
queries are requested to head the second com- 
munication " Duplicate." 

C. N. ("Ashen Faggot "). See the articles at 
10 S. iii. 86, 236. 



ii s. m. JAN. 28, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



61 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1911. 



CONTENTS.-No. 57. 

NOTES : Lamb, Burton, and Francis Spiera, 61 Gray's 
' Elegy ' : Translations and Parodies, 62 Signs of Old 
London, 64 "First Aerial Ship," 65 Sweetapple sur- 
name" Chartuary " : " Tale " " Hie locus odit, amat," 
&c., 66 "Gourd" or " Goord," Building Term Con- 
spirators of 1582, 67. 

QUERIES : "Tertium Quid " ' Casabianca ' John of 
Cosington, 67 Dickens and " Shallabalah " ' Pickwick ' 
Queries Rev. J. Bonar William of Ware Dryden as a 
Place-Name Early Ships named Victory, 68 Beatrix 
Gordon Bird Quotations Swallow in Greek Carol 
* Farewell to the Swallows 'Bagdad Adders' Fat and 
Deafness Jacobus Clerk Col. Oakes and Queen Caro- 
line's Funeral, 69 Sheffield Plate Dish Newenham 
Abbey Chertsey Cartularies Jeremy Smith Marquis 
of Ormonde's Guard Belfast Registers Irish Book of 
Remembrance Alexander Holmes, 70. 

RE PLIES -.-Milton Bibles, 70-Sophie Dawes Miss 
Wykeham Lady Conyngham ' Young Folks,' 71 T. 
Hare M. G. Drake J. Forsyth-Coryatand Westminster 
School "Elze"= Already Royal Christmases at Glou- 
cester SS. Prothus and Hyacinthus, 72-Guichard 
d'Angle Isaac Jamineau, 73 The Stair Divorce" Die 
in beauty " " All comes out even," &c Holwell Family 
Alexander Glenny Christmas Bough Thackeray and 
the Stage Exhibition of 1851, 74 Early Graduation 
' Kossuth Coppered 'Rev. J. Peacock Andrew Arter's 
Memorial Quaker Oats W. Mears, Bellfounder, 75 
Ship lost in the Fifties Alfleri in England 'Tit for 
Tat' Authors Wanted Riddle of Claret, 76 Water- 
Shoes Arms of Somerset Pitt on Disfranchisement, 77 
Rats and Plague Hackney and Tom Hood Goats and 
Cows" Puckled "- Capt. Witham at Gibraltar, 78. 

NOTES ON BOOKS:-' A Suffolk Hundred in 1283' 
Traherne's Poems More's 'Utopia.' 

Booksellers' Catalogues. 



LAMB, BURTON, AND FRANCIS 
SPIERA. 

IN the third appendix to his * Life of Charles 
Lamb,' 1905, vol. ii. p. 324, Mr. E. V. Lucas 
includes among " the actual volumes which 
Lamb possessed, as described in various 
catalogues," the following : " Springer. 
Relation of the Fearful Estate of Francis 
"Spira. 12mo " ; and adds that the copy 
contains a MS. note, "This Book was written 
by one Springer, a lawyer." As Mr. Lucas 
refrains from any comment on this curiously 
inaccurate ascription, it may be as well to 
show, in the first place, that there was no 
.such a person as " Springer, a lawyer," and, 
secondly, that the man out of whose name 
this phantom has been called up was not the 
author of the above-mentioned book. 

There can, I think, be no reasonable doubt 
that Lamb, if it was he who made the 
memorandum, had drawn an erroneous 
inference from a passage in his favourite 
Burton : 

There is a most memorable example of Francis 
JSpira an Advocate of Padua. A* 1545. that being 



desperate, by no counsell of learned men could 
bee comforted, hee felt as he said, the paines 
of hell in his soule, in all other things hee dis- 
coursed a right, but in this most mad. Fris- 
melica, Bellouat and some other excellent Physi- 
tians, could neither make him eat, drinke," or 
sleepe, no perswasion could ease him. Neuer 
pleaded any man so well for himselfe, as this man 
did against himselfe, and so he desperatly died : 
Springer a Lawyer hath written his life." 
' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 3.4.2.4, pp. 780- 
781, 1st ed., 1621. 

To " Francis Spira " there is a marginal note 
" Goulart." The title of Simon Goulart's 
work in which Spiera' s story can be read is 
' Histoires Admirables et Memorables de 
Nostre Temps.' A second edition of this 
(first vol.) was published at Rouen in 1606. 
The part about Spiera is fol. 120 verso 
125 verso. I suspect, however, that Burton 
had been " tumbling over " an English 
translation, " Admirable And Memorable 
Histories Containing the wonders of our 
time. Collected into French out of the best 
Authors. By I. [sic] Goulart. And out of 
French into English. By Ed. Grimeston," 
London, 1607. This version shares with the 
French editions that I have examined the 
blunder of 1545 for 1548, but shows several 
verbal resemblances to Burton's text : " for 
in all other things he discoursed grauely and 
constantly," p. 188 ; " neyther was there 
euer man heard pleading better for himselfe, 
then Spiera did then against himselfe," 
p. 194 ; " This which is worthy of considera- 
tion among the Histories of our time, is 
drawne out of a discourse published by 
Maister Henrie Scringer [the French has 
"M. Henri Scrimger"], a learned Lawyer," 
p. 196. The learned lawyer was Henry 
Scrymgeour or Scrimger, 1506-72. See 
' D.N.B.' Under the designation of 
; Henricus Scotus " he was the author of 
' Exemplvm Memorabile Desperationis In 
Francisco Spera Propter Abiuratam Fidei 
Confessionem ' on pp. 62-95 of ' Francisci 
Spierse, Qui Quod susceptam semel Euange- 
licse ueritatis professionem abnegasset, dam- 
nassetque, in horrendam incidit despera- 
tionem, Historia A quatuor summis viris, 
summa fide conscripta," &c., Basel, 1550. 
The transition from Scringer to Springer 
may have been hastened by the fact that 
Jakob Sprenger, part author of 'Malleus 
Maleficarum,' figures in Burton more than 
once as Springer. 

Thus far concerning Springer ; but who 
wrote the book in Lamb's library ? This 
work in the earliest edition that I have come 
across (London, 1649) bears the title "A 
Relation Of The Fearful Estate Of Francis 
Spira, In the year 1548. Compiled by 



62 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. ra. JAN. 28, 1911. 



Natth. [sic] Bacon, Esq." I have seen 
another edition of 1653. The imprimatur 
is dated December 2, 1637. The writer of 
the life of Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660. 
in the ' D.N.B.' is clearly wrong when, after 
saying that Bacon " has also been credited 
with the authorship of the curious piece 
(probably a translation) ' A Relation,' " 
&c., and mentioning that the first edition 
was published anonymously in 1638, he 
proceeds : "It was not, apparently, until 
the publication of that of 1665, some years 
after his death, that it was said on the title- 
page to have been ' compiled ' by Nathaniel 
Bacon." With respect to Bacon's sources, 
he plainly states in his preface that his 
work is largely based on the various writers 
in the ' Historia ' : 

" I acknowledge that there hath been formerly 
a Book published in our Mother tongue, con- 
cerning this subject, but as far as I can learn 
(for I could never yet obtain any of them) it 
was nothing so large and various as this present 
Treatise, and as I have heard, a translation of 
only one of the Tractates from whence I have 
gathered this present Discourse in part. Con- 
cerning my care and fidelitie in this businesse, it 
is such as I may truely say without changing of 
colour, that there is not one sentence of all this 
Work attributed unto the person of Spira, but it 
hath its warrant, either from the Epistles of 
Vergerius and Gribaldus, Professours of the Law 
in Padua, or from the discourses of Hen. Scringer 
a Scotish man, Sigismund Gelons [sic] a Tran- 
silvanian, and Mart. Bocha [sic] a Divine of Basil : 
neither have I taken any other libertie then as a 
relation to weave the aforesaid Discourses one 
within another, so as those which under several 
Writers, were before counted several, are now 
by my indeavours reduced into one intire History, 
connexed by due succession of time and occasion." 
Ed. 1653. 

It should be added that the writer of an 
" Introduction " to the book speaks of 
having compared 

" this labour of a worthy Gentleman (who faith- 
fully translated it out of Italian, French and Dutch 
Letters) with the Latine of Codius Secundus 
Curio, Mattheus Gribaldus,. . . .Sigismond Gelous a 
Transilvanian, Henricus Scotus [i.e., the writers 
in the ' Historia '], and find it accord with them." 
Ed. 1653, and at end of ed. 1649. 

The book " formerly published in our 
Mother tongue " I take to be ' A notable and 
maruailous epistle of the famous Doctor, 
Mathewe Gribalde, professor of the law, in the 
vniversity of Padua : concerning the terrible 
iudgement of god, vpon hym that for feare 
of men, denyeth Christ and the knowen 
veritie : uyth a Preface of Doctor Caluine. 
Translated out of Latin intoo English by 
E. A. Anno 1550, in August,' the translator, 
as shown by an acrostical epigram on A v 
verso, was Edward Aglionby. Robert Bur- 



ton's copy of this book is in the Bodleian, 
which also possesses his copy of the 
' Francisci Spierse .... Historia ' of 1550 
mentioned above. EDWARD BENSLY. 



GRAY'S * ELEGY ' : 
TRANSLATIONS AND PARODIES. 

BY the interest in this subject shown in the- 
past by readers of ' N. & Q.,' I am led to 
think that a check-list of the various- 
translations, parodies, and imitations will 
prove useful ; besides, I wish to ask several 
questions which, after working through the 
British Museum and other collections, I ara 
Btill unable to answer. 

I. TRANSLATIONS. 

See 1 S. i. 101, 138, 150, 221, 306, 389 p 
2 S. iii. 88 ; 5 S. iv. 255 ; 6 S. ii. 466 ; 10 S, 
i. 487 ; ii. 92, 175 ; v. 306, 357, 428, 477, 511, 

Armenian. 

Anonymous. In ' Beauties of English Poets,' 
Venice, 1852, pp. 149-77. 

French. 

D. B. In his ' Poesies de Gray, traduites en 
rangais,' Paris, 1797. Reprinted by Le Mierre, 
Paris, 1798. In the * Biogr. universelle,' 1857,. 
xvii. 405, D. B. is identified as M. Dubois, cure" of 
Angers. What is the authority for this ? 

P. Guedon de Berchere. Croydon, Surrey,. 
1788. 

Pierre Jean George Cabanis. When and where- 
was this first published ? 

P. J. Charrin, Paris, 1808. Reprinted by MM, 
Roger, ' Le champ du repos,' Paris, 1816, ii. 401-7,. 
and by Torri, 1817. 

Francois de Chateaubriand. In his ' (Euvres- 
completes,' Paris, 1836, xxiv. 43 ff. 

Marie Joseph de Chequer. Paris, An 13 (1805). 

J. Martin, 1839, erroneously ascribes it to- 
lie Tourneur. Reprinted by Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.. 

Louis Pierre Couret de Villeneuve. According 
to The Literary World, New York, 1849, v. 405,. 
a translation was made by this writer. I have 
not been able to find it. 

Antoine de Cournand. In La Decade Philo- 
sophique. 30 Messidor, 1802, iv. 182-5. 

L. D. Chatham, 1806. Who was he ? 

Dubois. See under D. B., above. 

A. Elwall. Paris, 1887. 

Fayolle. Information desired concerning this; 
Tanslation, which I have not been able to see. 

Gaston. In the ' Petite encyclopedic poe"tique,' 
1804, p. 161. 

Jacques Louis Grenus. In ' Fables diverges,' 
Paris, 1807, ii. 323-30. Was there any earlier- 
edition ? Reprinted by Torri, 1817. 

Alfred J. U. Hennet. In his 'Po^tiqueanglaise,*" 
>aris, 1806, iii. 368-79. 

L. C. Hoyau. In his ' Poe"sies traduites en 
ers francais,' Paris, 1837, 8vo. 

Nicholas le Deist de Kerivalant. In * Al- 
manach des Muses,' Paris, 1797, pp. 147-52- 
Also Paris, 1804. 



ii s. m. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Citizen Kivalant. Same as K^rivalant, q.v. Cf . 
' Bibl. universelle,' Paris, 1858, xxi. 541. 

Le Mierre. See under D. B. above. 

Did Le Tourneur translate the Elegy ? Cf. 
the statement above under Ch^nier. 

Ilippolyte Marvint. In his * Souvenirs de 
college,' Paris, 1840. 

Madame Susanne Curchod de Nasse Necker. 
In her ' Varietes litteraires,' Paris, 1768, iv. 168. 
1 have not been able to see this, and should be 
glad to have the reference verified or corrected. 

.1. Roberts. London, 1875. 

Sapinaud. In ' Le cimetiere et Le printemps 
traduits,' Paris, 1822, 8vo. 

Adrien de Sarrazin. In an appendix to his 
' Quatre printemps de Kleist,' Paris, 1802. 

F. D. V. Paris, 1813. 

Villevielle. Writing to Nicholls on 22 May, 

1770, Gray speaks of a Marquis de Villevielle, 
who, he says, had translated him by way of 
exercise. Was this translation ever published, 
and what poems did it include ? 

German. 

Anonymous. In The Kaleidoscope, Liverpool, 
20 May, 1823, N.S. iii. 372-3. 

Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter. 1771. Information 
desired concerning the first edition. Said to have 
appeared also in the ' Musen Almanach,' but 
I cannot find it there. Also in his ' Gedichte,' 

1771, i. 132-45, and in Torri, 2nd ed., 1813. 
Ludwig Theoboul Kosengarten. In his 

' Gedichte,' Vienna, 1816, i. 123 (I have not seen 
this), and in Torri, 1817. Did this appear in the 
' Musen Almanach ' ? 

William Mason. In Torri, 1817 ; said to have 
appeared in Mason's German translation of 
Gray's works, Leipsic, 1776. Information desired 
concerning this work, which is not listed in Kayser 
and is not in the British Museum. 

Niclas Muller. New York, 1874. In the 
Boston Public Library. 

Johann Baptist Bupprecht. In his ' Poetical 
Translations from the English,' Part I., Vienna, 
1812, pp. 62-8. Have not seen this. Reprinted 
in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843. 

Johann Gottfried Seume. In his ' Collected 
Poems,' Riga, 1801, which 1 have not seen. Any 
earlier edition ? Did it appear in the ' Musen 
Almanach ' ? It is in his ' Sammtliche Werke,' 
Leipsic, 1826, i. 6-12 and v. 16-22. 

Greek. 

Giosafatte Cipriani. In Torri, 1817. Not in 
Tom's 2nd ed., 1843. Did it appear earlier ? 

William Cooke. Cambridge, 1785. 

Charles Coote. London, 1794. 

George Denman. Cambridge, 1871. 

J. Norbury. Eton. 1793. There was also a 
2nd ed. in the same year. 

John Plumptre translated the Epitaph only, 
and appended it to his ' Ecloga sacra Alexandr 
Pope,' Wigorniffi, 1795. 

Bowyer Edward Sparke. London, 1794. 

Edward Tew. London, 1795. 

Richard Ward. In hia ' Celebria quaedam 
Anglorum poemata latine reddita,' London 
1860, pp. 79-97. 

Stephen Weston. London, 1794. 

Hebrew. 

Giuseppe Venturi. In Torri, 1817 and 1813 
in the 2nd ed. in Roman letters. 



Rossi Janos. 



Hungarian. 
Rome, 1827. 



Italian. 

Paolo Giuseppe Baraldi. Modena, Societa 
fipografica, 1816. I have not seen this. 

Antonio Buttura. In La Domenica (according 
;o Torri) ; then in his ' L'arte poetica di Boileau 
Despre'aux recata in versi italiani,' Paris, 1806, 
p. 130-36. I have seen only the latter. 

Michel Angelo Castellazzi. In Torri, 1817. 
Did this appear earlier ? 

Francesco Cavazzocca. Verona, 1835. Re- 
printed in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843. 

Melchiorre Cesarotti. Padua, 1772. 

Abbate Crocchi. In Sleator's edition, Dublin, 
1775, pp. 153-66. 

Giuseppe Gennari. Padua, Comino, 1772. 

J. Giannini. 2nd ed., London, 1782. When 
did the 1st ed. appear ? 

Domenico Gregori. In ' Scelta di ppesie di 

u celebri autori inglesi, recati in versi italiani," 
Rome, 1821, vol. i., which I have not seen. 

Agostino Isola. Cambridge, 1782. In the- 
Astor Library, New York. 

Marco Lastri. Florence, Molike, 1784. I have 
not seen this. Reprinted in Torri, 1817. 

Michele Leoni. Turin, Pomba, 1815. I have 
not seen this. Reprinted in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843. 

Lorenzo Mancini. In his ' Saggio sull' uomo e 
Lettera d' Abelardo ad Eloisa of Pope,' Florence, 
1835, which I have not seen. Reprinted in Torri, 
2nd ed., 1843. 

Angelica Palli. 1874. This is mentioned by 
Teza in Nuova Antoloc/ia, 3rd Ser. xxiii. 363. 
Where was it published ? 

Elisabetta Sesler Bond. In ' La morale inglese,' 
Venice, 1815, pp. 65 ff. This reference is from 
Torri, who reprints the translation in his 2nd ed.,. 
1843. 

Martin Sherlock. 1779 ? Cf. 10 S. ii. 92. 

E. Teza. In Nnova Antologia, 3rd ser. xxiii.. 
363-8, 16 Sept., 1889. 

Giuseppe Torelli. Verona, Carattoni, 1776. 

Domenico Trant. In Torri, 1st ed., 1817. 

Taddeo Wiel. In his ' Versioni da Thomas 
Gray, John Keats, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe- 
Shelley, Robert Browning,' Venice, 1906. 

Giacomo Zanella. In his ' Varie version! 
poetiche,' Florence, 1887. 

Japanese. 

In ' Shintaishi-Sho ' (' Poems in New Style ')- 
Tokio (? ), 1882. I should be glad of further infor- 
mation concerning this. 

Latin. 

Anonymous. ' Gray's Elegy rendered into- 
Latin Elegiacs.' Oxford, James Parker & Co.,. 
1876. 

Christopher Anstey and William Hayward 
Roberts. Cambridge, University Press, 1762. 
Published anonymously. 

Giovanni Francesco Barbieri. In Torri, 1st 
ed., 1817. 

Benedetto del Bene. Verona, Mainardi, 1817. 

W. A. Clarke. Oxford, Blackwell, 1904. 

Sir Alexander J. E. Cockburn, Lord Chief 
Justice. About 1871. Reprinted Boston, Dort- 
man, 1900. 

Giovanni Costa. Padua, Comino, 1772. 



64 



NOTES AND QUERIES. tu & m. JA*. a, 1911. 



J. D. In ' Musse Berkhamstedienses,' Berk- 
Ihamsted, McDowall, 1793. Has this translator 
been identified ? 

Henry Strahan Dickinson. Ipswich, Deck, 
1849. 

H. J. Dpdwell, 1884. Information desired 
concerning it ; how does it begin ? 

S. N. E. London, 1824, 4to. Who was the 
translator ? 

Antonio Evangelj. Padua, 1772. I have not 
seen this. 

C. C. Felton. London, Longman, 2nd ed., 
1822. When was the iirst edition published ? 

G. In The Gentleman's Magazine, 1793, Ixiii. 
69, 166, 261, 360. Who was he ? 

G[avin] H[amilton]. Edinburgh, Douglas & 
Foulis, 1877. 

D. B. Hickie. 1823, 8vo. Not in the British 
Museum. At 10 S. i. 487 this is said to be re- 
ferred to in The Classical Journal, xxviii. 377 ; 
the reference seems to be wrong. 

William Hildyard. London, 1838, 12mo. 
Not in the British Museum. 

Kobert B. Kennard. Oxford, Parker, 1892. 

Benjamin Hall Kennedy. In his ' Between 
Whiles,' London, Bell, 1877, and in ' Sabrinaj 
Corolla,' 4th ed., London, Bell, 1890. 

R. Langrishe, Eton' College. In Gray's 
Works,' ed. Mason, London, 1775, ii. 205-13. 

Robert Lloyd. In his ' Poems,' London, 1762, 
pp. 239-57. " Also in Gray's ' Poems,' Dublin, 
1768, pp. 115-25. 

John Heyrick Macaulay. In ' Arundines Cami,' 
1841. 

H. A. J. Munro. Privately printed, 1874. 

Murphy. Mentioned by Torri, 2nd ed., 1843, 
p. xv. More information desired. 

Sidney George Owen. In ' Musa Clauda,' 
Clarendon Press, 1898. 

J. Pycroft, Brighton, 1879, 8vo. Not in the 
'British Museum. What is the first line ? 

Henry T. Liddell, Earl of Ravens worth. 
Neither this nor the following is. in the British 
Museum. Information desired. 

H. Sewell. 1875. Where published ? Or is 
the edition cited by Bradshaw (p. 316), Romford, 
1876, the only one published ? 

P. B. Shelley translated the Epitaph. Printed 
in Medwin's ' Life of Shelley,' 1808 (?), i. 48. 

Canon Sheringham. 1901. I have not seen 
this. 

Goldwin Smith translated stanzas 1-3 and 
the rejected stanza beginning " Hark, how the 
-sacred calm," in ' Anthologia Oxoniensis,' 
London, 1846. 

Giuseppe Venturi. In Torri, 1st ed., 1817. 

Gilbert Wakefield. Cambridge, Archdeacon, 
1776. 

C. A. Wheelwright. In his ' Poems, Original 
.and Translated,' 2nd ed., 1811, ii. 67-78. Date 
of 1st ed. ? At 10 S. i. 487 said to be referred to in 
The Classical Journal, xi. 675 ; the reference is 
apparently wrong. 

J. Wright. London, T. Lewis, 1786. I have 
not seen this. 

I lately saw a translation (' T. Graii Elegeia 
Latine redditum ') which began " Devexum 
cecinere diem pulsa ara, boumque." The English 
and the Latin occupied pp. 4-21 of some pam- 
-phlet or book. Can any one tell me whose version 
this is and where it appeared ? Quite probably 
:it is one of those noted above. 



Portuguese. 

Anonymous (?). Four lines quoted in The 
Gentleman's Magazine, 1839, N.S. xii. 470. 

Antonio de Aracejo. According to 1 S. ii. 306,. 
said to have been privately printed at Lisbon 
toward the close of the eighteenth century. Can 
some one give the exact date ? Reprinted by 
Boulard in ' Traductions inter lin^aires,' Paris, 
1802. 

H. E. Almeida Coutinho Porto, 2nd ed., 1837. 
Date of 1st ed. ? 

Russian. ' 

V. A. Zhukovsky. In Vieslnik Evropy, Decem- 
ber, 1802, part vi. 319-25. Can any one supply 
information concerning Zhukovsky's second trans- 
lation, made in 1839 ? Cf. 10 S. v. 357. 

Spanish. 

Anonymous (?). Referred to in The Gentleman's 
Magazine, 1839, N.S. xii. 470. 

Jos6 Antonio Miralla. Privately printed. 
1904(?). A copy is in the Boston Public Library. 

Welsh. 

D. Davies. Caerfyrddin, I. Evans, 1798. 
T. J. Thomas. Llandyssul, J. D. Lewis, 1908. 

Excluding the last one mentioned in the 
Latin group, the number of translations notec 
above -is : Armenian, 1 ; French, 22 ; Ger- 
man, 7 ; Greek, 10 ; Hebrew, 1 ; Hungarian, 
1 ; Italian, 21 ; Japanese, 1 ; Latin, 35 
Portuguese, 3 ; Russian, 1 ; Spanish, 2 
Welsh, 2. Total, 107. 

CLARK S. NORTHUP. 

Munich. 

(To be continued.) 



SIGNS OF OLD LONDON. 
(See 11 S. i. 402, 465 ; ii. 323.) 

THE subjoined list of signs is compiled from 
the original MS. treasury books (i.e., the 
wardens' accounts) of one of the minor City 
companies, c. 1530-1704. 

Temp, circa Henry VIII. and Edward VI. 
Rose, Coleman Street. 
St. John's Head, Gracious Street. 
Star, Cheapside (" Sterre in Chepe "). 
Cardinal's Hat [? Lombard Street]. 
Three Tuns at Guildhall Gate. 
Stocks Tavern [in the Stocks Market]. 
? Nag's Head (" Horsehed "), Cheapside. 
Dagger, Cheapside (" Dagar in Chepe "). 
Bull's Head, Cheapside (" Bullhed in Chepe "). 
Cross, Tower Street. 
Dolphin, Tower Street. 

? Snipe, Eastcheap (" Snytte in estchepe "), 
George, Bread Street. 
Red Lyon (no place named). 
Gun (" Gonne "), Billingsgate. 
Castle, Paternoster Row. 
White Horse, Friday Street. 
Grey hound, ^Fleet Street. 



118. III. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



65 



Temp. Elizabeth. 

Mitre, Bread Street. 

Bishop's Head, Lombard Street. 

Bell, Fish Street. 

Mermaid, Bread Street. 

Castle, Wood Street. 

Star, Cheapside (" Star in Cheape "). 

Dolphin, New Fish Street. 

Saracen's Head [? Snow Hill]. 

King's Head, Old Change.* 

George, Bread Street. 

Pope's Head, Lombard Street. 

Bell, Aldgate. 

White Horse (no locality). 

Boar's Head, Old Fish Street. 

Boar's Head, Eastcheap. 

Nag's Head, Cheapside ("horsse hedd in Cheape "). 

Swan, Crooked Lane. 

King's Head, Fish Street. 

Three Tuns, Guildhall Gate.f 

Chequer, Dowgate. 

Greyhound, Leadenhall. 

Parse, Old Bailey. 

King's Head, Old Change. 

Red Lion, St. Nicholas Shambles. 

Mitre, Bread Street Hill. 

Snipe, Eastcheap (" Snyte, Eastchepe "). 

Mermaid, Friday Street. 

Temp. James I. 
King's Head, Old Change. 
Boar's Head, Eastcheap. 
Maidenhead, Candlewick Street. 
Windmill, Coleman Street. 
Queen's Head, Queenhithe. 
Rose at Queenhithe. 
Dolphin (no place named). 
Sun, at Cripplegate. 
White Horse (as before). 
Mermaid, Bow Lane. 
Flying Horse (locality unspecified). 

Temp, diaries I. 
Rose and Crown (no place). 
Nag's Head Tavern, Cheapside. 
Castle Tavern [? Lad Lane]. 
Dagger, Friday Street. 
Ship Tavern, Old Bailey. 
Dog Tavern at Ludgate. 
Rose, Temple Bar. 
Sun Tavern, Milk Street. 
Goat, Long Lane. 

Temp. Charles II. 
King's Arms, Newgate Street. 
Coffee Bourse, Temple Bar. 
Rose Tavern, Poultry. 
Dog Tavern, Garlick'lTill. 
George, Ironmonger Lane. 
Angel, Old Change. 
George, Milk Street. 
Half Moon, Cheapside. 
Mitre, Cheapside. 
Sun, Milk Street. 



* This house belonged to the Company. 

t Between this and the earlier reference occurs 
mention of the " 3 Tonnes at Olde hawle gate " ; 
later we have the " Thre Tonnes att Gyld havle." 



Temp. James II. 

