flc
Notas and Queries, July 29, 1911.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
FOR
LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC.
When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
ELEVENTH SERIES. VOLUME III.
JANUARY JUNE, 1911.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED AT THE
OFFICE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.G.
BY JOHN C. FRANCIS AND J. EDWARD FRANCIS.
Notes and Queries, July 29, 1911.
AC
"boS
M.
LIBRARY
730975
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
ii s. in. JAN. 7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
1
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, 1011.
CONTENTS. No. 54.
NOTES : Milton Bibles, 1 Bishopsgate Street Without, 2
Chamney Family, 3 Anglo-American Mail Service:
its Bicentenary South African Bibliography Samuel
Richardson and the English Philosophers, 5 -Bells and
Bell-Founders, 1560 Legal Macaronics, 6.
QUERIES : "Terse" Claret-The Black Prince's Language
"Die in beauty "Roger Greatorex Bibliography of
Folk-lore, 7 Thread -Papers Pitt and Wilkes on Dis-
franchisement Prebendary Gabriel Grant Militia
Claims, 1716 Anne Boleyn : Bulley Family Lacy as a
Place-Name, 8 John Hudson ' Pilgrim's Progress '
Imitated Oundle " Ennomic " " Caeqehouias "
"Carent": " Patricksmas " : "Lukesmas" "Instant"
or "Current" Rev. J. Samwell : Rev. J. Peacock
Roeites of Calverton, 9 Andrew Arter's Memorial
Church with Wooden Bell-Turret " God moves in a
mysterious way," 10.
REPLIES rMotto of 1851 Exhibition, 10 -Lord Mayor
Trecothick, 11 Turcopolier Corn and Dishonesty, 12
Eminent Librarians Great Snow in 1614, 13 Christmas
Mummers Christmas Bough or Bush Owls called
"Cherubims" Authors Wanted John Bright's Quota-
tions, 15 'Gentleman's Magazine ' Danes'-Blood, a
Flower, 16 High Stewards and Recorders Dante and a
Font Miss Sumner, 17 Elizabeth Woodville and the
Kings of Cologne Babies and Kittens Lowthers v.
Howards, 18.
NOTES OX BOOKS :-Leland's ' Itinerary 'Reviews and
Magazines.
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
JEtrrfes.
MILTON BIBLES.
A BIBLE in the British Museum (Add. MS.
32, 310) is thus described in " Facsimiles of
Royal, Historical, Literary, and other Auto-
graphs in the Department of Manuscripts,
British Museum. Edited by George F.
Warner, M.A., Assistant Keeper of Manu-
scripts. Series I. V." :
" The Holy Bible printed by Robert Barker,
London, 1612 : a copy which belonged to John
Milton, who on the page here reproduced [facing
the beginning of Genesis] entered memoranda of
the dates of the birth, &c., of himself and members
of his family, including his brother Christopher
Milton [baptized 3 Dec., 1615] and his nephews
Kd ward and John Phillips. The first five entries
appear to have been made together in 1646 :
the last two, written in 1657/8, after Milton had
become totally blind, were added under his
direction by another hand. Add. MS. 32, 310."
The entries are as follows :
" John Milton was born the 9 th of December,
308, die Veneris half an howr after 6 in the
morning.
" Christofer Milton was born on Friday about
a month before Christmass at 5 in the morning,
1615.
" Edward Phillips was 15 year old August,
1645.
" John Phillips is a year younger, about Octob.
"My daughter Anne was born July the 29 th
on the fast at eevning about half an houre after
six 1646.
" My daughter Mary was born on Wedensday,
Octob. 25 th , on the fast day in the morning
about 6 a clock, 1618.
" My son John was born on Sunday, March the
16 th about half an hower past nine at night, 1650.
" My daughter Deborah was born the 2 d of
May, being Sunday, somwhat before 3 of the
clock in the morning, 1652.
" [His*] My wife hir mother dyed about 3 days
after. And my son about six weeks after his
mother.
" Katherin my daughter, by Katherin my
second wife, was borne y e 19 th of October, between
5 and 6 in y e morning, and dyed y e 17 th of March
following, 6 weeks after hir mother, who dyed
y 9 3 rd of Feb., 1657."
The Bible an octavo edition of 1636
printed by Young which Dr. Birch saw and
examined in 1749-50, when he visited
Milton's granddaughter Mrs. Foster in Cock
Lane, near Shoreditch Church, also contains
entries of births and deaths of Milton's chil-
dren. Dr. Birch's own account is as follows :
" She show'd me her Grand Mother's Bible in
8 VO printed by Young in 1636, in a Blank Leafe
upon which Milton had enter'd in his own Hands
the Births of his Children, as follows:
" ' Anne my Daughter was born July the 29 th
the day of the Monthly Fast between six and
seven, or about half an hour after six the Ev'ning
1646.
' ' Mary my Daughter was born on Wednesday
Octob. 25 on the Fast Day in the morning about
six o'clock 1645.
' My Son John was born on Sunday March
the 16 th halfe an houre past nine at night 1650.
" ' My Daughter Deborah was born the 2 d of
May, being Sunday somewhat before 3 of the Clock
in the morning 1652.' " Birch Autograph
MS. 4244.
Mrs. Foster, daughter of Deborah, third
daughter of Milton, of whom a long account
is given in vol. vi. p. 751 ff. of Masson's
' Life of Milton,' married Abraham Clarke,
who died some time after 1688. She
afterwards married Thomas Foster, " a
weaver in Spitalfields," and died in 1727.
All Milton's children are mentioned except-
ing Katherin. Masson gives the following
entries from the burial registers of St.
Margaret's, Westminster, " Feb. 10, 1657/8,
Mrs. Katherin Milton," and again, "March
20, 1657/8, Mrs. Katherin Milton," and
remarks that from these entries we should
not know which designated the mother
and which the child. He quotes, however,
a sentence in Phillips' s memoir of his uncle
Marked through.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, wn.
which " settles the point." This sentence is
as follows :
'By his [Milton's] second wife he had only
one daughter, of which the mother, the first year
after her marriage, died in^childbedjand the child
also within a month after."
Katherin Woodcocke married Milton on
12 November, 1656, and the child, according
to the parish books of St. Margaret's, West-
minster, was born 19 October, 1657. This
date is given in the Museum Bible. Had
Masson known of this Bible, he could even
have given the exact day of death.
There are slight differences in the wordings
of some of the entries in the two Bibles.
Here is another and important difference.
" I am the book of Mary Milton," i.e. Mary
Powell, Milton's first wife, is written, " in his
wife's handwriting," in the Birch Bible.
Those words are not in the Museum Bible,
but on the inside of the back cover is
written " Eliz. Elcock," and underneath
"Eliz. Salmon, Her Book" (apparently
maiden and married names). Of Milton's
third wife, Elizabeth, nee Minshull, who
died in 1727, the same year as Mrs.
Foster, surviving Milton fifty-one years,
we are told that she left all her effects,
after payment of debts, to her nephews and
nieces. Among those effects was " a large
Bible." Possibly this was the Museum
Bible, which had been acquired by one of
those nieces.
This Museum Bible was purchased from
Thomas Kerslake in 1884. Masson's 'Life
of Milton,' by the way, was published only
three years previously. I naturally inquired
of Dr. Warner whether Kerslake had given
any details as to how the Bible had come
into his possession. Dr. Warner kindly
looked over all letters received from Kerslake
during 1883 and 1884, but found nothing of
the kind. Kerslake, who is now dead,
wrote from Bristol. It would be extremely
interesting to know its history. And per-
haps some day the Bible described by Dr.
Birch may come to light. J. S. S.
BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT.
(See 11 S. ii. 246.)
THE widening of this ancient thoroughfare
begins at Lupinsky & Brandon's, tailors,
Nos. 134 and 135, and will extend to Norton
Folgate. It may be observed that the new
' Post Office Directory ' includes Bishopsgate
only, and has a note that Bishopsgate Within
and Without have been amalgamated under
the new title.
" The Black Raven," 136, Bishopsgate-
Street Without, survives, like the curate's
egg, " in parts." Some few years ago it
could be distinguished, not by a hanging
sign, but by a modern tessellated pavement
at the entrance, bearing a large black raven.
The probability, however, that it occupies
the site of a more ancient house with the
same sign is suggested by the circumstance
of the upper portion containing, among
other things, a very old-fashioned staircase,
which I have not at present seen, and heavy
beams of oak supporting the ceiling. My
informant is Mr. Samuel Mossman, the-
owner, who is landlord also of " The Swan
Hotel " at Stratford, E., and whose con-
nexion with " The Black Raven " has
lasted over fifteen years.
Mr. Mossman tells me that an old-fash-
ioned society called " Ye Olde White Dogs "
was held there for many years, and at Yule-
time the chairman always gave the toast
of " the buxom lasses and merry wives of
Bishopsgate." The " White Dogs " at the
same festive season distributed bread
and coal tickets among the poor inhabitants
of the surrounding district, a charity, sup-
ported by many City merchants, which did
a vast amount of good, but which has now
been removed to the Bishopsgate Institute
under a new name.
There is a seventeenth - century token
extant of " The Black Raven," but I do-
not remember to have seen the sign noted
by MB. McMuBBAY in his interesting lists
of some of the " Signs of Old London."
I have the remains of an old handbill,
dated 1791, of "The Black Raven," 136,
Bishopsgate Street Without. The land-
lord at that time was Alfred Love, who
announces the perhaps not surprising fact
that he was a " direct importer and Bonder
of all his wines and spirits, noted for Special
Scotch and Irish Whiskies." A raven
perched on a bough adorns this handbill.
But why weie the " White Dogs " so named ?
Angel Alley, which stood between Nos. 137'
and 138, but was swallowed up by the Great
Eastern Railway Station about, I think,
sixteen years ago, probably marked the site
of " The Angel Inn " in Bishopsgate Street,,
where the Parish Clerks, incorporated in
1232 by Henry III., kept their hall, that is,
the first hall of the Fraternity ; and by it was
an almshouse for seven poor widows of
deceased members. The Clerks kept the
account of christenings, casualties, &c.,
and published the bills of mortality, among
other privileges of their charter being exemp-
tion from parish duties in the parish wherein
ii s. in. j.. 7, MI.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
they officiated ; they attended at funerals, j
and proceeded on foot before the corpse,
singing, until they reached the church ;
they had also (probably at "The Angel")
public feasts, with music and song.
Lamb Alley, formerly between Nos. 144
and 145, derived its name from a sign of
" The Lamb Tavern " ; and Sun Street,
part of which still exists at the back of
No. 144, though formerly it had a continua-
tion through the opposite side of the street,
also had its name from a sign of " The Sun."
A token of " The Sun " in Bishopsgate
Street, issued by W. I. A., probably relates
to Bishopsgate Within, where there was a
tavern of which Sun Yard marked the site :
"To be Sold
A Strong season' d Hunter ; also a gentle Gelding,
Master of about fourteen or fifteen Stone, fit for
a Lady. Enquire of Major Tames in Sun Yard,
Bishopsgate Street." Daily Advertiser, 1 Oct.,
1741.
" The King's Arms," 128, Bishopsgate
Street, was an ale-house in 1742, unless the
following announcement relate to " The
King's Arms," 106, Bishopsgate Street
Within :
" Lost the 31st of March last, from behind the
Stoke Newington Coach, between Stoke Newing-
ton and Bishopsgate, a Deal Box, with some
Shifts, and Wearing Apparel. Whoever will bring
the same to Mr. Hawkins at the King's Arms
Ale-house in Bishopsgate Street, shall have a
Guinea Reward, and no Questions ask'd."
Daily Advertiser, 8 April, 1742.
The tavern stands at the corner of Acorn
Street, and was perhaps originally " The
Acorn." There certainly was, according
to Dodsley, an " Acorn " sign here which
gave its name to Acorn Street.
Sweetapple Court, at No. 157, was so
named, not after such a sign, but after Sir
John Sweetapple, the owner (Dodsley's
' London ' ) ; but who he was, whether
knight or baronet, or whether he had held
the office of Alderman (he was not appa-
rently a Mayor), I cannot say.
J. HOLDER MA.CMICHAEL.
(To be continued.)
CHAMNEY OR CHOLMONDELEY
FAMILY.
WHAT has been described as the " curt and
absurd pronunciation of Cholmondeley as
Chulmley or Chumley the contraction of
illiterate flunkeys," appears to have another
variation, to wit, " Chamney," a hybrid
which will not be found in the ' Patronymia
Britannica.' A family of Chamney sprang
up in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford
towards the end of the seventeenth century,
and their descendants may still be traced, I
relieve, in the sister isle. The traditional
rigin of the name is related in ' The Metal
Mines of Ireland,' a paper read before the
Royal Dublin Society by Mr. G. H. Kinehan
on 24 March, 1886.
Speaking of the co. Wicklow, the author
says :
" Bacon, an Englishman, came over and built
works at Shillelagh. Before his time most of
bhe charcoal was sent to Wales to be there used
in the final working of iron. He, however, con-
sidered it would be more economical to import
the pig iron than export the charcoal. This
adventure was most successful, and at the time
of the Commission for examination into the
state of timber in Ireland, he had amassed a sum
of over one million pounds. Having only one
child, a daughter, the bait was too seductive to
one of the Commissioners, a scion of the twice
noble house of Cholmondeley, who became Bacon's
son-in-law and successor, relinquishing his herit-
age, and changing his name to Chamney. Al-
though he changed his name during his life, and
his descendants adopted the change, yet on his
tomb in Carnew churchyard his real name and
lineage are given. The Chamneys greatly in-
creased the trade, having works not only at
Shillelagh, where Bacon established the industry,
but also in the Vale of Clara ; at Bally-na-Clash
or ' Clash ' in Glenmalure ; at Woodenbridge
and Aughrim, in the Vale of the Darragh Water,
and elsewhere ; besides innumerable bloomeries ;
his works popularly being said to have ' filled
the county.' The Clash and Shillelagh iron was
of very superior quality. Elsewhere in Ireland 5
the iron trade gradually ceased, as the woods were
exhausted, but here it seems to have come to a
sudden and untimely end prior to 1761, on account
of a fracas between Chamney and the English
agent of the lord of the soil. Written informa-
tion about the old ironworks is very hard to pro-
cure, as nearly all the Chamney papers appear to
have been destroyed when the family were dis-
persed. Old people will tell you that ' the noise
of the Chamney hammer was a weather guide.'
Also they know that the iron and ore was carried;
in baskets on horseback from Wicklow port, and
from the different mines ; and the old horse-
tracks from the mines and Wicklow to the fur-
naces can still be shown."
Nearly twenty years ago I entered
into correspondence with the late Rev.
Joseph Chamney, D.D., Rector of Dromiskin,
Armagh, with reference to the Chamney
family, and we were able to piece together
the following fragmentary genealogy.
| John Cholmondeley or Chamney of
I Ballard, co. Wicklow, and Ballynellot, co.
I Wexford, born 1650, married circa 1686 Jane,
daughter of Bacon, ironmaster of
Shillelagh, and had issue a son Thomas and
two daughters : Elizabeth, b. 1688, married
Percival Hunt of Lara, co. Kildare ; Anne,
married Archer. He died 1733, and.
was buried at Carnew.
NOTES, AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
The son, Thomas Chamney, of Flatten,
near Drogheda, co. Meath, married 24 Janu-
ary, 1715, Margaret, d. of Francis Graves
of Drogheda, and had issue :
1. Graves Chamney, Alderman, of Flatten.
Died s.p., October, 1794.
2. John Chamney, married Van-
homrigh (nearly related to Swift's
"*' Vanessa "), a quo John Vanhomrigh
Chamney, Captain 25th Foot. Will dated
1796.
(1) Elizabeth, bom 4 March, 1717;
married, 1746, Edward Archer of Mount
John, co. Wicklow.
(2) Jane, born 1718, married William
Aickin.
(3) Esther, born 1719, married Henry
Cusack.
(4) Frances, born 1720, married Thomas
Jones, patentee of the Theatre Royal,
Dublin.
(5) Catherine, born 1726, married Joseph
Swan of Tombrean, co. Wicklow.
(6) Susannah, born 1727, married John
Blacker.
Edward and Elizabeth Archer had with
other issue a daughter Jane, who married in
1781 Dr. John Haughton, a Dublin physician.
Dr. Haughton' s second son was Sir Graves
Chamney Haughton (1788-1849), Orientalist.
In the ' D.N.B.' the latter 's second Christian
name is erroneously given as Champney.
But Champney, of course, has nothing to
do with Chamney, being derived from the
French " Champagnois," a native of Cham-
pagne.
The Rev. Joseph Chamney first drew my
attention to the tradition that his family
were a branch of the Cholmondeleys, and the
romantic circumstances that had prompted
the corruption of the surname. He, how-
ever, had not been able to verify the state-
ment as to John Chamney 's real name and
lineage being inscribed on his tomb. It
was only the other day that I myself was
able to visit Carnew with this object in
view. Unfortunately, I could not find this
grave in the churchyard, nor was any official
connected with the church forthcoming who
might have assisted me. I have since dis-
covered, however, that the Carnew inscrip-
tions have been dealt with by the Associa-
tion for the Preservation of the Memorials
of the Dead in Ireland, and that the inscrip-
tion I was in search of is given as follows :
" Here lyeth the body of Jn Chamney, Esq.,
who departed this life the 11 th day of April, 1733,
in the 81 th year of his age." Vol. vii. p. 205.
Not a word about the alleged addition
of his " real name and lineage," which would
hardly have escaped the transcriber's notice
if present.
The church at Camew is about sixty
years old, for it replaced an edifice con-
demned as unsafe. The square tower, sur-
mounted by a spire, of the former church
is separated from the body of the present one.
There is a Chamney memorial inside the
church, viz., a mural tablet with the follow-
ing inscription :
" Sacred to the Memory | of Joseph Chamney,
Esq., of Ballyrahin, late Captain of | the Coolat-
tin Corps of Yeomany Infantry in the County of
Wicklow. | On the 2 nd day of July, 179S, and the
52 nd year of his age, He was killed | with his
nephew a most amiable youth both fighting | the
battles of their God and of their King | in defence
of their religion and their country. | In testimony
| of the high sense entertained of his many
public and private virtues | which are indelibly
graven on the hearts of his numerous and sorrow-
ing friends | they have erected this monument I
A.D. 1806."
The nephew was Capt. Nickson of the
Coolkenna Corps. The engagement was the
last of three reverses, or " melancholy
affairs," as the Protestant historians term
them, which the King's troops suffered in this
neighbourhood within a few days. It took
place half-way between Tinnahely and
Carnew. The Yeomanry after their repulse
took refuge in Capt. Chamney 's house at the
foot of the hill, where under Capt. Morton
and Lieut. Chamney, a son of the deceased,
they sustained during fourteen hours the
attacks of the rebels, who attempted
repeatedly to fire the house. Some (particu-
larly a large man from Gorey, named John
Redmond, nicknamed Shaun Plunder)
advanced under a covering of feather-beds
to the hall-door, with the design of applying
a torch to it ; but they were shot down in
the attempt, despite this thick tegument.
This incident is illustrated by Cruikshank in
Maxwell's ' History of the Rebellion.'
The Ballyrahin Chamneys were probably
descended from another son of John Cham-
ney, not included in the above pedigree. In
Vicars' s ' Prerogative Wills of Ireland ' there
is "Joseph Chamney, The Forge, co.
Wicklow, 1742."
Colour is lent to the assertion that the
original name of the family was Cholmonde-
ley by the fact that they bore the same arms. '
Chamney silver Irish silver of the early
part of the eighteenth century has passed
through my hands, and it bears the Cholmon-
deley coat of arms and crest, which are also
attached to the memorial to Capt. Chamney.
11 S. III. JAX. 7, 1911.]
NOTES AND QUEKIKS.
What was the date of the " Commission fo
examination into the state of timber in
Ireland," and where could the names o
the Commissioners be seen ?
H. G. ARCHER.
ANGLO-AMERICAN MAIL SERVICE : ITS
BICENTENARY. So many centenary anc
bicentenary celebrations of various kinds
take place in these days that it is somewha 1
strange that none appears to be contem
plated of one which would make a particu
larly wide and human appeal, that being
the bicentenary of the establishment of a
regular Anglo-American mail service. Th(
beginnings of such a service can be traced
of course, to the seventeenth century ; but
it was not until the closing months of the
first decade of the eighteenth that these
seem to have settled into the periodic. In
The Daily Courant for 8 January, 1711,
appeared the following :
" Bristol, Jan. 6. This Day arri v'd here the Roya
Anne Packet Boat, Captain Shorter, from New
York, with a Mail of Letters from Her Majesty's
Dominions on the Continent of America, which
made her Passage from Bristol to New York in
50 Days, and her Passage home in 28 Days. This is
the first Mail in return from the Continent since
the erecting the Correspondence to and from this
Kingdom and the said Continent."
The information here given was supple-
mented by the subjoined advertisement,
published in the same newspaper on the
following 15 June, showing that this regular
mail service had taken a firm hold upon the
public :
" For New York.
"The Harley Packet-Boat from Bristol, Joseph
Palmer, Commander, will be ready to Sail the last
of this Instant June, (Wind and Weather per-
mitting) with the Mail of Letters for the Continent
of America, which will be taken in at the General
Post-Office in London, or at any of the Post-Offices
in Great-Britain, at any time between this and the
last Day of this Instant June, 1711. And other
lackets will be successively provided to depart
monthly, with such Letters which shall be in the
General Post-Office in London or Post-Office in
Bristol, by the last Thursday in every Month.
All Merchants and others, who have Occasion to
send Goods or small Parcels, and are desirous to
" us Passengers to New- York, New-England,
Long-Island, Rhode-Island, East or West-Jersey,
lensilvania, Maryland, Virginia or Carolina
applying themselves to William Warren, or
Jonathan Scarth Merchants, at the 3 Crowns in
bracious- Street, London ; or to Richard Champion,
Charles Hartford, Merchants, in Bristol, may
be Accommodated on reasonable Terms. P. S
JNote, That there are already Posts, and other
Conveyances, from New- York to the several above-
mentioned Places, And that the Reason why the
late Packets have not duely kept their Cours, hath
been occasioned by the Death of Sampson Mears ^
late Proprietor of the said Packets."
More about this earliest Anglo-American
periodic service is doubtless to be found,
and would be w r elcome.
ALFRED F. ROBBINS.
SOUTH AFRICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. As so
many readers of ' N. & Q.' are devoted to the
study of bibliography, a note should be
made of that valuable contribution, ' South
African Bibliography,' by Mr. Sidney
Mendelssohn, published by Messrs. Kegan
Paul, Triibner & Co., the first volume of
which contains an Introduction by Mr. I. D..
Colvin. Mr. Mendelssohn has devoted the
best part of eleven years to the compilation
of his two noble volumes, the last five yeara
having been almost entirely given to the
work. The Bibliography was at first con-
fined to the author's library of works
relating to South Africa, but has been,
extended to other sources. His own collec-
tion he has left by his will to the Union
Parliament of South Africa. He states in
the preface, "It is not presented now, as
I have by no means finished collecting" ;
and he is afraid that he could not work
without his collection at hand. A. N. Q.
SAMUEL RICHARDSON AND THE ENGLISH
PHILOSOPHERS. Richardson's novels con-
tain numerous and characteristic references
to 'the English philosophers. It is worth
while to collect them, as they have not been
noticed by his biographers.
Lovelace, who has the greatest philosophi-
cal knowledge of any of Richardson's
characters, refers once to the contents of
Shaftesbury's ' Essay on the Freedom of
Wit and Humour ' (' Characteristicks/ vol. i,.
Treatise II.) :
" I always called another cause, when any of
ny libertine companions, in pursuance of Lord
Shaftesbury's test (which is part of the rake's
creed, and what I may call the whetstone of
nfidelity ), endeavoured to turn the sacred subject
nto ridicule." ' Clarissa', iii. 147, ed. 1902.
Lovelace also mentions Shaftesbury's ' Letter
concerning Enthusiasm,' which contains an
account of the French prophets (' Character-
sticks,' i. 26-8) :
" \Yhat we have been told of the agitations and
vorkings, and sighings and sobbings of the French
>rophets among us formerly, was nothing at all
o the scene exhibited by these maudlin souls, at
he re.-iding of these letters." ' Clarissa,' vii. 301 ;
Iso cp. Shaftesbury, edited by Hatch, i. 378-81.
In ' Sir Charles Grandison, 1 iii. 75-6,
s an allusion to the title of Shaftesbury's.
6
NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. m. JAN. 7, ion.
' Moralists ' (' Characteristicks,' vol. ii.
Treatise V.) :
" I would have all these moralists, as they affect
to call themselves, suffer by such libertine prin-
ciples, as cannot be pursued, but in violation
of the very first laws of morality."
Lovelace refers once to B. de Mandeville's
* The Fable of the Bees ; or, Private Vices,
Public Benefits ' :
" At worst, I am entirely within my worthy
friend Mandeville's assertion, that private vices
are public benefits." ' Clarissa,' vi. 3.
Berkeley's dialogue * Alciphron ; or, The
Minute Philosopher,' is mentioned in * Sir
'Charles Grandison/ i. 281 :
" He is thought to be a modern wit, you must
know : and to speak after an admirable writer,
a minute philosopher."
Richardson's numerous references to Locke's
* Some Thoughts concerning Education '
in the sequel to ' Pamela ' do not belong
here. He does not seem to have read Locke's
' Essay concerning Human Understanding,'
as the word " idea," first made popular by
Locke, does not occur in his novels. Richard-
son, in opposition to Locke, considers that
there are innate ideas :
" Principles that are in my mind ; that I found
there ; implanted, no doubt, by the first gracious
Planter." ' Clarissa,' iv. 165.
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
BELLS AND BELL-FOUNDERS, c. 1560 :
JOHN GRANGER. I have just found on the
Common Plea Roll for Michaelmas term,
9-10 Eliz. (1567), the following notes on the
above subject, which I think should find a
place in * N. & Q.'
In the first entry Andrew Blease and John
Kent, husbandmen, brought an action
against John Granger of London, bell-
founder (otherwise called John Graunger of
Ightfelde, co. Salop, bell-founder), Humphrey
Cole of Ightfelde, " yoman," and Henry
Hewes of London (otherwise Henry Hewes
of Assheparva, co. Salop, . " yoman "), to
recover a debt of III. This is a mere entry
of adjournment, and no particulars are
given ; but the second entry relates to a
cross suit in which John Kent of Olner, co.
Chester, was summoned to answer the above
John Granger or Graunger. It recites the
following bond, dated 20 April, 1 Eliz.
<1559) :
" The condition of this obligation is such
that if the above-bounden Andrew Blese and
John Kent or either of them, their executors,
administrators, and assigns, or the executors,
administrators, or assigns of either of them, wel
.and truly content and pay or cause to be contented
And paide the somme of fy ve poundes syx shillinges
,nd viijd of lawfull money of Englande unto the
ibove- named John Granger, his executors,
administrators, or assignes, in maner and forme
lereafter following, That is to say at the castyng
of such a bell as the foresaide Andrewe and John
Kent shall deliver unto the said John Granger
53s. 4d., and within one twelvemonth and one
clay next after the castyng of the said bell other
53s. 4d., in full paiment of the foresaid some of
5 6.s. 8d. then this obligation to be void and of
none effect ; and if default of payment be made
of and in either of the foresaid payments at either
of the dayes above limited, in part or in all,
contrary to the true intent and meanyng hereof,
Then this obligation to stande in full strength
and vertue."
I have looked up several authorities on
Dells and bell-founding, but not one of them
mentions John Granger or Graunger as a
'ounder. It seems possible that the bell
alluded to was cast for a church at Olner
in Cheshire, and that Andrew Blease and
John Kent were churchwardens.
HENRY R. PLOMER.
8, The Broadway, Hammersmith, W.
LEGAL MACARONICS. This term was very
happily applied at 7 S. i. 346 to that
urious and composite jargon called law
French ; ' and an instance from Dyer's
Reports was given, in which a convicted
ruffian " ject un brickbat a le Justice, que
narrowly mist." The reporter is not dis-
turbed by the occurrence of a word which
he cannot translate. He simply puts it in
bodily.
A few instances may be added from Sir
John Davis' s Reports, temp. Jac. I., but
printed 1674 the first Irish Reports ever
published. In Le Case de Customes :
' Que est graund honte a nostre Nation,
destre issint enamour ove les Mercery & Grocery
wares imports per strangers, & d expender sur
eux plus que le value de touts les Staple & reall
commodities de nostre Pais : que serra en fine
le ruine del Commonweal."
In Le Case de Tanistry :
" Chescun Custome ad un commencement,
coment que le memorie del home ne extend a
ceo ; come le River Nilus ad un fountaine,
coment que les Geographers nepoent trover ceo."
In the same case, a certain ordinance
" accord ove le Divine Ordinance en le case
de Zelophehad, Num. Cap. 27."
In Le Case del Roy all Piscarie de la
Banne :
" Auxy le Hoy auera les grands poissona del Mer,
Balenas & Sturgiones et le Koy auera wilde
Swans, come volatilia regalia."
The reports of " Gulielme Bendloes, Ser-
jeant de la Ley," 1661, furnish some.
macaronic writing also. In 19 Jac. I.
an action was brought for the invasion of a
ii s. in. JAN. v, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
pew in which plaintiffs and their ancestors
" ont seie et kneel e pur oyer divine service
in le Eglise de D. en un He en le upper End
del Eglise." Two years later Mrs. Fetti-
place sues the parson of Pusey " pour de
bruser son close et de fouler ses herbes ove ses
avers (viz.) beufes, vacces, galines, Ducks,
Aucks, et Cock de Indies ; " and the Court
sagaciously quashes the judgment against
him on the ground that turkeys are not
averia, but volatilia.
In Cossett's Case, 2 Car. I.,
** fuit prove que diverse fuerunt present in le
'Tauerne quant I'homme fuit tue per un plage BUT
Je teste ove un quart pott, & drinking ensemble,
mes ne fuit prove quex d'eux done le plage."
In the same year it is said that the Statute
of Westminster
" n'est qu un Nurse [when] le child est nee, et
1'statute come careful mother prist ceo en ses
braches a preserver ceo."
And again :
" Dodderidge dit que les parolls d'un Judgment
doit estre certen et nemy destre vary ou frame
solonque le pleasure et fond conceit de chescun
home."
I have extended the abbreviations. There
is a mine of comedy in the old Reports.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their name's and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
" TERSE " CLARET. In Sir C. Sedley's
* Bellamira,' Act II. sc. i. (of 1687), Merry-
man says, " I am so full I should spill terse
at every jolt ; we drank gallons apiece " ;
and a little further on, " He grudg'd her
money for honest terse, and so he's right
enough serv'd." Here it appears that
terse was the name, proper or in slang, of
some beverage. Shadwell, ' The Humourists,'
Act IV. (of 1671), has " Must I stay till by
the strength of terse claret you have wet
yourself into courage ? " Here the epithet
terse is applied to claret ; whence we may
perhaps conclude that the terse in Sedley
stands for " terse claret." But why is
claret described as, or called, " terse," and
what is the origin of the term ? Claret no
doubt was imported in " terses " or " tierces,"
but so also, I suppose, were other wines. I
do not find that Halliwell or Nares has dealt
with " terse " in this sense, and shall be
glad if readers of ' N. & Q.' can give us any
light on it. JAMES A. H. MURRAY. '
Oxford.
THE BLACK PRINCE'S LANGUAGE. It is
stated in Mr. Edmund Storer's ' Peter the
Cruel,' p. 308, that after the battle of
Najara the Black Prince asked where Henry
de Trastamara was : " 'E lo bort, es mort
o' pres ? ' (' And the bastard, is he dead or
taken ? ') he asked ; and when they told
him of his escape, he answered prophetically,
with the intuition of a true general : ' Noy
ay res fait' ('Then nothing is done')."
In what language or dialect was the Prince
speaking Provenyal, Gascon, Languedocian,
Bearnais, or what ? Was it his usual lan-
guage in France and Spain ?
ALBAN DORAN.
" DIE IN BEAUTY." I have been reading
lately the phrase "in Schonheit sterben "
so often that it seems to me trite, but only
now it occurs to me that I do not know its
origin. Are readers of ' N. & Q.' in a better
position with regard to it ? G. KRUEGER.
Berlin.
ROGER GREATOREX, PAPER MANUFAC-
TURER. I should be grateful for any infor-
mation regarding the family of Roger
Greatorex, paper manufacturer. Between
1784 and 1795 he was living at Apsley Mill,
in the parish of King's Langley, Herts. A
later address may have been Two Waters
Mill, Hemel Hempstead, same county.
In 1800 he apparently had to move to
Lancaster, and wrote of getting sailing
accommodation for America ; but whether
he went or not, I do not know. His son
Lawrence was a passenger on the American
ship Washington, sailing from Lisbon in
November, 1799. This Lawrence settled in
America, and, I believe, owned and operated
the first paper mills in that country, on the
Brandywine, near Wilmington, Delaware.
I want also the names of the wives of
Roger Greatorex and his son Lawrence.
E. HAVILAND HILLMAN.
3227, Campo S. Samuele, Venice.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FOLK-LORE. In the
first report of the Council of the Folk-lore
Society, dated 29 May, 1879, it is stated :
" In April of last year it will be remembered that
the Council prepared and issued forms for the com-
pilation of a Bibliography of English Folk-lore.
But almost immediately a member came forward
and offered the use of his valuable collection, made
for a Bibliography of superstitions and religious
belief, which was the result of many years' work,
involving, among other labours, complete perusal
of the British Museum catalogues. Although this
collection was only in part available for the Society's
purpose, and did not cover all the ground which the
Bibliography of Folk-lore will occupy, the Council
very thankfully accepted this offer, and they are
8
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
able to announce as approaching completion ' The
Bibliography of Folk-lore. Compiled and edited
by Thomas Satchell.' "
More than thirty years have passed since
this announcement was made. When will
the project be realized ? W. B. GERISH.
THREAD-PAPERS. What, in early eigh-
teenth-century journalistic language, were
" thread-papers " ? As The Weekly Journal
is a very scarce news-sheet, I may quote
part of the letter in which the use of the
term twice occurs. It is from Mist's
Weekly Journal, 28 July, 1722 :
M r Mist, June 10, 1722.
The following Letter and Song were lost by a
young Lady : It will please her to have 'em again by
your Hand, and save the Looser and Finder a great
deal of Confusion. You may assure her all's safe,
if she can but stand some reading of your Journal ;
but then she must look as grave as her Father does,
when he spread your Excellencies before the Family.
I am, Yours HONOUR.
Don't mistake me for the Chamber-Maid by my
Name.
Madam, May 1, 1722.
You tell me it is your Opinion, that no man was
ever heartily in Love, without being seiz'd, at one
time or other, with a Fit of Poetry, &c.
This letter, too long to give in extenso,
is accompanied by a ' Song ' beginning
Haste, Shepherds, haste and come away,
This joyful Sun gave Cloe birth,
which is thus alluded to in the letter to the
lady :
"If my Labours are honour'd with a Station
among your Thread-Papers, I shall take it as a
happy Omen : More Labours, more Thread-Papers.
If not, e'en let them share the same Fate with the
Author, that is, be set on Fire by you "
The writer signs himself " Poor Strephon."
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
PlTT AND WlLKES ON DlSFRANCHISEMENT.
May I venture to repeat a question which
I put, without eliciting a reply, just
eighteen years since (8 S. ii. 468) ?
Where is to be found a list of the thirty-
six decayed boroughs which the younger
Pitt proposed, in 1785, to disfranchise,
and of the ten corporations which he desired
should transfer the right of return to the
citizens ? And is there extant a list of the
boroughs which Wilkes would have dis-
franchised by his proposal of 1776 ?
POLITICIAN.
GABRIEL GRANT, PREBENDARY AND ARCH-
DEACON OF WESTMINSTER. Whom and
when did he marry ? He is said to have
married twice. He died in 1638.
G. F. R. B.
MILITIA CLAIMS, 1716. The following
account is copied from an old book belonging
to the parish of Yelvertoft, Northampton-
shire :
"The particulars of the charges of the Militia
Horse provided by the Rectors of Creke, Cotesbroke.
Yelvertoft, and Coton, 1716.
The whole set of Accoutrem ts , Coat, Carbine,
Pistols, Saddle, Bridle, Billet and Housing.
Sword, &c. 06 Oo 03
Man and Horse and Charges at
North'ton 00 Oo 00
June the 4 th Man and Horse one day 00 10
Boots and Powder Horn
A new Hat
Mending the Pistols
In all 08 03 07
Mem. This was paid in ye proportion following,
viz.
Rector of Creek a 3 rd part.
Rector of Cotesbroke a 4 th part.
Rector of Coton & \ 9 ,-tha
Rector of Yelvertoft /-'
To what particular assembly of the
militia does this refer ? Is it to be assumed
that rectors of parishes generally were
charged with a special levy for militia ?
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchirigton, Warwickshire.
ANNE BOLEYN OR BULLEYN : BULLEY
FAMILY. Can any of your readers tell me
the correct way of spelling the name of the
second wife of Henry VIII. ? In the Life of
Archbishop Tait I see that he twice refers
to her, spelling the name Bulleyn. This
is the only instance I have seen of the
name being thus spelt.
In Queen Elizabeth's reign there was a
well-known doctor named Bulley, who was
said to be distantly related to the Queen. In
that case the n must have been dropped about
the middle of the sixteenth century,
question is of interest to me, as my cousin
Dr. Bulley, President of Magdalen College,
Oxford, from 1856 to 1890, considered that
his family were descended from a collateral
branch of the Boleyn or Bulleyn family.
Will any one kindly tell me when the change
in the spelling took place, if the name was
ever correctly spelt Bulleyn ? H. A. B.
[The spelling of the Queen's name was discussed
at 8 S. i. 435 ; ii. 13.]
LACY AS A PLACE-NAME. In some parts
of Surrey and I believe in other counties
" Lacy " occurs as part of the name of an
estate or village. I know of Polesden Lacy
(where Sheridan lived), Camilla Lacy (the
residence of Fanny Burney), Wilton Lacy,
and others. ,,
What is the origin of the suffix Lacy
FRANK SCHLOESSER.
ii s. in. JAX. 7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
9
JOHN HUDSON (LATE BURKITT & HUDSON).
I should much like to know when John
Hudson, printseller and publisher, 85, Cheap-
side, was carrying on his business. I have
found his label among the pasted paper on
the back of the frame of a portrait of a
general (?) officer. I should guess 1820 as
about the date of the portrait, which Hud-
son's date of business may help me to
identify. ROBERT PIERPOINT.
SA, Bickenhall Mansions, W.
* PILGRIM'S PROGRESS ' IMITATED. Who
was the author of ' The Progress of the
Pilgrim Good-Intent, in Jacobinical Times ' ?
The seventh edition was printed in 1801 by
J. Bateson. for John Hatchard of Piccadilly.
Though a little heavy, the parable is carried
on with ingenuity. There are allusions to
the elder Darwin, Fulton, and Godwin on
p. 30 ; to the guillotine, p. 123 ; and to
cosmopolitanism, pp. 159-60. The paper is
water-marked " M. & E."
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
35, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
OUNDLE. What is the origin of this place-
name ? ROBERT NEALE.
" ENNOMIC." What does this word, which
is not in the ' N.E.D.,' mean ? It occurs on
p. 147 of George Meredith's ' Tragic Come-
dians,' " Memorial Edition " :
" I would not have it on my conscience that the
commission of any deed ennomic, however un-
wonted," &c.
J. J. FREEMAN.
" CAEQEHOUIAS." In ' An Eighteenth
Century Correspondence,' p. 60, Deane
Swift, writing to Sanderson Miller, says :
" Neither is any fault so detestable as the fre-
quency of Caeqehouias. Ands, Buts, Fors, Indeeds,
&c., have cost me more pains," &c.
What are the meaning and derivation of
this word ? J. J. FREEMAN.
" CARENT " : " PATRICKSMAS " : " LUKES-
MAS." Can any reader give me the meaning
of the old Scottish word " carent " ? It
occurs several times in a diary of a Dum-
bartonshire minister of the year 1705, and
appears to refer to some ecclesiastical
assessment or interest, as " carent due to
the Mortification " ; "he came in to speak
about his carent, but brought no money " ;
" to give our obligement to transact his
debts to the value of the price [of some
land] against Whitsunday, bearing carent
from Martinmas last." The word is not to
be found in Jamieson's ' Dictionary.'
The terms " Patricksmas " and " Lukes-
mas," presumably 17 March and 18 October,
are also used in the diary. Were those
recognized term-days in Scotland at that
period ? I can find no mention of them else-
where. ANGLO-SCOT.
[The 'N.E.D.' states that "Lukesmas" is now
obsolete in Scotland, but was formerly a customary
date (18 October) for payment of accounts. The
latest example cited is from 1671, so that our corre-
spondent brings the use of the word down to the
next century.]
" INSTANT " OR " CURRENT." In ' N. & Q.*
for 26 November last (p. 440) it is said that
the late F. H. Collins died " on the 16th
inst." Are we to understand that this use
of the word " instant " is sanctioned by
' N. & Q.,' as I regret to see it is by some
dictionaries ? To our fathers it would
have sounded much like saying that a man
had died to-morrow. T. S. O.
[The use in question is, we think, generally recog-
nized.]
REV. J. SAMWELL : REV. J. PEACOCK.
I am anxious to find out what particulars
I can respecting the Rev. John Samwell
and the Rev. John Peacock, who were suc-
cessive ministers of Broadway Meeting, co.
Somerset. All I know of Mr. Samwell is
that he was in office in July, 1763, and that
a small annuity was bequeathed to him
and his successors in that year. I am told
that he relinquished his ministry to study
medicine, but that after a time he resumed
his old position. Whether this was so or
no, the first instalment under the legacy
was apparently paid on 10 March, 1765, to
Mr. Peacock, who seems to have been his
successor.
Mr. Peacock preached a sermon which was
published, and witnessed a wedding in
Broadway Church in 1768. He was still in
office in 1775, but vacated that position
shortly after, as he was succeeded by the
Rev. John Lewis in 1777. In 1766 he pub-
lished a book entitled ' Hymns and Spiritual
Songs,' designed to supersede Dr. Watts' s
compositions.
If any one can throw light on the history
of either Mr. Samwell or Mr. Peacock, I
shall be very grateful.
JOHN W. STANDERWICK.
Broadway, Ilmirister.
ROEITES OF CALVERTON. Several of the
Nottingham local histories comprise frag-
mentary notices of a sect founded about
1780 at Calverton, Notts (the birthplace of
the stocking-frame), by one John Roe, an
illiterate inhabitant of that village. The
10
NOTES AND QUERIES. tu s. m. JAN. 7, mi.
members were called Roeites, otherwise Re-
formed Quakers (although not recognized
by the Quakers proper), and the sect never
extended beyond Calverton itself, where
their one chapel and burial-ground long
ago disused are yet pointed out. William
Howitt, in one of his rural books, describes
what he saw at a service in the chapel. I
should be glad to learn if there exists any
work of reference likely to supply a definite
account of the Roeites and of their tenets.
A. STAPLETON.
ANDREW ARTER' s MEMOBIAL, HAMMER-
SMITH. Can any one throw light upon the
unpretentious stone pillar which stands in
the roadway near the corner of Beavor Lane,
Hammersmith, almost opposite Ravens-
court Park ?
The pillar in question, which is about a
yard in height, and stands about a foot from
the curb an excellent position, one cannot
help thinking, for taking a wheel off a cart
on a foggy evening bears on the side
nearest the high road the following in-
scription :
Andrew Arter
October
1877.
There are traces of wording on at least one
other side, but they are very faint. Who
was Mr. Arter ? WILLIAM MCMURRAY.
CHURCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TURRET.
I should be glad if I could be assisted to
locate the subject of a water-colour drawing,
probably 1820 or earlier, depicting the
exterior of the south side and east end of a
small stone church consisting of nave and
chancel. The nave shows a doorway and
two windows, the latter placed noticeably
high in the wall ; the chancel, a large and a
small doorway at the side, and a three-
light, square-headed east window of the
debased period. All the doors and windows
have heavy hood-mouldings. The west end
of the nave carries a square' wooden bell-
turret. The site is on high ground, with
village roofs lower on the" left, and woods
beyond. Under the east window are plain
iron rails round a tomb. W. B. H.
COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS
WAY." Will any contributor tell me the
correct reading of Cowper's words in his
famous hymn " God moves in a mysterious
way " ? The whole verse runs :
His purposes will ripen fast,
Unfolding every hour.
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the flower.
I remember seeing in ' N. & Q.' another
version of the last couplet, reading
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But wait and smell the flower.
Which is the original form ?
WATSON SURR
EXHIBITION OF 1851 : ITS MOTTO.
(US. ii. 410, 452, 493.)
THE motto " The earth is the Lord's," &c.,
must, as MR. WARD states, be regarded
as the motto of the Great Exhibition. It
was well known to be a favourite with the
Prince Consort, and in addition to its appear-
ing on the cover and title-page of the Official
Catalogue, it is placed on the title-pages of
the volumes of the Official Descriptive and
Illustrated Catalogue. These I possess, in
addition to my father's copy of the corrected
edition of the Official Catalogue. The
latter bears the imprint of Spicer Brothers,
wholesale stationers, and of W. Clowes
& Sons, printers, Contractors to the Royal
Commission. Its price was Is. in the build-
ing, and Is. 3d. if bought at the City office or
of booksellers.
At the foot of the cover are these words :
Say not the discoveries we make are our own.
The germs of every act are implanted within us,
And God our instructor, out of that which is
concealed,
Developes the faculties of invention.
This also appears in Latin on the back of
the title :
Ne nostra, ista quse invenimus, dixeris
Insita sunt nobis omnium artium semina,
Magisterque ex occulto Deus producit ingeiiia.
Underneath, the translation is given as on
the front cover (except that the third line
reads "And God our instructor, from his
concealment''), and below this is the fol-
lowing :
Humani Generis Progressus,
Ex cpmmuni omnium labore ortus,
Uniuscujusque industrial debet esse finis :
Hoc Adjuvando,
Dei opt. max. voluntatem exsequimur.
The progress of the human race,
Resulting from the common labour of all men,
Ought to be the final object of the exertion of each
individual.
In promoting this end,
We are carrying out the will of the great and
blessed God.
A short introduction states that the mottoes
were selected by Prince Albert.
This corrected edition contains a report
of the opening proceedings, the address read
ii s. in. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
by Prince Albert, the Queen's reply, and
the prayer by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
My father has written on the cover :
" Second edition, 34 pages of advertisements,
no duty." The back page is occupied by
Bennett the watchmaker, who paid 1,000
guineas for the privilege, which was the
largest sum at that time ever given for a
single advertisement. The Religious Tract
Society have the third page of the cover ;
and among others who have pages are John
Murray ; Colman of mustard fame ; C. Cox,
King William Street, Strand (devoted to
works originally published by Charles
Knight) ; and Charles Knight, 90, Fleet
Street, his Cyclopaedias and other books.
On p. 32 of Part I. of the Official Illus-
trated Catalogue it is stated that the Com-
mittee appointed
" to suggest inscriptions for the Prize Medals
recommended for the medal to be executed after
design No. 1 the following line, very slightly
altered, from Manilius (' Astronomicon,' v. 737) :
Est etiam in magno qusedam respublica mundo.
For the medal from design No. 2, the following
line from the first book of the ' Metamorphoses '
of Ovid (v. 25) :
Dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit.
For the medal design No. 3, the following line
from Claudian (' Eidyll.,' vii. 20)
Artificis tacitae quod meruere manus."
Messrs. Spicer Brothers were the exhibitors
of a large roll of paper 46 inches wide and
2,500 yards in length. This was the first
time that the public were informed that it
was possible to make paper of any length.
JOHN COLLINS FBANCIS.
I do not think NEL MEZZO is quite correct
as to the motto of the Exhibition. The
motto on the title-page of the Official Cata-
logue is " The earth is the Lord's and all that
therein is, the compass of the world and
they that dwell therein." The quotation
he gives as the motto is the inscription on one
of the medals, and the fault that he finds
with its Latin is not apparent in the intro-
duction to the Catalogue, where the offending
word "concordia" is correctly given
concordi." The quality of the Com-
mittee appointed to suggest inscriptions for
the prize medals was too high to make such
a blunder possible. The members were :
The Hon. W. E. Gladstone,
The Lord Lyttelton,
The Hon. T. B. Macaulay,
The Rev. H. G. Liddell, Head Master of
Westminster School.
J. T. STEELE,
Secretary, Spicer Bros., Ltd.
BARLOW TRECOTHICK:, LORD MAYOR (11 S.
ii. 209, 298, 335). A portrait of Barlow
Trecothick, if found, would be of interest to
Bostonians, for some of his relatives were
born here ; others lived here ; he himself
was married here on 2 March, 1747, to
Grizel Apthorp, a daughter of Charles
Apthorp of Boston ; he was a friend to the
American cause before the outbreak of the
Revolution ; and from 1765 to 1772 he was
the agent in London for New Hampshire.
He died not 2 June (as sometimes stated),
but 28 May, 1775 (London Chronicle, 27-30
May, 1775, xxxvii. 511).
His father was Capt. Mark Trecothick, a
mariner, who presumably died late in 1734
or early in 1735, as letters of administration
were granted to his widow Hannah on
22 March, 1735. The estate was inventoried
at 34Z. 2s. Barlow Trecothick' s brother
Mark, also a mariner, was married here to
Sarah Davis on 2 April, 1740. In his will,
dated 2 August, 1745, Mark appointed the
above-mentioned Charles Apthorp his exe-
cutor, and mentioned " my Hon d Mother
M rs Hannah Trecothick of Boston Widow,"
" my Sister Hannah Trecothick," and " my
Brother Edward." Charles Apthorp ren-
dered his account 7 April, 1747. The widow,
Sarah Trecothick, does not mention any
Trecothick in her will, dated 28 January,
and proved 14 February, 1750 ; but in an
account rendered 8 October, 1763, by her
executor (her brother Amos Davis) there
is the item, " To Barlow Trecothick,
1,271Z. 2s. lid."
Barlow Trecothick's sister Hannah was
born here 2 December, 1724 ; and here
married James Ivers on 23 September, 1753.
Their son James Ivers was born here 7 July,
1754 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1773 ;
took the name of Trecothick on the death
of his uncle Barlow Trecothick ; and died in
1843.
A portrait of Barlow Trecothick's first
wife, by Robert Feke, presumably taken
before her marriage, still exists (or did exist
in 1878) in Boston. She died at Addington,
Surrey, 31 July, 1769, leaving no children.
On 9 June, 1770, Barlow Trecothick married
Ann Meredith. A portrait of her by Rey-
nolds is reproduced in Graves and Cronin's
' History of the Works of Sir J. Reynolds.'
In the same work (iii. 987) Mr. C. W. Franks
says :
" I was wrong in saying that Alderman
Trecothick had no children. He had a son,
and that son an only child, a daughter, who
married Capt. Strachey, lately of Bownham,
co. Gloucester."
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. ra. JAN. 7, 1911.
This statement is inaccurate, the facts
appearing to be as follows. This " son "
was not the son of Barlow Trecothick, who
left no children, but of James Trecothick
(born Ivers). Under date of 21 February,
1777, this notice was printed in The London
Chronicle of 20-22 February, xl. 179 :
" Yesterday was married at .Spring-garden
Chapel, James Trecothick, of Addington-place, in
Surry, Esq., to Miss [Susanna] Edmonstone, eldest
daughter of Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bt."
James and Susanna (Edmonstone) Tre-
cothick had six children. The Gentleman's
Magazine for November,': 1814, p. 496,
records the following marriage :
" Oct. 14. Barlow, eldest son of J. Trecothick,
esq., to Eliza, second daughter of Rev. Dr. [John]
Strachey, archdeacon of Suffolk."
In the 1881 edition (p. 442) of Burke's
' Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage ' it
is stated that this Barlow Trecothick " has
one daughter, Eliza Margaret, wife of
Leonard M. Strachey, Esq."
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
TURCOPOLIER : KNIGHTS HOSPITALLERS
(US. ii. 247, 336, 371). It is perhaps worth
noting what were the langues, &c., in 1798,
when Bonaparte took possession of Malta.
I quote from ' An Accurate Historical
Account of all the Orders of Knighthood/
p. 9 et seq. :
" The Order was classed at that Period into
eight Languages, or Nations, viz. 1. Provence ;
2. Auvergne ; 3. France ; 4. Italy ; 5. Arragon ;
6. Germany ; 7. Castile ; and 8. Anglo-Bavaria ;
which last was added thereto, by the late Elector
Palatin Charles Theodore de Sultzbach. That
Prince conferred upon the Order all the Estates of
the suppressed Society of the Jesuits, situated in
Bavaria ; and which, at the time of their suppres-
sion, had been united to the Electoral domains.
Charles Augustus, Prince of Bretzenheim, was the
first Grand-Prior of this Nation, or Language.
He Was invested therewith in 1780 ; and resigned
that dignity in 1799, immediatelv upon the
death of the Elector.
" The Grand -Master, as well as 'the Cardinals,
enjoys the Title of Eminence ; and the Grand-
Officers of the Order, are as follows :
1. The Grand-Commander, is the oldest Mem-
ber of the Language of Provence.
2. The Marshal, of that of Auvergne.
3. The Hospitaler, of that of France.
4. The Grand-Admiral, of that of Italy.
5. The Grand -Conservator of that of Arragon.
. The Grand-Bailiff, of that of Germany.
7. The Grand-Chancellor, of that of Castile.
8. And the Turcopolier, or Captain-General of
the Cavalry, of that of Anglo-Bavaria.
A foot-note adds :
" Turcopolier, is a Term appertaining to the
Order of Malta, which, previous to the Reforma-
tion, was the Title of the Chief of the Language
of England. Turcopole signified anciently in the
Levant, a Light-Horseman, or a kind of Dragoon.
The Turcopolier had, in this Quality, the Com-
mand of the Cavalry, and of the English Marine.
Guards of the Order. The military Orders gave
this Name to those light-armed Cavaliers, who
were the Esquires, or Serving-Brothers, of the
Knights-Hospitalers of Saint John, or Knights of
Malta, of the Templars, and the Teutonic
Knights. Note of the Editor."
The book from which I quote has neither
name of author nor date. At the beginning
is ' A Dissertation upon the existing State
of Knighthood in Europe ; addressed to the
Right Honourable Horatio Viscount Nelson,*
which proves that it was written or pub-
lished some time between 22 May, 1801,
and 21 October, 1805. Though published in
London by J. White, Fleet Street, it was
printed by J. C. Briiggemann, Herrlichkeit,
Hamburgh. The above-quoted foot-note
appears merely as an editorial note, but
many of the foot-notes come from Hugh
Clark's ' Concise History of Knighthood/
1784. On pp. 15, 16, we read :
" The last Grand-Master, duly elected, was
Ferdinand Baron de Hompesch.
" On the 24th of Nov. 1798 Paul the first,
Emperor of Russia, assumed the dignity of Grand-
Master of this Order. In 1799 His Imperial
Majesty conferred the Ensigns thereof, upon the
Honourable Emma Lady Hamilton, wife of the
right Honourable Sir William Hamilton, Knight
of the Bath, late His Britannic Majesty's Envoy-
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
the Court of Naples : and upon Sir Home Popham,
a Captain of the British Navy, who received the
permission of His Sovereign to assume and wear
the same ....
" Sir Richard James Lawrence, is likewise a
Knight of this Order."
The author refers (p. 17) particularly to
Clark's ' Concise History,' to the ' History
of the Knights of Malta ' by the Abbe de
Vertot, and to Brydone's ' Toui,' presum-
ably Patrick Brydone's ' Travels through
Sicily and Malta,' London, 1774.
I mentioned at 11 S. ii. 371 that the word
Toiy>KO7rovAos appears as a Cypriote word
meaning a field-watchman. Perhaps the
word is a survival from the time (1291
1309) when the Knights of St. John were
settled at Limisso, otherwise Limasol, in
Cyprus. ROBERT PIERPOINT.
CORN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST
MILLER (11 S. ii. 508). The miller, whose
business it is to transmute raw material
into food stuff, has much in his power, and
may, conceivably, abuse his trust. From
of old his case has been proverbial, for the
practice of individuals has been sufficient
to establish a class reference. The standard
literary allusion on the subject is contained
us. m. JAN. .7, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
13.
in two lines of the delineation Chaucer gives
of his Miller in ' The Prologue,' 11. 562-3 :
Wei coude he stelen corn, and tollen thryes ;
And yet he hadde a thonibe of gold, pardee.
See the illuminating and satisfactory note
on the passage in the Clarendon Press edition
of ' The Prologue,' &c., by Dr. Morris and
Prof. Skeat.
The miller, with his privilege of "multure "
and so forth, is a robust figure in Scottish
song, his various advantages and idiosyn-
crasies having manifestly made a strong
appeal to those shrewd and candid observers
whose literary gift is now the only evidence
of their existence. One of the brightest of
their lyrics, illustrating the miller's steady
good fortune, opens thus :
Merry may the maid lie
That marries the miller,
For foul day and fair day
He 's ay bringing till her ;
Has ay a penny in his purse
For dinner and for supper ;
And gin she please, a good fat cheese,
And lumps of yellow butter.
THOMAS BAYNE.
Let MR. GERISH consult Chaucer. In the
old time every tenant was bound to grind
at the manor -mill, and the miller was paid
by a toll of the grain, which toll he took
and measured himself.
In the days of itinerant butchers they also
were suspected. Fifty years ago I can
remember street-boys shouting after the
butcher's man :
Butcher, butcher, killed a calf,
Ran away with the best half.
This was in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
I have recently written about * Itinerant
Tailors' (US. ii. 505). I might have added
itinerant butchers and pig-killers.
W. C. B.
Those interested in the subject of the toll
levied by millers will find several references
to the system as it existed in Scotland in
' The Monastery ' (chap. xiii. and notes).
Apropos of MB. GERISH' s reference to the
case of the honest miller of Great Gaddesden,
I remember reading in Milling some years
ago a paragraph about an epitaph which was
said to mark the last resting-place of an
American miller. It ran :
God works wonders now and then :
Here lies a miller an honest man.
The epitaph may possibly be apocryphal,
but it serves to show that our forefathers'
opinion of millers was by no means a flatter-
ing one. LEONARD J. HODSON.
Robertsbridge, Sussex.
Sussex lays claim to an " honest miller "
who resided at Chalvington ; but tradition
says that he throve so ill that he hanged
himself to his own mill-post. For further
particulars see Sussex Archaeological Journal
(vol. iii.)> and The Antiquary for June, 1909,
in which the subject of honest millers is
dealt with in an article on ' Sussex Wind-
mills.' P. D. M.
[ScoTUS and A. T. W. also thanked for replies.]
EMINENT LIBRARIANS (US. ii. 489, 538).
For G. H. Pertz, " Oberbibliothekar "
of the Royal Library, Berlin, see an article in
' Meyer's Konversationslexikon.' There is
an account of his son Georg Pertz, who trans-
lated Burns into German, in Briimmer's
' Lexikon der deutschen Dichter des 1&
Jahrhunderts.' G. H. Pertz's most im-
portant service to Germanic philology is his
finding the manuscript of the Old High
German ' Strassburger Blutsegen,' pub-
lished by Jakob Grimm. An account of this
monument is given in Paul's ' Grundiiss der
germanischen Philologie,' Band II., p. 66.
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
If MR. F. C. WHITE will revise his dates
from information supplied by the ' D.N.B.,'
he will find that the Rev. Henry John Todd
was born in 1763 (not 1765), Dr. David Laing
in 1793 (not 1790), and Sir Anthony Panizzi
in 1797 (not 1799). W. SCOTT.
GREAT SNOW IN 1614 (11 S. ii. 508).-
Stow refers to the severity of the winter
of 1613-14 in his annals thus :
" The 17th of January began a great Frost,
with extreame Snow \vhich continued untill
the 14th of February, and albeit the Violence of
the Frost and Snow some dayes abated, yet it
continued freezing and snowing much or little
untill the 7th of March."
Some account of this severe frost is to be
found in a contemporary chapbook, the
title-page of which runs as follows :
The Cold Yeare, 1614.
A Deepe Snowe :
In which Men and Cattell have perished,
To the generall losse of Farmers, Grasiers, Hus-
bandmen, and all sorts of People in the
Countrie ; and no lesse hurtfull to
Citizens.
Written Dialogue-wise, in a plaine Familiar Talke
betweene a London Shopkeeper, and a
North-Country-Man,
[n which, the Reader shall find many thinges for .
his profit.
mprinted at London for Thomas Langley in luie
Lane, where they are to be sold.
1015.
14
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
A reprint of this chapbook may be found
in vol. ii. of 'The Old Book Collector's
Miscellany,' edited by the late Charles
Hindley. W. C. BOLLAND,
Lincoln's Inn.
This great snow was in 1614/15 :
" January 16th began the greatest snow which
ever fell upon the earth within man's memorye.
It covered the earth fyve quarters deep upon the
playne. There fell also ten less snows in Aprill,
some a foote deep, some lesse, but none continued
long. Uppon May-day in the morning instead
of fetching in flowers the youths brought in flakes
of snow, which lay above a foot deep uppon the
moores and mountaynes (Youlgrave Register,
Derbyshire)."
" At York a heavy snow fell in January and
eleven weeks frost, and then the river Ouse over-
flowed, which flooded the streets, and lasted ten
days, destroying many bridges (Whittock's
York)."
The above quotations are from T. H.
Baker's ' Records of the Seasons, Prices of
Agricultural Produce, and Phenomena ob-
served in the British Isles.'
A. R. MALDEN.
From my transcription of the ancient
records of Whitgift's Hospital, Croydon,
I quote the following contemporary note :
" Divided among the brethren and Sisters,
in consideration of the Great Snow and cold
winter, according to the appoyntment and warrant
of my L. Grace of Canterbury, to each one the
sum of vi 8 . riii d . 'amounting in all to the sum of
x 1 . xiii 8 . iv d . (1614-15)."
ALFBED CHAS. JONAS.
An interesting and verbatim account of
the great snow will be found in The Reli-
quary, vol. iv. p. 194, taken from the Youl-
greave parish register ; also an account of a
great drought in the following spring, when
only two showers of rain fell in over four
months. " Nature always pays its debts."
A. C.
Describing the great snow in the winter
of 1614-15, Chambers (' Domestic Annals of
Scotland') quotes from Balfour's 'Annals
of Scotland,' and cites other authorities
to show the terrible severity of the season.
W. SCOTT.
CHBISTMAS MUMMERS AS MAMMALS OB
BIKDS (11 S. ii. 507). Some additional infor-
mation may perhaps be obtained from
Hone's ' Works,' edition 1845 ; an article
in Chambers' s Journal, 1848, on ' Obser-
vances of Christmas in the Olden Time ' ;
* Dorsetshire Mummers,' in The Folk-lore
Record, vol. iii. 1880 ; and Miss C. M.
Yonge's ' The Christmas Mummers, and
other Stories,' 1858.
A graphic account of a singular custom
once prevalent in Dumfriesshire, indicative
of the detestation in which the memory of
the persecutor Grierson of Lag was long held
in that part of Scotland, will be found in
' The Burns Country,' by Mr. C. S. Dougall,
1904, pp. 271-4. The observance, not
necessarily confined, however, to the Christ-
mas season, represented the persecutor as a
grotesque animal figure, crawling on all
fours in search of Whigs. ' SCOTUS.
Fosbroke, ' Antiquities,' p. 668, states
that some mummers were disguised like
bears, others like unicorns, bringing presents.
There is a small illustrated plate of these,
and a reference to Strutt's ' Sports,' 124,
189, 190. TOM JONES.
CHBISTMAS BOUGH : CHBISTMAS BUSH
(11 S. ii. 507). The Christmas bough, con-
sisting of a bundle of evergreens decorated
with oranges, apples, &c., and hung up in
the kitchen, has always been called " the
mistletoe " as long as I can remember, and
is supposed to convey the same kissing
privileges as, the actual mistletoe, which was
never seen here before the days of railways.
J. T. F.
Winterton, Lines.
In my own childhood (fifteen to twenty
years ago) at Epworth in Lincolnshire, we
never had a Christmas tree, but always a
bush of the type described by ANCHOLME.
It was formed of two wooden hoops placed
one inside the other cross-wise, and then
trimmed with evergreens, such as holly,
ivy, box, &c. Apples, oranges, and small
fancy articles were suspended from the
framework, and a light hung in the middle
or below. I have seen such bushes in other
houses not many years since in the same
place, and my father tells me they were
common in South Notts in his boyhood.
It was there called " the kissing-bush."
We called it " the holly-bush." H. I. B.
The earliest of those I knew over sixty
years ago were much the same as described
by ANCHOLME. The most used name for
them in Derbyshire was " kissing-bush,"
because at every cottage Christmas gathering
every one child, maid, lad, as well as
mother and father had to be kissed under
it, or, if it hung too low from the kitchen
beam, by the side of it, and under it all the
kissing forfeits in the games had to be
redeemed.
At one of the editorial references given I
described the making of the " Christmas
a s. in. JA. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
kissing-bush." The outer and inner hoops
of which the frame of the kissing-bush was
made were kept from year to year, for it was
lucky to do this, just as it was to keep a
portion of the " yowl-clog " with which
to light the next year's fire-log. For many
years none used the words " Santa Claus "
or " Christmas tree " : it was Father
Christmas and Christmas bush, bough, or
bunch. THOS. RATCLIFFE.
The Christmas tree, as stated in the query,
was originally " made in Germany," whence
it was brought over to this country in the
early decades of last century. Since then
it has attained so great a popularity
among us that, as regards devotion to the
Christmas tree, Britain may now be said to
be more German than Germany itself. The
Christmas bough, however, preceded the
Christmas tree, and has more claim to be
regarded as a British institution. For a
discussion of the tree as well as the bough,
see the various articles on Christmas in
Chambers' s ' Book of Days,' vol. ii. With
regard to literary references, does not
Washington Irving, in his ' Sketch Book,'
say something about the Christmas bough
as a feature in Christmas observances ?
SCOTUS.
[MR. HOLBEN MACMICHAEL also thanked for
reply.]
OWLS CALLED " CHEBUBIMS " (11 S. ii.
505). I am reminded of a story which I
heard, when a boy, from an old Cornish
great-aunt, a tale which may be condensed
thus :
One evening two miners borrowed a gun,
and went out for some unaccustomed sport.
Presently something flew across the path
in front of them ; the man with the gun
fired, and the bird fell. But when the
miners went to pick it up, they were first
amazed, then terrified, for it was a big white
owl ; they had never seen anything like it
before, and could not believe that it was a
bird. So they came to the dread conclusion
that they had shot a cherub. Filled with
horror, they rushed off to the rector, con-
fessed their crime, and asked what they
should do to save themselves from punish-
ment. Thereupon the rector, who loved a
joke, said that on Sunday they must walk
through the village to the church, each clad
in a white sheet, as a sign of penitence.
Which was done, and no evil consequences
resulted to the slayers. G. H. WHITE.
St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk.
The reason probably why the owls were
called " cherubims " was the resemblance
between owls and the winged faces that
passed for " cherubims " on headstones and
elsewhere about village churches. I have
heard a story of a lad who ran home to his
father in a terrible fright, saying, " Father,
father, I 've shotten a cherubim," thinking
he had committed some unheard-of impiety.
The father at once consoled him by telling
him it was " nowt but a hullat " (owlet)
that he had shot. J. T. F.
Winterton, Lines.
In the late Mr. Bosworth Smith's ' Bird
Life and Bird Lore,' published by John
Murray, may be seen a reproduction of an old
print in ' Sporting Anecdotes ' (1804, Albion
Press) entitled ' Cherubim Shooting.' The
white owl, which looks at times all head and
wings, is not unlike the representation of
cherubim in Christian art, in which the head
represents the fullness of knowledge implied
in the name, the wings the angelic nature.
FRANK E. COOPE.
Thurlestone Rectory, Kingsbridge, S. Devon.
ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US-
ii. 488). The lines quoted by MB. H. S.
BBANDBETH are an incorrect version of a
well-known passage in Tennyson's ' May
Queen : Conclusion,' stanza 7 :
The trees began to whisper, and the wind began
to roll,
And in the wild March-morning I heard them call
my soul.
The oratio recta of the poet has been changed
into the oratio obliqua in the query, and there
are other variations. W. S. S.
The original couplet is in Tennyson's
'May Queen.' The garbled version of it
appears, I feel sure, in a novel by either
Charles or Henry Kingsley. It is there
applied to the Guards leaving London for
the Crimea : " Surely there was many a fine
fellow who," &c. k G. W. E. RUSSELL.
JOHN BBIGHT'S QUOTATIONS (US. ii. 508).
2. Unholy is the voice
Of loud thanksgiving over slaughter'd men,
is Cowper's translation of 'Odyssey,' xxii.
412. WM. EDWABD POLLABD.
Hertford.
3. " Fortune came smiling," &c., will be
found in Dryden's ' All for Love.'
W. SCOTT.
4. " The Scipios' tomb contains no ashes
now " is from ' Childe Harold,' iv. 79.
THOMAS BAYNE.
16
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 7, ion.
' GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE ' : NUMBERING
OF VOLUMES (11 S. ii. 388, 477). I am in-
debted to MR. A. S. LEWIS for his reply, but
it is not clear to me that he solves the diffi-
culty by assuming a slip on the part of the
editor. No doubt it is true, as MR. LEWIS
points out, that the preface of fche January
to June, 1857, volume speaks of its " two
hundred predecessors " ; but this seems
to be merely a loose phrase for " two hundred
or thereby," as the immediately preceding
leaf explicitly styles the volume "the two-
hundred-and-second since the commence-
ment," and this numeration is adhered to in
subsequent volumes.
Another correspondent points out that in
the Preface to the Obituary Index printed in
1891 an attempt is made to defend the
numeration by reckoning the issue for 1782
as composed of two volumes instead of one.
But is there any justification for this ?
The numbers for 1781 run to 633 pages.
The numbers for 1782 run to 631 pages.
The numbers for 1783 run to 1067 pages.
It thus appears that the increase in bulk
suggesting the breaking-up of each year into
two parts took place in 1783, not 1782.
Further, I find that the caption-heading of
the number for July, 1783, is " The Gentle-
man's Magazine for July, 1783 : being the first
number of the second part of vol. 53 " ; while
the heading of the number for July, 1782,
lacks the italicized part. Our copy of July
to December, 1783, has an independent
title-page : " The Gentleman's Magazine
for the year 1783. Part the second." Does a
corresponding title-page exist for July to
December, 1782 ? P. J. ANDERSON.
Aberdeen University Library.
DANES' -BLOOD, A FLOWER (11 S. ii. 488).
This is a local name in Hertfordshire and
Essex applied to several plants which are
supposed to owe their origin to the blood of
slaughtered Danes. My first acquaintance
with a plant of this denomination proved
to be the Dane wort or dwarf elder, which
grew fairly freely in places by the side of the
main road between Anstey and Barkway.
Weever in his ' Antient Funeral Monu-
ments,' 1631, p. 707, referring to Bartlow,
Essex, says :
"Banewort, which with bloud - red berries
commeth up here plenteously, they still call by no
other name than Danesbloud', of the number of the
Danes that were there slaine."
Camden in his 'Britannia,' 1607, refers to
the same plant as the wall-wort or dwarf
elder. It should be noted that the elder-
berries are not red, but a reddish-black, and
yield a violet juice.
The Anemone pulsatilla or pasque-flower,
found in abundance near Ashwell, Herts, is
also known locally as Danes' -blood. Mr.
E. V. Methold in his ' Notes on Stevenage,
Herts,' remarks that in the hedges of the field
known to this day as " Danes' Blood Field "
there grows a plant called " monkshood,"
in which, during the spring, the sap turns
to a reddish colour. W. B. GERISH.
In * Tongues in Trees,' a work on plant-
lore published by George Allen in 1891, I
read at p. 48 :
"The pasque-flower, Anemone pulsatilla, a native
in the fields near Royston, is there supposed to have
grown from the blood of Danes slain in battle. The
same idea attaches in Wiltshire to the Danewort or
dwarf elder, Sambucus Ebulus ; though at the High
Cross on Watling Street near Leicester it is recorded
as having been planted by the Romans as a preser-
vative against dropsy."
W. T.
According to Folkard, the plant to which
this legend properly belongs is the dwarf
elder. He quotes Aubrey in support, who
locates the legend at S laugh terford in Wilts.
Friend says the name is given in various
places to the rose, anemone, thistle, Adonis,,
and other flowers too numerous to mention.
C. C. B.
Britten and Holland, ' Plant Names/
1886, p. 142, give three species : 1. Sambucus
Ebulus, L., Cambs, Wilts ; 2. Anemone
pulsatilla, L., Cambs, N. Essex, Norf. 3.
Campanula glomerata, L., Cambs.
S. L. PETTY.
Ulverston.
It is not only the clustered bell-flower
(Campanula glomerata) that is known as
Danes' -blood. The dwarf elder, Sambucus
Ebulus, is also known both as Danes' -blood
and Danes' -wort (Berkshire), and, as may be
seen in Salmon's ' London Dispensatory,'
was a common remedy for various ills. The
popular belief that the flower sprang
originally from the blood of the Danes which
stained the ancient battle-fields is still
common in Wiltshire, North Hertfordshire,
Hampshire, Cumberland, North Essex, and
Norfolk. In Northamptonshire the plant
is known also as Dane-weed, and Defoe in
his ' Tour through Great Britain ' speaks
of his going a little out of the road from*
Daventry to see a great camp called Barrow
Hill, and adds :
" They say this was a Danish camp, and every-
: thing hereab'out is attributed to the Danes, because
ii s. HI. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
of the neighbouring Daventry, which they suppose
to be built by them. The road hereabouts, too,
being overgrown with Dane- weed, they fancy it
sprang from the blood of Danes slain in battle ; and
that, if upon a certain day iii the year you cut it, it
bleeds." Vol. ii. p. 362.
There is a full account of the tradition in
The Gardeners' Chronicle, 1875, p. 515. See
also Prior and Britten, s.v.v. Dane wort,
Dane weed ; Aubrey's ' Natural History of
Wilts,' p. 50 ; ' Natural History and Anti-
quities of Surrey,' iv. 217, cited in ' Flowers
and Flower Lore,' by the Rev. Hilderie
Friend. 1884. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
4, Hurlingham Court, S.W.
[G. F. R. B. also thanked for reply.]
HIGH STEWARDS AND RECORDERS AT THE
RESTORATION (US. ii. 488). Sir Orlando
Bridgeman was Lord Keeper of the Great
Seal 1667-72, during which time there was
no one with the title of Lord Chancellor.
Lord Campbell in the introduction to his
' Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers
of the Great Seal of England,' 1845, vol. i.
p. 20, cites 5 Eliz. c. 18, which declares
that " the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
for the time being shall have the same place,
pre-eminence, and jurisdiction as the Lord
Chancellor of England."
He continues :
" Since then there of course never have been a
Chancellor and Keeper of the Great Seal concur-
rently, and the only difference between the two
titles is, that the one is more sounding than the
other, and is regarded as a higher mark of royal
favour."
Will MRS. SUCKLING give her reference
for the statement that Roger Gollop was
M.P. for Southampton in 1659, and say
whether Southampton means the county or
the borough ? There is no Roger Gollop in
the Index of the Official (Blue-book) Return
of Members of Parliament. This does not
prove that there was no such member, as
the seventeenth-century lists are not perfect.
George Gollopp, or Gollop, or Gallopp,
alderman, sat for Southampton borough in
the Parliaments of 17 May, 1625 12 August,
1625 ; of 6 February, 1625/615 June, 1626 ;
of 17 March, 1627/810 March, 1628/9 ; and
of 1640 (Long Parliament).
In the Parliament of 13 April, 1640
5 May, 1640, Southampton borough was
represented by Sir John Mill, Bt., and
Thomas Levingstonne, Esq. In the next
the Long Parliament one of the two mem-
bers was George Gollopp (see above). In
the next, 3 September, 1654 22 January,
1654/5, John Lisle, Esq., one of the Lords
Commissioners of the Great Seal, and Re-
corder of Southampton, appears alone as
member for the borough.
In the lists of the next three Parliaments,
viz., of 1656, 1658/9, and 1660, the borough
does not appear. It reappears in that
of 1661 with two members.
In the list of the Parliament of 1658.9,
which lasted less than three months, there
were two members for Southampton county :
one of unknown name ("Return torn"),
the other Robert Wallopp, Esq., of Fare
Wallopp, co. Southampton. About that
time a Wallopp generally sat for the county.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
There was no Lord Chancellor in 1671.
Clarendon surrendered the Great Seal on
30 August, 1667. It was given to Shaftes-
bury on 17 November, 1672. During the
intervening period Sir Orlando Bridgeman
was Lord Keeper. EDWARD BENSLY.
A great deal of valuable matter relating
to High Stewards will be found in Webb's
' English Local Government, vols. ii. iii.
ROLAND AUSTIN.
Public Library, Gloucester.
[G. F. R. B., DIEGO, M., and MB. W. SCOTT also
thanked for replies.]
DANTE, RUSKIN, AND A FONT (11 S. ii.
469). Dante says himself (' Inferno,' xix.
1920), when speaking of the punishment
of the Simonists :
" I saw the livid stone, on the sides and on the
bottom, full of holes, all of one breadth ; and each
was round. Not less wide they seemed to me, nor
larger, than those that are in my beauteous San
Giovanni made for stands to the baptizers ; one of
which, not many years ago, I broke to save one that
was drowning in it :
L'un delli quali, ancor non e molt' anni,
Rupp' io per uri che dentro ri annegava."
A. R. BAYLEY.
Miss SUMNER : MRS. SKRINE OR SKREENE
(11 S. ii. 389, 475). I have a copy of the
Chippendale book-plate of Wm. Brightwell
Sumner of Hatchlands, East Clandon,
Surrey, with a bequest label attached, " The
Bequest of my Brother, the Rev d D r Rob
Carey Sumner," which is enclosed in a
floral wreath, c. 1770. The arms are :
Ermines, two chevronels or, a crescent gu.
for difference, impaling. . . .a stag trippant
. . . .for Holme. Crest, a lion's head erased
.... ducally gorged ....
There is another book-plate of this family,
viz., a festoon armorial, c. 1780, for Geo.
Holmne Sumner, armiger, of Hatchlands ;
but I have not a copy of it.
18
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 7, 1911.
There is a pedigree of the Sumners of
Hatchlands in Burke' s ' Landed Gentry,'
5th ed. It also appears in other editions.
CHAS. HALL CROUCH.
48, Nelson Road, Stroud Green, N.
ELIZABETH WOODVILLE AND THE KINGS OF
COLOGNE (11 S. ii. 449). The attempt to
connect Elizabeth Woodville with one of
the three Kings of Cologne is, I fear, a hope-
less undertaking. It was doubtless through
her mother, Jaquette or Jacqueline, that the
connexion (if such there was) existed. But
the difficulties in the way of tracing her
descent seem insuperable. In Cologne, I
believe, the names assigned to the three
Kings are Gaspar (or Jaspar), Melchior, and
Balthazar. There are, however, at least
four other accounts, in every one of which the
names are different. From an origin so
obscure and nebulous, it appears impossible
to deduce the pedigree of the Lady Eliza-
beth Woodville with anything approaching
accuracy. W. S. S.
BABIES AND KITTENS (11 S. ii. 509).
Miss Charlotte Leatham in an article on
West Sussex superstitions lingering in 1868
(Folk - lore Eecord, i. 18) says : " The belief
that a baby and a kitten cannot thrive in the
same house is far from being peculiar to
Sussex."
Norfolk people hold the same view, and
they will not hesitate to drown a cat if it
is ailing when there is an infant about.
W. B. GERISH.
LOWTHEBS v. HOWARDS : A SUPERSTITION
UPSET (11 S. ii. 504). I first heard the saying
mentioned, "A Lowther cannot beat a
Howard," during the recent election. If
it is of long standing ("a century and a
half," The Morning Post says), it is difficult to
see how it could have any foundation on
fact. In the Parliaments of 1695, 1698,
1700, 1701, and 1780 Carlisle, and in those of
1679, 1806, 1807, 1812, and 1818 Cumber-
land, each of which was a two-seat con-
stituency, returned both a Lowther and a
Howard. This must have meant either a
compromise or such a balance of power
as gave no advantage to either family. The
expression " A Lowther cannot beat a
Howard," or, as I heard it, "A Lowther has
never beaten a Howard," implies a number
of contests at the polls in which a Howard
was uniformly successful over a Lowther.
I do not find that the political history of
Cumberland and Westmorland affords any
Confirmation of such a view. DIEGO.
Leland's Itinerary in England. Edited by Lucy
Toulmin Smith. Parts IX., X., and XI. (Bell
& Sons.)
THIS volume marks the conclusion of the valuable
and scholarly work upon which Miss Toulmin
Smith has been long engaged. Of its contents,
one part only, Part X. having to do with
Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Wilts, Somerset, Glouces-
tershire, and Dorset is in the nature of con-
tinuous narrative. The remainder 'consists of
miscellaneous notes in Latin and English, those
in Part XI. having formed to some extent the
basis of the more connected disquisitions in the
earlier portions of the Itinerary. An interesting
Appendix to Part X. sets forth a ' Note ' by
Thomas Hearne on the building of the bridge
between Culham and Abingdon, concluding with
the cita,tion of a " table " put up by " Mr.
Richard Fannand, iron-monger," in the Hall of
St. Helen's Hospital, wherein the details of the
enterprise labour, material, and dimensions
are set forth in pious and enthusiastic verse.
This, the final volume, is supplied with every-
thing necessary towards perfecting the work as
a whole, and facilitating references. The Preface
contains an additional note of the Leland MSS.
in the British Museum ; there is a ' Conspectus
of English and Welsh Counties ' touched upon
by the traveller. ; a list of the ' Maps and Illustra-
tions in the Five Volumes ' ; 'A Concordance of
the Present Edition of Leland's Itinerary with
Hearne's Printed Text, Second Edition, 1744 ' ;
and a ' Glossary ' of ' Archaic Words and Senses ' ;
while the two general Indexes, of ' Persons and
Landowners ' and ' Places and Subjects ' respec-
tively, which have reference to the volumes pre-
ceding as well as the present, are, so far as we have
been able to test them, wonderfully accurate.
By her thorough and painstaking performance
of a task which has demanded infinite patience
and scrupulous care, no less than learning and
critical insight of a high order, Miss Toulmin
Smith has earned the gratitude not only of
antiquaries, but also of those less responsible
persons who love to dabble in local history and
tradition for the romance that is in them.
IN The Cornhill Magazine for the new year Mrs.
Humphry Ward begins a new novel, ' The Case of
Richard Meynell,' another story of theological
difficulties, and Mr. and Mrs. Egerton Castle
a lively story, ' The Lost Iphigenia.' Mr. J.
Meade Falkner has a pleasant poem on ' Oxford.'
Mrs. Woods's ' Pastel ' is concerned with ' Black
and White,' and finds something to say in favour of
the former. Sir Frederick Pollock in ' Arabiniana'
deals with the odd sayings of Serjeant Arabin, an
original character who administered justice from
1827 till 1841. His best-known saying, and we
think his best the others are nothing like so
witty is current in some such words as
" Prisoner, God has given you good abilities,
instead of which you go about the country stealing
ducks." For " good abilities " we have generally
heard " health and strength." Mrs. S. A.
