flc
Notas and Queries, July 29, 1911.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
FOR
LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC.
When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
ELEVENTH SERIES. VOLUME III.
JANUARY JUNE, 1911.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED AT THE
OFFICE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.G.
BY JOHN C. FRANCIS AND J. EDWARD FRANCIS.
Notes and Queries, July 29, 1911.
AC
"boS
M.
LIBRARY
730975
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
ii s. in. JAN. 7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
1
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, 1011.
CONTENTS. No. 54.
NOTES : Milton Bibles, 1 Bishopsgate Street Without, 2
Chamney Family, 3 Anglo-American Mail Service:
its Bicentenary South African Bibliography Samuel
Richardson and the English Philosophers, 5 -Bells and
Bell-Founders, 1560 Legal Macaronics, 6.
QUERIES : "Terse" Claret-The Black Prince's Language
"Die in beauty "Roger Greatorex Bibliography of
Folk-lore, 7 Thread -Papers Pitt and Wilkes on Dis-
franchisement Prebendary Gabriel Grant Militia
Claims, 1716 Anne Boleyn : Bulley Family Lacy as a
Place-Name, 8 John Hudson ' Pilgrim's Progress '
Imitated Oundle " Ennomic " " Caeqehouias "
"Carent": " Patricksmas " : "Lukesmas" "Instant"
or "Current" Rev. J. Samwell : Rev. J. Peacock
Roeites of Calverton, 9 Andrew Arter's Memorial
Church with Wooden Bell-Turret " God moves in a
mysterious way," 10.
REPLIES rMotto of 1851 Exhibition, 10 -Lord Mayor
Trecothick, 11 Turcopolier Corn and Dishonesty, 12
Eminent Librarians Great Snow in 1614, 13 Christmas
Mummers Christmas Bough or Bush Owls called
"Cherubims" Authors Wanted John Bright's Quota-
tions, 15 'Gentleman's Magazine ' Danes'-Blood, a
Flower, 16 High Stewards and Recorders Dante and a
Font Miss Sumner, 17 Elizabeth Woodville and the
Kings of Cologne Babies and Kittens Lowthers v.
Howards, 18.
NOTES OX BOOKS :-Leland's ' Itinerary 'Reviews and
Magazines.
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
JEtrrfes.
MILTON BIBLES.
A BIBLE in the British Museum (Add. MS.
32, 310) is thus described in " Facsimiles of
Royal, Historical, Literary, and other Auto-
graphs in the Department of Manuscripts,
British Museum. Edited by George F.
Warner, M.A., Assistant Keeper of Manu-
scripts. Series I. V." :
" The Holy Bible printed by Robert Barker,
London, 1612 : a copy which belonged to John
Milton, who on the page here reproduced [facing
the beginning of Genesis] entered memoranda of
the dates of the birth, &c., of himself and members
of his family, including his brother Christopher
Milton [baptized 3 Dec., 1615] and his nephews
Kd ward and John Phillips. The first five entries
appear to have been made together in 1646 :
the last two, written in 1657/8, after Milton had
become totally blind, were added under his
direction by another hand. Add. MS. 32, 310."
The entries are as follows :
" John Milton was born the 9 th of December,
308, die Veneris half an howr after 6 in the
morning.
" Christofer Milton was born on Friday about
a month before Christmass at 5 in the morning,
1615.
" Edward Phillips was 15 year old August,
1645.
" John Phillips is a year younger, about Octob.
"My daughter Anne was born July the 29 th
on the fast at eevning about half an houre after
six 1646.
" My daughter Mary was born on Wedensday,
Octob. 25 th , on the fast day in the morning
about 6 a clock, 1618.
" My son John was born on Sunday, March the
16 th about half an hower past nine at night, 1650.
" My daughter Deborah was born the 2 d of
May, being Sunday, somwhat before 3 of the
clock in the morning, 1652.
" [His*] My wife hir mother dyed about 3 days
after. And my son about six weeks after his
mother.
" Katherin my daughter, by Katherin my
second wife, was borne y e 19 th of October, between
5 and 6 in y e morning, and dyed y e 17 th of March
following, 6 weeks after hir mother, who dyed
y 9 3 rd of Feb., 1657."
The Bible an octavo edition of 1636
printed by Young which Dr. Birch saw and
examined in 1749-50, when he visited
Milton's granddaughter Mrs. Foster in Cock
Lane, near Shoreditch Church, also contains
entries of births and deaths of Milton's chil-
dren. Dr. Birch's own account is as follows :
" She show'd me her Grand Mother's Bible in
8 VO printed by Young in 1636, in a Blank Leafe
upon which Milton had enter'd in his own Hands
the Births of his Children, as follows:
" ' Anne my Daughter was born July the 29 th
the day of the Monthly Fast between six and
seven, or about half an hour after six the Ev'ning
1646.
' ' Mary my Daughter was born on Wednesday
Octob. 25 on the Fast Day in the morning about
six o'clock 1645.
' My Son John was born on Sunday March
the 16 th halfe an houre past nine at night 1650.
" ' My Daughter Deborah was born the 2 d of
May, being Sunday somewhat before 3 of the Clock
in the morning 1652.' " Birch Autograph
MS. 4244.
Mrs. Foster, daughter of Deborah, third
daughter of Milton, of whom a long account
is given in vol. vi. p. 751 ff. of Masson's
' Life of Milton,' married Abraham Clarke,
who died some time after 1688. She
afterwards married Thomas Foster, " a
weaver in Spitalfields," and died in 1727.
All Milton's children are mentioned except-
ing Katherin. Masson gives the following
entries from the burial registers of St.
Margaret's, Westminster, " Feb. 10, 1657/8,
Mrs. Katherin Milton," and again, "March
20, 1657/8, Mrs. Katherin Milton," and
remarks that from these entries we should
not know which designated the mother
and which the child. He quotes, however,
a sentence in Phillips' s memoir of his uncle
Marked through.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, wn.
which " settles the point." This sentence is
as follows :
'By his [Milton's] second wife he had only
one daughter, of which the mother, the first year
after her marriage, died in^childbedjand the child
also within a month after."
Katherin Woodcocke married Milton on
12 November, 1656, and the child, according
to the parish books of St. Margaret's, West-
minster, was born 19 October, 1657. This
date is given in the Museum Bible. Had
Masson known of this Bible, he could even
have given the exact day of death.
There are slight differences in the wordings
of some of the entries in the two Bibles.
Here is another and important difference.
" I am the book of Mary Milton," i.e. Mary
Powell, Milton's first wife, is written, " in his
wife's handwriting," in the Birch Bible.
Those words are not in the Museum Bible,
but on the inside of the back cover is
written " Eliz. Elcock," and underneath
"Eliz. Salmon, Her Book" (apparently
maiden and married names). Of Milton's
third wife, Elizabeth, nee Minshull, who
died in 1727, the same year as Mrs.
Foster, surviving Milton fifty-one years,
we are told that she left all her effects,
after payment of debts, to her nephews and
nieces. Among those effects was " a large
Bible." Possibly this was the Museum
Bible, which had been acquired by one of
those nieces.
This Museum Bible was purchased from
Thomas Kerslake in 1884. Masson's 'Life
of Milton,' by the way, was published only
three years previously. I naturally inquired
of Dr. Warner whether Kerslake had given
any details as to how the Bible had come
into his possession. Dr. Warner kindly
looked over all letters received from Kerslake
during 1883 and 1884, but found nothing of
the kind. Kerslake, who is now dead,
wrote from Bristol. It would be extremely
interesting to know its history. And per-
haps some day the Bible described by Dr.
Birch may come to light. J. S. S.
BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT.
(See 11 S. ii. 246.)
THE widening of this ancient thoroughfare
begins at Lupinsky & Brandon's, tailors,
Nos. 134 and 135, and will extend to Norton
Folgate. It may be observed that the new
' Post Office Directory ' includes Bishopsgate
only, and has a note that Bishopsgate Within
and Without have been amalgamated under
the new title.
" The Black Raven," 136, Bishopsgate-
Street Without, survives, like the curate's
egg, " in parts." Some few years ago it
could be distinguished, not by a hanging
sign, but by a modern tessellated pavement
at the entrance, bearing a large black raven.
The probability, however, that it occupies
the site of a more ancient house with the
same sign is suggested by the circumstance
of the upper portion containing, among
other things, a very old-fashioned staircase,
which I have not at present seen, and heavy
beams of oak supporting the ceiling. My
informant is Mr. Samuel Mossman, the-
owner, who is landlord also of " The Swan
Hotel " at Stratford, E., and whose con-
nexion with " The Black Raven " has
lasted over fifteen years.
Mr. Mossman tells me that an old-fash-
ioned society called " Ye Olde White Dogs "
was held there for many years, and at Yule-
time the chairman always gave the toast
of " the buxom lasses and merry wives of
Bishopsgate." The " White Dogs " at the
same festive season distributed bread
and coal tickets among the poor inhabitants
of the surrounding district, a charity, sup-
ported by many City merchants, which did
a vast amount of good, but which has now
been removed to the Bishopsgate Institute
under a new name.
There is a seventeenth - century token
extant of " The Black Raven," but I do-
not remember to have seen the sign noted
by MB. McMuBBAY in his interesting lists
of some of the " Signs of Old London."
I have the remains of an old handbill,
dated 1791, of "The Black Raven," 136,
Bishopsgate Street Without. The land-
lord at that time was Alfred Love, who
announces the perhaps not surprising fact
that he was a " direct importer and Bonder
of all his wines and spirits, noted for Special
Scotch and Irish Whiskies." A raven
perched on a bough adorns this handbill.
But why weie the " White Dogs " so named ?
Angel Alley, which stood between Nos. 137'
and 138, but was swallowed up by the Great
Eastern Railway Station about, I think,
sixteen years ago, probably marked the site
of " The Angel Inn " in Bishopsgate Street,,
where the Parish Clerks, incorporated in
1232 by Henry III., kept their hall, that is,
the first hall of the Fraternity ; and by it was
an almshouse for seven poor widows of
deceased members. The Clerks kept the
account of christenings, casualties, &c.,
and published the bills of mortality, among
other privileges of their charter being exemp-
tion from parish duties in the parish wherein
ii s. in. j.. 7, MI.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
they officiated ; they attended at funerals, j
and proceeded on foot before the corpse,
singing, until they reached the church ;
they had also (probably at "The Angel")
public feasts, with music and song.
Lamb Alley, formerly between Nos. 144
and 145, derived its name from a sign of
" The Lamb Tavern " ; and Sun Street,
part of which still exists at the back of
No. 144, though formerly it had a continua-
tion through the opposite side of the street,
also had its name from a sign of " The Sun."
A token of " The Sun " in Bishopsgate
Street, issued by W. I. A., probably relates
to Bishopsgate Within, where there was a
tavern of which Sun Yard marked the site :
"To be Sold
A Strong season' d Hunter ; also a gentle Gelding,
Master of about fourteen or fifteen Stone, fit for
a Lady. Enquire of Major Tames in Sun Yard,
Bishopsgate Street." Daily Advertiser, 1 Oct.,
1741.
" The King's Arms," 128, Bishopsgate
Street, was an ale-house in 1742, unless the
following announcement relate to " The
King's Arms," 106, Bishopsgate Street
Within :
" Lost the 31st of March last, from behind the
Stoke Newington Coach, between Stoke Newing-
ton and Bishopsgate, a Deal Box, with some
Shifts, and Wearing Apparel. Whoever will bring
the same to Mr. Hawkins at the King's Arms
Ale-house in Bishopsgate Street, shall have a
Guinea Reward, and no Questions ask'd."
Daily Advertiser, 8 April, 1742.
The tavern stands at the corner of Acorn
Street, and was perhaps originally " The
Acorn." There certainly was, according
to Dodsley, an " Acorn " sign here which
gave its name to Acorn Street.
Sweetapple Court, at No. 157, was so
named, not after such a sign, but after Sir
John Sweetapple, the owner (Dodsley's
' London ' ) ; but who he was, whether
knight or baronet, or whether he had held
the office of Alderman (he was not appa-
rently a Mayor), I cannot say.
J. HOLDER MA.CMICHAEL.
(To be continued.)
CHAMNEY OR CHOLMONDELEY
FAMILY.
WHAT has been described as the " curt and
absurd pronunciation of Cholmondeley as
Chulmley or Chumley the contraction of
illiterate flunkeys," appears to have another
variation, to wit, " Chamney," a hybrid
which will not be found in the ' Patronymia
Britannica.' A family of Chamney sprang
up in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford
towards the end of the seventeenth century,
and their descendants may still be traced, I
relieve, in the sister isle. The traditional
rigin of the name is related in ' The Metal
Mines of Ireland,' a paper read before the
Royal Dublin Society by Mr. G. H. Kinehan
on 24 March, 1886.
Speaking of the co. Wicklow, the author
says :
" Bacon, an Englishman, came over and built
works at Shillelagh. Before his time most of
bhe charcoal was sent to Wales to be there used
in the final working of iron. He, however, con-
sidered it would be more economical to import
the pig iron than export the charcoal. This
adventure was most successful, and at the time
of the Commission for examination into the
state of timber in Ireland, he had amassed a sum
of over one million pounds. Having only one
child, a daughter, the bait was too seductive to
one of the Commissioners, a scion of the twice
noble house of Cholmondeley, who became Bacon's
son-in-law and successor, relinquishing his herit-
age, and changing his name to Chamney. Al-
though he changed his name during his life, and
his descendants adopted the change, yet on his
tomb in Carnew churchyard his real name and
lineage are given. The Chamneys greatly in-
creased the trade, having works not only at
Shillelagh, where Bacon established the industry,
but also in the Vale of Clara ; at Bally-na-Clash
or ' Clash ' in Glenmalure ; at Woodenbridge
and Aughrim, in the Vale of the Darragh Water,
and elsewhere ; besides innumerable bloomeries ;
his works popularly being said to have ' filled
the county.' The Clash and Shillelagh iron was
of very superior quality. Elsewhere in Ireland 5
the iron trade gradually ceased, as the woods were
exhausted, but here it seems to have come to a
sudden and untimely end prior to 1761, on account
of a fracas between Chamney and the English
agent of the lord of the soil. Written informa-
tion about the old ironworks is very hard to pro-
cure, as nearly all the Chamney papers appear to
have been destroyed when the family were dis-
persed. Old people will tell you that ' the noise
of the Chamney hammer was a weather guide.'
Also they know that the iron and ore was carried;
in baskets on horseback from Wicklow port, and
from the different mines ; and the old horse-
tracks from the mines and Wicklow to the fur-
naces can still be shown."
Nearly twenty years ago I entered
into correspondence with the late Rev.
Joseph Chamney, D.D., Rector of Dromiskin,
Armagh, with reference to the Chamney
family, and we were able to piece together
the following fragmentary genealogy.
| John Cholmondeley or Chamney of
I Ballard, co. Wicklow, and Ballynellot, co.
I Wexford, born 1650, married circa 1686 Jane,
daughter of Bacon, ironmaster of
Shillelagh, and had issue a son Thomas and
two daughters : Elizabeth, b. 1688, married
Percival Hunt of Lara, co. Kildare ; Anne,
married Archer. He died 1733, and.
was buried at Carnew.
NOTES, AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
The son, Thomas Chamney, of Flatten,
near Drogheda, co. Meath, married 24 Janu-
ary, 1715, Margaret, d. of Francis Graves
of Drogheda, and had issue :
1. Graves Chamney, Alderman, of Flatten.
Died s.p., October, 1794.
2. John Chamney, married Van-
homrigh (nearly related to Swift's
"*' Vanessa "), a quo John Vanhomrigh
Chamney, Captain 25th Foot. Will dated
1796.
(1) Elizabeth, bom 4 March, 1717;
married, 1746, Edward Archer of Mount
John, co. Wicklow.
(2) Jane, born 1718, married William
Aickin.
(3) Esther, born 1719, married Henry
Cusack.
(4) Frances, born 1720, married Thomas
Jones, patentee of the Theatre Royal,
Dublin.
(5) Catherine, born 1726, married Joseph
Swan of Tombrean, co. Wicklow.
(6) Susannah, born 1727, married John
Blacker.
Edward and Elizabeth Archer had with
other issue a daughter Jane, who married in
1781 Dr. John Haughton, a Dublin physician.
Dr. Haughton' s second son was Sir Graves
Chamney Haughton (1788-1849), Orientalist.
In the ' D.N.B.' the latter 's second Christian
name is erroneously given as Champney.
But Champney, of course, has nothing to
do with Chamney, being derived from the
French " Champagnois," a native of Cham-
pagne.
The Rev. Joseph Chamney first drew my
attention to the tradition that his family
were a branch of the Cholmondeleys, and the
romantic circumstances that had prompted
the corruption of the surname. He, how-
ever, had not been able to verify the state-
ment as to John Chamney 's real name and
lineage being inscribed on his tomb. It
was only the other day that I myself was
able to visit Carnew with this object in
view. Unfortunately, I could not find this
grave in the churchyard, nor was any official
connected with the church forthcoming who
might have assisted me. I have since dis-
covered, however, that the Carnew inscrip-
tions have been dealt with by the Associa-
tion for the Preservation of the Memorials
of the Dead in Ireland, and that the inscrip-
tion I was in search of is given as follows :
" Here lyeth the body of Jn Chamney, Esq.,
who departed this life the 11 th day of April, 1733,
in the 81 th year of his age." Vol. vii. p. 205.
Not a word about the alleged addition
of his " real name and lineage," which would
hardly have escaped the transcriber's notice
if present.
The church at Camew is about sixty
years old, for it replaced an edifice con-
demned as unsafe. The square tower, sur-
mounted by a spire, of the former church
is separated from the body of the present one.
There is a Chamney memorial inside the
church, viz., a mural tablet with the follow-
ing inscription :
" Sacred to the Memory | of Joseph Chamney,
Esq., of Ballyrahin, late Captain of | the Coolat-
tin Corps of Yeomany Infantry in the County of
Wicklow. | On the 2 nd day of July, 179S, and the
52 nd year of his age, He was killed | with his
nephew a most amiable youth both fighting | the
battles of their God and of their King | in defence
of their religion and their country. | In testimony
| of the high sense entertained of his many
public and private virtues | which are indelibly
graven on the hearts of his numerous and sorrow-
ing friends | they have erected this monument I
A.D. 1806."
The nephew was Capt. Nickson of the
Coolkenna Corps. The engagement was the
last of three reverses, or " melancholy
affairs," as the Protestant historians term
them, which the King's troops suffered in this
neighbourhood within a few days. It took
place half-way between Tinnahely and
Carnew. The Yeomanry after their repulse
took refuge in Capt. Chamney 's house at the
foot of the hill, where under Capt. Morton
and Lieut. Chamney, a son of the deceased,
they sustained during fourteen hours the
attacks of the rebels, who attempted
repeatedly to fire the house. Some (particu-
larly a large man from Gorey, named John
Redmond, nicknamed Shaun Plunder)
advanced under a covering of feather-beds
to the hall-door, with the design of applying
a torch to it ; but they were shot down in
the attempt, despite this thick tegument.
This incident is illustrated by Cruikshank in
Maxwell's ' History of the Rebellion.'
The Ballyrahin Chamneys were probably
descended from another son of John Cham-
ney, not included in the above pedigree. In
Vicars' s ' Prerogative Wills of Ireland ' there
is "Joseph Chamney, The Forge, co.
Wicklow, 1742."
Colour is lent to the assertion that the
original name of the family was Cholmonde-
ley by the fact that they bore the same arms. '
Chamney silver Irish silver of the early
part of the eighteenth century has passed
through my hands, and it bears the Cholmon-
deley coat of arms and crest, which are also
attached to the memorial to Capt. Chamney.
11 S. III. JAX. 7, 1911.]
NOTES AND QUEKIKS.
What was the date of the " Commission fo
examination into the state of timber in
Ireland," and where could the names o
the Commissioners be seen ?
H. G. ARCHER.
ANGLO-AMERICAN MAIL SERVICE : ITS
BICENTENARY. So many centenary anc
bicentenary celebrations of various kinds
take place in these days that it is somewha 1
strange that none appears to be contem
plated of one which would make a particu
larly wide and human appeal, that being
the bicentenary of the establishment of a
regular Anglo-American mail service. Th(
beginnings of such a service can be traced
of course, to the seventeenth century ; but
it was not until the closing months of the
first decade of the eighteenth that these
seem to have settled into the periodic. In
The Daily Courant for 8 January, 1711,
appeared the following :
" Bristol, Jan. 6. This Day arri v'd here the Roya
Anne Packet Boat, Captain Shorter, from New
York, with a Mail of Letters from Her Majesty's
Dominions on the Continent of America, which
made her Passage from Bristol to New York in
50 Days, and her Passage home in 28 Days. This is
the first Mail in return from the Continent since
the erecting the Correspondence to and from this
Kingdom and the said Continent."
The information here given was supple-
mented by the subjoined advertisement,
published in the same newspaper on the
following 15 June, showing that this regular
mail service had taken a firm hold upon the
public :
" For New York.
"The Harley Packet-Boat from Bristol, Joseph
Palmer, Commander, will be ready to Sail the last
of this Instant June, (Wind and Weather per-
mitting) with the Mail of Letters for the Continent
of America, which will be taken in at the General
Post-Office in London, or at any of the Post-Offices
in Great-Britain, at any time between this and the
last Day of this Instant June, 1711. And other
lackets will be successively provided to depart
monthly, with such Letters which shall be in the
General Post-Office in London or Post-Office in
Bristol, by the last Thursday in every Month.
All Merchants and others, who have Occasion to
send Goods or small Parcels, and are desirous to
" us Passengers to New- York, New-England,
Long-Island, Rhode-Island, East or West-Jersey,
lensilvania, Maryland, Virginia or Carolina
applying themselves to William Warren, or
Jonathan Scarth Merchants, at the 3 Crowns in
bracious- Street, London ; or to Richard Champion,
Charles Hartford, Merchants, in Bristol, may
be Accommodated on reasonable Terms. P. S
JNote, That there are already Posts, and other
Conveyances, from New- York to the several above-
mentioned Places, And that the Reason why the
late Packets have not duely kept their Cours, hath
been occasioned by the Death of Sampson Mears ^
late Proprietor of the said Packets."
More about this earliest Anglo-American
periodic service is doubtless to be found,
and would be w r elcome.
ALFRED F. ROBBINS.
SOUTH AFRICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. As so
many readers of ' N. & Q.' are devoted to the
study of bibliography, a note should be
made of that valuable contribution, ' South
African Bibliography,' by Mr. Sidney
Mendelssohn, published by Messrs. Kegan
Paul, Triibner & Co., the first volume of
which contains an Introduction by Mr. I. D..
Colvin. Mr. Mendelssohn has devoted the
best part of eleven years to the compilation
of his two noble volumes, the last five yeara
having been almost entirely given to the
work. The Bibliography was at first con-
fined to the author's library of works
relating to South Africa, but has been,
extended to other sources. His own collec-
tion he has left by his will to the Union
Parliament of South Africa. He states in
the preface, "It is not presented now, as
I have by no means finished collecting" ;
and he is afraid that he could not work
without his collection at hand. A. N. Q.
SAMUEL RICHARDSON AND THE ENGLISH
PHILOSOPHERS. Richardson's novels con-
tain numerous and characteristic references
to 'the English philosophers. It is worth
while to collect them, as they have not been
noticed by his biographers.
Lovelace, who has the greatest philosophi-
cal knowledge of any of Richardson's
characters, refers once to the contents of
Shaftesbury's ' Essay on the Freedom of
Wit and Humour ' (' Characteristicks/ vol. i,.
Treatise II.) :
" I always called another cause, when any of
ny libertine companions, in pursuance of Lord
Shaftesbury's test (which is part of the rake's
creed, and what I may call the whetstone of
nfidelity ), endeavoured to turn the sacred subject
nto ridicule." ' Clarissa', iii. 147, ed. 1902.
Lovelace also mentions Shaftesbury's ' Letter
concerning Enthusiasm,' which contains an
account of the French prophets (' Character-
sticks,' i. 26-8) :
" \Yhat we have been told of the agitations and
vorkings, and sighings and sobbings of the French
>rophets among us formerly, was nothing at all
o the scene exhibited by these maudlin souls, at
he re.-iding of these letters." ' Clarissa,' vii. 301 ;
Iso cp. Shaftesbury, edited by Hatch, i. 378-81.
In ' Sir Charles Grandison, 1 iii. 75-6,
s an allusion to the title of Shaftesbury's.
6
NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. m. JAN. 7, ion.
' Moralists ' (' Characteristicks,' vol. ii.
Treatise V.) :
" I would have all these moralists, as they affect
to call themselves, suffer by such libertine prin-
ciples, as cannot be pursued, but in violation
of the very first laws of morality."
Lovelace refers once to B. de Mandeville's
* The Fable of the Bees ; or, Private Vices,
Public Benefits ' :
" At worst, I am entirely within my worthy
friend Mandeville's assertion, that private vices
are public benefits." ' Clarissa,' vi. 3.
Berkeley's dialogue * Alciphron ; or, The
Minute Philosopher,' is mentioned in * Sir
'Charles Grandison/ i. 281 :
" He is thought to be a modern wit, you must
know : and to speak after an admirable writer,
a minute philosopher."
Richardson's numerous references to Locke's
* Some Thoughts concerning Education '
in the sequel to ' Pamela ' do not belong
here. He does not seem to have read Locke's
' Essay concerning Human Understanding,'
as the word " idea," first made popular by
Locke, does not occur in his novels. Richard-
son, in opposition to Locke, considers that
there are innate ideas :
" Principles that are in my mind ; that I found
there ; implanted, no doubt, by the first gracious
Planter." ' Clarissa,' iv. 165.
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
BELLS AND BELL-FOUNDERS, c. 1560 :
JOHN GRANGER. I have just found on the
Common Plea Roll for Michaelmas term,
9-10 Eliz. (1567), the following notes on the
above subject, which I think should find a
place in * N. & Q.'
In the first entry Andrew Blease and John
Kent, husbandmen, brought an action
against John Granger of London, bell-
founder (otherwise called John Graunger of
Ightfelde, co. Salop, bell-founder), Humphrey
Cole of Ightfelde, " yoman," and Henry
Hewes of London (otherwise Henry Hewes
of Assheparva, co. Salop, . " yoman "), to
recover a debt of III. This is a mere entry
of adjournment, and no particulars are
given ; but the second entry relates to a
cross suit in which John Kent of Olner, co.
Chester, was summoned to answer the above
John Granger or Graunger. It recites the
following bond, dated 20 April, 1 Eliz.
<1559) :
" The condition of this obligation is such
that if the above-bounden Andrew Blese and
John Kent or either of them, their executors,
administrators, and assigns, or the executors,
administrators, or assigns of either of them, wel
.and truly content and pay or cause to be contented
And paide the somme of fy ve poundes syx shillinges
,nd viijd of lawfull money of Englande unto the
ibove- named John Granger, his executors,
administrators, or assignes, in maner and forme
lereafter following, That is to say at the castyng
of such a bell as the foresaide Andrewe and John
Kent shall deliver unto the said John Granger
53s. 4d., and within one twelvemonth and one
clay next after the castyng of the said bell other
53s. 4d., in full paiment of the foresaid some of
5 6.s. 8d. then this obligation to be void and of
none effect ; and if default of payment be made
of and in either of the foresaid payments at either
of the dayes above limited, in part or in all,
contrary to the true intent and meanyng hereof,
Then this obligation to stande in full strength
and vertue."
I have looked up several authorities on
Dells and bell-founding, but not one of them
mentions John Granger or Graunger as a
'ounder. It seems possible that the bell
alluded to was cast for a church at Olner
in Cheshire, and that Andrew Blease and
John Kent were churchwardens.
HENRY R. PLOMER.
8, The Broadway, Hammersmith, W.
LEGAL MACARONICS. This term was very
happily applied at 7 S. i. 346 to that
urious and composite jargon called law
French ; ' and an instance from Dyer's
Reports was given, in which a convicted
ruffian " ject un brickbat a le Justice, que
narrowly mist." The reporter is not dis-
turbed by the occurrence of a word which
he cannot translate. He simply puts it in
bodily.
A few instances may be added from Sir
John Davis' s Reports, temp. Jac. I., but
printed 1674 the first Irish Reports ever
published. In Le Case de Customes :
' Que est graund honte a nostre Nation,
destre issint enamour ove les Mercery & Grocery
wares imports per strangers, & d expender sur
eux plus que le value de touts les Staple & reall
commodities de nostre Pais : que serra en fine
le ruine del Commonweal."
In Le Case de Tanistry :
" Chescun Custome ad un commencement,
coment que le memorie del home ne extend a
ceo ; come le River Nilus ad un fountaine,
coment que les Geographers nepoent trover ceo."
In the same case, a certain ordinance
" accord ove le Divine Ordinance en le case
de Zelophehad, Num. Cap. 27."
In Le Case del Roy all Piscarie de la
Banne :
" Auxy le Hoy auera les grands poissona del Mer,
Balenas & Sturgiones et le Koy auera wilde
Swans, come volatilia regalia."
The reports of " Gulielme Bendloes, Ser-
jeant de la Ley," 1661, furnish some.
macaronic writing also. In 19 Jac. I.
an action was brought for the invasion of a
ii s. in. JAN. v, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
pew in which plaintiffs and their ancestors
" ont seie et kneel e pur oyer divine service
in le Eglise de D. en un He en le upper End
del Eglise." Two years later Mrs. Fetti-
place sues the parson of Pusey " pour de
bruser son close et de fouler ses herbes ove ses
avers (viz.) beufes, vacces, galines, Ducks,
Aucks, et Cock de Indies ; " and the Court
sagaciously quashes the judgment against
him on the ground that turkeys are not
averia, but volatilia.
In Cossett's Case, 2 Car. I.,
** fuit prove que diverse fuerunt present in le
'Tauerne quant I'homme fuit tue per un plage BUT
Je teste ove un quart pott, & drinking ensemble,
mes ne fuit prove quex d'eux done le plage."
In the same year it is said that the Statute
of Westminster
" n'est qu un Nurse [when] le child est nee, et
1'statute come careful mother prist ceo en ses
braches a preserver ceo."
And again :
" Dodderidge dit que les parolls d'un Judgment
doit estre certen et nemy destre vary ou frame
solonque le pleasure et fond conceit de chescun
home."
I have extended the abbreviations. There
is a mine of comedy in the old Reports.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their name's and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
" TERSE " CLARET. In Sir C. Sedley's
* Bellamira,' Act II. sc. i. (of 1687), Merry-
man says, " I am so full I should spill terse
at every jolt ; we drank gallons apiece " ;
and a little further on, " He grudg'd her
money for honest terse, and so he's right
enough serv'd." Here it appears that
terse was the name, proper or in slang, of
some beverage. Shadwell, ' The Humourists,'
Act IV. (of 1671), has " Must I stay till by
the strength of terse claret you have wet
yourself into courage ? " Here the epithet
terse is applied to claret ; whence we may
perhaps conclude that the terse in Sedley
stands for " terse claret." But why is
claret described as, or called, " terse," and
what is the origin of the term ? Claret no
doubt was imported in " terses " or " tierces,"
but so also, I suppose, were other wines. I
do not find that Halliwell or Nares has dealt
with " terse " in this sense, and shall be
glad if readers of ' N. & Q.' can give us any
light on it. JAMES A. H. MURRAY. '
Oxford.
THE BLACK PRINCE'S LANGUAGE. It is
stated in Mr. Edmund Storer's ' Peter the
Cruel,' p. 308, that after the battle of
Najara the Black Prince asked where Henry
de Trastamara was : " 'E lo bort, es mort
o' pres ? ' (' And the bastard, is he dead or
taken ? ') he asked ; and when they told
him of his escape, he answered prophetically,
with the intuition of a true general : ' Noy
ay res fait' ('Then nothing is done')."
In what language or dialect was the Prince
speaking Provenyal, Gascon, Languedocian,
Bearnais, or what ? Was it his usual lan-
guage in France and Spain ?
ALBAN DORAN.
" DIE IN BEAUTY." I have been reading
lately the phrase "in Schonheit sterben "
so often that it seems to me trite, but only
now it occurs to me that I do not know its
origin. Are readers of ' N. & Q.' in a better
position with regard to it ? G. KRUEGER.
Berlin.
ROGER GREATOREX, PAPER MANUFAC-
TURER. I should be grateful for any infor-
mation regarding the family of Roger
Greatorex, paper manufacturer. Between
1784 and 1795 he was living at Apsley Mill,
in the parish of King's Langley, Herts. A
later address may have been Two Waters
Mill, Hemel Hempstead, same county.
In 1800 he apparently had to move to
Lancaster, and wrote of getting sailing
accommodation for America ; but whether
he went or not, I do not know. His son
Lawrence was a passenger on the American
ship Washington, sailing from Lisbon in
November, 1799. This Lawrence settled in
America, and, I believe, owned and operated
the first paper mills in that country, on the
Brandywine, near Wilmington, Delaware.
I want also the names of the wives of
Roger Greatorex and his son Lawrence.
E. HAVILAND HILLMAN.
3227, Campo S. Samuele, Venice.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FOLK-LORE. In the
first report of the Council of the Folk-lore
Society, dated 29 May, 1879, it is stated :
" In April of last year it will be remembered that
the Council prepared and issued forms for the com-
pilation of a Bibliography of English Folk-lore.
But almost immediately a member came forward
and offered the use of his valuable collection, made
for a Bibliography of superstitions and religious
belief, which was the result of many years' work,
involving, among other labours, complete perusal
of the British Museum catalogues. Although this
collection was only in part available for the Society's
purpose, and did not cover all the ground which the
Bibliography of Folk-lore will occupy, the Council
very thankfully accepted this offer, and they are
8
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
able to announce as approaching completion ' The
Bibliography of Folk-lore. Compiled and edited
by Thomas Satchell.' "
More than thirty years have passed since
this announcement was made. When will
the project be realized ? W. B. GERISH.
THREAD-PAPERS. What, in early eigh-
teenth-century journalistic language, were
" thread-papers " ? As The Weekly Journal
is a very scarce news-sheet, I may quote
part of the letter in which the use of the
term twice occurs. It is from Mist's
Weekly Journal, 28 July, 1722 :
M r Mist, June 10, 1722.
The following Letter and Song were lost by a
young Lady : It will please her to have 'em again by
your Hand, and save the Looser and Finder a great
deal of Confusion. You may assure her all's safe,
if she can but stand some reading of your Journal ;
but then she must look as grave as her Father does,
when he spread your Excellencies before the Family.
I am, Yours HONOUR.
Don't mistake me for the Chamber-Maid by my
Name.
Madam, May 1, 1722.
You tell me it is your Opinion, that no man was
ever heartily in Love, without being seiz'd, at one
time or other, with a Fit of Poetry, &c.
This letter, too long to give in extenso,
is accompanied by a ' Song ' beginning
Haste, Shepherds, haste and come away,
This joyful Sun gave Cloe birth,
which is thus alluded to in the letter to the
lady :
"If my Labours are honour'd with a Station
among your Thread-Papers, I shall take it as a
happy Omen : More Labours, more Thread-Papers.
If not, e'en let them share the same Fate with the
Author, that is, be set on Fire by you "
The writer signs himself " Poor Strephon."
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
PlTT AND WlLKES ON DlSFRANCHISEMENT.
May I venture to repeat a question which
I put, without eliciting a reply, just
eighteen years since (8 S. ii. 468) ?
Where is to be found a list of the thirty-
six decayed boroughs which the younger
Pitt proposed, in 1785, to disfranchise,
and of the ten corporations which he desired
should transfer the right of return to the
citizens ? And is there extant a list of the
boroughs which Wilkes would have dis-
franchised by his proposal of 1776 ?
POLITICIAN.
GABRIEL GRANT, PREBENDARY AND ARCH-
DEACON OF WESTMINSTER. Whom and
when did he marry ? He is said to have
married twice. He died in 1638.
G. F. R. B.
MILITIA CLAIMS, 1716. The following
account is copied from an old book belonging
to the parish of Yelvertoft, Northampton-
shire :
"The particulars of the charges of the Militia
Horse provided by the Rectors of Creke, Cotesbroke.
Yelvertoft, and Coton, 1716.
The whole set of Accoutrem ts , Coat, Carbine,
Pistols, Saddle, Bridle, Billet and Housing.
Sword, &c. 06 Oo 03
Man and Horse and Charges at
North'ton 00 Oo 00
June the 4 th Man and Horse one day 00 10
Boots and Powder Horn
A new Hat
Mending the Pistols
In all 08 03 07
Mem. This was paid in ye proportion following,
viz.
Rector of Creek a 3 rd part.
Rector of Cotesbroke a 4 th part.
Rector of Coton & \ 9 ,-tha
Rector of Yelvertoft /-'
To what particular assembly of the
militia does this refer ? Is it to be assumed
that rectors of parishes generally were
charged with a special levy for militia ?
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchirigton, Warwickshire.
ANNE BOLEYN OR BULLEYN : BULLEY
FAMILY. Can any of your readers tell me
the correct way of spelling the name of the
second wife of Henry VIII. ? In the Life of
Archbishop Tait I see that he twice refers
to her, spelling the name Bulleyn. This
is the only instance I have seen of the
name being thus spelt.
In Queen Elizabeth's reign there was a
well-known doctor named Bulley, who was
said to be distantly related to the Queen. In
that case the n must have been dropped about
the middle of the sixteenth century,
question is of interest to me, as my cousin
Dr. Bulley, President of Magdalen College,
Oxford, from 1856 to 1890, considered that
his family were descended from a collateral
branch of the Boleyn or Bulleyn family.
Will any one kindly tell me when the change
in the spelling took place, if the name was
ever correctly spelt Bulleyn ? H. A. B.
[The spelling of the Queen's name was discussed
at 8 S. i. 435 ; ii. 13.]
LACY AS A PLACE-NAME. In some parts
of Surrey and I believe in other counties
" Lacy " occurs as part of the name of an
estate or village. I know of Polesden Lacy
(where Sheridan lived), Camilla Lacy (the
residence of Fanny Burney), Wilton Lacy,
and others. ,,
What is the origin of the suffix Lacy
FRANK SCHLOESSER.
ii s. in. JAX. 7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
9
JOHN HUDSON (LATE BURKITT & HUDSON).
I should much like to know when John
Hudson, printseller and publisher, 85, Cheap-
side, was carrying on his business. I have
found his label among the pasted paper on
the back of the frame of a portrait of a
general (?) officer. I should guess 1820 as
about the date of the portrait, which Hud-
son's date of business may help me to
identify. ROBERT PIERPOINT.
SA, Bickenhall Mansions, W.
* PILGRIM'S PROGRESS ' IMITATED. Who
was the author of ' The Progress of the
Pilgrim Good-Intent, in Jacobinical Times ' ?
The seventh edition was printed in 1801 by
J. Bateson. for John Hatchard of Piccadilly.
Though a little heavy, the parable is carried
on with ingenuity. There are allusions to
the elder Darwin, Fulton, and Godwin on
p. 30 ; to the guillotine, p. 123 ; and to
cosmopolitanism, pp. 159-60. The paper is
water-marked " M. & E."
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
35, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
OUNDLE. What is the origin of this place-
name ? ROBERT NEALE.
" ENNOMIC." What does this word, which
is not in the ' N.E.D.,' mean ? It occurs on
p. 147 of George Meredith's ' Tragic Come-
dians,' " Memorial Edition " :
" I would not have it on my conscience that the
commission of any deed ennomic, however un-
wonted," &c.
J. J. FREEMAN.
" CAEQEHOUIAS." In ' An Eighteenth
Century Correspondence,' p. 60, Deane
Swift, writing to Sanderson Miller, says :
" Neither is any fault so detestable as the fre-
quency of Caeqehouias. Ands, Buts, Fors, Indeeds,
&c., have cost me more pains," &c.
What are the meaning and derivation of
this word ? J. J. FREEMAN.
" CARENT " : " PATRICKSMAS " : " LUKES-
MAS." Can any reader give me the meaning
of the old Scottish word " carent " ? It
occurs several times in a diary of a Dum-
bartonshire minister of the year 1705, and
appears to refer to some ecclesiastical
assessment or interest, as " carent due to
the Mortification " ; "he came in to speak
about his carent, but brought no money " ;
" to give our obligement to transact his
debts to the value of the price [of some
land] against Whitsunday, bearing carent
from Martinmas last." The word is not to
be found in Jamieson's ' Dictionary.'
The terms " Patricksmas " and " Lukes-
mas," presumably 17 March and 18 October,
are also used in the diary. Were those
recognized term-days in Scotland at that
period ? I can find no mention of them else-
where. ANGLO-SCOT.
[The 'N.E.D.' states that "Lukesmas" is now
obsolete in Scotland, but was formerly a customary
date (18 October) for payment of accounts. The
latest example cited is from 1671, so that our corre-
spondent brings the use of the word down to the
next century.]
" INSTANT " OR " CURRENT." In ' N. & Q.*
for 26 November last (p. 440) it is said that
the late F. H. Collins died " on the 16th
inst." Are we to understand that this use
of the word " instant " is sanctioned by
' N. & Q.,' as I regret to see it is by some
dictionaries ? To our fathers it would
have sounded much like saying that a man
had died to-morrow. T. S. O.
[The use in question is, we think, generally recog-
nized.]
REV. J. SAMWELL : REV. J. PEACOCK.
I am anxious to find out what particulars
I can respecting the Rev. John Samwell
and the Rev. John Peacock, who were suc-
cessive ministers of Broadway Meeting, co.
Somerset. All I know of Mr. Samwell is
that he was in office in July, 1763, and that
a small annuity was bequeathed to him
and his successors in that year. I am told
that he relinquished his ministry to study
medicine, but that after a time he resumed
his old position. Whether this was so or
no, the first instalment under the legacy
was apparently paid on 10 March, 1765, to
Mr. Peacock, who seems to have been his
successor.
Mr. Peacock preached a sermon which was
published, and witnessed a wedding in
Broadway Church in 1768. He was still in
office in 1775, but vacated that position
shortly after, as he was succeeded by the
Rev. John Lewis in 1777. In 1766 he pub-
lished a book entitled ' Hymns and Spiritual
Songs,' designed to supersede Dr. Watts' s
compositions.
If any one can throw light on the history
of either Mr. Samwell or Mr. Peacock, I
shall be very grateful.
JOHN W. STANDERWICK.
Broadway, Ilmirister.
ROEITES OF CALVERTON. Several of the
Nottingham local histories comprise frag-
mentary notices of a sect founded about
1780 at Calverton, Notts (the birthplace of
the stocking-frame), by one John Roe, an
illiterate inhabitant of that village. The
10
NOTES AND QUERIES. tu s. m. JAN. 7, mi.
members were called Roeites, otherwise Re-
formed Quakers (although not recognized
by the Quakers proper), and the sect never
extended beyond Calverton itself, where
their one chapel and burial-ground long
ago disused are yet pointed out. William
Howitt, in one of his rural books, describes
what he saw at a service in the chapel. I
should be glad to learn if there exists any
work of reference likely to supply a definite
account of the Roeites and of their tenets.
A. STAPLETON.
ANDREW ARTER' s MEMOBIAL, HAMMER-
SMITH. Can any one throw light upon the
unpretentious stone pillar which stands in
the roadway near the corner of Beavor Lane,
Hammersmith, almost opposite Ravens-
court Park ?
The pillar in question, which is about a
yard in height, and stands about a foot from
the curb an excellent position, one cannot
help thinking, for taking a wheel off a cart
on a foggy evening bears on the side
nearest the high road the following in-
scription :
Andrew Arter
October
1877.
There are traces of wording on at least one
other side, but they are very faint. Who
was Mr. Arter ? WILLIAM MCMURRAY.
CHURCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TURRET.
I should be glad if I could be assisted to
locate the subject of a water-colour drawing,
probably 1820 or earlier, depicting the
exterior of the south side and east end of a
small stone church consisting of nave and
chancel. The nave shows a doorway and
two windows, the latter placed noticeably
high in the wall ; the chancel, a large and a
small doorway at the side, and a three-
light, square-headed east window of the
debased period. All the doors and windows
have heavy hood-mouldings. The west end
of the nave carries a square' wooden bell-
turret. The site is on high ground, with
village roofs lower on the" left, and woods
beyond. Under the east window are plain
iron rails round a tomb. W. B. H.
COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS
WAY." Will any contributor tell me the
correct reading of Cowper's words in his
famous hymn " God moves in a mysterious
way " ? The whole verse runs :
His purposes will ripen fast,
Unfolding every hour.
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the flower.
I remember seeing in ' N. & Q.' another
version of the last couplet, reading
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But wait and smell the flower.
Which is the original form ?
WATSON SURR
EXHIBITION OF 1851 : ITS MOTTO.
(US. ii. 410, 452, 493.)
THE motto " The earth is the Lord's," &c.,
must, as MR. WARD states, be regarded
as the motto of the Great Exhibition. It
was well known to be a favourite with the
Prince Consort, and in addition to its appear-
ing on the cover and title-page of the Official
Catalogue, it is placed on the title-pages of
the volumes of the Official Descriptive and
Illustrated Catalogue. These I possess, in
addition to my father's copy of the corrected
edition of the Official Catalogue. The
latter bears the imprint of Spicer Brothers,
wholesale stationers, and of W. Clowes
& Sons, printers, Contractors to the Royal
Commission. Its price was Is. in the build-
ing, and Is. 3d. if bought at the City office or
of booksellers.
At the foot of the cover are these words :
Say not the discoveries we make are our own.
The germs of every act are implanted within us,
And God our instructor, out of that which is
concealed,
Developes the faculties of invention.
This also appears in Latin on the back of
the title :
Ne nostra, ista quse invenimus, dixeris
Insita sunt nobis omnium artium semina,
Magisterque ex occulto Deus producit ingeiiia.
Underneath, the translation is given as on
the front cover (except that the third line
reads "And God our instructor, from his
concealment''), and below this is the fol-
lowing :
Humani Generis Progressus,
Ex cpmmuni omnium labore ortus,
Uniuscujusque industrial debet esse finis :
Hoc Adjuvando,
Dei opt. max. voluntatem exsequimur.
The progress of the human race,
Resulting from the common labour of all men,
Ought to be the final object of the exertion of each
individual.
In promoting this end,
We are carrying out the will of the great and
blessed God.
A short introduction states that the mottoes
were selected by Prince Albert.
This corrected edition contains a report
of the opening proceedings, the address read
ii s. in. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
by Prince Albert, the Queen's reply, and
the prayer by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
My father has written on the cover :
" Second edition, 34 pages of advertisements,
no duty." The back page is occupied by
Bennett the watchmaker, who paid 1,000
guineas for the privilege, which was the
largest sum at that time ever given for a
single advertisement. The Religious Tract
Society have the third page of the cover ;
and among others who have pages are John
Murray ; Colman of mustard fame ; C. Cox,
King William Street, Strand (devoted to
works originally published by Charles
Knight) ; and Charles Knight, 90, Fleet
Street, his Cyclopaedias and other books.
On p. 32 of Part I. of the Official Illus-
trated Catalogue it is stated that the Com-
mittee appointed
" to suggest inscriptions for the Prize Medals
recommended for the medal to be executed after
design No. 1 the following line, very slightly
altered, from Manilius (' Astronomicon,' v. 737) :
Est etiam in magno qusedam respublica mundo.
For the medal from design No. 2, the following
line from the first book of the ' Metamorphoses '
of Ovid (v. 25) :
Dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit.
For the medal design No. 3, the following line
from Claudian (' Eidyll.,' vii. 20)
Artificis tacitae quod meruere manus."
Messrs. Spicer Brothers were the exhibitors
of a large roll of paper 46 inches wide and
2,500 yards in length. This was the first
time that the public were informed that it
was possible to make paper of any length.
JOHN COLLINS FBANCIS.
I do not think NEL MEZZO is quite correct
as to the motto of the Exhibition. The
motto on the title-page of the Official Cata-
logue is " The earth is the Lord's and all that
therein is, the compass of the world and
they that dwell therein." The quotation
he gives as the motto is the inscription on one
of the medals, and the fault that he finds
with its Latin is not apparent in the intro-
duction to the Catalogue, where the offending
word "concordia" is correctly given
concordi." The quality of the Com-
mittee appointed to suggest inscriptions for
the prize medals was too high to make such
a blunder possible. The members were :
The Hon. W. E. Gladstone,
The Lord Lyttelton,
The Hon. T. B. Macaulay,
The Rev. H. G. Liddell, Head Master of
Westminster School.
J. T. STEELE,
Secretary, Spicer Bros., Ltd.
BARLOW TRECOTHICK:, LORD MAYOR (11 S.
ii. 209, 298, 335). A portrait of Barlow
Trecothick, if found, would be of interest to
Bostonians, for some of his relatives were
born here ; others lived here ; he himself
was married here on 2 March, 1747, to
Grizel Apthorp, a daughter of Charles
Apthorp of Boston ; he was a friend to the
American cause before the outbreak of the
Revolution ; and from 1765 to 1772 he was
the agent in London for New Hampshire.
He died not 2 June (as sometimes stated),
but 28 May, 1775 (London Chronicle, 27-30
May, 1775, xxxvii. 511).
His father was Capt. Mark Trecothick, a
mariner, who presumably died late in 1734
or early in 1735, as letters of administration
were granted to his widow Hannah on
22 March, 1735. The estate was inventoried
at 34Z. 2s. Barlow Trecothick' s brother
Mark, also a mariner, was married here to
Sarah Davis on 2 April, 1740. In his will,
dated 2 August, 1745, Mark appointed the
above-mentioned Charles Apthorp his exe-
cutor, and mentioned " my Hon d Mother
M rs Hannah Trecothick of Boston Widow,"
" my Sister Hannah Trecothick," and " my
Brother Edward." Charles Apthorp ren-
dered his account 7 April, 1747. The widow,
Sarah Trecothick, does not mention any
Trecothick in her will, dated 28 January,
and proved 14 February, 1750 ; but in an
account rendered 8 October, 1763, by her
executor (her brother Amos Davis) there
is the item, " To Barlow Trecothick,
1,271Z. 2s. lid."
Barlow Trecothick's sister Hannah was
born here 2 December, 1724 ; and here
married James Ivers on 23 September, 1753.
Their son James Ivers was born here 7 July,
1754 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1773 ;
took the name of Trecothick on the death
of his uncle Barlow Trecothick ; and died in
1843.
A portrait of Barlow Trecothick's first
wife, by Robert Feke, presumably taken
before her marriage, still exists (or did exist
in 1878) in Boston. She died at Addington,
Surrey, 31 July, 1769, leaving no children.
On 9 June, 1770, Barlow Trecothick married
Ann Meredith. A portrait of her by Rey-
nolds is reproduced in Graves and Cronin's
' History of the Works of Sir J. Reynolds.'
In the same work (iii. 987) Mr. C. W. Franks
says :
" I was wrong in saying that Alderman
Trecothick had no children. He had a son,
and that son an only child, a daughter, who
married Capt. Strachey, lately of Bownham,
co. Gloucester."
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. ra. JAN. 7, 1911.
This statement is inaccurate, the facts
appearing to be as follows. This " son "
was not the son of Barlow Trecothick, who
left no children, but of James Trecothick
(born Ivers). Under date of 21 February,
1777, this notice was printed in The London
Chronicle of 20-22 February, xl. 179 :
" Yesterday was married at .Spring-garden
Chapel, James Trecothick, of Addington-place, in
Surry, Esq., to Miss [Susanna] Edmonstone, eldest
daughter of Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bt."
James and Susanna (Edmonstone) Tre-
cothick had six children. The Gentleman's
Magazine for November,': 1814, p. 496,
records the following marriage :
" Oct. 14. Barlow, eldest son of J. Trecothick,
esq., to Eliza, second daughter of Rev. Dr. [John]
Strachey, archdeacon of Suffolk."
In the 1881 edition (p. 442) of Burke's
' Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage ' it
is stated that this Barlow Trecothick " has
one daughter, Eliza Margaret, wife of
Leonard M. Strachey, Esq."
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
TURCOPOLIER : KNIGHTS HOSPITALLERS
(US. ii. 247, 336, 371). It is perhaps worth
noting what were the langues, &c., in 1798,
when Bonaparte took possession of Malta.
I quote from ' An Accurate Historical
Account of all the Orders of Knighthood/
p. 9 et seq. :
" The Order was classed at that Period into
eight Languages, or Nations, viz. 1. Provence ;
2. Auvergne ; 3. France ; 4. Italy ; 5. Arragon ;
6. Germany ; 7. Castile ; and 8. Anglo-Bavaria ;
which last was added thereto, by the late Elector
Palatin Charles Theodore de Sultzbach. That
Prince conferred upon the Order all the Estates of
the suppressed Society of the Jesuits, situated in
Bavaria ; and which, at the time of their suppres-
sion, had been united to the Electoral domains.
Charles Augustus, Prince of Bretzenheim, was the
first Grand-Prior of this Nation, or Language.
He Was invested therewith in 1780 ; and resigned
that dignity in 1799, immediatelv upon the
death of the Elector.
" The Grand -Master, as well as 'the Cardinals,
enjoys the Title of Eminence ; and the Grand-
Officers of the Order, are as follows :
1. The Grand-Commander, is the oldest Mem-
ber of the Language of Provence.
2. The Marshal, of that of Auvergne.
3. The Hospitaler, of that of France.
4. The Grand-Admiral, of that of Italy.
5. The Grand -Conservator of that of Arragon.
. The Grand-Bailiff, of that of Germany.
7. The Grand-Chancellor, of that of Castile.
8. And the Turcopolier, or Captain-General of
the Cavalry, of that of Anglo-Bavaria.
A foot-note adds :
" Turcopolier, is a Term appertaining to the
Order of Malta, which, previous to the Reforma-
tion, was the Title of the Chief of the Language
of England. Turcopole signified anciently in the
Levant, a Light-Horseman, or a kind of Dragoon.
The Turcopolier had, in this Quality, the Com-
mand of the Cavalry, and of the English Marine.
Guards of the Order. The military Orders gave
this Name to those light-armed Cavaliers, who
were the Esquires, or Serving-Brothers, of the
Knights-Hospitalers of Saint John, or Knights of
Malta, of the Templars, and the Teutonic
Knights. Note of the Editor."
The book from which I quote has neither
name of author nor date. At the beginning
is ' A Dissertation upon the existing State
of Knighthood in Europe ; addressed to the
Right Honourable Horatio Viscount Nelson,*
which proves that it was written or pub-
lished some time between 22 May, 1801,
and 21 October, 1805. Though published in
London by J. White, Fleet Street, it was
printed by J. C. Briiggemann, Herrlichkeit,
Hamburgh. The above-quoted foot-note
appears merely as an editorial note, but
many of the foot-notes come from Hugh
Clark's ' Concise History of Knighthood/
1784. On pp. 15, 16, we read :
" The last Grand-Master, duly elected, was
Ferdinand Baron de Hompesch.
" On the 24th of Nov. 1798 Paul the first,
Emperor of Russia, assumed the dignity of Grand-
Master of this Order. In 1799 His Imperial
Majesty conferred the Ensigns thereof, upon the
Honourable Emma Lady Hamilton, wife of the
right Honourable Sir William Hamilton, Knight
of the Bath, late His Britannic Majesty's Envoy-
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
the Court of Naples : and upon Sir Home Popham,
a Captain of the British Navy, who received the
permission of His Sovereign to assume and wear
the same ....
" Sir Richard James Lawrence, is likewise a
Knight of this Order."
The author refers (p. 17) particularly to
Clark's ' Concise History,' to the ' History
of the Knights of Malta ' by the Abbe de
Vertot, and to Brydone's ' Toui,' presum-
ably Patrick Brydone's ' Travels through
Sicily and Malta,' London, 1774.
I mentioned at 11 S. ii. 371 that the word
Toiy>KO7rovAos appears as a Cypriote word
meaning a field-watchman. Perhaps the
word is a survival from the time (1291
1309) when the Knights of St. John were
settled at Limisso, otherwise Limasol, in
Cyprus. ROBERT PIERPOINT.
CORN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST
MILLER (11 S. ii. 508). The miller, whose
business it is to transmute raw material
into food stuff, has much in his power, and
may, conceivably, abuse his trust. From
of old his case has been proverbial, for the
practice of individuals has been sufficient
to establish a class reference. The standard
literary allusion on the subject is contained
us. m. JAN. .7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
13.
in two lines of the delineation Chaucer gives
of his Miller in ' The Prologue,' 11. 562-3 :
Wei coude he stelen corn, and tollen thryes ;
And yet he hadde a thonibe of gold, pardee.
See the illuminating and satisfactory note
on the passage in the Clarendon Press edition
of ' The Prologue,' &c., by Dr. Morris and
Prof. Skeat.
The miller, with his privilege of "multure "
and so forth, is a robust figure in Scottish
song, his various advantages and idiosyn-
crasies having manifestly made a strong
appeal to those shrewd and candid observers
whose literary gift is now the only evidence
of their existence. One of the brightest of
their lyrics, illustrating the miller's steady
good fortune, opens thus :
Merry may the maid lie
That marries the miller,
For foul day and fair day
He 's ay bringing till her ;
Has ay a penny in his purse
For dinner and for supper ;
And gin she please, a good fat cheese,
And lumps of yellow butter.
THOMAS BAYNE.
Let MR. GERISH consult Chaucer. In the
old time every tenant was bound to grind
at the manor -mill, and the miller was paid
by a toll of the grain, which toll he took
and measured himself.
In the days of itinerant butchers they also
were suspected. Fifty years ago I can
remember street-boys shouting after the
butcher's man :
Butcher, butcher, killed a calf,
Ran away with the best half.
This was in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
I have recently written about * Itinerant
Tailors' (US. ii. 505). I might have added
itinerant butchers and pig-killers.
W. C. B.
Those interested in the subject of the toll
levied by millers will find several references
to the system as it existed in Scotland in
' The Monastery ' (chap. xiii. and notes).
Apropos of MB. GERISH' s reference to the
case of the honest miller of Great Gaddesden,
I remember reading in Milling some years
ago a paragraph about an epitaph which was
said to mark the last resting-place of an
American miller. It ran :
God works wonders now and then :
Here lies a miller an honest man.
The epitaph may possibly be apocryphal,
but it serves to show that our forefathers'
opinion of millers was by no means a flatter-
ing one. LEONARD J. HODSON.
Robertsbridge, Sussex.
Sussex lays claim to an " honest miller "
who resided at Chalvington ; but tradition
says that he throve so ill that he hanged
himself to his own mill-post. For further
particulars see Sussex Archaeological Journal
(vol. iii.)> and The Antiquary for June, 1909,
in which the subject of honest millers is
dealt with in an article on ' Sussex Wind-
mills.' P. D. M.
[ScoTUS and A. T. W. also thanked for replies.]
EMINENT LIBRARIANS (US. ii. 489, 538).
For G. H. Pertz, " Oberbibliothekar "
of the Royal Library, Berlin, see an article in
' Meyer's Konversationslexikon.' There is
an account of his son Georg Pertz, who trans-
lated Burns into German, in Briimmer's
' Lexikon der deutschen Dichter des 1&
Jahrhunderts.' G. H. Pertz's most im-
portant service to Germanic philology is his
finding the manuscript of the Old High
German ' Strassburger Blutsegen,' pub-
lished by Jakob Grimm. An account of this
monument is given in Paul's ' Grundiiss der
germanischen Philologie,' Band II., p. 66.
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
If MR. F. C. WHITE will revise his dates
from information supplied by the ' D.N.B.,'
he will find that the Rev. Henry John Todd
was born in 1763 (not 1765), Dr. David Laing
in 1793 (not 1790), and Sir Anthony Panizzi
in 1797 (not 1799). W. SCOTT.
GREAT SNOW IN 1614 (11 S. ii. 508).-
Stow refers to the severity of the winter
of 1613-14 in his annals thus :
" The 17th of January began a great Frost,
with extreame Snow \vhich continued untill
the 14th of February, and albeit the Violence of
the Frost and Snow some dayes abated, yet it
continued freezing and snowing much or little
untill the 7th of March."
Some account of this severe frost is to be
found in a contemporary chapbook, the
title-page of which runs as follows :
The Cold Yeare, 1614.
A Deepe Snowe :
In which Men and Cattell have perished,
To the generall losse of Farmers, Grasiers, Hus-
bandmen, and all sorts of People in the
Countrie ; and no lesse hurtfull to
Citizens.
Written Dialogue-wise, in a plaine Familiar Talke
betweene a London Shopkeeper, and a
North-Country-Man,
[n which, the Reader shall find many thinges for .
his profit.
mprinted at London for Thomas Langley in luie
Lane, where they are to be sold.