Swan Tavern, Old Fish Street. 
Sun Tavern, behind the Exchange. 
Golden Lyon, Fetter Lane. 
Crooked Billet, Maiden Lane. 
King's Head, Fleet Street. 
Dolphin, Lombard Street. 
King's Arms, Cateaton Street. 
Crown Tavern, Leadenhall Street. 
Castle, Paternoster Row. 
Crown, Honey Lane Market. 

Temp. William and Mary, 

Queen's Arms [? Newgate Street]. 

Old Dog Tavern (no place). 

Cock Alehouse (ditto). 

Wonder Tavern (ditto). 

Cross Keys Tavern, Holborn. 

Horn Tavern, Fleet Street. 

Three Tuns, Newgate Street. 

Bell, Bread Street. 

Bull Head [sic], Wood Street. 

Feathers, Cheapside. 

Dean's Head [St. Martin's-le-Grand], 

Rummer, Queen Street. 

Dog, Newgate. 

Swan, Dowgate. 

Horn Tavern, Doctor's Commons. 

Feathers Tavern (ditto). 

Mitre Tavern, Paul's Church Yard. ' 

Ship Tavern (no locality). 

King's Head, Old Exchange. 

Baptist Head [? Clerkenwell]. 

Crown Tavern, Guildhall. 

From the nature of the references to the 
signs it would appear that all, or nearly 
all of them, were taverns or other houses of 
refreshment ; beyond this the records yield 
no further information, so far as the great 
majority of the signs are concerned. While 
the arrangement of the list is from first to- 
last purely chronological, it seems advisable 
to add a note of caution in regard to the 
division into regnal periods, the latter being 
merely approximate, and making no allow- 
ance for overlapping. 

WILLIAM McMuRRAY. 



" FIRST AERIAL SHIP." In these days of 
improved, though still dangerous aeronautics >. 
I would call attention to an advertisement 
put forth by the European Aeronautical 
Society, and printed in The A.thenceum r 
pp. 573, 589, 25 July and 1 August, 1835 : 
'"FIRST AERIAL SHIP. The Eagle, 160 feet 
long, 50 feet high, 40 feet wide, manned by a 
Crew of Seventeen, constructed for establishing: 
direct Communications between the several 
Capitals of Europe. The First Experiment of 
this New System of AERIAL NAVIGATION will be 
made from London to Paris and back again. 
May be viewed from Six in the Morning till Dusk, 
in the Dock Yard of the Society, at the entrance 
of Kensington, Victoria-road, facing Kensington 
Gardens, between the First Turnpike from Hyde 
Park Corner and the Avenue to Kensington. 



66 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 28, 1911. 



Palace. Admittance every day of the week, Is. 
The Public is admitted on Sundays after Divine 
Service. Free Admission the whole year (Sun- 
days and Holidays included) for Members of the 
Society and their Friends." 

This looks rather like a hoax. One does 
not see how the ship could be intended to 
travel from city to city, and yet be on 
exhibition the whole year at Kensington. 
The advertisement may have been suppressed 
.after the second date named, on this account. 
RICHARD H. THORNTON. 

36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C. 

SWEETAPPLE SURNAME. The surname 
Sweetapple (see ante, p. 3) occurs in the 
oldest remaining -Episcopal Register of 
Chichester, that of Bishop Robert Rede. 
Richard Swetappell, Swetappull, or Swet- 
appyll (the name is thus variously spelt), 
was a vicar-choral in the Cathedral, and was 
ordained priest by Rede on St. Matthew's 
Day, 1398, at the presentation of the Priory 
of Boxgrave (now Boxgrove). He attended 
the Bishop's Visitations of the Cathedral in 
1397 and 1409. At the former a complaint 
was lodged against him, Philip Goldston, 
-and Richard Juldewyn, " that they are too 
quarrelsome and pugnacious." They are 
warned to behave better in future under 
penalty of 20d. to be applied to the common 
fund of the vicars. In 1407 he has become a 
notary public by Apostolical authority, and 
subscribes as such to the formal election of 
Dean Hasele in that year. He was employed 
&t Boxgrave in 1409 on the election of a 
Prior there. 

In the churchwardens' accounts of St. 
Edmund and St. Thomas, Sarum (Salisbury, 
1896), I note the following : 

1586/7, p. 134. For pewes. It'm for James 
Swrebaples 12d. 

1587/8, p. 136. James Swete Apple for mending 
of a pin and nayles 5d. [Other items follow.] 

1624/5, p. 181. Sam Sweetapple and his 
partner for iiij days sawinge of Timber 9s. 4of. 

[Other items.] 

The name is to be found in the ' Clergy 
List ' of the present year. CECIL DEEDES. 
Chichester. 

" CHARTUARY " : " TALE." W. Rastell 
in 1534 printed in Fleet Street 

" these xii. bookes, that ys to wyt Natura 
breuium, The olde tenures, Lyttylton tenures, 
"The new talys, The artycles upon the new talys, 
Dyuersyte of courtys, Justyce of peas, The 
chartuary, Court baron," &c. 

The book with the inviting title ' The new 
talys ' turns out to be ' Noue narrationes,' 
and the following book is the ' Articuli ad 
narrationes nouas pertinentes formati.' The 



' Chartuary ' (pp. 361-89) is a collection of 
precedents of charters, bonds, acquittances, 
and the like. I note these words for the 
Supplement to the ' N.E.D.' Q. V. 

" HlC LOCUS ODIT, AMAT," &C. 111 

* Variorum in Europa Itinerum Delicise,' 
collected by Nathan Chytrseus, 2nd ed., 1599, 
s.v. ' Brixiana,' p. 254, is the following : 

In Palatio Capitanei. 

Hie locus odit, aniat, punit, conservat, honorat, 
Nequitiem, pacem, crimina, jura, probos. 

Exactly the same words appear in ' Select ae 
Christian! Orbis Delicise,' by Franciscus 
Sweertius (Sweerts), 1608, p. 177, s.v. 
' Brixiana,' probably copied from Chytrseus. 
Each verb governs the substantive lying 
under it. 

I find almost the same lines in an old 
commonplace book, viz:, 
Hsec domus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat, 

Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, probos. 

In this extract from some newspaper or 
book (no date, probably put in some 60 
years ago) it is said that they " may be 
read in front of the Town-hall in Leipsic." 

The lines according to the Chytraeus 
version, excepting that the words " Nequi- 
tiam, leges," take the place of "Nequitiem, 
pacem," are given in Murray's ' Handbook 
for Travellers in Central Italy,' 9th ed., 
1875, p. 184. There they are said to be 
behind, and above, the seats of the judges 
in the court of the Podesta in the Palazzo 
Pretorio in Pistoia. 

Baedeker's ' Handbook for Northern 
Italy,' 7th ed., 1886, p. 370, confirms 
Murray's book, and gives 1507 as the date 
of the inscription. 

I have found no mention in either Murray 
or Baedeker of the lines as existing at either 
Brescia or Leipsic. Probably they were 
frequently used as an epigram in courts of 
justice. 

I add another version which I had noted 
but forgotten : 
Hsecce domus dat, amat, pmrit, conservat, honorat, 

JEquitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos. 1620. 

i.e., 

This court does right, loves peace, preserves the 

laws, 
Corrects the wrong, honours the righteous cause. 

This epigram (presumably in the Latin only) 
is given as an inscription on the sessions 
house at Spittle-in-the-Street (Line.) in 
Stephen Whatley's ' England's Gazetteer,' 
1751. 

It may be that there are other versions 
of the epigram in other places. 

ROBERT PIERPOINT. 



ii s. in. JAN. 28, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



67 



" GOUBD " OB " GOOBD," BUILDING TERM. 

I have recently encountered this word 
in West Cornwall on some tendering for 
stonewalling, the prices given being so 
much a " gourd." From inquiry I find that 
by this term is meant a run of 9 feet by 5 feet 
high ; but a few miles off the measurement 
varies. The word is new to me, and I do 
not find it in the ' E.D.D.' YGBEC. 

CONSPIRATORS OF 1562. There seems 
nothing to add to the excellent account of 
Arthur and Edmund Pole in the ' D.N.B.,' 
except that it would seem that they were 
arrested at " The Dolphin Inn," which 
was apparently close to St. Olave's steps on 
the south side of London Bridge, and not, 
as is there stated, " near the Tower." 

As to the other four conspirators arrested 
with them, (1) Anthony Fortescue has been 
the subject of much interesting and erudite 
discussion at 9 S. vii. 327, 435 ; viii. 73, 
449 ; ix. 53. He probably died in the 
Tower. (2) Of Humphrey Berwick I can 
discover nothing. (3) and (4) Anthony 
Spencer and Richard Bingham were liberated 
from the Tower 3 May, 1567 (Dasent, ' Acts of 
the Privy Council,' vii. 351). 

Each of the two astrologers and wizards 
who had gone abroad 10 October, 1562, four 
days before their fellow-conspirators were 
captured, is described in the indictment as 
" late of London, gentleman." It seems 
probable, however, that the conspirator 
Edward Cosyn is to be identified with 
Edward Cussen, clerk, a fugitive, who 
possessed the manor of Eyrtforde alias 
Eyrthford in Bedfordshire, and is men- 
tioned in the Appendix to the 38th Report 
of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records 
at p. 10, and in Strype's ' Annals,' II. ii. 
597. Presumably he died abroad. 

John Prestall, the other astrologer, seems 
to have been inveigled into England in the 
early part of 1572. An indictment was 
drawn up against him in that year, but he 
was not brought to trial, though he was 
committed to the King's Bench, whence 
he was liberated on bail in 1574. It appears 
from the Appendix to the 38th Report at 

LI 2, and from Strype, II. ii. 596, that 
had been possessed of lands in Surrey. 
He was attainted in 1578 or 1579, and was 
in the Tower from before 11 October, 1578, 
down to 22 July, 1588, when he was liberated. 
He seems to have been living in London, 
practising sorcery, in 1591. His pretence 
to be 

" next heir to the Poles, who are next in blood to 
the Queen, whereof one is dead, and the other in 



Spain, who is next heir to the crown, and whom 
the Queen once promised to make kn.^wn as 
heir apparent," 

was all nonsense. Is it known when he died 
and who his parents were ? (See Dasent, 
op. cit., viii., x., xi., xii. ; the Calendars of 
State Papers ; and Cath. Rec. Soc., ii. and 
iii.) JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT. 



WE must request correspondents desiring in- 
formation on family matters of only private interest 
to. affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 



"TEBTIUM QUID." I shall be glad of 
any information as to the original use of 
this phrase. I have been greatly surprised 
to find that no example of it has been sent 
to us before 1826, and still more to find that 
this is also the earliest date in ' The Stan- 
ford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and 
Phrases.' There is, indeed, something 
similar in Coleridge's Friend of 1809-10, 
where he says, " The baleful product or 
tertium aliquid of this union retarded the 
civilization of Europe for centuries " ; but 
these seem to be the earliest examples yet 
found. Some metaphysicians appear to 
have used it to indicate a supposed 
something that is neither subjective nor 
objective, or different from both mind and 
matter, and it may perhaps have arisen 
in a Latin treatise on metaphysics. I am 
informed that a current statement attributing 
the phrase to Pythagoras is an error. The 
Latin version of Iambi ichus has, not tertium 
quid, but tertia res. I hope that some reader 
of *N. & Q.' can furnish earlier examples, 
and can help us in tracking tertium quid to its 
fontem et originem. J. A. H. MURRAY. 
Oxford. 

c CASABIANCA.' When and where was 
this poem first printed ? In his notice of 
Mrs. Hemans in the 'D.N.B.,' Mr. C. W. 
Sutton says that " in the second edition of 
the * Forest Sanctuary,' 1829, ' Casabianca ' 
first appeared." This, however, is a mis- 
bake, as it was printed at p. 129 vol. i. of 
Mrs. Hemans's ' Poems,' published at Boston 
in 1826. ALBERT MATTHEWS. 

Boston, U.S. 

JOHN OP COSINGTON. Cosington is the 
name of a village in Lincolnshire. Do you 
know a family of this name, and especially 
John of Cosington, who lived during the 
fourteenth century ? 

EDME DE LAURME. 
Soignies. 



68 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 28, 1911. 



DICKENS : ' OLD CURIOSITY SHOP,' CHAP. 
xvi. : " SHALL ABALAH." When the old 
man and child first met Messrs. Codlin and 
Short, the persons of the Punch drama 
were scattered upon the ground. They 
included 

"the foreign gentleman, who, not being familiar 
with the language, is unable in the representation 
to express his ideas otherwise than by the utterance 
of the word * Shallabalah ' three distinct times." 

I have not seen any explanation of this 
foreign piece of lingo. Can it be an echo 
of the " Ma sh' Allah ! A'uz bi' llah ! " of 
Arab criers to proclaim a marvel ? At 
shadow-shows in Egypt I have heard the same 
words shouted by the Mutayyab (hired leader 
of applause) at moments when an afrit or a 
dreadful monster conies on the scene. Many 
of the tramping showmen of Europe were 
at one time Orientals of a kind ; I want to 
know if any Arabic pious formulas were part 
of their jargon. MABMADTJKE PICKTHALL. 
5, Chimneys, Buxted. 

' PICKWICK ' QUERIES. I shall be very 
much obliged for explanations of the mean- 
ing of the following phrases in Pickwick : 

1. Flying the garter. 

2. Punch and the flat-headed comedian 
and the tin box of music. 

3. Green-foil smalls. 

PHILIP STEPHENS ON. 

[1. A game played by boys, at which they measure 
a distance by feet from a mark, and jump over the 
back of another boy bending down. Also known as 
" footit." 

2. Close- fitting knee-breeches in tinsel ?] 

REV. J. BONAR, 1646 : MORETTI FAMILY. 
1. In the Scottish register known as ' the 
Retours ' (a register of those served heirs to 
deceased relatives) I find under date 
9 December, 1646, John Bonar senior of 
Lumquhat (in Fifeshire) served heir to 
" Master Henry Bonar, Vicaj of St. Martin's 
in-the-Fields, London." I can find his 
name in none of the registers of that church, 
nor in any account of the Church. Can 
any of your readers assist me in tracing his 
name and the date of his appointment, and 
supply any information about him ? There 
can be no doubt as to the fact of his being 
vicar. 

2. In 1816 Agnes Bonar, daughter of 
Thomson Bonar of Camden Place and 
Chiselhurst, Kent, was married to Count 
Moretti, and in 1820 there was a son born 
of the marriage. From the ' Annuario della 
Nobilta Italiana ' I get the following infor- 



mation under ' Sormani-Moretti.' This 
family was a branch of the ancient Lombard 
family of Sormani, which went to Reggio 
Emilia in 1699, and succeeded to the name 
and arms of the noble family of Moretti. It 
received the title of Count on 25 November, 
1776. The noble man bearing the title on 
17 January, 1833, was Patrizo of Reggio. 

I am anxious to get further information 
as to this family and to know if there is any 
descendant living. HORATIUS BONAR. 
3, St. Margaret's Road, Edinburgh. 

WILLIAM OF WARE. I understand that 
some passages from this author's work on 
the ' Sentences ' have been printed recently 
in a book on the Immaculate Conception 
B.V.M., and shall be very glad to be referred 
to the title, &c., of the book. Is it in the 
Bodleian Library ? Q. V. 

DRYDEN AS A PLACE - NAME. John 
Dryden of Canons Ashby, Northants, the 
father of Sir Erasmus Dryden, 1st Bt., is 
stated to have migrated from Cumberland. 
In 1488-9 John, William, and Archibald 
Drydane received the royal pardon for having 
fought against King James IV. They are 
described as " indwellers within the shire of 
Roxburgh." It seems probable that the 
Drydens of Cumberland came over the 
border, as Dryden is a place-name in Scot- 
land. 

I find mentioned John Sinclair of Drydenr 
Kt., under date 1513, and a Sinclair occurs 
there again in 1551. In 1713 George Lock- 
hart writes from Dryden to the Earl of Ox- 
ford. I shall be glad of any information 
relative to Dryden as a place-name. 

P. D. M. 

THE VICTORY : EARLY SHIPS OF THE 
NAME. I shall be obliged for any informa- 
tion relating to the following : 

1. Date of construction of the Victory 
which was lost off the Caskets, 4 October, 
1744. The United Service Museum and 
Greenwich Hospital possess models said 
to be of this ship, but they differ ; another 
model, with the same pretension, differs 
from both. Would one or more models 
have been made before construction. Char- 
nock mentions a Victory as first heard of at 
Portsmouth in 1703, taken to pieces in 
1-721. Is anything known of this ship ? 

2. At what date did the bowsprit cease to 
terminate in a top and carry a spritsail mast 
and jacks taff ? 



ii s. in. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



69 



F 3. What improvements, if any, were 
introduced in the construction of ships-of- 
war between 1714 and 1727 ? AITCHO. 

[The second and third queries are too technical 
for discussion in our columns. We should advise 
application to Prof. Sir J. K. Laughton, the Secre- 
tary of the Navy Records Society, King's College, 
Strand, W.C.] 

BEATRIX GORDON=ROBERT ARBUTHNOT. 
I should be very grateful if any one 
could tell me who was the father of Beatrix 
Gordon. She married Robert Arbuthnot 
of Scots Mills, and was the grandmother 
of the celebrated Dr. John Arbuthnot. 
Both she and her husband are buried 
in the churchyard of St. Fergus, about six 
miles from Peterhead. I have been informed 
that she was the daughter of Robert Gordon 
of Pitlurg, but I cannot see any mention of 
her in that pedigree. 

CECIL LISTER KAYE. 

Denby Grange, Wakefield. 

BIRD QUOTATIONS. I shall be glad to 
learn the authors of the following : 

1. Speckled, mellow-throated thrush. 

2. Sweet thrush, whose wild untutored strain. 

3. Farewell, sweet bird ! Thou still hast been (willow 

warbler). 

4. Each spangled back (sunbird). 

5. Welcome, dear swallow, to thy well-known nest- 

6. As I was walking all alone, I heard two corbies. 

7. Say, weary bird, whose level flight (crow). 

8. Thou shrill proclaimer of the lonely hour (owl). 

M. SEATON. 

[6. A well-known ballad, 'The Twa Corbies,' 
first printed in Scott's ' Minstrelsy '] 

SWALLOW IN GREEK CAROL. Who was 
the translator into English of the following 
Greek carol ? 

The swallow, the swallow, she does with her bring, 
Soft seasons, &c. 

M. SEATON. 

* FAREWELL TO THE SWALLOWS.' A poem 
entitled ' Farewell to the Swallows,' attri- 
buted to Thomas Hood, was referred some 
twelve years ago to Canon Ainger, who 
expressed great dubiety that Hood was its 
author. It would be gratifying to know 
by whom it was written if not by Hood. 
The first stanza begins : 

Swallows sitting on the eaves, 
See ye not the falling leaves ? 
See ye not the gathered sheaves ? 
Farewell ! 

T. F. DWIGHT. 
La Tour de Peilz, Vaud,' Switzerland. 



BAGDAD. Has the Iranian or Old Persian 
origin of the name of Bagdad, first advanced 
by Fr. Spiegel (author of ' Eranische Alter- 
tumskunde,' 3 vols., 1871), as stated by 
Isaac Taylor in his * History of Place-Names ' 
(1898), i.e. = " God's Gift," derived from 
Zend or Old Persian Bagha = Sanskrit or Old 
Indian Bhaga, denoting divine power, and 
d<2d=gift, been generally accepted ? The 
Old Slavonic name and word for God, Bog, 
which is preserved in all Slavonic languages 
of the present time, has also been found to 
be originally akin to the Zend and Sanskrit 
name of divine power -Bagha and Bhaga. 
Cf. Uhlenbeck's 'Alt-Indisches Worterbuch' 
(1899), p. 193. H. KREBS. 

ADDERS' FAT AS A CURE FOR DEAFNESS. 
A man employed as a navvy on the line from 
Tunbridge Wells to Brighton kills adders 
in the season on the railway banks, and 
extracts their fat, which is in demand as a 
cure for deafness. " One lady " (in her 
gratitude) " gave him quite a lot o' money." 
I have heard the same specific vaunted 
among the peasantry of East Suffolk. Can 
any reader tell me whether the belief is 
ancient, and also whether there is any ground 
for supposing the ointment really efficacious ? 

SCRUTATOR. 

JACOBUS CLERK'S name appears in a Bible 
of about the middle or end of the seven- 
teenth century. The family was subse- 
quently connected with the South of Ireland. 
His eldest son was probably named John. 
Has any reader come across the name in 
pedigrees of English Clarkes ? 

R. S. CLARKE, Major. 

Bishop's Hall, Taunton. 

COL. OAKES AND QUEEN CAROLINE'S 
FUNERAL. Can any of your readers inform 
me where I can find particulars respecting 
Col. Oakes, who commanded a squadron 
of the 1st Life Guards employed to suppress 
the riot at the funeral of Queen Caroline in 
1821 ? I believe that on this occasion he 
shot a man dead, and was in consequence 
cashiered ; but, later, an attempt was 
made to reinstate him in his former position. 
When this was found to be impracticable, he 
received a vote of thanks for the effectual 
manner in which he had prevented a riot, and 
was appointed to the Chief Constableship of 
Norfolk. I should be very glad to learn if 
these facts are correct, or to know where any 
details respecting his action in this matter 
can be found. (Mrs.) A. M. W. STIRLING, 

30, Launceston Place, Palace Gate, W. 



70 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. HI. JAN. 28, 1011. 



QUEEN'S REGIMENT : SHEFFIELD PLATE 
DISH. The officers of the Queen's Regiment, 
Warley, Essex, possess a very large old 
Sheffield plate dish donor's name forgotten. 
They would be glad to know what family 
have a cockatrice or griffin with arrow in its 
beak, and motto " In Deo spero," as shown 
on the dish. W. MACKIE, Lieut. -Col. 

NEWENHAM ABBEY, DEVON. In Dug- 
dale's ' Monasticon,' vol. v. p. 690, it is said 
that a minute account of the journey of the 
colony from Beaulieu, 2 January, 1246/7, 
appears in the Register of the Abbey of 
Newenham, " at present in the possession of 
William Wavell, Esq., M.D., of Barnstaple." 
Can any of your readers inform me where I 
can consult this Register, or find a transla- 
tion of the account of this journey ? 

J. K. F. 

CHERTSEY CARTULARIES. Can any one 
inform me whether there are any of the 
cartularies of Chertsey Monastery published 
besides those given by Dugdale ? G. A. K. 

JEREMY SMITH, 1666. Can any reader 
of ' N. & Q.' give me information concerning 
Jeremy Smith, who held the office of Ranger 
and Bailiff of Windsor Park in 1666 ? 

E. G. COCK. 

MARQUIS OF ORMONDE'S GUARD. Where 
can I get information concerning officers 
who served in the Marquis of Oimonde's 
Guard of Battleaxes ? 

E. G. COCK. 

BELFAST REGISTERS. Are there any old 
registers of Belfast in existence ? If so, 
would it be possible to see them ? I want 
information concerning some one born about 
1677 in Belfast. E. G. COCK. 

IRISH BOOK OF REMEMBRANCE. I have 
a letter from an old Irish lady (now dead) 
in which she refers to a " Book of Remem- 
brance " which must have been published 
(probably in Ireland) before 1800. It was 
presumably a chronicle of Ulster families 
or of Anglo-Irish history. Apparently there 
was a list of subscribers printed at the 
beginning. Can any reader kindly refer 
me to such a book ? I am not at all sure 
that she gave me the right title of the book 
and I can find nothing like it at the British 
Museum. W. ROBERTS CROW. 

ALEXANDER HOLMES. 1848. In or aboul 
1848 the late Alexander Holmes, formerly o1 
3, St. George's Place, Hyde Park Corner, hac 
a remarkable adventure. A leader in The 



Times followed, entitled ' Taking the Bull 

>y the Horn.' Can some reader put me in 

correspondence with some one who retains 

a copy of the paper, now out of print ? I 

am interested, as the person referred to 

was my uncle, and the attempt was made 

,o save his brother my father-in-law, the 

ate Joseph Arthur Holmes, J.P., D.L., &c., of 

logher House, co. Sligo, near which a hired 

assassin lay concealed. ALFRED EDGAR. 

55, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh.. 



MILTON BIBLES. 

(11 S. iii. 1.) 

IN the later years of the last century I was 
a frequent visitor to Bristol, and always 
went the round of the old-book shops from 
the Colonnade to George's in Park Street, 
and I believe it was Kerslake who told me 
that when he was staying at a hydropathic 
establishment at Matlock, a fellow-visitor 
told him he had an old Bible in his bedroom 
that had belonged to Jo. Mitt on, the sporting 
man. Kerslake asked to see it, and, on its 
being brought, exclaimed : " Why, this be- 
longed to John Milton the poet ! " to which 
its owner replied : " If it only belonged to a 
poet, it ain't no good." The result was that 
Kerslake obtained it for a trifling sum, and 
later very liberally handed it to the British 
Mueum authorities at the same price. 

I am positive I acquired this information 
twenty or more years ago, and have no 
doubt it was from Kerslake's own lips. 

GEORGE POTTER. 
10, Priestwood Mansions, Highgate, N. 

P.S. Since sending the above to 'N. & Q.' 
I have found in my Milton scrapbook an 
article with the heading 'Milton's Bible,' 
signed Thomas Kerslake, from The Athenceum 
of 5 January, 1884, which gives an extended 
account of the acquisition of this Bible, and 
references to others. I may add that I have 
drawn Sir George Warner's attention to this 
article, but I would recommend its perusal 
to J. S. S. and others interested. 

Probably some information as to the 
provenance of the Bible in question might be 
obtained by going through Kerslake's book- 
catalogues. I have two of them of about the 
late fifties or early sixties of the last century, 
which comprise the remains of the library 
formed by Dr. William Turner of Herbal 



n s. m. JAN. 28, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



71 



fame, and of that of Sir Matthew Hale. 
Kerslake's methods of cataloguing were 
eccentric, and at the time of publishing 
the two catalogues which I have he was 
suffering from an acute attack of " news- 
paperitis," and added a " foot-note " of ten 
columns to one of the entries. * N. & Q.,' 
inter alia, came in for a bit of Mr. Kerslake's 
mind. All this, however, is by the way. 
But I feel sure the Milton Bible will be found 
in one of his catalogues, for Kerslake was 
not the man to hide a find of this kind. 

I may mention that an article on Milton's 
Bibles appeared in The Times of 13 December, 
1907. See also ' Book-Prices Current,' 1901, 
No. 2838. W. ROBERTS. 

18, King's Avenue, Clapham Park, S.W. 

Your correspondent has confused a 
mother and daughter in the paragraph 
beginning " Mrs. Foster, daughter of 
Deborah," &c. It was Deborah Milton, the 
poet's youngest surviving daughter, who 
married Abraham Clarke, and her only 
surviving daughter Elizabeth Clarke, who 
married Thomas Foster. Deborah Clarke 
died in 1727, and Elizabeth Foster in 1754, 
while the latter 's husband survived until 
1761. For a note on Elizabeth Foster that 
escaped Masson's attention see 2 S. iii. 265. 
PERCEVAL LUCAS. 