Barnett has a short, but sensible article ' Of
Town Planning.' ' Marlborough's Men,' by Col.
Hugh Pearse, is suggestive, but rather too much
of a summary^to please us. " Q." has a lively
ii s. in. JAN. 7, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
19
account of ' The Election Count ' in his own dis-
trict, the hopes and fears and amenities of such
occasions. Sir James Ypxall in ' A Great Game
at Hide and Seek ' explains how Bruslart worried
Napoleon. His fantastic style is full of affecta-
tion. Mr. A. C. Benson's personal sketch this
month is concerned with ' J. K. S.,' and gives a
highly interesting view of that brilliant and eccen-
tric figure. The first of a series of " Examina-
tion Papers " on famous authors is begun this
month by a number of questions on Lamb which
are set by Mr. E. V. Lucas. For the best answers
two guineas are offered.
The Fortnightly for the year is an exceptionally
interesting number. Mr. J. L. Garvin's notes
on the present political situation are not con-
vincing, and are spoilt for us by idle repetition.
Mr. Walter Sichel in ' Second Thoughts ' is also
on the Conservative side, while Mr. Belloc in ' The
Change in Politics ' abuses both sides, and has
good reason, we think, for much that he con-
demns. Mr. Granville Barker has an account of
' Two German Theatres ' which suggests abun-
dant reflections concerning the mismanagement
of our own stage and the recent failure of reper-
tory. What Mr. Barker says should be carefully
considered by all who care for the drama in this
country. ' Post - Impressionists ' supply Mr.
Walter Sickert with a subject for incisive criticism.
A painter himself, Mr. Sickert writes with marked
ability and verve on the artists who have come
after the Impressionists of his earlier days. In
' Impressions of Congress ' Mr. Sydney Brooks
brings out very well the free and easy manners of
American politicians as compared with our own.
Washington and Westminster are widely different
in their observances. Any one can go past the
doors of the national Capitol, smoke in corridors,
and take any seat in the great public galleries
which happens to be vacant. In the House of
Representatives " each member has a revolving
arm-chair and a spacious desk in front of it."
' A Candid Colloquy on Religion ' should attract
attention, as it exhibits cleverly three typical
points of view, the believer of the party being a
Roman Catholic.' Mr. Sidney Low writes on
' The End of the Old Constitution ' with the
experience of an old hand ; and Mr. W hitelaw Reid
reprints an address on ' Byron ' delivered to
inaugurate a proposed Byron Chair of English
Literature. Mr. Francis Gribble has an article
on ' Tolstoy ' which brings into relief some of the
important points and inconsistencies in the career
of that thinker and artist. ' Benlian,' a story by
Mr. Oliver Onions, is a weird and effective study
in morbid influences ; and Mr. Lennard's fourth
section of his hero ' In Search of Egeria ' deals
with a modern, neurotic type of woman.
Ix the two opening papers of The Nineteenth
Century Lord Ribblesdale and Lord Dunraven
discuss the results of the recent election. Mr.
Harold Cox speaks of the Referendum as ' A
Great Democratic Reform ' necessary to cope with
"misrepresentation by groups of log-rolling
politicians." He hopes it may come into force in
a few years. Lady Paget's ' Recollections of
Copenhagen in the 'Sixties ' are chiefly concerned
with the difficulties in the choice of the Danish
King of Greece, whose father Prince Christian
was, at first, decidedly opposed to separation
from his son. Sir Edward Clayton considers ' The
Home Secretary and Prison Reform,' providing,
we think, some useful and shrewd criticism.
Capt. G. S. C. Swinton is in favour of 'A " King
Edward " Bridge ' as a memorial. Hungerford
Bridge and Charing Cross Station are, it is
argued, unworthy of their prominence. They are
either to make way altogether, " the station
moving bodily to a more convenient position
elsewhere," or to be included in one great recon-
struction scheme. This might be very fine, but
the expense would be prohibitive. The second!
part of ' The Married Working Woman : a Study,'
is well worth reading. Of ' Carillon Music,' as
Mr. E. B. Osborn says, little is known in England.
He speaks of the triumphs achieved by various
artists at the meeting of bell-masters in Mechlin.
M. Denyn is the master of them all, and performs,
we learn, on a set of thirty-five bells at Cattistock
in Dorset every year on the last Thursday in July.
This is the only keyboard carillon of any conse-
quence in the country, but perhaps some of our
latest towers will be provided with bell-music..
Mrs. Watherston gives a lively and interesting
account of ' An Outpost of our Empire,' viz.,
Tamale in West Africa, which she was the first
white woman to inhabit. Other articles are con-
cerned with English sculpture, education, small
holdings, and democracy, but we regret to firkl
that no single paper deals with letters.
Ix The Burlington Magazine the ' Editorial '
deals with ' National Memorials and Selection
Committees.' The competition for the statue of
King Edward should, it is said, be thrown open
to all artists of the British Empire, and the designs
be on show in some large central building during
the period of the Coronation this year, when
Colonial and Indian officials may be able to select
those of them suitable for local requirements. The
jury of selection is then discussed. We agree that
it should foe possible, and is desirable, to get
eminent foreigners to help ; and we also applaud
the idea of using the services of ' : a certain number
of men of general critical knowledge and familiarity
with the masterpieces of older sculpture." The
statue, after all, is not to be viewed mainly
by sculptors, who, like other artists, are apt to
ignore the claims of general design in favour of
some technical subtlety or merit. Mr. Roger
Fry writes on ' A Portrait of Leonello D'Este '
by Roger Van der Weyden which is figured in
colours in the frontispiece, the coat of arms on
the reverse side being also reproduced on a plate.
Mr. Lionel Cust continues in his ' Notes on Pic-
tures in the Royal Collections ' discussion of Van
Dyck's splendid equestrian portraits of Charles I.
M. Paul Lafond has discovered an interesting
subject for discussion in ' Ox- Yokes in the North
of Portugal,' the designs on which approach a
primitive character, though the actual specimens
secured are, in fact, contemporary work. They
are certainly beautiful, and offer a fascinating
field for the tracing of design down the ages. A
similar study is afforded by a plate in which Sir
Martin Conway puts together pictures of two
fourteenth-century chests.
Of the remaining articles and notes we mention
specially a clever plea for the Post-Impressionists
by Mr. A. Clutton- Brock, and information from a
foreign correspondent concerning forthcoming
letters of Van Gogh. It is noted that the ' St.
Sebastian' of Mantegna has been moved from
the village of Aigue-Perse to the Louvre.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 7, wn.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
r MR. ANDREW BAXENDINE'S Edinburgh
Catalogue 121 contains some new books as well as
second-hand ones and remainders. We note the
' Wellington Despatches,' with index, 13 vols.,
II. 5s. ; and Bewick's 'Birds ' and ' Quadrupeds/
-3 vols., half-morocco, Newcastle, 1816-21,
II. 10s. Under Alpine is VVooster's ' Alpine
Plants,' 2 vols., fine copy, 1Z. 10s. The " Ancient
Classics for English Readers," 28 vols. in 14,
half-calf, are II. 5s., and " Aldine Poets," 51 vols.,
cloth, as new, 21. 2s. Billings's ' Antiquities of
Scotland,' 4 vols., 4to, half-morocco, 1845-52, a
handsome copy, is 4Z. 10s. 6d. ; and the reprint,
1901, 21. Under Scotland is a complete set of the
historians of Scotland, together 10 vols., cloth,
1871-80, 31. 15s. Qd. Under Scott are several
entries, including 'The Border Antiquities,'
2 vols., 4to, old red morocco, 1814, 21. 2s. Under
Burns are the first London edition with list of
subscribers, red morocco, 1787, 3Z. 10s. 6d. ;
and Allan Cunningham's edition, 8 vols., blue
morocco, 21. 2s. The list, which is a varied one,
contains fifteen hundred items.
Mr. F. C. Carter's Hornsey Catalogue 27 is
devoted to Americana. There are in all four
hundred items at moderate prices. A collection
of trials, 29 pamphlets, 1795-1852, may be had
for 21. 12s., and 11 Civil War pamphlets, 1849-65,
for 12s. Qd.
Mr. Carter sends also (Extra Series 4) a Cata-
logue of Deeds, Charters, and Autograph Letters.
There are many documents relating to Gibbon,
with some unpublished correspondence. Under
;St. Pancras is part of a plan showing a tea garden,
and there is an item of special interest at the
E resent time, a collection of 56 Peers' Proxies,
lank, early nineteenth century, with signatures
of Selkirk, Clinton, Shaftesbury, Verulam, Mac-
aulay, and others, II. 5s.
Mr. George Gregory of Bath includes in his
Catalogue numbered 199-200 the rare mezzotint
' The Daughters of Sir Thomas Frankland,'
engraved by Ward after Hoppner, published
21 April, 1800, a magnificent impression,
100 guineas. Among the books are Fathers of
the Church, miscellaneous Theology, Clark's
" Foreign Theological Library," and Greek and
Latin classics. Works from the library of the
late Canon Griffiths comprise Atkyns's ' Glouces-
tershire,' folio, 1768, 3Z. 15s. ; ' Percy Anecdotes,'
40 vols. in 20, 1Z. 7s. ; Skelton's ' Oxonia Antiqua
Restaurata,' 2 vols., imperial 4to, 1823, 2Z. 2s. ;
and Foxe's ' Book of Martyrs,' black-letter,
3 vols., folio, 1641, 4Z. 10s. There are some recent
purchases, among which are ' The American
Atlas,' 1775, 6Z. ; and Ackermann's ' Cambridge,'
2 vols., imperial 4to, half-morocco, 1815, a
brilliantly coloured copy, 13Z. Under Bath are
Nattes's Views, 28 coloured plates, royal folio,
handsomely bound in calf, 1806, 9Z.
Mr. W T . M. Murphy's Liverpool Catalogue 160
contains the Transactions and Proceedinys of the
Society of Biblical Archaeology, 1872-93, i3Z. 10s. ;
a handsome set of Punch, original issue, 1841-
1909, 137 vols. in 69 yearly volumes, half-morocco,
27Z. 10s. ; the Abbotsford Scott, 17 vols., half-
vellum, 1842-6, 10?. ; and the Dauphin edition of
Boileau, 2 vols., large 4to, morocco, a choice
copy, Paris, 1789, 5Z. 5s. Under Byroniana is the
first edition of the ' Genuine Rejected Addresses,'
original boards, very scarce, 1812, 4Z. Under
Ceramic is Hobson's 'Worcester Porcelain,'
6Z. 6s. A copy of ' The Century Dictionary,'
8 vols., full morocco, gilt, is priced 61. Among
many Dickens items is an extra-illustrated copy
of the first 8vo edition with autograph letter of
Dickens, levant, 1839, 6Z. 10s. Other works
include ' The Historians' History of the World,'
Times edition, 1907, 11Z. 10s. ; Smyth's ' Roman
Medals,' 1Z. 5s. ; Montaigne's ' Essais,' Paris,
1600, 4Z. 10s. ; the first edition of Rogers's ' Italy,'
1830, 2Z. 10s. ; and Spotiswoode's ' Church of
Scotland, 'fourth edition, 1677, 2Z. 10s. Dodsley's
' Collection of Old English Plays,' a fine fresh set,
is 7Z. 7s. Under Constable are a pair of mezzo-
tints, fine impressions, 15 guineas; also 'The
Rainbow,' 4 guineas.
Messrs. W. N. Pitcher & Co.'s Manchester
Catalogue 189 contains all classes of literature.
There is a large-paper copy of Angelo's ' Remi-
niscences,' limited to 75 copies ; also a large-
paper copy of ' The Picnic,' limited to 50 copies,
together 3 vols., royal Svo, half-morocco, 1904-5,
5Z. 5s. Under Art Sales is Redford's ' History of
Sales of Pictures,' 2 vols., scarce, 1888, 9Z. There
is a set of the " Badminton Library of Sports
and Pastimes," 30 vols., half blue morocco, 7Z. 10s.;
and the Caxton Edition of ' La Com^die Humaine,'
4Z. The Haworth Edition of the Brontes' works,
7 vols., is, 3Z. 7s. Qd. There are also the Cole-
ridge and Prothero edition of Byron, the 17-
volume edition of Browning, the Vierge edition
of ' Don Quixote,' Ormerod's ' Cheshire,' and
Fielding, 11 vols., with Life by Murphy. An
extra-illustrated Lysons's ' Magna Britannia,'
extended to 10 vols., half -morocco, 1806-22, is
16Z. 10s. Under Manchester are 12 original
pencil drawings by Melton Prior, depicting scenes
during the visit of the Prince and Princess of
Wales in 1887, 71. 10s.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
WE beg leave to state that we decline to return
communications which, for any reason, we do not
print, and to this rule we can make no exception.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ' "Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
Lucis (" Terrible Vautrin "). Vautrin is a
desperate criminal in Balzac's ' Le Pere Goriot.'
XYLOGRAPITER (" Gruneisen "). He was for
some years musical critic of The Athcmceum, and
died in 1879. See life in ' D.N.B.'
CORRIGENDUM. 11 S. ii. 512, col. 1, 1. 4, for
' Balser " read Baker.
ii s. in. JAN. 14, ion.] NOTES AND QUEEIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY U, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 55.
NOTES : Shelley and Leigh Hunt, 21 Statues and
Memorials in the British Isles, 22 The Earliest Tele-
graphy, 24 Sir John Chandos James Forsyth " Elze "
=Already, 25 Longfellow on Dufresny, 26.
QUERIES: Sophie Dawes Miss Wykeham Alderman
Wilcox, 27 Benjamin D'Israeli of Dublin Teesdale
Legion Capt. Witham and the Siege of Gibraltar-
Grange Court, St. Clement Danes Thackeray and
Pugilism Thackeray and the Stage T. J. Thackeray
O. Goldsmith, B.A., 28 M. G. Drake Richard
Heylin W. J. Lockwood T. Coryat and Westminster
School Authors Wanted " Teetotal " Ha.ckney and
Tom Hood Miss Pastrana Lady Elizabeth Preston,
29 County Coats of Arms Coroner of the Verge Crowe
Families, 30.
BEPLIES : Poor Souls' Light: " Totenlaterne," 30 Early
Graduation Colani and the Reformation, 32 Henry of
Navarre and the Three-Handled Cup Gordons at West-
minster School, 33 Sir Walter Raleigh and Tobacco
' Young Folks ' Itinerant Tailors, 34 Westminster
Chimes "Sackbut" Knots in Handkerchiefs Corpse
Bleeding Artephius, ' De Characteribus Planetarum,' 35
Elephant and Castle in Heraldry Puns on Payne The
Brown Sex, 36 Fores's Musical Envelope Bohemian
Musical Folk-lore Al fieri in England Lady Conyngham
Bishop Luscombe " Yorker," 37 Viscount Ossington
" Tenedish," 38.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'The Romance of Bookselling'
The National Review.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
SHELLEY AND LEIGH HUNT.
IN that very interesting compilation, ' Recol-
lections of the Table Talk of Samuel Rogers,'
the poet is reported to have said :
" Before meeting Shelley in Italy, I had seen
him only once. It was in my own house in
St. James' Place, where he called upon me
introducing himself to request the loan of some
money which he wished to present to Leigh Hunt ;
and he offered me a bond for it. Having nume-
rous claims upon me at that time, 1 was obliged
to refuse the loan."
Prior to its final acceptance, a part of that
statement seems to require revision. I do
not think that Shelley before April, 1816, had
any necessity to raise money for Leigh
Hunt.
Prof. Dowden in a note (' Life of Shelley,'
vol. ii. p. 181) says : " When it was that he
[Shelley] called on Rogers to request a loan
for Leigh Hunt I cannot tell."
While not disputing the fact that Shelley
did call upon Rogers earlier than April, 1816,
to borrow money, I submit that there is no
evidence whatever that the money was
intended for Leigh Hunt. I think it can be
shown that the loan was requested for God-
win, and that the date of Shelley's visit to
Rogers was May, 1814.
When, in February, 1813, Leigh Hunt and
his brother were sentenced to two years'
imprisonment, and a fine of 500?. each, for
publishing a libel on the Prince Regent,
Shelley, who was then at Tremadoc in Wales,
wrote, on or about 19 February, to Hook-
ham, and begged him to raise a subscription
to pay Hunt's fine. Towards that object
Shelley sent 201. When it was pointed out
that neither of the Hunts would accept
pecuniary assistance, Shelley wrote direct
to Leigh Hunt, at that time in prison, and
offered to pay either the whole, or a great
part of the fine. This princely offer was at
once declined by both the brothers Hunt,
and there is no reason to believe that the
question was ever reopened. As a matter
of fact, Leigh Hunt was not personally
known to Shelley until December, 1816,
which was long after the period indicated by
Rogers.
That the visit to Rogers must have taken
place prior to Byron's departure from
England, in April, 1816, is proved by Rogers
himself, who states that on the same day that
Shelley called, Byron dined with him. Prof.
Dowden tells us (' Life of Shelley,' vol. ii.
p. 61) that in December, 1816, Mary became
aware that Shelley had either given or con-
veyed to Leigh Hunt a considerable sum
of money, possibly for his private wants.
This is the first intimation of any gift of
money by Shelley to Leigh Hunt, and can
have had no connexion whatever with
Samuel Rogers. On the other hand, it is
on record that in March, 1814, Shelley's
affairs were in a critical condition. He
wrote to his father to say that he could no
longer delay raising money by the sale of
post-obit bonds. Two months later, in
May, 1814, Shelley tried very hard to raise
money, but not for Leigh Hunt, who was not
in need of money at that time. Shelley-
wished to assist Godwin (Dowden, vol. i.
pp. 417-18), with whose daughter he eloped
at the end of July.
In May, 1815, Shelley gave Godwin
1,OOOZ., and in the following month the poet
became entitled to an income of 1,OOOZ. a
year. He had then certainly no occasion to
borrow money from Rogers, for he was, at
that time, decidedly prosperous. " Re-
lieved from poverty and the oppression of
debt," says Prof. Dowden, he longed to get
out of London, and to find some haven of
peace with Mary Godwin. Again, in
January, 1816, Shelley agreed to sell an
annuity for Godwin's benefit ; but not one
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. H, 1911.
word is mentioned of Leigh Hunt's neces-
sities until the following December.
In these circumstances it seems likely,
either that Rogers may have forgotten,
or perhaps in the first instance mistaken,
the object for which Shelley begged a loan ;
or that the compiler of the ' Table Talk *
may have misunderstood the allusion. It
appears to be only bare justice to a man who,
in after years, was not so scrupulous, to
remember that, in the hours of adversity
which he passed in prison, he showed a fine
spirit of independence.
RICHARD EDGCUMBE.
Edgbarrow, Orowthorne, Berks.
STATUES AND MEMORIALS IN THE
BRITISH ISLES.
(See 10 S. xi. 441 ; xii. 51, 114, 181, 401 ;
11 S. i. 282; ii. 42, 242, 381.)
I AGAIN desire to thank all correspondents,
anonymous and otherwise, who have supplied
information.
Having given a first instalment of Queen
Victoria Memorials at the last reference, I
devote the present contribution mainly to
Memorials of Prince Albert, after which I
must proceed to other subjects now demand-
ing attention.
ROYAL PEESONAGES (continued).
Hastings. About the centre of the town,
on a site where seven roads converge, stands
the Albert Memorial. It is 65 feet high,
and was erected by public subscription at a
cost of 860Z., to the memory of Prince
Albert, consort of Queen Victoria. Above
the entrance door of the tower is inscribed :
" Erected to Albert the Good, in the year
of our Lord 1862." Higher up on the same
side is a statue of the Prince, represented
in the robes of a Knight of the Garter.
Above the statue is an illuminated clock.
A drinking fountain is incorporated in the
lower portion of the tower. The memorial
is from designs by Mr. E. A. Heffer of Liver-
pool.
Edinburgh. A bronze equestrian statue
of Prince Albert stands in the centre of
Charlotte Square Gardens. The Prince is
represented in the uniform of a. field-marshal.
On the granite pedestal are bronze bas-reliefs
depicting events in his life : (E. ) his marriage,
(W.) opening of the Great Exhibition of 1851,
(N.) distributing Orders, (S.) the Queen and
Prince surrounded by their children. At the
angles between are groups representative of
(1) Art and Science, (2) Labour, (3) Nobility,
(4) Service. The statue is the work of the
late Sir John Steell, and the groups are by
other sculptors. The work cost nearly
16,000?., and was inaugurated by Queen
Victoria on 17 August, 1876. On the evening
of the ceremony the sculptor received the
honour of knighthood from his sovereign at
Holyrood Palace.
Ramsey, Isle of Man. On 20 September,
1847, the Royal Yacht with the Queen and
Prince Albert on board anchored in Ramsey
Bay. The Queen remained on board, but
the Prince Consort landed and visited
several points of interest in the neighbour-
hood. The party had again embarked
before the inhabitants were aware of the
visit. A subscription was shortly after-
wards started to erect a suitable memorial
of the event. It consists of a tower 45 feet
high, built of granite and slate, and furnished
with a winding stairway in the interior. Over
the doorway is inscribed :
" Erected on the spot where H.R.H. Prince-
Albert stood to view Ramsey and its neigh-
bourhood during the visit of her most gracious
Majesty Queen Victoria to Ramsey Bay, the 20th
of September, 1847."
Belfast. At the bottom of High Street,
near the Quay, is the fine clock-tower
known as " The Albert Memorial." It was
erected by public subscription, was begun
in 1865, and completed in 1868. It rises to
a height of 138 feet, and was constructed
from the designs of Mr. W. J. Barre. On
the side facing High Street is a statue of the
Prince ; and the tower terminates with a
clock-chamber, open belfry, and spire.
Balmoral. On Craig-lour-achin, one of the*
most beautiful hills near Balmoral, a statue
of Prince Albert stands on the apex of a
pyramid or cairn of rough granite blocks.
The Prince is represented clad in Highland
costume, and bare-headed. His right hand
rests upon the head of a large collie-dog
standing beside him. The inscription con-
tains the following quotation from the
Apocryphal Wisdom of Solomon (chap. iv.
verses 13 and 14) :
" He, being made perfect in a short time,
fulfilled a long time. For his soul pleased the Lord,
therefore hasted He to take him away from among
the wicked."
Lochlee Forest, Braemar. At a spot in
this forest known as Hall o' Craig o' Doon
is a well from which Queen Victoria and
Prince Albert once drank. The eleventh
Earl of Dalhousie, who owned the demesne,
placed over the well a memorial stone,,
bearing the lines :
Rest, traveller, on this lonely green,
And drink and pray for Scotland's queen*
ii s. m. j.. ii, j9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Beneath this couplet is inscribed as follows :
" Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His Royal
Highness the Prince Consort visited this well and
drank of its refreshing waters, the 20th of Septem-
ber, 1860. The Year of Her Majesty's Great
Sorrow."
Balmoral Palace. Over the entrance door
to the great tower is a richly carved panel.
The globose centre is thus inscribed :
This
Castle of Balmoral
was erected by
R.R.H. Prince Albert
Consort of
H.M. Queen Victoria
Begun Sept. 28th 1853
Completed Sept. Istll856
Tenby. On the Castle Hill stands the
Welsh Memorial of Prince Albert. It was
designed and executed by Mr. John Evan
Thomas at a cost of 2,2501. The Prince is
represented in the attire of a field-marshal,
and wearing the regalia of the Order of the
Garter. The statue was unveiled by Prince
Arthur (Duke of Connaught) in 1865. The
inscription is in Welsh.
Wolverhampton. In the centre of Queen's
Square is a bronze equestrian statue of Prince
Albert. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria
on 30 November, 1866.
Liverpool. A bronze equestrian statue of
Prince Albert is in St. George's Place.
On the front of the granite pedestal is in-
scribed :
Albert, Prince Consort
Born 1819, Died 1861.
And on the back :
" This statue of a wise and good Prince was
erected by the Corporation of Liverpool, October,
1800."
It was modelled by Thos. Thornycroft, and
cost 6,000?.
St. Peter Port, Guernsey. A replica of the
statue of Prince Albert formerly in the
gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society,
and now placed near the entrance to the
Royal Albert Hall, London, commemorates
the visit of the Queen and Prince to the
island in August, 1846. It is erected near
the spot where they landed, and represents
the Prince in the robes of the Order of the
Garter. It was cast in copper at a cost of
1,200?.
St. Anne, Alderney. A gateway leading
into the churchyard was " Erected by the
people of Alderney " to commemorate
the visit of the Queen and Prince Albert in
1846. It is inscribed : " Albert, 1846."
Aberdeen. In Union Street, near Union
Bridge, is Marochetti's statue of Prince
Albert. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria
on 13 October, 1863.
The following relate to. other royal',
personages :
Lichfield. On 30 September, 1908, the
Earl of Dartmouth unveiled a statue of
King Edward VII. which had been presented
to the city by Mr. Robert Bridgman, the
sculptor, in commemoration of his year of
office as Sheriff.
Medallion portraits of King Edward and
Queen Alexandra, affixed to the front of
the Lichfield Guildhall, were unveiled on
17 September, 1910.
Hickleton, Yorkshire. In the proximity
of Hickleton Hall, the seat of Viscount Hali-
fax, a King Edward memorial cross has
recently been erected. The cross, which
stands about 20 feet high, is constructed of
Portland stone, with local stone forming the
base. In the centre of the cross itself is
carved on the front a figure of the B. V.
Mary bearing our Lord in her arms, and at
the back are the three lions of England. The
following is inscribed at the base :
" To Edward the Seventh, King of England.
This Cross is erected in memory of the past by
Charles Lindley, Viscount Halifax, his faithful
subject and servant, May 6th, 1910.
" Grant him, O Lord, eternal rest, and let
light perpetual shine upon him."
Alnwick, Northumberland. In the neigh-
bourhood of Alnwick Castle is a pillar in-
scribed as follows :
"William the Lion
King of Scotland
besieging
Alnwick Castle
was here
taken Prisoner
MCLXXIV.
Two or three hundred yards north of the
chapel dedicated to St. Leonard is a cross -
bearing the following inscriptions :
Malcolm III.
King of Scotland
besieging
Alnwick Castle
was slain here,
Nov. 13, An. MXCIII.
K. Malcolm's Cross
decayed by time
was restored by
his descendant
Elizabeth
Duchess of Northumberland
TMDCCLXXIV.
Chislehurst. On Chislehurst Common, .
hard by Camden Place, for some years the
residence of the family of the third Napoleon,
ex-Emperor of the French, is a granite
NOTES AND QUERIES. C n s. m. JAN. u, mi.
cross erected to the memory of the ill-fated
Prince Imperial. On the pedestal are the
following inscriptions :
[Front.]
Napoleon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph,
Prince Imperial,
Killed in Zululand,
1st June, 1879.
[JBflw*.]
" I shall die with a sentiment of profound
gratitude for Her Majesty the Queen of England
;and all the Royal Family, and for the country
where I have received for eight years such
cordial hospitality."
In memory of the Prince Imperial and in
sorrow at his death this cross is erected by the
residents of Chislehurst, 1880.
The first of the latter inscriptions is an
extract from the young Prince's will.
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, \Yarwickshire.
Nicholas Howe's monument, for which
MB. PAGE inquired at 11 S. ii. 243, is situated
an the village of Little Barford, Beds, and
consists of a four-sided pillar about 3 feet
high. The inscription on the sides runs as
follows :
(1) The Poet Rowe was born in this house
1673 (2) Author of Jane Shore sevral Tragedies
and Translator of Lucan (3 ) Master of Polite Learn-
ing and the Classical Authors (4) A secretary of
State To Queen Ann, and Poet Laureate to King
George.
The above information has been kindly
supplied me by Mr. J. H. Alington of Little
Barford, whose grandfather erected the
memorial. He adds :
" The story is that the mother of the poet was
travelling, and that the house (which is now the
end one of a row of joined cottages in which
labourers live) was a wayside inn, where she
lodged at the time of his birth."
W. R. B. PBIDEAUX.
Reform Club.
THE EARLIEST TELEGRAPHY.
ACCORDING to an article by Mr. T. Sturdee
"in The Strand Magazine for October last,
" it was not until 1795, when Lord George
Murray introduced his semaphore system,
that anything like an efficient means of
telegraphic communication was established."
This implies the earlier existence of such
communication ; and that idea is borne out
in an article in the same magazine for
.September by Mr. Bernard Darwin on * Some
Curious Wagers.' That tells of a bet
by the Duke of Queensberry with a Mr.
Edgworth, which could have been won by the
latter if it had not been that, " having in his
mind a system of semaphores, he blurted out
that he didn't mean to rely upon horses."
There is a tantalizing absence of dates from
this anecdote, but conjecturally it is of about
1750 ; and I should be interested to know
whether there is a contemporary description
of any earlier system of telegraphic com-
munication than that which I give below.
In The London Chronicle for 3-6 January,
1767, appeared the following :^
CORSICAN GAZETTE.
Iftolarossa, August 28.
On the 17th of this month, arrived here from
Corte, two English Gentlemen, to embark on
their return to Tuscany. They had been in-
formed at Corte, of an invention by the Abbes
Giulani and Liccia of our province, of a new con-
trivance which they call, 11 Corri&re Volante, The
Flying Courier ; by means of which, notice may
be communicated in a few instants from one
place to another, at the distance of many miles.
The two young Abb6s were here at the arrival of
these Gentlemen, who being desirous to see an
experiment made of the new contrivance, it was
accordingly made on the terrace of this tower,
at the square of Saint Reperata, and the English
Gentlemen were highly satisfied and pleased
with it. Some months ago, when his Excellency
the General was here, a like experiment was made,
at the distance of ten miles, which succeeded
perfectly well. As these English Gentlemen
encouraged the two Abbes to inform the Publick
of their invention, the following account of it is
given, that the Publick may judge of the ad-
vantages to be derived from it.
The FLYING COURIER is a portable machine,
which serves for the purpose of communicating
at the distance of many miles a notice or advice,
as clearly and distinctly, as if a voice was heard,
or it was seen written on a leaf.
To perform this operation, three things are
necessary. 1. That the place from whence the
notice is to be sent, which we shall call A, com-
mand a view of the place to which the notice is
directed, which we shall call B. 2. That at the
place A, there be a machine with a person in-
formed of the notice intended to be communicated
to the place B. 3. That at the place B, there be
another person with a similar machine, in order
to return an answer to the place A, as shall be
necessary.
This operation is not restricted so as only
to communicate intelligence from A to B, but the
instant it is received at B, it may be conveyed to
C, and from C may be conveyed to D, and so on,
although C and D be not seen by A, provided that
at every one of the places there be these machines,
and the persons who perform, know at what
precise time the operation is to be, so that they
may stand in fixed attention. In this manner,
the same notice may fly in a few hours from the
one extremity to the other of a kingdom.
This operation may be performed just now at
the distance of 25 miles from one machine to
another ; and when the machine shall be furnished
with certain springs, Avhich are yet wanting, it
may be done at the distance of 50 miles. It may
n s. in. JAN. 14, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
be done by night, as well as by day, provided
that the air be not charged with a low cloudy
atmosphere, or any other dark vapour.
Although the operation is performed in public,
advice is communicated with the greatest secrecy,
as it can neither be heard nor understood but by
the persons who assist at the machines. Nay, if
he who sends or receives the advice is desirous
to conceal it, even from these persons, there is
a method of doing it freely.
In tine, this operation is performed with great
expedition ; for, in a quarter of an hour may be
communicated a period, containing about two
huadred letters. Add to this, that the machine
situated at the place A not only communicates
advice to the other at the place B, but does not
attempt it before being certain of being heard
at B.
Although so apparently precise, this
description sadly lacks detail concerning the
apparatus employed. Can that detail be
found elsewhere ? ALFRED F. BOBBINS.
SIR JOHN CHANDOS. In ' The Life of the
Black Prince, by the Herald of Sir John
Chandos,' recently edited by Miss Mildred
K. Pope and Miss Eleanor C. Lodge of Oxford
University, and published at the Clarendon
Press (1910), it is stated in the 'Index of
Proper Names,' p. 242, that Sir John
Chandos was " son of Thomas Chandos,
Sheriff of Herefordshire." This is an error
the repetition of which in this important
edition of the Chandos Herald's poem in-
creases the need for its correction.
The great Sir John Chandos, a knight-
founder of the Order of the Garter, Viscount
of St. Sauveur in Normandy, Constable of
Aquitaine, and Seneschal of Poitou, was
son and heir of Sir Edward Chandos, a dis-
tinguished Derbyshire knight. Sir Edward,
who received rewards for his service in the
war with Scotland and for other services
in the early reign of Edward III., was a
constant friend and companion of that king.
Sir John's parentage is correctly stated
in his life in the ' Dictionary of National
Biography,' which expressly cautions the
reader against the above error, and that
authority is, moreover, referred to on p. 242
mentioned above. M. Fillon, who is also
there cited as an authority, and some other
writers had earlier made the mistake of
confusing this Sir John Chandos, the last of
the knightly house of Chandos of Derbyshire,
with another Sir John Chandos, son of the
above Sir Thomas Chandos, and last of
the male line of the baronial house of
Chandos of Herefordshire and Shropshire.
The latter Sir John died within the years
1428-30 (the ' D.N.B.' says 10 Dec., 1428)
without issue, some sixty years after the
death of his renowned kinsman, his sister's
descendants becoming, in the eighteenth
century, Dukes of Chandos.
The knightly family of Chandos of Derby-
shire, sprung from the baronial house, and
seated in the county of Derby for five
generations, is now represented by Chandos-
Pole of Radbourne, through the marriage
in the reign of Richard II. of Peter de la Pole
and Elizabeth, niece and eventual sole
heiress of Sir John Chandos of Radbourne r
the famous warrior. The above Sir Thomas
Chandos was in the King's division at Crecy,
while his contemporary Sir John Chandos
of the Derbyshire branch of the family was
in attendance upon, and fighting beside,
the youthful Prince of Wales, then only
sixteen years old. R. E. E. CHAMBERS.
Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple.
JAMES FORSYTE. The article in the
'D.N.B.' on this Indian traveller needs some
corrections.
Capt. Forsyth joined the Bengal Army
(not the Civil Service) in February, 1857,
after receiving a university education not in
England, but in Scotland. After some
years of military service he was appointed
Assistant Conservator, and acting Conser-
vator of Forests in the Saugor and Nerbudda
Territories. He was subsequently trans-
ferred to the Central Provinces Commission,
and after a time was nominated Settlement
Officer, and then Deputy Commissioner of
Nimar. He joined the Bengal Staff Corps
in 1861, and was promoted to the rank of
captain 20 February, 1869. His book ' The
Highlands of Central India ' contained
accounts of some, but by no means all, of his
travels and explorations in the Central
Provinces. R. E. B.
" ELZE "= ALREADY. ' Glints o' Glen-
gonnar,' by Christina Fraser, recently pub-
lished, consists of a series of sketches illustrat-
ing the life of dwellers in a remote district
of Upper Clydesdale. The writer manifestly
knows her people well, and perhaps the
most fully presented character in her group is
" Easie," the local shopkeeper, an incomer
who has permanently retained certain impres-
sions received in her native parish. Among
these is the use of some words which are un-
familiar to her youthful auditors :
" Easie had twae words she used often, ' elze *
and ' efterhin.' Jf a baker or cadger had come
suner than she expected, she wad say, ' Is that
you, elze ? I didna think it was that time o' day ' ;
or, if we had been sent an erran' an' cam' back
quick, she wad say, * Are ye back, elze ? Juist
rin like a whittret/ If it was something she wad
do later, she wad say'she wad do't efterhin."
26
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. n, 1911.
"Efterhin" or " efterhend," for after-
wards, and "whittret" for weasel, are still in
fairly general use throughout the Lowlands ;
but " elze " in the sense of already is less
commonly known. Indeed, it is questionable
if many who are familiar with the native
speech ever heard it, to say nothing of
including; it in their vocabulary. It is an
interesting survival of the form " ellis " or
*' els," which Jamieson in the ' Scottish
Dictionary ' illustrates by quotations from
Barbour, Gavin Douglas, * Sir Eg;eir,' and
Archbishop Hamiltoun's ' Catechisme ' of
1551. That it signifies " already," and is
distinct from the other " ellis " or " elles,"
which means else or otherwise, there seems to
be no doubt whatever. All Jamieson' s
examples support the distinction. Mr.
Small in his edition of Gavin Douglas either
ignored or discredited this specific meaning,
for he gives it no place in his glossary.
Douglas uses the word in his version of
* ^Eneid ' iv. 135, where the poet describes
Dido's waiting hunter :
Hir fers steid stude stamping, reddy ellis,
Rungeand the fomy goldin bitt jingling.
It might, of course, be suggested that the
word in this instance means " otherwise,"
or " apart from his rider " ; but it seems
better to take it in the sense of the Latin
jam, conveniently rendered in English as
" already."
Mr. Small glosses an example of " ellis "
which occurs in Douglas's * Proloug of the
First Buik of Eneados.' In this curiously
critical and apologetic deliverance the
translator makes it clear that he thinks
liimself unworthy to stand English sponsor
for Virgil, but he reflects that at least one
predecessor has made a disgraceful show,
and he concludes that he is warranted in
offering his experiment. Then he brings the
matter to an issue in this wise :
Thocht sum wald sweir that I the text haue vareit,
Or that I haue this volume quyte myscareit,
Or threip planlie that I <?om neuer neir hand it,
Or that the werk is wers than evir I fand it,
Or 3 it argew Virgile stuide wele befoir,
As now war tyme to schift the wers ouer scoir ;
Ellis haue I said, thair ma be na compair
JBetwixt his versis and my style wlgair.
In his glossary Mr. Small says that
" ellis " in this passage is the A.-S. elles,
and means " else." In view of what pre-
cedes, the interpretation " already " seems
preferable. The translator introduces him-
self by saying that instead of attempting to
counterfeit the precious words of " mast
reuerend Virgill," he is disposed to kneel
when he hears them, and then he strenu-
ously proceeds as follows :
For quhat compair betuix midday and nycht^
Or quhat compare betuix myrknes and lycht,
Or quhat compare is betuix blak and quhyte,
Far gretar diference betuix my blunt endyte
And thi scharp sugurat sang Virgiliane,
Sa wyslie wrocht with neuir ane word in vane,
My waverand wit, my cunnyng feble at all,
My mynd mysty, thir ma nocht myss ane fall.
All this and more shows the exponent's
ostensible attitude, and gives warrant for
his later statement, " Ellis [i.e. already]
haue I said."
Jamieson's commentary on " Ellis, al-
ready," runs thus :
" There is no evidence that A.-S. ealles was ever
used in this sense. Nor have I observed any
cognate term ; unless we view this as originally
Moes.-G. allis, A.-S. eallis, omnino (plenarie,
Benson), used obliquely. The phrase in Virg.
reddy ellis, if thus resolved, would signify ' coin-
pleatly ready.' It merits consideration, that this
is evidently analogous to the formation of the
E. synom. already, q. omnino paratum."
THOMAS BAYNE.
LONGFELLOW ON DTJFRESNY. In Long-
fellow's ' Hyperion ' occurs the following :
" ' After all,' said Flemming, with a sigh,
' poverty is not a crime.' ' But something
worse,' interrupted the Baron ; ' as Dufresny
said when he married his laundress, because he
could not pay her bill. He was the author, as
you know, of the opera ' Lot,' at whose representa-
tion the great pun was made. I say the great
pun, as we say the great Tun of Heidelberg. As
one of the performers was singing the line,
' V amour a vaincu Loth* (vingt culottes), a voice
from the pit cried out ' Qu'il en donne une li
fauteur / ' "
A few days after the publication in The
Gentleman's Magazine (March, 1895) of my
article ' Moliere on the Stage,' describing the
numerous plays founded on incidents of the
great French dramatist's life, I received a
letter from a former contributor to ' N. & Q.,'
the late Dr. Paul Q. Karkeek of Torquay,
asking me for information about Dufresny 's
opera. He said he had been trying for years
to obtain a copy of the work mentioned by
Longfellow, but had not been successful. I
had never heard of such a work, and it is
certainly not in any of the editions of
Dufresny's collected plays. The only play
of Dufresny's bearing some resemblance to
the title of ' Lot,' I could suggest, was * Le
Lot suppos6 ; ou, La Coquette de Village ' ;
but it is a comedy, and there are no songs of
any kind in it. There is no mention of a
play or opera called ' Lot ' in the 'Anecdotes
dramatiques (contenant le Titre de toutes
nos Pieces de Theatre, depuis 1'origine des
us. m. JAN. u, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
Spectacles en France),' the best compilation
of the kind published in the eighteenth
century ; and it has no place among the
operas in Flix Clement's * Dictionnaire des
Operas,' issued near the end of the nine-
teenth century.
In October of the same year I went over to
Paris for a few days, and met the late M.
Victorien Sardou at the Cafe" Tortoni, on the
Boulevard des Italiens, after he had been
attending a rehearsal of a new play at one
of the theatres close by. In the course of
our conversation I mentioned to him the
passage in Longfellow's ' Hyperion.' M.
Sardou smiled, and said he had been asked
the same question by many American
visitors who had been introduced to him,
and he had received several letters on the
subject from unknown admirers in the
United States. He had come to the con-
clusion that it was one of the few literary sins
the charming American poet would have
to answer for at the Day of Judgment.
Perhaps some reader of ' N. & Q.' can give
information about a work of Dufresny
which has eluded the search of Dr. Karkeek,
M. Sardou, and myself. It is true that
Dufresny married as his second wife a
laundress, and Le Sage has made this one
of the incidents of his novel * Le Diable
Boiteux.' Dufresny, however, was by no
means the literary martyr one would suppose
on reading Longfellow's ' Hyperion.' As
the Abb6 de Castres said : "II avoit deux
passions qui devoroinent tout, 1' amour de la
table et celui des femmes."
ANDBEW DE TEBNANT.
25, Speenham Road, Brixton, S.W.
WE must request corresp9ndents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
SOPHIE DAWES, BABONNE DE FEUCHEBES
Will some correspondent refer me to the
fullest account of the life of this notorious
person before she met the Due de Bourbon,
and after his death when she returned to
England ? I already have a full account
of her extraordinary life in France, and I am
most anxious to get more particulars of her
English career, parentage, childhood, and
her life in Hants and in London on her
return to England. The ' D.N.B.' states
that she died in Hyde Park Square, 2 Janu-
ary, 1841, and that she had also a house in
Hampshire. I should like to know where
she lived in that county. From documents
in Somerset House I find that she died at
Great Cumberland Street on 15 December,
1840. It is known that Baron Gerard
painted two portraits of her in 1829 and
1830. I much wish to trace these portraits,
and any other portrait of her, if such exists.
She was born in St. Helens, Isle of Wight,
the year being variously stated as 1785,
1790, and 1792. Letters of administration
were granted in February, 1843, to James
Daw or Dawes of St. Helen's, Isle of Wight,
Mary Ann Clark of 5, Hyde Park Square,
and Charlotte Thanaron, resident in
France, her brother and sisters, who in-
herited most of her great wealth. Is any-
thing known of them or their descendants ?
JOHN LANE.
Miss WYKEHAM, BABONESS WENMAN.
Can any reader direct my attention to the
best account of Miss Wykeham, to whom the
Duke of Clarence is said to have proposed so
many times ?
Sophia Elizabeth was the only child of
William Richard Wykeham of Swalcliffe.
She inherited from her grandmother (Hon.
Sophia Wenman) all Lord Wenman's
estates in Oxfordshire, including Thame
Park. The Duke of Clarence afterwards
William IV. was reported to have proposed
to her in 1818. He subsequently created
her Baroness Wenman, 3 June, 1834. She
died unmarried 9 August, 1870.
I should also like to know who her repre-
sentatives are, and if there is any portrait
of her in existence ; one would like to see
the portrait of the lady who so persistently
refused to be Queen of England.
JOHN LANE.
Vigo Street, W.
ALDEBMAN WILCOX. Who was this ?
Mr. Seccombe in his article on Titus Oates
in ' Diet. Nat. Biog.' (xli. 300) writes of
" a dinner given by Alderman Wilcox in
the city in the summer of 1680," at which
Oates and Tonge " disputed their respective
claims to the proprietorship of the plot."
It is certain that no person named Wilcox
has ever been elected an Alderman of Lon-
don, at any rate since the end of the thir-
teenth century, nor is such a name preserved
amongst those returned to the Court of
Aldermen by the wards for the Court's
final choice. I imagine the person referred
to must have been the " John Wilcox,
brewer," elected Sheiiff of London on
28 July, 1673, who " fined off " immediately,
NOTES AND QUERIES. ,[u s. in. JAN. u, mi.
a successor being chosen on 1 August (City
Records, Journal 47, fo. 284). Can any
reader of ' N. & Q.' tell me anything more
about him ? ALFRED B. BEAVEN.
Greyfriars, Leamington.
BENJAMIN D' ISRAELI OF DUBLIN. What
relation was Benjamin D' Israeli of the city
of Dublin, notary public about the end of
the eighteenth century, to Lord Beacons -
field, and what is known of his career ? I
believe he left money to some Irish charities.
J. T.
Dublin.
TEESDALE LEGION. Can any of your
readers assist me to find particulars about
a volunteer corps called the Teesdale Legion ?
It existed in the south of co. Durham
some time during the latter part of the
eighteenth century or the first few years of
the nineteenth. W. L. VANE.
Thornfield, Darlington.
CAPT. WITH AM AND THE SIEGE OF GIBRAL-
TAR. In 'England's Artillerymen,' by
J. A. Browne, published in 1865, the follow-
ing passage occurs in reference to the sortie
of the garrison in November, 1781, during the
great siege of Gibraltar :
" Two Spanish Officers were taken prisoners.
One, a Lieutenant, was taken in the middle of the
battery by Capt. Witham, of the Royal Artillery,
who commanded the detachment of the Corps
out upon this service. The Spanish Officer was
armed with a drawn sword, when Capt. Witham,
with a fire-brand only in his hand, -seized him
by the sword arm, and in Spanish demanded the
key of the magazine of that battery. The Lieu-
tenant, Don Vincente Friza, replied, ' Todo es
Bombas ' (the whole is a magazine), and gave
up his sword."
Can any one give the authority for this
story ? The author of the book does not
remember from what source he obtained it.
The present representatives of the Witham
family possess a seal with the motto " Todo
es Bombas " upon it, which confirms the
existence of the story.
Ancell and Spilsbury refer to the incident,
but no one else, as far as I know, mentions
the " Todo es bombas " part of the story.
Bomba means a " shell." J. H. LESLIE.
Dykes Hall, Sheffield.
GRANGE COURT, ST. CLEMENT DANES.
Can any one tell me if there is a record or
list of the solicitors who lived in the above
court between 1730 and 1750 ? Information
is wanted about Edmund Combe, de-
scribed as of Grange Court, and Hartley
- Wintney, Hants. T. R. M.
THACKERAY AND PUGILISM. The article
on * Pugilism ' in ' Chambers' s Encyclo-
paedia,' 1901, vol. viii. p. 486, says*.
' Thackeray .... devoted one of his ' Round-
about Papers ' to the fight between Sayers
and Heenan." Where did this originally
appear ? Has it been reprinted ?
Also, in Temple Bar for January, 1864,
under the heading of ' The Millers and their
Men ' appeared a most racily - written
account of the fight between Heenan and
Tom King, signed "P." I should be glad
to know the author's name, and if he wrote
any more * Idylls of the Ring.' H. P.
[See Mr. Lewis Melville's useful ' Bibliography '
in his ' Thackeray : a Biography ' (Lane, 1909).
The account desired is No. 1062 in the list:
" Roundabout Papers. V. On Some Late Great
Victories. With an Illustration. Cornhill Maga-
zine, June, 1860 ; vol. i. pp. 755-60."]
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE. About
twenty years ago Mr. Chas. P. Johnson said
in The Athenaeum that he had acquired a
playbill of a piece called ' Jeames, the Rail-
road Footman of Berkeley Square,' which
was produced at the Theatre Royal, Liver,
Church Street (Liverpool), 13 July, 1846.
I shall be glad if any one will put me in
communication with Mr. Johnson if he is
still alive. S. J. ADAIR FITZ-GERALD.
8, Lancaster Road, Bowes Park, N.
THOMAS JAMES THACKERAY. This rather
versatile writer and adapter of plays seems
to have " flourished " between 1826 and
1854. Two of his plays are ' The Barber
Baron,' from the French (through the Ger-
man), Theatre Royal, Haymarket, 8 Sep-
tember, 1828, and ' The Force of Nature/
same theatre, 4 August, 1830. He also
wrote and lectured about rifle shooting.
The ' D.N.B.' is silent as to his career.
Was he in any way related to W. M. Thacke-
ray ? S. J. A. F.
"OR. GOLDSMITH, B.A." I have before
me a copy of ' The Canterbury Tales of
Chaucer, to which are added an Essay upon
his Language,' &c. (by T. Tyrwhitt), pub-
lished in 4 vols., small 8vo, by T. Payne,
London, 1775. The title-pages of yols. i.
and ii. respectively bear the following inscrip-
tions in a contemporary clerkly hand (cer-
tainly not that of the author of ' The
Vicar of Wakefield'): vol. i., "the Gift
of O r Goldsmith to Edw d . Bratt"; vol. ii.,
"The Gift of O. Goldsmith, B.A., to M r
Edward Bratt." As Dr. Oliver Goldsmith
died in April, 1774, it seems difficult to
identify him with " O. Goldsmith, B.A." ;
us. in. JAN. M, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
but if not, who was the donor, and who
was his friend Edward Bratt ? It has
occurred to me that the first two volumes
may have been published before the other
two, early in 1774, but, it being foreseen that
the work could not be completed until 1775,
they were postdated. As the two inscrip-
tions do not exactly correspond, the two
volumes were not probably issued together.
If this hypothesis be correct, the books may
have been sent, and inscribed by the
publisher, at the donor's request.
Unfortunately, no entry of this edition
of Chaucer is to be found in the Register of
the Stationers' Company, so the actual date
of publication cannot be ascertained ; but
the work was noticed in Gent. Mag. for
March, 1775. Can any of your readers help
me to clear up these points ?
J. S. ATTWOOD.
Reading.
MONTAGU GERHARD DRAKE was admitted
on the foundation at Westminster School in
1725, and died young. He is described in
the parentelce of that year as the son of
William Drake, " Abberburiae," co. Oxford.
I should be glad to obtain further particulars
of his parentage, and the date of his death.
G. F. R. B.
RICHARD HEYLIN was elected from West-
minster School to Christ Church, Oxford,
in 1644. I should be glad to ascertain
anything about him. In the last edition
of Welch's ' Alumni Westmonasterienses ' he
is erroneously identified with Richard Heylin,
Canon of Christ Church, who died 26 April,
1669, aged 72. G. F. R. B.
WILLIAM JOSEPH LOCKWOOD is stated in
' Burke' s Landed Gentry ' to have been
" shot blind by the mob at Westminster
School," where he was admitted 1 Feb.,
1773. Where can any account of this
occurrence be found ? I should be glad also
to obtain the respective dates of his birth
and death. G. F. R. B.
THOMAS CORYAT AND WESTMINSTER
SCHOOL. What ground has Mr. John W.
Cousin for saying in * A Short Biographical
Dictionary of English Literature ' (" Every-
man's Library," 1910) that Coryat (1577-
1617) was educated at Westminster and
Oxford ? The ' D.N.B.' and the * Pub-
lishers' Note ' to ' Coryat's Crudities '
(MacLehose & Son, 1905) both state that
he entered Gloucester Hall, Oxford, in 1596,
but are silent as to his earlier education.
URLLAD.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Captives of his (or my) bow and spear.
(Rev.) S. SLADEN.
63, Ridgmount Gardens, W.C.
" The penalty of not taking an interest in
the Government you are under is to live under the
government of bad men."
Quoted in 'The Citizen's Handbook,'
prepared by a Committee of the Enfield
Public Welfare Association.
T. F. HUSBAND.
" TEETOTAL " : EARLY USE. (See 8 S.
xi. 384; xii. 74, 154.) Mr. F. W. Cornish
writes in his * English Church in the Nine-
teenth Century' (1910: at II. v. 97):
" In February, 1830, the ' Bradford Society for
Promoting Temperance,' the first society to which
the name ' Teetotal ' (i.e. ' total ') was given, was
founded by Henry Forbes."
Can information be given as to when Dicky
Turner's word migrated to Yorkshire in this
way ? Q. V.
HACKNEY AND TOM HOOD. In a very
amusing letter of Tom Hood's (quoted in
Walter Jerrold's biography), the poet
describes his adventures in Hackney. He
had been invited to a ball, and just when
(as he humorously parodies Sir Walter, I
think)
Hackney had gathered then
Her beauty and her chivalry all bright,
And there were well-dressed women and brave men,
a chimneystack was blown down and hurled
through the house, which stood close to a
private asylum. Can any one identify the
persons and the locality for us ? Who was
proprietor of the madhouse ?
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
Percy House, South Hackney.
Miss PASTRANA. In a foreign dealer's
recent catalogue I find this once famous
lady described as " Miss Julia Pastrana, the
well-known bearded Mexican danseuse.
Middle of last century." Were there two
ladies of that name and fame ? I dis-
tinctly remember having seen as a small boy
an exceedingly ugly, monkey-like creature,
but she performed in a circus on a regula-
tion " paste-board " strapped on the back
of the usual plump grey cob, and jumped
through hoops, over ribbons, &c.
L. L. K.
LADY ELIZABETH PRESTON, FIRST
DUCHESS OF ORMONDE. I should be grateful
for information of any existing portrait
of this lady, who is frequently mentioned by
30
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. u, 1911.
Lady Fanshawe in her memoirs. Lord
Ormonde has informed me that there is no
picture of her in his possession, and I have
been unable to trace one anywhere else.
H. C. FANSHAWE.
72, Philbeach Gardens, S.W.
COUNTY COATS OF ARMS : ARMS OF Co.
SOMERSET. Would any reader who is
interested in heraldry inform me whether
each county in England possesses a coat of
arms, and what the arms of the county of
Somerset are ? BLADUD.
[County badges were discussed at length at
7 S. i., ii., iii., and viii.]
CORONER OF THE VERGE. When was this
royal office abolished, and what were the
duties attached to it ? I do not find it
mentioned in John Chamberlayne's * Present
State of Britain,' 1723 ; but in Cowel's
* Interpreter ' it is thus noticed, s.v.
* Coroner ' :
" Note, there be certain special Coroners within
divers Liberties, as well as those ordinary Officers
in every County, as the Coroner of the Verge, which
is a certain compass about the King's Court, whom
Cromp, in his * Jurisd.,' fol. 102, calleth the Coroner
of the King's House, of whose Authority, see Co.
Rep. fol. 4, lib, 46."
I believe that a verge, as used in the royal
household, was a stick or rod whereby a
person was admitted tenant to a lord of the
manor. In The Weekly Journal of 5 October,
1723, is the following paragraph, illustrating
perhaps a late usage of the office :
" Mr. White, the present Coroner of the Verge of
his Majesty's Houshold, is appointed, by the Dean
and Chapter of Westminster, to be Coroner for that
City and^ Liberty, in the Room of Mr. Turton,
J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL.
CROWE FAMILIES OF NORFOLK AND SUF-
FOLK. Carthew's ' Hundred of Launditch '
contains a pedigree of Crowes from the
fifteenth century to the eighteenth. Arms :
a gyronny of eight sable and or ; on a chief
of the first, two leopards' faces of the second
(granted 1614). There was also a Suffolk
family of the name who bore Gules, a
chevron between three cocks arg. (granted
1584). Information is desired in continua-
tion of Carthew's pedigree, also generally
about the Suffolk family. Are there any
representatives of either now living ?
There were two mayors of Norwich at the
end of the eighteenth century, James and
William Crowe of Lakenham, who bore the
former arms. Can any reader tell me
who they were ? W. ROBERTS CROW.
POOR SOULS' LIGHT :
" TOTENLATERNE."
(US. ii. 448.)
THE query by J. D. refers to a very interest-
ing subject, on which there is plenty of litera-
ture, with about fifteen theories of explana-
tion, but no single one is satisfactory in every
case. I have a large quantity of material,
but I want what is often difficult, and in
many cases impossible, to get evidence
on certain points to elucidate a certain
theory. In this respect J. D., while giving
to me at all events something new, omits
what is important evidence, probably from
want of knowledge of the literature on the
subject, which has engaged my attention
for some years.
Let me state my position as clearly as I
can, not only as a help to J. D., but also to
obtain evidence one way or the other as to
my theory. .
There are several peculiarities in ch urches,
not only in Great Britain, but also on the
Continent, and not confined to Protestant or
Roman Catholic edifices, which I have
treated as local manifestations of a general
controlling principle.
1. The axial line of the nave does not
always coincide with that of the chancel,
there being a greater or less deflection of the
latter to north or south. There are four
theories to account for this.
2. There are certain perforations in the
walls of churches, outer or inner, or both,
which have been called Low Side Windows,
though a few are High ; Leper Windows,
Lychnoscopes, Hagioscopes, and the old
English word Squint, which is more descrip-
tive than any other, and commits us to no
theory. They are mostly rectangular and
narrow, but some are oval or round. Some
are square with the wall, but generally they
are aslant and splayed. They all have a
common characteristic, whatever their shape
or size or position their axial line points to
the high altar. There are, as I have said,
fifteen explanations of these openings, not
one of which is satisfactory in every case.
To these I have ventured to add another,
and for it I am collecting evidence. My
theory is that these openings are connected
with orientation. To give full references
would take half a number of * N. & Q.,'
and to many readers they would be un-
n s. in. JAN. 14, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
necessary, the subject having been discussed
in previous volumes.
As a guide to J. D. and others, it may be
permissible to say that for deflection of
chancels, see 2 S. xi. 55 ; 10 S. viii. 392 ;
Seroux d'Agincouit, ' History of Art by
its Monuments,' vol. ii., pi. xiv., xvii. ;
vol. iii. pi. xxvii., xcviii., cxxxiv., cliv. ;
Lasham, * Three Surrey Churches,' pp. 88-
109 ; Planche, * A Corner of Kent,'
pp. 410-12 ; Atkinson, ' Memorials of Old
Whitby,' pp. 104, 110, 124, 126, 129, 147-8,
149-51.
For the other points see 2 S. x. 68, 118,
253, 312, 357, 393 ; xi. 34, 55, 412 ; 7 S. i.
387, 435 ; vii. 251, 470 ; Arch. Journal,
iii. 299, 308 ; iv. 314-26 ; The Reliquary,
ix. 9-16 ; The Ecclesiologist, New Series,
vii. 65-75, 101-2, 141-2; viii. 166-71,
288-90, 374-5; ix. 113-17, 187-9, 252-3,
348-52.
It would assist materially if J. D. could
supply a fuller description of the two
churches he mentions, or give references to
where descriptions can be obtained. For
instance, according to a gazetteer I con-
sulted, there are about a dozen Rothenburgs
in Germany and Switzerland.
A. RHODES.
[We cannot afford space for the further dis-
cussion of such a wide subject, but will forward
any letters to MR. RHODES.]
When I was visiting Garway Church in
Herefordshire several years ago, an opening
high up in the wall of the part connecting the
church with the tower was pointed out to
me as an example of a "poor souls' light."
R. B R.
South Shields.
Father Thurston, S. J., in ' The Catholic
Encyclopaedia,' iii. 507, writes :
" A curious feature found in many churchyards
from the twelfth to the fourteenth century,
especially in France, is the so-called lanterne (fes
worts, a stone erection sometimes 20 or 30 feet
high, surmounted by a lantern, and presenting a
general resemblance to a small lighthouse. The
lantern seems to have been lighted only on certain
feasts or vigils, and in particular on All Souls'
Day. An altar is commonly found at the foot
of the column. Various theories have been
suggested to explain these remarkable objects,
but no one of them can be considered satisfactory."
One may compare the French and Italian
custom of putting lighted candles on graves
on All Souls' Eve.
Mr. Leopold Wagner, in his ' Manners,
Customs, and Observances,' p. 270, states
that in the time of the Druids the ancient
Irish prayed to Saman, the Lord of Death, in
front of their lighted candles, for the souls
of their departed relatives. Father Thurston
in ' The Catholic Encyclopaedia,' iii. 247,
says : "St. Cyprian in 258 was buried
proelucentibus ceris"
At the present day, at all solemn Requiem
Masses, lighted tapers are held in the hands
of some or all of those who assist, both among
those who follow the Byzantine Rite and
among those who follow the Latin.
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
Mueller and Mothes in their (German)
* Archaeological Dictionary,' s.v. ' Todten-
leuchte,' quote the following passage from
Petrus Venerabilis (died 1156) to explain the
use of these lights :
" Obtinet medium cimeterii locum structura
qusedam lapidea, habens in summitate sua quanti-
tatem unius lampadis coparum quse ob reverentiam
fidelium ibi quiescentium totis noctibus fulgore
suo locum ilium sacratum illustrat."
According to the same authors, such
lights were either burnt on isolated columns
or in stone lamps attached to church walls.
Examples of the former kind are still extant
in France (12th century) and Germany (13th
to 16th centuries). In Germany their use
was abandoned about the latter date.
Illustrations are given in the book of an
isolated light in Freistadt (Upper Austria)
dating from about A.D. 1488, and of an
attached lantern against the wall of St.
Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (A.D. 1502).
Other examples mentioned are those at
Schulpforta (13th century), Regensburg
(Cathedral, 14th century), and Klosterneu-
burg (A.D. 1381), the last being about 30 feet
high. Others are to be found in Austria
and Westphalia, but the localities are not
given.
Tapers and lamps are nowadays stUl burnt
on graves in Roman Catholic cemeteries on
the Continent, but only on one evening in
the year, viz., on All Souls' Eve. L. L. K.
In a very few remote Roman Catholic
villages in Germany, e.g., in Westphalia, a
" Totenlaterne " is lighted when a child
dies. At the funeral the " Totenlaterne" is
carried before the coffin to the graveside.
When the burial service is over, the " Toten-
laterne " is brought back to its place in the
church and then extinguished. The Roman
Catholic priest to whom I owe this informa-
tion thought that nothing definite was
known of the origin of this rare and almost
forgotten rural usage.
NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. HI. JAN. u, 1911.
A " Totenlaterne " is to be distinguished
from an " Ewige Lampe." An " Ewige
Lampe " is lighted and placed before the
picture of a deceased near relation. The
praying before the " Eternal Lamp " has
the same object as the reading of masses for
the souls of the departed, i.e., the hope of
shortening the time the departed has to
spend in Purgatory. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
In June last, when looking at some of the
old tombstones in the cemetery of Linz,
a picturesque little town on the Rhine near
the Drachenfels, I noticed small lamps
burning before some of the graves.
J. R. THORNE.
EARLY GRADUATION : GILBERT BTJRNET,
JOHN BALFOUR (11 S. ii. 427). MR. P. J.
ANDERSON, after instancing the case of a
student who graduated at Aberdeen when
just under thirteen years and six months
old, asks whether that record can be broken.
It can. A southern university has seen an
example of still greater precocity.
William Wotton of St. Catharine's College,
Cambridge, afterwards Fellow of St. John's,
who was born on 13 August, 1666, was
" only twelve years and five months old
when he commenced Bachelor in January "
[1679] (' Hist, of St. Cath. College,' by Dr.
G. Forrest Browne, Bishop of Bristol).
Although at this early age a year one way or
the other makes a real difference, there is
some discrepancy among writers who have
referred to Wotton' s juvenile success. J. H.
Monk in his ' Life of Richard Bentley,'
vol. i. p. 10, 2nd ed., speaks of Wotton at the
time of his degree as " a boy of thirteen."
The ' D.N.B.' life of Bentley, by Sir Richard
Jebb, says that Wotton " became a bachelor
of arts at the age of fourteen." The pub-
lished lists of ' Graduati Cantabrigienses '
from 1659 to 1787 and from 1659 to 1823 give
1679 as the year in which Bentley as well as
Wotton graduated. Now Bentley, who as
an undergraduate was Wotton's contem-
porary, appears to have taken his degree
on 23 January, 1680. Can January, 1679,
when Wotton became a B. A., be the historical
year 1680 ? In either case, it may be
observed, Wotton was younger than John
Balfour when he proceeded to his first
degree. Nor was Wotton without distinction
in later life. Sir H. Craik treats him with
singular harshness in his ' Life of Jonathan
.Swift,' 1882, p. 66: "He faded into a
maturity of eccentric and licentious nonen-
ity." Dr. Norman Moore in ' D.N.B.'
^ives a far juster estimate. One piece of
eccentricity at least should be remembered
to his credit. An Englishman holding
a benefice in Wales, Wotton learnt the
anguage of ^ the country and published a
Welsh sermon. EDWARD BENSLY.
COLANI AND THE REFORMATION (US. ii.
488). Though born in France, Timothee
Colani (1824-88) received his" religious
education in Germany, and subsequently
settled at Geneva, where he assisted in the
publication of a paper called La Reformation
au dix-neuvieme Siecle. As a college thesis
he had already written a vindication of
Christianity against the views contained in
Strauss's * Life of Jesus.' In 1850 he
adopted the German critical method of
inquiry, and with Scherer and other theo-
logians founded the Revue de Theologie,
which at once created a stir among French
Protestants, and led to the formation of the
Nouvelle Ecole, or liberal party in that
Church, of which party Colani became the
acknowledged leader. He undertook a
vigorous campaign against religious despot-
ism, publishing at different times several
important tracts, besides writing critical
articles on eclecticism and the philosophy of
Leibnitz, Kant, and Hegel.
As a preacher he suffered much from the
attacks of the orthodox French Protestants.
In 1864 he was appointed to the Chair of
Theology at Strassburg ; but after the war of
1870 he removed to Paris and devoted
himself to literary pursuits, becoming
Librarian of the Sorbonne. His other works
include some volumes of sermons, a review
of Renan's ' Vie de Jesus,' and in particular
his own ' Jesus Christ et les croyances
messianiques de son temps.' His religious
opinions underwent material change at
different stages of his career. For details
see the articles in Brockhaus and Larousse.
N. W. HILL.
Timothee Colani' s ' Exposition critique
sur la philosophie de la religion de Kant '
was printed as his thesis in 1846. His first
two sermons, which appeared in 1856, were
" L' Individualism^ Chretien ' and ' Le Sacer-
doce Universel.' The ' Premier et Deuxieme
Recueil ' of sermons in French, mostly
delivered at Strasburg (but some of them
at Nimes), were printed in 1860 in 2 vols.,
a copy of which I have before me. They
were translated, with the author's sanction,
by A. V. Richard into German, and printed
at Dresden, under the title ' Predigten in
n s. in. JAN. 14, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Strassburg gehalten,' as well as his " Zwei
Vortrage iiber das allgemeine Priestertum
und die Protestantische Erziehung, aus dem
Franzosischen nach der 2 Aufl. iibersetzt
von Aug. Vicfc. Richard," Dresden, 1858.
H. KREBS.
See L. B. Phillips's 'Dictionary of Bio-
graphical Reference.' EDWARD BENSLY.
HENRY OF NAVARRE AND THE THREE-
HANDLED CUP (US. ii. 408, 457). In the
Suermondt Museum in Aachen are two
specimens of Raeren pottery made before
the birth of the Emperor Charles V. in 1500,
or at any rate during his childhood. As
both of these are three-handled, and as the
Raeren usage of making cups, or rather jugs
(Kriige), with three handles, is certainly
older than the existing specimens of
Steinzeug, it would seem that the story
about Charles V. and the three-handled
cup quoted by MR. HOWARD PEARSON from
Mr. Solon's ' Art Stoneware ' is a popular
attempt at explaining the origin of this
peculiarity of the " Raerener Steinzeug."
Steinzeug, for which there is no English word,
is a kind of stoneware, but made of a much
harder clay which cannot be melted. The
two objects made of Steinzeug older than
Charles V. are :
1. A three-handled jug with bearded faces
between each of the three handles. This
Raeren jug is certainly not later than 1500.
Its great age may be seen by its rough make
and its awkward form. Besides the speci-
men in the Aachen Museum, there is one
exactly like it in the Cologne Museum, which
may be seen in Otto von Falke's excellent
book on * Das rheinische Steinzeug,' vol. ii.
p. 4.
2. A funnel-shaped brown cup with three
small handles. There is another specimen
of the same pattern in the Hetjens Collec-
tion described in Falke's work, vol. ii. p. 5.
In the Suermondt Museum are three other
three-handled jugs, good specimens of Raeren
pottery, but of later date than the two
mentioned above. These jugs made of
Steinzeug are : 1. Three-handled jug of the
first half of the sixteenth century. 2. Three -
handled jug of the second half of the six-
teenth century. 3. Three-handled jug dated
1596, with grey glazing. On it are the arms
of Wilhelm von Nesselrode and of his wife
Wilhelmine von Stadthagen. The family
of Nesselrode is one of the oldest Rhenish
families, and still exists. From the middle
of the seventeenth century till the eighties
of the nineteenth the Raeren potters pro-
duced nothing of any value.
Raeren (pronounced Raren, older form
Roren) Was formerly in the Duchy of Lim-
burg, and is now a village with about 4,000
inhabitants in Rhenish Prussia. It consists
of a lower and upper village, and lies between
Aachen and Eupen, with both of which towns
it is connected by an electric tramway. Here
a peculiar kind of Low German is spoken,
called " Raerener Platt," which is quite
different from " Aachener Platt " or from
" Eupener Platt." Although Raeren was
formerly in the Duchy of Limburg, the
" Raerener " have, partly for linguistic
reasons, always looked upon themselves as
Germans. The Raeren potters in order
to make their wares more acceptable in the
Low Countries, their chief customers, some-
times used to put on their jugs Flemish in-
scriptions, with which language they were
not unacquainted. This fact led some
writers to assume without warrant that
the remaining inscriptions, which were in
" Raerener Platt," were also Flemish. For
this reason, and also because the first speci-
mens of " Raerener Steinzeug " were sold in.
the Low Countries, some writers have
exaggerated the certainly very small Flemish
influence in Raeren pottery and in Rhenish
pottery as a whole, which also includes
that of Cologne-Frechen, Siegburg, and
Westerwald. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
GORDONS AT WESTMINSTER SCHOOL (US.
ii. 389, 437). ' The Clerical Guide ' for
1829, printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington,
mentions four William Gordons, one of whom
is in all probability the person G. F. R. B. is
inquiring about.
William Gordon, M.A. (No. 1), was the
Prebendary of Offley's vicar in Lichfield
Cathedral.
No. 2 was appointed Rector of Spaxton,
Somerset, in 1820, the patron of the living
at that time being the Rev. Wm. Gordon.
No. 3 was in 1789 appointed perpetual
curate of Darlington by the Marquis of
Cleveland.
No. 4 became Rector of Speldhurst, Kent,,
in 1816, the patron of the living being
Robert Burgess, Esq.
John Gordon was in 1825, according to
The Clerical Guide ' for 1829, appointed
to the Vicarage of Bierton, with Buckland
Curacy and Stoke Mandeville Curacy, Bucks,
by the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln ; and
in 1827 to the Rectory of St. Antholin and
34
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. in. JAN. u, ML
St. John Baptist, Watling Street, London,
by the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's.
According to Lipscomb's ' History of Bucks,'
published in 1847, he held the Bucks livings
for two years only, his successor Thomas
Smith, B.D., being appointed Vicar of
Bierton, &c., in 1827. It does not mention
how the living became vacant. The infor-
mation in ' The Clerical Guide ' for 1829 was
evidently not brought well up to date,
although in an advertisement at the begin-
ning of the work, dated 23 March, 1829, the
proprietors offer their best acknowledgments
to the numerous gentlemen who have sup-
plied them with information of the changes
and alterations that had taken place since
the publication of the second edition.
L. EL CHAMBEBS.
. Amersham.
SIB WALTER RALEIGH AND TOBACCO
(US. ii. 489). See Arber's reprint of King
James I.'s ' Counterblaste to Tobacco '
(pp. 81-94), where the whole story of the
introduction of tobacco into England is told.
The earliest known authority for the
Raleigh story is The British Apollo, in the
43rd number of the first volume of which
(published 7 July, 1708) it occurs. The
story had previously been told of Tarleton
and an anonymous Welshman. In their case
the extinguisher employed was water in
Raleigh's, ale. The British Mercury intro-
duces the story by the statement that Raleigh
was the first person who brought tobacco-
smoking into use in England, which is not
true. The probability is that, so far as he
is concerned at any rate, the story is equally
untrue. C. C. B.
Small beer was the ingredient employed
by Sir Walter Raleigh's servant to extinguish
his master's apparently combustible ten-
dencies. The story is said to have been a
stock jest with Elizabethan and later dra-
matists, and appears in various' guises. It is
related in Adams's ' Elegant Anecdotes and
Bons-Mots,' London, 1790, p. 113.
W. SCOTT.
* YOUNG FOLKS' (11 S. ii. 450, 511).
It is extremely interesting bo find this publi-
cation being so pleasantly recalled by many.
I have a specially kindly recollection of it
in respect that it was the first periodical
that, as a small boy, I bought, in 1873, and
continued to buy for some years. It was
then the Young Folks Budget, and its
special charm at that time lay in the ad-
ventures of " Tim Pippin " and Princess
Primrose, a story written by " Roland Quiz "
(Richard Quittenton), illustrated with wood-
cuts by John Proctor. The periodical is
now very difficult to come by, for remark-
ably few copies seem to have been preserved.
Although I have tried to obtain it, I have
been unsuccessful so far, and have had to be
content with a reprint, which is different.
R. L. Stevenson's connexion with the
periodical was due to the late Alexander
H. Japp, and has been set down once for all
by Dr. Japp in his ' Robert Louis Stevenson :
a Record, an Estimate, and a Memorial.'
(The writing of the story is told by Steven-
son himself in the section * My First Book,' in
' Essays in the Art of Writing.') The story
was written by Stevenson while he was
resident at The Cottage, Braemar, in 1881.
Japp visited him there, and carried off to
London a portion of the manuscript of ' The
Sea Cook ' (as the story was then named),
and showed it to Henderson, proprietor of
the Young Folks Budget not the Young
Folks Paper, as Japp calls it, unless the
name had been changed.
The details of the matter are, of course,
too weil known to call for further remark.
It may not be so well known, however, that
in June, 1910, a polished granite memorial
slab was placed on The Cottage, Braemar,
bearing the inscription :
" Here K. L. Stevenson spent the summer of
1881, and wrote ' Treasure Island,' his first great
work."
The credit of erecting this memorial of a
character of which we have so few in this
part of the country is due to the Braemar
Mutual Improvement Association. The
Cottage stands at the south end of what is
known as Castleton Terrace, Braemar.
G. M. FBASEB.
Public Library, Aberdeen.
Young Folks Paper, to give it its full name,
continued to be published weekly till some
time early in 1891, when it changed its
appearance and name, and was continued
under the title of Old and Young. Old and
Young appeared till towards the end of 1896.
The last number was dated either 24 or 31
October in that year, its place being taken
by Folks at Home, a paper which, under a
different guise, contained most of the familiar
features of Old and Young. Folks at
Home died in the spring of 1897, and had no
successor. G. L. APPEBSON.
ITINEBANT TAILOBS (US. ii. 505). I well
remember one. of these who, sixty odd years
ago, came to " our house," mended up my
father's clothes, made two or three " pairs
of gaiters," and cut out from cloth bought
ii s. in. JAN. u, i9ii.i NOTES AND QUERIES.
in Derby a couple of suits for him, taking
to do it the best part of a week. We had
him seated on a big table in the kitchen-place,
and as he went on a good eye was kept on
" the cabbage " he made, for it was an article
of faith with all that the tailor "cabbaged"
all that he possibly could. There was not a
village which could support a tailor.
It was different with the cobbler, one being
able to do all that was needful in patching,
soleing, and heeling, as well as making for
a couple of villages. Women needed but
little " in shoe and leather," for all rough
work, indoor and outdoor, was done in
pattens, which a handy cobbler made, all
but tlie ring - irons fastened to the wooden
sole,
The itinerant tailor went to most of the
farmhouses. The women folk helped each
other to make their own clothes, but there
was a dressmaker who cut out, and made
bonnets. Most women made their own
caps-. THOS. RATCLIFFE.
WESTMINSTER CHIMES (11 S. ii. 509). The
Westminster chimes are, subject to a more
or less different arrangement of the notes, so
much like many other chimes that it seems
rather open to doubt whether they were in
fact arranged to an ancient hymn-notation.
The words attributed to them I have long
understood to be
Lord, through this hour
Be thou our Guide.
For by thy power
No foot shall slide.
D. O.
' WALRUS AND THE CARPENTER ' PARODY :
"SACKBUT" (11 S. ii. 469, 496). I may
perhaps be permitted to record an anony-
mous witticism recalled to me by the men-
tion of the sackbut.
When I was at Oxford ten years ago, the
vogue of " ping-pong " was at its height,
and in many a college room the game was
kept up till far into the night, to the no
small annoyance of those who desired either
to sleep or to work. The nuisance became
so pronounced that at length the Dean of a
certain college affixed to the notice-board an
intimation to the effect that " In future
ping-pong will be considered as a piano, and
is therefore prohibited after 11 P.M." (pianos
were prohibited after that hour). The
following day appeared beneath the official
edict the following parody : "In future the
buttery cat will be considered as a sackbut,
is therefore prohibited at all hourV
H. 4, B.
KNOTS IN HANDKERCHIEFS : INDIAN CUS-
TOM (US. ii. 506). This custom is supposed
to have had its origin in the shoe-string
(or boot-lace), corrigia, suspended from
charters, in which the subscribing party
made a knot. J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL.
CORPSE BLEEDING IN PRESENCE OF THE
MURDERER (US. ii. 328, 390, 498). This
superstition was not confined to the "vulgar."
On 21 August, 1669, in a letter from Mr.
Henshaw to Sir Robert Paston, there is the
following item of news :
" Monday I carried my wife and daughter to
Greenwich to see the Granpois [grampus],
which, though it was but a very little whale, is
yet a very great fish ; the skin, like that of all
Cetaceous animals, is like that of an eel's, and the
flesh as white as a conger's ; the humours of his
body, though he was dead, were in a brisk fer-
mentation, and out of a hole where they struck
the iron that killed him, there yested out blood
and oil like barm out of a barrel of new ale. It
put me in mind of some slain innocent which
bleeds at the approach of his murderers ; but
the stench was so uncouth that it was able to
discompose my meditations." Hist. MSS. Com.,
Sixth Report, p. 367.
The correspondent, Thomas Henshaw,
was a barrister, and one of the first members
of the Royal Society, and contributed several
papers to the Philosophical Transactions ;
he also edited Skinner's ' Etymologicon
Linguae Anglicanse,' 1671. The recipient
was likewise a member of the Royal Society,
and considered " a person of great learning."
A. RHODES.
In John Timbs's book on * Predictions
realized in Modern Times ' (London, 1880)
is a note on ' Murder Wounds Bleeding
Afresh ' (p. 58). Timbs quotes Dray ton's
lines on this subject :
If the vile actors of the heinous deed
Near the dead body happily be brought,
Oft 't hath been proved the breathless corpse will
bleed.
The popular belief existed in Scotland as
late as 1668, and was referred to with
approval by a Crown counsel, Sir George
Mackenzie, in a speech made at the trial of
Philip Standsfield. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
ARTEPHIUS, * DE CHARACTERIBUS PLANE-
TARUM ' (11 S. ii. 407). Is there any trust-
worthy evidence that this book has ever
been written or published ? The same
author's ' Clavis Majoris Sapientiso ' ap-
peared among the ' Opuscula qusedam
Chemica ' at Frankfurt, 1614. Copies of
this are in the British Museum and the Biblio-
theque Nationale in Paris.
36
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. in. JAN. u, wn.
The querist should try Messrs. Joseph Baer
& Co., booksellers, Hochstrasse 6, Frankfurt
a. M., who as a matter of course make
Frankfurt prints a speciality. L. L. K.
Watt mentions a number of books by
Artephius, but the ' De Characteribus Plane-
tarum ' does not appear among them. A
single book by Artephius is included in the
Edinburgh Advocates' Library. The cata-
logue spells the name " Artefius." I am
inclined to believe that no copy of * De
Characteribus Planetarum ' can be found
in this country. Perhaps Germany, in and
around Frankfort, would be the most likely
place to look for it. SCOTUS.
ELEPHANT AND CASTLE IN HERALDRY
(11 S. i. 608; ii. 36, 115, 231, 353, 398).
In ' La France Metallique,' by Jacques
de Bie, Paris, 1634, the elephant occurs once,
namely, on the reverse of a medal of Henri
III. dated 1575 (plate 74). The motto is
" Placidis parcit." According to the * Ex-
plication,' p. 220, the elephant, passing
through the fields, where are some sheep,
turns up his trunk, to show that he has no
intention of hurting them, while he treads on
a serpent, which appears to have glided
under his belly to hurt him. The interpreta-
tion is the clemency of the king towards
his dutiful subjects, and his severity towards
those who rebel against his commands. The
elephant has no castle or any trappings
whatever.
Mrs. Bury Palliser in her ' Historic Devices,
Badges, and War-Cries,' 1870, gives the
elephant as the device of the Caracciolo
family of Naples ; of the Malatesta family ; of
Rodolph, Duke of Swabia (motto " Vi parva
non invertitur " ) ; the elephant adoring the
moon, of Caracciolo, Marquis of Vico (motto
" Numen regemque salutant "} ; of Camillo
Caula, a captain of Modena (motto " Pietas
Deo nos conciliat"); of Giustiniani Salim-
bene (motto "Sic ardua peto ") ; the
elephant and broken tree, of Gio. Batt.
Giustiniani, Cardinal of Venice (motto
" Dum stetit ") ; the elephant and dragon,
of Sinibaldo and Ottoboni Fieschi (motto
" Non vos alabareis," Spanish, " You will
not exult over us " see p. 103) ; the
elephant crushing flies, of Sisenando, King
of the Goths (motto " Al mejor que puedo ") ;
the elephant throwing his teeth to the
hunters, of Count Clement Pietra (motto
" Lasciai di me la miglior parte a dietro ") ;
the elephant walking through a flock of
sheep, of PhiUbert Emmanuel, Duke of
Savoy (motto " Infestus infestis"). See
Index, p. 421, and the pages referred to.
As to the Malatesta family Mrs. Palliser
says (p. 159) :
" The sovereign lords of Rimini and of a great
part of Romagna had for their device an elephant,
allusive, perhaps, to the bones of Hannibal's
elephants, said to have been found at the Forli
pass, near Fossombrone and Fano, of which they
were lords."
She speaks of an elephant, not an ele-
phant's head. In no instance does she
mention a castle on the elephant.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
As a symbol this subject appears to extend
back well over three centuries or more.
In ' Hycke-Scorner,' a black-letter morality
of the earlier part of the sixteenth century,
is a quaint woodcut of an elephant bearing
a square turreted tower or castle. David
Garrick's copy of this old morality was
reprinted by Thomas Hawkins in his ' Origin
of the English Drama,' 1773. 3 vols., and the
illustration may be seen facing p. 72 in
vol. i. The animal is depicted without
harness or trappings. WM. JAGGARD.
PUNS ON PAYNE (US. ii. 409, 453). The
following lines written by Hugh Holland,
whose mother was a Payne, may interest
the querist if they are not already familiar
to him :
Yet griefe is by the surer side my brother,
The child of Payne, and Payne was eke my mother,
Who children had, the Ark had men as many ;
Of which, myself except, now breathes not any !