1015.
14
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
A reprint of this chapbook may be found
in vol. ii. of 'The Old Book Collector's
Miscellany,' edited by the late Charles
Hindley. W. C. BOLLAND,
Lincoln's Inn.
This great snow was in 1614/15 :
" January 16th began the greatest snow which
ever fell upon the earth within man's memorye.
It covered the earth fyve quarters deep upon the
playne. There fell also ten less snows in Aprill,
some a foote deep, some lesse, but none continued
long. Uppon May-day in the morning instead
of fetching in flowers the youths brought in flakes
of snow, which lay above a foot deep uppon the
moores and mountaynes (Youlgrave Register,
Derbyshire)."
" At York a heavy snow fell in January and
eleven weeks frost, and then the river Ouse over-
flowed, which flooded the streets, and lasted ten
days, destroying many bridges (Whittock's
York)."
The above quotations are from T. H.
Baker's ' Records of the Seasons, Prices of
Agricultural Produce, and Phenomena ob-
served in the British Isles.'
A. R. MALDEN.
From my transcription of the ancient
records of Whitgift's Hospital, Croydon,
I quote the following contemporary note :
" Divided among the brethren and Sisters,
in consideration of the Great Snow and cold
winter, according to the appoyntment and warrant
of my L. Grace of Canterbury, to each one the
sum of vi 8 . riii d . 'amounting in all to the sum of
x 1 . xiii 8 . iv d . (1614-15)."
ALFBED CHAS. JONAS.
An interesting and verbatim account of
the great snow will be found in The Reli-
quary, vol. iv. p. 194, taken from the Youl-
greave parish register ; also an account of a
great drought in the following spring, when
only two showers of rain fell in over four
months. " Nature always pays its debts."
A. C.
Describing the great snow in the winter
of 1614-15, Chambers (' Domestic Annals of
Scotland') quotes from Balfour's 'Annals
of Scotland,' and cites other authorities
to show the terrible severity of the season.
W. SCOTT.
CHBISTMAS MUMMERS AS MAMMALS OB
BIKDS (11 S. ii. 507). Some additional infor-
mation may perhaps be obtained from
Hone's ' Works,' edition 1845 ; an article
in Chambers' s Journal, 1848, on ' Obser-
vances of Christmas in the Olden Time ' ;
* Dorsetshire Mummers,' in The Folk-lore
Record, vol. iii. 1880 ; and Miss C. M.
Yonge's ' The Christmas Mummers, and
other Stories,' 1858.
A graphic account of a singular custom
once prevalent in Dumfriesshire, indicative
of the detestation in which the memory of
the persecutor Grierson of Lag was long held
in that part of Scotland, will be found in
' The Burns Country,' by Mr. C. S. Dougall,
1904, pp. 271-4. The observance, not
necessarily confined, however, to the Christ-
mas season, represented the persecutor as a
grotesque animal figure, crawling on all
fours in search of Whigs. ' SCOTUS.
Fosbroke, ' Antiquities,' p. 668, states
that some mummers were disguised like
bears, others like unicorns, bringing presents.
There is a small illustrated plate of these,
and a reference to Strutt's ' Sports,' 124,
189, 190. TOM JONES.
CHBISTMAS BOUGH : CHBISTMAS BUSH
(11 S. ii. 507). The Christmas bough, con-
sisting of a bundle of evergreens decorated
with oranges, apples, &c., and hung up in
the kitchen, has always been called " the
mistletoe " as long as I can remember, and
is supposed to convey the same kissing
privileges as, the actual mistletoe, which was
never seen here before the days of railways.
J. T. F.
Winterton, Lines.
In my own childhood (fifteen to twenty
years ago) at Epworth in Lincolnshire, we
never had a Christmas tree, but always a
bush of the type described by ANCHOLME.
It was formed of two wooden hoops placed
one inside the other cross-wise, and then
trimmed with evergreens, such as holly,
ivy, box, &c. Apples, oranges, and small
fancy articles were suspended from the
framework, and a light hung in the middle
or below. I have seen such bushes in other
houses not many years since in the same
place, and my father tells me they were
common in South Notts in his boyhood.
It was there called " the kissing-bush."
We called it " the holly-bush." H. I. B.
The earliest of those I knew over sixty
years ago were much the same as described
by ANCHOLME. The most used name for
them in Derbyshire was " kissing-bush,"
because at every cottage Christmas gathering
every one child, maid, lad, as well as
mother and father had to be kissed under
it, or, if it hung too low from the kitchen
beam, by the side of it, and under it all the
kissing forfeits in the games had to be
redeemed.
At one of the editorial references given I
described the making of the " Christmas
a s. in. JA. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
kissing-bush." The outer and inner hoops
of which the frame of the kissing-bush was
made were kept from year to year, for it was
lucky to do this, just as it was to keep a
portion of the " yowl-clog " with which
to light the next year's fire-log. For many
years none used the words " Santa Claus "
or " Christmas tree " : it was Father
Christmas and Christmas bush, bough, or
bunch. THOS. RATCLIFFE.
The Christmas tree, as stated in the query,
was originally " made in Germany," whence
it was brought over to this country in the
early decades of last century. Since then
it has attained so great a popularity
among us that, as regards devotion to the
Christmas tree, Britain may now be said to
be more German than Germany itself. The
Christmas bough, however, preceded the
Christmas tree, and has more claim to be
regarded as a British institution. For a
discussion of the tree as well as the bough,
see the various articles on Christmas in
Chambers' s ' Book of Days,' vol. ii. With
regard to literary references, does not
Washington Irving, in his ' Sketch Book,'
say something about the Christmas bough
as a feature in Christmas observances ?
SCOTUS.
[MR. HOLBEN MACMICHAEL also thanked for
reply.]
OWLS CALLED " CHEBUBIMS " (11 S. ii.
505). I am reminded of a story which I
heard, when a boy, from an old Cornish
great-aunt, a tale which may be condensed
thus :
One evening two miners borrowed a gun,
and went out for some unaccustomed sport.
Presently something flew across the path
in front of them ; the man with the gun
fired, and the bird fell. But when the
miners went to pick it up, they were first
amazed, then terrified, for it was a big white
owl ; they had never seen anything like it
before, and could not believe that it was a
bird. So they came to the dread conclusion
that they had shot a cherub. Filled with
horror, they rushed off to the rector, con-
fessed their crime, and asked what they
should do to save themselves from punish-
ment. Thereupon the rector, who loved a
joke, said that on Sunday they must walk
through the village to the church, each clad
in a white sheet, as a sign of penitence.
Which was done, and no evil consequences
resulted to the slayers. G. H. WHITE.
St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk.
The reason probably why the owls were
called " cherubims " was the resemblance
between owls and the winged faces that
passed for " cherubims " on headstones and
elsewhere about village churches. I have
heard a story of a lad who ran home to his
father in a terrible fright, saying, " Father,
father, I 've shotten a cherubim," thinking
he had committed some unheard-of impiety.
The father at once consoled him by telling
him it was " nowt but a hullat " (owlet)
that he had shot. J. T. F.
Winterton, Lines.
In the late Mr. Bosworth Smith's ' Bird
Life and Bird Lore,' published by John
Murray, may be seen a reproduction of an old
print in ' Sporting Anecdotes ' (1804, Albion
Press) entitled ' Cherubim Shooting.' The
white owl, which looks at times all head and
wings, is not unlike the representation of
cherubim in Christian art, in which the head
represents the fullness of knowledge implied
in the name, the wings the angelic nature.
FRANK E. COOPE.
Thurlestone Rectory, Kingsbridge, S. Devon.
ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US-
ii. 488). The lines quoted by MB. H. S.
BBANDBETH are an incorrect version of a
well-known passage in Tennyson's ' May
Queen : Conclusion,' stanza 7 :
The trees began to whisper, and the wind began
to roll,
And in the wild March-morning I heard them call
my soul.
The oratio recta of the poet has been changed
into the oratio obliqua in the query, and there
are other variations. W. S. S.
The original couplet is in Tennyson's
'May Queen.' The garbled version of it
appears, I feel sure, in a novel by either
Charles or Henry Kingsley. It is there
applied to the Guards leaving London for
the Crimea : " Surely there was many a fine
fellow who," &c. k G. W. E. RUSSELL.
JOHN BBIGHT'S QUOTATIONS (US. ii. 508).
2. Unholy is the voice
Of loud thanksgiving over slaughter'd men,
is Cowper's translation of 'Odyssey,' xxii.
412. WM. EDWABD POLLABD.
Hertford.
3. " Fortune came smiling," &c., will be
found in Dryden's ' All for Love.'
W. SCOTT.
4. " The Scipios' tomb contains no ashes
now " is from ' Childe Harold,' iv. 79.
THOMAS BAYNE.
16
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 7, ion.
' GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE ' : NUMBERING
OF VOLUMES (11 S. ii. 388, 477). I am in-
debted to MR. A. S. LEWIS for his reply, but
it is not clear to me that he solves the diffi-
culty by assuming a slip on the part of the
editor. No doubt it is true, as MR. LEWIS
points out, that the preface of fche January
to June, 1857, volume speaks of its " two
hundred predecessors " ; but this seems
to be merely a loose phrase for " two hundred
or thereby," as the immediately preceding
leaf explicitly styles the volume "the two-
hundred-and-second since the commence-
ment," and this numeration is adhered to in
subsequent volumes.
Another correspondent points out that in
the Preface to the Obituary Index printed in
1891 an attempt is made to defend the
numeration by reckoning the issue for 1782
as composed of two volumes instead of one.
But is there any justification for this ?
The numbers for 1781 run to 633 pages.
The numbers for 1782 run to 631 pages.
The numbers for 1783 run to 1067 pages.
It thus appears that the increase in bulk
suggesting the breaking-up of each year into
two parts took place in 1783, not 1782.
Further, I find that the caption-heading of
the number for July, 1783, is " The Gentle-
man's Magazine for July, 1783 : being the first
number of the second part of vol. 53 " ; while
the heading of the number for July, 1782,
lacks the italicized part. Our copy of July
to December, 1783, has an independent
title-page : " The Gentleman's Magazine
for the year 1783. Part the second." Does a
corresponding title-page exist for July to
December, 1782 ? P. J. ANDERSON.
Aberdeen University Library.
DANES' -BLOOD, A FLOWER (11 S. ii. 488).
This is a local name in Hertfordshire and
Essex applied to several plants which are
supposed to owe their origin to the blood of
slaughtered Danes. My first acquaintance
with a plant of this denomination proved
to be the Dane wort or dwarf elder, which
grew fairly freely in places by the side of the
main road between Anstey and Barkway.
Weever in his ' Antient Funeral Monu-
ments,' 1631, p. 707, referring to Bartlow,
Essex, says :
"Banewort, which with bloud - red berries
commeth up here plenteously, they still call by no
other name than Danesbloud', of the number of the
Danes that were there slaine."
Camden in his 'Britannia,' 1607, refers to
the same plant as the wall-wort or dwarf
elder. It should be noted that the elder-
berries are not red, but a reddish-black, and
yield a violet juice.
The Anemone pulsatilla or pasque-flower,
found in abundance near Ashwell, Herts, is
also known locally as Danes' -blood. Mr.
E. V. Methold in his ' Notes on Stevenage,
Herts,' remarks that in the hedges of the field
known to this day as " Danes' Blood Field "
there grows a plant called " monkshood,"
in which, during the spring, the sap turns
to a reddish colour. W. B. GERISH.
In * Tongues in Trees,' a work on plant-
lore published by George Allen in 1891, I
read at p. 48 :
"The pasque-flower, Anemone pulsatilla, a native
in the fields near Royston, is there supposed to have
grown from the blood of Danes slain in battle. The
same idea attaches in Wiltshire to the Danewort or
dwarf elder, Sambucus Ebulus ; though at the High
Cross on Watling Street near Leicester it is recorded
as having been planted by the Romans as a preser-
vative against dropsy."
W. T.
According to Folkard, the plant to which
this legend properly belongs is the dwarf
elder. He quotes Aubrey in support, who
locates the legend at S laugh terford in Wilts.
Friend says the name is given in various
places to the rose, anemone, thistle, Adonis,,
and other flowers too numerous to mention.
C. C. B.
Britten and Holland, ' Plant Names/
1886, p. 142, give three species : 1. Sambucus
Ebulus, L., Cambs, Wilts ; 2. Anemone
pulsatilla, L., Cambs, N. Essex, Norf. 3.
Campanula glomerata, L., Cambs.
S. L. PETTY.
Ulverston.
It is not only the clustered bell-flower
(Campanula glomerata) that is known as
Danes' -blood. The dwarf elder, Sambucus
Ebulus, is also known both as Danes' -blood
and Danes' -wort (Berkshire), and, as may be
seen in Salmon's ' London Dispensatory,'
was a common remedy for various ills. The
popular belief that the flower sprang
originally from the blood of the Danes which
stained the ancient battle-fields is still
common in Wiltshire, North Hertfordshire,
Hampshire, Cumberland, North Essex, and
Norfolk. In Northamptonshire the plant
is known also as Dane-weed, and Defoe in
his ' Tour through Great Britain ' speaks
of his going a little out of the road from*
Daventry to see a great camp called Barrow
Hill, and adds :
" They say this was a Danish camp, and every-
: thing hereab'out is attributed to the Danes, because
ii s. HI. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
of the neighbouring Daventry, which they suppose
to be built by them. The road hereabouts, too,
being overgrown with Dane- weed, they fancy it
sprang from the blood of Danes slain in battle ; and
that, if upon a certain day iii the year you cut it, it
bleeds." Vol. ii. p. 362.
There is a full account of the tradition in
The Gardeners' Chronicle, 1875, p. 515. See
also Prior and Britten, s.v.v. Dane wort,
Dane weed ; Aubrey's ' Natural History of
Wilts,' p. 50 ; ' Natural History and Anti-
quities of Surrey,' iv. 217, cited in ' Flowers
and Flower Lore,' by the Rev. Hilderie
Friend. 1884. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
4, Hurlingham Court, S.W.
[G. F. R. B. also thanked for reply.]
HIGH STEWARDS AND RECORDERS AT THE
RESTORATION (US. ii. 488). Sir Orlando
Bridgeman was Lord Keeper of the Great
Seal 1667-72, during which time there was
no one with the title of Lord Chancellor.
Lord Campbell in the introduction to his
' Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers
of the Great Seal of England,' 1845, vol. i.
p. 20, cites 5 Eliz. c. 18, which declares
that " the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
for the time being shall have the same place,
pre-eminence, and jurisdiction as the Lord
Chancellor of England."
He continues :
" Since then there of course never have been a
Chancellor and Keeper of the Great Seal concur-
rently, and the only difference between the two
titles is, that the one is more sounding than the
other, and is regarded as a higher mark of royal
favour."
Will MRS. SUCKLING give her reference
for the statement that Roger Gollop was
M.P. for Southampton in 1659, and say
whether Southampton means the county or
the borough ? There is no Roger Gollop in
the Index of the Official (Blue-book) Return
of Members of Parliament. This does not
prove that there was no such member, as
the seventeenth-century lists are not perfect.
George Gollopp, or Gollop, or Gallopp,
alderman, sat for Southampton borough in
the Parliaments of 17 May, 1625 12 August,
1625 ; of 6 February, 1625/615 June, 1626 ;
of 17 March, 1627/810 March, 1628/9 ; and
of 1640 (Long Parliament).
In the Parliament of 13 April, 1640
5 May, 1640, Southampton borough was
represented by Sir John Mill, Bt., and
Thomas Levingstonne, Esq. In the next
the Long Parliament one of the two mem-
bers was George Gollopp (see above). In
the next, 3 September, 1654 22 January,
1654/5, John Lisle, Esq., one of the Lords
Commissioners of the Great Seal, and Re-
corder of Southampton, appears alone as
member for the borough.
In the lists of the next three Parliaments,
viz., of 1656, 1658/9, and 1660, the borough
does not appear. It reappears in that
of 1661 with two members.
In the list of the Parliament of 1658.9,
which lasted less than three months, there
were two members for Southampton county :
one of unknown name ("Return torn"),
the other Robert Wallopp, Esq., of Fare
Wallopp, co. Southampton. About that
time a Wallopp generally sat for the county.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
There was no Lord Chancellor in 1671.
Clarendon surrendered the Great Seal on
30 August, 1667. It was given to Shaftes-
bury on 17 November, 1672. During the
intervening period Sir Orlando Bridgeman
was Lord Keeper. EDWARD BENSLY.
A great deal of valuable matter relating
to High Stewards will be found in Webb's
' English Local Government, vols. ii. iii.
ROLAND AUSTIN.
Public Library, Gloucester.
[G. F. R. B., DIEGO, M., and MB. W. SCOTT also
thanked for replies.]
DANTE, RUSKIN, AND A FONT (11 S. ii.
469). Dante says himself (' Inferno,' xix.
1920), when speaking of the punishment
of the Simonists :
" I saw the livid stone, on the sides and on the
bottom, full of holes, all of one breadth ; and each
was round. Not less wide they seemed to me, nor
larger, than those that are in my beauteous San
Giovanni made for stands to the baptizers ; one of
which, not many years ago, I broke to save one that
was drowning in it :
L'un delli quali, ancor non e molt' anni,
Rupp' io per uri che dentro ri annegava."
A. R. BAYLEY.
Miss SUMNER : MRS. SKRINE OR SKREENE
(11 S. ii. 389, 475). I have a copy of the
Chippendale book-plate of Wm. Brightwell
Sumner of Hatchlands, East Clandon,
Surrey, with a bequest label attached, " The
Bequest of my Brother, the Rev d D r Rob
Carey Sumner," which is enclosed in a
floral wreath, c. 1770. The arms are :
Ermines, two chevronels or, a crescent gu.
for difference, impaling. . . .a stag trippant
. . . .for Holme. Crest, a lion's head erased
.... ducally gorged ....
There is another book-plate of this family,
viz., a festoon armorial, c. 1780, for Geo.
Holmne Sumner, armiger, of Hatchlands ;
but I have not a copy of it.
18
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
There is a pedigree of the Sumners of
Hatchlands in Burke' s ' Landed Gentry,'
5th ed. It also appears in other editions.
CHAS. HALL CROUCH.
48, Nelson Road, Stroud Green, N.
ELIZABETH WOODVILLE AND THE KINGS OF
COLOGNE (11 S. ii. 449). The attempt to
connect Elizabeth Woodville with one of
the three Kings of Cologne is, I fear, a hope-
less undertaking. It was doubtless through
her mother, Jaquette or Jacqueline, that the
connexion (if such there was) existed. But
the difficulties in the way of tracing her
descent seem insuperable. In Cologne, I
believe, the names assigned to the three
Kings are Gaspar (or Jaspar), Melchior, and
Balthazar. There are, however, at least
four other accounts, in every one of which the
names are different. From an origin so
obscure and nebulous, it appears impossible
to deduce the pedigree of the Lady Eliza-
beth Woodville with anything approaching
accuracy. W. S. S.
BABIES AND KITTENS (11 S. ii. 509).
Miss Charlotte Leatham in an article on
West Sussex superstitions lingering in 1868
(Folk - lore Eecord, i. 18) says : " The belief
that a baby and a kitten cannot thrive in the
same house is far from being peculiar to
Sussex."
Norfolk people hold the same view, and
they will not hesitate to drown a cat if it
is ailing when there is an infant about.
W. B. GERISH.
LOWTHEBS v. HOWARDS : A SUPERSTITION
UPSET (11 S. ii. 504). I first heard the saying
mentioned, "A Lowther cannot beat a
Howard," during the recent election. If
it is of long standing ("a century and a
half," The Morning Post says), it is difficult to
see how it could have any foundation on
fact. In the Parliaments of 1695, 1698,
1700, 1701, and 1780 Carlisle, and in those of
1679, 1806, 1807, 1812, and 1818 Cumber-
land, each of which was a two-seat con-
stituency, returned both a Lowther and a
Howard. This must have meant either a
compromise or such a balance of power
as gave no advantage to either family. The
expression " A Lowther cannot beat a
Howard," or, as I heard it, "A Lowther has
never beaten a Howard," implies a number
of contests at the polls in which a Howard
was uniformly successful over a Lowther.
I do not find that the political history of
Cumberland and Westmorland affords any
Confirmation of such a view. DIEGO.
Leland's Itinerary in England. Edited by Lucy
Toulmin Smith. Parts IX., X., and XI. (Bell
& Sons.)
THIS volume marks the conclusion of the valuable
and scholarly work upon which Miss Toulmin
Smith has been long engaged. Of its contents,
one part only, Part X. having to do with
Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Wilts, Somerset, Glouces-
tershire, and Dorset is in the nature of con-
tinuous narrative. The remainder 'consists of
miscellaneous notes in Latin and English, those
in Part XI. having formed to some extent the
basis of the more connected disquisitions in the
earlier portions of the Itinerary. An interesting
Appendix to Part X. sets forth a ' Note ' by
Thomas Hearne on the building of the bridge
between Culham and Abingdon, concluding with
the cita,tion of a " table " put up by " Mr.
Richard Fannand, iron-monger," in the Hall of
St. Helen's Hospital, wherein the details of the
enterprise labour, material, and dimensions
are set forth in pious and enthusiastic verse.
This, the final volume, is supplied with every-
thing necessary towards perfecting the work as
a whole, and facilitating references. The Preface
contains an additional note of the Leland MSS.
in the British Museum ; there is a ' Conspectus
of English and Welsh Counties ' touched upon
by the traveller. ; a list of the ' Maps and Illustra-
tions in the Five Volumes ' ; 'A Concordance of
the Present Edition of Leland's Itinerary with
Hearne's Printed Text, Second Edition, 1744 ' ;
and a ' Glossary ' of ' Archaic Words and Senses ' ;
while the two general Indexes, of ' Persons and
Landowners ' and ' Places and Subjects ' respec-
tively, which have reference to the volumes pre-
ceding as well as the present, are, so far as we have
been able to test them, wonderfully accurate.
By her thorough and painstaking performance
of a task which has demanded infinite patience
and scrupulous care, no less than learning and
critical insight of a high order, Miss Toulmin
Smith has earned the gratitude not only of
antiquaries, but also of those less responsible
persons who love to dabble in local history and
tradition for the romance that is in them.
IN The Cornhill Magazine for the new year Mrs.
Humphry Ward begins a new novel, ' The Case of
Richard Meynell,' another story of theological
difficulties, and Mr. and Mrs. Egerton Castle
a lively story, ' The Lost Iphigenia.' Mr. J.
Meade Falkner has a pleasant poem on ' Oxford.'
Mrs. Woods's ' Pastel ' is concerned with ' Black
and White,' and finds something to say in favour of
the former. Sir Frederick Pollock in ' Arabiniana'
deals with the odd sayings of Serjeant Arabin, an
original character who administered justice from
1827 till 1841. His best-known saying, and we
think his best the others are nothing like so
witty is current in some such words as
" Prisoner, God has given you good abilities,
instead of which you go about the country stealing
ducks." For " good abilities " we have generally
heard " health and strength." Mrs. S. A.
Barnett has a short, but sensible article ' Of
Town Planning.' ' Marlborough's Men,' by Col.
Hugh Pearse, is suggestive, but rather too much
of a summary^to please us. " Q." has a lively
ii s. in. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
19
account of ' The Election Count ' in his own dis-
trict, the hopes and fears and amenities of such
occasions. Sir James Ypxall in ' A Great Game
at Hide and Seek ' explains how Bruslart worried
Napoleon. His fantastic style is full of affecta-
tion. Mr. A. C. Benson's personal sketch this
month is concerned with ' J. K. S.,' and gives a
highly interesting view of that brilliant and eccen-
tric figure. The first of a series of " Examina-
tion Papers " on famous authors is begun this
month by a number of questions on Lamb which
are set by Mr. E. V. Lucas. For the best answers
two guineas are offered.
The Fortnightly for the year is an exceptionally
interesting number. Mr. J. L. Garvin's notes
on the present political situation are not con-
vincing, and are spoilt for us by idle repetition.
Mr. Walter Sichel in ' Second Thoughts ' is also
on the Conservative side, while Mr. Belloc in ' The
Change in Politics ' abuses both sides, and has
good reason, we think, for much that he con-
demns. Mr. Granville Barker has an account of
' Two German Theatres ' which suggests abun-
dant reflections concerning the mismanagement
of our own stage and the recent failure of reper-
tory. What Mr. Barker says should be carefully
considered by all who care for the drama in this
country. ' Post - Impressionists ' supply Mr.
Walter Sickert with a subject for incisive criticism.
A painter himself, Mr. Sickert writes with marked
ability and verve on the artists who have come
after the Impressionists of his earlier days. In
' Impressions of Congress ' Mr. Sydney Brooks
brings out very well the free and easy manners of
American politicians as compared with our own.
Washington and Westminster are widely different
in their observances. Any one can go past the
doors of the national Capitol, smoke in corridors,
and take any seat in the great public galleries
which happens to be vacant. In the House of
Representatives " each member has a revolving
arm-chair and a spacious desk in front of it."
' A Candid Colloquy on Religion ' should attract
attention, as it exhibits cleverly three typical
points of view, the believer of the party being a
Roman Catholic.' Mr. Sidney Low writes on
' The End of the Old Constitution ' with the
experience of an old hand ; and Mr. W hitelaw Reid
reprints an address on ' Byron ' delivered to
inaugurate a proposed Byron Chair of English
Literature. Mr. Francis Gribble has an article
on ' Tolstoy ' which brings into relief some of the
important points and inconsistencies in the career
of that thinker and artist. ' Benlian,' a story by
Mr. Oliver Onions, is a weird and effective study
in morbid influences ; and Mr. Lennard's fourth
section of his hero ' In Search of Egeria ' deals
with a modern, neurotic type of woman.
Ix the two opening papers of The Nineteenth
Century Lord Ribblesdale and Lord Dunraven
discuss the results of the recent election. Mr.
Harold Cox speaks of the Referendum as ' A
Great Democratic Reform ' necessary to cope with
"misrepresentation by groups of log-rolling
politicians." He hopes it may come into force in
a few years. Lady Paget's ' Recollections of
Copenhagen in the 'Sixties ' are chiefly concerned
with the difficulties in the choice of the Danish
King of Greece, whose father Prince Christian
was, at first, decidedly opposed to separation
from his son. Sir Edward Clayton considers ' The
Home Secretary and Prison Reform,' providing,
we think, some useful and shrewd criticism.
Capt. G. S. C. Swinton is in favour of 'A " King
Edward " Bridge ' as a memorial. Hungerford
Bridge and Charing Cross Station are, it is
argued, unworthy of their prominence. They are
either to make way altogether, " the station
moving bodily to a more convenient position
elsewhere," or to be included in one great recon-
struction scheme. This might be very fine, but
the expense would be prohibitive. The second!
part of ' The Married Working Woman : a Study,'
is well worth reading. Of ' Carillon Music,' as
Mr. E. B. Osborn says, little is known in England.
He speaks of the triumphs achieved by various
artists at the meeting of bell-masters in Mechlin.
M. Denyn is the master of them all, and performs,
we learn, on a set of thirty-five bells at Cattistock
in Dorset every year on the last Thursday in July.
This is the only keyboard carillon of any conse-
quence in the country, but perhaps some of our
latest towers will be provided with bell-music..
Mrs. Watherston gives a lively and interesting
account of ' An Outpost of our Empire,' viz.,
Tamale in West Africa, which she was the first
white woman to inhabit. Other articles are con-
cerned with English sculpture, education, small
holdings, and democracy, but we regret to firkl
that no single paper deals with letters.
Ix The Burlington Magazine the ' Editorial '
deals with ' National Memorials and Selection
Committees.' The competition for the statue of
King Edward should, it is said, be thrown open
to all artists of the British Empire, and the designs
be on show in some large central building during
the period of the Coronation this year, when
Colonial and Indian officials may be able to select
those of them suitable for local requirements. The
jury of selection is then discussed. We agree that
it should foe possible, and is desirable, to get
eminent foreigners to help ; and we also applaud
the idea of using the services of ' : a certain number
of men of general critical knowledge and familiarity
with the masterpieces of older sculpture." The
statue, after all, is not to be viewed mainly
by sculptors, who, like other artists, are apt to
ignore the claims of general design in favour of
some technical subtlety or merit. Mr. Roger
Fry writes on ' A Portrait of Leonello D'Este '
by Roger Van der Weyden which is figured in
colours in the frontispiece, the coat of arms on
the reverse side being also reproduced on a plate.
Mr. Lionel Cust continues in his ' Notes on Pic-
tures in the Royal Collections ' discussion of Van
Dyck's splendid equestrian portraits of Charles I.
M. Paul Lafond has discovered an interesting
subject for discussion in ' Ox- Yokes in the North
of Portugal,' the designs on which approach a
primitive character, though the actual specimens
secured are, in fact, contemporary work. They
are certainly beautiful, and offer a fascinating
field for the tracing of design down the ages. A
similar study is afforded by a plate in which Sir
Martin Conway puts together pictures of two
fourteenth-century chests.
Of the remaining articles and notes we mention
specially a clever plea for the Post-Impressionists
by Mr. A. Clutton- Brock, and information from a
foreign correspondent concerning forthcoming
letters of Van Gogh. It is noted that the ' St.
Sebastian' of Mantegna has been moved from
the village of Aigue-Perse to the Louvre.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, wn.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
r MR. ANDREW BAXENDINE'S Edinburgh
Catalogue 121 contains some new books as well as
second-hand ones and remainders. We note the
' Wellington Despatches,' with index, 13 vols.,
II. 5s. ; and Bewick's 'Birds ' and ' Quadrupeds/
-3 vols., half-morocco, Newcastle, 1816-21,
II. 10s. Under Alpine is VVooster's ' Alpine
Plants,' 2 vols., fine copy, 1Z. 10s. The " Ancient
Classics for English Readers," 28 vols. in 14,
half-calf, are II. 5s., and " Aldine Poets," 51 vols.,
cloth, as new, 21. 2s. Billings's ' Antiquities of
Scotland,' 4 vols., 4to, half-morocco, 1845-52, a
handsome copy, is 4Z. 10s. 6d. ; and the reprint,
1901, 21. Under Scotland is a complete set of the
historians of Scotland, together 10 vols., cloth,
1871-80, 31. 15s. Qd. Under Scott are several
entries, including 'The Border Antiquities,'
2 vols., 4to, old red morocco, 1814, 21. 2s. Under
Burns are the first London edition with list of
subscribers, red morocco, 1787, 3Z. 10s. 6d. ;
and Allan Cunningham's edition, 8 vols., blue
morocco, 21. 2s. The list, which is a varied one,
contains fifteen hundred items.
Mr. F. C. Carter's Hornsey Catalogue 27 is
devoted to Americana. There are in all four
hundred items at moderate prices. A collection
of trials, 29 pamphlets, 1795-1852, may be had
for 21. 12s., and 11 Civil War pamphlets, 1849-65,
for 12s. Qd.
Mr. Carter sends also (Extra Series 4) a Cata-
logue of Deeds, Charters, and Autograph Letters.
There are many documents relating to Gibbon,
with some unpublished correspondence. Under
;St. Pancras is part of a plan showing a tea garden,
and there is an item of special interest at the
E resent time, a collection of 56 Peers' Proxies,
lank, early nineteenth century, with signatures
of Selkirk, Clinton, Shaftesbury, Verulam, Mac-
aulay, and others, II. 5s.
Mr. George Gregory of Bath includes in his
Catalogue numbered 199-200 the rare mezzotint
' The Daughters of Sir Thomas Frankland,'
engraved by Ward after Hoppner, published
21 April, 1800, a magnificent impression,
100 guineas. Among the books are Fathers of
the Church, miscellaneous Theology, Clark's
" Foreign Theological Library," and Greek and
Latin classics. Works from the library of the
late Canon Griffiths comprise Atkyns's ' Glouces-
tershire,' folio, 1768, 3Z. 15s. ; ' Percy Anecdotes,'
40 vols. in 20, 1Z. 7s. ; Skelton's ' Oxonia Antiqua
Restaurata,' 2 vols., imperial 4to, 1823, 2Z. 2s. ;
and Foxe's ' Book of Martyrs,' black-letter,
3 vols., folio, 1641, 4Z. 10s. There are some recent
purchases, among which are ' The American
Atlas,' 1775, 6Z. ; and Ackermann's ' Cambridge,'
2 vols., imperial 4to, half-morocco, 1815, a
brilliantly coloured copy, 13Z. Under Bath are
Nattes's Views, 28 coloured plates, royal folio,
handsomely bound in calf, 1806, 9Z.
Mr. W T . M. Murphy's Liverpool Catalogue 160
contains the Transactions and Proceedinys of the
Society of Biblical Archaeology, 1872-93, i3Z. 10s. ;
a handsome set of Punch, original issue, 1841-
1909, 137 vols. in 69 yearly volumes, half-morocco,
27Z. 10s. ; the Abbotsford Scott, 17 vols., half-
vellum, 1842-6, 10?. ; and the Dauphin edition of
Boileau, 2 vols., large 4to, morocco, a choice
copy, Paris, 1789, 5Z. 5s. Under Byroniana is the
first edition of the ' Genuine Rejected Addresses,'
original boards, very scarce, 1812, 4Z. Under
Ceramic is Hobson's 'Worcester Porcelain,'
6Z. 6s. A copy of ' The Century Dictionary,'
8 vols., full morocco, gilt, is priced 61. Among
many Dickens items is an extra-illustrated copy
of the first 8vo edition with autograph letter of
Dickens, levant, 1839, 6Z. 10s. Other works
include ' The Historians' History of the World,'
Times edition, 1907, 11Z. 10s. ; Smyth's ' Roman
Medals,' 1Z. 5s. ; Montaigne's ' Essais,' Paris,
1600, 4Z. 10s. ; the first edition of Rogers's ' Italy,'
1830, 2Z. 10s. ; and Spotiswoode's ' Church of
Scotland, 'fourth edition, 1677, 2Z. 10s. Dodsley's
' Collection of Old English Plays,' a fine fresh set,
is 7Z. 7s. Under Constable are a pair of mezzo-
tints, fine impressions, 15 guineas; also 'The
Rainbow,' 4 guineas.
Messrs. W. N. Pitcher & Co.'s Manchester
Catalogue 189 contains all classes of literature.
There is a large-paper copy of Angelo's ' Remi-
niscences,' limited to 75 copies ; also a large-
paper copy of ' The Picnic,' limited to 50 copies,
together 3 vols., royal Svo, half-morocco, 1904-5,
5Z. 5s. Under Art Sales is Redford's ' History of
Sales of Pictures,' 2 vols., scarce, 1888, 9Z. There
is a set of the " Badminton Library of Sports
and Pastimes," 30 vols., half blue morocco, 7Z. 10s.;
and the Caxton Edition of ' La Com^die Humaine,'
4Z. The Haworth Edition of the Brontes' works,
7 vols., is, 3Z. 7s. Qd. There are also the Cole-
ridge and Prothero edition of Byron, the 17-
volume edition of Browning, the Vierge edition
of ' Don Quixote,' Ormerod's ' Cheshire,' and
Fielding, 11 vols., with Life by Murphy. An
extra-illustrated Lysons's ' Magna Britannia,'
extended to 10 vols., half -morocco, 1806-22, is
16Z. 10s. Under Manchester are 12 original
pencil drawings by Melton Prior, depicting scenes
during the visit of the Prince and Princess of
Wales in 1887, 71. 10s.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
WE beg leave to state that we decline to return
communications which, for any reason, we do not
print, and to this rule we can make no exception.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ' "Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
Lucis (" Terrible Vautrin "). Vautrin is a
desperate criminal in Balzac's ' Le Pere Goriot.'
XYLOGRAPITER (" Gruneisen "). He was for
some years musical critic of The Athcmceum, and
died in 1879. See life in ' D.N.B.'
CORRIGENDUM. 11 S. ii. 512, col. 1, 1. 4, for
' Balser " read Baker.
ii s. in. JAN. 14, ion.] NOTES AND QUEEIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY U, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 55.
NOTES : Shelley and Leigh Hunt, 21 Statues and
Memorials in the British Isles, 22 The Earliest Tele-
graphy, 24 Sir John Chandos James Forsyth " Elze "
=Already, 25 Longfellow on Dufresny, 26.
QUERIES: Sophie Dawes Miss Wykeham Alderman
Wilcox, 27 Benjamin D'Israeli of Dublin Teesdale
Legion Capt. Witham and the Siege of Gibraltar-
Grange Court, St. Clement Danes Thackeray and
Pugilism Thackeray and the Stage T. J. Thackeray
O. Goldsmith, B.A., 28 M. G. Drake Richard
Heylin W. J. Lockwood T. Coryat and Westminster
School Authors Wanted " Teetotal " Ha.ckney and
Tom Hood Miss Pastrana Lady Elizabeth Preston,
29 County Coats of Arms Coroner of the Verge Crowe
Families, 30.
BEPLIES : Poor Souls' Light: " Totenlaterne," 30 Early
Graduation Colani and the Reformation, 32 Henry of
Navarre and the Three-Handled Cup Gordons at West-
minster School, 33 Sir Walter Raleigh and Tobacco
' Young Folks ' Itinerant Tailors, 34 Westminster
Chimes "Sackbut" Knots in Handkerchiefs Corpse
Bleeding Artephius, ' De Characteribus Planetarum,' 35
Elephant and Castle in Heraldry Puns on Payne The
Brown Sex, 36 Fores's Musical Envelope Bohemian
Musical Folk-lore Al fieri in England Lady Conyngham
Bishop Luscombe " Yorker," 37 Viscount Ossington
" Tenedish," 38.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'The Romance of Bookselling'
The National Review.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
SHELLEY AND LEIGH HUNT.
IN that very interesting compilation, ' Recol-
lections of the Table Talk of Samuel Rogers,'
the poet is reported to have said :
" Before meeting Shelley in Italy, I had seen
him only once. It was in my own house in
St. James' Place, where he called upon me
introducing himself to request the loan of some
money which he wished to present to Leigh Hunt ;
and he offered me a bond for it. Having nume-
rous claims upon me at that time, 1 was obliged
to refuse the loan."
Prior to its final acceptance, a part of that
statement seems to require revision. I do
not think that Shelley before April, 1816, had
any necessity to raise money for Leigh
Hunt.
Prof. Dowden in a note (' Life of Shelley,'
vol. ii. p. 181) says : " When it was that he
[Shelley] called on Rogers to request a loan
for Leigh Hunt I cannot tell."
While not disputing the fact that Shelley
did call upon Rogers earlier than April, 1816,
to borrow money, I submit that there is no
evidence whatever that the money was
intended for Leigh Hunt. I think it can be
shown that the loan was requested for God-
win, and that the date of Shelley's visit to
Rogers was May, 1814.
When, in February, 1813, Leigh Hunt and
his brother were sentenced to two years'
imprisonment, and a fine of 500?. each, for
publishing a libel on the Prince Regent,
Shelley, who was then at Tremadoc in Wales,
wrote, on or about 19 February, to Hook-
ham, and begged him to raise a subscription
to pay Hunt's fine. Towards that object
Shelley sent 201. When it was pointed out
that neither of the Hunts would accept
pecuniary assistance, Shelley wrote direct
to Leigh Hunt, at that time in prison, and
offered to pay either the whole, or a great
part of the fine. This princely offer was at
once declined by both the brothers Hunt,
and there is no reason to believe that the
question was ever reopened. As a matter
of fact, Leigh Hunt was not personally
known to Shelley until December, 1816,
which was long after the period indicated by
Rogers.
That the visit to Rogers must have taken
place prior to Byron's departure from
England, in April, 1816, is proved by Rogers
himself, who states that on the same day that
Shelley called, Byron dined with him. Prof.
Dowden tells us (' Life of Shelley,' vol. ii.
p. 61) that in December, 1816, Mary became
aware that Shelley had either given or con-
veyed to Leigh Hunt a considerable sum
of money, possibly for his private wants.
This is the first intimation of any gift of
money by Shelley to Leigh Hunt, and can
have had no connexion whatever with
Samuel Rogers. On the other hand, it is
on record that in March, 1814, Shelley's
affairs were in a critical condition. He
wrote to his father to say that he could no
longer delay raising money by the sale of
post-obit bonds. Two months later, in
May, 1814, Shelley tried very hard to raise
money, but not for Leigh Hunt, who was not
in need of money at that time. Shelley-
wished to assist Godwin (Dowden, vol. i.
pp. 417-18), with whose daughter he eloped
at the end of July.
In May, 1815, Shelley gave Godwin
1,OOOZ., and in the following month the poet
became entitled to an income of 1,OOOZ. a
year. He had then certainly no occasion to
borrow money from Rogers, for he was, at
that time, decidedly prosperous. " Re-
lieved from poverty and the oppression of
debt," says Prof. Dowden, he longed to get
out of London, and to find some haven of
peace with Mary Godwin. Again, in
January, 1816, Shelley agreed to sell an
annuity for Godwin's benefit ; but not one
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. H, 1911.
word is mentioned of Leigh Hunt's neces-
sities until the following December.
In these circumstances it seems likely,
either that Rogers may have forgotten,
or perhaps in the first instance mistaken,
the object for which Shelley begged a loan ;
or that the compiler of the ' Table Talk *
may have misunderstood the allusion. It
appears to be only bare justice to a man who,
in after years, was not so scrupulous, to
remember that, in the hours of adversity
which he passed in prison, he showed a fine
spirit of independence.
RICHARD EDGCUMBE.
Edgbarrow, Orowthorne, Berks.
STATUES AND MEMORIALS IN THE
BRITISH ISLES.
(See 10 S. xi. 441 ; xii. 51, 114, 181, 401 ;
11 S. i. 282; ii. 42, 242, 381.)
I AGAIN desire to thank all correspondents,
anonymous and otherwise, who have supplied
information.
Having given a first instalment of Queen
Victoria Memorials at the last reference, I
devote the present contribution mainly to
Memorials of Prince Albert, after which I
must proceed to other subjects now demand-
ing attention.
ROYAL PEESONAGES (continued).
Hastings. About the centre of the town,
on a site where seven roads converge, stands
the Albert Memorial. It is 65 feet high,
and was erected by public subscription at a
cost of 860Z., to the memory of Prince
Albert, consort of Queen Victoria. Above
the entrance door of the tower is inscribed :
" Erected to Albert the Good, in the year
of our Lord 1862." Higher up on the same
side is a statue of the Prince, represented
in the robes of a Knight of the Garter.
Above the statue is an illuminated clock.
A drinking fountain is incorporated in the
lower portion of the tower. The memorial
is from designs by Mr. E. A. Heffer of Liver-
pool.
Edinburgh. A bronze equestrian statue
of Prince Albert stands in the centre of
Charlotte Square Gardens. The Prince is
represented in the uniform of a. field-marshal.
On the granite pedestal are bronze bas-reliefs
depicting events in his life : (E. ) his marriage,
(W.) opening of the Great Exhibition of 1851,
(N.) distributing Orders, (S.) the Queen and
Prince surrounded by their children. At the
angles between are groups representative of
(1) Art and Science, (2) Labour, (3) Nobility,
(4) Service. The statue is the work of the
late Sir John Steell, and the groups are by
other sculptors. The work cost nearly
16,000?., and was inaugurated by Queen
Victoria on 17 August, 1876. On the evening
of the ceremony the sculptor received the
honour of knighthood from his sovereign at
Holyrood Palace.
Ramsey, Isle of Man. On 20 September,
1847, the Royal Yacht with the Queen and
Prince Albert on board anchored in Ramsey
Bay. The Queen remained on board, but
the Prince Consort landed and visited
several points of interest in the neighbour-
hood. The party had again embarked
before the inhabitants were aware of the
visit. A subscription was shortly after-
wards started to erect a suitable memorial
of the event. It consists of a tower 45 feet
high, built of granite and slate, and furnished
with a winding stairway in the interior. Over
the doorway is inscribed :
" Erected on the spot where H.R.H. Prince-
Albert stood to view Ramsey and its neigh-
bourhood during the visit of her most gracious
Majesty Queen Victoria to Ramsey Bay, the 20th
of September, 1847."
Belfast. At the bottom of High Street,
near the Quay, is the fine clock-tower
known as " The Albert Memorial." It was
erected by public subscription, was begun
in 1865, and completed in 1868. It rises to
a height of 138 feet, and was constructed
from the designs of Mr. W. J. Barre. On
the side facing High Street is a statue of the
Prince ; and the tower terminates with a
clock-chamber, open belfry, and spire.
Balmoral. On Craig-lour-achin, one of the*
most beautiful hills near Balmoral, a statue
of Prince Albert stands on the apex of a
pyramid or cairn of rough granite blocks.
The Prince is represented clad in Highland
costume, and bare-headed. His right hand
rests upon the head of a large collie-dog
standing beside him. The inscription con-
tains the following quotation from the
Apocryphal Wisdom of Solomon (chap. iv.
verses 13 and 14) :
" He, being made perfect in a short time,
fulfilled a long time. For his soul pleased the Lord,
therefore hasted He to take him away from among
the wicked."
Lochlee Forest, Braemar. At a spot in
this forest known as Hall o' Craig o' Doon
is a well from which Queen Victoria and
Prince Albert once drank. The eleventh
Earl of Dalhousie, who owned the demesne,
placed over the well a memorial stone,,
bearing the lines :
Rest, traveller, on this lonely green,
And drink and pray for Scotland's queen*
ii s. m. j.. ii, j9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Beneath this couplet is inscribed as follows :
" Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His Royal
Highness the Prince Consort visited this well and
drank of its refreshing waters, the 20th of Septem-
ber, 1860. The Year of Her Majesty's Great
Sorrow."
Balmoral Palace. Over the entrance door
to the great tower is a richly carved panel.
The globose centre is thus inscribed :
This
Castle of Balmoral
was erected by
R.R.H. Prince Albert
Consort of
H.M. Queen Victoria
Begun Sept. 28th 1853
Completed Sept. Istll856
Tenby. On the Castle Hill stands the
Welsh Memorial of Prince Albert. It was
designed and executed by Mr. John Evan
Thomas at a cost of 2,2501. The Prince is
represented in the attire of a field-marshal,
and wearing the regalia of the Order of the
Garter. The statue was unveiled by Prince
Arthur (Duke of Connaught) in 1865. The
inscription is in Welsh.
Wolverhampton. In the centre of Queen's
Square is a bronze equestrian statue of Prince
Albert. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria
on 30 November, 1866.
Liverpool. A bronze equestrian statue of
Prince Albert is in St. George's Place.
On the front of the granite pedestal is in-
scribed :
Albert, Prince Consort
Born 1819, Died 1861.
And on the back :
" This statue of a wise and good Prince was
erected by the Corporation of Liverpool, October,
1800."
It was modelled by Thos. Thornycroft, and
cost 6,000?.
St. Peter Port, Guernsey. A replica of the
statue of Prince Albert formerly in the
gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society,
and now placed near the entrance to the
Royal Albert Hall, London, commemorates
the visit of the Queen and Prince to the
island in August, 1846. It is erected near
the spot where they landed, and represents
the Prince in the robes of the Order of the
Garter. It was cast in copper at a cost of
1,200?.
St. Anne, Alderney. A gateway leading
into the churchyard was " Erected by the
people of Alderney " to commemorate
the visit of the Queen and Prince Albert in
1846. It is inscribed : " Albert, 1846."
Aberdeen. In Union Street, near Union
Bridge, is Marochetti's statue of Prince
Albert. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria
on 13 October, 1863.
The following relate to. other royal',
personages :
Lichfield. On 30 September, 1908, the
Earl of Dartmouth unveiled a statue of
King Edward VII. which had been presented
to the city by Mr. Robert Bridgman, the
sculptor, in commemoration of his year of
office as Sheriff.
Medallion portraits of King Edward and
Queen Alexandra, affixed to the front of
the Lichfield Guildhall, were unveiled on
17 September, 1910.
Hickleton, Yorkshire. In the proximity
of Hickleton Hall, the seat of Viscount Hali-
fax, a King Edward memorial cross has
recently been erected. The cross, which
stands about 20 feet high, is constructed of
Portland stone, with local stone forming the
base. In the centre of the cross itself is
carved on the front a figure of the B. V.
Mary bearing our Lord in her arms, and at
the back are the three lions of England. The
following is inscribed at the base :
" To Edward the Seventh, King of England.
This Cross is erected in memory of the past by
Charles Lindley, Viscount Halifax, his faithful
subject and servant, May 6th, 1910.
" Grant him, O Lord, eternal rest, and let
light perpetual shine upon him."
Alnwick, Northumberland. In the neigh-
bourhood of Alnwick Castle is a pillar in-
scribed as follows :
"William the Lion
King of Scotland
besieging
Alnwick Castle
was here
taken Prisoner
MCLXXIV.
Two or three hundred yards north of the
chapel dedicated to St. Leonard is a cross -
bearing the following inscriptions :
Malcolm III.
King of Scotland
besieging
Alnwick Castle
was slain here,
Nov. 13, An. MXCIII.
K. Malcolm's Cross
decayed by time
was restored by
his descendant
Elizabeth
Duchess of Northumberland
TMDCCLXXIV.
Chislehurst. On Chislehurst Common, .
hard by Camden Place, for some years the
residence of the family of the third Napoleon,
ex-Emperor of the French, is a granite
NOTES AND QUERIES. C n s. m. JAN. u, mi.
cross erected to the memory of the ill-fated
Prince Imperial. On the pedestal are the
following inscriptions :
[Front.]
Napoleon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph,
Prince Imperial,
Killed in Zululand,
1st June, 1879.
[JBflw*.]
" I shall die with a sentiment of profound
gratitude for Her Majesty the Queen of England
;and all the Royal Family, and for the country
where I have received for eight years such
cordial hospitality."
In memory of the Prince Imperial and in
sorrow at his death this cross is erected by the
residents of Chislehurst, 1880.
The first of the latter inscriptions is an
extract from the young Prince's will.
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, \Yarwickshire.
Nicholas Howe's monument, for which
MB. PAGE inquired at 11 S. ii. 243, is situated
an the village of Little Barford, Beds, and
consists of a four-sided pillar about 3 feet
high. The inscription on the sides runs as
follows :
(1) The Poet Rowe was born in this house
1673 (2) Author of Jane Shore sevral Tragedies
and Translator of Lucan (3 ) Master of Polite Learn-
ing and the Classical Authors (4) A secretary of
State To Queen Ann, and Poet Laureate to King
George.
The above information has been kindly
supplied me by Mr. J. H. Alington of Little
Barford, whose grandfather erected the
memorial. He adds :
" The story is that the mother of the poet was
travelling, and that the house (which is now the
end one of a row of joined cottages in which
labourers live) was a wayside inn, where she
lodged at the time of his birth."
W. R. B. PBIDEAUX.
Reform Club.
THE EARLIEST TELEGRAPHY.
ACCORDING to an article by Mr. T. Sturdee
"in The Strand Magazine for October last,
" it was not until 1795, when Lord George
Murray introduced his semaphore system,
that anything like an efficient means of
telegraphic communication was established."
This implies the earlier existence of such
communication ; and that idea is borne out
in an article in the same magazine for
.September by Mr. Bernard Darwin on * Some
Curious Wagers.' That tells of a bet
by the Duke of Queensberry with a Mr.
Edgworth, which could have been won by the
latter if it had not been that, " having in his
mind a system of semaphores, he blurted out
that he didn't mean to rely upon horses."
There is a tantalizing absence of dates from
this anecdote, but conjecturally it is of about
1750 ; and I should be interested to know
whether there is a contemporary description
of any earlier system of telegraphic com-
munication than that which I give below.
In The London Chronicle for 3-6 January,
1767, appeared the following :^
CORSICAN GAZETTE.
Iftolarossa, August 28.
On the 17th of this month, arrived here from
Corte, two English Gentlemen, to embark on
their return to Tuscany. They had been in-
formed at Corte, of an invention by the Abbes
Giulani and Liccia of our province, of a new con-
trivance which they call, 11 Corri&re Volante, The
Flying Courier ; by means of which, notice may
be communicated in a few instants from one
place to another, at the distance of many miles.
The two young Abb6s were here at the arrival of
these Gentlemen, who being desirous to see an
experiment made of the new contrivance, it was
accordingly made on the terrace of this tower,
at the square of Saint Reperata, and the English
Gentlemen were highly satisfied and pleased
with it. Some months ago, when his Excellency
the General was here, a like experiment was made,
at the distance of ten miles, which succeeded
perfectly well. As these English Gentlemen
encouraged the two Abbes to inform the Publick
of their invention, the following account of it is
given, that the Publick may judge of the ad-
vantages to be derived from it.
The FLYING COURIER is a portable machine,
which serves for the purpose of communicating
at the distance of many miles a notice or advice,
as clearly and distinctly, as if a voice was heard,
or it was seen written on a leaf.
To perform this operation, three things are
necessary. 1. That the place from whence the
notice is to be sent, which we shall call A, com-
mand a view of the place to which the notice is
directed, which we shall call B. 2. That at the
place A, there be a machine with a person in-
formed of the notice intended to be communicated
to the place B. 3. That at the place B, there be
another person with a similar machine, in order
to return an answer to the place A, as shall be
necessary.
This operation is not restricted so as only
to communicate intelligence from A to B, but the
instant it is received at B, it may be conveyed to
C, and from C may be conveyed to D, and so on,
although C and D be not seen by A, provided that
at every one of the places there be these machines,
and the persons who perform, know at what
precise time the operation is to be, so that they
may stand in fixed attention. In this manner,
the same notice may fly in a few hours from the
one extremity to the other of a kingdom.
This operation may be performed just now at
the distance of 25 miles from one machine to
another ; and when the machine shall be furnished
with certain springs, Avhich are yet wanting, it
may be done at the distance of 50 miles. It may
n s. in. JAN. 14, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
be done by night, as well as by day, provided
that the air be not charged with a low cloudy
atmosphere, or any other dark vapour.
Although the operation is performed in public,
advice is communicated with the greatest secrecy,
as it can neither be heard nor understood but by
the persons who assist at the machines. Nay, if
he who sends or receives the advice is desirous
to conceal it, even from these persons, there is
a method of doing it freely.
In tine, this operation is performed with great
expedition ; for, in a quarter of an hour may be
communicated a period, containing about two
huadred letters. Add to this, that the machine
situated at the place A not only communicates
advice to the other at the place B, but does not
attempt it before being certain of being heard
at B.
Although so apparently precise, this
description sadly lacks detail concerning the
apparatus employed. Can that detail be
found elsewhere ? ALFRED F. BOBBINS.
SIR JOHN CHANDOS. In ' The Life of the
Black Prince, by the Herald of Sir John
Chandos,' recently edited by Miss Mildred
K. Pope and Miss Eleanor C. Lodge of Oxford
University, and published at the Clarendon
Press (1910), it is stated in the 'Index of
Proper Names,' p. 242, that Sir John
Chandos was " son of Thomas Chandos,
Sheriff of Herefordshire." This is an error
the repetition of which in this important
edition of the Chandos Herald's poem in-
creases the need for its correction.
The great Sir John Chandos, a knight-
founder of the Order of the Garter, Viscount
of St. Sauveur in Normandy, Constable of
Aquitaine, and Seneschal of Poitou, was
son and heir of Sir Edward Chandos, a dis-
tinguished Derbyshire knight. Sir Edward,
who received rewards for his service in the
war with Scotland and for other services
in the early reign of Edward III., was a
constant friend and companion of that king.
Sir John's parentage is correctly stated
in his life in the ' Dictionary of National
Biography,' which expressly cautions the
reader against the above error, and that
authority is, moreover, referred to on p. 242
mentioned above. M. Fillon, who is also
there cited as an authority, and some other
writers had earlier made the mistake of
confusing this Sir John Chandos, the last of
the knightly house of Chandos of Derbyshire,
with another Sir John Chandos, son of the
above Sir Thomas Chandos, and last of
the male line of the baronial house of
Chandos of Herefordshire and Shropshire.
The latter Sir John died within the years
1428-30 (the ' D.N.B.' says 10 Dec., 1428)
without issue, some sixty years after the
death of his renowned kinsman, his sister's
descendants becoming, in the eighteenth
century, Dukes of Chandos.
The knightly family of Chandos of Derby-
shire, sprung from the baronial house, and
seated in the county of Derby for five
generations, is now represented by Chandos-
Pole of Radbourne, through the marriage
in the reign of Richard II. of Peter de la Pole
and Elizabeth, niece and eventual sole
heiress of Sir John Chandos of Radbourne r
the famous warrior. The above Sir Thomas
Chandos was in the King's division at Crecy,
while his contemporary Sir John Chandos
of the Derbyshire branch of the family was
in attendance upon, and fighting beside,
the youthful Prince of Wales, then only
sixteen years old. R. E. E. CHAMBERS.
Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple.
JAMES FORSYTE. The article in the
'D.N.B.' on this Indian traveller needs some
corrections.
Capt. Forsyth joined the Bengal Army
(not the Civil Service) in February, 1857,
after receiving a university education not in
England, but in Scotland. After some
years of military service he was appointed
Assistant Conservator, and acting Conser-
vator of Forests in the Saugor and Nerbudda
Territories. He was subsequently trans-
ferred to the Central Provinces Commission,
and after a time was nominated Settlement
Officer, and then Deputy Commissioner of
Nimar. He joined the Bengal Staff Corps
in 1861, and was promoted to the rank of
captain 20 February, 1869. His book ' The
Highlands of Central India ' contained
accounts of some, but by no means all, of his
travels and explorations in the Central
Provinces. R. E. B.
" ELZE "= ALREADY. ' Glints o' Glen-
gonnar,' by Christina Fraser, recently pub-
lished, consists of a series of sketches illustrat-
ing the life of dwellers in a remote district
of Upper Clydesdale. The writer manifestly
knows her people well, and perhaps the
most fully presented character in her group is
" Easie," the local shopkeeper, an incomer
who has permanently retained certain impres-
sions received in her native parish. Among
these is the use of some words which are un-
familiar to her youthful auditors :
" Easie had twae words she used often, ' elze *
and ' efterhin.' Jf a baker or cadger had come
suner than she expected, she wad say, ' Is that
you, elze ? I didna think it was that time o' day ' ;
or, if we had been sent an erran' an' cam' back
quick, she wad say, * Are ye back, elze ? Juist
rin like a whittret/ If it was something she wad
do later, she wad say'she wad do't efterhin."
26
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. n, 1911.
"Efterhin" or " efterhend," for after-
wards, and "whittret" for weasel, are still in
fairly general use throughout the Lowlands ;
but " elze " in the sense of already is less
commonly known. Indeed, it is questionable
if many who are familiar with the native
speech ever heard it, to say nothing of
including; it in their vocabulary. It is an
interesting survival of the form " ellis " or
*' els," which Jamieson in the ' Scottish
Dictionary ' illustrates by quotations from
Barbour, Gavin Douglas, * Sir Eg;eir,' and
Archbishop Hamiltoun's ' Catechisme ' of
1551. That it signifies " already," and is
distinct from the other " ellis " or " elles,"
which means else or otherwise, there seems to
be no doubt whatever. All Jamieson' s
examples support the distinction. Mr.
Small in his edition of Gavin Douglas either
ignored or discredited this specific meaning,
for he gives it no place in his glossary.
Douglas uses the word in his version of
* ^Eneid ' iv. 135, where the poet describes
Dido's waiting hunter :
Hir fers steid stude stamping, reddy ellis,
Rungeand the fomy goldin bitt jingling.
It might, of course, be suggested that the
word in this instance means " otherwise,"
or " apart from his rider " ; but it seems
better to take it in the sense of the Latin
jam, conveniently rendered in English as
" already."
Mr. Small glosses an example of " ellis "
which occurs in Douglas's * Proloug of the
First Buik of Eneados.' In this curiously
critical and apologetic deliverance the
translator makes it clear that he thinks
liimself unworthy to stand English sponsor
for Virgil, but he reflects that at least one
predecessor has made a disgraceful show,
and he concludes that he is warranted in
offering his experiment. Then he brings the
matter to an issue in this wise :
Thocht sum wald sweir that I the text haue vareit,
Or that I haue this volume quyte myscareit,
Or threip planlie that I <?om neuer neir hand it,
Or that the werk is wers than evir I fand it,
Or 3 it argew Virgile stuide wele befoir,
As now war tyme to schift the wers ouer scoir ;
Ellis haue I said, thair ma be na compair
JBetwixt his versis and my style wlgair.