It was Milton's granddaughter, the 
daughter of Deborah, who married Thomas 
Foster. Deborah married Abraham Clarke, 
and her daughter Elizabeth married Thomas 
Foster, and for her benefit 'The Mask of 
Comus ' was performed at Drury Lane 
Theatre in 1750. She died on 9 May, 1754, 
and was buried at Islington. 

In Sir Bernard Burke's ' Rise of Great 
Families : Extinction of Families of Illus- 
trious Men,' these particulars are found. 

R. C. BOSTOCK. 



See 7 S. vi. 253. 



JOHN T. PAGE. 



SOPHIE DAWES, BARONNE DE FEUCHERES 
(11 S. iii. 27). There is at least one portrait 
at Chantilly. S. D. 

A sketch of this adventuress in Chambers' s 
' Biographical Dictionary,' 1897, p. 284, is 
derived apparently from private informa 
tion, or perhaps from French crimina 
records. Mr. T. H. Ward has an accoun 
of her in ' Men of the Reign,' 1885, pp. 317- 
318. SCOTUS. 



Miss WYKEHAM, BARONESS WENMAN 
11 S. iii. 27). Lord Folkestone to Thomas 
Oeevey, 23 February, 1818 : 

" Clarence has been near dying ; has been 
efused by the Princess of Denmark, and is going, 
} is thought, to marry Miss Wykeham." 
>eevey's ' Letters,' vol. i. p. 272. 

" But the maddest thing of all is what appeared 
a the Gazette of Tuesday the peerage conferred 

n . She is a disreputable half -mad woman. 

He perhaps thought it fair to give her this com- 
>ensation for not being Queen, for he wanted to 
tiarry her, and would have done so if the late 
ing would have consented." ' Greville Me- 
noirs,' vol. ii. p. 84. 

At a sale of curios some years ago at 
ing Street, Covent Garden, Mr. J. C. 
Stevens, according to a newspaper cutting, 
ffered 

a historic flag, which sold for eight guineas. 
This flag is of linen, and hand-painted with the 
rown, rose, shamrock, and thistle, and the words 
King and Constitution.' It was used at the time 
f the Coronation of George IV. and William IV., 
nd originally belonged to Miss Wykeham, after- 
wards the Baroness Wenman, a descendant of 
William of Wykeham. She was a Court beauty 
md a friend of Queen Adelaide." 

R. J. FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508 ; iii. 37). 
W. S. S. confuses the lady's husband with 
ler son, the latter being the bearer to Queen 
Victoria of the news of her succession. The 
irst Marquis Conyngham died 28 December, 
1832, according to Burke's ' Peerage.' H. 

' YOUNG FOLKS' (11 S. ii. 450, 511 ; iii. 
34). Besides ' Treasure Island,' Stevenson's 
Kidnapped ' and ' The Black Arrow ' were 
originally published as serials in this 
Deriodical. * Kidnapped ' ran from 1 May 
31 July, 1886, in fourteen instalments, 
and was published in book-form during the 
same year. ' The Black Arrow ' ran through 
seventeen numbers of Young Folks, from 
30 June to 20 October, 1883 ; but though it 
preceded ' Kidnapped ' in point of date, it 
was not published as a book till July, 1888. 
Both 'Treasure Island' and 'The Black 
Arrow ' purported to be written by " Captain 
George North," a pseudonym which was 
dropped when the stories were republished. 

The history of ' Treasure Island ' formed 
the subject of an interesting correspondence 
between Mr. Robert Leighton, Dr. Alex. H. 
Japp, and Mr. James Henderson in The 
Academy, for 3, 10, and 17 March, 1900. 
Although ' Treasure Island ' was begun in 
August, 1881, at The Cottage, Castleton of 
Braemar, it was not completed until Steven- 
son had arrived at Davos in October for the 
winter. W. F. PRIDEAUX. 



72 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [i> s. ra. JAN. 28, mi. 



THOMAS HARE (11 S. ii. 509). Is 
G. F. R. B. certain that he has given the 
name and place correctly ? An examination 
of various books fails to show that a Thomas 
Hare ever was born here, ever married here, 
ever lived here, or ever died here. 

ALBERT MATTHEWS. 
Boston, U.S. 

MONTAGU GERRARD DRAKE (11 S. iii. 29). 
William Mountague of Little Okely, 
Northants, in his will, dated 30 July, 1702 
(P.C.C. 197 Eedes), refers to his great-grand- 
son Montagu Garrard (Gerard) Drake. 
G. F. R. B. may find this reference of use. 
There are other Drakes mentioned in the 
will. F. S. SNELL. 

JAMES FORSYTE (11 S. iii. 25). I re- 
member very well James Forsyth as a class- 
fellow and companion at the Grammar 
School of Aberdeen in 1848-51. Thereafter 
we were at Marischal College and University 
together for four years. At the close of that 
period a number of our fellow-students 
gained commissions in the regular army 
by competition, and in the H.E.I. C.'s forces 
by presentation of Cadetships by one of the 
directors, who was, or had been, Lord Rector. 
James Forsyth' s, I think, was one of the 
presentations. He must, at the time of his 
receiving it, have been 17 or 18 years of age. 
His father was the Rev. James Forsyth, 
D.D., minister of the West Parish Church, 
Aberdeen. ALEX. WARRACK. 

Oxford. 

THOMAS CORYAT AND WESTMINSTER 
SCHOOL (11 S. iii. 29). Probably Mr. Cousin 
wrote Westminster by mistake for Win- 
chester. In the late Mr. Kirby's 'Win- 
chester Scholars,' at p. 153, one Thomas 
Coryat occurs as the last on the roll for 1590. 
The entry is as follows : 

"Coryat, Thomas, (10) Odcombe. Qy. the 
traveller and author of ' Crudities.' " 

JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT. 

In Gorton's ' Biographical Dictionary ' 
it is stated that Coryat was educated at 
Westminster. The ' Dictionary ' notice is 
based on Wood's ' Athenae Oxonienses ' 
and the ' Biographia Britannica.' 

W. SCOTT. 

" ELZE "= ALREADY (11 S. iii. 25). 
This elze, " already," is only a particular use 
of the general form else, and is so explained 
both in the ' N.E.D.' and ' E.D.D.,' with 
illustrative examples. The former quotes 



Gawin Douglas and Montgomery, and 
reminds us that it is in Ray's ' Glossary of 
North-Country Words,' reprinted by me 
for the E.D.S. Ray has : " Else, adv. 
before, already. ' I have done that else, 
i.e. already.' ' The derivation is from the 
A.-S. elles, not, as Jamieson suggests, from 
the A.-S. ealles, which is an unrelated word, 
and means " wholly." The senses are : 
otherwise, in another way ; also, at another 
time, formerly, already. 

WALTER W. SKEAT. 

If MR. BAYNE has access to a copy of 
Sir Thomas Dick Lauder on ' The Great 
Floods of August, 1829, in Morayshire,' 3rd 
ed., Elgin., 1873, he will find the word 
else used in the sense of " already." The 
quotation in which it occurs refers to the 
rising flood endangering an ornamental 
structure in his grounds : 

'" John,' said I to the gardener as he was open- 
ing the gate that led to it, ' I fear our temple may 
be in some danger if this goes on ! ' ' Ow, sir, it 's 
awa' else.' " 

ALEX. WARRACK. 

Oxford. 

ROYAL CHRISTMASES AT GLOUCESTER ( 1 1 S. 
ii. 501). With reference to Gloucester's 
position as an administrative centre in Saxon 
and Norman times see Freeman's observa- 
tions in his * Norman Conquest,' ii. 61 and 
iv. 393, 623, and 690. Both Robert, Duke 
of Normandy, son of William the Conqueror, 
and Edward II. are buried in the Cathedral. 

N. W. HILL 

SS. PROTHUS AND HYACINTHUS (11 S. 
ii. 528). From ' Studies in Church Dedica- 
tions ' (pp. 141-2) it seems probable that the 
church of Blisland, near Bodmin, is the only 
English ascription to St. Protus, whose name 
has been sometimes rendered Pratt. Miss 
Arnold-Forster does not identify him with 
Protasius, Bishop of Milan, who was a friend 
of St. Athanasius ; for, she says, 
" the evidence of Blisland feast-day [formerly 
September 11] points us to another saint, a certain 
very apocryphal martyr, commemorated at Rome, 
together with his companion St. Hyacinthus, on 
September 11, under the reign of the Emperor 
Gallienus. His story may be found in Baring- 
Gould's ' Lives of the Saints,' where it forms part 
of the romantic and fabulous Acts of a certain 
high-born damsel, St. Eugenia." 
The name of St. Protus was to be found in 
the Calendars of York, Sarum, and Hereford. 

ST. SWITHIN. 
[W. S. S. also thanked for reply.] 



us. HI. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



GTJICHARD D' ANGLE (US. ii. 427, 472, 493). 
In the ' Vie et Gestes du Prince Noir ' 
he is mentioned at least five times. I 
refer to " Le Prince Noir Poeme du Heraufc 

d'armes Chandos The Life & Feats of 

Arms of Edward the Black Prince by 
Chandos Herald a Metrical Chronicle with 
English Translation and Notes by Fran- 
cisque-Michel. London & Paris 1883." 

In the description of the army of the King 
of France before the battle of Poitiers, 
Chandos the Herald speaks of " a body of 
four hundred armed horses, with four 
hundred knights upon them, all of the 
noblest escutcheon." 

Guychard d'Angle les conduisoit, 

Qui noble chivaler estoit. Line 1040. 

He appears to have been associated in his 
command with le Sieur d'Augebugny and 
Eustace de Ribemont. 

In the early part of the battle 

Atant veissez venir poignant 

Un chivaler preu et vaillant 

Qui appelez fut Guychard d'Angle. 

Cil ne se boutoit pas en Tangle, 

Ains feroit parmy le mestee, 

Sachez, de lance et de esp^e. 

Line 1192. 

(In other instances " veissez " is " veissez," 
with an accent.) 

" Then might you see coming spurring on a 
preux and valiant knight,"Guichard d'Angle by 
name, who did not put himself in a corner, but 
struck with lance and sword, know you, amidst 
the metee." 

Later Guichard d'Angle, having joined 
the English, appears in the vanguard led 
by the Duke of Lancaster, when the army 
was marching into Navarre on its way to 
Spain : 

Et 1'autre le bon Guychard d'Angle, 

Qui ne doit estre mis en Tangle, 

Ainz est bien droit que horn s'en remorge. 

Line 2283. 

" The other the good Guichard d'Angle, who 
must not be put in a corner, but is it right that 
men should remember him." 

Probably "is it " means " it is." " The 
other " means the other of the two marshals, 
the first mentioned being Stephen de 
Cosinton. 

The next extract comes from the descrip- 
tion of the battle of Najera. Speaking of 
those who were on the right of the Duke 
of Lancaster, Chandos Herald says : 
Et la fut le bon Guychard d'Angle, 
Qui ne se tenoit pas en Tangle. 
Ovesque li ot ses deux filtz. 

Line 3233. 

" And there was the good Guichard d'Angle, 
who kept not in the background. His two sons 
he had with him." 



He is mentioned again, among the chief 
officers of the " right noble Prince, whilst 
he held the province of Aquitaine " : 

Monsieur Gwichard d'Angle fut mareschal. 

Line 4193. 

Estephen (sic) de Cosinton apparently wa& 
co -marshal. 

I have given the true numbers of the 
lines. In the Errata is the following : 
" In the numeration of the marginal figures 
for 1. 2890 read 2860, and so on till the end." 
There is, p. 332, a note as to line 1040 : 
" Guichard d'Angle, sire de Pleumartin, and in 
1350, seneschal of Saintonge. He was present at 
the engagement with the English at Saint-Jean- 
d'Angely in 1346, and was taken before the same 
town in 1351, and carried to England. After his 
release at the end of the following year, he was 
constantly engaged against the English, until 
his capture at Poitiers. After this he joined the 
side of England, in 1363 was appointed by the 
Black Prince marshal of Aquitaine, and in such 
capacity ordered the following year to levy the 
revenues in the dukedom. (Rot. Vase., 38 Ed. III. , 
membr. 4 : Rymer, vol. iii. p. 726, cf. p. 801.) 
He fought gallantly at Najera 1367. By an entry 
dated February 19, 1341 (n. st.), Charles V. gave 
to Geoffroy de la Celle, knight, 60 pounds torneses 
of land in Touraine on the estates forfeited of 
Guichard d'Angle, ' chevalier rebelle.' (Archives 
Nat., JJ. 102, no. 182.) In 1372.be was elected 
into the order of the Garter, and at the coronation 
of Richard II. was rewarded with the earldom of 
Huntingdon and 100 marks per annum for the 
support of the dignity. He died in the spring of 
1380." 

According to the preface (p. xvi), Chandos 
probably wrote his poem in 13 86, or perhaps 
a year or two earlier. 

Francisque-Michel in his preface (p. vi) 
quotes from an " account drawn up by 
indefatigable John Anstis, Garter King at 
Arms," among his papers deposited in the 
Heralds' College : 

" Chandos was the herald of the famous Sir 
John Chandos, constable of Aquitaine." 

ROBERT PIERPOINT. 
[See the note on Sir John Chandos, ante, p. 25.] 

ISAAC JAMINEAU (11 S. ii. 509). He was 
appointed Consul at Naples at the date given 
by G. F. R. B. (2 July, 1753), and apparently 
held that office till August, 1779, when he 
was succeeded by James Douglas. He died 
3 November, 1789. I have been unable to 
find his name among the officials of the Post 
Office in the various issues of the ' Royal 
Kalendar ' between 1779 and his death. 
ALFRED B. BEAVEN. 

Jamineau wrote a paper * On the late 
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius,' which 
appeared in The Transactions of the Philo- 
sophical Society, x. 563, 1755. W. S. S. 



74 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 28, 1911. 



THE STAIR DIVORCE, 1820 (11 S. ii. 489). 
Sharpe (' Genealogical Peerage,' vol. iii.), 
Anderson (' Scottish Nation,' vol. iii.), and 
Burke (' Peerage,' 1875 edition) repeat 
substantially the same story. John William 
Henry Dalrymple, who became 7th Earl of 
Stair in 1821, married in 1808, to quote the 
words of Anderson, 

" Laura, youngest daughter of John Manners* 
Esq., of Grantham Grange, and Louisa, Countess 
of Dysart. This marriage was dissolved the follow- 
ing year, in consequence of his having entered 
into a marriage contract in 1804 with Johanna, 
daughter of Charles Gordon, Esq., of Cluny. The 
latter marriage was, however, dissolved in June, 
1820." 

The contradictions arise out of the intricacies 
of Scots law. The future Earl became a 
married man in 1804 without being 4 * aware 
of it. No doubt the dissolution of his 1808 
marriage was brought about at the instance, 
or on behalf, of his real wife, Joanna Gordon. 
There is no evidence to show that the two ever 
lived together after 1809. According to 
Scots law, separation for four years consti- 
tuted a valid ground for divorce. It was on 
this ground, I think, that the future Earl 
obtained divorce in 1820. The question 
of adultery had nothing to do with the case. 
Public sympathy was largely on the side of 
the lady. She lived in Edinburgh, possibly 
died there, and was sometimes spoken of 
as " the ill-fated Countess of Stair." 

SCOTUS. 

"DiE IN BEAUTY" (11 S. iii. 7). I can 
answer my own query now : "in Schonheit 
sterben " occurs in Ibsen's * Hedda Gabler,' 
last act. G. KRUGER. 

[MR. W. R. PRIOR also refers to Ibsen.] 

" ALL COMES OUT EVEN AT THE END OF 

THE DAY" (11 S. ii. 527). Were not these 

words suggested by those of Brutus ? 

O, that a man might know 

The end of this day's business ere it come ! 

But it sufficeth that the day will end, 

And then the end is known.' 

' Julius Caesar,' V. i., last speech. 
LIONEL SCHANK. 

Is not this another version of the saying 
" The evening brings all home " ? 

NORTH MIDLAND. 

It might seem at first sight as if the words 
" All comes out even at the end of the day,' 
were merely an equivalent for the trite 
saying " Death equalizes all things." There 
are, however, many old sayings which convey 
a similar idea, but present it with consider 
able variety of phraseology. It is some 



vhat difficult to determine which of these 
ayings the Home Secretary had in mind 
when he quoted the words. One may 
magine that he was giving the substance, 
ather than the ipsissima verba, of some 
Id writer, or perhaps that he was com- 
)ining the sense rather than the actual 
vords of several sayings. W. SCOTT. 

I fancy that the difficulty lies in the 
adverb " even," and that the phrase is tanta- 
Tiount to the beautiful insight of Paul when 
he declared " All things work together for 
good." M. L. R. BRESLAR. 

HOLWELL FAMILY (11 S. ii. 528). The 
bllowing note regarding the Holwell family 
may interest J. T. P. : 

" Zephaniah and Sarah Hollival of St. Werburgh 
Street, Dublin, had John Hollival, baptized in 
St. Werburgh's Church, Dublin, 23 September, 
1711. This John had the destiny to emerge from 
:he Black Hole of Calcutta and become Governor 
of Bengal." 

The brothers Edward and Bowes, younger 
sons of John Minchin Walcot of Glenahilty, 
co. Tipperary, and Croagh, co. Limerick, 
along with a John Pigott (?), were also 
among the 23 survivors. 

WM. JACKSON PIGOTT. 

Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down. 

ALEXANDER GLENNY (11 S. ii. 509). 
All I can add is that his wife's name was 
Deborah, and that she died 9 December, 
1804, at the aee of 71 years. 

W. W. GLENNY. 

Barking, Essex. 

CHRISTMAS BOUGH : CHRISTMAS BUSH 
(11 S. ii. 507 ; iii. 14). This subject is 
dealt with in an article by Mr. S. J. Adair 
Fitz-Gerald which appeared in T. P.'s 
Weekly, 23 December, 1910. S. O. L. 

THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (11 S. ii. 428, 
494). Important information on this sub- 
ject may be seen in The Athenceum of 
16 and 30 July, 1892. H. S. 

EXHIBITION or 1851 (US. ii. 410, 452, 
493 : iii. 10). Surely, as Privy Councillors 
and Cabinet ministers, T. B. Macaulay and 
W. E. Gladstone were entitled to be, 
and ought to have been, styled Right 
Honourable, not Honourable. If the Official 
Catalogue was at fault, it was unquestionably 
a blunder. FREDERICK CHARLES WHITE. 

26, Arran Street, Roath Street, Cardiff. 

[The Official Catalogue described both as "the 
Hon."] 



n s. in. JAN. 28, i9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



75 



EARLY GRADUATION : GILBERT BURNET, 
JOHN BALFOUR (11 S. ii. 427 ; iii. 32). 
On p. 88 of ' Admissions to the College 
of St. John the Evangelist in the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge,' Part II., ed. by 
J. E. B. Mayor, is Wotton's certificate of 
good, conduct from the fellows of St. 
Katherine's Hall (the master being away). 
It is here stated that he " commenced 
batchelor of arts in January 1679/80." 
This is decisive for the higher age of 
thirteen years and c. five months. 

EDWARD BENSLY. 

The names of Wotton and Bentley appear 
in the Cambridge Honours List for the year 
1679/80. Wotton's name is second, and 
Bentley 's sixth upon the list. 

A. R. MALDEN. 

* KOSSUTH COPPERED,' SATIRICAL POEM 
(US. ii. 490). There is a copy of this in 
the Boston Public Library. On the verso 
of the title it is stated that " a portion of 
this poem appeared, some weeks ago, in 
The New York Herald." If L. L. K. 
cannot find a copy near home, I shall be 
glad to answer any question that may be 
sent direct to me. ALBERT MATTHEWS. 

Boston, U.S. 

REV. J. SAMWELL : REV. J. PEACOCK 
(11 S. iii. 9). In Julian's 'A Dictionary of 
Hymnology,' 1907, p. 1586, it is stated that 
John Peacock was b. 1731, became a 
Wesleyan minister 1767, retired 1796, and d. 
1803. In 1776 he published 'Songs of 
Praise compiled from the Holy Scriptures.' 
FREDERIC BOASE. 

ANDREW ARTER'S MEMORIAL, HAMMER- 
SMITH (11 S. ii. 10). Mr. Andrew Arter was 
a timber merchant. He lived at Linden 
House, Upper Mall, Hammersmith, and 
represented Hammersmith in the first and 
second London County Councils. 

G. W. E. R. 

The low stone pillar standing in Beavor 
Lane, Hammersmith, is evidently a sort of 
cippus marking the angle of a particular plot of 
ground, which has been left by some incom- 
plete road-widening in its present dangerous 
position ; and Mr. Andrew Arter, whose 
name is inscribed on the face of the stone, 
was evidently the owner of the plot. His 
death was recently announced in the papers, 
and he was the son of a timber merchant 
of the same name, the site of whose premises 
in Little North Street, Chelsea, is now 
absorbed in that of Harrod's Stores, and 



who, somewhere in the fifties, erected the 
houses of Bridge Avenue, Hammersmith, 
as a speculation. J. TAVENOR-PERRY. 

Chiswick. 

The worthy here commemorated lived in 
Beevor Lane for many years, and died, 
I believe, last year. The monument is merely 
a boundary stone which he inscribed similarly 
to one deciphered by me long ago, and 
mentioned in the papers of a bygone archaeo- 
logical society. SAMUEL PICKWICK. 

QUAKER OATS (US. ii. 528). Recalling 
former notices on numerous hoardings, I 
seem dimly to remember an explanation of 
the term " Quaker Oats " vouchsafed by the 
makers of that delicacy. The name (so I 
seem to recall the matter) was properly 
" Quaking Oats," from a fancied resemblance 
to the Briza Media or " quaking grass " of 
botany. As " quaking," however, was felt 
to be an unsuitable word to use for an article 
of food, it was altered into " Quaker," 
whence in due time emerged the portly 
gentleman in Quaker garb, whose full-blown 
proportions represented the result of the 
use of the preparation. SCOTUS. 

It is certain that " Quaker Oats " are 
food so named because the peculiar way of 
milling that produces this food was first 
carried on in Pennsylvania, the American 
State named after its founder, the famous 
Quaker Wm. Penn. T k WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

WILLIAM MEARS, BELLFOUNDER, 1626 
(11 S. ii. 445). The baptismal entry recorded 
at this reference does not seem to refer to 
the Wm. Mears of the Whitechapel bell- 
foundry, though possibly his family might 
have come from Nottingham. The White- 
chapel firm was begun about 1570 by 
William Mott, who sold it in 1606 to Carter 
of Reading. It passed to Thomas Bartlett 
in 1619, and he and his descendants carried 
it on till the end of the century. The last 
Bartlett died in 1701, when Richard Phelps 
succeeded. After him came Lester & Pack , 
then Chapman was taken into partnership, 
and the firm became Lester, Pack & Chap- 
man ; but the first name was soon dropped, 
and the firm was known as Pack & Chapman. 
Their bells were noted for being marked 
with riming mottoes, well known to cam- 
panologists. Pack died 1781, when Chap- 
man took as a partner William Mears. The 
latter had learnt his trade at the White- 
chapel foundry, and had started in business 
for himself several years previously. The 



76 



NOTES AND QUERIES. in s. m. j. a, 1911. 



firm became W. & T. Hears in 1787, Thomas 
probably being the son of William. William 
retired altogether in 1789. These particu- 
lars are abridged from Stahlschmidt's 
* Church Bells of Kent,' pp. 66, 92, 93, 109- 
113, where a fuller account of the White- 
chapel firm can be found, but no further 
details as to William Mears. A. RHODES. 

SHIP LOST IN THE FIFTIES (11 S. ii. 528). 
Was the ship in question the Birkenhead 
(steam- transport), wrecked on the coast of 
Cape Colony on 26 February, 1852 ? 

G. C. MOOEE SMITH. 

On 19 October, 1853, the Dalhousie (com- 
manded by Capt. Butterworth) foundered 
off Beachey Head, when the Captain, the 
passengers, and all the crew, with the 
exception of one man, perished, about 
60 persons in all being lost. Perhaps this 
may be the vessel referred to in the query. 
The newspapers of the period will no doubt 
contain a list of the drowned. 

On 30 August, 1857, the Dunbar clipper 
was wrecked on the rocks near Sydney, 
when 121 persons perished. Only one 
individual was saved, after clinging to the 
rocks for about thirty hours. W. SCOTT. 

ALFIERI IN ENGLAND (US. ii. 421, 532 ; 
iii. 37). The duel between Edward, second 
Viscount Ligonier, and Count Alfieri took 
place in the Green Park on Tuesday, 7 May, 
1771. See Public Advertiser, 11 May ; 
Gazetteer, 11 and 14 May ; Town and Country 
Mag., iii. 238, 277 ; Lady's Mag. [1771], 
478. Alfieri is said to have been wounded 
slightly in the arm, and his life spared, after 
he was disarmed, by the injured husband. 

In the petition for divorce at Doctors' 
Commons in June-November of the same 
year the movements of Lady Ligonier and 
Alfieri after the duel were described by 
several of the witnesses. The former left 
Cobham Park on the evening 'of 7 May, and 
from the 8th to the 17th of the month she 
resided in New Norfolk Street, London, 
where she was visited by the Count. On 
17 May she set out for France, being joined 
at Shooter's Hill by Alfieri ; but, as no 
accommodation could be had there, they 
proceeded to " The Rose Inn " at Dartford. 
Here they stayed together until Monday, 
20 May. On that morning they went in 
a post-chaise to Shooter's Hill; but Lady 
Ligonier and another lady returned the same 
evening to " The Rose Inn," and proceeded 
to Rochester. Shortly afterwards Alfieri 
followed on horseback. The witnesses state 



that the pair were going to France together. 
See ' Select Trials at Doctors' Commons/ 
printed for S. Bladon, London, 1779, vol. iii. 
The account of the divorce proceedings 
in the ' Journals of the House of Lords,' 
January, 1772, corroborates the statement 
that Lady Ligonier went to France ; and 
according to a paragraph in The Public 
Advertiser of 20 November, 1771, she was- 
then residing at Calais. There are many 
statements about the pair in 'The Gazetteer 
of 1771, and a careful search through the 
files of the newspapers for this year would 
probably disclose Alfieri' s movements in 
detail. HORACE BLEACKLEY. 

'TiT FOR TAT,' AMERICAN NOVEL (US. 
ii. 489 ; iii. 56). In Sampson Low & Co.'s 
' English Catalogue, 1872-80,' Miss M. E, 
Smith is named as the author of a book with 
this title, an edition of which was published 
in 1875 by Hurst & Blackett. This lady is 
apparently the Mary Elizabeth Smith who 
brought an action for breach of promise 
against Lord Ferrers, and wrote in 1849 a 
poem, ' Moscha Lamberti,' that is partly 
autobiographical. N. W. HILL. 

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US. 
iii. 29). 

Captives of his (or my) bow and spear 
A faulty remembrance of 2 Kings vi. 22,. 
" Wouldest thou smite those whom thou 
hast taken captive with thy sword and with 
thy bow ? " W. C. B. 

[PROF. BENSLY also refers to the same text.} 

RIDDLE OF CLARET (11 S. ii. 527). An old 
custom is here referred to. It is difficult,, 
perhaps impossible, to ascertain how it 
originated. A riddle or sieve was no doubt 
employed for convenience in carrying the 
bottles of wine. Claret rather than any 
other wine was probably consumed because 
it was comparatively cheap and easy to be 
procured. But why a riddle of thirteen 
bottles should almost invariably have formed 
a feature at archery dinners is not at all easy 
to conjecture. At archery meetings the 
number thirteen may perhaps have been 
supposed to bear some mystic relationship to 
the number of arrows discharged in the 
competition. 