G. F. R. B.
THE BROWN SEX (11 S. ii. 505). The
quotation from M. G. Lewis's ' Negro Life
in the West Indies ' (London, 1845 edition,
p. 25) is as follows :
" It seems that, many years ago, an Admiral
of the Red was superseded on the Jamaica
station by an Admiral of the Blue ; and both of
them gave balls at Kingston to the ' Brown
Girls ' ; for the fair sex elsewhere are called the
' Brown Girls ' in Jamaica."
Elsewhere in Lewis's ' Journal ' " brown
girl " is used in the ordinary sense of the
term ; cp. " This morning a little brown
girl made her appearance at breakfast, with
an orange bough, to flap away the flies '"
(b., p. 31).
Lewis's ' Journal ' (12 December, 1815,
p. 12) contains an interesting reference to
' Werthers Leiden,' showing that the English
translations were read as late as 1815 :
" Little Jem Parsons [the cabin-boy] and his
friend the black terrier came on deck, and sat
themselves down on a gun-carriage, to read by the
ii s. in. JAN. M, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
light of the moon. I looked at the boy's book
(the terrier, I suppose, read over the other's
shoulder), and found that it was ' The Sorrows
of Werter.' I asked him who had lent him such
a book and whether it amused him ? He said
that it had been made a present to him, and so he
had read it almost through, for he had got to
Werter's dying ; though to be sure he did not
understand it all, nor like very much what he
understood ; for he thought the man a great
fool for killing himself for love. I told him I
thought every man a great fool who killed him-
self for love or for anything else ; but had he
no other books but ' The Sorrows of Werter. '
O, dear yes, he said, he had a great many more."
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
FOBES'S MUSICAL ENVELOPE (11 S. ii. 508).
There is a series of Fores' s Comic Envelopes
in the Guildhall Library. There are nine
varieties : Courting, Musical, Dancing,
Racing, Shooting, Civic, Military, Christmas,
and Coaching. W. B. GEBISH.
BOHEMIAN MUSICAL FOLK-LOBE (11 S.
ii. 485). Tripping over a stone indicates in
Hungary the site of buried treasure or lost
property. L. L. K.
ALFIEBI IN ENGLAND (US. ii. 421, 532).
May I add to my reply that the dates given
in the ' Vita ' clearly show that the November
when Alfieri left the Hague for England was
in 1770. He left Turin in May, 1769. In the
summer he was in Vienna ; at Berlin until
November ; at Copenhagen in the winter.
At the end of March he went to Stock-
holm, in May to Petersburg, and thence to
Berlin. He was at Spa in August and
September, and from there went to the
Hague.
" Finer," in 1. 4 of the second paragraph
of my reply, should be finir.
J. F. ROTTON.
Godalming.
LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508). This
lady is never named in the decorous pages of
standard English histories. Even her
husband the Marquis secures but the
briefest notice, although his midnight ride
to acquaint the late Queen Victoria with her
accession to the throne surely deserved
for him a better fate. Details of his wife's
career will need to be looked for in the
newspapers of the period or in the gossipy
memoirs of social life published within the
last few years. If I may be pardoned for
naming works probably familiar, I would
venture to mention the first three volumes of
the ' Greville Journal ' ; Mrs. W. P. Byrne's
* Gossip of the Century,' Ward & Downey,
1892 ; Mary Frampton's ' Journal,' Sampson
Low, 1885 ; and Jekyll's ' Correspondence,'
edited by Bourke, Murray, 1894.
W. S. S.
BISHOP MICHAEL H. T. LUSCOMBE (US.
ii. 349, 456). Since the reply at the latter
reference I have seen a portrait of Bishop
Luscombe. It is in the possession of the
Rev. E. Killin Roberts, Rector of St.
Andrew, Hertford, of which parish Lus-
combe was formerly curate. I feel sure
that MB. CANN HUGHES will obtain further
information if he will communicate with
Mr. Roberts. HENBY T. POLLABD.
Hertford.
"YOBKEB" (11 S. ii. 505). With all
respect, I venture to differ from PBOF.
SKEAT'S derivation of this word. I doubt
if the prolific crop of new words referring to
sport follows any scientific or known rules of
philology. If they do, the derivation of
" yorker " from yarker, "jerk," would
certainly be at fault. In the first place, a
jerk is expressly forbidden by the rules of
cricket : "A ball must be bowled. If
thrown or jerked, the umpire shall call
' no ball.' ' No cricketer could therefore
have applied the term " yarker " to a fairly
bowled ball.
A " yorker " is a ball which pitches close
to the bat and passes underneath it, the
batsman mistaking it for either a half-
volley or a full pitch, and consequently
failing to come down upon it. Till the sixties
of the last century it was called a "tice,"
because it enticed a batsman to hit when he
should not do so. In the sixties the word
" yorker " was introduced, and the ball in
question is now known by no other name.
The permission and development of over-
arm bowling may have had some influence
on the cultivation of this most useful ball ;
in any case, there seems no reason to doubt
that its frequent use by a Yorkshire eleven
gave it its present, name.
The word undoubtedly came into vogue as a
noun : the verb " to york " was introduced
a good deal later. JOHN MUBBAY.
50, Albemarle Street. W.
Is there not some mistake in PBOF. SKEAT'S
note ? I am no authority on cricket, but
I know what a jerk is, and I am sure that
neither jerking nor throwing the ball has
ever been allowed. Londoner, Hollander,
and in German Schweitzer are well known,
and not derived from verbs. " Burgher,"
"crowder," "butcher," "hosier," "pot-
walloper," "falconer," "potter," "barrister,"
38
NOTES AND QUERIES. tii s. ni. JAN. u, mi.
" horner," " coroner," " tinker," seem ex-
amples of common words ending in -er,
yet not derived from verbs. A saddler does
not saddle horses, but makes saddles. Slang
words e.g., a " wonner," " a goner," " a
Peeler " seem to show that similar words
are still in process of formation.
T. WILSON.
Harpenden.
The labourers hereabouts refer to the
straps which they generally wear outside
their trousers, below the knee, as " Yorks."
No one locally can give the reason for this
name. JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.
VISCOUNT OSSINGTON (11 S. ii. 508).
If MB. T. H. MILLER will refer to the collected
volumes of Once a Week, he will find in the
number for February, 1872, a cartoon of
Viscount Ossington, entitled ' Mr. Speaker '
full length, in wig and robes, and wearing a
cocked hat. The portrait is understood
to have been an excellent likeness, and might
perhaps supply the lack of a photograph.
W. SCOTT.
"TENEDISH" (11 S. ii. 286, 354, 493).
In reply to SIR JAMES MURRAY'S query,
Mr. HODGKIN proposes (11 S. ii. 354) to
regard the first syllable as Du. " tenne, tin,"
and shows by a quotation (1569) that such
vessels were made of tin. I think this is
probably the right route. The definition of
tenedish (1688) as " a piece of Lead made like
a Muscle shell, in which the black is kept
moist to work withal," rather suggests a
standish, e.g. " atramentarium, an Ink-horn
or Standish, or thing to keep black colour in "
(Gouldman, 1669). Standish, traditionally
derived from " stand-dish," is quoted by
Prof. Skeat for 1557. It seems to have been
a common word in the seventeenth century
(Florio, scrittoio ; Cotgrave, cabinet ; Holy-
oak, atramentarium, &c.), and 'to have been
popularly associated with stand (cf. ink-
stand) and dish. I do not think it has any
necessary connexion with either. It appears
to have been the metal table inkpot which
replaced the older portable inkhorn. Miege
(1679) has "standish, un grand 6critoire,
comme ceux qui sont faits d' Stain." Now
O.F. estain could have given M.E. *stain,
*sten, and, if introduced a second time after
the disappearance of the -s-, *tain or *ten.
The aphetic form tain, used of the tinfoil
applied to the back of a mirror, has passed
into E. (see ' N.E.D.,' s.v. tain). It seems
possible that standish may be for *staindish,
***tendish, influenced by stand, and that
tenedish is a later doublet. Or the stan and
tene may be cognate words which have
arrived by different routes (cf. stank and
tank). I do not know whether there has
ever been an E. *stan, " tin," but L. stan-
num is represented in some of the Celtic
languages (see Skeat, s.v. tin).
The second element may be dish? though
the E. liking for the ending -ish (e.g., squeam-
ish for older squeamous, rubbisA. for older
robots) and the vagaries of popular ety-
mology make it unlikely. I should guess-
that both words may be due to some O.F.
phrase such as " vase (or escritoire) en
estain doux" Cotgrave has " estaim doux,
the best kind of Tynne ; gotten in Corn-
wall." The naming of an object from the
metal of which it is composed is common,
e.g., a brass, a copper, a pewter, a tin.
ERNEST W^EEKLEY.
The Romance of Bookselling: a History front the
Earliest Titles to the Twentieth Century. By
Frank A. Mumby. (Chapman & Hall. )
TRAVELLERS in the bypaths of literature will
remember the incident recorded in ' Le Paradis des
Gens de Lettres,' in which the writer is led by
his celestial guide to the house from which the
one-eyed publisher distributed with lavish hands
twenty-pound notes as payment for a sheet of
sixteen printed pages to the crowd of happy
authors who thronged the garden of his mansion.
By these generous gifts the publisher felt himself
purged and absolved from any sin against the
Light, and in this excellent volume Mr, Mumby
has traced the steps which have led to this desir-
able rapprochement between writer and publisher,
and the means by which the dream of Asselineau
has nearly approached fulfilment.
It may be safely said that in the commercial
world there is no class that merits more highly the
confidence of the public than that which is
engaged in the production of books. The pro-
duction of books is necessarily allied with the
production of literature, and in considering the
history of bookselling, it is pleasant to recall the
satisfactory relations that have usually existed
between publisher and author. Pope may have
occasionally satirized a bookseller, but his associa-
tion with Lintot is entirely to the credit of both
parties. Johnson corrected Osborne with a
knock-down blow, but towards no one had he
friendlier feelings than towards poor Tom Davies
or that nonpareil of publishers, Robert Dodsley,
In later times the name of Murray is inseparably
woven with that of Byron ; and if the confidence
which Scott tplaced in Constable and Ballantyne
had unfortunate results, it was based upon the
friendship that existed between them. In
reading such a book as Mr. Muniby's, one's pre-
dominant feeling is that if the bookseller has not
exactly created a Paradise, he has done much
to shed sunshine on the often dreary life of the
professional author.
ii s. m. JAN. 14, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
In this fact perhaps lies the romance which Mr.
Mumby finds in the history of " the Trade."
If we refer to the great dictionary which ought
to lie at the elbow of every literary man, we find
that " romantic " connotes something in the way
of chivalry and adventure. Chivalry may
pertain more to the man than the bookseller, but
the spirit of adventure cannot be wanting in those
who daily launch their barks upon unknown seas.
A really good history of these venturesome heroes
has long been a desideratum, and Mr. Mumby
within his limits has in a very meritorious manner
attempted to fill the void. He would, however, have
done better to call his book a ' History of Pub-
lishing in England,' for beyond a general sketch of
what he terms the " Beginnings of the Book
World," the contents of the volume are almost
wholly confined to an account of the London
book-trade. The retail bookseller, to whom
literature owes so much, is only seen dimly in the
background ; and of the many eminent London
and provincial representatives of that branch of
the trade, only Mr. Quaritch and Messrs. Sotheran
appear to be mentioned by name, and that per-
haps more by virtue of their having published
various works than in recognition of their high
distinction as purveyors of ancient and modern
learning.
To deal with all branches of the'trade would be
impossible in a book of reasonable size, but we
feel some regret in finding no description of a very
interesting offshoot from the parent trunk. One
or two short sketches of the chapbook trade have
been written, but the subject has never been
thoroughly explored, though during the eigh-
teenth century the only providers of literature
in the remoter hamlets of the country were the
" Walking " or " Travelling Stationers," who
carried their wares from the printing presses in
Aldermary Churchyard or Bow Churchyard,
whence on one fine afternoon Boswell, who had
been fired with the ambition of writing a story in
the style of Jack the Giantkiller, carried off the
splendid collection of chapbooks which is now
housed in the Library of Harvard University.
It is to these humble benefactors, and to their
successors, such as Drewry of Derby and Dicey of
Northampton, that we owe the preservation of the
old Elizabethan legends, such as Tom Thumb and
Tom Hickathrift, Jack Homer and Long Meg of
Westminster, and they would seem to merit a
slight niche in the memorial which is perhaps too
much devoted to the aristocrats of the Trade.
This, after all, is a minor matter, and it gives
us pleasure to testify to the general value of the
book, the wide range of information that it con
veys, and the agreeable manner in which it is
written. The few slips we have noticed are un-
important. In referring to Swinburne's ' Atalanta
in Calydon ' it might have been stated that though
the title-pages of the first two editions are identical,
the earlier is in quarto and the later in foolscap
octavo, so that there is no possibility of confusion
between the two. Moxon did not publish ' The
Statue and the Bust ' and, it may be added,
' Cleon ' till 1855, though, from Mr. Mumby's
language on p. 304, it might be inferred that
Browning's connexion with that publisher ceased
on Messrs. Chapman & Hall issuing ' Christmas-
Eve and Easter-Day ' in 1850 (there was then no
question of a " collected edition " of Browning's
works).
A ' Bibliography of Publishing and Book-
selling ' by Mr. W. H. Peet, reprinted, with addi-
tions, from these columns, forms an Appendix to
bhe book. This is excellent as far as it goes, but it
oes only a very short distance. Foreign works on
the subject are not included. ' Book-Prices Current '
finds a place, but not ' Book-Auction Records,'
which often contains biographical and other-
contributions on bookselling and booksellers. Big-
more and Wyman's ' Bibliography of Printing,*
though incidentally mentioned on p. 460, should
have been inserted in the body of the work, as
it contains hundreds of references to the book-
producing trade, and also a capital biography
of the late Bernard Quaritch, with an engraved
portrait representing him as he was known to his
friends and customers in the seventies and eighties
Smith's ' Obituary ' (see p. 464) was not re-
printed in Willis's Current Notes for February*
1853 : there is only a short notice of the book*
with a few extracts relating to booksellers and
stationers. The Bibliography needs some revision,,
and we trust that Mr. Peet will devote himself to
its republication in a fuller and more eclectic f orm..
IN The National Review for January ' Episodes
of the Month ' and ' Two Elections and a Moral *
by Politicus deal frankly with the position of the
Unionist party, the election which was recently
concluded, and the results attained. It is
not surprising to find that Mr. Balfour's introduc-
tion of the Referendum at the last moment
before the conflict began is described as a " painful
blunder," and it is further stated that " under
Mr. Balfour there is little or no hope of the-
Unionist party regaining its influence in the
State," as he is out of touch with the " man in the
street." In 'Sea Law made in Germany* Miv
H. W. Wilson considers Mr. T. G. Bowles's,
recently published ' Sea Law and Sea Power,'
and the official answers to its indictments. A
main point in the discussion concerns British
food-supplies in time of war, a subject of the
gravest importance. Dr. Elizabeth Chesser says
many things about ' The Health of the Nation '
which are doubtless true, but the- practical appli-
cation of s\ich regulations as she suggests is the
difficulty. Having given in the last number of
the Revieiv a speech by Mr. Bonar Law, the editor
now publishes one by Mr. Lloyd George delivered
at the Paragon Music-Hall, Mile End, on 21 Nov.
An account of the Portuguese Revolution follows,
being regarded as ' Lloyd-Georgeism in Practice/
Most of the heroes of that outbreak are denounced
as poltroons, and bribery and place-hunting are
rampant. While it is not difficult to see the
failures and ludicrous aspects of the Revolution,
a view of the previous regime and its disastrous
incompetence might be useful to give us a fair
idea of the possibilities of the country and temper
of the people. Lady Helen Graham's ' Impres-
sions of Ober-Ammergau in 1910 ' form a pleasant
but not very significant study in a sentimental
vein.
Mr. J. Arthur Hill's article on ' Christian
Science ' should be read for its facts concerning
Mrs. Eddy, but we do not like its tone. In
' American Affairs ' Mr. A. Maurice Low tells us
that a third term of Presidency for Mr. Roosevelt
is now considered impossible ; and Aga Khan
writes in a complimentary style concerning
' Lord Minto's Viceroyalty.'
40
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. J AX . u, mi.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
MR. FRANCIS EDWARDS'S Catalogue 306 contains
under America ' Biologia Centrali -Americana,'
edited by Godman and Salvin, section Archaeology
by Maudsley, consisting of 1 vol. text, royal 4to,
sewed, and 16 vols. of plates, oblong folio, boards,
1889-1902, 24Z. Under ' Arabian Nights ' is
Burton's edition, Benares, 1885-8, 16 vols., 281.
Under Art and Architecture are a few books from
the library of an architect. Under Blake are a
series of facsimiles, folio, half-morocco, 1876,
51. 5s. (one of a hundred copies for private circula-
tion) ; also Gilchrist's Life, plates on India paper,
2 vols., 1880, 31. 5s. Under Books is Sotheby's
* Principia Typographical 3 vols., imperial 4 to,
1858, 81. 10s. Under Bronte is the Rev. Patrick
Bronte's ' Cottage Poems,' 1811, 7s. Qd. There
are works under Charles I., Civil War, and Common-
wealth. Under John Curtis is the author's own
copy of his ' British Entomology,' with the com-
plete series of the 770 original water-colour draw-
ings, 105?. Publications of the Kelmscott Press
inelude Swinburne's ' Atalanta ' and Morris's
' Golden Legend.' Among works on London
will be found Rocque's Plan, 1746, 51. 5s. ;
Wheatley's ' London, Past and Present,' extended
to 6 vols., half -morocco, 1891, 16Z. ; and Wilkin-
son's ' Londina Illustrata,' large paper, an early
And clean copy, 2 vols., folio, half -morocco, 1819,
11. 10s. Books on Napoleon include the first
edition of Combe, 1815, 12Z. ; and Ireland's Life,
"with series of folding and other coloured plates
by Cruikshank, 4 vols., full red levant, 1828, 351.
Other items are Newman's Works, 33 vols., half-
morocco, 1875-88, 61. 15s. ; and a good tall
copy of the first edition of the Nuremberg Chro-
nicle, old French morocco, the first pages slightly
-wormed, containing the supplement De Samarcia,
but only two blank leaves, 1493, 25Z. ; under
Spenser is the first folio edition, 1611-13, title
mounted, 51. 15s.
Mr. Charles J. Sawyer's Catalogue of New
Books at Half-Prices contains ' Don Quixote,'
"Shelton's translation, with the 260 plates specially
drawn for this edition by Daniel Vierge, 4 hand-
some vols., 1907, 51. 5s. (edition limited to 155
copies, and published at 151. net). There are
many works suitable for presentation, including
illustrated books such as ' The Three Musque-
teers,' with 250 pictures by Leloir, 2 vols., imperial
8vo, 11. 10s. ; and ' The Bible in Art,' 2 vols.,
15s. Qd. Other works are ' Religious Systems
of the World,' 4s. Qd. ; Graetz's ' History'of the
Jews,' 5 vols., 11. 15s. ; and Gibbs's ' Men and
"Women of the French Revolution/ 28 full-page
portraits, 4to, 17s. 6d. There are also works of
travel, biographies, and volumes in all classes of
literature.
Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current
710 contains a complete set of Ackermann's
Repository, 40 vols., royal 8vo, half-russia, 1809-
1828, very scarce, 65Z. Under Ainsworth is the
large-type Library Edition, 16 vols., half-morocco,
'81. 15s. There are works under Aldine Press,
Alp-Lore, and America. There is a complete
set of ' The Annual Register,' tree calf extra.
Under Matthew Arnold is the Edition de Luxe,
15 vols., half-levant by Riviere, 1903-4, 211.
Under Bacon are Spedding's edition, 14 vols.,
new calf, 121. 12s. ; and Pickering's edition,
edited by Basil Montagu, 17 vols., new morocco,
1825, 22Z. 10s. There is a fine specimen of
binding from the library of Henry VIII. Under
Browning are first editions. Carlyle items include
the Centenary Edition. Under Chaucer is the
Clarendon Press edition ; and under China is
Brinkley's ' Japan and China,' Library Edition,
limited to 500 copies, 12 vols., half orange levant,
1903-4, 18Z. 18s. There is a fine collection of
coaching books, 20 vols., red levant by Riviere,
1882-1905, 58Z. 10*. A long list under Dickens
includes numerous first editions. Among many
handsome sets are the works of. George Eliot,
Edward FitzGerald, J. R. Green, Ben Jonson,
Jesse, &c. The Catalogue also contains three
rare copies of Chapman's ' Homer ' ; a number of
works under India ; and a fine original set of
Punch, with all the wrappers and advertisements,
1841-1908, 135 vols., new half-morocco, 125L
Under Shakespeare are copies of the Second and
Third Folios.
Mr. Albert Sutton's Manchester Catalogue 184
contains first and early editions of Harrison Ains-
worth ; also the Windsor Edition, 20 vols., 1901,
4Z. 4s. Under Blake is the Life by Gilchrist,
2 vols., 1880, 21. 10s. There is the first edition of
* The Zincali,' and the second of ' The Bible in
Spain.' The first edition of Brome's ' Horace,'
morocco, 1666, is 4/. Under Coleridge is Cottle's
' Recollections,' 2 vols., 1837, 12s. ; under
Thomas Hardy, first editions of ' Tess ' and ' The
Trumpet-Major ' ; under Lever, a collection of
first editions, 10 vols., uniform half-calf, 1839-65,
11. Is. ; under Marryat, first editions of ' Poor
Jack ' and * The Pirate ; and under Punch a set
of the original issue. There are some first editions
of Thackeray, and the Library Edition, 22 vols.,
half -morocco, 1869, 11. 15s. The Satirist, or
Monthly Meteor. 1808-12 (wanting vol. vi., &c.), is
21. 2*.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
to
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
P. F. STEPHENSON (" Pickwick : Through the
button-hole ") See 10 S. i. 228. 272, 298.
W. S. S. ("Peacock's Works "). Forwarded to
querist.
ii s. in. JAN. 21, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
41
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 21, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 56.
NOTES : Stained Glass in Essex Churches, 41 The
" Bow- Wow" Style, 42 Prince of Monaco's Memoir, 43
Edward Chaplin Anna Seward's Baptism Sybil, Queen
of Scotland, 44- Geoffrey Pole " Carpet-bagger," 45
" Musice mentis medicina maestse " Benjamin Bathurst
Second Earl Spencer's Death Wedgewood Ware and
Water-Carriage, 46 Alnwick : Walking through a Bog, 47.
QUERIES : Bismarck, Miss Russel, and Miss Loraine
Prior's Birthplace Thackeray's Last Words Bowles's
'Hundred of Penwith'- Songs of the Peasantry, 47-' A
Voice from the Bush 'American Words and Phrases
'The Flying Dutchman' Authors Wanted Hartley
Wintney, Hants, 48 Andrew Lang on the Odyssey
Phips Family London Gunsmiths, 49.
REPLIES : Speaker's Chair Gamnecourt : Barbara de
Bierle, 50" Love me, love my dog," 51 Dr. Johnson in
the Hunting Field, 52 Wet Hay Sir Lyonell Guest-
Archbishop Cleaver W. Fitzgerald Rogerson Cotter-
John Coston Nottingham Monastery not in Dugdale, 53
Defoe Methodist Chapel, Tooting Rev. F. W. Faber
Napoleon and the Little Red Man Count of the Holy
Roman Empire, 54 Eminent Librarians Pauper's Badge
C. F. Henningsen and Kossuth " Keep within Com-
pass," 55" Old Cock o' Wax " Leake Family' Tit for
Tat '" Winchester Quart "Moving Pictures to Cine-
matographs, 56 Corn and Dishonesty R's of Sailors
Authors Wanted Inscriptions in Churchyards, 57" God
moves in a mysterious way " ' Pilgrim's Progress '
Imitated Isola Family" Caeqehouias," 58.
NOTES ON BOOKS : ' Walks about Jerusalem.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : Nicolas Mory.
Notices to Correspondents.
STAINED AND PAINTED GLASS IN
ESSEX CHURCHES.
(See 11 S. ii. 361, 462.)
I NOW propose to deal with
THE LIBERTY OF HAVERING.
Havering - atte - Bower (St. John Evan-
gelist). None.
Hornchurch (St. Andrew). The E. window
of the N. aisle is filled with fragmentary
old glass. In the centre is a Crucifixion,
much mutilated. The upper part of the
cross, and the arms, shoulders, and chest
of the figure, are intact, but the head and
neck and legs have gone. Where the head
and neck were has been leaded a head of
'St. Mary Magdalen, taken, no doubt, from
the lower part of the cross ; while fragments
of different kinds have been put in to fill the
place of the legs. The effect is grotesque.
Portions of the figure are distinguishable
Among fragments of tabernacle work leaded
together, in hopeless confusion, in different
parts of the window, and it seems possible
that a careful study of the fragments might
enable one to reconstruct partially the cross
and figure.
On either side of the Crucifixion is a coat
of arms in a circular border, both sadly
mutilated ; while in the tracery is a half-
length figure of St. Edward, King and Con-
fessor, in grissille, with the left hand raised,
probably (but the hand is much faded)
holding up the ring which he gave to St.
John when the Evangelist, in beggar's
guise, asked of him alms as he was assisting
at the dedication of St. John's Church at
Havering.
XL. St. Edward, K. and C.
XLL, XLIL, XLIII. Fragments in
tracery.
XLIV. Side fillings of tracery lights.
XLV. Arms in dexter main light : Arg.,
a fesse dancettee between 8 billets sa.
XL VI. Crucifixion in central main light.
XL VII. Arms in sinister main light :
Parted per pale. Dexter, probably as in
XLV., but, as the shield now stands, its
dexter half consists of fragments of a fesse
dancettee and two billets sa., some old
pieces of tabernacle work, and a fragment,
apparently, from another lost shield, chequee
or and sa. Sinister, also much mutilated,
but it clearly was originally Sa., a chevron
or between 3 garbs arg.
Romford (St. Edward, C.). None.
A correspondent has kindly called my
attention to an error at 1 1 S. ii. 361. Happily,
Little Ilford Church is not without some
remains of old glass ; for the eastern of two
small circular eighteenth-century windows
in the Lethieullier Chapel is filled with
fragments of considerable interest (No. I*
in my collection of drawings).
When I visited the church, the Lethieullier
Chapel, which is used as a vestry, was locked,
and I was unfortunately content with a
sight of its windows from the outside. The
leadwork being modern, I, incautiously, con-
cluded that the glass, too, was of a similar
character.
In the centre of the window to which I
have referred is a shield showing the arms of
England (ancient), viz., Quarterly, 1st and
4th, France (ancient) ; 2nd and 3rd, Eng-
land. Above the shield are remains of a
small 16th-century painting, in brown
enamel heightened with yellow stain, on
a single sheet of glass, of the taking down
of Our Lord from the cross. The drawing
of this little picture is remarkably delicate,
and it bears, in style and treatment, a strik-
42
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
ing resemblance to the medallion in Great
Ilford Hospital Church referred to on p. 362
as I h . Below the shield is what has been an
oval piece of glass, but which, having been
broken, is now in several pieces leaded
together, whereon are the scarcely dis-
cernible remains of a coat of arms, the
blazon of which seems to read, Azure, on
a chevron arg. 3 white roses, seeded and
barbed ppr. between 3 garbs (perhaps fleurs-
de-lis) or. Crest, a seated, or three-quarter,
human figure or. Motto, "... .the truthe."
A noticeable fact about this painting is that
the brown outline and all the colours, except
the yellow stain, have perished to such a
degree that the design can only with diffi-
culty be made out, and I am inclined to
think that it is an example of 16th- or 17th-
century varnish painting on glass, so far as
the pigments other than the yellow stain,
which is bright and clear, are concerned.
On the dexter side of the central shield
is the red rose of Lancaster, barbed ppr.,
with the white rose of York, seeded ppr.,
in pretence. Small fragments of a blue-
and-yellow chaplet remain round the roses,
while above the chaplet is a royal crown of
four half-arches, with crosses patee and
fleurs-de-lis on the circlet and a ball and
cross on the top. On the sinister side of the
shield is a red rose, seeded and barbed ppr.,
with blue-and-yellow chaplet, almost com-
plete, encircling it, and above, a royal crown
similar to, but larger, bolder in design, and
with higher arches than, that over the other
roses.
All these compositions are set in fragments
of 15th-century rectangular quarries and
16th- and 17th-century heraldic mantling
and scrollwork. Among these are pieces of
a third royal crown, which perhaps formerly
ensigned the arms of England. There are
also fragments of quarries with the " crown
in the thorn bush " badge of Henry VII.
and his initials H.R. It may be surmised
that the three principal features of this
" jumble " window the royal arms and the
roses were formerly set in quarries showing
this badge.
On another quarry is a heron, which may
point to the existence, once on a time, in
Little Ilford Church, of a window' set up by,
or having some reference to, a member of
the Heron family, which possessed the
Manor of Aldersbrook in this parish in the
days of Henry VIII. Aldersbrook had
belonged to the Cistercian Abbey of Stratford
Langthorne, and was granted by Henry to
Sir John Heron, Master of his jewel house.
The probability of a Heron window in the
church is also strengthened by the fact
that a brass to Thomas, son and heir to this-
Sir John Heron, is on the north wall. The
inscription below the figure, which is that of
a youth in civilian dress, states that Thomas
died in 1517, aged 14.
I am much indebted to L. M. R. for his
suggestions at 11 S. ii. 464. On the whole,
of the two solutions which he suggests, I
incline to that of Joab slaying Amasa. The
foreground of the painting is open country
trees, undergrowth, and broken ground
very well answering to the description in
2 Sam. xx. of the place where Amasa' s murder
took place, but not so suggestive of the scene
of Joab's slaying of Abner, " the middle of
the gate " of Hebron. The treacherous
slayer, too, in the picture is dressed after the
manner mentioned in verse 8, and promin-
ence is given to his sword scabbard, as in the
Biblical account. On the other hand, it
must be admitted that the murderer holds his
sword (the blade of which is buried in his
victim's right side) in his own right hand,
and he is taking the older man's chin with
his left hand. These slight differences,
however, may be merely the effect of the
artist's liberties with his subject.
F. SYDNEY EDEN,
May croft, Fy field Road, Walthamstow.
THE "BOW-WOW" STYLE.
MB. CURRY'S interesting article (11 S. iL
522) has reminded me of the use of the
familiar cry of the dog by serious writers.
Max Miiller spoke of the extravagances of
the school who favoured onomatopoeic
explanations as " bow-wow words." This-
was meant, of course, sarcastically, and the
word generally connotes contempt and
impudence rather than dignity or impressive -
ness. But this is hardly so in three examples,,
two of which are, I take it, derived from the
earliest. Boswell in his ' Life of Johnson r
(vol. ii. p. 326, ed. Birkbeck Hill) refers to
his hero's mode of speaking as " indeed very
impressive," and adds the note :
" My noble friend Lord Pembroke said once to
me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry and some
truth, that ' Dr. Johnson's sayings would not
appear as extraordinary, were it not for his botc-
ivow way.' "
This clearly represents, to quote Boswell
again in the same passage, Johnson's " deli-
berate and strong utterance." When he
started barking, no one else had a chance
to break in; it was a case of the "sort of
men " mentioned by v Gratiano at the
ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTP:S AND QUERIES.
beginning of ' The Merchant of Venice,' who,
when they do speak, seem to say,
I am Sir Oracle,
And when I ope my lips let no dog bark.
The 'N.E.D.' gives a quotation of 1854
which repeats this characterization of John-
son, but not the passage itself.
Now the mention of a big dog who silenced
his companions or took a dignified lead in
barking would give this meaning more
clearly, and I find Scott in his pleasant way
thus, perhaps, recalling the remark on John-
son. He says ('Journal,' vol. i. p. 61, ed.
1890) concerning the merits of some verses
he wrote in 1825 to the tune of * Bonnie
Dundee ' :
" I wonder if they are good. Ah ! poor Will
Krskine ! thou couldst and wouldst have told me.
I must consult J. B., who is as honest as was W. E.
But then, though he has good taste too, there is
a little of Big Bow-wow about it."
Again (i. 155), Scott praises Jane Austen's
' Pride and Prejudice,' and adds :
" That young lady had a talent for describing
the involvements and feelings and characters of
ordinary life, which is to me the most wonderful
I ever met with. The Big Bow-wow strain I can
do myself like any now going ; but the exquisite
touch, which renders ordinary commonplace
things and characters interesting, from the truth
of the description and the sentiment, is denied to
me."
The first of these references seems to
indicate pretentious or loud assurance ;
the second the Grand Style. One would
expect to find " bow-wow " in the writings
of a master of the vernacular like Shake-
speare, and it occurs in ' The Tempest.'
WINKIE.
PRINCE OF MONACO'S MEMOIR.
(See 10 S. vii. 125,244; viii. 83; 11 S. i. 362.)
THE following is a translation of another
inedited prison paper of the Prince of
Monaco in my possession, and is well
written, without any erasures :
Memoir sent 26 Thermidor [August] to the Com-
mittee of General Safety, and addressed to
the Representatives of the People, composing
the Committee of General Safety.
Citizens, A decree given the 18th of this
month has charged you to set at liberty the
citizens detained as suspects for reasons which
are not designated by the law of 17 September,
Old Style.
The declaration above delivered by the Revo"
lutionary Committee of Vigilance, of the section
of the Ked Cap, gives the reason for my detention
to be the emigration of one of my children. I
thought I had proved by the different Memoirs
that I have addressed to the National Conven-
tion and to its Committees, especially by the-
observations expressed on 14 Pluvidse [March],,
of which I here give an example, that my son
cannot be considered as an e'migre'. Besides, my
absent son is 31 years old, out of my power by the
laws, and has not dwelt with me since his marriage
in 1781 ; he did not tell me of his departure, and
I have not received news of him, nor have I
written to him.
But if my son ever could be called an Emigre,
the law of 17 October, 1793, Old Style, cannot
be applied to me, as it implies that only those
former nobles shall be deemed suspects who are
the fathers of Emigres who have not constantly
manifested their attachment to the Revolution ;
for, first in the quality of Prince of Monaco, and
then in that of a private person, I have always
shown my devotion and my zeal for the happiness
of the French people and the prosperity of
France.
In reality, not satisfied with not having spared
trouble or expense to provide for the victualling
and necessary subsistence of the troops of France
in garrison in the Place de Monaco, and those of
the armies of Italy, sent in detachments into the
said Principality and its environs, I have besides-
borrowed a large sum at Genoa, which I still owe,,
and which I have employed for the same use.
I have several times advanced my own money for
the payment of the French garrison, with the view
of preventing any contingencies that might retard
it. The deeds deposited in the Registers of the
Treasury of the former Principality of Monaco
are now at the disposal of the administrators
of the Department of the Maritime Alps, and
among the letters of the Minister of War' who
has been informed of them.
Protected by the same sentiments, I have always
addressed the strongest representations and
solicitations to the different Ministers of War
to procure for the French troops in garrison at
Monaco things necessary for them, and to make
them preserve exactly the military discipline
and laws decreed by the National Assembly,
which is shown by my letters, that ought to be
found in the War Office.
The proofs of my constant attachment to the
French Republic, as a private person, are no less
real, and although they are contained in the
different Memorials that" I have presented, I will
recall them :
The voluntary gift that I have made of several
horses.
That of 24 guns, or of their equivalent.
That of 4 pieces of bronze cannon which be-
longed to me, to the Commune of Thorigny,
Department of La Manche.
That of the first Tree of Liberty which has been
placed in the same Commune.
The assistance of bread and money that I have
not ceased to give to the poor of the Communes
where I have possessions. The money that 1
have given to the Section of the Red Cap.
Finally, the prompt and exact payment of all
the ordinary and extraordinary contributions
which have been levied on me up to this day.
To all these proofs of my attachment I could
also add my unbroken residence in France from .
the commencement of the year 1790.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911
I believe, Citizens, that this short statemen
argues sufficiently in my favour, and proves
plainly that I cannot be classed, by the law o:
17 September, 1793, Old Style, under suspected
men. I could also support myself in thisi resped
by the Report made by the Diplomatic Com
mittee to the National Convention, 14 February
1793, at the time of the reunion of the Principality
.of Monaco to the French Republic, and claim the
justice which this Committee did not fail to render
on that occasion to the sentiments that I have
always manifested.
But, Citizens, I have without doubt sufficiently
proved that I am entitled to profit by the kind
intentions of the decree of the 18th of this month,
and I implore your justice to grant me speedily
the benefit of it, fully convinced that the repre-
sentatives of a free and generous people will put
.a stop to the detention which I have suffered
for nearly a year, and that they will at the same
time order the removal of the seals put in my
house.
As to the correspondence mentioned above,
I can only congratulate myself that from what
has been sent to the Committee of General Safety
it will be the better able to judge of my true
sentiments. As to being one of the enemies of
the State, I cannot conceive what has led the
Committee of Revolutionary Surveillance, of the
Section of the Red Cap, to use these terms ; in
truth, I am certain of never having written against
the Revolution or the prosperity of the French
Republic, and I defy any one to produce the
slightest proof to the contrary.
Health and Fraternity.
On the title-page of this Memoir was
copied the writing here added :
Reasons for the detention of Citizen Monaco
Grimaldi.
Section of the Red Cap.
Committee of Revolutionary Surveillance.
The 24 Thermidor, year 2 of the Republic one
and indivisible. Arrested as ex-noble, and having
a son an emigre. On taking off the seals placed
-on his house to extract the papers, they have
sent all his correspondence with the enemies of
the State, at home and beyond the Republic,
to the Committee of General Safety.
Made the day and year above said.
Signed D'Aire President and Tosi Secretary.
The MS. is on 4 pp. 4to, similar paper and
watermark to the Examination (11 S. i. 362).
The parts in italics are underlined in the
original. The year seems to be 1794.
D. J.
EDWAED CHAPLIN. I have only just
seen in ' N. & Q.' for 17 December, 1904
(10 S. ii. 488), an inquiry as to Edward
Chaplin, admitted to Westminster School
in 1786. He was my grandfather, born
7 July, 1771, and died 14 November, 1858.
If G. F. R. B. wishes further information,
I shall be happy to give it on his writing to
me. HOLROYD CHAPLIN.
2, Holland Villas Road, W,
ANNA SEWABD : DATE OF HER BAPTISM.
Mr. A L. Reade in his ' Johnsonian Glean-
ings ' (p. 34) writes : "It is strange that the
date of Anna Se ward's birth never seems
to have been correctly stated." He gives
the date as 1 December, 1744.
Being her representative, tracing through
the first wife of John Hunter, I have taken
the trouble (I wish I had done so before
publishing a booklet on Anna Seward) to
obtain a certificate, signed on 5 May, 1910,
by the present Rector of Eyam, which
states that " Anne Seward, the daughter of
the Rev. Thomas Seward, Rector of Eyam,
and Mrs. Elizabeth Seward his wife," was
baptized 28 December, 1742.
The Seward family Bible is in the posses-
sion of Sir Robert White-Thomson of Ex-
bourne, North Devon, who is the representa-
tive of Anna Seward through Hunter's
second wife, and the statement in it that
she was born on the 1st of December, 1744,
and baptized on the 28th of the same month,
and that her sponsors were her Uncle
Norton, her Aunt Martin, and Mrs. Jackson
of Burton, must, of course, now be treated
as erroneous, so far as it relates to the date
of the baptism. STAPLETON MARTIN.
The Firs, Norton, Worcester.
SYBIL, QUEEN or SCOTLAND : HER
PARENTAGE. Alexander I., King of Scot-
Land, about the time of his accession (1107),
married " Sybilla," illegitimate daughter
of Henry I., King of England ('D.N.B.').
Sybil's mother is not referred to, but under
Henry I. she is said to have been a sister
of Waleran, Count of Meulan, the authorities
cited being Orderic and Skene's ' Celtic
Scotland.' No doubt the sister referred to
was Isabel (afterwards wife of Gilbert de
Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke), who was a
mistress of Henry I. (Planche, ' Conqueror
and his Companions,' i. 216).
It seems rash to suggest that Orderic, a
contemporary chronicler, was completely
at fault ; but from a consideration of the
dates involved it seems to me impossible
:hat any sister of Count Waleran can have
3een mother to Sybil. Waleran was the
Idest son of Robert de Beaumont, Count
of Meulan (France), Lord of Pontaudemer
and Beaumont (Normandy), and 1st Earl of
eicester, by his wife Isabel, daughter of
Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois,
younger son of Henry I., King of France
ibid, i. 212). When the marriage of Robert
and Isabel was projected, it was forbidden
n the ground of consanguinity, by Ivo,
3ishop of Chartres, at the beginning of 1096
ii s. m. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
(Chester Waters, ' Gundrada de Warrenne/
pp. 16-17). However, the Pope granted a
dispensation, on condition that Isabel's
father should take the cross, and the marriage
took place in 1096-7. If we assume that their
daughter Isabel was the eldest child of this
marriage, and was born at the earliest
possible moment, she would have been about
ten years of age when her alleged daughter
married the King of Scots.
Even if Alexander's marriage did not take
place so early as stated by the ' D.N.B.'
a point on which Scottish readers may be
able to give some information it seems im-
possible to account for the discrepancy a
whole generation. I suggest that Sybil's
mother must have been another of Henry I.'s
numerous mistresses.
Cobbe calls Alexander's wife " Hedwig,"
but affiliates her to Henry I. as an illegiti-
mate child by " Elizabeth, daughter of
Ho. de Bellomont, Count of Meulan"
('Norman Kings of England,' Table III.).
" De Bellomont " is simply a mistranslation
of " de Bello Monte," the Latinized form of
de Beaumont. G. H. WHITE.
St. Crc SB, Harleston, Norfolk.
GEOFFREY POLE, the Winchester scholar of
whom mention has been made at 9 S. viii.
73, 449, under the heading * Anthony
Fortescue,' and at 9 S. ix. 468 under ' Sir
Geoffrey Pole, died 1558,' was not attainted
26 February, 1562/3 (Appendix II. to the
Fourth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the
Public Records, pp. 263-4), though Sir
Thomas Smith mentions him as privy to
the plot (' Cal. S.P. for 1562,' p. 480), as
he was only 14 years old at the time. In
1576 he was a magistrate of Sussex sus-
pected of Popery (Strype, * Annals/ II. ii.
22), and on 29 October, 1577, he was ordered
to appear before the Privy Council (Dasent,
' Acts,' x. 69). He had gone abroad before
23 June, 1585, and had let Lordington to his
nephew Anthony Fortescue the younger
at 50Z. a year ('Cal. S.P. Dom., 1581-90,'
p. 247, and cf. pp. 351, 354). In the ' Con-
certatio Ecclesise ' he is called Galfrid. The
fugitive Germane Pole (ibid., p. 705 ;
' Cal. S.P. Dom., 1591-4,' at p. 15 ; 1598-
1601, at p. 310), who had a brother Gervase
at the English College, Rome, in 1599,
belonged to the Derbyshire family, and was
not a relative of Geoffrey. In 1600 the
Duke of Parma was endeavouring to obtain
the cardinal's hat for Arthur Pole, a son of
the nephew of Cardinal Pole (i.e. of Geoffrey),
a young man of 25 years of age, brought up
from his childhood in the house of the late
Cardinal Alexander Farnese (' Cal. S.P. Span.,
1587-1603,' at pp. 670, 671). On 19 June,
1622, one of Geoffrey's daughters, Mary, was
professed at St. Monica's Augustinian Con-
vent at Louvain, aged 39, and the ' Chronicle/
vol. i. (Sands & Co., 1904), at pp. 242-3 f
gives this account of her father :
" He was a brave gentleman and courageous, a
most constant Catholic, a harbourer of priests,
and one who, being strong of hand, would beat
the pursuivants and catchpolls so handsomely
that they stood in great fear of him. Insomuch
that once a pursuivant being sent down to serve
a writ upon him for his conscience, he chanced to
meet with the pursuivant upon the way ; so-
that riding together the fellow began to speak
something of Mr. Geoffrey Pole, saying thus : 'He
is a shrewd man of his hands, for he did beat a
brother of mine, but I have here something, I
warrant, that will cool his courage ' ; and told
him how he had brought the writ for him. He
heard him, and said nothing who he was, but
entertained him with talk and rode on together
so long till he had him in a fit place, and then said
to him : ' Here is Geoffrey Pole ; what hast thou
to say to him ? ' The fellow pulled out his writ
and said as the manner is, ' The Queen greets you '
(for it was in her reign). He, hearing this, made
no more ado, but drew his sword and said : ' Look
here, fellow, I give thee thy choice ; either eat
up this writ presently, or else eat my sword :
for one of both thou shalt do ere we part hence/
The poor man began to quake for fear and durst
not resist him, but like a coward was wholly
daunted, and did indeed eat up the writ for mere
fear rather than he would be killed. So became
the writ of no effect, but only to punish the
pursuivant for his pains. Such like good feats
did this worthy gentleman perform, showing
always his zeal unto the Catholic religion. At
length he came over to this side the seas, where
he died like a constant Catholic, in voluntary
banishment at Antwerp."
The chronicler also states that Geoffrey was
the only one of all the sons of Sir Geoffrey
who had issue. She also tells us, at p. 257,
that one of Geoffrey's sisters was mother-in-
law to a certain Richard Lamb, Esq., who
was in the household of Lord Montague.
Is it known whom Geoffrey married ?
Or what became of his issue ?
JOHN B. WAINEWKIGHT.
" CARPET - BAGGER." In a recent Times
article on American social conditions it
was mentioned that this expression was
applied by Southerners after the Civil War
to Northern officials sent among them during
the Reconstruction period. The term was
unpopular as denoting one whose worldly
possessions could be carried in a carpet-
bag. In this country " carpet-bagger "
seems to mean an unknown meteoric candi-
date who puts up at a local hotel with his
carpet-bag during the contest. Not long
ago I heard this term applied to a municipal
46
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
candidate who crossed to a different quarte
of London from that in which he residec
and was known. As the carpet-bag is rarely
if ever, seen in these days, though the politi
cal epithet " carpet-bagger " is likely t(
continue in currency, its etymology will be
come obscure. FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.
["Carpet-bagger," described as U.S. politica
slang, is in the section of the ' N.K.D.' publishe
in 1888. The last sentence of the article notice
the introduction of the term into English politics.
" MUSICE MENTIS MEDICINA
In No. 33, p. 28, of * A Student's Pastime
(' N. & Q.,' 3 S. xii. 412) Prof. Skeat writes :
" On the fly-leaf of a Collection of Musica
Tunes, by John Dowlande, M.B., in MS. Camb
Univ. Dd. ii. 11, is the following specimen o
-alliteration : ' Musica mentis medicina mcestae.' '
The source of the quotation does not seem
to have been recognized.
A still more striking example of allitera
tion is afforded when these words are com-
bined with the remainder of the stanza :
Musice mentis medicina moestac,
Musice multum minuit malorum,
Musice magnis, metliis, minutis
Maxima mittit.
This is the conclusion of a poem by Walter
Haddon (1516-72), headed ' De Musica '
on p. 69 (wrongly numbered 66) of his
* Poemata,' at the end of his ' Lucubra-
tiones,' London, 1567. The poem consists
of five Sapphic stanzas, the first three lines
of each beginning with some case of
" musice."
Burton, ' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 2.2.6.3,
6th ed., p. 299, has " Musica est mentis
medicina mcestce, a roaring-meg against
Melancholy." The last words must have
been suggested by the title of a work of
1598 quoted, under ' Roaring Meg, in the
"'N.E.D.' : 'Tyros Roring Megge Planted
against the walles of Melancholy,' which is
in the list (Selden MS. 80, supra) of Burton's
books that were given to the Bodleian.
EDWARD BENSLY.
BENJAMIN BATHURST. The ' D.N.B.' has
found this English diplomat worthy of
notice on account of his mysterious dis-
appearance in Germany now more than 101
years ago. With regard to his death The
Observer of 18 December last published a
short notice under the title of ' A Century-
Old Mystery,' according to which a skeleton
was found recently in a field close to the
little Prussian town of Perleberg, near Berlin,
^buried face downwards, and with a large hole
in the forehead. The only object found
with the remains was " a large key, believed
to be of old English workmanship." The
bones were being examined as to their age.
L. L. K.
*
THE SECOND EARL SPENCER : HIS DEATH.
The recent death of John, fifth Earl
Spencer, has occasioned some newspaper
references to the Althorp library and its
founder, George John, the second Earl.
It is rather difficult to say how much assis-
tance his eulogizer T. Frognall Dibdin
rendered in bringing that marvellous col-
lection together probably very little ; but
at least in his * Bibliotheca Spenceriana '
he compiled a most useful work, and satis-
fied the pride of his patron, who rewarded
him by obtaining his appointment to the
living of St. Mary, Bryanston Square.
The news of Lord Spencer's last illness
and death came to Dibdin suddenly in a
letter now before me :
Althorp, Nov. 10, 1834.
MY DEAR SIR,
As Lord Spencer's illness has only been of four
days' duration, it is probable that you may not
yet have heard of it. Most truly grieved am I to
tell you, as you will be to hear, that there is no
doubt of its terminating fatally ; and it is more
than probable that the postscript to this will
confirm the suspicion. Lord Althorp and all the
family are here. You and I and very many more
will lose in him their best friend.
My dear Sir,
Very sincerely yours,
GEO. APPLEYARD.
P.S. 25 min. past 2.
T have just seen him breathe his last.
The Rev'd Dr. Dibdin.
The letter is not addressed, but probably
Dibdin was then living at 58, Cambridge
Street, Connaught Square.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
WEDGE WOOD WARE AND WATER-CARRIAGE.
In the course of a recent search through
The Nottingham Journal for 1780 I inci-
dentally came across and scanned a note of
ome interest to ceramic students, although
r did not, unfortunately, note the precise
late. The item in question related to the
onviction of a Nottingham man for stealing
i large quantity of earthenware from a cask
n a barge on the Trent, at Wilford Shoals,
he said earthenware being the property of
osiah Wedge wood of Etruria, Stafford-
hire. Wilford is immediately above Not-
ingham, on this river, and the note illus-
rates the former importance of carriage by
ter in England. A. STAPLETON.
Nottingham.
ii s. m. JAN. 21, MI.] .NOTES AND QUERIES.
ALNWICK : WALKING THROUGH A BOG.
John Wesley makes the following note
in his ' Journal ' for 25 April, 1753 :
" We came to Alnwick on the day whereon those
who have gone through their apprenticeship are
made free of the corporation. Sixteen or seventeen,
we were informed, were to receive their freedom this
day, and in order thereto (such is the unparalleled
wisdom of the present corporation, as well as of
their forefathers), to walk through a great bog (pur-
posely preserved for the occasion ; otherwise it
might have been drained long ago), which takes up
some of them to the neck, and many of them to the
breast."
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
BISMARCK, Miss RUSSEL, AND Miss
LORAINE. Prince Otto von Bismarck (born
1815), the first Chancellor of the German
Empire, was in Aix-la-Chapelle in 1836,
where, as well as in 1837 in Wiesbaden, he
was on friendly terms with two young
English ladies whose names, according to
a letter from Bismarck to his wife in 1851,
were " Miss Russel and Miss Isabella
Loraine." It is reported that Bismarck
had then the serious intention of becoming
engaged to one of these ladies.
In another letter from Bismarck dated
1836 the above-named Miss Russel is referred
to as " the niece of the Duke and Duchess
of C." This " C." means, doubtless, Cleve-
land.
Any information about the life, birth,
family, &c., of Miss Russel and Miss Isa-
bella Loraine would be appreciated by
DR. A. VON WILKE.
Wilmersdorf, near Berlin, Kaiserallee 192.
MATTHEW PRIOR'S BIRTHPLACE. Has
anything been discovered in regard to
Matthew Prior's parents, ancestry, and place
of birth since Johnson wrote the ' Lives of
the English Poets ' ? In it he speaks of Prior
as of unknown parents ; saying that accord-
ing to some he was born at Wimborne,
Dorset, but that others said he was the son
of a joiner in London. In a note Johnson
adds :
" The difficulty of settling Prior's birthplace
is great. In the register of his College he is
called, at his admission by the President, Matthew
Prior of Winburn in Middlesex ; by himself next
day, Mathew Prior of Dorsetshire, in which county,
not in Middlesex, Winborn, or Wimborne as it
stands in the ' Villare,' is found. When he stood
candidate for his fellowship five years after-
wards, he was registered again by himself as of
Middlesex. The last record ought to be pre-
ferred, because it was made upon oath," &c.
There are references to this subject in
'N. & Q.' previous to 1893; also in Hutchins's
' Dorset,' third edition, and in Longmaris
Magazine for October, 1884 ; but I infer
that at that date nothing was definitely
known either as to his parents or place of
birth. E. HAVILAND HILLMAN.
3227, Campo S. Samuele, Venice.
[The ' D.N.B.' in 1896 gave the date of Prior's
birth as 21 July, 160-1, and state that the place
is uncertain, but that " the bulk of tradition "
is in favour of Dorset.]
THACKERAY'S LAST WORDS. Thackeray
was found dead in his bed at 2, Palace Green,
Kensington, on Christmas morning, 1863.
According to his biography by his daughter,
the last words he ever wrote, which were
found by his bedside, were these : " And
his heart throbbed with an infinite peace."
In which of his works do these words occur ?
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
8, Tottenham Place, Clifton.
[Not correctly quoted, but from the latest sheets
of ' Denis Duval.j
BOWLES'S ' HUNDRED OF PEN WITH.' I
should be very grateful indeed to any owner
of Bowles's ' Short Account of the Hundred
of Penwith' (1805) who would be kind
enough to lend me this scarce volume. I
am writing a history of the parishes of
Phil lack and Gwithian, and desire to refer
to the above work.
J. HAMBLEY ROWE, M.B.
88, Horton Grange Road, .Bradford,
SONGS OF THE PEASANTRY. Have any
readers heard old servants, gardeners,
labourers, and others singing songs remem-
bered from youthful days ? I began to
collect such songs twenty years ago, and have
been the means of saving many a gem
from being forgotten. I am about to
publish another book of songs of the
peasantry, and shall feel obliged if any
reader will contribute to it, naming the
binger and place where obtained. Acknow-
ledgment will be made. Songs lately
published are not desired. Dialect or
ordinary English words may be sent, and
the name of the tune or a rough copy of the
melody should be given. Songs of love-
struck swains, dialogues between lovers,
liumorous incidents in life, carols, ballads,
48
NOTES AND QUERIES. fu s. IIL JAN. 21, 1911.
heroic deeds, and love of animals, flowers,
and country scenes are the topics that I
have in mind. Any help in my quest
will be gratefully received.
JOHN GBAHAM,
Editor of Dialect Songs, Morris Dances, &c.
74, Park Hall Road, East Finchley, N.
' A VOICE FROM THE BUSH.' I am very
anxious to obtain a copy of a poem called
' A Voice from the Bush.' I was told it
was by Lindsay Gordon, but have been
unable to find it. Could you tell me where
it is to be found, or who is the author ?
MARGARET LAWRENCE.
The Lawn, Windsor Road, Chorley, Lanes.
AMERICAN WORDS AND PHRASES. I con-
clude from 10 S. xi. 469 ; xii. 107 ; 11 S. ii.
67, my list of words and phrases in American
papers :
Read out. This means to turn a man out of a
political party, the allusion being to a kind of
excommunication. Was there ever among the
Independents or others an actual " reading "
of a person out of the society ?
Squab boat. What was this ? In 1800 I read
of a " squab boat skipper."
Stansberry reproof. Who was Stansberry ? One
man (1839) is determined to give another this
kind of reproof, apparently a pistol-shot.
Stifel. A horse is said (1798) to be " narrow
across the stifel." This looks mightily like a
Holland word, but I do not find it in the Dutch
dictionary.
Stocking feet, i.e., feet without shoes. Is this
expression Scottish ?
Toe the mark. Are there any English examples
before 1819 ?
Tunket. What is this ? The phrase " as cold
as a tunket " occurs in 1847.
Tussey boys. What were they ? In 1838 Mr
Bynum of North Carolina used the phrase in
Congress.
Unterrified, the. Who first applied this term
to the Democratic party ?
Vicksburger. This was (1836) a large hat. Was
there a factory of such hats at Vicksburg ?
W T hitehead. To do a thing like a whitehead was
(about 1830) to do it thoroughly. W 7 hat is th
allusion ?
Whitewash. Are there English examples of this
verb in a figurative sense before 1762 ? In thai
year The Boston Evening Post alludes to a man
" lately whitewashed (taken the benefit of th
Bankrupt Act)." And in 1800 it means to
cleanse a character superficially.
i r ork waggon. W T as this a waggon made a1
York in Pennsylvania ?
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
6 THE FLYING DUTCHMAN.' I wish to
.earn the name of the author of the verses-
entitled * The Flying Dutchman,' beginning
Before the screaming hurricane, the Dutchman
pitched and rolled ;
She staggered along to the storm's wild song
And buried her decks the seas among,
Till the dawn brake bitterly cold.
Where may they be found ? C. B,
AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Who was the author of a piece of poetry in
which the last line of every verse runs some-
what as follows ?
0, never question curiously.
The last verse is somewhat as follows :
I charge you, ye impassioned few,
If the white swanwing comes to you,
What is to you the whence or how ?
Be happy in the blissful now ;
Accept the light that glads thy brow,
And never question curiously.
N. u. a
Midway the road of our life's term they met,
And one another knew without surprise,
Nor cared that beauty stood in mutual eyes,
Nor at their tardy meeting nursed regret
C. L. H.
A touch of the sun for pardon,
The song of a bird for mirth ;
We are nearer God's heart in the garden
Than anywhere else on the earth.
W. W. K.
HARTLEY WINTNEY, HANTS : PRIORESS
MARTYN'S MONUMENT. The will of Eliza-
beth Martyn, " sometime prioress of Wynt-
ney," dated 24 July, 1584, and proved in the
Peculiar Court of the Dean of Sarum
(Register iv. fo. 147), directs that her body
should be buried in the chancel of Hartley
Wintney, and contains the following
clause :
" I would that a stone should be layde over
my grave w th a picture of a plate of a woman
in a long garment w th wyde sieves hir handes
ioyned together holdinge uppon her brest and
figured over her hedd In te domine speraui non
confundor in seternum In justicia tua libera me
et salua me I woulde that an herse shoulde be
standinge over my grave by the space of an whole
yere couerued ouer w th black cotten w th a cross of
white fusty on."
A sum of 10?. is left for conveying the body
from Okingham.
Can any one say if these directions were
carried out ? F. J. POPE.
17, Holland Road, W.
us. in. JAN. 2i, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
49
ANDBEW LANG ON THE ODYSSEY. Some
fifteen years ago, about Christmastime, there
was an article by Mr. Andrew Lang in some
well-known illustrated paper, consisting of a
review of the Odyssey, at its first publication,
by the Theates of Chios. What is the refer-
ence to this article ? W. WALLAS.
PHIPPS on PHIP FAMILY. I have made
a large collection of notes on persons of the
name of Phipps and Phip of nearly every
county in England, of Ireland, the West
Indies, and of New England. It includes
abstracts of many P. wills dating from
1521 to 1810, which I propose to get printed.
I shall be glad to get more notes from old
registers or documents, and to correspond
with any one interested. I want especially
to know more of the P. family of Notting-
ham (and perhaps of Derbyshire) before
1600. Robert P. of St. Nicholas, Notting-
ham (described as gentleman in his son's
marriage licence), married, 1574, Isabel
Brounley, and had sons George, William,
Anthony. An administration was granted
in 1615 to George P. of Robert P. " nuper
de Baker, Notts," a place now unknown.
George P. was of Edwalton, near Notting-
ham, and married, 1606, Ann, dau. of
William Elliott of Stoke, and widow of John
Power of Edwalton. I cannot find his will.
In 1616 an administration P.C.C. was
granted to Ann, widow of George P. of Ufnng-
ton, Lincoln.
Of George's children Francis, Caleb, Ann,
Judith, the eldest Francis went to Reading
about 1630, and owned " The Bear Inn "
there ; he was imprisoned in Windsor Castle
by the Parliamentarians. He married pro-
bably three times, and by his second wife
Anne, dau. of Sharpe of Cirencester
(who left a will which I cannot find), had
among others a son Capt. James P. of St.
Kitts, West Indies, who continued my line
there, and was killed in 1689 by the French
during the siege. Another son was Sir Con-
stantine P., an ancestor of the Mulgraves
(see Crisp, vol. Notes).
I know a good deal about the families of
Ecclesfield (York), of Oxford and Herts, of
Warwick, and of Wilts.
What is the authority for the statement
that a Col. William P. of Lincoln raised a
regiment of horse for King Charles I. ?
He was not the ancestor of Sir Constantino
P., as Burke used to say. George P. of
Ecclesfield, writing about 1740 to one of Sir
Constantino's family, says that these two
families had been confused, but then him-
self confuses them. He says also that a Col.
P. was with Sir Francis Wortley when he
drove Hotham into Hull.
The name is spelt in fifty different ways,
but in only one case have I found any sign of
Phipps coming from Phillips.
I think I have a clue to the family of Sir
William P., Governor of New England.
Communications should be addressed to
R.A. Mess, Ferozepore, India.
H. R. PHIPPS, Major R.F.A.
LONDON GUNSMITHS AND THEIB WOKK.
Is there any book of reference or monograph
dealing with this subject ? I have collected
the names of upwards of fifty makers who
produced firearms during the eighteenth
century and the first half of the nineteenth,
but with rare exceptions I can learn nothing
about the individuals or firms. In many
cases makers seem to have collaborated,
one firm's name appearing on the barrel,
while another's is engraved on the locks,
but more often the names are the same on
both.
Amongst the names which I have found
engraved on examples of the period referred
to are :
1. On Early eighteenth-century work. Hosey,
John. Rowland, R. Tourney, John.
2. Middle eighteenth- century. Cahtman. Col-
lumbell. Diemar. Hadley, H. Hudson, Thos,
Mackenzie, D. Segallas. Shruder, James. Tur-
Vey, \V.
3. Late eighteenth-century. Baker. Barbar.
Barker. Bayr, Thos. Bidet. Davis, T. Griffin
(Bond Street). Griffin & Tow. Harman, John.
Huhnstock, A. Kolbe. Knubley. Nock. Nock, H.
Parkes. Tanner. Tatham. Tatham & Egg.
4. Early nineteenth-century. Baker. Baker, E.
Baker, Ezekiel. Baker, E., & Sons. Bate.
Bates. Brown, E. (Strand). Brunn, S. (55,
Charing Cross). Buresch, F. A. Clark (Holborn).
Dupe & Co. Egg, D. Egg, Joseph (1, Picca-
dilly). Gills. Manton. Manton, Joseph. Mor-
timer, R. W. Mortimer, W. H. Mosely.
Standenmayne or Staiidenmayer (this name
appears in both forms).
Certain Silversmiths seem to have special-
ized in making mounts, trigger-guards, &c.,
for gunsmiths. Three of these whose work
recurs frequently were Mark Bock (Shoe
Lane), Jeremiah or Jeconiah Ashley (Green
Street), and John King. Some information
regarding these is found in Jackson's
' English Goldsmiths and their W rk -'.
The same names reappear in different
combinations, but the above are the most
common. Baker, whose name occurs most
frequently, was the maker of the first rifled
weapon adopted by the British Army, as
when the 95th Regiment was constituted
as a rifle corps it was armed with a " rifled
50
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. j.. 21, 1911.
musket," invented and manufactured by
this Baker.
The names of the two Manton brothers,
John and Joseph, appear more rarely, and
generally on sporting firearms, although
pistols are occasionally found with the name.
The biography of these two is in the
' D.N.B.,' from which it appears that " Joe
Manton," in spite of his great repute,
became insolvent in 1826. John Manton's
shop was in Dover Street.
Joseph Egg had a shop at 1, Piccadilly,
and his address is sometimes found engraved
on his productions. D. Egg (whose Christian
name was Durward, although I have never
seen it on any of his numerous weapons)
was specially noted for making pistols, but
he seems also to have made a type of fowling-
piece which has been recently introduced
again, in which the barrels are placed
vertically above each other.
Information regarding any of the names
mentioned in the foregoing list will be received
with interest. Please reply direct.
E. RODGEB.
Western Club, Glasgow.
SPEAKER'S CHAIR OF THE OLD
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
(11 S. ii. 128, 177, 218, 331.)
MY attention has been called by Mr. E.
Wilson Dobbs of this city to the articles
at the first three references relative to the
Speaker's Chair of the House of Commons
during Sir Charles Manners-Sutton's Speaker-
ship. His son, the second Viscount Canter-
bury, presented to the Parliament of Victoria,
of which colony he was Governor, a chair
bearing the following inscription :
" The Speaker's chair : first House of Commons
elected under Reform Act of 1832 Assembled
January 29, 1833 ; dissolved December 30, 1834
The Right Honble. Sir Charles Manners Sutton.
0.C.B., ' Speaker ' Presented by his son, Vis :
count Canterbury, G.C.M.G., and K.C.B., to the
Legislative Assembly of Victoria."
The State of Victoria having lent its
Parliament House to the Parliament of the
Commonwealth while the latter is in Mel-
bourne, the chair "is now in my charge.
The chair was apparently sent from London
after Lord Canterbury had retired, as
appears from a letter from him to the
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, dated
12 June, 1873, and appearing in the Vic-
torian ' Hansard ' of 30 July, 1873, p. 892.
This appears to be the same chair mentioned
by MB. JOHN ROBINSON, and yet the fact of
its presentation would seem to show that it
never left the possession of the Manners-
Sutton family. ABTHUB WADSWOBTH,
Librarian, Parliament of the
Commonwealth.
Melbourne.
GAMNECOTJBT IN PICABDY : BABBABA DE
BIEBLE (US. ii. 429, 512). The statement
made at the latter reference by SCOTUS
as to the marriage of John Erskine of Dun,
the Superintendent, to a third wife, Margaret
Keith, is hardly correct. There is no doubt
that John Erskine married first Elizabeth
Lindsay, daughter of David, fifth Earl of
Crawford. She was contracted to him on
20 December, 1522, he being then under
fourteen (Fifth Report Hist. MSS. Comm.,
639) ; and she was his wife when she died
on 29 July, 1538 (' Spalding Club Misc.,'
iv. Pref. Ixvii). He married secondly
Barbara de Bierle, as is proved by a charter
of 20 September, 1543, granted by Sir
Thomas Erskine of Kirkbuddo " nepoti
meo Johanni Erskine de Dwne et Barbara
de Beirle ejus conjugi." She died at Mont-
rose, 15 November, 1572. John Erskine
died 22 March, 1589/90 (ibid,). The
' D.N.B.' wrongly quotes the ' Spalding Club
Miscellany ' as authority for the date
17 June, 1591.
By his first wife Erskine left two sons, John
and Robert, and a daughter Margaret,
married to Patrick Maule of Panmure with
issue, inter olios, two daughters, who both
married great-grandsons of the Superinten-
dent. John, the latter's eldest son, died
vita patris without issue ; the second son
Robert married Catherine Graham, and died
in 1590, leaving with other children an eldest
son John, who married Agnes Ogilvy, and
died the year after his father in 1591 : he
left, besides two sons, David and Arthur,
who married the Maule ladies above men-
tioned, an eldest son John. It was he, and
not his great-grandfather, who married
Margaret Keith. The genealogy no doubt
is somewhat confusing, owing to the fact
that three lairds died in three successive
years. But the succession is proved in
many ways ; it is only necessary to mention
here a charter of 21 October, 1588, by which
Robert Erskine, fiar of Dun, with consent
of John Erskine of Dun his father (the
Superintendent) and John Erskine of Logie
son of the former, granted certain lands to
n s. IIL JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
Margaret Keith, daughter of Robert, Lord
Altrie, and John Erskine, son and apparent
heir of John Erskine of Logie, her future
spouse.
Their marriage contract is dated at Dun
25 August, 1588. After the death of her
husband, Margaret Keith married secondly
Sir John Lindsay of Ballinscho, third son of
David, tenth Earl of Crawford. Their
marriage contract was dated 26 May, 1599.
She died in January, 1602. J. B. P.
I am not primarily concerned as to the
marriage of Barbara de Bierle to John
Erskine in 1543, for I supposed it to be a
well - known fact. I do not know whether
any attempt has been made to demonstrate
it in detail, but the following excerpts from
the ' Reg. Mag. Sig. Scotire ' seem to be fairly
conclusive :
" 8th October, 1543. Confirmation of Charter
of Sir Thomas Erskine of the lands of Kirkbuddo
to his nephew John Erskine of Dun and Barbara
de Bierle his wife."
" 12tlr*? January, 1571/2. Confirmation of
Charter of John Erskine of Dun, who with the
consent of Barbara de Bierle his wife, part owner
of the lands, granted; to John Erskine, son of the
said John and Barbara, the lands of Kirkbuddo."
" 18th August, 1585. Confirmation of Charter
to John Erskine junior, ' filio Johannis Erskine
de Dun inter eum et quondam Barbaram de
Beirlie ejus uxorem genito.' "
Barbara died 15 November, 1572.
As regards the former marriage of John
Erskine, the following excerpt from the
' R.M.S. Scotise ' is under date 20 October,
1535 :
"Precept of Saisine in favour of John Erskine
of Dun and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay his wife by
David, Earl of Crawford."
Who was her brother ? She died 29 July
1638.
In the records known as Registrum de
Panmure appears :
" Patrick Maule married 1562 withe Margaret
Erskine, daughter to Sir Jhone Erskine of Dune
Superintendant of Angus, and Barbara de Bierle
ane Frenchwoman borne in Picardie, dauchter
of the Lord of Gamnecourt quha came in Scotland
withe Marie de Lorraine, Queene Regent. His
wife died 1599. He wes, as his father and for
bears, mikil gewine to haukine and hountaine
and newir did want for that effect haukes anc
dogges. He died 1605."
I am moreover informed that the chartei
chest of the descendants in the male line
of the second marriage referred to abov
contains at least a dozen writs specifying
Barbara as the spouse of John Erskine, anc
carrying in some cases her signature anc
seal. W. C. J.
" LOVE ME, LOVE MY DOG " (11 S. ii.
>22). It is pleasant indeed to read the
cholarly and humane contribution of MB.
3uBBY on the subject of " Love me, love
iy dog " ; his heait must be as that of the
Indian who
Thinks, admitted to an equal sky,
His faithful dog shall bear him company,
and will maintain with scrupulous sincerity
:hat man's greatest companion is unques-
ionably the dog. Often have I pondered
why Sterne should have used such beautiful
English over a donkey rather than a dog.
3ut I wish to add to MB. CUBBY'S notes the
fact that the proverbs in Camden's ' Re-
maines ' are not the earliest in our litera-
ture, because I have in mind John Hey-
wood's ' Proverbes,' first printed in 1546,
and in that collection appears
[s that ye haue bene so veraie a hog
To my freendis. What man, loue me, loue my dog.
Earlier again than Camden is the use made
of the proverb by George Chapman (1612)
in his comedy ' The Widdowes Teares.' Sir
Thomas More reminds us " Whosoever
loveth me, loveth my hound." By the way,
what a peculiar play on the proverb is the
French rendering " Who loves Jack loves
his dog " (" Qui aime Jean aime son chien ") !
S. W. MAY.
Liverpool.
MB. CUBBY is perfectly correct regarding the
unrelieved aversion and disgust of the early
Hebrews for dogs, despite their humani-
tarian consideration for the animal kingdom
in general. To the Hebrews, as to the
Greeks, man alone was worthy of the highest
admiration ; so that such a dictum as " Love
me, love my dog," was hardly compatible
with their philosophy. Still, the dog must
have won some measure of good treatment,
even from that primitive people, when one
of its leading men was named Caleb = dog.
A passage in Theocritus, where the ferocity
of dogs is held in quite as much abhorrence
as it is in the Scriptures, is noteworthy.
The poet enjoins Polyphemus " to keep a
sharp eye on his dog lest he leap up and
rend Galatea's fair flesh " :
rj ras TratSos ri Kva/xatertv opovcnj
Kara 8f oa KO.\OV d
This may be paralleled by a story told in
Tractate Sabbath 63. The good citizens
and others used to breed a species of mastiff,
called by the Rabbins "a caleb rong" or "bad
dog," to warn off vagrants and intruders.
They were the terror of the neighbourhood ;
and on one occasion, say the doctors of the
52
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
Talmud, a woman on her way to the public
bakeries, being barked at by one of these
brutes, was seized with premature labour.
Hence arose the saying " Whoso harbours a
ferocious dog mars the happiness of the home-
stead " ; a proverb which Rashi interprets
to mean " dogs drive away wandering
minstrels and poor scholars, whose presence
in the home is a source of joy." And here
let me put on record an obvious textual
corruption or misreading. The Gemarists
derive that aphorism from Job vi. 14, and
then proceed to add " the Greeks call a dog
lomas," meaning, of course, Av/<vs=wolf.
Are wolves tamable ? Can they be used
as watchdogs ? The point is worth finding
out.
To what extent in later times Jews made
dogs companions in the home it is difficult
to state positively, iinless this passage in the
Mischna implies it: "It is forbidden to
take out dogs on the Sabbath for exercise."
Still, the animal must have advanced in
social favour when we read in Horioth 13
that " a dog knows its owner always ; a
cat never." The dog never rose to the
dignity reached by the ox or the horse :
" Among beasts, the ox ; over birds, chanti-
cleer, is king " (Baba Kama 86). Love of
animals generally is shown in two citations :
" Sit not down to meals until your beast be
fed " (Berachoth 39). " Animals should be
fed at certain intervals, according to their
habits" (Sanhedrin 21).
M. L. R. BBESLAB.
Percy House, South Hackney.
When Sir Walter Scott writes of the dog
or the horse, he invariably illustrates his
own warm predilection and his unique
experience. It may not be amiss to supple-
ment MB. CUBBY'S apposite reference by
recalling the notable tribute paid to the
sagacity of the dog in connexion with the
episode of King Richard's banner which is
vividly delineated in ' The Talisman.' In
chap. xxiv. the king's eulogy, prompted by
Roswal's detection of Conra'de, rests on the
novelist's creed :
" Recollect that the Almighty, who gave the
dog to be companion of our pleasures and our
toils, hath invested him with a nature noble and
incapable of deceit. He forgets neither friend
nor foe remembers, and with accuracy, both
benefit and injury. He hath a share of man's
intelligence, but no share of man's falsehood.
You may bribe a soldier to slay a man with his
sword, or a witness to take life by false accusation ;
but you cannot make a hound tear his benefactor
he is the friend of man, save when man justly
mcurs his enmity."
See also the touching ' Hellvellyn,' giving
the story of the youth who perished on the
mountain-side, with only his devoted terrier
to witness his passing :
Nor yet quite deserted, though lonely extended,
For, faithful in death, his mute favourite attended,
The much-loved remains of her master defended,
And. chased the hill-fox and the raven away.
THOMAS BAYNE.
Why does MB. CUBBY say that the
authority of Homer, in allowing a dog to
live for 20 years, is against that of Aristotle ?
Aristotle's opinion is clearly in favour of
Homer. After stating the length of life of the
Laconian dog, he says :
" Other dogs live, most for about 14 or 15 years*
some even 20 ; wherefore some think that Homer
was correct when in his poetry he made the dog
of Ulysses die in its twentieth year." ' De
Animalibus Hist.,' vi. 21. 4.
WEBNEBINA.
DB. JOHNSON IN THE HUNTING FIELD
(11 S. ii. 525). The extract from The
Periodical comes originally from ' Anec-
dotes of Dr. Johnson, by Mrs. Piozzi '
(first published in 1785), to be found in
* Johnsoniana ; or, Supplement to Boswell,'
1836, Anecdote 99, p. 66. The writer
interpolates some comments, and alters the
original text, i.e., if the original is given in
' Johnsoniana,' where the first part of the
anecdote is :
" He certainly rode on Mr. [not " Mrs."]
Thrale's old hunter with a good firmness, and
though he would follow the hounds fifty miles
an [not " on "] end sometimes, would never own
himself either tired or amused."
The last few lines should not be omitted :
" He was however proud to be amongst the
sportsmen ; and I think no praise ever went so
close to his heart, as when Mr. Hamilton called
out one day upon Brighthelmstone Downs,
' Why, Johnson rides as well, for aught I see,
as the most illiterate fellow in England.' "
A foot-note says :
" Mr. Boswell says, that Johnson once hunted ;
this seems more probable than Mrs. Piozzi's
and Hawkins's statements, from which it would
be inferred that he hunted habitually."
Anecdote 606, on a page (397) headed
" Kearsley. Boothby," is as follows :
" Being asked his opinion of hunting, he said,
' It was the labour of the savages of North Ame-
rica, but the amusement of the gentlemen of
England.' "
In Anecdote 657 (apparently one of
Ooker's), pp. 427-8, Johnson says that
pleasure is derived from hunting " because
man feels his vacuity less in action than
when at rest." ROBEBT PIEBPOINT.
ii s. in. JAN. 21, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
WET HAY (11 S. ii. 469, 535). It will
probably surprise many, and especially all
such as have a kindly regard for the dog as the
friend of man, to hear that " wet hay, rather
than dry hay, is the ordinary furnishing
of a dog-kennel." Their astonishment will
be intensified when they learn further that
the treatment of a noble animal implied in
this statement is deliberate and habitual.
" Exposure to moist atmosphere," we are
told, " will soon render hay damp enough.
It is not very often renewed, being con-
sidered good enough for a dog." One
wonders what will be thought of state-
ments of this kind by owners and keepers,
from the shepherd with his collie and the
collier with hip, lurcher to the lady who
pampers her lapdog and the managers of such
kennels as those of the Beaufort and Quorn
hunts. Those .unfamiliar with the dog and
his ways may overlook the fact that he is
delicate as well as faithful and energetic, and
that rheumatism is one of the troubles
that would inevitably disable him if he were
constantly doomed to rest on damp hay.
THOMAS BAYNE.
SIR LYONELL GUEST (11 S. ii. 509).
He was the only son of Alexander Guest of
Tewkesbury by Margery, dau. of John
Meredeth of Upper Weld, Bucks, and came
to Ireland as a captain in the Army about
1595. He m. 1st Elizabeth, dau. and heir of
Simon Love of Northamptonshire, by whom
he had an only dau. Elizabeth, who m.
Edward Rondell of London. He m. 2ndly
Elinor, widow of David O'Duda of Castle
Connor, co. Sligo, dau. of Patrick Lynch
of The Knock, co. Meath. He died about
1620. His widow m. Srdly Capt. William
May ; 4thly (as 2nd wife), Capt. Lisagh
O'Connor of Leixlip ; and 5thly (as 2nd
wife) Gerald Fitz Gerald of Gla'ssealy, co.
Kildare. G. D. B.
EUSEBY CLEAVER, ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN
(11 S. ii. 489). Archbishop Cleaver married
Catherine, daughter of the Right Hon.
Owen Wynne, M.P., of Hazlewood, co.
Sligo, by the Hon. Anne Maxwell, daughter
of John, 1st Lord Farnham, and sister of
Robert, Earl of Farnham. The prerogative
marriage licence between Euseby Cleaver
of Dublin, D.D., and Catherine Wynne of
St. Michan's, Dublin, is dated 28 April, 1788.
Brady (' Records of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross,'
iii. 81) says they were married in May.
The marriage almost certainly took place at
St. Michan's. HENRY B. SWANZY.
[L. A YV. also thanked for reply.]
WILLIAM FITZGERALD (11 S. ii. 489)
was eldest son of John F., Dean of Cork.
He entered T.C.D. 22 June, 1660, aged 17
(Brady's ' Cork '). HENRY B. SWANZY.
ROGERSON COTTER (11 S. ii. 489).
Rogerson Cotter, son of Sir J. Cotter, and
Fellow of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, was called
to the Irish Bar in Trinity Term, 1773.
If G. F. R. B. cares to communicate with
me, I can supply him with further particulars
concerning John and Joseph Nixon than are
given in * Alumni West.'
HENRY B. SWANZY.
The Rectory, Omeath, co. Louth.
JOHN COSTON IN ST. BOTOLPH'S, ALDERS-
GATE (11 S. ii. 485). It may not be out of
place to give a copy of the inscription
which stood on the " S. side of the entrance
to the Chancel " in St. Botolph's Church in
1708 :
Pars Terrestris
Joannis Coston, Registrar!! sedis Archiepisco-
palis Cantuar. Principalis Amceq: Curias Cant,
de ArcubusLond.procuratorum generalium unius.
Sexaginta Annos cum multa pietate & probitate
sub polo prajtergressus 3 Julii 1614. Animam
effavit. Relictis Simone & Anna, filio & filia
unicis in Sacros Cineres redact, sub pedibus diem
Novemb. expectat. 'A New View of London/
vol. i. (1708) p. 160.
The inscription was on a marble monu-
ment with " Scelletons Heads," and the arms
were carved in " Basso releivo."
ALFRED CHAS. JONAS.
NOTTINGHAM MONASTERY NOT IN DUGDALE
(11 S. ii. 468). The passage referred to is
evidently the following :
" Titulus Ecclesie Sancte Trinitatis de Notyng-
ham. Anima ejus et anime omnium ndelium
defunctorum requiescant in pace. Amen. Orate
pro nostris Hugone (pr.), Lamberto (pr.), Walterio
(mo.), Radulfo (mo.), Willielmo (mo.), Roberto
(mo.), Walterio (mo.), et pro ceteris."
The reviewer uses the term " a founda-
tion." S.
My inquiry on this subject has been
courteously replied to direct by a gentle-
man connected with the Public Record
Office. It incidentally appears that (as
I had previously surmised) the reviewer I
quoted had not unnaturally arrived at an
erroneous conclusion. The text of the
French roll of circa 1120 refers to the
" Church of the Holy Trinity of Notting-
ham." We have, however, parallel evi-
dences testifying that this was but an early
appellation of the great priory, of like dedica-
tion, at Lenton, on the confines of the
NOTES AND QUERIES- [11 s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
ancient borough, which it spiritually
dominated. The inmates are further styled,
in the earliest existing Pipe Roll, circa 1130,
"'monks of Nottingham" a passage that
puzzled our old-time local historians.
A. STAPLETON.
DEFOE METHODIST CHAPEL, TOOTING (11 S.
ii. 505). Daniel Defoe died on 24 April,
1731, in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate,
in which he was born. He was buried in the
old Nonconformist burying-ground in Bun-
hill Fields. The inscription on his monu-
ment reads as follows :
Daniel De Foe
Born 1661
Died 1731
Author of Robinson Crusoe.
This monument is the result of an appeal in
The Christian World newspaper to the boys and
girls of England for funds to place a suitable
memorial upon the grave of
Daniel De Foe.
It represents the united contributions of seven-
teen hundred persons.
September 1870.
HENRY TAYLOR.
Birklands, Birkdale, Lancashire.
Defoe was buried in Bunhill Fields,
where exists a memorial over his grave
(see 8 S. iii. 37). This obelisk replaced the
original gravestone, which, according to an
engraving in The Illustrated London News
of 23 October, 1869, was thus inscribed :
Daniel Defoe
author of
Robinson Crusoe
who died April 24, 1731
in his 70 th year.
An engraving of the present memorial
appeared in The Illustrated Times of 1 Octo-
ber, 1870. JOHN T. PAGE.
According to The Balham and Tooting News
of 24 December, 1910 :
" The secularization of the Primitive Methodist
Chapel at Tooting, formerly in the hands of the
Independents or Congregationalists, has revived a
number of absurd legends about Daniel Defoe's
association with Tooting .... The cold truth is
that Defoe was interred in Bunhill Fields Burial-
Ground, Finsbury."