In his glossary Mr. Small says that
" ellis " in this passage is the A.-S. elles,
and means " else." In view of what pre-
cedes, the interpretation " already " seems
preferable. The translator introduces him-
self by saying that instead of attempting to
counterfeit the precious words of " mast
reuerend Virgill," he is disposed to kneel
when he hears them, and then he strenu-
ously proceeds as follows :
For quhat compair betuix midday and nycht^
Or quhat compare betuix myrknes and lycht,
Or quhat compare is betuix blak and quhyte,
Far gretar diference betuix my blunt endyte
And thi scharp sugurat sang Virgiliane,
Sa wyslie wrocht with neuir ane word in vane,
My waverand wit, my cunnyng feble at all,
My mynd mysty, thir ma nocht myss ane fall.
All this and more shows the exponent's
ostensible attitude, and gives warrant for
his later statement, " Ellis [i.e. already]
haue I said."
Jamieson's commentary on " Ellis, al-
ready," runs thus :
" There is no evidence that A.-S. ealles was ever
used in this sense. Nor have I observed any
cognate term ; unless we view this as originally
Moes.-G. allis, A.-S. eallis, omnino (plenarie,
Benson), used obliquely. The phrase in Virg.
reddy ellis, if thus resolved, would signify ' coin-
pleatly ready.' It merits consideration, that this
is evidently analogous to the formation of the
E. synom. already, q. omnino paratum."
THOMAS BAYNE.
LONGFELLOW ON DTJFRESNY. In Long-
fellow's ' Hyperion ' occurs the following :
" ' After all,' said Flemming, with a sigh,
' poverty is not a crime.' ' But something
worse,' interrupted the Baron ; ' as Dufresny
said when he married his laundress, because he
could not pay her bill. He was the author, as
you know, of the opera ' Lot,' at whose representa-
tion the great pun was made. I say the great
pun, as we say the great Tun of Heidelberg. As
one of the performers was singing the line,
' V amour a vaincu Loth* (vingt culottes), a voice
from the pit cried out ' Qu'il en donne une li
fauteur / ' "
A few days after the publication in The
Gentleman's Magazine (March, 1895) of my
article ' Moliere on the Stage,' describing the
numerous plays founded on incidents of the
great French dramatist's life, I received a
letter from a former contributor to ' N. & Q.,'
the late Dr. Paul Q. Karkeek of Torquay,
asking me for information about Dufresny 's
opera. He said he had been trying for years
to obtain a copy of the work mentioned by
Longfellow, but had not been successful. I
had never heard of such a work, and it is
certainly not in any of the editions of
Dufresny's collected plays. The only play
of Dufresny's bearing some resemblance to
the title of ' Lot,' I could suggest, was * Le
Lot suppos6 ; ou, La Coquette de Village ' ;
but it is a comedy, and there are no songs of
any kind in it. There is no mention of a
play or opera called ' Lot ' in the 'Anecdotes
dramatiques (contenant le Titre de toutes
nos Pieces de Theatre, depuis 1'origine des
us. m. JAN. u, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
Spectacles en France),' the best compilation
of the kind published in the eighteenth
century ; and it has no place among the
operas in Flix Clement's * Dictionnaire des
Operas,' issued near the end of the nine-
teenth century.
In October of the same year I went over to
Paris for a few days, and met the late M.
Victorien Sardou at the Cafe" Tortoni, on the
Boulevard des Italiens, after he had been
attending a rehearsal of a new play at one
of the theatres close by. In the course of
our conversation I mentioned to him the
passage in Longfellow's ' Hyperion.' M.
Sardou smiled, and said he had been asked
the same question by many American
visitors who had been introduced to him,
and he had received several letters on the
subject from unknown admirers in the
United States. He had come to the con-
clusion that it was one of the few literary sins
the charming American poet would have
to answer for at the Day of Judgment.
Perhaps some reader of ' N. & Q.' can give
information about a work of Dufresny
which has eluded the search of Dr. Karkeek,
M. Sardou, and myself. It is true that
Dufresny married as his second wife a
laundress, and Le Sage has made this one
of the incidents of his novel * Le Diable
Boiteux.' Dufresny, however, was by no
means the literary martyr one would suppose
on reading Longfellow's ' Hyperion.' As
the Abb6 de Castres said : "II avoit deux
passions qui devoroinent tout, 1' amour de la
table et celui des femmes."
ANDBEW DE TEBNANT.
25, Speenham Road, Brixton, S.W.
WE must request corresp9ndents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
SOPHIE DAWES, BABONNE DE FEUCHEBES
Will some correspondent refer me to the
fullest account of the life of this notorious
person before she met the Due de Bourbon,
and after his death when she returned to
England ? I already have a full account
of her extraordinary life in France, and I am
most anxious to get more particulars of her
English career, parentage, childhood, and
her life in Hants and in London on her
return to England. The ' D.N.B.' states
that she died in Hyde Park Square, 2 Janu-
ary, 1841, and that she had also a house in
Hampshire. I should like to know where
she lived in that county. From documents
in Somerset House I find that she died at
Great Cumberland Street on 15 December,
1840. It is known that Baron Gerard
painted two portraits of her in 1829 and
1830. I much wish to trace these portraits,
and any other portrait of her, if such exists.
She was born in St. Helens, Isle of Wight,
the year being variously stated as 1785,
1790, and 1792. Letters of administration
were granted in February, 1843, to James
Daw or Dawes of St. Helen's, Isle of Wight,
Mary Ann Clark of 5, Hyde Park Square,
and Charlotte Thanaron, resident in
France, her brother and sisters, who in-
herited most of her great wealth. Is any-
thing known of them or their descendants ?
JOHN LANE.
Miss WYKEHAM, BABONESS WENMAN.
Can any reader direct my attention to the
best account of Miss Wykeham, to whom the
Duke of Clarence is said to have proposed so
many times ?
Sophia Elizabeth was the only child of
William Richard Wykeham of Swalcliffe.
She inherited from her grandmother (Hon.
Sophia Wenman) all Lord Wenman's
estates in Oxfordshire, including Thame
Park. The Duke of Clarence afterwards
William IV. was reported to have proposed
to her in 1818. He subsequently created
her Baroness Wenman, 3 June, 1834. She
died unmarried 9 August, 1870.
I should also like to know who her repre-
sentatives are, and if there is any portrait
of her in existence ; one would like to see
the portrait of the lady who so persistently
refused to be Queen of England.
JOHN LANE.
Vigo Street, W.
ALDEBMAN WILCOX. Who was this ?
Mr. Seccombe in his article on Titus Oates
in ' Diet. Nat. Biog.' (xli. 300) writes of
" a dinner given by Alderman Wilcox in
the city in the summer of 1680," at which
Oates and Tonge " disputed their respective
claims to the proprietorship of the plot."
It is certain that no person named Wilcox
has ever been elected an Alderman of Lon-
don, at any rate since the end of the thir-
teenth century, nor is such a name preserved
amongst those returned to the Court of
Aldermen by the wards for the Court's
final choice. I imagine the person referred
to must have been the " John Wilcox,
brewer," elected Sheiiff of London on
28 July, 1673, who " fined off " immediately,
NOTES AND QUERIES. ,[u s. in. JAN. u, mi.
a successor being chosen on 1 August (City
Records, Journal 47, fo. 284). Can any
reader of ' N. & Q.' tell me anything more
about him ? ALFRED B. BEAVEN.
Greyfriars, Leamington.
BENJAMIN D' ISRAELI OF DUBLIN. What
relation was Benjamin D' Israeli of the city
of Dublin, notary public about the end of
the eighteenth century, to Lord Beacons -
field, and what is known of his career ? I
believe he left money to some Irish charities.
J. T.
Dublin.
TEESDALE LEGION. Can any of your
readers assist me to find particulars about
a volunteer corps called the Teesdale Legion ?
It existed in the south of co. Durham
some time during the latter part of the
eighteenth century or the first few years of
the nineteenth. W. L. VANE.
Thornfield, Darlington.
CAPT. WITH AM AND THE SIEGE OF GIBRAL-
TAR. In 'England's Artillerymen,' by
J. A. Browne, published in 1865, the follow-
ing passage occurs in reference to the sortie
of the garrison in November, 1781, during the
great siege of Gibraltar :
" Two Spanish Officers were taken prisoners.
One, a Lieutenant, was taken in the middle of the
battery by Capt. Witham, of the Royal Artillery,
who commanded the detachment of the Corps
out upon this service. The Spanish Officer was
armed with a drawn sword, when Capt. Witham,
with a fire-brand only in his hand, -seized him
by the sword arm, and in Spanish demanded the
key of the magazine of that battery. The Lieu-
tenant, Don Vincente Friza, replied, ' Todo es
Bombas ' (the whole is a magazine), and gave
up his sword."
Can any one give the authority for this
story ? The author of the book does not
remember from what source he obtained it.
The present representatives of the Witham
family possess a seal with the motto " Todo
es Bombas " upon it, which confirms the
existence of the story.
Ancell and Spilsbury refer to the incident,
but no one else, as far as I know, mentions
the " Todo es bombas " part of the story.
Bomba means a " shell." J. H. LESLIE.
Dykes Hall, Sheffield.
GRANGE COURT, ST. CLEMENT DANES.
Can any one tell me if there is a record or
list of the solicitors who lived in the above
court between 1730 and 1750 ? Information
is wanted about Edmund Combe, de-
scribed as of Grange Court, and Hartley
- Wintney, Hants. T. R. M.
THACKERAY AND PUGILISM. The article
on * Pugilism ' in ' Chambers' s Encyclo-
paedia,' 1901, vol. viii. p. 486, says*.
' Thackeray .... devoted one of his ' Round-
about Papers ' to the fight between Sayers
and Heenan." Where did this originally
appear ? Has it been reprinted ?
Also, in Temple Bar for January, 1864,
under the heading of ' The Millers and their
Men ' appeared a most racily - written
account of the fight between Heenan and
Tom King, signed "P." I should be glad
to know the author's name, and if he wrote
any more * Idylls of the Ring.' H. P.
[See Mr. Lewis Melville's useful ' Bibliography '
in his ' Thackeray : a Biography ' (Lane, 1909).
The account desired is No. 1062 in the list:
" Roundabout Papers. V. On Some Late Great
Victories. With an Illustration. Cornhill Maga-
zine, June, 1860 ; vol. i. pp. 755-60."]
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE. About
twenty years ago Mr. Chas. P. Johnson said
in The Athenaeum that he had acquired a
playbill of a piece called ' Jeames, the Rail-
road Footman of Berkeley Square,' which
was produced at the Theatre Royal, Liver,
Church Street (Liverpool), 13 July, 1846.
I shall be glad if any one will put me in
communication with Mr. Johnson if he is
still alive. S. J. ADAIR FITZ-GERALD.
8, Lancaster Road, Bowes Park, N.
THOMAS JAMES THACKERAY. This rather
versatile writer and adapter of plays seems
to have " flourished " between 1826 and
1854. Two of his plays are ' The Barber
Baron,' from the French (through the Ger-
man), Theatre Royal, Haymarket, 8 Sep-
tember, 1828, and ' The Force of Nature/
same theatre, 4 August, 1830. He also
wrote and lectured about rifle shooting.
The ' D.N.B.' is silent as to his career.
Was he in any way related to W. M. Thacke-
ray ? S. J. A. F.
"OR. GOLDSMITH, B.A." I have before
me a copy of ' The Canterbury Tales of
Chaucer, to which are added an Essay upon
his Language,' &c. (by T. Tyrwhitt), pub-
lished in 4 vols., small 8vo, by T. Payne,
London, 1775. The title-pages of yols. i.
and ii. respectively bear the following inscrip-
tions in a contemporary clerkly hand (cer-
tainly not that of the author of ' The
Vicar of Wakefield'): vol. i., "the Gift
of O r Goldsmith to Edw d . Bratt"; vol. ii.,
"The Gift of O. Goldsmith, B.A., to M r
Edward Bratt." As Dr. Oliver Goldsmith
died in April, 1774, it seems difficult to
identify him with " O. Goldsmith, B.A." ;
us. in. JAN. M, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
but if not, who was the donor, and who
was his friend Edward Bratt ? It has
occurred to me that the first two volumes
may have been published before the other
two, early in 1774, but, it being foreseen that
the work could not be completed until 1775,
they were postdated. As the two inscrip-
tions do not exactly correspond, the two
volumes were not probably issued together.
If this hypothesis be correct, the books may
have been sent, and inscribed by the
publisher, at the donor's request.
Unfortunately, no entry of this edition
of Chaucer is to be found in the Register of
the Stationers' Company, so the actual date
of publication cannot be ascertained ; but
the work was noticed in Gent. Mag. for
March, 1775. Can any of your readers help
me to clear up these points ?
J. S. ATTWOOD.
Reading.
MONTAGU GERHARD DRAKE was admitted
on the foundation at Westminster School in
1725, and died young. He is described in
the parentelce of that year as the son of
William Drake, " Abberburiae," co. Oxford.
I should be glad to obtain further particulars
of his parentage, and the date of his death.
G. F. R. B.
RICHARD HEYLIN was elected from West-
minster School to Christ Church, Oxford,
in 1644. I should be glad to ascertain
anything about him. In the last edition
of Welch's ' Alumni Westmonasterienses ' he
is erroneously identified with Richard Heylin,
Canon of Christ Church, who died 26 April,
1669, aged 72. G. F. R. B.
WILLIAM JOSEPH LOCKWOOD is stated in
' Burke' s Landed Gentry ' to have been
" shot blind by the mob at Westminster
School," where he was admitted 1 Feb.,
1773. Where can any account of this
occurrence be found ? I should be glad also
to obtain the respective dates of his birth
and death. G. F. R. B.
THOMAS CORYAT AND WESTMINSTER
SCHOOL. What ground has Mr. John W.
Cousin for saying in * A Short Biographical
Dictionary of English Literature ' (" Every-
man's Library," 1910) that Coryat (1577-
1617) was educated at Westminster and
Oxford ? The ' D.N.B.' and the * Pub-
lishers' Note ' to ' Coryat's Crudities '
(MacLehose & Son, 1905) both state that
he entered Gloucester Hall, Oxford, in 1596,
but are silent as to his earlier education.
URLLAD.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Captives of his (or my) bow and spear.
(Rev.) S. SLADEN.
63, Ridgmount Gardens, W.C.
" The penalty of not taking an interest in
the Government you are under is to live under the
government of bad men."
Quoted in 'The Citizen's Handbook,'
prepared by a Committee of the Enfield
Public Welfare Association.
T. F. HUSBAND.
" TEETOTAL " : EARLY USE. (See 8 S.
xi. 384; xii. 74, 154.) Mr. F. W. Cornish
writes in his * English Church in the Nine-
teenth Century' (1910: at II. v. 97):
" In February, 1830, the ' Bradford Society for
Promoting Temperance,' the first society to which
the name ' Teetotal ' (i.e. ' total ') was given, was
founded by Henry Forbes."
Can information be given as to when Dicky
Turner's word migrated to Yorkshire in this
way ? Q. V.
HACKNEY AND TOM HOOD. In a very
amusing letter of Tom Hood's (quoted in
Walter Jerrold's biography), the poet
describes his adventures in Hackney. He
had been invited to a ball, and just when
(as he humorously parodies Sir Walter, I
think)
Hackney had gathered then
Her beauty and her chivalry all bright,
And there were well-dressed women and brave men,
a chimneystack was blown down and hurled
through the house, which stood close to a
private asylum. Can any one identify the
persons and the locality for us ? Who was
proprietor of the madhouse ?
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
Percy House, South Hackney.
Miss PASTRANA. In a foreign dealer's
recent catalogue I find this once famous
lady described as " Miss Julia Pastrana, the
well-known bearded Mexican danseuse.
Middle of last century." Were there two
ladies of that name and fame ? I dis-
tinctly remember having seen as a small boy
an exceedingly ugly, monkey-like creature,
but she performed in a circus on a regula-
tion " paste-board " strapped on the back
of the usual plump grey cob, and jumped
through hoops, over ribbons, &c.
L. L. K.
LADY ELIZABETH PRESTON, FIRST
DUCHESS OF ORMONDE. I should be grateful
for information of any existing portrait
of this lady, who is frequently mentioned by
30
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. u, 1911.
Lady Fanshawe in her memoirs. Lord
Ormonde has informed me that there is no
picture of her in his possession, and I have
been unable to trace one anywhere else.
H. C. FANSHAWE.
72, Philbeach Gardens, S.W.
COUNTY COATS OF ARMS : ARMS OF Co.
SOMERSET. Would any reader who is
interested in heraldry inform me whether
each county in England possesses a coat of
arms, and what the arms of the county of
Somerset are ? BLADUD.
[County badges were discussed at length at
7 S. i., ii., iii., and viii.]
CORONER OF THE VERGE. When was this
royal office abolished, and what were the
duties attached to it ? I do not find it
mentioned in John Chamberlayne's * Present
State of Britain,' 1723 ; but in Cowel's
* Interpreter ' it is thus noticed, s.v.
* Coroner ' :
" Note, there be certain special Coroners within
divers Liberties, as well as those ordinary Officers
in every County, as the Coroner of the Verge, which
is a certain compass about the King's Court, whom
Cromp, in his * Jurisd.,' fol. 102, calleth the Coroner
of the King's House, of whose Authority, see Co.
Rep. fol. 4, lib, 46."
I believe that a verge, as used in the royal
household, was a stick or rod whereby a
person was admitted tenant to a lord of the
manor. In The Weekly Journal of 5 October,
1723, is the following paragraph, illustrating
perhaps a late usage of the office :
" Mr. White, the present Coroner of the Verge of
his Majesty's Houshold, is appointed, by the Dean
and Chapter of Westminster, to be Coroner for that
City and^ Liberty, in the Room of Mr. Turton,
J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL.
CROWE FAMILIES OF NORFOLK AND SUF-
FOLK. Carthew's ' Hundred of Launditch '
contains a pedigree of Crowes from the
fifteenth century to the eighteenth. Arms :
a gyronny of eight sable and or ; on a chief
of the first, two leopards' faces of the second
(granted 1614). There was also a Suffolk
family of the name who bore Gules, a
chevron between three cocks arg. (granted
1584). Information is desired in continua-
tion of Carthew's pedigree, also generally
about the Suffolk family. Are there any
representatives of either now living ?
There were two mayors of Norwich at the
end of the eighteenth century, James and
William Crowe of Lakenham, who bore the
former arms. Can any reader tell me
who they were ? W. ROBERTS CROW.
POOR SOULS' LIGHT :
" TOTENLATERNE."
(US. ii. 448.)
THE query by J. D. refers to a very interest-
ing subject, on which there is plenty of litera-
ture, with about fifteen theories of explana-
tion, but no single one is satisfactory in every
case. I have a large quantity of material,
but I want what is often difficult, and in
many cases impossible, to get evidence
on certain points to elucidate a certain
theory. In this respect J. D., while giving
to me at all events something new, omits
what is important evidence, probably from
want of knowledge of the literature on the
subject, which has engaged my attention
for some years.
Let me state my position as clearly as I
can, not only as a help to J. D., but also to
obtain evidence one way or the other as to
my theory. .
There are several peculiarities in ch urches,
not only in Great Britain, but also on the
Continent, and not confined to Protestant or
Roman Catholic edifices, which I have
treated as local manifestations of a general
controlling principle.
1. The axial line of the nave does not
always coincide with that of the chancel,
there being a greater or less deflection of the
latter to north or south. There are four
theories to account for this.
2. There are certain perforations in the
walls of churches, outer or inner, or both,
which have been called Low Side Windows,
though a few are High ; Leper Windows,
Lychnoscopes, Hagioscopes, and the old
English word Squint, which is more descrip-
tive than any other, and commits us to no
theory. They are mostly rectangular and
narrow, but some are oval or round. Some
are square with the wall, but generally they
are aslant and splayed. They all have a
common characteristic, whatever their shape
or size or position their axial line points to
the high altar. There are, as I have said,
fifteen explanations of these openings, not
one of which is satisfactory in every case.
To these I have ventured to add another,
and for it I am collecting evidence. My
theory is that these openings are connected
with orientation. To give full references
would take half a number of * N. & Q.,'
and to many readers they would be un-
n s. in. JAN. 14, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
necessary, the subject having been discussed
in previous volumes.
As a guide to J. D. and others, it may be
permissible to say that for deflection of
chancels, see 2 S. xi. 55 ; 10 S. viii. 392 ;
Seroux d'Agincouit, ' History of Art by
its Monuments,' vol. ii., pi. xiv., xvii. ;
vol. iii. pi. xxvii., xcviii., cxxxiv., cliv. ;
Lasham, * Three Surrey Churches,' pp. 88-
109 ; Planche, * A Corner of Kent,'
pp. 410-12 ; Atkinson, ' Memorials of Old
Whitby,' pp. 104, 110, 124, 126, 129, 147-8,
149-51.
For the other points see 2 S. x. 68, 118,
253, 312, 357, 393 ; xi. 34, 55, 412 ; 7 S. i.
387, 435 ; vii. 251, 470 ; Arch. Journal,
iii. 299, 308 ; iv. 314-26 ; The Reliquary,
ix. 9-16 ; The Ecclesiologist, New Series,
vii. 65-75, 101-2, 141-2; viii. 166-71,
288-90, 374-5; ix. 113-17, 187-9, 252-3,
348-52.
It would assist materially if J. D. could
supply a fuller description of the two
churches he mentions, or give references to
where descriptions can be obtained. For
instance, according to a gazetteer I con-
sulted, there are about a dozen Rothenburgs
in Germany and Switzerland.
A. RHODES.
[We cannot afford space for the further dis-
cussion of such a wide subject, but will forward
any letters to MR. RHODES.]
When I was visiting Garway Church in
Herefordshire several years ago, an opening
high up in the wall of the part connecting the
church with the tower was pointed out to
me as an example of a "poor souls' light."
R. B R.
South Shields.
Father Thurston, S. J., in ' The Catholic
Encyclopaedia,' iii. 507, writes :
" A curious feature found in many churchyards
from the twelfth to the fourteenth century,
especially in France, is the so-called lanterne (fes
worts, a stone erection sometimes 20 or 30 feet
high, surmounted by a lantern, and presenting a
general resemblance to a small lighthouse. The
lantern seems to have been lighted only on certain
feasts or vigils, and in particular on All Souls'
Day. An altar is commonly found at the foot
of the column. Various theories have been
suggested to explain these remarkable objects,
but no one of them can be considered satisfactory."
One may compare the French and Italian
custom of putting lighted candles on graves
on All Souls' Eve.
Mr. Leopold Wagner, in his ' Manners,
Customs, and Observances,' p. 270, states
that in the time of the Druids the ancient
Irish prayed to Saman, the Lord of Death, in
front of their lighted candles, for the souls
of their departed relatives. Father Thurston
in ' The Catholic Encyclopaedia,' iii. 247,
says : "St. Cyprian in 258 was buried
proelucentibus ceris"
At the present day, at all solemn Requiem
Masses, lighted tapers are held in the hands
of some or all of those who assist, both among
those who follow the Byzantine Rite and
among those who follow the Latin.
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
Mueller and Mothes in their (German)
* Archaeological Dictionary,' s.v. ' Todten-
leuchte,' quote the following passage from
Petrus Venerabilis (died 1156) to explain the
use of these lights :
" Obtinet medium cimeterii locum structura
qusedam lapidea, habens in summitate sua quanti-
tatem unius lampadis coparum quse ob reverentiam
fidelium ibi quiescentium totis noctibus fulgore
suo locum ilium sacratum illustrat."
According to the same authors, such
lights were either burnt on isolated columns
or in stone lamps attached to church walls.
Examples of the former kind are still extant
in France (12th century) and Germany (13th
to 16th centuries). In Germany their use
was abandoned about the latter date.
Illustrations are given in the book of an
isolated light in Freistadt (Upper Austria)
dating from about A.D. 1488, and of an
attached lantern against the wall of St.
Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (A.D. 1502).
Other examples mentioned are those at
Schulpforta (13th century), Regensburg
(Cathedral, 14th century), and Klosterneu-
burg (A.D. 1381), the last being about 30 feet
high. Others are to be found in Austria
and Westphalia, but the localities are not
given.
Tapers and lamps are nowadays stUl burnt
on graves in Roman Catholic cemeteries on
the Continent, but only on one evening in
the year, viz., on All Souls' Eve. L. L. K.
In a very few remote Roman Catholic
villages in Germany, e.g., in Westphalia, a
" Totenlaterne " is lighted when a child
dies. At the funeral the " Totenlaterne" is
carried before the coffin to the graveside.
When the burial service is over, the " Toten-
laterne " is brought back to its place in the
church and then extinguished. The Roman
Catholic priest to whom I owe this informa-
tion thought that nothing definite was
known of the origin of this rare and almost
forgotten rural usage.
NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. HI. JAN. u, 1911.
A " Totenlaterne " is to be distinguished
from an " Ewige Lampe." An " Ewige
Lampe " is lighted and placed before the
picture of a deceased near relation. The
praying before the " Eternal Lamp " has
the same object as the reading of masses for
the souls of the departed, i.e., the hope of
shortening the time the departed has to
spend in Purgatory. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
In June last, when looking at some of the
old tombstones in the cemetery of Linz,
a picturesque little town on the Rhine near
the Drachenfels, I noticed small lamps
burning before some of the graves.
J. R. THORNE.
EARLY GRADUATION : GILBERT BTJRNET,
JOHN BALFOUR (11 S. ii. 427). MR. P. J.
ANDERSON, after instancing the case of a
student who graduated at Aberdeen when
just under thirteen years and six months
old, asks whether that record can be broken.
It can. A southern university has seen an
example of still greater precocity.
William Wotton of St. Catharine's College,
Cambridge, afterwards Fellow of St. John's,
who was born on 13 August, 1666, was
" only twelve years and five months old
when he commenced Bachelor in January "
[1679] (' Hist, of St. Cath. College,' by Dr.
G. Forrest Browne, Bishop of Bristol).
Although at this early age a year one way or
the other makes a real difference, there is
some discrepancy among writers who have
referred to Wotton' s juvenile success. J. H.
Monk in his ' Life of Richard Bentley,'
vol. i. p. 10, 2nd ed., speaks of Wotton at the
time of his degree as " a boy of thirteen."
The ' D.N.B.' life of Bentley, by Sir Richard
Jebb, says that Wotton " became a bachelor
of arts at the age of fourteen." The pub-
lished lists of ' Graduati Cantabrigienses '
from 1659 to 1787 and from 1659 to 1823 give
1679 as the year in which Bentley as well as
Wotton graduated. Now Bentley, who as
an undergraduate was Wotton's contem-
porary, appears to have taken his degree
on 23 January, 1680. Can January, 1679,
when Wotton became a B. A., be the historical
year 1680 ? In either case, it may be
observed, Wotton was younger than John
Balfour when he proceeded to his first
degree. Nor was Wotton without distinction
in later life. Sir H. Craik treats him with
singular harshness in his ' Life of Jonathan
.Swift,' 1882, p. 66: "He faded into a
maturity of eccentric and licentious nonen-
ity." Dr. Norman Moore in ' D.N.B.'
^ives a far juster estimate. One piece of
eccentricity at least should be remembered
to his credit. An Englishman holding
a benefice in Wales, Wotton learnt the
anguage of ^ the country and published a
Welsh sermon. EDWARD BENSLY.
COLANI AND THE REFORMATION (US. ii.
488). Though born in France, Timothee
Colani (1824-88) received his" religious
education in Germany, and subsequently
settled at Geneva, where he assisted in the
publication of a paper called La Reformation
au dix-neuvieme Siecle. As a college thesis
he had already written a vindication of
Christianity against the views contained in
Strauss's * Life of Jesus.' In 1850 he
adopted the German critical method of
inquiry, and with Scherer and other theo-
logians founded the Revue de Theologie,
which at once created a stir among French
Protestants, and led to the formation of the
Nouvelle Ecole, or liberal party in that
Church, of which party Colani became the
acknowledged leader. He undertook a
vigorous campaign against religious despot-
ism, publishing at different times several
important tracts, besides writing critical
articles on eclecticism and the philosophy of
Leibnitz, Kant, and Hegel.
As a preacher he suffered much from the
attacks of the orthodox French Protestants.
In 1864 he was appointed to the Chair of
Theology at Strassburg ; but after the war of
1870 he removed to Paris and devoted
himself to literary pursuits, becoming
Librarian of the Sorbonne. His other works
include some volumes of sermons, a review
of Renan's ' Vie de Jesus,' and in particular
his own ' Jesus Christ et les croyances
messianiques de son temps.' His religious
opinions underwent material change at
different stages of his career. For details
see the articles in Brockhaus and Larousse.
N. W. HILL.
Timothee Colani' s ' Exposition critique
sur la philosophie de la religion de Kant '
was printed as his thesis in 1846. His first
two sermons, which appeared in 1856, were
" L' Individualism^ Chretien ' and ' Le Sacer-
doce Universel.' The ' Premier et Deuxieme
Recueil ' of sermons in French, mostly
delivered at Strasburg (but some of them
at Nimes), were printed in 1860 in 2 vols.,
a copy of which I have before me. They
were translated, with the author's sanction,
by A. V. Richard into German, and printed
at Dresden, under the title ' Predigten in
n s. in. JAN. 14, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Strassburg gehalten,' as well as his " Zwei
Vortrage iiber das allgemeine Priestertum
und die Protestantische Erziehung, aus dem
Franzosischen nach der 2 Aufl. iibersetzt
von Aug. Vicfc. Richard," Dresden, 1858.
H. KREBS.
See L. B. Phillips's 'Dictionary of Bio-
graphical Reference.' EDWARD BENSLY.
HENRY OF NAVARRE AND THE THREE-
HANDLED CUP (US. ii. 408, 457). In the
Suermondt Museum in Aachen are two
specimens of Raeren pottery made before
the birth of the Emperor Charles V. in 1500,
or at any rate during his childhood. As
both of these are three-handled, and as the
Raeren usage of making cups, or rather jugs
(Kriige), with three handles, is certainly
older than the existing specimens of
Steinzeug, it would seem that the story
about Charles V. and the three-handled
cup quoted by MR. HOWARD PEARSON from
Mr. Solon's ' Art Stoneware ' is a popular
attempt at explaining the origin of this
peculiarity of the " Raerener Steinzeug."
Steinzeug, for which there is no English word,
is a kind of stoneware, but made of a much
harder clay which cannot be melted. The
two objects made of Steinzeug older than
Charles V. are :
1. A three-handled jug with bearded faces
between each of the three handles. This
Raeren jug is certainly not later than 1500.
Its great age may be seen by its rough make
and its awkward form. Besides the speci-
men in the Aachen Museum, there is one
exactly like it in the Cologne Museum, which
may be seen in Otto von Falke's excellent
book on * Das rheinische Steinzeug,' vol. ii.
p. 4.
2. A funnel-shaped brown cup with three
small handles. There is another specimen
of the same pattern in the Hetjens Collec-
tion described in Falke's work, vol. ii. p. 5.
In the Suermondt Museum are three other
three-handled jugs, good specimens of Raeren
pottery, but of later date than the two
mentioned above. These jugs made of
Steinzeug are : 1. Three-handled jug of the
first half of the sixteenth century. 2. Three -
handled jug of the second half of the six-
teenth century. 3. Three-handled jug dated
1596, with grey glazing. On it are the arms
of Wilhelm von Nesselrode and of his wife
Wilhelmine von Stadthagen. The family
of Nesselrode is one of the oldest Rhenish
families, and still exists. From the middle
of the seventeenth century till the eighties
of the nineteenth the Raeren potters pro-
duced nothing of any value.
Raeren (pronounced Raren, older form
Roren) Was formerly in the Duchy of Lim-
burg, and is now a village with about 4,000
inhabitants in Rhenish Prussia. It consists
of a lower and upper village, and lies between
Aachen and Eupen, with both of which towns
it is connected by an electric tramway. Here
a peculiar kind of Low German is spoken,
called " Raerener Platt," which is quite
different from " Aachener Platt " or from
" Eupener Platt." Although Raeren was
formerly in the Duchy of Limburg, the
" Raerener " have, partly for linguistic
reasons, always looked upon themselves as
Germans. The Raeren potters in order
to make their wares more acceptable in the
Low Countries, their chief customers, some-
times used to put on their jugs Flemish in-
scriptions, with which language they were
not unacquainted. This fact led some
writers to assume without warrant that
the remaining inscriptions, which were in
" Raerener Platt," were also Flemish. For
this reason, and also because the first speci-
mens of " Raerener Steinzeug " were sold in.
the Low Countries, some writers have
exaggerated the certainly very small Flemish
influence in Raeren pottery and in Rhenish
pottery as a whole, which also includes
that of Cologne-Frechen, Siegburg, and
Westerwald. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
GORDONS AT WESTMINSTER SCHOOL (US.
ii. 389, 437). ' The Clerical Guide ' for
1829, printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington,
mentions four William Gordons, one of whom
is in all probability the person G. F. R. B. is
inquiring about.
William Gordon, M.A. (No. 1), was the
Prebendary of Offley's vicar in Lichfield
Cathedral.
No. 2 was appointed Rector of Spaxton,
Somerset, in 1820, the patron of the living
at that time being the Rev. Wm. Gordon.
No. 3 was in 1789 appointed perpetual
curate of Darlington by the Marquis of
Cleveland.
No. 4 became Rector of Speldhurst, Kent,,
in 1816, the patron of the living being
Robert Burgess, Esq.
John Gordon was in 1825, according to
The Clerical Guide ' for 1829, appointed
to the Vicarage of Bierton, with Buckland
Curacy and Stoke Mandeville Curacy, Bucks,
by the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln ; and
in 1827 to the Rectory of St. Antholin and
34
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. in. JAN. u, ML
St. John Baptist, Watling Street, London,
by the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's.
According to Lipscomb's ' History of Bucks,'
published in 1847, he held the Bucks livings
for two years only, his successor Thomas
Smith, B.D., being appointed Vicar of
Bierton, &c., in 1827. It does not mention
how the living became vacant. The infor-
mation in ' The Clerical Guide ' for 1829 was
evidently not brought well up to date,
although in an advertisement at the begin-
ning of the work, dated 23 March, 1829, the
proprietors offer their best acknowledgments
to the numerous gentlemen who have sup-
plied them with information of the changes
and alterations that had taken place since
the publication of the second edition.
L. EL CHAMBEBS.
. Amersham.
SIB WALTER RALEIGH AND TOBACCO
(US. ii. 489). See Arber's reprint of King
James I.'s ' Counterblaste to Tobacco '
(pp. 81-94), where the whole story of the
introduction of tobacco into England is told.
The earliest known authority for the
Raleigh story is The British Apollo, in the
43rd number of the first volume of which
(published 7 July, 1708) it occurs. The
story had previously been told of Tarleton
and an anonymous Welshman. In their case
the extinguisher employed was water in
Raleigh's, ale. The British Mercury intro-
duces the story by the statement that Raleigh
was the first person who brought tobacco-
smoking into use in England, which is not
true. The probability is that, so far as he
is concerned at any rate, the story is equally
untrue. C. C. B.
Small beer was the ingredient employed
by Sir Walter Raleigh's servant to extinguish
his master's apparently combustible ten-
dencies. The story is said to have been a
stock jest with Elizabethan and later dra-
matists, and appears in various' guises. It is
related in Adams's ' Elegant Anecdotes and
Bons-Mots,' London, 1790, p. 113.
W. SCOTT.
* YOUNG FOLKS' (11 S. ii. 450, 511).
It is extremely interesting bo find this publi-
cation being so pleasantly recalled by many.
I have a specially kindly recollection of it
in respect that it was the first periodical
that, as a small boy, I bought, in 1873, and
continued to buy for some years. It was
then the Young Folks Budget, and its
special charm at that time lay in the ad-
ventures of " Tim Pippin " and Princess
Primrose, a story written by " Roland Quiz "
(Richard Quittenton), illustrated with wood-
cuts by John Proctor. The periodical is
now very difficult to come by, for remark-
ably few copies seem to have been preserved.
Although I have tried to obtain it, I have
been unsuccessful so far, and have had to be
content with a reprint, which is different.
R. L. Stevenson's connexion with the
periodical was due to the late Alexander
H. Japp, and has been set down once for all
by Dr. Japp in his ' Robert Louis Stevenson :
a Record, an Estimate, and a Memorial.'
(The writing of the story is told by Steven-
son himself in the section * My First Book,' in
' Essays in the Art of Writing.') The story
was written by Stevenson while he was
resident at The Cottage, Braemar, in 1881.
Japp visited him there, and carried off to
London a portion of the manuscript of ' The
Sea Cook ' (as the story was then named),
and showed it to Henderson, proprietor of
the Young Folks Budget not the Young
Folks Paper, as Japp calls it, unless the
name had been changed.
The details of the matter are, of course,
too weil known to call for further remark.
It may not be so well known, however, that
in June, 1910, a polished granite memorial
slab was placed on The Cottage, Braemar,
bearing the inscription :
" Here K. L. Stevenson spent the summer of
1881, and wrote ' Treasure Island,' his first great
work."
The credit of erecting this memorial of a
character of which we have so few in this
part of the country is due to the Braemar
Mutual Improvement Association. The
Cottage stands at the south end of what is
known as Castleton Terrace, Braemar.
G. M. FBASEB.
Public Library, Aberdeen.
Young Folks Paper, to give it its full name,
continued to be published weekly till some
time early in 1891, when it changed its
appearance and name, and was continued
under the title of Old and Young. Old and
Young appeared till towards the end of 1896.
The last number was dated either 24 or 31
October in that year, its place being taken
by Folks at Home, a paper which, under a
different guise, contained most of the familiar
features of Old and Young. Folks at
Home died in the spring of 1897, and had no
successor. G. L. APPEBSON.
ITINEBANT TAILOBS (US. ii. 505). I well
remember one. of these who, sixty odd years
ago, came to " our house," mended up my
father's clothes, made two or three " pairs
of gaiters," and cut out from cloth bought
ii s. in. JAN. u, i9ii.i NOTES AND QUERIES.
in Derby a couple of suits for him, taking
to do it the best part of a week. We had
him seated on a big table in the kitchen-place,
and as he went on a good eye was kept on
" the cabbage " he made, for it was an article
of faith with all that the tailor "cabbaged"
all that he possibly could. There was not a
village which could support a tailor.
It was different with the cobbler, one being
able to do all that was needful in patching,
soleing, and heeling, as well as making for
a couple of villages. Women needed but
little " in shoe and leather," for all rough
work, indoor and outdoor, was done in
pattens, which a handy cobbler made, all
but tlie ring - irons fastened to the wooden
sole,
The itinerant tailor went to most of the
farmhouses. The women folk helped each
other to make their own clothes, but there
was a dressmaker who cut out, and made
bonnets. Most women made their own
caps-. THOS. RATCLIFFE.
WESTMINSTER CHIMES (11 S. ii. 509). The
Westminster chimes are, subject to a more
or less different arrangement of the notes, so
much like many other chimes that it seems
rather open to doubt whether they were in
fact arranged to an ancient hymn-notation.
The words attributed to them I have long
understood to be
Lord, through this hour
Be thou our Guide.
For by thy power
No foot shall slide.
D. O.
' WALRUS AND THE CARPENTER ' PARODY :
"SACKBUT" (11 S. ii. 469, 496). I may
perhaps be permitted to record an anony-
mous witticism recalled to me by the men-
tion of the sackbut.
When I was at Oxford ten years ago, the
vogue of " ping-pong " was at its height,
and in many a college room the game was
kept up till far into the night, to the no
small annoyance of those who desired either
to sleep or to work. The nuisance became
so pronounced that at length the Dean of a
certain college affixed to the notice-board an
intimation to the effect that " In future
ping-pong will be considered as a piano, and
is therefore prohibited after 11 P.M." (pianos
were prohibited after that hour). The
following day appeared beneath the official
edict the following parody : "In future the
buttery cat will be considered as a sackbut,
is therefore prohibited at all hourV
H. 4, B.
KNOTS IN HANDKERCHIEFS : INDIAN CUS-
TOM (US. ii. 506). This custom is supposed
to have had its origin in the shoe-string
(or boot-lace), corrigia, suspended from
charters, in which the subscribing party
made a knot. J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL.
CORPSE BLEEDING IN PRESENCE OF THE
MURDERER (US. ii. 328, 390, 498). This
superstition was not confined to the "vulgar."
On 21 August, 1669, in a letter from Mr.
Henshaw to Sir Robert Paston, there is the
following item of news :
" Monday I carried my wife and daughter to
Greenwich to see the Granpois [grampus],
which, though it was but a very little whale, is
yet a very great fish ; the skin, like that of all
Cetaceous animals, is like that of an eel's, and the
flesh as white as a conger's ; the humours of his
body, though he was dead, were in a brisk fer-
mentation, and out of a hole where they struck
the iron that killed him, there yested out blood
and oil like barm out of a barrel of new ale. It
put me in mind of some slain innocent which
bleeds at the approach of his murderers ; but
the stench was so uncouth that it was able to
discompose my meditations." Hist. MSS. Com.,
Sixth Report, p. 367.
The correspondent, Thomas Henshaw,
was a barrister, and one of the first members
of the Royal Society, and contributed several
papers to the Philosophical Transactions ;
he also edited Skinner's ' Etymologicon
Linguae Anglicanse,' 1671. The recipient
was likewise a member of the Royal Society,
and considered " a person of great learning."
A. RHODES.
In John Timbs's book on * Predictions
realized in Modern Times ' (London, 1880)
is a note on ' Murder Wounds Bleeding
Afresh ' (p. 58). Timbs quotes Dray ton's
lines on this subject :
If the vile actors of the heinous deed
Near the dead body happily be brought,
Oft 't hath been proved the breathless corpse will
bleed.
The popular belief existed in Scotland as
late as 1668, and was referred to with
approval by a Crown counsel, Sir George
Mackenzie, in a speech made at the trial of
Philip Standsfield. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
ARTEPHIUS, * DE CHARACTERIBUS PLANE-
TARUM ' (11 S. ii. 407). Is there any trust-
worthy evidence that this book has ever
been written or published ? The same
author's ' Clavis Majoris Sapientiso ' ap-
peared among the ' Opuscula qusedam
Chemica ' at Frankfurt, 1614. Copies of
this are in the British Museum and the Biblio-
theque Nationale in Paris.
36
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. in. JAN. u, wn.
The querist should try Messrs. Joseph Baer
& Co., booksellers, Hochstrasse 6, Frankfurt
a. M., who as a matter of course make
Frankfurt prints a speciality. L. L. K.
Watt mentions a number of books by
Artephius, but the ' De Characteribus Plane-
tarum ' does not appear among them. A
single book by Artephius is included in the
Edinburgh Advocates' Library. The cata-
logue spells the name " Artefius." I am
inclined to believe that no copy of * De
Characteribus Planetarum ' can be found
in this country. Perhaps Germany, in and
around Frankfort, would be the most likely
place to look for it. SCOTUS.
ELEPHANT AND CASTLE IN HERALDRY
(11 S. i. 608; ii. 36, 115, 231, 353, 398).
In ' La France Metallique,' by Jacques
de Bie, Paris, 1634, the elephant occurs once,
namely, on the reverse of a medal of Henri
III. dated 1575 (plate 74). The motto is
" Placidis parcit." According to the * Ex-
plication,' p. 220, the elephant, passing
through the fields, where are some sheep,
turns up his trunk, to show that he has no
intention of hurting them, while he treads on
a serpent, which appears to have glided
under his belly to hurt him. The interpreta-
tion is the clemency of the king towards
his dutiful subjects, and his severity towards
those who rebel against his commands. The
elephant has no castle or any trappings
whatever.
Mrs. Bury Palliser in her ' Historic Devices,
Badges, and War-Cries,' 1870, gives the
elephant as the device of the Caracciolo
family of Naples ; of the Malatesta family ; of
Rodolph, Duke of Swabia (motto " Vi parva
non invertitur " ) ; the elephant adoring the
moon, of Caracciolo, Marquis of Vico (motto
" Numen regemque salutant "} ; of Camillo
Caula, a captain of Modena (motto " Pietas
Deo nos conciliat"); of Giustiniani Salim-
bene (motto "Sic ardua peto ") ; the
elephant and broken tree, of Gio. Batt.
Giustiniani, Cardinal of Venice (motto
" Dum stetit ") ; the elephant and dragon,
of Sinibaldo and Ottoboni Fieschi (motto
" Non vos alabareis," Spanish, " You will
not exult over us " see p. 103) ; the
elephant crushing flies, of Sisenando, King
of the Goths (motto " Al mejor que puedo ") ;
the elephant throwing his teeth to the
hunters, of Count Clement Pietra (motto
" Lasciai di me la miglior parte a dietro ") ;
the elephant walking through a flock of
sheep, of PhiUbert Emmanuel, Duke of
Savoy (motto " Infestus infestis"). See
Index, p. 421, and the pages referred to.
As to the Malatesta family Mrs. Palliser
says (p. 159) :
" The sovereign lords of Rimini and of a great
part of Romagna had for their device an elephant,
allusive, perhaps, to the bones of Hannibal's
elephants, said to have been found at the Forli
pass, near Fossombrone and Fano, of which they
were lords."
She speaks of an elephant, not an ele-
phant's head. In no instance does she
mention a castle on the elephant.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
As a symbol this subject appears to extend
back well over three centuries or more.
In ' Hycke-Scorner,' a black-letter morality
of the earlier part of the sixteenth century,
is a quaint woodcut of an elephant bearing
a square turreted tower or castle. David
Garrick's copy of this old morality was
reprinted by Thomas Hawkins in his ' Origin
of the English Drama,' 1773. 3 vols., and the
illustration may be seen facing p. 72 in
vol. i. The animal is depicted without
harness or trappings. WM. JAGGARD.
PUNS ON PAYNE (US. ii. 409, 453). The
following lines written by Hugh Holland,
whose mother was a Payne, may interest
the querist if they are not already familiar
to him :
Yet griefe is by the surer side my brother,
The child of Payne, and Payne was eke my mother,
Who children had, the Ark had men as many ;
Of which, myself except, now breathes not any !
G. F. R. B.
THE BROWN SEX (11 S. ii. 505). The
quotation from M. G. Lewis's ' Negro Life
in the West Indies ' (London, 1845 edition,
p. 25) is as follows :
" It seems that, many years ago, an Admiral
of the Red was superseded on the Jamaica
station by an Admiral of the Blue ; and both of
them gave balls at Kingston to the ' Brown
Girls ' ; for the fair sex elsewhere are called the
' Brown Girls ' in Jamaica."
Elsewhere in Lewis's ' Journal ' " brown
girl " is used in the ordinary sense of the
term ; cp. " This morning a little brown
girl made her appearance at breakfast, with
an orange bough, to flap away the flies '"
(b., p. 31).
Lewis's ' Journal ' (12 December, 1815,
p. 12) contains an interesting reference to
' Werthers Leiden,' showing that the English
translations were read as late as 1815 :
" Little Jem Parsons [the cabin-boy] and his
friend the black terrier came on deck, and sat
themselves down on a gun-carriage, to read by the
ii s. in. JAN. M, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
light of the moon. I looked at the boy's book
(the terrier, I suppose, read over the other's
shoulder), and found that it was ' The Sorrows
of Werter.' I asked him who had lent him such
a book and whether it amused him ? He said
that it had been made a present to him, and so he
had read it almost through, for he had got to
Werter's dying ; though to be sure he did not
understand it all, nor like very much what he
understood ; for he thought the man a great
fool for killing himself for love. I told him I
thought every man a great fool who killed him-
self for love or for anything else ; but had he
no other books but ' The Sorrows of Werter. '
O, dear yes, he said, he had a great many more."
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
FOBES'S MUSICAL ENVELOPE (11 S. ii. 508).
There is a series of Fores' s Comic Envelopes
in the Guildhall Library. There are nine
varieties : Courting, Musical, Dancing,
Racing, Shooting, Civic, Military, Christmas,
and Coaching. W. B. GEBISH.
BOHEMIAN MUSICAL FOLK-LOBE (11 S.
ii. 485). Tripping over a stone indicates in
Hungary the site of buried treasure or lost
property. L. L. K.
ALFIEBI IN ENGLAND (US. ii. 421, 532).
May I add to my reply that the dates given
in the ' Vita ' clearly show that the November
when Alfieri left the Hague for England was
in 1770. He left Turin in May, 1769. In the
summer he was in Vienna ; at Berlin until
November ; at Copenhagen in the winter.
At the end of March he went to Stock-
holm, in May to Petersburg, and thence to
Berlin. He was at Spa in August and
September, and from there went to the
Hague.
" Finer," in 1. 4 of the second paragraph
of my reply, should be finir.
J. F. ROTTON.
Godalming.
LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508). This
lady is never named in the decorous pages of
standard English histories. Even her
husband the Marquis secures but the
briefest notice, although his midnight ride
to acquaint the late Queen Victoria with her
accession to the throne surely deserved
for him a better fate. Details of his wife's
career will need to be looked for in the
newspapers of the period or in the gossipy
memoirs of social life published within the
last few years. If I may be pardoned for
naming works probably familiar, I would
venture to mention the first three volumes of
the ' Greville Journal ' ; Mrs. W. P. Byrne's
* Gossip of the Century,' Ward & Downey,
1892 ; Mary Frampton's ' Journal,' Sampson
Low, 1885 ; and Jekyll's ' Correspondence,'
edited by Bourke, Murray, 1894.
W. S. S.
BISHOP MICHAEL H. T. LUSCOMBE (US.
ii. 349, 456). Since the reply at the latter
reference I have seen a portrait of Bishop
Luscombe. It is in the possession of the
Rev. E. Killin Roberts, Rector of St.
Andrew, Hertford, of which parish Lus-
combe was formerly curate. I feel sure
that MB. CANN HUGHES will obtain further
information if he will communicate with
Mr. Roberts. HENBY T. POLLABD.
Hertford.
"YOBKEB" (11 S. ii. 505). With all
respect, I venture to differ from PBOF.
SKEAT'S derivation of this word. I doubt
if the prolific crop of new words referring to
sport follows any scientific or known rules of
philology. If they do, the derivation of
" yorker " from yarker, "jerk," would
certainly be at fault. In the first place, a
jerk is expressly forbidden by the rules of
cricket : "A ball must be bowled. If
thrown or jerked, the umpire shall call
' no ball.' ' No cricketer could therefore
have applied the term " yarker " to a fairly
bowled ball.
A " yorker " is a ball which pitches close
to the bat and passes underneath it, the
batsman mistaking it for either a half-
volley or a full pitch, and consequently
failing to come down upon it. Till the sixties
of the last century it was called a "tice,"
because it enticed a batsman to hit when he
should not do so. In the sixties the word
" yorker " was introduced, and the ball in
question is now known by no other name.
The permission and development of over-
arm bowling may have had some influence
on the cultivation of this most useful ball ;
in any case, there seems no reason to doubt
that its frequent use by a Yorkshire eleven
gave it its present, name.
The word undoubtedly came into vogue as a
noun : the verb " to york " was introduced
a good deal later. JOHN MUBBAY.
50, Albemarle Street. W.
Is there not some mistake in PBOF. SKEAT'S
note ? I am no authority on cricket, but
I know what a jerk is, and I am sure that
neither jerking nor throwing the ball has
ever been allowed. Londoner, Hollander,
and in German Schweitzer are well known,
and not derived from verbs. " Burgher,"
"crowder," "butcher," "hosier," "pot-
walloper," "falconer," "potter," "barrister,"
38
NOTES AND QUERIES. tii s. ni. JAN. u, mi.
" horner," " coroner," " tinker," seem ex-
amples of common words ending in -er,
yet not derived from verbs. A saddler does
not saddle horses, but makes saddles. Slang
words e.g., a " wonner," " a goner," " a
Peeler " seem to show that similar words
are still in process of formation.
T. WILSON.
Harpenden.
The labourers hereabouts refer to the
straps which they generally wear outside
their trousers, below the knee, as " Yorks."
No one locally can give the reason for this
name. JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.
VISCOUNT OSSINGTON (11 S. ii. 508).
If MB. T. H. MILLER will refer to the collected
volumes of Once a Week, he will find in the
number for February, 1872, a cartoon of
Viscount Ossington, entitled ' Mr. Speaker '
full length, in wig and robes, and wearing a
cocked hat. The portrait is understood
to have been an excellent likeness, and might
perhaps supply the lack of a photograph.
W. SCOTT.
"TENEDISH" (11 S. ii. 286, 354, 493).
In reply to SIR JAMES MURRAY'S query,
Mr. HODGKIN proposes (11 S. ii. 354) to
regard the first syllable as Du. " tenne, tin,"
and shows by a quotation (1569) that such
vessels were made of tin. I think this is
probably the right route. The definition of
tenedish (1688) as " a piece of Lead made like
a Muscle shell, in which the black is kept
moist to work withal," rather suggests a
standish, e.g. " atramentarium, an Ink-horn
or Standish, or thing to keep black colour in "
(Gouldman, 1669). Standish, traditionally
derived from " stand-dish," is quoted by
Prof. Skeat for 1557. It seems to have been
a common word in the seventeenth century
(Florio, scrittoio ; Cotgrave, cabinet ; Holy-
oak, atramentarium, &c.), and 'to have been
popularly associated with stand (cf. ink-
stand) and dish. I do not think it has any
necessary connexion with either. It appears
to have been the metal table inkpot which
replaced the older portable inkhorn. Miege
(1679) has "standish, un grand 6critoire,
comme ceux qui sont faits d' Stain." Now
O.F. estain could have given M.E. *stain,
*sten, and, if introduced a second time after
the disappearance of the -s-, *tain or *ten.
The aphetic form tain, used of the tinfoil
applied to the back of a mirror, has passed
into E. (see ' N.E.D.,' s.v. tain). It seems
possible that standish may be for *staindish,
***tendish, influenced by stand, and that
tenedish is a later doublet. Or the stan and
tene may be cognate words which have
arrived by different routes (cf. stank and
tank). I do not know whether there has
ever been an E. *stan, " tin," but L. stan-
num is represented in some of the Celtic
languages (see Skeat, s.v. tin).
The second element may be dish? though
the E. liking for the ending -ish (e.g., squeam-
ish for older squeamous, rubbisA. for older
robots) and the vagaries of popular ety-
mology make it unlikely. I should guess-
that both words may be due to some O.F.
phrase such as " vase (or escritoire) en
estain doux" Cotgrave has " estaim doux,
the best kind of Tynne ; gotten in Corn-
wall." The naming of an object from the
metal of which it is composed is common,
e.g., a brass, a copper, a pewter, a tin.
ERNEST W^EEKLEY.
The Romance of Bookselling: a History front the
Earliest Titles to the Twentieth Century. By
Frank A. Mumby. (Chapman & Hall. )
TRAVELLERS in the bypaths of literature will
remember the incident recorded in ' Le Paradis des
Gens de Lettres,' in which the writer is led by
his celestial guide to the house from which the
one-eyed publisher distributed with lavish hands
twenty-pound notes as payment for a sheet of
sixteen printed pages to the crowd of happy
authors who thronged the garden of his mansion.
By these generous gifts the publisher felt himself
purged and absolved from any sin against the
Light, and in this excellent volume Mr, Mumby
has traced the steps which have led to this desir-
able rapprochement between writer and publisher,
and the means by which the dream of Asselineau
has nearly approached fulfilment.
It may be safely said that in the commercial
world there is no class that merits more highly the
confidence of the public than that which is
engaged in the production of books. The pro-
duction of books is necessarily allied with the
production of literature, and in considering the
history of bookselling, it is pleasant to recall the
satisfactory relations that have usually existed
between publisher and author. Pope may have
occasionally satirized a bookseller, but his associa-
tion with Lintot is entirely to the credit of both
parties. Johnson corrected Osborne with a
knock-down blow, but towards no one had he
friendlier feelings than towards poor Tom Davies
or that nonpareil of publishers, Robert Dodsley,
In later times the name of Murray is inseparably
woven with that of Byron ; and if the confidence
which Scott tplaced in Constable and Ballantyne
had unfortunate results, it was based upon the
friendship that existed between them. In
reading such a book as Mr. Muniby's, one's pre-
dominant feeling is that if the bookseller has not
exactly created a Paradise, he has done much
to shed sunshine on the often dreary life of the
professional author.
ii s. m. JAN. 14, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
In this fact perhaps lies the romance which Mr.
Mumby finds in the history of " the Trade."
If we refer to the great dictionary which ought
to lie at the elbow of every literary man, we find
that " romantic " connotes something in the way
of chivalry and adventure. Chivalry may
pertain more to the man than the bookseller, but
the spirit of adventure cannot be wanting in those
who daily launch their barks upon unknown seas.
A really good history of these venturesome heroes
has long been a desideratum, and Mr. Mumby
within his limits has in a very meritorious manner
attempted to fill the void. He would, however, have
done better to call his book a ' History of Pub-
lishing in England,' for beyond a general sketch of
what he terms the " Beginnings of the Book
World," the contents of the volume are almost
wholly confined to an account of the London
book-trade. The retail bookseller, to whom
literature owes so much, is only seen dimly in the
background ; and of the many eminent London
and provincial representatives of that branch of
the trade, only Mr. Quaritch and Messrs. Sotheran
appear to be mentioned by name, and that per-
haps more by virtue of their having published
various works than in recognition of their high
distinction as purveyors of ancient and modern
learning.
To deal with all branches of the'trade would be
impossible in a book of reasonable size, but we
feel some regret in finding no description of a very
interesting offshoot from the parent trunk. One
or two short sketches of the chapbook trade have
been written, but the subject has never been
thoroughly explored, though during the eigh-
teenth century the only providers of literature
in the remoter hamlets of the country were the
" Walking " or " Travelling Stationers," who
carried their wares from the printing presses in
Aldermary Churchyard or Bow Churchyard,
whence on one fine afternoon Boswell, who had
been fired with the ambition of writing a story in
the style of Jack the Giantkiller, carried off the
splendid collection of chapbooks which is now
housed in the Library of Harvard University.
It is to these humble benefactors, and to their
successors, such as Drewry of Derby and Dicey of
Northampton, that we owe the preservation of the
old Elizabethan legends, such as Tom Thumb and
Tom Hickathrift, Jack Homer and Long Meg of
Westminster, and they would seem to merit a
slight niche in the memorial which is perhaps too
much devoted to the aristocrats of the Trade.
This, after all, is a minor matter, and it gives
us pleasure to testify to the general value of the
book, the wide range of information that it con
veys, and the agreeable manner in which it is
written. The few slips we have noticed are un-
important. In referring to Swinburne's ' Atalanta
in Calydon ' it might have been stated that though
the title-pages of the first two editions are identical,
the earlier is in quarto and the later in foolscap
octavo, so that there is no possibility of confusion
between the two. Moxon did not publish ' The
Statue and the Bust ' and, it may be added,
' Cleon ' till 1855, though, from Mr. Mumby's
language on p. 304, it might be inferred that
Browning's connexion with that publisher ceased
on Messrs. Chapman & Hall issuing ' Christmas-
Eve and Easter-Day ' in 1850 (there was then no
question of a " collected edition " of Browning's
works).
A ' Bibliography of Publishing and Book-
selling ' by Mr. W. H. Peet, reprinted, with addi-
tions, from these columns, forms an Appendix to
bhe book. This is excellent as far as it goes, but it
oes only a very short distance. Foreign works on
the subject are not included. ' Book-Prices Current '
finds a place, but not ' Book-Auction Records,'
which often contains biographical and other-
contributions on bookselling and booksellers. Big-
more and Wyman's ' Bibliography of Printing,*
though incidentally mentioned on p. 460, should
have been inserted in the body of the work, as
it contains hundreds of references to the book-
producing trade, and also a capital biography
of the late Bernard Quaritch, with an engraved
portrait representing him as he was known to his
friends and customers in the seventies and eighties
Smith's ' Obituary ' (see p. 464) was not re-
printed in Willis's Current Notes for February*
1853 : there is only a short notice of the book*
with a few extracts relating to booksellers and
stationers. The Bibliography needs some revision,,
and we trust that Mr. Peet will devote himself to
its republication in a fuller and more eclectic f orm..
IN The National Review for January ' Episodes
of the Month ' and ' Two Elections and a Moral *
by Politicus deal frankly with the position of the
Unionist party, the election which was recently
concluded, and the results attained. It is
not surprising to find that Mr. Balfour's introduc-
tion of the Referendum at the last moment
before the conflict began is described as a " painful
blunder," and it is further stated that " under
Mr. Balfour there is little or no hope of the-
Unionist party regaining its influence in the
State," as he is out of touch with the " man in the
street." In 'Sea Law made in Germany* Miv
H. W. Wilson considers Mr. T. G. Bowles's,
recently published ' Sea Law and Sea Power,'
and the official answers to its indictments. A
main point in the discussion concerns British
food-supplies in time of war, a subject of the
gravest importance. Dr. Elizabeth Chesser says
many things about ' The Health of the Nation '
which are doubtless true, but the- practical appli-
cation of s\ich regulations as she suggests is the
difficulty. Having given in the last number of
the Revieiv a speech by Mr. Bonar Law, the editor
now publishes one by Mr. Lloyd George delivered
at the Paragon Music-Hall, Mile End, on 21 Nov.