But the gift of a riddle of claret was not 
confined to archery meetings. At golf 
competitions also the magistrates and town 
council, invited to the closing celebration 
dinner, were in the habit of presenting for 
consumption a riddle of claret. Perhaps 
some superstitious notion lay at the root 



a s. m. JAN. 28, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



77 



of the custom. At all events, the gift of a 
riddle of claret was of long standing, and 
dates from days when people attached more 
importance to lucky and unlucky numbers 
than they do now. SCOTTJS. 

WATER-SHOES FOE, WALKING ON THE 
WATER : GEORGE PARRATT (11 S. ii. 485). 
In * The Wonders of the Universe ; or, 
Curiosities of Nature and Art,' 1824, culled 
on the false title and at the head of the 
letterpress * The New Wonderful and Enter- 
taining Magazine,' p. 47, is an article headed 
' A Curious Invention for Walking upon the 
Water.' The first paragraph is : 

" Mr. Kent's [of Glasgow] recent invention of 
a machine by which he walks or moves along 
upon the water at the rate of three miles per 
hour, has produced the announcement of another 
novelty of the same description, but which seems 
more extensively useful. The inventor terms it 
an Aquatic Sledge ; it is thus described : " 

Then follows an account of this sledge, 
invented " some years ago " by Mr. Bader, 
" councellor of mines at Munich, in Bavaria." 

" The first public experiment was made with 
this machine on the 29th of August, 1810, before 
the royal family at Nymphenburg, with complete 
success. It is described as consisting of two 
hollow canoes or pontoons, eight feet long, made 
of sheet copper, closed on all sides, joined to 
each other in parallel direction, at a distance of 
six feet, by a light wooden frame. Thus joined, 
they support a seat resembling an arm-chair, in 
which the rider is seated, and impels and steers 
the sledge by treading two large pedals before him 
Each of these pedals is connected with a paddle, 
fixed perpendicularly in the intervals between the 
two pontoons. In front of the seat stands a small 
table, on which he may read, write, draw, or eat 
and drink .... This vehicle is far safer than a 
common boat, the centre of gravity being con- 
stantly in the middle of a very broad base, a 
circumstance which renders upsetting, even in 
the heaviest gale, absolutely impossible. It is 
moreover so contrived, that it may be taken to 
pieces in a few minutes, packed in a box, and put 
together in very short time." 

The box containing two metal pontoons, 
each eight feet long, and the other things 
must have been rather large. 

Some 20 or 25 years ago there was an 
exhibition of " life-saving " inventions in the 
Channel. The chief organizer, or perhaps 
only one of the organizers, was a friend ot 
mine, dead long ago, Mr. George Parratt. 
He was a fairly prolific inventor of in- 
genious but useless things. His pet in- 
vention was a lifeboat consisting mainly 
of collapsible pontoons, which in case of 
need were to be inflated by bellows. This 
was, I think, the principal machine in the 
exhibition, which took place on and about 
the^catamaran steamship Castalia, which is 



now, or was not very long ago, a smallpox 
hospital, somewhere in the lower reaches of 
the Thames. 

Among the strange inventions was one for 
as it were walking in the sea. It was 
an indiarubber boat about four feet long by 
about two feet in the middle, with two india- 
rubber stockings attached to the bottom. 
The inventor's assistant got into this boat 
with his legs in the stockings, closed the 
top covering round his waist, and then 
went down the perpendicular ladder lashed 
to the ship's side. Either before going 
down or directly he got into the water, he 
proceeded to inflate the apparatus through 
a tube. He had with him a little double 
paddle, with which he was intended to 
propel himself. The tube, however, got 
loose or otherwise out of order, and the boat 
began to fill and sink. Fortunately, there 
was a very handy man on board, with little 
more than a pair of old trousers on ; he 
hurried down the ladder, and caught the 
hand of the sinking assistant of the inventor. 

There were other inventions which were 
so dangerous that it was a wonder that no 
one was drowned, although the sea was 
perfectly calm. 

At one time Parratt 's raft lay in the 
Serpentine at another in the water at (?) 
the Earl's Court Exhibition. What be- 
came of it eventually I do not know. 

ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

COUNTY COATS OF ARMS : Co. SOMERSET 
(11 S. iii. 30). According to 'The Book of 
Public Arms,' Somerset has no armorial 
bearings : 

" The seal of the County Council simply ex- 
hibits the inscription, ' The Seal of the County 
Council of Somerset, 1889.' The arms of Bath 
have sometimes done duty for the county; but 
the ' Justices ' Seal, which is most beautifully 
executed, represents King Ina in his Palace of 
Justice, and at his feet is a portcullis, the old 
Plantagenet badge, evidently allusive to the old 
Beauforts, Dukes of Somerset. On the dexter 
side are the arms of the Somersets, Dukes of 
Beaufort, balanced on the sinister by the arms 
of the Seymours, Dukes of Somerset. At the 
base are the arms of the See of Bath and Wells, 
and at the top are the arms .... a cross patonce 
between four martlets." 

ROLAND AUSTIN. 

Public Library, Gloucester. 

PlTT AND WlLKES ON ENFRANCHISEMENT 

(11 S. iii. 8). Inquiry is made at the above 
reference for the names of the 36 boroughs 
which Mr. Pitt in 1785 proposed to dis- 
franchise, and the inquirer adds that he put 
this question many years ago. 



78 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. JAN. as, 1911. 



I doubt whether it is possible for us at 
this time to specify them, and I cannot find 
that Mr. Pitt ever enumerated them. In his 
speech in Parliament (18 April, 1785) he 
expressed his belief that the House would 
agree with him in thinking that " there 
were about 36 boroughs so decayed as to 
come within the scheme," and he proposed 
" the establishment of a fund fa million 

Eounds] for the purpose of purchasing the 
anchise of such boroughs as might be 
induced to accept of it " (' Parl. Hist.,' xxv. 
441-2). 

This language seems to me to show that 
he necessarily left the names of the boroughc 
in the dark. The Western counties of 
England by themselves would have provided 
a sufficient number of Parliamentary boroughs 
which were ripe for extinction. 

W. P. COURTNEY. 

Unless the names of the burghs proposed 
to be disfranchised by Pitt are contained 
in the Journals of the House of Commons, 
it is hard to say where a complete list of 
them may now be found. The following 
works might be consulted : Stockdale's 
' Parliamentary Guide ' for 1785, or ' De- 
bates and Parliamentary Register .... from 
1780 to 1796,' published by Debrett. 
Massay's ' History of England during the 
Reign of George III.,' vol. i. chap, ix., deals 
at some length with the subject of corrupt 
constituencies. Earl Stanhope (' History of 
England from the Peace of Utrecht,' vol. i. 
chap, i.) gives a list of 35 " hereditary seats," 
which probably coincides to some extent with 
the list of Pitt. The Rev. Christopher 
Wyvill, Rector of Black Notley, published a 
work bearing directly on Pitt's Bill, entitled 
' Summary Explanation of the Principles of 
Mr, Pitt's intended Bill for Amending the 
Representation of the People in Parliament ' 
1785. He also wrote, ' State of the Repre- 
sentation of the People of England/ 1793, and 
* Political and Historical Arguments proving 
the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform,' 
1811, 2 vols., but I cannot say whether he 
gives the names of burghs to be disfranchised. 

As regards Wilkes, it is scarcely likely that 
any list of the burghs he proposed to wipe 
out can now be found. His speech, how- 
ever, in bringing forward his measure, is still 
extant, and may be read in " The Treasury 
of British Eloquence .... Compiled by Robert 
Cochrane," Edinburgh, W. P. Nimmo, 
1881, pp. 165-9. In the course of his 
speech he names some ten or a dozen burghs 
to which the term " rotten " used to be 
applied. W. SCOTT. 



RATS AND PLAGUE (11 S. ii. 465). 
" Accordingly it appears that the priests 
and diviners then knew that ' scientific 
basis ' " is the ending of my Note 2431 in 
The Boston Evening Transcript's ' Noter> 
and Queries ' of 10 September, 1910 ; and 
this note can doubtless be seen in the file of 
that periodical at its London office, 3, 
Regent Street, by any interested in coinci- 
dences. My note was based on a dim 
remembrance of a similar article in The 
New York Evening Post of about ten years 
ago, so the parallel is not novel, as thought 
by CANON SAVAGE. 

Further light is thrown by Baikie's * Sea 
Kings of Crete,' pp. 167-8 ; and that the 
rats are not directly responsible for spreading: 
the plague, but merely as they are" hosts " 
for fleas, may be inferred from a paper 
read before the (London) Zoological Society 
on 15 November, and briefly recorded in 
The Athenceum of 10 December, p. 738. 

ROCKINGHAM. 

Boston, Mass. 

HACKNEY AND TOM HOOD (11 S. iii. 29). 
Hood slightly alters Byron's ' Childe 
Harold,' canto iii. st. 21 : 
There was a sound of revelry by night, 
And Belgium's capital had gather'dthen 
Her Beauty and her Chivalry, and bright 
The lamps shone o'er fair women and brave men. 

WALTER W. SKEAT. 
[MB. T. BAYNE and DIEGO also refer to Byron.] 

GOATS AND Cows (11 S. ii. 466, 534). 
George Eliot was evidently cognizant of 
this custom. In ' Middlemarch ' (1881 ed. r 
p. 291), when describing the old farm home- 
stead called Freeman's End, she says r 
" There was an aged goat (kept doubtless on 
interesting superstitious grounds) lying 
against the open back-kitchen door." 

See also 9 S. v. 248, 359, 521 ; vi. 132, 196, 
JOHN T. PAGE. 

Long Itchingtorj, Warwickshire. 

" PUCKLED "(US. ii. 526). The ' N.E.D/ 
records the word " puck-led " s.v. " Puck,' r 
sb. 1 e, but gives no such early quotation as 
that produced by MR. PIERPOINT. 

L. R. M. STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg. 

CAP!. WlTHAM AND THE SlEGE OF GIBRAL- 
TAR (US. iii. 28). The incident referred to 
is not to be found in Drinkwater's ' History 
of the late Siege of Gibraltar,' although that 
writer gives a full account of the sortie made 
on the night of 26 November, 1781, along 
with a plan of the operations. He even 
condescends upon details, as where he 



ii s. in. JAN. 28, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



79 



narrates that " a volunteer of the 73rd 
Regiment lost his kelt [sic] in the attack," 
from which it may be argued that it was a 
" warm affair " while it lasted. See ' His- 
tory,' 3rd ed., p. 203 (London, J. Johnson, 
1786). T. F. D. 



A Suffolk Hundred in the Year 1283. Edited by 
Mr. Edgar Powell. (Cambridge University 
Press.) 

MR. POWELL has published a valuable addition to 
the history of Suffolk, and, we may add, an 
important contribution to the financial practices 
of the Edwardian period. The original is pre- 
served in the Record Office in a manuscript 
on seventy skins of parchment written on one 
side only. It is with few exceptions in good con- 
dition, but the list of parishes is not quite com- 
plete. The roll is not only important as showing 
by what method the national finances were raised 
when Edward I. was king, but also in some cases 
it indicates how farming was carried on in days 
when, as many people yet fancy, the cultivators of 
the soil were but little above the condition of 
serfs. 

The money which the King called for was 
urgently required for the second Welsh war, 
which broke out on Palm Sunday, 1282, and lasted 
till the October of the following year, when, as 
the writer tells us, " the last Celtic Prince of 
Wales suffered the ignominious death of a traitor." 
It was for carrying on this contest that the assess- 
ments were made, and, the royal treasury being 
empty, the King in the first instance was, it seems, 
compelled to apply to the merchants of Lucca 
to help him in discharging his most pressing 
needs ; but the cash he required was far more 
than they were willing to supply. No time, how- 
ever, was to be lost, so Edward in June, 1282, 
dispatched John de Kirkeby, Archdeacon of 
Coventry, who afterwards became Bishop of Ely, 
to borrow money of the towns and religious houses. 
London contributed 4,OOOZ., and York 693Z. 6s. 8d. 
Although, with the exception of those for Ipswich, 
the documents which Mr. Powell has given are 
the only ones providing full details, a roll remains 
in which we have the gross sum for each shire. 
In this it is strange to find that Lincolnshire and 
Norfolk were regarded as by far the richest 
counties. 

Towards the end of the volume there are thirty 
eight carefully elaborated tables of the tax lists 
of the Hundred of Blackbourne. These will 
require much study before it will be possible 
to understand what were the live and dead stock 
belonging to the men and women who were 
occupiers of lands and tenements. 

We know of no other documents of about 
the same period which give so fully the average 
of prices as those before us. An attempt has been 
made to draw a comparison between the popula- 
tion of the villages in 1283 and 1908. It has been 
impossible to make any statement that will be 
satisfactory, but no reasonable doubt exists 
that there were far more men, women, and children 
in the villages 625 years ago than those who 
follow the older teachers areVilling to imagine. 



Traherne'8 Poems of Felicity. Edited by H. I- 
Bell. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) 

WE venture to think that too much has been 
made in some quarters of the poems by the seven- 
teenth-century poet Thomas Traherne, which were 
first published by Mr. Dobell in 1903, and are here 
edited, with additions, by Mr. Bell. There is 
always a danger that the discoverer of an un- 
known or forgotten treasure will appraise the 
value of his find too highly, because it is his 
own ; and when it is claimed that Traherne 
belongs to the same brotherhood as Vaughan and 
Herbert and Crashaw and Henry King, we cannot 
but dissent. On their weaker side of mystical 
obscurity and involved quaintness there may be 
resemblances, but he has little of their brightness 
of fancy and felicity of expression. His lines do- 
not arrest and stamp themselves on the memory. 
Traherne's lyre had but few strings, and on 
three of these he harps with somewhat tedious- 
iteration. A favourite theme with him is the 
superior blessedness of infancy, to which he 
returns again and again, contrasting its innocence 
and bliss, the loss of which he never ceases ix> 
deplore, with the deterioration of adult manhood ,. 
which is further off from heaven. Here he is 
at one with Vaughan ; and R. L. Stevenson 
might have written the poems entitled ' Shadow 
in the Water ' and ' On Leaping over the Moon.' 
Another subject on which Traherne loves to dwell 
is the deeper insight and wider scope of the inward 
spiritual eye. Here he approximates to W T ords- 
worth, who might have acknowledged as his own 
the lines 

A meditating inward ey 
Gazing at Quiet did within me ly (p. 14). 

A third maxim of his mystic philosophy, to 
which many poems are devoted, is that the world 
belongs of right and de facto to him who with 
the seeing eye and thankful heart best appreciates 
its beauties, far more than to the mere possessor 
and legal proprietor. Izaak Walton had anti- 
cipated him in this fine sentiment. 

The editor includes thirty -nine poems inot 
given in Mr. Dobell's editio princeps, and tells 
us the little known of Traherne and his works. 
He need not have doubted yer (p. 144), a common 
spelling of ere in seventeenth- century books. 

The Utopia of Sir Thomas More. Edited by 

George Sampson. (Bell & Sons.) 
THE philosophical yarn of that veracious mariner 
Hythlodaye (" Babbler ") is of perennial interest, 
and Messrs. Bell have produced an excellent 
edition of it in their " Bonn's Libraries " under 
the care of Mr. Sampson. He has appended to 
the ' Utopia ' the Latin original of 1516, together 
with Roper's Life of More (in a critically accurate 
text obtained by the collation of four MSS. in the 
British Museum), and a selection of his letters. 

Mr. Sampson falls into the common mistake of 
over-annotating his text. The reader hardly 
requires to be told in a note, when More refers 
to Cicero, that this was " the famous orator and 
philosopher M (p. 24) ; and no one will thank him 
for the information that CC in the text means 
" two hundred " (p. 81). An " algorisme stone " 
was certainly not a " slate," as explained p. 333 ; 
and " La Bruayere " (p. 137) needs to be corrected. 
Per contra, we have to thank him for a full Biblio- 
graphy, and an excellent engraving of Holbein's. 
I portrait of More, which forms the frontispiece. 



80 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. ra. JAN. 28, 1911. 



BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY. 

MR. EDWARD BAKER'S Birmingham Catalogue 
283 contains among works under Art Solon's 
' Ancient Art Stoneware of the Low Countries,' 
2 vols., folio, 1892, 21. 5s. In a list under Debrett 
is ' Dictionary of the Coronation,' 1902. There 
.are works under Folk-lore, Heraldry, and India. 
Under Mary, Queen of Scots, are Cowan's ' Who 
wrote the Casket Letters ? ' 2 vols., 16s., and 
Cust's ' Authentic Portraits,' based on the re- 
searches of Scharf, 18s. 6d. Napoleon items 
include Sergeant's ' The Burlesque Napoleon,' 

* Lost Voyages ' by Rose, ' Surrender ' by Dick- 
son, and ' New Letters.' Works under Occult 
include Paracelsus, 2 vols., 4to, cloth, new, 1894, 

11. Is. Under Pottery are Solon's ' Old English 
Porcelain,' 11. 15s., and his ' Old French Faience,' 
11. Is. Regimental Records include Almack's ' Royal 
Scots Greys,' limited edition on Japanese vellum, 
new, 1908, 21. 2s. Under Spain will be found 
' The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain,' 3 vols., 
small 4to, 1907, 18s. 6d. ; and Calvert's ' Al- 
Jiambra,' 15s. Under Tibet is Landon's ' Lhasa,' 
.2 vols., royal 8vo, 1905, 15s. 

Mr. Baker has also a short special list of 80 
items, Catalogue 284, devoted to Astrological, 
Occult, and Spiritualistic Subjects. These in- 
clude Inman's ' Ancient Faiths,' 2 vols. bound 
in 4, 1868-9, 21. 12s. 6d. ; Wilson's ' Dictionary of 
Astrology,' 2 vols., 1819-20, 21. 10s. ; ' Incidents 
in the Life of Madame Blavatsky,' by Sinnett, 
.21. 2s. ; ' Gypsy Sorcery,' by Leland, 1891, 
ilimited edition, 11. 10s. ; and Mather's ' Kabbala 
Denudata,' 1887, 21. 2s. 

Ellis's Catalogue 132 contains choice and 
scarce books, such as the first edition of Ogilby's 
' xEsop,' 1651, in dark-blue morocco, 9Z. 9s. ; 
ithe first Spanish edition of Ariosto, 1549, 61. 6s. ; 
Castillo's ' The Courtyer,' 1561, first edition, 
unorocco, 111. 10s. ; Cotgrave's ' French-English 
.Dictionary,' first edition, folio, olive morocco, 
1611, 12Z. ; a fine tall copy of Drayton's ' Poems,' 
1619, 151. 15s. ; the first edition of Fielding's 

* Amelia,' 4 vols., 1752, 51. 5s. ; the first collected 
-edition of Forde's ' Virtus Rediviva,' 1661, 

Wl. 10s. (this copy contains all the separate title- 
pages, and has written on the fly -leaf " Thomas 
Fforde, his booke cost 3s.") ; and the first edition 
of George Herbert's ' Remains,' 1652, 4Z. 4s. 
The best edition, black-letter, of Hall's * Union 
of the two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lan- 
castre & Yorke,' 1550, is 12Z. j and a beautiful 
'Copy of the first edition of Chapman's ' Homer,' 
2 vols. in 1, folio, 25Z. There is one of the most 
profusely illustrated books issued in France in 
the early years of the sixteenth century, Petrus 
de Natalibus, ' Catalogus Sanctorum et Gestorum 
eorum,' 1508, 12Z. 12s. An excellent copy of the 
'Second Folio Shakespeare is priced 180Z., and a 
fine one of George Wither's collection of ' Em- 
'blemes,' first edition, 1635, russia extra, 21Z. 

A section of the Catalogue is devoted to Law, 
Trade, and Economics. The first edition of 
Chambon's ' Le Commerce de 1'Amerique par 
Marseille,' 2 vols., 4to, 1764, an important work 
for the Colonial history of America, is 4Z. 4s. 
Under Intrationes is a fine example of the Pyn- 
son press, ' Intrationum excellentissimus Liber,' 
tfolio, black-letter, calf, 22Z. 



Messrs. Henry March Gilbert & Son send from 
Winchester their Catalogue 36. The Magazine of 
Art, 1887-98, is 11. 4s. Under Bohn are 22 vols. 
of his Classical Library, half-vellum, 3Z. 17s. 6d. ; 
under Brayley and Britton, ' The Beauties of 
England and Whales,' 19 vols. in 24, 8vo, full calf, 
1801, 1Z. 15s. ; and under Dickens, the first 
edition of ' Dombey,' 1848, half -calf, 18s. There 
are many items under Hants, including Duthy's 
'Sketches,' 1839, 14s.; and Milner's 'Win- 
chester,' second and best edition, 2 vols., 4to, 
half-calf, 1809, 1Z. 2s. 6d. There is a fine set of 
Hume and Smollett, 17 vols., calf, 1841, 1Z. 5s. 
Other works include ' The International Library 
of Famous Literature,' edited by Garnett, 20 vols., 
11. 10s. ; with oak stand, 2Z. ; Milman's ' Latin 
Christianity,' 6 vols., 12s. ; Mommsen's ' Rome,' 
4 vols. in 5, 1Z. 2s. 6d. ; and first edition of Rogers's 
' Italy,' original boards, 1830, 1Z. 5s. (it will be 
remembered that Rogers spent 10,OOOZ. in pro- 
ducing this work). Under Waterloo are six tracts 
bound in one volume, 1816-19, 10s. 6d. In the 
Addenda are the Knebworth edition of Lytton ; 
Wheatley's edition of Evelyn, 4 vols., 1Z. Is. ; 
Lady Lennox's ' Life and Letters ' ; Siniles's 
* Lives of the Engineers,' &c. 

Messrs. Maggs Brothers' Catalogue 263 contains 
a choice collection of decorative engravings, 
principally by English and French artists of the 
eighteenth century, in monochrome and colour. 
Bartolozzi, Cosway, Morland, Reynolds, Row- 
landson, Say, J. R. Smith, C. Turner, and Wheatley 
are all represented ; among those after Rem- 
brandt are ' Judas casting down the Thirty 
Pieces of Silver,' ' Tobit protected by the Angel,' 
and ' The Standard-Bearer,' of which an illus- 
tration is given. Views of London include 
Waterloo Bridge, 1817 ; south view of London 
and Westminster from Denmark Hall, near 
Camberwell, 1779 ; and Somerset House from 
the Strand, 1819. Part IV. contains Napoleonic 
caricatures in colours. The Catalogue has many 
illustrations, among them being ' Children 
throwing Snowballs,' by Ward ; ' Children 
Nutting,' by Morland ; * Merry Wives of Windsor.' 
by Peters ; and ' Sleeping Nymph,' by Mrs. 
Opie. 



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us. m. FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



81 



SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE. 



THERE have been many sad notes in dear 
old ' N. & Q.' since Thorns founded it in 1849, 
but none more sad than our note to-day of 
the death of the Right Hon. Sir Charles 
Wentworth Dilke. 

Born on the 4th of September, 1843, at 
76, Sloane Street, the house in which he 
died on Thursday, the 26th of January, 
he came from his earliest years under the 
influence of his grandfather, whom he much 
loved, and who lived close at hand in a bright 
cheerful house in Lower Grosvenor Place, 
with a view from the drawing-room windows 
of the gardens of Buckingham Palace. Of 
the pleasant memories of this he was speak- 
ing to me quite recently. 

On the death of his wife Mr. Dilke went 
to live at Sloane Street, where his son built 
a library and rooms for him. It was the old 
man's delight to have his grandson with him 
among his books and get him to read to him 
choice selections from his twelve thousand 
volumes. It was in this way that Sir Charles 
acquired his large range of knowledge of 
literature, and his grandfather's influence 
gave the whole tone to his life in politics 
and social questions. Many of these topics 
found a place in The Athenceum, which 
condemned the employment of children 
in mines, giving illustrations of their 
emaciated condition, and favoured parks 
for the people, public libraries, and other 
advantages. To carry out the enlarged 
ideas of his grandfather was Di Ike's aim 
from his youth, and, as is well known, he 
worked to secure better conditions for the 
people to the last day of his life. 

The affection with which his grandfather 
regarded The Athenceum Dilke inherited to 
the full, and his desire was that the same 
spirit of truth and independence should be 
maintained as when the paper was under 
Mr. Dilke' s control that it should be 
"faithful and just in its criticisms, the 
earnest seeker after truth, severe when the 
occasion required, but always more happy 
when helping to add a name to the roll of 
fame than when removing an unworthy one 
from it." 

It was in 1872 that Sir Charles became 
proprietor of ' N. & Q.' on the retirement 



of Thorns, who was succeeded by Doran 
as editor ; but it was not until soon after 
Knight became editor that Dilke joined 
" the happy few, the band of brothers." 
From that time he read ' N. & Q.' week by 
week, following closely every discussion in 
its columns ; and though he did not write 
such elaborate articles as those by his 
grandfather on Pope, Junius, and other 
subjects, his contributions over the signa- 
ture of D., as will be seen by the last two 
General Indexes and the earlier half-yearly 
indexes, were most various and suggestive. 
He frequently adopted other signatures, 
made up of the initials of the first words 
of the heading of the article. The question 
as to the National Flag greatly interested 
him, and he was delighted when the dis- 
cussion was finally settled by the official 
recognition of the Union Jack. It is curious 
that it should have been thought that he 
lacked a sense of humour. To those who 
knew him his hearty laugh was infectious, 
and, besides, how could a man have written 
that amusing brochure ' The Fall of Prince 
Florestan of Monaco' without an uproarious 
sense of fun ? 

The review of ' Papers of a Critic ' which 
appeared in ' N. & Q.' on the 10th of July, 
1875, was by his old friend Thorns. 

No record of Dilke' s life would be complete 
without a reference to the second Lady 
Dilke. Sir Charles as a tribute to her pub- 
lished 'The Book of the Spiritual Life,' 
which she had written as complementary 
to her works * The Shrine of Death ' and 
' The Shrine of Love.' This he preceded by 
a short memoir, and Knight in his review 
which appeared in ' N. & Q.' on the 3rd of 
June, 1905, said : ' : Admirably has the feat 
been accomplished, and though the chivalry 
and the devotion are everywhere apparent, 
the reticence of the utterance is not less 
manifest than its fidelity and truth. It is 
the record of 'a noble, industrious, and 
well -spent life, memorable in literature, 
art, and social progress, and as the final 
exposition of a spiritual, practical, and in a 
sense optimistic faith.' 

JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS. 



82 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. in. FEB. 4, mi. 



LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY k, 1911. 



CONTENTS.-NO. 58. 

SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE, 81. 

NOTES : Tottel, Puttenham, and Chaucer, 82 "Terra 
Susana," 83 Burial-Entries of Strangers, 84 "Pas- 
senger" in the 'N.E.D.' Sir Thomas Bodley, M.P., 85 
Ordinaries of Newgate "The Old Mogul," Drury Lane 
" Vail" : its Use by Scott, 86. 