L. L. K.
[DIEGO and MR. ALAN STEWART also thanked for
replies.]
REV. F. W. FABER (11 S. ii. 489). Faber'
was buried, I think, at the Oratorians' villa
at Sydenham. I believe I have seen his
tablet there, but am not sure.
G. W. E. RUSSELL.
NAPOLEON AND THE LITTLE RED MAN
(11 S. ii. 447, 511). For the full story of
which that given at the latter reference is
apparently an abbreviation see The Gentle-
man's Magazine of 1815, part i. pp. 122-3, or
" The Gentleman's Magazine Library,"
edited by G. L. Gomme, ' English Traditional
Lore,' &c., 1885, p. 202 et seq. The article
is signed " Gulielmus."
The man who overheard what took place
between Buonaparte and the Red Man was,
according to Gulielmus, Count Mole (not
Mole). He is described as " then counsellor
of State, and since made Grand Judge of the
Empire." ROBERT PIERPOINT.
In Heine's ' Deutschland, ein Winter-
marchen,' written in January, 1844, is an
interesting reference to the story of the Red
Man. The passage occurs at the beginning of
" Kaput VI." :
Den Paganini begleitete stets
Ein Spiritus Familiaris,
Manchmal als Hund, manchmal in gestalt
Des seligen Georg Harrys.
Napoleon sah einen roten Mann
Vorjedem ivicht 'gen Ereignis.
Sokrates hatte seinen Damon,
Das war kein Hirnerzeugnis. "
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
COUNT OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
(11 S. ii. 509). The Holy Roman Empire
ceased to exist in 1806, when Francis II. of
Austria resigned his right to the crown of
Augustus. See Bryce's ' Holy Roman
Empire,' Oxford, 1864, p. 153. Those who
still claim to be Counts of the Holy Roman
Empire can only do so on the ground of
direct descent from families holding the
title previous to 1806, and also as possessing
in hereditary succession lands and heritages
formerly embraced within the limits of the
Holy Roman Empire. W. S. S.
A Count of the Holy Roman Empire,
who was formerly only subject to the
imperial Government is now called " Reichs-
graf," and is addressed as "Erlaucht." The
chiefs of these families, called " die Haupter
der ehemals reichsstandischen graflichen
Familien," have a high rank at the Prussian
Court as well as at the other German Courts.
At the Prussian Court they have a lower
rank than the Knights of the Order of the
Black Eagle, the Cardinals, and the chiefs
of the princely families (" die Haupter der
fiirstlichen Familien"), but come before
the vice-presidents of the Ministries of State.
Of the above-mentioned families that of the
ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
Duke of Arenberg takes the highest rank.
All the civil persons named above have a
higher rank than a general, but a lower one
than a field-marshal. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
[MR. HOLDEN MAcMicuAEL also thanked for reply.]
EMINENT LIBRARIANS : J. G. COGSWELL
(11 S. ii. 489, 538; iii. 13). Joseph Green
Cogswell, the original librarian of the Astor
Library, New York City, brought to this
country the first copy of Shakespeare's First
Folio, which he purchased for the Library in
1849 at the now enviable price of 161.
It may not be amiss to say here that in
1895 the Astor and Lenox Libraries, both of
which had received additional large endow-
ments from the families of their respective
founders, were consolidated with the Tilden
Trust which possessed a fund of over two
million dollars to form the present New
York Public Library. The great building,
for its main occupancy is not yet completed,
and the Astor and Lenox branches are still
in their original homes. The number of
volumes possessed by the consolidated
libraries is considerably over a million and a
quarter, not counting more than a quarter
million of pamphlets. M. C. L.
New York.
A " memorial " volume of Cogsw'ell's life
and labours was written by Anna E. Ticknor,
and privately printed at Boston, Massachu-
setts, in 1874. JOHN T. LOOMIS.
Washington, D.C.
PAUPER'S BADGE (US. ii. 487). It may
perhaps be worth remembering that Edie
Ochiltree, the old beggarman in Scott's
* Antiquary,' is introduced to the reader as
wearing a long blue gown with a pewter
badge on the right arm. This appears to
have been the usual outward adornment of
blue-gown beggars in Scotland towards the
close of the eighteenth century. Originally
known as " King's Bedesmen," they de-
generated in course of time into a class of
recognized mendicants. On the king's birth-
day each bedesman received a gown or cloak
of blue cloth. He also wore a large pewter
badge, fastened to the breast of the gown,
containing the bearer's name, together
with the inscription " Pass and Repass."
At Dundee in 1892 was exhibited, among a
number of archaeological and historical
articles, a " Dundee beggar's badge," the
property of a local gentleman. Every
king's birthday a new bedesman was added
to the number, but this practice was dis-
continued in 1833, at which period there were
sixty on the roll. In 1860 the number
had diminished to one. It will be observed
that the Scottish differed from the English
badge required under the Act of William III.
SCOTUS.
CHARLES FREDERICK HENNINGSEN AND
KOSSUTH (11 S. ii. 510). There is a short
account of Henningsen in Appleton's
' Cyclopaedia of American Biography.' He
is there stated to have been born in England
of Swedish parents in 1815, and to have died
in Washington in 1877. According to the
same authority he joined the Carlist army
in 1834 and rose to the rank of colonel,
served in the Russian army in Circassia, was
with Kossuth in the Hungarian revolution,
and went to the United States to represent
Hungarian interests, was a brigadier-general
under the filibustering president Walker
of Nicaragua, and, finally, a brigadier-
general in the Confederate army. He is said
to have been an able artillerist, and to have
devoted much attention to improvements
in small arms. The titles of several of his
published works are given.
EDWARD BENSLY.
Henningsen seems to have been a soldier
of fortune. His first published work was
a book of poetry, ' The Last of the Sophis,'
issued by Longman in 1830. In 1831 he
published through the same firm * Scenes
from the Belgian Revolution.' The title
implies some participation in Belgian affairs.
Then comes the work by which he is, on the
whole, best known, ' The Most Striking
Events of a Twelvemonth's Campaign with
Zumalacarregui in Navarre and the Basque
Provinces,' by C. F. Henningsen, " Captain
of Lancers in the service of Don Carlos,"
2 vols., Murray, 1836. The book is the best
account we have of the heroic chieftain,
whose fall sounded the death-knell of Carlist
hopes in Spain. Subsequently Henning-
sen seems to have betaken himself to
Hungary, where he served under Kossuth.
W. SCOTT.
" KEEP WITHIN COMPASS," TAVERN SIGN
(11 S. ii. 505). In the village of West
Haddon, Northamptonshire, there is an
inn known as " The Compass." Up till about
1860 the following words were displayed
beneath the sign :
Keep within Compass,
And then you '11 be sure
To avoid many troubles
That others endure.
JOHN T. PAGE.
56
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. JAN. 21, 1911.
"OLD COCK o' WAX" (11 S. ii. 528).
This expression had no political meaning.
In the ' Slang Dictionary ' by Sampson
(Pendragon of The Referee] the expression
is " cock-a-wax," and is denned as "an
amplification of the simple term ' Cock,'
sometimes ' Lad of Wax,' originally applied
to a cobbler, but now general." Every one
must have heard the expression " old cocky-
wax," often so pronounced and written.
HARRY B. POLAND.
[MB. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL and SCOTUS also
thanked for replies.]
LEAKE AND MARTIN-LEAKE FAMILIES
(11 S. ii. 528). Stephen Martin-Leakc,
Garter King-of-Arms, had a family of six
sons and three daughters. Burke's ' Landed
Gentry ' omits the names of the children,
except that of the eldest son. Sarah Martin-
Leake was probably the Garter King's
daughter. The dates in the query seem to
preclude the possibility of any other relation-
ship. W. S. S.
See 8 S. vi. 281 ; ix. 323, 463.
JOHN T. PAGE.
'TiT FOR TAT,' AMERICAN NOVEL (US.
ii. 489). About the middle of the last cen-
tury Hurst & Blackett published a novel
in three volumes entitled ' Tit for Tat.'
The author was Mrs. M. E. Smith, about
whom nothing seems to be known, except
that another novel, published about 1850,
stands against her name. I am by no means
certain that Mrs. M. E. Smith's ' Tit for Tat
is the novel referred to in the query. More
than one ' Tit for Tat ' was put before the
public during last century. Several lady
authors named Smith appear in the pages
of Allibone, but he does not seem to have
been acquainted with the writings of Mrs
M. E. Smith. W. SCOTT.
" WINCHESTER QUART " : " CORBYN "
" CHOPIN " (11 S. ii. 405, 495). I have been
familiar with the first two terms for thi
whole of my business life, but have sough
in vain for an explanation of them. There
can be no doubt, I think, that " Corbyn '
is transferred from the firm of that nam<
already referred to. The querist spoke of
" Winchester quart " as indicating a bottle
of the capacity of eighty -two ounces.
Whatever may have been the case originally,
the bottles now so called are of variable
capacity, and have been so for as long as I
can remember. A customer will order from
his wholesale house a large or a small "Win-
chester," according to his requirements, the
difference being sometimes as much as-
wenty ounces (a pint), or even more.
Generally, however, a " Winchester " is-
egarded as twice the size of a " Corbyn," the
apacity of the latter being about forty
mnces.
I cannot find either term in any dictionary or
ther book of reference, but Cassell's ' Encyc.
Diet.' has : " A Winchester pint, i.e., a quart.
Seal'd Winchester of threepenny guzzle.' T,
Brown, ' Works,' ii. 180 ;" arid the ' Century
Diet.' : " Winchester pint, a measure a
ittle more than a wine-pint and less than a
Deer-pint." Winchester measure was formerly
standard measure. " Winchester pint " is.
lot often heard now in the drug trade, but I
:ancy it would not necessarily indicate any
definite quantity only roughly the size of
the bottle. C. C. B.
What W. I. has often enjoyed in Germany
was, no doubt, a " Schoppen " of Rhenish
wine. In Fluegel's dictionary the meaning
of " Schoppen " is given as " scoop, chopin,
pint " ; but " chopin " is not to be found in
the English-German part. L. L. K.
" Chopin," or rather " Chopine," is really
only a French borrowing from the German
" Schoppen," which means half a bottle.
An excellent account of the word is given in
Grimm's great German dictionary. It is
not at all uncommon for the French to
borrow German words connected with
drinking, as they have done in this case.
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
[MB. M. L. R. BRESLAR also thanked for reply.]
MOVING PICTURES TO CINEMATOGRAPHS
(11 S. ii. 502, 537). Many additions could be
made to MR. TOM JONES'S excellent note if
the title was intended to cover all paintings
with mechanical effects and the repro-
ductions with movement of scenes. It is
difficult, however, to realize from the descrip-
tions on the showmen's handbills if the
pictures are only working models or actually
full-sized panoramas. Here are a few
examples taken at random.
The " Akolouthorama," painted by G. D.
! Gibbs, was exhibited at 213, Piccadilly, in
! 1844. It was a series of scenes to illustrate
| the Prince de Joinville's Expedition to
i Mogadore. There evidently were some
| mechanical effects, as the last picture is
i described as " Allegorical Picture. Moga-
i dore, Morning. The French Squadron before
| the town Bombardment Conflagration
! and destruction of the City."
s. m. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIP:S.
57
M. Le Fort & Co. had a " Mechanical and
Picturesque Cabinet " at 35, Piccadilly,
circa 1814. " The performance " concluded
with " A Storm at Sea " :
" This view is accompanied with all the cha-
racteristic phenomena, an agitated sea .... clouds
which, by degrees, obscure the sky. . . .lightning,
thunder, &c. .... Vessels beating against the
tempest struck by a thunderbolt, and engulphed
in the waves ; in fine, the seamen, endeavouring
to save themselves from the neighbouring rocks,
offer a faithful representation of nature."
Marshall's panoramas, exhibited (1823) at
The Great Room, Spring Gardens, moved.
His " Grand Historical Perestrephic Pano-
rama of the Coronation Procession " was
accompanied by a full military band,
" finger organ, &c." There must have been
many similar efforts to give reality by motion
to panoramas and their predecessors, and
careful research between 1780 and 1830
should produce some interesting additional
data. ALECK ABBAHAMS.
MB. TOM JONES gives the date of Philip-
stal's Phantasmagoria as about 1848 (11 S.
ii. 503, col. 2) ; but it would seem that the
invention should have been dated nearly
half a century earlier, as the ' N.E.D.'
under ' Phantasmagoria ' has the following
quotation from Brewster's ' Natural Magic,'
iv. 80, published in 1831 : "An exhibition
depending on these principles was brought
out by M. Philipstal in 1802, under the name
of the Phantasmagoria." A description
follows similar to that supplied by MB.
JONES. J. R. THOBNE.
The meaning of the first correction at the
second reference is far from clear. It is said
to apply to "the last sentence in col. 1,
p. 503." Possibly it is meant to apply
to the end of the fourth paragraph of that
column. ROBEBT PIEBPOINT.
[MR. PIERPOINT is right. The words " of the
fourth paragraph " should have followed " the
last sentence."]
COBN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST
MILLEB (11 S. ii. 508; iii. 12). In Rother-
ham Churchyard, Yorkshire, is a recumbent
stone bearing inter alia the following in-
scription : In
memory of
Edward Swair
who departed this
life June 16th 1781
aged 50 years.
Here lies a man which farmers lov'd
Who always to them constant proved
Dealt with freedom just and fair
An honest miller all declare.
JOHN T. PAGE.
The epitaph quoted by MB. LEONABD
HODSON (ante, p. 13) as American and
possibly apocryphal is neither the one nor
the other. A diarist in 1787 saw it in the
churchyard of Calne, co. Wilts.
S. H. A. H.
In the old gleaning days, when the result
of a month's gleanings had been " rubbed
out" by hand, or in some cases "flailed"
on a bedroom floor, the grain was sent to the
mill for grinding. Often there was wonder-
ing how it would turn out, for there was a
saying that the Miller stood with one hand
on his hopper, the other in your sack. There
was also another saying which ran : " Take
an honest butcher's hat, throw it in an
honest miller's dam, and dry it in an honest
baker's oven." If such a combination could
be found, the hat would cure a toothache.
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
R's OF SAILOBS (11 S. ii. 527). In the
muster-book R, meaning " run," was placed
against the names of deserters : see ' N.E.D.,'
viii. 81, where a quotation of 1706 gives the
very phrase "have their R's taken off."
W. C. B.
[MB. TOM JONES and W. S. S. also thanked for
replies.]
ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S.
ii. 488 ; iii. 15). The passage referred to
by MB. G. W. E. RUSSELL occurs in Charles
Kingsley's ' Two Years Ago,' at the end of
the second chapter.
I do not think it was so much a mis-
quotation by Kingsley as a purposed adapta-
tion of the Laureate's lines to suit his own
prose text. W. B. H.
[MB. R. A. POTTS also refers to ' Two Years Ago.']
INSCBIPTIONS IN CHUBCHES AND CHUBCH-
YABDS (US. ii. 389, 453, 492, 537). Some
remarks made on this subject are very much
to the point. I have for long been interested
in churchyard inscriptions, thinking they
have been too much neglected.
I collected all those in the churchyard of
High Halden, Kent, and they were printed
in 1895 (noticed in ' N. & Q.').
I transcribed all those in the churchyard
of Hail sham, Sussex, and gave the volume
to a resident interested in local history.
I also transcribed all in the churchyard of
West Putford, Devonshire, and a fair copy
of them was placed in the church chest.
I did the same for the old churchyard
beyond Ore, Sussex, and the Rector placed
the collection in the parish chest.
58
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
The churchyard of St. Mary Redcliff,
Bristol, is enclosed, and I understood there
would be objections to the inscriptions being
transcribed. But I made an exact copy of
all the inscriptions within this splendid
church, and gave the volume to Mr. Cross,
the well-informed head verger. For the
very lengthy Penn inscription I had to use a
long ladder, and the verger had the inscrip-
tion printed so that it could be sold to
visitors ; and it was printed in ' N. & Q.' also
(9 S. iv. 285), but has not, I believe, appeared
in any book.
In all these cases I was surprised to find
how perseverance, and the application some-
times of a sponge with water, enabled words,
apparently obliterated, to be recovered.
The remark about keeping the church and
churchyard inscriptions separate is, I think,
practical ; and I have long been of the same
opinion. Church inscriptions generally have
not been neglected, and numbers of them
have been entered in county histories, and
those that have not been recorded are well
protected. It is the very opposite with
churchyard inscriptions. They, with few
exceptions, have not been copied ; they are
exposed to every form of bad weather, and
every year defaces some inscriptions. Yet
they are a curious and interesting class of
istone records, and numbers of them contain
information not elsewhere found. Perhaps
the easiest and most practical method would
be for some society of good standing to
agree to be the official custodian of all
out-of-door mortuary inscriptions in Eng-
land. Private persons could .then send
their transcripts to this centre, where they
would be filed and indexed, and printed if
opportunity offered. At least they would
be preserved for reference, &c. L. M. B.
COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS
WAY" (11 S. iii. 10). This hymn first
appeared anonymously in the Bev. J.
Newton's ' Twenty-Six Letters on Beligious
Subjects, to which are added Hymns, &c., by
Omicron.' This work was published in 1774.
The hymns are fourteen in number ; the
one in question is entitled ' Light shining
out of Darkness.' It contains six stanzas :
the fifth, referred to by MR. SURR, runs
thus :
His purposes will ripen fast,
Unfolding every hour ;
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the flower.
It is commonly thought that the hymn was
composed soon after an attack of suicidal
mania at Olney in October, 1773, but
Canon Julian thinks it probable that it was-
really written about six months afterwards,
in April, 1774, shortly before publication,
when the poet's mind had somewhat re-
covered. The authorship was not disclosed
until 1779 in the ' Olney Hymns.'
W. T. LYNN.
Blaokheath.
In my copy of the first edition of the
' Olney Hymns,' published in 1779, this
appears as Hymn XV. in the third book.
It is preceded by the letter " C.," indicating
Cowper's authorship. I understand it wa&
the last hymn he wrote for his friend
Newton's collection. There are six verses,
of which the one referred to by MR. SURR
is the fifth. It is printed thus :
His purposes will ripen fast,
Unfolding ev'ry hour ;
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the llow'r.
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.
Julian's ' Dictionary of Hymnology, r
p. 1642, says that the verse in MS. runs,
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But wait to smell the flower.
In print the last line appeared as
But sweet will be the flower.
A reference is given to ' N. & Q.,' 24 Sept. r
1905. LAWRENCE PHILLIPS.
[The reference is wrong. It should have been
to 24 Sept., 1904 (10 S. ii. 244). C. C. B. and MR,
R. A. POTTS also thanked for replies.]
'PILGRIM'S PROGRESS' IMITATED (11 S,
iii. 9). ' The Progress of the Pilgrim Good-
Intent ' was written by Mary Anne Burges-
(1763-1813), whose biography is included
in the ' D.N.B.' The book appeared first
in 1800, and ran through several editions, the
tenth appearing in 1822.
M. A. M. MACALISTER,
ISOLA FAMILY (US. ii. 525). The testi-
mony to Agostino Isola's character by
Henry Gunning has not escaped Mr. E. V.
Lucas, and is duly recorded by him in the
* Life of Charles Lamb.' SUSSEX,
" CAEQEHOUIAS " (US. iii. 9). In place
of this portentous ghost-word I would
suggest cacophonias. When the two are
written side by side, it is easy to see how the
misprint occurred. EDWARD BENSLY.
Not having seen the original letter, I
should "humbly suggest " cacophonies."
C. J.
ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
on
ir//i8 about Jerusalem. By the Rev. J. E.
Hanauer. (London Society for Promoting
Christianity among the Jews.)
THOUGH written by a missionary and published
by a missionary society, this is a book of un-
restricted interest, being, in fact, a learned,
closely detailed survey of Jerusalem and its
immediate surroundings, from a point of view
entirely human, by one who is regarded as the
chief authority on the folk-lore and topography
of Palestine.
Mr. Hanauer is a native of Jerusalem, and has
spent most of his life there. He has seen ex-
plorers, excavators, come and go ; has weighed
their theories, but has kept an open mind. The
present work, so unpretentious in appearance, is
the result of the personal investigation and
research of fifty years ; and, though it purports
to be little more than a gossiping guide-book for
the Protestant pilgrim, offers a mine of informa-
tion to all future writers on Jerusalem. It con-
tains more curious local knowledge than did the
author's ' Folk-lore of the Holy Land ' ; which
is saying much. On the first page we learn the
reason why the southern and eastern faces of the
older buildings of the city have an ochre tinge
" a remarkable shower of yellow mud that fell
early in February, 1857, plastering the houses
from top to bottom " ; and every page has its
touch of personal reminiscence giving life to the
dry bones of archaeology.
Mr. Hanauer describes Jerusalem as he first
remembers it in 1860. In those days there were
only three houses outside the walls, and those
quite newly built. "The gates were closed at
sunset, and also on Fridays " for two hours while
the garrison was at mosque, and a special permit,
" not always obtainable," was required before
one could enter or leave the city :
" The writer, on several occasions about 1867,
when he was serving on Sir Charles Warren's
excavations, had himself lowered by a rope over
the city wall in order to be at his appointed post
outside the town. . . .The roadway was unpaved.
In the rainy season there was a ' slough of des-
pond ' outside the gateway, and in the open space
inside, within the city, a pond about one foot
deep," which could be passed on stepping-stones
kindly provided by the municipality. " In
summer the bed of the little lake was encumbered
with all sorts of filth, and not unfrequently by the
rotting carcases of dogs, cats, and smaller crea-
tures." The tannery close to the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre and the shambles at the entrance
to the Jewish quarter nuisances preserved by
the Muslims expressly to annoy the " infidels "
\\-i-re then still in existence.
Mr. Hanauer is that most useful of beings, the
local antiquary, a born lover of things ancient,
who, in a modest station and with few books of
reference, has yet, by patience and indefatigable
industry, made himself completely master of his
subject. He is acquainted with every stone of
the city, and knows Hebrew and Arabic tho-
roughly as modern languages. His descriptions
of the Haram esh-Sherif (the Temple Area) and
of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre are the result
of personal research, and will astonish casual
writers on those subjects. The book abounds
in matter worthy of quotation, and by quotation,
only can we hope to indicate its scope and value ^
We choose at random :
" Christian ^Street is remarkably straight and,,
for the first part of its course, level, the reason
being that in that part it passes along the top
of a huge and very ancient dam or causeway,
which forms the eastern limit of the Pool of
Hezekiah. The western side of the dam-top has
houses built along it ; that is why this remarkable
specimen of ancient engineering, which is about
200 ft. long and 50 wide, escapes notice."
" As we walk through the old bazaars. . . .here
and there where the white-washed plaster has
fallen we remark old lettering cut into the stones ;:
generally a capital T or ' Seta Anna.' The former
shows that the shops or buildings on which it
occurs belonged to the Knights Templars, and the-
latter marks the property of the Crusaders'
church and nunnery of St. Anne just inside
St. Stephen's Gate. The new buildings which
in the last twenty years have been erected by the
Greeks are in like manner marked with <, the
monogram of ' taphos,' the Sepulchre."
"To escape from the throng we turn aside into
a coffee-shop with a thoroughfare leading right
through it, an old cruciform church . . . .Tradition
says that it was built on the site of the house-
which belonged to Zebedee. The Franciscans
curiously hold that the reason why St. John was
known to the high priest was the very simple one
that the family of Zebedee used to supply the high*
priest's family with fish from the lake of Gennes-
areth ; and, as that was at least three days'"
journey from Jerusalem, the Apostle's parents
must have had a dwelling and a place of business
in the Holy City."
Mr. Hanauer offers a new suggestion as to the
origin of the Greek ceremony of the Holy Fire.
Quoting Eusebius, though at second hand, he
writes :
" It was on the great Vigils of the Feast of
Easter, when oil was wanting for the church, and
the drawers were greatly perplexed, that he
[Narcissus, Bishop of ^lia Capitolina A.D. 180-
222] ordered them to draw water from the nearest
well, which, being consecrated by his prayers, and
poured into the lamps with sincere faith in the
Lord, contrary to all reason and expectation,
by a miraculous and Divine power, was changed
into the fatness of oil."
It was Mr. Hanauer who, some years ago,
succeeded in identifying the Philip D'Aubeny
whose tombstone is before the doorway of the
Church of the Sepulchre with Sir Philip D'Aubeny,
tutor of our Henry TIL In his description of the-
Mosque El Aksa, in the present work, he writes
of the so-called " Tomb of the Sons of Aaron " :
" It marks the last resting-place of some of the
murderers of Th omas a Becket. . . .Their epitaph,,
now totally effaced, ran, translated into English,
thus : ' Here lie the wretches who martyred the
blessed Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury.' "
By way of adverse criticism we must say that
the book is much too full of learned matter to
serve its purpose as a simple guide-book for the-
pious.
60
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. JAN. 21, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
MR. BERTRAM DOBELL'S Catalogue 191 has
lists under Angling and Astrology. Under
Bacon are his ' Essays ' and ' Advancement of
Learning,' 4to, calf, 1629, the two works bound
in one, in fine condition, 61. 6s. Under Costume
are 48*etchings of female costume, 1643-9, 11. 5s.
Works under Drama include Joseph Knight's
copy of Randall's ' Rival Managers,' with his
book-plate and signature, 7s. Qd. Under James
Hogg is the first edition of the first publication
of the Ettrick Shepherd, Edinburgh, 1801, uncut,
11 12s. Under Thomas Hood are first editions.
Under Juvenile is the Rev. E. Mangin's ' Stories
for Short Students,' 1829, 3s. Qd. it contains a
curious account of Shakespeare : " But with all
this he had, as a writer, many great faults, for
some of which he deserves to be despised or hated
by the wise and good." Under Lytton is a rare
item * Weeds and Wild Flowers,' not published,
Paris 1826, 11. 10s. ; under Natural History are
the privately printed works of Theo. Johnson ;
and under Thomas Love Peacock are first
editions. There is a list under Shakespeare.
Shelley items include his ' Letters to Elizabeth
Kitchener,' edited by Thomas Wise, first edition,
.one of a very few on vellum, 2 vols,, privately
rHntpd 1890, 4L 4s. Under Swinburne is the
first edition of ' Poems and Ballads,' Moxon, 1866,
A fine copy of the original issue, with the original
title-page, SI. 8s. The first edition of ' Endymion,'
.enclosed in crushed blue-morocco slip case, is Q51. ;
and the first edition of ' The Newcomes,' 2 ! vols., in
the original parts, Ql. 6s. There is a list of Foreign
Books, chiefly French.
Mr J Jacobs's Catalogue 55 opens with
souvenirs of Marion Crawford, being volumes
from his library containing his autograph signa-
ture and his book-plate. Other items include
under Byron, bound in one volume, The Giaour,
Iftia 'The Corsair,' 1814, and ' The Bride of
Ahydos,' with the rare errata, 1813, OZ. 9s. Under
Diamond Necklace Affair are ' Memoires jxisti-
ficatifs de la Comtesse de Valois de la Motte,
half-calf a Londres, 1788, 31. 3s. Books on
London include Stow, black-letter, 1603 2* 2s.
Other items are Phillips's ' New World of Words,
1671 11 ' ' Encyclopaedic Dictionary, 8 vols.,
4to, half -morocco," 1902-4, 11. 15s. ; ' Harmsworth
Encyclopaedia,' 8 vols., 4to, 11. 10s ; Michaelis s
< AnJaent Marbles,' translated by Fennell, 1881
15s.; and Pickering's 'Spenser, 5 vols., half -
ralf 1825 21 5s. Under New Testament is the
first Spanish Protestant edition (by Cypriano de
Valera), 1596, 21. 15s. (not represented at the
Caxton Exhibition). There are many works
under Music.
Mr. G. A. Poynder's Reading Catalogue 57
contains under Architecture an extra-illustrated
.copy of Sharpe's ' Architecture of the Cistercians,
4to, morocco, 1874-6, 31. 3s. Under Botany are
Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vols. I.-XX. 1
10 vols., tree calf, 1803-4, 21. 12s Qd. ; and
Paxton's Maqazine, 16 vols., half-morocco,
1840-48, 61. 15s. The general portion includes
BryctN 'American Commonwealth,' Library
Edition, 3 vols., 1888 3L 3s.; De Morgan s
' Budget of Paradoxes,' first edition 1872, 21 5s ;
Fielding and Walton's ' English Lakes, large
-paper, arge 4to, half -morocco, Ackermann, 1821,
4Z. 10s. ; and Barrington's ' Ireland,' 2 vols.,
imperial 4to, half green morocco, 1833, 21. 15s.
(this was officially suppressed). There are works
under Illustrations of the Sixties, Longevity, and
Occult. Under Music is Hill's ' Organs of the
Middle Ages,' 2 vols., imperial folio, cloth gilt,
tops uncut, 1883-91, 51. 10s. ; and under Milton
is Sir E. Brydges's edition with the Turner illus-
trations, 6 vols., half-morocco, 1835, 21. 2s.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
NICOLAS MORY. We regret to record the death
on Thursday evening, the 12th inst., at Boulogne-
sur-Mer, of M. Nicolas Mory. It was to him we
owed the first notice of the valuable discoveries
made by M. Magne at Fontevrault, and at the
time of his death he and his eldest son were taking
steps to ascertain for us the origin of the copies
at the Crystal Palace of the effigies from the
Plantagenet tombs. M. Mory was fond of
antiquarian pursuits, had a good knowledge of
the classics, and delighted in quoting Horace.
He was a friend of Mariette, the French Egypt-
ologist, and was proud to point out the statue
of him close to his residence in the Boulevard
Mariette.
On the 26th of August, 1905, we had a note
stating that Nicolas Alexandre Toussaint Mory,
the grandfather of the subject of this notice,
brought copies of the Treaty of Peace in 1815 to
London, for publication in the English press. It
had appeared in the Moniteur on the 26th of
November, and within thirty-three hours Mory
arrived in London with copies of it. The treaty
appeared the following morning in all the London
papers, where the French Ambassador read it
for the first time. It was not until the same
day that the official news was received at Calais.
M. Mory will be long mourned by a large circle
of friends. He had that true courtesy of the
heart which endears a man to all.
10 (K0msp0ntontj8u
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
C. N. ("Ashen Faggot "). See the articles at
10 S. iii. 86, 236.
ii s. m. JAN. 28, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
61
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 57.
NOTES : Lamb, Burton, and Francis Spiera, 61 Gray's
' Elegy ' : Translations and Parodies, 62 Signs of Old
London, 64 "First Aerial Ship," 65 Sweetapple sur-
name" Chartuary " : " Tale " " Hie locus odit, amat,"
&c., 66 "Gourd" or " Goord," Building Term Con-
spirators of 1582, 67.
QUERIES : "Tertium Quid " ' Casabianca ' John of
Cosington, 67 Dickens and " Shallabalah " ' Pickwick '
Queries Rev. J. Bonar William of Ware Dryden as a
Place-Name Early Ships named Victory, 68 Beatrix
Gordon Bird Quotations Swallow in Greek Carol
* Farewell to the Swallows 'Bagdad Adders' Fat and
Deafness Jacobus Clerk Col. Oakes and Queen Caro-
line's Funeral, 69 Sheffield Plate Dish Newenham
Abbey Chertsey Cartularies Jeremy Smith Marquis
of Ormonde's Guard Belfast Registers Irish Book of
Remembrance Alexander Holmes, 70.
RE PLIES -.-Milton Bibles, 70-Sophie Dawes Miss
Wykeham Lady Conyngham ' Young Folks,' 71 T.
Hare M. G. Drake J. Forsyth-Coryatand Westminster
School "Elze"= Already Royal Christmases at Glou-
cester SS. Prothus and Hyacinthus, 72-Guichard
d'Angle Isaac Jamineau, 73 The Stair Divorce" Die
in beauty " " All comes out even," &c Holwell Family
Alexander Glenny Christmas Bough Thackeray and
the Stage Exhibition of 1851, 74 Early Graduation
' Kossuth Coppered 'Rev. J. Peacock Andrew Arter's
Memorial Quaker Oats W. Mears, Bellfounder, 75
Ship lost in the Fifties Alfleri in England 'Tit for
Tat' Authors Wanted Riddle of Claret, 76 Water-
Shoes Arms of Somerset Pitt on Disfranchisement, 77
Rats and Plague Hackney and Tom Hood Goats and
Cows" Puckled "- Capt. Witham at Gibraltar, 78.
NOTES ON BOOKS:-' A Suffolk Hundred in 1283'
Traherne's Poems More's 'Utopia.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
LAMB, BURTON, AND FRANCIS
SPIERA.
IN the third appendix to his * Life of Charles
Lamb,' 1905, vol. ii. p. 324, Mr. E. V. Lucas
includes among " the actual volumes which
Lamb possessed, as described in various
catalogues," the following : " Springer.
Relation of the Fearful Estate of Francis
"Spira. 12mo " ; and adds that the copy
contains a MS. note, "This Book was written
by one Springer, a lawyer." As Mr. Lucas
refrains from any comment on this curiously
inaccurate ascription, it may be as well to
show, in the first place, that there was no
.such a person as " Springer, a lawyer," and,
secondly, that the man out of whose name
this phantom has been called up was not the
author of the above-mentioned book.
There can, I think, be no reasonable doubt
that Lamb, if it was he who made the
memorandum, had drawn an erroneous
inference from a passage in his favourite
Burton :
There is a most memorable example of Francis
JSpira an Advocate of Padua. A* 1545. that being
desperate, by no counsell of learned men could
bee comforted, hee felt as he said, the paines
of hell in his soule, in all other things hee dis-
coursed a right, but in this most mad. Fris-
melica, Bellouat and some other excellent Physi-
tians, could neither make him eat, drinke," or
sleepe, no perswasion could ease him. Neuer
pleaded any man so well for himselfe, as this man
did against himselfe, and so he desperatly died :
Springer a Lawyer hath written his life."
' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 3.4.2.4, pp. 780-
781, 1st ed., 1621.
To " Francis Spira " there is a marginal note
" Goulart." The title of Simon Goulart's
work in which Spiera' s story can be read is
' Histoires Admirables et Memorables de
Nostre Temps.' A second edition of this
(first vol.) was published at Rouen in 1606.
The part about Spiera is fol. 120 verso
125 verso. I suspect, however, that Burton
had been " tumbling over " an English
translation, " Admirable And Memorable
Histories Containing the wonders of our
time. Collected into French out of the best
Authors. By I. [sic] Goulart. And out of
French into English. By Ed. Grimeston,"
London, 1607. This version shares with the
French editions that I have examined the
blunder of 1545 for 1548, but shows several
verbal resemblances to Burton's text : " for
in all other things he discoursed grauely and
constantly," p. 188 ; " neyther was there
euer man heard pleading better for himselfe,
then Spiera did then against himselfe,"
p. 194 ; " This which is worthy of considera-
tion among the Histories of our time, is
drawne out of a discourse published by
Maister Henrie Scringer [the French has
"M. Henri Scrimger"], a learned Lawyer,"
p. 196. The learned lawyer was Henry
Scrymgeour or Scrimger, 1506-72. See
' D.N.B.' Under the designation of
; Henricus Scotus " he was the author of
' Exemplvm Memorabile Desperationis In
Francisco Spera Propter Abiuratam Fidei
Confessionem ' on pp. 62-95 of ' Francisci
Spierse, Qui Quod susceptam semel Euange-
licse ueritatis professionem abnegasset, dam-
nassetque, in horrendam incidit despera-
tionem, Historia A quatuor summis viris,
summa fide conscripta," &c., Basel, 1550.
The transition from Scringer to Springer
may have been hastened by the fact that
Jakob Sprenger, part author of 'Malleus
Maleficarum,' figures in Burton more than
once as Springer.
Thus far concerning Springer ; but who
wrote the book in Lamb's library ? This
work in the earliest edition that I have come
across (London, 1649) bears the title "A
Relation Of The Fearful Estate Of Francis
Spira, In the year 1548. Compiled by
62
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. ra. JAN. 28, 1911.
Natth. [sic] Bacon, Esq." I have seen
another edition of 1653. The imprimatur
is dated December 2, 1637. The writer of
the life of Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660.
in the ' D.N.B.' is clearly wrong when, after
saying that Bacon " has also been credited
with the authorship of the curious piece
(probably a translation) ' A Relation,' "
&c., and mentioning that the first edition
was published anonymously in 1638, he
proceeds : "It was not, apparently, until
the publication of that of 1665, some years
after his death, that it was said on the title-
page to have been ' compiled ' by Nathaniel
Bacon." With respect to Bacon's sources,
he plainly states in his preface that his
work is largely based on the various writers
in the ' Historia ' :
" I acknowledge that there hath been formerly
a Book published in our Mother tongue, con-
cerning this subject, but as far as I can learn
(for I could never yet obtain any of them) it
was nothing so large and various as this present
Treatise, and as I have heard, a translation of
only one of the Tractates from whence I have
gathered this present Discourse in part. Con-
cerning my care and fidelitie in this businesse, it
is such as I may truely say without changing of
colour, that there is not one sentence of all this
Work attributed unto the person of Spira, but it
hath its warrant, either from the Epistles of
Vergerius and Gribaldus, Professours of the Law
in Padua, or from the discourses of Hen. Scringer
a Scotish man, Sigismund Gelons [sic] a Tran-
silvanian, and Mart. Bocha [sic] a Divine of Basil :
neither have I taken any other libertie then as a
relation to weave the aforesaid Discourses one
within another, so as those which under several
Writers, were before counted several, are now
by my indeavours reduced into one intire History,
connexed by due succession of time and occasion."
Ed. 1653.
It should be added that the writer of an
" Introduction " to the book speaks of
having compared
" this labour of a worthy Gentleman (who faith-
fully translated it out of Italian, French and Dutch
Letters) with the Latine of Codius Secundus
Curio, Mattheus Gribaldus,. . . .Sigismond Gelous a
Transilvanian, Henricus Scotus [i.e., the writers
in the ' Historia '], and find it accord with them."
Ed. 1653, and at end of ed. 1649.
The book " formerly published in our
Mother tongue " I take to be ' A notable and
maruailous epistle of the famous Doctor,
Mathewe Gribalde, professor of the law, in the
vniversity of Padua : concerning the terrible
iudgement of god, vpon hym that for feare
of men, denyeth Christ and the knowen
veritie : uyth a Preface of Doctor Caluine.
Translated out of Latin intoo English by
E. A. Anno 1550, in August,' the translator,
as shown by an acrostical epigram on A v
verso, was Edward Aglionby. Robert Bur-
ton's copy of this book is in the Bodleian,
which also possesses his copy of the
' Francisci Spierse .... Historia ' of 1550
mentioned above. EDWARD BENSLY.
GRAY'S * ELEGY ' :
TRANSLATIONS AND PARODIES.
BY the interest in this subject shown in the-
past by readers of ' N. & Q.,' I am led to
think that a check-list of the various-
translations, parodies, and imitations will
prove useful ; besides, I wish to ask several
questions which, after working through the
British Museum and other collections, I ara
Btill unable to answer.
I. TRANSLATIONS.
See 1 S. i. 101, 138, 150, 221, 306, 389 p
2 S. iii. 88 ; 5 S. iv. 255 ; 6 S. ii. 466 ; 10 S,
i. 487 ; ii. 92, 175 ; v. 306, 357, 428, 477, 511,
Armenian.
Anonymous. In ' Beauties of English Poets,'
Venice, 1852, pp. 149-77.
French.
D. B. In his ' Poesies de Gray, traduites en
rangais,' Paris, 1797. Reprinted by Le Mierre,
Paris, 1798. In the * Biogr. universelle,' 1857,.
xvii. 405, D. B. is identified as M. Dubois, cure" of
Angers. What is the authority for this ?
P. Guedon de Berchere. Croydon, Surrey,.
1788.
Pierre Jean George Cabanis. When and where-
was this first published ?
P. J. Charrin, Paris, 1808. Reprinted by MM,
Roger, ' Le champ du repos,' Paris, 1816, ii. 401-7,.
and by Torri, 1817.
Francois de Chateaubriand. In his ' (Euvres-
completes,' Paris, 1836, xxiv. 43 ff.
Marie Joseph de Chequer. Paris, An 13 (1805).
J. Martin, 1839, erroneously ascribes it to-
lie Tourneur. Reprinted by Torri, 2nd ed., 1843..
Louis Pierre Couret de Villeneuve. According
to The Literary World, New York, 1849, v. 405,.
a translation was made by this writer. I have
not been able to find it.
Antoine de Cournand. In La Decade Philo-
sophique. 30 Messidor, 1802, iv. 182-5.
L. D. Chatham, 1806. Who was he ?
Dubois. See under D. B., above.
A. Elwall. Paris, 1887.
Fayolle. Information desired concerning this;
Tanslation, which I have not been able to see.
Gaston. In the ' Petite encyclopedic poe"tique,'
1804, p. 161.
Jacques Louis Grenus. In ' Fables diverges,'
Paris, 1807, ii. 323-30. Was there any earlier-
edition ? Reprinted by Torri, 1817.
Alfred J. U. Hennet. In his 'Po^tiqueanglaise,*"
>aris, 1806, iii. 368-79.
L. C. Hoyau. In his ' Poe"sies traduites en
ers francais,' Paris, 1837, 8vo.
Nicholas le Deist de Kerivalant. In * Al-
manach des Muses,' Paris, 1797, pp. 147-52-
Also Paris, 1804.
ii s. m. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Citizen Kivalant. Same as K^rivalant, q.v. Cf .
' Bibl. universelle,' Paris, 1858, xxi. 541.
Le Mierre. See under D. B. above.
Did Le Tourneur translate the Elegy ? Cf.
the statement above under Ch^nier.
Ilippolyte Marvint. In his * Souvenirs de
college,' Paris, 1840.
Madame Susanne Curchod de Nasse Necker.
In her ' Varietes litteraires,' Paris, 1768, iv. 168.
1 have not been able to see this, and should be
glad to have the reference verified or corrected.
.1. Roberts. London, 1875.
Sapinaud. In ' Le cimetiere et Le printemps
traduits,' Paris, 1822, 8vo.
Adrien de Sarrazin. In an appendix to his
' Quatre printemps de Kleist,' Paris, 1802.
F. D. V. Paris, 1813.
Villevielle. Writing to Nicholls on 22 May,
1770, Gray speaks of a Marquis de Villevielle,
who, he says, had translated him by way of
exercise. Was this translation ever published,
and what poems did it include ?
German.
Anonymous. In The Kaleidoscope, Liverpool,
20 May, 1823, N.S. iii. 372-3.
Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter. 1771. Information
desired concerning the first edition. Said to have
appeared also in the ' Musen Almanach,' but
I cannot find it there. Also in his ' Gedichte,'
1771, i. 132-45, and in Torri, 2nd ed., 1813.
Ludwig Theoboul Kosengarten. In his
' Gedichte,' Vienna, 1816, i. 123 (I have not seen
this), and in Torri, 1817. Did this appear in the
' Musen Almanach ' ?
William Mason. In Torri, 1817 ; said to have
appeared in Mason's German translation of
Gray's works, Leipsic, 1776. Information desired
concerning this work, which is not listed in Kayser
and is not in the British Museum.
Niclas Muller. New York, 1874. In the
Boston Public Library.
Johann Baptist Bupprecht. In his ' Poetical
Translations from the English,' Part I., Vienna,
1812, pp. 62-8. Have not seen this. Reprinted
in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.
Johann Gottfried Seume. In his ' Collected
Poems,' Riga, 1801, which 1 have not seen. Any
earlier edition ? Did it appear in the ' Musen
Almanach ' ? It is in his ' Sammtliche Werke,'
Leipsic, 1826, i. 6-12 and v. 16-22.
Greek.
Giosafatte Cipriani. In Torri, 1817. Not in
Tom's 2nd ed., 1843. Did it appear earlier ?
William Cooke. Cambridge, 1785.
Charles Coote. London, 1794.
George Denman. Cambridge, 1871.
J. Norbury. Eton. 1793. There was also a
2nd ed. in the same year.
John Plumptre translated the Epitaph only,
and appended it to his ' Ecloga sacra Alexandr
Pope,' Wigorniffi, 1795.
Bowyer Edward Sparke. London, 1794.
Edward Tew. London, 1795.
Richard Ward. In hia ' Celebria quaedam
Anglorum poemata latine reddita,' London
1860, pp. 79-97.
Stephen Weston. London, 1794.
Hebrew.
Giuseppe Venturi. In Torri, 1817 and 1813
in the 2nd ed. in Roman letters.
Rossi Janos.
Hungarian.
Rome, 1827.
Italian.
Paolo Giuseppe Baraldi. Modena, Societa
fipografica, 1816. I have not seen this.
Antonio Buttura. In La Domenica (according
;o Torri) ; then in his ' L'arte poetica di Boileau
Despre'aux recata in versi italiani,' Paris, 1806,
p. 130-36. I have seen only the latter.
Michel Angelo Castellazzi. In Torri, 1817.
Did this appear earlier ?
Francesco Cavazzocca. Verona, 1835. Re-
printed in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.
Melchiorre Cesarotti. Padua, 1772.
Abbate Crocchi. In Sleator's edition, Dublin,
1775, pp. 153-66.
Giuseppe Gennari. Padua, Comino, 1772.
J. Giannini. 2nd ed., London, 1782. When
did the 1st ed. appear ?
Domenico Gregori. In ' Scelta di ppesie di
u celebri autori inglesi, recati in versi italiani,"
Rome, 1821, vol. i., which I have not seen.
Agostino Isola. Cambridge, 1782. In the-
Astor Library, New York.
Marco Lastri. Florence, Molike, 1784. I have
not seen this. Reprinted in Torri, 1817.
Michele Leoni. Turin, Pomba, 1815. I have
not seen this. Reprinted in Torri, 2nd ed., 1843.
Lorenzo Mancini. In his ' Saggio sull' uomo e
Lettera d' Abelardo ad Eloisa of Pope,' Florence,
1835, which I have not seen. Reprinted in Torri,
2nd ed., 1843.
Angelica Palli. 1874. This is mentioned by
Teza in Nuova Antoloc/ia, 3rd Ser. xxiii. 363.
Where was it published ?
Elisabetta Sesler Bond. In ' La morale inglese,'
Venice, 1815, pp. 65 ff. This reference is from
Torri, who reprints the translation in his 2nd ed.,.
1843.
Martin Sherlock. 1779 ? Cf. 10 S. ii. 92.
E. Teza. In Nnova Antologia, 3rd ser. xxiii..
363-8, 16 Sept., 1889.
Giuseppe Torelli. Verona, Carattoni, 1776.
Domenico Trant. In Torri, 1st ed., 1817.
Taddeo Wiel. In his ' Versioni da Thomas
Gray, John Keats, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe-
Shelley, Robert Browning,' Venice, 1906.
Giacomo Zanella. In his ' Varie version!
poetiche,' Florence, 1887.
Japanese.
In ' Shintaishi-Sho ' (' Poems in New Style ')-
Tokio (? ), 1882. I should be glad of further infor-
mation concerning this.
Latin.
Anonymous. ' Gray's Elegy rendered into-
Latin Elegiacs.' Oxford, James Parker & Co.,.
1876.
Christopher Anstey and William Hayward
Roberts. Cambridge, University Press, 1762.
Published anonymously.
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri. In Torri, 1st
ed., 1817.
Benedetto del Bene. Verona, Mainardi, 1817.
W. A. Clarke. Oxford, Blackwell, 1904.
Sir Alexander J. E. Cockburn, Lord Chief
Justice. About 1871. Reprinted Boston, Dort-
man, 1900.
Giovanni Costa. Padua, Comino, 1772.
64
NOTES AND QUERIES. tu & m. JA*. a, 1911.
J. D. In ' Musse Berkhamstedienses,' Berk-
Ihamsted, McDowall, 1793. Has this translator
been identified ?
Henry Strahan Dickinson. Ipswich, Deck,
1849.
H. J. Dpdwell, 1884. Information desired
concerning it ; how does it begin ?
S. N. E. London, 1824, 4to. Who was the
translator ?
Antonio Evangelj. Padua, 1772. I have not
seen this.
C. C. Felton. London, Longman, 2nd ed.,
1822. When was the iirst edition published ?
G. In The Gentleman's Magazine, 1793, Ixiii.
69, 166, 261, 360. Who was he ?
G[avin] H[amilton]. Edinburgh, Douglas &
Foulis, 1877.
D. B. Hickie. 1823, 8vo. Not in the British
Museum. At 10 S. i. 487 this is said to be re-
ferred to in The Classical Journal, xxviii. 377 ;
the reference seems to be wrong.
William Hildyard. London, 1838, 12mo.
Not in the British Museum.
Kobert B. Kennard. Oxford, Parker, 1892.
Benjamin Hall Kennedy. In his ' Between
Whiles,' London, Bell, 1877, and in ' Sabrinaj
Corolla,' 4th ed., London, Bell, 1890.
R. Langrishe, Eton' College. In Gray's
Works,' ed. Mason, London, 1775, ii. 205-13.
Robert Lloyd. In his ' Poems,' London, 1762,
pp. 239-57. " Also in Gray's ' Poems,' Dublin,
1768, pp. 115-25.
John Heyrick Macaulay. In ' Arundines Cami,'
1841.
H. A. J. Munro. Privately printed, 1874.
Murphy. Mentioned by Torri, 2nd ed., 1843,
p. xv. More information desired.
Sidney George Owen. In ' Musa Clauda,'
Clarendon Press, 1898.
J. Pycroft, Brighton, 1879, 8vo. Not in the
'British Museum. What is the first line ?
Henry T. Liddell, Earl of Ravens worth.
Neither this nor the following is. in the British
Museum. Information desired.
H. Sewell. 1875. Where published ? Or is
the edition cited by Bradshaw (p. 316), Romford,
1876, the only one published ?
P. B. Shelley translated the Epitaph. Printed
in Medwin's ' Life of Shelley,' 1808 (?), i. 48.
Canon Sheringham. 1901. I have not seen
this.
Goldwin Smith translated stanzas 1-3 and
the rejected stanza beginning " Hark, how the
-sacred calm," in ' Anthologia Oxoniensis,'
London, 1846.
Giuseppe Venturi. In Torri, 1st ed., 1817.
Gilbert Wakefield. Cambridge, Archdeacon,
1776.
C. A. Wheelwright. In his ' Poems, Original
.and Translated,' 2nd ed., 1811, ii. 67-78. Date
of 1st ed. ? At 10 S. i. 487 said to be referred to in
The Classical Journal, xi. 675 ; the reference is
apparently wrong.
J. Wright. London, T. Lewis, 1786. I have
not seen this.
I lately saw a translation (' T. Graii Elegeia
Latine redditum ') which began " Devexum
cecinere diem pulsa ara, boumque." The English
and the Latin occupied pp. 4-21 of some pam-
-phlet or book. Can any one tell me whose version
this is and where it appeared ? Quite probably
:it is one of those noted above.
Portuguese.
Anonymous (?). Four lines quoted in The
Gentleman's Magazine, 1839, N.S. xii. 470.
Antonio de Aracejo. According to 1 S. ii. 306,.
said to have been privately printed at Lisbon
toward the close of the eighteenth century. Can
some one give the exact date ? Reprinted by
Boulard in ' Traductions inter lin^aires,' Paris,
1802.
H. E. Almeida Coutinho Porto, 2nd ed., 1837.
Date of 1st ed. ?
Russian. '
V. A. Zhukovsky. In Vieslnik Evropy, Decem-
ber, 1802, part vi. 319-25. Can any one supply
information concerning Zhukovsky's second trans-
lation, made in 1839 ? Cf. 10 S. v. 357.
Spanish.
Anonymous (?). Referred to in The Gentleman's
Magazine, 1839, N.S. xii. 470.
Jos6 Antonio Miralla. Privately printed.
1904(?). A copy is in the Boston Public Library.
Welsh.
D. Davies. Caerfyrddin, I. Evans, 1798.
T. J. Thomas. Llandyssul, J. D. Lewis, 1908.
Excluding the last one mentioned in the
Latin group, the number of translations notec
above -is : Armenian, 1 ; French, 22 ; Ger-
man, 7 ; Greek, 10 ; Hebrew, 1 ; Hungarian,
1 ; Italian, 21 ; Japanese, 1 ; Latin, 35
Portuguese, 3 ; Russian, 1 ; Spanish, 2
Welsh, 2. Total, 107.
CLARK S. NORTHUP.
Munich.
(To be continued.)
SIGNS OF OLD LONDON.
(See 11 S. i. 402, 465 ; ii. 323.)
THE subjoined list of signs is compiled from
the original MS. treasury books (i.e., the
wardens' accounts) of one of the minor City
companies, c. 1530-1704.
Temp, circa Henry VIII. and Edward VI.
Rose, Coleman Street.
St. John's Head, Gracious Street.
Star, Cheapside (" Sterre in Chepe ").
Cardinal's Hat [? Lombard Street].
Three Tuns at Guildhall Gate.
Stocks Tavern [in the Stocks Market].
? Nag's Head (" Horsehed "), Cheapside.
Dagger, Cheapside (" Dagar in Chepe ").
Bull's Head, Cheapside (" Bullhed in Chepe ").
Cross, Tower Street.
Dolphin, Tower Street.
? Snipe, Eastcheap (" Snytte in estchepe "),
George, Bread Street.
Red Lyon (no place named).
Gun (" Gonne "), Billingsgate.
Castle, Paternoster Row.
White Horse, Friday Street.
Grey hound, ^Fleet Street.
118. III. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
65
Temp. Elizabeth.
Mitre, Bread Street.
Bishop's Head, Lombard Street.
Bell, Fish Street.
Mermaid, Bread Street.
Castle, Wood Street.
Star, Cheapside (" Star in Cheape ").
Dolphin, New Fish Street.
Saracen's Head [? Snow Hill].
King's Head, Old Change.*
George, Bread Street.
Pope's Head, Lombard Street.
Bell, Aldgate.
White Horse (no locality).
Boar's Head, Old Fish Street.
Boar's Head, Eastcheap.
Nag's Head, Cheapside ("horsse hedd in Cheape ").
Swan, Crooked Lane.
King's Head, Fish Street.
Three Tuns, Guildhall Gate.f
Chequer, Dowgate.
Greyhound, Leadenhall.
Parse, Old Bailey.
King's Head, Old Change.
Red Lion, St. Nicholas Shambles.
Mitre, Bread Street Hill.
Snipe, Eastcheap (" Snyte, Eastchepe ").
Mermaid, Friday Street.
Temp. James I.
King's Head, Old Change.
Boar's Head, Eastcheap.
Maidenhead, Candlewick Street.
Windmill, Coleman Street.
Queen's Head, Queenhithe.
Rose at Queenhithe.
Dolphin (no place named).
Sun, at Cripplegate.
White Horse (as before).
Mermaid, Bow Lane.
Flying Horse (locality unspecified).
Temp, diaries I.
Rose and Crown (no place).
Nag's Head Tavern, Cheapside.
Castle Tavern [? Lad Lane].
Dagger, Friday Street.
Ship Tavern, Old Bailey.
Dog Tavern at Ludgate.
Rose, Temple Bar.
Sun Tavern, Milk Street.
Goat, Long Lane.
Temp. Charles II.
King's Arms, Newgate Street.
Coffee Bourse, Temple Bar.
Rose Tavern, Poultry.
Dog Tavern, Garlick'lTill.
George, Ironmonger Lane.
Angel, Old Change.
George, Milk Street.
Half Moon, Cheapside.
Mitre, Cheapside.
Sun, Milk Street.
* This house belonged to the Company.
t Between this and the earlier reference occurs
mention of the " 3 Tonnes at Olde hawle gate " ;
later we have the " Thre Tonnes att Gyld havle."
Temp. James II.
Swan Tavern, Old Fish Street.
Sun Tavern, behind the Exchange.
Golden Lyon, Fetter Lane.
Crooked Billet, Maiden Lane.
King's Head, Fleet Street.
Dolphin, Lombard Street.
King's Arms, Cateaton Street.
Crown Tavern, Leadenhall Street.
Castle, Paternoster Row.
Crown, Honey Lane Market.
Temp. William and Mary,
Queen's Arms [? Newgate Street].
Old Dog Tavern (no place).
Cock Alehouse (ditto).
Wonder Tavern (ditto).
Cross Keys Tavern, Holborn.
Horn Tavern, Fleet Street.
Three Tuns, Newgate Street.
Bell, Bread Street.
Bull Head [sic], Wood Street.
Feathers, Cheapside.
Dean's Head [St. Martin's-le-Grand],
Rummer, Queen Street.
Dog, Newgate.
Swan, Dowgate.
Horn Tavern, Doctor's Commons.
Feathers Tavern (ditto).
Mitre Tavern, Paul's Church Yard. '
Ship Tavern (no locality).
King's Head, Old Exchange.
Baptist Head [? Clerkenwell].
Crown Tavern, Guildhall.
From the nature of the references to the
signs it would appear that all, or nearly
all of them, were taverns or other houses of
refreshment ; beyond this the records yield
no further information, so far as the great
majority of the signs are concerned. While
the arrangement of the list is from first to-
last purely chronological, it seems advisable
to add a note of caution in regard to the
division into regnal periods, the latter being
merely approximate, and making no allow-
ance for overlapping.
WILLIAM McMuRRAY.
" FIRST AERIAL SHIP." In these days of
improved, though still dangerous aeronautics >.
I would call attention to an advertisement
put forth by the European Aeronautical
Society, and printed in The A.thenceum r
pp. 573, 589, 25 July and 1 August, 1835 :
'"FIRST AERIAL SHIP. The Eagle, 160 feet
long, 50 feet high, 40 feet wide, manned by a
Crew of Seventeen, constructed for establishing:
direct Communications between the several
Capitals of Europe. The First Experiment of
this New System of AERIAL NAVIGATION will be
made from London to Paris and back again.
May be viewed from Six in the Morning till Dusk,
in the Dock Yard of the Society, at the entrance
of Kensington, Victoria-road, facing Kensington
Gardens, between the First Turnpike from Hyde
Park Corner and the Avenue to Kensington.
66
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. JAN. 28, 1911.
Palace. Admittance every day of the week, Is.
The Public is admitted on Sundays after Divine
Service. Free Admission the whole year (Sun-
days and Holidays included) for Members of the
Society and their Friends."
This looks rather like a hoax. One does
not see how the ship could be intended to
travel from city to city, and yet be on
exhibition the whole year at Kensington.
The advertisement may have been suppressed
.after the second date named, on this account.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
SWEETAPPLE SURNAME. The surname
Sweetapple (see ante, p. 3) occurs in the
oldest remaining -Episcopal Register of
Chichester, that of Bishop Robert Rede.
Richard Swetappell, Swetappull, or Swet-
appyll (the name is thus variously spelt),
was a vicar-choral in the Cathedral, and was
ordained priest by Rede on St. Matthew's
Day, 1398, at the presentation of the Priory
of Boxgrave (now Boxgrove). He attended
the Bishop's Visitations of the Cathedral in
1397 and 1409. At the former a complaint
was lodged against him, Philip Goldston,
-and Richard Juldewyn, " that they are too
quarrelsome and pugnacious." They are
warned to behave better in future under
penalty of 20d. to be applied to the common
fund of the vicars. In 1407 he has become a
notary public by Apostolical authority, and
subscribes as such to the formal election of
Dean Hasele in that year. He was employed
&t Boxgrave in 1409 on the election of a
Prior there.
In the churchwardens' accounts of St.
Edmund and St. Thomas, Sarum (Salisbury,
1896), I note the following :
1586/7, p. 134. For pewes. It'm for James
Swrebaples 12d.
1587/8, p. 136. James Swete Apple for mending
of a pin and nayles 5d. [Other items follow.]
1624/5, p. 181. Sam Sweetapple and his
partner for iiij days sawinge of Timber 9s. 4of.
[Other items.]
The name is to be found in the ' Clergy
List ' of the present year. CECIL DEEDES.
Chichester.
" CHARTUARY " : " TALE." W. Rastell
in 1534 printed in Fleet Street
" these xii. bookes, that ys to wyt Natura
breuium, The olde tenures, Lyttylton tenures,
"The new talys, The artycles upon the new talys,
Dyuersyte of courtys, Justyce of peas, The
chartuary, Court baron," &c.
The book with the inviting title ' The new
talys ' turns out to be ' Noue narrationes,'
and the following book is the ' Articuli ad
narrationes nouas pertinentes formati.' The
' Chartuary ' (pp. 361-89) is a collection of
precedents of charters, bonds, acquittances,
and the like. I note these words for the
Supplement to the ' N.E.D.' Q. V.
" HlC LOCUS ODIT, AMAT," &C. 111
* Variorum in Europa Itinerum Delicise,'
collected by Nathan Chytrseus, 2nd ed., 1599,
s.v. ' Brixiana,' p. 254, is the following :
In Palatio Capitanei.
Hie locus odit, aniat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Nequitiem, pacem, crimina, jura, probos.
Exactly the same words appear in ' Select ae
Christian! Orbis Delicise,' by Franciscus
Sweertius (Sweerts), 1608, p. 177, s.v.
' Brixiana,' probably copied from Chytrseus.
Each verb governs the substantive lying
under it.
I find almost the same lines in an old
commonplace book, viz:,
Hsec domus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, probos.
In this extract from some newspaper or
book (no date, probably put in some 60
years ago) it is said that they " may be
read in front of the Town-hall in Leipsic."
The lines according to the Chytraeus
version, excepting that the words " Nequi-
tiam, leges," take the place of "Nequitiem,
pacem," are given in Murray's ' Handbook
for Travellers in Central Italy,' 9th ed.,
1875, p. 184. There they are said to be
behind, and above, the seats of the judges
in the court of the Podesta in the Palazzo
Pretorio in Pistoia.
Baedeker's ' Handbook for Northern
Italy,' 7th ed., 1886, p. 370, confirms
Murray's book, and gives 1507 as the date
of the inscription.
I have found no mention in either Murray
or Baedeker of the lines as existing at either
Brescia or Leipsic. Probably they were
frequently used as an epigram in courts of
justice.
I add another version which I had noted
but forgotten :
Hsecce domus dat, amat, pmrit, conservat, honorat,
JEquitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos. 1620.
i.e.,
This court does right, loves peace, preserves the
laws,
Corrects the wrong, honours the righteous cause.
This epigram (presumably in the Latin only)
is given as an inscription on the sessions
house at Spittle-in-the-Street (Line.) in
Stephen Whatley's ' England's Gazetteer,'
1751.
It may be that there are other versions
of the epigram in other places.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
ii s. in. JAN. 28, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
67
" GOUBD " OB " GOOBD," BUILDING TERM.
I have recently encountered this word
in West Cornwall on some tendering for
stonewalling, the prices given being so
much a " gourd." From inquiry I find that
by this term is meant a run of 9 feet by 5 feet
high ; but a few miles off the measurement
varies. The word is new to me, and I do
not find it in the ' E.D.D.' YGBEC.
CONSPIRATORS OF 1562. There seems
nothing to add to the excellent account of
Arthur and Edmund Pole in the ' D.N.B.,'
except that it would seem that they were
arrested at " The Dolphin Inn," which
was apparently close to St. Olave's steps on
the south side of London Bridge, and not,
as is there stated, " near the Tower."
As to the other four conspirators arrested
with them, (1) Anthony Fortescue has been
the subject of much interesting and erudite
discussion at 9 S. vii. 327, 435 ; viii. 73,
449 ; ix. 53. He probably died in the
Tower. (2) Of Humphrey Berwick I can
discover nothing. (3) and (4) Anthony
Spencer and Richard Bingham were liberated
from the Tower 3 May, 1567 (Dasent, ' Acts of
the Privy Council,' vii. 351).
Each of the two astrologers and wizards
who had gone abroad 10 October, 1562, four
days before their fellow-conspirators were
captured, is described in the indictment as
" late of London, gentleman." It seems
probable, however, that the conspirator
Edward Cosyn is to be identified with
Edward Cussen, clerk, a fugitive, who
possessed the manor of Eyrtforde alias
Eyrthford in Bedfordshire, and is men-
tioned in the Appendix to the 38th Report
of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records
at p. 10, and in Strype's ' Annals,' II. ii.
597. Presumably he died abroad.
John Prestall, the other astrologer, seems
to have been inveigled into England in the
early part of 1572. An indictment was
drawn up against him in that year, but he
was not brought to trial, though he was
committed to the King's Bench, whence
he was liberated on bail in 1574. It appears
from the Appendix to the 38th Report at
LI 2, and from Strype, II. ii. 596, that
had been possessed of lands in Surrey.
He was attainted in 1578 or 1579, and was
in the Tower from before 11 October, 1578,
down to 22 July, 1588, when he was liberated.
He seems to have been living in London,
practising sorcery, in 1591. His pretence
to be
" next heir to the Poles, who are next in blood to
the Queen, whereof one is dead, and the other in
Spain, who is next heir to the crown, and whom
the Queen once promised to make kn.^wn as
heir apparent,"
was all nonsense. Is it known when he died
and who his parents were ? (See Dasent,
op. cit., viii., x., xi., xii. ; the Calendars of
State Papers ; and Cath. Rec. Soc., ii. and
iii.) JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to. affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
"TEBTIUM QUID." I shall be glad of
any information as to the original use of
this phrase. I have been greatly surprised
to find that no example of it has been sent
to us before 1826, and still more to find that
this is also the earliest date in ' The Stan-
ford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and
Phrases.' There is, indeed, something
similar in Coleridge's Friend of 1809-10,
where he says, " The baleful product or
tertium aliquid of this union retarded the
civilization of Europe for centuries " ; but
these seem to be the earliest examples yet
found. Some metaphysicians appear to
have used it to indicate a supposed
something that is neither subjective nor
objective, or different from both mind and
matter, and it may perhaps have arisen
in a Latin treatise on metaphysics. I am
informed that a current statement attributing
the phrase to Pythagoras is an error. The
Latin version of Iambi ichus has, not tertium
quid, but tertia res. I hope that some reader
of *N. & Q.' can furnish earlier examples,
and can help us in tracking tertium quid to its
fontem et originem. J. A. H. MURRAY.
Oxford.
c CASABIANCA.' When and where was
this poem first printed ? In his notice of
Mrs. Hemans in the 'D.N.B.,' Mr. C. W.
Sutton says that " in the second edition of
the * Forest Sanctuary,' 1829, ' Casabianca '
first appeared." This, however, is a mis-
bake, as it was printed at p. 129 vol. i. of
Mrs. Hemans's ' Poems,' published at Boston
in 1826. ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
JOHN OP COSINGTON. Cosington is the
name of a village in Lincolnshire. Do you
know a family of this name, and especially
John of Cosington, who lived during the
fourteenth century ?
EDME DE LAURME.
Soignies.
68
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 28, 1911.
DICKENS : ' OLD CURIOSITY SHOP,' CHAP.
xvi. : " SHALL ABALAH." When the old
man and child first met Messrs. Codlin and
Short, the persons of the Punch drama
were scattered upon the ground. They
included
"the foreign gentleman, who, not being familiar
with the language, is unable in the representation
to express his ideas otherwise than by the utterance
of the word * Shallabalah ' three distinct times."
I have not seen any explanation of this
foreign piece of lingo. Can it be an echo
of the " Ma sh' Allah ! A'uz bi' llah ! " of
Arab criers to proclaim a marvel ? At
shadow-shows in Egypt I have heard the same
words shouted by the Mutayyab (hired leader
of applause) at moments when an afrit or a
dreadful monster conies on the scene. Many
of the tramping showmen of Europe were
at one time Orientals of a kind ; I want to
know if any Arabic pious formulas were part
of their jargon. MABMADTJKE PICKTHALL.
5, Chimneys, Buxted.
' PICKWICK ' QUERIES. I shall be very
much obliged for explanations of the mean-
ing of the following phrases in Pickwick :
1. Flying the garter.
2. Punch and the flat-headed comedian
and the tin box of music.
3. Green-foil smalls.
PHILIP STEPHENS ON.
[1. A game played by boys, at which they measure
a distance by feet from a mark, and jump over the
back of another boy bending down. Also known as
" footit."
2. Close- fitting knee-breeches in tinsel ?]
REV. J. BONAR, 1646 : MORETTI FAMILY.
1. In the Scottish register known as ' the
Retours ' (a register of those served heirs to
deceased relatives) I find under date
9 December, 1646, John Bonar senior of
Lumquhat (in Fifeshire) served heir to
" Master Henry Bonar, Vicaj of St. Martin's
in-the-Fields, London." I can find his
name in none of the registers of that church,
nor in any account of the Church. Can
any of your readers assist me in tracing his
name and the date of his appointment, and
supply any information about him ? There
can be no doubt as to the fact of his being
vicar.
2. In 1816 Agnes Bonar, daughter of
Thomson Bonar of Camden Place and
Chiselhurst, Kent, was married to Count
Moretti, and in 1820 there was a son born
of the marriage. From the ' Annuario della
Nobilta Italiana ' I get the following infor-
mation under ' Sormani-Moretti.' This
family was a branch of the ancient Lombard
family of Sormani, which went to Reggio
Emilia in 1699, and succeeded to the name
and arms of the noble family of Moretti. It
received the title of Count on 25 November,
1776. The noble man bearing the title on
17 January, 1833, was Patrizo of Reggio.
I am anxious to get further information
as to this family and to know if there is any
descendant living. HORATIUS BONAR.
3, St. Margaret's Road, Edinburgh.
WILLIAM OF WARE. I understand that
some passages from this author's work on
the ' Sentences ' have been printed recently
in a book on the Immaculate Conception
B.V.M., and shall be very glad to be referred
to the title, &c., of the book. Is it in the
Bodleian Library ? Q. V.
DRYDEN AS A PLACE - NAME. John
Dryden of Canons Ashby, Northants, the
father of Sir Erasmus Dryden, 1st Bt., is
stated to have migrated from Cumberland.
In 1488-9 John, William, and Archibald
Drydane received the royal pardon for having
fought against King James IV. They are
described as " indwellers within the shire of
Roxburgh." It seems probable that the
Drydens of Cumberland came over the
border, as Dryden is a place-name in Scot-
land.
I find mentioned John Sinclair of Drydenr
Kt., under date 1513, and a Sinclair occurs
there again in 1551. In 1713 George Lock-
hart writes from Dryden to the Earl of Ox-
ford. I shall be glad of any information
relative to Dryden as a place-name.
P. D. M.
THE VICTORY : EARLY SHIPS OF THE
NAME. I shall be obliged for any informa-
tion relating to the following :
1. Date of construction of the Victory
which was lost off the Caskets, 4 October,
1744. The United Service Museum and
Greenwich Hospital possess models said
to be of this ship, but they differ ; another
model, with the same pretension, differs
from both. Would one or more models
have been made before construction. Char-
nock mentions a Victory as first heard of at
Portsmouth in 1703, taken to pieces in
1-721. Is anything known of this ship ?
2. At what date did the bowsprit cease to
terminate in a top and carry a spritsail mast
and jacks taff ?
ii s. in. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
69
F 3. What improvements, if any, were
introduced in the construction of ships-of-
war between 1714 and 1727 ? AITCHO.
[The second and third queries are too technical
for discussion in our columns. We should advise
application to Prof. Sir J. K. Laughton, the Secre-
tary of the Navy Records Society, King's College,
Strand, W.C.]
BEATRIX GORDON=ROBERT ARBUTHNOT.
I should be very grateful if any one
could tell me who was the father of Beatrix
Gordon. She married Robert Arbuthnot
of Scots Mills, and was the grandmother
of the celebrated Dr. John Arbuthnot.
Both she and her husband are buried
in the churchyard of St. Fergus, about six
miles from Peterhead. I have been informed
that she was the daughter of Robert Gordon
of Pitlurg, but I cannot see any mention of
her in that pedigree.
CECIL LISTER KAYE.
Denby Grange, Wakefield.
BIRD QUOTATIONS. I shall be glad to
learn the authors of the following :
1. Speckled, mellow-throated thrush.
2. Sweet thrush, whose wild untutored strain.
3. Farewell, sweet bird ! Thou still hast been (willow
warbler).
4. Each spangled back (sunbird).
5. Welcome, dear swallow, to thy well-known nest-
6. As I was walking all alone, I heard two corbies.
7. Say, weary bird, whose level flight (crow).
8. Thou shrill proclaimer of the lonely hour (owl).
M. SEATON.
[6. A well-known ballad, 'The Twa Corbies,'
first printed in Scott's ' Minstrelsy ']
SWALLOW IN GREEK CAROL. Who was
the translator into English of the following
Greek carol ?
The swallow, the swallow, she does with her bring,
Soft seasons, &c.
M. SEATON.
* FAREWELL TO THE SWALLOWS.' A poem
entitled ' Farewell to the Swallows,' attri-
buted to Thomas Hood, was referred some
twelve years ago to Canon Ainger, who
expressed great dubiety that Hood was its
author. It would be gratifying to know
by whom it was written if not by Hood.
The first stanza begins :
Swallows sitting on the eaves,
See ye not the falling leaves ?
See ye not the gathered sheaves ?
Farewell !
T. F. DWIGHT.
La Tour de Peilz, Vaud,' Switzerland.
BAGDAD. Has the Iranian or Old Persian
origin of the name of Bagdad, first advanced
by Fr. Spiegel (author of ' Eranische Alter-
tumskunde,' 3 vols., 1871), as stated by
Isaac Taylor in his * History of Place-Names '
(1898), i.e. = " God's Gift," derived from
Zend or Old Persian Bagha = Sanskrit or Old
Indian Bhaga, denoting divine power, and
d<2d=gift, been generally accepted ? The
Old Slavonic name and word for God, Bog,
which is preserved in all Slavonic languages
of the present time, has also been found to
be originally akin to the Zend and Sanskrit
name of divine power -Bagha and Bhaga.
Cf. Uhlenbeck's 'Alt-Indisches Worterbuch'
(1899), p. 193. H. KREBS.
ADDERS' FAT AS A CURE FOR DEAFNESS.
A man employed as a navvy on the line from
Tunbridge Wells to Brighton kills adders
in the season on the railway banks, and
extracts their fat, which is in demand as a
cure for deafness. " One lady " (in her
gratitude) " gave him quite a lot o' money."
I have heard the same specific vaunted
among the peasantry of East Suffolk. Can
any reader tell me whether the belief is
ancient, and also whether there is any ground
for supposing the ointment really efficacious ?
SCRUTATOR.
JACOBUS CLERK'S name appears in a Bible
of about the middle or end of the seven-
teenth century. The family was subse-
quently connected with the South of Ireland.
His eldest son was probably named John.
Has any reader come across the name in
pedigrees of English Clarkes ?
R. S. CLARKE, Major.
Bishop's Hall, Taunton.
COL. OAKES AND QUEEN CAROLINE'S
FUNERAL. Can any of your readers inform
me where I can find particulars respecting
Col. Oakes, who commanded a squadron
of the 1st Life Guards employed to suppress
the riot at the funeral of Queen Caroline in
1821 ? I believe that on this occasion he
shot a man dead, and was in consequence
cashiered ; but, later, an attempt was
made to reinstate him in his former position.
When this was found to be impracticable, he
received a vote of thanks for the effectual
manner in which he had prevented a riot, and
was appointed to the Chief Constableship of
Norfolk. I should be very glad to learn if
these facts are correct, or to know where any
details respecting his action in this matter
can be found. (Mrs.) A. M. W. STIRLING,
30, Launceston Place, Palace Gate, W.
70
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. HI. JAN. 28, 1011.
QUEEN'S REGIMENT : SHEFFIELD PLATE
DISH. The officers of the Queen's Regiment,
Warley, Essex, possess a very large old
Sheffield plate dish donor's name forgotten.
They would be glad to know what family
have a cockatrice or griffin with arrow in its
beak, and motto " In Deo spero," as shown
on the dish. W. MACKIE, Lieut. -Col.
NEWENHAM ABBEY, DEVON. In Dug-
dale's ' Monasticon,' vol. v. p. 690, it is said
that a minute account of the journey of the
colony from Beaulieu, 2 January, 1246/7,
appears in the Register of the Abbey of
Newenham, " at present in the possession of
William Wavell, Esq., M.D., of Barnstaple."
Can any of your readers inform me where I
can consult this Register, or find a transla-
tion of the account of this journey ?
J. K. F.
CHERTSEY CARTULARIES. Can any one
inform me whether there are any of the
cartularies of Chertsey Monastery published
besides those given by Dugdale ? G. A. K.
JEREMY SMITH, 1666. Can any reader
of ' N. & Q.' give me information concerning
Jeremy Smith, who held the office of Ranger
and Bailiff of Windsor Park in 1666 ?
E. G. COCK.
MARQUIS OF ORMONDE'S GUARD. Where
can I get information concerning officers
who served in the Marquis of Oimonde's
Guard of Battleaxes ?
E. G. COCK.
BELFAST REGISTERS. Are there any old
registers of Belfast in existence ? If so,
would it be possible to see them ? I want
information concerning some one born about
1677 in Belfast. E. G. COCK.
IRISH BOOK OF REMEMBRANCE. I have
a letter from an old Irish lady (now dead)
in which she refers to a " Book of Remem-
brance " which must have been published
(probably in Ireland) before 1800. It was
presumably a chronicle of Ulster families
or of Anglo-Irish history. Apparently there
was a list of subscribers printed at the
beginning. Can any reader kindly refer
me to such a book ? I am not at all sure
that she gave me the right title of the book
and I can find nothing like it at the British
Museum. W. ROBERTS CROW.
ALEXANDER HOLMES. 1848. In or aboul
1848 the late Alexander Holmes, formerly o1
3, St. George's Place, Hyde Park Corner, hac
a remarkable adventure. A leader in The
Times followed, entitled ' Taking the Bull
>y the Horn.' Can some reader put me in
correspondence with some one who retains
a copy of the paper, now out of print ? I
am interested, as the person referred to
was my uncle, and the attempt was made
,o save his brother my father-in-law, the
ate Joseph Arthur Holmes, J.P., D.L., &c., of
logher House, co. Sligo, near which a hired
assassin lay concealed. ALFRED EDGAR.
55, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh..
MILTON BIBLES.
(11 S. iii. 1.)
IN the later years of the last century I was
a frequent visitor to Bristol, and always
went the round of the old-book shops from
the Colonnade to George's in Park Street,
and I believe it was Kerslake who told me
that when he was staying at a hydropathic
establishment at Matlock, a fellow-visitor
told him he had an old Bible in his bedroom
that had belonged to Jo. Mitt on, the sporting
man. Kerslake asked to see it, and, on its
being brought, exclaimed : " Why, this be-
longed to John Milton the poet ! " to which
its owner replied : " If it only belonged to a
poet, it ain't no good." The result was that
Kerslake obtained it for a trifling sum, and
later very liberally handed it to the British
Mueum authorities at the same price.
I am positive I acquired this information
twenty or more years ago, and have no
doubt it was from Kerslake's own lips.
GEORGE POTTER.
10, Priestwood Mansions, Highgate, N.
P.S. Since sending the above to 'N. & Q.'
I have found in my Milton scrapbook an
article with the heading 'Milton's Bible,'
signed Thomas Kerslake, from The Athenceum
of 5 January, 1884, which gives an extended
account of the acquisition of this Bible, and
references to others. I may add that I have
drawn Sir George Warner's attention to this
article, but I would recommend its perusal
to J. S. S. and others interested.
Probably some information as to the
provenance of the Bible in question might be
obtained by going through Kerslake's book-
catalogues. I have two of them of about the
late fifties or early sixties of the last century,
which comprise the remains of the library
formed by Dr. William Turner of Herbal
n s. m. JAN. 28, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
71
fame, and of that of Sir Matthew Hale.
Kerslake's methods of cataloguing were
eccentric, and at the time of publishing
the two catalogues which I have he was
suffering from an acute attack of " news-
paperitis," and added a " foot-note " of ten
columns to one of the entries. * N. & Q.,'
inter alia, came in for a bit of Mr. Kerslake's
mind. All this, however, is by the way.
But I feel sure the Milton Bible will be found
in one of his catalogues, for Kerslake was
not the man to hide a find of this kind.
I may mention that an article on Milton's
Bibles appeared in The Times of 13 December,
1907. See also ' Book-Prices Current,' 1901,
No. 2838. W. ROBERTS.
18, King's Avenue, Clapham Park, S.W.
Your correspondent has confused a
mother and daughter in the paragraph
beginning " Mrs. Foster, daughter of
Deborah," &c. It was Deborah Milton, the
poet's youngest surviving daughter, who
married Abraham Clarke, and her only
surviving daughter Elizabeth Clarke, who
married Thomas Foster. Deborah Clarke
died in 1727, and Elizabeth Foster in 1754,
while the latter 's husband survived until
1761. For a note on Elizabeth Foster that
escaped Masson's attention see 2 S. iii. 265.
PERCEVAL LUCAS.
It was Milton's granddaughter, the
daughter of Deborah, who married Thomas
Foster. Deborah married Abraham Clarke,
and her daughter Elizabeth married Thomas
Foster, and for her benefit 'The Mask of
Comus ' was performed at Drury Lane
Theatre in 1750. She died on 9 May, 1754,
and was buried at Islington.
In Sir Bernard Burke's ' Rise of Great
Families : Extinction of Families of Illus-
trious Men,' these particulars are found.
R. C. BOSTOCK.
See 7 S. vi. 253.
JOHN T. PAGE.
SOPHIE DAWES, BARONNE DE FEUCHERES
(11 S. iii. 27). There is at least one portrait
at Chantilly. S. D.
A sketch of this adventuress in Chambers' s
' Biographical Dictionary,' 1897, p. 284, is
derived apparently from private informa
tion, or perhaps from French crimina
records. Mr. T. H. Ward has an accoun
of her in ' Men of the Reign,' 1885, pp. 317-
318. SCOTUS.
Miss WYKEHAM, BARONESS WENMAN
11 S. iii. 27). Lord Folkestone to Thomas
Oeevey, 23 February, 1818 :
" Clarence has been near dying ; has been
efused by the Princess of Denmark, and is going,
} is thought, to marry Miss Wykeham."
>eevey's ' Letters,' vol. i. p. 272.
" But the maddest thing of all is what appeared
a the Gazette of Tuesday the peerage conferred
n . She is a disreputable half -mad woman.
He perhaps thought it fair to give her this com-
>ensation for not being Queen, for he wanted to
tiarry her, and would have done so if the late
ing would have consented." ' Greville Me-
noirs,' vol. ii. p. 84.
At a sale of curios some years ago at
ing Street, Covent Garden, Mr. J. C.
Stevens, according to a newspaper cutting,
ffered
a historic flag, which sold for eight guineas.
This flag is of linen, and hand-painted with the
rown, rose, shamrock, and thistle, and the words
King and Constitution.' It was used at the time
f the Coronation of George IV. and William IV.,
nd originally belonged to Miss Wykeham, after-
wards the Baroness Wenman, a descendant of
William of Wykeham. She was a Court beauty
md a friend of Queen Adelaide."
R. J. FYNMORE.
Sandgate.
LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508 ; iii. 37).
W. S. S. confuses the lady's husband with
ler son, the latter being the bearer to Queen
Victoria of the news of her succession. The
irst Marquis Conyngham died 28 December,
1832, according to Burke's ' Peerage.' H.
' YOUNG FOLKS' (11 S. ii. 450, 511 ; iii.