An account of the Portuguese Revolution follows,
being regarded as ' Lloyd-Georgeism in Practice/
Most of the heroes of that outbreak are denounced
as poltroons, and bribery and place-hunting are
rampant. While it is not difficult to see the
failures and ludicrous aspects of the Revolution,
a view of the previous regime and its disastrous
incompetence might be useful to give us a fair
idea of the possibilities of the country and temper
of the people. Lady Helen Graham's ' Impres-
sions of Ober-Ammergau in 1910 ' form a pleasant
but not very significant study in a sentimental
vein.
Mr. J. Arthur Hill's article on ' Christian
Science ' should be read for its facts concerning
Mrs. Eddy, but we do not like its tone. In
' American Affairs ' Mr. A. Maurice Low tells us
that a third term of Presidency for Mr. Roosevelt
is now considered impossible ; and Aga Khan
writes in a complimentary style concerning
' Lord Minto's Viceroyalty.'
40
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. J AX . u, mi.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
MR. FRANCIS EDWARDS'S Catalogue 306 contains
under America ' Biologia Centrali -Americana,'
edited by Godman and Salvin, section Archaeology
by Maudsley, consisting of 1 vol. text, royal 4to,
sewed, and 16 vols. of plates, oblong folio, boards,
1889-1902, 24Z. Under ' Arabian Nights ' is
Burton's edition, Benares, 1885-8, 16 vols., 281.
Under Art and Architecture are a few books from
the library of an architect. Under Blake are a
series of facsimiles, folio, half-morocco, 1876,
51. 5s. (one of a hundred copies for private circula-
tion) ; also Gilchrist's Life, plates on India paper,
2 vols., 1880, 31. 5s. Under Books is Sotheby's
* Principia Typographical 3 vols., imperial 4 to,
1858, 81. 10s. Under Bronte is the Rev. Patrick
Bronte's ' Cottage Poems,' 1811, 7s. Qd. There
are works under Charles I., Civil War, and Common-
wealth. Under John Curtis is the author's own
copy of his ' British Entomology,' with the com-
plete series of the 770 original water-colour draw-
ings, 105?. Publications of the Kelmscott Press
inelude Swinburne's ' Atalanta ' and Morris's
' Golden Legend.' Among works on London
will be found Rocque's Plan, 1746, 51. 5s. ;
Wheatley's ' London, Past and Present,' extended
to 6 vols., half -morocco, 1891, 16Z. ; and Wilkin-
son's ' Londina Illustrata,' large paper, an early
And clean copy, 2 vols., folio, half -morocco, 1819,
11. 10s. Books on Napoleon include the first
edition of Combe, 1815, 12Z. ; and Ireland's Life,
"with series of folding and other coloured plates
by Cruikshank, 4 vols., full red levant, 1828, 351.
Other items are Newman's Works, 33 vols., half-
morocco, 1875-88, 61. 15s. ; and a good tall
copy of the first edition of the Nuremberg Chro-
nicle, old French morocco, the first pages slightly
-wormed, containing the supplement De Samarcia,
but only two blank leaves, 1493, 25Z. ; under
Spenser is the first folio edition, 1611-13, title
mounted, 51. 15s.
Mr. Charles J. Sawyer's Catalogue of New
Books at Half-Prices contains ' Don Quixote,'
"Shelton's translation, with the 260 plates specially
drawn for this edition by Daniel Vierge, 4 hand-
some vols., 1907, 51. 5s. (edition limited to 155
copies, and published at 151. net). There are
many works suitable for presentation, including
illustrated books such as ' The Three Musque-
teers,' with 250 pictures by Leloir, 2 vols., imperial
8vo, 11. 10s. ; and ' The Bible in Art,' 2 vols.,
15s. Qd. Other works are ' Religious Systems
of the World,' 4s. Qd. ; Graetz's ' History'of the
Jews,' 5 vols., 11. 15s. ; and Gibbs's ' Men and
"Women of the French Revolution/ 28 full-page
portraits, 4to, 17s. 6d. There are also works of
travel, biographies, and volumes in all classes of
literature.
Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current
710 contains a complete set of Ackermann's
Repository, 40 vols., royal 8vo, half-russia, 1809-
1828, very scarce, 65Z. Under Ainsworth is the
large-type Library Edition, 16 vols., half-morocco,
'81. 15s. There are works under Aldine Press,
Alp-Lore, and America. There is a complete
set of ' The Annual Register,' tree calf extra.
Under Matthew Arnold is the Edition de Luxe,
15 vols., half-levant by Riviere, 1903-4, 211.
Under Bacon are Spedding's edition, 14 vols.,
new calf, 121. 12s. ; and Pickering's edition,
edited by Basil Montagu, 17 vols., new morocco,
1825, 22Z. 10s. There is a fine specimen of
binding from the library of Henry VIII. Under
Browning are first editions. Carlyle items include
the Centenary Edition. Under Chaucer is the
Clarendon Press edition ; and under China is
Brinkley's ' Japan and China,' Library Edition,
limited to 500 copies, 12 vols., half orange levant,
1903-4, 18Z. 18s. There is a fine collection of
coaching books, 20 vols., red levant by Riviere,
1882-1905, 58Z. 10*. A long list under Dickens
includes numerous first editions. Among many
handsome sets are the works of. George Eliot,
Edward FitzGerald, J. R. Green, Ben Jonson,
Jesse, &c. The Catalogue also contains three
rare copies of Chapman's ' Homer ' ; a number of
works under India ; and a fine original set of
Punch, with all the wrappers and advertisements,
1841-1908, 135 vols., new half-morocco, 125L
Under Shakespeare are copies of the Second and
Third Folios.
Mr. Albert Sutton's Manchester Catalogue 184
contains first and early editions of Harrison Ains-
worth ; also the Windsor Edition, 20 vols., 1901,
4Z. 4s. Under Blake is the Life by Gilchrist,
2 vols., 1880, 21. 10s. There is the first edition of
* The Zincali,' and the second of ' The Bible in
Spain.' The first edition of Brome's ' Horace,'
morocco, 1666, is 4/. Under Coleridge is Cottle's
' Recollections,' 2 vols., 1837, 12s. ; under
Thomas Hardy, first editions of ' Tess ' and ' The
Trumpet-Major ' ; under Lever, a collection of
first editions, 10 vols., uniform half-calf, 1839-65,
11. Is. ; under Marryat, first editions of ' Poor
Jack ' and * The Pirate ; and under Punch a set
of the original issue. There are some first editions
of Thackeray, and the Library Edition, 22 vols.,
half -morocco, 1869, 11. 15s. The Satirist, or
Monthly Meteor. 1808-12 (wanting vol. vi., &c.), is
21. 2*.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
to
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
P. F. STEPHENSON (" Pickwick : Through the
button-hole ") See 10 S. i. 228. 272, 298.
W. S. S. ("Peacock's Works "). Forwarded to
querist.
ii s. in. JAN. 21, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
41
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 21, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 56.
NOTES : Stained Glass in Essex Churches, 41 The
" Bow- Wow" Style, 42 Prince of Monaco's Memoir, 43
Edward Chaplin Anna Seward's Baptism Sybil, Queen
of Scotland, 44- Geoffrey Pole " Carpet-bagger," 45
" Musice mentis medicina maestse " Benjamin Bathurst
Second Earl Spencer's Death Wedgewood Ware and
Water-Carriage, 46 Alnwick : Walking through a Bog, 47.
QUERIES : Bismarck, Miss Russel, and Miss Loraine
Prior's Birthplace Thackeray's Last Words Bowles's
'Hundred of Penwith'- Songs of the Peasantry, 47-' A
Voice from the Bush 'American Words and Phrases
'The Flying Dutchman' Authors Wanted Hartley
Wintney, Hants, 48 Andrew Lang on the Odyssey
Phips Family London Gunsmiths, 49.
REPLIES : Speaker's Chair Gamnecourt : Barbara de
Bierle, 50" Love me, love my dog," 51 Dr. Johnson in
the Hunting Field, 52 Wet Hay Sir Lyonell Guest-
Archbishop Cleaver W. Fitzgerald Rogerson Cotter-
John Coston Nottingham Monastery not in Dugdale, 53
Defoe Methodist Chapel, Tooting Rev. F. W. Faber
Napoleon and the Little Red Man Count of the Holy
Roman Empire, 54 Eminent Librarians Pauper's Badge
C. F. Henningsen and Kossuth " Keep within Com-
pass," 55" Old Cock o' Wax " Leake Family' Tit for
Tat '" Winchester Quart "Moving Pictures to Cine-
matographs, 56 Corn and Dishonesty R's of Sailors
Authors Wanted Inscriptions in Churchyards, 57" God
moves in a mysterious way " ' Pilgrim's Progress '
Imitated Isola Family" Caeqehouias," 58.
NOTES ON BOOKS : ' Walks about Jerusalem.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : Nicolas Mory.
Notices to Correspondents.
STAINED AND PAINTED GLASS IN
ESSEX CHURCHES.
(See 11 S. ii. 361, 462.)
I NOW propose to deal with
THE LIBERTY OF HAVERING.
Havering - atte - Bower (St. John Evan-
gelist). None.
Hornchurch (St. Andrew). The E. window
of the N. aisle is filled with fragmentary
old glass. In the centre is a Crucifixion,
much mutilated. The upper part of the
cross, and the arms, shoulders, and chest
of the figure, are intact, but the head and
neck and legs have gone. Where the head
and neck were has been leaded a head of
'St. Mary Magdalen, taken, no doubt, from
the lower part of the cross ; while fragments
of different kinds have been put in to fill the
place of the legs. The effect is grotesque.
Portions of the figure are distinguishable
Among fragments of tabernacle work leaded
together, in hopeless confusion, in different
parts of the window, and it seems possible
that a careful study of the fragments might
enable one to reconstruct partially the cross
and figure.
On either side of the Crucifixion is a coat
of arms in a circular border, both sadly
mutilated ; while in the tracery is a half-
length figure of St. Edward, King and Con-
fessor, in grissille, with the left hand raised,
probably (but the hand is much faded)
holding up the ring which he gave to St.
John when the Evangelist, in beggar's
guise, asked of him alms as he was assisting
at the dedication of St. John's Church at
Havering.
XL. St. Edward, K. and C.
XLL, XLIL, XLIII. Fragments in
tracery.
XLIV. Side fillings of tracery lights.
XLV. Arms in dexter main light : Arg.,
a fesse dancettee between 8 billets sa.
XL VI. Crucifixion in central main light.
XL VII. Arms in sinister main light :
Parted per pale. Dexter, probably as in
XLV., but, as the shield now stands, its
dexter half consists of fragments of a fesse
dancettee and two billets sa., some old
pieces of tabernacle work, and a fragment,
apparently, from another lost shield, chequee
or and sa. Sinister, also much mutilated,
but it clearly was originally Sa., a chevron
or between 3 garbs arg.
Romford (St. Edward, C.). None.
A correspondent has kindly called my
attention to an error at 1 1 S. ii. 361. Happily,
Little Ilford Church is not without some
remains of old glass ; for the eastern of two
small circular eighteenth-century windows
in the Lethieullier Chapel is filled with
fragments of considerable interest (No. I*
in my collection of drawings).
When I visited the church, the Lethieullier
Chapel, which is used as a vestry, was locked,
and I was unfortunately content with a
sight of its windows from the outside. The
leadwork being modern, I, incautiously, con-
cluded that the glass, too, was of a similar
character.
In the centre of the window to which I
have referred is a shield showing the arms of
England (ancient), viz., Quarterly, 1st and
4th, France (ancient) ; 2nd and 3rd, Eng-
land. Above the shield are remains of a
small 16th-century painting, in brown
enamel heightened with yellow stain, on
a single sheet of glass, of the taking down
of Our Lord from the cross. The drawing
of this little picture is remarkably delicate,
and it bears, in style and treatment, a strik-
42
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
ing resemblance to the medallion in Great
Ilford Hospital Church referred to on p. 362
as I h . Below the shield is what has been an
oval piece of glass, but which, having been
broken, is now in several pieces leaded
together, whereon are the scarcely dis-
cernible remains of a coat of arms, the
blazon of which seems to read, Azure, on
a chevron arg. 3 white roses, seeded and
barbed ppr. between 3 garbs (perhaps fleurs-
de-lis) or. Crest, a seated, or three-quarter,
human figure or. Motto, "... .the truthe."
A noticeable fact about this painting is that
the brown outline and all the colours, except
the yellow stain, have perished to such a
degree that the design can only with diffi-
culty be made out, and I am inclined to
think that it is an example of 16th- or 17th-
century varnish painting on glass, so far as
the pigments other than the yellow stain,
which is bright and clear, are concerned.
On the dexter side of the central shield
is the red rose of Lancaster, barbed ppr.,
with the white rose of York, seeded ppr.,
in pretence. Small fragments of a blue-
and-yellow chaplet remain round the roses,
while above the chaplet is a royal crown of
four half-arches, with crosses patee and
fleurs-de-lis on the circlet and a ball and
cross on the top. On the sinister side of the
shield is a red rose, seeded and barbed ppr.,
with blue-and-yellow chaplet, almost com-
plete, encircling it, and above, a royal crown
similar to, but larger, bolder in design, and
with higher arches than, that over the other
roses.
All these compositions are set in fragments
of 15th-century rectangular quarries and
16th- and 17th-century heraldic mantling
and scrollwork. Among these are pieces of
a third royal crown, which perhaps formerly
ensigned the arms of England. There are
also fragments of quarries with the " crown
in the thorn bush " badge of Henry VII.
and his initials H.R. It may be surmised
that the three principal features of this
" jumble " window the royal arms and the
roses were formerly set in quarries showing
this badge.
On another quarry is a heron, which may
point to the existence, once on a time, in
Little Ilford Church, of a window' set up by,
or having some reference to, a member of
the Heron family, which possessed the
Manor of Aldersbrook in this parish in the
days of Henry VIII. Aldersbrook had
belonged to the Cistercian Abbey of Stratford
Langthorne, and was granted by Henry to
Sir John Heron, Master of his jewel house.
The probability of a Heron window in the
church is also strengthened by the fact
that a brass to Thomas, son and heir to this-
Sir John Heron, is on the north wall. The
inscription below the figure, which is that of
a youth in civilian dress, states that Thomas
died in 1517, aged 14.
I am much indebted to L. M. R. for his
suggestions at 11 S. ii. 464. On the whole,
of the two solutions which he suggests, I
incline to that of Joab slaying Amasa. The
foreground of the painting is open country
trees, undergrowth, and broken ground
very well answering to the description in
2 Sam. xx. of the place where Amasa' s murder
took place, but not so suggestive of the scene
of Joab's slaying of Abner, " the middle of
the gate " of Hebron. The treacherous
slayer, too, in the picture is dressed after the
manner mentioned in verse 8, and promin-
ence is given to his sword scabbard, as in the
Biblical account. On the other hand, it
must be admitted that the murderer holds his
sword (the blade of which is buried in his
victim's right side) in his own right hand,
and he is taking the older man's chin with
his left hand. These slight differences,
however, may be merely the effect of the
artist's liberties with his subject.
F. SYDNEY EDEN,
May croft, Fy field Road, Walthamstow.
THE "BOW-WOW" STYLE.
MB. CURRY'S interesting article (11 S. iL
522) has reminded me of the use of the
familiar cry of the dog by serious writers.
Max Miiller spoke of the extravagances of
the school who favoured onomatopoeic
explanations as " bow-wow words." This-
was meant, of course, sarcastically, and the
word generally connotes contempt and
impudence rather than dignity or impressive -
ness. But this is hardly so in three examples,,
two of which are, I take it, derived from the
earliest. Boswell in his ' Life of Johnson r
(vol. ii. p. 326, ed. Birkbeck Hill) refers to
his hero's mode of speaking as " indeed very
impressive," and adds the note :
" My noble friend Lord Pembroke said once to
me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry and some
truth, that ' Dr. Johnson's sayings would not
appear as extraordinary, were it not for his botc-
ivow way.' "
This clearly represents, to quote Boswell
again in the same passage, Johnson's " deli-
berate and strong utterance." When he
started barking, no one else had a chance
to break in; it was a case of the "sort of
men " mentioned by v Gratiano at the
ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTP:S AND QUERIES.
beginning of ' The Merchant of Venice,' who,
when they do speak, seem to say,
I am Sir Oracle,
And when I ope my lips let no dog bark.
The 'N.E.D.' gives a quotation of 1854
which repeats this characterization of John-
son, but not the passage itself.
Now the mention of a big dog who silenced
his companions or took a dignified lead in
barking would give this meaning more
clearly, and I find Scott in his pleasant way
thus, perhaps, recalling the remark on John-
son. He says ('Journal,' vol. i. p. 61, ed.
1890) concerning the merits of some verses
he wrote in 1825 to the tune of * Bonnie
Dundee ' :
" I wonder if they are good. Ah ! poor Will
Krskine ! thou couldst and wouldst have told me.
I must consult J. B., who is as honest as was W. E.
But then, though he has good taste too, there is
a little of Big Bow-wow about it."
Again (i. 155), Scott praises Jane Austen's
' Pride and Prejudice,' and adds :
" That young lady had a talent for describing
the involvements and feelings and characters of
ordinary life, which is to me the most wonderful
I ever met with. The Big Bow-wow strain I can
do myself like any now going ; but the exquisite
touch, which renders ordinary commonplace
things and characters interesting, from the truth
of the description and the sentiment, is denied to
me."
The first of these references seems to
indicate pretentious or loud assurance ;
the second the Grand Style. One would
expect to find " bow-wow " in the writings
of a master of the vernacular like Shake-
speare, and it occurs in ' The Tempest.'
WINKIE.
PRINCE OF MONACO'S MEMOIR.
(See 10 S. vii. 125,244; viii. 83; 11 S. i. 362.)
THE following is a translation of another
inedited prison paper of the Prince of
Monaco in my possession, and is well
written, without any erasures :
Memoir sent 26 Thermidor [August] to the Com-
mittee of General Safety, and addressed to
the Representatives of the People, composing
the Committee of General Safety.
Citizens, A decree given the 18th of this
month has charged you to set at liberty the
citizens detained as suspects for reasons which
are not designated by the law of 17 September,
Old Style.
The declaration above delivered by the Revo"
lutionary Committee of Vigilance, of the section
of the Ked Cap, gives the reason for my detention
to be the emigration of one of my children. I
thought I had proved by the different Memoirs
that I have addressed to the National Conven-
tion and to its Committees, especially by the-
observations expressed on 14 Pluvidse [March],,
of which I here give an example, that my son
cannot be considered as an e'migre'. Besides, my
absent son is 31 years old, out of my power by the
laws, and has not dwelt with me since his marriage
in 1781 ; he did not tell me of his departure, and
I have not received news of him, nor have I
written to him.
But if my son ever could be called an Emigre,
the law of 17 October, 1793, Old Style, cannot
be applied to me, as it implies that only those
former nobles shall be deemed suspects who are
the fathers of Emigres who have not constantly
manifested their attachment to the Revolution ;
for, first in the quality of Prince of Monaco, and
then in that of a private person, I have always
shown my devotion and my zeal for the happiness
of the French people and the prosperity of
France.
In reality, not satisfied with not having spared
trouble or expense to provide for the victualling
and necessary subsistence of the troops of France
in garrison in the Place de Monaco, and those of
the armies of Italy, sent in detachments into the
said Principality and its environs, I have besides-
borrowed a large sum at Genoa, which I still owe,,
and which I have employed for the same use.
I have several times advanced my own money for
the payment of the French garrison, with the view
of preventing any contingencies that might retard
it. The deeds deposited in the Registers of the
Treasury of the former Principality of Monaco
are now at the disposal of the administrators
of the Department of the Maritime Alps, and
among the letters of the Minister of War' who
has been informed of them.
Protected by the same sentiments, I have always
addressed the strongest representations and
solicitations to the different Ministers of War
to procure for the French troops in garrison at
Monaco things necessary for them, and to make
them preserve exactly the military discipline
and laws decreed by the National Assembly,
which is shown by my letters, that ought to be
found in the War Office.
The proofs of my constant attachment to the
French Republic, as a private person, are no less
real, and although they are contained in the
different Memorials that" I have presented, I will
recall them :
The voluntary gift that I have made of several
horses.
That of 24 guns, or of their equivalent.
That of 4 pieces of bronze cannon which be-
longed to me, to the Commune of Thorigny,
Department of La Manche.
That of the first Tree of Liberty which has been
placed in the same Commune.
The assistance of bread and money that I have
not ceased to give to the poor of the Communes
where I have possessions. The money that 1
have given to the Section of the Red Cap.
Finally, the prompt and exact payment of all
the ordinary and extraordinary contributions
which have been levied on me up to this day.
To all these proofs of my attachment I could
also add my unbroken residence in France from .
the commencement of the year 1790.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911
I believe, Citizens, that this short statemen
argues sufficiently in my favour, and proves
plainly that I cannot be classed, by the law o:
17 September, 1793, Old Style, under suspected
men. I could also support myself in thisi resped
by the Report made by the Diplomatic Com
mittee to the National Convention, 14 February
1793, at the time of the reunion of the Principality
.of Monaco to the French Republic, and claim the
justice which this Committee did not fail to render
on that occasion to the sentiments that I have
always manifested.
But, Citizens, I have without doubt sufficiently
proved that I am entitled to profit by the kind
intentions of the decree of the 18th of this month,
and I implore your justice to grant me speedily
the benefit of it, fully convinced that the repre-
sentatives of a free and generous people will put
.a stop to the detention which I have suffered
for nearly a year, and that they will at the same
time order the removal of the seals put in my
house.
As to the correspondence mentioned above,
I can only congratulate myself that from what
has been sent to the Committee of General Safety
it will be the better able to judge of my true
sentiments. As to being one of the enemies of
the State, I cannot conceive what has led the
Committee of Revolutionary Surveillance, of the
Section of the Red Cap, to use these terms ; in
truth, I am certain of never having written against
the Revolution or the prosperity of the French
Republic, and I defy any one to produce the
slightest proof to the contrary.
Health and Fraternity.
On the title-page of this Memoir was
copied the writing here added :
Reasons for the detention of Citizen Monaco
Grimaldi.
Section of the Red Cap.
Committee of Revolutionary Surveillance.
The 24 Thermidor, year 2 of the Republic one
and indivisible. Arrested as ex-noble, and having
a son an emigre. On taking off the seals placed
-on his house to extract the papers, they have
sent all his correspondence with the enemies of
the State, at home and beyond the Republic,
to the Committee of General Safety.
Made the day and year above said.
Signed D'Aire President and Tosi Secretary.
The MS. is on 4 pp. 4to, similar paper and
watermark to the Examination (11 S. i. 362).
The parts in italics are underlined in the
original. The year seems to be 1794.
D. J.
EDWAED CHAPLIN. I have only just
seen in ' N. & Q.' for 17 December, 1904
(10 S. ii. 488), an inquiry as to Edward
Chaplin, admitted to Westminster School
in 1786. He was my grandfather, born
7 July, 1771, and died 14 November, 1858.
If G. F. R. B. wishes further information,
I shall be happy to give it on his writing to
me. HOLROYD CHAPLIN.
2, Holland Villas Road, W,
ANNA SEWABD : DATE OF HER BAPTISM.
Mr. A L. Reade in his ' Johnsonian Glean-
ings ' (p. 34) writes : "It is strange that the
date of Anna Se ward's birth never seems
to have been correctly stated." He gives
the date as 1 December, 1744.
Being her representative, tracing through
the first wife of John Hunter, I have taken
the trouble (I wish I had done so before
publishing a booklet on Anna Seward) to
obtain a certificate, signed on 5 May, 1910,
by the present Rector of Eyam, which
states that " Anne Seward, the daughter of
the Rev. Thomas Seward, Rector of Eyam,
and Mrs. Elizabeth Seward his wife," was
baptized 28 December, 1742.
The Seward family Bible is in the posses-
sion of Sir Robert White-Thomson of Ex-
bourne, North Devon, who is the representa-
tive of Anna Seward through Hunter's
second wife, and the statement in it that
she was born on the 1st of December, 1744,
and baptized on the 28th of the same month,
and that her sponsors were her Uncle
Norton, her Aunt Martin, and Mrs. Jackson
of Burton, must, of course, now be treated
as erroneous, so far as it relates to the date
of the baptism. STAPLETON MARTIN.
The Firs, Norton, Worcester.
SYBIL, QUEEN or SCOTLAND : HER
PARENTAGE. Alexander I., King of Scot-
Land, about the time of his accession (1107),
married " Sybilla," illegitimate daughter
of Henry I., King of England ('D.N.B.').
Sybil's mother is not referred to, but under
Henry I. she is said to have been a sister
of Waleran, Count of Meulan, the authorities
cited being Orderic and Skene's ' Celtic
Scotland.' No doubt the sister referred to
was Isabel (afterwards wife of Gilbert de
Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke), who was a
mistress of Henry I. (Planche, ' Conqueror
and his Companions,' i. 216).
It seems rash to suggest that Orderic, a
contemporary chronicler, was completely
at fault ; but from a consideration of the
dates involved it seems to me impossible
:hat any sister of Count Waleran can have
3een mother to Sybil. Waleran was the
Idest son of Robert de Beaumont, Count
of Meulan (France), Lord of Pontaudemer
and Beaumont (Normandy), and 1st Earl of
eicester, by his wife Isabel, daughter of
Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois,
younger son of Henry I., King of France
ibid, i. 212). When the marriage of Robert
and Isabel was projected, it was forbidden
n the ground of consanguinity, by Ivo,
3ishop of Chartres, at the beginning of 1096
ii s. m. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
(Chester Waters, ' Gundrada de Warrenne/
pp. 16-17). However, the Pope granted a
dispensation, on condition that Isabel's
father should take the cross, and the marriage
took place in 1096-7. If we assume that their
daughter Isabel was the eldest child of this
marriage, and was born at the earliest
possible moment, she would have been about
ten years of age when her alleged daughter
married the King of Scots.
Even if Alexander's marriage did not take
place so early as stated by the ' D.N.B.'
a point on which Scottish readers may be
able to give some information it seems im-
possible to account for the discrepancy a
whole generation. I suggest that Sybil's
mother must have been another of Henry I.'s
numerous mistresses.
Cobbe calls Alexander's wife " Hedwig,"
but affiliates her to Henry I. as an illegiti-
mate child by " Elizabeth, daughter of
Ho. de Bellomont, Count of Meulan"
('Norman Kings of England,' Table III.).
" De Bellomont " is simply a mistranslation
of " de Bello Monte," the Latinized form of
de Beaumont. G. H. WHITE.
St. Crc SB, Harleston, Norfolk.
GEOFFREY POLE, the Winchester scholar of
whom mention has been made at 9 S. viii.
73, 449, under the heading * Anthony
Fortescue,' and at 9 S. ix. 468 under ' Sir
Geoffrey Pole, died 1558,' was not attainted
26 February, 1562/3 (Appendix II. to the
Fourth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the
Public Records, pp. 263-4), though Sir
Thomas Smith mentions him as privy to
the plot (' Cal. S.P. for 1562,' p. 480), as
he was only 14 years old at the time. In
1576 he was a magistrate of Sussex sus-
pected of Popery (Strype, * Annals/ II. ii.
22), and on 29 October, 1577, he was ordered
to appear before the Privy Council (Dasent,
' Acts,' x. 69). He had gone abroad before
23 June, 1585, and had let Lordington to his
nephew Anthony Fortescue the younger
at 50Z. a year ('Cal. S.P. Dom., 1581-90,'
p. 247, and cf. pp. 351, 354). In the ' Con-
certatio Ecclesise ' he is called Galfrid. The
fugitive Germane Pole (ibid., p. 705 ;
' Cal. S.P. Dom., 1591-4,' at p. 15 ; 1598-
1601, at p. 310), who had a brother Gervase
at the English College, Rome, in 1599,
belonged to the Derbyshire family, and was
not a relative of Geoffrey. In 1600 the
Duke of Parma was endeavouring to obtain
the cardinal's hat for Arthur Pole, a son of
the nephew of Cardinal Pole (i.e. of Geoffrey),
a young man of 25 years of age, brought up
from his childhood in the house of the late
Cardinal Alexander Farnese (' Cal. S.P. Span.,
1587-1603,' at pp. 670, 671). On 19 June,
1622, one of Geoffrey's daughters, Mary, was
professed at St. Monica's Augustinian Con-
vent at Louvain, aged 39, and the ' Chronicle/
vol. i. (Sands & Co., 1904), at pp. 242-3 f
gives this account of her father :
" He was a brave gentleman and courageous, a
most constant Catholic, a harbourer of priests,
and one who, being strong of hand, would beat
the pursuivants and catchpolls so handsomely
that they stood in great fear of him. Insomuch
that once a pursuivant being sent down to serve
a writ upon him for his conscience, he chanced to
meet with the pursuivant upon the way ; so-
that riding together the fellow began to speak
something of Mr. Geoffrey Pole, saying thus : 'He
is a shrewd man of his hands, for he did beat a
brother of mine, but I have here something, I
warrant, that will cool his courage ' ; and told
him how he had brought the writ for him. He
heard him, and said nothing who he was, but
entertained him with talk and rode on together
so long till he had him in a fit place, and then said
to him : ' Here is Geoffrey Pole ; what hast thou
to say to him ? ' The fellow pulled out his writ
and said as the manner is, ' The Queen greets you '
(for it was in her reign). He, hearing this, made
no more ado, but drew his sword and said : ' Look
here, fellow, I give thee thy choice ; either eat
up this writ presently, or else eat my sword :
for one of both thou shalt do ere we part hence/
The poor man began to quake for fear and durst
not resist him, but like a coward was wholly
daunted, and did indeed eat up the writ for mere
fear rather than he would be killed. So became
the writ of no effect, but only to punish the
pursuivant for his pains. Such like good feats
did this worthy gentleman perform, showing
always his zeal unto the Catholic religion. At
length he came over to this side the seas, where
he died like a constant Catholic, in voluntary
banishment at Antwerp."
The chronicler also states that Geoffrey was
the only one of all the sons of Sir Geoffrey
who had issue. She also tells us, at p. 257,
that one of Geoffrey's sisters was mother-in-
law to a certain Richard Lamb, Esq., who
was in the household of Lord Montague.
Is it known whom Geoffrey married ?
Or what became of his issue ?
JOHN B. WAINEWKIGHT.
" CARPET - BAGGER." In a recent Times
article on American social conditions it
was mentioned that this expression was
applied by Southerners after the Civil War
to Northern officials sent among them during
the Reconstruction period. The term was
unpopular as denoting one whose worldly
possessions could be carried in a carpet-
bag. In this country " carpet-bagger "
seems to mean an unknown meteoric candi-
date who puts up at a local hotel with his
carpet-bag during the contest. Not long
ago I heard this term applied to a municipal
46
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
candidate who crossed to a different quarte
of London from that in which he residec
and was known. As the carpet-bag is rarely
if ever, seen in these days, though the politi
cal epithet " carpet-bagger " is likely t(
continue in currency, its etymology will be
come obscure. FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.
["Carpet-bagger," described as U.S. politica
slang, is in the section of the ' N.K.D.' publishe
in 1888. The last sentence of the article notice
the introduction of the term into English politics.
" MUSICE MENTIS MEDICINA
In No. 33, p. 28, of * A Student's Pastime
(' N. & Q.,' 3 S. xii. 412) Prof. Skeat writes :
" On the fly-leaf of a Collection of Musica
Tunes, by John Dowlande, M.B., in MS. Camb
Univ. Dd. ii. 11, is the following specimen o
-alliteration : ' Musica mentis medicina mcestae.' '
The source of the quotation does not seem
to have been recognized.
A still more striking example of allitera
tion is afforded when these words are com-
bined with the remainder of the stanza :
Musice mentis medicina moestac,
Musice multum minuit malorum,
Musice magnis, metliis, minutis
Maxima mittit.
This is the conclusion of a poem by Walter
Haddon (1516-72), headed ' De Musica '
on p. 69 (wrongly numbered 66) of his
* Poemata,' at the end of his ' Lucubra-
tiones,' London, 1567. The poem consists
of five Sapphic stanzas, the first three lines
of each beginning with some case of
" musice."
Burton, ' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 2.2.6.3,
6th ed., p. 299, has " Musica est mentis
medicina mcestce, a roaring-meg against
Melancholy." The last words must have
been suggested by the title of a work of
1598 quoted, under ' Roaring Meg, in the
"'N.E.D.' : 'Tyros Roring Megge Planted
against the walles of Melancholy,' which is
in the list (Selden MS. 80, supra) of Burton's
books that were given to the Bodleian.
EDWARD BENSLY.
BENJAMIN BATHURST. The ' D.N.B.' has
found this English diplomat worthy of
notice on account of his mysterious dis-
appearance in Germany now more than 101
years ago. With regard to his death The
Observer of 18 December last published a
short notice under the title of ' A Century-
Old Mystery,' according to which a skeleton
was found recently in a field close to the
little Prussian town of Perleberg, near Berlin,
^buried face downwards, and with a large hole
in the forehead. The only object found
with the remains was " a large key, believed
to be of old English workmanship." The
bones were being examined as to their age.
L. L. K.
*
THE SECOND EARL SPENCER : HIS DEATH.
The recent death of John, fifth Earl
Spencer, has occasioned some newspaper
references to the Althorp library and its
founder, George John, the second Earl.
It is rather difficult to say how much assis-
tance his eulogizer T. Frognall Dibdin
rendered in bringing that marvellous col-
lection together probably very little ; but
at least in his * Bibliotheca Spenceriana '
he compiled a most useful work, and satis-
fied the pride of his patron, who rewarded
him by obtaining his appointment to the
living of St. Mary, Bryanston Square.
The news of Lord Spencer's last illness
and death came to Dibdin suddenly in a
letter now before me :
Althorp, Nov. 10, 1834.
MY DEAR SIR,
As Lord Spencer's illness has only been of four
days' duration, it is probable that you may not
yet have heard of it. Most truly grieved am I to
tell you, as you will be to hear, that there is no
doubt of its terminating fatally ; and it is more
than probable that the postscript to this will
confirm the suspicion. Lord Althorp and all the
family are here. You and I and very many more
will lose in him their best friend.
My dear Sir,
Very sincerely yours,
GEO. APPLEYARD.
P.S. 25 min. past 2.
T have just seen him breathe his last.
The Rev'd Dr. Dibdin.
The letter is not addressed, but probably
Dibdin was then living at 58, Cambridge
Street, Connaught Square.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
WEDGE WOOD WARE AND WATER-CARRIAGE.
In the course of a recent search through
The Nottingham Journal for 1780 I inci-
dentally came across and scanned a note of
ome interest to ceramic students, although
r did not, unfortunately, note the precise
late. The item in question related to the
onviction of a Nottingham man for stealing
i large quantity of earthenware from a cask
n a barge on the Trent, at Wilford Shoals,
he said earthenware being the property of
osiah Wedge wood of Etruria, Stafford-
hire. Wilford is immediately above Not-
ingham, on this river, and the note illus-
rates the former importance of carriage by
ter in England. A. STAPLETON.
Nottingham.
ii s. m. JAN. 21, MI.] .NOTES AND QUERIES.
ALNWICK : WALKING THROUGH A BOG.
John Wesley makes the following note
in his ' Journal ' for 25 April, 1753 :
" We came to Alnwick on the day whereon those
who have gone through their apprenticeship are
made free of the corporation. Sixteen or seventeen,
we were informed, were to receive their freedom this
day, and in order thereto (such is the unparalleled
wisdom of the present corporation, as well as of
their forefathers), to walk through a great bog (pur-
posely preserved for the occasion ; otherwise it
might have been drained long ago), which takes up
some of them to the neck, and many of them to the
breast."
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
BISMARCK, Miss RUSSEL, AND Miss
LORAINE. Prince Otto von Bismarck (born
1815), the first Chancellor of the German
Empire, was in Aix-la-Chapelle in 1836,
where, as well as in 1837 in Wiesbaden, he
was on friendly terms with two young
English ladies whose names, according to
a letter from Bismarck to his wife in 1851,
were " Miss Russel and Miss Isabella
Loraine." It is reported that Bismarck
had then the serious intention of becoming
engaged to one of these ladies.
In another letter from Bismarck dated
1836 the above-named Miss Russel is referred
to as " the niece of the Duke and Duchess
of C." This " C." means, doubtless, Cleve-
land.
Any information about the life, birth,
family, &c., of Miss Russel and Miss Isa-
bella Loraine would be appreciated by
DR. A. VON WILKE.
Wilmersdorf, near Berlin, Kaiserallee 192.
MATTHEW PRIOR'S BIRTHPLACE. Has
anything been discovered in regard to
Matthew Prior's parents, ancestry, and place
of birth since Johnson wrote the ' Lives of
the English Poets ' ? In it he speaks of Prior
as of unknown parents ; saying that accord-
ing to some he was born at Wimborne,
Dorset, but that others said he was the son
of a joiner in London. In a note Johnson
adds :
" The difficulty of settling Prior's birthplace
is great. In the register of his College he is
called, at his admission by the President, Matthew
Prior of Winburn in Middlesex ; by himself next
day, Mathew Prior of Dorsetshire, in which county,
not in Middlesex, Winborn, or Wimborne as it
stands in the ' Villare,' is found. When he stood
candidate for his fellowship five years after-
wards, he was registered again by himself as of
Middlesex. The last record ought to be pre-
ferred, because it was made upon oath," &c.
There are references to this subject in
'N. & Q.' previous to 1893; also in Hutchins's
' Dorset,' third edition, and in Longmaris
Magazine for October, 1884 ; but I infer
that at that date nothing was definitely
known either as to his parents or place of
birth. E. HAVILAND HILLMAN.
3227, Campo S. Samuele, Venice.
[The ' D.N.B.' in 1896 gave the date of Prior's
birth as 21 July, 160-1, and state that the place
is uncertain, but that " the bulk of tradition "
is in favour of Dorset.]
THACKERAY'S LAST WORDS. Thackeray
was found dead in his bed at 2, Palace Green,
Kensington, on Christmas morning, 1863.
According to his biography by his daughter,
the last words he ever wrote, which were
found by his bedside, were these : " And
his heart throbbed with an infinite peace."
In which of his works do these words occur ?
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
8, Tottenham Place, Clifton.
[Not correctly quoted, but from the latest sheets
of ' Denis Duval.j
BOWLES'S ' HUNDRED OF PEN WITH.' I
should be very grateful indeed to any owner
of Bowles's ' Short Account of the Hundred
of Penwith' (1805) who would be kind
enough to lend me this scarce volume. I
am writing a history of the parishes of
Phil lack and Gwithian, and desire to refer
to the above work.
J. HAMBLEY ROWE, M.B.
88, Horton Grange Road, .Bradford,
SONGS OF THE PEASANTRY. Have any
readers heard old servants, gardeners,
labourers, and others singing songs remem-
bered from youthful days ? I began to
collect such songs twenty years ago, and have
been the means of saving many a gem
from being forgotten. I am about to
publish another book of songs of the
peasantry, and shall feel obliged if any
reader will contribute to it, naming the
binger and place where obtained. Acknow-
ledgment will be made. Songs lately
published are not desired. Dialect or
ordinary English words may be sent, and
the name of the tune or a rough copy of the
melody should be given. Songs of love-
struck swains, dialogues between lovers,
liumorous incidents in life, carols, ballads,
48
NOTES AND QUERIES. fu s. IIL JAN. 21, 1911.
heroic deeds, and love of animals, flowers,
and country scenes are the topics that I
have in mind. Any help in my quest
will be gratefully received.
JOHN GBAHAM,
Editor of Dialect Songs, Morris Dances, &c.
74, Park Hall Road, East Finchley, N.
' A VOICE FROM THE BUSH.' I am very
anxious to obtain a copy of a poem called
' A Voice from the Bush.' I was told it
was by Lindsay Gordon, but have been
unable to find it. Could you tell me where
it is to be found, or who is the author ?
MARGARET LAWRENCE.
The Lawn, Windsor Road, Chorley, Lanes.
AMERICAN WORDS AND PHRASES. I con-
clude from 10 S. xi. 469 ; xii. 107 ; 11 S. ii.
67, my list of words and phrases in American
papers :
Read out. This means to turn a man out of a
political party, the allusion being to a kind of
excommunication. Was there ever among the
Independents or others an actual " reading "
of a person out of the society ?
Squab boat. What was this ? In 1800 I read
of a " squab boat skipper."
Stansberry reproof. Who was Stansberry ? One
man (1839) is determined to give another this
kind of reproof, apparently a pistol-shot.
Stifel. A horse is said (1798) to be " narrow
across the stifel." This looks mightily like a
Holland word, but I do not find it in the Dutch
dictionary.
Stocking feet, i.e., feet without shoes. Is this
expression Scottish ?
Toe the mark. Are there any English examples
before 1819 ?
Tunket. What is this ? The phrase " as cold
as a tunket " occurs in 1847.
Tussey boys. What were they ? In 1838 Mr
Bynum of North Carolina used the phrase in
Congress.
Unterrified, the. Who first applied this term
to the Democratic party ?
Vicksburger. This was (1836) a large hat. Was
there a factory of such hats at Vicksburg ?
W T hitehead. To do a thing like a whitehead was
(about 1830) to do it thoroughly. W 7 hat is th
allusion ?
Whitewash. Are there English examples of this
verb in a figurative sense before 1762 ? In thai
year The Boston Evening Post alludes to a man
" lately whitewashed (taken the benefit of th
Bankrupt Act)." And in 1800 it means to
cleanse a character superficially.
i r ork waggon. W T as this a waggon made a1
York in Pennsylvania ?
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
6 THE FLYING DUTCHMAN.' I wish to
.earn the name of the author of the verses-
entitled * The Flying Dutchman,' beginning
Before the screaming hurricane, the Dutchman
pitched and rolled ;
She staggered along to the storm's wild song
And buried her decks the seas among,
Till the dawn brake bitterly cold.
Where may they be found ? C. B,
AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Who was the author of a piece of poetry in
which the last line of every verse runs some-
what as follows ?
0, never question curiously.
The last verse is somewhat as follows :
I charge you, ye impassioned few,
If the white swanwing comes to you,
What is to you the whence or how ?
Be happy in the blissful now ;
Accept the light that glads thy brow,
And never question curiously.
N. u. a
Midway the road of our life's term they met,
And one another knew without surprise,
Nor cared that beauty stood in mutual eyes,
Nor at their tardy meeting nursed regret
C. L. H.
A touch of the sun for pardon,
The song of a bird for mirth ;
We are nearer God's heart in the garden
Than anywhere else on the earth.
W. W. K.
HARTLEY WINTNEY, HANTS : PRIORESS
MARTYN'S MONUMENT. The will of Eliza-
beth Martyn, " sometime prioress of Wynt-
ney," dated 24 July, 1584, and proved in the
Peculiar Court of the Dean of Sarum
(Register iv. fo. 147), directs that her body
should be buried in the chancel of Hartley
Wintney, and contains the following
clause :
" I would that a stone should be layde over
my grave w th a picture of a plate of a woman
in a long garment w th wyde sieves hir handes
ioyned together holdinge uppon her brest and
figured over her hedd In te domine speraui non
confundor in seternum In justicia tua libera me
et salua me I woulde that an herse shoulde be
standinge over my grave by the space of an whole
yere couerued ouer w th black cotten w th a cross of
white fusty on."
A sum of 10?. is left for conveying the body
from Okingham.
Can any one say if these directions were
carried out ? F. J. POPE.
17, Holland Road, W.
us. in. JAN. 2i, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
49
ANDBEW LANG ON THE ODYSSEY. Some
fifteen years ago, about Christmastime, there
was an article by Mr. Andrew Lang in some
well-known illustrated paper, consisting of a
review of the Odyssey, at its first publication,
by the Theates of Chios. What is the refer-
ence to this article ? W. WALLAS.
PHIPPS on PHIP FAMILY. I have made
a large collection of notes on persons of the
name of Phipps and Phip of nearly every
county in England, of Ireland, the West
Indies, and of New England. It includes
abstracts of many P. wills dating from
1521 to 1810, which I propose to get printed.
I shall be glad to get more notes from old
registers or documents, and to correspond
with any one interested. I want especially
to know more of the P. family of Notting-
ham (and perhaps of Derbyshire) before
1600. Robert P. of St. Nicholas, Notting-
ham (described as gentleman in his son's
marriage licence), married, 1574, Isabel
Brounley, and had sons George, William,
Anthony. An administration was granted
in 1615 to George P. of Robert P. " nuper
de Baker, Notts," a place now unknown.
George P. was of Edwalton, near Notting-
ham, and married, 1606, Ann, dau. of
William Elliott of Stoke, and widow of John
Power of Edwalton. I cannot find his will.
In 1616 an administration P.C.C. was
granted to Ann, widow of George P. of Ufnng-
ton, Lincoln.
Of George's children Francis, Caleb, Ann,
Judith, the eldest Francis went to Reading
about 1630, and owned " The Bear Inn "
there ; he was imprisoned in Windsor Castle
by the Parliamentarians. He married pro-
bably three times, and by his second wife
Anne, dau. of Sharpe of Cirencester
(who left a will which I cannot find), had
among others a son Capt. James P. of St.
Kitts, West Indies, who continued my line
there, and was killed in 1689 by the French
during the siege. Another son was Sir Con-
stantine P., an ancestor of the Mulgraves
(see Crisp, vol. Notes).
I know a good deal about the families of
Ecclesfield (York), of Oxford and Herts, of
Warwick, and of Wilts.
What is the authority for the statement
that a Col. William P. of Lincoln raised a
regiment of horse for King Charles I. ?
He was not the ancestor of Sir Constantino
P., as Burke used to say. George P. of
Ecclesfield, writing about 1740 to one of Sir
Constantino's family, says that these two
families had been confused, but then him-
self confuses them. He says also that a Col.
P. was with Sir Francis Wortley when he
drove Hotham into Hull.
The name is spelt in fifty different ways,
but in only one case have I found any sign of
Phipps coming from Phillips.
I think I have a clue to the family of Sir
William P., Governor of New England.
Communications should be addressed to
R.A. Mess, Ferozepore, India.
H. R. PHIPPS, Major R.F.A.
LONDON GUNSMITHS AND THEIB WOKK.
Is there any book of reference or monograph
dealing with this subject ? I have collected
the names of upwards of fifty makers who
produced firearms during the eighteenth
century and the first half of the nineteenth,
but with rare exceptions I can learn nothing
about the individuals or firms. In many
cases makers seem to have collaborated,
one firm's name appearing on the barrel,
while another's is engraved on the locks,
but more often the names are the same on
both.
Amongst the names which I have found
engraved on examples of the period referred
to are :
1. On Early eighteenth-century work. Hosey,
John. Rowland, R. Tourney, John.
2. Middle eighteenth- century. Cahtman. Col-
lumbell. Diemar. Hadley, H. Hudson, Thos,
Mackenzie, D. Segallas. Shruder, James. Tur-
Vey, \V.
3. Late eighteenth-century. Baker. Barbar.
Barker. Bayr, Thos. Bidet. Davis, T. Griffin
(Bond Street). Griffin & Tow. Harman, John.
Huhnstock, A. Kolbe. Knubley. Nock. Nock, H.
Parkes. Tanner. Tatham. Tatham & Egg.
4. Early nineteenth-century. Baker. Baker, E.
Baker, Ezekiel. Baker, E., & Sons. Bate.
Bates. Brown, E. (Strand). Brunn, S. (55,
Charing Cross). Buresch, F. A. Clark (Holborn).
Dupe & Co. Egg, D. Egg, Joseph (1, Picca-
dilly). Gills. Manton. Manton, Joseph. Mor-
timer, R. W. Mortimer, W. H. Mosely.
Standenmayne or Staiidenmayer (this name
appears in both forms).
Certain Silversmiths seem to have special-
ized in making mounts, trigger-guards, &c.,
for gunsmiths. Three of these whose work
recurs frequently were Mark Bock (Shoe
Lane), Jeremiah or Jeconiah Ashley (Green
Street), and John King. Some information
regarding these is found in Jackson's
' English Goldsmiths and their W rk -'.
The same names reappear in different
combinations, but the above are the most
common. Baker, whose name occurs most
frequently, was the maker of the first rifled
weapon adopted by the British Army, as
when the 95th Regiment was constituted
as a rifle corps it was armed with a " rifled
50
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. j.. 21, 1911.
musket," invented and manufactured by
this Baker.
The names of the two Manton brothers,
John and Joseph, appear more rarely, and
generally on sporting firearms, although
pistols are occasionally found with the name.
The biography of these two is in the
' D.N.B.,' from which it appears that " Joe
Manton," in spite of his great repute,
became insolvent in 1826. John Manton's
shop was in Dover Street.
Joseph Egg had a shop at 1, Piccadilly,
and his address is sometimes found engraved
on his productions. D. Egg (whose Christian
name was Durward, although I have never
seen it on any of his numerous weapons)
was specially noted for making pistols, but
he seems also to have made a type of fowling-
piece which has been recently introduced
again, in which the barrels are placed
vertically above each other.
Information regarding any of the names
mentioned in the foregoing list will be received
with interest. Please reply direct.
E. RODGEB.
Western Club, Glasgow.
SPEAKER'S CHAIR OF THE OLD
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
(11 S. ii. 128, 177, 218, 331.)
MY attention has been called by Mr. E.
Wilson Dobbs of this city to the articles
at the first three references relative to the
Speaker's Chair of the House of Commons
during Sir Charles Manners-Sutton's Speaker-
ship. His son, the second Viscount Canter-
bury, presented to the Parliament of Victoria,
of which colony he was Governor, a chair
bearing the following inscription :
" The Speaker's chair : first House of Commons
elected under Reform Act of 1832 Assembled
January 29, 1833 ; dissolved December 30, 1834
The Right Honble. Sir Charles Manners Sutton.
0.C.B., ' Speaker ' Presented by his son, Vis :
count Canterbury, G.C.M.G., and K.C.B., to the
Legislative Assembly of Victoria."
The State of Victoria having lent its
Parliament House to the Parliament of the
Commonwealth while the latter is in Mel-
bourne, the chair "is now in my charge.
The chair was apparently sent from London
after Lord Canterbury had retired, as
appears from a letter from him to the
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, dated
12 June, 1873, and appearing in the Vic-
torian ' Hansard ' of 30 July, 1873, p. 892.
This appears to be the same chair mentioned
by MB. JOHN ROBINSON, and yet the fact of
its presentation would seem to show that it
never left the possession of the Manners-
Sutton family. ABTHUB WADSWOBTH,
Librarian, Parliament of the
Commonwealth.
Melbourne.
GAMNECOTJBT IN PICABDY : BABBABA DE
BIEBLE (US. ii. 429, 512). The statement
made at the latter reference by SCOTUS
as to the marriage of John Erskine of Dun,
the Superintendent, to a third wife, Margaret
Keith, is hardly correct. There is no doubt
that John Erskine married first Elizabeth
Lindsay, daughter of David, fifth Earl of
Crawford. She was contracted to him on
20 December, 1522, he being then under
fourteen (Fifth Report Hist. MSS. Comm.,
639) ; and she was his wife when she died
on 29 July, 1538 (' Spalding Club Misc.,'
iv. Pref. Ixvii). He married secondly
Barbara de Bierle, as is proved by a charter
of 20 September, 1543, granted by Sir
Thomas Erskine of Kirkbuddo " nepoti
meo Johanni Erskine de Dwne et Barbara
de Beirle ejus conjugi." She died at Mont-
rose, 15 November, 1572. John Erskine
died 22 March, 1589/90 (ibid,). The
' D.N.B.' wrongly quotes the ' Spalding Club
Miscellany ' as authority for the date
17 June, 1591.
By his first wife Erskine left two sons, John
and Robert, and a daughter Margaret,
married to Patrick Maule of Panmure with
issue, inter olios, two daughters, who both
married great-grandsons of the Superinten-
dent. John, the latter's eldest son, died
vita patris without issue ; the second son
Robert married Catherine Graham, and died
in 1590, leaving with other children an eldest
son John, who married Agnes Ogilvy, and
died the year after his father in 1591 : he
left, besides two sons, David and Arthur,
who married the Maule ladies above men-
tioned, an eldest son John. It was he, and
not his great-grandfather, who married
Margaret Keith. The genealogy no doubt
is somewhat confusing, owing to the fact
that three lairds died in three successive
years. But the succession is proved in
many ways ; it is only necessary to mention
here a charter of 21 October, 1588, by which
Robert Erskine, fiar of Dun, with consent
of John Erskine of Dun his father (the
Superintendent) and John Erskine of Logie
son of the former, granted certain lands to
n s. IIL JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
Margaret Keith, daughter of Robert, Lord
Altrie, and John Erskine, son and apparent
heir of John Erskine of Logie, her future
spouse.
Their marriage contract is dated at Dun
25 August, 1588. After the death of her
husband, Margaret Keith married secondly
Sir John Lindsay of Ballinscho, third son of
David, tenth Earl of Crawford. Their
marriage contract was dated 26 May, 1599.
She died in January, 1602. J. B. P.
I am not primarily concerned as to the
marriage of Barbara de Bierle to John
Erskine in 1543, for I supposed it to be a
well - known fact. I do not know whether
any attempt has been made to demonstrate
it in detail, but the following excerpts from
the ' Reg. Mag. Sig. Scotire ' seem to be fairly
conclusive :
" 8th October, 1543. Confirmation of Charter
of Sir Thomas Erskine of the lands of Kirkbuddo
to his nephew John Erskine of Dun and Barbara
de Bierle his wife."
" 12tlr*? January, 1571/2. Confirmation of
Charter of John Erskine of Dun, who with the
consent of Barbara de Bierle his wife, part owner
of the lands, granted; to John Erskine, son of the
said John and Barbara, the lands of Kirkbuddo."
" 18th August, 1585. Confirmation of Charter
to John Erskine junior, ' filio Johannis Erskine
de Dun inter eum et quondam Barbaram de
Beirlie ejus uxorem genito.' "
Barbara died 15 November, 1572.
As regards the former marriage of John
Erskine, the following excerpt from the
' R.M.S. Scotise ' is under date 20 October,
1535 :
"Precept of Saisine in favour of John Erskine
of Dun and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay his wife by
David, Earl of Crawford."
Who was her brother ? She died 29 July
1638.
In the records known as Registrum de
Panmure appears :
" Patrick Maule married 1562 withe Margaret
Erskine, daughter to Sir Jhone Erskine of Dune
Superintendant of Angus, and Barbara de Bierle
ane Frenchwoman borne in Picardie, dauchter
of the Lord of Gamnecourt quha came in Scotland
withe Marie de Lorraine, Queene Regent. His
wife died 1599. He wes, as his father and for
bears, mikil gewine to haukine and hountaine
and newir did want for that effect haukes anc
dogges. He died 1605."
I am moreover informed that the chartei
chest of the descendants in the male line
of the second marriage referred to abov
contains at least a dozen writs specifying
Barbara as the spouse of John Erskine, anc
carrying in some cases her signature anc
seal. W. C. J.
" LOVE ME, LOVE MY DOG " (11 S. ii.
>22). It is pleasant indeed to read the
cholarly and humane contribution of MB.
3uBBY on the subject of " Love me, love
iy dog " ; his heait must be as that of the
Indian who
Thinks, admitted to an equal sky,
His faithful dog shall bear him company,
and will maintain with scrupulous sincerity
:hat man's greatest companion is unques-
ionably the dog. Often have I pondered
why Sterne should have used such beautiful
English over a donkey rather than a dog.
3ut I wish to add to MB. CUBBY'S notes the
fact that the proverbs in Camden's ' Re-
maines ' are not the earliest in our litera-
ture, because I have in mind John Hey-
wood's ' Proverbes,' first printed in 1546,
and in that collection appears
[s that ye haue bene so veraie a hog
To my freendis. What man, loue me, loue my dog.
Earlier again than Camden is the use made
of the proverb by George Chapman (1612)
in his comedy ' The Widdowes Teares.' Sir
Thomas More reminds us " Whosoever
loveth me, loveth my hound." By the way,
what a peculiar play on the proverb is the
French rendering " Who loves Jack loves
his dog " (" Qui aime Jean aime son chien ") !
S. W. MAY.
Liverpool.
MB. CUBBY is perfectly correct regarding the
unrelieved aversion and disgust of the early
Hebrews for dogs, despite their humani-
tarian consideration for the animal kingdom
in general. To the Hebrews, as to the
Greeks, man alone was worthy of the highest
admiration ; so that such a dictum as " Love
me, love my dog," was hardly compatible
with their philosophy. Still, the dog must
have won some measure of good treatment,
even from that primitive people, when one
of its leading men was named Caleb = dog.
A passage in Theocritus, where the ferocity
of dogs is held in quite as much abhorrence
as it is in the Scriptures, is noteworthy.
The poet enjoins Polyphemus " to keep a
sharp eye on his dog lest he leap up and
rend Galatea's fair flesh " :
rj ras TratSos ri Kva/xatertv opovcnj
Kara 8f oa KO.\OV d
This may be paralleled by a story told in
Tractate Sabbath 63. The good citizens
and others used to breed a species of mastiff,
called by the Rabbins "a caleb rong" or "bad
dog," to warn off vagrants and intruders.
They were the terror of the neighbourhood ;
and on one occasion, say the doctors of the
52
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
Talmud, a woman on her way to the public
bakeries, being barked at by one of these
brutes, was seized with premature labour.
Hence arose the saying " Whoso harbours a
ferocious dog mars the happiness of the home-
stead " ; a proverb which Rashi interprets
to mean " dogs drive away wandering
minstrels and poor scholars, whose presence
in the home is a source of joy." And here
let me put on record an obvious textual
corruption or misreading. The Gemarists
derive that aphorism from Job vi. 14, and
then proceed to add " the Greeks call a dog
lomas," meaning, of course, Av/<vs=wolf.
Are wolves tamable ? Can they be used
as watchdogs ? The point is worth finding
out.
To what extent in later times Jews made
dogs companions in the home it is difficult
to state positively, iinless this passage in the
Mischna implies it: "It is forbidden to
take out dogs on the Sabbath for exercise."
Still, the animal must have advanced in
social favour when we read in Horioth 13
that " a dog knows its owner always ; a
cat never." The dog never rose to the
dignity reached by the ox or the horse :
" Among beasts, the ox ; over birds, chanti-
cleer, is king " (Baba Kama 86). Love of
animals generally is shown in two citations :
" Sit not down to meals until your beast be
fed " (Berachoth 39). " Animals should be
fed at certain intervals, according to their
habits" (Sanhedrin 21).
M. L. R. BBESLAB.
Percy House, South Hackney.
When Sir Walter Scott writes of the dog
or the horse, he invariably illustrates his
own warm predilection and his unique
experience. It may not be amiss to supple-
ment MB. CUBBY'S apposite reference by
recalling the notable tribute paid to the
sagacity of the dog in connexion with the
episode of King Richard's banner which is
vividly delineated in ' The Talisman.' In
chap. xxiv. the king's eulogy, prompted by
Roswal's detection of Conra'de, rests on the
novelist's creed :
" Recollect that the Almighty, who gave the
dog to be companion of our pleasures and our
toils, hath invested him with a nature noble and
incapable of deceit. He forgets neither friend
nor foe remembers, and with accuracy, both
benefit and injury. He hath a share of man's
intelligence, but no share of man's falsehood.
You may bribe a soldier to slay a man with his
sword, or a witness to take life by false accusation ;
but you cannot make a hound tear his benefactor
he is the friend of man, save when man justly
mcurs his enmity."
See also the touching ' Hellvellyn,' giving
the story of the youth who perished on the
mountain-side, with only his devoted terrier
to witness his passing :
Nor yet quite deserted, though lonely extended,
For, faithful in death, his mute favourite attended,
The much-loved remains of her master defended,
And. chased the hill-fox and the raven away.
THOMAS BAYNE.
Why does MB. CUBBY say that the
authority of Homer, in allowing a dog to
live for 20 years, is against that of Aristotle ?