QUERIES :-"Tewke," "Tuke," a kind of Cloth Prickly 
Pear and Monreale Cathedral Henry, Prince of Wales- 
Herbert W. Stebbins- William Elmham ' Death of 
Capt. Cook,' 87 Lea Wilson's Collection of Bibles- 
Benjamin Garlike Scottish Titles conferred by Cromwell 
Sir Francis Bathurst Long Barrows and Rectangular 
Earthworks Parish Formation Fairfax : Sayre : Maun- 
sell Sudane or Soudan Family' Guide for the Penitent,' 
88 Pyrrhus's Toe Warren Family Sir Charles Chalmers 
Hampshire Map Amphisbsenic Book Hungarian Bib- 
liography " Rebecca and her Daughters " Pawper or 
Pauper Bird Subterranean Chamber in Staffordshire, 89. 

REPLIES .-Thread - Papers Benjamin Bathurst, 90 
Archdeacon Fifield Allen Thackeray and the Stage- 
Thackeray's Last Words Matthew Prior's Birthplace- 
Bishop FitzGerald, 91 Authors Wanted" Essex " as a 
Christian Name "Ennomic" Corpse Bleeding, 92 
Speaker's Chair, 93 Count of the Holy Roman Empire- 
Miss Pastrana" Bolt/on ffaire groates " Canova's Busts, 
94 Corn and Dishonesty Smiths of Parndon Rev. 
Sebastian Pitfield's Ghost Church with Wooden Bell- 
Turret' Flying Dutchman,' 95 Spider's Web and Fever 
Coroner of the Verge Club Etranger, 96 "Carent" 
Songs of the Peasantry Inscriptions in Churchyards 
W. J. Lockwood The Three Wishes Knots in Handker- 
chiefs, 97 Blackstone's ' Commentaries ' Whyteheer, 98. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :-' The Oxford English Dictionary.' 
Booksellers' Catalogues. 
OBITUARY : Canon Hewitt. 



TOTTEL' S ' MISCELLANY,' PUTTEN- 
HAM' S 'ARTE OF ENGLISH POESIE,' 
AND CHAUCER. 

ALTHOUGH more than 350 years have passed 
since Tottel published his ' Miscellany,' the 
authorship of only four of the 134 anonym- 
ous poems in his book is claimed to have 
been traced, and one of these claims is ex- 
tremely doubtful. I have found three more 
authors to share in them, Chaucer amongst 
the number. 

On the strength of a MS. note-book of 
verse, partly composed, and partly copied 
from others, by a William Forrest, and 
finished by him 27 October, 1572, the 
authorship of two poems seems to be 
definitely settled. One of these (Arber, 
p. 173), 

I lothe that I did love, Ac. 

Forrest assigns to Lord Vaux, and his 
assignment is corroborated by George 



Gascoigne in the Epistle to young gentlemen 
prefixed to the 1575 edition of his * Posies ' 
(" Cambridge English Classics," p. 11). The 
other is the celebrated song (Arber, p. 163) 

Geve place you Ladies and begon, &c. 
assigned by Forrest to John Heywood. 
In the * Arte of English Poesie,' p. 247, 
Puttenham unhesitatingly asserts that Lord 
Vaux also wrote (Arber, p. 172) 

When Cupid scaled first the fort, &c. 
Which of the Lords Vaux is meant by 
Puttenham, Forrest, and Gascoigne is a 
matter that has not been determined, and 
is still open to discussion. 

Next we come to the doubtful ascription. 
In Tottel (p. 164) there are fourteen lines 
which seem to be an extract from a poem 
formed on the plan of the legends in ' The 
Mirror for Magistrates,' and the first letters 
of the lines and the final one of the quotation 
spell the name " Edwarde Somerset." It 
is extremely unlikely that Somerset wrote 
these lines, because the conceit of signing 
a name in verses was commonly practised 
by writers of those times, who sometimes 
make the party designated speak in the first 
person. 

Up to the present, so far as I can learn, 
these are the only poems in Tottel's " Un- 
certain Authors " that have had authors* 
names subscribed to them since the ' Mis- 
cellany ' first appeared in June, 1557. 
Churchyarde, however, in his * Challenge/ 
1593, claims that he wrote " many things 
in the booke of songs and Sonnets " printed 
in Queen Mary's days, meaning, no doubt, 
Tottel's work ; but I have sought vainly 
through his known work for proof of the 
statement, which I do not challenge, for 
Churchyarde was a voluminous writer, and 
evidently a very honest man and a good 
fellow withal. ' The Gorgeous Gallery of 
Gallant Inventions,' 1578 a similar 
anthology to Tottel's, and intimately con- 
nected with it, for it prints several poems 
included in the * Miscellany,' though some- 
times in a varied and not easily recognizable 
form -contains one of Churchy arde's songs, 
commencing, 

The heat is past that did mee fret, &c. 

Parke's * Heliconia,' pp. 94-5. 

No signature is given, but the original or 
amended version of the song, minus two- 
stanzas and with variations, occurs in 
' Churchyardes Charge,' 1580 (Collier's re- 
print, pp. 51-2). But Tottel yields nothing 
tike what can be seen hi Churchy arde's 
mown work. 



ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



The last writer for whom a claim has been 
put in is Sir Francis Bryan, who, according 
to Michael Drayton (' Elegies,' 1627), had a 
share in the ' Miscellany.' 

As I had found little difficulty in tracing 
PuttenhanVs quotations from Tottel and 
others, it occurred to me that some success 
might follow from an inquiry into the ante- 
cedents of some of these charming little 
gems in the * Miscellany,' for it seemed to 
me to be a lamentable thing that no progress 
had been made in unearthing the authors and 
history of a collection of songs and sonnets 
which had passed through seven editions 
by 1587, and which must have exercised 
very great influence on writers and men 
and women of culture up to King James's 
time, if not beyond. I soon found that Sir 
John Harington the Elder had been a 
contributor to the collection, and that one of 
his poems is of high historical interest ; and 
that another piece in it was composed 
by Sir Antony St. Leger, who was Lord 
Deputy of Ireland from 1540 to shortly 
before his death in 1559. But I was more 
than surprised to find Chaucer in the 
' Miscellany,' although I had noted that there 
is verse in Tottel which must belong to 
writers of about 1400, or much earlier than 
Tottel's time. 

In the Aldine edition of ' Chaucer's 

Works ' there are two versions of one of the 

poet's * Minor Poems,' headed ' Good 

Counsel 1 of Chaucer,' both commencing, 

Fie fro the pres, and duell with sothfastnesse, <kc. 

Vol. VI., pp. 295 and 316-17. 

The shorter version consists of three stanzas 
of seven lines each, and has various readings 
from the longer one, which adds a stanza, 
also of seven lines, as the 'Envoy.' Now, if 
one turns to Tottel, pp. 194-5, this poem 
will be found there, headed " To leade a 
vertuous and honest life." The Tottel 
poem sometimes agrees with one version of 
the Chaucer poems, and sometimes with the 
other where it differs from its fellow ; but 
it omits the ' Envoy.' Chaucer is said to 
have written the verses " upon his dethe 
bedde leying in his great anguysse," but 
doubts have been cast upon the genuine- 
ness of the work. Tyrwhitt, however, and 
Godwin admitted its authenticity, and it is 
included in most or all authoritative editions 
of Chaucer issued in recent years. 

I think this evidence is sufficient to 
justify us in putting down Chaucer as one 
of Tottel's authors, and so leave it. 

There is another little matter concerning 
Chaucer which may as well be cleared up 



now, especially as it concerns Puttenham,. 
who quotes as from the poet twice, a*. 
ollows : 

O soppe of sorrow soonken into care, &c. 

P. 221 
When faith failes in Priestes sawes, &c. 

P. 232. 

The latter quotation, of course, comes from 

he ' Minor Poems,' where it is headed 

Chaucer's Prophecy ' ; but the other does 

not belong to the poet, and is the property- 

)f Robert Henryson, forming the opening 

>f ' The Complaint of Cresseid ' (see ' Dunbar 

Anthology,' p. 17], Oxford Universty Press,' 

1901). Puttenham found his quotation in 

he 1532 edition of Chaucer's Works, printed, 

y Thomas Godfray,* which is really a 

iscellany, for it contains pieces by Lyd- 

gate, Occleve, Gower, Scoggin, and others, 

n prose and verse. CHARLES CRAWFORD. 



"TERRA SUSANA." 

THIS is a term of rare occurrence. The 
only published work in which it seems to- 
lave been noticed is in an undated list of 
;he possessions of St. Augustine's, Canter- 
3ury, following the ' Chronica ' of William 
Thorn in Roger Twysden's ' Decem Scrip- 
tores,' col. 2202. Thorn wrote about 1397. 
The principal passages are these, Arabic 
numerals being used in place of Roman : 

' In marisco cum aqua 418 acr. 3 virg. 2 Day- 
works et de terra Susana 400 acr. dimid. 

3 Dayworks. Item de feodo camerse 130 acr. 
5 Dayworks et dimid. Item de feodo vesturse- 
de terra marisci 48 acr. Item ;de feodo vestures- 
de terra Susana et bosco 42 acr.. 1 rod. 

4 Dayworks Item apud Stodmersch de terra. 

Susana prati et marisci 488 acr. 1 virg. dimid." 

The word is always printed in italics.. 
Somner, who compiled a glossary to the 
* Decem Scrip tores,' says that " terra susana" 
means worn-out land, the condition of which 
has been exhausted by over-cultivation,, 
from the French suranne, " which exceeds a. 
year." Ducange, quoting passages in the 
above list where the word occurs anJ 
Somner' s opinion, adds significantly : " Sed, 
ut verum fatear, vim vocis non assequor 
omnino." Kelham in his dictionary of the 
'Norman or Old French Language' (1779) 
has the entry : " Susanne, suranne (terre)^ 
land worn out with too long ploughing." 
This corroborates Somner, and proves that 
the word has been found in its French form. 
I have not been able to trace any instance- 
of this, and should be glad to hear of one. 

What has suggested the present note is 
that the word occurs in the foundation. 



84 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911. 



charter of the chapel of Northye, Sussex, 
a copy of which is included in the Register 
of Bp. Robert Rede of Chichester (1397- 
1415), and another at the end of Book Y 
in. the Chichester Cathedral muniments. 
This charter is shown by internal evidence 
to belong to A.D. 1262. The passage is : 
" Et tres acras terre mee susane in eadem 
parochia [Bixle, i.e. Bexhill] quas Robertus 
Bercarius aliquando tenuit de me in Calde- 

cote " Book Y reads, " Et tres acras 

mee Lusane," which looks as if the copyist 
did not understand the term. The Rev. E. 
Turner in Suss. Arch. Coll., xix. 23-6, 
gives a very free translation of the charter, 
and avoids this word altogether. 

I have only one more probable instance of 
its occurrence, namely, in " Susan's Farm," 
Eastbourne. This has been traced on an 
old map, and seems more likely to be a 
survival of a piece of terra susana than a 
personal place-name. 

If it is assumed that the term came from 
across the Channel it is natural enough that 
it should not occur beyond the counties of 
Kent and Sussex. As to its derivation, 
Somner's explanation seems unsatisfactory, 
for land passed over for the year in ploughing 
operations would be fallow rather than 
derelict, to become fruitful again after suffi- 
cient rest. It seems to be coupled with 
marshland in Kent, and William de Northye's 
grant shows that it was near five other acres 

aquis et fossatis circumquaque inclusas." 
An ingenious guess, therefore, has been made 
that it may be land soused, or subject to 
periodical flooding in wet seasons ; but this 
conjecture could not " hold water " if the 
term came from Normandy, and its French 
origin seems to be matter of certainty. 
Littre gives no help, nor does the word occur 
in Moisy's ' Glossaire Anglo -Normand,' or 
* Dictionnaire du Patois Normand ' ; but 
M. Eusebe de Lauriere in his ' Glossaire 
du Droit Francois ' (a Paris, 1704, torn. ii. 
p. 397) explains the term " Susan, Surana- 
tion," thus : 

" When a process commenced has not been 
followed up .... or when a Sentence, a com- 
mission, a judge's mandamus, or a prince's 
rescript has not been put into execution within 
the year. ..." 
and a note is added : 

" In France a rescript which any one has 
obtained from the prince perishes in the ye;-r if 
it has not b een used, like a Pontifical rescript." 

Such a process then becomes useless, of no 
value ; so does over-cultivated land. May 
this be the clue to the meaning of terra 
susana, or is it to be sought elsewhere ? 



The double form sur, sus, gives no difficulty. 
Both in Normandy were equivalent to the 
Latin super, says Kelham, sub becoming suz. 

CECIL DEEDES. 
Chichester. 



BURIAL-ENTRIES OF STRANGERS. 

I HAVE sometimes thought what an excellent 
thing it would be for genealogical searchers 
if the numberless entries in parish registers 
of the burial of strangers (where parishes or 
places are mentioned) could be made gene- 
rally accessible. Unquestionably, some of 
these " foreign " entries, could they be known 
to interested parties, would supply many a 
missing pedigree-link ; but they occur 
where no ordinary searcher would dream of 
looking for them. Large towns, or even 
villages situated on important roads, would 
probably supply many examples. 

By way of illustration, I append a series 
of rough notes I recently extracted from the 
unprinted registers of St. Peter's, Notting- 
ham, during a recent search over a period 
of about 'a century. I may add that scores 
of officers and soldiers occur among burials 
of the Civil War period, many of whom were 
doubtless far from their homes : 

1573. John, son of Tho. Forman of Strelley, 
Notts, buried. 

1576. " One Michaell, a stranger, who by his 
own confession came from within a myle of 
Oxforde, and departed at the house of one Robert 
Wilkenson in the towne of Nott., bookebynder," 
buried. 

1593. Sir James Abercrumby buried. 

1599. Robert, son of William Burbidge, late 
of Stanton-le-Stones, co. Derby, buried. 

1612. Martin Hornesey, gent., prisoner, buried. 

1614. Nicholas Neale, gent., traveller, buried. 

1624. Mary, d. of Mr. William Tomlinson, 
minister of Thorpe, near Ashburn, co. Derby, 
buried. 

1628. An, d. of William Couper of Burton 
Jorse, buried. 

1628. Richard Muston of Cropwell Butler, 
buried. 

1636. Gervase W T est, gent., " chiefe cooke to 
the right honourable Lord Chamberlaine to the 
Kings Maiesty," buried. 

1640. Symon, son of Richard Bullock of Lon- 
don, deceased, buried. 

1655. John, son of Mr. Walter Whalley of 
Cotgrave, buried. 

1656. Ruth, wife to Squire Middleton, buried. 
1659. Richard Ryder, gent., buried at Sauley. 
1659. Mrs. Mary, widow of Tho. Cooke of 

Whatton, buried. 

1675. Mary, d. to Mr. John Hull, London, 
baptized. 

1680. John, son of Thomas and Dorothy 
Towle of Bramcoate, baptized. 

1681. Sarah, d. of Henery Tealar and Dorothy, 
of Darley, co. Derby, baptized. 






ii s. in. FEB. 4, MIL] NOTES AND QUEEIES. 



85 



1686. Richard, s. of Thomas Levis, of Beeston. 
and Mary, baptized. 

1666. Fortune, d. of John Lawson, of Lenton, 
buried. 

1666. Thomas Sanderson of Shelford, buried. 

1668. Anne, wife of William Webb, citizen of 
London, buried. 

1669. Thomas Boylston, gent., and citizen 
of London, buried. 

1671. Jane, wife of Richard Squire of Kinalton, 
buried. 

1672. Luke Killingworth, of Killingworth in 
Northumberland, Esq., buried " in ye Middle 
Alley of ye Church." 

1675. Susannah, d. of John Speed of Basford, 
gent., buried. 

1675. William Presley of Howbecke, P. 
Cuckney. buried. 

1675. John Baldocke of Widmerpoole buried. 

1676. Mary, d. of Thomas Beamon of Blyth, 
Notts, buried. 

1676. Ann, d. of James Coxe, of Outhorpe, 
buried. 

1676. Mary, d. of Thomas Lorrinton of Stones- 
ley, co. Leicester, buried. 

1677. " Henry Smith, of ye County of Yorke," 
buried. 

1678. Martha, d. of William Round of Alfreton 
co. Derby, buried. 

1678. Jonathan, s. of Jqnathan Martin of 
Duffield, buried. 

1678. Francis, son of the late Andrew Clarke, 
gent., of Yorke, buried. 

1679. Mary, d. of Isaac Wollet of Haslewood 
P. Duffield, co. Derby, buried. 

1679. Adam Adcock of London buried. 

1679. Susannah, d. of Thomas Newham of 
Arnold, buried. 

1680. Cornelius Launder of Alfreton, co. 
Derby, buried. 

1680. Jane, d. of Thomas Athorpe of [blank], 
co. Yorke, gent., buried. 

1680. Thomas, s. of George Blagg of Gedling, 
buried. 

1681. George, son of Peter Jackson of Mans- 
field, buried. 

1682. John, s. of Andrew Buxton of Great 
Cropwell, buried. 

1682. John, s. of the late Mr. John Ward of 
London, buried. 

1682. Ann, wife of Will. Fletcher of Derby, 
buried. 

1683. Elizabeth, d. of Samuel Spencer of 
Lenton, gent., buried. 

1684. Martha, wife of William Wheateley of 
Ruddington, buried. 

1684. John Whittecar of Leeke, co. Stafford, 
buried. 

1686. Anne, d. of William Raggsdale of Edwal- 
ton, buried. 

1686. Katherine, wife of Robert Warner of 
Papleweeke, co. Nottm., buried. 

1686. Mary, d. of James Bingham of 
ECigham, co. Derby, buried. 

1686. Mr. John Viccars of Loughborrow 
buried. 

1688. Mary Greene of Shelf orde buried. 

1689. William, s. of Ed Aster of Beeston, 
buried. 

1689. " A Dutch Souldjer." [Repeated in 
the same year.] 

A. STAPLETON. 



" PASSENGER " IN THE ' N.E.D.' Meaning 
No. 6 is given by Sir James Murray as follows: 

" Slang. One of the crew of a racing-boat who 
adds to the weight without contributing his share 
to the work ; hence an ineffective member of a 
football team, etc." 

The only quotation is one from The Guardian, 
25 May, 1892 : "In the ordinary amateur 
band there are always several ' passengers.' ' 
The date at which the slang meaning had 
come into use is indicated by " 1885 [Re- 
membered at Oxford]." That it was familiar 
at Cambridge four years earlier than this 
can be proved by a definitely dated example 
with the meaning of a useless man in a boat. 

In the second volume of The Cambridge 
Review, in the number for 1 June, 1881, 
appeared " The Naval Contest at Ditton, 
Thucydides, ix. 1." signed H. R. T(hu- 
cydides), i.e. H. R. Tottenham, fellow 
of St. John's. On p. 355 are the words 
** nor is it likely that they will carry many 
supernumeraries (7TpiWa>s, Anglice pas- 
sengers] " Mr. Tottenham's brilliant parody 
was reprinted in his ' Cluvienus his Thoughts,' 
Cambridge, 1895. 

Canon Ainger in his ' Crabbe ' (" English 
Men of Letters") seems to have made a 
singular mistake about the meaning la of 
the ' N.E.D.,' " A passer by," in dealing 
with a statement in the Rev. George Crabbe' s 
life of the poet : 

"Having left my mother at the inn, he walked 
into the town alone, and suddenly staggered in the 
street and fell. He was lifted up by the passengers." 
-P. 161, 1834 ed. 

Ainger's comment is " probably from the 
stage-coach from which they had just 
alighted" (p. 79, chap. v.). Surely the 
people passing in the street are here meant. 
EDWARD BENSLY. 

SIB THOMAS BODLEY, M.P. The ' D.N.B.' 

states that " his first attempt to enter into 
public life seems to have been unsuccess- 
fully made in 1584, when he was recom- 
mended by Sir Francis Cobham for election 
to parliament as M.P. for Hythe." 

On referring to ' The Barons of the Cinque 
Ports and the Parliamentary Representa- 
tion of Hythe,' by the late George Wilks, 
Esq., Town Clerk, I find a copy of Lord 
Cobham' s recommendation, dated from Cob- 
ham Hall 25 October, 1584, and signed W. 
Cobham ; and at p. 63 the entry in the 
Corporation Assembly Book is given thus : 
" Memorandum That the 27th daye of October. 
1584, Mr. Mayor, the Juratts, and Comon'ty, 
being assembled in the Comon Hall there, touch- 
ing the answering of a letter sent from Mr, 
Lieutenant of Dover Castle, in the name of the 



86 



NOTES AND QUERIES. t n s. m. FEB. t, mi. 



Lord Warden [of the Cinque Ports, Lord Cobham], 
therein his honor maketh request to have the 
nomynation and election of one of the Burgesses 
to the Parliament w ch goe out of Hethe uppon the 
next Sumons for the same, whereuppon the sayd 
Mayor, Juratts, and Comon'ty have uppon good 
consideration granted his honor's request, and 
4ihat his honor shalbe answered accordingly. 

"Memorandum That the first daye of November, 
1584, Mr. Mayor, Juratts, and Comon'ty being 
assembled in the Town Hall there, to choose and 
appointe Burgesses to the Parliament to be 
holden the xxiij* 1 day of this instant of Novem- 
ber at Westm r accordinge to the Sumons in that 
behalfe directed, as also accordinge to the effect 
of a 1're sentt to the sayd Mayor, Juratts, and 
Comons from our Lord Warden in the behalfe of 
one Mr. Thomas Bodyly, whoe is ellected to be 
one of the said Burgesses by the Lords of Her 
Ma*?* Privie Councell, and also p'ferred unto us 
by y* Lord Warden as a man very meet for the 
ame, and lykewise allowed to be one by the sayd 
Assembly. And for the Election of y* other 
JBurgesse for the sayd towne, the sayd Assembly 
have no'iated, elected, and chosen, Christopher 
Honiwood, gent, Mayor there, together with the 
sayd Mr. Bodyly, to be and appeare at Westm' 
at the day above sayd." 

From this it appears, not that Bodley was 
unsuccessful, but that he was elected. 

The next election was in September, 1586, 
when two fresh candidates were elected. 

R. J. FYNMORE. 
Sand gate. 

OBDINABIES OF NEWGATE. (See 10 S. vii. 
408, 454; viii. 10, 278; 11 S. ii. 325.) 
In The Pvblic Advertiser, Wednesday, 20 
October, 1773, there is a report of the pro- 
ceedings at the Court of Aldermen at Guild- 
hall, when, the resignation of the Rev. John 
Wood of the office of Ordinary of New- 
gate being announced, a curious debate 
took place. The Lord Mayor, James Towns- 
end, recommended Mr. Silas Told for the 
vacant post, 

"because for above 20 years the said Told had 
repeatedly of his own accord gone in the cart with 
the condemned prisoners to Tyburn to sing and 
pray with them and give them spiritual food. 

This recommendation, however, did not meet 
with the approval of the Court. 

Silas Told, whose portrait appears in 
Hogarth's ' March to Tyburn,' is a familiar 
name to students of the history of crime, 
and a full account of him is given in Major 
Griffiths's * Chronicles of Newgate.' 

HORACE BLEACKLEY. 

[See also the references to Told sited by MR. A. L. 
HUMPHREYS at 10 S. x. 390.] 

" THE OLD MOGUL," DBUBY LANE. 
The destruction of this old public-house, 
with the Middlesex Music -Hall adjoining 
it, removes another ^.London landmark 



familiar to all who know Drury Lane. 
Those who can remember the Drury Lane 
of the seventies will note how completely 
and entirely it has altered since that time. 
In a very little while virtually the whole 
lane will have been rebuilt, and what was 
at one time a most disreputable thorough- 
fare will become as respectable as Gharing 
Cross Road. 

" The Old Mogul " occupies the ground 
formerly covered by " The Mogul's Head," 
which was a well-known tavern in the reign 
of Charles II. ; and Nell Gwynne lived on 
the opposite side of the lane. The music- 
hall has twice been rebuilt within the last 
sixty years, and is notable only as the place 
where many artists who afterwards became 
famous made their first appearance. George 
Augustus Sala described a night there some 
thirty years ago. 

FBEDEBICK T. HIBGAME. 

" VAIL " : ITS USE BY SCOTT. Reprints 
of Scott's poems and novels persistently give 
" veil " where " vail " was undoubtedly the 
form intended and duly written by the 
author. " Vail," to lower, which is distinct 
from " veil," to cover, is well illustrated 
in Shakespeare. Typical examples are those 
in ' Venus and Adonis,' 1. 956, where the 
amorous goddess is said to have " vail'd 
her eyelids " ; in * The Merchant of Venice,' 
I. i. 28, in which passage a noble vessel comes 
to the mind's eye as " vailing her high-top 
lower than her ribs " ; and in ' Hamlet,' 
I. ii. 70, where the Queen of Denmark 
deprecates the " vailed lids " of her per- 
plexing son. 

Scott seems to have liked the word, and 
he uses it appositely in various circumstances. 
One well-known example is in ' Marmion,' 
iii. 234, in the expression "Princes vail 
their eyes." Reprints after Lockhart's time 
frequently have the reading " veil " in this 
passage. In special editions, however, 
critical experts have restored the original 
version, and their example is beginning to be 
followed by those who superintend a com- 
plete issue of the poetical works. A reading 
in ' The Lord of the Isles,' which has not 
been so widely and closely considered as the 
earlier poem, has not had the same good 
fortune. This occurs in i. 239, where the 
Lady Edith is asked to notice how Ronald's 
galley stoops her mast to the gale, 

As if she vail'd its banner'd pride, 
To greet afar her prince's bride. 
" Veil'd " is the reading presented here in 
what is virtually an excellent edition of 
Scott's poems in a single volume. In the 






us. in. FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



87 



same work, however, the ' Marmion ' passage 
is correctly given. 

Two instances from a reprint of " The 
Author's Edition" of 'The Talisman' may 
suffice meanwhile to show how the case stands 
in the novels. Near the beginning of 
chap. xxiv. we read of spiritual dignitaries 
4< who in those days veiled not their bonnets 
to created being." Scott must have written 
the other word. In the song of ' The Bloody 
Vest,' which Blondel sings in chap, xxvi., 
this couplet appears : 

And say unto my lady, in this dear night-weed 

dressed, 
To the best armed champion I will not veil my 

crest. 

It is evident what the reading here ought 
to be. THOMAS BAYNE. 



WE must request correspondents desiring in- 
formation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 

" TEWKE," " TUKE," A KIND OF CLOTH 
References to this are frequent from c. 1490 
to 1553. Rogers, * Agric. and Prices,' has 
from Oxford, 1494, " 1 piece of Tewke for 
Tergates," 112 yds. at Is. 3d. ; and from 
Cambridge, 1496, 12 yds. "Tewke" at 
Is. Id. A will of 1496 has " gownes lyned 
with Tuke " ; and Palsgrave, 1530, has 
" Tewke to make purses of [Fr.] trelis." 
(Littre explains treillis as " grosse toile dont 
on fait des sacs.") An inventory of church 
goods at Stafford, 1552-3, has " one canopy 
of tewke, ij f rentes of sylke, iij crosse 
clothes, ij of sarsnet, and the other of tewke." 

We should be glad to know if anything 
has been discovered as to the nature of this 
cloth, and especially as to the derivation 
of the name tewke. (Connexion with High 
German tuch is hardly to be thought of at 
that date ; the Dutch and Flemish was 
doec, doek.) J. A. H. MURRAY. 