34). Besides ' Treasure Island,' Stevenson's
Kidnapped ' and ' The Black Arrow ' were
originally published as serials in this
Deriodical. * Kidnapped ' ran from 1 May
31 July, 1886, in fourteen instalments,
and was published in book-form during the
same year. ' The Black Arrow ' ran through
seventeen numbers of Young Folks, from
30 June to 20 October, 1883 ; but though it
preceded ' Kidnapped ' in point of date, it
was not published as a book till July, 1888.
Both 'Treasure Island' and 'The Black
Arrow ' purported to be written by " Captain
George North," a pseudonym which was
dropped when the stories were republished.
The history of ' Treasure Island ' formed
the subject of an interesting correspondence
between Mr. Robert Leighton, Dr. Alex. H.
Japp, and Mr. James Henderson in The
Academy, for 3, 10, and 17 March, 1900.
Although ' Treasure Island ' was begun in
August, 1881, at The Cottage, Castleton of
Braemar, it was not completed until Steven-
son had arrived at Davos in October for the
winter. W. F. PRIDEAUX.
72
NOTES AND QUERIES. [i> s. ra. JAN. 28, mi.
THOMAS HARE (11 S. ii. 509). Is
G. F. R. B. certain that he has given the
name and place correctly ? An examination
of various books fails to show that a Thomas
Hare ever was born here, ever married here,
ever lived here, or ever died here.
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
MONTAGU GERRARD DRAKE (11 S. iii. 29).
William Mountague of Little Okely,
Northants, in his will, dated 30 July, 1702
(P.C.C. 197 Eedes), refers to his great-grand-
son Montagu Garrard (Gerard) Drake.
G. F. R. B. may find this reference of use.
There are other Drakes mentioned in the
will. F. S. SNELL.
JAMES FORSYTE (11 S. iii. 25). I re-
member very well James Forsyth as a class-
fellow and companion at the Grammar
School of Aberdeen in 1848-51. Thereafter
we were at Marischal College and University
together for four years. At the close of that
period a number of our fellow-students
gained commissions in the regular army
by competition, and in the H.E.I. C.'s forces
by presentation of Cadetships by one of the
directors, who was, or had been, Lord Rector.
James Forsyth' s, I think, was one of the
presentations. He must, at the time of his
receiving it, have been 17 or 18 years of age.
His father was the Rev. James Forsyth,
D.D., minister of the West Parish Church,
Aberdeen. ALEX. WARRACK.
Oxford.
THOMAS CORYAT AND WESTMINSTER
SCHOOL (11 S. iii. 29). Probably Mr. Cousin
wrote Westminster by mistake for Win-
chester. In the late Mr. Kirby's 'Win-
chester Scholars,' at p. 153, one Thomas
Coryat occurs as the last on the roll for 1590.
The entry is as follows :
"Coryat, Thomas, (10) Odcombe. Qy. the
traveller and author of ' Crudities.' "
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
In Gorton's ' Biographical Dictionary '
it is stated that Coryat was educated at
Westminster. The ' Dictionary ' notice is
based on Wood's ' Athenae Oxonienses '
and the ' Biographia Britannica.'
W. SCOTT.
" ELZE "= ALREADY (11 S. iii. 25).
This elze, " already," is only a particular use
of the general form else, and is so explained
both in the ' N.E.D.' and ' E.D.D.,' with
illustrative examples. The former quotes
Gawin Douglas and Montgomery, and
reminds us that it is in Ray's ' Glossary of
North-Country Words,' reprinted by me
for the E.D.S. Ray has : " Else, adv.
before, already. ' I have done that else,
i.e. already.' ' The derivation is from the
A.-S. elles, not, as Jamieson suggests, from
the A.-S. ealles, which is an unrelated word,
and means " wholly." The senses are :
otherwise, in another way ; also, at another
time, formerly, already.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
If MR. BAYNE has access to a copy of
Sir Thomas Dick Lauder on ' The Great
Floods of August, 1829, in Morayshire,' 3rd
ed., Elgin., 1873, he will find the word
else used in the sense of " already." The
quotation in which it occurs refers to the
rising flood endangering an ornamental
structure in his grounds :
'" John,' said I to the gardener as he was open-
ing the gate that led to it, ' I fear our temple may
be in some danger if this goes on ! ' ' Ow, sir, it 's
awa' else.' "
ALEX. WARRACK.
Oxford.
ROYAL CHRISTMASES AT GLOUCESTER ( 1 1 S.
ii. 501). With reference to Gloucester's
position as an administrative centre in Saxon
and Norman times see Freeman's observa-
tions in his * Norman Conquest,' ii. 61 and
iv. 393, 623, and 690. Both Robert, Duke
of Normandy, son of William the Conqueror,
and Edward II. are buried in the Cathedral.
N. W. HILL
SS. PROTHUS AND HYACINTHUS (11 S.
ii. 528). From ' Studies in Church Dedica-
tions ' (pp. 141-2) it seems probable that the
church of Blisland, near Bodmin, is the only
English ascription to St. Protus, whose name
has been sometimes rendered Pratt. Miss
Arnold-Forster does not identify him with
Protasius, Bishop of Milan, who was a friend
of St. Athanasius ; for, she says,
" the evidence of Blisland feast-day [formerly
September 11] points us to another saint, a certain
very apocryphal martyr, commemorated at Rome,
together with his companion St. Hyacinthus, on
September 11, under the reign of the Emperor
Gallienus. His story may be found in Baring-
Gould's ' Lives of the Saints,' where it forms part
of the romantic and fabulous Acts of a certain
high-born damsel, St. Eugenia."
The name of St. Protus was to be found in
the Calendars of York, Sarum, and Hereford.
ST. SWITHIN.
[W. S. S. also thanked for reply.]
us. HI. JAN. 28, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
GTJICHARD D' ANGLE (US. ii. 427, 472, 493).
In the ' Vie et Gestes du Prince Noir '
he is mentioned at least five times. I
refer to " Le Prince Noir Poeme du Heraufc
d'armes Chandos The Life & Feats of
Arms of Edward the Black Prince by
Chandos Herald a Metrical Chronicle with
English Translation and Notes by Fran-
cisque-Michel. London & Paris 1883."
In the description of the army of the King
of France before the battle of Poitiers,
Chandos the Herald speaks of " a body of
four hundred armed horses, with four
hundred knights upon them, all of the
noblest escutcheon."
Guychard d'Angle les conduisoit,
Qui noble chivaler estoit. Line 1040.
He appears to have been associated in his
command with le Sieur d'Augebugny and
Eustace de Ribemont.
In the early part of the battle
Atant veissez venir poignant
Un chivaler preu et vaillant
Qui appelez fut Guychard d'Angle.
Cil ne se boutoit pas en Tangle,
Ains feroit parmy le mestee,
Sachez, de lance et de esp^e.
Line 1192.
(In other instances " veissez " is " veissez,"
with an accent.)
" Then might you see coming spurring on a
preux and valiant knight,"Guichard d'Angle by
name, who did not put himself in a corner, but
struck with lance and sword, know you, amidst
the metee."
Later Guichard d'Angle, having joined
the English, appears in the vanguard led
by the Duke of Lancaster, when the army
was marching into Navarre on its way to
Spain :
Et 1'autre le bon Guychard d'Angle,
Qui ne doit estre mis en Tangle,
Ainz est bien droit que horn s'en remorge.
Line 2283.
" The other the good Guichard d'Angle, who
must not be put in a corner, but is it right that
men should remember him."
Probably "is it " means " it is." " The
other " means the other of the two marshals,
the first mentioned being Stephen de
Cosinton.
The next extract comes from the descrip-
tion of the battle of Najera. Speaking of
those who were on the right of the Duke
of Lancaster, Chandos Herald says :
Et la fut le bon Guychard d'Angle,
Qui ne se tenoit pas en Tangle.
Ovesque li ot ses deux filtz.
Line 3233.
" And there was the good Guichard d'Angle,
who kept not in the background. His two sons
he had with him."
He is mentioned again, among the chief
officers of the " right noble Prince, whilst
he held the province of Aquitaine " :
Monsieur Gwichard d'Angle fut mareschal.
Line 4193.
Estephen (sic) de Cosinton apparently wa&
co -marshal.
I have given the true numbers of the
lines. In the Errata is the following :
" In the numeration of the marginal figures
for 1. 2890 read 2860, and so on till the end."
There is, p. 332, a note as to line 1040 :
" Guichard d'Angle, sire de Pleumartin, and in
1350, seneschal of Saintonge. He was present at
the engagement with the English at Saint-Jean-
d'Angely in 1346, and was taken before the same
town in 1351, and carried to England. After his
release at the end of the following year, he was
constantly engaged against the English, until
his capture at Poitiers. After this he joined the
side of England, in 1363 was appointed by the
Black Prince marshal of Aquitaine, and in such
capacity ordered the following year to levy the
revenues in the dukedom. (Rot. Vase., 38 Ed. III. ,
membr. 4 : Rymer, vol. iii. p. 726, cf. p. 801.)
He fought gallantly at Najera 1367. By an entry
dated February 19, 1341 (n. st.), Charles V. gave
to Geoffroy de la Celle, knight, 60 pounds torneses
of land in Touraine on the estates forfeited of
Guichard d'Angle, ' chevalier rebelle.' (Archives
Nat., JJ. 102, no. 182.) In 1372.be was elected
into the order of the Garter, and at the coronation
of Richard II. was rewarded with the earldom of
Huntingdon and 100 marks per annum for the
support of the dignity. He died in the spring of
1380."
According to the preface (p. xvi), Chandos
probably wrote his poem in 13 86, or perhaps
a year or two earlier.
Francisque-Michel in his preface (p. vi)
quotes from an " account drawn up by
indefatigable John Anstis, Garter King at
Arms," among his papers deposited in the
Heralds' College :
" Chandos was the herald of the famous Sir
John Chandos, constable of Aquitaine."
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
[See the note on Sir John Chandos, ante, p. 25.]
ISAAC JAMINEAU (11 S. ii. 509). He was
appointed Consul at Naples at the date given
by G. F. R. B. (2 July, 1753), and apparently
held that office till August, 1779, when he
was succeeded by James Douglas. He died
3 November, 1789. I have been unable to
find his name among the officials of the Post
Office in the various issues of the ' Royal
Kalendar ' between 1779 and his death.
ALFRED B. BEAVEN.
Jamineau wrote a paper * On the late
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius,' which
appeared in The Transactions of the Philo-
sophical Society, x. 563, 1755. W. S. S.
74
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. JAN. 28, 1911.
THE STAIR DIVORCE, 1820 (11 S. ii. 489).
Sharpe (' Genealogical Peerage,' vol. iii.),
Anderson (' Scottish Nation,' vol. iii.), and
Burke (' Peerage,' 1875 edition) repeat
substantially the same story. John William
Henry Dalrymple, who became 7th Earl of
Stair in 1821, married in 1808, to quote the
words of Anderson,
" Laura, youngest daughter of John Manners*
Esq., of Grantham Grange, and Louisa, Countess
of Dysart. This marriage was dissolved the follow-
ing year, in consequence of his having entered
into a marriage contract in 1804 with Johanna,
daughter of Charles Gordon, Esq., of Cluny. The
latter marriage was, however, dissolved in June,
1820."
The contradictions arise out of the intricacies
of Scots law. The future Earl became a
married man in 1804 without being 4 * aware
of it. No doubt the dissolution of his 1808
marriage was brought about at the instance,
or on behalf, of his real wife, Joanna Gordon.
There is no evidence to show that the two ever
lived together after 1809. According to
Scots law, separation for four years consti-
tuted a valid ground for divorce. It was on
this ground, I think, that the future Earl
obtained divorce in 1820. The question
of adultery had nothing to do with the case.
Public sympathy was largely on the side of
the lady. She lived in Edinburgh, possibly
died there, and was sometimes spoken of
as " the ill-fated Countess of Stair."
SCOTUS.
"DiE IN BEAUTY" (11 S. iii. 7). I can
answer my own query now : "in Schonheit
sterben " occurs in Ibsen's * Hedda Gabler,'
last act. G. KRUGER.
[MR. W. R. PRIOR also refers to Ibsen.]
" ALL COMES OUT EVEN AT THE END OF
THE DAY" (11 S. ii. 527). Were not these
words suggested by those of Brutus ?
O, that a man might know
The end of this day's business ere it come !
But it sufficeth that the day will end,
And then the end is known.'
' Julius Caesar,' V. i., last speech.
LIONEL SCHANK.
Is not this another version of the saying
" The evening brings all home " ?
NORTH MIDLAND.
It might seem at first sight as if the words
" All comes out even at the end of the day,'
were merely an equivalent for the trite
saying " Death equalizes all things." There
are, however, many old sayings which convey
a similar idea, but present it with consider
able variety of phraseology. It is some
vhat difficult to determine which of these
ayings the Home Secretary had in mind
when he quoted the words. One may
magine that he was giving the substance,
ather than the ipsissima verba, of some
Id writer, or perhaps that he was com-
)ining the sense rather than the actual
vords of several sayings. W. SCOTT.
I fancy that the difficulty lies in the
adverb " even," and that the phrase is tanta-
Tiount to the beautiful insight of Paul when
he declared " All things work together for
good." M. L. R. BRESLAR.
HOLWELL FAMILY (11 S. ii. 528). The
bllowing note regarding the Holwell family
may interest J. T. P. :
" Zephaniah and Sarah Hollival of St. Werburgh
Street, Dublin, had John Hollival, baptized in
St. Werburgh's Church, Dublin, 23 September,
1711. This John had the destiny to emerge from
:he Black Hole of Calcutta and become Governor
of Bengal."
The brothers Edward and Bowes, younger
sons of John Minchin Walcot of Glenahilty,
co. Tipperary, and Croagh, co. Limerick,
along with a John Pigott (?), were also
among the 23 survivors.
WM. JACKSON PIGOTT.
Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down.
ALEXANDER GLENNY (11 S. ii. 509).
All I can add is that his wife's name was
Deborah, and that she died 9 December,
1804, at the aee of 71 years.
W. W. GLENNY.
Barking, Essex.
CHRISTMAS BOUGH : CHRISTMAS BUSH
(11 S. ii. 507 ; iii. 14). This subject is
dealt with in an article by Mr. S. J. Adair
Fitz-Gerald which appeared in T. P.'s
Weekly, 23 December, 1910. S. O. L.
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (11 S. ii. 428,
494). Important information on this sub-
ject may be seen in The Athenceum of
16 and 30 July, 1892. H. S.
EXHIBITION or 1851 (US. ii. 410, 452,
493 : iii. 10). Surely, as Privy Councillors
and Cabinet ministers, T. B. Macaulay and
W. E. Gladstone were entitled to be,
and ought to have been, styled Right
Honourable, not Honourable. If the Official
Catalogue was at fault, it was unquestionably
a blunder. FREDERICK CHARLES WHITE.
26, Arran Street, Roath Street, Cardiff.
[The Official Catalogue described both as "the
Hon."]
n s. in. JAN. 28, i9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
75
EARLY GRADUATION : GILBERT BURNET,
JOHN BALFOUR (11 S. ii. 427 ; iii. 32).
On p. 88 of ' Admissions to the College
of St. John the Evangelist in the Uni-
versity of Cambridge,' Part II., ed. by
J. E. B. Mayor, is Wotton's certificate of
good, conduct from the fellows of St.
Katherine's Hall (the master being away).
It is here stated that he " commenced
batchelor of arts in January 1679/80."
This is decisive for the higher age of
thirteen years and c. five months.
EDWARD BENSLY.
The names of Wotton and Bentley appear
in the Cambridge Honours List for the year
1679/80. Wotton's name is second, and
Bentley 's sixth upon the list.
A. R. MALDEN.
* KOSSUTH COPPERED,' SATIRICAL POEM
(US. ii. 490). There is a copy of this in
the Boston Public Library. On the verso
of the title it is stated that " a portion of
this poem appeared, some weeks ago, in
The New York Herald." If L. L. K.
cannot find a copy near home, I shall be
glad to answer any question that may be
sent direct to me. ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
REV. J. SAMWELL : REV. J. PEACOCK
(11 S. iii. 9). In Julian's 'A Dictionary of
Hymnology,' 1907, p. 1586, it is stated that
John Peacock was b. 1731, became a
Wesleyan minister 1767, retired 1796, and d.
1803. In 1776 he published 'Songs of
Praise compiled from the Holy Scriptures.'
FREDERIC BOASE.
ANDREW ARTER'S MEMORIAL, HAMMER-
SMITH (11 S. ii. 10). Mr. Andrew Arter was
a timber merchant. He lived at Linden
House, Upper Mall, Hammersmith, and
represented Hammersmith in the first and
second London County Councils.
G. W. E. R.
The low stone pillar standing in Beavor
Lane, Hammersmith, is evidently a sort of
cippus marking the angle of a particular plot of
ground, which has been left by some incom-
plete road-widening in its present dangerous
position ; and Mr. Andrew Arter, whose
name is inscribed on the face of the stone,
was evidently the owner of the plot. His
death was recently announced in the papers,
and he was the son of a timber merchant
of the same name, the site of whose premises
in Little North Street, Chelsea, is now
absorbed in that of Harrod's Stores, and
who, somewhere in the fifties, erected the
houses of Bridge Avenue, Hammersmith,
as a speculation. J. TAVENOR-PERRY.
Chiswick.
The worthy here commemorated lived in
Beevor Lane for many years, and died,
I believe, last year. The monument is merely
a boundary stone which he inscribed similarly
to one deciphered by me long ago, and
mentioned in the papers of a bygone archaeo-
logical society. SAMUEL PICKWICK.
QUAKER OATS (US. ii. 528). Recalling
former notices on numerous hoardings, I
seem dimly to remember an explanation of
the term " Quaker Oats " vouchsafed by the
makers of that delicacy. The name (so I
seem to recall the matter) was properly
" Quaking Oats," from a fancied resemblance
to the Briza Media or " quaking grass " of
botany. As " quaking," however, was felt
to be an unsuitable word to use for an article
of food, it was altered into " Quaker,"
whence in due time emerged the portly
gentleman in Quaker garb, whose full-blown
proportions represented the result of the
use of the preparation. SCOTUS.
It is certain that " Quaker Oats " are
food so named because the peculiar way of
milling that produces this food was first
carried on in Pennsylvania, the American
State named after its founder, the famous
Quaker Wm. Penn. T k WILSON.
Harpenden.
WILLIAM MEARS, BELLFOUNDER, 1626
(11 S. ii. 445). The baptismal entry recorded
at this reference does not seem to refer to
the Wm. Mears of the Whitechapel bell-
foundry, though possibly his family might
have come from Nottingham. The White-
chapel firm was begun about 1570 by
William Mott, who sold it in 1606 to Carter
of Reading. It passed to Thomas Bartlett
in 1619, and he and his descendants carried
it on till the end of the century. The last
Bartlett died in 1701, when Richard Phelps
succeeded. After him came Lester & Pack ,
then Chapman was taken into partnership,
and the firm became Lester, Pack & Chap-
man ; but the first name was soon dropped,
and the firm was known as Pack & Chapman.
Their bells were noted for being marked
with riming mottoes, well known to cam-
panologists. Pack died 1781, when Chap-
man took as a partner William Mears. The
latter had learnt his trade at the White-
chapel foundry, and had started in business
for himself several years previously. The
76
NOTES AND QUERIES. in s. m. j. a, 1911.
firm became W. & T. Hears in 1787, Thomas
probably being the son of William. William
retired altogether in 1789. These particu-
lars are abridged from Stahlschmidt's
* Church Bells of Kent,' pp. 66, 92, 93, 109-
113, where a fuller account of the White-
chapel firm can be found, but no further
details as to William Mears. A. RHODES.
SHIP LOST IN THE FIFTIES (11 S. ii. 528).
Was the ship in question the Birkenhead
(steam- transport), wrecked on the coast of
Cape Colony on 26 February, 1852 ?
G. C. MOOEE SMITH.
On 19 October, 1853, the Dalhousie (com-
manded by Capt. Butterworth) foundered
off Beachey Head, when the Captain, the
passengers, and all the crew, with the
exception of one man, perished, about
60 persons in all being lost. Perhaps this
may be the vessel referred to in the query.
The newspapers of the period will no doubt
contain a list of the drowned.
On 30 August, 1857, the Dunbar clipper
was wrecked on the rocks near Sydney,
when 121 persons perished. Only one
individual was saved, after clinging to the
rocks for about thirty hours. W. SCOTT.
ALFIERI IN ENGLAND (US. ii. 421, 532 ;
iii. 37). The duel between Edward, second
Viscount Ligonier, and Count Alfieri took
place in the Green Park on Tuesday, 7 May,
1771. See Public Advertiser, 11 May ;
Gazetteer, 11 and 14 May ; Town and Country
Mag., iii. 238, 277 ; Lady's Mag. [1771],
478. Alfieri is said to have been wounded
slightly in the arm, and his life spared, after
he was disarmed, by the injured husband.
In the petition for divorce at Doctors'
Commons in June-November of the same
year the movements of Lady Ligonier and
Alfieri after the duel were described by
several of the witnesses. The former left
Cobham Park on the evening 'of 7 May, and
from the 8th to the 17th of the month she
resided in New Norfolk Street, London,
where she was visited by the Count. On
17 May she set out for France, being joined
at Shooter's Hill by Alfieri ; but, as no
accommodation could be had there, they
proceeded to " The Rose Inn " at Dartford.
Here they stayed together until Monday,
20 May. On that morning they went in
a post-chaise to Shooter's Hill; but Lady
Ligonier and another lady returned the same
evening to " The Rose Inn," and proceeded
to Rochester. Shortly afterwards Alfieri
followed on horseback. The witnesses state
that the pair were going to France together.
See ' Select Trials at Doctors' Commons/
printed for S. Bladon, London, 1779, vol. iii.
The account of the divorce proceedings
in the ' Journals of the House of Lords,'
January, 1772, corroborates the statement
that Lady Ligonier went to France ; and
according to a paragraph in The Public
Advertiser of 20 November, 1771, she was-
then residing at Calais. There are many
statements about the pair in 'The Gazetteer
of 1771, and a careful search through the
files of the newspapers for this year would
probably disclose Alfieri' s movements in
detail. HORACE BLEACKLEY.
'TiT FOR TAT,' AMERICAN NOVEL (US.
ii. 489 ; iii. 56). In Sampson Low & Co.'s
' English Catalogue, 1872-80,' Miss M. E,
Smith is named as the author of a book with
this title, an edition of which was published
in 1875 by Hurst & Blackett. This lady is
apparently the Mary Elizabeth Smith who
brought an action for breach of promise
against Lord Ferrers, and wrote in 1849 a
poem, ' Moscha Lamberti,' that is partly
autobiographical. N. W. HILL.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US.
iii. 29).
Captives of his (or my) bow and spear
A faulty remembrance of 2 Kings vi. 22,.
" Wouldest thou smite those whom thou
hast taken captive with thy sword and with
thy bow ? " W. C. B.
[PROF. BENSLY also refers to the same text.}
RIDDLE OF CLARET (11 S. ii. 527). An old
custom is here referred to. It is difficult,,
perhaps impossible, to ascertain how it
originated. A riddle or sieve was no doubt
employed for convenience in carrying the
bottles of wine. Claret rather than any
other wine was probably consumed because
it was comparatively cheap and easy to be
procured. But why a riddle of thirteen
bottles should almost invariably have formed
a feature at archery dinners is not at all easy
to conjecture. At archery meetings the
number thirteen may perhaps have been
supposed to bear some mystic relationship to
the number of arrows discharged in the
competition.
But the gift of a riddle of claret was not
confined to archery meetings. At golf
competitions also the magistrates and town
council, invited to the closing celebration
dinner, were in the habit of presenting for
consumption a riddle of claret. Perhaps
some superstitious notion lay at the root
a s. m. JAN. 28, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
77
of the custom. At all events, the gift of a
riddle of claret was of long standing, and
dates from days when people attached more
importance to lucky and unlucky numbers
than they do now. SCOTTJS.
WATER-SHOES FOE, WALKING ON THE
WATER : GEORGE PARRATT (11 S. ii. 485).
In * The Wonders of the Universe ; or,
Curiosities of Nature and Art,' 1824, culled
on the false title and at the head of the
letterpress * The New Wonderful and Enter-
taining Magazine,' p. 47, is an article headed
' A Curious Invention for Walking upon the
Water.' The first paragraph is :
" Mr. Kent's [of Glasgow] recent invention of
a machine by which he walks or moves along
upon the water at the rate of three miles per
hour, has produced the announcement of another
novelty of the same description, but which seems
more extensively useful. The inventor terms it
an Aquatic Sledge ; it is thus described : "
Then follows an account of this sledge,
invented " some years ago " by Mr. Bader,
" councellor of mines at Munich, in Bavaria."
" The first public experiment was made with
this machine on the 29th of August, 1810, before
the royal family at Nymphenburg, with complete
success. It is described as consisting of two
hollow canoes or pontoons, eight feet long, made
of sheet copper, closed on all sides, joined to
each other in parallel direction, at a distance of
six feet, by a light wooden frame. Thus joined,
they support a seat resembling an arm-chair, in
which the rider is seated, and impels and steers
the sledge by treading two large pedals before him
Each of these pedals is connected with a paddle,
fixed perpendicularly in the intervals between the
two pontoons. In front of the seat stands a small
table, on which he may read, write, draw, or eat
and drink .... This vehicle is far safer than a
common boat, the centre of gravity being con-
stantly in the middle of a very broad base, a
circumstance which renders upsetting, even in
the heaviest gale, absolutely impossible. It is
moreover so contrived, that it may be taken to
pieces in a few minutes, packed in a box, and put
together in very short time."
The box containing two metal pontoons,
each eight feet long, and the other things
must have been rather large.
Some 20 or 25 years ago there was an
exhibition of " life-saving " inventions in the
Channel. The chief organizer, or perhaps
only one of the organizers, was a friend ot
mine, dead long ago, Mr. George Parratt.
He was a fairly prolific inventor of in-
genious but useless things. His pet in-
vention was a lifeboat consisting mainly
of collapsible pontoons, which in case of
need were to be inflated by bellows. This
was, I think, the principal machine in the
exhibition, which took place on and about
the^catamaran steamship Castalia, which is
now, or was not very long ago, a smallpox
hospital, somewhere in the lower reaches of
the Thames.
Among the strange inventions was one for
as it were walking in the sea. It was
an indiarubber boat about four feet long by
about two feet in the middle, with two india-
rubber stockings attached to the bottom.
The inventor's assistant got into this boat
with his legs in the stockings, closed the
top covering round his waist, and then
went down the perpendicular ladder lashed
to the ship's side. Either before going
down or directly he got into the water, he
proceeded to inflate the apparatus through
a tube. He had with him a little double
paddle, with which he was intended to
propel himself. The tube, however, got
loose or otherwise out of order, and the boat
began to fill and sink. Fortunately, there
was a very handy man on board, with little
more than a pair of old trousers on ; he
hurried down the ladder, and caught the
hand of the sinking assistant of the inventor.
There were other inventions which were
so dangerous that it was a wonder that no
one was drowned, although the sea was
perfectly calm.
At one time Parratt 's raft lay in the
Serpentine at another in the water at (?)
the Earl's Court Exhibition. What be-
came of it eventually I do not know.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
COUNTY COATS OF ARMS : Co. SOMERSET
(11 S. iii. 30). According to 'The Book of
Public Arms,' Somerset has no armorial
bearings :
" The seal of the County Council simply ex-
hibits the inscription, ' The Seal of the County
Council of Somerset, 1889.' The arms of Bath
have sometimes done duty for the county; but
the ' Justices ' Seal, which is most beautifully
executed, represents King Ina in his Palace of
Justice, and at his feet is a portcullis, the old
Plantagenet badge, evidently allusive to the old
Beauforts, Dukes of Somerset. On the dexter
side are the arms of the Somersets, Dukes of
Beaufort, balanced on the sinister by the arms
of the Seymours, Dukes of Somerset. At the
base are the arms of the See of Bath and Wells,
and at the top are the arms .... a cross patonce
between four martlets."
ROLAND AUSTIN.
Public Library, Gloucester.
PlTT AND WlLKES ON ENFRANCHISEMENT
(11 S. iii. 8). Inquiry is made at the above
reference for the names of the 36 boroughs
which Mr. Pitt in 1785 proposed to dis-
franchise, and the inquirer adds that he put
this question many years ago.
78
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. JAN. as, 1911.
I doubt whether it is possible for us at
this time to specify them, and I cannot find
that Mr. Pitt ever enumerated them. In his
speech in Parliament (18 April, 1785) he
expressed his belief that the House would
agree with him in thinking that " there
were about 36 boroughs so decayed as to
come within the scheme," and he proposed
" the establishment of a fund fa million
Eounds] for the purpose of purchasing the
anchise of such boroughs as might be
induced to accept of it " (' Parl. Hist.,' xxv.
441-2).
This language seems to me to show that
he necessarily left the names of the boroughc
in the dark. The Western counties of
England by themselves would have provided
a sufficient number of Parliamentary boroughs
which were ripe for extinction.
W. P. COURTNEY.
Unless the names of the burghs proposed
to be disfranchised by Pitt are contained
in the Journals of the House of Commons,
it is hard to say where a complete list of
them may now be found. The following
works might be consulted : Stockdale's
' Parliamentary Guide ' for 1785, or ' De-
bates and Parliamentary Register .... from
1780 to 1796,' published by Debrett.
Massay's ' History of England during the
Reign of George III.,' vol. i. chap, ix., deals
at some length with the subject of corrupt
constituencies. Earl Stanhope (' History of
England from the Peace of Utrecht,' vol. i.
chap, i.) gives a list of 35 " hereditary seats,"
which probably coincides to some extent with
the list of Pitt. The Rev. Christopher
Wyvill, Rector of Black Notley, published a
work bearing directly on Pitt's Bill, entitled
' Summary Explanation of the Principles of
Mr, Pitt's intended Bill for Amending the
Representation of the People in Parliament '
1785. He also wrote, ' State of the Repre-
sentation of the People of England/ 1793, and
* Political and Historical Arguments proving
the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform,'
1811, 2 vols., but I cannot say whether he
gives the names of burghs to be disfranchised.
As regards Wilkes, it is scarcely likely that
any list of the burghs he proposed to wipe
out can now be found. His speech, how-
ever, in bringing forward his measure, is still
extant, and may be read in " The Treasury
of British Eloquence .... Compiled by Robert
Cochrane," Edinburgh, W. P. Nimmo,
1881, pp. 165-9. In the course of his
speech he names some ten or a dozen burghs
to which the term " rotten " used to be
applied. W. SCOTT.
RATS AND PLAGUE (11 S. ii. 465).
" Accordingly it appears that the priests
and diviners then knew that ' scientific
basis ' " is the ending of my Note 2431 in
The Boston Evening Transcript's ' Noter>
and Queries ' of 10 September, 1910 ; and
this note can doubtless be seen in the file of
that periodical at its London office, 3,
Regent Street, by any interested in coinci-
dences. My note was based on a dim
remembrance of a similar article in The
New York Evening Post of about ten years
ago, so the parallel is not novel, as thought
by CANON SAVAGE.
Further light is thrown by Baikie's * Sea
Kings of Crete,' pp. 167-8 ; and that the
rats are not directly responsible for spreading:
the plague, but merely as they are" hosts "
for fleas, may be inferred from a paper
read before the (London) Zoological Society
on 15 November, and briefly recorded in
The Athenceum of 10 December, p. 738.
ROCKINGHAM.
Boston, Mass.
HACKNEY AND TOM HOOD (11 S. iii. 29).
Hood slightly alters Byron's ' Childe
Harold,' canto iii. st. 21 :
There was a sound of revelry by night,
And Belgium's capital had gather'dthen
Her Beauty and her Chivalry, and bright
The lamps shone o'er fair women and brave men.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
[MB. T. BAYNE and DIEGO also refer to Byron.]
GOATS AND Cows (11 S. ii. 466, 534).
George Eliot was evidently cognizant of
this custom. In ' Middlemarch ' (1881 ed. r
p. 291), when describing the old farm home-
stead called Freeman's End, she says r
" There was an aged goat (kept doubtless on
interesting superstitious grounds) lying
against the open back-kitchen door."
See also 9 S. v. 248, 359, 521 ; vi. 132, 196,
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchingtorj, Warwickshire.
" PUCKLED "(US. ii. 526). The ' N.E.D/
records the word " puck-led " s.v. " Puck,' r
sb. 1 e, but gives no such early quotation as
that produced by MR. PIERPOINT.
L. R. M. STRACHAN.
Heidelberg.
CAP!. WlTHAM AND THE SlEGE OF GIBRAL-
TAR (US. iii. 28). The incident referred to
is not to be found in Drinkwater's ' History
of the late Siege of Gibraltar,' although that
writer gives a full account of the sortie made
on the night of 26 November, 1781, along
with a plan of the operations. He even
condescends upon details, as where he
ii s. in. JAN. 28, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
79
narrates that " a volunteer of the 73rd
Regiment lost his kelt [sic] in the attack,"
from which it may be argued that it was a
" warm affair " while it lasted. See ' His-
tory,' 3rd ed., p. 203 (London, J. Johnson,
1786). T. F. D.
A Suffolk Hundred in the Year 1283. Edited by
Mr. Edgar Powell. (Cambridge University
Press.)
MR. POWELL has published a valuable addition to
the history of Suffolk, and, we may add, an
important contribution to the financial practices
of the Edwardian period. The original is pre-
served in the Record Office in a manuscript
on seventy skins of parchment written on one
side only. It is with few exceptions in good con-
dition, but the list of parishes is not quite com-
plete. The roll is not only important as showing
by what method the national finances were raised
when Edward I. was king, but also in some cases
it indicates how farming was carried on in days
when, as many people yet fancy, the cultivators of
the soil were but little above the condition of
serfs.
The money which the King called for was
urgently required for the second Welsh war,
which broke out on Palm Sunday, 1282, and lasted
till the October of the following year, when, as
the writer tells us, " the last Celtic Prince of
Wales suffered the ignominious death of a traitor."
It was for carrying on this contest that the assess-
ments were made, and, the royal treasury being
empty, the King in the first instance was, it seems,
compelled to apply to the merchants of Lucca
to help him in discharging his most pressing
needs ; but the cash he required was far more
than they were willing to supply. No time, how-
ever, was to be lost, so Edward in June, 1282,
dispatched John de Kirkeby, Archdeacon of
Coventry, who afterwards became Bishop of Ely,
to borrow money of the towns and religious houses.
London contributed 4,OOOZ., and York 693Z. 6s. 8d.
Although, with the exception of those for Ipswich,
the documents which Mr. Powell has given are
the only ones providing full details, a roll remains
in which we have the gross sum for each shire.
In this it is strange to find that Lincolnshire and
Norfolk were regarded as by far the richest
counties.
Towards the end of the volume there are thirty
eight carefully elaborated tables of the tax lists
of the Hundred of Blackbourne. These will
require much study before it will be possible
to understand what were the live and dead stock
belonging to the men and women who were
occupiers of lands and tenements.
We know of no other documents of about
the same period which give so fully the average
of prices as those before us. An attempt has been
made to draw a comparison between the popula-
tion of the villages in 1283 and 1908. It has been
impossible to make any statement that will be
satisfactory, but no reasonable doubt exists
that there were far more men, women, and children
in the villages 625 years ago than those who
follow the older teachers areVilling to imagine.
Traherne'8 Poems of Felicity. Edited by H. I-
Bell. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
WE venture to think that too much has been
made in some quarters of the poems by the seven-
teenth-century poet Thomas Traherne, which were
first published by Mr. Dobell in 1903, and are here
edited, with additions, by Mr. Bell. There is
always a danger that the discoverer of an un-
known or forgotten treasure will appraise the
value of his find too highly, because it is his
own ; and when it is claimed that Traherne
belongs to the same brotherhood as Vaughan and
Herbert and Crashaw and Henry King, we cannot
but dissent. On their weaker side of mystical
obscurity and involved quaintness there may be
resemblances, but he has little of their brightness
of fancy and felicity of expression. His lines do-
not arrest and stamp themselves on the memory.
Traherne's lyre had but few strings, and on
three of these he harps with somewhat tedious-
iteration. A favourite theme with him is the
superior blessedness of infancy, to which he
returns again and again, contrasting its innocence
and bliss, the loss of which he never ceases ix>
deplore, with the deterioration of adult manhood ,.
which is further off from heaven. Here he is
at one with Vaughan ; and R. L. Stevenson
might have written the poems entitled ' Shadow
in the Water ' and ' On Leaping over the Moon.'
Another subject on which Traherne loves to dwell
is the deeper insight and wider scope of the inward
spiritual eye. Here he approximates to W T ords-
worth, who might have acknowledged as his own
the lines
A meditating inward ey
Gazing at Quiet did within me ly (p. 14).
A third maxim of his mystic philosophy, to
which many poems are devoted, is that the world
belongs of right and de facto to him who with
the seeing eye and thankful heart best appreciates
its beauties, far more than to the mere possessor
and legal proprietor. Izaak Walton had anti-
cipated him in this fine sentiment.
The editor includes thirty -nine poems inot
given in Mr. Dobell's editio princeps, and tells
us the little known of Traherne and his works.
He need not have doubted yer (p. 144), a common
spelling of ere in seventeenth- century books.
The Utopia of Sir Thomas More. Edited by
George Sampson. (Bell & Sons.)
THE philosophical yarn of that veracious mariner
Hythlodaye (" Babbler ") is of perennial interest,
and Messrs. Bell have produced an excellent
edition of it in their " Bonn's Libraries " under
the care of Mr. Sampson. He has appended to
the ' Utopia ' the Latin original of 1516, together
with Roper's Life of More (in a critically accurate
text obtained by the collation of four MSS. in the
British Museum), and a selection of his letters.
Mr. Sampson falls into the common mistake of
over-annotating his text. The reader hardly
requires to be told in a note, when More refers
to Cicero, that this was " the famous orator and
philosopher M (p. 24) ; and no one will thank him
for the information that CC in the text means
" two hundred " (p. 81). An " algorisme stone "
was certainly not a " slate," as explained p. 333 ;
and " La Bruayere " (p. 137) needs to be corrected.
Per contra, we have to thank him for a full Biblio-
graphy, and an excellent engraving of Holbein's.
I portrait of More, which forms the frontispiece.
80
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. ra. JAN. 28, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. JANUARY.
MR. EDWARD BAKER'S Birmingham Catalogue
283 contains among works under Art Solon's
' Ancient Art Stoneware of the Low Countries,'
2 vols., folio, 1892, 21. 5s. In a list under Debrett
is ' Dictionary of the Coronation,' 1902. There
.are works under Folk-lore, Heraldry, and India.
Under Mary, Queen of Scots, are Cowan's ' Who
wrote the Casket Letters ? ' 2 vols., 16s., and
Cust's ' Authentic Portraits,' based on the re-
searches of Scharf, 18s. 6d. Napoleon items
include Sergeant's ' The Burlesque Napoleon,'
* Lost Voyages ' by Rose, ' Surrender ' by Dick-
son, and ' New Letters.' Works under Occult
include Paracelsus, 2 vols., 4to, cloth, new, 1894,
11. Is. Under Pottery are Solon's ' Old English
Porcelain,' 11. 15s., and his ' Old French Faience,'
11. Is. Regimental Records include Almack's ' Royal
Scots Greys,' limited edition on Japanese vellum,
new, 1908, 21. 2s. Under Spain will be found
' The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain,' 3 vols.,
small 4to, 1907, 18s. 6d. ; and Calvert's ' Al-
Jiambra,' 15s. Under Tibet is Landon's ' Lhasa,'
.2 vols., royal 8vo, 1905, 15s.
Mr. Baker has also a short special list of 80
items, Catalogue 284, devoted to Astrological,
Occult, and Spiritualistic Subjects. These in-
clude Inman's ' Ancient Faiths,' 2 vols. bound
in 4, 1868-9, 21. 12s. 6d. ; Wilson's ' Dictionary of
Astrology,' 2 vols., 1819-20, 21. 10s. ; ' Incidents
in the Life of Madame Blavatsky,' by Sinnett,
.21. 2s. ; ' Gypsy Sorcery,' by Leland, 1891,
ilimited edition, 11. 10s. ; and Mather's ' Kabbala
Denudata,' 1887, 21. 2s.
Ellis's Catalogue 132 contains choice and
scarce books, such as the first edition of Ogilby's
' xEsop,' 1651, in dark-blue morocco, 9Z. 9s. ;
ithe first Spanish edition of Ariosto, 1549, 61. 6s. ;
Castillo's ' The Courtyer,' 1561, first edition,
unorocco, 111. 10s. ; Cotgrave's ' French-English
.Dictionary,' first edition, folio, olive morocco,
1611, 12Z. ; a fine tall copy of Drayton's ' Poems,'
1619, 151. 15s. ; the first edition of Fielding's
* Amelia,' 4 vols., 1752, 51. 5s. ; the first collected
-edition of Forde's ' Virtus Rediviva,' 1661,
Wl. 10s. (this copy contains all the separate title-
pages, and has written on the fly -leaf " Thomas
Fforde, his booke cost 3s.") ; and the first edition
of George Herbert's ' Remains,' 1652, 4Z. 4s.
The best edition, black-letter, of Hall's * Union
of the two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lan-
castre & Yorke,' 1550, is 12Z. j and a beautiful
'Copy of the first edition of Chapman's ' Homer,'
2 vols. in 1, folio, 25Z. There is one of the most
profusely illustrated books issued in France in
the early years of the sixteenth century, Petrus
de Natalibus, ' Catalogus Sanctorum et Gestorum
eorum,' 1508, 12Z. 12s. An excellent copy of the
'Second Folio Shakespeare is priced 180Z., and a
fine one of George Wither's collection of ' Em-
'blemes,' first edition, 1635, russia extra, 21Z.
A section of the Catalogue is devoted to Law,
Trade, and Economics. The first edition of
Chambon's ' Le Commerce de 1'Amerique par
Marseille,' 2 vols., 4to, 1764, an important work
for the Colonial history of America, is 4Z. 4s.
Under Intrationes is a fine example of the Pyn-
son press, ' Intrationum excellentissimus Liber,'
tfolio, black-letter, calf, 22Z.
Messrs. Henry March Gilbert & Son send from
Winchester their Catalogue 36. The Magazine of
Art, 1887-98, is 11. 4s. Under Bohn are 22 vols.
of his Classical Library, half-vellum, 3Z. 17s. 6d. ;
under Brayley and Britton, ' The Beauties of
England and Whales,' 19 vols. in 24, 8vo, full calf,
1801, 1Z. 15s. ; and under Dickens, the first
edition of ' Dombey,' 1848, half -calf, 18s. There
are many items under Hants, including Duthy's
'Sketches,' 1839, 14s.; and Milner's 'Win-
chester,' second and best edition, 2 vols., 4to,
half-calf, 1809, 1Z. 2s. 6d. There is a fine set of
Hume and Smollett, 17 vols., calf, 1841, 1Z. 5s.
Other works include ' The International Library
of Famous Literature,' edited by Garnett, 20 vols.,
11. 10s. ; with oak stand, 2Z. ; Milman's ' Latin
Christianity,' 6 vols., 12s. ; Mommsen's ' Rome,'
4 vols. in 5, 1Z. 2s. 6d. ; and first edition of Rogers's
' Italy,' original boards, 1830, 1Z. 5s. (it will be
remembered that Rogers spent 10,OOOZ. in pro-
ducing this work). Under Waterloo are six tracts
bound in one volume, 1816-19, 10s. 6d. In the
Addenda are the Knebworth edition of Lytton ;
Wheatley's edition of Evelyn, 4 vols., 1Z. Is. ;
Lady Lennox's ' Life and Letters ' ; Siniles's
* Lives of the Engineers,' &c.
Messrs. Maggs Brothers' Catalogue 263 contains
a choice collection of decorative engravings,
principally by English and French artists of the
eighteenth century, in monochrome and colour.
Bartolozzi, Cosway, Morland, Reynolds, Row-
landson, Say, J. R. Smith, C. Turner, and Wheatley
are all represented ; among those after Rem-
brandt are ' Judas casting down the Thirty
Pieces of Silver,' ' Tobit protected by the Angel,'
and ' The Standard-Bearer,' of which an illus-
tration is given. Views of London include
Waterloo Bridge, 1817 ; south view of London
and Westminster from Denmark Hall, near
Camberwell, 1779 ; and Somerset House from
the Strand, 1819. Part IV. contains Napoleonic
caricatures in colours. The Catalogue has many
illustrations, among them being ' Children
throwing Snowballs,' by Ward ; ' Children
Nutting,' by Morland ; * Merry Wives of Windsor.'
by Peters ; and ' Sleeping Nymph,' by Mrs.
Opie.
tn
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us. m. FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
81
SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE.
THERE have been many sad notes in dear
old ' N. & Q.' since Thorns founded it in 1849,
but none more sad than our note to-day of
the death of the Right Hon. Sir Charles
Wentworth Dilke.
Born on the 4th of September, 1843, at
76, Sloane Street, the house in which he
died on Thursday, the 26th of January,
he came from his earliest years under the
influence of his grandfather, whom he much
loved, and who lived close at hand in a bright
cheerful house in Lower Grosvenor Place,
with a view from the drawing-room windows
of the gardens of Buckingham Palace. Of
the pleasant memories of this he was speak-
ing to me quite recently.
On the death of his wife Mr. Dilke went
to live at Sloane Street, where his son built
a library and rooms for him. It was the old
man's delight to have his grandson with him
among his books and get him to read to him
choice selections from his twelve thousand
volumes. It was in this way that Sir Charles
acquired his large range of knowledge of
literature, and his grandfather's influence
gave the whole tone to his life in politics
and social questions. Many of these topics
found a place in The Athenceum, which
condemned the employment of children
in mines, giving illustrations of their
emaciated condition, and favoured parks
for the people, public libraries, and other
advantages. To carry out the enlarged
ideas of his grandfather was Di Ike's aim
from his youth, and, as is well known, he
worked to secure better conditions for the
people to the last day of his life.
The affection with which his grandfather
regarded The Athenceum Dilke inherited to
the full, and his desire was that the same
spirit of truth and independence should be
maintained as when the paper was under
Mr. Dilke' s control that it should be
"faithful and just in its criticisms, the
earnest seeker after truth, severe when the
occasion required, but always more happy
when helping to add a name to the roll of
fame than when removing an unworthy one
from it."
It was in 1872 that Sir Charles became
proprietor of ' N. & Q.' on the retirement
of Thorns, who was succeeded by Doran
as editor ; but it was not until soon after
Knight became editor that Dilke joined
" the happy few, the band of brothers."
From that time he read ' N. & Q.' week by
week, following closely every discussion in
its columns ; and though he did not write
such elaborate articles as those by his
grandfather on Pope, Junius, and other
subjects, his contributions over the signa-
ture of D., as will be seen by the last two
General Indexes and the earlier half-yearly
indexes, were most various and suggestive.
He frequently adopted other signatures,
made up of the initials of the first words
of the heading of the article. The question
as to the National Flag greatly interested
him, and he was delighted when the dis-
cussion was finally settled by the official
recognition of the Union Jack. It is curious
that it should have been thought that he
lacked a sense of humour. To those who
knew him his hearty laugh was infectious,
and, besides, how could a man have written
that amusing brochure ' The Fall of Prince
Florestan of Monaco' without an uproarious
sense of fun ?
The review of ' Papers of a Critic ' which
appeared in ' N. & Q.' on the 10th of July,
1875, was by his old friend Thorns.
No record of Dilke' s life would be complete
without a reference to the second Lady
Dilke. Sir Charles as a tribute to her pub-
lished 'The Book of the Spiritual Life,'
which she had written as complementary
to her works * The Shrine of Death ' and
' The Shrine of Love.' This he preceded by
a short memoir, and Knight in his review
which appeared in ' N. & Q.' on the 3rd of
June, 1905, said : ' : Admirably has the feat
been accomplished, and though the chivalry
and the devotion are everywhere apparent,
the reticence of the utterance is not less
manifest than its fidelity and truth. It is
the record of 'a noble, industrious, and
well -spent life, memorable in literature,
art, and social progress, and as the final
exposition of a spiritual, practical, and in a
sense optimistic faith.'
JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS.
82
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. in. FEB. 4, mi.
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY k, 1911.
CONTENTS.-NO. 58.
SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE, 81.
NOTES : Tottel, Puttenham, and Chaucer, 82 "Terra
Susana," 83 Burial-Entries of Strangers, 84 "Pas-
senger" in the 'N.E.D.' Sir Thomas Bodley, M.P., 85
Ordinaries of Newgate "The Old Mogul," Drury Lane
" Vail" : its Use by Scott, 86.
QUERIES :-"Tewke," "Tuke," a kind of Cloth Prickly
Pear and Monreale Cathedral Henry, Prince of Wales-
Herbert W. Stebbins- William Elmham ' Death of
Capt. Cook,' 87 Lea Wilson's Collection of Bibles-
Benjamin Garlike Scottish Titles conferred by Cromwell
Sir Francis Bathurst Long Barrows and Rectangular
Earthworks Parish Formation Fairfax : Sayre : Maun-
sell Sudane or Soudan Family' Guide for the Penitent,'
88 Pyrrhus's Toe Warren Family Sir Charles Chalmers
Hampshire Map Amphisbsenic Book Hungarian Bib-
liography " Rebecca and her Daughters " Pawper or
Pauper Bird Subterranean Chamber in Staffordshire, 89.
REPLIES .-Thread - Papers Benjamin Bathurst, 90
Archdeacon Fifield Allen Thackeray and the Stage-
Thackeray's Last Words Matthew Prior's Birthplace-
Bishop FitzGerald, 91 Authors Wanted" Essex " as a
Christian Name "Ennomic" Corpse Bleeding, 92
Speaker's Chair, 93 Count of the Holy Roman Empire-
Miss Pastrana" Bolt/on ffaire groates " Canova's Busts,
94 Corn and Dishonesty Smiths of Parndon Rev.
Sebastian Pitfield's Ghost Church with Wooden Bell-
Turret' Flying Dutchman,' 95 Spider's Web and Fever
Coroner of the Verge Club Etranger, 96 "Carent"
Songs of the Peasantry Inscriptions in Churchyards
W. J. Lockwood The Three Wishes Knots in Handker-
chiefs, 97 Blackstone's ' Commentaries ' Whyteheer, 98.
NOTES ON BOOKS :-' The Oxford English Dictionary.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : Canon Hewitt.
TOTTEL' S ' MISCELLANY,' PUTTEN-
HAM' S 'ARTE OF ENGLISH POESIE,'
AND CHAUCER.
ALTHOUGH more than 350 years have passed
since Tottel published his ' Miscellany,' the
authorship of only four of the 134 anonym-
ous poems in his book is claimed to have
been traced, and one of these claims is ex-
tremely doubtful. I have found three more
authors to share in them, Chaucer amongst
the number.
On the strength of a MS. note-book of
verse, partly composed, and partly copied
from others, by a William Forrest, and
finished by him 27 October, 1572, the
authorship of two poems seems to be
definitely settled. One of these (Arber,
p. 173),
I lothe that I did love, Ac.
Forrest assigns to Lord Vaux, and his
assignment is corroborated by George
Gascoigne in the Epistle to young gentlemen
prefixed to the 1575 edition of his * Posies '
(" Cambridge English Classics," p. 11). The
other is the celebrated song (Arber, p. 163)
Geve place you Ladies and begon, &c.
assigned by Forrest to John Heywood.
In the * Arte of English Poesie,' p. 247,
Puttenham unhesitatingly asserts that Lord
Vaux also wrote (Arber, p. 172)
When Cupid scaled first the fort, &c.
Which of the Lords Vaux is meant by
Puttenham, Forrest, and Gascoigne is a
matter that has not been determined, and
is still open to discussion.
Next we come to the doubtful ascription.
In Tottel (p. 164) there are fourteen lines
which seem to be an extract from a poem
formed on the plan of the legends in ' The
Mirror for Magistrates,' and the first letters
of the lines and the final one of the quotation
spell the name " Edwarde Somerset." It
is extremely unlikely that Somerset wrote
these lines, because the conceit of signing
a name in verses was commonly practised
by writers of those times, who sometimes
make the party designated speak in the first
person.
Up to the present, so far as I can learn,
these are the only poems in Tottel's " Un-
certain Authors " that have had authors*
names subscribed to them since the ' Mis-
cellany ' first appeared in June, 1557.
Churchyarde, however, in his * Challenge/
1593, claims that he wrote " many things
in the booke of songs and Sonnets " printed
in Queen Mary's days, meaning, no doubt,
Tottel's work ; but I have sought vainly
through his known work for proof of the
statement, which I do not challenge, for
Churchyarde was a voluminous writer, and
evidently a very honest man and a good
fellow withal. ' The Gorgeous Gallery of
Gallant Inventions,' 1578 a similar
anthology to Tottel's, and intimately con-
nected with it, for it prints several poems
included in the * Miscellany,' though some-
times in a varied and not easily recognizable
form -contains one of Churchy arde's songs,
commencing,
The heat is past that did mee fret, &c.
Parke's * Heliconia,' pp. 94-5.
No signature is given, but the original or
amended version of the song, minus two-
stanzas and with variations, occurs in
' Churchyardes Charge,' 1580 (Collier's re-
print, pp. 51-2). But Tottel yields nothing
tike what can be seen hi Churchy arde's
mown work.
ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
The last writer for whom a claim has been
put in is Sir Francis Bryan, who, according
to Michael Drayton (' Elegies,' 1627), had a
share in the ' Miscellany.'
As I had found little difficulty in tracing
PuttenhanVs quotations from Tottel and
others, it occurred to me that some success
might follow from an inquiry into the ante-
cedents of some of these charming little
gems in the * Miscellany,' for it seemed to
me to be a lamentable thing that no progress
had been made in unearthing the authors and
history of a collection of songs and sonnets
which had passed through seven editions
by 1587, and which must have exercised
very great influence on writers and men
and women of culture up to King James's
time, if not beyond. I soon found that Sir
John Harington the Elder had been a
contributor to the collection, and that one of
his poems is of high historical interest ; and
that another piece in it was composed
by Sir Antony St. Leger, who was Lord
Deputy of Ireland from 1540 to shortly
before his death in 1559. But I was more
than surprised to find Chaucer in the
' Miscellany,' although I had noted that there
is verse in Tottel which must belong to
writers of about 1400, or much earlier than
Tottel's time.
In the Aldine edition of ' Chaucer's
Works ' there are two versions of one of the
poet's * Minor Poems,' headed ' Good
Counsel 1 of Chaucer,' both commencing,
Fie fro the pres, and duell with sothfastnesse, <kc.
Vol. VI., pp. 295 and 316-17.
The shorter version consists of three stanzas
of seven lines each, and has various readings
from the longer one, which adds a stanza,
also of seven lines, as the 'Envoy.' Now, if
one turns to Tottel, pp. 194-5, this poem
will be found there, headed " To leade a
vertuous and honest life." The Tottel
poem sometimes agrees with one version of
the Chaucer poems, and sometimes with the
other where it differs from its fellow ; but
it omits the ' Envoy.' Chaucer is said to
have written the verses " upon his dethe
bedde leying in his great anguysse," but
doubts have been cast upon the genuine-
ness of the work. Tyrwhitt, however, and
Godwin admitted its authenticity, and it is
included in most or all authoritative editions
of Chaucer issued in recent years.
I think this evidence is sufficient to
justify us in putting down Chaucer as one
of Tottel's authors, and so leave it.
There is another little matter concerning
Chaucer which may as well be cleared up
now, especially as it concerns Puttenham,.
who quotes as from the poet twice, a*.
ollows :
O soppe of sorrow soonken into care, &c.
P. 221
When faith failes in Priestes sawes, &c.
P. 232.
The latter quotation, of course, comes from
he ' Minor Poems,' where it is headed
Chaucer's Prophecy ' ; but the other does
not belong to the poet, and is the property-
)f Robert Henryson, forming the opening
>f ' The Complaint of Cresseid ' (see ' Dunbar
Anthology,' p. 17], Oxford Universty Press,'
1901). Puttenham found his quotation in
he 1532 edition of Chaucer's Works, printed,
y Thomas Godfray,* which is really a
iscellany, for it contains pieces by Lyd-
gate, Occleve, Gower, Scoggin, and others,
n prose and verse. CHARLES CRAWFORD.
"TERRA SUSANA."
THIS is a term of rare occurrence. The
only published work in which it seems to-
lave been noticed is in an undated list of
;he possessions of St. Augustine's, Canter-
3ury, following the ' Chronica ' of William
Thorn in Roger Twysden's ' Decem Scrip-
tores,' col. 2202. Thorn wrote about 1397.
The principal passages are these, Arabic
numerals being used in place of Roman :
' In marisco cum aqua 418 acr. 3 virg. 2 Day-
works et de terra Susana 400 acr. dimid.
3 Dayworks. Item de feodo camerse 130 acr.
5 Dayworks et dimid. Item de feodo vesturse-
de terra marisci 48 acr. Item ;de feodo vestures-
de terra Susana et bosco 42 acr.. 1 rod.
4 Dayworks Item apud Stodmersch de terra.
Susana prati et marisci 488 acr. 1 virg. dimid."
The word is always printed in italics..
Somner, who compiled a glossary to the
* Decem Scrip tores,' says that " terra susana"
means worn-out land, the condition of which
has been exhausted by over-cultivation,,
from the French suranne, " which exceeds a.
year." Ducange, quoting passages in the
above list where the word occurs anJ
Somner' s opinion, adds significantly : " Sed,
ut verum fatear, vim vocis non assequor
omnino." Kelham in his dictionary of the
'Norman or Old French Language' (1779)
has the entry : " Susanne, suranne (terre)^
land worn out with too long ploughing."
This corroborates Somner, and proves that
the word has been found in its French form.
I have not been able to trace any instance-
of this, and should be glad to hear of one.
What has suggested the present note is
that the word occurs in the foundation.
84
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.
charter of the chapel of Northye, Sussex,
a copy of which is included in the Register
of Bp. Robert Rede of Chichester (1397-
1415), and another at the end of Book Y
in. the Chichester Cathedral muniments.
This charter is shown by internal evidence
to belong to A.D. 1262. The passage is :
" Et tres acras terre mee susane in eadem
parochia [Bixle, i.e. Bexhill] quas Robertus
Bercarius aliquando tenuit de me in Calde-
cote " Book Y reads, " Et tres acras
mee Lusane," which looks as if the copyist
did not understand the term. The Rev. E.
Turner in Suss. Arch. Coll., xix. 23-6,
gives a very free translation of the charter,
and avoids this word altogether.
I have only one more probable instance of
its occurrence, namely, in " Susan's Farm,"
Eastbourne. This has been traced on an
old map, and seems more likely to be a
survival of a piece of terra susana than a
personal place-name.
If it is assumed that the term came from
across the Channel it is natural enough that
it should not occur beyond the counties of
Kent and Sussex. As to its derivation,
Somner's explanation seems unsatisfactory,
for land passed over for the year in ploughing
operations would be fallow rather than
derelict, to become fruitful again after suffi-
cient rest. It seems to be coupled with
marshland in Kent, and William de Northye's
grant shows that it was near five other acres
aquis et fossatis circumquaque inclusas."
An ingenious guess, therefore, has been made
that it may be land soused, or subject to
periodical flooding in wet seasons ; but this
conjecture could not " hold water " if the
term came from Normandy, and its French
origin seems to be matter of certainty.
Littre gives no help, nor does the word occur
in Moisy's ' Glossaire Anglo -Normand,' or
* Dictionnaire du Patois Normand ' ; but
M. Eusebe de Lauriere in his ' Glossaire
du Droit Francois ' (a Paris, 1704, torn. ii.
p. 397) explains the term " Susan, Surana-
tion," thus :
" When a process commenced has not been
followed up .... or when a Sentence, a com-
mission, a judge's mandamus, or a prince's
rescript has not been put into execution within
the year. ..."
and a note is added :
" In France a rescript which any one has
obtained from the prince perishes in the ye;-r if
it has not b een used, like a Pontifical rescript."
Such a process then becomes useless, of no
value ; so does over-cultivated land. May
this be the clue to the meaning of terra
susana, or is it to be sought elsewhere ?
The double form sur, sus, gives no difficulty.
Both in Normandy were equivalent to the
Latin super, says Kelham, sub becoming suz.
CECIL DEEDES.
Chichester.
BURIAL-ENTRIES OF STRANGERS.
I HAVE sometimes thought what an excellent
thing it would be for genealogical searchers
if the numberless entries in parish registers
of the burial of strangers (where parishes or
places are mentioned) could be made gene-
rally accessible. Unquestionably, some of
these " foreign " entries, could they be known
to interested parties, would supply many a
missing pedigree-link ; but they occur
where no ordinary searcher would dream of
looking for them. Large towns, or even
villages situated on important roads, would
probably supply many examples.
By way of illustration, I append a series
of rough notes I recently extracted from the
unprinted registers of St. Peter's, Notting-
ham, during a recent search over a period
of about 'a century. I may add that scores
of officers and soldiers occur among burials
of the Civil War period, many of whom were
doubtless far from their homes :
1573. John, son of Tho. Forman of Strelley,
Notts, buried.
1576. " One Michaell, a stranger, who by his
own confession came from within a myle of
Oxforde, and departed at the house of one Robert
Wilkenson in the towne of Nott., bookebynder,"
buried.
1593. Sir James Abercrumby buried.
1599. Robert, son of William Burbidge, late
of Stanton-le-Stones, co. Derby, buried.
1612. Martin Hornesey, gent., prisoner, buried.
1614. Nicholas Neale, gent., traveller, buried.
1624. Mary, d. of Mr. William Tomlinson,
minister of Thorpe, near Ashburn, co. Derby,
buried.
1628. An, d. of William Couper of Burton
Jorse, buried.
1628. Richard Muston of Cropwell Butler,
buried.
1636. Gervase W T est, gent., " chiefe cooke to
the right honourable Lord Chamberlaine to the
Kings Maiesty," buried.
1640. Symon, son of Richard Bullock of Lon-
don, deceased, buried.
1655. John, son of Mr. Walter Whalley of
Cotgrave, buried.
1656. Ruth, wife to Squire Middleton, buried.
1659. Richard Ryder, gent., buried at Sauley.
1659. Mrs. Mary, widow of Tho. Cooke of
Whatton, buried.
1675. Mary, d. to Mr. John Hull, London,
baptized.
1680. John, son of Thomas and Dorothy
Towle of Bramcoate, baptized.
1681. Sarah, d. of Henery Tealar and Dorothy,
of Darley, co. Derby, baptized.
ii s. in. FEB. 4, MIL] NOTES AND QUEEIES.
85
1686. Richard, s. of Thomas Levis, of Beeston.
and Mary, baptized.
1666. Fortune, d. of John Lawson, of Lenton,
buried.
1666. Thomas Sanderson of Shelford, buried.
1668. Anne, wife of William Webb, citizen of
London, buried.
1669. Thomas Boylston, gent., and citizen
of London, buried.
1671. Jane, wife of Richard Squire of Kinalton,
buried.
1672. Luke Killingworth, of Killingworth in
Northumberland, Esq., buried " in ye Middle
Alley of ye Church."
1675. Susannah, d. of John Speed of Basford,
gent., buried.
1675. William Presley of Howbecke, P.
Cuckney. buried.
1675. John Baldocke of Widmerpoole buried.
1676. Mary, d. of Thomas Beamon of Blyth,
Notts, buried.
1676. Ann, d. of James Coxe, of Outhorpe,
buried.
1676. Mary, d. of Thomas Lorrinton of Stones-
ley, co. Leicester, buried.
1677. " Henry Smith, of ye County of Yorke,"
buried.
1678. Martha, d. of William Round of Alfreton
co. Derby, buried.
1678. Jonathan, s. of Jqnathan Martin of
Duffield, buried.
1678. Francis, son of the late Andrew Clarke,
gent., of Yorke, buried.
1679. Mary, d. of Isaac Wollet of Haslewood
P. Duffield, co. Derby, buried.
1679. Adam Adcock of London buried.
1679. Susannah, d. of Thomas Newham of
Arnold, buried.
1680. Cornelius Launder of Alfreton, co.
Derby, buried.
1680. Jane, d. of Thomas Athorpe of [blank],
co. Yorke, gent., buried.
1680. Thomas, s. of George Blagg of Gedling,
buried.
1681. George, son of Peter Jackson of Mans-
field, buried.
1682. John, s. of Andrew Buxton of Great
Cropwell, buried.
1682. John, s. of the late Mr. John Ward of
London, buried.
1682. Ann, wife of Will. Fletcher of Derby,
buried.
1683. Elizabeth, d. of Samuel Spencer of
Lenton, gent., buried.
1684. Martha, wife of William Wheateley of
Ruddington, buried.
1684. John Whittecar of Leeke, co. Stafford,
buried.
1686. Anne, d. of William Raggsdale of Edwal-
ton, buried.
1686. Katherine, wife of Robert Warner of
Papleweeke, co. Nottm., buried.
1686. Mary, d. of James Bingham of
ECigham, co. Derby, buried.
1686. Mr. John Viccars of Loughborrow
buried.
1688. Mary Greene of Shelf orde buried.
1689. William, s. of Ed Aster of Beeston,
buried.
1689. " A Dutch Souldjer." [Repeated in
the same year.]
A. STAPLETON.
" PASSENGER " IN THE ' N.E.D.' Meaning
No. 6 is given by Sir James Murray as follows:
" Slang. One of the crew of a racing-boat who
adds to the weight without contributing his share
to the work ; hence an ineffective member of a
football team, etc."
The only quotation is one from The Guardian,
25 May, 1892 : "In the ordinary amateur
band there are always several ' passengers.' '
The date at which the slang meaning had
come into use is indicated by " 1885 [Re-
membered at Oxford]." That it was familiar
at Cambridge four years earlier than this
can be proved by a definitely dated example
with the meaning of a useless man in a boat.
In the second volume of The Cambridge
Review, in the number for 1 June, 1881,
appeared " The Naval Contest at Ditton,
Thucydides, ix. 1." signed H. R. T(hu-
cydides), i.e. H. R. Tottenham, fellow
of St. John's. On p. 355 are the words
** nor is it likely that they will carry many
supernumeraries (7TpiWa>s, Anglice pas-
sengers] " Mr. Tottenham's brilliant parody
was reprinted in his ' Cluvienus his Thoughts,'
Cambridge, 1895.
Canon Ainger in his ' Crabbe ' (" English
Men of Letters") seems to have made a
singular mistake about the meaning la of
the ' N.E.D.,' " A passer by," in dealing
with a statement in the Rev. George Crabbe' s
life of the poet :
"Having left my mother at the inn, he walked
into the town alone, and suddenly staggered in the
street and fell. He was lifted up by the passengers."
-P. 161, 1834 ed.
Ainger's comment is " probably from the
stage-coach from which they had just
alighted" (p. 79, chap. v.). Surely the
people passing in the street are here meant.
EDWARD BENSLY.
SIB THOMAS BODLEY, M.P. The ' D.N.B.'
states that " his first attempt to enter into
public life seems to have been unsuccess-
fully made in 1584, when he was recom-
mended by Sir Francis Cobham for election
to parliament as M.P. for Hythe."
On referring to ' The Barons of the Cinque
Ports and the Parliamentary Representa-
tion of Hythe,' by the late George Wilks,
Esq., Town Clerk, I find a copy of Lord
Cobham' s recommendation, dated from Cob-
ham Hall 25 October, 1584, and signed W.
Cobham ; and at p. 63 the entry in the
Corporation Assembly Book is given thus :
" Memorandum That the 27th daye of October.
1584, Mr. Mayor, the Juratts, and Comon'ty,
being assembled in the Comon Hall there, touch-
ing the answering of a letter sent from Mr,
Lieutenant of Dover Castle, in the name of the
86
NOTES AND QUERIES. t n s. m. FEB. t, mi.
Lord Warden [of the Cinque Ports, Lord Cobham],
therein his honor maketh request to have the
nomynation and election of one of the Burgesses
to the Parliament w ch goe out of Hethe uppon the
next Sumons for the same, whereuppon the sayd
Mayor, Juratts, and Comon'ty have uppon good
consideration granted his honor's request, and
4ihat his honor shalbe answered accordingly.
"Memorandum That the first daye of November,
1584, Mr. Mayor, Juratts, and Comon'ty being
assembled in the Town Hall there, to choose and
appointe Burgesses to the Parliament to be
holden the xxiij* 1 day of this instant of Novem-
ber at Westm r accordinge to the Sumons in that
behalfe directed, as also accordinge to the effect
of a 1're sentt to the sayd Mayor, Juratts, and
Comons from our Lord Warden in the behalfe of
one Mr. Thomas Bodyly, whoe is ellected to be
one of the said Burgesses by the Lords of Her
Ma*?* Privie Councell, and also p'ferred unto us
by y* Lord Warden as a man very meet for the
ame, and lykewise allowed to be one by the sayd
Assembly. And for the Election of y* other
JBurgesse for the sayd towne, the sayd Assembly
have no'iated, elected, and chosen, Christopher
Honiwood, gent, Mayor there, together with the
sayd Mr. Bodyly, to be and appeare at Westm'
at the day above sayd."
From this it appears, not that Bodley was
unsuccessful, but that he was elected.
The next election was in September, 1586,
when two fresh candidates were elected.
R. J. FYNMORE.
Sand gate.
OBDINABIES OF NEWGATE. (See 10 S. vii.
408, 454; viii. 10, 278; 11 S. ii. 325.)
In The Pvblic Advertiser, Wednesday, 20
October, 1773, there is a report of the pro-
ceedings at the Court of Aldermen at Guild-
hall, when, the resignation of the Rev. John
Wood of the office of Ordinary of New-
gate being announced, a curious debate
took place. The Lord Mayor, James Towns-
end, recommended Mr. Silas Told for the
vacant post,
"because for above 20 years the said Told had
repeatedly of his own accord gone in the cart with
the condemned prisoners to Tyburn to sing and
pray with them and give them spiritual food.
This recommendation, however, did not meet
with the approval of the Court.
Silas Told, whose portrait appears in
Hogarth's ' March to Tyburn,' is a familiar
name to students of the history of crime,
and a full account of him is given in Major
Griffiths's * Chronicles of Newgate.'
HORACE BLEACKLEY.
[See also the references to Told sited by MR. A. L.
HUMPHREYS at 10 S. x. 390.]
" THE OLD MOGUL," DBUBY LANE.
The destruction of this old public-house,
with the Middlesex Music -Hall adjoining
it, removes another ^.London landmark
familiar to all who know Drury Lane.
Those who can remember the Drury Lane
of the seventies will note how completely
and entirely it has altered since that time.
In a very little while virtually the whole
lane will have been rebuilt, and what was
at one time a most disreputable thorough-
fare will become as respectable as Gharing
Cross Road.
" The Old Mogul " occupies the ground
formerly covered by " The Mogul's Head,"
which was a well-known tavern in the reign
of Charles II. ; and Nell Gwynne lived on
the opposite side of the lane. The music-
hall has twice been rebuilt within the last
sixty years, and is notable only as the place
where many artists who afterwards became
famous made their first appearance. George
Augustus Sala described a night there some
thirty years ago.
FBEDEBICK T. HIBGAME.
" VAIL " : ITS USE BY SCOTT. Reprints
of Scott's poems and novels persistently give
" veil " where " vail " was undoubtedly the
form intended and duly written by the
author. " Vail," to lower, which is distinct
from " veil," to cover, is well illustrated
in Shakespeare. Typical examples are those
in ' Venus and Adonis,' 1. 956, where the
amorous goddess is said to have " vail'd
her eyelids " ; in * The Merchant of Venice,'
I. i. 28, in which passage a noble vessel comes
to the mind's eye as " vailing her high-top
lower than her ribs " ; and in ' Hamlet,'
I. ii. 70, where the Queen of Denmark
deprecates the " vailed lids " of her per-
plexing son.
Scott seems to have liked the word, and
he uses it appositely in various circumstances.
One well-known example is in ' Marmion,'
iii. 234, in the expression "Princes vail
their eyes." Reprints after Lockhart's time
frequently have the reading " veil " in this
passage. In special editions, however,
critical experts have restored the original
version, and their example is beginning to be
followed by those who superintend a com-
plete issue of the poetical works. A reading
in ' The Lord of the Isles,' which has not
been so widely and closely considered as the
earlier poem, has not had the same good
fortune. This occurs in i. 239, where the
Lady Edith is asked to notice how Ronald's
galley stoops her mast to the gale,
As if she vail'd its banner'd pride,
To greet afar her prince's bride.
" Veil'd " is the reading presented here in
what is virtually an excellent edition of
Scott's poems in a single volume. In the
us. in. FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
same work, however, the ' Marmion ' passage
is correctly given.
Two instances from a reprint of " The
Author's Edition" of 'The Talisman' may
suffice meanwhile to show how the case stands
in the novels. Near the beginning of
chap. xxiv. we read of spiritual dignitaries
4< who in those days veiled not their bonnets
to created being." Scott must have written
the other word. In the song of ' The Bloody
Vest,' which Blondel sings in chap, xxvi.,
this couplet appears :
And say unto my lady, in this dear night-weed
dressed,
To the best armed champion I will not veil my
crest.
It is evident what the reading here ought
to be. THOMAS BAYNE.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
" TEWKE," " TUKE," A KIND OF CLOTH
References to this are frequent from c. 1490
to 1553. Rogers, * Agric. and Prices,' has
from Oxford, 1494, " 1 piece of Tewke for
Tergates," 112 yds. at Is. 3d. ; and from
Cambridge, 1496, 12 yds. "Tewke" at
Is. Id. A will of 1496 has " gownes lyned
with Tuke " ; and Palsgrave, 1530, has
" Tewke to make purses of [Fr.] trelis."
(Littre explains treillis as " grosse toile dont
on fait des sacs.") An inventory of church
goods at Stafford, 1552-3, has " one canopy
of tewke, ij f rentes of sylke, iij crosse
clothes, ij of sarsnet, and the other of tewke."
We should be glad to know if anything
has been discovered as to the nature of this
cloth, and especially as to the derivation
of the name tewke. (Connexion with High
German tuch is hardly to be thought of at
that date ; the Dutch and Flemish was
doec, doek.) J. A. H. MURRAY.
Oxford.
PRICKLY PEAR AND MONREALE CATHEDRAL.
Botanists seem to be satisfied that the
prickly-pear cactus, now common in southern
Mediterranean lands, is not indigenous,
and was introduced there from America in,
I think, the seventeenth century. In the
Cathedral at Monreale, near Palermo, is a
well-known series of mosaics, representing
Biblical incidents, executed, it is said, in the
time of the Normans, by Byzantine artists.
When I saw these (now 22 years ago), I
thought that I observed several instances
in which the artist had depicted common
objects which he saw around him. For
example, Esau in quest of venison pursues
quail, the wild game in the artist's day (as
I supposed), and still, I believe, hunted on
the slopes of the neighbouring Monte Pelle-
grino. Similarly Adam and Eve, after their
expulsion from the Garden of Eden, are
represented as clothed (rather uncomfortably)
with leaves which to my eye were those of
the prickly pear.
Possibly this mosaic is not now in its
original condition ; or I may have been
wrong in thinking that the prickly pear was
represented as the substitute for the fig
leaves. I cannot pay another visit to Mon-
reale to verify my impression, nor can I here
consult any description or history of the
mosaics. I shall therefore be greatly obliged
if any of your readers will give me informa-
tion on the subject. THOMAS LANGTON.
80, Beverley Street, Toronto.
HENRY, PRINCE OP WALES : MARK ON
HIS NECK. In literature contemporaneous
with him I have discovered what appears
to be an allusion to Henry, Prince of Wales
(son of James I.), who died in 1612. Among
other characteristics, the person alluded to
is described as having a mole, or some similar
mark, on his neck. Had Prince Henry
such a mark on his neck ?
If this can be shown to be the case, the
allusion will be established, and will prove
to be interesting, if not important. P.
Philadelphia.
HERBERT W. STEBBINS. The address is
earnestly desired of Herbert W. Stebbins,
who made inquiry in The Genealogist of
October, 1900, concerning my ancestor
Stephens Thomson, Attorney-General of
Virginia 1703-14, and his descendants.
(Miss) KATE MASON ROWLAND.
C/G Virginia Historical Society,
Richmond, Virginia.
WILLIAM ELMHAM. I am astonished to
see that William Elmham, governor of
Bayonne, admiral of the English fleet
" versus portes boreales " in 1379, a partisan
of Richard II., is not mentioned in the
' Dictionary of National Biography.' What
more is known of him ?
EDME DE LAURME,
Soignies.
' DEATH OF CAPT. COOK/ This piece was
performed at Covent Garden in March,
1789. Can any reader oblige me with infor-
mation regarding four of the cast, viz., Mr.
Blurton, Mr. Cranfield, Mr. Darley, and
88
NOTES AND QUERIES. tu s, m. FEB. 4, 1911.
Miss Francis ? I should also be glad of ' PABISH FORMATION. Where may I find
any bibliographical information regarding
the French piece from which this ballet
was adapted. R. H.
LEA WILSON'S COLLECTION OF BIBLES.
I shall be obliged if any reader can give
me information as to the disposal of the
collection of Bibles, &c., belonging to Lea
Wilson, of which a catalogue was printed in
1845. If the collection was sold by auction,
I should be glad to know the date of the sale.
I specially desire to discover the present
location of the copies of three editions of the
Metrical Psalms which appear in the cata-
logue, viz. : 39. The Psalms, &c. 16mo,
Schilders, Middelburg, 1599. 78. The
Psalms, 16mo, Raban, Aberdeen, 1629.
79. The Psalms, 16mo, Hart, Edinburgh,
1630. WILLIAM COWAN.
BENJAMIN GABLIKE. Is anything known
about the career of Benjamin Garlike,
British Minister at Copenhagen 1805-7 ?
Is any biographical sketch in existence ?
W. R. PBIOB.
SCOTTISH TITLES CONFEBBED BY OLIVEB
CBOMWELL. Mark Napier states in his
life of John Graham of Claverhouse, Vis-
count Dundee (1859), vol. i. p. 217, that the
Marquess of Argyll and Sir Archibald John-
stone, commonly called Lord Warriston,
had titles given by Oliver Cromwell. I have
never heard of Scotch titles being conferred
by the Protector. It is probable, however,
that the statement is correct. - Can any-
one tell me what the titles were, and if
others were given by him to Scotchmen ?
L. S. M.
SIB FBANCIS BATHUBST. Sir Francis
Bathurst went to Georgia about 1734 with
his wife Frances and some of his family.
About 1737 his wife died in Georgia, and
soon after Sir Francis was married by the
Rev. John Wesley to Mary Pember, the
widow of the Attorney-General of Antigua.
It is supposed that Sir Francis and his wife
sailed for England after this marriage,
possibly with Wesley. Can any reader
verify this, and give date and place of death
of Sir Francis and his wife Mary ?
AGNES.
LONG BABBOWS AND RECTANGULAB
EABTHWOBKS. I should be glad of refer-
ences to papers dealing with long barrows
associated with rectangular earthworks.
EDITOB ' BBADFOBD ANTIQTJABY.'
the fullest and most trustworthy account
of the formation of the ancient parishes of
England ? GBEGOBY GBUSELIEB.
FAIBFAX : SAYBE : MAUNSELL. Mar-
garet, daughter of Sir Thomas Fairfax of
Silling, co. York, and widow of William
Sayre of Worsall, between 1531 and 1535
married a Richard Maunsell (Durham Cur-
sitor Records, Deputy Keeper's Reports).
1. Who was this Richard ? I think he
was brother of William M. of York, or at
any rate one of the Yorkshire family, but
I want proof.
2. When did Margaret die ?
3. Is there any reference to issue by this
marriage, or any other information ?
D. MAUNSELL.
SUDANE, SOUDAN, OB SOLDANK FAMILY :
INSUDANEYE. I should be obliged to any
reader of ' N. & Q.' who could give me infor-
mation regarding a family named Sudane
or Soldank (the latter is Hasted' s spelling).
This family was a distinguished one ; a
certain Stephen Soudan took part in the
Barons' Wars (Henry III.). Hugo Soldank
held the manor of Hopland, Westbere,
Kent, in that reign, as well as that of East
Sutton or Sutton Court. Thorpe several
times mentions the name in his ' Chronicle *
('Decem Scriptores') in connexion with
charters of St. Augustine's monastery, the
abbots of which were lords paramount of
most manors in the vicinity. The name iu
question is variously spelt by Thorpe,
Soldani, Soldan, &c.
As early as circa A.D. 940 reference is made
to " terram quse continet xliiij manentes, in
loco qui dicitur Insudaneye," close to the
Isle of Thanet, and " cur tern xij manentes
habentem in loco qui dicitur Sturreye."
Can any one locate Insudaneye ? This
place seems to me to have been near Chislet.
Any information will be much valued.
J. F. PITMAN.
' GUIDE FOB THE PENITENT.' Who is the
author of the ' Guide for the Penitent ' fre-
quently, even in Jeremy Taylor's lifetime,
bound up with 'The Golden Grove,' and
hence often erroneously ascribed to the
Bishop ? The author is referred to in the
preface of many editions as "of the highest
order of the Church." The ' Guide ' has
been published separately at least once
by the S.P.C.K. in 1852, edited by C. T. B.,
probably Chas. Black. I can find no clue
at the B.M. to the authorship.
E. M. Fox.
ii s. JIL FEB. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
89
PYRRHUS'S TOE. In Sir Thomas Browne's
* Hydriotaphia ' is an allusion to " Pyrrhus
his toe," which could not be burnt. Where
can I find an explanation of this allusion ?
I have searched in vain through every
annotated edition that I have found, and
in many books of reference. E. M. Fox,
WARREN FAMILY. Could any reader
furnish particulars of the " Virtus mihi
scutum " Warrens of Middlesex, Surrey,
Herts, &c., between 1600 and 1698 ? I
possess details from 912 to 1600. Gilbert
Warren was living at the 1634 Heralds'
Visitation at the hamlet of Colney. Thomas
Warren (Middlesex 16-), who was from
Poynton, Cheshire, used exactly the same
arms. Please reply direct.
J. R. WARREN WARREN.
Little Maplestead, Halstead, Essex.
SIR CHARLES CHALMERS, BT. His name
appears, as such, in the Army List of 1755,
as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. He
died at Valdore in India on 1 November,
1760. Wanted information as to the
baronetcy. When was it conferred, and
when did it become extinct ?
J. H. LESLIE, Major R.A. (retired).
Dykes Hall, Sheffield.
HAMPSHIRE MAP. I have the north-west
portion of a map (unfortunately badly
mutilated) of Hampshire which is adorned
with engravings of the principal scenes,
my portion containing views of Silchester
walls with a plan, Carisbrook Castle, and
Portchester Castle. The map is well exe-
cuted, and the engravings are good ; it
would appear to date from about the period
of the late 18th or early 19th century. Can
any of your readers inform me where this
has been taken from and its exact date ?
T. A. OPPE.
51, Moorgate Street, E.C.
AMPHISB^NIC BOOK. The Bodleian
Library prints a ' Staff-Kalendar ' for the
use of those employed there. The first
issue was that of 1902 (4 May 31 Dec.), and
consisted of 80 printed pages and 16 blank,
for notes.
With the issue for 1905 began the habit of
printing a ' Supplement to the Staff-Kalen-
dar,' " meant to be revised and enlarged
yearly, until it becomes as far as possible a
complete directory to the practice of the
library." In order to make reference to
either part of the book instantaneous, the
Supplement begins at the other end of the
book from the Kalendar, with a separate
cover-title, title-page, and pagination. The
whole of this matter is, by necessary con-
sequence, inverted as compared with the
Kalendar.