Aristotle's opinion is clearly in favour of
Homer. After stating the length of life of the
Laconian dog, he says :
" Other dogs live, most for about 14 or 15 years*
some even 20 ; wherefore some think that Homer
was correct when in his poetry he made the dog
of Ulysses die in its twentieth year." ' De
Animalibus Hist.,' vi. 21. 4.
WEBNEBINA.
DB. JOHNSON IN THE HUNTING FIELD
(11 S. ii. 525). The extract from The
Periodical comes originally from ' Anec-
dotes of Dr. Johnson, by Mrs. Piozzi '
(first published in 1785), to be found in
* Johnsoniana ; or, Supplement to Boswell,'
1836, Anecdote 99, p. 66. The writer
interpolates some comments, and alters the
original text, i.e., if the original is given in
' Johnsoniana,' where the first part of the
anecdote is :
" He certainly rode on Mr. [not " Mrs."]
Thrale's old hunter with a good firmness, and
though he would follow the hounds fifty miles
an [not " on "] end sometimes, would never own
himself either tired or amused."
The last few lines should not be omitted :
" He was however proud to be amongst the
sportsmen ; and I think no praise ever went so
close to his heart, as when Mr. Hamilton called
out one day upon Brighthelmstone Downs,
' Why, Johnson rides as well, for aught I see,
as the most illiterate fellow in England.' "
A foot-note says :
" Mr. Boswell says, that Johnson once hunted ;
this seems more probable than Mrs. Piozzi's
and Hawkins's statements, from which it would
be inferred that he hunted habitually."
Anecdote 606, on a page (397) headed
" Kearsley. Boothby," is as follows :
" Being asked his opinion of hunting, he said,
' It was the labour of the savages of North Ame-
rica, but the amusement of the gentlemen of
England.' "
In Anecdote 657 (apparently one of
Ooker's), pp. 427-8, Johnson says that
pleasure is derived from hunting " because
man feels his vacuity less in action than
when at rest." ROBEBT PIEBPOINT.
ii s. in. JAN. 21, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
WET HAY (11 S. ii. 469, 535). It will
probably surprise many, and especially all
such as have a kindly regard for the dog as the
friend of man, to hear that " wet hay, rather
than dry hay, is the ordinary furnishing
of a dog-kennel." Their astonishment will
be intensified when they learn further that
the treatment of a noble animal implied in
this statement is deliberate and habitual.
" Exposure to moist atmosphere," we are
told, " will soon render hay damp enough.
It is not very often renewed, being con-
sidered good enough for a dog." One
wonders what will be thought of state-
ments of this kind by owners and keepers,
from the shepherd with his collie and the
collier with hip, lurcher to the lady who
pampers her lapdog and the managers of such
kennels as those of the Beaufort and Quorn
hunts. Those .unfamiliar with the dog and
his ways may overlook the fact that he is
delicate as well as faithful and energetic, and
that rheumatism is one of the troubles
that would inevitably disable him if he were
constantly doomed to rest on damp hay.
THOMAS BAYNE.
SIR LYONELL GUEST (11 S. ii. 509).
He was the only son of Alexander Guest of
Tewkesbury by Margery, dau. of John
Meredeth of Upper Weld, Bucks, and came
to Ireland as a captain in the Army about
1595. He m. 1st Elizabeth, dau. and heir of
Simon Love of Northamptonshire, by whom
he had an only dau. Elizabeth, who m.
Edward Rondell of London. He m. 2ndly
Elinor, widow of David O'Duda of Castle
Connor, co. Sligo, dau. of Patrick Lynch
of The Knock, co. Meath. He died about
1620. His widow m. Srdly Capt. William
May ; 4thly (as 2nd wife), Capt. Lisagh
O'Connor of Leixlip ; and 5thly (as 2nd
wife) Gerald Fitz Gerald of Gla'ssealy, co.
Kildare. G. D. B.
EUSEBY CLEAVER, ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN
(11 S. ii. 489). Archbishop Cleaver married
Catherine, daughter of the Right Hon.
Owen Wynne, M.P., of Hazlewood, co.
Sligo, by the Hon. Anne Maxwell, daughter
of John, 1st Lord Farnham, and sister of
Robert, Earl of Farnham. The prerogative
marriage licence between Euseby Cleaver
of Dublin, D.D., and Catherine Wynne of
St. Michan's, Dublin, is dated 28 April, 1788.
Brady (' Records of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross,'
iii. 81) says they were married in May.
The marriage almost certainly took place at
St. Michan's. HENRY B. SWANZY.
[L. A YV. also thanked for reply.]
WILLIAM FITZGERALD (11 S. ii. 489)
was eldest son of John F., Dean of Cork.
He entered T.C.D. 22 June, 1660, aged 17
(Brady's ' Cork '). HENRY B. SWANZY.
ROGERSON COTTER (11 S. ii. 489).
Rogerson Cotter, son of Sir J. Cotter, and
Fellow of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, was called
to the Irish Bar in Trinity Term, 1773.
If G. F. R. B. cares to communicate with
me, I can supply him with further particulars
concerning John and Joseph Nixon than are
given in * Alumni West.'
HENRY B. SWANZY.
The Rectory, Omeath, co. Louth.
JOHN COSTON IN ST. BOTOLPH'S, ALDERS-
GATE (11 S. ii. 485). It may not be out of
place to give a copy of the inscription
which stood on the " S. side of the entrance
to the Chancel " in St. Botolph's Church in
1708 :
Pars Terrestris
Joannis Coston, Registrar!! sedis Archiepisco-
palis Cantuar. Principalis Amceq: Curias Cant,
de ArcubusLond.procuratorum generalium unius.
Sexaginta Annos cum multa pietate & probitate
sub polo prajtergressus 3 Julii 1614. Animam
effavit. Relictis Simone & Anna, filio & filia
unicis in Sacros Cineres redact, sub pedibus diem
Novemb. expectat. 'A New View of London/
vol. i. (1708) p. 160.
The inscription was on a marble monu-
ment with " Scelletons Heads," and the arms
were carved in " Basso releivo."
ALFRED CHAS. JONAS.
NOTTINGHAM MONASTERY NOT IN DUGDALE
(11 S. ii. 468). The passage referred to is
evidently the following :
" Titulus Ecclesie Sancte Trinitatis de Notyng-
ham. Anima ejus et anime omnium ndelium
defunctorum requiescant in pace. Amen. Orate
pro nostris Hugone (pr.), Lamberto (pr.), Walterio
(mo.), Radulfo (mo.), Willielmo (mo.), Roberto
(mo.), Walterio (mo.), et pro ceteris."
The reviewer uses the term " a founda-
tion." S.
My inquiry on this subject has been
courteously replied to direct by a gentle-
man connected with the Public Record
Office. It incidentally appears that (as
I had previously surmised) the reviewer I
quoted had not unnaturally arrived at an
erroneous conclusion. The text of the
French roll of circa 1120 refers to the
" Church of the Holy Trinity of Notting-
ham." We have, however, parallel evi-
dences testifying that this was but an early
appellation of the great priory, of like dedica-
tion, at Lenton, on the confines of the
NOTES AND QUERIES- [11 s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
ancient borough, which it spiritually
dominated. The inmates are further styled,
in the earliest existing Pipe Roll, circa 1130,
"'monks of Nottingham" a passage that
puzzled our old-time local historians.
A. STAPLETON.
DEFOE METHODIST CHAPEL, TOOTING (11 S.
ii. 505). Daniel Defoe died on 24 April,
1731, in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate,
in which he was born. He was buried in the
old Nonconformist burying-ground in Bun-
hill Fields. The inscription on his monu-
ment reads as follows :
Daniel De Foe
Born 1661
Died 1731
Author of Robinson Crusoe.
This monument is the result of an appeal in
The Christian World newspaper to the boys and
girls of England for funds to place a suitable
memorial upon the grave of
Daniel De Foe.
It represents the united contributions of seven-
teen hundred persons.
September 1870.
HENRY TAYLOR.
Birklands, Birkdale, Lancashire.
Defoe was buried in Bunhill Fields,
where exists a memorial over his grave
(see 8 S. iii. 37). This obelisk replaced the
original gravestone, which, according to an
engraving in The Illustrated London News
of 23 October, 1869, was thus inscribed :
Daniel Defoe
author of
Robinson Crusoe
who died April 24, 1731
in his 70 th year.
An engraving of the present memorial
appeared in The Illustrated Times of 1 Octo-
ber, 1870. JOHN T. PAGE.
According to The Balham and Tooting News
of 24 December, 1910 :
" The secularization of the Primitive Methodist
Chapel at Tooting, formerly in the hands of the
Independents or Congregationalists, has revived a
number of absurd legends about Daniel Defoe's
association with Tooting .... The cold truth is
that Defoe was interred in Bunhill Fields Burial-
Ground, Finsbury."
L. L. K.
[DIEGO and MR. ALAN STEWART also thanked for
replies.]
REV. F. W. FABER (11 S. ii. 489). Faber'
was buried, I think, at the Oratorians' villa
at Sydenham. I believe I have seen his
tablet there, but am not sure.
G. W. E. RUSSELL.
NAPOLEON AND THE LITTLE RED MAN
(11 S. ii. 447, 511). For the full story of
which that given at the latter reference is
apparently an abbreviation see The Gentle-
man's Magazine of 1815, part i. pp. 122-3, or
" The Gentleman's Magazine Library,"
edited by G. L. Gomme, ' English Traditional
Lore,' &c., 1885, p. 202 et seq. The article
is signed " Gulielmus."
The man who overheard what took place
between Buonaparte and the Red Man was,
according to Gulielmus, Count Mole (not
Mole). He is described as " then counsellor
of State, and since made Grand Judge of the
Empire." ROBERT PIERPOINT.
In Heine's ' Deutschland, ein Winter-
marchen,' written in January, 1844, is an
interesting reference to the story of the Red
Man. The passage occurs at the beginning of
" Kaput VI." :
Den Paganini begleitete stets
Ein Spiritus Familiaris,
Manchmal als Hund, manchmal in gestalt
Des seligen Georg Harrys.
Napoleon sah einen roten Mann
Vorjedem ivicht 'gen Ereignis.
Sokrates hatte seinen Damon,
Das war kein Hirnerzeugnis. "
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
COUNT OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
(11 S. ii. 509). The Holy Roman Empire
ceased to exist in 1806, when Francis II. of
Austria resigned his right to the crown of
Augustus. See Bryce's ' Holy Roman
Empire,' Oxford, 1864, p. 153. Those who
still claim to be Counts of the Holy Roman
Empire can only do so on the ground of
direct descent from families holding the
title previous to 1806, and also as possessing
in hereditary succession lands and heritages
formerly embraced within the limits of the
Holy Roman Empire. W. S. S.
A Count of the Holy Roman Empire,
who was formerly only subject to the
imperial Government is now called " Reichs-
graf," and is addressed as "Erlaucht." The
chiefs of these families, called " die Haupter
der ehemals reichsstandischen graflichen
Familien," have a high rank at the Prussian
Court as well as at the other German Courts.
At the Prussian Court they have a lower
rank than the Knights of the Order of the
Black Eagle, the Cardinals, and the chiefs
of the princely families (" die Haupter der
fiirstlichen Familien"), but come before
the vice-presidents of the Ministries of State.
Of the above-mentioned families that of the
ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
Duke of Arenberg takes the highest rank.
All the civil persons named above have a
higher rank than a general, but a lower one
than a field-marshal. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
[MR. HOLDEN MAcMicuAEL also thanked for reply.]
EMINENT LIBRARIANS : J. G. COGSWELL
(11 S. ii. 489, 538; iii. 13). Joseph Green
Cogswell, the original librarian of the Astor
Library, New York City, brought to this
country the first copy of Shakespeare's First
Folio, which he purchased for the Library in
1849 at the now enviable price of 161.
It may not be amiss to say here that in
1895 the Astor and Lenox Libraries, both of
which had received additional large endow-
ments from the families of their respective
founders, were consolidated with the Tilden
Trust which possessed a fund of over two
million dollars to form the present New
York Public Library. The great building,
for its main occupancy is not yet completed,
and the Astor and Lenox branches are still
in their original homes. The number of
volumes possessed by the consolidated
libraries is considerably over a million and a
quarter, not counting more than a quarter
million of pamphlets. M. C. L.
New York.
A " memorial " volume of Cogsw'ell's life
and labours was written by Anna E. Ticknor,
and privately printed at Boston, Massachu-
setts, in 1874. JOHN T. LOOMIS.
Washington, D.C.
PAUPER'S BADGE (US. ii. 487). It may
perhaps be worth remembering that Edie
Ochiltree, the old beggarman in Scott's
* Antiquary,' is introduced to the reader as
wearing a long blue gown with a pewter
badge on the right arm. This appears to
have been the usual outward adornment of
blue-gown beggars in Scotland towards the
close of the eighteenth century. Originally
known as " King's Bedesmen," they de-
generated in course of time into a class of
recognized mendicants. On the king's birth-
day each bedesman received a gown or cloak
of blue cloth. He also wore a large pewter
badge, fastened to the breast of the gown,
containing the bearer's name, together
with the inscription " Pass and Repass."
At Dundee in 1892 was exhibited, among a
number of archaeological and historical
articles, a " Dundee beggar's badge," the
property of a local gentleman. Every
king's birthday a new bedesman was added
to the number, but this practice was dis-
continued in 1833, at which period there were
sixty on the roll. In 1860 the number
had diminished to one. It will be observed
that the Scottish differed from the English
badge required under the Act of William III.
SCOTUS.
CHARLES FREDERICK HENNINGSEN AND
KOSSUTH (11 S. ii. 510). There is a short
account of Henningsen in Appleton's
' Cyclopaedia of American Biography.' He
is there stated to have been born in England
of Swedish parents in 1815, and to have died
in Washington in 1877. According to the
same authority he joined the Carlist army
in 1834 and rose to the rank of colonel,
served in the Russian army in Circassia, was
with Kossuth in the Hungarian revolution,
and went to the United States to represent
Hungarian interests, was a brigadier-general
under the filibustering president Walker
of Nicaragua, and, finally, a brigadier-
general in the Confederate army. He is said
to have been an able artillerist, and to have
devoted much attention to improvements
in small arms. The titles of several of his
published works are given.
EDWARD BENSLY.
Henningsen seems to have been a soldier
of fortune. His first published work was
a book of poetry, ' The Last of the Sophis,'
issued by Longman in 1830. In 1831 he
published through the same firm * Scenes
from the Belgian Revolution.' The title
implies some participation in Belgian affairs.
Then comes the work by which he is, on the
whole, best known, ' The Most Striking
Events of a Twelvemonth's Campaign with
Zumalacarregui in Navarre and the Basque
Provinces,' by C. F. Henningsen, " Captain
of Lancers in the service of Don Carlos,"
2 vols., Murray, 1836. The book is the best
account we have of the heroic chieftain,
whose fall sounded the death-knell of Carlist
hopes in Spain. Subsequently Henning-
sen seems to have betaken himself to
Hungary, where he served under Kossuth.
W. SCOTT.
" KEEP WITHIN COMPASS," TAVERN SIGN
(11 S. ii. 505). In the village of West
Haddon, Northamptonshire, there is an
inn known as " The Compass." Up till about
1860 the following words were displayed
beneath the sign :
Keep within Compass,
And then you '11 be sure
To avoid many troubles
That others endure.
JOHN T. PAGE.
56
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. JAN. 21, 1911.
"OLD COCK o' WAX" (11 S. ii. 528).
This expression had no political meaning.
In the ' Slang Dictionary ' by Sampson
(Pendragon of The Referee] the expression
is " cock-a-wax," and is denned as "an
amplification of the simple term ' Cock,'
sometimes ' Lad of Wax,' originally applied
to a cobbler, but now general." Every one
must have heard the expression " old cocky-
wax," often so pronounced and written.
HARRY B. POLAND.
[MB. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL and SCOTUS also
thanked for replies.]
LEAKE AND MARTIN-LEAKE FAMILIES
(11 S. ii. 528). Stephen Martin-Leakc,
Garter King-of-Arms, had a family of six
sons and three daughters. Burke's ' Landed
Gentry ' omits the names of the children,
except that of the eldest son. Sarah Martin-
Leake was probably the Garter King's
daughter. The dates in the query seem to
preclude the possibility of any other relation-
ship. W. S. S.
See 8 S. vi. 281 ; ix. 323, 463.
JOHN T. PAGE.
'TiT FOR TAT,' AMERICAN NOVEL (US.
ii. 489). About the middle of the last cen-
tury Hurst & Blackett published a novel
in three volumes entitled ' Tit for Tat.'
The author was Mrs. M. E. Smith, about
whom nothing seems to be known, except
that another novel, published about 1850,
stands against her name. I am by no means
certain that Mrs. M. E. Smith's ' Tit for Tat
is the novel referred to in the query. More
than one ' Tit for Tat ' was put before the
public during last century. Several lady
authors named Smith appear in the pages
of Allibone, but he does not seem to have
been acquainted with the writings of Mrs
M. E. Smith. W. SCOTT.
" WINCHESTER QUART " : " CORBYN "
" CHOPIN " (11 S. ii. 405, 495). I have been
familiar with the first two terms for thi
whole of my business life, but have sough
in vain for an explanation of them. There
can be no doubt, I think, that " Corbyn '
is transferred from the firm of that nam<
already referred to. The querist spoke of
" Winchester quart " as indicating a bottle
of the capacity of eighty -two ounces.
Whatever may have been the case originally,
the bottles now so called are of variable
capacity, and have been so for as long as I
can remember. A customer will order from
his wholesale house a large or a small "Win-
chester," according to his requirements, the
difference being sometimes as much as-
wenty ounces (a pint), or even more.
Generally, however, a " Winchester " is-
egarded as twice the size of a " Corbyn," the
apacity of the latter being about forty
mnces.
I cannot find either term in any dictionary or
ther book of reference, but Cassell's ' Encyc.
Diet.' has : " A Winchester pint, i.e., a quart.
Seal'd Winchester of threepenny guzzle.' T,
Brown, ' Works,' ii. 180 ;" arid the ' Century
Diet.' : " Winchester pint, a measure a
ittle more than a wine-pint and less than a
Deer-pint." Winchester measure was formerly
standard measure. " Winchester pint " is.
lot often heard now in the drug trade, but I
:ancy it would not necessarily indicate any
definite quantity only roughly the size of
the bottle. C. C. B.
What W. I. has often enjoyed in Germany
was, no doubt, a " Schoppen " of Rhenish
wine. In Fluegel's dictionary the meaning
of " Schoppen " is given as " scoop, chopin,
pint " ; but " chopin " is not to be found in
the English-German part. L. L. K.
" Chopin," or rather " Chopine," is really
only a French borrowing from the German
" Schoppen," which means half a bottle.
An excellent account of the word is given in
Grimm's great German dictionary. It is
not at all uncommon for the French to
borrow German words connected with
drinking, as they have done in this case.
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
[MB. M. L. R. BRESLAR also thanked for reply.]
MOVING PICTURES TO CINEMATOGRAPHS
(11 S. ii. 502, 537). Many additions could be
made to MR. TOM JONES'S excellent note if
the title was intended to cover all paintings
with mechanical effects and the repro-
ductions with movement of scenes. It is
difficult, however, to realize from the descrip-
tions on the showmen's handbills if the
pictures are only working models or actually
full-sized panoramas. Here are a few
examples taken at random.
The " Akolouthorama," painted by G. D.
! Gibbs, was exhibited at 213, Piccadilly, in
! 1844. It was a series of scenes to illustrate
| the Prince de Joinville's Expedition to
i Mogadore. There evidently were some
| mechanical effects, as the last picture is
i described as " Allegorical Picture. Moga-
i dore, Morning. The French Squadron before
| the town Bombardment Conflagration
! and destruction of the City."
s. m. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIP:S.
57
M. Le Fort & Co. had a " Mechanical and
Picturesque Cabinet " at 35, Piccadilly,
circa 1814. " The performance " concluded
with " A Storm at Sea " :
" This view is accompanied with all the cha-
racteristic phenomena, an agitated sea .... clouds
which, by degrees, obscure the sky. . . .lightning,
thunder, &c. .... Vessels beating against the
tempest struck by a thunderbolt, and engulphed
in the waves ; in fine, the seamen, endeavouring
to save themselves from the neighbouring rocks,
offer a faithful representation of nature."
Marshall's panoramas, exhibited (1823) at
The Great Room, Spring Gardens, moved.
His " Grand Historical Perestrephic Pano-
rama of the Coronation Procession " was
accompanied by a full military band,
" finger organ, &c." There must have been
many similar efforts to give reality by motion
to panoramas and their predecessors, and
careful research between 1780 and 1830
should produce some interesting additional
data. ALECK ABBAHAMS.
MB. TOM JONES gives the date of Philip-
stal's Phantasmagoria as about 1848 (11 S.
ii. 503, col. 2) ; but it would seem that the
invention should have been dated nearly
half a century earlier, as the ' N.E.D.'
under ' Phantasmagoria ' has the following
quotation from Brewster's ' Natural Magic,'
iv. 80, published in 1831 : "An exhibition
depending on these principles was brought
out by M. Philipstal in 1802, under the name
of the Phantasmagoria." A description
follows similar to that supplied by MB.
JONES. J. R. THOBNE.
The meaning of the first correction at the
second reference is far from clear. It is said
to apply to "the last sentence in col. 1,
p. 503." Possibly it is meant to apply
to the end of the fourth paragraph of that
column. ROBEBT PIEBPOINT.
[MR. PIERPOINT is right. The words " of the
fourth paragraph " should have followed " the
last sentence."]
COBN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST
MILLEB (11 S. ii. 508; iii. 12). In Rother-
ham Churchyard, Yorkshire, is a recumbent
stone bearing inter alia the following in-
scription : In
memory of
Edward Swair
who departed this
life June 16th 1781
aged 50 years.
Here lies a man which farmers lov'd
Who always to them constant proved
Dealt with freedom just and fair
An honest miller all declare.
JOHN T. PAGE.
The epitaph quoted by MB. LEONABD
HODSON (ante, p. 13) as American and
possibly apocryphal is neither the one nor
the other. A diarist in 1787 saw it in the
churchyard of Calne, co. Wilts.
S. H. A. H.
In the old gleaning days, when the result
of a month's gleanings had been " rubbed
out" by hand, or in some cases "flailed"
on a bedroom floor, the grain was sent to the
mill for grinding. Often there was wonder-
ing how it would turn out, for there was a
saying that the Miller stood with one hand
on his hopper, the other in your sack. There
was also another saying which ran : " Take
an honest butcher's hat, throw it in an
honest miller's dam, and dry it in an honest
baker's oven." If such a combination could
be found, the hat would cure a toothache.
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
R's OF SAILOBS (11 S. ii. 527). In the
muster-book R, meaning " run," was placed
against the names of deserters : see ' N.E.D.,'
viii. 81, where a quotation of 1706 gives the
very phrase "have their R's taken off."
W. C. B.
[MB. TOM JONES and W. S. S. also thanked for
replies.]
ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S.
ii. 488 ; iii. 15). The passage referred to
by MB. G. W. E. RUSSELL occurs in Charles
Kingsley's ' Two Years Ago,' at the end of
the second chapter.
I do not think it was so much a mis-
quotation by Kingsley as a purposed adapta-
tion of the Laureate's lines to suit his own
prose text. W. B. H.
[MB. R. A. POTTS also refers to ' Two Years Ago.']
INSCBIPTIONS IN CHUBCHES AND CHUBCH-
YABDS (US. ii. 389, 453, 492, 537). Some
remarks made on this subject are very much
to the point. I have for long been interested
in churchyard inscriptions, thinking they
have been too much neglected.
I collected all those in the churchyard of
High Halden, Kent, and they were printed
in 1895 (noticed in ' N. & Q.').
I transcribed all those in the churchyard
of Hail sham, Sussex, and gave the volume
to a resident interested in local history.
I also transcribed all in the churchyard of
West Putford, Devonshire, and a fair copy
of them was placed in the church chest.
I did the same for the old churchyard
beyond Ore, Sussex, and the Rector placed
the collection in the parish chest.
58
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
The churchyard of St. Mary Redcliff,
Bristol, is enclosed, and I understood there
would be objections to the inscriptions being
transcribed. But I made an exact copy of
all the inscriptions within this splendid
church, and gave the volume to Mr. Cross,
the well-informed head verger. For the
very lengthy Penn inscription I had to use a
long ladder, and the verger had the inscrip-
tion printed so that it could be sold to
visitors ; and it was printed in ' N. & Q.' also
(9 S. iv. 285), but has not, I believe, appeared
in any book.
In all these cases I was surprised to find
how perseverance, and the application some-
times of a sponge with water, enabled words,
apparently obliterated, to be recovered.
The remark about keeping the church and
churchyard inscriptions separate is, I think,
practical ; and I have long been of the same
opinion. Church inscriptions generally have
not been neglected, and numbers of them
have been entered in county histories, and
those that have not been recorded are well
protected. It is the very opposite with
churchyard inscriptions. They, with few
exceptions, have not been copied ; they are
exposed to every form of bad weather, and
every year defaces some inscriptions. Yet
they are a curious and interesting class of
istone records, and numbers of them contain
information not elsewhere found. Perhaps
the easiest and most practical method would
be for some society of good standing to
agree to be the official custodian of all
out-of-door mortuary inscriptions in Eng-
land. Private persons could .then send
their transcripts to this centre, where they
would be filed and indexed, and printed if
opportunity offered. At least they would
be preserved for reference, &c. L. M. B.
COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS
WAY" (11 S. iii. 10). This hymn first
appeared anonymously in the Bev. J.
Newton's ' Twenty-Six Letters on Beligious
Subjects, to which are added Hymns, &c., by
Omicron.' This work was published in 1774.
The hymns are fourteen in number ; the
one in question is entitled ' Light shining
out of Darkness.' It contains six stanzas :
the fifth, referred to by MR. SURR, runs
thus :
His purposes will ripen fast,
Unfolding every hour ;
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the flower.
It is commonly thought that the hymn was
composed soon after an attack of suicidal
mania at Olney in October, 1773, but
Canon Julian thinks it probable that it was-
really written about six months afterwards,
in April, 1774, shortly before publication,
when the poet's mind had somewhat re-
covered. The authorship was not disclosed
until 1779 in the ' Olney Hymns.'
W. T. LYNN.
Blaokheath.
In my copy of the first edition of the
' Olney Hymns,' published in 1779, this
appears as Hymn XV. in the third book.
It is preceded by the letter " C.," indicating
Cowper's authorship. I understand it wa&
the last hymn he wrote for his friend
Newton's collection. There are six verses,
of which the one referred to by MR. SURR
is the fifth. It is printed thus :
His purposes will ripen fast,
Unfolding ev'ry hour ;
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the llow'r.
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.
Julian's ' Dictionary of Hymnology, r
p. 1642, says that the verse in MS. runs,
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But wait to smell the flower.
In print the last line appeared as
But sweet will be the flower.
A reference is given to ' N. & Q.,' 24 Sept. r
1905. LAWRENCE PHILLIPS.
[The reference is wrong. It should have been
to 24 Sept., 1904 (10 S. ii. 244). C. C. B. and MR,
R. A. POTTS also thanked for replies.]
'PILGRIM'S PROGRESS' IMITATED (11 S,
iii. 9). ' The Progress of the Pilgrim Good-
Intent ' was written by Mary Anne Burges-
(1763-1813), whose biography is included
in the ' D.N.B.' The book appeared first
in 1800, and ran through several editions, the
tenth appearing in 1822.
M. A. M. MACALISTER,
ISOLA FAMILY (US. ii. 525). The testi-
mony to Agostino Isola's character by
Henry Gunning has not escaped Mr. E. V.
Lucas, and is duly recorded by him in the
* Life of Charles Lamb.' SUSSEX,
" CAEQEHOUIAS " (US. iii. 9). In place
of this portentous ghost-word I would
suggest cacophonias. When the two are
written side by side, it is easy to see how the
misprint occurred. EDWARD BENSLY.
Not having seen the original letter, I
should "humbly suggest " cacophonies."
C. J.
ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
on
ir//i8 about Jerusalem. By the Rev. J. E.
Hanauer. (London Society for Promoting
Christianity among the Jews.)
THOUGH written by a missionary and published
by a missionary society, this is a book of un-
restricted interest, being, in fact, a learned,
closely detailed survey of Jerusalem and its
immediate surroundings, from a point of view
entirely human, by one who is regarded as the
chief authority on the folk-lore and topography
of Palestine.
Mr. Hanauer is a native of Jerusalem, and has
spent most of his life there. He has seen ex-
plorers, excavators, come and go ; has weighed
their theories, but has kept an open mind. The
present work, so unpretentious in appearance, is
the result of the personal investigation and
research of fifty years ; and, though it purports
to be little more than a gossiping guide-book for
the Protestant pilgrim, offers a mine of informa-
tion to all future writers on Jerusalem. It con-
tains more curious local knowledge than did the
author's ' Folk-lore of the Holy Land ' ; which
is saying much. On the first page we learn the
reason why the southern and eastern faces of the
older buildings of the city have an ochre tinge
" a remarkable shower of yellow mud that fell
early in February, 1857, plastering the houses
from top to bottom " ; and every page has its
touch of personal reminiscence giving life to the
dry bones of archaeology.
Mr. Hanauer describes Jerusalem as he first
remembers it in 1860. In those days there were
only three houses outside the walls, and those
quite newly built. "The gates were closed at
sunset, and also on Fridays " for two hours while
the garrison was at mosque, and a special permit,
" not always obtainable," was required before
one could enter or leave the city :
" The writer, on several occasions about 1867,
when he was serving on Sir Charles Warren's
excavations, had himself lowered by a rope over
the city wall in order to be at his appointed post
outside the town. . . .The roadway was unpaved.
In the rainy season there was a ' slough of des-
pond ' outside the gateway, and in the open space
inside, within the city, a pond about one foot
deep," which could be passed on stepping-stones
kindly provided by the municipality. " In
summer the bed of the little lake was encumbered
with all sorts of filth, and not unfrequently by the
rotting carcases of dogs, cats, and smaller crea-
tures." The tannery close to the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre and the shambles at the entrance
to the Jewish quarter nuisances preserved by
the Muslims expressly to annoy the " infidels "
\\-i-re then still in existence.
Mr. Hanauer is that most useful of beings, the
local antiquary, a born lover of things ancient,
who, in a modest station and with few books of
reference, has yet, by patience and indefatigable
industry, made himself completely master of his
subject. He is acquainted with every stone of
the city, and knows Hebrew and Arabic tho-
roughly as modern languages. His descriptions
of the Haram esh-Sherif (the Temple Area) and
of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre are the result
of personal research, and will astonish casual
writers on those subjects. The book abounds
in matter worthy of quotation, and by quotation,
only can we hope to indicate its scope and value ^
We choose at random :
" Christian ^Street is remarkably straight and,,
for the first part of its course, level, the reason
being that in that part it passes along the top
of a huge and very ancient dam or causeway,
which forms the eastern limit of the Pool of
Hezekiah. The western side of the dam-top has
houses built along it ; that is why this remarkable
specimen of ancient engineering, which is about
200 ft. long and 50 wide, escapes notice."
" As we walk through the old bazaars. . . .here
and there where the white-washed plaster has
fallen we remark old lettering cut into the stones ;:
generally a capital T or ' Seta Anna.' The former
shows that the shops or buildings on which it
occurs belonged to the Knights Templars, and the-
latter marks the property of the Crusaders'
church and nunnery of St. Anne just inside
St. Stephen's Gate. The new buildings which
in the last twenty years have been erected by the
Greeks are in like manner marked with <, the
monogram of ' taphos,' the Sepulchre."
"To escape from the throng we turn aside into
a coffee-shop with a thoroughfare leading right
through it, an old cruciform church . . . .Tradition
says that it was built on the site of the house-
which belonged to Zebedee. The Franciscans
curiously hold that the reason why St. John was
known to the high priest was the very simple one
that the family of Zebedee used to supply the high*
priest's family with fish from the lake of Gennes-
areth ; and, as that was at least three days'"
journey from Jerusalem, the Apostle's parents
must have had a dwelling and a place of business
in the Holy City."
Mr. Hanauer offers a new suggestion as to the
origin of the Greek ceremony of the Holy Fire.
Quoting Eusebius, though at second hand, he
writes :
" It was on the great Vigils of the Feast of
Easter, when oil was wanting for the church, and
the drawers were greatly perplexed, that he
[Narcissus, Bishop of ^lia Capitolina A.D. 180-
222] ordered them to draw water from the nearest
well, which, being consecrated by his prayers, and
poured into the lamps with sincere faith in the
Lord, contrary to all reason and expectation,
by a miraculous and Divine power, was changed
into the fatness of oil."
It was Mr. Hanauer who, some years ago,
succeeded in identifying the Philip D'Aubeny
whose tombstone is before the doorway of the
Church of the Sepulchre with Sir Philip D'Aubeny,
tutor of our Henry TIL In his description of the-
Mosque El Aksa, in the present work, he writes
of the so-called " Tomb of the Sons of Aaron " :
" It marks the last resting-place of some of the
murderers of Th omas a Becket. . . .Their epitaph,,
now totally effaced, ran, translated into English,
thus : ' Here lie the wretches who martyred the
blessed Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury.' "
By way of adverse criticism we must say that
the book is much too full of learned matter to
serve its purpose as a simple guide-book for the-
pious.
60
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
MR. BERTRAM DOBELL'S Catalogue 191 has
lists under Angling and Astrology. Under
Bacon are his ' Essays ' and ' Advancement of
Learning,' 4to, calf, 1629, the two works bound
in one, in fine condition, 61. 6s. Under Costume
are 48*etchings of female costume, 1643-9, 11. 5s.
Works under Drama include Joseph Knight's
copy of Randall's ' Rival Managers,' with his
book-plate and signature, 7s. Qd. Under James
Hogg is the first edition of the first publication
of the Ettrick Shepherd, Edinburgh, 1801, uncut,
11 12s. Under Thomas Hood are first editions.
Under Juvenile is the Rev. E. Mangin's ' Stories
for Short Students,' 1829, 3s. Qd. it contains a
curious account of Shakespeare : " But with all
this he had, as a writer, many great faults, for
some of which he deserves to be despised or hated
by the wise and good." Under Lytton is a rare
item * Weeds and Wild Flowers,' not published,
Paris 1826, 11. 10s. ; under Natural History are
the privately printed works of Theo. Johnson ;
and under Thomas Love Peacock are first
editions. There is a list under Shakespeare.
Shelley items include his ' Letters to Elizabeth
Kitchener,' edited by Thomas Wise, first edition,
.one of a very few on vellum, 2 vols,, privately
rHntpd 1890, 4L 4s. Under Swinburne is the
first edition of ' Poems and Ballads,' Moxon, 1866,
A fine copy of the original issue, with the original
title-page, SI. 8s. The first edition of ' Endymion,'
.enclosed in crushed blue-morocco slip case, is Q51. ;
and the first edition of ' The Newcomes,' 2 ! vols., in
the original parts, Ql. 6s. There is a list of Foreign
Books, chiefly French.
Mr J Jacobs's Catalogue 55 opens with
souvenirs of Marion Crawford, being volumes
from his library containing his autograph signa-
ture and his book-plate. Other items include
under Byron, bound in one volume, The Giaour,
Iftia 'The Corsair,' 1814, and ' The Bride of
Ahydos,' with the rare errata, 1813, OZ. 9s. Under
Diamond Necklace Affair are ' Memoires jxisti-
ficatifs de la Comtesse de Valois de la Motte,
half-calf a Londres, 1788, 31. 3s. Books on
London include Stow, black-letter, 1603 2* 2s.
Other items are Phillips's ' New World of Words,
1671 11 ' ' Encyclopaedic Dictionary, 8 vols.,
4to, half -morocco," 1902-4, 11. 15s. ; ' Harmsworth
Encyclopaedia,' 8 vols., 4to, 11. 10s ; Michaelis s
< AnJaent Marbles,' translated by Fennell, 1881
15s.; and Pickering's 'Spenser, 5 vols., half -
ralf 1825 21 5s. Under New Testament is the
first Spanish Protestant edition (by Cypriano de
Valera), 1596, 21. 15s. (not represented at the
Caxton Exhibition). There are many works
under Music.
Mr. G. A. Poynder's Reading Catalogue 57
contains under Architecture an extra-illustrated
.copy of Sharpe's ' Architecture of the Cistercians,
4to, morocco, 1874-6, 31. 3s. Under Botany are
Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vols. I.-XX. 1
10 vols., tree calf, 1803-4, 21. 12s Qd. ; and
Paxton's Maqazine, 16 vols., half-morocco,
1840-48, 61. 15s. The general portion includes
BryctN 'American Commonwealth,' Library
Edition, 3 vols., 1888 3L 3s.; De Morgan s
' Budget of Paradoxes,' first edition 1872, 21 5s ;
Fielding and Walton's ' English Lakes, large
-paper, arge 4to, half -morocco, Ackermann, 1821,
4Z. 10s. ; and Barrington's ' Ireland,' 2 vols.,
imperial 4to, half green morocco, 1833, 21. 15s.
(this was officially suppressed). There are works
under Illustrations of the Sixties, Longevity, and
Occult. Under Music is Hill's ' Organs of the
Middle Ages,' 2 vols., imperial folio, cloth gilt,
tops uncut, 1883-91, 51. 10s. ; and under Milton
is Sir E. Brydges's edition with the Turner illus-
trations, 6 vols., half-morocco, 1835, 21. 2s.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
NICOLAS MORY. We regret to record the death
on Thursday evening, the 12th inst., at Boulogne-
sur-Mer, of M. Nicolas Mory. It was to him we
owed the first notice of the valuable discoveries
made by M. Magne at Fontevrault, and at the
time of his death he and his eldest son were taking
steps to ascertain for us the origin of the copies
at the Crystal Palace of the effigies from the
Plantagenet tombs. M. Mory was fond of
antiquarian pursuits, had a good knowledge of
the classics, and delighted in quoting Horace.
He was a friend of Mariette, the French Egypt-
ologist, and was proud to point out the statue
of him close to his residence in the Boulevard
Mariette.
On the 26th of August, 1905, we had a note
stating that Nicolas Alexandre Toussaint Mory,
the grandfather of the subject of this notice,
brought copies of the Treaty of Peace in 1815 to
London, for publication in the English press. It
had appeared in the Moniteur on the 26th of
November, and within thirty-three hours Mory
arrived in London with copies of it. The treaty
appeared the following morning in all the London
papers, where the French Ambassador read it
for the first time. It was not until the same
day that the official news was received at Calais.
M. Mory will be long mourned by a large circle
of friends. He had that true courtesy of the
heart which endears a man to all.
10 (K0msp0ntontj8u
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
C. N. ("Ashen Faggot "). See the articles at
10 S. iii. 86, 236.
ii s. m. JAN. 28, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
61
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 57.
NOTES : Lamb, Burton, and Francis Spiera, 61 Gray's
' Elegy ' : Translations and Parodies, 62 Signs of Old
London, 64 "First Aerial Ship," 65 Sweetapple sur-
name" Chartuary " : " Tale " " Hie locus odit, amat,"
&c., 66 "Gourd" or " Goord," Building Term Con-
spirators of 1582, 67.
QUERIES : "Tertium Quid " ' Casabianca ' John of
Cosington, 67 Dickens and " Shallabalah " ' Pickwick '
Queries Rev. J. Bonar William of Ware Dryden as a
Place-Name Early Ships named Victory, 68 Beatrix
Gordon Bird Quotations Swallow in Greek Carol
* Farewell to the Swallows 'Bagdad Adders' Fat and
Deafness Jacobus Clerk Col. Oakes and Queen Caro-
line's Funeral, 69 Sheffield Plate Dish Newenham
Abbey Chertsey Cartularies Jeremy Smith Marquis
of Ormonde's Guard Belfast Registers Irish Book of
Remembrance Alexander Holmes, 70.
RE PLIES -.-Milton Bibles, 70-Sophie Dawes Miss
Wykeham Lady Conyngham ' Young Folks,' 71 T.
Hare M. G. Drake J. Forsyth-Coryatand Westminster
School "Elze"= Already Royal Christmases at Glou-
cester SS. Prothus and Hyacinthus, 72-Guichard
d'Angle Isaac Jamineau, 73 The Stair Divorce" Die
in beauty " " All comes out even," &c Holwell Family
Alexander Glenny Christmas Bough Thackeray and
the Stage Exhibition of 1851, 74 Early Graduation
' Kossuth Coppered 'Rev. J. Peacock Andrew Arter's
Memorial Quaker Oats W. Mears, Bellfounder, 75
Ship lost in the Fifties Alfleri in England 'Tit for
Tat' Authors Wanted Riddle of Claret, 76 Water-
Shoes Arms of Somerset Pitt on Disfranchisement, 77
Rats and Plague Hackney and Tom Hood Goats and
Cows" Puckled "- Capt. Witham at Gibraltar, 78.
NOTES ON BOOKS:-' A Suffolk Hundred in 1283'
Traherne's Poems More's 'Utopia.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
LAMB, BURTON, AND FRANCIS
SPIERA.
IN the third appendix to his * Life of Charles
Lamb,' 1905, vol. ii. p. 324, Mr. E. V. Lucas
includes among " the actual volumes which
Lamb possessed, as described in various
catalogues," the following : " Springer.
Relation of the Fearful Estate of Francis
"Spira. 12mo " ; and adds that the copy
contains a MS. note, "This Book was written
by one Springer, a lawyer." As Mr. Lucas
refrains from any comment on this curiously
inaccurate ascription, it may be as well to
show, in the first place, that there was no
.such a person as " Springer, a lawyer," and,
secondly, that the man out of whose name
this phantom has been called up was not the
author of the above-mentioned book.
There can, I think, be no reasonable doubt
that Lamb, if it was he who made the
memorandum, had drawn an erroneous
inference from a passage in his favourite
Burton :
There is a most memorable example of Francis
JSpira an Advocate of Padua. A* 1545. that being
desperate, by no counsell of learned men could
bee comforted, hee felt as he said, the paines
of hell in his soule, in all other things hee dis-
coursed a right, but in this most mad. Fris-
melica, Bellouat and some other excellent Physi-
tians, could neither make him eat, drinke," or
sleepe, no perswasion could ease him. Neuer
pleaded any man so well for himselfe, as this man
did against himselfe, and so he desperatly died :
Springer a Lawyer hath written his life."
' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 3.4.2.4, pp. 780-
781, 1st ed., 1621.
To " Francis Spira " there is a marginal note
" Goulart." The title of Simon Goulart's
work in which Spiera' s story can be read is
' Histoires Admirables et Memorables de
Nostre Temps.' A second edition of this
(first vol.) was published at Rouen in 1606.
The part about Spiera is fol. 120 verso
125 verso. I suspect, however, that Burton
had been " tumbling over " an English
translation, " Admirable And Memorable
Histories Containing the wonders of our
time. Collected into French out of the best
Authors. By I. [sic] Goulart. And out of
French into English. By Ed. Grimeston,"
London, 1607. This version shares with the
French editions that I have examined the
blunder of 1545 for 1548, but shows several
verbal resemblances to Burton's text : " for
in all other things he discoursed grauely and
constantly," p. 188 ; " neyther was there
euer man heard pleading better for himselfe,
then Spiera did then against himselfe,"
p. 194 ; " This which is worthy of considera-
tion among the Histories of our time, is
drawne out of a discourse published by
Maister Henrie Scringer [the French has
"M. Henri Scrimger"], a learned Lawyer,"
p. 196. The learned lawyer was Henry
Scrymgeour or Scrimger, 1506-72. See
' D.N.B.' Under the designation of
; Henricus Scotus " he was the author of
' Exemplvm Memorabile Desperationis In
Francisco Spera Propter Abiuratam Fidei
Confessionem ' on pp. 62-95 of ' Francisci
Spierse, Qui Quod susceptam semel Euange-
licse ueritatis professionem abnegasset, dam-
nassetque, in horrendam incidit despera-
tionem, Historia A quatuor summis viris,
summa fide conscripta," &c., Basel, 1550.
The transition from Scringer to Springer
may have been hastened by the fact that
Jakob Sprenger, part author of 'Malleus
Maleficarum,' figures in Burton more than
once as Springer.
Thus far concerning Springer ; but who
wrote the book in Lamb's library ? This
work in the earliest edition that I have come
across (London, 1649) bears the title "A
Relation Of The Fearful Estate Of Francis
Spira, In the year 1548. Compiled by
62
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. ra. JAN. 28, 1911.
Natth. [sic] Bacon, Esq." I have seen
another edition of 1653. The imprimatur
is dated December 2, 1637. The writer of
the life of Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660.
in the ' D.N.B.' is clearly wrong when, after
saying that Bacon " has also been credited
with the authorship of the curious piece
(probably a translation) ' A Relation,' "
&c., and mentioning that the first edition
was published anonymously in 1638, he
proceeds : "It was not, apparently, until
the publication of that of 1665, some years
after his death, that it was said on the title-
page to have been ' compiled ' by Nathaniel
Bacon." With respect to Bacon's sources,
he plainly states in his preface that his
work is largely based on the various writers
in the ' Historia ' :
" I acknowledge that there hath been formerly
a Book published in our Mother tongue, con-
cerning this subject, but as far as I can learn
(for I could never yet obtain any of them) it
was nothing so large and various as this present
Treatise, and as I have heard, a translation of
only one of the Tractates from whence I have
gathered this present Discourse in part. Con-
cerning my care and fidelitie in this businesse, it
is such as I may truely say without changing of
colour, that there is not one sentence of all this
Work attributed unto the person of Spira, but it
hath its warrant, either from the Epistles of
Vergerius and Gribaldus, Professours of the Law
in Padua, or from the discourses of Hen. Scringer
a Scotish man, Sigismund Gelons [sic] a Tran-
silvanian, and Mart. Bocha [sic] a Divine of Basil :
neither have I taken any other libertie then as a
relation to weave the aforesaid Discourses one
within another, so as those which under several
Writers, were before counted several, are now
by my indeavours reduced into one intire History,
connexed by due succession of time and occasion."
Ed. 1653.
It should be added that the writer of an
" Introduction " to the book speaks of
having compared
" this labour of a worthy Gentleman (who faith-
fully translated it out of Italian, French and Dutch
Letters) with the Latine of Codius Secundus
Curio, Mattheus Gribaldus,. . . .Sigismond Gelous a
Transilvanian, Henricus Scotus [i.e., the writers
in the ' Historia '], and find it accord with them."
Ed. 1653, and at end of ed. 1649.
The book " formerly published in our
Mother tongue " I take to be ' A notable and
maruailous epistle of the famous Doctor,
Mathewe Gribalde, professor of the law, in the
vniversity of Padua : concerning the terrible
iudgement of god, vpon hym that for feare
of men, denyeth Christ and the knowen
veritie : uyth a Preface of Doctor Caluine.
Translated out of Latin intoo English by
E. A. Anno 1550, in August,' the translator,
as shown by an acrostical epigram on A v
verso, was Edward Aglionby. Robert Bur-
ton's copy of this book is in the Bodleian,
which also possesses his copy of the
' Francisci Spierse .... Historia ' of 1550
mentioned above. EDWARD BENSLY.
GRAY'S * ELEGY ' :
TRANSLATIONS AND PARODIES.
BY the interest in this subject shown in the-
past by readers of ' N. & Q.,' I am led to
think that a check-list of the various-
translations, parodies, and imitations will
prove useful ; besides, I wish to ask several
questions which, after working through the
British Museum and other collections, I ara
Btill unable to answer.
I. TRANSLATIONS.
See 1 S. i. 101, 138, 150, 221, 306, 389 p
2 S. iii. 88 ; 5 S. iv. 255 ; 6 S. ii. 466 ; 10 S,
i. 487 ; ii. 92, 175 ; v. 306, 357, 428, 477, 511,
Armenian.
Anonymous. In ' Beauties of English Poets,'
Venice, 1852, pp. 149-77.
French.
D. B. In his ' Poesies de Gray, traduites en
rangais,' Paris, 1797. Reprinted by Le Mierre,
Paris, 1798. In the * Biogr. universelle,' 1857,.
xvii. 405, D. B. is identified as M. Dubois, cure" of
Angers. What is the authority for this ?
P. Guedon de Berchere. Croydon, Surrey,.
1788.
Pierre Jean George Cabanis. When and where-
was this first published ?
P. J. Charrin, Paris, 1808. Reprinted by MM,
Roger, ' Le champ du repos,' Paris, 1816, ii. 401-7,.
and by Torri, 1817.
Francois de Chateaubriand. In his ' (Euvres-
completes,' Paris, 1836, xxiv. 43 ff.
Marie Joseph de Chequer. Paris, An 13 (1805).
J. Martin, 1839, erroneously ascribes it to-
lie Tourneur. Reprinted by Torri, 2nd ed., 1843..
Louis Pierre Couret de Villeneuve. According
to The Literary World, New York, 1849, v. 405,.
a translation was made by this writer. I have
not been able to find it.
Antoine de Cournand. In La Decade Philo-
sophique. 30 Messidor, 1802, iv. 182-5.
L. D. Chatham, 1806. Who was he ?
Dubois. See under D. B., above.
A. Elwall. Paris, 1887.
Fayolle. Information desired concerning this;
Tanslation, which I have not been able to see.
Gaston. In the ' Petite encyclopedic poe"tique,'
1804, p. 161.
Jacques Louis Grenus. In ' Fables diverges,'
Paris, 1807, ii. 323-30. Was there any earlier-
edition ? Reprinted by Torri, 1817.
Alfred J. U. Hennet. In his 'Po^tiqueanglaise,*"
>aris, 1806, iii. 368-79.
L. C. Hoyau. In his ' Poe"sies traduites en
ers francais,' Paris, 1837, 8vo.
Nicholas le Deist de Kerivalant. In * Al-
manach des Muses,' Paris, 1797, pp. 147-52-
Also Paris, 1804.
ii s. m. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Citizen Kivalant. Same as K^rivalant, q.v. Cf .
' Bibl. universelle,' Paris, 1858, xxi. 541.
Le Mierre. See under D. B. above.
Did Le Tourneur translate the Elegy ? Cf.
the statement above under Ch^nier.
Ilippolyte Marvint. In his * Souvenirs de
college,' Paris, 1840.
Madame Susanne Curchod de Nasse Necker.
In her ' Varietes litteraires,' Paris, 1768, iv. 168.
1 have not been able to see this, and should be
glad to have the reference verified or corrected.
.1. Roberts. London, 1875.
Sapinaud. In ' Le cimetiere et Le printemps
traduits,' Paris, 1822, 8vo.
Adrien de Sarrazin. In an appendix to his
' Quatre printemps de Kleist,' Paris, 1802.
F. D. V. Paris, 1813.
Villevielle. Writing to Nicholls on 22 May,
1770, Gray speaks of a Marquis de Villevielle,
who, he says, had translated him by way of
exercise. Was this translation ever published,
and what poems did it include ?
German.
Anonymous. In The Kaleidoscope, Liverpool,
20 May, 1823, N.S. iii. 372-3.
Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter. 1771. Information
desired concerning the first edition. Said to have
appeared also in the ' Musen Almanach,' but
I cannot find it there. Also in his ' Gedichte,'
1771, i. 132-45, and in Torri, 2nd ed., 1813.
Ludwig Theoboul Kosengarten. In his
' Gedichte,' Vienna, 1816, i. 123 (I have not seen
this), and in Torri, 1817. Did this appear in the
' Musen Almanach ' ?
William Mason. In Torri, 1817 ; said to have
appeared in Mason's German translation of
Gray's works, Leipsic, 1776. Information desired
concerning this work, which is not listed in Kayser
and is not in the British Museum.
Niclas Muller. New York, 1874. In the
Boston Public Library.
Johann Baptist Bupprecht. In his ' Poetical
Translations from the English,' Part I., Vienna,
1812, pp. 62-8. Have not seen this. Reprinted
in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.
Johann Gottfried Seume. In his ' Collected
Poems,' Riga, 1801, which 1 have not seen. Any
earlier edition ? Did it appear in the ' Musen
Almanach ' ? It is in his ' Sammtliche Werke,'
Leipsic, 1826, i. 6-12 and v. 16-22.
Greek.
Giosafatte Cipriani. In Torri, 1817. Not in
Tom's 2nd ed., 1843. Did it appear earlier ?
William Cooke. Cambridge, 1785.
Charles Coote. London, 1794.
George Denman. Cambridge, 1871.
J. Norbury. Eton. 1793. There was also a
2nd ed. in the same year.
John Plumptre translated the Epitaph only,
and appended it to his ' Ecloga sacra Alexandr
Pope,' Wigorniffi, 1795.
Bowyer Edward Sparke. London, 1794.
Edward Tew. London, 1795.
Richard Ward. In hia ' Celebria quaedam
Anglorum poemata latine reddita,' London
1860, pp. 79-97.
Stephen Weston. London, 1794.
Hebrew.
Giuseppe Venturi. In Torri, 1817 and 1813
in the 2nd ed. in Roman letters.
Rossi Janos.
Hungarian.
Rome, 1827.
Italian.
Paolo Giuseppe Baraldi. Modena, Societa
fipografica, 1816. I have not seen this.
Antonio Buttura. In La Domenica (according
;o Torri) ; then in his ' L'arte poetica di Boileau
Despre'aux recata in versi italiani,' Paris, 1806,
p. 130-36. I have seen only the latter.
Michel Angelo Castellazzi. In Torri, 1817.
Did this appear earlier ?
Francesco Cavazzocca. Verona, 1835. Re-
printed in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.
Melchiorre Cesarotti. Padua, 1772.
Abbate Crocchi. In Sleator's edition, Dublin,
1775, pp. 153-66.
Giuseppe Gennari. Padua, Comino, 1772.
J. Giannini. 2nd ed., London, 1782. When
did the 1st ed. appear ?
Domenico Gregori. In ' Scelta di ppesie di
u celebri autori inglesi, recati in versi italiani,"
Rome, 1821, vol. i., which I have not seen.
Agostino Isola. Cambridge, 1782. In the-
Astor Library, New York.
Marco Lastri. Florence, Molike, 1784. I have
not seen this. Reprinted in Torri, 1817.
Michele Leoni. Turin, Pomba, 1815. I have
not seen this. Reprinted in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.
Lorenzo Mancini. In his ' Saggio sull' uomo e
Lettera d' Abelardo ad Eloisa of Pope,' Florence,
1835, which I have not seen. Reprinted in Torri,
2nd ed., 1843.
Angelica Palli. 1874. This is mentioned by
Teza in Nuova Antoloc/ia, 3rd Ser. xxiii. 363.
Where was it published ?
Elisabetta Sesler Bond. In ' La morale inglese,'
Venice, 1815, pp. 65 ff. This reference is from
Torri, who reprints the translation in his 2nd ed.,.
1843.
Martin Sherlock. 1779 ? Cf. 10 S. ii. 92.
E. Teza. In Nnova Antologia, 3rd ser. xxiii..
363-8, 16 Sept., 1889.
Giuseppe Torelli. Verona, Carattoni, 1776.
Domenico Trant. In Torri, 1st ed., 1817.
Taddeo Wiel. In his ' Versioni da Thomas
Gray, John Keats, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe-
Shelley, Robert Browning,' Venice, 1906.
Giacomo Zanella. In his ' Varie version!
poetiche,' Florence, 1887.
Japanese.
In ' Shintaishi-Sho ' (' Poems in New Style ')-
Tokio (? ), 1882. I should be glad of further infor-
mation concerning this.
Latin.
Anonymous. ' Gray's Elegy rendered into-
Latin Elegiacs.' Oxford, James Parker & Co.,.
1876.
Christopher Anstey and William Hayward
Roberts. Cambridge, University Press, 1762.
Published anonymously.
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri. In Torri, 1st
ed., 1817.
Benedetto del Bene. Verona, Mainardi, 1817.
W. A. Clarke. Oxford, Blackwell, 1904.
Sir Alexander J. E. Cockburn, Lord Chief
Justice. About 1871. Reprinted Boston, Dort-
man, 1900.
Giovanni Costa. Padua, Comino, 1772.
64
NOTES AND QUERIES. tu & m. JA*. a, 1911.
J. D. In ' Musse Berkhamstedienses,' Berk-
Ihamsted, McDowall, 1793. Has this translator
been identified ?
Henry Strahan Dickinson. Ipswich, Deck,
1849.
H. J. Dpdwell, 1884. Information desired
concerning it ; how does it begin ?
S. N. E. London, 1824, 4to. Who was the
translator ?
Antonio Evangelj. Padua, 1772. I have not
seen this.
C. C. Felton. London, Longman, 2nd ed.,
1822. When was the iirst edition published ?
G. In The Gentleman's Magazine, 1793, Ixiii.
69, 166, 261, 360. Who was he ?
G[avin] H[amilton]. Edinburgh, Douglas &
Foulis, 1877.
D. B. Hickie. 1823, 8vo. Not in the British
Museum. At 10 S. i. 487 this is said to be re-
ferred to in The Classical Journal, xxviii. 377 ;
the reference seems to be wrong.
William Hildyard. London, 1838, 12mo.
Not in the British Museum.
Kobert B. Kennard. Oxford, Parker, 1892.
Benjamin Hall Kennedy. In his ' Between
Whiles,' London, Bell, 1877, and in ' Sabrinaj
Corolla,' 4th ed., London, Bell, 1890.
R. Langrishe, Eton' College. In Gray's
Works,' ed. Mason, London, 1775, ii. 205-13.
Robert Lloyd. In his ' Poems,' London, 1762,
pp. 239-57. " Also in Gray's ' Poems,' Dublin,
1768, pp. 115-25.
John Heyrick Macaulay. In ' Arundines Cami,'
1841.
H. A. J. Munro. Privately printed, 1874.
Murphy. Mentioned by Torri, 2nd ed., 1843,
p. xv. More information desired.
Sidney George Owen. In ' Musa Clauda,'
Clarendon Press, 1898.
J. Pycroft, Brighton, 1879, 8vo. Not in the
'British Museum. What is the first line ?
Henry T. Liddell, Earl of Ravens worth.
Neither this nor the following is. in the British
Museum. Information desired.
H. Sewell. 1875. Where published ? Or is
the edition cited by Bradshaw (p. 316), Romford,
1876, the only one published ?
P. B. Shelley translated the Epitaph. Printed
in Medwin's ' Life of Shelley,' 1808 (?), i. 48.
Canon Sheringham. 1901. I have not seen
this.
Goldwin Smith translated stanzas 1-3 and
the rejected stanza beginning " Hark, how the
-sacred calm," in ' Anthologia Oxoniensis,'
London, 1846.
Giuseppe Venturi. In Torri, 1st ed., 1817.
Gilbert Wakefield. Cambridge, Archdeacon,
1776.
C. A. Wheelwright. In his ' Poems, Original
.and Translated,' 2nd ed., 1811, ii. 67-78. Date
of 1st ed. ? At 10 S. i. 487 said to be referred to in
The Classical Journal, xi. 675 ; the reference is
apparently wrong.
J. Wright. London, T. Lewis, 1786. I have
not seen this.
I lately saw a translation (' T. Graii Elegeia
Latine redditum ') which began " Devexum
cecinere diem pulsa ara, boumque." The English
and the Latin occupied pp. 4-21 of some pam-
-phlet or book. Can any one tell me whose version
this is and where it appeared ? Quite probably
:it is one of those noted above.
Portuguese.
Anonymous (?). Four lines quoted in The
Gentleman's Magazine, 1839, N.S. xii. 470.
Antonio de Aracejo. According to 1 S. ii. 306,.
said to have been privately printed at Lisbon
toward the close of the eighteenth century. Can
some one give the exact date ? Reprinted by
Boulard in ' Traductions inter lin^aires,' Paris,
1802.
H. E. Almeida Coutinho Porto, 2nd ed., 1837.
Date of 1st ed. ?
Russian. '
V. A. Zhukovsky. In Vieslnik Evropy, Decem-
ber, 1802, part vi. 319-25. Can any one supply
information concerning Zhukovsky's second trans-
lation, made in 1839 ? Cf. 10 S. v. 357.
Spanish.
Anonymous (?). Referred to in The Gentleman's
Magazine, 1839, N.S. xii. 470.
Jos6 Antonio Miralla. Privately printed.
1904(?). A copy is in the Boston Public Library.
Welsh.
D. Davies. Caerfyrddin, I. Evans, 1798.
T. J. Thomas. Llandyssul, J. D. Lewis, 1908.
Excluding the last one mentioned in the
Latin group, the number of translations notec
above -is : Armenian, 1 ; French, 22 ; Ger-
man, 7 ; Greek, 10 ; Hebrew, 1 ; Hungarian,
1 ; Italian, 21 ; Japanese, 1 ; Latin, 35
Portuguese, 3 ; Russian, 1 ; Spanish, 2
Welsh, 2. Total, 107.