Oxford. 

PRICKLY PEAR AND MONREALE CATHEDRAL. 
Botanists seem to be satisfied that the 
prickly-pear cactus, now common in southern 
Mediterranean lands, is not indigenous, 
and was introduced there from America in, 
I think, the seventeenth century. In the 
Cathedral at Monreale, near Palermo, is a 
well-known series of mosaics, representing 
Biblical incidents, executed, it is said, in the 
time of the Normans, by Byzantine artists. 
When I saw these (now 22 years ago), I 
thought that I observed several instances 



in which the artist had depicted common 
objects which he saw around him. For 
example, Esau in quest of venison pursues 
quail, the wild game in the artist's day (as 
I supposed), and still, I believe, hunted on 
the slopes of the neighbouring Monte Pelle- 
grino. Similarly Adam and Eve, after their 
expulsion from the Garden of Eden, are 
represented as clothed (rather uncomfortably) 
with leaves which to my eye were those of 
the prickly pear. 

Possibly this mosaic is not now in its 
original condition ; or I may have been 
wrong in thinking that the prickly pear was 
represented as the substitute for the fig 
leaves. I cannot pay another visit to Mon- 
reale to verify my impression, nor can I here 
consult any description or history of the 
mosaics. I shall therefore be greatly obliged 
if any of your readers will give me informa- 
tion on the subject. THOMAS LANGTON. 
80, Beverley Street, Toronto. 

HENRY, PRINCE OP WALES : MARK ON 
HIS NECK. In literature contemporaneous 
with him I have discovered what appears 
to be an allusion to Henry, Prince of Wales 
(son of James I.), who died in 1612. Among 
other characteristics, the person alluded to 
is described as having a mole, or some similar 
mark, on his neck. Had Prince Henry 
such a mark on his neck ? 

If this can be shown to be the case, the 
allusion will be established, and will prove 
to be interesting, if not important. P. 

Philadelphia. 

HERBERT W. STEBBINS. The address is 
earnestly desired of Herbert W. Stebbins, 
who made inquiry in The Genealogist of 
October, 1900, concerning my ancestor 
Stephens Thomson, Attorney-General of 
Virginia 1703-14, and his descendants. 

(Miss) KATE MASON ROWLAND. 
C/G Virginia Historical Society, 

Richmond, Virginia. 

WILLIAM ELMHAM. I am astonished to 
see that William Elmham, governor of 
Bayonne, admiral of the English fleet 
" versus portes boreales " in 1379, a partisan 
of Richard II., is not mentioned in the 
' Dictionary of National Biography.' What 
more is known of him ? 

EDME DE LAURME, 
Soignies. 

' DEATH OF CAPT. COOK/ This piece was 
performed at Covent Garden in March, 
1789. Can any reader oblige me with infor- 
mation regarding four of the cast, viz., Mr. 
Blurton, Mr. Cranfield, Mr. Darley, and 



88 



NOTES AND QUERIES. tu s, m. FEB. 4, 1911. 



Miss Francis ? I should also be glad of ' PABISH FORMATION. Where may I find 



any bibliographical information regarding 
the French piece from which this ballet 
was adapted. R. H. 

LEA WILSON'S COLLECTION OF BIBLES. 
I shall be obliged if any reader can give 
me information as to the disposal of the 
collection of Bibles, &c., belonging to Lea 
Wilson, of which a catalogue was printed in 
1845. If the collection was sold by auction, 
I should be glad to know the date of the sale. 
I specially desire to discover the present 
location of the copies of three editions of the 
Metrical Psalms which appear in the cata- 
logue, viz. : 39. The Psalms, &c. 16mo, 
Schilders, Middelburg, 1599. 78. The 
Psalms, 16mo, Raban, Aberdeen, 1629. 
79. The Psalms, 16mo, Hart, Edinburgh, 
1630. WILLIAM COWAN. 

BENJAMIN GABLIKE. Is anything known 
about the career of Benjamin Garlike, 
British Minister at Copenhagen 1805-7 ? 
Is any biographical sketch in existence ? 

W. R. PBIOB. 

SCOTTISH TITLES CONFEBBED BY OLIVEB 
CBOMWELL. Mark Napier states in his 
life of John Graham of Claverhouse, Vis- 
count Dundee (1859), vol. i. p. 217, that the 
Marquess of Argyll and Sir Archibald John- 
stone, commonly called Lord Warriston, 
had titles given by Oliver Cromwell. I have 
never heard of Scotch titles being conferred 
by the Protector. It is probable, however, 
that the statement is correct. - Can any- 
one tell me what the titles were, and if 
others were given by him to Scotchmen ? 

L. S. M. 

SIB FBANCIS BATHUBST. Sir Francis 
Bathurst went to Georgia about 1734 with 
his wife Frances and some of his family. 
About 1737 his wife died in Georgia, and 
soon after Sir Francis was married by the 
Rev. John Wesley to Mary Pember, the 
widow of the Attorney-General of Antigua. 
It is supposed that Sir Francis and his wife 
sailed for England after this marriage, 
possibly with Wesley. Can any reader 
verify this, and give date and place of death 
of Sir Francis and his wife Mary ? 

AGNES. 

LONG BABBOWS AND RECTANGULAB 
EABTHWOBKS. I should be glad of refer- 
ences to papers dealing with long barrows 
associated with rectangular earthworks. 

EDITOB ' BBADFOBD ANTIQTJABY.' 



the fullest and most trustworthy account 
of the formation of the ancient parishes of 
England ? GBEGOBY GBUSELIEB. 

FAIBFAX : SAYBE : MAUNSELL. Mar- 
garet, daughter of Sir Thomas Fairfax of 
Silling, co. York, and widow of William 
Sayre of Worsall, between 1531 and 1535 
married a Richard Maunsell (Durham Cur- 
sitor Records, Deputy Keeper's Reports). 

1. Who was this Richard ? I think he 
was brother of William M. of York, or at 
any rate one of the Yorkshire family, but 
I want proof. 

2. When did Margaret die ? 

3. Is there any reference to issue by this 
marriage, or any other information ? 

D. MAUNSELL. 

SUDANE, SOUDAN, OB SOLDANK FAMILY : 
INSUDANEYE. I should be obliged to any 
reader of ' N. & Q.' who could give me infor- 
mation regarding a family named Sudane 
or Soldank (the latter is Hasted' s spelling). 
This family was a distinguished one ; a 
certain Stephen Soudan took part in the 
Barons' Wars (Henry III.). Hugo Soldank 
held the manor of Hopland, Westbere, 
Kent, in that reign, as well as that of East 
Sutton or Sutton Court. Thorpe several 
times mentions the name in his ' Chronicle * 
('Decem Scriptores') in connexion with 
charters of St. Augustine's monastery, the 
abbots of which were lords paramount of 
most manors in the vicinity. The name iu 
question is variously spelt by Thorpe, 
Soldani, Soldan, &c. 

As early as circa A.D. 940 reference is made 
to " terram quse continet xliiij manentes, in 
loco qui dicitur Insudaneye," close to the 
Isle of Thanet, and " cur tern xij manentes 
habentem in loco qui dicitur Sturreye." 
Can any one locate Insudaneye ? This 
place seems to me to have been near Chislet. 
Any information will be much valued. 

J. F. PITMAN. 

' GUIDE FOB THE PENITENT.' Who is the 
author of the ' Guide for the Penitent ' fre- 
quently, even in Jeremy Taylor's lifetime, 
bound up with 'The Golden Grove,' and 
hence often erroneously ascribed to the 
Bishop ? The author is referred to in the 
preface of many editions as "of the highest 
order of the Church." The ' Guide ' has 
been published separately at least once 
by the S.P.C.K. in 1852, edited by C. T. B., 
probably Chas. Black. I can find no clue 
at the B.M. to the authorship. 

E. M. Fox. 



ii s. JIL FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



89 



PYRRHUS'S TOE. In Sir Thomas Browne's 
* Hydriotaphia ' is an allusion to " Pyrrhus 
his toe," which could not be burnt. Where 
can I find an explanation of this allusion ? 
I have searched in vain through every 
annotated edition that I have found, and 
in many books of reference. E. M. Fox, 

WARREN FAMILY. Could any reader 
furnish particulars of the " Virtus mihi 
scutum " Warrens of Middlesex, Surrey, 
Herts, &c., between 1600 and 1698 ? I 
possess details from 912 to 1600. Gilbert 
Warren was living at the 1634 Heralds' 
Visitation at the hamlet of Colney. Thomas 
Warren (Middlesex 16-), who was from 
Poynton, Cheshire, used exactly the same 
arms. Please reply direct. 

J. R. WARREN WARREN. 

Little Maplestead, Halstead, Essex. 

SIR CHARLES CHALMERS, BT. His name 
appears, as such, in the Army List of 1755, 
as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. He 
died at Valdore in India on 1 November, 
1760. Wanted information as to the 
baronetcy. When was it conferred, and 
when did it become extinct ? 

J. H. LESLIE, Major R.A. (retired). 

Dykes Hall, Sheffield. 

HAMPSHIRE MAP. I have the north-west 
portion of a map (unfortunately badly 
mutilated) of Hampshire which is adorned 
with engravings of the principal scenes, 
my portion containing views of Silchester 
walls with a plan, Carisbrook Castle, and 
Portchester Castle. The map is well exe- 
cuted, and the engravings are good ; it 
would appear to date from about the period 
of the late 18th or early 19th century. Can 
any of your readers inform me where this 
has been taken from and its exact date ? 

T. A. OPPE. 

51, Moorgate Street, E.C. 

AMPHISB^NIC BOOK. The Bodleian 
Library prints a ' Staff-Kalendar ' for the 
use of those employed there. The first 
issue was that of 1902 (4 May 31 Dec.), and 
consisted of 80 printed pages and 16 blank, 
for notes. 

With the issue for 1905 began the habit of 
printing a ' Supplement to the Staff-Kalen- 
dar,' " meant to be revised and enlarged 
yearly, until it becomes as far as possible a 
complete directory to the practice of the 
library." In order to make reference to 
either part of the book instantaneous, the 
Supplement begins at the other end of the 
book from the Kalendar, with a separate 



cover-title, title-page, and pagination. The 
whole of this matter is, by necessary con- 
sequence, inverted as compared with the 
Kalendar. 

Are there any other modern books so 
printed ? Has MR RALPH THOMAS a 
" bibliographical term " for such a book ? 
The one that heads this query seems hardly 
adequate, though it suggests the facts. 

Q. V. 

HUNGARIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. Where can 
I get copies of the following ? 

1. 'Resurrection of Hungary.' Printed in Ireland 

in 1904. 

2. * Hungarian Protestantism ' (T. Watts-Dunton). 

Printed in 1906 or 1907. 

3. A book on Hungarian gipsies by Walter Crane. 

I have not been able to find these in the B.M. 
Catalogue. W. H. SHRUBSOLE. 

29, Halons Road, Elthara, Kent. 

" REBECCA AND HER DAUGHTERS." 
The Times of 5 January, in noticing a book 
on the Rebecca Riots in Wales, says that 
Miss Evans, the editor of it, does not 

"allow the etymology of 'Rebecca' which traces 
the term to Gen. xxiv., 60, where her family bless 
Rebekah and say, * Let thy seed possess the gate 
of those which hate them.' The rioters, she says, 
determined to dress Thomas Rees, one of their 
leaders, in women's garments, and came across a 
tall stout old maid named Rebecca, whose dress 
was made to fit him." 

Is this upsetting of a long-cherished belief 
justifiable ? May not the encounter with 
the stalwart spinster have been merely a 
confirmation of a name previously selected 
as being of good omen to the cause ? I 
fancy that Thomas Rees was to be of the 
petticoated sex in order to represent the 
Biblical Rebekah. ST. SWITHIN. 

PAWPER OR PAUPER BIRD. William 
Harrison in his ' Description of England,' 
1577, Book III., chap. ii. ' Of Wild and 
Tame Foules,' says : 

" As for egrets, paivpers, and such like, they are 
dailie brought unto us from beyond the sea, as if 
all the foule of our countrie could not suffice to 
satisfie our delicate appetites." 

This bird, it is stated, is mentioned, in an 
Act of Parliament relating to grain temp. 
Queen Elizabeth. Of what description, and 
whence, is this bird ? L. S. 

SUBTERRANEAN CHAMBER MENTIONED IN 
PLOT'S ' HISTORY OF STAFFORDSHIRE.' 
Hargreave Jennings in his book on the 
Rosicrucians gives an account of a sub- 
terranean chamber mentioned by Dr. Plot in 



90 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 4, 1911. 



his ' History of Staffordshire,' published 
in the reign of Charles II. Plot also says that 
the place became afterwards famed as the 
sepulchre of one of the brotherhood. The 
Spectator, No. 379, for Thursday, 15 May, 
1712, has an account of it. 

Can any one tell me the exact locality, and 
is the place still in existence ? C. L. K. 



THREAD-PAPERS. 
(11 S. iii. 8.) 

I HAVE a clear recollection of my mother's 
thread-papers, as one of them found after 
her death in 1887 was made from an early 
plan of the Alexandra Palace estate, and, 
as I have never seen another copy, is now a 
much-valued item in my local collection. 

Thread was bought in skeins, and then 
cut into pieces of uniform length ; these 
were passed through flattened tubes made 
of stout paper to prevent their getting 
entangled. These flattened tubes were called 
" thread-papers." GEORGE POTTER. 

10, Priestwood Mansions, Highgate, N. 

A hank or skein of thread was stitched up 
by the domestic sempstress in a narrow 
piece of soft paper, about 9 or 12 inches long, 
leaving the ends free, for convenience of use, 
and to keep it from being ravelled or tangled. 
By the time the thread was finished, the 
paper, known as a " thread-paper," became 
pinched up, wrinkled, and ragged by much 
handling, so that " worn to a thread-paper " 
was a phrase commonly applied to any 
person or thing in like condition. I suppose 
the wooden reel, which I was taught to call 
a bobbin, has superseded the thread-paper. 

W. C. B. 

I believe that thread-papers were long 
strips of paper folded twice longitudinally, 
in which our grandmothers, or great grand- 
mothers, kept skeins of thread, so cut that 
they could draw out a doubled-up needleful 
at will. I have seen Berlin wools so arranged, 
and the different shades of one colour 
arranged in sequence in one bundle of these 
paper sheaths. When they were merely 
thread-papers, they would not be very 
bulky. I remember hearing some tall 
attenuated women referred to as " thread- 
papers without the thread." I suppose poor 
Strephon wished to suggest that the lady of 
his heart would use the paper on which his 
verses were inscribed for work-bag purposes 

ST. SWITHIN. 



The following passage from Sheridan's 
Rivals ' (1775) proves that the word was not 
restricted to journalistic use, nor to the 
early eighteenth century : 

Thos Is she rich, hey ? 

Fag. Rich ! Why, I believe she owns half the 
stocks ! Zounds ! Thomas, she could pay the 
national debt as easily as I could my washer- 
woman ! She has a lapdog that eats out of gold, 
she feeds her parrot with small pearls, and all 
tier Ihread-papers are made of bank-notes ! 

Act I. sc. i. 

So MR. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL'S quotation 
trom " poor Strephon's " letter is another 
instance of the usual diffidence evinced by 
poets in prefaces, introductions, dedications, 
and accompanying letters. J. F. BENSE. 

Arnhem, the Netherlands. 

In bygone times threads, wools, and 
sewing silks were universally sold in skeins. 
To prevent entanglement, the ladies would 
take a half sheet of letter-paper note-paper 
was not used in those days and fold it in 
four. The skein would be opened, and its 
two sides put under the outer sides of the 
paper ; the two middle sides would then be 
doubled together ; and generally the paper 
was fastened by a bit of thread being tied 
about an inch from each end of it. The 
skein was cut at one end ; and when a 
needleful was required, it was drawn 
through the paper from the uncut end. 

As old letters were frequently used for 
the purpose, it is easy to see how one's letter 
was put among the thread-papers. 

S. S. M'DowALL. 

[MR. TOM JONES and MB. W. NORMAN also 
thanked for replies.] 



BENJAMIN BATHURST (11 S. iii. 46). 
The best account of the " disappearance " of 
this diplomat with which I am acquainted 
is in the first series of Mr. Baring-Gould's 
' Historic Oddities and Strange Events ' 
(1889). The article originally appeared in 
The Cornhill Magazine, vol. Iv. p. 279 et seq. 

The skeleton described in The Observer 
is not the first skeleton which has been 
suggested to be the remains of Bathurst. 
W. P. COURTNEY. 

The Morning Post gave a special account 
of the finding of the supposed skeleton of 
Benjamin Bathurst at Perleberg, the first two 
articles, written by their Berlin corre- 
spondent, appearing in the issues of 13 and 
14 December last, and on the 16th there was 
a further article entitled ' The Mystery of 
Perleberg.' The connexion of the paper 
with the Bathurst family suggests that the 



ii s. in. FEB. 4, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



91 



articles were written with special knowledge 
of the circumstances attending the dis- 
appearance of Benjamin Bathurst. 

ROLAND AUSTIN. 
Public Library, Gloucester. 

The Morning Post of 13 December, 1910, 
had at p. 7 two columns on this subject. 
This article was followed up in succeeding 
issues, including one on the 16th. The issue 
for the 24th contained a long and very 
important letter from the great-niece of the 
diplomatist, signed Katharine Bathurst, and 
dated 20 December from 10, Bloomfield 
Terrace. This letter occupies over two 
columns. There is also another short letter 
from a niece by marriage of the Hon. 
Algernon Percy, the fianct of one of Benjamin 
Bathurst's daughters, signed Emmeline 
Drummond, and dated 23 December from 
Bardon Hill, Leicester. 

As the skeleton to which L. L. K. alludes 
was smashed into fragments before the 
authorities came on the scene, it is unlikely 
that its discovery will throw any light on the 
old mystery. JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT. 
[W. H. B. B. also thanked for reply.] 

FIFIELD ALLEN, ARCHDEACON OF MIDDLE- 
SEX (US. ii. 449, 517). In his will, dated 
19 November, 1756, Dr. Allen mentions his 
wife by name as Frances, she being then 
alive ; therefore he must have been twice 
married not once merely, as would be 
inferred from my communication at the 
second reference. WILLIAM MCMTJRRAY. 

THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (11 S. iii. 
28). Thackeray contributed ' Jeames's 
Diary ' to Punch from 16 August, 1845 ; 
and the last instalment appeared on 
31 January, 1846. In this it is stated that 
Jeames de la Pluche had only one thing in 
life to complain of that a witless version 
of his adventures had been produced at 
the Princess's Theatre, "without your 
leaf, or by your leaf." I have hitherto 
failed to trace the date and particulars of 
this production. Can any one assist me ? 

S. J. A. F. 

THACKERAY'S LAST WORDS (11 S. iii. 47). 
Dickens (see " National Edition " of his 
works, vol. xxxiv. p. 453) wrote an ' In 
Memoriam : W. M. Thackeray ' in The 
Cornhill Magazine of February, 1864. In 
this paper he speaks of going over " all that 
he had written of his latest and last story," 
and the next paragraph begins : 

"The last line he wrote, and the last propt he 
corrected, are among the papers through which I 



have so sorrowfully made my way. The condition of 
the little pages of manuscript where Death stopped 
his hand, shows that he had carried them about and 
often taken them out of his pocket here and there, 
for patient revision and interlineation. The last 
words he corrected in print, were, * And my heart 
throbbed with an exquisite bliss.' " 

NEL MEZZO. 

Thackeray was found dead on the morning 
of 24 December, 1863, not that of Christmas 
Day. A. N. Q. 

MATTHEW PRIOR'S BIRTHPLACE (11 S. 
iii. 47). In 'The Life of Matthew Prior,' 
prefacing his ' Poetical Works,' printed for 
and under the direction of G. Cawthorn, 
British Library, Strand, 1797, it is stated 
that the poet was the son of Mr. George Prior, 
joiner and citizen of London, where he was 
born 21 July, 1664. 

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL. 

The following reference to a Matthew Prior 
is given for what it is worth. John Fawconer 
of Kingsclere, Hants, Esq., refers in his will 
(P.C.C. 708 Wootton), dated 21 June, 1658, 
to " Matthew Prior and his wife." Places 
mentioned in the will are Thatcham, Berks, 
Winchester, and Salisbury. F. S. SNELL. 

The admirable and fully annotated edition 
of Johnson's ' Lives of the Poets ' by Dr. 
Birkbeck Hill (Clarendon Press, 1905) might 
be consulted with advantage. See vol. ii. 
p. 180. NEL MEZZO. 

[MR. M. L. R. BBESLAR also thanked for reply.] 

WILLIAM FITZGERALD, BISHOP OF CLON- 
FERT (11 S. ii. 489; iii. 53). He was the 
elder son of John FitzGerald, Dean of 
Cork (1628), by Catherine, 6th dau. of 
Richard Boyle, Archbishop of Tuam (1638- 
1644) ; was born in Cork in 1641, educated 
there under Mr. Bate, and matriculated at 
Trin. Coll, Dublin, 22 June, 1660, aged 19. 
His degrees are not recorded. He was 
appointed Dean of Cloyne 13 June, 1671 ; 
Archdeacon of Ross 24 Nov., 1675 ; and 
Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh 1 July, 
1691, being consecrated in Christ Church 
Cathedral, Dublin, 26 July following. He 
m. 1st, in July, 1684, Letitia, 2nd dau. of 
Sir John Cole, 1st Bt., of Newlands, co. 
Dublin ; and 2ndly Salisbury, 2nd dau. 
of Sir Thomas Taylor, 1st Bt., of Kells, co. 
Meath ; but left no issue. He d. 7 Aug., 
1722. His widow m. 2ndly General James 
Crofts, and d. at Bath 5 Jan., 1724. 

G. D. B. 



92 



NOTES AND QUERIES. in s. ra. FEB. 4, 1911. 



ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US. 
iii. 48). The authorship of 

The kiss of the sun for pardon 
was mentioned in The Spectator of 14 
January. It was ascribed to D. F. Gurney. 

R. B. 
Upton. 

CANONS, MIDDLESEX : " ESSEX " AS 
CHRISTIAN NAME (US. ii. 328, 374, 394, 437, 
534). Sir Thomas Lake (1567 ? 1630), 
Secretary of State and elder brother of 
Arthur Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
purchased the estate of Canons in 1604. His 
third son, Lancelot (d. 1646), left a son 
Lancelot, who was M.P. for Middlesex in the 
Convention of 1660 and in the Parliament of 
1661, was knighted at Whitehall on 6 June, 
1660, and died in 1680. Sir Lancelot had 
two sons, Thomas and Warwick. 

The elder son, Thomas, who was knighted 
on 4 December, 1670, married Rebecca, 
daughter of Sir John Langham of Cotes- 
brooke, and had a daughter Mary, first wife 
of James Brydges, first Duke of Chandos, 
to whom the estate of Canons ultimately 
passed. 

The younger son Warwick Lake, married 
the heiress of Sir Thomas Gerard, Bt., of 
Flambards, Harrow-on-the-Hill, and was 
father of Launcelot Charles Lake, and grand- 
father of Gerard Lake, first Viscount Lake 
of Delhi and Leswarree, general. 

Sir Gilbert Gerard, Attorney - General, 
and ten members of his family ; Warwick 
and Launcelot Charles Lake ; and both 
the Dukes of Chandos, were, at various 
periods, governors of Harrow School. 

The singular topographical Christian name 
of Essex may possibly be a surname used 
as a Christian name. There are five 
instances in the ' D.N.B.' of Essex as a 
surname. But a brother of Essex, Lady 
Drax, was named Warwick Lake. Whom 
did Sir Lancelot marry ? 

Thomas Hussey of Edmundsham, Dorset, 
who died in 1684, aged 54,' married Phila- 
delphia, daughter of Essex Pawlet, Esq., 
by Frances, daughter of Sir Nathaniel 
Napier or Napper. Here Essex is a man's 
Christian name. I shall be much obliged 
if any of your readers can tell me what 
relation this Essex Pawlet was to that 
truculent Cavalier Sir John Poulett or 
Pawlet, first Baron Poulett (15861649). 
I believe they were akin. 

A. R. BAYLEY. 

Some years ago an officer in a regiment 
of Kent Volunteers had Essex for a Christian 



name possibly a survival of the old custom 
of a son having the surname of the mother 
for a Christian name. 

There was a family named Essex seated at 
Lambourne, Berks, which claimed pre- 
Norman descent from a family in the county 
of Essex (Ashmole, ' Berks,' ii. 237). There 
is a pedigree of a London family so called in 
Harl. Soc. Pub., i. 81. A. RHODES. 

Lady Lettice Lake (mother of Sir Launce- 
lot Lake) was a Rich of Essex, and in that 
family Essex was used as a feminine Christian 
name. The third daughter of Robert Rich, 
3rd Earl of Warwick, was christened Essex, 
I think in memory of her rather notorious 
great-grandmother Penelope (sister of the 
Earl of Essex), who married Robert, 3rd 
Baron Rich, and afterwards 1st Earl of 
Warwick ; but see ' Mary Rich, Countess of 
Warwick, 1625-1678,' by Miss Charlotte 
Fell-Smith. A. T. W. 

Essex as a Christian name is not very 
rare ; it occurs, for instance, in the family 
of Selby Lowndes, and, I think, also in that 
of Knightley. OLD SABUM. 

"ENNOMIC" (11 S. iii. 9). A "deed 
ennomic " is a legal instrument, the adjec- 
tive being derived from li/vo/xo?, lawful, 
legal. N. W. HILL. 

[MB, W. SCOTT makes the same suggestion, and 
refers to Liddell and Scott.] 

CORPSE BLEEDING IN PRESENCE OF THE 

MURDERER (US. ii. 328, 390, 498 ; iii. 35). 
The Hertfordshire story referred to by MR. 
GERISH (US. ii. 390) is to be found in ' The 
Wonders of the Universe ; or, Curiosities of 
Nature and Art,' 1824, otherwise called ' The 
New Wonderful and Entertaining Magazine,' 
p. 599. The account is said to have been 
found in the papers of Sir John Maynard, 
one of the Lords Commissioners of the Great 
Seal of England. The murdered woman is 
there called Johan Norkett, wife of Arthur 
Norkett. According to this account, May- 
nard wrote the evidence as he heard it given 
at the bar of the King's Bench before Sir 
Nicholas Hyde, Chief Justice. 

The first verdict of the coroner's jury was 
" felo de se," but when it " was not yet 
drawn into form " they changed their minds, 
and requested the coroner to have the body 
taken out of the grave. Then they changed 
their verdict. There was a trial at Hertford 
Assizes, resulting in a verdict of acquittal. 
The child of the murdered woman appealed 
against his father, grandmother, and aunt, 
and her husband Okerman. Evidence was 



us. in. FEB. 4. mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



given by "an ancient and grave person, 
minister of the parish where the murder was 
committed." 

He swore that when the body had been 
taken out of the grave and laid upon the 
grass thirty days after death, the four 
defendants were required to touch the body. 