Are there any other modern books so
printed ? Has MR RALPH THOMAS a
" bibliographical term " for such a book ?
The one that heads this query seems hardly
adequate, though it suggests the facts.
Q. V.
HUNGARIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. Where can
I get copies of the following ?
1. 'Resurrection of Hungary.' Printed in Ireland
in 1904.
2. * Hungarian Protestantism ' (T. Watts-Dunton).
Printed in 1906 or 1907.
3. A book on Hungarian gipsies by Walter Crane.
I have not been able to find these in the B.M.
Catalogue. W. H. SHRUBSOLE.
29, Halons Road, Elthara, Kent.
" REBECCA AND HER DAUGHTERS."
The Times of 5 January, in noticing a book
on the Rebecca Riots in Wales, says that
Miss Evans, the editor of it, does not
"allow the etymology of 'Rebecca' which traces
the term to Gen. xxiv., 60, where her family bless
Rebekah and say, * Let thy seed possess the gate
of those which hate them.' The rioters, she says,
determined to dress Thomas Rees, one of their
leaders, in women's garments, and came across a
tall stout old maid named Rebecca, whose dress
was made to fit him."
Is this upsetting of a long-cherished belief
justifiable ? May not the encounter with
the stalwart spinster have been merely a
confirmation of a name previously selected
as being of good omen to the cause ? I
fancy that Thomas Rees was to be of the
petticoated sex in order to represent the
Biblical Rebekah. ST. SWITHIN.
PAWPER OR PAUPER BIRD. William
Harrison in his ' Description of England,'
1577, Book III., chap. ii. ' Of Wild and
Tame Foules,' says :
" As for egrets, paivpers, and such like, they are
dailie brought unto us from beyond the sea, as if
all the foule of our countrie could not suffice to
satisfie our delicate appetites."
This bird, it is stated, is mentioned, in an
Act of Parliament relating to grain temp.
Queen Elizabeth. Of what description, and
whence, is this bird ? L. S.
SUBTERRANEAN CHAMBER MENTIONED IN
PLOT'S ' HISTORY OF STAFFORDSHIRE.'
Hargreave Jennings in his book on the
Rosicrucians gives an account of a sub-
terranean chamber mentioned by Dr. Plot in
90
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
his ' History of Staffordshire,' published
in the reign of Charles II. Plot also says that
the place became afterwards famed as the
sepulchre of one of the brotherhood. The
Spectator, No. 379, for Thursday, 15 May,
1712, has an account of it.
Can any one tell me the exact locality, and
is the place still in existence ? C. L. K.
THREAD-PAPERS.
(11 S. iii. 8.)
I HAVE a clear recollection of my mother's
thread-papers, as one of them found after
her death in 1887 was made from an early
plan of the Alexandra Palace estate, and,
as I have never seen another copy, is now a
much-valued item in my local collection.
Thread was bought in skeins, and then
cut into pieces of uniform length ; these
were passed through flattened tubes made
of stout paper to prevent their getting
entangled. These flattened tubes were called
" thread-papers." GEORGE POTTER.
10, Priestwood Mansions, Highgate, N.
A hank or skein of thread was stitched up
by the domestic sempstress in a narrow
piece of soft paper, about 9 or 12 inches long,
leaving the ends free, for convenience of use,
and to keep it from being ravelled or tangled.
By the time the thread was finished, the
paper, known as a " thread-paper," became
pinched up, wrinkled, and ragged by much
handling, so that " worn to a thread-paper "
was a phrase commonly applied to any
person or thing in like condition. I suppose
the wooden reel, which I was taught to call
a bobbin, has superseded the thread-paper.
W. C. B.
I believe that thread-papers were long
strips of paper folded twice longitudinally,
in which our grandmothers, or great grand-
mothers, kept skeins of thread, so cut that
they could draw out a doubled-up needleful
at will. I have seen Berlin wools so arranged,
and the different shades of one colour
arranged in sequence in one bundle of these
paper sheaths. When they were merely
thread-papers, they would not be very
bulky. I remember hearing some tall
attenuated women referred to as " thread-
papers without the thread." I suppose poor
Strephon wished to suggest that the lady of
his heart would use the paper on which his
verses were inscribed for work-bag purposes
ST. SWITHIN.
The following passage from Sheridan's
Rivals ' (1775) proves that the word was not
restricted to journalistic use, nor to the
early eighteenth century :
Thos Is she rich, hey ?
Fag. Rich ! Why, I believe she owns half the
stocks ! Zounds ! Thomas, she could pay the
national debt as easily as I could my washer-
woman ! She has a lapdog that eats out of gold,
she feeds her parrot with small pearls, and all
tier Ihread-papers are made of bank-notes !
Act I. sc. i.
So MR. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL'S quotation
trom " poor Strephon's " letter is another
instance of the usual diffidence evinced by
poets in prefaces, introductions, dedications,
and accompanying letters. J. F. BENSE.
Arnhem, the Netherlands.
In bygone times threads, wools, and
sewing silks were universally sold in skeins.
To prevent entanglement, the ladies would
take a half sheet of letter-paper note-paper
was not used in those days and fold it in
four. The skein would be opened, and its
two sides put under the outer sides of the
paper ; the two middle sides would then be
doubled together ; and generally the paper
was fastened by a bit of thread being tied
about an inch from each end of it. The
skein was cut at one end ; and when a
needleful was required, it was drawn
through the paper from the uncut end.
As old letters were frequently used for
the purpose, it is easy to see how one's letter
was put among the thread-papers.
S. S. M'DowALL.
[MR. TOM JONES and MB. W. NORMAN also
thanked for replies.]
BENJAMIN BATHURST (11 S. iii. 46).
The best account of the " disappearance " of
this diplomat with which I am acquainted
is in the first series of Mr. Baring-Gould's
' Historic Oddities and Strange Events '
(1889). The article originally appeared in
The Cornhill Magazine, vol. Iv. p. 279 et seq.
The skeleton described in The Observer
is not the first skeleton which has been
suggested to be the remains of Bathurst.
W. P. COURTNEY.
The Morning Post gave a special account
of the finding of the supposed skeleton of
Benjamin Bathurst at Perleberg, the first two
articles, written by their Berlin corre-
spondent, appearing in the issues of 13 and
14 December last, and on the 16th there was
a further article entitled ' The Mystery of
Perleberg.' The connexion of the paper
with the Bathurst family suggests that the
ii s. in. FEB. 4, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
articles were written with special knowledge
of the circumstances attending the dis-
appearance of Benjamin Bathurst.
ROLAND AUSTIN.
Public Library, Gloucester.
The Morning Post of 13 December, 1910,
had at p. 7 two columns on this subject.
This article was followed up in succeeding
issues, including one on the 16th. The issue
for the 24th contained a long and very
important letter from the great-niece of the
diplomatist, signed Katharine Bathurst, and
dated 20 December from 10, Bloomfield
Terrace. This letter occupies over two
columns. There is also another short letter
from a niece by marriage of the Hon.
Algernon Percy, the fianct of one of Benjamin
Bathurst's daughters, signed Emmeline
Drummond, and dated 23 December from
Bardon Hill, Leicester.
As the skeleton to which L. L. K. alludes
was smashed into fragments before the
authorities came on the scene, it is unlikely
that its discovery will throw any light on the
old mystery. JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.
[W. H. B. B. also thanked for reply.]
FIFIELD ALLEN, ARCHDEACON OF MIDDLE-
SEX (US. ii. 449, 517). In his will, dated
19 November, 1756, Dr. Allen mentions his
wife by name as Frances, she being then
alive ; therefore he must have been twice
married not once merely, as would be
inferred from my communication at the
second reference. WILLIAM MCMTJRRAY.
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (11 S. iii.
28). Thackeray contributed ' Jeames's
Diary ' to Punch from 16 August, 1845 ;
and the last instalment appeared on
31 January, 1846. In this it is stated that
Jeames de la Pluche had only one thing in
life to complain of that a witless version
of his adventures had been produced at
the Princess's Theatre, "without your
leaf, or by your leaf." I have hitherto
failed to trace the date and particulars of
this production. Can any one assist me ?
S. J. A. F.
THACKERAY'S LAST WORDS (11 S. iii. 47).
Dickens (see " National Edition " of his
works, vol. xxxiv. p. 453) wrote an ' In
Memoriam : W. M. Thackeray ' in The
Cornhill Magazine of February, 1864. In
this paper he speaks of going over " all that
he had written of his latest and last story,"
and the next paragraph begins :
"The last line he wrote, and the last propt he
corrected, are among the papers through which I
have so sorrowfully made my way. The condition of
the little pages of manuscript where Death stopped
his hand, shows that he had carried them about and
often taken them out of his pocket here and there,
for patient revision and interlineation. The last
words he corrected in print, were, * And my heart
throbbed with an exquisite bliss.' "
NEL MEZZO.
Thackeray was found dead on the morning
of 24 December, 1863, not that of Christmas
Day. A. N. Q.
MATTHEW PRIOR'S BIRTHPLACE (11 S.
iii. 47). In 'The Life of Matthew Prior,'
prefacing his ' Poetical Works,' printed for
and under the direction of G. Cawthorn,
British Library, Strand, 1797, it is stated
that the poet was the son of Mr. George Prior,
joiner and citizen of London, where he was
born 21 July, 1664.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
The following reference to a Matthew Prior
is given for what it is worth. John Fawconer
of Kingsclere, Hants, Esq., refers in his will
(P.C.C. 708 Wootton), dated 21 June, 1658,
to " Matthew Prior and his wife." Places
mentioned in the will are Thatcham, Berks,
Winchester, and Salisbury. F. S. SNELL.
The admirable and fully annotated edition
of Johnson's ' Lives of the Poets ' by Dr.
Birkbeck Hill (Clarendon Press, 1905) might
be consulted with advantage. See vol. ii.
p. 180. NEL MEZZO.
[MR. M. L. R. BBESLAR also thanked for reply.]
WILLIAM FITZGERALD, BISHOP OF CLON-
FERT (11 S. ii. 489; iii. 53). He was the
elder son of John FitzGerald, Dean of
Cork (1628), by Catherine, 6th dau. of
Richard Boyle, Archbishop of Tuam (1638-
1644) ; was born in Cork in 1641, educated
there under Mr. Bate, and matriculated at
Trin. Coll, Dublin, 22 June, 1660, aged 19.
His degrees are not recorded. He was
appointed Dean of Cloyne 13 June, 1671 ;
Archdeacon of Ross 24 Nov., 1675 ; and
Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh 1 July,
1691, being consecrated in Christ Church
Cathedral, Dublin, 26 July following. He
m. 1st, in July, 1684, Letitia, 2nd dau. of
Sir John Cole, 1st Bt., of Newlands, co.
Dublin ; and 2ndly Salisbury, 2nd dau.
of Sir Thomas Taylor, 1st Bt., of Kells, co.
Meath ; but left no issue. He d. 7 Aug.,
1722. His widow m. 2ndly General James
Crofts, and d. at Bath 5 Jan., 1724.
G. D. B.
92
NOTES AND QUERIES. in s. ra. FEB. 4, 1911.
ATJTHOBS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (US.
iii. 48). The authorship of
The kiss of the sun for pardon
was mentioned in The Spectator of 14
January. It was ascribed to D. F. Gurney.
R. B.
Upton.
CANONS, MIDDLESEX : " ESSEX " AS
CHRISTIAN NAME (US. ii. 328, 374, 394, 437,
534). Sir Thomas Lake (1567 ? 1630),
Secretary of State and elder brother of
Arthur Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells,
purchased the estate of Canons in 1604. His
third son, Lancelot (d. 1646), left a son
Lancelot, who was M.P. for Middlesex in the
Convention of 1660 and in the Parliament of
1661, was knighted at Whitehall on 6 June,
1660, and died in 1680. Sir Lancelot had
two sons, Thomas and Warwick.
The elder son, Thomas, who was knighted
on 4 December, 1670, married Rebecca,
daughter of Sir John Langham of Cotes-
brooke, and had a daughter Mary, first wife
of James Brydges, first Duke of Chandos,
to whom the estate of Canons ultimately
passed.
The younger son Warwick Lake, married
the heiress of Sir Thomas Gerard, Bt., of
Flambards, Harrow-on-the-Hill, and was
father of Launcelot Charles Lake, and grand-
father of Gerard Lake, first Viscount Lake
of Delhi and Leswarree, general.
Sir Gilbert Gerard, Attorney - General,
and ten members of his family ; Warwick
and Launcelot Charles Lake ; and both
the Dukes of Chandos, were, at various
periods, governors of Harrow School.
The singular topographical Christian name
of Essex may possibly be a surname used
as a Christian name. There are five
instances in the ' D.N.B.' of Essex as a
surname. But a brother of Essex, Lady
Drax, was named Warwick Lake. Whom
did Sir Lancelot marry ?
Thomas Hussey of Edmundsham, Dorset,
who died in 1684, aged 54,' married Phila-
delphia, daughter of Essex Pawlet, Esq.,
by Frances, daughter of Sir Nathaniel
Napier or Napper. Here Essex is a man's
Christian name. I shall be much obliged
if any of your readers can tell me what
relation this Essex Pawlet was to that
truculent Cavalier Sir John Poulett or
Pawlet, first Baron Poulett (15861649).
I believe they were akin.
A. R. BAYLEY.
Some years ago an officer in a regiment
of Kent Volunteers had Essex for a Christian
name possibly a survival of the old custom
of a son having the surname of the mother
for a Christian name.
There was a family named Essex seated at
Lambourne, Berks, which claimed pre-
Norman descent from a family in the county
of Essex (Ashmole, ' Berks,' ii. 237). There
is a pedigree of a London family so called in
Harl. Soc. Pub., i. 81. A. RHODES.
Lady Lettice Lake (mother of Sir Launce-
lot Lake) was a Rich of Essex, and in that
family Essex was used as a feminine Christian
name. The third daughter of Robert Rich,
3rd Earl of Warwick, was christened Essex,
I think in memory of her rather notorious
great-grandmother Penelope (sister of the
Earl of Essex), who married Robert, 3rd
Baron Rich, and afterwards 1st Earl of
Warwick ; but see ' Mary Rich, Countess of
Warwick, 1625-1678,' by Miss Charlotte
Fell-Smith. A. T. W.
Essex as a Christian name is not very
rare ; it occurs, for instance, in the family
of Selby Lowndes, and, I think, also in that
of Knightley. OLD SABUM.
"ENNOMIC" (11 S. iii. 9). A "deed
ennomic " is a legal instrument, the adjec-
tive being derived from li/vo/xo?, lawful,
legal. N. W. HILL.
[MB, W. SCOTT makes the same suggestion, and
refers to Liddell and Scott.]
CORPSE BLEEDING IN PRESENCE OF THE
MURDERER (US. ii. 328, 390, 498 ; iii. 35).
The Hertfordshire story referred to by MR.
GERISH (US. ii. 390) is to be found in ' The
Wonders of the Universe ; or, Curiosities of
Nature and Art,' 1824, otherwise called ' The
New Wonderful and Entertaining Magazine,'
p. 599. The account is said to have been
found in the papers of Sir John Maynard,
one of the Lords Commissioners of the Great
Seal of England. The murdered woman is
there called Johan Norkett, wife of Arthur
Norkett. According to this account, May-
nard wrote the evidence as he heard it given
at the bar of the King's Bench before Sir
Nicholas Hyde, Chief Justice.
The first verdict of the coroner's jury was
" felo de se," but when it " was not yet
drawn into form " they changed their minds,
and requested the coroner to have the body
taken out of the grave. Then they changed
their verdict. There was a trial at Hertford
Assizes, resulting in a verdict of acquittal.
The child of the murdered woman appealed
against his father, grandmother, and aunt,
and her husband Okerman. Evidence was
us. in. FEB. 4. mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
given by "an ancient and grave person,
minister of the parish where the murder was
committed."
He swore that when the body had been
taken out of the grave and laid upon the
grass thirty days after death, the four
defendants were required to touch the body.
" Okerman's wife fell upon her knees, and
prayed God to show tokens of her innocence, or
to some such purpose her very words I [i.e.
Maynard] have forgot. The appellees did touch the
body, whereupon the brow of the dead, which
before was a livid and carrion colour, (that was
the verbal expression iriterminis of the witness,)
began to have a dew or gentle sweat arise upon
it, which increased by degrees till the sweat ran
down in drops upon the face, the brow turned and
changed to a lively and fresh colour, and the dead
opened one of her eyes and shut it again, and this
rning the eye was done three several times ;
likewise thrust out the ring or marriage finger
three several times, and pulled it in again, and
the finger dropped blood on the grass."
Sir Nicholas Hyde appeared to doubt this
evidence. But the evidence given by the
ancient and grave minister was confirmed
by his brother, " minister of the parish
adjacent," " viz. the sweating of the brow,
changing of its colour, opening of the eye,
and the thrice motion of the finger, and
drawing it in again." Presumably the
bleeding was included, as the confirmation
was " in every point." " The first witness
added, that ' he himself dipped his finger
in the blood which came from the dead
body, to examine it,' and he swore he believed
it was blood."
There was some circumstantial evidence
against the grandmother of the child and the
two Okermans. All excepting Okerman
were found guilty. The grandmother and
the father (husband of the dead woman)
were executed. Mrs. Okerman was spared,
being with child. Maynard adds that he
inquired whether the other two confessed
anything at their execution, but they did not,
as he was told. The case happened in the
fourth year of Charles I., i.e., 27 March, 1628,
to 26 March, 1629.
In The. Gentleman's Magazine, 1796,
part ii. p. 636, among many questions is this :
" What grounds are there to imagine that
the wounds of a murdered person will bleed
on being touched by the murderer ? "
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
SPEAKER'S CHAIR OF THE OLD HOUSE OF
COMMONS (US. ii. 128, 177, 218, 331 ; iii.
50). The communication from the Librarian
of the Parliament of the Commonwealth,
Melbourne, adds increased interest to the
subject under consideration ; yet it does not
prove that the Melbourne chair is the old
chair used in the House of Commons
previous to the fire of 1834. Viscount
Canterbury presented the Melbourne chair
39 years after the destruction of the Houses
of Parliament, and 34 years after the Duke
of Sussex had visited Sunderland, when he
sat in the old chair " which was formerly
the Speaker's Chair of the old House of
Commons, preserved from the fire which
destroyed the two Houses of Parliament in
1834." The evidence I have given in my
previous communications to * N. & Q.' is
associated with the actual individual workers
of the period : the Duke of Sussex, uncle to
Queen Victoria ; the Earl of Durham, one of
the chief promoters of the Reform Bill of
1832 ; and Sir Cuthbert Sharp, historian
and antiquary, also a high official under the
Crown. Surely such public reports of this
visit to Sunderland as I have reproduced
would not have been allowed to go un-
challenged by such influential personages
had they not been correct, especially as
they were given only five years after the
destruction of the House of Commons, when
the investigations by .the Lords of the
Council as to the cause of the fire would be
fresh in the minds of the public.
It does not follow, however, that Viscount
Canterbury, son of the Speaker of the House
of Commons, did not present, in 1873, the
Speaker's Chair of the temporary House of
Commons, used from the time of the fire in
1834 until 4 November, 1852, when the
Commons assembled for the[first time in their
new House. There would at that time be
two Speaker's Chairs : the old one rescued
from the fire, and the one used in the
temporary building. It is reasonable to
suppose that Viscount Canterbury would
secure the more modern chair when he
decided to make a present to the Common-
wealth, for it has great historic interest.
I have written to MR. WADSWORTH, asking
him to favour me with a copy of his lordship's
letter when he made the presentation
for the inscription on the chair would be by
another hand. From this we shall be better
a,ble to judge of the history of the chair his
lordship sent to Melbourne, and it will be a
valuable addition to the history of our
English Parliament. A photograph of the
Melbourne chair will enable us to compare
the two chairs, and allow them to be
examined by experts in old workmanship
and designs.
One good result of this investigation has
been the discovery that two valuable relics
of our national Parliament have been
preserved. JOHN ROBINSON.
Delaval House, Sunderland.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
By a slip, MB. WADSWOKTH, in his interest-
ing and informing communication, says it
-was the second Viscount Canterbury who
"was once Governor of Victoria. It was
John Henry Thomas, the third, his elder
brother, Charles John, second Viscount,
having died unmarried in 1869, and he him-
self passing away eight years later.
POLITICIAN.
COUNT OP THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
<11 S. ii. 509; iii. 54). Surely the Pope
claims and exercises the power of creating
Counts of the Holy Roman Empire. I
know one created by Pio Nono.
R. W. P.
Miss PASTBANA (11 S. ii. 29). In * Relic-
ta,' the volume published shortly before his
death by Mr. Arthur Munby, the first poem
is entitled . ' Pastrana.' It opens with a
description of the striking proceedings of a
large baboon, which the observer notes in a
suburban garden of a Continental city.
Presently, in the dining saloon of his hotel,
his attention is arrested by the appearance
of a fashionably dressed lady of singular
aspect, who partakes copiously of the viands
provided, and does not otherwise materially
differ from the dining crowd. She sits out
all except the narrator, who finds himself
fascinated by her presence and held spell-
bound by her gaze. At length a man with a
net, energetically supported by the waiters,
secures the festive personage, who proves to
be none other than the strange monkey of
the suburban pleasure-ground. Respond-
ing to a request for information on his theme,
Mr. Munby wrote : " ' Pastrana ' is partly
based on fact. I saw her, and told Charles
Darwin about her." THOMAS BAYNE.
If one may infer plurality of persons from
diversity of accounts, there must have been
several Miss Pastranas during last century.
Writing before 1864, Chambers (' Book of
Days,' ii. 255) speaks of. an unfortunate
creature, Julia Pastrana by name, who
"a few years ago " was exhibited in London.
She was sometimes popularly known as
" the pig-faced lady," but Chambers
describes the lower part of her face as
more resembling a dog than a pig. A
Spanish-American by birth, she was ex-
hibited (nothing is said about dancing) in
this country for a time, and then on the
Continent, where she died. Her embalmed
remains were subsequently exposed to the
gaze of the curious at a_charge of so much
per head.
Somewhere I have read (probably in some
modern chap-book) that Julia Pastrana
possessed a body exquisitely formed, but
surmounted by a face of grotesque and
hideous ugliness. As this does not
apparently agree with L. L. K.'s recollection
of her, it is probable that many similar
printed accounts are highly exaggerated.
SCOTUS.
I have in my scrapbook a portrait of Julia
Pastrana. The sheet is 18 inches by
12 inches, the figure on it 9 inches. At
the top is
Julia Pastrana
As she now appears
embalmed.
On each side is
Burlington Gallery
191 Piccadilly.
At the bottom is
The above is a correct portraiture of this most
marvellous specimen of modern embalming.
Open daily from HA.M. to 9 P.M.
Admission one shilling.
The figure is very well done, and exactly
as I remember seeing it in, I think, 1860 or
1861. H. A. ST. J. M.
" BOLTON FFAIBE GBOATES " (11 S. ii.
467). There is not enough information put
forward to enable a satisfactory reply to be
given. The groats may be certain fees
paid at the fair time, or tolls, to some one
claiming them. The vicar of a riverside
parish claimed "chaplain's groats" from the
King's ships lying in the Thames (' States
Papers Dom., Chas. II.,' vol. 283, 27). Does
the date of the payment coincide with the
date of Bolton Fair ? A. RHODES.
CANOVA'S BUSTS OF MABS AND MINEBVA
(11 S. ii. 528). In Melchior Missirini's work
entitled ' Delia Vita di Antonio Canova
Libri Quattro,' 3rd ed., Milano, 1825, there
is no mention of any such busts having been
executed by this famous sculptor At the
end of the volume a ' Chronological Cata-
logue ' is given of his acknowledged works,
which begins in 1772, and is continued till
the year of his death, 1822. This list was
put together for the most part during his
lifetime because he did not wish to have
any works attributed to him which were not
his own : " e non fosse indotta in errore la
posterita su falsi supposti, resi autorevoli
dal suo silenzio " (p 470). One may there-
fore conclude that these " colossal marble
busts of Mars and Minerva .... hidden away
in a country house long before Canova same
to fame," are either not his work or that he
n s. in. ^EB. i, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
95
did not choose to acknowledge them. We
learn, however, from the ' Catalogue ' that
in 1790 he sculptured an * Amorino ' on
commission for an Irish gentleman namec
La Touche (p. 472). JOHN T. CUBBY.
Busts of Mars and Minerva by Canova are
I believe, entirely unknown. If MABS
wishes to compare other sculptured figures
with the busts he names, he might examine
the various groups of the Elgin Marbles a1
the British Museum. Perhaps even a visit
to the gallery of statuary at the Roya
Institution, Edinburgh, and an examination
of the various gods and goddesses represented
there, might be worth the trouble taken.
SCOTUS.
COBN AND DISHONESTY : AN HONEST
MILLER (11 S. ii. 508; iii. 12, 57). Millers
are evidently suspected in many lands.
When, a number of years ago, I made several
trips on the Danube, I was always amused
at the way in which the Slovak raftsmen
provoked the young Magyar millers on
the floating mills they passed. The chal-
lengers' were as a rule the millers, who would
greet the raftsmen with a derisive " Jano
Kuk" or "Upr6 Jano," in themselves quite
innocent calls, but evidently with a tale
hanging thereby ; whereupon John would
make a gesture imitating the millers pocket-
ing their customers' corn. This was always
considered a casus belli. L. L. K.
A phrase in MB. RATCLIFFE'S reply at the
last reference recalls to my memory that in
the late seventies a village school-feast
game (of the drop-the-handkerchief order)
used to be accompanied in East Notts with
the following rime :
There was a jolly miller, and he lived by himself,
And the mill went round, and he earned his pelf :
One hand on the hopper, and the other in the bag,
And the mill went round, and he earned his swag.
I cannot remember that there was any more
of it, but perhaps some one else oan.
H. K. ST. J. S.
[There is but the one verse, we believe. When
children use it, the last words are generally
changed to "he made his grab," the principal
feature of the game being that the child in the
centre has to try to " grab " the arm of one of
the children in the ring when they are changing
partners at the end of the verse.]
SMITHS OF PABNDON, HEBTFOBDSHIBE
(11 S. ii. 427). William Smith, a London
merchant, residing at Parndon House, near
Harlow, Essex, represented Sudbury in
1796. In 1802 he was returned for Norwich,
but was defeated in 1806. He regained the
seat, however, the following year, and was
still acting as its representative in 1814.
His town address was 5, Park Street, West-
minster. In 1818 his daughter Frances
married William Edward Shore (born 1794,
died 1874), who assumed the name of Nightin-
gale under the will of his grand-uncle
Peter Nightingale.
William Smith of Parndon had other
children. One of these, Benjamin, repre-
sented Norwich in Parliament 1838-47, and
died in 1860. Another, Samuel, younger
brother of Benjamin, resided at Embley,
Hants, formerly the abode of the Nightin-
gales. I am not aware of any pedigree of
the Smiths of Parndon. W. S. S.
REV. SEBASTIAN PITFIELD'S GHOST (11 S.
ii. 367, 510). Mr. Caswell's letter to Dr.
Bent-ley, H[art] Hfall, Oxford], 15 Dec.,
1695, with Mr. Wilkins's account of the
apparition, Oxon., 11 Dec., 1695, from the
Trin. Coll. Camb. Collection, will be found
in Bentley's ' Correspondence,' 1842, vol. i.
pp. 103-9. R. H. EDLESTON, F.S.A.
Gainford.
CHUBCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TUBBET
(11 S. iii. 10). In many respects the small
church at Newington, near Folkestone,
answers to the description given by W. B. H.
I am aware that lately this quaint old
turret was threatened with improvements.
HABOLD MALET, Col.
Churches with detached bell-towers and
I presume that by this is meant gabled or
turret bells occur at Spalding, Fleet,
Berkeley, Torrington, Pembridge, Bosbury,
Richard's Castle, Ledbury and Yarpole,
Beccles, Walton, Woburn, Mylor, Brynnlys,
Hennlan, Llangyfelach, Gunwalloe, East
Dereham, Marston - Morteyne, Lap worth,
Elstow, Magdalen and New Colleges (Oxford),
Dunblane, and Kilkenny. At Talland, says
Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, a covered way con-
nects it with the church (see Walcott's
' Sacred Archaeology,' 1868, p. 217).
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
' THE FLYING DUTCHMAN '(US. iii. 48).
The Flying Dutchman and other Poems,'
was published in 1881, E. M. [? Ellen Mary]
Clerke being the author. Part II. of the
m, ' The Curse,' appeared in ' Women's
Voices,' edited by Mrs. William Sharp, 1887,
>p. 350-56. The tale is the old legend of
V"anderdecken the Dutchman, compelled to
ail the seas till the day of doom. In Part
I. the metre does not correspond with the
verse quoted in the query, but probably
96
NOTES AND QUERIES. 111 s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
Miss Clerke did not adhere to the same
measure throughout the poem. The last
stanza given in ' Women's Voices ' is as
follows :
A wraith along the deep she goes,
Till nearing swift and pale,
Upon the fated wreck she throws
The shadow of her sail.
And through the storm with hollow chime
A spectral hail they hear,
" How goes the world ? Methinks 'twere time
That Doomsday should appear ! "
W. S. S.
SPIDER'S WEB AND FEVER (US. ii. 109,
194). The spider was efficacious as a cure
not only for whooping cough, but also for
ague. I have in my library a well-marked
book which Dr. Johnson said made him get
out of bed earlier than usual to read. It
has not had that effect upon me, but it has
caused me to sit up later than usual to read
a portion. Needless to say, I refer to
Burton's ' Anatomy of Melancholy.' The
author is dealing with amulets :
" A ring, made of the hoofe of an asses right
forefoot, carried about, &e., I say with Renodeus,
they are not altogether to be rejected. Piony
doth cure epilepsie; pretious stones most
diseases ; a wolfs dung, born with one, helps the
colick ; a spider an ague, &c. Being in the
country in the vacation time not many years
since, at Lindly in Leicestershire, my fathers
house, I first observed this amulet of a spider in a
nut-shell lapped in silke, &c., so applied for an
ague by my mother : whom although I knew to
have excellent skill in chirurgery, sore eyes,
aches, &c. and such experimental medicines, as all
the country where she dwelt can witness, to have
done many famous and good cures upon divers
poor folks, that were otherwise destitute of help
yet, among all other experiments, this, me-
thought, was most absurd and ridiculous : I could
see no warrant for it. Quid aranecK cum febre?
For what antipathy? till at length, rambling
amongst authors (as often I do), I found this very
medicine in Dioscorides, approved by Matthiolus,
repeated by Aldrovandus, cap. de Araned, lib. dc
inserhs. I began to have a better opinion of it,
and to give more credit to amulets, when I saw
it m some parties answer to experience."
Part. 2, sec. 5, mem. 1, sub. 5.
I am quoting from p. 459 of the seven-
teenth edition, which is not in the British
Museum Library, but seems only a large -
paper copy of the sixteenth. A. RHODES.
CORONER OF THE VERGE (11 S. iii. 30).
The verge or virge (virgata) was the compass
ot the King's Court, comprehending a circuit
oi 12 miles round the residence of the King's
Courts (13 Ric. II. c. 3). Ancientlv at
Common Law the Coroner of the Verge" had
an exempt jurisdiction within the verge, to
the exclusion of the county coroner (4 Rep.
But owing to the King's Court being
3, great delay and failure of justice
46 b.).
movable,
often arose, and many felonies committed
within the verge remained unpunished. The
statute Articuli super Cartas (28 Edw. I.
c. 3) was therefore passed. It provided
that the county coroner should be associated
with the Coroner of the Verge. By
33 Hen. VIII. c. 12 deaths within the
precincts of the King's palace were to be
inquired into by the Coroner of the King's
Household alone ; while those without the
precincts, but within the verge, were to be
held, as before, by the two coroners. By the
Coroners Act, 1887 (50 and 51 Viet. c. 71,
sch. 3), repealing 28 Edw. I. c. 3, the jurisdic-
tion of the verge is entirely abolished, and
becomes absorbed in that of the county
coroner, while the precincts of the palace
remain as before. Sec. 29 provides for the
appointment of the Coroner of the King's
Household by the Lord Steward, his jurisdic-
tion, and the procedure of his courts in nine
elaborate subsections.
WYNNE E. BAXTER.
For information concerning the Coroner
of the Verge Britton may be consulted
(vol. i. p. 4 of Mr. F. M. Nichols's edition) ;
as also the Introductions to vols. ix. and
xxiv. of ' the publications of the Selden
Society. The office still survives, and J. R.
Mellor, Esq., the Senior Master of the
Supreme Court, is the present incumbent.
W. C. BOLLAND.
Lincoln's Inn.
Bacon wrote a paper on this subject,
printed (if I remember rightly) in a posthum-
ous collection entitled ' Resuscitatio.'
W. C. B.
Helpful N. Bailey supplies :
" Verge (of the Court), the compass or extent of
the King's Court, formerly of twelve miles extent
within the jurisdiction of the Lord High Steward
of the King's Houshold, called so from the Verge
or staff which the Marshal bears."
In Saxon times the privilege of the King's
palace extended from its gate to the distance
of 3 miles, 3 fur longs 3 acres 9 feet, 9 palms,
and 9 barleycorns (Thoms's 'Book of the
Court,' p. 302 n., citing Blackstone's * Com-
mentaries,' Book III. c. 6, s. iv.).
ST. SWITHIN.
CLUB ETRANGER AT HANOVER SQUARE
(11 S. ii. 407, 477). MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS
is, no doubt, correct in connecting " La Salle
du Festino " with the Queen's Concert,
or (as they were more familiarly known) the
Hanover Square, Rooms, so famous for
us. m. FEB. 4, Ian.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
assemblies, concerts, readings, and lectures
(see 9 S. v. 354). My impression is that the
name " Cercle des Etrangers," to which
MR. ABRAHAMS refers, was at one time
linked with that of the St. George's Club
which occupied the premises until they were
razed for the erection of the inevitable pile
of flats. The historic " room " became the
dining-room of the Club, and its dis-
appearance was regretted by many because
of past memories. Some fine mural orna-
mentations vanished also, nobody appears to
know whither. CECIL CLARKE.
Junior Athenaeum Club.
"CARENT" (11 S. iii. 9). I would
venture to suggest that the word " carent "
falls into the category of legal macaronics.
It is simply equivalent to the word " rent."
The third person plural of the Latin verb
careo, " I want," it applies equally to the
position of landlord or of tenant. " Rent "
is what tenants frequently want, or are
destitute of. It is also what landlords some-
times anxiously inquire after, but are
destined not to receive. Hence " carent "-
moneys which they want, but which are not
forthcoming. SCOTUS.
SONGS OF THE PEASANTRY (11 S. iii. 47)
Is MR. GRAHAM acquainted with * Songs and
Ballads of the West ' ? There are one
hundred and ten of them, collected by the
Rev. S. Baring-Gould and the Rev. H. Fleet-
wood Sheppard from old people living on and
around Dartmoor, and set by them to music.
Probably the best known of the ballads is
* Widdecombe Fair.' So far as Devon-
shire is concerned, there is no other collection
equal to this. A. J. DAVY.
Torquay.
INSCRIPTIONS IN CHURCHES AND CHURCH-
YARDS (11 S. ii. 389, 453, 492, 537 ; iii. 57).
During the greater part of 1893 my spare
time was spent in Woolwich Churchyard
copying the inscriptions on the gravestones
before their removal so that the old grave-
yard might be turned into a public garden,
which was eventually done. I had the
countenance, and to some extent the help,
of the late Dr. Howard (Maltravers Herald)
and Mr. Leland Duncan. There were 1,255
numbered gravestones, some of which were
fully inscribed on both sides. The work
proceeded slowly, and at the end of the
year I had transcribed the inscriptions on
922 stones ; and as the work of removing
them began early in the following year,
my task came to an untimely end. Mr. F. A.
Crisp of Denmark Hill was the originator
i one presumably a stonemason,
'tainly a wag added the following
of the design of preserving the inscriptions,
and to him I handed my unfinished work.
I believe it was his intention to publish the
names among his " Fragmenta," but I do
not know if this was done.
It is fortunate that so many inscriptions
have been preserved, as during the work of
removal, although great care was taken,
many stones were, I know, destroyed. The
legible dates ranged from 1700 to 1855.
I have preserved a copy of the schedule
of names and dates prepared by the legal
authorities before the removal, as well as a
copy of their plan showing the relative
position of each of the 1,255 graves.
One of my discoveries was a forgotten
" comic " headstone which had been a source
of great annoyance to the then Rector
(Greenlaw). It held an inscription to
Emmanuel Shipper, who died in 1842, and
after his name and date was cut the following
distich :
As I am now so will you be,
Therefore prepare to follow me.
Some one i
and cert
lines :
To'follow you I 'm not intent
Till first I know which way you went.
WM. NORMAN.
Plums tead.
WILLIAM JOSEPH LOCKWOOD (11 S. iii. 29).
It was William Lockwood the father, not
William Joseph Lockwood the son, who,
according to Burke's ' Landed Gentry,' was
" shot blind at Westminster School in a
battle against the mob." See 1858 edition,
p. 1349. William Joseph Lockwood, who
was Verderer of Epping Forest and a captain
in the Coldstream Guards, died in 1854.
W. SCOTT.
THE THREE WISHES (11 S. ii. 506). This
story is also told in Brittany. It will be
found in Mrs. E. W. Rinder's ' The Shadow
of Arvor,' under the title of ' Devil-may-
Care.' The hero is a blacksmith who
had formerly been a soldier. St. Peter,
as in the version recorded by MR. NICHOL-
SON, accompanies the Lord. H. I. B.
KNOTS IN HANDKERCHIEFS : INDIAN
CUSTOM (US. ii. 506 ; iii. 35). At 4 S. xi.
53 I showed that the custom is alluded to in
' The Ancren Riwle,' p. 396, i.e., it is as old
as A.D. 1225 in England. This was reprinted
in my ' Student's Pastime,' p. 73.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
98
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. m. FEB. 4, IQIL
BLACKSTONE'S ' COMMENTARIES,' FIRST
EDITION (10 S. xii. 385). I think that MR.
W. R. B. PRIDEATJX will find some altera-
tion in the treatment of the ^ copyright
question, as to which Blackstone's opinion
was confirmed by the Courts. Q. V.
WHYTEHEER OR WHYTEBEER (US. ii. 228,
318, 378, 511). The ' N.E.D.' has not yet
reached W, but under " taw," ix. 117, col. 3,
it quotes " Whittawer " of the date 1474.
W. C. B.
on
The Oxford English Dictionary. Sauce-alone
Scouring (Vol. VIII.). Edited by Henry
Bradley. TTealf. (Vol. IX.) Edited by
Sir James A. H. Murray. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.)
THE ' NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY ' has made
such steady and continuous advance as to put a
heavy tax on the time of the conscientious re-
viewer who studies every page of it with care.
There should, however, be no fear of ' N. & Q.'
being indifferent to the progress of a splendid
work to which it is continually devoting the
research of its contributors. Last July ' Sauce-
alone Scouring ' (Vol VIII.) appeared, edited
by Mr. Henry Bradley ; and last October ' T
Tealt ' (Vol. IX.), under Sir James Murray's care.
These two parts show the admirable skill and
patient research which make the ' Dictionary '
a delight to all serious students of English. The
elaborate analysis of the various senses of a word
will not strike the ordinary reader, perhaps, so
much as other features of the scheme ; but all
experts in language must recognize the great
success attained in this, possibly the most difficult
part of lexicography. Johnson's definitions are
occasionally utilized as a beginning, but a minute
and careful separation of senses follows which
must have been the outcome of much time and
thought.
Foreign and dialectic words are freely included
in the scheme, which also extends to words now
current only outside England.
Nothing is more difficult than to guess at the
length of time during which any word has been
used, and the ' Dictionary ' by its wealth of dated
examples has in this respect sa long outstripped
all competitors that it is not necessary to quote
the statistics provided at the beginning of each
section.
The mere fact that a whole section is needed for
"sauce-alone" to "scouring" shows the ex-
tended scale on which the ' Dictionary ' is planned.
Dr. Bradley has no common words to deal with
which need treating at great length, " say "
occupying the most room. The literature of
learning is, however, well exhibited in " science,"
and " school " with its many cognates. The
colloquial " saucebox," of persons, goes back as
far as 1588. It is pointed out that " sauciness "
and " saucy " have grown milder in their mean-
ing of late years. That specially German condi-
ment, " Sauerkraut, "^hasVon its way into English,
and is followed by " saufey," " saught," and
" saulee " terms obscure to the ordinary reader
and now obsolete. "Saunter" is described as
of obscure origin, and the derivation suggesting
" to venture oneself," is regarded as " phono-
logically inadmissible." The number of spellings
given for " sausage " is remarkable, and still more
its actual varieties, which are said to exceed 150.
We are glad to find Dickens quoted more than
once for the word and its derivatives. The same
page gives us words so different as " savant " and
" savate." " Save " is a capital instance of
idioms well differentiated. "Saw" includes
several special combinations from the United
States. Under " sawyer " is a third section
marked " U.S." ; but the last quotation given
therein explains " snags " and " sawyers," which
occur in combination in Dickens.
" Say-so "=mere word or dictum, is an effect-
ive piece of English which is current now only in
America, and might be revived, as " ipse dixit "
has taken its place here. We believe that in the
law " scaffolding " implies the presence of a rope.
There are two important words with the same
spelling " scale." " Scamper " is of uncertain
origin, but " not improbably the word was origin-
ally military slang " of foreign origin, we hasten
to add. Pope's " presume not God to scan "
suggests to us the addition of a further verse
quotation, Burns's
Then gently scan your brother man ;
Still gentler, sister woman,
in the ' Address to the Unco Guid.' " Scapegoat'*
was " apparently, invented by Tindal (1530) "
for use in Leviticus xvi. ; but we learn that it has
been turned out of the Revised Version, which .
has " Azazel " instead. A " Scarborough warn-
ing " =very short notice, or none at all, occurs
as early as 1546. " Scavenger " is altered from
" scavager " with intrusive n, as in '* passenger "
and " messenger " ; the instrument of torture called
the "Scavenger's daughter " presents, however, a
perverted form of the inventor's name, Skeffing-
ton. Of " scenery " of the open-air kind there is,
as might be expected, no quotation before the
seventeenth century was well advanced. In
Johnson's days people preferred, we think, to
talk of a " prospect." " Sceptred " offers a good
display of that poetical quotation which the
' Dictionary ' seems sometimes unduly to despise,
for examples are provided from Shakspeare,
Milton, Gray, Landor, and Byron. The heading
" sch " has some Important hints as to pronuncia-
tion. "Schiedam" and "schnapps" are both
allied forms of drink. The slight specialization
of meaning which "scholar" and "scholar-
ship " have acquired is well treated* It would,
however, be easy to add to the quotations from
books, which we prefer to journalism or Acts of
Parliament. Special attention is directed to the
word " scientific," of which the true history is
now traced for the first time to a rendering of the
word tirivT-fifni in Aristotle.
We end our notice of this part with two words
of University usage. " Scio " was the formal
testimony once given at Oxford to the fitness of a
candidate for a degree. "Sconce" is a Uni-
versity fine which is illustrated from our own
columns in 1885. In its humorous form it has r
we believe, been inflicted on dons as well as under-
graduates, though the latter only are mentioned!
1 in sense b.
ii s. in. FEB. 4, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Beginning with T, we find some odd phrases in
which it figures, as the " T bean ' ' of the seventeenth
century, grown or cut in the form of that letter ;
the " T cart," an open phaeton ; and various
examples of the phenomenon which has given us
" Tandry " and the more familiar " tawdry."
That simple things are not always easy to define
is shown by " tab," which is "A short broad strap,
flat loop, or the like, attached by one end to an
object, or forming a short projecting part by which
a thing can be taken hold of, hung up, fastened,
or pulled." The word is, we learn, not in John-
son, and still largely dialectic. The third sense of
" tabard," the official dress of heralds, was fre-
quently in the papers during the announcement of
King George's accession to the throne ; but the
' Dictionary ' does not pretend to include the most
modern references, and we might have done
without the example from journalism (1903) of
" tabard-fashion." The list of newspapers that
really show some censorship over the wild and
inaccurate English of their contributors is so
small that we should pause before admitting
several usages here recorded, and in other cases
prefer, as we have said more than once, easily
accessible quotations from books, which at least
have a chance of being decently " read " before
being submitted to the public. "Tabby" and
" tabby-cat " are curious in their origin. The
sense of striped silk is named from a quarter of
Bagdad, but that of " old maid " is earlier than
the sense of " cat," and may be derived from
Tabitha. " Taberdar " for a senior scholar of
Queen's College, Oxford, is first noted in 1566.
Among the many senses of " tabernacle " is an
" alleged term for a company of bakers," as to
which Mr. John Hodgkin has noted in his learned
and amusing book on ' Proper Terms ' (p. 162) that
the " tabernacula " in question may be " little
shops made of boords."
" Table " is a long article, admirably arranged
The commonest use of the word lacks verse
quotations. The last one in prose (1853) suggests
to us a line from Browning's ' Mr. Sludge, " the
Medium," '
' May I sit, sir ? This dear old table, now !
or another,
You jogged the table, your foot caused the squeak.
There is a long list of special combinations of the
word, from " table-allowance " to " table-work."
There is no notice from a nineteenth-century book
of "Table d'h6te." Oddly enough, we ^are able
to supply one from verse. In Clough's ' Mari
Magno ' ' The Clergyman's Tale ' has (11.63-4),
f 'Twas easier now to face the crowded shore,
, And table d'hdte less tedious than before.
Under " tablet " the desire of ' Wee Macgregor '
(1900) for toffee has found a place. The last
r)tation for a memorial tablet is of 1870. We
uld have been glad for the sake of history to
see the zeal of the L.C.C. commemorated in a
quotation. There is curious information of a
commercial and legal character concerning the
use of " tabloid." " Taboo " now increasingly
spelt, we notice, by anthropologists " tabu,"
is an important article. " Tabula rasa " has
secured admission, and may, we hope, catch the
eye of the sub-editor who passed some few years
ago in the daily press the phrase " Solvuntur
tabula rasa " ! The various words under " tache
are confusing, but none of them is to-day much
used by the ordinary man. " Tack " is partly
mixed up with " Tache," and the many usages it
covers are noteworthy. The 'definition of
" Tackle " (vi.) in Rugby football, " To seize and"
stop an opponent when in possession of the ball,' r
will hardly do. Full backs would be only too
happy if every time they tackled, they were able
to stop. " To seize or try to stop " -would be an
improvement in the wording. " Taffy "for Welsh-
man appears to begin in 1700. " Tagraggery "
is noted as " chiefly Carlylese." " Tail " is a
long and excellent article, but it is surpassed in
length by " take," one of the most difficult words
to analyze and arrange which Sir James can have-
encountered. We should have been inclined to
associate 7, the transitive use " of an injurious or
destructive agency, natural or supernatural,,
magical, etc.," with 10, " to captivate, delight,
charm " ; and pure pleasure would have impelled
us to quote under the latter heading the
daffodils,
That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty.
We are glad to see Tennyson's " So took echo with)
delight " included, and altogether the article is a
wonderful piece of work.
" Talbot " (hound) is " understood to be derived,
from the ancient English family name Talbot. ...
but evidence is wanting."
For " tale," a mere story, a fiction, The London
Herald (1867) is the only quotation of the last
century. Admirers of Sir W. S. Gilbert will
recall the lines
Tell a tale of cock and bull,
Of convincing details full.
' Mr. Sludge ' could supply a verse quotation for
" talent," special aptitude :
when you buy
The actor's talent, do you dare propose
For his soul beside ?
" Tamal," " tamasha," and " tambouki " are-
among foreign words which would puzzle most
people. " Tampion," also " tompion," has, we
note, nothing to do with the " Tompion clock "
in ' Pickwick ' at the Bath Pump-room, sometimes
spelt without the capital letter. This clock,
was given by " the father of English watch-
making " to the city of Bath in 1709.
" Tandem " is, as a quotation from our owir
columns in 1850 explains, " a practical pun now
naturalized in our language." Words of such
origin must be very rare ; we recall only " dicky,"
which is possibly TO/^, and certainly slang. We
have always been a little doubtful about the
meaning of the " tang " in Kate's tongue which
made her unpopular (' Tempest,' II. ii. 52), and
Sir James justifies our doubts. The " Tantalus "
which holds spirits has not been traced back
further than 1898. " Tariff Reform " begins in
' The Century Dictionary ' (1891) as " in general
a movement away from Protection." The
introduction of Daudet's ' Tartarin ' into English
is duly noted; while Moliere's "Tartufe" has
made English nouns and adjectives. " Task,"
"taste," and " tax" are other articles of great
interest ; and " tea," with its derivatives, occupies
a good deal of space, being prefaced by an in-
teresting note as to pronunciation.
Sir James Murray and his staff have of late
lost some devoted helpers. It is all the more-
credit to them that they are able to make such
regular advance in their arduous work.
100
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 4, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. FEBRUARY.
MB. B. H. BLACKWELL of Oxford, sends his
January Clearance List of Classical, Mathematical,
and other School-Books. These lists are issued
twice a year ; the next will be published in
September.
Messrs. Bowes & Bowes include in their Cam-
bridge Catalogue 346, under Fiscal Policy, a
collection of cuttings, October, 1903 April,
1904, arranged in 13 scrapbooks, 31. 10s. Under
Bibliography are " Books about Books," 6 vols.,
11. 16s. ; James's ' Manuscripts in the Fitz-
william Museum,' and ' Illuminated Manuscripts
in the British Museum.' Under Chaucer is
Lintot's folio edition, 1721, II. Is. Under
Classical Literature is a collection of over 90
theses issued between 1830 and 1886 on Greek
And Latin authors, 6 vols., 4to, 31. 3s. There is
A list under Economics and Social Questions.
Under England and also under France are many
historical works. There are in addition works
on India, Ireland, and London. Under Alex-
ander Macmillan is ' A Night with the Yankees,'
-a lecture delivered in the Town Hall, Cambridge,
30 March, 1868, and privately printed, 10s. Qd. ;
and under Malcolm Kingsley Macmillan is
' Selected Letters,' also privately printed, 1893,
21. 2s. Lord Vernon's magnificent edition of
Dante, 3 vols., folio, Firenze, 1858-65, is 131. 13s.
This was printed for presentation only, and con-
tains appendixes with a bibliography.
Mr. L. C. Braun's Catalogue 67 opens with
Art and Illustrated Books. There is a fine clean
copy of Bewick's ' Fables,' 1820, 21. ; also ' The
Looking Glass for the Mind,' 1821, 10s. Qd. Under
Leech is ' Young Troublesome,' folio, original
boards, 11. 10s. ; under Napoleon, a collection of
prints, 15s. ; under South Africa, 11 coloured
views, Ackermann, 1818, 12/6 ; and under
Uzanne, ' L'Ombrelle, le Gant, le Manchon,'
morocco, 21. 5s. Among Bindings are Aldine
Classics, 1540-50, 11 vols., original red morocco,
full gilt backs, 4Z. Foreign Literature comprises a
hundred items. Works under Occult include
Barrett's ' The Magus ; or, Celestial Intelligencer,'
4to, original boards, 1801, 31. There is much of
interest under Topography. London includes,
Lysons's ' Environs,' 5 vols., 4to, 1810, 21. 10s. ;
and Godwin's ' Churches,' 2 vols., half-calf, 1839,
18s. There are many engraved views, including
Crosby Hall in 1814 and 1886, and Horwood's
4 Plan,' 1799, 11. 15s. There are also engraved
portraits of general interest. In the Addenda
are ' The Antiquarian Repertory',' 4 vols., 4to,
1775-84, 11. 5s. ; and Daniel's ' Rural Sports,'
2 vols., 1801-2, with the Supplement, 1813, 3 vols.,
4to, 11. 5s. Under India is Malleson's ' History of
the Mutiny,' with index by Pincott, 7 vols., 8vo,
cloth, 31. 10s.
Messrs. Myers's Catalogue 165 contains the
rare first edition of Ainsworth's ' Rookwood '
in the original cloth, 1836, 81. Under Alken are
* British Proverbs,' 1824, Ql. 15s. ; ' Symptoms of
being Amused,' 1822, 81. ; and ' Specimens of
Riding near London,' 1823, 11. 10s. Under
Balzac is the Saintsbury edition, large paper
(one of 50 copies), 40 vols., 12Z. 12s. A tall copy
of Hayward's ' Edward the Sixt,' 4to, calf, 1630",
is Ql. Qs. ; and a fine copy of Molire's ' (Euvres/
6 vols., contemporary calf, 1788, Ql. 12s. Qd.
Under Stuarts is the Edition de Luxe of Foster,
2 vols., folio, Ql. 10s. There is an extra-illustrated
copy of Bleackley's ' Duchess of Hamilton,' 2 vols.,
green morocco super-extra, 1907, 12Z. 5s. There
are works under Africa, Alpine, America, Charles
I., Dramatic, and Ireland. Under Dante Ros-
setti is his translation of the early Italian poets,
first edition, tree calf, 1861, 21. 2s. Under Scottish
Market Crosses is Small's work with introduction
by Hutcheson, 118 illustrations, folio, 1900,
>y tiv
I. Is.
Among Shakespeare items are Frank
Howard's ' Spirit of the Plays.' 483 plates, un-
spotted copy, 5 vols., 1833, 21. 5s. r and Hazlitt's
reprints of the rare jest-books, 3 vols., 1864,
three-quarter levant, 21. 2s. Under Shelley are
the letters to Leigh Hunt, edited by Wise, 2 vols.
(limited to 30 copies for private circulation),
1894, 11. 5s. (presentation copy to Edward Clodd
j from the Editor).
Messrs. Myers also send Catalogue 166, which
contains Engraved Views of London. These
include Ludgate Hill, large folio, 1795, 21. 2s. ;
the Strand in 1763, 11. 5s. ; several of St. Paul's ;
and Tottenham Court Road, ' March of the
Guards to Finchley,' folio, scarce, 4/. 4s. There
are views of Piccadilly, Hyde Park (the grand
review, 9 July, 1838), Bloornsbury, Chancery
Lane, Islington, Westminster Abbey, St. James's,
Vauxhall Gardens, and Knightsbridge Chapel,
1789 (exterior with adjacent old houses and
coaching scene, and interior, formerly belonging
to the Hospital of Lepers, folio, 4s.).
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
CANON HEWITT. On 28 December, at Grahams-
town, South Africa, after a long illness, the Rev.
James Alexander Hewitt, Canon of Grahamstown.
He was educated at St. Augjistine's College,
Canterbury, and received the honorary degree
of D.C.L. from the University of the South in
1888. He had been in South" Africa since 1870,
and was the author of ' English Church History
in South Africa,' 1887. He had sent us contribu-
tions from 9 S. vi. to 10 S. viii.
tn (K0msp0tttottts.
We must call special, attention to the following
notices:
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
EDITORIAL communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of ' Notes and Queries '" Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lishers "at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
R. B K( " Westminster Chimes "). Anticipated
ante, p. 35.
CORRIGENDUM. P. 66, col. 1, 1. 20 from foot, for
" ISwrebaples" read "Sweetaples."
us. in. FEB. ii, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
101
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 59.
NOTES : The English Bible, 1611, 101 Crabb Robinson
and De Quincey, 102 Pensioners in the Long Parliament,
103 Sheridan and Bishop Hall Chateaubriand and
Madame Lieven Michael Bruce, Logan, and 'The Ode
to the Cuckoo,' 104 Mew or Mewes Families Temple
Bar in 1851, 105 Brechin Lowe Family Conscience-
Stricken : Tardy Advertisements, 106.
QUERIES : St. William's Day at York Dom Francisco
Manuel de Mello Pitt's Letter on Superstition Aristotle
on Education Marine Insurance Sir Robert Peel and
his Speeches Court Life " Bezant "Mother's Maiden
Name as Children's Surname, 107 Leader of the House
of Commons Lady O'Looney's Epitaph " Strike of
Saunsons " S. G. Sloraan " -de- " : " -ty-" Aislabie
Family, 108 Cecil Howard J. Arbuthnot C. Barbour
Dr. J. Drake R. Heath Elizabeth Dixon, Quaker
" Ware " Potatoes" The Almighty Dollar," 109.
REPLIES : Milton Bibles, 109 Newenham Abbey Lady
Conyngham, 110 Hoi well Family Thackeray and
Pugilism Dickens : " Shallabalah " " Elze "^Already
"Puckled," 111 "Die in beauty "Barbara de Bierle
Geoffrey Pole 'Tit for Tat,' 112 Early Ships named
Victory" Love me, love my dog," 113 Wet Hay Irish
Book of Remembrance Belfast Registers Archbishop
Cleaver Rogerson Cotter 'A Voice from the Bush,' 114
Jeremy Smith Chertsey Cartularies Sir John Chandos
The Black Prince's Language-Sybil, Queen of Scotland
"Woodyer" " Terse" Claret, 116 Adders' Fat and
Deafness Early Beefsteak Club, 117 Grange Courty-
Owls called " Cherubims "Quaker Oats Ship lost in
the Fifties Pauper's Badge, 118.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'A Quaker Post-Bag ' Reviews
and Magazines.
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : W. L. Rutton T. Forster.
THE ENGLISH BIBLE, 1611.
IN the prologue to his English Bible, 1539,
Cranmer repeated the rule of St. Gregory
Nazianzen, " I forbid not to read, but I
forbid to reason " (Strype's ' Cranmer,'
1694, ii. 247). Doubtless he feared for the
result when the book should come into the
hands of such as disregarded the ancient
safeguards. A century later Chillingworth
in his ' Religion of Protestants,' 1637,
wrote the sentence which has become the
watchword of many : " The Bible, I say,
the Bible only, is the religion of Protestants "
(1846, p. 463). But these memorable words
have been unfairly used, for their author
again and again guards himself by acknow-
ledging the authoritative interpretation of
** the catholic church of all ages " (p. 16),
" the consent and testimony of the ancient
and primitive church " (p. 105) ; and
declares his meaning to be " Scripture inter-
preted by catholic written tradition" (p. 362).
By the middle of that century a host of sects
had arisen which had hardly anything in
common with Chillingworth but the word
Protestant. We have to keep these things
in mind in estimating the importance of the
widespread distribution of an authorized
version.
Whatever effect the book of 1611 had upon
the people at large, it is certain that scholars
and clergy were not unanimous in the
approval or adoption of it.
Among those who continued more or less
to use the old version were John Denison,
chaplain to James I., in his ' Heavenly
Banquet,' 1619, 1631 ; Dr. John Donne,
Dean of St. Paul's, in ' Six Sermons,' 1634,
iii. 1, v. 11, who prefers " our former trans-
lation" ; and Dr. William Brough, Dean of
Gloucester, in a * Preservative against Schism,'
at the end of his ' Manual of Devotions,'
1659, pp. 516, 517. Bishop Pearson often
chose to make independent renderings for
himself in his book on the ' Creed,' 1659 ; see
the ed. by James Nichols, 1844, pref.
Moreover the new book did not find its
way into all parish churches for more than
a century. Bishop Beveridge, writing in
1710, says that the Bishops' Bible "hath
been read in several churches instead of the
New, ever since, to our days " ; and in
defence of the retention of " old words now
grown obsolete " he adds :
" The vulgar still use those words, or at least
understand them as well as any that are in
common use. It is among the common people
that the language of every nation is best pre-
served." ' Works,' viii. 619, 631, " Ang.-Cath.
Lib.," 1846.
There is an excellent article by Dean
Plumptre, afterwards one of the Revisers, in
Smith's ' Dictionary of the Bible,' 1863, iii.
1675-83. G. G. Perry, 'History of the
Church of England,' 1861, i. 200, contrasts
the statements of Hallam and Trench on the
language of the A.V. The list in Lowndes's
* Bibliographer's Manual,' Bohn, 1857, i.
174-200, is worth consulting.
Some of the books mentioned below are
well known, but a few of them may not be
obvious. Others are noticed by Lowndes
and by Plumptre.
Leigh, Edward, M.A., Oxon. Annotations
imperfections in our Translation discovered.
Folio, 1650.
Kilburne, William. Dangerous Errors in
several late printed Bibles to the great scandal
and corruption of sound and true Religion. 4to,
pp. 15, Finsbury, 1659.
Cell, Robert, D.D. Essay towards the amend-
ment of the last English Translation of the Bible ;
or, a proof, by many instances, that the last trans-
lation of the Bible into English may be improved.
Folio, 1659.
102
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. FEB. n, 1911.
John Edwards, Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, in his ' Perfection of
Holy Scripture,' 1695, pp. 531, 543, 565,
suggests that Convocation should revise the
English Bible, and advises the disuse of
" obsolete " words such as " ere," " trow,"
" wist," " wot."
A. Blackwall, 'Sacred Classics' (1725),
2nd ed., 1727, gives instances where our
version is faulty, harsh, improper, indecent,
low, obscure, pp. 74, 87, 132, 204. In a
third part, issued later, he supplies improved
translations.
B(oss), H(ugh). Essay for a New Translation
of the Bible. Wherein is shewn from Reason and
the Authority of the Best Commentators, Inter-
preters, and Criticks, that there is a Necessity for
a New Translation. 2nd ed., 8vo, pp. 338, 1727.
Translated from Charles Le Ceiie.
Scott, William. The New Testament Illus-
trated.... a Correction of our Translation. 4 to,
1775.
Symonds, John, Professor of Modern History,
Cambridge. Observations on the Expediency of
Revising the Present English Version of the Four
Gospels and Acts. 4to, Camb., 1789.
Lindsey, Theophilus, Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, Unitarian. List of False
Readings and Mistranslations of the English
Bible. 1790.
Newcome, William, Archbishop of Armagh.
Historical View of English Biblical Translations.
8vo, Dublin, 1792. Attempt towards Revising
the English Translation of the Greek Scriptures.
2 vols., 8vo, Dublin, 1796.
Tomlinson, Robert. Attempt to rescue the
Holy Scriptures from the Ridicule they incur
with the inconsiderate, occasioned by incorrect
Translations. 8vo, 1803.
Barrett, Richard A. F., Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge. Synopsis of Criticisms upon those
Passages of the Old Testament in which Commenta-
tors have differed from the Authorized Version.
5 vols., 8vo, 1847.
A Plea for a New English Version of the Scrip-
tures. By a Licentiate of the Church of Scotland.
8vo, 1864.
W. C. B.
CRABB ROBINSON AND
DE QUINCEY. .
THERE are some interesting references to
Thomas De Quincey in the * Diary ' of
Henry Crabb Robinson. The first mention
of the Opium-Eater is dated 17 June, 1812,
when Robinson dined in the Middle Temple
Hall with De Quincey, who was, as he notes,
very civil and gave him a cordial invitation
to the Cottage in Cumberland.
Crabb Robinson says that De Quincey' 3
" person is small, his complexion fair, and his
air and manner are those of a sickly and enfeebled
man. From this circumstance his sensibility,
which I have no doubt is genuine, is in danger of
being mistaken for effeminateness. At least
coarser and more robustly healthful persons may
fall into this mistake."
On 5 September, 1816, Crabb Robinson
says :
" I took an opportunity of calling on De
Quincey, my Temple-hall acquaintance. He has
been very much an invalid, and his appearance
bespoke ill-health."
The visit was mainly to Wordsworth, but
after reaching home Robinson notes :
" Just as we were going to bed De Quincey called
on me. He was in much better spirits than when
I saw him in the morning, and expressed a wish
to walk with me about the neighbourhood."
This shows that De Quincey's nocturnal
habits had already started. On the 24th the
diarist says :
" Wordsworth conducted me over the fell,
and left me, near De Quincey's house, a little
after one. He was in bed. but rose on my arrival.
I was gratified by the sight of a large collection
of books, which I lounged over."
They had a walk across Grasmere to
Easdale Tarn, and returned to dinner, after
which De Quincey accompanied him to the
gate of Wordsworth's garden terrace. When
he returned -he says : " I found De Quincey
up, and chatted with him till past twelve/
Of 25 September he says :
" This was a day of unexpected enjoyment.
I lounged over books till past ten, when De
Quincey came down to breakfast. It was not
till past twelve we commenced our walk, which
had been marked out by Wordsworth. We first
passed Grasmere Church, and then, going along
the opposite side of the lake, crossed by a mountain
road into the vale of Great Langdale."
Under date 7 October, 1821, Crabb Robinson-
remarks :
" My journal mentions (what does not belong io
my recollections, but to my obliviscences) an
able pamphlet by Mr. De Quincey against
Brougham, written during the late election,
entitled ' Close Comments on a Straggling Speech/
a capital title at all events."
This pamphlet is anonymous. I traced a
copy to the Bibliotheca Jacksoniana at
Tullie House, Carlisle. An account of this
effort of the Opium-Eater as an electioneer
appeared in The Manchester Guardian
(28 September, 1907).
In the following month the Opium-Eater
was in London. On 7 November Crabb
Robinson writes :
" Called on De Quincey to speak about the
Classical Journal. I have recommended him to
Valpy, who will be glad of his assistance. D&
Quincey speaks highly of the liberality of Taylor
and Hessey, who gave him forty guineas for his
' Opium-Eater.' "
ii s. m. FEB. 11, wit.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
It would seem that nothing came of H. C. R.'s
kindly intervention. De Quincey's name
does not occur in Valpy's Classical Journal,
and none of the articles raise a suspicion
that he had any share in them.
On 6 July, 1824, Oabb Robinson took
tea with Lamb. Hessey gave an account of
De Quincey's description of his bodily suf-
ferings. " He should have employed as his
publishers," said Lamb, " Pain and Fuss "
(Payne & Foss) not a very brilliant joke.
The last reference to De Quincey is dated
29 August, 1836, and expresses the diarist's
opinion that it was Cottle's right and duty
to make known the generous gift of the
Opium-Eater to Coleridge.
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
> [See ' Puns on Payne,' 11 S. ii. 409, 453 ; iii. 36.]
PENSIONERS IN THE LONG
PARLIAMENT.
No doubt the following list of pensioners
who represented the nation in the Long
Parliament, taken from The Universal Maga-
zine, January, 1750, will be of interest to
readers of 'N. & Q.' :
Lenthal, the Speaker, 7,730?. per annum, besides
a gratuity of 6,000?.
Bulstrode Whitlock, Commissioner of the Great
Seal, 1,500?. per annum and a gift of 2,0002.
Edmund Prideaux, 1,2001. per annum.
Roger Hill, 1,200?. per annum.
Francis Rous, 1,200?. per annum.
Humphry Salway, 200?. per annum.
John Lisle, 800?. per annum.
Oliver St. John made over 40,000?. from his places
of Attorney and Solicitor for the King, by
ordinance of Parliament, and by passing all
pardons upon commissions.
Sir William Allison, 1,600?. per annum.
Thomas Hoyle, 1,200?. per annum.
Thomas Pury, sen., 400?. per annum and a gift
of 3,000?.
Thomas Pury, jun., 200?. per annum.
William Ellis, 200?. per annum.
Miles Corbet, 1,700?. per annum.
John Goodwin, 700?. per annum.
Sir Thomas Widdrington, 1,500?. per annum.
Edward Bish, 600?. per annum.
Walter Strickland, 5,000?. per annum.
Sir Gilbert Gerrard, 1,200?. per annum. As Pay-
master to the Army at 3e7. per , 12,000?. per
annum, besides a gift of 60,000?.
Gilbert Gerrard, his son, 500?. per annum.
John Seldon, a gift of 2,500?.
Sir Benjamin Rudiard, a gift of 5,000?.
Sir John Hipsly, a gift of 2,000?., besides places.
Sir Thomas Walsingham, rewarded with the
greatest part of Lord Dorset's estate, on
which he cut 4,000 timber trees.
Benjamin Valentine, Sir Henry Heyman, and
Dennis Hollis, each a gift of 5,000?.
Nathaniel Bacon, a gift of 3,000?.
John Stevens, a gift of 1,000?.
Henry Smith, 2,000?. per annum.
Robert Reynolds, 400?. per annum, a gift of
2,000?., and got 20,000?. by the purchase of
bishops lands.
Sir John Clotworthy, Treasurer of Ireland, per-
mitted to cheat the State of 40,000?.
John Ash, a gift of 14,000?., besides places.
John Lenthal, the Speaker's son, 2,000?. per
annum.
John Bond, Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
Lucas Hodges, Customer of [sic] Bristol.
Francis Allen, Customer for [sic] London.
Giles Green, rewarded with Sir Thomas Daw's
estate.
Francis Pierpoint, rewarded with the Archbishop,
of York's lands in Nottinghamshire.
William Pierpoint, a gift of 47,000?.
John Blackstone, 200?. per annum and a gift of
Sea wire, a gift of 2,000?.
Isaac Pennington, a gift of 7,000?. and many:
bishops' lands.
John Palmer, Master of All Souls, Oxon.
Thomas Gerry, Recorder of Bridgwater.
Samuel Vassel, a gift of 1,000?.
Oliver Cromwell, 4,000?.
Sir William Brereton, 2,000?. per annum.
Thomas Gell, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Recorder-
of Derby.
Valentine Walton, Colonel, and Governor of"
Lynn Regis.
Richard Norton, Colonel, and Governor of South-
ampton.
Edward Harvey, Colonel, and rewarded with the
Bishop's manor of Fulham.
Sir Michael Livesay, Colonel, and Sequestrator of
Kent.
Henry Ireton, Colonel, and Commissary General.
Thomas Rainsborough, Colonel, Governor of
Woodstock, and Vice- Admiral of England.
Robert Black, Colonel, and Governor of Taunton.
Richard Brown, Major-General, and Governor of
Abington.
John Ven, Colonel, and Governor of Windsor..
had a gift of 4,000?.
Algernon Sydney, Governor of Dover Castle.
Richard Ingoldsby, Colonel, and Governor of
Oxford.
John Hutchinson, Colonel, and Governor of
Nottingham.
Cornelius Holland, 1,600?. per annum.
Philip Skippon, 1,000?. per annum, besides a gift
of lands, and the office of Major-General of
the Army, and of London.
Thomas Westrow, rewarded with the Bishop of
Worcester's manor of Hartlerow.
Anthony Stapley, Colonel, and Governor of
Chichester.
Alexander Rigby, Colonel, and Governor of
Bolton.
Sir Arthur Haslerig, Colonel, and Governor of
Newcastle, rewarded with a gift of 6,500?.
and the Bishop of Durham's manor of
Aukland.
Sir Thomas Middleton, Major-General for Denbigh
and five more counties.
Lord Grey of Grooby, rewarded with the royal
manor of Holdenby.
Sir William Constable, Governor of Gloucester,.
sold his estate to Sir Marmaduke Langdale
for 25,000?., and then obtained an order of
Parliament to resume it, without returning
a penny.
104
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. n, 1911,
Sir William Pursey, Colonel, and Governor of j Mr. Teixeira de Mattos has not attempted
Coventry, had a gift of 1,5001. the task in his notes to the translation
Sir Edward Hungerford, 1,5001. per annum.
Walter Long, Colonel, had a gift of 5,OOOJ.
was also
Michael Oldsworth, 3,OOOZ. per annum
Governor of Pembroke and Montgomery,
and Keeper of Windsor Park.
Thomas Scot, rewarded with certain of the
Archbishop's lands, and Lambeth Palace.
Benjamin Alhurst, Clerk of the Peace for Lan-
cashire, had a gift of 1,0001.
Thus pensions amounted to 58,3307. per
-annum, while gifts of money reached the
sum of 308,500Z., besides places, gifts of
land, &c. Each member also was allowed
out of the public money 41. per week, which,
-at 52 weeks, for 516 members, comes to
107,328?. J. C. RINGHAM.
R. B. SHERIDAN AND BISHOP HALL.
"There is a resemblance between a familiar
passage in ' The Rivals,' Act I. sc. ii., " Yes
I always know when Lady Slattern has been
before me. She has a most observing
thumb ; and, I believe, cherishes her nails
for the convenience of making margina
notes," and the opening words in Book VT. o:
Joseph Hall's ' Virgidemiae ' :
Ldbco reserues a long nayle for the nonce
To wound my margent tnrough ten leaues at once.
."Sheridan was doubtless capable of hitting
on this thought by himself, besides being no
great reader ; but it may be rememberec
that a reprint a very careless one, it must
be owned of Hull's satires was edited, by the
Rev. William Thompson of Queen's College,
Oxford, in 1753. EDWABD BENSLY.
CHATEAUBRIAND AND MADAME LIEVEN.
The author of ' Le Genie du Christianisme '
has a long, spiteful passage about the con-
versational powers of the lively Russian
ambassadress at the Court of George IV. in
his ' Memoirs ' (vol. iv. p. 74 of Mr. A.
Teixeira de Mattos' s English translation,
London, 1902), which I do not purpose to
reproduce here.
Chateaubriand's second stay in England
lasted only a few months (April to Septem-
ber, 1822), and he is not very verbose about
his doings on that occasion. Consequently
any side-lights must be welcome to his
future biographer. According to a recent
writer,
"la, biographic de Chateaubriand je veux dire
-sa biographic reelle, et non point celle a demi-
poetique qu'il a magnifiquement orchestree dans
les ' M^moires d'Outre-Tombe ' est encore a
4crire." Anatole le Braz, ' Au Pays d'Exil de
Chateaubriand ' (Paris, 1909).
Among the visitors to London in 1822 was
the Hungarian Count Stephen Szechenyi,
a young hussar officer who has jotted down
a few rough notes in the course of his wander-
ings. As regards our French ambassador
extraordinary we find the following short
entry on 18 June :
" At York and Boroughbridge [probably visits
to some races or racing stables]. Chateaubriand
is left here altogether unnoticed."
The Hungarian Count soon, returned to
London, and on 9 August there is the follow-
ing entry in his diary, written in his own
tongue :
At Madame Lieven's with Chateaubriand,
who has behaved in such an awkward and tactless
way on English soil that he has placed himself
in an altogether false position, and cannot in
any way find his place. A good story about
[him and] Countess L. He : ' What a horrid
country this England is ! The women are devoid
of all charms, without any vivacity.' Countess
L. : ' Monsieur 1'ambassadeur, you condemn
them without knowing them, because there are
intellectual women,' &c. He : ' Ah, madame,
I dislike intellectual women.' Countess L. :
'^Well, in that case I must also leave you, Monsieur
1'ambassadeur,' &c. During the meal the topics
were Walter Scott, Lord Byron, &c. Madame L.,
without having either the insight or knowledge
of Chateaubriand, led the conversation with such
assurance and superiority as can only be acquired
by constantly moving about in the great world.
.... There was also some talk about the outing the
other day to see the experiments with Congreve
rockets [at Woolwich on 5 August], about the
clothes worn by Wellington, and about his aide-
de-camp, who on that occasion walked about
with a lady hand in hand, &c. Madame L. was
charmed with this. Chateaubriand : ' Ah well !
One can do these things if one has a Spanish
campaign or a battle of Waterloo at one's back.
When one knows how well these simple-minded
'ellows can fight. . . .But let the Pope's marechal
Dehave like that, and everybody will burst out
aughing.' "
I have faithfully reproduced the style
&c., of the original. One can understand
now why Chateaubriand penned the follow-
ng remark in his memoirs :
All reputations are quickly made on the banks
of the Thames, and as quickly lost."
L. L. K.
MICHAEL BBUCE, LOGAN, AND ' THE ODE
TO THE CUCKOO.' At 9 S. viii. 70, 148, 312,
388, 527 ; ix. 95, 209, 309, 414, 469, 512,
-here was a lengthy discussion on the well-
oiown poem to the cuckoo attributed to
Logan. As a supplement to this it may be
f interest to record the fortunes of the
Doem in Wales.
ii s. in. FEB. 11, i9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
105
It was translated into Welsh by " Caled-
fryn " (William Williams, 1801-69), and has
since been retranslated into English (appa-
rently in ignorance of the original) by the
Rev. E. O. Jones in his ' Welsh Lyrics of the
Nineteenth Century ' (2nd ed., Newport,
Mon., 1907). I have not found the Welsh
version among Caledfryn's works, but from
the English translation it would appear to
have been very close. It is interesting to
compare the final English version with the
original poem :
Dear playmate of the verdant spring,
We greet thee and rejoice ;
Nature with leaves thy pathway decks,
The woodlands need thy voice.
No sooner come the daisies fair
To fleck the meadows green
Than thy untrammelled notes are heard
Rising the brakes between.
Hast thou some star in yonder heights
To guide thee on thy way,
And warn thee of the changing years
And seasons, day by day ?
Fair visitant, the time of flowers
We welcome now with thee,
When all the birds' unnumbered choir
Warbles from every tree.
The schoolboy on his truant quest
For flowers, wandering by,
Leaps as he hears thy welcome note,
And echoes back thy cry.
To visit other lands afar
Thou soon wilt flying be ;
Thou hast another spring than ours
To cheerly welcome thee.
For thee the hedgerows aye are green,
Thy skies are always clear ;
There is no sorrow in thy song,
Nor winter in thy year !
H. I. B.
MEW OB MEWES FAMILIES. (See 6 S. xii.
369.) Dr. Peter Mew(s), Bishop of Bath
and Wells 1673, and of Winchester 1684-
1706, born at Caundle Purse 25 March, 1618-
1619, was the son of Ellis Mew(s) by his
marriage with a daughter of John Winniffe
of Sherborne, and sister of Dr. Thomas
Winniffe, sometime Bishop of Lincoln. His
ancestry has not hitherto been traced. The
following notes show three earlier genera-
tions of Mews occurring in or in connexion
with Dorsetshire.
I. John Mewis married Alice, daughter of
John Buckler by his marriage with Agnes,
daughter of John Barber of Maston, Somerset.
Peter Mewes married Jane, another
daughter of John and Agnes Buckler
(" Buckler of Causeway in Radipole,"
Visitation of Dorsetshire, 1565).
II. Peter Mewe of Caundle Purse died
before 6 March, 1597/8, having had issue at
least four sons.
James Mewe of Ditcheat, Somerset, made
his nephew James Mewe of Caundle an over-
seer of his will, dated 17 February, 1618/19,.
proved P.C.C. (10 Soame) 11 February,
1619/20. He left a daughter Mary, married
at Ditcheat, 25 July, 1608, to Henry
Hannam.
William Mewe was an overseer of the will
of John Whetcombe of Sherborne, dated
2 May, proved P.C.C. (76 Lewyn) 22 Sep-
tember, 1598 ; and of that of Edmund Lane
of Lillington, dated 13 August, proved
P.C.C. (84 Harte) 26 November, 1604.
III. One of the elder sons of Peter Mewe
of Caundle Purse was probably father of
Ellis Mew(s) and grandfather of the bishop.
William Mewe, his fourth son, is men-
tioned in the will dated 20 May, proved
P.C.C. (62 Cobham) 20 June, 1597 of
James Hannam of Hollwell, Somerset,
a bencher of the Middle Temple, as "my
servant." On 6 March, 1597/8, he was
admitted to the Middle Temple ; and on
10 May, 1598, he was admitted, by assign-
ment of Sir Francis Hastings and Mary his-
wife, widow and executrix of James Hannam,
to two chambers in Hannam's Buildings.
He surrendered one of these chambers
12 February, 1608. It was resolved, 8 June,
1627, to admit another tenant to the other
chamber, then described as "the ground
chamber of the late Mr. Mewe, when he kept
the office of the Clerk of the Warrants."
It seems possible that the word " late " is
here used carelessly of a late tenant, and not
of one recently deceased, for on 11 June,
1627, and 12 May, 1629, this chamber is
described as had by " surrender " of Mr.
William Mewe ('Middle Temple Records/
vol. i. pp. 382, 383 ; vol. ii. pp. 488, 723,
748). If so, he may possibly be identified
with William Mewe, a London lawyer who
settled at Eastington, and was the ancestor
of the Gloucestershire Mews, one of whom
was appointed to two prebends by Bishop
Mew(s). TEMPLAR.
TEMPLE BAB IN 1851. The obstruction to
traffic caused by this narrow gateway in the
middle of London was hardly felt to be
serious until the summer of 1851, when all
the world came to the Great Exhibition in
Hyde Park, for the hitherto comparatively
quiet streets of the metropolis then became
for the first time inconveniently crowded.
I well remember in that year sitting for
twenty minutes on the top of an omnibuft
106
NOTES AND QUERIES. [u s. m. FEB. n, 1911.
tinder the archway during a block in Fleet
Street. It is difficult to realize that London
-at that time was not much more than a large
country town with few hotels North-
umberland House with its huge empty court-
yard standing on ground now so differently
occupied.
At the time when the removal of the Bar
was under discussion, some excellent plans
for keeping it in the City were unwisely
rejected. HENBY TAYLOR.
Birklands, Birkdale, Lancashire.
" STICK-IN-THE-MUD." This seems to be
an old colloquialism, but it is not mentioned,
I think, in the ' English Dialect Dictionary.'
I remember, about twenty years ago, hearing
the expression applied to a person who never
made any progress in business or life gene-
rally he was addressed as " old stick-in-
the-mud " ; and it may be noted that one
who is deficient in histrionic talent is known
as a " stick." An " old fogey " is an " old
stick-in-the-mud," a slowcoach. Hughes
in * Tom Brown at Oxford ' says : " This
rusty old coloured one is that respectable
old stick in the mud, Nicias." But there
is an earlier instance of the use of the phrase
in The General Evening Post of 15-17 Novem-
ber, 1732 :
" George Sutton was Yesterday before Justice
De Veil, on suspicion of robbing Col. Des Romain's
House at Paddington. The Colonel was in the
Boom with the Justice, and no sooner had Sutton
entered the Boom, but the Colonel said, that is
the Man that first came and seized me with his
drawn Sword in his Hand. The Justice com-
mitted him to Newgate. At the same time James
Baker was before Justice De Veil for the same
Fact. The Colonel could not swear to him, but
the Justice committed him to the same Place with
Sutton. George Fluster, alias Stick in the Mud,
has made himself an Evidence, and impeached
the above two Persons."
Again, in The General Evening Post of
13-15 Dec., 1733,
41 John Anderson, James Baker, alias Stick
in the Mud, and Francis Ogleby were convicted
lor breaking open the House of Thomas Bayner,
.a Silversmith, and stealing Plate to' a considerable
value.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
BBECHIN. In ' A Catalogue of Rare and
Valuable Books,' recently issued by a pro-
minent London house, the following entry
appears in the section given to Wales :
"Brechin. Black (D. D.). History of Brechin.
Crown 8vo, cloth. Brechin, 1839. 3/6."
The compiler of the catalogue evidently
thought that his volume is concerned with
Brecknock or Brecon, and not with the
ecclesiastical town of Brechin in For-
farshire, which enjoys the distinction of
giving his title to a bishop. Between the
two names thus incidentally associated there
is a possible connexion, which Anderson in
' The Scottish Nation ' discusses as follows :
" Its similarity [that of Brechin, to wit] to the
British name Breckeinoc or Brycheinog, Anglicised
into Brecknock or Brecon (anciently Aberhodni),
the chief town of Brecknockshire, which Giraldus
Cambrensis (1188) and even earlier authorities derive
from Bracken, a regulus or prince of that country,
who died about the year 450, renders it probable
that it is likewise called after some individual of
British or Cambrian origin of that name. Nor is it
impossible that, being a town of great ecclesiastical
antiquity, its round tower being one of the only
two extant in Scotland, and not of later date than
the sixth or seventh century, it may have originated
in a church dedicated to the family of this
Bracken."