CLARK S. NORTHUP.
Munich.
(To be continued.)
SIGNS OF OLD LONDON.
(See 11 S. i. 402, 465 ; ii. 323.)
THE subjoined list of signs is compiled from
the original MS. treasury books (i.e., the
wardens' accounts) of one of the minor City
companies, c. 1530-1704.
Temp, circa Henry VIII. and Edward VI.
Rose, Coleman Street.
St. John's Head, Gracious Street.
Star, Cheapside (" Sterre in Chepe ").
Cardinal's Hat [? Lombard Street].
Three Tuns at Guildhall Gate.
Stocks Tavern [in the Stocks Market].
? Nag's Head (" Horsehed "), Cheapside.
Dagger, Cheapside (" Dagar in Chepe ").
Bull's Head, Cheapside (" Bullhed in Chepe ").
Cross, Tower Street.
Dolphin, Tower Street.
? Snipe, Eastcheap (" Snytte in estchepe "),
George, Bread Street.
Red Lyon (no place named).
Gun (" Gonne "), Billingsgate.
Castle, Paternoster Row.
White Horse, Friday Street.
Grey hound, ^Fleet Street.
118. III. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
65
Temp. Elizabeth.
Mitre, Bread Street.
Bishop's Head, Lombard Street.
Bell, Fish Street.
Mermaid, Bread Street.
Castle, Wood Street.
Star, Cheapside (" Star in Cheape ").
Dolphin, New Fish Street.
Saracen's Head [? Snow Hill].
King's Head, Old Change.*
George, Bread Street.
Pope's Head, Lombard Street.
Bell, Aldgate.
White Horse (no locality).
Boar's Head, Old Fish Street.
Boar's Head, Eastcheap.
Nag's Head, Cheapside ("horsse hedd in Cheape ").
Swan, Crooked Lane.
King's Head, Fish Street.
Three Tuns, Guildhall Gate.f
Chequer, Dowgate.
Greyhound, Leadenhall.
Parse, Old Bailey.
King's Head, Old Change.
Red Lion, St. Nicholas Shambles.
Mitre, Bread Street Hill.
Snipe, Eastcheap (" Snyte, Eastchepe ").
Mermaid, Friday Street.
Temp. James I.
King's Head, Old Change.
Boar's Head, Eastcheap.
Maidenhead, Candlewick Street.
Windmill, Coleman Street.
Queen's Head, Queenhithe.
Rose at Queenhithe.
Dolphin (no place named).
Sun, at Cripplegate.
White Horse (as before).
Mermaid, Bow Lane.
Flying Horse (locality unspecified).
Temp, diaries I.
Rose and Crown (no place).
Nag's Head Tavern, Cheapside.
Castle Tavern [? Lad Lane].
Dagger, Friday Street.
Ship Tavern, Old Bailey.
Dog Tavern at Ludgate.
Rose, Temple Bar.
Sun Tavern, Milk Street.
Goat, Long Lane.
Temp. Charles II.
King's Arms, Newgate Street.
Coffee Bourse, Temple Bar.
Rose Tavern, Poultry.
Dog Tavern, Garlick'lTill.
George, Ironmonger Lane.
Angel, Old Change.
George, Milk Street.
Half Moon, Cheapside.
Mitre, Cheapside.
Sun, Milk Street.
* This house belonged to the Company.
t Between this and the earlier reference occurs
mention of the " 3 Tonnes at Olde hawle gate " ;
later we have the " Thre Tonnes att Gyld havle."
Temp. James II.
Swan Tavern, Old Fish Street.
Sun Tavern, behind the Exchange.
Golden Lyon, Fetter Lane.
Crooked Billet, Maiden Lane.
King's Head, Fleet Street.
Dolphin, Lombard Street.
King's Arms, Cateaton Street.
Crown Tavern, Leadenhall Street.
Castle, Paternoster Row.
Crown, Honey Lane Market.
Temp. William and Mary,
Queen's Arms [? Newgate Street].
Old Dog Tavern (no place).
Cock Alehouse (ditto).
Wonder Tavern (ditto).
Cross Keys Tavern, Holborn.
Horn Tavern, Fleet Street.
Three Tuns, Newgate Street.
Bell, Bread Street.
Bull Head [sic], Wood Street.
Feathers, Cheapside.
Dean's Head [St. Martin's-le-Grand],
Rummer, Queen Street.
Dog, Newgate.
Swan, Dowgate.
Horn Tavern, Doctor's Commons.
Feathers Tavern (ditto).
Mitre Tavern, Paul's Church Yard. '
Ship Tavern (no locality).
King's Head, Old Exchange.
Baptist Head [? Clerkenwell].
Crown Tavern, Guildhall.
From the nature of the references to the
signs it would appear that all, or nearly
all of them, were taverns or other houses of
refreshment ; beyond this the records yield
no further information, so far as the great
majority of the signs are concerned. While
the arrangement of the list is from first to-
last purely chronological, it seems advisable
to add a note of caution in regard to the
division into regnal periods, the latter being
merely approximate, and making no allow-
ance for overlapping.
WILLIAM McMuRRAY.
" FIRST AERIAL SHIP." In these days of
improved, though still dangerous aeronautics >.
I would call attention to an advertisement
put forth by the European Aeronautical
Society, and printed in The A.thenceum r
pp. 573, 589, 25 July and 1 August, 1835 :
'"FIRST AERIAL SHIP. The Eagle, 160 feet
long, 50 feet high, 40 feet wide, manned by a
Crew of Seventeen, constructed for establishing:
direct Communications between the several
Capitals of Europe. The First Experiment of
this New System of AERIAL NAVIGATION will be
made from London to Paris and back again.
May be viewed from Six in the Morning till Dusk,
in the Dock Yard of the Society, at the entrance
of Kensington, Victoria-road, facing Kensington
Gardens, between the First Turnpike from Hyde
Park Corner and the Avenue to Kensington.
66
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 28, 1911.
Palace. Admittance every day of the week, Is.
The Public is admitted on Sundays after Divine
Service. Free Admission the whole year (Sun-
days and Holidays included) for Members of the
Society and their Friends."
This looks rather like a hoax. One does
not see how the ship could be intended to
travel from city to city, and yet be on
exhibition the whole year at Kensington.
The advertisement may have been suppressed
.after the second date named, on this account.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
SWEETAPPLE SURNAME. The surname
Sweetapple (see ante, p. 3) occurs in the
oldest remaining -Episcopal Register of
Chichester, that of Bishop Robert Rede.
Richard Swetappell, Swetappull, or Swet-
appyll (the name is thus variously spelt),
was a vicar-choral in the Cathedral, and was
ordained priest by Rede on St. Matthew's
Day, 1398, at the presentation of the Priory
of Boxgrave (now Boxgrove). He attended
the Bishop's Visitations of the Cathedral in
1397 and 1409. At the former a complaint
was lodged against him, Philip Goldston,
-and Richard Juldewyn, " that they are too
quarrelsome and pugnacious." They are
warned to behave better in future under
penalty of 20d. to be applied to the common
fund of the vicars. In 1407 he has become a
notary public by Apostolical authority, and
subscribes as such to the formal election of
Dean Hasele in that year. He was employed
&t Boxgrave in 1409 on the election of a
Prior there.
In the churchwardens' accounts of St.
Edmund and St. Thomas, Sarum (Salisbury,
1896), I note the following :
1586/7, p. 134. For pewes. It'm for James
Swrebaples 12d.
1587/8, p. 136. James Swete Apple for mending
of a pin and nayles 5d. [Other items follow.]
1624/5, p. 181. Sam Sweetapple and his
partner for iiij days sawinge of Timber 9s. 4of.
[Other items.]
The name is to be found in the ' Clergy
List ' of the present year. CECIL DEEDES.
Chichester.
" CHARTUARY " : " TALE." W. Rastell
in 1534 printed in Fleet Street
" these xii. bookes, that ys to wyt Natura
breuium, The olde tenures, Lyttylton tenures,
"The new talys, The artycles upon the new talys,
Dyuersyte of courtys, Justyce of peas, The
chartuary, Court baron," &c.
The book with the inviting title ' The new
talys ' turns out to be ' Noue narrationes,'
and the following book is the ' Articuli ad
narrationes nouas pertinentes formati.' The
' Chartuary ' (pp. 361-89) is a collection of
precedents of charters, bonds, acquittances,
and the like. I note these words for the
Supplement to the ' N.E.D.' Q. V.
" HlC LOCUS ODIT, AMAT," &C. 111
* Variorum in Europa Itinerum Delicise,'
collected by Nathan Chytrseus, 2nd ed., 1599,
s.v. ' Brixiana,' p. 254, is the following :
In Palatio Capitanei.
Hie locus odit, aniat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Nequitiem, pacem, crimina, jura, probos.
Exactly the same words appear in ' Select ae
Christian! Orbis Delicise,' by Franciscus
Sweertius (Sweerts), 1608, p. 177, s.v.
' Brixiana,' probably copied from Chytrseus.
Each verb governs the substantive lying
under it.
I find almost the same lines in an old
commonplace book, viz:,
Hsec domus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, probos.
In this extract from some newspaper or
book (no date, probably put in some 60
years ago) it is said that they " may be
read in front of the Town-hall in Leipsic."
The lines according to the Chytraeus
version, excepting that the words " Nequi-
tiam, leges," take the place of "Nequitiem,
pacem," are given in Murray's ' Handbook
for Travellers in Central Italy,' 9th ed.,
1875, p. 184. There they are said to be
behind, and above, the seats of the judges
in the court of the Podesta in the Palazzo
Pretorio in Pistoia.
Baedeker's ' Handbook for Northern
Italy,' 7th ed., 1886, p. 370, confirms
Murray's book, and gives 1507 as the date
of the inscription.
I have found no mention in either Murray
or Baedeker of the lines as existing at either
Brescia or Leipsic. Probably they were
frequently used as an epigram in courts of
justice.
I add another version which I had noted
but forgotten :
Hsecce domus dat, amat, pmrit, conservat, honorat,
JEquitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos. 1620.
i.e.,
This court does right, loves peace, preserves the
laws,
Corrects the wrong, honours the righteous cause.
This epigram (presumably in the Latin only)
is given as an inscription on the sessions
house at Spittle-in-the-Street (Line.) in
Stephen Whatley's ' England's Gazetteer,'
1751.
It may be that there are other versions
of the epigram in other places.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
ii s. in. JAN. 28, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
67
" GOUBD " OB " GOOBD," BUILDING TERM.
I have recently encountered this word
in West Cornwall on some tendering for
stonewalling, the prices given being so
much a " gourd." From inquiry I find that
by this term is meant a run of 9 feet by 5 feet
high ; but a few miles off the measurement
varies. The word is new to me, and I do
not find it in the ' E.D.D.' YGBEC.
CONSPIRATORS OF 1562. There seems
nothing to add to the excellent account of
Arthur and Edmund Pole in the ' D.N.B.,'
except that it would seem that they were
arrested at " The Dolphin Inn," which
was apparently close to St. Olave's steps on
the south side of London Bridge, and not,
as is there stated, " near the Tower."
As to the other four conspirators arrested
with them, (1) Anthony Fortescue has been
the subject of much interesting and erudite
discussion at 9 S. vii. 327, 435 ; viii. 73,
449 ; ix. 53. He probably died in the
Tower. (2) Of Humphrey Berwick I can
discover nothing. (3) and (4) Anthony
Spencer and Richard Bingham were liberated
from the Tower 3 May, 1567 (Dasent, ' Acts of
the Privy Council,' vii. 351).
Each of the two astrologers and wizards
who had gone abroad 10 October, 1562, four
days before their fellow-conspirators were
captured, is described in the indictment as
" late of London, gentleman." It seems
probable, however, that the conspirator
Edward Cosyn is to be identified with
Edward Cussen, clerk, a fugitive, who
possessed the manor of Eyrtforde alias
Eyrthford in Bedfordshire, and is men-
tioned in the Appendix to the 38th Report
of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records
at p. 10, and in Strype's ' Annals,' II. ii.
597. Presumably he died abroad.
John Prestall, the other astrologer, seems
to have been inveigled into England in the
early part of 1572. An indictment was
drawn up against him in that year, but he
was not brought to trial, though he was
committed to the King's Bench, whence
he was liberated on bail in 1574. It appears
from the Appendix to the 38th Report at
LI 2, and from Strype, II. ii. 596, that
had been possessed of lands in Surrey.
He was attainted in 1578 or 1579, and was
in the Tower from before 11 October, 1578,
down to 22 July, 1588, when he was liberated.
He seems to have been living in London,
practising sorcery, in 1591. His pretence
to be
" next heir to the Poles, who are next in blood to
the Queen, whereof one is dead, and the other in
Spain, who is next heir to the crown, and whom
the Queen once promised to make kn.^wn as
heir apparent,"
was all nonsense. Is it known when he died
and who his parents were ? (See Dasent,
op. cit., viii., x., xi., xii. ; the Calendars of
State Papers ; and Cath. Rec. Soc., ii. and
iii.) JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to. affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
"TEBTIUM QUID." I shall be glad of
any information as to the original use of
this phrase. I have been greatly surprised
to find that no example of it has been sent
to us before 1826, and still more to find that
this is also the earliest date in ' The Stan-
ford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and
Phrases.' There is, indeed, something
similar in Coleridge's Friend of 1809-10,
where he says, " The baleful product or
tertium aliquid of this union retarded the
civilization of Europe for centuries " ; but
these seem to be the earliest examples yet
found. Some metaphysicians appear to
have used it to indicate a supposed
something that is neither subjective nor
objective, or different from both mind and
matter, and it may perhaps have arisen
in a Latin treatise on metaphysics. I am
informed that a current statement attributing
the phrase to Pythagoras is an error. The
Latin version of Iambi ichus has, not tertium
quid, but tertia res. I hope that some reader
of *N. & Q.' can furnish earlier examples,
and can help us in tracking tertium quid to its
fontem et originem. J. A. H. MURRAY.
Oxford.
c CASABIANCA.' When and where was
this poem first printed ? In his notice of
Mrs. Hemans in the 'D.N.B.,' Mr. C. W.
Sutton says that " in the second edition of
the * Forest Sanctuary,' 1829, ' Casabianca '
first appeared." This, however, is a mis-
bake, as it was printed at p. 129 vol. i. of
Mrs. Hemans's ' Poems,' published at Boston
in 1826. ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
JOHN OP COSINGTON. Cosington is the
name of a village in Lincolnshire. Do you
know a family of this name, and especially
John of Cosington, who lived during the
fourteenth century ?
EDME DE LAURME.
Soignies.
68
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 28, 1911.
DICKENS : ' OLD CURIOSITY SHOP,' CHAP.
xvi. : " SHALL ABALAH." When the old
man and child first met Messrs. Codlin and
Short, the persons of the Punch drama
were scattered upon the ground. They
included
"the foreign gentleman, who, not being familiar
with the language, is unable in the representation
to express his ideas otherwise than by the utterance
of the word * Shallabalah ' three distinct times."
I have not seen any explanation of this
foreign piece of lingo. Can it be an echo
of the " Ma sh' Allah ! A'uz bi' llah ! " of
Arab criers to proclaim a marvel ? At
shadow-shows in Egypt I have heard the same
words shouted by the Mutayyab (hired leader
of applause) at moments when an afrit or a
dreadful monster conies on the scene. Many
of the tramping showmen of Europe were
at one time Orientals of a kind ; I want to
know if any Arabic pious formulas were part
of their jargon. MABMADTJKE PICKTHALL.
5, Chimneys, Buxted.
' PICKWICK ' QUERIES. I shall be very
much obliged for explanations of the mean-
ing of the following phrases in Pickwick :
1. Flying the garter.
2. Punch and the flat-headed comedian
and the tin box of music.
3. Green-foil smalls.
PHILIP STEPHENS ON.
[1. A game played by boys, at which they measure
a distance by feet from a mark, and jump over the
back of another boy bending down. Also known as
" footit."
2. Close- fitting knee-breeches in tinsel ?]
REV. J. BONAR, 1646 : MORETTI FAMILY.
1. In the Scottish register known as ' the
Retours ' (a register of those served heirs to
deceased relatives) I find under date
9 December, 1646, John Bonar senior of
Lumquhat (in Fifeshire) served heir to
" Master Henry Bonar, Vicaj of St. Martin's
in-the-Fields, London." I can find his
name in none of the registers of that church,
nor in any account of the Church. Can
any of your readers assist me in tracing his
name and the date of his appointment, and
supply any information about him ? There
can be no doubt as to the fact of his being
vicar.
2. In 1816 Agnes Bonar, daughter of
Thomson Bonar of Camden Place and
Chiselhurst, Kent, was married to Count
Moretti, and in 1820 there was a son born
of the marriage. From the ' Annuario della
Nobilta Italiana ' I get the following infor-
mation under ' Sormani-Moretti.' This
family was a branch of the ancient Lombard
family of Sormani, which went to Reggio
Emilia in 1699, and succeeded to the name
and arms of the noble family of Moretti. It
received the title of Count on 25 November,
1776. The noble man bearing the title on
17 January, 1833, was Patrizo of Reggio.
I am anxious to get further information
as to this family and to know if there is any
descendant living. HORATIUS BONAR.
3, St. Margaret's Road, Edinburgh.
WILLIAM OF WARE. I understand that
some passages from this author's work on
the ' Sentences ' have been printed recently
in a book on the Immaculate Conception
B.V.M., and shall be very glad to be referred
to the title, &c., of the book. Is it in the
Bodleian Library ? Q. V.
DRYDEN AS A PLACE - NAME. John
Dryden of Canons Ashby, Northants, the
father of Sir Erasmus Dryden, 1st Bt., is
stated to have migrated from Cumberland.
In 1488-9 John, William, and Archibald
Drydane received the royal pardon for having
fought against King James IV. They are
described as " indwellers within the shire of
Roxburgh." It seems probable that the
Drydens of Cumberland came over the
border, as Dryden is a place-name in Scot-
land.
I find mentioned John Sinclair of Drydenr
Kt., under date 1513, and a Sinclair occurs
there again in 1551. In 1713 George Lock-
hart writes from Dryden to the Earl of Ox-
ford. I shall be glad of any information
relative to Dryden as a place-name.
P. D. M.
THE VICTORY : EARLY SHIPS OF THE
NAME. I shall be obliged for any informa-
tion relating to the following :
1. Date of construction of the Victory
which was lost off the Caskets, 4 October,
1744. The United Service Museum and
Greenwich Hospital possess models said
to be of this ship, but they differ ; another
model, with the same pretension, differs
from both. Would one or more models
have been made before construction. Char-
nock mentions a Victory as first heard of at
Portsmouth in 1703, taken to pieces in
1-721. Is anything known of this ship ?
2. At what date did the bowsprit cease to
terminate in a top and carry a spritsail mast
and jacks taff ?
ii s. in. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
69
F 3. What improvements, if any, were
introduced in the construction of ships-of-
war between 1714 and 1727 ? AITCHO.
[The second and third queries are too technical
for discussion in our columns. We should advise
application to Prof. Sir J. K. Laughton, the Secre-
tary of the Navy Records Society, King's College,
Strand, W.C.]
BEATRIX GORDON=ROBERT ARBUTHNOT.
I should be very grateful if any one
could tell me who was the father of Beatrix
Gordon. She married Robert Arbuthnot
of Scots Mills, and was the grandmother
of the celebrated Dr. John Arbuthnot.
Both she and her husband are buried
in the churchyard of St. Fergus, about six
miles from Peterhead. I have been informed
that she was the daughter of Robert Gordon
of Pitlurg, but I cannot see any mention of
her in that pedigree.
CECIL LISTER KAYE.
Denby Grange, Wakefield.
BIRD QUOTATIONS. I shall be glad to
learn the authors of the following :
1. Speckled, mellow-throated thrush.
2. Sweet thrush, whose wild untutored strain.
3. Farewell, sweet bird ! Thou still hast been (willow
warbler).
4. Each spangled back (sunbird).
5. Welcome, dear swallow, to thy well-known nest-
6. As I was walking all alone, I heard two corbies.
7. Say, weary bird, whose level flight (crow).
8. Thou shrill proclaimer of the lonely hour (owl).
M. SEATON.
[6. A well-known ballad, 'The Twa Corbies,'
first printed in Scott's ' Minstrelsy ']
SWALLOW IN GREEK CAROL. Who was
the translator into English of the following
Greek carol ?
The swallow, the swallow, she does with her bring,
Soft seasons, &c.
M. SEATON.
* FAREWELL TO THE SWALLOWS.' A poem
entitled ' Farewell to the Swallows,' attri-
buted to Thomas Hood, was referred some
twelve years ago to Canon Ainger, who
expressed great dubiety that Hood was its
author. It would be gratifying to know
by whom it was written if not by Hood.
The first stanza begins :
Swallows sitting on the eaves,
See ye not the falling leaves ?
See ye not the gathered sheaves ?
Farewell !
T. F. DWIGHT.
La Tour de Peilz, Vaud,' Switzerland.
BAGDAD. Has the Iranian or Old Persian
origin of the name of Bagdad, first advanced
by Fr. Spiegel (author of ' Eranische Alter-
tumskunde,' 3 vols., 1871), as stated by
Isaac Taylor in his * History of Place-Names '
(1898), i.e. = " God's Gift," derived from
Zend or Old Persian Bagha = Sanskrit or Old
Indian Bhaga, denoting divine power, and
d<2d=gift, been generally accepted ? The
Old Slavonic name and word for God, Bog,
which is preserved in all Slavonic languages
of the present time, has also been found to
be originally akin to the Zend and Sanskrit
name of divine power -Bagha and Bhaga.
Cf. Uhlenbeck's 'Alt-Indisches Worterbuch'
(1899), p. 193. H. KREBS.
ADDERS' FAT AS A CURE FOR DEAFNESS.
A man employed as a navvy on the line from
Tunbridge Wells to Brighton kills adders
in the season on the railway banks, and
extracts their fat, which is in demand as a
cure for deafness. " One lady " (in her
gratitude) " gave him quite a lot o' money."
I have heard the same specific vaunted
among the peasantry of East Suffolk. Can
any reader tell me whether the belief is
ancient, and also whether there is any ground
for supposing the ointment really efficacious ?
SCRUTATOR.
JACOBUS CLERK'S name appears in a Bible
of about the middle or end of the seven-
teenth century. The family was subse-
quently connected with the South of Ireland.
His eldest son was probably named John.
Has any reader come across the name in
pedigrees of English Clarkes ?
R. S. CLARKE, Major.
Bishop's Hall, Taunton.
COL. OAKES AND QUEEN CAROLINE'S
FUNERAL. Can any of your readers inform
me where I can find particulars respecting
Col. Oakes, who commanded a squadron
of the 1st Life Guards employed to suppress
the riot at the funeral of Queen Caroline in
1821 ? I believe that on this occasion he
shot a man dead, and was in consequence
cashiered ; but, later, an attempt was
made to reinstate him in his former position.
When this was found to be impracticable, he
received a vote of thanks for the effectual
manner in which he had prevented a riot, and
was appointed to the Chief Constableship of
Norfolk. I should be very glad to learn if
these facts are correct, or to know where any
details respecting his action in this matter
can be found. (Mrs.) A. M. W. STIRLING,
30, Launceston Place, Palace Gate, W.
70
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. HI. JAN. 28, 1011.
QUEEN'S REGIMENT : SHEFFIELD PLATE
DISH. The officers of the Queen's Regiment,
Warley, Essex, possess a very large old
Sheffield plate dish donor's name forgotten.
They would be glad to know what family
have a cockatrice or griffin with arrow in its
beak, and motto " In Deo spero," as shown
on the dish. W. MACKIE, Lieut. -Col.
NEWENHAM ABBEY, DEVON. In Dug-
dale's ' Monasticon,' vol. v. p. 690, it is said
that a minute account of the journey of the
colony from Beaulieu, 2 January, 1246/7,
appears in the Register of the Abbey of
Newenham, " at present in the possession of
William Wavell, Esq., M.D., of Barnstaple."
Can any of your readers inform me where I
can consult this Register, or find a transla-
tion of the account of this journey ?
J. K. F.
CHERTSEY CARTULARIES. Can any one
inform me whether there are any of the
cartularies of Chertsey Monastery published
besides those given by Dugdale ? G. A. K.
JEREMY SMITH, 1666. Can any reader
of ' N. & Q.' give me information concerning
Jeremy Smith, who held the office of Ranger
and Bailiff of Windsor Park in 1666 ?
E. G. COCK.
MARQUIS OF ORMONDE'S GUARD. Where
can I get information concerning officers
who served in the Marquis of Oimonde's
Guard of Battleaxes ?
E. G. COCK.
BELFAST REGISTERS. Are there any old
registers of Belfast in existence ? If so,
would it be possible to see them ? I want
information concerning some one born about
1677 in Belfast. E. G. COCK.
IRISH BOOK OF REMEMBRANCE. I have
a letter from an old Irish lady (now dead)
in which she refers to a " Book of Remem-
brance " which must have been published
(probably in Ireland) before 1800. It was
presumably a chronicle of Ulster families
or of Anglo-Irish history. Apparently there
was a list of subscribers printed at the
beginning. Can any reader kindly refer
me to such a book ? I am not at all sure
that she gave me the right title of the book
and I can find nothing like it at the British
Museum. W. ROBERTS CROW.
ALEXANDER HOLMES. 1848. In or aboul
1848 the late Alexander Holmes, formerly o1
3, St. George's Place, Hyde Park Corner, hac
a remarkable adventure. A leader in The
Times followed, entitled ' Taking the Bull
>y the Horn.' Can some reader put me in
correspondence with some one who retains
a copy of the paper, now out of print ? I
am interested, as the person referred to
was my uncle, and the attempt was made
,o save his brother my father-in-law, the
ate Joseph Arthur Holmes, J.P., D.L., &c., of
logher House, co. Sligo, near which a hired
assassin lay concealed. ALFRED EDGAR.
55, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh..
MILTON BIBLES.
(11 S. iii. 1.)
IN the later years of the last century I was
a frequent visitor to Bristol, and always
went the round of the old-book shops from
the Colonnade to George's in Park Street,
and I believe it was Kerslake who told me
that when he was staying at a hydropathic
establishment at Matlock, a fellow-visitor
told him he had an old Bible in his bedroom
that had belonged to Jo. Mitt on, the sporting
man. Kerslake asked to see it, and, on its
being brought, exclaimed : " Why, this be-
longed to John Milton the poet ! " to which
its owner replied : " If it only belonged to a
poet, it ain't no good." The result was that
Kerslake obtained it for a trifling sum, and
later very liberally handed it to the British
Mueum authorities at the same price.
I am positive I acquired this information
twenty or more years ago, and have no
doubt it was from Kerslake's own lips.
GEORGE POTTER.
10, Priestwood Mansions, Highgate, N.
P.S. Since sending the above to 'N. & Q.'
I have found in my Milton scrapbook an
article with the heading 'Milton's Bible,'
signed Thomas Kerslake, from The Athenceum
of 5 January, 1884, which gives an extended
account of the acquisition of this Bible, and
references to others. I may add that I have
drawn Sir George Warner's attention to this
article, but I would recommend its perusal
to J. S. S. and others interested.
Probably some information as to the
provenance of the Bible in question might be
obtained by going through Kerslake's book-
catalogues. I have two of them of about the
late fifties or early sixties of the last century,
which comprise the remains of the library
formed by Dr. William Turner of Herbal
n s. m. JAN. 28, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
71
fame, and of that of Sir Matthew Hale.
Kerslake's methods of cataloguing were
eccentric, and at the time of publishing
the two catalogues which I have he was
suffering from an acute attack of " news-
paperitis," and added a " foot-note " of ten
columns to one of the entries. * N. & Q.,'
inter alia, came in for a bit of Mr. Kerslake's
mind. All this, however, is by the way.
But I feel sure the Milton Bible will be found
in one of his catalogues, for Kerslake was
not the man to hide a find of this kind.
I may mention that an article on Milton's
Bibles appeared in The Times of 13 December,
1907. See also ' Book-Prices Current,' 1901,
No. 2838. W. ROBERTS.
18, King's Avenue, Clapham Park, S.W.
Your correspondent has confused a
mother and daughter in the paragraph
beginning " Mrs. Foster, daughter of
Deborah," &c. It was Deborah Milton, the
poet's youngest surviving daughter, who
married Abraham Clarke, and her only
surviving daughter Elizabeth Clarke, who
married Thomas Foster. Deborah Clarke
died in 1727, and Elizabeth Foster in 1754,
while the latter 's husband survived until
1761. For a note on Elizabeth Foster that
escaped Masson's attention see 2 S. iii. 265.
PERCEVAL LUCAS.
It was Milton's granddaughter, the
daughter of Deborah, who married Thomas
Foster. Deborah married Abraham Clarke,
and her daughter Elizabeth married Thomas
Foster, and for her benefit 'The Mask of
Comus ' was performed at Drury Lane
Theatre in 1750. She died on 9 May, 1754,
and was buried at Islington.
In Sir Bernard Burke's ' Rise of Great
Families : Extinction of Families of Illus-
trious Men,' these particulars are found.
R. C. BOSTOCK.
See 7 S. vi. 253.
JOHN T. PAGE.
SOPHIE DAWES, BARONNE DE FEUCHERES
(11 S. iii. 27). There is at least one portrait
at Chantilly. S. D.
A sketch of this adventuress in Chambers' s
' Biographical Dictionary,' 1897, p. 284, is
derived apparently from private informa
tion, or perhaps from French crimina
records. Mr. T. H. Ward has an accoun
of her in ' Men of the Reign,' 1885, pp. 317-
318. SCOTUS.
Miss WYKEHAM, BARONESS WENMAN
11 S. iii. 27). Lord Folkestone to Thomas
Oeevey, 23 February, 1818 :
" Clarence has been near dying ; has been
efused by the Princess of Denmark, and is going,
} is thought, to marry Miss Wykeham."
>eevey's ' Letters,' vol. i. p. 272.
" But the maddest thing of all is what appeared
a the Gazette of Tuesday the peerage conferred
n . She is a disreputable half -mad woman.
He perhaps thought it fair to give her this com-
>ensation for not being Queen, for he wanted to
tiarry her, and would have done so if the late
ing would have consented." ' Greville Me-
noirs,' vol. ii. p. 84.
At a sale of curios some years ago at
ing Street, Covent Garden, Mr. J. C.
Stevens, according to a newspaper cutting,
ffered
a historic flag, which sold for eight guineas.
This flag is of linen, and hand-painted with the
rown, rose, shamrock, and thistle, and the words
King and Constitution.' It was used at the time
f the Coronation of George IV. and William IV.,
nd originally belonged to Miss Wykeham, after-
wards the Baroness Wenman, a descendant of
William of Wykeham. She was a Court beauty
md a friend of Queen Adelaide."
R. J. FYNMORE.
Sandgate.
LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508 ; iii. 37).
W. S. S. confuses the lady's husband with
ler son, the latter being the bearer to Queen
Victoria of the news of her succession. The
irst Marquis Conyngham died 28 December,
1832, according to Burke's ' Peerage.' H.
' YOUNG FOLKS' (11 S. ii. 450, 511 ; iii.
34). Besides ' Treasure Island,' Stevenson's
Kidnapped ' and ' The Black Arrow ' were
originally published as serials in this
Deriodical. * Kidnapped ' ran from 1 May
31 July, 1886, in fourteen instalments,
and was published in book-form during the
same year. ' The Black Arrow ' ran through
seventeen numbers of Young Folks, from
30 June to 20 October, 1883 ; but though it
preceded ' Kidnapped ' in point of date, it
was not published as a book till July, 1888.
Both 'Treasure Island' and 'The Black
Arrow ' purported to be written by " Captain
George North," a pseudonym which was
dropped when the stories were republished.
The history of ' Treasure Island ' formed
the subject of an interesting correspondence
between Mr. Robert Leighton, Dr. Alex. H.
Japp, and Mr. James Henderson in The
Academy, for 3, 10, and 17 March, 1900.
Although ' Treasure Island ' was begun in
August, 1881, at The Cottage, Castleton of
Braemar, it was not completed until Steven-
son had arrived at Davos in October for the
winter. W. F. PRIDEAUX.
72
NOTES AND QUERIES. [i> s. ra. JAN. 28, mi.
THOMAS HARE (11 S. ii. 509). Is
G. F. R. B. certain that he has given the
name and place correctly ? An examination
of various books fails to show that a Thomas
Hare ever was born here, ever married here,
ever lived here, or ever died here.
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
MONTAGU GERRARD DRAKE (11 S. iii. 29).
William Mountague of Little Okely,
Northants, in his will, dated 30 July, 1702
(P.C.C. 197 Eedes), refers to his great-grand-
son Montagu Garrard (Gerard) Drake.
G. F. R. B. may find this reference of use.
There are other Drakes mentioned in the
will. F. S. SNELL.
JAMES FORSYTE (11 S. iii. 25). I re-
member very well James Forsyth as a class-
fellow and companion at the Grammar
School of Aberdeen in 1848-51. Thereafter
we were at Marischal College and University
together for four years. At the close of that
period a number of our fellow-students
gained commissions in the regular army
by competition, and in the H.E.I. C.'s forces
by presentation of Cadetships by one of the
directors, who was, or had been, Lord Rector.
James Forsyth' s, I think, was one of the
presentations. He must, at the time of his
receiving it, have been 17 or 18 years of age.
His father was the Rev. James Forsyth,
D.D., minister of the West Parish Church,
Aberdeen. ALEX. WARRACK.
Oxford.
THOMAS CORYAT AND WESTMINSTER
SCHOOL (11 S. iii. 29). Probably Mr. Cousin
wrote Westminster by mistake for Win-
chester. In the late Mr. Kirby's 'Win-
chester Scholars,' at p. 153, one Thomas
Coryat occurs as the last on the roll for 1590.
The entry is as follows :
"Coryat, Thomas, (10) Odcombe. Qy. the
traveller and author of ' Crudities.' "
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
In Gorton's ' Biographical Dictionary '
it is stated that Coryat was educated at
Westminster. The ' Dictionary ' notice is
based on Wood's ' Athenae Oxonienses '
and the ' Biographia Britannica.'
W. SCOTT.
" ELZE "= ALREADY (11 S. iii. 25).
This elze, " already," is only a particular use
of the general form else, and is so explained
both in the ' N.E.D.' and ' E.D.D.,' with
illustrative examples. The former quotes
Gawin Douglas and Montgomery, and
reminds us that it is in Ray's ' Glossary of
North-Country Words,' reprinted by me
for the E.D.S. Ray has : " Else, adv.
before, already. ' I have done that else,
i.e. already.' ' The derivation is from the
A.-S. elles, not, as Jamieson suggests, from
the A.-S. ealles, which is an unrelated word,
and means " wholly." The senses are :
otherwise, in another way ; also, at another
time, formerly, already.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
If MR. BAYNE has access to a copy of
Sir Thomas Dick Lauder on ' The Great
Floods of August, 1829, in Morayshire,' 3rd
ed., Elgin., 1873, he will find the word
else used in the sense of " already." The
quotation in which it occurs refers to the
rising flood endangering an ornamental
structure in his grounds :
'" John,' said I to the gardener as he was open-
ing the gate that led to it, ' I fear our temple may
be in some danger if this goes on ! ' ' Ow, sir, it 's
awa' else.' "
ALEX. WARRACK.
Oxford.
ROYAL CHRISTMASES AT GLOUCESTER ( 1 1 S.
ii. 501). With reference to Gloucester's
position as an administrative centre in Saxon
and Norman times see Freeman's observa-
tions in his * Norman Conquest,' ii. 61 and
iv. 393, 623, and 690. Both Robert, Duke
of Normandy, son of William the Conqueror,
and Edward II. are buried in the Cathedral.
N. W. HILL
SS. PROTHUS AND HYACINTHUS (11 S.
ii. 528). From ' Studies in Church Dedica-
tions ' (pp. 141-2) it seems probable that the
church of Blisland, near Bodmin, is the only
English ascription to St. Protus, whose name
has been sometimes rendered Pratt. Miss
Arnold-Forster does not identify him with
Protasius, Bishop of Milan, who was a friend
of St. Athanasius ; for, she says,
" the evidence of Blisland feast-day [formerly
September 11] points us to another saint, a certain
very apocryphal martyr, commemorated at Rome,
together with his companion St. Hyacinthus, on
September 11, under the reign of the Emperor
Gallienus. His story may be found in Baring-
Gould's ' Lives of the Saints,' where it forms part
of the romantic and fabulous Acts of a certain
high-born damsel, St. Eugenia."
The name of St. Protus was to be found in
the Calendars of York, Sarum, and Hereford.
ST. SWITHIN.
[W. S. S. also thanked for reply.]
us. HI. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
GTJICHARD D' ANGLE (US. ii. 427, 472, 493).
In the ' Vie et Gestes du Prince Noir '
he is mentioned at least five times. I
refer to " Le Prince Noir Poeme du Heraufc
d'armes Chandos The Life & Feats of
Arms of Edward the Black Prince by
Chandos Herald a Metrical Chronicle with
English Translation and Notes by Fran-
cisque-Michel. London & Paris 1883."
In the description of the army of the King
of France before the battle of Poitiers,
Chandos the Herald speaks of " a body of
four hundred armed horses, with four
hundred knights upon them, all of the
noblest escutcheon."
Guychard d'Angle les conduisoit,
Qui noble chivaler estoit. Line 1040.
He appears to have been associated in his
command with le Sieur d'Augebugny and
Eustace de Ribemont.
In the early part of the battle
Atant veissez venir poignant
Un chivaler preu et vaillant
Qui appelez fut Guychard d'Angle.
Cil ne se boutoit pas en Tangle,
Ains feroit parmy le mestee,
Sachez, de lance et de esp^e.
Line 1192.
(In other instances " veissez " is " veissez,"
with an accent.)
" Then might you see coming spurring on a
preux and valiant knight,"Guichard d'Angle by
name, who did not put himself in a corner, but
struck with lance and sword, know you, amidst
the metee."
Later Guichard d'Angle, having joined
the English, appears in the vanguard led
by the Duke of Lancaster, when the army
was marching into Navarre on its way to
Spain :
Et 1'autre le bon Guychard d'Angle,
Qui ne doit estre mis en Tangle,
Ainz est bien droit que horn s'en remorge.
Line 2283.
" The other the good Guichard d'Angle, who
must not be put in a corner, but is it right that
men should remember him."
Probably "is it " means " it is." " The
other " means the other of the two marshals,
the first mentioned being Stephen de
Cosinton.
The next extract comes from the descrip-
tion of the battle of Najera. Speaking of
those who were on the right of the Duke
of Lancaster, Chandos Herald says :
Et la fut le bon Guychard d'Angle,
Qui ne se tenoit pas en Tangle.
Ovesque li ot ses deux filtz.
Line 3233.
" And there was the good Guichard d'Angle,
who kept not in the background. His two sons
he had with him."
He is mentioned again, among the chief
officers of the " right noble Prince, whilst
he held the province of Aquitaine " :
Monsieur Gwichard d'Angle fut mareschal.
Line 4193.
Estephen (sic) de Cosinton apparently wa&
co -marshal.
I have given the true numbers of the
lines. In the Errata is the following :
" In the numeration of the marginal figures
for 1. 2890 read 2860, and so on till the end."
There is, p. 332, a note as to line 1040 :
" Guichard d'Angle, sire de Pleumartin, and in
1350, seneschal of Saintonge. He was present at
the engagement with the English at Saint-Jean-
d'Angely in 1346, and was taken before the same
town in 1351, and carried to England. After his
release at the end of the following year, he was
constantly engaged against the English, until
his capture at Poitiers. After this he joined the
side of England, in 1363 was appointed by the
Black Prince marshal of Aquitaine, and in such
capacity ordered the following year to levy the
revenues in the dukedom. (Rot. Vase., 38 Ed. III. ,
membr. 4 : Rymer, vol. iii. p. 726, cf. p. 801.)
He fought gallantly at Najera 1367. By an entry
dated February 19, 1341 (n. st.), Charles V. gave
to Geoffroy de la Celle, knight, 60 pounds torneses
of land in Touraine on the estates forfeited of
Guichard d'Angle, ' chevalier rebelle.' (Archives
Nat., JJ. 102, no. 182.) In 1372.be was elected
into the order of the Garter, and at the coronation
of Richard II. was rewarded with the earldom of
Huntingdon and 100 marks per annum for the
support of the dignity. He died in the spring of
1380."
According to the preface (p. xvi), Chandos
probably wrote his poem in 13 86, or perhaps
a year or two earlier.
Francisque-Michel in his preface (p. vi)
quotes from an " account drawn up by
indefatigable John Anstis, Garter King at
Arms," among his papers deposited in the
Heralds' College :
" Chandos was the herald of the famous Sir
John Chandos, constable of Aquitaine."
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
[See the note on Sir John Chandos, ante, p. 25.]
ISAAC JAMINEAU (11 S. ii. 509). He was
appointed Consul at Naples at the date given
by G. F. R. B. (2 July, 1753), and apparently
held that office till August, 1779, when he
was succeeded by James Douglas. He died
3 November, 1789. I have been unable to
find his name among the officials of the Post
Office in the various issues of the ' Royal
Kalendar ' between 1779 and his death.
ALFRED B. BEAVEN.
Jamineau wrote a paper * On the late
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius,' which
appeared in The Transactions of the Philo-
sophical Society, x. 563, 1755. W. S. S.
74
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 28, 1911.
THE STAIR DIVORCE, 1820 (11 S. ii. 489).
Sharpe (' Genealogical Peerage,' vol. iii.),
Anderson (' Scottish Nation,' vol. iii.), and
Burke (' Peerage,' 1875 edition) repeat
substantially the same story. John William
Henry Dalrymple, who became 7th Earl of
Stair in 1821, married in 1808, to quote the
words of Anderson,
" Laura, youngest daughter of John Manners*
Esq., of Grantham Grange, and Louisa, Countess
of Dysart. This marriage was dissolved the follow-
ing year, in consequence of his having entered
into a marriage contract in 1804 with Johanna,
daughter of Charles Gordon, Esq., of Cluny. The
latter marriage was, however, dissolved in June,
1820."
The contradictions arise out of the intricacies
of Scots law. The future Earl became a
married man in 1804 without being 4 * aware
of it. No doubt the dissolution of his 1808
marriage was brought about at the instance,
or on behalf, of his real wife, Joanna Gordon.
There is no evidence to show that the two ever
lived together after 1809. According to
Scots law, separation for four years consti-
tuted a valid ground for divorce. It was on
this ground, I think, that the future Earl
obtained divorce in 1820. The question
of adultery had nothing to do with the case.
Public sympathy was largely on the side of
the lady. She lived in Edinburgh, possibly
died there, and was sometimes spoken of
as " the ill-fated Countess of Stair."
SCOTUS.
"DiE IN BEAUTY" (11 S. iii. 7). I can
answer my own query now : "in Schonheit
sterben " occurs in Ibsen's * Hedda Gabler,'
last act. G. KRUGER.
[MR. W. R. PRIOR also refers to Ibsen.]
" ALL COMES OUT EVEN AT THE END OF
THE DAY" (11 S. ii. 527). Were not these
words suggested by those of Brutus ?
O, that a man might know
The end of this day's business ere it come !
But it sufficeth that the day will end,
And then the end is known.'
' Julius Caesar,' V. i., last speech.
LIONEL SCHANK.
Is not this another version of the saying
" The evening brings all home " ?
NORTH MIDLAND.
It might seem at first sight as if the words
" All comes out even at the end of the day,'
were merely an equivalent for the trite
saying " Death equalizes all things." There
are, however, many old sayings which convey
a similar idea, but present it with consider
able variety of phraseology. It is some
vhat difficult to determine which of these
ayings the Home Secretary had in mind
when he quoted the words. One may
magine that he was giving the substance,
ather than the ipsissima verba, of some
Id writer, or perhaps that he was com-
)ining the sense rather than the actual
vords of several sayings. W. SCOTT.
I fancy that the difficulty lies in the
adverb " even," and that the phrase is tanta-
Tiount to the beautiful insight of Paul when
he declared " All things work together for
good." M. L. R. BRESLAR.
HOLWELL FAMILY (11 S. ii. 528). The
bllowing note regarding the Holwell family
may interest J. T. P. :
" Zephaniah and Sarah Hollival of St. Werburgh
Street, Dublin, had John Hollival, baptized in
St. Werburgh's Church, Dublin, 23 September,
1711. This John had the destiny to emerge from
:he Black Hole of Calcutta and become Governor
of Bengal."
The brothers Edward and Bowes, younger
sons of John Minchin Walcot of Glenahilty,
co. Tipperary, and Croagh, co. Limerick,
along with a John Pigott (?), were also
among the 23 survivors.
WM. JACKSON PIGOTT.
Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down.
ALEXANDER GLENNY (11 S. ii. 509).
All I can add is that his wife's name was
Deborah, and that she died 9 December,
1804, at the aee of 71 years.
W. W. GLENNY.
Barking, Essex.
CHRISTMAS BOUGH : CHRISTMAS BUSH
(11 S. ii. 507 ; iii. 14). This subject is
dealt with in an article by Mr. S. J. Adair
Fitz-Gerald which appeared in T. P.'s
Weekly, 23 December, 1910. S. O. L.
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (11 S. ii. 428,
494). Important information on this sub-
ject may be seen in The Athenceum of
16 and 30 July, 1892. H. S.
EXHIBITION or 1851 (US. ii. 410, 452,
493 : iii. 10). Surely, as Privy Councillors
and Cabinet ministers, T. B. Macaulay and
W. E. Gladstone were entitled to be,
and ought to have been, styled Right
Honourable, not Honourable. If the Official
Catalogue was at fault, it was unquestionably
a blunder. FREDERICK CHARLES WHITE.
26, Arran Street, Roath Street, Cardiff.
[The Official Catalogue described both as "the
Hon."]
n s. in. JAN. 28, i9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
75
EARLY GRADUATION : GILBERT BURNET,
JOHN BALFOUR (11 S. ii. 427 ; iii. 32).
On p. 88 of ' Admissions to the College
of St. John the Evangelist in the Uni-
versity of Cambridge,' Part II., ed. by
J. E. B. Mayor, is Wotton's certificate of
good, conduct from the fellows of St.
Katherine's Hall (the master being away).
It is here stated that he " commenced
batchelor of arts in January 1679/80."
This is decisive for the higher age of
thirteen years and c. five months.
EDWARD BENSLY.
The names of Wotton and Bentley appear
in the Cambridge Honours List for the year
1679/80. Wotton's name is second, and
Bentley 's sixth upon the list.
A. R. MALDEN.
* KOSSUTH COPPERED,' SATIRICAL POEM
(US. ii. 490). There is a copy of this in
the Boston Public Library. On the verso
of the title it is stated that " a portion of
this poem appeared, some weeks ago, in
The New York Herald." If L. L. K.
cannot find a copy near home, I shall be
glad to answer any question that may be
sent direct to me. ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
REV. J. SAMWELL : REV. J. PEACOCK
(11 S. iii. 9). In Julian's 'A Dictionary of
Hymnology,' 1907, p. 1586, it is stated that
John Peacock was b. 1731, became a
Wesleyan minister 1767, retired 1796, and d.
1803. In 1776 he published 'Songs of
Praise compiled from the Holy Scriptures.'
FREDERIC BOASE.
ANDREW ARTER'S MEMORIAL, HAMMER-
SMITH (11 S. ii. 10). Mr. Andrew Arter was
a timber merchant. He lived at Linden
House, Upper Mall, Hammersmith, and
represented Hammersmith in the first and
second London County Councils.
G. W. E. R.
The low stone pillar standing in Beavor
Lane, Hammersmith, is evidently a sort of
cippus marking the angle of a particular plot of
ground, which has been left by some incom-
plete road-widening in its present dangerous
position ; and Mr. Andrew Arter, whose
name is inscribed on the face of the stone,
was evidently the owner of the plot. His
death was recently announced in the papers,
and he was the son of a timber merchant
of the same name, the site of whose premises
in Little North Street, Chelsea, is now
absorbed in that of Harrod's Stores, and
who, somewhere in the fifties, erected the
houses of Bridge Avenue, Hammersmith,
as a speculation. J. TAVENOR-PERRY.
Chiswick.
The worthy here commemorated lived in
Beevor Lane for many years, and died,
I believe, last year. The monument is merely
a boundary stone which he inscribed similarly
to one deciphered by me long ago, and
mentioned in the papers of a bygone archaeo-
logical society. SAMUEL PICKWICK.
QUAKER OATS (US. ii. 528). Recalling
former notices on numerous hoardings, I
seem dimly to remember an explanation of
the term " Quaker Oats " vouchsafed by the
makers of that delicacy. The name (so I
seem to recall the matter) was properly
" Quaking Oats," from a fancied resemblance
to the Briza Media or " quaking grass " of
botany. As " quaking," however, was felt
to be an unsuitable word to use for an article
of food, it was altered into " Quaker,"
whence in due time emerged the portly
gentleman in Quaker garb, whose full-blown
proportions represented the result of the
use of the preparation. SCOTUS.
It is certain that " Quaker Oats " are
food so named because the peculiar way of
milling that produces this food was first
carried on in Pennsylvania, the American
State named after its founder, the famous
Quaker Wm. Penn. T k WILSON.
Harpenden.
WILLIAM MEARS, BELLFOUNDER, 1626
(11 S. ii. 445). The baptismal entry recorded
at this reference does not seem to refer to
the Wm. Mears of the Whitechapel bell-
foundry, though possibly his family might
have come from Nottingham. The White-
chapel firm was begun about 1570 by
William Mott, who sold it in 1606 to Carter
of Reading. It passed to Thomas Bartlett
in 1619, and he and his descendants carried
it on till the end of the century. The last
Bartlett died in 1701, when Richard Phelps
succeeded. After him came Lester & Pack ,
then Chapman was taken into partnership,
and the firm became Lester, Pack & Chap-
man ; but the first name was soon dropped,
and the firm was known as Pack & Chapman.
Their bells were noted for being marked
with riming mottoes, well known to cam-
panologists. Pack died 1781, when Chap-
man took as a partner William Mears. The
latter had learnt his trade at the White-
chapel foundry, and had started in business
for himself several years previously. The
76
NOTES AND QUERIES. in s. m. j. a, 1911.
firm became W. & T. Hears in 1787, Thomas
probably being the son of William. William
retired altogether in 1789. These particu-
lars are abridged from Stahlschmidt's
* Church Bells of Kent,' pp. 66, 92, 93, 109-
113, where a fuller account of the White-
chapel firm can be found, but no further
details as to William Mears. A. RHODES.
SHIP LOST IN THE FIFTIES (11 S. ii. 528).
Was the ship in question the Birkenhead
(steam- transport), wrecked on the coast of
Cape Colony on 26 February, 1852 ?
G. C. MOOEE SMITH.
On 19 October, 1853, the Dalhousie (com-
manded by Capt. Butterworth) foundered
off Beachey Head, when the Captain, the
passengers, and all the crew, with the
exception of one man, perished, about
60 persons in all being lost. Perhaps this
may be the vessel referred to in the query.
The newspapers of the period will no doubt
contain a list of the drowned.
On 30 August, 1857, the Dunbar clipper
was wrecked on the rocks near Sydney,
when 121 persons perished. Only one
individual was saved, after clinging to the
rocks for about thirty hours. W. SCOTT.
ALFIERI IN ENGLAND (US. ii. 421, 532 ;
iii. 37). The duel between Edward, second
Viscount Ligonier, and Count Alfieri took
place in the Green Park on Tuesday, 7 May,
1771. See Public Advertiser, 11 May ;
Gazetteer, 11 and 14 May ; Town and Country
Mag., iii. 238, 277 ; Lady's Mag. [1771],
478. Alfieri is said to have been wounded
slightly in the arm, and his life spared, after
he was disarmed, by the injured husband.
In the petition for divorce at Doctors'
Commons in June-November of the same
year the movements of Lady Ligonier and
Alfieri after the duel were described by
several of the witnesses. The former left
Cobham Park on the evening 'of 7 May, and
from the 8th to the 17th of the month she
resided in New Norfolk Street, London,
where she was visited by the Count. On
17 May she set out for France, being joined
at Shooter's Hill by Alfieri ; but, as no
accommodation could be had there, they
proceeded to " The Rose Inn " at Dartford.
Here they stayed together until Monday,
20 May. On that morning they went in
a post-chaise to Shooter's Hill; but Lady
Ligonier and another lady returned the same
evening to " The Rose Inn," and proceeded
to Rochester. Shortly afterwards Alfieri
followed on horseback. The witnesses state
that the pair were going to France together.
See ' Select Trials at Doctors' Commons/
printed for S. Bladon, London, 1779, vol. iii.
The account of the divorce proceedings
in the ' Journals of the House of Lords,'
January, 1772, corroborates the statement
that Lady Ligonier went to France ; and
according to a paragraph in The Public
Advertiser of 20 November, 1771, she was-
then residing at Calais. There are many
statements about the pair in 'The Gazetteer
of 1771, and a careful search through the
files of the newspapers for this year would
probably disclose Alfieri' s movements in
detail. HORACE BLEACKLEY.
'TiT FOR TAT,' AMERICAN NOVEL (US.
ii. 489 ; iii. 56). In Sampson Low & Co.'s
' English Catalogue, 1872-80,' Miss M. E,
Smith is named as the author of a book with
this title, an edition of which was published
in 1875 by Hurst & Blackett. This lady is
apparently the Mary Elizabeth Smith who
brought an action for breach of promise
against Lord Ferrers, and wrote in 1849 a
poem, ' Moscha Lamberti,' that is partly
autobiographical. N. W. HILL.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US.
iii. 29).
Captives of his (or my) bow and spear
A faulty remembrance of 2 Kings vi. 22,.
" Wouldest thou smite those whom thou
hast taken captive with thy sword and with
thy bow ? " W. C. B.
[PROF. BENSLY also refers to the same text.}
RIDDLE OF CLARET (11 S. ii. 527). An old
custom is here referred to. It is difficult,,
perhaps impossible, to ascertain how it
originated. A riddle or sieve was no doubt
employed for convenience in carrying the
bottles of wine. Claret rather than any
other wine was probably consumed because
it was comparatively cheap and easy to be
procured. But why a riddle of thirteen
bottles should almost invariably have formed
a feature at archery dinners is not at all easy
to conjecture. At archery meetings the
number thirteen may perhaps have been
supposed to bear some mystic relationship to
the number of arrows discharged in the
competition.
But the gift of a riddle of claret was not
confined to archery meetings. At golf
competitions also the magistrates and town
council, invited to the closing celebration
dinner, were in the habit of presenting for
consumption a riddle of claret. Perhaps
some superstitious notion lay at the root
a s. m. JAN. 28, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
77
of the custom. At all events, the gift of a
riddle of claret was of long standing, and
dates from days when people attached more
importance to lucky and unlucky numbers
than they do now. SCOTTJS.
WATER-SHOES FOE, WALKING ON THE
WATER : GEORGE PARRATT (11 S. ii. 485).
In * The Wonders of the Universe ; or,
Curiosities of Nature and Art,' 1824, culled
on the false title and at the head of the
letterpress * The New Wonderful and Enter-
taining Magazine,' p. 47, is an article headed
' A Curious Invention for Walking upon the
Water.' The first paragraph is :
" Mr. Kent's [of Glasgow] recent invention of
a machine by which he walks or moves along
upon the water at the rate of three miles per
hour, has produced the announcement of another
novelty of the same description, but which seems
more extensively useful. The inventor terms it
an Aquatic Sledge ; it is thus described : "
Then follows an account of this sledge,
invented " some years ago " by Mr. Bader,
" councellor of mines at Munich, in Bavaria."
" The first public experiment was made with
this machine on the 29th of August, 1810, before
the royal family at Nymphenburg, with complete
success. It is described as consisting of two
hollow canoes or pontoons, eight feet long, made
of sheet copper, closed on all sides, joined to
each other in parallel direction, at a distance of
six feet, by a light wooden frame. Thus joined,
they support a seat resembling an arm-chair, in
which the rider is seated, and impels and steers
the sledge by treading two large pedals before him
Each of these pedals is connected with a paddle,
fixed perpendicularly in the intervals between the
two pontoons. In front of the seat stands a small
table, on which he may read, write, draw, or eat
and drink .... This vehicle is far safer than a
common boat, the centre of gravity being con-
stantly in the middle of a very broad base, a
circumstance which renders upsetting, even in
the heaviest gale, absolutely impossible. It is
moreover so contrived, that it may be taken to
pieces in a few minutes, packed in a box, and put
together in very short time."
The box containing two metal pontoons,
each eight feet long, and the other things
must have been rather large.
Some 20 or 25 years ago there was an
exhibition of " life-saving " inventions in the
Channel. The chief organizer, or perhaps
only one of the organizers, was a friend ot
mine, dead long ago, Mr. George Parratt.
He was a fairly prolific inventor of in-
genious but useless things. His pet in-
vention was a lifeboat consisting mainly
of collapsible pontoons, which in case of
need were to be inflated by bellows. This
was, I think, the principal machine in the
exhibition, which took place on and about
the^catamaran steamship Castalia, which is
now, or was not very long ago, a smallpox
hospital, somewhere in the lower reaches of
the Thames.
Among the strange inventions was one for
as it were walking in the sea. It was
an indiarubber boat about four feet long by
about two feet in the middle, with two india-
rubber stockings attached to the bottom.
The inventor's assistant got into this boat
with his legs in the stockings, closed the
top covering round his waist, and then
went down the perpendicular ladder lashed
to the ship's side. Either before going
down or directly he got into the water, he
proceeded to inflate the apparatus through
a tube. He had with him a little double
paddle, with which he was intended to
propel himself. The tube, however, got
loose or otherwise out of order, and the boat
began to fill and sink. Fortunately, there
was a very handy man on board, with little
more than a pair of old trousers on ; he
hurried down the ladder, and caught the
hand of the sinking assistant of the inventor.
There were other inventions which were
so dangerous that it was a wonder that no
one was drowned, although the sea was
perfectly calm.
At one time Parratt 's raft lay in the
Serpentine at another in the water at (?)
the Earl's Court Exhibition. What be-
came of it eventually I do not know.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
COUNTY COATS OF ARMS : Co. SOMERSET
(11 S. iii. 30). According to 'The Book of
Public Arms,' Somerset has no armorial
bearings :
" The seal of the County Council simply ex-
hibits the inscription, ' The Seal of the County
Council of Somerset, 1889.' The arms of Bath
have sometimes done duty for the county; but
the ' Justices ' Seal, which is most beautifully
executed, represents King Ina in his Palace of
Justice, and at his feet is a portcullis, the old
Plantagenet badge, evidently allusive to the old
Beauforts, Dukes of Somerset. On the dexter
side are the arms of the Somersets, Dukes of
Beaufort, balanced on the sinister by the arms
of the Seymours, Dukes of Somerset. At the
base are the arms of the See of Bath and Wells,
and at the top are the arms .... a cross patonce
between four martlets."
ROLAND AUSTIN.
Public Library, Gloucester.
PlTT AND WlLKES ON ENFRANCHISEMENT
(11 S. iii. 8). Inquiry is made at the above
reference for the names of the 36 boroughs
which Mr. Pitt in 1785 proposed to dis-
franchise, and the inquirer adds that he put
this question many years ago.
78
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. JAN. as, 1911.
I doubt whether it is possible for us at
this time to specify them, and I cannot find
that Mr. Pitt ever enumerated them. In his
speech in Parliament (18 April, 1785) he
expressed his belief that the House would
agree with him in thinking that " there
were about 36 boroughs so decayed as to
come within the scheme," and he proposed
" the establishment of a fund fa million
Eounds] for the purpose of purchasing the
anchise of such boroughs as might be
induced to accept of it " (' Parl. Hist.,' xxv.
441-2).
This language seems to me to show that
he necessarily left the names of the boroughc
in the dark. The Western counties of
England by themselves would have provided
a sufficient number of Parliamentary boroughs
which were ripe for extinction.
W. P. COURTNEY.
Unless the names of the burghs proposed
to be disfranchised by Pitt are contained
in the Journals of the House of Commons,
it is hard to say where a complete list of
them may now be found. The following
works might be consulted : Stockdale's
' Parliamentary Guide ' for 1785, or ' De-
bates and Parliamentary Register .... from
1780 to 1796,' published by Debrett.