" Okerman's wife fell upon her knees, and 
prayed God to show tokens of her innocence, or 
to some such purpose her very words I [i.e. 
Maynard] have forgot. The appellees did touch the 
body, whereupon the brow of the dead, which 
before was a livid and carrion colour, (that was 
the verbal expression iriterminis of the witness,) 
began to have a dew or gentle sweat arise upon 
it, which increased by degrees till the sweat ran 
down in drops upon the face, the brow turned and 
changed to a lively and fresh colour, and the dead 
opened one of her eyes and shut it again, and this 

rning the eye was done three several times ; 
likewise thrust out the ring or marriage finger 
three several times, and pulled it in again, and 
the finger dropped blood on the grass." 

Sir Nicholas Hyde appeared to doubt this 
evidence. But the evidence given by the 
ancient and grave minister was confirmed 
by his brother, " minister of the parish 
adjacent," " viz. the sweating of the brow, 
changing of its colour, opening of the eye, 
and the thrice motion of the finger, and 
drawing it in again." Presumably the 
bleeding was included, as the confirmation 
was " in every point." " The first witness 
added, that ' he himself dipped his finger 
in the blood which came from the dead 
body, to examine it,' and he swore he believed 
it was blood." 

There was some circumstantial evidence 
against the grandmother of the child and the 
two Okermans. All excepting Okerman 
were found guilty. The grandmother and 
the father (husband of the dead woman) 
were executed. Mrs. Okerman was spared, 
being with child. Maynard adds that he 
inquired whether the other two confessed 
anything at their execution, but they did not, 
as he was told. The case happened in the 
fourth year of Charles I., i.e., 27 March, 1628, 
to 26 March, 1629. 

In The. Gentleman's Magazine, 1796, 
part ii. p. 636, among many questions is this : 
" What grounds are there to imagine that 
the wounds of a murdered person will bleed 
on being touched by the murderer ? " 

ROBERT PIERPOINT. 

SPEAKER'S CHAIR OF THE OLD HOUSE OF 
COMMONS (US. ii. 128, 177, 218, 331 ; iii. 
50). The communication from the Librarian 
of the Parliament of the Commonwealth, 
Melbourne, adds increased interest to the 
subject under consideration ; yet it does not 
prove that the Melbourne chair is the old 



chair used in the House of Commons 
previous to the fire of 1834. Viscount 
Canterbury presented the Melbourne chair 
39 years after the destruction of the Houses 
of Parliament, and 34 years after the Duke 
of Sussex had visited Sunderland, when he 
sat in the old chair " which was formerly 
the Speaker's Chair of the old House of 
Commons, preserved from the fire which 
destroyed the two Houses of Parliament in 
1834." The evidence I have given in my 
previous communications to * N. & Q.' is 
associated with the actual individual workers 
of the period : the Duke of Sussex, uncle to 
Queen Victoria ; the Earl of Durham, one of 
the chief promoters of the Reform Bill of 
1832 ; and Sir Cuthbert Sharp, historian 
and antiquary, also a high official under the 
Crown. Surely such public reports of this 
visit to Sunderland as I have reproduced 
would not have been allowed to go un- 
challenged by such influential personages 
had they not been correct, especially as 
they were given only five years after the 
destruction of the House of Commons, when 
the investigations by .the Lords of the 
Council as to the cause of the fire would be 
fresh in the minds of the public. 

It does not follow, however, that Viscount 
Canterbury, son of the Speaker of the House 
of Commons, did not present, in 1873, the 
Speaker's Chair of the temporary House of 
Commons, used from the time of the fire in 
1834 until 4 November, 1852, when the 
Commons assembled for the[first time in their 
new House. There would at that time be 
two Speaker's Chairs : the old one rescued 
from the fire, and the one used in the 
temporary building. It is reasonable to 
suppose that Viscount Canterbury would 
secure the more modern chair when he 
decided to make a present to the Common- 
wealth, for it has great historic interest. 
I have written to MR. WADSWORTH, asking 
him to favour me with a copy of his lordship's 
letter when he made the presentation 
for the inscription on the chair would be by 
another hand. From this we shall be better 
a,ble to judge of the history of the chair his 
lordship sent to Melbourne, and it will be a 
valuable addition to the history of our 
English Parliament. A photograph of the 
Melbourne chair will enable us to compare 
the two chairs, and allow them to be 
examined by experts in old workmanship 
and designs. 

One good result of this investigation has 
been the discovery that two valuable relics 
of our national Parliament have been 
preserved. JOHN ROBINSON. 

Delaval House, Sunderland. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. FEB. 4, 1911. 



By a slip, MB. WADSWOKTH, in his interest- 
ing and informing communication, says it 
-was the second Viscount Canterbury who 
"was once Governor of Victoria. It was 
John Henry Thomas, the third, his elder 
brother, Charles John, second Viscount, 
having died unmarried in 1869, and he him- 
self passing away eight years later. 

POLITICIAN. 

COUNT OP THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 
<11 S. ii. 509; iii. 54). Surely the Pope 
claims and exercises the power of creating 
Counts of the Holy Roman Empire. I 
know one created by Pio Nono. 

R. W. P. 

Miss PASTBANA (11 S. ii. 29). In * Relic- 
ta,' the volume published shortly before his 
death by Mr. Arthur Munby, the first poem 
is entitled . ' Pastrana.' It opens with a 
description of the striking proceedings of a 
large baboon, which the observer notes in a 
suburban garden of a Continental city. 
Presently, in the dining saloon of his hotel, 
his attention is arrested by the appearance 
of a fashionably dressed lady of singular 
aspect, who partakes copiously of the viands 
provided, and does not otherwise materially 
differ from the dining crowd. She sits out 
all except the narrator, who finds himself 
fascinated by her presence and held spell- 
bound by her gaze. At length a man with a 
net, energetically supported by the waiters, 
secures the festive personage, who proves to 
be none other than the strange monkey of 
the suburban pleasure-ground. Respond- 
ing to a request for information on his theme, 
Mr. Munby wrote : " ' Pastrana ' is partly 
based on fact. I saw her, and told Charles 
Darwin about her." THOMAS BAYNE. 

If one may infer plurality of persons from 
diversity of accounts, there must have been 
several Miss Pastranas during last century. 
Writing before 1864, Chambers (' Book of 
Days,' ii. 255) speaks of. an unfortunate 
creature, Julia Pastrana by name, who 
"a few years ago " was exhibited in London. 
She was sometimes popularly known as 
" the pig-faced lady," but Chambers 
describes the lower part of her face as 
more resembling a dog than a pig. A 
Spanish-American by birth, she was ex- 
hibited (nothing is said about dancing) in 
this country for a time, and then on the 
Continent, where she died. Her embalmed 
remains were subsequently exposed to the 
gaze of the curious at a_charge of so much 
per head. 



Somewhere I have read (probably in some 
modern chap-book) that Julia Pastrana 
possessed a body exquisitely formed, but 
surmounted by a face of grotesque and 
hideous ugliness. As this does not 
apparently agree with L. L. K.'s recollection 
of her, it is probable that many similar 
printed accounts are highly exaggerated. 

SCOTUS. 

I have in my scrapbook a portrait of Julia 
Pastrana. The sheet is 18 inches by 
12 inches, the figure on it 9 inches. At 
the top is 

Julia Pastrana 
As she now appears 

embalmed. 
On each side is 

Burlington Gallery 
191 Piccadilly. 

At the bottom is 

The above is a correct portraiture of this most 
marvellous specimen of modern embalming. 
Open daily from HA.M. to 9 P.M. 

Admission one shilling. 

The figure is very well done, and exactly 
as I remember seeing it in, I think, 1860 or 
1861. H. A. ST. J. M. 

" BOLTON FFAIBE GBOATES " (11 S. ii. 

467). There is not enough information put 
forward to enable a satisfactory reply to be 
given. The groats may be certain fees 
paid at the fair time, or tolls, to some one 
claiming them. The vicar of a riverside 
parish claimed "chaplain's groats" from the 
King's ships lying in the Thames (' States 
Papers Dom., Chas. II.,' vol. 283, 27). Does 
the date of the payment coincide with the 
date of Bolton Fair ? A. RHODES. 

CANOVA'S BUSTS OF MABS AND MINEBVA 
(11 S. ii. 528). In Melchior Missirini's work 
entitled ' Delia Vita di Antonio Canova 
Libri Quattro,' 3rd ed., Milano, 1825, there 
is no mention of any such busts having been 
executed by this famous sculptor At the 
end of the volume a ' Chronological Cata- 
logue ' is given of his acknowledged works, 
which begins in 1772, and is continued till 
the year of his death, 1822. This list was 
put together for the most part during his 
lifetime because he did not wish to have 
any works attributed to him which were not 
his own : " e non fosse indotta in errore la 
posterita su falsi supposti, resi autorevoli 
dal suo silenzio " (p 470). One may there- 
fore conclude that these " colossal marble 
busts of Mars and Minerva .... hidden away 
in a country house long before Canova same 
to fame," are either not his work or that he 



n s. in. ^EB. i, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



95 



did not choose to acknowledge them. We 
learn, however, from the ' Catalogue ' that 
in 1790 he sculptured an * Amorino ' on 
commission for an Irish gentleman namec 
La Touche (p. 472). JOHN T. CUBBY. 

Busts of Mars and Minerva by Canova are 
I believe, entirely unknown. If MABS 
wishes to compare other sculptured figures 
with the busts he names, he might examine 
the various groups of the Elgin Marbles a1 
the British Museum. Perhaps even a visit 
to the gallery of statuary at the Roya 
Institution, Edinburgh, and an examination 
of the various gods and goddesses represented 
there, might be worth the trouble taken. 

SCOTUS. 

COBN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST 
MILLER (11 S. ii. 508; iii. 12, 57). Millers 
are evidently suspected in many lands. 
When, a number of years ago, I made several 
trips on the Danube, I was always amused 
at the way in which the Slovak raftsmen 
provoked the young Magyar millers on 
the floating mills they passed. The chal- 
lengers' were as a rule the millers, who would 
greet the raftsmen with a derisive " Jano 
Kuk" or "Upr6 Jano," in themselves quite 
innocent calls, but evidently with a tale 
hanging thereby ; whereupon John would 
make a gesture imitating the millers pocket- 
ing their customers' corn. This was always 
considered a casus belli. L. L. K. 

A phrase in MB. RATCLIFFE'S reply at the 
last reference recalls to my memory that in 
the late seventies a village school-feast 
game (of the drop-the-handkerchief order) 
used to be accompanied in East Notts with 
the following rime : 

There was a jolly miller, and he lived by himself, 
And the mill went round, and he earned his pelf : 
One hand on the hopper, and the other in the bag, 
And the mill went round, and he earned his swag. 
I cannot remember that there was any more 
of it, but perhaps some one else oan. 

H. K. ST. J. S. 

[There is but the one verse, we believe. When 
children use it, the last words are generally 
changed to "he made his grab," the principal 
feature of the game being that the child in the 
centre has to try to " grab " the arm of one of 
the children in the ring when they are changing 
partners at the end of the verse.] 

SMITHS OF PABNDON, HEBTFOBDSHIBE 
(11 S. ii. 427). William Smith, a London 
merchant, residing at Parndon House, near 
Harlow, Essex, represented Sudbury in 
1796. In 1802 he was returned for Norwich, 
but was defeated in 1806. He regained the 



seat, however, the following year, and was 
still acting as its representative in 1814. 
His town address was 5, Park Street, West- 
minster. In 1818 his daughter Frances 
married William Edward Shore (born 1794, 
died 1874), who assumed the name of Nightin- 
gale under the will of his grand-uncle 
Peter Nightingale. 

William Smith of Parndon had other 
children. One of these, Benjamin, repre- 
sented Norwich in Parliament 1838-47, and 
died in 1860. Another, Samuel, younger 
brother of Benjamin, resided at Embley, 
Hants, formerly the abode of the Nightin- 
gales. I am not aware of any pedigree of 
the Smiths of Parndon. W. S. S. 

REV. SEBASTIAN PITFIELD'S GHOST (11 S. 
ii. 367, 510). Mr. Caswell's letter to Dr. 
Bent-ley, H[art] Hfall, Oxford], 15 Dec., 
1695, with Mr. Wilkins's account of the 
apparition, Oxon., 11 Dec., 1695, from the 
Trin. Coll. Camb. Collection, will be found 
in Bentley's ' Correspondence,' 1842, vol. i. 
pp. 103-9. R. H. EDLESTON, F.S.A. 

Gainford. 

CHUBCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TUBBET 
(11 S. iii. 10). In many respects the small 
church at Newington, near Folkestone, 
answers to the description given by W. B. H. 
I am aware that lately this quaint old 
turret was threatened with improvements. 
HABOLD MALET, Col. 

Churches with detached bell-towers and 
I presume that by this is meant gabled or 
turret bells occur at Spalding, Fleet, 
Berkeley, Torrington, Pembridge, Bosbury, 
Richard's Castle, Ledbury and Yarpole, 
Beccles, Walton, Woburn, Mylor, Brynnlys, 
Hennlan, Llangyfelach, Gunwalloe, East 
Dereham, Marston - Morteyne, Lap worth, 
Elstow, Magdalen and New Colleges (Oxford), 
Dunblane, and Kilkenny. At Talland, says 
Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, a covered way con- 
nects it with the church (see Walcott's 
' Sacred Archaeology,' 1868, p. 217). 

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL. 

' THE FLYING DUTCHMAN '(US. iii. 48). 
The Flying Dutchman and other Poems,' 
was published in 1881, E. M. [? Ellen Mary] 
Clerke being the author. Part II. of the 
m, ' The Curse,' appeared in ' Women's 
Voices,' edited by Mrs. William Sharp, 1887, 
>p. 350-56. The tale is the old legend of 
V"anderdecken the Dutchman, compelled to 
ail the seas till the day of doom. In Part 
I. the metre does not correspond with the 
verse quoted in the query, but probably 



96 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 111 s. m. FEB. 4, 1911. 



Miss Clerke did not adhere to the same 
measure throughout the poem. The last 
stanza given in ' Women's Voices ' is as 
follows : 

A wraith along the deep she goes, 

Till nearing swift and pale, 
Upon the fated wreck she throws 

The shadow of her sail. 
And through the storm with hollow chime 

A spectral hail they hear, 
" How goes the world ? Methinks 'twere time 

That Doomsday should appear ! " 

W. S. S. 

SPIDER'S WEB AND FEVER (US. ii. 109, 
194). The spider was efficacious as a cure 
not only for whooping cough, but also for 
ague. I have in my library a well-marked 
book which Dr. Johnson said made him get 
out of bed earlier than usual to read. It 
has not had that effect upon me, but it has 
caused me to sit up later than usual to read 
a portion. Needless to say, I refer to 
Burton's ' Anatomy of Melancholy.' The 
author is dealing with amulets : 

" A ring, made of the hoofe of an asses right 
forefoot, carried about, &e., I say with Renodeus, 
they are not altogether to be rejected. Piony 
doth cure epilepsie; pretious stones most 
diseases ; a wolfs dung, born with one, helps the 
colick ; a spider an ague, &c. Being in the 
country in the vacation time not many years 
since, at Lindly in Leicestershire, my fathers 
house, I first observed this amulet of a spider in a 
nut-shell lapped in silke, &c., so applied for an 
ague by my mother : whom although I knew to 
have excellent skill in chirurgery, sore eyes, 
aches, &c. and such experimental medicines, as all 
the country where she dwelt can witness, to have 
done many famous and good cures upon divers 
poor folks, that were otherwise destitute of help 
yet, among all other experiments, this, me- 
thought, was most absurd and ridiculous : I could 
see no warrant for it. Quid aranecK cum febre? 
For what antipathy? till at length, rambling 
amongst authors (as often I do), I found this very 
medicine in Dioscorides, approved by Matthiolus, 
repeated by Aldrovandus, cap. de Araned, lib. dc 
inserhs. I began to have a better opinion of it, 
and to give more credit to amulets, when I saw 
it m some parties answer to experience." 
Part. 2, sec. 5, mem. 1, sub. 5. 

I am quoting from p. 459 of the seven- 
teenth edition, which is not in the British 
Museum Library, but seems only a large - 
paper copy of the sixteenth. A. RHODES. 

CORONER OF THE VERGE (11 S. iii. 30). 
The verge or virge (virgata) was the compass 
ot the King's Court, comprehending a circuit 
oi 12 miles round the residence of the King's 
Courts (13 Ric. II. c. 3). Ancientlv at 
Common Law the Coroner of the Verge" had 
an exempt jurisdiction within the verge, to 
the exclusion of the county coroner (4 Rep. 



But owing to the King's Court being 
3, great delay and failure of justice 



46 b.). 
movable, 

often arose, and many felonies committed 
within the verge remained unpunished. The 
statute Articuli super Cartas (28 Edw. I. 
c. 3) was therefore passed. It provided 
that the county coroner should be associated 
with the Coroner of the Verge. By 
33 Hen. VIII. c. 12 deaths within the 
precincts of the King's palace were to be 
inquired into by the Coroner of the King's 
Household alone ; while those without the 
precincts, but within the verge, were to be 
held, as before, by the two coroners. By the 
Coroners Act, 1887 (50 and 51 Viet. c. 71, 
sch. 3), repealing 28 Edw. I. c. 3, the jurisdic- 
tion of the verge is entirely abolished, and 
becomes absorbed in that of the county 
coroner, while the precincts of the palace 
remain as before. Sec. 29 provides for the 
appointment of the Coroner of the King's 
Household by the Lord Steward, his jurisdic- 
tion, and the procedure of his courts in nine 
elaborate subsections. 

WYNNE E. BAXTER. 

For information concerning the Coroner 
of the Verge Britton may be consulted 
(vol. i. p. 4 of Mr. F. M. Nichols's edition) ; 
as also the Introductions to vols. ix. and 
xxiv. of ' the publications of the Selden 
Society. The office still survives, and J. R. 
Mellor, Esq., the Senior Master of the 
Supreme Court, is the present incumbent. 

W. C. BOLLAND. 
Lincoln's Inn. 

Bacon wrote a paper on this subject, 
printed (if I remember rightly) in a posthum- 
ous collection entitled ' Resuscitatio.' 

W. C. B. 

Helpful N. Bailey supplies : 

" Verge (of the Court), the compass or extent of 
the King's Court, formerly of twelve miles extent 
within the jurisdiction of the Lord High Steward 
of the King's Houshold, called so from the Verge 
or staff which the Marshal bears." 

In Saxon times the privilege of the King's 
palace extended from its gate to the distance 
of 3 miles, 3 fur longs 3 acres 9 feet, 9 palms, 
and 9 barleycorns (Thoms's 'Book of the 
Court,' p. 302 n., citing Blackstone's * Com- 
mentaries,' Book III. c. 6, s. iv.). 

ST. SWITHIN. 

CLUB ETRANGER AT HANOVER SQUARE 
(11 S. ii. 407, 477). MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS 
is, no doubt, correct in connecting " La Salle 
du Festino " with the Queen's Concert, 
or (as they were more familiarly known) the 
Hanover Square, Rooms, so famous for 



us. m. FEB. 4, Ian.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



97 



assemblies, concerts, readings, and lectures 
(see 9 S. v. 354). My impression is that the 
name " Cercle des Etrangers," to which 
MR. ABRAHAMS refers, was at one time 
linked with that of the St. George's Club 
which occupied the premises until they were 
razed for the erection of the inevitable pile 
of flats. The historic " room " became the 
dining-room of the Club, and its dis- 
appearance was regretted by many because 
of past memories. Some fine mural orna- 
mentations vanished also, nobody appears to 
know whither. CECIL CLARKE. 

Junior Athenaeum Club. 

"CARENT" (11 S. iii. 9). I would 
venture to suggest that the word " carent " 
falls into the category of legal macaronics. 
It is simply equivalent to the word " rent." 
The third person plural of the Latin verb 
careo, " I want," it applies equally to the 
position of landlord or of tenant. " Rent " 
is what tenants frequently want, or are 
destitute of. It is also what landlords some- 
times anxiously inquire after, but are 
destined not to receive. Hence " carent "- 
moneys which they want, but which are not 
forthcoming. SCOTUS. 

SONGS OF THE PEASANTRY (11 S. iii. 47) 
Is MR. GRAHAM acquainted with * Songs and 
Ballads of the West ' ? There are one 
hundred and ten of them, collected by the 
Rev. S. Baring-Gould and the Rev. H. Fleet- 
wood Sheppard from old people living on and 
around Dartmoor, and set by them to music. 
Probably the best known of the ballads is 
* Widdecombe Fair.' So far as Devon- 
shire is concerned, there is no other collection 
equal to this. A. J. DAVY. 

Torquay. 

INSCRIPTIONS IN CHURCHES AND CHURCH- 
YARDS (11 S. ii. 389, 453, 492, 537 ; iii. 57). 
During the greater part of 1893 my spare 
time was spent in Woolwich Churchyard 
copying the inscriptions on the gravestones 
before their removal so that the old grave- 
yard might be turned into a public garden, 
which was eventually done. I had the 
countenance, and to some extent the help, 
of the late Dr. Howard (Maltravers Herald) 
and Mr. Leland Duncan. There were 1,255 
numbered gravestones, some of which were 
fully inscribed on both sides. The work 
proceeded slowly, and at the end of the 
year I had transcribed the inscriptions on 
922 stones ; and as the work of removing 
them began early in the following year, 
my task came to an untimely end. Mr. F. A. 
Crisp of Denmark Hill was the originator 



i one presumably a stonemason, 
'tainly a wag added the following 



of the design of preserving the inscriptions, 
and to him I handed my unfinished work. 
I believe it was his intention to publish the 
names among his " Fragmenta," but I do 
not know if this was done. 

It is fortunate that so many inscriptions 
have been preserved, as during the work of 
removal, although great care was taken, 
many stones were, I know, destroyed. The 
legible dates ranged from 1700 to 1855. 

I have preserved a copy of the schedule 
of names and dates prepared by the legal 
authorities before the removal, as well as a 
copy of their plan showing the relative 
position of each of the 1,255 graves. 

One of my discoveries was a forgotten 
" comic " headstone which had been a source 
of great annoyance to the then Rector 
(Greenlaw). It held an inscription to 
Emmanuel Shipper, who died in 1842, and 
after his name and date was cut the following 
distich : 

As I am now so will you be, 
Therefore prepare to follow me. 

Some one i 
and cert 
lines : 

To'follow you I 'm not intent 

Till first I know which way you went. 

WM. NORMAN. 
Plums tead. 

WILLIAM JOSEPH LOCKWOOD (11 S. iii. 29). 
It was William Lockwood the father, not 
William Joseph Lockwood the son, who, 
according to Burke's ' Landed Gentry,' was 
" shot blind at Westminster School in a 
battle against the mob." See 1858 edition, 
p. 1349. William Joseph Lockwood, who 
was Verderer of Epping Forest and a captain 
in the Coldstream Guards, died in 1854. 

W. SCOTT. 

THE THREE WISHES (11 S. ii. 506). This 
story is also told in Brittany. It will be 
found in Mrs. E. W. Rinder's ' The Shadow 
of Arvor,' under the title of ' Devil-may- 
Care.' The hero is a blacksmith who 
had formerly been a soldier. St. Peter, 
as in the version recorded by MR. NICHOL- 
SON, accompanies the Lord. H. I. B. 

KNOTS IN HANDKERCHIEFS : INDIAN 
CUSTOM (US. ii. 506 ; iii. 35). At 4 S. xi. 
53 I showed that the custom is alluded to in 
' The Ancren Riwle,' p. 396, i.e., it is as old 
as A.D. 1225 in England. This was reprinted 
in my ' Student's Pastime,' p. 73. 

WALTER W. SKEAT. 



98 



NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. m. FEB. 4, IQIL 



BLACKSTONE'S ' COMMENTARIES,' FIRST 
EDITION (10 S. xii. 385). I think that MR. 
W. R. B. PRIDEATJX will find some altera- 
tion in the treatment of the ^ copyright 
question, as to which Blackstone's opinion 
was confirmed by the Courts. Q. V. 

WHYTEHEER OR WHYTEBEER (US. ii. 228, 
318, 378, 511). The ' N.E.D.' has not yet 
reached W, but under " taw," ix. 117, col. 3, 
it quotes " Whittawer " of the date 1474. 

W. C. B. 



on 



The Oxford English Dictionary. Sauce-alone 
Scouring (Vol. VIII.). Edited by Henry 
Bradley. TTealf. (Vol. IX.) Edited by 
Sir James A. H. Murray. (Oxford, Clarendon 
Press.) 

THE ' NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY ' has made 
such steady and continuous advance as to put a 
heavy tax on the time of the conscientious re- 
viewer who studies every page of it with care. 
There should, however, be no fear of ' N. & Q.' 
being indifferent to the progress of a splendid 
work to which it is continually devoting the 
research of its contributors. Last July ' Sauce- 
alone Scouring ' (Vol VIII.) appeared, edited 
by Mr. Henry Bradley ; and last October ' T 
Tealt ' (Vol. IX.), under Sir James Murray's care. 
These two parts show the admirable skill and 
patient research which make the ' Dictionary ' 
a delight to all serious students of English. The 
elaborate analysis of the various senses of a word 
will not strike the ordinary reader, perhaps, so 
much as other features of the scheme ; but all 
experts in language must recognize the great 
success attained in this, possibly the most difficult 
part of lexicography. Johnson's definitions are 
occasionally utilized as a beginning, but a minute 
and careful separation of senses follows which 
must have been the outcome of much time and 
thought. 

Foreign and dialectic words are freely included 
in the scheme, which also extends to words now 
current only outside England. 

Nothing is more difficult than to guess at the 
length of time during which any word has been 
used, and the ' Dictionary ' by its wealth of dated 
examples has in this respect sa long outstripped 
all competitors that it is not necessary to quote 
the statistics provided at the beginning of each 
section. 

The mere fact that a whole section is needed for 
"sauce-alone" to "scouring" shows the ex- 
tended scale on which the ' Dictionary ' is planned. 
Dr. Bradley has no common words to deal with 
which need treating at great length, " say " 
occupying the most room. The literature of 
learning is, however, well exhibited in " science," 
and " school " with its many cognates. The 
colloquial " saucebox," of persons, goes back as 
far as 1588. It is pointed out that " sauciness " 
and " saucy " have grown milder in their mean- 
ing of late years. That specially German condi- 
ment, " Sauerkraut, "^hasVon its way into English, 



and is followed by " saufey," " saught," and 
" saulee " terms obscure to the ordinary reader 
and now obsolete. "Saunter" is described as 
of obscure origin, and the derivation suggesting 
" to venture oneself," is regarded as " phono- 
logically inadmissible." The number of spellings 
given for " sausage " is remarkable, and still more 
its actual varieties, which are said to exceed 150. 
We are glad to find Dickens quoted more than 
once for the word and its derivatives. The same 
page gives us words so different as " savant " and 
" savate." " Save " is a capital instance of 
idioms well differentiated. "Saw" includes 
several special combinations from the United 
States. Under " sawyer " is a third section 
marked " U.S." ; but the last quotation given 
therein explains " snags " and " sawyers," which 
occur in combination in Dickens. 