" Brechin," it may be added, is not pro-
nounced " Breechin," as the unwary are
prone to think, but belongs to the same
guttural family as Ecclefechan and Auch-
termuchty, with which the Southern visitor
invariably has trouble.
THOMAS BAYNE.
LOWE FAMILY, 1670-80. The following
entries occur in a copy of the Authorized
Version, 1611, in the British Museum :
"Sarah Lowe was Borne the 13 th of May and
Baptized the 15 th of June, 1676.
"Andrewe Lowe was Borne the 31 st of March
and Baptized the 9 th of May, 1681."
HENKY R. PLOMEB.
CONSCIENCE-STBICKEN : TABDY ADVEB-
TISEMENTS. The following advertisements
in comparatively recent newspapers may
be worth noting. The first appeared in
The Standard of 9 February, 1888, and the
reply to it in that of 17 February :
" AMELIA AND CLARA SPENCER, at school in
1837, 5, Prospect-place, Peckham-rye, and whose
home was in that part. Advertiser DEEPLY
REGRETS doing some ACTS for which they were
accused and may have been expelled."
" AMELIA AND CLARA SPENCER are much
gratified to see the advertisement headed as above.
They freely forgive the advertiser for the wrong
done over 50 years ago. 173, Church Boad,
Canonbury, N."
A somewhat similar circumstance is
recorded in the following paragraph from
The Standard of 18 October, 1909 :
" A BELATED CONSCIENCE. An ex-under-
graduate of Cambridge sends a curious advertise-
ment to a Cambridge paper. He states that one
day in 1852 an undergraduate came into collision
on college premises with a tobacconist's boy,
s. in. FEB. 11, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
107
and broke some pipes which he was carrying
' The undergraduate, now advanced in years
feels his conscience oppressed by the fact that
he never in any way made good the damage done
either to the boy or his employer.' If ' the boy
ii still alive, he would be glad to hear from him."
W. B. H.
WE must request correspondents desiring in
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
ST. WILLIAM'S DAY AT YOBK. Can any
one kindly refer me to an historical account
of the observance of St. William's Day at
York, either at the Minster or in the city ?
GEORGE AUSTEN.
The Residence, York.
DOM FBANCISCO MANUEL DE MELLO, the
Portuguese writer, was in London on diplo-
matic missions in 1641 and in the spring of
1663. I should be glad to know of any
references in the newspapers, memoirs, or
other writings of the time to his presence
among us. He was in Rome for the greater
part of 1664, endeavouring to obtain Papal
confirmation for the King of Portugal's
episcopal nominees, and there printed his
* Cartas Familiares ' and * Obras Morales.'
Are there any references to him and his
negotiations in Italian printed sources of the
period ? He sometimes styled himself
Chevalier de St. Clement.
EDGAR PRESTAGE.
Chiltern, Bowdon, Cheshire.
WILLIAM PITT'S LETTER ON SUPERSTITION.
This letter, quoted by Dr. von Ruville in
his ' Life of Chatham,' vol. iii. p. 359 (Engl.
ed.), is stated to have first appeared in The
London Journal for 1733.
Unfortunately, the only copy of The
London Journal which I have seen, in the
British Museum, has a few pages missing for
1733: the letter is not printed in the
remaining pages.
The letter first, as far as I know, appears in
print in a leaflet which bears no date, but
is ticketed in one of the British Museum
ecrapbooks as of 1760. In 1819 and 1820 the
letter was reprinted as a hawker's broad-
sheet. It was finally republished about
1875 by A. Holyoake as a secularist tract.
Can any reader inform me
1. What authority there is for attributing
this letter to W. Pitt ?
2. Whether any extant copy of The
London Journal for 1733 shows this letter ?
3. If so, whether the letter there appears
signed by Pitt ? BASIL WILLIAMS.
ISavile Club, Piccadilly.
ARISTOTLE ON EDUCATION. Aristotle says
somewhere that the work of the educator is
like that of the sculptor, who finds and dis-
engages the statue that is hidden in a block
of marble. Addison refers to it in The
Spectator, No. 215, 1711. Will some one
kindly give me the reference ?
A. SMYTHE PALMER.
MARINE INSURANCE. I am anxious to
know something about the earliest policies
for assurance of ships or cargoes. The few
facts I was able to find tended towards
showing Valencia and the neighbouring
parts of South-Eastern Spain to be the most
hopeful quarter for further search.
I read, however, in Prof. Heinrich Sieve-
king's * Studio sulle finanze genovesi nel
medioevo ' (Atti della societd ligure di
storia patria, xxxv. [1905] Introd.,p. 15) :
" La tenuta dei libri di commercio ed il cambio,
Passicurazione e la banca furono coltivati, prima che
da altri, dai Genovesi."
Is this primacy admitted in the particular
case of marine insurance ? Where shall I
find the best " documented " treatment of
the subject ? ROBT. J. WHITWELL.
Oxford.
SIR ROBERT PEEL AND HIS SPEECHES.
Can any correspondent give the authority
for the story that Sir Robert Peel, when
Prime Minister, used always to lock his study-
door before a great speech ? One day an
urgent letter, it is said, came from the Queen,
and Lady Peel entered the study through
the window in order to deliver it without
delay, and found the Prime Minister on his
knees, praying. W. J.
COURT LIFE. Where can one find an
account of the various duties of officers of the
Court, Ladies-in-waiting, &c. ? X. Y.
" BEZANT." The Salisbury Journal, 20
April, 1761, in form of advertisement says :
1 There will be a ball at the George Inn, Shaftes-
bury, on tuesday 28 th irist., being the day after a
Bezant."
What was a Bezant T E. G.
MOTHEB'S MAIDEN NAME AS CHILDREN'S
SURNAME. Was it formerly a fairly com-
mon practice in Fifesliire for children to take
as surname their mother's maiden name
108
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. m. FEB. n, 1911.
or the name of a near relative ? If this was
the case, I shall be glad of any indication
where I can get information regarding the
practice. INQUIRER.
LEADER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. It is
formally announced that among the portraits
recently acquired by the Trustees of the
National Portrait Gallery, and now placed
on exhibition, is that of
"Thomas Robinson, first Baron Grantham, 1695-
1770. Diplomatist, Ambassador at Vienna, 1730-48.
Leader of the House of Commons, 1754-5. Pastel
by an unknown artist."
The story of Robinson's brief and in-
glorious leadership of the House of Commons
is well known to all students of the political
history of that time ; but when was this
position earliest recognized in formal fashion
and the title " Leader of the House of
Commons " first employed ?
POLITICIAN.
LADY O'LOONEY'S EPITAPH. In a little
book entitled ' English Epigrams and
Epitaphs,' selected by Aubrey Stewart, and
published by Messrs. Chapman & Hall,
1897, the following epitaph is given (p. 218)
with the heading ' In Pewsey Church ' :
Here lies the body of
Lady O'Looney,
Great-niece of Burke, commonly
Called the Sublime.
She was
Bland, passionate, and deeply religious ;
Also she painted in water colours,
And sent several pictures to the Exhibition.
She was first cousin to Lady Jones,
And of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.
Is this epitaph still in Pewsey Church ?
Is it dated, and is anything known of its
history ? SENESCENS.
[Mr. E. E. Suffling, who prints this epitaph at
p 287 of his 'Epitaphia,' 1909, adds: "In the
chapel of St. George's Bury i tig-ground, London,
facing Hyde Park, was, until its removal a few
years ago, a slab with a tremendously long and
nauseously adulatory epitaph upon it to Mrs. Jane
Maloney (' Lady Looney'), who died in 1839. How
the lady could also be buried at Pewsey I cannot
say."]
" STRIKE OF SAUNSONS." In a Court Roll
of the Manor of Duffield, Derby, dated
29 November, 152;), occurs the following
sentence :
"And also paying to the said John Harewood
and his heirs annually one measure of apples called
a strike of Saunsons growing upon the land afore-
said."
The words italicized are in English in the
Court Roll, the remainder in Latin. A
strike was a measure equal to about two
pecks; but what is a "Saunson" ? Was
there an apple so named ? It is not given
in Gerarde's ' Herbal ' (1595) or Parkinson's
' Paradisus Terrestris ' (1633), nor in any
work in the Royal Horticultural Society's
library. Was it a local namo ?
I shall be much obliged if any correspon-
dent can help me. C. W. FIREBRACE.
70, Cadogan Square, S.W.
SAMUEL GEOKGE SLOMAN of Exeter died in
1846. Can any one kindly tell me where he
was buried, and the name of his. father ?
C. K. R.
" -DE- " : " -TY-." What is the origin
of " de " in such words as " hobbledehoy/*
" clapperdeclaw," " fleberdegibet " ? Is it
merely the definite article ? What is the
meaning of " hobberdidance " ? It looks
like "Hob o' the dance" beside "Hob
goblin."
In North of England place-names we find
Pikedebield and Catchedecam (also spelt
Catcheety) ; but " -ty-" is more common,
e.g. Joppletyhow, Gracetymoor, Lamitysike,
Fishertyhow, and Cockledebeck or Cocklety-
beck. Probably we cannot explain these
either by the article or by the word " tye-"
so common in the South. OLD SABTJM.
AISLABIE FAMILY. William Aislabie,
Deputy Governor of Bombay (brother of
John Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
who was turned out of the House of Commons
on account of his connexion with the South
Sea Company), had a son William, who
is said to have been M.P. for Ripon from
1727 to 1734. I should be glad of further
information about him. Was he the William
Aislabie who was a captain in the 4th troop
of Horse Guards in 1722 ? He married
Elizabeth, daughter of John and Arabella
Scattergood of Fort St. George, about 1729.
Where did the marriage take place ? William
Aislabie is said to have been of Ditton,
Surrey. There was a son of this marriage,
John Aislabie, who also appears to have been
a captain in the Army. I should be glad tc
know more of him.
BERNARD P. SCATTERGOOD.
Far Headingley, Leeds.
CECIL HOWARD. Is there any biography
of this amiable gentleman and dramatic
critic, who died in September, 1895 ? In
Lewis Melville's 'William Makepeace
Thackeray,' it is stated that Thackeray
wrote (20 January, 1862) to Cecil Howard
in regard to ' Lovel the Widower ' to know
if that was the book that Howard was think-
ii s. m. FEB. 11, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
109
ing of dramatizing for Miss Sedgwick
Did Cecil Howard ever write a play of any
kind, or dramatize one for Miss Sedgwick
(Amy) or any one else ? S. J. A. F.
JOHN ABBUTHNOT (1667-1735), PHYSICIAN
AND WIT. Whom and when did he marry ?
The ' Diet of Nat. Biog.,' ii. 62, does not
mention his marriage, though there is a
reference to his children. G. F. R. B.
CHABLES BARB OUR was admitted on the
foundation at Westminster School in 1674.
There is no information about him in
* Alum. Westmon.' Can correspondents of
* N. & Q.' supply any ? G. F. R. B.
JAMES DRAKE, M.D. (1667-1707). When
and whom did this political writer marry,
and what family had he ? The * Diet. Nat.
Biog.,' xv. 446, gives no information on these
points. G. F. R. B.
RICHARD HEATH, son of Richard Heath of
Guildford, Surrey, was educated at West-
minster School and Trin. Coll., Camb.,
where he graduated M.A., 1714. I should be
glad to obtain further particulars of his
parentage and career. G. F. R. B.
ELIZABETH Dixoif , QUAKER. Can any one
tell me anything about Mrs. Elizabeth
Dixon, a Quaker, and a friend and con-
temporary of Elizabeth Fry ? Information
as to her family or place of residence in
Norfolk would be gratefully received by
(Mrs.) M. ELLIOTT.
Hethcl Hall, Norwich.
" WARE " POTATOES. One of the street
cries of a hawker of my acquaintance seems
to me to be " Four-wheeled cabbage I "
He affirms it to be " All ware new potatoes ! "
and explains " all ware " as a trade term
for " the best." Can any one explain it ?
J. M.
["Ware" is used in Co vent Garden Market to
indicate potatoes of the most even size for cooking,
both the small (called "chats") and large being sold
at lower prices.]
" THE ALMIGHTY DOLLAR." This phrase
is commonly attributed, and it would seem
rightly so, to Washington Irving. It
appears in his ' Creole Village,' 1837, and he
vindicates it in a foot-note from the charge
of irreverence. But it must have come
into frequent, if not common, use earlier
than that year ; for it occurs in quotation
marks in the Philadelphia Public Ledger,
2 December, 1836, where an editorial
article Bays : " 'The Almighty Dollar ' is the
only object of worship." (The writer is
criticizing Governor Isaac Hill of New
Hampshire. )
It may be that the * Creole Village ' saw the
light in some periodical before this date,
in which case the difficulty is solved. Can
any correspondent clear the matter up ?
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
JUplus.
MILTON BIBLES.
(11 S. iii. 1, 70.)
IT may perhaps be useful to focus the
references to Bibles associated with the name
of Milton. These appear to be as follows,
in order of date :
1. Breeches Bible (Genevan Bible, 1560),
4to. A copy of this edition is said to have
been sold in 1901 to Mr. Herbert Dodd
(Dodd, Mead & Co., of New York), and to
have subsequently been disposed of by them
to Mr. Buckler, then of the American Lega-
tion in Madrid, and by him sold by auction
in 1907 to Mr. Alfred J. Barton for 1,225
dollars. The purchaser declared Milton's
signature to be a forgery, Dr. Aldis Wright
being of opinion that it was that of Major
John Milton of the City of London Trained
Bands. See Daily News, 12 November,
1907, and 10 S. ix. 27. If the article in The
Times of 13 December, 1907, be correct
(which it probably is), the description of the
book as a " Breeches " Bible is incorrect,
and the book in question is that next
described.
2. Genevan Version, London (Chr. Bar-
ker), 1588, 4to. This formerly belonged
to Mr. Alexander Howell. At his sale at
Sotheby's, February, 1901, it was purchased
by Mr. B. F. Stevens for 225?., probably
for America ; but it was not included among
the Miltoniana at the Grolier Club Tercen-
tenary Exhibition. It is a quarto in black-
letter. The poet's signature (" John Mil-
ton ffeb 24 : 1654 ") is written on a piece o{
rough paper 3J inches by 1^ inches, pasted,
inside the front cover. Underneath this are
written " William Minshull, Nantwich "
said to be a relation of Milton's third wife),
and " Thos. Minshull, Middlewich." On
he first fly-leaf are " Mary Matthews,
Vliddlewich," and " Eliz. Mingham " ; on
the second fly-leaf, " J. Mathews." At the
;op of the title of the New Testament is the
ugnature "Elizabeth Milton 1664"
110
NOTES AND QUERIES. tns.iii.FKB.in9u.
years after Elizabeth Minshull married the
poet as his third wife). On the last leaf
(imprint) are the names " L. Matthews,"
"W m Minshull," and " Eliz. Mingam
1730." On the fly-leaves at the end are
"Elizabeth Minshull" and the following
note :
"Deo ye 27 1714 I gave this Book to my mother,
the widow Mathews, but if she dyes before me,
I desire that it should be Retorn to me againe.
W m Matthews.'*
There are two other signatures of the
Mathews family and a pedigree of several of
them (see ' Book-Prices Current, 1901,' pp.
298-9). Milton married Elizabeth Minshull
26 February, 1662/3, and after Milton's death
in 1674 his widow retired to Nantwich, where
her family lived. She died there in 1727.
The signature Elizabeth Minshull on the
fly-leaf at the end suggests that the book
belonged to her before her marriage with
Milton, and that his signature in 1654
(two years after his blindness became com-
plete) must have been cut out of some
document and inserted. The volume in any
case has an interesting connexion with
Milton.
3. British Museum Bible, London, Printed
by R. Barker, 1612, small 4to. The first
4tp edition of the Authorized Version,
printed in Roman letter. The entries in
this Bible were published in facsimile with
other autographs and documents, by order
of the Trustees of the British Museum, on
the occasion of the Milton Tercentenary,
with a note :
"Milton used this version, and not the Geneva
Bible, which was the favourite version of the
Puritans in general, and contested the supremacy
with King James's version for a long time after the
first appearance of the latter in 1611."
The purchase by the Trustees of the British
Museum of this Bible is noted at 6 S. x. 45 ;
and the particulars as to Milton's pedigree are
recorded at 7 S. vi. 253.
4. Authorized Version, London (? Robert
Barker), 1613, small 4to. A copy of this
edition with alleged autograph of John
Milton was formerly in the possession of
George Offor (2 S. xii. 233). This is probably
the book next described.
5. Authorized Version, London (Robert
Barker), 1614, small 4to. A copy with the
autograph of " John Milton " on the back of
the title-page of the New Testament was
formerly in the possession of George Offor
Above the name of Milton is the autograph
of Robert Colecraft. Bound with this Bible
is a Concordance, 1615, and on the reverse
of the title is " Robert Colecraft," and in a
very small hand, " John Milton " (2 S. iv.
334-5). Samuel Leigh Sotheby was of
opinion that the second signature had all
the appearance of having been written by a
man at an advanced period of life and when
blind, and that the writer was no other
than the poet (' Ramblings,' 1861, pp. 128-9).
This book formed lot 697 of the Catalogue
of the sale of George Offer's books in 1865,
and was, I believe, destroyed at Sotheby's
fire on the second day of the sale.
6. Bible seen by Dr. Birch, 1749-50, who
describes it as "in 8vo, printed by Young
in 1636 " (Hunter, 1850, p. 34). There are
8vo editions by Young of Edinburgh dated
1633, 1637, and 1638, but neither Bohn's
' Lowndes,' the B.M. Printed Catalogue of
Bibles, nor Cotton mentions one dated 1636.
If 1636 be the correct date, Mary Powell
would have been ten years old when it was
published. The limitation of the family
references to the births of Milton's four
children by his first wife, its comparatively
small size, and its being last seen in the
possession of her granddaughter seem to
corroborate the entry " I am the book of
Mary Milton."
7. Bible mentioned by Thomas Kerslake
in The Athenceum of 5 January, 1884, as
of no value and as having been sold by him by
auction. Kerslake states that it formerly
belonged to Bishop Law, and that the name
of Milton written in the book had no simi-
larity to his known autographs.
Now as No. 7 appears unworthy of con-
sideration, No. 1 to be identical with No. 2,
and No. 5 (destroyed by fire) to be identical
with No. 4, only two Bibles associated with
Milton are known to exist, viz., his own
family Bible in the British Museum (No. 3)
and that of his third wife (No. 2) ; while
No. 6, seen by Dr. Birch, may still be in
existence, although its whereabouts are not
known. WYNNE E. BAXTER.
NEWENHAM ABBEY, DEVON (11 S. iii. 70).
From a note to p. 317 of Oliver's 'Monasti-
con Diocesis Exoniensis ' it appears that the
register formerly belonging to my grand-
father afterwards belonged to Sir Thomas
Phillipps, Bt. The book was published in
1846. W. WAVELL.
Reform Club, S.W.
LADY CONYNGHAM (11 S. ii. 508 ; iii. 37,
71). The ewer to which MB. JOHN LANE
alludes at the first reference was included in
the sale of the Marchioness Conyngham's
collection at Christie's in May, 1908. It was
not of crystal, but entirely gilt, and bore the
n s. in. FEB. 11, MI.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Ill
London hall-mark for 1618; the maker's name
was F. Terry. This with the companion dish
realized 4,200?., Messrs. Crichton being the
purchasers. The ewer and the dish are both
illustrated in the sale catalogue. A similar
dish is at Windsor Castle, and is illustrated
in the sixth edition of Cripps's * Old English
Plate ' (frontispiece). There were also in the
sale (4-7 May) several articles in rock
crystal, notably a standing cup and cover
with mounts of French workmanship of the
early part of the seventeenth century ; this,
which may be the article inquired after by
MB. LANE, realized 1,900 guineas. An
account of the collection appeared in The
Times of 13 April, 1908. The Marchioness
died on 28 November, 1907, and an obituary
notice of her was published in The Times
of the day following. She was the wife of
the third Marquess. W. ROBEBTS.
HOLWELL FAMILY (US. ii. 528 ; iii. 74).
The best account of Governor Holwell (bapt.
23 Sept., 1711 ; died at Pinner, 5 Nov.,
1798) will be found in Dr. H. E. Busteed's
* Echoes from Old Calcutta,' 4th edition,
1900, pp. 47 sqq. (See also 10 S. ix. 370, 455,
518 ; x. 76). Holwell was a grandson of John
Holwell, the mathematician and astronomer
(see 'D.N.B.'), whose father and grand-
father are said to have given their lives to the
Stuart cause, which involved the loss to
their descendants of an ample patrimony
in Devonshire that had been in the family
for generations. I am, however, a little
sceptical with regard to these statements.
I cannot find any Holwell recorded in Mr.
Peacock's ' Civil War Army Lists ' as having
held a commission in the King's forces,
nor in the ' List of Knights and Gentlemen
that have Compounded for their Estates. 1
Holwell was not a Visitation family, and
Risdon does not include it in his list of
the gentry of the county of Devon. I
conclude, therefore, that the Holwells were a
family of small yeomen, who may, of course,
have suffered losses in the Civil War, but
were not people of local importance.
Holwell's great - grandson, Major W. A.
Holwell, died at Toronto in October, 1890.
I should like to learn something further
of Edward and Bowes Walcot, both of
whom are said by MB. W. JACKSON PIGOTT,
and also by Burke in his * Landed Gentry,'
to have survived the horrors of the Black
Hole. Holwell in his ' Narrative,' in giving
the list of survivors, mentions only an
41 Ens. Walcott," who was afterwards sent
with Holwell and two others by Meer
Muddun to Murshidabad, where they
were put in chains and endured much
misery. No one of the name of Pigott is
mentioned by Holwell in his lists either of
those who perished or of those who survived.
W. F. PBIDEAUX.
THACKEBAY AND PUGILISM (11 S. iii. 28).
The article, in Temple Bar headed ' The
Millers and their Men,' and signed " P.,"
may perhaps have been written by Robert
Kemp Philp. My reasons for thinking so
are, I fear, not very convincing. Philp,
who was, at different periods, Chartist,
journalist, editor, and author, sometimes
wrote under the initial "P." His known
works include such titles as * Walks Abroad
and Evenings at Home,' * Natural History,'
' Physical Geography and Geology,' &c., and
show him to have been a keen and intelligent
observer ; but I am not aware of his ever
having written anything on pugilism. He
is best remembered by his ' Enquire within
upon Everything. 1 W. SCOTT.
DICKENS: " SHALLABALAH " (11 S. iii.
68). As a child (in the early sixties), I
remember an old Indian who used to come
round the houses in Thurloe Square beating
a sort of tom-tom, which was hung round
his neck, and crooning out some such word
as the above. We always called him the
" Shallabalah man." But I fancy he was a
Hindoo, and not a Moslem.
E. STUABT SHEBSON.
"ELZE"=ALBEADY (11 S. iii. 25, 72).
My note on this word was written, primarily,
to register the fact that it still has currency,
and is not a fossilized form resuscitated
from ancient authors by the lexicographer.
Secondly, it seemed apposite to show that
the term in a specific meaning is not ade-
quately considered in what is a generally
approved edition of a standard poet. MB.
WABBACK'S contribution has substantial
supplementary value ; and PBOF. SKEAT'S
etymological explanations are, as always,
as welcome as they are satisfactory.
THOMAS BAYNE.
"PUCKLED" (11 S. ii. 526; iii. 78).
Most readers at a first glance would probably
understand this word as puckl-ed, the
preterite of an unknown verb to puckle (like
buckled from to buckle), akin to puckle (Old
Eng. pucel), a diminutive of puck, in the
sense of being possessed by a little puck. It
is really, of course, puck-led, mazed or led
astray by that mischievous imp Puck. The
word survives in some of the Midland dia-
lects.
112
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. F BB . n, mi.
It is peculiarly interesting to me as helping
to substantiate the explanation which 1
advanced in The Oxford and Cambridge Re-
view (1910, pp. 86-93) of the difficult phrase
" the mobled queen " (' Hamlet,' II. ii. 526).
I there contended that mobled, or mdbled, is
to be analyzed as mob-led or mab-led, led
wandering by Mab, bewildered or bewitched,
infatuated. There is as little reason to infer
a verb moble from mobled as a verb puckle
from puckled. A. SMYTHE PALMER.
" DIE IN BEAUTY " (11 S. iii. 7, 74). The
phrase will be found in Ibsen's ' Hedda
Gabler ' ; see III. x. ; IV. v. in particular.
It forms, as it were, a " Leitmotiv " of the
action. I have no doubt that the present
vogue of the expression is due to this play ;
but whether Ibsen invented it or took it
from some other source, I am unable to say.
HEINBICH MUTSCHMANN.
University College, Nottingham.
It is, of course, true that in the third and
fourth acts of ' Hedda Gabler,' Hedda is full
of the idea of dying beautifully or gracefully ;
but I do not find the exact 'English phrase
in either the version of Mr. William Archer or
in that of Mr. Edmund Gosse. Is its equiva-
lent in the original Norwegian ? And if BO,
what are the precise words ?
JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.
GAMNECOURT IN PICARDY : BARBARA DE
BIERLE (11 S. ii. 429, 512; iii. 50). After
J. B. P.'s convincing demonstration to the
contrary, I can no longer maintain that John
Erskine of Dun, the Reformer, was married
to Margaret Keith My authority for the
marriage was a foot-note in M'Crie's ' Life of
Andrew Melville,' Edinburgh, 1819. M'Crie
asserts that John Erskine of Dun, the Super-
intendent of Angus, died "on the 16th of
October, 1592, and in the eighty-second
year of his age." In a foot-note he names
his authority: "Act Buik of the Com-
missariot of St. Andrews, Oct. 25, 1593,
and Apr. 19, 1594." I transcribe the
remainder of M'Crie's note :
. , fixes his d eath, by mistake, on
the 12th of March, 1591/2. He also represents
him as ' leaving behind him a numerous posterity '
(' Hist.' 384). But his will mentions only ' his
son and air and Margaret Erskine his dochter,'
who were minors, and whose ' tuitioun, gydinjr &
keeping ' he left to ' his weilbelovit spous Mar-
garet Kaith thair mother.' 'The noble and
potent Lord Robert Lord Altrie ' (probably Mrs.
Rrskme s brother) was one of their ' tutouris
testftmenUris/" M'Crie's 'Life of Melville,'
vol. n. pp. 22-3.
In the light of J. B. P.'s reply it will be
observed that M'Crie was in error. He con-
founded John Erskine, the great-grandson
(known also apparently as " Erskine of
Dun"), with John Erskine, the Superin-
tendent of Angus. We may gather from the
somewhat complicated details that John
Erskine the Superintendent died in 1589/90 ;
his son Robert in 1590 ; his grandson, John
of Logie, in 1591 ; and his great-grandson
John in 1592. Father, son, grandson, and
great-grandson died within a period of
four years. It may also be noted as curious
that father, son, grandson, and great-grand-
son, within about eighty -four years, were all
of them married and had children by the
time they had respectively reached their
twentieth year.
My thanks are also due to W. C. J., whose
citations clearly show that Barbara do
Bierle was the Superintendent's second
wife. ScoTtrs.
[Reply from MR. ERSKIICE WEST shortly.]
GEOFFREY POLE (11 S. iii. 45). As the
writer of the lines at 9 S. ix. 468, I am
interested in MR. J. B. WAINEWRTGHT'S
note. Geoffrey or Jeffrey Pole, fourth son
of Sir Geoffrey Pole (d. 1558), is stated to have
married Catherine, daughter of a Dutton
of Dutton in the county of Chester, and to
have had five daughters Jane, Catherine,
Constance, Martha, and Mary and two
sons, Arthur (slain s p. at Rome) and
Geoffry (or Geoffrey), the latter still living
in 1606, and then possessed of Wirehall in
Cheshire.
Sir James Pole, a descendant of Geoffrey
Pole (living in 1606), is said to have forfeited
Wirehall to King William. Sir James Pole
had a brother Richard, whose son Richard
was the father of three daughters Mary
(wife of " Giles Taylor of Lvon's Inn,
Gent."), Elizabeth (wife of Paul Green, a
vinter of London), and Hannah (wife of
Roger Maddock or Mannock, a shoemaker
in Chester).
My authority for these details regarding
Geoffrey, the son of Sir Geoffrey Pole (d.
1558), is (p. 131) 'A Companion and Key
;o the History of England,' by George
Fisher (London, Simpkin & Marshall, 1832).
RONALD DIXON.
1 TIT FOR TAT ' (11 S. ii. 489 ; iii. 56, 76).
The authoress of ' Tit for Tat ' was Jane
Grace Smith (Mrs. Michael Edward Smith),
as may be seen by the British Museum
Catalogue. She is an entirely different
Derson from the authoress of * Moscha
Lamberti.' WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
ii s. m. FEB. 11, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
113
THE VICTORY : EARLY SHIPS OF THE
NAME (US. iii. 68). I quote the following
note from the foot of p. 328, vol. ii., 'Eco-
nomical History of the Hebrides,' by John
Walker, D.D., Professor of Natural History
in Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, 1808.
The note occurs under the heading * Preserva-
tion of Timber ' :
" The Victory man-of-war was built in a hurry,
after the battle of Blenheim, of unseasoned timber ;
she therefore passed in the Navy by the name of
the Green Bough ; and, though a most magnificent,
was never accounted a trusty ship. Her loss proved
a national disaster, which was ascribed by the most
skilful seamen to this original defect."
w. s.
I have before me a few leaves of an old
Britannic Magazine, on which is printed a
list (taken from the Royal Library) of the
English fleet, with the names of the ships and
captains serving under Charles, Lord Howard
of Effingham, Lord High Admiral against
the Spaniards in 1588.
No. 9 in the list is the Victory, a ship of
800 tons, and a crew of 400 marines, her
captain being Sir John Hawkins. Possibly
she was the first vessel known by that
name. In an excellent series of articles
entitled ' Ships of the Royal Navy,' pub-
lished in The Hampshire Telegraph a year or
two ago, and now in book form, AITCHO will
find a very interesting account.
The Victory wrecked off the Casquets,
4 October, 1744, is said to have been built in
1675, and rebuilt at Portsmouth in 1731
not 1721, as cited from Charnock by the
querist. F. K. P.
If AITCHO does not know of an earlier
Victory than the one mentioned in 1703, he
will be interested to learn that this fine old
family name was one of honour in the Royal
Navy so long ago as 1582. Many familiar
names will be found in the short catalogue
of the predecessors of the Dreadnought,
Swiftsure, Triumph, Revenge, and others,
given by Harrison in his ' Elizabethan
England ' (Furnivall's edition, " Scott
Library," p. 231). P. A. MCELWAINE.
Dublin.
" LOVE ME, LOVE MY DOG " (11 S. ii. 522 ;
iii. 51). I am not surprised that objection
is made to what I said at the first reference
as to Aristotle's statement concerning the
ages of dogs. WERNERINA (ante, p. 52)
has been led astray by trusting to a poor
translation of the Greek original. The
whole passage is quoted by Samuel Clarke in
his ' Homeri Odyssea, Grsece et Latine '
(6th ed., vol. ii., p. 126), under 11. 326-7 of
the seventeenth book of that poem, which
describe the death of Argos. The first
sentence, to which a simple allusion was
made, is important, and should have been
given in full. " The male of the Laconian
dogs lives ten years, and the female about
twelve," says the philosopher. It will be
noticed that he attributes greater longevity
to the female. He then continues : " But
most females [at TrAetcrrai] of other dogs live
about 14 or 15 years, a few [cvtcu note the
gender] even 20 ; wherefore some persons
[rtves] think that Homer was correct when
he made the dog of Ulysses [rbv Kvva TOV
'OoWcrews] die in his 20th year " (Aristot.,
' De Hist. Animal.,' lib. vi. cap. 20). Being
a dog, Argos could not have attained to such
an age ; therefore Aristotle, according to his
own teaching, could not have come to such
a lame and impotent conclusion as the one
he mentions.
In Clarke's * Homeri Odyssea,' at the
same reference as given above, is quoted
the opinion of ^lian, who roundly declares
that " the Argos of Ulysses and the story
about him [the dog] seem to be one of
Homer's puerilities." The same writer
states that " the greatest age of a dog is
14 years " (' De Animal,' lib. vi. cap. 40).
This must have been one of the instances
Horace had in mind when he wrote
Indignor, quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus.
* De Arte Poetica, 1 359.
JOHN T. CURRY.
" Le Livre des Proverbes Frangais, pr6-
ced6 de recherches historiques .... parJM. Le
Roux de Lincy, seconde edition," fc _1859,
has the following :
Tome i. p. 170, in Serie No. IV. :
Qui m'aime il aime mon chien.
(Anc. prov., Ms.) XIII* siecle.
(Prov. communs.) XV* siecle.
" On dit qui m'aime aime mon chien."
(Trlsor de Jeh. de Meung, vers 1,667.)
XIII* siecle.
Tome ii. p. 481 :
Qi me eyme erne mon chen.
The last is in " Appendice No. III. Pro-
verbes de Fraunce, d'apres un manuscrlt
de Cambridge du Corpus Christi College.
(Extraits communiques par M. Francisque
Michel.)" LZ1
The Latin " Qui amat me, amat & canem
meum," is given in the ' Adagia ' of Erasmus
and others, 1599, col. 1984.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
114
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. n, 1911.
Is it St. Bernard of Clairvaux who sa,id,
" Dicitur certe vulgar! quodam proverbio :
Qui me amat, amat et canem meum " ?
(St. Bernard, ' In Festo S. Michaelis,
Sermo Primus, sect. iii. p. 102 b, vol. i.,
Parisiis, 1719, fol.)
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
For MB. BBESLAB'S information (ante,
p. 62) I make the following extracts from
Chambers' s Encyclopaedia ' : " Wolves can
readily be tamed when taken young, and then
exhibit all the characteristics of domestic
dogs " ; also : " The wolf's natural voice
is a loud howl, but when confined with dogs
it will learn to bark." N. W. HILL.
WET HAY (US. ii. 469, 535 ; iii. 53).
At the last reference a valued contributor
to * N. & Q.' waxes facetious over the idea
of wet hay being ever found in a dog-kennel.
He fails to remember that ladies' lapdogs
and shepherds' collies form but a small
portion of the canine family ; that kennels
such as those of the Beaufort and Quorn
hunts were unknown at the time when
Webster wrote his drama ; and that the
saying " to live a dog's life anu die a dog's
death " has become a kind of proverb
expressive of the acme of human misery.
SCOTUS.
Hay is often damped for horses which have
bad wind, to lay the dust present in almost
all hay. Many people also sprinkle water
on the oats or crushed beans.
GALFBID K. CONGBEVE.
Vermilion, Alberta.
[MB. M. L. R. BBESLAB also thanked for reply.]
IBISH BOOK OF REMEMBBANCE (11 S.
iii. 70).
"In 1783 Mr. J. Fitzgerald published the first
4 Cork Remembrancer'; in 1792 Mr. A. Edwards
published the second ; the present attempt is the
third. We believe our city has furnished the only
examples of such compilations."
[ take this extract from the preface to
' The Cork Remembrancer,' by Francis H.
Tuckey, 8vo, pp. ex. + 352,' Cork, 1837,
which has " a list of subscribers printed at
the beginning." Could any of these be the
work sought for by MB. ROBEBTS CBOW ?
EDITOB ' IBISH BOOK LOVEB.'
BELFAST REGISTEBS (US. iii. 70). I am
afraid there are no registers of Belfast
going back as far as 1677. The first Presby-
terian Church was founded in 1672, but the
first volume of its baptismal register has been
missing since 1790, and has been advertised
for several times without result. The
second volume, commencing in 1757, is in
existence, and has been printed in ' Historic
Memorials of the First Presbyterian Church '
(Belfast, 1877, 4to), by Principal Gordon,
now of Manchester. The parish church
dates only from 1774. In R. M.^Young's
' Town Book ' (Belfast, 1892, 8vo) the
names are given of the leading citizens in
1677, and they may perhaps be of assistance
to your correspondent.
EDITOB * IBISH BOOK LOVEB.'
Kensal Lodge, N.W.
EUSEBY CLEAVEB, ABCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN
(US. ii. 489; iii. 53). See Misc. Gen. et
HeraL, vol. ii. pp. 304-5, where the Arch-
bishop's mother is given as Martha Lettice of
Lushden, Northants no doubt a daughter
of the Rev. John Lettice, who was Rector
of Rushden in 1719. H. HOUSTON BALL.
ROGEBSON COTTEB (11 S. ii. 489 ; iii. 53)
was admitted to Lincoln's Inn, 2 August,
1766. His name appears in the ' Dublin
Directory ' for 1794, but not afterwards,
as of Grattan Street, Dublin, and Mallow,
co. Cork. He married in 1794 Jane, widow
of William Grady, and daughter of Richard
Harrold of Limerick.
H. HOUSTON BALL.
' A VOICE FBOM THE BUSH '(US. iii. 48).
This piece was included in the "Miscel-
laneous " section of ' Poems by the late
Adam Lindsay Gordon,' which was published
by A. H. Massina & Co. of Melbourne in
1884. There is some doubt whether all the
pieces in this " Miscellaneous " section were
from the pen of Gordon. The poem was not
printed by him in the slim volume of ' Bush
Ballads and Galloping Rhymes ' which was
published at Melbourne in 1870. It un-
doubtedly seems to reflect the unfortunate
attitude of mind into which Gordon fell
during his later years. The London pub-
lisher of the book was Samuel Mullen, 48,
Paternoster Row, and it frequently appears
in second-hand booksellers' catalogues. The
poem consists of fifteen stanzas, of which the
first runs as follows :
High noon, and not a cloud in the sky
To break this blinding sun.
Well, I've half the day before me still,
And most of my journey done.
There's little enough of shade to be got,
But I'll take what I can get,
For I'm not so hearty as once I was,
Although I'm a young man yet.
W. F. PBIDEAUX.
ii s. in. FEB. ii, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
This poem is printed on p. 25 et seq. in
4 Australian Poets, 1788-1888,' edited by
Douglas B. W. Sladen, and published in
1888 by Griffith, Farran & Co. Prefixed to
the poem is a note explaining the incorrect
attribution of it to A. Lindsay Gordon, and
further stating that
" its real authorship is well known among students
of Australian literature ; and though the author
wishes his name not to appear again, the poem
is given as finally revised by him for ' Australian
Ballads and Rhymes.' "
L. A. W,
Dublin.
* A Voice from the Bush ' will be found
in The Temple Bar Magazine, No. 150, for
May, 1873 (vol. xxxviii.'p. 186). R. B.
Upton.
The poem * A Voice from the Bush ' was
written by Mr. Douglas B. W. Sladen, though
it has been printed among Adam Lindsay
Oordon's poems. In 1888 it appeared in a
corrected form, revised by the author, in
the " Canterbury Poets " series, * Australian
Ballads and Rhymes,' London, Walter
Scott, pp. 1-5. The Table of Contents
in that volume attributes the authorship
to Mr. Sladen, who, though the editor of the
collection, had not chosen to reveal himself.
W. SCOTT.
[In the fourth edition of * Australian Ballads
and Rhymes,' edited by Mr. Sladen, the authority
cited in the Contents for the poem is Temple Bar.
In ' A Century of Australian Song,' also edited by
Mr. Sladen and published by Walter Scott, the
poem is entered in the Contents as " Anonymous,
South Australia," and the South Australian
Register is given as the authority.
MR. PERCY ADDLESHAW, S. J. A. F., J. H. K.,
OLD SARUM, and C. L. S. also thanked for
replies.]
JEREMY SMITH, 1666 (US. iii. 70). In the
4 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, June,
1660,' is a grant to Jeremiah Smith of the
office of Keeper of Battles Walk, Windsor
Forest. This Walk does not appear in
Norden's map of the Forest. I have not at
hand the works of either Hughes or Menzies
on the Forest ; they might give some in-
formation. FREDERIC TURNER.
CHERTSEY CARTULARIES (US. iii. 70).
G. A. K. will find that neither the Lansdowne
MSS. 434-5 at the B.M. nor the "Ex-
chequer Leiger" at the P.R.O. have been
printed. Here is a good opportunity for one
of those people who have a difficulty in dis-
posing of their millions to do, or cause to be
done, some useful and interesting work. At
the beginning of Lansdowne MS. 435 is a
portion of a fourteenth-century survey of
Egham undertaken by John de Rutherwyk,
Abbot of Chertsey ; it is a portion of a com-
plete survey of the possessions of the abbey.
This fragment I hope to publish myself
before long. FREDERIC TURNER.
Egham.
SIR JOHN CHANDOS (US. iii. 25). In ' Le
Prince Noir Po6me du Herault d'Armes
Chandos,' edited by Francisque-Michel,
London and Paris, 1883, is a note, p. 304,
which says that Sir John Chandos,
" son of Sir Edward Chandos, in the words of Du
Guesclin * the most illustrious knight in the world,'
served in the campaigns of 1339, was present at
Crecy, Poitiers, Najera, and fell at the bridge of
Lussac, 31 December, 1369 He was one of the
founders of the Garter, and his plate is still
remaining in the stall he formerly occupied in St
George's Chapel."
There is the following foot-note t
"See Luce's Froissart, t. iv. p. 91. 324, and p. 322 ;
and t. v. p. 28, 381. In Rymer's * Fojdera,' vol. iii.
p. 343, is a deed of gift of two parts of the manor of
Kirkeld in Lindsay to Sir John Chandos, for his
good service at the Battle of Poitiers.
" There is a paper by Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick
in the Archceologia, vol. xv. pp. 484-495, and a more
valuable one by Benjamin Fillon (Londres et
Fontenay, 1856, 8vo. magno, 35 pages), which is
illustrated by the signature and handwriting of
Chandos, the signet of the Black Prince and James
Audley, the seals of John de Creswell, Hugh de
Calviley, Hugh and Geffrey Worresley, Robert
Knolles and Thomas Percy, whose signature is
given as that of John de Harpeden.
" At the beginning of this century, the name of
Chandos was recalled on the occasion of a law suit,
which made a great noise and gave rise to Sir
Egerton Brydges's papers (1822 fol.), and 'Chandos
Family' (30 pages, 4to, no title. Reprinted from
the ' introduction to Sudeley Castle *) ; to George
Frederick Beltz's ' Chandos Peerage Case ' (London,
1834, 8vo) ; and to ' A Letter in a statement relative
to the Barony of Chandos,' in the * Synopsis of the
Peerage of England,' by Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas,
London, 1841, pp. 14, 12mo."
The stall plate of Sir John Chandos
appears on plate iv. in ' The Stall Plates of
the Knights of the Order of the Garter,
1348-1485,' by W. H. St. John Hope, 1901.
It is
" now in the twenty-first stall, on the south side of
the quire. A cut-out plate, in admirable preserva-
tion, representing the shield of arms, gold a pile
aides, with silver helm, garnished gold, and covered
by a red mantling with gold branches on the
slittered ends and lined ermine. The crest, which
rises directly from the helm without any torse, is a
man's head silver icith sable hair and beard and a
fillet vert. On a gilt scroll attached to the lower
margin is inscribed
: Mons' . John . Chandos : primer fondeur
(Inscription in old English.) "
116
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. n, 1911.
Chandos Herald thus records the death
of Sir John :
Et puis gaires ne demora
Que Chaundos auxi trespassa
Au pont de Lussac, bien savez.
Line 3944.
Without correction according to the
errata, the reference is line 3974.
According to the ' Dictionary of National
Biography,' Sir John Chandos, wounded at
the bridge of Lussac 31 December, 1369,
died at Mortemar on the day following.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
THE BLACK PRINCE'S LANGUAGE (11 S.
iii. 7). There can surely be little doubt
that the Black Prince spoke the language of
Provence the language of Froissart and the
troubadours. The French territory over
which he ruled lay within the Provengal
district, to the south of the Loire. Langue-
doc, another name for the Provencal speech,
la langue d'oc, was employed to distinguish
it from la langue d'oil, or the dialect of
Northern France. According to Prof.
Saint sbury, Provencal was the language not
oaly of Southern France, but also of Savoy
beyond the Alps and Catalonia beyond the
Pyrenees. " It altered less from the Latin
[than the northern tongue], and was on the
whole more like Spanish or Italian than
French."
I do not pretend to say what particular
dialect is represented by the sentences
quoted by MB. ALBAN DORAN, but would
venture to submit that too much importance
ought not to be attached to words which a
modern writer of history puts into the mouth
of his characters. SCOTTJS.
SYBIL, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND : HER
PARENTAGE (11 S. iii. 44). The new ' Scots
Peerage,' which ought to be an authority on
such matters, calls her Sybille Corbet. Are
there any charters in Scotland which
authorize this name ? SHERBORNE.
Sherborne House, Northleach.
In Table XVIII., headed ' Genealogy of
the Kings of Great Britain surnamed
Stuart,' in that curious work ' A Companion
and Key to the History of England,' by
George Fisher (London, 1832), the wife of
Alexander I. of Scotland is given as " Sibylla,
granddaughter of William the Conqueror " ;
but in the body of the work (p. 232) it is
stated that Alexander I., " surnamed the
Fierce," died 1124, " leaving no issue by his
wife Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I
^ EngJand " RONALD DIXON.
46, Maryborough Avenue, Hull.
"WOODYER" (11 S. ii. 529). This word
is not wholly obsolete in Sussex. I have
heard it pronounced " woody -er." It i&
equivalent to " woodman," and, as I know
it, designates the man who looks after the
undergrowth in a copse or wood mainly
used for the cultivation of it. When the
undergrowth is sold " standing," he sees that
the woodcutters sent by the purchaser keep
to their lot, do not infringe on the other less
mature lots, do no damage to trees, &c. I
am sorry it never occurred to me to send the
word to Prof. Wright for the ' E.D.D.,' but it
will now be rescued from oblivion.
E. E. STREET.
Chichester.
I have heard men who worked regularly
in the wood, " loppin', choppin', an' trim-
min'," called both " wodyers " and " wood-
yers," just as other workers with the saw in
wood or saw-pit are sawyers. A man I
knew who was a noted " thak-peg " maker
was often called " a pegyer." There are folk
in country places who naturally turn the
terminal " er " into ** yer."
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
Woodyer is a family name, a form, says
Bardsley, of the old " le Woodere," one who
lives under the shade of a wood.
C. C. B.
[ScoTUS also thanked for reply.]
" TERSE " CLARET (US. iii. 7). Does not
this mean "neat," unadulterated claret from
the imported wine-tun ? Many were the
instances, at the time alluded to and long
before, of the adulteration and mixing of
wine, in which water played an important
part. Cowel in his ' Interpreter ' (s.v. not
"terse," but " terre tenant") says that
" terse is a certain Measure of liquid things,
as Wine, Oyl, &c., containing the sixth part
of a Tun, 32 H. 8. 14, or the third part of a
Pipe." And a tierce or terce is described by
N. Bailey in his * Dictionary,' 1740, as a
liquid measure containing 24 gallons. When
we refer to Prof. Skeat (' Etym. Diet.,' 1901),
we are informed that the word is from the
Latin tersus, meaning " clean, neat, pure*
nice, terse." J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
In Thomas Shadwell's comedy of ' The
Humourists,' Act I. sc. i., Crazy says : " We
that drink Burgundy, like Bay-trees, are
green, and nourish all the year." In III. i.
Friske says : " Drink a bottle of Rhenish
and Sugar." But in IV. i., where Bricke
requests Raymund to " stay a little and
ii s. in. FEB. 11, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
117
debate the business over a bottle of wine
first," Raymund replies, somewhat taunt-
ingly : " Must I stay, till the strength
of Terse claret have wet yourself into
courage ? "
" Terse claret " was no doubt the red
wine known by the name of claret, as it is
stated by a wine merchant that it was not
before 1750 that the first-growth claret,
properly prepared and of proper age came
to England from France ; so the term
" terse " does denote a good quality of
wine. TOM JONES.
May I presume to suggest that SIR JAMES
MURRAY has supplied the answer to his own
query ? Terse is simply " tierce " (<
(often
simply " ti<
spelt " terce " in old books, as, for example,
in Boyer's ' French-English Dictionary,' ed.
1729), meaning a cask, of claret or any other
wine, containing 42 gallons. If we substitute
for terse the word " cask " in the three
quotations cited by SIR JAMES, the sense
of the different passages will be quite
apparent. Thus in * Bellamira,' Act. II.
sc. i., Merryman had imbibed so many
gallons of wine that they amounted in the
aggregate to several casks, consequently
any jolt would have spilt a cask at a time,
and not merely a gallon. W. S. 8.
ADDERS' FAT AS A CURE FOR DEAFNESS
<11 S. iii. 69). SCRUTATOR'S query puts
me in mind that my mother had in her
medicine cupboard possibly some sixty
years ago a small phial of pinkish oil,
which she said was viper oil for the cure of
vipers' bites. It was extracted and pre-
pared from the dead snakes by a man who
plied the trade of ratcatcher and viper-
killer in the neighbourhood. We were then
living in Kent, about six miles from Dover.
My mother could not say if the oil was
efficacious, as she had never had experience
of its use. EGERTON GARDINER.
Adders' or any other fat may relieve
temporary deafness due to an accumulation
of hardened wax in the ear, and possibly
the fat of adders may possess peculiar pene-
trating and solvent properties. Certainly
it has long had, and among country people
still has, this reputation. I have often had
dead adders brought to me in Lincolnshire
under the impression that they still are, as
they once were, included in our Materia
Medica ; and I have seen them, preserved in
spirits, in country chemists' shops, where
they serve the same purpose as the " stuff 'd
-alligators " of the old apothecaries. I do
not know that their fat was ever recom-
mended specifically for deafness, but it was
much used in many cutaneous affections,
and for dropping into the eyes to clear the
sight. It is, says Alleyne (1733), "more
penetrative and active than other oily sub-
stances." For the subject of the viper
in medicine see Wootton's ' Chronicles of
Pharmacy.' C. C. B.
The application of oil to the ear is some-
times advisable in cases of deafness due to
stoppage of the meatus. Adders' fat, being
the produce of a reptile which is, proverbially,
wilfully d.eaf, would be specially curative on
the similia similibus curantur system, that
was known by the folk-leech before Hahne-
mann. ST. SWITHIN.
The peasantry of the Home Counties
(Berkshire, for example, where adders are
more plentiful than in the Midlands)
regard this fat as a safe cure for the poison
of an adder's bite. I do not remember it in
connexion with deafness.
WM. JAGGARD.
Avonthwaite, Stratford-on-Avon.
EARLY BEEFSTEAK CLUB (11 S. ii. 445, 497).
On referring to ' The Life and Death of
the Sublime Society of Beefsteaks,' by Bro.
Walter Arnold (1871), I find that the
anonymous writer quoted by MR. HOLDEN
MACMICHAEL is correct in assigning the date
of the foundation of the Society to 1735.
The book contains a list of " the original
24 members of the Sublime Society of
Beefsteaks founded in the year 1735 by John
Rich, harlequin and machinist at Covent
Garden."
This is confirmed by " Thormanby " in an
article in Temple Bar for March, 1906, in
which he repeats the date, but calls Rich
" Henry " instead of John. The article
is entitled ' The Laureate of the " Beef-
steaks," ' and refers to Capt. Charles Morris
of " the sweet shady side of Pall Mall " fame.
I have other references to the Sublime
Society (which must not be confused with
the Beefsteak Club, or other sporadic
societies), but can find none earlier than the
foregoing.
There was a Beefsteak Club in the reign of
Queen Anne (Spectator, No. 9, 10 March,
1710/11): Dr. King dedicated his 'Art of
Cookery ' to it. John Timbs in his ' History
of Clubs and Club Life ' refers to several
other Beefsteak Clubs.
FRANK SCHLOESSER.
118
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. in. FEB. n, 1911.
GRANGE COURT, ST. CLEMENT DANES
(11 S. iii. 28). Mr. Canning, attorney,
who lived next door to " The Grange Inn "
in Carey Court, " facing Lincoln's Inn Play-
house," offered in 1742 a reward of thirty
shillings for the recovery of
" a new superfine cloth Coat, of a light Colour, made
Frock - Fashion, with little Stiffening, had a Roll
Sleeve, a very narrow fall-down Velvet Collar, a
Plait-behind, lin'd with Shalloon, and Silver Plate
Buttons on when lost." Daily Advertiser, 25 March.
Was not this Mr. Canning probably the un-
fortunate father of the distinguished George
Canning, who, when he came to London,
entered himself of the Middle Temple,
and was called to the Bar ?
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
OWLS CALLED " CHERUBIMS " (11 S. ii. 505 ,
iii. 15). The likeness of the bird to the
cherub is indicated by the fact that a well-
known Oxford don secured nicknames
from both. From Jowett's ' Life and
Letters,' by Campbell and Abbott (1897),
I gather (p. 66) that Mrs. Grote called Jowett
" the cherub," and Mrs. Ferrier of St.
Andrews " the little downy owl."
HIPPOCLTDES.
QUAKER OATS (U.S. ii. 528; iii. 75). I
may be wrong, but I have always taken it for
granted that the name owed its origin to the
fact that the gentleman who introduced
Quaker Oats to the public is a member of
the Society of Friends.
EGERTON GARDINER.
SHIP LOST AT SEA IN THE FIFTIES (11 S. ii.
528 ; iii. 76). The vessel in which Thomas
Hall, brother of the late Sir John Hall,
Premier of New Zealand, left this country in
1852 was burnt to the water's edge and its
passengers transferred to another boat.
S. D. C.
PAUPER'S BADGE (US. ii. 487 ; iii. 55).
In Scotland the beggar's badge appears to
have been enforced at an earlier date than the
pauper's badge (referred to at the first
reference) in England. Mr. Ingleby Wood in
his ' Scottish Pewter- Ware and Pewterers '
says, p. 4, that in 1574 " an Act was passed
requiring all deserving beggars to wear a
pewter or leaden badge for the purpose of
distinguishing them from the ' sorners and
vagabonds,' as the undeserving were termed,"
and that the Scottish gipsies " did not hesi-
tate to forge these badges for sale to other
rogues and as a means of obtaining alms
for themselves from the charitably disposed."
A special chapter of Mr. Wood's book r
pp. 115-21, is devoted to the subject of
' Beggars' Badges.' No. XXXI. of the very
fine plates which adorn the book shows ten
examples of the collection of beggars' badges-
(many of them of pewter) which is to be
found in the National Museum of Antiquities
of Scotland, Edinburgh. Another collection
may be seen in the Smith Institute, Stirling.
G. L. APPERSON.
A Quaker Post-Bag : Letters to Sir John Eodcs
of Barlbrough Hall and to John Gratton of
Many ash, 1693-1742. Selected and edited
by Mrs. Godfrey Locker-Lampson. (Longmans
&Co.)
THE book before us is of unusual interest. Though
the literature of the Society of Friends published
in the seventeenth and " eighteenth centuries
has long attracted attention, these letters are
widely different from any of the others which are
generally known. They reveal the ordinary
domestic life of the Quakers in a manner not
found elsewhere, and give the reader a clearly
denned impression of the gentle and kindly
characters of Sir John Rodes of Barlbrough Hall
and his circle of friends. Ideas are, perhaps,
too often repeated, for his correspondents were
not invariably on an equal level of intellectual
development with himself, some of them being,
simple people who valued not only his sterling,
goodness, but also his position as a baronet
the only Quaker baronet in England, so far as.
we know. Their admiration did not prevent
them from speaking freely, however, when they
considered that it was a duty ; and none of them
was afraid of giving unasked advice. Living in
an age when the tie of marriage was considered
almost a necessity for every man of good repute r
they constantly offered suggestions which in
these days would be stigmatized as highly
impertinent.
Thomas Lawson, although he did not know
Sir John by sight, evidently took great interest
in his character and pursuits. He had heard 1
that the baronet was fond of plants, and seems
to have credited him with a sympathy for botan-
ists, since he draws attention to the fact that he
himself has wandered in all directions in search of
specimens, and further avows that he takes
interest in antiquarian matters also, though
botany is his chief study. The ardent desire
he had to spread knowledge is proved by the fact
that when George Fox, William Penn, and others
became anxious to buy land near London for a
" Garden School House " where all kinds of
English plants and many foreign varieties were
to be cultivated, Lawson determined to have a
hand in the work. His project was to write a
book in Latin for the use of the students, so that
they might study the ancient language which they
were intended to acquire, and at the same time
learn something of the botanical specimens
around them. Unhappily, this undertaking,.
us. ni.FKB.li, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
119
which might have produced excellent results, was
never carried out, though the Master of Christ's
College, Cambridge, spoke of it as likely to "fill
the nation with philosophers." It was probably
hindered by some person or persons in authority,
whose powers of thwarting the development of
natural science are not dwelt upon.
Among the letters of Henry Gouldney to Sir
John Bodes is a most interesting document which
is reproduced in facsimile, but is, we believe, on a
smaller scale than the original. Its title is ' The
Humble Address of the People called Quakers
from their yearly meeting in London, the 26th
Day of the Third Month called May, 1716.' It is
well composed, but, we must confess, more
flattering in the passages relating to what they
called "unnatural rebellion" than we should
have anticipated. We believe it to be a docu-
ment of the greatest rarity, unknown to almost
the whole of the Quakers of the present day.
John Tomkins, who wrote many of the letters,
had a wider range of thought than the majority
of the correspondents. His account of the great
storm of November, 1703, which must have been
of tropical violence, should be consulted by
modern meteorologists. It is not improbable that
some passages in it give a better description of
that tremendous gale than can be found elsewhere.
IN The Fortnightly Mr. J. L. Garvin's political
article bears the title ' From Reval to Potsdam,'
and is largely concerned with the building and
control of the Bagdad Bailway. Mr. Swift
MacNeill in ' Foreign Policy and Parliamentary
Control ' points once more to the predominance
of the Cabinet in these latter days which is
beginning to attract general attention. Mr.
William Archer has an interesting account of
' The Portuguese Bepublic,' more favourable than
some we have recently read, and very properly
including some of the history which led to the
Revolution. ' The Kaiser's Conquest,' by Bri-
tannicus, points out that the German Emperor
has returned to that style of speech which at the
end of 1908 led to a period of discretion and
reserve, and that the consequent campaign against
him has failed this time to reveal a " determined
popular opinion." ' Tolstoy's Last Days,' by
Zinaida Vengerowa, is an exaggerated article
which does not impress us in the least. Mrs.
Woods adds here to her Cornhill articles one on
' Round Table Mountain ' ; and " G." gives an
alarming account of the prevalence of ' Anarchist
Propaganda in England.'
At the end of the number we find two articles
concerned with ancient Greece, for Mr. C. G. D.
Roberts's ' Heliodore of the Myrtles ' gives a
pretty picture of the lady as the chief love of
Meleager, and Walter Lennard's fifth section ' In
Search of Egeria ' introduces the amorist talking
Sappho with a French lady. This section is
obviously the work of an expert scholar, and,
looking through the advertisements in this
number, we notice that these clever studies are
now revealed as by TMr. W. L. Courtney.
IN The Cornhill for February Mr. Stephen
Gwynn, M.P., has a lively article on ' Electioneer-
ing in Ireland,' and Mrs. Woods's " Pastel " is
' By the East Coast,' beginning with Beira, and
ending with Zanzibar. As usual, Mrs. Woods
gives us a good deal of information in a pleasant
style: Prof. G. H. Bryan in ' The Wastage of
Men, Aeroplanes, and Brains ' points out that-
flying in the air " has been developed in a one-
sided way, and this on the most dangerous side."
The conditions of stability have not been suffi-
ciently considered by aviators largely innocent
of mathematics. Mr. Marmaduke Pickthall has
an excellent short story, ' The Tale of a Camp/
in which the servants of a party touring in
Palestine take advantage of the conceit of the
missionary who leads it, and make him do much
of their work. The talk of the servants is par-
ticularly vivid, but we should be glad to know
what a " khawajah " is. Mr. F. E. Dugdale
writes on ' Blue Jimmy : the Horse Stealer,*
who was once famous in the West of England.
Nineteen times he was brought before a judge,
and the eighteenth trial, in 1822, was so lucky an
escape for him that the wonder is he pursued his
thieving after it. Unfortunately for him, he
had the same judge on his last two appearances
in court, and recognized in 1825 that his fate was
sealed. Mr. A. C. Benson's study of ' Bishop
Wilkinson ' retains the remarkable level of
interest which his series of people who have in-
fluenced him has had from the beginning. His
subject in this case is a fine example of spirituality
with whom *' personal relation with God " was
wonderfully vivid. The new chapters of ' The
Lost Iphigenia ' are both lively and arresting.
We are rather disappointed with the literary
competitions, which seem so far to afford little
scope for critical power and much for mere
industry.
The Nineteenth Century has abundance of
politics, with which we do not care to deal. Sir
R. Anderson tackles ' The Problem of the Criminal
Alien,' and suggests as an expert what common
sense no doubt suggested to a good many persons
lately that an alien anarchist living by crime
ought to be allowed to go free only in virtue of a
permis de sejour. He also thinks that the posses-
sion of a revolver without a magisterial licence
should be made a criminal offence, in order to
put a stop to armed burglars. Dr. T. B. Hyslop
writes with ample experience of lunatics on-
1 Post-Illusionism and Art in the Insane,' hinting
obliquely at the Post-Impressionists. While
his over-use of scientific words endorses his ex-
rrience as a doctor, we do not gather that he
inclined to admire symbolism or anything
beyond photographic representation (which is
hardly art) in the sane, and there are several
" question -begging " adjectives in his clever dis-
course. Canon Beeching on ' The Revision of the
Prayer Book ' explains a question on which some
misconception exists. Mr. Stephen Gwynn has a
striking paper on ' The Writings and Opinions of
General Sir W T illiam Butler,' a man who was
admirable alike as soldier and writer. Of the
remaining articles, that by the Abbe" Ernest
Dimnet is by far the most interesting. He writes
English with remarkable force and point, and
explains the curious position held by the very
able group who bring out the daily paper, Action
FranQaise. Royalist, but not at one with official
Royalism, this paper has a great influence on
anti-Republic journalists outside Paris. The
Abb<* contrasts this lively source of abuse, protest,
and insolence with the inertness of the Radical
majority in France. But, after all, it is always
the defeated and dissatisfied minority that makes
most of the epigrams and complaints.
120
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. FEB. 11, 1911.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. FEBRUARY.
MB. RICHARD CAMERON'S Edinburgh Catalogue
234 is again full of items of Scottish interest.
We note Couper's ' Bibliography of Edinburgh
Periodical Literature,' 1908, 10s. ; facsimile issue
of the Kilmarnock Burns, 11. 5s. ; Drummond's
4 Old Edinburgh,' large folio, 18s. Qd. ; ' Edin-
burgh in the Olden Time,' large folio, 15s. ; W. H.
Murray's addresses at the Adelphi and Theatre
Royal, Edinburgh, with memoir, 1851. 6s. Qd. ;
Grant's ' Old and New Edinburgh,' 3 vols., 15s. ;
Hogg's ' Jacobite Relics,' first edition, 2 vols.,
1819-21, 11. 2s. ; Dunn-Pattinson's ' Ninety-
First Highlanders,' 1910, 21. 2s. ; and a complete
set of Wodrow Society Publications, 24 vols.,
11. 4s. In the general portion are Baxter Colour-
prints of ' The Ninth Hour,' after Dtirer, 1Z. 5s.,
and ' Copper, your Honour,' 16s. Qd. Under
Phiz is an original chalk drawing of ' Little Em'ly,'
8J in. by 6 in., in frame, 11. Is.
The first portion of Mr. Robert McCaskie's
Catalogue 34 consists of books in general lite-
rature. Under Portugal is Vertot's ' History of
the Revolutions of Portugal.' Among Trials is
that of Lord Cardigan for the duel on Wimbledon
Common with Capt. Tuckett, 16 February, 1841.
The second portion contains autographs, old
deeds, and MSS. Among the autographs are
those of Perry of The Morning Chronicle, Tadema,
Lytton, Frith, the Young Pretender, Queen
Adelaide, Henry Fawcett, and Allan Cunning-
ham. Among documents are the regulations
of the Common Council, 1801, for the " Nightly
Watch and Beadles within the City of London."
There is a broadside of the Whig Club, declaring
the right of the English people to free public
meeting, 1796. Under Old Engraved Portraits are
157 items. There are also a number of mis-
cellaneous engravings.
Mr. W. M. Murphy's Liverpool Catalogue 161
contains a complete set, 1842-1904, of the Pro-
ceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
167 vols., 221. 10s. ; and ' Harleian Miscellany,'
12 vols., red morocco, 1808-11, 81. 10s. Under
Architecture is Fergusson's ' Handbook,' 3 vols.,
11. 6s. Of railway interest is Bradshatc's Paihcay
Companion, 32mo, original cloth, 3rd mo. 2nd,
1840, 11. 10s. Under Caricatures is Heath's
Sketches,' early impressions, oblong folio, 21. 5s.;
under Edward FitzGerald, the first edition of
* Polonius,' Pickering, 1852, 31. 5s. ; under Illu-
minations, Westwood's illustrations of the ancient
versions of the Bible, 4to, half-morocco, 1863-5,
7Z. 10s. ; under Morland, Williamson's ' Life,'
illustrations on Japanese paper, 1904, 21. 5s. ;
under Scotland, Billings's ' Antiquities,' 4 vols.,
1845-52, 31. 10s. ; under Addington Symonds,
* Wine, Woman, and Song,' first edition, 1884,
21. 5s. ; and under Tennyson, the first collected
edition, 2 vols in 1, Moxon, 1842, 31. Other
entries include Wheatley's ' Cries of London,'
31. 10s. ; Whittier, 7 vols., 14s. Qd. ; and ' The
Wilkie Gallery,' royal 4to, 19s. Qd. Under Cole-
ridge are first editions of ' Biographia,' 1817
11. 15s., and ' Sibylline Leaves,' 1817, 11. 10s.
both fine copies. Disney's ' Specimens of Ancient
Bronze,' royal 4to, half-morocco, 1849, is 11. 10s.
There are works under Liverpool and under
United States Geological Survey.
Mr. Charles J. Sawyer's Catalogue 24 contains
under Campanology ' Tintinnalogia,' 12mo,
crimson morocco, 1668, 31. 15s. The scarce
first edition of ' Through the Looking-Glass,'
1872, is 21. 15s. Under Coloured Plates are the
fifth edition of ' Dr. Syntax,' 1813, 4Z. 10s. ;
the first edition of ' Life in London,' blue morocco,
in the finest state, 1821, 10Z. 7s. Qd. ; ' The Tour
of Dr. Prosody,' red levant, 1821, 4Z. 10s. ; and
Pierce Egan, the original edition, red levant,
1825, 81. 10s. Under Dickens is the chair he
used at his office in Wellington Street, 10Z. 10s. ;
a snuff-box with coloured scene of Pickwick in
bed at Dingley Dell, 11. 10s. ; and a set of first
editions of the Christmas Books, 1843-8, 81. 10s.
(the ' Carol ' and ' Battle of Life ' are second
issues). Under ' Don Quixote ' is the facsimile
of the rare first edition, 1605-15 (Barcelona,
1872-4), 3 vols., 4to, vellum, 31. 15s. Under
Early Music is Neale's ' Pocket Companion,'
Vol. I., containing 152 engraved pages of music
and words of the songs, small square 8vo, 1725,
21. 2s. (according to the Museum authorities, this
is the first issue of the first edition of this rare
musical item). A brilliantly illuminated edition
of ' Imitation de Jesus Christ,' Paris, 1856, is
12Z. 12s. La Fontaine is represented by the
privately issued edition of the Society of Biblio-
philists, this being one of ten copies in which the
plates have been delicately coloured by hand,
2 vols., royal 8vo, 1906, 51. 12s. Qd. Under Lever is
the first edition of ' That Boy of Norcott's,'
1869, 51. 5s. There are also handsome sets of
Le Sage, Rousseau, Ruskin, Scott, and others.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
WILLIAM LOFTIE RUTTON. Just as we go to
press we learn with regret of the death, at 80, of
Mr. William Loftie Rutton, a frequent and
diligent contributor to our columns. The Tenth
Series contains a number of contributions by him
to London topography.
THOMAS FORSTER. By the death of Mr.
Thomas Forster, which took place at his residence,
68, Edinburgh Road, Walthamstow, on the 29th
ult., aged nearly 71, ' N. & Q.' loses a reader of
some 40 years, and an occasional contributor.
Mr. Forster was the eldest son of Mr. John
Forster, of Colchester, and afterwards of Islington.
His great-grandfather was John Forster of
Winteringham, a local poet of some repute, who
died in 1809, and whose poems were published
in two booklets in 1797. He also wrote a narrative
of his own life. Thomas Forster was a life member
of the Essex Archaeological Society, and more
recently a member of the North London Anti-
quarian Society. He was formerly a well-known
bookseller in Colchester, and, apart from a
brief period when he lived in Kennington, passed
the last 10 or 12 years of his life in Walthamstow.
CHAS. HALL CROUCH.
in <E0msp0tttottiB.
J. T. F. (' Villikins and his Dinah '). See 10 Si
iv. 188, 277, 318.
H. B., W.C., and G. W. E. R. Forwarded.
ii s. in. FEB. is, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
121
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY IS, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 60.
NOTES : Warwick Lane and its Historical Associations,
121 Quotations in Jeremy Taylor, 122 Richardson's
Supposed Derbyshire Connexions, 123 Richardson and the
Methodists Sir J. Davies and Francis Bacon, 124 'The
Minor ' and ' The Methodist ' Penn Memorial, St. Mary
Redcliffe, Bristol Domenico Cagnoni Droz's Spectacle
Me"cauique, 125 Sir John Mundy " Too many turnpikes
to pay" "God made the country, and man made the
t own " Coutances, Winchester, and the Channel Islands
Hair Folk-lore in Mexico -Trade-Mark granted by
Letters Patent, 126.
QUERIES : " Phillymaclink" Turner and Peake Families
Richardson's Birth Underground Soho 'Crystals from
Sydenham ' Governors of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea,
127 Walter Haddon W. and G. Ireland Epigram in
Schopenhauer " Let us go hence, my songs "French
Quotation Authors Wanted " When she was good," Ac.
"O dear, my good masters," 128" Cruel of heart were
they" Geneva perfuming the World "Had I Wist,"
Bogy Twenty-Four Acts of Chivalry W. A. Bennett
B. Pring W. M. Tollner Scarborough Spa Murderers
reprieved for Marriage H. Ginger Ibbetson J.
Janeway " No great shakes," 129.
REPLIES : Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke " Tewke,"
"Tuke," 130 "Tertium Quid" "Vail" : its Use by
Scott Hungarian Bibliography" Hie locus odit, amat,"
Ac. Pyrrhus's Toe, 131 T. J. Thackeray Thackeray
and the Stage ' Flying Dutchman '' Death of Capt.
Cook' M. G. Drake -Gataker Prickly Pear, 132- John
de Cosington Guichard d'Angle, 133 D'Israeli of
Dublin " Corbie-steps ", Sweetapple Surname Anne
Boleyn, 134 Watson Family Battle in Lincolnshire, 135
" Goulands " Authors Wanted Lacy as Place-Name,
136 Oundle-Dryden as Place-Name, 137 " Stencil"
Roger Gollop, M. P. Queen's Regiment, 138.
NOTES ON BOOKS :-Verrall on Euripides-' The National
Review.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY: W. L. Rutton.
Notices to Correspondents.
WARWICK LANE
AND ITS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS.
I HAVE not seen the recently published book
by the late Sir Walter Besant called ' London,
the City,' but from the review published in
The Athenceum for 28 January I gather
that, with a few exceptions, it contains
little or no fresh material which might add to
our available knowledge of the history of the
City. As the reviewer says, an opportunity
has been lost, for the City of London is
o interlinked with the history of England
that it affords the best possible groundwork
for instruction in the material facts of that
history. If the London teachers could see
their way to taking their charges on Satur-
day afternoons to those localities which are
! associated with historic events, and giving a
! short sketch of the distinguished characters
who lived in them, it would lend a reality
to their historical studies which mere book-
learning can never afford. If the children are
reading about the Wars of the Roses, for
instance, and are able to pace along the street
in which the " Kingmaker " kept open
house, it will help them to realize, if they are
in the hands of a skilful instructor, that the
Earl was no half -mythical figure, but was as
much alive in his own day as Mr. Asquith or
Mr. Balf our is in ours.
No street is more filled with instruction of
this kind than Warwick Lane. Lying under
the shadow of the great Cathedral, and,
to judge from the ancient name, the site of
the residence of the Dean of that church, it
came in the days of King Edward III.
into the possession of Thomas de Beauchamp,
Earl of Warwick, one of the greatest nobles
of his day, and an original founder of the
Order of the Garter. He died of the
pestilence in 1369, and was succeeded in
the possession of Warwick Inn by his second,
but eldest surviving, son, Thomas, who,
after a chequered career, died in 1401.
He was succeeded by his eldest son Richard,
who died in 1439. His son Henry succeeded
as a boy, but was accorded the highest
honours by King Henry VI., who not only
recognized liim as the Premier Earl of
England, with the special privilege of wearing
a gold circlet, but also created him Duke
of Warwick, and crowned him with his own
hands as King of the Isle of Wight. He
survived the grant of these honours but a
few months, and died in 1445 at the early
age of 22. His widow, the Duchess Cicille of
Stow, resided in the house till 1450, when it
came into the possession of Richard Nevill,
eldest son of Richard, Earl of Salisbury,
through his marriage with Anne Beau-
champ, the sister and eventual heiress of
Henry, Duke of Warwick. He retained it
till his death in 1471, when, with the rest of
the Nevill honours and possessions, it fell
into the hands of his son-in-law, the ill-fated
Clarence. In this house the Kingmaker,
with his 600 retainers clad in red jackets,
embroidered with the badge of Warwick
before and behind, maintained a magnificent
hospitality.
A short walk would bring the party to
Dowgate Hill, on the east side of which,
on ground now covered by Cannon Street
Station, stood a fine old house called the
Erber, or, as we should say in modern
English, the Arbour. This house, formerly
a possession of the Scropes, was afterwards
122
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. FEB. is, 1911.
granted to the Kingmaker's grandfather,
Ralph, Lord Nevill of Raby and Earl of
Westmorland, and was inherited by the
Earl of Warwick. Here his father, the
Earl of Salisbury, lodged with 500 horse-
men in 1458, when the " Congress of Barons "
assembled in London. The varying fortunes
of the Beauchamps and Nevills, two powerful
families that greatly influenced history in the
time of the later Plantagenets, could nowhere
be better illustrated than in the district
bordering the Thames between the Fleet and
the Walbrook. It affords a promising field
for an intelligent teacher with some know-
ledge of history and a gift of exposition.
Another distinguished resident of Warwick
Lane, who is not, I think, mentioned by
topographical writers, was Nicholas Wotton
(ob. 1567), Dean of Canterbury and York,
and Ambassador to Charles V. (Hist. MSS.
Comm., Rep. 9, p. 9 b). His career also
affords interesting points for treatment.
W. F. PRIDEATJX.
QUOTATIONS IN JEREMY TAYLOR.
(See 11 S. i. 466 ; ii. 65.)
A SCHOLAR of distinction who died recently,
being once asked what he thought was the
chief hindrance to the development of the
particular branch of study in which he was
engaged, named a learned, elaborate, and
generally received textbook, on the ground
that its treatment of the subject produced an
erroneous impression that, certainty having
now been attained, no field was open for
further research. In the s&me way there is
sometimes a danger that the standard
edition of an English author may be too
readily regarded by publishers and the
public as exhaustive and final, and the
student, in consequence, discouraged irom
making further investigations.
The edition of Jeremy Taylor in ten
volumes (1847-54) by the Rev. Charles
Page Eden, Fellow of Oriel College, deservedly
figures in booksellers' catalogues as the
*' best edition." In especial, very great
industry was shown by Eden in identifying
his author's numerous citations, in which
part of his task he received considerable
help from the Rev. Alex. Taylor and
the Rev. Edward Marshall, the latter a
contributor for many years to ' N. & Q.'
But it may not be generally recognized
that in many cases their attempts to trace
Taylor's sources proved unsuccessful. The
following are some of the passages in vol. iv.,
" ENIAYTO2. A Course of Sermons for all
the Sundays of the Year," where the notes of
this edition can be supplemented. I have
used the indexes of 1854, which take into
account some corrections introduced in the
latest issue of these volumes.
P. ^52. prj KaQapy yap KaQapov e<a7TTO-#cu
/x?7 ov QtfjLiTov y. These words are certainly
to be found, as Eden points out, in Hierocles's
commentary on the ' Carmina Pythagorica,*
but it is a singular omission not to mention
that they occur originally in Plato, ' Phsedo,*
67 B.
P. 190. " Furorem illnm conviviorum, et
foedissimum patrimoniorum exitium culi-
nam." See Seneca, ' De Beneficiis,' lib. i.
10, 2 : " nunc conviviorum vigebit furor
et foedissimum patrimoniorum exitium,
culina."
P. 195. " They are like the tigers of Brazil,
which when they are empty are bold and
swift and full of sagacity ; but being full,
sneak away from the barking of a village
dog." See ' Purchas his Pilgrimage,' Part I.
(1617), p. 1026, in the account of " Brasil" :
" the Tygre, which being hungry, is verie
hurtfull ; being full, T\ill flee from a Dogge."
P. 200. "Neither will.... the Cisalpine
suckets [" tucets " in 1st ed., according to
Eden's marginal note] or gobbets of condited
bull's-flesh, minister such delicate spirits
to the thinking man." It is surprising that
the reading of the first edition should have
failed to put Eden on the track of this. The
" tucets " are obviously the " tuceta crassa "
of Persius, Sat. ii. 42, included in the extract
from Persius on p. 189 of this volume. The
problem is thus a simple one, and it is easy
to unearth Taylor's source in the Scholiast
on that passage : " Tuceta apud Galloa
Cisalpinos bubula dicitur, condimentis qni-
busdam crassis oblita, ac macerata " (I
quote from Casaubon's ed. of Persius, 1605,
where " tucceta " is spelt with one c).
P. 222. " Marcus Aurelius said, that ' a
wise man ought often to admonish his wife,
to reprove her seldom, but never to lay his
hands upon her.' " See Antonio Guevara's
' Marco Aurelio con el Relox de Principes,'
Book II. chapter 21. "The sixteenth
century knew no more popular book, no
more potent influence, than ' The Diall of
Princes,' translated from Guevara by Thomas
North (1557)." C. Whibley in" ' Camb.
Hist, of Eng. Lit.,' vol. iv. p. 9.
P. 258. " I remember that in the apologues
of Phaedrus it is told concerning an ill-
natured fellow. . . ." For this curious story
see ' Gesta Romanorum,' No. 157 ; and
Oester ley's edition for a long list of places
where it occurs in one shape or another.
ii s. in. FEB. 18, mi.]! NOTES AND QUERIES.
123
P. 259. " Qua3 fuerat fabula poena fuit."
Martial, ' Lib. Spectae./ vii. 12.
P. 263. " When the Boeotians asked the
oracle by what they should become happy,
the answer was made, 'Ao^/S^o-arras ev
Trpaf av, ' wicked and irreligious persons are
prosperous ' : and they taking the devil at
his word, threw the inspired Pythian, the
ministering witch, into the sea," &c. See
Zenobius, cent. ii. 84 ; Leutsch and Schnei-
dewin, * Paroemiographi Grseci,' torn. i. p. 53.
Taylor may have read it in Schott's
* Adagia sive Proverbia Graecorum ex
Zenobio seu Zenodoto,' &c. (Antwerp, 1612).
P. 349. " Quisquis magna dedit, voluit
sibi magna rependi." See Martial, v. 59, 3.
" Rependi " should be " remitti."
EDWABD BENSLY.
SAMUEL RICHARDSON'S SUPPOSED
DERBYSHIRE CONNEXIONS.
(See 10 S. ix. 261.)
NEARLY three years ago I considered it
necessary, for the sake of historical truth,
to traverse in the pages of * N. & Q.' a claim
advanced by Dr. Cox to kinship with the
author of 'Clarissa.' After showing the
impossibility of the Richardsons of Derby,
from whom Dr. Cox is descended, having
been related to the novelist in the way he
claimed, and the lack of evidence in favour
even of remote relationship between the two
Richardson families, I proceeded to discuss
Dr. Cox's attempt to fix Smalley as the
probable place of the novelist's birth, and of
his education at the " private grammar
school in Derbyshire " where he acquired
" only common school learning." I re-
marked that " Richardson may have been
born at or near Smalley he may have been
educated at Smalley but there is not the
slightest evidence of it."
I must blame myself for having overlooked
a reference which would, I think, have
enabled me more positively to rebut the
second part of Dr. Cox's conjecture. To the
* Victoria County History of Derbyshire '
(vol. ii., 1907), a work which owes much to
Dr. Cox's unique knowledge of the county
records, Mr. A. F. Leach contributes an
account of the elementary schools founded
before 1800. From this it appears (p. 276)
that, by deed dated 19 March, 1712, John and
Samuel Richardson settled lands on trust
that, after the death of the survivor of
them, the trustees should build a school-
house at Smalley and pay 10Z. yearly to a
schoolmaster for teaching twelve poor boyfi
to read, write, cast accounts, or the rules-
of grammar, or other school learning. The
school, Mr. Leach says, was built in 1721.
If this was the school which Dr. Cox had in
his mind, we must dismiss the possibility of
his suggestion being correct, for it is clear
that the novelist, born about 1689, could
not have been ducated there. The will of
Samuel Richardson of Smalley, abstracted
in a, foot-note to my article (10 S. ix. 262),
was not proved until 7 April, 1719, when his
brother John was still alive.
The following marriages, culled from
Phillimore's ' Derbyshire Parish Registers,'
probably relate to families mentioned in my
article :
Vol. IV. St. Alkmund's, Derby.
Mr. John Cantrell, of this p., and Mrs. Mary
Richardson, of Foremark Park, at Twyford
Church, by his brother, Mr. Cantrell, lie. 15 Mar.,.
1715/16. P. 18.
Joseph Rushby, of St. Peter's, and Anne
Richardson, of Foremark. 22 Feb., 1722/3.
P. 22.
Vol. V. St. Michael's, Derby.
Raph Richardson and Sara Lancaster. 14 Jan..
1644/5. P. 62.
George Richardson, p. All Saints', merchant,
and Emma Griffith. 29 Dec., 1812. P. 110.
Vol. V. West Hallam.
Mr. John Hieron, of Little Eaton, and Mrs.
Martha Richardson. 27 Mar., 1711. P. 125.
Vol. VI. St. Peter's, Derby.
William Richardson, p. All Saints', and Hannah^
Hunt, lie. 25 Apl., 1769. P. 63.
The following further marriages, from the
same source, may also be placed among
these notes, for the convenience of future
inquirers into the pedigrees of Derby
Richardsons :
Vol. II. Brailsford.
Joseph Ault, of this par., and Jane Richardson,
p. of St. Werburgh's. Derby, lie. 21 April, 1758..
P. 12.
Thomas Richardson, p. of St. Alkmund's,
Derby, and Mary Ault, lie. 8 Sept., 1760. P. 12.
Vol. IV. St. Alkmund's, Derby.
Mr. William Yates, p. of St. Werburgh's, and
Mary Richardson, of Willington, lie. 19 Feb.,
1716/17. P. 18.
Vol. VI. St. Peter's, Derby.
John Taylour and Margaret Richardson. 16
July, 1723. P. 45.