Massay's ' History of England during the
Reign of George III.,' vol. i. chap, ix., deals
at some length with the subject of corrupt
constituencies. Earl Stanhope (' History of
England from the Peace of Utrecht,' vol. i.
chap, i.) gives a list of 35 " hereditary seats,"
which probably coincides to some extent with
the list of Pitt. The Rev. Christopher
Wyvill, Rector of Black Notley, published a
work bearing directly on Pitt's Bill, entitled
' Summary Explanation of the Principles of
Mr, Pitt's intended Bill for Amending the
Representation of the People in Parliament '
1785. He also wrote, ' State of the Repre-
sentation of the People of England/ 1793, and
* Political and Historical Arguments proving
the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform,'
1811, 2 vols., but I cannot say whether he
gives the names of burghs to be disfranchised.
As regards Wilkes, it is scarcely likely that
any list of the burghs he proposed to wipe
out can now be found. His speech, how-
ever, in bringing forward his measure, is still
extant, and may be read in " The Treasury
of British Eloquence .... Compiled by Robert
Cochrane," Edinburgh, W. P. Nimmo,
1881, pp. 165-9. In the course of his
speech he names some ten or a dozen burghs
to which the term " rotten " used to be
applied. W. SCOTT.
RATS AND PLAGUE (11 S. ii. 465).
" Accordingly it appears that the priests
and diviners then knew that ' scientific
basis ' " is the ending of my Note 2431 in
The Boston Evening Transcript's ' Noter>
and Queries ' of 10 September, 1910 ; and
this note can doubtless be seen in the file of
that periodical at its London office, 3,
Regent Street, by any interested in coinci-
dences. My note was based on a dim
remembrance of a similar article in The
New York Evening Post of about ten years
ago, so the parallel is not novel, as thought
by CANON SAVAGE.
Further light is thrown by Baikie's * Sea
Kings of Crete,' pp. 167-8 ; and that the
rats are not directly responsible for spreading:
the plague, but merely as they are" hosts "
for fleas, may be inferred from a paper
read before the (London) Zoological Society
on 15 November, and briefly recorded in
The Athenceum of 10 December, p. 738.
ROCKINGHAM.
Boston, Mass.
HACKNEY AND TOM HOOD (11 S. iii. 29).
Hood slightly alters Byron's ' Childe
Harold,' canto iii. st. 21 :
There was a sound of revelry by night,
And Belgium's capital had gather'dthen
Her Beauty and her Chivalry, and bright
The lamps shone o'er fair women and brave men.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
[MB. T. BAYNE and DIEGO also refer to Byron.]
GOATS AND Cows (11 S. ii. 466, 534).
George Eliot was evidently cognizant of
this custom. In ' Middlemarch ' (1881 ed. r
p. 291), when describing the old farm home-
stead called Freeman's End, she says r
" There was an aged goat (kept doubtless on
interesting superstitious grounds) lying
against the open back-kitchen door."
See also 9 S. v. 248, 359, 521 ; vi. 132, 196,
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchingtorj, Warwickshire.
" PUCKLED "(US. ii. 526). The ' N.E.D/
records the word " puck-led " s.v. " Puck,' r
sb. 1 e, but gives no such early quotation as
that produced by MR. PIERPOINT.
L. R. M. STRACHAN.
Heidelberg.
CAP!. WlTHAM AND THE SlEGE OF GIBRAL-
TAR (US. iii. 28). The incident referred to
is not to be found in Drinkwater's ' History
of the late Siege of Gibraltar,' although that
writer gives a full account of the sortie made
on the night of 26 November, 1781, along
with a plan of the operations. He even
condescends upon details, as where he
ii s. in. JAN. 28, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
79
narrates that " a volunteer of the 73rd
Regiment lost his kelt [sic] in the attack,"
from which it may be argued that it was a
" warm affair " while it lasted. See ' His-
tory,' 3rd ed., p. 203 (London, J. Johnson,
1786). T. F. D.
A Suffolk Hundred in the Year 1283. Edited by
Mr. Edgar Powell. (Cambridge University
Press.)
MR. POWELL has published a valuable addition to
the history of Suffolk, and, we may add, an
important contribution to the financial practices
of the Edwardian period. The original is pre-
served in the Record Office in a manuscript
on seventy skins of parchment written on one
side only. It is with few exceptions in good con-
dition, but the list of parishes is not quite com-
plete. The roll is not only important as showing
by what method the national finances were raised
when Edward I. was king, but also in some cases
it indicates how farming was carried on in days
when, as many people yet fancy, the cultivators of
the soil were but little above the condition of
serfs.
The money which the King called for was
urgently required for the second Welsh war,
which broke out on Palm Sunday, 1282, and lasted
till the October of the following year, when, as
the writer tells us, " the last Celtic Prince of
Wales suffered the ignominious death of a traitor."
It was for carrying on this contest that the assess-
ments were made, and, the royal treasury being
empty, the King in the first instance was, it seems,
compelled to apply to the merchants of Lucca
to help him in discharging his most pressing
needs ; but the cash he required was far more
than they were willing to supply. No time, how-
ever, was to be lost, so Edward in June, 1282,
dispatched John de Kirkeby, Archdeacon of
Coventry, who afterwards became Bishop of Ely,
to borrow money of the towns and religious houses.
London contributed 4,OOOZ., and York 693Z. 6s. 8d.
Although, with the exception of those for Ipswich,
the documents which Mr. Powell has given are
the only ones providing full details, a roll remains
in which we have the gross sum for each shire.
In this it is strange to find that Lincolnshire and
Norfolk were regarded as by far the richest
counties.
Towards the end of the volume there are thirty
eight carefully elaborated tables of the tax lists
of the Hundred of Blackbourne. These will
require much study before it will be possible
to understand what were the live and dead stock
belonging to the men and women who were
occupiers of lands and tenements.
We know of no other documents of about
the same period which give so fully the average
of prices as those before us. An attempt has been
made to draw a comparison between the popula-
tion of the villages in 1283 and 1908. It has been
impossible to make any statement that will be
satisfactory, but no reasonable doubt exists
that there were far more men, women, and children
in the villages 625 years ago than those who
follow the older teachers areVilling to imagine.
Traherne'8 Poems of Felicity. Edited by H. I-
Bell. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
WE venture to think that too much has been
made in some quarters of the poems by the seven-
teenth-century poet Thomas Traherne, which were
first published by Mr. Dobell in 1903, and are here
edited, with additions, by Mr. Bell. There is
always a danger that the discoverer of an un-
known or forgotten treasure will appraise the
value of his find too highly, because it is his
own ; and when it is claimed that Traherne
belongs to the same brotherhood as Vaughan and
Herbert and Crashaw and Henry King, we cannot
but dissent. On their weaker side of mystical
obscurity and involved quaintness there may be
resemblances, but he has little of their brightness
of fancy and felicity of expression. His lines do-
not arrest and stamp themselves on the memory.
Traherne's lyre had but few strings, and on
three of these he harps with somewhat tedious-
iteration. A favourite theme with him is the
superior blessedness of infancy, to which he
returns again and again, contrasting its innocence
and bliss, the loss of which he never ceases ix>
deplore, with the deterioration of adult manhood ,.
which is further off from heaven. Here he is
at one with Vaughan ; and R. L. Stevenson
might have written the poems entitled ' Shadow
in the Water ' and ' On Leaping over the Moon.'
Another subject on which Traherne loves to dwell
is the deeper insight and wider scope of the inward
spiritual eye. Here he approximates to W T ords-
worth, who might have acknowledged as his own
the lines
A meditating inward ey
Gazing at Quiet did within me ly (p. 14).
A third maxim of his mystic philosophy, to
which many poems are devoted, is that the world
belongs of right and de facto to him who with
the seeing eye and thankful heart best appreciates
its beauties, far more than to the mere possessor
and legal proprietor. Izaak Walton had anti-
cipated him in this fine sentiment.
The editor includes thirty -nine poems inot
given in Mr. Dobell's editio princeps, and tells
us the little known of Traherne and his works.
He need not have doubted yer (p. 144), a common
spelling of ere in seventeenth- century books.
The Utopia of Sir Thomas More. Edited by
George Sampson. (Bell & Sons.)
THE philosophical yarn of that veracious mariner
Hythlodaye (" Babbler ") is of perennial interest,
and Messrs. Bell have produced an excellent
edition of it in their " Bonn's Libraries " under
the care of Mr. Sampson. He has appended to
the ' Utopia ' the Latin original of 1516, together
with Roper's Life of More (in a critically accurate
text obtained by the collation of four MSS. in the
British Museum), and a selection of his letters.
Mr. Sampson falls into the common mistake of
over-annotating his text. The reader hardly
requires to be told in a note, when More refers
to Cicero, that this was " the famous orator and
philosopher M (p. 24) ; and no one will thank him
for the information that CC in the text means
" two hundred " (p. 81). An " algorisme stone "
was certainly not a " slate," as explained p. 333 ;
and " La Bruayere " (p. 137) needs to be corrected.
Per contra, we have to thank him for a full Biblio-
graphy, and an excellent engraving of Holbein's.
I portrait of More, which forms the frontispiece.
80
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. ra. JAN. 28, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
MR. EDWARD BAKER'S Birmingham Catalogue
283 contains among works under Art Solon's
' Ancient Art Stoneware of the Low Countries,'
2 vols., folio, 1892, 21. 5s. In a list under Debrett
is ' Dictionary of the Coronation,' 1902. There
.are works under Folk-lore, Heraldry, and India.
Under Mary, Queen of Scots, are Cowan's ' Who
wrote the Casket Letters ? ' 2 vols., 16s., and
Cust's ' Authentic Portraits,' based on the re-
searches of Scharf, 18s. 6d. Napoleon items
include Sergeant's ' The Burlesque Napoleon,'
* Lost Voyages ' by Rose, ' Surrender ' by Dick-
son, and ' New Letters.' Works under Occult
include Paracelsus, 2 vols., 4to, cloth, new, 1894,
11. Is. Under Pottery are Solon's ' Old English
Porcelain,' 11. 15s., and his ' Old French Faience,'
11. Is. Regimental Records include Almack's ' Royal
Scots Greys,' limited edition on Japanese vellum,
new, 1908, 21. 2s. Under Spain will be found
' The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain,' 3 vols.,
small 4to, 1907, 18s. 6d. ; and Calvert's ' Al-
Jiambra,' 15s. Under Tibet is Landon's ' Lhasa,'
.2 vols., royal 8vo, 1905, 15s.
Mr. Baker has also a short special list of 80
items, Catalogue 284, devoted to Astrological,
Occult, and Spiritualistic Subjects. These in-
clude Inman's ' Ancient Faiths,' 2 vols. bound
in 4, 1868-9, 21. 12s. 6d. ; Wilson's ' Dictionary of
Astrology,' 2 vols., 1819-20, 21. 10s. ; ' Incidents
in the Life of Madame Blavatsky,' by Sinnett,
.21. 2s. ; ' Gypsy Sorcery,' by Leland, 1891,
ilimited edition, 11. 10s. ; and Mather's ' Kabbala
Denudata,' 1887, 21. 2s.
Ellis's Catalogue 132 contains choice and
scarce books, such as the first edition of Ogilby's
' xEsop,' 1651, in dark-blue morocco, 9Z. 9s. ;
ithe first Spanish edition of Ariosto, 1549, 61. 6s. ;
Castillo's ' The Courtyer,' 1561, first edition,
unorocco, 111. 10s. ; Cotgrave's ' French-English
.Dictionary,' first edition, folio, olive morocco,
1611, 12Z. ; a fine tall copy of Drayton's ' Poems,'
1619, 151. 15s. ; the first edition of Fielding's
* Amelia,' 4 vols., 1752, 51. 5s. ; the first collected
-edition of Forde's ' Virtus Rediviva,' 1661,
Wl. 10s. (this copy contains all the separate title-
pages, and has written on the fly -leaf " Thomas
Fforde, his booke cost 3s.") ; and the first edition
of George Herbert's ' Remains,' 1652, 4Z. 4s.
The best edition, black-letter, of Hall's * Union
of the two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lan-
castre & Yorke,' 1550, is 12Z. j and a beautiful
'Copy of the first edition of Chapman's ' Homer,'
2 vols. in 1, folio, 25Z. There is one of the most
profusely illustrated books issued in France in
the early years of the sixteenth century, Petrus
de Natalibus, ' Catalogus Sanctorum et Gestorum
eorum,' 1508, 12Z. 12s. An excellent copy of the
'Second Folio Shakespeare is priced 180Z., and a
fine one of George Wither's collection of ' Em-
'blemes,' first edition, 1635, russia extra, 21Z.
A section of the Catalogue is devoted to Law,
Trade, and Economics. The first edition of
Chambon's ' Le Commerce de 1'Amerique par
Marseille,' 2 vols., 4to, 1764, an important work
for the Colonial history of America, is 4Z. 4s.
Under Intrationes is a fine example of the Pyn-
son press, ' Intrationum excellentissimus Liber,'
tfolio, black-letter, calf, 22Z.
Messrs. Henry March Gilbert & Son send from
Winchester their Catalogue 36. The Magazine of
Art, 1887-98, is 11. 4s. Under Bohn are 22 vols.
of his Classical Library, half-vellum, 3Z. 17s. 6d. ;
under Brayley and Britton, ' The Beauties of
England and Whales,' 19 vols. in 24, 8vo, full calf,
1801, 1Z. 15s. ; and under Dickens, the first
edition of ' Dombey,' 1848, half -calf, 18s. There
are many items under Hants, including Duthy's
'Sketches,' 1839, 14s.; and Milner's 'Win-
chester,' second and best edition, 2 vols., 4to,
half-calf, 1809, 1Z. 2s. 6d. There is a fine set of
Hume and Smollett, 17 vols., calf, 1841, 1Z. 5s.
Other works include ' The International Library
of Famous Literature,' edited by Garnett, 20 vols.,
11. 10s. ; with oak stand, 2Z. ; Milman's ' Latin
Christianity,' 6 vols., 12s. ; Mommsen's ' Rome,'
4 vols. in 5, 1Z. 2s. 6d. ; and first edition of Rogers's
' Italy,' original boards, 1830, 1Z. 5s. (it will be
remembered that Rogers spent 10,OOOZ. in pro-
ducing this work). Under Waterloo are six tracts
bound in one volume, 1816-19, 10s. 6d. In the
Addenda are the Knebworth edition of Lytton ;
Wheatley's edition of Evelyn, 4 vols., 1Z. Is. ;
Lady Lennox's ' Life and Letters ' ; Siniles's
* Lives of the Engineers,' &c.
Messrs. Maggs Brothers' Catalogue 263 contains
a choice collection of decorative engravings,
principally by English and French artists of the
eighteenth century, in monochrome and colour.
Bartolozzi, Cosway, Morland, Reynolds, Row-
landson, Say, J. R. Smith, C. Turner, and Wheatley
are all represented ; among those after Rem-
brandt are ' Judas casting down the Thirty
Pieces of Silver,' ' Tobit protected by the Angel,'
and ' The Standard-Bearer,' of which an illus-
tration is given. Views of London include
Waterloo Bridge, 1817 ; south view of London
and Westminster from Denmark Hall, near
Camberwell, 1779 ; and Somerset House from
the Strand, 1819. Part IV. contains Napoleonic
caricatures in colours. The Catalogue has many
illustrations, among them being ' Children
throwing Snowballs,' by Ward ; ' Children
Nutting,' by Morland ; * Merry Wives of Windsor.'
by Peters ; and ' Sleeping Nymph,' by Mrs.
Opie.
tn
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us. m. FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
81
SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE.
THERE have been many sad notes in dear
old ' N. & Q.' since Thorns founded it in 1849,
but none more sad than our note to-day of
the death of the Right Hon. Sir Charles
Wentworth Dilke.
Born on the 4th of September, 1843, at
76, Sloane Street, the house in which he
died on Thursday, the 26th of January,
he came from his earliest years under the
influence of his grandfather, whom he much
loved, and who lived close at hand in a bright
cheerful house in Lower Grosvenor Place,
with a view from the drawing-room windows
of the gardens of Buckingham Palace. Of
the pleasant memories of this he was speak-
ing to me quite recently.
On the death of his wife Mr. Dilke went
to live at Sloane Street, where his son built
a library and rooms for him. It was the old
man's delight to have his grandson with him
among his books and get him to read to him
choice selections from his twelve thousand
volumes. It was in this way that Sir Charles
acquired his large range of knowledge of
literature, and his grandfather's influence
gave the whole tone to his life in politics
and social questions. Many of these topics
found a place in The Athenceum, which
condemned the employment of children
in mines, giving illustrations of their
emaciated condition, and favoured parks
for the people, public libraries, and other
advantages. To carry out the enlarged
ideas of his grandfather was Di Ike's aim
from his youth, and, as is well known, he
worked to secure better conditions for the
people to the last day of his life.
The affection with which his grandfather
regarded The Athenceum Dilke inherited to
the full, and his desire was that the same
spirit of truth and independence should be
maintained as when the paper was under
Mr. Dilke' s control that it should be
"faithful and just in its criticisms, the
earnest seeker after truth, severe when the
occasion required, but always more happy
when helping to add a name to the roll of
fame than when removing an unworthy one
from it."
It was in 1872 that Sir Charles became
proprietor of ' N. & Q.' on the retirement
of Thorns, who was succeeded by Doran
as editor ; but it was not until soon after
Knight became editor that Dilke joined
" the happy few, the band of brothers."
From that time he read ' N. & Q.' week by
week, following closely every discussion in
its columns ; and though he did not write
such elaborate articles as those by his
grandfather on Pope, Junius, and other
subjects, his contributions over the signa-
ture of D., as will be seen by the last two
General Indexes and the earlier half-yearly
indexes, were most various and suggestive.
He frequently adopted other signatures,
made up of the initials of the first words
of the heading of the article. The question
as to the National Flag greatly interested
him, and he was delighted when the dis-
cussion was finally settled by the official
recognition of the Union Jack. It is curious
that it should have been thought that he
lacked a sense of humour. To those who
knew him his hearty laugh was infectious,
and, besides, how could a man have written
that amusing brochure ' The Fall of Prince
Florestan of Monaco' without an uproarious
sense of fun ?
The review of ' Papers of a Critic ' which
appeared in ' N. & Q.' on the 10th of July,
1875, was by his old friend Thorns.
No record of Dilke' s life would be complete
without a reference to the second Lady
Dilke. Sir Charles as a tribute to her pub-
lished 'The Book of the Spiritual Life,'
which she had written as complementary
to her works * The Shrine of Death ' and
' The Shrine of Love.' This he preceded by
a short memoir, and Knight in his review
which appeared in ' N. & Q.' on the 3rd of
June, 1905, said : ' : Admirably has the feat
been accomplished, and though the chivalry
and the devotion are everywhere apparent,
the reticence of the utterance is not less
manifest than its fidelity and truth. It is
the record of 'a noble, industrious, and
well -spent life, memorable in literature,
art, and social progress, and as the final
exposition of a spiritual, practical, and in a
sense optimistic faith.'
JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS.
82
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. in. FEB. 4, mi.
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY k, 1911.
CONTENTS.-NO. 58.
SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE, 81.
NOTES : Tottel, Puttenham, and Chaucer, 82 "Terra
Susana," 83 Burial-Entries of Strangers, 84 "Pas-
senger" in the 'N.E.D.' Sir Thomas Bodley, M.P., 85
Ordinaries of Newgate "The Old Mogul," Drury Lane
" Vail" : its Use by Scott, 86.
QUERIES :-"Tewke," "Tuke," a kind of Cloth Prickly
Pear and Monreale Cathedral Henry, Prince of Wales-
Herbert W. Stebbins- William Elmham ' Death of
Capt. Cook,' 87 Lea Wilson's Collection of Bibles-
Benjamin Garlike Scottish Titles conferred by Cromwell
Sir Francis Bathurst Long Barrows and Rectangular
Earthworks Parish Formation Fairfax : Sayre : Maun-
sell Sudane or Soudan Family' Guide for the Penitent,'
88 Pyrrhus's Toe Warren Family Sir Charles Chalmers
Hampshire Map Amphisbsenic Book Hungarian Bib-
liography " Rebecca and her Daughters " Pawper or
Pauper Bird Subterranean Chamber in Staffordshire, 89.
REPLIES .-Thread - Papers Benjamin Bathurst, 90
Archdeacon Fifield Allen Thackeray and the Stage-
Thackeray's Last Words Matthew Prior's Birthplace-
Bishop FitzGerald, 91 Authors Wanted" Essex " as a
Christian Name "Ennomic" Corpse Bleeding, 92
Speaker's Chair, 93 Count of the Holy Roman Empire-
Miss Pastrana" Bolt/on ffaire groates " Canova's Busts,
94 Corn and Dishonesty Smiths of Parndon Rev.
Sebastian Pitfield's Ghost Church with Wooden Bell-
Turret' Flying Dutchman,' 95 Spider's Web and Fever
Coroner of the Verge Club Etranger, 96 "Carent"
Songs of the Peasantry Inscriptions in Churchyards
W. J. Lockwood The Three Wishes Knots in Handker-
chiefs, 97 Blackstone's ' Commentaries ' Whyteheer, 98.
NOTES ON BOOKS :-' The Oxford English Dictionary.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : Canon Hewitt.
TOTTEL' S ' MISCELLANY,' PUTTEN-
HAM' S 'ARTE OF ENGLISH POESIE,'
AND CHAUCER.
ALTHOUGH more than 350 years have passed
since Tottel published his ' Miscellany,' the
authorship of only four of the 134 anonym-
ous poems in his book is claimed to have
been traced, and one of these claims is ex-
tremely doubtful. I have found three more
authors to share in them, Chaucer amongst
the number.
On the strength of a MS. note-book of
verse, partly composed, and partly copied
from others, by a William Forrest, and
finished by him 27 October, 1572, the
authorship of two poems seems to be
definitely settled. One of these (Arber,
p. 173),
I lothe that I did love, Ac.
Forrest assigns to Lord Vaux, and his
assignment is corroborated by George
Gascoigne in the Epistle to young gentlemen
prefixed to the 1575 edition of his * Posies '
(" Cambridge English Classics," p. 11). The
other is the celebrated song (Arber, p. 163)
Geve place you Ladies and begon, &c.
assigned by Forrest to John Heywood.
In the * Arte of English Poesie,' p. 247,
Puttenham unhesitatingly asserts that Lord
Vaux also wrote (Arber, p. 172)
When Cupid scaled first the fort, &c.
Which of the Lords Vaux is meant by
Puttenham, Forrest, and Gascoigne is a
matter that has not been determined, and
is still open to discussion.
Next we come to the doubtful ascription.
In Tottel (p. 164) there are fourteen lines
which seem to be an extract from a poem
formed on the plan of the legends in ' The
Mirror for Magistrates,' and the first letters
of the lines and the final one of the quotation
spell the name " Edwarde Somerset." It
is extremely unlikely that Somerset wrote
these lines, because the conceit of signing
a name in verses was commonly practised
by writers of those times, who sometimes
make the party designated speak in the first
person.
Up to the present, so far as I can learn,
these are the only poems in Tottel's " Un-
certain Authors " that have had authors*
names subscribed to them since the ' Mis-
cellany ' first appeared in June, 1557.
Churchyarde, however, in his * Challenge/
1593, claims that he wrote " many things
in the booke of songs and Sonnets " printed
in Queen Mary's days, meaning, no doubt,
Tottel's work ; but I have sought vainly
through his known work for proof of the
statement, which I do not challenge, for
Churchyarde was a voluminous writer, and
evidently a very honest man and a good
fellow withal. ' The Gorgeous Gallery of
Gallant Inventions,' 1578 a similar
anthology to Tottel's, and intimately con-
nected with it, for it prints several poems
included in the * Miscellany,' though some-
times in a varied and not easily recognizable
form -contains one of Churchy arde's songs,
commencing,
The heat is past that did mee fret, &c.
Parke's * Heliconia,' pp. 94-5.
No signature is given, but the original or
amended version of the song, minus two-
stanzas and with variations, occurs in
' Churchyardes Charge,' 1580 (Collier's re-
print, pp. 51-2). But Tottel yields nothing
tike what can be seen hi Churchy arde's
mown work.
ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
The last writer for whom a claim has been
put in is Sir Francis Bryan, who, according
to Michael Drayton (' Elegies,' 1627), had a
share in the ' Miscellany.'
As I had found little difficulty in tracing
PuttenhanVs quotations from Tottel and
others, it occurred to me that some success
might follow from an inquiry into the ante-
cedents of some of these charming little
gems in the * Miscellany,' for it seemed to
me to be a lamentable thing that no progress
had been made in unearthing the authors and
history of a collection of songs and sonnets
which had passed through seven editions
by 1587, and which must have exercised
very great influence on writers and men
and women of culture up to King James's
time, if not beyond. I soon found that Sir
John Harington the Elder had been a
contributor to the collection, and that one of
his poems is of high historical interest ; and
that another piece in it was composed
by Sir Antony St. Leger, who was Lord
Deputy of Ireland from 1540 to shortly
before his death in 1559. But I was more
than surprised to find Chaucer in the
' Miscellany,' although I had noted that there
is verse in Tottel which must belong to
writers of about 1400, or much earlier than
Tottel's time.
In the Aldine edition of ' Chaucer's
Works ' there are two versions of one of the
poet's * Minor Poems,' headed ' Good
Counsel 1 of Chaucer,' both commencing,
Fie fro the pres, and duell with sothfastnesse, <kc.
Vol. VI., pp. 295 and 316-17.
The shorter version consists of three stanzas
of seven lines each, and has various readings
from the longer one, which adds a stanza,
also of seven lines, as the 'Envoy.' Now, if
one turns to Tottel, pp. 194-5, this poem
will be found there, headed " To leade a
vertuous and honest life." The Tottel
poem sometimes agrees with one version of
the Chaucer poems, and sometimes with the
other where it differs from its fellow ; but
it omits the ' Envoy.' Chaucer is said to
have written the verses " upon his dethe
bedde leying in his great anguysse," but
doubts have been cast upon the genuine-
ness of the work. Tyrwhitt, however, and
Godwin admitted its authenticity, and it is
included in most or all authoritative editions
of Chaucer issued in recent years.
I think this evidence is sufficient to
justify us in putting down Chaucer as one
of Tottel's authors, and so leave it.
There is another little matter concerning
Chaucer which may as well be cleared up
now, especially as it concerns Puttenham,.
who quotes as from the poet twice, a*.
ollows :
O soppe of sorrow soonken into care, &c.
P. 221
When faith failes in Priestes sawes, &c.
P. 232.
The latter quotation, of course, comes from
he ' Minor Poems,' where it is headed
Chaucer's Prophecy ' ; but the other does
not belong to the poet, and is the property-
)f Robert Henryson, forming the opening
>f ' The Complaint of Cresseid ' (see ' Dunbar
Anthology,' p. 17], Oxford Universty Press,'
1901). Puttenham found his quotation in
he 1532 edition of Chaucer's Works, printed,
y Thomas Godfray,* which is really a
iscellany, for it contains pieces by Lyd-
gate, Occleve, Gower, Scoggin, and others,
n prose and verse. CHARLES CRAWFORD.
"TERRA SUSANA."
THIS is a term of rare occurrence. The
only published work in which it seems to-
lave been noticed is in an undated list of
;he possessions of St. Augustine's, Canter-
3ury, following the ' Chronica ' of William
Thorn in Roger Twysden's ' Decem Scrip-
tores,' col. 2202. Thorn wrote about 1397.
The principal passages are these, Arabic
numerals being used in place of Roman :
' In marisco cum aqua 418 acr. 3 virg. 2 Day-
works et de terra Susana 400 acr. dimid.
3 Dayworks. Item de feodo camerse 130 acr.
5 Dayworks et dimid. Item de feodo vesturse-
de terra marisci 48 acr. Item ;de feodo vestures-
de terra Susana et bosco 42 acr.. 1 rod.
4 Dayworks Item apud Stodmersch de terra.
Susana prati et marisci 488 acr. 1 virg. dimid."
The word is always printed in italics..
Somner, who compiled a glossary to the
* Decem Scrip tores,' says that " terra susana"
means worn-out land, the condition of which
has been exhausted by over-cultivation,,
from the French suranne, " which exceeds a.
year." Ducange, quoting passages in the
above list where the word occurs anJ
Somner' s opinion, adds significantly : " Sed,
ut verum fatear, vim vocis non assequor
omnino." Kelham in his dictionary of the
'Norman or Old French Language' (1779)
has the entry : " Susanne, suranne (terre)^
land worn out with too long ploughing."
This corroborates Somner, and proves that
the word has been found in its French form.
I have not been able to trace any instance-
of this, and should be glad to hear of one.
What has suggested the present note is
that the word occurs in the foundation.
84
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.
charter of the chapel of Northye, Sussex,
a copy of which is included in the Register
of Bp. Robert Rede of Chichester (1397-
1415), and another at the end of Book Y
in. the Chichester Cathedral muniments.
This charter is shown by internal evidence
to belong to A.D. 1262. The passage is :
" Et tres acras terre mee susane in eadem
parochia [Bixle, i.e. Bexhill] quas Robertus
Bercarius aliquando tenuit de me in Calde-
cote " Book Y reads, " Et tres acras
mee Lusane," which looks as if the copyist
did not understand the term. The Rev. E.
Turner in Suss. Arch. Coll., xix. 23-6,
gives a very free translation of the charter,
and avoids this word altogether.
I have only one more probable instance of
its occurrence, namely, in " Susan's Farm,"
Eastbourne. This has been traced on an
old map, and seems more likely to be a
survival of a piece of terra susana than a
personal place-name.
If it is assumed that the term came from
across the Channel it is natural enough that
it should not occur beyond the counties of
Kent and Sussex. As to its derivation,
Somner's explanation seems unsatisfactory,
for land passed over for the year in ploughing
operations would be fallow rather than
derelict, to become fruitful again after suffi-
cient rest. It seems to be coupled with
marshland in Kent, and William de Northye's
grant shows that it was near five other acres
aquis et fossatis circumquaque inclusas."
An ingenious guess, therefore, has been made
that it may be land soused, or subject to
periodical flooding in wet seasons ; but this
conjecture could not " hold water " if the
term came from Normandy, and its French
origin seems to be matter of certainty.
Littre gives no help, nor does the word occur
in Moisy's ' Glossaire Anglo -Normand,' or
* Dictionnaire du Patois Normand ' ; but
M. Eusebe de Lauriere in his ' Glossaire
du Droit Francois ' (a Paris, 1704, torn. ii.
p. 397) explains the term " Susan, Surana-
tion," thus :
" When a process commenced has not been
followed up .... or when a Sentence, a com-
mission, a judge's mandamus, or a prince's
rescript has not been put into execution within
the year. ..."
and a note is added :
" In France a rescript which any one has
obtained from the prince perishes in the ye;-r if
it has not b een used, like a Pontifical rescript."
Such a process then becomes useless, of no
value ; so does over-cultivated land. May
this be the clue to the meaning of terra
susana, or is it to be sought elsewhere ?
The double form sur, sus, gives no difficulty.
Both in Normandy were equivalent to the
Latin super, says Kelham, sub becoming suz.
CECIL DEEDES.
Chichester.
BURIAL-ENTRIES OF STRANGERS.
I HAVE sometimes thought what an excellent
thing it would be for genealogical searchers
if the numberless entries in parish registers
of the burial of strangers (where parishes or
places are mentioned) could be made gene-
rally accessible. Unquestionably, some of
these " foreign " entries, could they be known
to interested parties, would supply many a
missing pedigree-link ; but they occur
where no ordinary searcher would dream of
looking for them. Large towns, or even
villages situated on important roads, would
probably supply many examples.
By way of illustration, I append a series
of rough notes I recently extracted from the
unprinted registers of St. Peter's, Notting-
ham, during a recent search over a period
of about 'a century. I may add that scores
of officers and soldiers occur among burials
of the Civil War period, many of whom were
doubtless far from their homes :
1573. John, son of Tho. Forman of Strelley,
Notts, buried.
1576. " One Michaell, a stranger, who by his
own confession came from within a myle of
Oxforde, and departed at the house of one Robert
Wilkenson in the towne of Nott., bookebynder,"
buried.
1593. Sir James Abercrumby buried.
1599. Robert, son of William Burbidge, late
of Stanton-le-Stones, co. Derby, buried.
1612. Martin Hornesey, gent., prisoner, buried.
1614. Nicholas Neale, gent., traveller, buried.
1624. Mary, d. of Mr. William Tomlinson,
minister of Thorpe, near Ashburn, co. Derby,
buried.
1628. An, d. of William Couper of Burton
Jorse, buried.
1628. Richard Muston of Cropwell Butler,
buried.
1636. Gervase W T est, gent., " chiefe cooke to
the right honourable Lord Chamberlaine to the
Kings Maiesty," buried.
1640. Symon, son of Richard Bullock of Lon-
don, deceased, buried.
1655. John, son of Mr. Walter Whalley of
Cotgrave, buried.
1656. Ruth, wife to Squire Middleton, buried.
1659. Richard Ryder, gent., buried at Sauley.
1659. Mrs. Mary, widow of Tho. Cooke of
Whatton, buried.
1675. Mary, d. to Mr. John Hull, London,
baptized.
1680. John, son of Thomas and Dorothy
Towle of Bramcoate, baptized.
1681. Sarah, d. of Henery Tealar and Dorothy,
of Darley, co. Derby, baptized.
ii s. in. FEB. 4, MIL] NOTES AND QUEEIES.
85
1686. Richard, s. of Thomas Levis, of Beeston.
and Mary, baptized.
1666. Fortune, d. of John Lawson, of Lenton,
buried.
1666. Thomas Sanderson of Shelford, buried.
1668. Anne, wife of William Webb, citizen of
London, buried.
1669. Thomas Boylston, gent., and citizen
of London, buried.
1671. Jane, wife of Richard Squire of Kinalton,
buried.
1672. Luke Killingworth, of Killingworth in
Northumberland, Esq., buried " in ye Middle
Alley of ye Church."
1675. Susannah, d. of John Speed of Basford,
gent., buried.
1675. William Presley of Howbecke, P.
Cuckney. buried.
1675. John Baldocke of Widmerpoole buried.
1676. Mary, d. of Thomas Beamon of Blyth,
Notts, buried.
1676. Ann, d. of James Coxe, of Outhorpe,
buried.
1676. Mary, d. of Thomas Lorrinton of Stones-
ley, co. Leicester, buried.
1677. " Henry Smith, of ye County of Yorke,"
buried.
1678. Martha, d. of William Round of Alfreton
co. Derby, buried.
1678. Jonathan, s. of Jqnathan Martin of
Duffield, buried.
1678. Francis, son of the late Andrew Clarke,
gent., of Yorke, buried.
1679. Mary, d. of Isaac Wollet of Haslewood
P. Duffield, co. Derby, buried.
1679. Adam Adcock of London buried.
1679. Susannah, d. of Thomas Newham of
Arnold, buried.
1680. Cornelius Launder of Alfreton, co.
Derby, buried.
1680. Jane, d. of Thomas Athorpe of [blank],
co. Yorke, gent., buried.
1680. Thomas, s. of George Blagg of Gedling,
buried.
1681. George, son of Peter Jackson of Mans-
field, buried.
1682. John, s. of Andrew Buxton of Great
Cropwell, buried.
1682. John, s. of the late Mr. John Ward of
London, buried.
1682. Ann, wife of Will. Fletcher of Derby,
buried.
1683. Elizabeth, d. of Samuel Spencer of
Lenton, gent., buried.
1684. Martha, wife of William Wheateley of
Ruddington, buried.
1684. John Whittecar of Leeke, co. Stafford,
buried.
1686. Anne, d. of William Raggsdale of Edwal-
ton, buried.
1686. Katherine, wife of Robert Warner of
Papleweeke, co. Nottm., buried.
1686. Mary, d. of James Bingham of
ECigham, co. Derby, buried.
1686. Mr. John Viccars of Loughborrow
buried.
1688. Mary Greene of Shelf orde buried.
1689. William, s. of Ed Aster of Beeston,
buried.
1689. " A Dutch Souldjer." [Repeated in
the same year.]
A. STAPLETON.
" PASSENGER " IN THE ' N.E.D.' Meaning
No. 6 is given by Sir James Murray as follows:
" Slang. One of the crew of a racing-boat who
adds to the weight without contributing his share
to the work ; hence an ineffective member of a
football team, etc."
The only quotation is one from The Guardian,
25 May, 1892 : "In the ordinary amateur
band there are always several ' passengers.' '
The date at which the slang meaning had
come into use is indicated by " 1885 [Re-
membered at Oxford]." That it was familiar
at Cambridge four years earlier than this
can be proved by a definitely dated example
with the meaning of a useless man in a boat.
In the second volume of The Cambridge
Review, in the number for 1 June, 1881,
appeared " The Naval Contest at Ditton,
Thucydides, ix. 1." signed H. R. T(hu-
cydides), i.e. H. R. Tottenham, fellow
of St. John's. On p. 355 are the words
** nor is it likely that they will carry many
supernumeraries (7TpiWa>s, Anglice pas-
sengers] " Mr. Tottenham's brilliant parody
was reprinted in his ' Cluvienus his Thoughts,'
Cambridge, 1895.
Canon Ainger in his ' Crabbe ' (" English
Men of Letters") seems to have made a
singular mistake about the meaning la of
the ' N.E.D.,' " A passer by," in dealing
with a statement in the Rev. George Crabbe' s
life of the poet :
"Having left my mother at the inn, he walked
into the town alone, and suddenly staggered in the
street and fell. He was lifted up by the passengers."
-P. 161, 1834 ed.
Ainger's comment is " probably from the
stage-coach from which they had just
alighted" (p. 79, chap. v.). Surely the
people passing in the street are here meant.
EDWARD BENSLY.
SIB THOMAS BODLEY, M.P. The ' D.N.B.'
states that " his first attempt to enter into
public life seems to have been unsuccess-
fully made in 1584, when he was recom-
mended by Sir Francis Cobham for election
to parliament as M.P. for Hythe."
On referring to ' The Barons of the Cinque
Ports and the Parliamentary Representa-
tion of Hythe,' by the late George Wilks,
Esq., Town Clerk, I find a copy of Lord
Cobham' s recommendation, dated from Cob-
ham Hall 25 October, 1584, and signed W.
Cobham ; and at p. 63 the entry in the
Corporation Assembly Book is given thus :
" Memorandum That the 27th daye of October.
1584, Mr. Mayor, the Juratts, and Comon'ty,
being assembled in the Comon Hall there, touch-
ing the answering of a letter sent from Mr,
Lieutenant of Dover Castle, in the name of the
86
NOTES AND QUERIES. t n s. m. FEB. t, mi.
Lord Warden [of the Cinque Ports, Lord Cobham],
therein his honor maketh request to have the
nomynation and election of one of the Burgesses
to the Parliament w ch goe out of Hethe uppon the
next Sumons for the same, whereuppon the sayd
Mayor, Juratts, and Comon'ty have uppon good
consideration granted his honor's request, and
4ihat his honor shalbe answered accordingly.
"Memorandum That the first daye of November,
1584, Mr. Mayor, Juratts, and Comon'ty being
assembled in the Town Hall there, to choose and
appointe Burgesses to the Parliament to be
holden the xxiij* 1 day of this instant of Novem-
ber at Westm r accordinge to the Sumons in that
behalfe directed, as also accordinge to the effect
of a 1're sentt to the sayd Mayor, Juratts, and
Comons from our Lord Warden in the behalfe of
one Mr. Thomas Bodyly, whoe is ellected to be
one of the said Burgesses by the Lords of Her
Ma*?* Privie Councell, and also p'ferred unto us
by y* Lord Warden as a man very meet for the
ame, and lykewise allowed to be one by the sayd
Assembly. And for the Election of y* other
JBurgesse for the sayd towne, the sayd Assembly
have no'iated, elected, and chosen, Christopher
Honiwood, gent, Mayor there, together with the
sayd Mr. Bodyly, to be and appeare at Westm'
at the day above sayd."
From this it appears, not that Bodley was
unsuccessful, but that he was elected.
The next election was in September, 1586,
when two fresh candidates were elected.
R. J. FYNMORE.
Sand gate.
OBDINABIES OF NEWGATE. (See 10 S. vii.
408, 454; viii. 10, 278; 11 S. ii. 325.)
In The Pvblic Advertiser, Wednesday, 20
October, 1773, there is a report of the pro-
ceedings at the Court of Aldermen at Guild-
hall, when, the resignation of the Rev. John
Wood of the office of Ordinary of New-
gate being announced, a curious debate
took place. The Lord Mayor, James Towns-
end, recommended Mr. Silas Told for the
vacant post,
"because for above 20 years the said Told had
repeatedly of his own accord gone in the cart with
the condemned prisoners to Tyburn to sing and
pray with them and give them spiritual food.
This recommendation, however, did not meet
with the approval of the Court.
Silas Told, whose portrait appears in
Hogarth's ' March to Tyburn,' is a familiar
name to students of the history of crime,
and a full account of him is given in Major
Griffiths's * Chronicles of Newgate.'
HORACE BLEACKLEY.
[See also the references to Told sited by MR. A. L.
HUMPHREYS at 10 S. x. 390.]
" THE OLD MOGUL," DBUBY LANE.
The destruction of this old public-house,
with the Middlesex Music -Hall adjoining
it, removes another ^.London landmark
familiar to all who know Drury Lane.
Those who can remember the Drury Lane
of the seventies will note how completely
and entirely it has altered since that time.
In a very little while virtually the whole
lane will have been rebuilt, and what was
at one time a most disreputable thorough-
fare will become as respectable as Gharing
Cross Road.
" The Old Mogul " occupies the ground
formerly covered by " The Mogul's Head,"
which was a well-known tavern in the reign
of Charles II. ; and Nell Gwynne lived on
the opposite side of the lane. The music-
hall has twice been rebuilt within the last
sixty years, and is notable only as the place
where many artists who afterwards became
famous made their first appearance. George
Augustus Sala described a night there some
thirty years ago.
FBEDEBICK T. HIBGAME.
" VAIL " : ITS USE BY SCOTT. Reprints
of Scott's poems and novels persistently give
" veil " where " vail " was undoubtedly the
form intended and duly written by the
author. " Vail," to lower, which is distinct
from " veil," to cover, is well illustrated
in Shakespeare. Typical examples are those
in ' Venus and Adonis,' 1. 956, where the
amorous goddess is said to have " vail'd
her eyelids " ; in * The Merchant of Venice,'
I. i. 28, in which passage a noble vessel comes
to the mind's eye as " vailing her high-top
lower than her ribs " ; and in ' Hamlet,'
I. ii. 70, where the Queen of Denmark
deprecates the " vailed lids " of her per-
plexing son.
Scott seems to have liked the word, and
he uses it appositely in various circumstances.
One well-known example is in ' Marmion,'
iii. 234, in the expression "Princes vail
their eyes." Reprints after Lockhart's time
frequently have the reading " veil " in this
passage. In special editions, however,
critical experts have restored the original
version, and their example is beginning to be
followed by those who superintend a com-
plete issue of the poetical works. A reading
in ' The Lord of the Isles,' which has not
been so widely and closely considered as the
earlier poem, has not had the same good
fortune. This occurs in i. 239, where the
Lady Edith is asked to notice how Ronald's
galley stoops her mast to the gale,
As if she vail'd its banner'd pride,
To greet afar her prince's bride.
" Veil'd " is the reading presented here in
what is virtually an excellent edition of
Scott's poems in a single volume. In the
us. in. FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
same work, however, the ' Marmion ' passage
is correctly given.
Two instances from a reprint of " The
Author's Edition" of 'The Talisman' may
suffice meanwhile to show how the case stands
in the novels. Near the beginning of
chap. xxiv. we read of spiritual dignitaries
4< who in those days veiled not their bonnets
to created being." Scott must have written
the other word. In the song of ' The Bloody
Vest,' which Blondel sings in chap, xxvi.,
this couplet appears :
And say unto my lady, in this dear night-weed
dressed,
To the best armed champion I will not veil my
crest.
It is evident what the reading here ought
to be. THOMAS BAYNE.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
" TEWKE," " TUKE," A KIND OF CLOTH
References to this are frequent from c. 1490
to 1553. Rogers, * Agric. and Prices,' has
from Oxford, 1494, " 1 piece of Tewke for
Tergates," 112 yds. at Is. 3d. ; and from
Cambridge, 1496, 12 yds. "Tewke" at
Is. Id. A will of 1496 has " gownes lyned
with Tuke " ; and Palsgrave, 1530, has
" Tewke to make purses of [Fr.] trelis."
(Littre explains treillis as " grosse toile dont
on fait des sacs.") An inventory of church
goods at Stafford, 1552-3, has " one canopy
of tewke, ij f rentes of sylke, iij crosse
clothes, ij of sarsnet, and the other of tewke."
We should be glad to know if anything
has been discovered as to the nature of this
cloth, and especially as to the derivation
of the name tewke. (Connexion with High
German tuch is hardly to be thought of at
that date ; the Dutch and Flemish was
doec, doek.) J. A. H. MURRAY.
Oxford.
PRICKLY PEAR AND MONREALE CATHEDRAL.
Botanists seem to be satisfied that the
prickly-pear cactus, now common in southern
Mediterranean lands, is not indigenous,
and was introduced there from America in,
I think, the seventeenth century. In the
Cathedral at Monreale, near Palermo, is a
well-known series of mosaics, representing
Biblical incidents, executed, it is said, in the
time of the Normans, by Byzantine artists.
When I saw these (now 22 years ago), I
thought that I observed several instances
in which the artist had depicted common
objects which he saw around him. For
example, Esau in quest of venison pursues
quail, the wild game in the artist's day (as
I supposed), and still, I believe, hunted on
the slopes of the neighbouring Monte Pelle-
grino. Similarly Adam and Eve, after their
expulsion from the Garden of Eden, are
represented as clothed (rather uncomfortably)
with leaves which to my eye were those of
the prickly pear.
Possibly this mosaic is not now in its
original condition ; or I may have been
wrong in thinking that the prickly pear was
represented as the substitute for the fig
leaves. I cannot pay another visit to Mon-
reale to verify my impression, nor can I here
consult any description or history of the
mosaics. I shall therefore be greatly obliged
if any of your readers will give me informa-
tion on the subject. THOMAS LANGTON.
80, Beverley Street, Toronto.
HENRY, PRINCE OP WALES : MARK ON
HIS NECK. In literature contemporaneous
with him I have discovered what appears
to be an allusion to Henry, Prince of Wales
(son of James I.), who died in 1612. Among
other characteristics, the person alluded to
is described as having a mole, or some similar
mark, on his neck. Had Prince Henry
such a mark on his neck ?
If this can be shown to be the case, the
allusion will be established, and will prove
to be interesting, if not important. P.
Philadelphia.
HERBERT W. STEBBINS. The address is
earnestly desired of Herbert W. Stebbins,
who made inquiry in The Genealogist of
October, 1900, concerning my ancestor
Stephens Thomson, Attorney-General of
Virginia 1703-14, and his descendants.
(Miss) KATE MASON ROWLAND.
C/G Virginia Historical Society,
Richmond, Virginia.
WILLIAM ELMHAM. I am astonished to
see that William Elmham, governor of
Bayonne, admiral of the English fleet
" versus portes boreales " in 1379, a partisan
of Richard II., is not mentioned in the
' Dictionary of National Biography.' What
more is known of him ?
EDME DE LAURME,
Soignies.
' DEATH OF CAPT. COOK/ This piece was
performed at Covent Garden in March,
1789. Can any reader oblige me with infor-
mation regarding four of the cast, viz., Mr.
Blurton, Mr. Cranfield, Mr. Darley, and
88
NOTES AND QUERIES. tu s, m. FEB. 4, 1911.
Miss Francis ? I should also be glad of ' PABISH FORMATION. Where may I find
any bibliographical information regarding
the French piece from which this ballet
was adapted. R. H.
LEA WILSON'S COLLECTION OF BIBLES.
I shall be obliged if any reader can give
me information as to the disposal of the
collection of Bibles, &c., belonging to Lea
Wilson, of which a catalogue was printed in
1845. If the collection was sold by auction,
I should be glad to know the date of the sale.
I specially desire to discover the present
location of the copies of three editions of the
Metrical Psalms which appear in the cata-
logue, viz. : 39. The Psalms, &c. 16mo,
Schilders, Middelburg, 1599. 78. The
Psalms, 16mo, Raban, Aberdeen, 1629.
79. The Psalms, 16mo, Hart, Edinburgh,
1630. WILLIAM COWAN.
BENJAMIN GABLIKE. Is anything known
about the career of Benjamin Garlike,
British Minister at Copenhagen 1805-7 ?
Is any biographical sketch in existence ?
W. R. PBIOB.
SCOTTISH TITLES CONFEBBED BY OLIVEB
CBOMWELL. Mark Napier states in his
life of John Graham of Claverhouse, Vis-
count Dundee (1859), vol. i. p. 217, that the
Marquess of Argyll and Sir Archibald John-
stone, commonly called Lord Warriston,
had titles given by Oliver Cromwell. I have
never heard of Scotch titles being conferred
by the Protector. It is probable, however,
that the statement is correct. - Can any-
one tell me what the titles were, and if
others were given by him to Scotchmen ?
L. S. M.
SIB FBANCIS BATHUBST. Sir Francis
Bathurst went to Georgia about 1734 with
his wife Frances and some of his family.
About 1737 his wife died in Georgia, and
soon after Sir Francis was married by the
Rev. John Wesley to Mary Pember, the
widow of the Attorney-General of Antigua.
It is supposed that Sir Francis and his wife
sailed for England after this marriage,
possibly with Wesley. Can any reader
verify this, and give date and place of death
of Sir Francis and his wife Mary ?
AGNES.
LONG BABBOWS AND RECTANGULAB
EABTHWOBKS. I should be glad of refer-
ences to papers dealing with long barrows
associated with rectangular earthworks.
EDITOB ' BBADFOBD ANTIQTJABY.'
the fullest and most trustworthy account
of the formation of the ancient parishes of
England ? GBEGOBY GBUSELIEB.
FAIBFAX : SAYBE : MAUNSELL. Mar-
garet, daughter of Sir Thomas Fairfax of
Silling, co. York, and widow of William
Sayre of Worsall, between 1531 and 1535
married a Richard Maunsell (Durham Cur-
sitor Records, Deputy Keeper's Reports).
1. Who was this Richard ? I think he
was brother of William M. of York, or at
any rate one of the Yorkshire family, but
I want proof.
2. When did Margaret die ?
3. Is there any reference to issue by this
marriage, or any other information ?
D. MAUNSELL.
SUDANE, SOUDAN, OB SOLDANK FAMILY :
INSUDANEYE. I should be obliged to any
reader of ' N. & Q.' who could give me infor-
mation regarding a family named Sudane
or Soldank (the latter is Hasted' s spelling).
This family was a distinguished one ; a
certain Stephen Soudan took part in the
Barons' Wars (Henry III.). Hugo Soldank
held the manor of Hopland, Westbere,
Kent, in that reign, as well as that of East
Sutton or Sutton Court. Thorpe several
times mentions the name in his ' Chronicle *
('Decem Scriptores') in connexion with
charters of St. Augustine's monastery, the
abbots of which were lords paramount of
most manors in the vicinity. The name iu
question is variously spelt by Thorpe,
Soldani, Soldan, &c.
As early as circa A.D. 940 reference is made
to " terram quse continet xliiij manentes, in
loco qui dicitur Insudaneye," close to the
Isle of Thanet, and " cur tern xij manentes
habentem in loco qui dicitur Sturreye."
Can any one locate Insudaneye ? This
place seems to me to have been near Chislet.
Any information will be much valued.
J. F. PITMAN.
' GUIDE FOB THE PENITENT.' Who is the
author of the ' Guide for the Penitent ' fre-
quently, even in Jeremy Taylor's lifetime,
bound up with 'The Golden Grove,' and
hence often erroneously ascribed to the
Bishop ? The author is referred to in the
preface of many editions as "of the highest
order of the Church." The ' Guide ' has
been published separately at least once
by the S.P.C.K. in 1852, edited by C. T. B.,
probably Chas. Black. I can find no clue
at the B.M. to the authorship.
E. M. Fox.
ii s. JIL FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
89
PYRRHUS'S TOE. In Sir Thomas Browne's
* Hydriotaphia ' is an allusion to " Pyrrhus
his toe," which could not be burnt. Where
can I find an explanation of this allusion ?
I have searched in vain through every
annotated edition that I have found, and
in many books of reference. E. M. Fox,
WARREN FAMILY. Could any reader
furnish particulars of the " Virtus mihi
scutum " Warrens of Middlesex, Surrey,
Herts, &c., between 1600 and 1698 ? I
possess details from 912 to 1600. Gilbert
Warren was living at the 1634 Heralds'
Visitation at the hamlet of Colney. Thomas
Warren (Middlesex 16-), who was from
Poynton, Cheshire, used exactly the same
arms. Please reply direct.
J. R. WARREN WARREN.
Little Maplestead, Halstead, Essex.
SIR CHARLES CHALMERS, BT. His name
appears, as such, in the Army List of 1755,
as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. He
died at Valdore in India on 1 November,
1760. Wanted information as to the
baronetcy. When was it conferred, and
when did it become extinct ?
J. H. LESLIE, Major R.A. (retired).
Dykes Hall, Sheffield.
HAMPSHIRE MAP. I have the north-west
portion of a map (unfortunately badly
mutilated) of Hampshire which is adorned
with engravings of the principal scenes,
my portion containing views of Silchester
walls with a plan, Carisbrook Castle, and
Portchester Castle. The map is well exe-
cuted, and the engravings are good ; it
would appear to date from about the period
of the late 18th or early 19th century. Can
any of your readers inform me where this
has been taken from and its exact date ?
T. A. OPPE.
51, Moorgate Street, E.C.
AMPHISB^NIC BOOK. The Bodleian
Library prints a ' Staff-Kalendar ' for the
use of those employed there. The first
issue was that of 1902 (4 May 31 Dec.), and
consisted of 80 printed pages and 16 blank,
for notes.
With the issue for 1905 began the habit of
printing a ' Supplement to the Staff-Kalen-
dar,' " meant to be revised and enlarged
yearly, until it becomes as far as possible a
complete directory to the practice of the
library." In order to make reference to
either part of the book instantaneous, the
Supplement begins at the other end of the
book from the Kalendar, with a separate
cover-title, title-page, and pagination. The
whole of this matter is, by necessary con-
sequence, inverted as compared with the
Kalendar.
Are there any other modern books so
printed ? Has MR RALPH THOMAS a
" bibliographical term " for such a book ?
The one that heads this query seems hardly
adequate, though it suggests the facts.
Q. V.
HUNGARIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. Where can
I get copies of the following ?
1. 'Resurrection of Hungary.' Printed in Ireland
in 1904.
2. * Hungarian Protestantism ' (T. Watts-Dunton).
Printed in 1906 or 1907.
3. A book on Hungarian gipsies by Walter Crane.
I have not been able to find these in the B.M.
Catalogue. W. H. SHRUBSOLE.
29, Halons Road, Elthara, Kent.
" REBECCA AND HER DAUGHTERS."
The Times of 5 January, in noticing a book
on the Rebecca Riots in Wales, says that
Miss Evans, the editor of it, does not
"allow the etymology of 'Rebecca' which traces
the term to Gen. xxiv., 60, where her family bless
Rebekah and say, * Let thy seed possess the gate
of those which hate them.' The rioters, she says,
determined to dress Thomas Rees, one of their
leaders, in women's garments, and came across a
tall stout old maid named Rebecca, whose dress
was made to fit him."
Is this upsetting of a long-cherished belief
justifiable ? May not the encounter with
the stalwart spinster have been merely a
confirmation of a name previously selected
as being of good omen to the cause ? I
fancy that Thomas Rees was to be of the
petticoated sex in order to represent the
Biblical Rebekah. ST. SWITHIN.
PAWPER OR PAUPER BIRD. William
Harrison in his ' Description of England,'
1577, Book III., chap. ii. ' Of Wild and
Tame Foules,' says :
" As for egrets, paivpers, and such like, they are
dailie brought unto us from beyond the sea, as if
all the foule of our countrie could not suffice to
satisfie our delicate appetites."
This bird, it is stated, is mentioned, in an
Act of Parliament relating to grain temp.
Queen Elizabeth. Of what description, and
whence, is this bird ? L. S.
SUBTERRANEAN CHAMBER MENTIONED IN
PLOT'S ' HISTORY OF STAFFORDSHIRE.'
Hargreave Jennings in his book on the
Rosicrucians gives an account of a sub-
terranean chamber mentioned by Dr. Plot in
90
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
his ' History of Staffordshire,' published
in the reign of Charles II. Plot also says that
the place became afterwards famed as the
sepulchre of one of the brotherhood. The
Spectator, No. 379, for Thursday, 15 May,
1712, has an account of it.
Can any one tell me the exact locality, and
is the place still in existence ? C. L. K.
THREAD-PAPERS.
(11 S. iii. 8.)
I HAVE a clear recollection of my mother's
thread-papers, as one of them found after
her death in 1887 was made from an early
plan of the Alexandra Palace estate, and,
as I have never seen another copy, is now a
much-valued item in my local collection.
Thread was bought in skeins, and then
cut into pieces of uniform length ; these
were passed through flattened tubes made
of stout paper to prevent their getting
entangled. These flattened tubes were called
" thread-papers." GEORGE POTTER.
10, Priestwood Mansions, Highgate, N.
A hank or skein of thread was stitched up
by the domestic sempstress in a narrow
piece of soft paper, about 9 or 12 inches long,
leaving the ends free, for convenience of use,
and to keep it from being ravelled or tangled.
By the time the thread was finished, the
paper, known as a " thread-paper," became
pinched up, wrinkled, and ragged by much
handling, so that " worn to a thread-paper "
was a phrase commonly applied to any
person or thing in like condition. I suppose
the wooden reel, which I was taught to call
a bobbin, has superseded the thread-paper.
W. C. B.
I believe that thread-papers were long
strips of paper folded twice longitudinally,
in which our grandmothers, or great grand-
mothers, kept skeins of thread, so cut that
they could draw out a doubled-up needleful
at will. I have seen Berlin wools so arranged,
and the different shades of one colour
arranged in sequence in one bundle of these
paper sheaths. When they were merely
thread-papers, they would not be very
bulky. I remember hearing some tall
attenuated women referred to as " thread-
papers without the thread." I suppose poor
Strephon wished to suggest that the lady of
his heart would use the paper on which his
verses were inscribed for work-bag purposes
ST. SWITHIN.
The following passage from Sheridan's
Rivals ' (1775) proves that the word was not
restricted to journalistic use, nor to the
early eighteenth century :
Thos Is she rich, hey ?
Fag. Rich ! Why, I believe she owns half the
stocks ! Zounds ! Thomas, she could pay the
national debt as easily as I could my washer-
woman ! She has a lapdog that eats out of gold,
she feeds her parrot with small pearls, and all
tier Ihread-papers are made of bank-notes !
Act I. sc. i.
So MR. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL'S quotation
trom " poor Strephon's " letter is another
instance of the usual diffidence evinced by
poets in prefaces, introductions, dedications,
and accompanying letters. J. F. BENSE.
Arnhem, the Netherlands.
In bygone times threads, wools, and
sewing silks were universally sold in skeins.
To prevent entanglement, the ladies would
take a half sheet of letter-paper note-paper
was not used in those days and fold it in
four. The skein would be opened, and its
two sides put under the outer sides of the
paper ; the two middle sides would then be
doubled together ; and generally the paper
was fastened by a bit of thread being tied
about an inch from each end of it. The
skein was cut at one end ; and when a
needleful was required, it was drawn
through the paper from the uncut end.
As old letters were frequently used for
the purpose, it is easy to see how one's letter
was put among the thread-papers.
S. S. M'DowALL.
[MR. TOM JONES and MB. W. NORMAN also
thanked for replies.]
BENJAMIN BATHURST (11 S. iii. 46).
The best account of the " disappearance " of
this diplomat with which I am acquainted
is in the first series of Mr. Baring-Gould's
' Historic Oddities and Strange Events '
(1889). The article originally appeared in
The Cornhill Magazine, vol. Iv. p. 279 et seq.
The skeleton described in The Observer
is not the first skeleton which has been
suggested to be the remains of Bathurst.