" Say-so "=mere word or dictum, is an effect- 
ive piece of English which is current now only in 
America, and might be revived, as " ipse dixit " 
has taken its place here. We believe that in the 
law " scaffolding " implies the presence of a rope. 
There are two important words with the same 
spelling " scale." " Scamper " is of uncertain 
origin, but " not improbably the word was origin- 
ally military slang " of foreign origin, we hasten 
to add. Pope's " presume not God to scan " 
suggests to us the addition of a further verse 
quotation, Burns's 

Then gently scan your brother man ; 

Still gentler, sister woman, 

in the ' Address to the Unco Guid.' " Scapegoat'* 
was " apparently, invented by Tindal (1530) " 
for use in Leviticus xvi. ; but we learn that it has 
been turned out of the Revised Version, which . 
has " Azazel " instead. A " Scarborough warn- 
ing " =very short notice, or none at all, occurs 
as early as 1546. " Scavenger " is altered from 
" scavager " with intrusive n, as in '* passenger " 
and " messenger " ; the instrument of torture called 
the "Scavenger's daughter " presents, however, a 
perverted form of the inventor's name, Skeffing- 
ton. Of " scenery " of the open-air kind there is, 
as might be expected, no quotation before the 
seventeenth century was well advanced. In 
Johnson's days people preferred, we think, to 
talk of a " prospect." " Sceptred " offers a good 
display of that poetical quotation which the 
' Dictionary ' seems sometimes unduly to despise, 
for examples are provided from Shakspeare, 
Milton, Gray, Landor, and Byron. The heading 
" sch " has some Important hints as to pronuncia- 
tion. "Schiedam" and "schnapps" are both 
allied forms of drink. The slight specialization 
of meaning which "scholar" and "scholar- 
ship " have acquired is well treated* It would, 
however, be easy to add to the quotations from 
books, which we prefer to journalism or Acts of 
Parliament. Special attention is directed to the 
word " scientific," of which the true history is 
now traced for the first time to a rendering of the 
word tirivT-fifni in Aristotle. 

We end our notice of this part with two words 
of University usage. " Scio " was the formal 
testimony once given at Oxford to the fitness of a 
candidate for a degree. "Sconce" is a Uni- 
versity fine which is illustrated from our own 
columns in 1885. In its humorous form it has r 
we believe, been inflicted on dons as well as under- 
graduates, though the latter only are mentioned! 
1 in sense b. 



ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Beginning with T, we find some odd phrases in 
which it figures, as the " T bean ' ' of the seventeenth 
century, grown or cut in the form of that letter ; 
the " T cart," an open phaeton ; and various 



examples of the phenomenon which has given us 
" Tandry " and the more familiar " tawdry." 
That simple things are not always easy to define 
is shown by " tab," which is "A short broad strap, 
flat loop, or the like, attached by one end to an 
object, or forming a short projecting part by which 
a thing can be taken hold of, hung up, fastened, 
or pulled." The word is, we learn, not in John- 
son, and still largely dialectic. The third sense of 
" tabard," the official dress of heralds, was fre- 
quently in the papers during the announcement of 
King George's accession to the throne ; but the 
' Dictionary ' does not pretend to include the most 
modern references, and we might have done 
without the example from journalism (1903) of 
" tabard-fashion." The list of newspapers that 
really show some censorship over the wild and 
inaccurate English of their contributors is so 
small that we should pause before admitting 
several usages here recorded, and in other cases 
prefer, as we have said more than once, easily 
accessible quotations from books, which at least 
have a chance of being decently " read " before 
being submitted to the public. "Tabby" and 
" tabby-cat " are curious in their origin. The 
sense of striped silk is named from a quarter of 
Bagdad, but that of " old maid " is earlier than 
the sense of " cat," and may be derived from 
Tabitha. " Taberdar " for a senior scholar of 
Queen's College, Oxford, is first noted in 1566. 
Among the many senses of " tabernacle " is an 
" alleged term for a company of bakers," as to 
which Mr. John Hodgkin has noted in his learned 
and amusing book on ' Proper Terms ' (p. 162) that 
the " tabernacula " in question may be " little 
shops made of boords." 

" Table " is a long article, admirably arranged 
The commonest use of the word lacks verse 
quotations. The last one in prose (1853) suggests 
to us a line from Browning's ' Mr. Sludge, " the 
Medium," ' 

' May I sit, sir ? This dear old table, now ! 
or another, 

You jogged the table, your foot caused the squeak. 
There is a long list of special combinations of the 
word, from " table-allowance " to " table-work." 
There is no notice from a nineteenth-century book 
of "Table d'h6te." Oddly enough, we ^are able 
to supply one from verse. In Clough's ' Mari 
Magno ' ' The Clergyman's Tale ' has (11.63-4), 
f 'Twas easier now to face the crowded shore, 
, And table d'hdte less tedious than before. 
Under " tablet " the desire of ' Wee Macgregor ' 
(1900) for toffee has found a place. The last 

r)tation for a memorial tablet is of 1870. We 
uld have been glad for the sake of history to 
see the zeal of the L.C.C. commemorated in a 
quotation. There is curious information of a 
commercial and legal character concerning the 
use of " tabloid." " Taboo " now increasingly 
spelt, we notice, by anthropologists " tabu," 
is an important article. " Tabula rasa " has 
secured admission, and may, we hope, catch the 
eye of the sub-editor who passed some few years 
ago in the daily press the phrase " Solvuntur 
tabula rasa " ! The various words under " tache 
are confusing, but none of them is to-day much 



used by the ordinary man. " Tack " is partly 
mixed up with " Tache," and the many usages it 
covers are noteworthy. The 'definition of 
" Tackle " (vi.) in Rugby football, " To seize and" 
stop an opponent when in possession of the ball,' r 
will hardly do. Full backs would be only too 
happy if every time they tackled, they were able 
to stop. " To seize or try to stop " -would be an 
improvement in the wording. " Taffy "for Welsh- 
man appears to begin in 1700. " Tagraggery " 
is noted as " chiefly Carlylese." " Tail " is a 
long and excellent article, but it is surpassed in 
length by " take," one of the most difficult words 
to analyze and arrange which Sir James can have- 
encountered. We should have been inclined to 
associate 7, the transitive use " of an injurious or 
destructive agency, natural or supernatural,, 
magical, etc.," with 10, " to captivate, delight, 
charm " ; and pure pleasure would have impelled 
us to quote under the latter heading the 

daffodils, 

That come before the swallow dares, and take 

The winds of March with beauty. 
We are glad to see Tennyson's " So took echo with) 
delight " included, and altogether the article is a 
wonderful piece of work. 

" Talbot " (hound) is " understood to be derived, 
from the ancient English family name Talbot. ... 
but evidence is wanting." 

For " tale," a mere story, a fiction, The London 
Herald (1867) is the only quotation of the last 
century. Admirers of Sir W. S. Gilbert will 
recall the lines 

Tell a tale of cock and bull, 
Of convincing details full. 

' Mr. Sludge ' could supply a verse quotation for 
" talent," special aptitude : 

when you buy 
The actor's talent, do you dare propose 

For his soul beside ? 

" Tamal," " tamasha," and " tambouki " are- 
among foreign words which would puzzle most 
people. " Tampion," also " tompion," has, we 
note, nothing to do with the " Tompion clock " 
in ' Pickwick ' at the Bath Pump-room, sometimes 
spelt without the capital letter. This clock, 
was given by " the father of English watch- 
making " to the city of Bath in 1709. 

" Tandem " is, as a quotation from our owir 
columns in 1850 explains, " a practical pun now 
naturalized in our language." Words of such 
origin must be very rare ; we recall only " dicky," 
which is possibly TO/^, and certainly slang. We 
have always been a little doubtful about the 
meaning of the " tang " in Kate's tongue which 
made her unpopular (' Tempest,' II. ii. 52), and 
Sir James justifies our doubts. The " Tantalus " 
which holds spirits has not been traced back 
further than 1898. " Tariff Reform " begins in 
' The Century Dictionary ' (1891) as " in general 
a movement away from Protection." The 
introduction of Daudet's ' Tartarin ' into English 
is duly noted; while Moliere's "Tartufe" has 
made English nouns and adjectives. " Task," 
"taste," and " tax" are other articles of great 
interest ; and " tea," with its derivatives, occupies 
a good deal of space, being prefaced by an in- 
teresting note as to pronunciation. 

Sir James Murray and his staff have of late 
lost some devoted helpers. It is all the more- 
credit to them that they are able to make such 
regular advance in their arduous work. 



100 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 4, 1911. 



BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. FEBRUARY. 

MB. B. H. BLACKWELL of Oxford, sends his 
January Clearance List of Classical, Mathematical, 
and other School-Books. These lists are issued 
twice a year ; the next will be published in 
September. 

Messrs. Bowes & Bowes include in their Cam- 
bridge Catalogue 346, under Fiscal Policy, a 
collection of cuttings, October, 1903 April, 
1904, arranged in 13 scrapbooks, 31. 10s. Under 
Bibliography are " Books about Books," 6 vols., 
11. 16s. ; James's ' Manuscripts in the Fitz- 
william Museum,' and ' Illuminated Manuscripts 
in the British Museum.' Under Chaucer is 
Lintot's folio edition, 1721, II. Is. Under 
Classical Literature is a collection of over 90 
theses issued between 1830 and 1886 on Greek 
And Latin authors, 6 vols., 4to, 31. 3s. There is 
A list under Economics and Social Questions. 
Under England and also under France are many 
historical works. There are in addition works 
on India, Ireland, and London. Under Alex- 
ander Macmillan is ' A Night with the Yankees,' 
-a lecture delivered in the Town Hall, Cambridge, 
30 March, 1868, and privately printed, 10s. Qd. ; 
and under Malcolm Kingsley Macmillan is 
' Selected Letters,' also privately printed, 1893, 
21. 2s. Lord Vernon's magnificent edition of 
Dante, 3 vols., folio, Firenze, 1858-65, is 131. 13s. 
This was printed for presentation only, and con- 
tains appendixes with a bibliography. 

Mr. L. C. Braun's Catalogue 67 opens with 
Art and Illustrated Books. There is a fine clean 
copy of Bewick's ' Fables,' 1820, 21. ; also ' The 
Looking Glass for the Mind,' 1821, 10s. Qd. Under 
Leech is ' Young Troublesome,' folio, original 
boards, 11. 10s. ; under Napoleon, a collection of 
prints, 15s. ; under South Africa, 11 coloured 
views, Ackermann, 1818, 12/6 ; and under 
Uzanne, ' L'Ombrelle, le Gant, le Manchon,' 
morocco, 21. 5s. Among Bindings are Aldine 
Classics, 1540-50, 11 vols., original red morocco, 
full gilt backs, 4Z. Foreign Literature comprises a 
hundred items. Works under Occult include 
Barrett's ' The Magus ; or, Celestial Intelligencer,' 
4to, original boards, 1801, 31. There is much of 
interest under Topography. London includes, 
Lysons's ' Environs,' 5 vols., 4to, 1810, 21. 10s. ; 
and Godwin's ' Churches,' 2 vols., half-calf, 1839, 
18s. There are many engraved views, including 
Crosby Hall in 1814 and 1886, and Horwood's 
4 Plan,' 1799, 11. 15s. There are also engraved 
portraits of general interest. In the Addenda 
are ' The Antiquarian Repertory',' 4 vols., 4to, 
1775-84, 11. 5s. ; and Daniel's ' Rural Sports,' 
2 vols., 1801-2, with the Supplement, 1813, 3 vols., 
4to, 11. 5s. Under India is Malleson's ' History of 
the Mutiny,' with index by Pincott, 7 vols., 8vo, 
cloth, 31. 10s. 

Messrs. Myers's Catalogue 165 contains the 
rare first edition of Ainsworth's ' Rookwood ' 
in the original cloth, 1836, 81. Under Alken are 
* British Proverbs,' 1824, Ql. 15s. ; ' Symptoms of 
being Amused,' 1822, 81. ; and ' Specimens of 
Riding near London,' 1823, 11. 10s. Under 
Balzac is the Saintsbury edition, large paper 
(one of 50 copies), 40 vols., 12Z. 12s. A tall copy 
of Hayward's ' Edward the Sixt,' 4to, calf, 1630", 
is Ql. Qs. ; and a fine copy of Molire's ' (Euvres/ 



6 vols., contemporary calf, 1788, Ql. 12s. Qd. 
Under Stuarts is the Edition de Luxe of Foster, 
2 vols., folio, Ql. 10s. There is an extra-illustrated 
copy of Bleackley's ' Duchess of Hamilton,' 2 vols., 
green morocco super-extra, 1907, 12Z. 5s. There 
are works under Africa, Alpine, America, Charles 
I., Dramatic, and Ireland. Under Dante Ros- 
setti is his translation of the early Italian poets, 
first edition, tree calf, 1861, 21. 2s. Under Scottish 
Market Crosses is Small's work with introduction 
by Hutcheson, 118 illustrations, folio, 1900, 



>y tiv 
I. Is. 



Among Shakespeare items are Frank 



Howard's ' Spirit of the Plays.' 483 plates, un- 
spotted copy, 5 vols., 1833, 21. 5s. r and Hazlitt's 
reprints of the rare jest-books, 3 vols., 1864, 
three-quarter levant, 21. 2s. Under Shelley are 
the letters to Leigh Hunt, edited by Wise, 2 vols. 
(limited to 30 copies for private circulation), 
1894, 11. 5s. (presentation copy to Edward Clodd 
j from the Editor). 

Messrs. Myers also send Catalogue 166, which 
contains Engraved Views of London. These 
include Ludgate Hill, large folio, 1795, 21. 2s. ; 
the Strand in 1763, 11. 5s. ; several of St. Paul's ; 
and Tottenham Court Road, ' March of the 
Guards to Finchley,' folio, scarce, 4/. 4s. There 
are views of Piccadilly, Hyde Park (the grand 
review, 9 July, 1838), Bloornsbury, Chancery 
Lane, Islington, Westminster Abbey, St. James's, 
Vauxhall Gardens, and Knightsbridge Chapel, 
1789 (exterior with adjacent old houses and 
coaching scene, and interior, formerly belonging 
to the Hospital of Lepers, folio, 4s.). 

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.] 



CANON HEWITT. On 28 December, at Grahams- 
town, South Africa, after a long illness, the Rev. 
James Alexander Hewitt, Canon of Grahamstown. 
He was educated at St. Augjistine's College, 
Canterbury, and received the honorary degree 
of D.C.L. from the University of the South in 
1888. He had been in South" Africa since 1870, 
and was the author of ' English Church History 
in South Africa,' 1887. He had sent us contribu- 
tions from 9 S. vi. to 10 S. viii. 



tn (K0msp0tttottts. 



We must call special, attention to the following 
notices: 

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, 
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value 
of old books and other objects or as to the means of 
disposing of them. 

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, 
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value 
of old books and other objects or as to the means of 
disposing of them. 

EDITORIAL communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of ' Notes and Queries '" Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub- 
lishers "at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E.G. 

R. B K( " Westminster Chimes "). Anticipated 
ante, p. 35. 

CORRIGENDUM. P. 66, col. 1, 1. 20 from foot, for 
" ISwrebaples" read "Sweetaples." 



us. in. FEB. ii, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



101 



LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1911. 



CONTENTS.-No. 59. 

NOTES : The English Bible, 1611, 101 Crabb Robinson 
and De Quincey, 102 Pensioners in the Long Parliament, 
103 Sheridan and Bishop Hall Chateaubriand and 
Madame Lieven Michael Bruce, Logan, and 'The Ode 
to the Cuckoo,' 104 Mew or Mewes Families Temple 
Bar in 1851, 105 Brechin Lowe Family Conscience- 
Stricken : Tardy Advertisements, 106. 

QUERIES : St. William's Day at York Dom Francisco 
Manuel de Mello Pitt's Letter on Superstition Aristotle 
on Education Marine Insurance Sir Robert Peel and 
his Speeches Court Life " Bezant "Mother's Maiden 
Name as Children's Surname, 107 Leader of the House 
of Commons Lady O'Looney's Epitaph " Strike of 
Saunsons " S. G. Sloraan " -de- " : " -ty-" Aislabie 
Family, 108 Cecil Howard J. Arbuthnot C. Barbour 
Dr. J. Drake R. Heath Elizabeth Dixon, Quaker 
" Ware " Potatoes" The Almighty Dollar," 109. 

REPLIES : Milton Bibles, 109 Newenham Abbey Lady 
Conyngham, 110 Hoi well Family Thackeray and 
Pugilism Dickens : " Shallabalah " " Elze "^Already 
"Puckled," 111 "Die in beauty "Barbara de Bierle 
Geoffrey Pole 'Tit for Tat,' 112 Early Ships named 
Victory" Love me, love my dog," 113 Wet Hay Irish 
Book of Remembrance Belfast Registers Archbishop 
Cleaver Rogerson Cotter 'A Voice from the Bush,' 114 
Jeremy Smith Chertsey Cartularies Sir John Chandos 
The Black Prince's Language-Sybil, Queen of Scotland 
"Woodyer" " Terse" Claret, 116 Adders' Fat and 
Deafness Early Beefsteak Club, 117 Grange Courty- 
Owls called " Cherubims "Quaker Oats Ship lost in 
the Fifties Pauper's Badge, 118. 

NOTES ON BOOKS: 'A Quaker Post-Bag ' Reviews 
and Magazines. 

Booksellers' Catalogues. 

OBITUARY : W. L. Rutton T. Forster. 



THE ENGLISH BIBLE, 1611. 

IN the prologue to his English Bible, 1539, 
Cranmer repeated the rule of St. Gregory 
Nazianzen, " I forbid not to read, but I 
forbid to reason " (Strype's ' Cranmer,' 
1694, ii. 247). Doubtless he feared for the 
result when the book should come into the 
hands of such as disregarded the ancient 
safeguards. A century later Chillingworth 
in his ' Religion of Protestants,' 1637, 
wrote the sentence which has become the 
watchword of many : " The Bible, I say, 
the Bible only, is the religion of Protestants " 
(1846, p. 463). But these memorable words 
have been unfairly used, for their author 
again and again guards himself by acknow- 
ledging the authoritative interpretation of 
** the catholic church of all ages " (p. 16), 
" the consent and testimony of the ancient 
and primitive church " (p. 105) ; and 
declares his meaning to be " Scripture inter- 
preted by catholic written tradition" (p. 362). 
By the middle of that century a host of sects 



had arisen which had hardly anything in 
common with Chillingworth but the word 
Protestant. We have to keep these things 
in mind in estimating the importance of the 
widespread distribution of an authorized 
version. 

Whatever effect the book of 1611 had upon 
the people at large, it is certain that scholars 
and clergy were not unanimous in the 
approval or adoption of it. 

Among those who continued more or less 
to use the old version were John Denison, 
chaplain to James I., in his ' Heavenly 
Banquet,' 1619, 1631 ; Dr. John Donne, 
Dean of St. Paul's, in ' Six Sermons,' 1634, 
iii. 1, v. 11, who prefers " our former trans- 
lation" ; and Dr. William Brough, Dean of 
Gloucester, in a * Preservative against Schism,' 
at the end of his ' Manual of Devotions,' 
1659, pp. 516, 517. Bishop Pearson often 
chose to make independent renderings for 
himself in his book on the ' Creed,' 1659 ; see 
the ed. by James Nichols, 1844, pref. 

Moreover the new book did not find its 
way into all parish churches for more than 
a century. Bishop Beveridge, writing in 
1710, says that the Bishops' Bible "hath 
been read in several churches instead of the 
New, ever since, to our days " ; and in 
defence of the retention of " old words now 
grown obsolete " he adds : 

" The vulgar still use those words, or at least 
understand them as well as any that are in 
common use. It is among the common people 
that the language of every nation is best pre- 
served." ' Works,' viii. 619, 631, " Ang.-Cath. 
Lib.," 1846. 

There is an excellent article by Dean 
Plumptre, afterwards one of the Revisers, in 
Smith's ' Dictionary of the Bible,' 1863, iii. 
1675-83. G. G. Perry, 'History of the 
Church of England,' 1861, i. 200, contrasts 
the statements of Hallam and Trench on the 
language of the A.V. The list in Lowndes's 
* Bibliographer's Manual,' Bohn, 1857, i. 
174-200, is worth consulting. 

Some of the books mentioned below are 
well known, but a few of them may not be 
obvious. Others are noticed by Lowndes 
and by Plumptre. 

Leigh, Edward, M.A., Oxon. Annotations 

imperfections in our Translation discovered. 
Folio, 1650. 

Kilburne, William. Dangerous Errors in 
several late printed Bibles to the great scandal 
and corruption of sound and true Religion. 4to, 
pp. 15, Finsbury, 1659. 

Cell, Robert, D.D. Essay towards the amend- 
ment of the last English Translation of the Bible ; 
or, a proof, by many instances, that the last trans- 
lation of the Bible into English may be improved. 
Folio, 1659. 



102 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. FEB. n, 1911. 



John Edwards, Fellow of St. John's 
College, Cambridge, in his ' Perfection of 
Holy Scripture,' 1695, pp. 531, 543, 565, 
suggests that Convocation should revise the 
English Bible, and advises the disuse of 
" obsolete " words such as " ere," " trow," 
" wist," " wot." 

A. Blackwall, 'Sacred Classics' (1725), 
2nd ed., 1727, gives instances where our 
version is faulty, harsh, improper, indecent, 
low, obscure, pp. 74, 87, 132, 204. In a 
third part, issued later, he supplies improved 
translations. 

B(oss), H(ugh). Essay for a New Translation 
of the Bible. Wherein is shewn from Reason and 
the Authority of the Best Commentators, Inter- 
preters, and Criticks, that there is a Necessity for 
a New Translation. 2nd ed., 8vo, pp. 338, 1727. 
Translated from Charles Le Ceiie. 

Scott, William. The New Testament Illus- 
trated.... a Correction of our Translation. 4 to, 
1775. 

Symonds, John, Professor of Modern History, 
Cambridge. Observations on the Expediency of 
Revising the Present English Version of the Four 
Gospels and Acts. 4to, Camb., 1789. 

Lindsey, Theophilus, Fellow of St. John's 
College, Cambridge, Unitarian. List of False 
Readings and Mistranslations of the English 
Bible. 1790. 

Newcome, William, Archbishop of Armagh. 
Historical View of English Biblical Translations. 
8vo, Dublin, 1792. Attempt towards Revising 
the English Translation of the Greek Scriptures. 
2 vols., 8vo, Dublin, 1796. 

Tomlinson, Robert. Attempt to rescue the 
Holy Scriptures from the Ridicule they incur 
with the inconsiderate, occasioned by incorrect 
Translations. 8vo, 1803. 

Barrett, Richard A. F., Fellow of King's College, 
Cambridge. Synopsis of Criticisms upon those 
Passages of the Old Testament in which Commenta- 
tors have differed from the Authorized Version. 
5 vols., 8vo, 1847. 

A Plea for a New English Version of the Scrip- 
tures. By a Licentiate of the Church of Scotland. 
8vo, 1864. 

W. C. B. 



CRABB ROBINSON AND 
DE QUINCEY. . 

THERE are some interesting references to 
Thomas De Quincey in the * Diary ' of 
Henry Crabb Robinson. The first mention 
of the Opium-Eater is dated 17 June, 1812, 
when Robinson dined in the Middle Temple 
Hall with De Quincey, who was, as he notes, 
very civil and gave him a cordial invitation 
to the Cottage in Cumberland. 

Crabb Robinson says that De Quincey' 3 
" person is small, his complexion fair, and his 
air and manner are those of a sickly and enfeebled 
man. From this circumstance his sensibility, 



which I have no doubt is genuine, is in danger of 
being mistaken for effeminateness. At least 
coarser and more robustly healthful persons may 
fall into this mistake." 

On 5 September, 1816, Crabb Robinson 
says : 

" I took an opportunity of calling on De 
Quincey, my Temple-hall acquaintance. He has 
been very much an invalid, and his appearance 
bespoke ill-health." 

The visit was mainly to Wordsworth, but 
after reaching home Robinson notes : 

" Just as we were going to bed De Quincey called 
on me. He was in much better spirits than when 
I saw him in the morning, and expressed a wish 
to walk with me about the neighbourhood." 

This shows that De Quincey's nocturnal 
habits had already started. On the 24th the 
diarist says : 

" Wordsworth conducted me over the fell, 
and left me, near De Quincey's house, a little 
after one. He was in bed. but rose on my arrival. 
I was gratified by the sight of a large collection 
of books, which I lounged over." 

They had a walk across Grasmere to 
Easdale Tarn, and returned to dinner, after 
which De Quincey accompanied him to the 
gate of Wordsworth's garden terrace. When 
he returned -he says : " I found De Quincey 
up, and chatted with him till past twelve/ 
Of 25 September he says : 

" This was a day of unexpected enjoyment. 
I lounged over books till past ten, when De 
Quincey came down to breakfast. It was not 
till past twelve we commenced our walk, which 
had been marked out by Wordsworth. We first 
passed Grasmere Church, and then, going along 
the opposite side of the lake, crossed by a mountain 
road into the vale of Great Langdale." 

Under date 7 October, 1821, Crabb Robinson- 
remarks : 

" My journal mentions (what does not belong io 
my recollections, but to my obliviscences) an 
able pamphlet by Mr. De Quincey against 
Brougham, written during the late election, 
entitled ' Close Comments on a Straggling Speech/ 
a capital title at all events." 

This pamphlet is anonymous. I traced a 
copy to the Bibliotheca Jacksoniana at 
Tullie House, Carlisle. An account of this 
effort of the Opium-Eater as an electioneer 
appeared in The Manchester Guardian 
(28 September, 1907). 

In the following month the Opium-Eater 
was in London. On 7 November Crabb 
Robinson writes : 

" Called on De Quincey to speak about the 
Classical Journal. I have recommended him to 
Valpy, who will be glad of his assistance. D& 
Quincey speaks highly of the liberality of Taylor 
and Hessey, who gave him forty guineas for his 
' Opium-Eater.' " 



ii s. m. FEB. 11, wit.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



It would seem that nothing came of H. C. R.'s 
kindly intervention. De Quincey's name 
does not occur in Valpy's Classical Journal, 
and none of the articles raise a suspicion 
that he had any share in them. 

On 6 July, 1824, Oabb Robinson took 
tea with Lamb. Hessey gave an account of 
De Quincey's description of his bodily suf- 
ferings. " He should have employed as his 
publishers," said Lamb, " Pain and Fuss " 
(Payne & Foss) not a very brilliant joke. 

The last reference to De Quincey is dated 
29 August, 1836, and expresses the diarist's 
opinion that it was Cottle's right and duty 
to make known the generous gift of the 
Opium-Eater to Coleridge. 

WILLIAM E. A. AXON. 
> [See ' Puns on Payne,' 11 S. ii. 409, 453 ; iii. 36.] 



PENSIONERS IN THE LONG 
PARLIAMENT. 

No doubt the following list of pensioners 
who represented the nation in the Long 
Parliament, taken from The Universal Maga- 
zine, January, 1750, will be of interest to 
readers of 'N. & Q.' : 

Lenthal, the Speaker, 7,730?. per annum, besides 
a gratuity of 6,000?. 

Bulstrode Whitlock, Commissioner of the Great 
Seal, 1,500?. per annum and a gift of 2,0002. 

Edmund Prideaux, 1,2001. per annum. 

Roger Hill, 1,200?. per annum. 

Francis Rous, 1,200?. per annum. 

Humphry Salway, 200?. per annum. 

John Lisle, 800?. per annum. 

Oliver St. John made over 40,000?. from his places 
of Attorney and Solicitor for the King, by 
ordinance of Parlia