W. P. COURTNEY.
The Morning Post gave a special account
of the finding of the supposed skeleton of
Benjamin Bathurst at Perleberg, the first two
articles, written by their Berlin corre-
spondent, appearing in the issues of 13 and
14 December last, and on the 16th there was
a further article entitled ' The Mystery of
Perleberg.' The connexion of the paper
with the Bathurst family suggests that the
ii s. in. FEB. 4, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
articles were written with special knowledge
of the circumstances attending the dis-
appearance of Benjamin Bathurst.
ROLAND AUSTIN.
Public Library, Gloucester.
The Morning Post of 13 December, 1910,
had at p. 7 two columns on this subject.
This article was followed up in succeeding
issues, including one on the 16th. The issue
for the 24th contained a long and very
important letter from the great-niece of the
diplomatist, signed Katharine Bathurst, and
dated 20 December from 10, Bloomfield
Terrace. This letter occupies over two
columns. There is also another short letter
from a niece by marriage of the Hon.
Algernon Percy, the fianct of one of Benjamin
Bathurst's daughters, signed Emmeline
Drummond, and dated 23 December from
Bardon Hill, Leicester.
As the skeleton to which L. L. K. alludes
was smashed into fragments before the
authorities came on the scene, it is unlikely
that its discovery will throw any light on the
old mystery. JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.
[W. H. B. B. also thanked for reply.]
FIFIELD ALLEN, ARCHDEACON OF MIDDLE-
SEX (US. ii. 449, 517). In his will, dated
19 November, 1756, Dr. Allen mentions his
wife by name as Frances, she being then
alive ; therefore he must have been twice
married not once merely, as would be
inferred from my communication at the
second reference. WILLIAM MCMTJRRAY.
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (11 S. iii.
28). Thackeray contributed ' Jeames's
Diary ' to Punch from 16 August, 1845 ;
and the last instalment appeared on
31 January, 1846. In this it is stated that
Jeames de la Pluche had only one thing in
life to complain of that a witless version
of his adventures had been produced at
the Princess's Theatre, "without your
leaf, or by your leaf." I have hitherto
failed to trace the date and particulars of
this production. Can any one assist me ?
S. J. A. F.
THACKERAY'S LAST WORDS (11 S. iii. 47).
Dickens (see " National Edition " of his
works, vol. xxxiv. p. 453) wrote an ' In
Memoriam : W. M. Thackeray ' in The
Cornhill Magazine of February, 1864. In
this paper he speaks of going over " all that
he had written of his latest and last story,"
and the next paragraph begins :
"The last line he wrote, and the last propt he
corrected, are among the papers through which I
have so sorrowfully made my way. The condition of
the little pages of manuscript where Death stopped
his hand, shows that he had carried them about and
often taken them out of his pocket here and there,
for patient revision and interlineation. The last
words he corrected in print, were, * And my heart
throbbed with an exquisite bliss.' "
NEL MEZZO.
Thackeray was found dead on the morning
of 24 December, 1863, not that of Christmas
Day. A. N. Q.
MATTHEW PRIOR'S BIRTHPLACE (11 S.
iii. 47). In 'The Life of Matthew Prior,'
prefacing his ' Poetical Works,' printed for
and under the direction of G. Cawthorn,
British Library, Strand, 1797, it is stated
that the poet was the son of Mr. George Prior,
joiner and citizen of London, where he was
born 21 July, 1664.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
The following reference to a Matthew Prior
is given for what it is worth. John Fawconer
of Kingsclere, Hants, Esq., refers in his will
(P.C.C. 708 Wootton), dated 21 June, 1658,
to " Matthew Prior and his wife." Places
mentioned in the will are Thatcham, Berks,
Winchester, and Salisbury. F. S. SNELL.
The admirable and fully annotated edition
of Johnson's ' Lives of the Poets ' by Dr.
Birkbeck Hill (Clarendon Press, 1905) might
be consulted with advantage. See vol. ii.
p. 180. NEL MEZZO.
[MR. M. L. R. BBESLAR also thanked for reply.]
WILLIAM FITZGERALD, BISHOP OF CLON-
FERT (11 S. ii. 489; iii. 53). He was the
elder son of John FitzGerald, Dean of
Cork (1628), by Catherine, 6th dau. of
Richard Boyle, Archbishop of Tuam (1638-
1644) ; was born in Cork in 1641, educated
there under Mr. Bate, and matriculated at
Trin. Coll, Dublin, 22 June, 1660, aged 19.
His degrees are not recorded. He was
appointed Dean of Cloyne 13 June, 1671 ;
Archdeacon of Ross 24 Nov., 1675 ; and
Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh 1 July,
1691, being consecrated in Christ Church
Cathedral, Dublin, 26 July following. He
m. 1st, in July, 1684, Letitia, 2nd dau. of
Sir John Cole, 1st Bt., of Newlands, co.
Dublin ; and 2ndly Salisbury, 2nd dau.
of Sir Thomas Taylor, 1st Bt., of Kells, co.
Meath ; but left no issue. He d. 7 Aug.,
1722. His widow m. 2ndly General James
Crofts, and d. at Bath 5 Jan., 1724.
G. D. B.
92
NOTES AND QUERIES. in s. ra. FEB. 4, 1911.
ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US.
iii. 48). The authorship of
The kiss of the sun for pardon
was mentioned in The Spectator of 14
January. It was ascribed to D. F. Gurney.
R. B.
Upton.
CANONS, MIDDLESEX : " ESSEX " AS
CHRISTIAN NAME (US. ii. 328, 374, 394, 437,
534). Sir Thomas Lake (1567 ? 1630),
Secretary of State and elder brother of
Arthur Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells,
purchased the estate of Canons in 1604. His
third son, Lancelot (d. 1646), left a son
Lancelot, who was M.P. for Middlesex in the
Convention of 1660 and in the Parliament of
1661, was knighted at Whitehall on 6 June,
1660, and died in 1680. Sir Lancelot had
two sons, Thomas and Warwick.
The elder son, Thomas, who was knighted
on 4 December, 1670, married Rebecca,
daughter of Sir John Langham of Cotes-
brooke, and had a daughter Mary, first wife
of James Brydges, first Duke of Chandos,
to whom the estate of Canons ultimately
passed.
The younger son Warwick Lake, married
the heiress of Sir Thomas Gerard, Bt., of
Flambards, Harrow-on-the-Hill, and was
father of Launcelot Charles Lake, and grand-
father of Gerard Lake, first Viscount Lake
of Delhi and Leswarree, general.
Sir Gilbert Gerard, Attorney - General,
and ten members of his family ; Warwick
and Launcelot Charles Lake ; and both
the Dukes of Chandos, were, at various
periods, governors of Harrow School.
The singular topographical Christian name
of Essex may possibly be a surname used
as a Christian name. There are five
instances in the ' D.N.B.' of Essex as a
surname. But a brother of Essex, Lady
Drax, was named Warwick Lake. Whom
did Sir Lancelot marry ?
Thomas Hussey of Edmundsham, Dorset,
who died in 1684, aged 54,' married Phila-
delphia, daughter of Essex Pawlet, Esq.,
by Frances, daughter of Sir Nathaniel
Napier or Napper. Here Essex is a man's
Christian name. I shall be much obliged
if any of your readers can tell me what
relation this Essex Pawlet was to that
truculent Cavalier Sir John Poulett or
Pawlet, first Baron Poulett (15861649).
I believe they were akin.
A. R. BAYLEY.
Some years ago an officer in a regiment
of Kent Volunteers had Essex for a Christian
name possibly a survival of the old custom
of a son having the surname of the mother
for a Christian name.
There was a family named Essex seated at
Lambourne, Berks, which claimed pre-
Norman descent from a family in the county
of Essex (Ashmole, ' Berks,' ii. 237). There
is a pedigree of a London family so called in
Harl. Soc. Pub., i. 81. A. RHODES.
Lady Lettice Lake (mother of Sir Launce-
lot Lake) was a Rich of Essex, and in that
family Essex was used as a feminine Christian
name. The third daughter of Robert Rich,
3rd Earl of Warwick, was christened Essex,
I think in memory of her rather notorious
great-grandmother Penelope (sister of the
Earl of Essex), who married Robert, 3rd
Baron Rich, and afterwards 1st Earl of
Warwick ; but see ' Mary Rich, Countess of
Warwick, 1625-1678,' by Miss Charlotte
Fell-Smith. A. T. W.
Essex as a Christian name is not very
rare ; it occurs, for instance, in the family
of Selby Lowndes, and, I think, also in that
of Knightley. OLD SABUM.
"ENNOMIC" (11 S. iii. 9). A "deed
ennomic " is a legal instrument, the adjec-
tive being derived from li/vo/xo?, lawful,
legal. N. W. HILL.
[MB, W. SCOTT makes the same suggestion, and
refers to Liddell and Scott.]
CORPSE BLEEDING IN PRESENCE OF THE
MURDERER (US. ii. 328, 390, 498 ; iii. 35).
The Hertfordshire story referred to by MR.
GERISH (US. ii. 390) is to be found in ' The
Wonders of the Universe ; or, Curiosities of
Nature and Art,' 1824, otherwise called ' The
New Wonderful and Entertaining Magazine,'
p. 599. The account is said to have been
found in the papers of Sir John Maynard,
one of the Lords Commissioners of the Great
Seal of England. The murdered woman is
there called Johan Norkett, wife of Arthur
Norkett. According to this account, May-
nard wrote the evidence as he heard it given
at the bar of the King's Bench before Sir
Nicholas Hyde, Chief Justice.
The first verdict of the coroner's jury was
" felo de se," but when it " was not yet
drawn into form " they changed their minds,
and requested the coroner to have the body
taken out of the grave. Then they changed
their verdict. There was a trial at Hertford
Assizes, resulting in a verdict of acquittal.
The child of the murdered woman appealed
against his father, grandmother, and aunt,
and her husband Okerman. Evidence was
us. in. FEB. 4. mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
given by "an ancient and grave person,
minister of the parish where the murder was
committed."
He swore that when the body had been
taken out of the grave and laid upon the
grass thirty days after death, the four
defendants were required to touch the body.
" Okerman's wife fell upon her knees, and
prayed God to show tokens of her innocence, or
to some such purpose her very words I [i.e.
Maynard] have forgot. The appellees did touch the
body, whereupon the brow of the dead, which
before was a livid and carrion colour, (that was
the verbal expression iriterminis of the witness,)
began to have a dew or gentle sweat arise upon
it, which increased by degrees till the sweat ran
down in drops upon the face, the brow turned and
changed to a lively and fresh colour, and the dead
opened one of her eyes and shut it again, and this
rning the eye was done three several times ;
likewise thrust out the ring or marriage finger
three several times, and pulled it in again, and
the finger dropped blood on the grass."
Sir Nicholas Hyde appeared to doubt this
evidence. But the evidence given by the
ancient and grave minister was confirmed
by his brother, " minister of the parish
adjacent," " viz. the sweating of the brow,
changing of its colour, opening of the eye,
and the thrice motion of the finger, and
drawing it in again." Presumably the
bleeding was included, as the confirmation
was " in every point." " The first witness
added, that ' he himself dipped his finger
in the blood which came from the dead
body, to examine it,' and he swore he believed
it was blood."
There was some circumstantial evidence
against the grandmother of the child and the
two Okermans. All excepting Okerman
were found guilty. The grandmother and
the father (husband of the dead woman)
were executed. Mrs. Okerman was spared,
being with child. Maynard adds that he
inquired whether the other two confessed
anything at their execution, but they did not,
as he was told. The case happened in the
fourth year of Charles I., i.e., 27 March, 1628,
to 26 March, 1629.
In The. Gentleman's Magazine, 1796,
part ii. p. 636, among many questions is this :
" What grounds are there to imagine that
the wounds of a murdered person will bleed
on being touched by the murderer ? "
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
SPEAKER'S CHAIR OF THE OLD HOUSE OF
COMMONS (US. ii. 128, 177, 218, 331 ; iii.
50). The communication from the Librarian
of the Parliament of the Commonwealth,
Melbourne, adds increased interest to the
subject under consideration ; yet it does not
prove that the Melbourne chair is the old
chair used in the House of Commons
previous to the fire of 1834. Viscount
Canterbury presented the Melbourne chair
39 years after the destruction of the Houses
of Parliament, and 34 years after the Duke
of Sussex had visited Sunderland, when he
sat in the old chair " which was formerly
the Speaker's Chair of the old House of
Commons, preserved from the fire which
destroyed the two Houses of Parliament in
1834." The evidence I have given in my
previous communications to * N. & Q.' is
associated with the actual individual workers
of the period : the Duke of Sussex, uncle to
Queen Victoria ; the Earl of Durham, one of
the chief promoters of the Reform Bill of
1832 ; and Sir Cuthbert Sharp, historian
and antiquary, also a high official under the
Crown. Surely such public reports of this
visit to Sunderland as I have reproduced
would not have been allowed to go un-
challenged by such influential personages
had they not been correct, especially as
they were given only five years after the
destruction of the House of Commons, when
the investigations by .the Lords of the
Council as to the cause of the fire would be
fresh in the minds of the public.
It does not follow, however, that Viscount
Canterbury, son of the Speaker of the House
of Commons, did not present, in 1873, the
Speaker's Chair of the temporary House of
Commons, used from the time of the fire in
1834 until 4 November, 1852, when the
Commons assembled for the[first time in their
new House. There would at that time be
two Speaker's Chairs : the old one rescued
from the fire, and the one used in the
temporary building. It is reasonable to
suppose that Viscount Canterbury would
secure the more modern chair when he
decided to make a present to the Common-
wealth, for it has great historic interest.
I have written to MR. WADSWORTH, asking
him to favour me with a copy of his lordship's
letter when he made the presentation
for the inscription on the chair would be by
another hand. From this we shall be better
a,ble to judge of the history of the chair his
lordship sent to Melbourne, and it will be a
valuable addition to the history of our
English Parliament. A photograph of the
Melbourne chair will enable us to compare
the two chairs, and allow them to be
examined by experts in old workmanship
and designs.
One good result of this investigation has
been the discovery that two valuable relics
of our national Parliament have been
preserved. JOHN ROBINSON.
Delaval House, Sunderland.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
By a slip, MB. WADSWOKTH, in his interest-
ing and informing communication, says it
-was the second Viscount Canterbury who
"was once Governor of Victoria. It was
John Henry Thomas, the third, his elder
brother, Charles John, second Viscount,
having died unmarried in 1869, and he him-
self passing away eight years later.
POLITICIAN.
COUNT OP THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
<11 S. ii. 509; iii. 54). Surely the Pope
claims and exercises the power of creating
Counts of the Holy Roman Empire. I
know one created by Pio Nono.
R. W. P.
Miss PASTBANA (11 S. ii. 29). In * Relic-
ta,' the volume published shortly before his
death by Mr. Arthur Munby, the first poem
is entitled . ' Pastrana.' It opens with a
description of the striking proceedings of a
large baboon, which the observer notes in a
suburban garden of a Continental city.
Presently, in the dining saloon of his hotel,
his attention is arrested by the appearance
of a fashionably dressed lady of singular
aspect, who partakes copiously of the viands
provided, and does not otherwise materially
differ from the dining crowd. She sits out
all except the narrator, who finds himself
fascinated by her presence and held spell-
bound by her gaze. At length a man with a
net, energetically supported by the waiters,
secures the festive personage, who proves to
be none other than the strange monkey of
the suburban pleasure-ground. Respond-
ing to a request for information on his theme,
Mr. Munby wrote : " ' Pastrana ' is partly
based on fact. I saw her, and told Charles
Darwin about her." THOMAS BAYNE.
If one may infer plurality of persons from
diversity of accounts, there must have been
several Miss Pastranas during last century.
Writing before 1864, Chambers (' Book of
Days,' ii. 255) speaks of. an unfortunate
creature, Julia Pastrana by name, who
"a few years ago " was exhibited in London.
She was sometimes popularly known as
" the pig-faced lady," but Chambers
describes the lower part of her face as
more resembling a dog than a pig. A
Spanish-American by birth, she was ex-
hibited (nothing is said about dancing) in
this country for a time, and then on the
Continent, where she died. Her embalmed
remains were subsequently exposed to the
gaze of the curious at a_charge of so much
per head.
Somewhere I have read (probably in some
modern chap-book) that Julia Pastrana
possessed a body exquisitely formed, but
surmounted by a face of grotesque and
hideous ugliness. As this does not
apparently agree with L. L. K.'s recollection
of her, it is probable that many similar
printed accounts are highly exaggerated.
SCOTUS.
I have in my scrapbook a portrait of Julia
Pastrana. The sheet is 18 inches by
12 inches, the figure on it 9 inches. At
the top is
Julia Pastrana
As she now appears
embalmed.
On each side is
Burlington Gallery
191 Piccadilly.
At the bottom is
The above is a correct portraiture of this most
marvellous specimen of modern embalming.
Open daily from HA.M. to 9 P.M.
Admission one shilling.
The figure is very well done, and exactly
as I remember seeing it in, I think, 1860 or
1861. H. A. ST. J. M.
" BOLTON FFAIBE GBOATES " (11 S. ii.
467). There is not enough information put
forward to enable a satisfactory reply to be
given. The groats may be certain fees
paid at the fair time, or tolls, to some one
claiming them. The vicar of a riverside
parish claimed "chaplain's groats" from the
King's ships lying in the Thames (' States
Papers Dom., Chas. II.,' vol. 283, 27). Does
the date of the payment coincide with the
date of Bolton Fair ? A. RHODES.
CANOVA'S BUSTS OF MABS AND MINEBVA
(11 S. ii. 528). In Melchior Missirini's work
entitled ' Delia Vita di Antonio Canova
Libri Quattro,' 3rd ed., Milano, 1825, there
is no mention of any such busts having been
executed by this famous sculptor At the
end of the volume a ' Chronological Cata-
logue ' is given of his acknowledged works,
which begins in 1772, and is continued till
the year of his death, 1822. This list was
put together for the most part during his
lifetime because he did not wish to have
any works attributed to him which were not
his own : " e non fosse indotta in errore la
posterita su falsi supposti, resi autorevoli
dal suo silenzio " (p 470). One may there-
fore conclude that these " colossal marble
busts of Mars and Minerva .... hidden away
in a country house long before Canova same
to fame," are either not his work or that he
n s. in. ^EB. i, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
95
did not choose to acknowledge them. We
learn, however, from the ' Catalogue ' that
in 1790 he sculptured an * Amorino ' on
commission for an Irish gentleman namec
La Touche (p. 472). JOHN T. CUBBY.
Busts of Mars and Minerva by Canova are
I believe, entirely unknown. If MABS
wishes to compare other sculptured figures
with the busts he names, he might examine
the various groups of the Elgin Marbles a1
the British Museum. Perhaps even a visit
to the gallery of statuary at the Roya
Institution, Edinburgh, and an examination
of the various gods and goddesses represented
there, might be worth the trouble taken.
SCOTUS.
COBN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST
MILLER (11 S. ii. 508; iii. 12, 57). Millers
are evidently suspected in many lands.
When, a number of years ago, I made several
trips on the Danube, I was always amused
at the way in which the Slovak raftsmen
provoked the young Magyar millers on
the floating mills they passed. The chal-
lengers' were as a rule the millers, who would
greet the raftsmen with a derisive " Jano
Kuk" or "Upr6 Jano," in themselves quite
innocent calls, but evidently with a tale
hanging thereby ; whereupon John would
make a gesture imitating the millers pocket-
ing their customers' corn. This was always
considered a casus belli. L. L. K.
A phrase in MB. RATCLIFFE'S reply at the
last reference recalls to my memory that in
the late seventies a village school-feast
game (of the drop-the-handkerchief order)
used to be accompanied in East Notts with
the following rime :
There was a jolly miller, and he lived by himself,
And the mill went round, and he earned his pelf :
One hand on the hopper, and the other in the bag,
And the mill went round, and he earned his swag.
I cannot remember that there was any more
of it, but perhaps some one else oan.
H. K. ST. J. S.
[There is but the one verse, we believe. When
children use it, the last words are generally
changed to "he made his grab," the principal
feature of the game being that the child in the
centre has to try to " grab " the arm of one of
the children in the ring when they are changing
partners at the end of the verse.]
SMITHS OF PABNDON, HEBTFOBDSHIBE
(11 S. ii. 427). William Smith, a London
merchant, residing at Parndon House, near
Harlow, Essex, represented Sudbury in
1796. In 1802 he was returned for Norwich,
but was defeated in 1806. He regained the
seat, however, the following year, and was
still acting as its representative in 1814.
His town address was 5, Park Street, West-
minster. In 1818 his daughter Frances
married William Edward Shore (born 1794,
died 1874), who assumed the name of Nightin-
gale under the will of his grand-uncle
Peter Nightingale.
William Smith of Parndon had other
children. One of these, Benjamin, repre-
sented Norwich in Parliament 1838-47, and
died in 1860. Another, Samuel, younger
brother of Benjamin, resided at Embley,
Hants, formerly the abode of the Nightin-
gales. I am not aware of any pedigree of
the Smiths of Parndon. W. S. S.
REV. SEBASTIAN PITFIELD'S GHOST (11 S.
ii. 367, 510). Mr. Caswell's letter to Dr.
Bent-ley, H[art] Hfall, Oxford], 15 Dec.,
1695, with Mr. Wilkins's account of the
apparition, Oxon., 11 Dec., 1695, from the
Trin. Coll. Camb. Collection, will be found
in Bentley's ' Correspondence,' 1842, vol. i.
pp. 103-9. R. H. EDLESTON, F.S.A.
Gainford.
CHUBCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TUBBET
(11 S. iii. 10). In many respects the small
church at Newington, near Folkestone,
answers to the description given by W. B. H.
I am aware that lately this quaint old
turret was threatened with improvements.
HABOLD MALET, Col.
Churches with detached bell-towers and
I presume that by this is meant gabled or
turret bells occur at Spalding, Fleet,
Berkeley, Torrington, Pembridge, Bosbury,
Richard's Castle, Ledbury and Yarpole,
Beccles, Walton, Woburn, Mylor, Brynnlys,
Hennlan, Llangyfelach, Gunwalloe, East
Dereham, Marston - Morteyne, Lap worth,
Elstow, Magdalen and New Colleges (Oxford),
Dunblane, and Kilkenny. At Talland, says
Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, a covered way con-
nects it with the church (see Walcott's
' Sacred Archaeology,' 1868, p. 217).
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
' THE FLYING DUTCHMAN '(US. iii. 48).
The Flying Dutchman and other Poems,'
was published in 1881, E. M. [? Ellen Mary]
Clerke being the author. Part II. of the
m, ' The Curse,' appeared in ' Women's
Voices,' edited by Mrs. William Sharp, 1887,
>p. 350-56. The tale is the old legend of
V"anderdecken the Dutchman, compelled to
ail the seas till the day of doom. In Part
I. the metre does not correspond with the
verse quoted in the query, but probably
96
NOTES AND QUERIES. 111 s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
Miss Clerke did not adhere to the same
measure throughout the poem. The last
stanza given in ' Women's Voices ' is as
follows :
A wraith along the deep she goes,
Till nearing swift and pale,
Upon the fated wreck she throws
The shadow of her sail.
And through the storm with hollow chime
A spectral hail they hear,
" How goes the world ? Methinks 'twere time
That Doomsday should appear ! "
W. S. S.
SPIDER'S WEB AND FEVER (US. ii. 109,
194). The spider was efficacious as a cure
not only for whooping cough, but also for
ague. I have in my library a well-marked
book which Dr. Johnson said made him get
out of bed earlier than usual to read. It
has not had that effect upon me, but it has
caused me to sit up later than usual to read
a portion. Needless to say, I refer to
Burton's ' Anatomy of Melancholy.' The
author is dealing with amulets :
" A ring, made of the hoofe of an asses right
forefoot, carried about, &e., I say with Renodeus,
they are not altogether to be rejected. Piony
doth cure epilepsie; pretious stones most
diseases ; a wolfs dung, born with one, helps the
colick ; a spider an ague, &c. Being in the
country in the vacation time not many years
since, at Lindly in Leicestershire, my fathers
house, I first observed this amulet of a spider in a
nut-shell lapped in silke, &c., so applied for an
ague by my mother : whom although I knew to
have excellent skill in chirurgery, sore eyes,
aches, &c. and such experimental medicines, as all
the country where she dwelt can witness, to have
done many famous and good cures upon divers
poor folks, that were otherwise destitute of help
yet, among all other experiments, this, me-
thought, was most absurd and ridiculous : I could
see no warrant for it. Quid aranecK cum febre?
For what antipathy? till at length, rambling
amongst authors (as often I do), I found this very
medicine in Dioscorides, approved by Matthiolus,
repeated by Aldrovandus, cap. de Araned, lib. dc
inserhs. I began to have a better opinion of it,
and to give more credit to amulets, when I saw
it m some parties answer to experience."
Part. 2, sec. 5, mem. 1, sub. 5.
I am quoting from p. 459 of the seven-
teenth edition, which is not in the British
Museum Library, but seems only a large -
paper copy of the sixteenth. A. RHODES.
CORONER OF THE VERGE (11 S. iii. 30).
The verge or virge (virgata) was the compass
ot the King's Court, comprehending a circuit
oi 12 miles round the residence of the King's
Courts (13 Ric. II. c. 3). Ancientlv at
Common Law the Coroner of the Verge" had
an exempt jurisdiction within the verge, to
the exclusion of the county coroner (4 Rep.
But owing to the King's Court being
3, great delay and failure of justice
46 b.).
movable,
often arose, and many felonies committed
within the verge remained unpunished. The
statute Articuli super Cartas (28 Edw. I.
c. 3) was therefore passed. It provided
that the county coroner should be associated
with the Coroner of the Verge. By
33 Hen. VIII. c. 12 deaths within the
precincts of the King's palace were to be
inquired into by the Coroner of the King's
Household alone ; while those without the
precincts, but within the verge, were to be
held, as before, by the two coroners. By the
Coroners Act, 1887 (50 and 51 Viet. c. 71,
sch. 3), repealing 28 Edw. I. c. 3, the jurisdic-
tion of the verge is entirely abolished, and
becomes absorbed in that of the county
coroner, while the precincts of the palace
remain as before. Sec. 29 provides for the
appointment of the Coroner of the King's
Household by the Lord Steward, his jurisdic-
tion, and the procedure of his courts in nine
elaborate subsections.
WYNNE E. BAXTER.
For information concerning the Coroner
of the Verge Britton may be consulted
(vol. i. p. 4 of Mr. F. M. Nichols's edition) ;
as also the Introductions to vols. ix. and
xxiv. of ' the publications of the Selden
Society. The office still survives, and J. R.
Mellor, Esq., the Senior Master of the
Supreme Court, is the present incumbent.
W. C. BOLLAND.
Lincoln's Inn.
Bacon wrote a paper on this subject,
printed (if I remember rightly) in a posthum-
ous collection entitled ' Resuscitatio.'
W. C. B.
Helpful N. Bailey supplies :
" Verge (of the Court), the compass or extent of
the King's Court, formerly of twelve miles extent
within the jurisdiction of the Lord High Steward
of the King's Houshold, called so from the Verge
or staff which the Marshal bears."
In Saxon times the privilege of the King's
palace extended from its gate to the distance
of 3 miles, 3 fur longs 3 acres 9 feet, 9 palms,
and 9 barleycorns (Thoms's 'Book of the
Court,' p. 302 n., citing Blackstone's * Com-
mentaries,' Book III. c. 6, s. iv.).
ST. SWITHIN.
CLUB ETRANGER AT HANOVER SQUARE
(11 S. ii. 407, 477). MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS
is, no doubt, correct in connecting " La Salle
du Festino " with the Queen's Concert,
or (as they were more familiarly known) the
Hanover Square, Rooms, so famous for
us. m. FEB. 4, Ian.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
assemblies, concerts, readings, and lectures
(see 9 S. v. 354). My impression is that the
name " Cercle des Etrangers," to which
MR. ABRAHAMS refers, was at one time
linked with that of the St. George's Club
which occupied the premises until they were
razed for the erection of the inevitable pile
of flats. The historic " room " became the
dining-room of the Club, and its dis-
appearance was regretted by many because
of past memories. Some fine mural orna-
mentations vanished also, nobody appears to
know whither. CECIL CLARKE.
Junior Athenaeum Club.
"CARENT" (11 S. iii. 9). I would
venture to suggest that the word " carent "
falls into the category of legal macaronics.
It is simply equivalent to the word " rent."
The third person plural of the Latin verb
careo, " I want," it applies equally to the
position of landlord or of tenant. " Rent "
is what tenants frequently want, or are
destitute of. It is also what landlords some-
times anxiously inquire after, but are
destined not to receive. Hence " carent "-
moneys which they want, but which are not
forthcoming. SCOTUS.
SONGS OF THE PEASANTRY (11 S. iii. 47)
Is MR. GRAHAM acquainted with * Songs and
Ballads of the West ' ? There are one
hundred and ten of them, collected by the
Rev. S. Baring-Gould and the Rev. H. Fleet-
wood Sheppard from old people living on and
around Dartmoor, and set by them to music.
Probably the best known of the ballads is
* Widdecombe Fair.' So far as Devon-
shire is concerned, there is no other collection
equal to this. A. J. DAVY.
Torquay.
INSCRIPTIONS IN CHURCHES AND CHURCH-
YARDS (11 S. ii. 389, 453, 492, 537 ; iii. 57).
During the greater part of 1893 my spare
time was spent in Woolwich Churchyard
copying the inscriptions on the gravestones
before their removal so that the old grave-
yard might be turned into a public garden,
which was eventually done. I had the
countenance, and to some extent the help,
of the late Dr. Howard (Maltravers Herald)
and Mr. Leland Duncan. There were 1,255
numbered gravestones, some of which were
fully inscribed on both sides. The work
proceeded slowly, and at the end of the
year I had transcribed the inscriptions on
922 stones ; and as the work of removing
them began early in the following year,
my task came to an untimely end. Mr. F. A.
Crisp of Denmark Hill was the originator
i one presumably a stonemason,
'tainly a wag added the following
of the design of preserving the inscriptions,
and to him I handed my unfinished work.
I believe it was his intention to publish the
names among his " Fragmenta," but I do
not know if this was done.
It is fortunate that so many inscriptions
have been preserved, as during the work of
removal, although great care was taken,
many stones were, I know, destroyed. The
legible dates ranged from 1700 to 1855.
I have preserved a copy of the schedule
of names and dates prepared by the legal
authorities before the removal, as well as a
copy of their plan showing the relative
position of each of the 1,255 graves.
One of my discoveries was a forgotten
" comic " headstone which had been a source
of great annoyance to the then Rector
(Greenlaw). It held an inscription to
Emmanuel Shipper, who died in 1842, and
after his name and date was cut the following
distich :
As I am now so will you be,
Therefore prepare to follow me.
Some one i
and cert
lines :
To'follow you I 'm not intent
Till first I know which way you went.
WM. NORMAN.
Plums tead.
WILLIAM JOSEPH LOCKWOOD (11 S. iii. 29).
It was William Lockwood the father, not
William Joseph Lockwood the son, who,
according to Burke's ' Landed Gentry,' was
" shot blind at Westminster School in a
battle against the mob." See 1858 edition,
p. 1349. William Joseph Lockwood, who
was Verderer of Epping Forest and a captain
in the Coldstream Guards, died in 1854.
W. SCOTT.
THE THREE WISHES (11 S. ii. 506). This
story is also told in Brittany. It will be
found in Mrs. E. W. Rinder's ' The Shadow
of Arvor,' under the title of ' Devil-may-
Care.' The hero is a blacksmith who
had formerly been a soldier. St. Peter,
as in the version recorded by MR. NICHOL-
SON, accompanies the Lord. H. I. B.
KNOTS IN HANDKERCHIEFS : INDIAN
CUSTOM (US. ii. 506 ; iii. 35). At 4 S. xi.
53 I showed that the custom is alluded to in
' The Ancren Riwle,' p. 396, i.e., it is as old
as A.D. 1225 in England. This was reprinted
in my ' Student's Pastime,' p. 73.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
98
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. m. FEB. 4, IQIL
BLACKSTONE'S ' COMMENTARIES,' FIRST
EDITION (10 S. xii. 385). I think that MR.
W. R. B. PRIDEATJX will find some altera-
tion in the treatment of the ^ copyright
question, as to which Blackstone's opinion
was confirmed by the Courts. Q. V.
WHYTEHEER OR WHYTEBEER (US. ii. 228,
318, 378, 511). The ' N.E.D.' has not yet
reached W, but under " taw," ix. 117, col. 3,
it quotes " Whittawer " of the date 1474.
W. C. B.
on
The Oxford English Dictionary. Sauce-alone
Scouring (Vol. VIII.). Edited by Henry
Bradley. TTealf. (Vol. IX.) Edited by
Sir James A. H. Murray. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.)
THE ' NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY ' has made
such steady and continuous advance as to put a
heavy tax on the time of the conscientious re-
viewer who studies every page of it with care.
There should, however, be no fear of ' N. & Q.'
being indifferent to the progress of a splendid
work to which it is continually devoting the
research of its contributors. Last July ' Sauce-
alone Scouring ' (Vol VIII.) appeared, edited
by Mr. Henry Bradley ; and last October ' T
Tealt ' (Vol. IX.), under Sir James Murray's care.
These two parts show the admirable skill and
patient research which make the ' Dictionary '
a delight to all serious students of English. The
elaborate analysis of the various senses of a word
will not strike the ordinary reader, perhaps, so
much as other features of the scheme ; but all
experts in language must recognize the great
success attained in this, possibly the most difficult
part of lexicography. Johnson's definitions are
occasionally utilized as a beginning, but a minute
and careful separation of senses follows which
must have been the outcome of much time and
thought.
Foreign and dialectic words are freely included
in the scheme, which also extends to words now
current only outside England.
Nothing is more difficult than to guess at the
length of time during which any word has been
used, and the ' Dictionary ' by its wealth of dated
examples has in this respect sa long outstripped
all competitors that it is not necessary to quote
the statistics provided at the beginning of each
section.
The mere fact that a whole section is needed for
"sauce-alone" to "scouring" shows the ex-
tended scale on which the ' Dictionary ' is planned.
Dr. Bradley has no common words to deal with
which need treating at great length, " say "
occupying the most room. The literature of
learning is, however, well exhibited in " science,"
and " school " with its many cognates. The
colloquial " saucebox," of persons, goes back as
far as 1588. It is pointed out that " sauciness "
and " saucy " have grown milder in their mean-
ing of late years. That specially German condi-
ment, " Sauerkraut, "^hasVon its way into English,
and is followed by " saufey," " saught," and
" saulee " terms obscure to the ordinary reader
and now obsolete. "Saunter" is described as
of obscure origin, and the derivation suggesting
" to venture oneself," is regarded as " phono-
logically inadmissible." The number of spellings
given for " sausage " is remarkable, and still more
its actual varieties, which are said to exceed 150.
We are glad to find Dickens quoted more than
once for the word and its derivatives. The same
page gives us words so different as " savant " and
" savate." " Save " is a capital instance of
idioms well differentiated. "Saw" includes
several special combinations from the United
States. Under " sawyer " is a third section
marked " U.S." ; but the last quotation given
therein explains " snags " and " sawyers," which
occur in combination in Dickens.
" Say-so "=mere word or dictum, is an effect-
ive piece of English which is current now only in
America, and might be revived, as " ipse dixit "
has taken its place here. We believe that in the
law " scaffolding " implies the presence of a rope.
There are two important words with the same
spelling " scale." " Scamper " is of uncertain
origin, but " not improbably the word was origin-
ally military slang " of foreign origin, we hasten
to add. Pope's " presume not God to scan "
suggests to us the addition of a further verse
quotation, Burns's
Then gently scan your brother man ;
Still gentler, sister woman,
in the ' Address to the Unco Guid.' " Scapegoat'*
was " apparently, invented by Tindal (1530) "
for use in Leviticus xvi. ; but we learn that it has
been turned out of the Revised Version, which .
has " Azazel " instead. A " Scarborough warn-
ing " =very short notice, or none at all, occurs
as early as 1546. " Scavenger " is altered from
" scavager " with intrusive n, as in '* passenger "
and " messenger " ; the instrument of torture called
the "Scavenger's daughter " presents, however, a
perverted form of the inventor's name, Skeffing-
ton. Of " scenery " of the open-air kind there is,
as might be expected, no quotation before the
seventeenth century was well advanced. In
Johnson's days people preferred, we think, to
talk of a " prospect." " Sceptred " offers a good
display of that poetical quotation which the
' Dictionary ' seems sometimes unduly to despise,
for examples are provided from Shakspeare,
Milton, Gray, Landor, and Byron. The heading
" sch " has some Important hints as to pronuncia-
tion. "Schiedam" and "schnapps" are both
allied forms of drink. The slight specialization
of meaning which "scholar" and "scholar-
ship " have acquired is well treated* It would,
however, be easy to add to the quotations from
books, which we prefer to journalism or Acts of
Parliament. Special attention is directed to the
word " scientific," of which the true history is
now traced for the first time to a rendering of the
word tirivT-fifni in Aristotle.
We end our notice of this part with two words
of University usage. " Scio " was the formal
testimony once given at Oxford to the fitness of a
candidate for a degree. "Sconce" is a Uni-
versity fine which is illustrated from our own
columns in 1885. In its humorous form it has r
we believe, been inflicted on dons as well as under-
graduates, though the latter only are mentioned!
1 in sense b.
ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Beginning with T, we find some odd phrases in
which it figures, as the " T bean ' ' of the seventeenth
century, grown or cut in the form of that letter ;
the " T cart," an open phaeton ; and various
examples of the phenomenon which has given us
" Tandry " and the more familiar " tawdry."
That simple things are not always easy to define
is shown by " tab," which is "A short broad strap,
flat loop, or the like, attached by one end to an
object, or forming a short projecting part by which
a thing can be taken hold of, hung up, fastened,
or pulled." The word is, we learn, not in John-
son, and still largely dialectic. The third sense of
" tabard," the official dress of heralds, was fre-
quently in the papers during the announcement of
King George's accession to the throne ; but the
' Dictionary ' does not pretend to include the most
modern references, and we might have done
without the example from journalism (1903) of
" tabard-fashion." The list of newspapers that
really show some censorship over the wild and
inaccurate English of their contributors is so
small that we should pause before admitting
several usages here recorded, and in other cases
prefer, as we have said more than once, easily
accessible quotations from books, which at least
have a chance of being decently " read " before
being submitted to the public. "Tabby" and
" tabby-cat " are curious in their origin. The
sense of striped silk is named from a quarter of
Bagdad, but that of " old maid " is earlier than
the sense of " cat," and may be derived from
Tabitha. " Taberdar " for a senior scholar of
Queen's College, Oxford, is first noted in 1566.
Among the many senses of " tabernacle " is an
" alleged term for a company of bakers," as to
which Mr. John Hodgkin has noted in his learned
and amusing book on ' Proper Terms ' (p. 162) that
the " tabernacula " in question may be " little
shops made of boords."
" Table " is a long article, admirably arranged
The commonest use of the word lacks verse
quotations. The last one in prose (1853) suggests
to us a line from Browning's ' Mr. Sludge, " the
Medium," '
' May I sit, sir ? This dear old table, now !
or another,
You jogged the table, your foot caused the squeak.
There is a long list of special combinations of the
word, from " table-allowance " to " table-work."
There is no notice from a nineteenth-century book
of "Table d'h6te." Oddly enough, we ^are able
to supply one from verse. In Clough's ' Mari
Magno ' ' The Clergyman's Tale ' has (11.63-4),
f 'Twas easier now to face the crowded shore,
, And table d'hdte less tedious than before.
Under " tablet " the desire of ' Wee Macgregor '
(1900) for toffee has found a place. The last
r)tation for a memorial tablet is of 1870. We
uld have been glad for the sake of history to
see the zeal of the L.C.C. commemorated in a
quotation. There is curious information of a
commercial and legal character concerning the
use of " tabloid." " Taboo " now increasingly
spelt, we notice, by anthropologists " tabu,"
is an important article. " Tabula rasa " has
secured admission, and may, we hope, catch the
eye of the sub-editor who passed some few years
ago in the daily press the phrase " Solvuntur
tabula rasa " ! The various words under " tache
are confusing, but none of them is to-day much
used by the ordinary man. " Tack " is partly
mixed up with " Tache," and the many usages it
covers are noteworthy. The 'definition of
" Tackle " (vi.) in Rugby football, " To seize and"
stop an opponent when in possession of the ball,' r
will hardly do. Full backs would be only too
happy if every time they tackled, they were able
to stop. " To seize or try to stop " -would be an
improvement in the wording. " Taffy "for Welsh-
man appears to begin in 1700. " Tagraggery "
is noted as " chiefly Carlylese." " Tail " is a
long and excellent article, but it is surpassed in
length by " take," one of the most difficult words
to analyze and arrange which Sir James can have-
encountered. We should have been inclined to
associate 7, the transitive use " of an injurious or
destructive agency, natural or supernatural,,
magical, etc.," with 10, " to captivate, delight,
charm " ; and pure pleasure would have impelled
us to quote under the latter heading the
daffodils,
That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty.
We are glad to see Tennyson's " So took echo with)
delight " included, and altogether the article is a
wonderful piece of work.
" Talbot " (hound) is " understood to be derived,
from the ancient English family name Talbot. ...
but evidence is wanting."
For " tale," a mere story, a fiction, The London
Herald (1867) is the only quotation of the last
century. Admirers of Sir W. S. Gilbert will
recall the lines
Tell a tale of cock and bull,
Of convincing details full.
' Mr. Sludge ' could supply a verse quotation for
" talent," special aptitude :
when you buy
The actor's talent, do you dare propose
For his soul beside ?
" Tamal," " tamasha," and " tambouki " are-
among foreign words which would puzzle most
people. " Tampion," also " tompion," has, we
note, nothing to do with the " Tompion clock "
in ' Pickwick ' at the Bath Pump-room, sometimes
spelt without the capital letter. This clock,
was given by " the father of English watch-
making " to the city of Bath in 1709.
" Tandem " is, as a quotation from our owir
columns in 1850 explains, " a practical pun now
naturalized in our language." Words of such
origin must be very rare ; we recall only " dicky,"
which is possibly TO/^, and certainly slang. We
have always been a little doubtful about the
meaning of the " tang " in Kate's tongue which
made her unpopular (' Tempest,' II. ii. 52), and
Sir James justifies our doubts. The " Tantalus "
which holds spirits has not been traced back
further than 1898. " Tariff Reform " begins in
' The Century Dictionary ' (1891) as " in general
a movement away from Protection." The
introduction of Daudet's ' Tartarin ' into English
is duly noted; while Moliere's "Tartufe" has
made English nouns and adjectives. " Task,"
"taste," and " tax" are other articles of great
interest ; and " tea," with its derivatives, occupies
a good deal of space, being prefaced by an in-
teresting note as to pronunciation.
Sir James Murray and his staff have of late
lost some devoted helpers. It is all the more-
credit to them that they are able to make such
regular advance in their arduous work.
100
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. FEBRUARY.
MB. B. H. BLACKWELL of Oxford, sends his
January Clearance List of Classical, Mathematical,
and other School-Books. These lists are issued
twice a year ; the next will be published in
September.
Messrs. Bowes & Bowes include in their Cam-
bridge Catalogue 346, under Fiscal Policy, a
collection of cuttings, October, 1903 April,
1904, arranged in 13 scrapbooks, 31. 10s. Under
Bibliography are " Books about Books," 6 vols.,
11. 16s. ; James's ' Manuscripts in the Fitz-
william Museum,' and ' Illuminated Manuscripts
in the British Museum.' Under Chaucer is
Lintot's folio edition, 1721, II. Is. Under
Classical Literature is a collection of over 90
theses issued between 1830 and 1886 on Greek
And Latin authors, 6 vols., 4to, 31. 3s. There is
A list under Economics and Social Questions.
Under England and also under France are many
historical works. There are in addition works
on India, Ireland, and London. Under Alex-
ander Macmillan is ' A Night with the Yankees,'
-a lecture delivered in the Town Hall, Cambridge,
30 March, 1868, and privately printed, 10s. Qd. ;
and under Malcolm Kingsley Macmillan is
' Selected Letters,' also privately printed, 1893,
21. 2s. Lord Vernon's magnificent edition of
Dante, 3 vols., folio, Firenze, 1858-65, is 131. 13s.
This was printed for presentation only, and con-
tains appendixes with a bibliography.
Mr. L. C. Braun's Catalogue 67 opens with
Art and Illustrated Books. There is a fine clean
copy of Bewick's ' Fables,' 1820, 21. ; also ' The
Looking Glass for the Mind,' 1821, 10s. Qd. Under
Leech is ' Young Troublesome,' folio, original
boards, 11. 10s. ; under Napoleon, a collection of
prints, 15s. ; under South Africa, 11 coloured
views, Ackermann, 1818, 12/6 ; and under
Uzanne, ' L'Ombrelle, le Gant, le Manchon,'
morocco, 21. 5s. Among Bindings are Aldine
Classics, 1540-50, 11 vols., original red morocco,
full gilt backs, 4Z. Foreign Literature comprises a
hundred items. Works under Occult include
Barrett's ' The Magus ; or, Celestial Intelligencer,'
4to, original boards, 1801, 31. There is much of
interest under Topography. London includes,
Lysons's ' Environs,' 5 vols., 4to, 1810, 21. 10s. ;
and Godwin's ' Churches,' 2 vols., half-calf, 1839,
18s. There are many engraved views, including
Crosby Hall in 1814 and 1886, and Horwood's
4 Plan,' 1799, 11. 15s. There are also engraved
portraits of general interest. In the Addenda
are ' The Antiquarian Repertory',' 4 vols., 4to,
1775-84, 11. 5s. ; and Daniel's ' Rural Sports,'
2 vols., 1801-2, with the Supplement, 1813, 3 vols.,
4to, 11. 5s. Under India is Malleson's ' History of
the Mutiny,' with index by Pincott, 7 vols., 8vo,
cloth, 31. 10s.
Messrs. Myers's Catalogue 165 contains the
rare first edition of Ainsworth's ' Rookwood '
in the original cloth, 1836, 81. Under Alken are
* British Proverbs,' 1824, Ql. 15s. ; ' Symptoms of
being Amused,' 1822, 81. ; and ' Specimens of
Riding near London,' 1823, 11. 10s. Under
Balzac is the Saintsbury edition, large paper
(one of 50 copies), 40 vols., 12Z. 12s. A tall copy
of Hayward's ' Edward the Sixt,' 4to, calf, 1630",
is Ql. Qs. ; and a fine copy of Molire's ' (Euvres/
6 vols., contemporary calf, 1788, Ql. 12s. Qd.
Under Stuarts is the Edition de Luxe of Foster,
2 vols., folio, Ql. 10s. There is an extra-illustrated
copy of Bleackley's ' Duchess of Hamilton,' 2 vols.,
green morocco super-extra, 1907, 12Z. 5s. There
are works under Africa, Alpine, America, Charles
I., Dramatic, and Ireland. Under Dante Ros-
setti is his translation of the early Italian poets,
first edition, tree calf, 1861, 21. 2s. Under Scottish
Market Crosses is Small's work with introduction
by Hutcheson, 118 illustrations, folio, 1900,
>y tiv
I. Is.
Among Shakespeare items are Frank
Howard's ' Spirit of the Plays.' 483 plates, un-
spotted copy, 5 vols., 1833, 21. 5s. r and Hazlitt's
reprints of the rare jest-books, 3 vols., 1864,
three-quarter levant, 21. 2s. Under Shelley are
the letters to Leigh Hunt, edited by Wise, 2 vols.
(limited to 30 copies for private circulation),
1894, 11. 5s. (presentation copy to Edward Clodd
j from the Editor).
Messrs. Myers also send Catalogue 166, which
contains Engraved Views of London. These
include Ludgate Hill, large folio, 1795, 21. 2s. ;
the Strand in 1763, 11. 5s. ; several of St. Paul's ;
and Tottenham Court Road, ' March of the
Guards to Finchley,' folio, scarce, 4/. 4s. There
are views of Piccadilly, Hyde Park (the grand
review, 9 July, 1838), Bloornsbury, Chancery
Lane, Islington, Westminster Abbey, St. James's,
Vauxhall Gardens, and Knightsbridge Chapel,
1789 (exterior with adjacent old houses and
coaching scene, and interior, formerly belonging
to the Hospital of Lepers, folio, 4s.).
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
CANON HEWITT. On 28 December, at Grahams-
town, South Africa, after a long illness, the Rev.
James Alexander Hewitt, Canon of Grahamstown.
He was educated at St. Augjistine's College,
Canterbury, and received the honorary degree
of D.C.L. from the University of the South in
1888. He had been in South" Africa since 1870,
and was the author of ' English Church History
in South Africa,' 1887. He had sent us contribu-
tions from 9 S. vi. to 10 S. viii.
tn (K0msp0tttottts.
We must call special, attention to the following
notices:
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
EDITORIAL communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of ' Notes and Queries '" Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lishers "at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
R. B K( " Westminster Chimes "). Anticipated
ante, p. 35.
CORRIGENDUM. P. 66, col. 1, 1. 20 from foot, for
" ISwrebaples" read "Sweetaples."
us. in. FEB. ii, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
101
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 59.
NOTES : The English Bible, 1611, 101 Crabb Robinson
and De Quincey, 102 Pensioners in the Long Parliament,
103 Sheridan and Bishop Hall Chateaubriand and
Madame Lieven Michael Bruce, Logan, and 'The Ode
to the Cuckoo,' 104 Mew or Mewes Families Temple
Bar in 1851, 105 Brechin Lowe Family Conscience-
Stricken : Tardy Advertisements, 106.
QUERIES : St. William's Day at York Dom Francisco
Manuel de Mello Pitt's Letter on Superstition Aristotle
on Education Marine Insurance Sir Robert Peel and
his Speeches Court Life " Bezant "Mother's Maiden
Name as Children's Surname, 107 Leader of the House
of Commons Lady O'Looney's Epitaph " Strike of
Saunsons " S. G. Sloraan " -de- " : " -ty-" Aislabie
Family, 108 Cecil Howard J. Arbuthnot C. Barbour
Dr. J. Drake R. Heath Elizabeth Dixon, Quaker
" Ware " Potatoes" The Almighty Dollar," 109.
REPLIES : Milton Bibles, 109 Newenham Abbey Lady
Conyngham, 110 Hoi well Family Thackeray and
Pugilism Dickens : " Shallabalah " " Elze "^Already
"Puckled," 111 "Die in beauty "Barbara de Bierle
Geoffrey Pole 'Tit for Tat,' 112 Early Ships named
Victory" Love me, love my dog," 113 Wet Hay Irish
Book of Remembrance Belfast Registers Archbishop
Cleaver Rogerson Cotter 'A Voice from the Bush,' 114
Jeremy Smith Chertsey Cartularies Sir John Chandos
The Black Prince's Language-Sybil, Queen of Scotland
"Woodyer" " Terse" Claret, 116 Adders' Fat and
Deafness Early Beefsteak Club, 117 Grange Courty-
Owls called " Cherubims "Quaker Oats Ship lost in
the Fifties Pauper's Badge, 118.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'A Quaker Post-Bag ' Reviews
and Magazines.
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : W. L. Rutton T. Forster.
THE ENGLISH BIBLE, 1611.
IN the prologue to his English Bible, 1539,
Cranmer repeated the rule of St. Gregory
Nazianzen, " I forbid not to read, but I
forbid to reason " (Strype's ' Cranmer,'
1694, ii. 247). Doubtless he feared for the
result when the book should come into the
hands of such as disregarded the ancient
safeguards. A century later Chillingworth
in his ' Religion of Protestants,' 1637,
wrote the sentence which has become the
watchword of many : " The Bible, I say,
the Bible only, is the religion of Protestants "
(1846, p. 463). But these memorable words
have been unfairly used, for their author
again and again guards himself by acknow-
ledging the authoritative interpretation of
** the catholic church of all ages " (p. 16),
" the consent and testimony of the ancient
and primitive church " (p. 105) ; and
declares his meaning to be " Scripture inter-
preted by catholic written tradition" (p. 362).
By the middle of that century a host of sects
had arisen which had hardly anything in
common with Chillingworth but the word
Protestant. We have to keep these things
in mind in estimating the importance of the
widespread distribution of an authorized
version.
Whatever effect the book of 1611 had upon
the people at large, it is certain that scholars
and clergy were not unanimous in the
approval or adoption of it.
Among those who continued more or less
to use the old version were John Denison,
chaplain to James I., in his ' Heavenly
Banquet,' 1619, 1631 ; Dr. John Donne,
Dean of St. Paul's, in ' Six Sermons,' 1634,
iii. 1, v. 11, who prefers " our former trans-
lation" ; and Dr. William Brough, Dean of
Gloucester, in a * Preservative against Schism,'
at the end of his ' Manual of Devotions,'
1659, pp. 516, 517. Bishop Pearson often
chose to make independent renderings for
himself in his book on the ' Creed,' 1659 ; see
the ed. by James Nichols, 1844, pref.
Moreover the new book did not find its
way into all parish churches for more than
a century. Bishop Beveridge, writing in
1710, says that the Bishops' Bible "hath
been read in several churches instead of the
New, ever since, to our days " ; and in
defence of the retention of " old words now
grown obsolete " he adds :
" The vulgar still use those words, or at least
understand them as well as any that are in
common use. It is among the common people
that the language of every nation is best pre-
served." ' Works,' viii. 619, 631, " Ang.-Cath.
Lib.," 1846.
There is an excellent article by Dean
Plumptre, afterwards one of the Revisers, in
Smith's ' Dictionary of the Bible,' 1863, iii.
1675-83. G. G. Perry, 'History of the
Church of England,' 1861, i. 200, contrasts
the statements of Hallam and Trench on the
language of the A.V. The list in Lowndes's
* Bibliographer's Manual,' Bohn, 1857, i.
174-200, is worth consulting.
Some of the books mentioned below are
well known, but a few of them may not be
obvious. Others are noticed by Lowndes
and by Plumptre.
Leigh, Edward, M.A., Oxon. Annotations
imperfections in our Translation discovered.
Folio, 1650.
Kilburne, William. Dangerous Errors in
several late printed Bibles to the great scandal
and corruption of sound and true Religion. 4to,
pp. 15, Finsbury, 1659.
Cell, Robert, D.D. Essay towards the amend-
ment of the last English Translation of the Bible ;
or, a proof, by many instances, that the last trans-
lation of the Bible into English may be improved.
Folio, 1659.
102
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. FEB. n, 1911.
John Edwards, Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, in his ' Perfection of
Holy Scripture,' 1695, pp. 531, 543, 565,
suggests that Convocation should revise the
English Bible, and advises the disuse of
" obsolete " words such as " ere," " trow,"
" wist," " wot."
A. Blackwall, 'Sacred Classics' (1725),
2nd ed., 1727, gives instances where our
version is faulty, harsh, improper, indecent,
low, obscure, pp. 74, 87, 132, 204. In a
third part, issued later, he supplies improved
translations.
B(oss), H(ugh). Essay for a New Translation
of the Bible. Wherein is shewn from Reason and
the Authority of the Best Commentators, Inter-
preters, and Criticks, that there is a Necessity for
a New Translation. 2nd ed., 8vo, pp. 338, 1727.
Translated from Charles Le Ceiie.
Scott, William. The New Testament Illus-
trated.... a Correction of our Translation. 4 to,
1775.
Symonds, John, Professor of Modern History,
Cambridge. Observations on the Expediency of
Revising the Present English Version of the Four
Gospels and Acts. 4to, Camb., 1789.
Lindsey, Theophilus, Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, Unitarian. List of False
Readings and Mistranslations of the English
Bible. 1790.
Newcome, William, Archbishop of Armagh.
Historical View of English Biblical Translations.
8vo, Dublin, 1792. Attempt towards Revising
the English Translation of the Greek Scriptures.
2 vols., 8vo, Dublin, 1796.
Tomlinson, Robert. Attempt to rescue the
Holy Scriptures from the Ridicule they incur
with the inconsiderate, occasioned by incorrect
Translations. 8vo, 1803.
Barrett, Richard A. F., Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge. Synopsis of Criticisms upon those
Passages of the Old Testament in which Commenta-
tors have differed from the Authorized Version.
5 vols., 8vo, 1847.
A Plea for a New English Version of the Scrip-
tures. By a Licentiate of the Church of Scotland.
8vo, 1864.
W. C. B.
CRABB ROBINSON AND
DE QUINCEY. .
THERE are some interesting references to
Thomas De Quincey in the * Diary ' of
Henry Crabb Robinson. The first mention
of the Opium-Eater is dated 17 June, 1812,
when Robinson dined in the Middle Temple
Hall with De Quincey, who was, as he notes,
very civil and gave him a cordial invitation
to the Cottage in Cumberland.
Crabb Robinson says that De Quincey' 3
" person is small, his complexion fair, and his
air and manner are those of a sickly and enfeebled
man. From this circumstance his sensibility,
which I have no doubt is genuine, is in danger of
being mistaken for effeminateness. At least
coarser and more robustly healthful persons may
fall into this mistake."
On 5 September, 1816, Crabb Robinson
says :
" I took an opportunity of calling on De
Quincey, my Temple-hall acquaintance. He has
been very much an invalid, and his appearance
bespoke ill-health."
The visit was mainly to Wordsworth, but
after reaching home Robinson notes :
" Just as we were going to bed De Quincey called
on me. He was in much better spirits than when
I saw him in the morning, and expressed a wish
to walk with me about the neighbourhood."
This shows that De Quincey's nocturnal
habits had already started. On the 24th the
diarist says :
" Wordsworth conducted me over the fell,
and left me, near De Quincey's house, a little
after one. He was in bed. but rose on my arrival.
I was gratified by the sight of a large collection
of books, which I lounged over."
They had a walk across Grasmere to
Easdale Tarn, and returned to dinner, after
which De Quincey accompanied him to the
gate of Wordsworth's garden terrace. When
he returned -he says : " I found De Quincey
up, and chatted with him till past twelve/
Of 25 September he says :
" This was a day of unexpected enjoyment.
I lounged over books till past ten, when De
Quincey came down to breakfast. It was not
till past twelve we commenced our walk, which
had been marked out by Wordsworth. We first
passed Grasmere Church, and then, going along
the opposite side of the lake, crossed by a mountain
road into the vale of Great Langdale."
Under date 7 October, 1821, Crabb Robinson-
remarks :
" My journal mentions (what does not belong io
my recollections, but to my obliviscences) an
able pamphlet by Mr. De Quincey against
Brougham, written during the late election,
entitled ' Close Comments on a Straggling Speech/
a capital title at all events."
This pamphlet is anonymous. I traced a
copy to the Bibliotheca Jacksoniana at
Tullie House, Carlisle. An account of this
effort of the Opium-Eater as an electioneer
appeared in The Manchester Guardian
(28 September, 1907).
In the following month the Opium-Eater
was in London. On 7 November Crabb
Robinson writes :
" Called on De Quincey to speak about the
Classical Journal. I have recommended him to
Valpy, who will be glad of his assistance. D&
Quincey speaks highly of the liberality of Taylor
and Hessey, who gave him forty guineas for his
' Opium-Eater.' "
ii s. m. FEB. 11, wit.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
It would seem that nothing came of H. C. R.'s
kindly intervention. De Quincey's name
does not occur in Valpy's Classical Journal,
and none of the articles raise a suspicion
that he had any share in them.
On 6 July, 1824, Oabb Robinson took
tea with Lamb. Hessey gave an account of
De Quincey's description of his bodily suf-
ferings. " He should have employed as his
publishers," said Lamb, " Pain and Fuss "
(Payne & Foss) not a very brilliant joke.
The last reference to De Quincey is dated
29 August, 1836, and expresses the diarist's
opinion that it was Cottle's right and duty
to make known the generous gift of the
Opium-Eater to Coleridge.
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
> [See ' Puns on Payne,' 11 S. ii. 409, 453 ; iii. 36.]
PENSIONERS IN THE LONG
PARLIAMENT.
No doubt the following list of pensioners
who represented the nation in the Long
Parliament, taken from The Universal Maga-
zine, January, 1750, will be of interest to
readers of 'N. & Q.' :
Lenthal, the Speaker, 7,730?. per annum, besides
a gratuity of 6,000?.
Bulstrode Whitlock, Commissioner of the Great
Seal, 1,500?. per annum and a gift of 2,0002.
Edmund Prideaux, 1,2001. per annum.
Roger Hill, 1,200?. per annum.
Francis Rous, 1,200?. per annum.
Humphry Salway, 200?. per annum.
John Lisle, 800?. per annum.
Oliver St. John made over 40,000?. from his places
of Attorney and Solicitor for the King, by
ordinance of Parlia 