Christopher Richardson and Hannah Warren.
6 Nov., 1764. P. 60.
From The Reliquary, vol. xi. p. 140, I
learn that " Mary, wife of Mr. Richardson of
Smalley," was buried at St. Alkmund's,
Derby, on 18 September, 1669. This is the
only bit of evidence known to me which
gives any support to Dr. Cox's idea that his
ancestors belonged to the Smalley family.
124
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. HI. FEB. is, 1911.
In The European Magazine for August
1789 (partii. p. 149), is recorded the marriage
of "Mr. Henry Richardson, jun., of Derby
to Miss Gould, daughter of the late Johr
Gould, Esq., of Macclesfield." No date is
given.
The Rev. Ralph Price (1715-79) married
Sarah, dau. and coheir of Richard Richard
on of Smalley, on 18 Feb., 1739, and was
father of Sir Charles Price, 1st Bt. -See
Burke's * Peerage ' under ' Rugge-Price.'
ALEYN LYELL, READE.
Park Corner, Blundellsands, near Liverpool.
SAMUEL RICHARDSON AND THE METHOD-
ISTS. In the ' History of Sir Charles
Grandison ' Richardson avoided calling his
^works novels there are several interesting
references to the rising sect of the Method-
ists, who are, however, not mentioned at
all in either ' Pamela ' or ' Clarissa Har-
lowe.' During the fourteen years between
the publication of Richardson's first and
last novel (1740-54) the Methodists had
greatly increased in importance, a fact
-which explains their frequent mention in
' Sir Charles Grandison.'
In the letters of Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu a similar change of attitude may
be noted. On 15 February, 1741, she writes :
" The news I have heard from London is,
Lady Mary Hastings having disposed of herself
to a poor wandering Methodist." ' Letters,'
vol. ii. p. 88, ed. 1893.
Eighteen years later (19 July, 1759)
Lady Mary refers to the Methodists in a
more friendly and sympathetic way :
" No mountain girl ever trembled more at one
of Whitfield's pathetic lectures than I do at the
word ' blindness.' " /&., ii, p. 362.
The references in 'Sir Charles Grandison '
to the Methodists are always in accordance
with the characters of the persons in the
novel. Lady G (Charlotte Grandison) is
well disposed towards them, as may be seen
in the way she writes about the newly
converted Mrs. O'Hara, the mother of
Emily Jervois :
" By the way, do you know that Mrs. O'Hara
is turned Methodist ? True as you are alive.
And she labours hard to convert her husband
(Major O'Hara). Thank God she is anything that
is serious ! These people have really great merit
with me, in her conversion. I am sorry that our
own clergy are not so zealously in earnest as they.
They have, really, my dear, if we may believe
aunt Eleanor, given a face of religion to subter-
ranean colliers, tinners, and the most profligate of
men, who hardly ever before heard of the word,
or thing. But I am not turning Methodist,
Harriet. No, you will not suspect me." ' Sir
Charles Grandison,' vol. vi. p. 3, ed. 1902.
Lady G refers again to Mrs. O'Hara' s
conversion by the Methodists (ib,, vi. 150).
She also mentions in a letter that her maiden
aunt Eleanor has become a Methodist :
"Do you know that the good creature was a
Methodist in Yorkshire ? "Ib., v., 59.
Mr. Selby is prejudiced against the
Methodists :
" The Methodists, Sir Charles, what think you
of Methodists ? Say you love them ; and, and,
and, adds-dines, you shall not be my nephew."
Ib., vi. 190.
' Sir Charles Grandison * contains much
about the trading classes of London, and
is not so restricted to country life and
English country people as ' Pamela,' ard
to a lesser extent ' Clarissa Harlowe.'
Much that is interesting about ' Sir Charles
Grandison ' may be found in an excellent
work by a Dutch scholar, Jan ten Brink,
' De Roman in Brieven, 1740-1840.'
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
SIR JOHN DAVIES AND FRANCIS BACON.
Sir John Davies in his 'Nosce Teipsum'
(1599) writes:
Although they say, " Come let us eat and drinke";
Our life is but a sparke, which quickly dies ;
Though thus they say, they know not what tc
think,
But in their minds ten thousand doubts arise.
Therefore no heretikes desire to spread
Their light opinions, like these Epicures ;
For so the staggering thoughts are comforted,
And other men's assent their doubt assures.
Yet though these men against their conscience
strive,
There are some sparkles in their flintie breasts
Which cannot be extinct, but still revive ;
That though they would, they cannot quite be
beasts.
These verses of an Irish Attorney-General
are neatly paraphrased by the English
Solicitor-General, who published in 1612 an
essay containing the following words :
" It appeareth in nothing more, that atheisme
s rather in the lip, then in the heart of man,
hen by this ; that atheists will ever be talking
if that their opinion, as if they fainted in it,
vithin themselves, and would be glad to be
trengthned, by the consent of others : Nay
more, you shall have atheists strive to get dis-
iples as it fareth with other sects .... Epicurus is
harged. . . .They that deny a God, destroy man's
nobility : For certainly, man is of kinne to the
Beasts, by his body ; and if he be not of kinne to
God, by his spirit, ho is a base and ignoble creature."
Bacon, Essay XVI.
have both Davies and Bacon drawn their
nspiration from a common fount ?
P. A. McELWAINE.
Dublin.
11 S. III. FEB. 18, 1911.;
NOTES AND QUERIES.
125
' THE MINOR ' AND ' THE METHODIST.'
Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, in his recent biography
of Samuel Foote (pp. 187-8), in discussing
' The Minor,' repeats the oft-repeated story
of the Archbishop of Canterbury and his
connexion with that farce, as follows :
" Not unnaturally, it went round that he
[Foote] had offered to submit the piece to the
Archbishop of Canterbury's perusal. On. the
instant it was humorously forecasted that Foote
would gravely issue an announcement that it had
been revised *by his Grace the Archbishop, who
would thus be accountable for Mother Cole and
other enormities. His Grace was shrewd enough
not to fall into the trap, as it was considered to be.
Foote's jest on the Archbishop of Canterbury
was well founded, for he strove hard to prevent
the piece," &c.
To this perfectly clear recital of well-
known facts the biographer appends the
following mystifying foot-note :
" I confess that I cannot see the point of Foote's
jest of opposing ' Tom Cant.' by ' Tarn Cant.'
What was ' Tarn Cant ' ? "
Yet it will be seen that " Foote's jest on
the Archbishop of Canterbury was well
founded."
If Mr. Fitzgerald had made a careful
examination of his own reference, he would
have been " shrewd enough not to fall into
the trap." In a letter dated 24 November,
1760, to George Montagu, Horace Walpole
refers to the attempt by the Archbishop
of Canterbury to prevent the licensing of
' The Minor.' The letter closes with,
" Foote says he will take out a licence to
preach, Sam. Cant against Tom Cant." It
would seem hardly necessary to point out
that, at that time, Thomas Seeker was Arch-
bishop of Canterbury and that the pun
is on the abbreviation " Cant."
Oddly enough, John Former (' Historical
and Biographical Essays,' p. 373) makes
exactly the same mistake as Mr. Fitzgerald ;
but, in his case, it would seem that it was a
typographical error.
By a curious slip on my part, the whole
point of my note respecting the authorship
of 'The Methodist' (see US. ii. 526) has
been lost. In the last line for ' The Method-
ist ' read ' The Minor.'
WATSON NICHOLSON.
Authors' Club, S.W.
PENN MEMORIAL, ST. MARY REDCUFFE,
BRISTOL. L. M. R. is wrong in assuming
(ante, p. 58) that this inscription has not
appeared in any printed book. So early
as 1861 it was printed in George Pryee's
' Popular History of Bristol,' and I dare say
it is in other local books, for naturally a
great deal of matter has been printed about
Admiral Penn and the famous church.
Mr. Pryce's work is distinguished by the
number of copies of memorial inscriptions
and epitaphs it contains. I do not think
Canon Maud, the present Vicar of St. Mary
Redcliffe, would object to the churchyard
inscriptions being copied by any respon-
sible person for the excellent purpose indi-
cated by L. M. R. St. Mary's is such an
important church in all respects that several
monographs have been written upon it by
local historians, but it has not yet been
included in Bell's admirable series o
cathedrals, abbeys, &c., I believe.
CHARLES WELLS.
134, Cromwell Road, Bristol.
DOMENICO CAGNONI. This prolific en-
graver, dismissed in the new edition of
Bryan's ' Dictionary ' with four lines as an
engraver of " little celebrity," is the subject
of an exhaustive article, with many illustra-
tions, in II Libro e la Stampa, July-December,
1909, pp. 107-24. In the course of the
article it is stated :
" Quest' artista veramente geniale, la cui vita,
ci e nota soltanto in poca parte, e del quale ignori-
amo cosl la data di nascita come quella di morte,.
aveva senza fallo derivata dalla scuola veneziana,.
onde proviene, quella delicatezza di disegno,.
quella precisione di tratti, quella blanda venusta di
forma, delle quali ha dato cospicui saggi nella
sua ricca e svariatissima produzione, che dal
1754 giunge, non mai interrotta, sino al 1796."
According to a foot-note, there is no doubt
that Cagnoni died at Milan in 1796, " ma la
data esatta manca." His elder son Gaspare
finished the work begun by his father. The
titles of 75 books illustrated by Cagnoni are
given in the bibliography. W. ROBERTS.
JAQTJET DROZ'S SPECTACLE MECANIQUE.
(See 10 S. vi. 388, 495.) The following
advertisements appeared in The Public
Advertiser during 1776 :
Wednesday, 21 February :
At the Great Room, No. 6, King Street,
Co vent Garden, to be seen this day,
Spectacle Mecanique
Or, Mechanical Exhibition, From Switzerland.
Nature in this exhibition is rivalled by Art; one
figure writes whatever is dictated to it, another
draws and finishes in a masterly Manner several
curious designs ; another plays divers Airs on the
Harpsichorde. There is also a Pastoral Scene, in
which is introduced a great Number of Figures : the
Trees blossom and bear fruit, the Sheep bleat, the
Dog barks, and the Birds sing ; each so distinctly
imitating Nature that they exceed every account
that can be given of them, not only for the Variety
but for the Exactness ot their different Operations.
126
NOTES AND QUERIES. [u s. in. FEB. is, 1911.
Their Mechanism surpasses everything that has
ever appeared, insomuch that it may be strictly said
that they will speak for themselves
2. Friday, 12 April :
Mr. Jaquet Droz's Mechanical Exhibition is to be
seen daily, Saturdays and Sundays excepted,
between the hours of Twelve and Three in the Day,
and between Seven and Ten in the Evening, at his
Room, No. 6, in King Street, Co vent Garden. It con-
sists of a Variety of Automatons, particularly one
Figure that Draws with Accuracy and Correctness
clivers Subjects, particularly the Portrait of the
King and Queen, esteemed a very strong Likeness ;
another writes any words dictated by the Company.
There is also a Pastoral piece, consisting of a great
Variety of Figures
Admittance Five Shillings.
3. Monday, 25 November :
Mr. Jaconet Droz's Mechanical Exhibition is now
opened at No. 6, in King Street, Covent Garden
It consists of various Automatic Figures, resembling
Nature in all their Attitudes, Motions, and Opera-
tions in a surprising Manner. Many pieces are
added this Season which were never exhibited
before
If one or two persons should chuse an Exhibition
for themselves, they may have it for a Guinea.
N.B. Mr. Jaquet Droz has constructed Hands for
a Person born with Stumps only. They are con-
trived in such a Manner, that, from the Strength
as well as the Flexibility of the various joints, he
can use the Knife or Fork or manage the Reins in
riding or driving, and even write with great Free-
dom. Mr. Jaquet Droz natters himself that he can
very materially assist many Persons who have lost
any of their Limbs or are lame from Weakness in
their Joints.
HORACE BLEACKLEY.
SIR JOHN MUNDY. MB. P. D. MUNDY
states at 11 S. i. 403 that Sir John Mundy,
Mayor of London, was knighted in 1529.
The true date is 1523, as given in my ' Alder-
men of London,' p. 47. He is described as
"Miles" in the lists of Aldermen present
21 Sept., 1523, 21 Sept., 1524, and 5 Oct., 1526.
Like other Mayors of that period, he was
knighted during his year of office. There is
an earlier date than any of the above in
which he appears as a knight in the City
records, viz., 12 March, 1522/3 (Letter-Book
1ST, fo. 225). ALFRED B.'BEAVEN.
Leamington.
" TOO MANY TURNPIKES TO PAY.?' This
phrase, meaning too many bribes to pay,
too many "guinea-pigs" to pay, or ex-
actions in the way of fees, occurs and
perhaps it is a noteworthy early instance
in The WhiteTiall Evening Post, 7 October,
1756 :
" Our Enemies have hitherto got the Start of us
notwithstanding the large Sums that have been
chearfully given for our Defence. A serious Quaker
has said with a Sneer, that a round Sum was voted
last Year for the publick Good ; but that the Cash
being handed from Timothy to Titus, and there
being many Turnpikes to pay, he despairs to see a
fair mercantile account how, when, and where the
Money was issued, and a just Balance settled. The
Audience were all struck dumb, except a noted
Stockjobber, who immediately ask'd, When shall
we have another Lottery ? "
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
" GOD MADE THE COUNTRY, AND MAN MADE
THE TOWN." An exact equivalent of this
line of Cowper's (' Task,' i. 749) occurs in
Varro (' R. R.,' iii. 1, 3). from whom Cowper
may have derived the thought : " Divina
natura dedit agros, ars humana, aedificavit
urbes." ALEX. LEEPER.
Trinity College, University of Melbourne.
COUTANCES, WINCHESTER, AND THE CHAN-
NEL ISLANDS. It may perhaps be permissible
to add to the facts collected at 10 S. ii. 68,
154, 231 ; iii. 154, that Dr. Gairdner on
p. 306 of vol. i. of his ' Lollardy and the Re-
formation in England ' has shown that in
1542 the Bishop of Coutances was attempting
to exercise spiritual jurisdiction in the
Channel Islands in the name of the " Bishop
of Rome," and that Henry VIII. acknow-
ledged his jurisdiction, though not that of the
" Bishop of Rome."
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
HAIR FOLK-LORE IN MEXICO. The Tara-
humare folk have many superstitions. One
of them is illustrated by Carl Lumholtz in
his ' Unknown Mexico ' (vol. i. p. 235). He
relates that
" A shaman once cut his hair short to get new
thoughts with the new hair, and while it was
growing he kept his head tied up in a piece of
cotton cloth to keep his thoughts from escaping."
L. S. M.
TRADE - MARK GRANTED BY LETTERS
PATENT. Those of your readers who take an
interest in the history of trade and manu-
factures will perhaps be glad to have their
attention directed to a case where a patent
for an invention contained in addition the
grant of a trade-mark to protect the goods
made under the patent.
On 17 December, 1631, a patent was
granted to Sir William Russell, Sir Basil
Brooke, Sir Richard Weston, and many
others for making soap, and the patentees
were allowed the exclusive use of a device
consisting of a rose and crown, which w r as to
be stamped on the hard soap made by them,
and used for marking the receptacles in
which soft soap was packed. This is the
ii s. in. FEB. is, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
only instance that I have met with of the
grant of a trade -mark by letters patent
under the Great Seal. This patent is not
included in the Commissioners of Patents
printed series. The official reference to the
enrolment is Patent Roll (Chancery),
7 Charles I. Part 10, No. 2. R. B. P.
WE must request corresp9iidents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
" PHILLYMACLINK," The sobriquet
*' Phillymaclink," given by New Yorkers
to the city of Philadelphia, is vouched for as
far back as 1852 by the Librarian of the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, who
went to Nazareth Hall School that year.
At the school the New York boys called the
Philadelphians " Phillymaclinkers." Can
any one antedate this ?
ALBERT J. EDMUNDS.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
TURNER AND PEAKE FAMILIES. The
register of St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, London,
vol. ii., Marriages (Harl. Soc., 1910), con-
tains on p. 327 this item : " 1727, April 2.
William Turner, of St. Saviour, Southwark,
Surrey, and Sibylla Peake, of the same."
The registers of St. Saviour or of St. Olave,
Southwark, if printed, are not in the Chicago
libraries. I am interested in learning
whether this William Turner died before
1740, whether he and his wife Sibylla had
any daughters, and whether the wife Sibylla
remarried before 1740.
EUGENE F. McPiKE.
1, Park Row, Chicago.
SAMUEL RICHARDSON'S BIRTH. Mr. Aus-
tin Dobson in his ' Life of Richardson '
published in 1902 says that the place in
Derbyshire where Richardson was born is not
known. The month and day of Richard-
son's birth also do not seem to be known.
It would be interesting to hear whether
anything has been found out on these points
since 1902. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
[See ante, p. 123.]
UNDERGROUND SOHO. Can any of your
readers tell me the history of the old
underground passage which runs from the
house occupied by Mr. Thornton Smith,
furniture dealer, 11, Soho Square, the whole
length of the Square, and out into the yard of
Crosse & Blackwell in Falconberg Mews ?
There was a year ago an old iron door, if I
remember aright, at the exit in Falconberg
Mews ; but this seems recently to have been
j removed. At the other end, in Mr. Thornton
' Smith's house in Soho Square, there is a
I doorway, and from some of the windows of
the house you can trace the line of the
passage in parts. Has this passage any
history ? There is a tradition that Lord
Lovat, who was executed after the Rebellion
of 1745, hid in this passage ; but Lord
| Lovat was not captured in London at all.
There is another spot in Soho with a
mystery which I should like to fathom. This
is the William and Mary Passage off Wardour
Street. Here you have endless under-
ground cellars of a great wine merchant,
but it is said that down this passage and in a
portion of these cellars William III. had his
stables. CLEMENT K. SHORTER.
1 CRYSTALS FROM SYDENHAM.' Who was
the author of ' Crystals from Sydenham,'
published in 1855 to commemorate the open-
ing of the Crystal Palace ? It is a very clever
little book, with imitations not parodies
of the leading writers of the time : Tenny-
son, Macaulay, Tupper, Kingsley, &c. It
is now very scarce. H. N. ELLACOMBE.
Bitton Vicarage, Bristol.
GOVERNORS OF THE ROYAL HOSPITAL,
CHELSEA. I should be glad if any of your
readers could kindly inform me whether
there are in existence portraits of the under-
mentioned officers who held the post of
Governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea ;
if so, where the portraits are preserved,
and whether they are paintings, engravings,
miniatures, or book-plates.
1. Col. Sir Thomas Ogle, Kt. Served in
H.M. Holland Regiment of Foot. Governor
of Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 1 November,
1686, till his death in November, 1702.
His son Thomas Ogle married Lady Henrietta
Bruce, daughter of Robert, 2nd Earl of
Elgin and 1st Earl of Ailesbury.
2. Col. John Hales. Served in Holland,
and wounded at battle of St. Denis, 14
August, 1678, when Major in what is now
the Northumberland Fusiliers (5th Foot).
Governor of Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 17
November, 1702, to 1714.
3. Brigadier Thomas Stanwix, M.P. for
Carlisle, Newport and Yarmouth, I.W.
Colonel of the 30th Foot and 12th Foot.
Governor (or Commandant) of Gibraltar,
1711-13. Governor of Royal Hospital,
128
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. is, 1911.
Chelsea, January, 1714/15, to 1720.
Governor of Kingston-on-Hull, 1722. Died
14 March, 1725.
4. General William Evans. Served in
1st Foot Guards : twice wounded at siege of
Namur. Colonel afterwards of Regiment of
Dragoons (now 4th Hussars). Wounded at
Dunblane in Rebellion of 171516. Governor
of Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 1722 to 1740.
Also at one time held the appointments of
Surveyor of the Meltings and Clerk of the
Irons in the Mint. Died 29 January, 1740.
By will left pictures to the Earl of Grantham.
There are no pictures of the above-
mentioned officers at the Royal Hospital,
Chelsea. W. H. W.
WALTER HADDON. In Munday's edition
of Stow's ' Survey ' is printed a ten-line
Latin verse setting forth the six considera-
tions to be borne in mind by those desirous
of leading an exemplary career. The verse
in question is stated to have formed one of
the inscriptions in the old church of SS. Anne
and Agnes, but does not occur in conjunction
with any recorded interment, and no date is
specified. The name of the author is given
as "Gualterus Haddonus," however. Who
was he ? WILLIAM McMuRRAY.
W. AND G. IRELAND. Can any reader
inform me if W. Ireland of Sebbon's Build-
ings, Islington, and G. Ireland of Barnsbury
Place, Islington, were related to the notorious
W. H. Ireland ? Their date is circa 1827.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
EPIGRAM IN SCHOPENHAUER. I shall be
glad if anyone will favour me with an
English rendering of the following epigram,
which is quoted in Schopenhauer's essay
' On Reading and Books ' :
Leset fleizig die Alten, die wahren eigentlich Alten
Was die Neuen da von sagen bedeutet nicht viel.
W. H. C.
. " LET us GO HENCE, MY SONG'S." I shall
be glad to know where I can renew my
acquaintance with a poem commencing
Let us go hence, my songs, let us go hence.
Mr Owen Seaman used the form of the lyric
as a base for a poem in Punch of 3 August
last, but I have failed to find a reference
in numerous Dictionaries of Quotations I
have consulted. A small fragment still
clings to my memory :
Yea, though we sang like angels in her ear
bhe will not hear.
J. H. K.
FRENCH QUOTATION. The maxim, " On
cause mieux quand on ne dit pas, causons,"
occurs in Keats's ' Letters,' vol. i. p. 68
(Buxton Forman's cheap edition, 1901).
Whence comes it ? I do not find it in
the ' Dictionary of Quotations (French) ' by
T. B. Harbottle and P. H. Dalbiac (Sonnen-
schein, 1908). NEL MEZZO.
AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED. The
following lines are quoted in Miss Gordon
Cumming's * Two Years in Ceylon,' vol. ii.
p. 146. I should be glad to know the
author, and the poem from which they are
extracted :
Not 'neath the domes where crumbling arch and
column
Attest the feebleness of mortal hand,
But in that fane most catholic and solemn
Which God hath planned
In that cathedral, boundless as our wonder,
Whose quenchless lamps the sun and moon supply.
Its choirs the winds and waves, its organ thunder,
Its dome the sky.
I quote from memory, perhaps not quite
correctly. CHAS. LAISHLEY.
Wellington, N.Z.
Close following Love into my house
Crept Pain and pale-faced Fear ;
Now are they welcome grown, and dear,
For, at their passing, Love herself had flown.
W. V. COLE.
On a Liskeard borough loving-cup of
1681 is
Qui fallit in poculis fallit in omnibus.
Whence comes it ? YGREC.
" WHEN SHE WAS GOOD," &c. Is the
author known of the lines,
There was a little girl,
And she had a little curl,
Bight in the middle of her forehead.
When she was good
She was very, very good,
But when she was bad, she was horrid !
They have been attributed to Longfellow.
J. T. F.
Durham.
[At 10 S. ii. 528 it was suggested that Thomas
Bailey Aid rich was the author.]
" O DEAR, MY GOOD MASTERS." Can any
one communicate to me a ballad of which
the following are the first four lines ? They
were told me by an old man who has been
Long dead :
dear, my good masters, pray what shall we do,
In this year sixteen hundred and seventy-two ?
For since Queen Elizabeth mounted the throne,
Sure, times like the present scarce ever were known.
ii s. m. FEB. is, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
He said they were all he knew, but the persor
who repeated them to him had told him tha
they related to an abnormally severe winte
of the date given.
These lines seem to have been compose<
by some one who knew nothing of the grea
snow of 1614, recently mentioned in these
pages. ASTARTE.
" CRUEL OF HEART WERE THEY, BLOODY
OF HAND." Amongst the still untracec
quotations in Wordsworth's text is the line
given above, which occurs in the ' Stanzas
St. Bees,' No. XI. of the ' Itinerary Poems of
1833,' 1. 37. Can this be an adaptation of
or dimly remembered quotation from
Scott's * Talisman,' chap, xviii., where the
Hermit of Engaddi says to Coeur de Lion
" Thou art proud of heart, loose of life,
bloody of hand" ? R. A. POTTS.
GENEVA PERFUMING THE WORLD. Who
wrote that the city of Geneva was " Le grain
de muse qui parfume le monde " ?
DAVID HUTCHESON.
Washington, B.C.
" HAD I WIST," ANGLO-SAXON BOGY.
Can any of your readers inform me of the
name of an Anglo-Saxon fairy-tale in which
the name of the bogy is " Had I wist " ?
C. R. C. HOLT.
Oxford.
THE TWENTY-FOUR ACTS OF CHIVALRY.
In that interesting publication of 1910 on
genealogical subjects, the ' Llyfer Baglan '
(1600-1607), transcribed by Bradney, there
is on p. 57 the following quaint reference :
" John Pye of the Mynde [Much Dewchurch, Here-
fordshire], son of Jo n pye, seconde sone of Jo n pye
of Sadlebowe, Esq. married 3. wiefes ; his first wief
was Anne, da. to S r Richard Delabyre, Knight ; his
seconde wief was Anne Brigees ; and his third wief
was alrothes, da. to Sir Robert Whitney, Lord of
Whitney. Hee had bye theme 42. childrene, and
hee had bye Concupines 22 childrene ; Soe that in
all hee had 64 childrene, as hitt appeareth upon his
towmbe in the Churche of muchdewechurche. The
said John Pye was ate Rome, ate Jerusalem, and
ate the sepulcher of Christ. Hee did the 24 actes
of Chilvalrye, w'ch fewe men could do theme all."
Can any reader of * N. & Q.' enumerate and
describe the " 24 actes of Chilvalrye " here
referred to ? Kindly state authorities.
ALAN STEPNEY-GULSTON.
Derwydd, Llandebie.
W. A. BENNETT, ESQ., was a member of
the M.C.C. about 1850, and afterwards lived
at Cheltenham. Wanted his full name,
residence, and dates of birth and death.
P. L.
B. PRING of Bristol, merchant, living 1840-
1850, was a well-known patron of cricket.
Wanted his full name, residence, and dates
of birth and death. P. L.
W. M. TOLLNER of Cheam, Esq., living
1840-50, was another well-known patron of
cricket. Wanted hie full name, residence,
and dates of birth and death. P. L.
SCARBOROUGH SPA. When was the term
" Spa " earliest associated with Scarborough?
I find it in a letter of Col. Fairfax to General
Monk, dated from Kingston-upon-Hull,
II May, 1660, and therefore only a few days
before the Restoration. Fairfax incidentally
remarks :
" I have never been a stonecast from the works
here, not having my [? any] warrant from you,
save for a journey at the season of the year to
Scarborough Spa." Historical MSS. Commission,
1 Report on the Manuscripts of F. W. Leyborne-
Popham,' p. 182.
ALFRED F. ROBBINS.
MURDERERS REPRIEVED FOR MARRIAGE.
Can any of your readers refer me to early
accounts of a certain town where murderers
were reprieved by custom, on an offer oi
marriage from any woman ? This is the
subject of an Elizabethan ballad at the
Society of Antiquaries. F. O. M.
HENRY GINGER was admitted to West-
minster School, 12 January, 1778. I should
glad to obtain particulars of his career and
the date of his death. In all probability he
vas a son of William Ginger, bookseller
,o Westminster School, who died 10 Febru-
iry, 1803 (see 11 S. i. 425, 491).
G. F. R. B.
IBBETSON. Samuel Ibbetson was ad-
mitted to Westminster School in 1717,
kged 14, and Henry Ibbetson in 1732, aged
4. I should be glad to obtain any informa-
ion concerning them. G. F. R. B.
JAMES JANEWAY was admitted to West-
ninster School in October, 1722, aged 10.
should be glad of information about him.
G. F. R. B.
" No GREAT SHAKES." When and where
lid this phrase originate, and what was its
irst application ? HORACE BLEACKLEY.
earned chat. ' The next is from Byron s letter to
lurray of 28 September, 1820: "I had my hands
VJl UH t&y \Jl A-iJ kJ^pl/^*" 1 W^A 9 j.^ v * j
ull, and my head too just then, so it can be no
130
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. m. FEB. is, mi.
Htpltas.
SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE.
(US. iii. 81.)
I MAY perhaps be allowed to amplify a
little the very interesting obituary notice
written by MB. JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS.
He remarks that " it is curious that it should
have been thought that he [Dilke] lacked
a sense of humour." I quite agree with MB.
FBANCIS that this is a mistake. Though I
cannot claim to have been intimate with
Sir Charles, I knew him for a good many
years. One day in the smoking-room at the
House of Commons some four or five of us, he
being one, were talking about such few witty
men as there were in the House. I remember
that Dilke said : "I dare say you fellows will
be surprised when I tell you who, in my
opinion, is the wittiest man in the House
Rasch." This was said probably about
eight years ago.
I am not sure that I quite agreed with
Dilke, but certainly Sir Carne Rasch was,
at the least, one of the wittiest. His wit
was subtle and dry, and his speeches, always
very short, were delivered without nourish
and with hardly a vestige of a smile ; but I
think that he could put as much caustic
into a few words as any man whom I ever
heard. Most certainly Dilke had a real
sense of humour in this appreciation.
Being very industrious, he was an encyclo-
paedia as to the current business of the House
of Commons. It naturally happened to me
pretty often to receive a letter from a con-
stituent inquiring about such and such a
Bill, and asking questions thereon. I regret
to say that it sometimes happened that I
had never heard, or seen, anything of the
Bill excepting possibly the title. If I was
fortunate enough to meet with Dilke, I
used to tell him of the inquiry and ask for
information. I do not think that I was ever
disappointed. He would tell me what the
Bill was about and its objects. In answer
to my question, " Well, what am I to say ? "
he would reply (I was on the other side of
the House), " From your point of view you
should say " so-and-so and so-and-so.
A good many years ago I received from a
man living at Limasol, Cyprus, who had,
or thought he had, a grievance, a terribly
long letter written in Greek. I forget whether
it was written to Dilke or to me. At all
events, there was a request, perhaps in a
covering letter written by some one in
English, that I should lay the letter before
Dilke (AtA^i;). I either did so or told him
of it. It was not the first communication
which he had had from the aggrieved man.
He said : " Write to him and tell him to
write a short letter, and to get some one to
translate it into English before he sends it."
" But," said I, " the man can't write a short
letter." Dilke replied : "Of course, I know
he can't that's my artfulness." Surely
here was no lack of humour.
I have a memory of a dinner-party at the
Garrick Club given by our late 'editor Joseph
Knight, "bon chivaler preu et vaillant."
Dilke was there, and was one of the stars of
a delightful evening. When he chose to
dismiss business from his mind, as to which
he was very serious, he was an admirable
talker. ROBEBT PIEBPOINT.
"TEWKE," " TUKE " (11 S. iii. 87).
I think that this word is perhaps identical
with obsolete French " teuque, tuque, awn-
ing," though I can quote no example of the
latter that is not considerably later than the
English word. Jal (' Glossaire Nautique')
gives the forms ten (1667), teugue (1687),
tugue, tuque (1671). The original meaning,
according to Jal, is " awning," but the name,
is applied later to various deck-houses.
Falconer ('Marine Dictionary,' 1771) gives
teugue and tugue, but without explanation.
Lescallier (' Vocabulaire des Termes de
Marine,' 1777) has " tugue, the poop of a
frigate, an accomodation at the stern of
French frigates on the quarter-deck, con-
taining two cabbins for the captain and the
first lieutenant," and " toile de tugue, a
canvas covering for the poop of a frigate."
Boyer (' French-Eng. Diet.,' 1702) has
" tuque, a tarpaulin, or tarpawling," which is
reproduced by Ludwig (' Eng.-French-Ger.
Diet.,' 1706). It is also in Littr6, but
merely copied from Jal.
The earliest dictionary example I have
found is in Miege (1688) :
" Tuque, c'est ainsi qu'on appelle une espece
de faux tillac, ou de couverte, qu'on fait de
caillebotis ou de simples barreaux ; et qu'on
eleve au devant de la dunette sur quatre ou six
piliers, pour se mettre a 1'abri du soleil et de la
pluie."
This is probably copied, like the rest of
Miege, from Richelet (1680).
Furetiere (1727) gives the variant tuque
and a similar explanation ; he also notes that
" les tugues de charpente sont deffendues,
parce qu'elles rendent le vaisseau trop pesant,
au lieu de quoy on se sert de tentes," which
n s. m. FEB. is, iQii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
is additional evidence that the original
tuque was a simple awning, or the " canopy
of tewke " of SIB JAMES MUBBAY'S quota-
tion (1552-3). There is also an Italian
tuga, for which I have found only modern
authority (Cardinali, 1852).
There is a reasonable possibility that the
French word originally meant " sail-cloth "
or "canvas," which appears to be also the
meaning of English tewke, tuke, or that it
may have given its name to such a material.
Either process would be quite normal. If
there is anything in this guess, the original
would probably be German Tuch, though the
change of gender would be curious (influence
of toile ?). The form teu is perhaps a mis-
take, as the quotation which Jal gives for
it contains two other gross blunders.
EBNEST WEEKLEY.
' The Draper's Dictionary,' 1882, gives this
brief extract from the Lansdowne MS. Brit.
Mus. date 1592 : " Tukes, or Tuks. Being
a kind of Buckrom, poize 8 Ibs., valued
8s. Od." The etymology is not mentioned.
TOM JONES.
"TEBTIUM QUID" (11 S. iii. 67). In B.
Martin's ' New English Dictionary,' London,
1749, the term tertium quid occurs. It is
there defined, when used in chemistry, as
signifying " the result of the mixture of some
two things, which forms a body very different
from each, when considered separately." No
illustrative quotations are given in the
* Dictionary.' The use, however, of tertium
quid in 1749 is three-quarters of a century
earlier than any of SIB JAMES MUBBAY'S
citations. W. SCOTT.
[MR. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL also thanked for
reply. 1
" VAIL " : ITS USE BY SCOTT (US. iii. 86).
In the set of the novels, now in our
possession, which contain Scott's latest
corrections in his own hand, " vail " is so
printed in ' The Talisman,' chap. xxiv. In
the song of ' The Bloody Vest,' however, it is
printed " veil," although a correction of
another word appears in the same line.
A. & C. BLACK.
Soho Square, W.
HUNGARIAN BIBLIOGBAPHY (11 S. iii. 89).
I see MB. SHBUBSOLE is asking for "a
book on Hungarian Gipsies by Walter
Crane." I can only say that I know of no
such book. I give, however, some account
of a visit to Hungary in my book ' An Artist's
Reminiscences ' (Methuen, 1907).
WALTEB CBANE.
" Hie LOCUS ODIT, AMAT," &c. (11 S. iii.
66). There is another version of the Spittle
inscription, which is in ' Itinerarium
Curiosum,' by William Stukeley, M.D.,
&c., 1724, p. 89 :
Hsec domus dat, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Equitiam, pacera, crimina, jura, bonos. 1620.
It would appear to be improbable that this
version existed even at Spittle-in-the-
Street.
" ^Equitia " alias " Equitia " appears to
be a cross between " ^Equitas " and
" Nequitia."
The version given by Stukeley is also in
Camden's ' Britannia,' enlarged by Richard
Gough, 2nd ed., 1806, vol. ii. p. 376.
ROBEBT PlEBPOINT.
The epigram "Hie locus odit, amat,"
&c., occurs also at the Court House, Much
Wenlock, co. Salop. ALAN STEWABT.
PYBBHUS'S TOE (US. iii. 89). The best
annotated edition of Sir Thomas Browne's
* Hydriotaphia,' that by the late Dr. Green-
hill, refers to Pliny, ' Hist. Nat.,' vii. 2
[20], where we are told that Pyrrhus cured
people suffering from disorders of the spleen
by touching them with the great toe of his
right foot, and that when his body was cre-
mated this toe remained unburnt. Plutarch
gives the same story in his life of Pyrrhus,
chap. iii.
As for books of reference, the story is
to be found, as might be expected, in the
miscellaneous compilations of Alexander ab
Alexandro (' Genialee Dies,' lib. iv. cap.
xxvi.) and Philip Camerarius (' Horse Sub-
cisivse,' Centuria III. cap. xlii.).
Greenwood quotes some lines from one of
Sir T. Browne's commonplace books, printed
by Wilkin in hised. of Browne's 'Works,' iv.
377, headed " One in the gout wishing for
King Pyrrhus's toe, which could not be burnt
at his funeral pyre," and beginning,
O for a toe, such as the funeral pyre
Could make no work on proof 'gainst flame and
fire.
EDWABD BENSLY.
Sir Thomas North in his famous translation
of Plutarch's ' Lives ' has :
" They say also that the great toe of his right
foot had some secret vertue in it. For when he
was dead, and that they had burnt all parts of
his body, and consumed it to ashes : his great
toe was whole, and had no hurt at all."
A. R. BAYLEY.
[The REV. W. D. MA CRAY also refers to Green-
hill's edition.]
132
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. is, 1911.
THOMAS JAMES THACKERAY (11 S. iii. 28).
This is evidently the person referred to
in " Great Writers " (' Life of Thackeray,'
p. 202, foot-note). He is believed to have
been a member of the Thackeray family,
and possibly belonged to Yorkshire. In Alli-
bone's ' Dictionary ' T. J. Thackeray is said
to have been a captain in the Army, and to
have written 'Lectures on Rifle Firing,' 1853
(3rd ed., 1858), and ' Military, Organization
and Administration of France,' 1856.
w. s. s.
THACKERAY AND THE STAGE (US. iii. 28,
91). The farce of ' Jeames,' about which
S. J. A. F. inquires, was produced at the
Princess's Theatre in December, 1845.
WM. DOUGLAS.
125, Helix Road, Brixton Hill, S.W.
'THE FLYING DUTCHMAN' (US. iii. 48,
95). Doubtless the above poem was written
by Ellen Mary Clerke, sister of Agnes Mary
Clerke, the well-known writer on astronomy
who died at 68, Redcliffe Square, in January,
1907.
They were born at Skibbereen in county
Cork, and the elder sister (the poetess) died
only ten months before Agnes, as may be seen
in Lady Huggins's * Appreciation ' reviewed
in The Athenceum of 7 September, 1907.
I met the two sisters 40 years ago at Naples,
and renewed my acquaintance with the sur-
viving sister Agnes in March, 1906, only a
few months before her regretted death.
She presented me with a copy of her sister
Ellen's book on Italian folk-lore, &c., dedi-
cated to Dr. Garnett of the British Museum.
I alluded to the Clerkes in my Teply on
k Inscriptions at Naples ' printed at 10 S. ix.
17. WILLIAM MERCER.
' DEATH OF CAPT. COOK ' (11 S. iii. 87).
Darley, a native of Birmingham, was a
bass singer of repute at Covent Garden
Theatre and Vauxhall Gardens. He was
the original Farmer Blackberry in O'Keeffe's
musical farce of ' The Farmer.' Visiting
America about 1799, he established an inferior
kind of Vauxhall at Philadelphia, but re-
turned to this country, where he died in 1809.
Blurton, Cranfield, and Miss Francis were
performers of the humblest class.
WM. DOUGLAS.
If R. H. will send me his address, I may
be able to give him some information about
two of the members of the cast.
H. S. GUINNESS.
Stillorgan, co. Dublin.
* The Death of Capt. Cook,' performed
at Covent Garden in 1789, was produced on
the Edinburgh stage on 23 February, 1790.
By Dibdin ( ' Annals of the Edinburgh Stage ' >
it is called a "grand serious pantomime,' r
and he adds that "the scenery seems to
have been unusually good." Williamson
took the part of Capt. Cook in the Edin-
burgh cast, but the names of the other
players are not mentioned. Row TAY.
MONTAGU G. DRAKE (US. iii. 29, 72).
Montague Garrard Drake, Esq., of Sharde-
loes, co. Buckingham, M.P. for Agmondes-
ham in 1713, 1715, and 1727, and for the
county of Buckingham in 1722, was son of
Montague Drake and Jane, dau. and heiress
of Sir John Garrard, Bt., of Lamer. He
died 1728. See Burke's * Landed Gentry/
4th ed. R. J. FYNMORE.
GATAKER (U.S. ii. 409). No person of
this name seems to have graduated in
Dublin University at the close of the eigh-
teenth century. The name does not appear
in the catalogue of graduates of the Uni-
versity from 1591 to 1868. The nearest
approach to the name which I can find in the
catalogue is Gattager, William, B.A. Vern.
1809. P. A. MCELWAINE.
PRICKLY PEAR AND MONREALE CATHE-
DRAL (11 S. iii. 87). MR. LANGTON will find
this question discussed in Yule-Burnell's
' Hobson-Jobson,' 2nd ed., 1903, p. 732 ; and
at 8 S. viii. 254. Another contributor
(9 S. iii. 469) quotes a statement of E. A.
Freeman, the historian, who identified the
plant in the mosaics (Dean Stephens, * Life
and Letters of Freeman,' vol. ii. p. 361).
EMERITUS.
In Prof. J. B. Bury's ' History of Greece r
(published 1902), p. 21, there is figured a
fragment of a richly decorated silver vessel
found at Mycenae. On it is the representa-
tion of a siege scene, in which the most
conspicuous vegetation is a plant bearing a
striking resemblance to the prickly pear.
It has large, and apparently fleshy, leaves
similar in shape to the prickly pear, sparsely
covered with spines. Whatever the plant
may be, it is very probably identical with
that which MR. LANGTON saw depicted in the
Biblical scenes in Monreale Cathedral. Per-
haps some botanical reader familiar with the
vegetation of lands bordering on the Mediter-
ranean can tell us what it is.
JOHN T. KEMP.
ii s. in. FEB. is, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
133
MB. LANGTON'S query may be explained
plausibly by knowledge of the fact that
what in English we call " prickly pears "
are known in Italy as " prickly figs." They
abound in the island of Capri, and often, on
the voyage of 20 miles separating Capri from
Naples, have I seen the Neapolitan sailors
steep them in buckets of sea-water, and
cautiously draw them out, to extract the
thorns with a clasp knife, when the fig is
cooling and refreshing.
WILLIAM MERCER.
JOHN DE COSINGTON (11 S. iii. 67).
In a reply s.v. Guichard d' Angle (ante,
p. 73) I referred twice, incidentally, to
Stephen de Cosinton. His name appears
three times (possibly oftener) in the book to
which I there referred, viz., ' Le Prince Noir
Poeme du Heraut d'armes Chandos,' Lon-
don & Paris, 1883 :
Apres furent li mareschaulx,
Qui furent prodhomme et loiaulx.
L'uns fut Stephen de Cosinton,
Qui moult estoit noble person ;
Et 1'autre le bon Guychard d'Angle.
Line 2279.
Sur la main destre fut Chaundos,
Qui celi jour acquist grant los ;
Estephenes de Cossyngtone,
Johan Devereux, noble persone ;
Et 1 fut li bon Guychard d'Angle.
Line 3229.
Monsieur Gwichard d'Angle fut mareschal,
Et Estephen de Cosinton, qui ot coer loial.
Line 4193.
As to these three extracts see my reply,
ante, p. 73. Without correction, according
to "Errata" the last two references are
3259, 4223.
Concerning the first extract there is an
editorial note (p. 357) in the book referred
to :
" Stephen de Cosington we find first mentioned
in the retinue of Henry, Earl of Derby, afterwards
Duke of Lancaster, in the expedition of 1345.
In 1349, he was appointed with Richard Talbot
and John de Carleton to renew the oath of fealty
in the towns of Flanders. In 1351, he was again
appointed with Sir Frank van Hale, knight of the
Garter, to treat with Louis, count of Flanders.
In 1355, letters of protection were granted him,
then in the retinue of the Prince of Wales. Letters
of safe-conduct are again addressed to him,
in paries transmarinas profecturits, dated the
16th April, 1364, and again on his going into
Gascony, the 26th of June, in the same year.
He appears to have been at Cre"cy, Poitiers and
N&jera."
I think that M. DE LATJRME is in error in
saying that the village of Cosington is in
Lincolnshire. There is, or was, no village
of that name in Lincolnshire, according to
J. Adams's ' Index Villaris,' 1680 ; Stephen
Whatley's ' England's Gazetteer,' 1751 ;
or Samuel Lewis's * Topographical Dic-
tionary of England,' 1835.
In Leicestershire there are, or were,
Cossington, 2| miles S.E. by E. from
Mountsorrel, and Coston, 7 miles N.E. by E.
from Melton Mowbray.
Also there is, or was, a Cossington or Cos-
ton in Somerset, 4J miles N.E. by E. from
Bridgwater, as well as Coston in Norfolk,
4 miles N.W. from Wymondham ; also
Cossenton in Kent, N.W. from Maidstone ;
also Coston in Salop.
William Berry in his ' Encyclopaedia
Heraldica ' (no date, circa 1830), vol. ii., con-
cerning armorial bearings of families, gives
Cossington, Az., a rose or ; Cosington
(Hampshire), Az., three roses or.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
Cossington is a local name both in Leices-
tershire and Somerset, but I do not remember
hearing of it in Lincolnshire.
ST. SWITHIN.
There is a manor of Cosington in Kent.
Hasted (vol. iv. p. 434) says it gave both
residence and surname to the family of
Cosenton or Cosington. There was a John
de Cosington, 5 Edw. II., of this family.
R. J. FYNMORE.
A family of this name was of some
standing in Kent during the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries. Among them were John,
John his son, and Sir Stephen de Cosington,
all living in 1345. There were also Costin-
tons in Notts. OLD SARUM.
GUICHARD D'ANGLE (11 S. ii. 427, 472, 493 ;
iii. 73). In the first reply on p. 472 Guichard
is styled " d'Angle or d'Angolesme." It
was long supposed that his name was derived
from Angouleme, but Beltz, who investigated
the family history, found that it was really
derived from Angle, a small town near
Charenton in Poitou. Guillaume d'Angle,
great-grandfather of Guichard, was seigneur
of Angle in 1220 (' Memorials of the Order of
the Garter,' p. 182).
Although Guichard died without surviving
male issue, he was not the last male of the
family, as he had a nephew, William d'Angle,
to whom he left the lands which he had
acquired or might acquire in France, and all
his lands in England (ibid., p. 187).
G. H. WHITE.
St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk.
134
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. is, 1911.
BENJAMIN D'!SRAELI OF DUBLIN (11 S.
iii. 28). The following extract from a list
of the corps of yeomanry known as the
Stephen's Green Cavalry, published, in
Cox's Irish Magazine for November, 1814,
may be of some use to J. T. :
" Ben. Disrael, a Jew, a Lottery-monger, who
made a fortune at the same period, that any man
who could muster a quire of paper and an ink-
horn, might become a Lottery-office keeper or a
Gambling-house proprietor under that cover.
He was cotemporary with Lefevre, the livery
servant, Cash, the parish schoolmaster, Andrews,
the primer merchant, Burton, the quill man,
Williams, the stationer, who hanged himself,
and M'llwrath, the bootboy, who all made fortunes
by the same species of gambling. Ben turned
Christian, was made a Justice of the Peace for
the County of Carlow, and died about four months
since."
SEAMUS UA CASAIDE.
Dublin.
Benjamin Disraeli (not Disraeli) of Beachy
Park, Carlow, was a rich moneylender and
notary of Dublin (1788-96). He was also a
prominent member of the Dublin Stock
Exchange, held the office of Sheriff for
County Carlow in 1810, and died in 1814.
He was probably a member of a Huguenot
family named Disraeli, resident in London
during the eighteenth century, which was
related to the Lefevres, Chaigneaus, and Col-
villes, and therefore in no way connected
with Lord Beaconsfield.
ISRAEL SOLOMONS.
118, Sutherland Avenue, W.
There are some municipal lottery tickets
in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin,
which appear to be signed by this gentleman.
H. G. ARCHER.
See 5 S. vi. 47 ; 7 S. iii., iv., v. Apparently
the conclusion arrived at in 1887 (7 S. iii. 371)
was that " the Dublin notary bearing these
names cannot at present be affiliated to Lord
Beaconsfield' s family." By his will, proved
3 October, 1814, he left 7,000?. to charitable
purposes. R. J. FYNMORE.
Sand gate.
" CORBIE - STEPS " : " CORBEL - STEPS " :
" CORBALSAILYE " (11 S. ii. 426). Jamie-
son's ' Diet.' (Donaldson, 1887) has :
" Corbalsailye, s. prob. parapets or other pro-
jections corbelled out beyond the face of a fortified
wall. V. Saillie.
' Licentiam edificandi castra, turres et for-
tahcia cum januis ferreis, le battelling, corbal-
sailye, barmkynnis et carceribus' (' Retr. Mas
Sig., 1424-1513,' No. 1639).
" Fr. corbeille, a corbel, andsaitfte, a projection ;
like sa^ll^e de maison, an outjutting room
(Cotgrave).
Jamieson also has :
" Saillie, Sailye, S filly, s. A projection ; out-
jutting ; applied to a room, gallery, or other
building projecting beyond the face of a house
or wall. The saillie or sailye was a device to
enlarge the rooms of hoxises built in the narrow
streets and lanes of olden times ; specimens of
which may still be seen in many of our large
towns. It was adopted also as a means of defence
in fortified castles, city walls, &c. ; and gave a
massive, frowning appearance to the battlements.
When so used, it was called a c.orbalsailye, O. Fr.
saillie, a projection ; ' an eminence, jutting or
bearing out beyond others,' Cotgrave. Fr.
saillir, to go out, issue forth, project."
TOM JONES.
Where the edges of a gable-end, as in
some Dutch-built houses, are not mere
slanting right lines, but ascend by degrees
to the apex, having the appearance of
flights of steps in silhouette, the birds often
perch upon them, and this was the explana-
tion offered me of the term " corbie-steps "
when I first heard it used in Scotland
(Fr. corbeau ; O.F. corbel ; Lat. corvellus,
dim. of corvus, a raven).
I wonder whether, for an analogous
reason, each separate upstanding block of a
crenellated parapet is termed a " merlon "
(merle = blackbird ) .
The ' E.tXD.,' I see, has " crow-bawks,"
the projections of a gable-roof ; " crow-
steps," see " crow's rest," a brick projecting
from a chimney and cut to a slightly tapering
cylinder. ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.
SWEETAPPLE SURNAME (11 S. iii. 66).
Anne, eldest dau. of John Baddeley of Eller-
ton Grange, co. Stafford, married " Mr. John
Sweetaple," c. 1671, probably of London,
where the lady had three uncles living, one
of them an officer in the Regiment of Guards.
They had several children surviving in 1713.
ST. CLAIR BADDELEY.
ANNE BOLEYN OR BTJLLEN : BULLEY
FAMILY (11 S. iii. 8). The following
excerpt from a ' Pedigree of the Bullen
Family,' made by the late Rev. W. Croft?
Bullen, and printed for private circulation,
may be of interest to H. A. B. :
" The first of the family came to England with
William the Conqueror, and was known as ' De
Boullan ' ; in a short time the ' De ' was dropped,
and we find the name spelt ' Boulen,' and a
little later ' Boleyn ' ; it was written on the wall
of the Tower of London and spelt ' Bullien,'
and is supposed to be so written about the time
of Anna Bullen's death. In the year 1591 we find
it spelt ' Bollen,' and in 1602 we find it spelt as
at present ' Bullen ' (see Milla's ' Catalogue of
Honor,' article on Boleyn), which is the same name
as the original 'Boleyn 'of Henry VIII.'s reign, as
is proved by the mention of the historic members
n s. m. FEB. is, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
135
r>f the family being described in Shakespeare's
play of ' Henry VIII.,' Act III. sc. ii. (Steven-
son's edition, published 1803) ' I'll no Anne
Bullens for him ' ; also in Lord Macaulay's
History of England ' it is spelt Bullen."
For the use of this pamphlet I am in-
debted to my brother-in-law Mr. T. F. Bullen
of Liverpool, a son of its compiler. The
reverend gentleman claimed that he could
trace his descent from the Earl of Wiltshire,
father of the ill-fated Queen. In the pro-
gramme of ' King Henry VIII.,' now playing
at His Majesty's Theatre, the name is spelt
Bullen.
As the ' Patronymica Britannica ' regards
the surname Boleyn as derived from the
place-name Boulogne rather than from that
of Bolein, Normandy (see 7 S. ii. 457), the
form De Boullan is easily accounted for ;
while in Stow's 'Annals' (1631) the ortho-
graphy is " Boloigne "(IS. viii. 510).
It has been suggested that Godefroi de
Bouillon, son of Eustace II. Count of
Boulogne and leader of the First Crusade,
was a connexion of this family ; but on
investigation I find this idea to be erroneous,
inasmuch as the etymologies of " Bouillon "
and " Boulogne " are distinct. The ety-
mology of the former can be arrived at by
examining that of the place-name Bouillon-
ville (Meurthe), Which in 857 was called in
mediaeval Latin. Baldofo villa, i.e., " the estate
of Baudulf " (Bold Wolf) ; hence Bouillon is
derived from Baudoin or Baldwin (Brave
Friend),* which in turn is from the Teutonic
band or bald, daring, courageous ; see ' Dic-
tionnaire des Noms Frangais,' by L. Larchey,
Paris, 1880. Moreover, the estate of
Bouillon is situated in the eastern part of
Brabant. On the other hand, Canon
Taylor considered Boulogne (Bononia) a
variant of Bolognia, derived from a Celtic
word bona, which signified " town," as in the
place-names Bonn, Ratisbon, Vindobona
(Vienna), and Juliobona, later Illebona
{Lillebonne, the article having been prefixed).
As to the orthography of the surname of
the physician and writer William Bulleyn
of Elizabeth's reign, the ' D.N.B.' spalls it
Bullein, and states that his medical work the
' Bulwarke of Defence ' was dedicated to
Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon, a kinsman of
Queen Anne Boleyn ; so that he was in all
probability a member of the Bullen gens,
though this notion is scouted at 3 S. iv. 164.
What appears to have misled philologists in
regard to the origin of the surname is the
* This derivation of the name seems preferable
to that given by Miss Yonge in 'English Christian
Names,' viz., "Prince Friend."
fact that the Bullen arms are Argent, a
chevron gules between three bulls' heads
couped sable (see Appendix I. to ' The
Grammar of Heraldry,' by Samuel Kent,
London, 1716). This naturally gave rise
to the assumption that the founder of the
family was in early days called Bull.
N. W. HILL.
WATSON FAMILY AT MILNHORN AND
BLACKLAW (11 S. ii. 527). As far as I can
learn, there is in Scotland only one Milnhorn
or Millhorn (in present-day spelling) a
farm of that name being in the Perthshire
district of Coupar-Angus. Blacklaw, how-
ever, is a much more common name. There
are Blacklaws in Banffshire, Forfarshire,
Perthshire, Ayrshire, Lanarkshire, and
Dumfriesshire. Blacklaw tower in the last-
named county was formerly the property
of the Douglases of Fingland. The Lanark-
shire Blacklaw is notable as having been the
residence of the famous Jenny Cameron, one
of the heroines of the '45 rebellion.
None of these Blacklaws, so far as I know,
connects itself with the family of Watson.
If, however, as seems possible, Millhorn was
once their home, they may have migrated
from it to some adjacent Blacklaw. On the
whole, therefore, I am inclined to consider
the Forfarshire Blacklaw, in the parish of
Kinnell, to be the place inquired after.
During the eighteenth century there were
many Watsons in Forfarshire. Prof. David
Watson, the translator of Horace, was a
native of Brechin. There were other
Watsons, possessing a voting qualification in
the county, towards the end of the century.
Blacklaw in Kinnell was not too remote from
Millhorn in Coupar-Angus. W. SCOTT.
There is a Blacklaw in Bendochy parish,
East Perth, five miles N.N.E. of Cupar-
Angus ; and also a village thus named in the
parish of Linton, N.E. Roxburgh, four miles
south-east of Kelso.
J. HOLDEN MACMlOHAEL.
Blacklaw is the name of a village close to
Aberchirder in Banffshire. N. W. HILL.
BATTLE IN LINCOLNSHIRE, 1655 (US. ii.
468). The note on the Ordnance Survey
map about a battle in Lincolnshire in 1655 is
in all likelihood a mistake. There were no
disturbances in Lincolnshire in 1655, so far
as ordinary histories record ; neither is there
mention made at any time of a battle of
Red Hill. May not 1655 be a misprint for
1643 ? During the latter year Cromwell
136
NOTES AND QUERIES. m a m. FEB. is, 1911.
gained two victories in Lincolnshire. One
of these, within about two miles of Grantham,
forms the subject of the first of Cromwell's
letters to appear in the newspapers. He
chased the enemy for two or three miles, but
no mention is made of a hill in the conflict.
The other engagement, within two miles of
Gainsborough, was fought on a hill, and one
of the fields is said still to bear the name of
" Redcoats Field." May not the latter,
wrongly placed on the map, be the Red hill
where the battle took place ? W SCOTT.
There was a battle at Grantham during
the Civil War, but the year was 1643, and
not 1655. It was Cromwell's first victory,
and was fought on 13 May, 1643. Informa-
tion respecting it will be found in Carlyle's
' Cromwell,' letter No. 5 ; Kingston's ' East
Anglia and the Civil War,' p. 112 ; Gardiner's
' History of the Civil War ' ; and Horton's
' Life of Cromwell,' p. 28, and other Lives.
In 1655 Cromwell was Lord Protector, and
though there were Royalist risings in that
year, I fail to find any trace of another
action at Grantham. Possibly the date on
the ordnance map may not be correct.
G. H. W.
" GOULANDS " IN BEN JONSON (11 S. ii.
429, 532). I am afraid the Provencal gauch
will not help us at all. There is no difficulty
in accounting for the ow. As the ' N.E.D.'
shows, the original form was gollan, whence
goulan and gouland. Gowan resulted from
the loss of I in goulan or gowlan ; this I is
easily lost in Scottish, which has /a' for
fall, and the like. I point out, in my ' Ety-
mological Dictionary,' that the word is
certainly Scandinavian, as so many Scotcl
words are. I derive it from the Norse
gul-r, yellow, Swed. gul, Dan. guul, Norw
gul, gaul Observe the last of these forms
But I have no objection to connecting it
as the ' N.E.D.' suggests, with the word gold
which is closely related to O.N. gul-r. The
Norse for " gold " was gull, oldest forn
goll, which io nothing but gold (or an older
*golth) with the assimilation of Id (or Ith)
into II. Hence was formed the adj. gullin
golden, which is, practically, all we want
The change from gullin to gollan raises no
great difficulty. Gowan is parallel to the
English golden, with ow for oil, and oil for
old. That this is the easiest and most
likely solution will appear to any one who
will take the trouble to investigate the large
number of flower-names with which the
Icol. gulr is associated. Swedish has gul-
sippa, yellow wood-anemone ; gul-torne,
urze or gor.se, lit. yellow thorn ; gull-pudra,
golden saxifrage ; gull-regn, laburnum ?
ull-ris, golden-rod ; gull-traf, evening-
)rimrose ; gull-vifva, yellow primrose ; and
here are plenty more in Norwegian and
Danish. WALTER W. SKEAT.
The suggestion that gowan is derived
rom the same root as Scotch gowd, gold,
ill, I believe, have to be given up. The
E.D.D.' regards the word as sprung from
rael. gugan, a bud, flower, daisy ; though
Jamieson is inclined to suspect -this as merely
,aken over from the Scotch vernacular. I
ind, however, in Norman Macleod's ' Gaelic
Dictionary ' the words gucag, a bell, bubble y
drop ; sprout, bud, corolla of a flower ; and
gucagach, bud-bearing, sprouting, clustered ;
e in O'Reilly's ' Irish Dictionary ' occur
gugan, bud ; gucog, sprout, bud, bell ;
and gucogac, clustering, gowaned, which
seems to justify the etymology advanced
the ' E.D.D.,' the pronunciation of
and g in Celtic being often very much
alike. N. W. HILL.
The children with me when we went " May
blobbin " called the flowers " gowden gow-
Lans," and when we made flowers into gar-
lands these were " gowlans." On many a
cottage " best room " there were " gowlans ".
of birds' eggs hanging on the walls. Seldom
was the word " garland " pronounced except
" gowlan " that is, in the Derbyshire village
where I was born. THOS. RATCLIFFE.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S.
ii. 229). The words " Beatitudo non est
divinorum cognitio, sed vita divina," about
which L. S. M. inquires, are the heading of the
second section from Porphyry's ' De Ab-
stinentia Animalium,' given in Marsilius
Ficinus's Latin translation on p. 296 of a
volume printed at Geneva in 1607 that con-
tains his version of lamblichus, ' De Mys-
teriis,' his ' Excerpta ex Graecis Procli Com-
mentariis in Alcibiadem Platonis primum,'
&c. EDWARD BENSLY.
LACY AS A PLACE-NAME (11 S. iii. 8). The
suffix Lacy clearly has reference to a former
owner, and may be compared with the
suffix Lucy, found at Hampton-Lucy in
Warwickshire. Hampton being a common
place-name, this particular Hampton i&
distinguished from other Hamptons by
having the owner's name tacked to it.
MR. SCHLOSSER will probably find that
Polesden and Wilton were formerly part
of the possessions of the Lacy family, though
Camilla seems an* uncommon name, and
ii s. in. FEB. is, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
137
therefore the reason for the suffix in this
instance is not obvious.
Walter de Laci, one of the companions of
the Conqueror, had possessions in Worces-
tershire. Roger de Laci, his son, owned
five manors in Worcestershire, as recorded in
Domesday Book. Ilbert and Roger de
Laci both held land in capite in England.
But in Worcestershire the Lacy manors are
not differentiated, though in Herefordshire
we still have Holm-, Stoke-, and Mansel-.
One of the best examples of this kind of
place-name is to be found in Warwickshire,
not far from Hampton-Lucy, where there
are two Wellesbournes Wellesbourne Hast-
ings and Wellesbourne Mountford parted
by a small stream, the Wellesbourne brook.
After the Conquest Henry de Newburgh,
Earl of Warwick, owned both places, and
he or his successors gave the one to Robert
le Hastings, and the other to Thurston de
Mountford, and since that time the two
Wellesbournes have been distinguished by
the names of their Norman owners.
W. S. BBASSINGTON.
Stratford-upon-Avon.
Most of the many names of places (if not
all of them) including Lacy such as
Stanton-Lacy, Holm-Lacy, Ewyas-Laci
owe their peculiarity to former ownership
(1) on the part of Walter de Laci (d. 1085)
and Hugh his son, or (2) of their collaterals
in Yorkshire ; and (3) of the respective
descendants of both branches of this illus-
trious Norman family. Their name was
taken from Lasci, a fief of the Bishops of
Bayeux (cf. Lib. Rubeus, p. 646, R.S.).
ST. CLAIB BADDELEY.
If the annals of the various places having
Lacy as the second part of their name are
looked into it will be found that the lords
of the manors at some period belonged
to some branch of the Lacy family. Thus
Hutchins, the historian of Dorset, says of the
manor of Kingston Lacy in that county that
"' it takes its additional name from Lacy,
Earl of Lincoln, once lord of it."
This mode of identificatior is frequently
employed in Devonshire, more than 40
parishes being named on this principle.
Thus we have Aveton Giffard, Compton
Giffard, and Were Giffard ; Bere Ferrers anc
Bere Alston ; Berry Narbert or Narbor and
Berry Pomeroy ; Stoke Rivers, Stoke
Fleming, Stoke Damarel and Sydenham
Damarel ; Bovey Tracey and Newton
Tracey ; Colaton Raleigh and Withycombe
Raleigh, &c. THOS. WAINWBIGHT.
Barristaple.
The title of the query should have been
' Lacy in a Place-Name " ; for Lacy is not
a place-name at all, but the name of a
amily. In double names of this character
Vilton Lacy means that a place called
/Vilton was distinguished from other Wiltons
>y connexion with the family of Lacy or
^acey. Nearly all such family names are
Gorman. WALTER W. SKEAT.
[MR. N. W. HILL, MB. TOM JONES, MB. HOLDEN
VlAcMicHAEL, OLD SABUM, and ST. SWITHIN also
hanked for replies.]
OUNDLE (US. iii. 9). Speltf Undale in
Birch, ' Cart. Saxon.,' i. 36, iii. 579, both
imes in late copies of doubtful charters ;
mt the spelling appears to be correct. The
suffix seems to be the modern E. " dale."
The prefix can hardly be English, and is more
ikely Norse ; cf. Ouneby in ' Inquis. post
Mortem,' vol. i. I guess Un- (or Oune-)
:o represent Una, gen. of Uni, a. Norse name
n Egilsson. If so. it means " Uni's dale."
WALTEB W. SKEAT.
The early form was Uridela. It occurs, as
far back as anno 664, in a Peterborough
harter (' Cart. Sax.,' 22).
Mr. M'Clure, in his new book of * British
Place-Names,' p. 23, suggests that it is
" a worn form " of Avondael, situated near
the confluence of the little river Avon with
the Nene. EDWABD SMITH.
Putney.
Oundle appears originally to have been,
according to Domesday Book, Undele, and
over the door of the Grammar School House
was formerly the following inscription :
Uudellse natus, Londini parta labore
Laxtonus posuit, senibus puerisq ; levaraen,
which is thus rendered by Fuller :
At Oundle born, what he did get
In London with great pain,
Laxton to old and young hath set,
A comfort to remain.
Sir William Laxton was the founder of the
school. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
[MB. TOM JONES, O., and MK. T. SHEI-HEBD also
thanked for replies.]
DBYDEN AS A PLACE-NAME (US. iii. 68).
Dryden is a farm five miles south from
Selkirk, on the main road between Edin-
burgh and Carlisle. There is a dry dean,
or small deep valley, on the farm, devoid
of water, which probably accounts for the
name, as in ancient times, when the district
was all forest, and even at a somewhat later
period when cattle-lifting went on exten-
sively by raiders from both sides of the
138
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. is, 1911.
English and Scottish border, this dry valley
would be a useful place for hiding stock,
besides being perhaps the most distinctive
feature of the ground.
The prefix also occurs in the district in
such names as Dryloch, Dryhope, Dry-
grange, Dryburgh, and Drycleuchlee ; but
these names indicating a dry situation are
few in number compared with the place-
names in the South of Scotland indicative of
mires and marshes, many of which have
now disappeared by drainage operations.
T. H. S.
Edinburgh.
The suggestion in the query that Dryden
as a place-name was derived from the
Drydanes who came across the border into
Scotland is plausible, but not altogether con-
vincing. As a family name, Dryden is by no
means common in Scotland. As a place-
name it is still more seldom to be met with.
In 1868 there was a farm named Dryden in
Roxburghshire, which has since been attached
to Selkirkshire. Another farm of the same
name was in Aberdeenshire. There was a
Dryden House, unoccupied in 1868, and
Dryden Mains, a farm at Roslin, evidently
former possessions of the powerful family of
Sinclair or St. Glair of Roslin. Drydenbank
was nearer Edinburgh, and " Dryden' s
groves of oak " are mentioned in Scott's
ballad of ' Rosabelle.'
Is it in the least probable that places so far
apart should have derived their name from
a somewhat obscure family settled in Scot-
land in the fifteenth century ? Surely it is
much more likely that Dryden is a local
designation, signifying, as certain philologists
affirm, " the dry valley." W. SCOTT.
{MB. W. E. WILSOX also thanked for reply.]
"STENCIL": ITS DERIVATION" (11 S. ii.
302). This word is probably from the
Provencal ustensilho, ustensiho, estansiho,
gear, tools, tinware, the perforated metal
strainer of a pump. The last form of the
word, from which the e would drop on
passing out of Southern France, was probably
due to the influence of estam, tin. The
dresser on which the tin cups and plates of a
farmhouse were displayed was the estagnie.
A stencil-plate, being usually cut from tin
plate, would be an estansilho rather than
ustensilho. I have no record of the word,
but will search for it. To " stencil " is to
print a design with such a utensil, instead of
doing it by hand alone.
The term must have come direct from the
South of France, as estensil or estencil, for
ustensil, soon lost its first s in French,
Spanish, and Italian (though keeping it in
Portuguese), passing to EnglLh without it.
But, curiously enough, " utensil " has, in
spoken English, acquired a substitute for the
lost s. Just as the original Provenyal word
was modified by the influence of estam, so in
barrack-English (its Indian variety at least)
" utensil " has, probably under the influence
of " uniform," become " unitensil." Forty
years ago in India I frequently heard this
word in barracks. The quartermaster of my
brigade always spoke of the cook-house
" unitensils." ' EDWARD NICHOLSON.
Paris.
HIGH STEWARDS AT THE RESTORATION :
ROGER GOLLOP, M.P. FOR SOUTHAMPTON
(11 S. ii. 488 ; iii. 17). I have before me a
copy of a list of the Parliaments from 1640
to 1661, published 1661 by Robert Pawley,
and "to be sold at his shop at the Bible in
Chancery Lane." He gives (p. 65) as M.P.s
for Southampton (borough) in 1659 " Thomas
Knollys, Esq., and Roger Gallop [sic], Esq."
Browne Willis ('Notitia Parliamentarian
vol. iii. p. 293) gives the same names.
ALFRED B. BEAVEN,
QUEEN'S REGIMENT, SHEFFIELD PLATE
DISH (11 S. iii. 70). "In Deo spero " is
the motto of the De Saumarez family, but
their crest is not a griffin.
MATILDA POLLARD.
Belle Vue, Bengeo.
0n
The Bacchants of Euripides, and other Essays-
By A. W. Verrall, Litt.D. (Cambridge Uni-
versity Press. )
CLASSICAL scholars from the circumstances of their
training ought to write better than the average
man. This advantage in style is, however, not
so common as might be expected, though one or
two of our foremost scholars present their results
with a charm and grace of language which should
be obvious to readers. Dr. Verrall is one of this
select body of specialists whom weiwould choose to
read for mere pleasure. His work is always
admirably lucid, irradiated with a fine sense of
humour and character, and, in a word, eminently
persuasive.
To the present writer his Euripidean studies
are more than brilliant theory, but, even if they
were not, they would be delightful. In the essay
on ' The Bacchants ' he approaches that fine and
curious play from the point of view of Prof.
Norwood, who has published a book on ' The
Kiddle of the Bacchse.' The summary of the
religion Euripides described in the play and
his purpose in so describing it, is an admirable
and eloquent piece of writing. Incidentally, we-
ii s. m. FEB. is, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
139
find some useful comment on the colouring which
Prof. Gilbert Murray has skilfully attached to his
verse rendering.
The next article, ' The First Homer,' is re-
printed from The Quarterly with modifications,
and will be found an excellent brief view of a
puzzling question. ' The Mutiny of Idomeneus '
is another Homeric study. Of the remaining
articles the most striking are ' Rhyme and Reason
in Attic Tragedy ' and ' Christ before Herod,' a
study of the story as given by St. Luke, suggesting
" that the case against the narrative is itself
entirely mistaken, and rests, so far as it has any
basis at all, upon a traditional misapprehension and
misinterpretation of the statement impeached."
This shows that Dr. Verrall, when he pleases,
can make as strong a case for traditional views
as he does as an innovator. The ' Rhyme and
Reason in Attic Tragedy ' is a most ingenious
inquiry, and, so far as we know, entirely novel.
There is, it is contended, some purpose in such
rhymes as xP &v and de&v, or such assonances as
the use of verbs with similar endings. In such
a composer as Euripides this phenomenon is
deliberate, purposely uncouth, for rhyme and
assonance in Greek are grotesque, and so abund-
antly used by Aristophanes. Medea, " dis-
tinguished in this (I think) from all other speakers
in tragedy, thrice closes a speech upon a couplet
with double assonance " ; and this fact alone
would show that the assonance was intentional,
and meant to represent, not the harmony of
English linked sweetness, but a scream. So
at the opening of the ' Philoctetes ' Sophocles
is said to be suggesting the horrid noise of the
agonized hero by dry/nous at the end of one line,
and 8v<r<jrr]fJilais in the next. This theory, of course,
supposes a very high standard of artistry in the
tragedians, but no one who has studied them
with thoroughness will be inclined to deny this
meticulous perfection to Sophocles, at any rate.
IN The National Revieiv ' Episodes of the
Month ' are treated in the usual pungent style.
It is suggested that " any Peer who swallows the
Parliament Bill is only fit for Bedlam." ' Kund-
schaftsdiene,' by Col. de la Poer Beresford, is an
interesting discussion of the methods and possi-
bilities of secret service, the spying into fortresses,
&c. The writer speaks of his own experiences as a
Military Attache at St. Petersburg. Mrs. Archi-
bald Colquhoun gives an amusing account, in
' The Night before the Poll,' of her sudden
descent on a place in " Fenshire " to speak for
the Unionist cause. Lord Cranworth's article on
' The Public-School Boy in East Africa ' seems
to us very practical. Mr. A. Maurice Low in his
monthly account of ' American Affairs ' intimates
that Mr. Taft means to stand again for the
Presidency. ' Two Solutions of the Greek
Question,' by Mr. A. D. Godley, is the sort of
paper we are glad to see in the magazines, and
we congratulate The National on giving its readers
in this article and others a relief from politics and
sociology. Mr. H. B. Marriott Watson has in
his short paper on ' The Native English Drama '
an interesting comparison between ' Twelfth
Night ' and Mr. Hardy's fine novel ' The Return
of the Native,' in which he contends that the
later master follows the Elizabethan model of
arrangement, and asks if it could not be revived
to-day. The odd title ' Dabchirr v. Tiem '
covers the account of a dispute concerning a horse
m Northern Nigeria, and a legal decision by an
assistant resident, whose quarters are described
as, like .Nicholas Nickleby's at Portsmouth " un-
common snug." Mr. Folair's expression was,
we believe, " pernicious snug." The article is
amusing, being written with verve, and we should
like to read more of the kind devoted to regions
of which the armchair critic, as a rule knows
nothing.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. FEBRUARY.
MR. BERTRAM DOBELL'S Catalogue 192 con-
tains first editions of Blackmore's novels ' Lorna
' t' ' The Maid of Sker,'
-i ' M , a , rv t er,
Chnstowell, and ' Springhaven,' together
vols., half -morocco, 151. First editions of
Dickens include ' Pickwick,' in parts, 30?. ; and
Nickleby,' also in parts, 71. Under Montaigne
is the second edition of Florio's translation, folio
original calf, 1613, 1QI. 10s. The first edition of
Swinburne s Poems and Ballads,' Moxon, 1866 is
81. 8s. There are works under America, Art, and
Bibliography. Under Byron and Coleridge are
first editions. Under Heraldry is Nares's
' Heraldic Anomalies,' 2 vols., 12mo, 1823, 4s. 6d
Mr. Dobell notes : "An exceedingly amusing
work, containing much curious information."
Under Drama is a collection of plays by old
authors, 44 vols., 12mo, vellum, 1733-40, 21 10s
London items include accounts of the visits of the
Emperor of Russia to the Corporation in 1814,
also of Wellington's in the same year. Under
Tennyson are first editions.
Mr. John Grant's Edinburgh Catalogue con-
tains sets of the Zoological Society, Geological
Society, and the Irish Texts Society. There are
the two works of Viollet Le Due : ' Dictionnaire
Raisonn6 de 1'Architecture Franeaise,' 10 vols.,
royal 8vo, half-morocco, Paris, 1854-68, 5?. 10s. ;
and ' Dictionnaire du Mobilier Francais,' 6 vols
Paris, 1872-5, a choice copy, 61. 10s. Autograph
letters include two of Carlyle to James Ballantine
the Scottish poet : the first dated Chelsea, 15th
June, 1842, 51. 5s. ; the second, dated 31st
December the same year, tendering the author
much advice, 51. 10s. There are also a letter of
Ruskin's and two of Dickens to Ballantine
Among works from the library of Prof. Blackie is
a collection of chapbooks bound in one volume
11. 8s. Under Dramatic Literature are Moxon 's
edition of Beaumont and Fletcher 11 vols calf
1843-6, 11. 10s. ; and Baskerville's Congreve!
3 vols., original calf, 1761, 51. 5s. Under Johnson
are the first edition of the ' Dictionary ' and the
first of Boswell. Under Italian Literature is the
best edition of Alfieri, 22 vols., 4to, full citron
morocco, Pisa, 1805, 31. 3s. Under Prayer Books
are Pickering's folio reprints, 7 vols., dark-blue
morocco, 1844, 51. 12s. 6d. Scottish Literature
includes issues of the Scottish History Society,
Scottish Text Society, Burton's ' History,' and
Douglas's ' Poetical Works.' Under French
Literature are Didot's ' Nouvelle Biographic
Generate,' 46 vols., 61. 10s. ; and Thiers's histori-
cal works, 32 vols., 31. 3s. Among Shakespeare
items is the ' Cambridge Shakespeare,' 9 vols.
levant, 1863-6, 4f. 4s. A choice copy of Wood's
' Athenae Oxonienses,' 4 vols., 4to, russia extra,
1813-20, is 61. 6s. A collection of twenty-three
first editions, with five early editions, of Leigh.
140
NOTES AND QUERIES. pi s. m. FEB. is, 1911.
Hunt, 30 vols., half -morocco, 3 in boards uncut,
6 in publishers' cloth uncut, 39 vols. in all, 1807-
1878, is priced HZ. 11s.
Mr. George Gregory's Bath Catalogue, Nos.
201-2 contains under Book-plates the Journal
of the Ex-libris Society, 11 vols., 4to, half-calf,
1892-1901, 31. 10s. Boyne's ' Tokens,' 4to, 1858,
is 6Z. 6s. ; Burney's ' History of Music,' 4 vols.,
4to, calf, 1789, 3Z. 3s. ; the second edition (first
in folio) of ' The Anatomy of Melancholy,' 1624,
101. ; and Cooke's ' British Fungi,' 8 vols., in the
original parts, 11Z. Under Court Memoirs and
Napoleana is La Belle AssenihUe, 15 vols., 1808-
1813, 8Z. Under Cruikshank is an autograph copy
of ' The Bottle,' 61. There is a set of The Gentle-
man's Magazine, complete, with the exception of
4 vols., 221. ; and a set of Jesse's Memoirs,
"30 vols., new, 121. Horace Walpole's copy of
Le Neve's ' Monumenta Anglicana,' 5 vols., old
calf, 1717-19, is 6Z. Under the Masterpieces of
the Museo del Prado are 110 exquisite photo-
gravure reproductions, a special subscription
copy, Berlin Photographic Company, 15?. Under
White's ' Selborne ' is the first edition, 11. Is. The
frontispiece is mounted and cut close at top,
hence the low price. Under Wiltshire are Hoare's
' Ancient History,' 2 vols., 1810-19, and the
' Modern History,' 6 vols., 1822-52, imperial folio,
morocco, 35Z. There are works from the libraries
of the Rev. Foskett Wayne and our old corre-
spondent Charles Lawrence Ford. There is a
long list of Bohn's Libraries. Under Japanese
Art is ' One Hundred Masterpieces,' 2 vols.
Tokyo, 1909, 6Z.
Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current
711 contains a fine copy of the rare editio princeps
of Aristophanes, Venetiis, apud Aldum, 1498,
folio, old olive morocco, 351. There are also fine
copies of rare editions of the Bible, including
Biblia Sacra Latina Vulgatse Editionis, in Gothic
letter, 4 vols., folio, half-parchment, Venice,
1489, 20Z. ; the last edition but one of Cranmer's,
1562, 311. 10s. ; and the second folio of the
Authorized Version, 1613, 11. Is. Other rare
books are the 1757 Boccaccio, 5 vols., 12Z. 12s.
' Edinburgh Essays,' 3 vols., 1754-71, 61. 6s.
and a tall copy of the first edition of Parkinson's
' Garden,' 1629, 21Z. Under Shelley are the
.original first issue of ' St. Irvyne,' 1811, 65Z. ;
.and Moxon's edition, 4 vols., 1839, 4Z. 4s. There
is a set of first editions of Stevenson, 38 vols., very
-.scarce, 52Z. 10s. An extremely rare book is the
first edition of Stubbes's ' Anatomie of Abuses,'
1583, 21Z. Only one copy of this has been sold by
auction during the past twenty years, and realized
27Z. Under Milton is a fine tall copy of the first
edition of ' Paradise Regained ' and ' Samson
Agonistes,' 70Z. This has the rare first leaf,
" Licensed July 2, 1670," and unpaged leaf of
Errata at end. There is a sumptuous set of Byron
with Life by Moore, Murray '3 library edition,
.extra-illustrated with 40 mezzotint portraits and
495 views, 10 thick 4to volumes, with book-plate of
son is a genuine copy of the first issue of ' Helen's
Tower.' Only a few copies of this were presented
to friends ; this was given by Lady Gifford to
her son on his twenty-first birthday, and there
are ten lines on the last leaf by the poet. Among
Thackeray items is the first "edition of ' Vanity
Fair ' with the suppressed woodcuts of Lord
Steyne, new calf, 4Z. 15s.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
Byron, 1830-39, 60Z. Under Greater London
we find the well-known names of Agas, Besant,
Chamberlain, Clinch, Maitland, and others,
beside Malcolm's ' Londinium Redivivum,' in-
cluding the 'Anecdotes,' 6 vols., 4to, 1802-11,
4Z. 4s., and Wilkinson's ' Londina,' 2 vols., 4to,
1819-25, 5Z. 5s. There is a long list under Scot-
land, including Stuart's ' Sculptured Stones,'
2 vols., folio, 1856-67, 10Z. 10s. Under Tenny-
MR. W. L. RUTTON, F.S.A. As a correspondent
of Mr. Rutton for several years, I should like to
express my sense of the great loss that the study
of London topography has sustained by his death.
The correspondence began some seventeen or
eighteen years ago, when an inquiry regarding the
site of Mrs. Siddons's house at Paddington was
being pursued in ' N. & Q.,' and Mr. Rutton, by his
skill as a surveyor, was enabled satisfactorily to
settle the question, in the opinion of those best
qualified to judge. Since then scarcely a month
elapsed without the receipt of a letter on some
interesting topic. In June, 1909, when I met him
at the British Museum in order to look through
some authorities to which I wished him to refer
in connexion with the paper on Eia which he was
about to read before the Society of Antiquaries,
and which has since been published in the Archceo-
'.ogia, he seemed as hale and vigorous as an
ordinary man of fifty. In his last letter, which
was dated less than three weeks before his death,
he told me he was beginning a series of papers on
Westminster for The Home Counties Magazine,
in which some of his best work is contained, and
had ventured on a visit to the British Museum,
from which he had suffered no hurt save a
temporary obstruction in breathing which he was
getting over. His death from cardiac asthma on
the 3rd inst. was, I fear, the result of this visit.
Mr. Rutton made no pretensions to being a man
of great erudition, but he was a careful and pains-
taking antiquary, who never accepted a statement
on trust, but always endeavoured to find record
authority in support of his views. His letters were
usually sal bed with an infusion of dry humour
which made them pleasant reading." He will
perhaps be best remembered by his ' History of the
Wentworths,' which is a work of considerable
value.
W. F. P.
10 Of0rrap0ntonis.
ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
EDITORIAL communications should be addressed
bo "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Ad ver-
risements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
ishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.C.
G. W. E. R. (" Chinese Version of ' Excelsior'").
Anticipated 11 S. ii. 357.
W. B., Hammersmith, J. T. C., and E. H. H.
Forwarded.
n H. in. FEB. 25, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
141
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2.5, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 61.
NOTES : Lomonossov, 141 Bishopsgate Street Without,
142 Gray's 'Elegy': Translations and Parodies, 144
Prince of Wales as Churchwarden Keats, Hampstead,
and Sir C. W. Dilke, 145 "Scavenger" " Fenelons "
'N.E.D.': Missing Words Marriage on 30 February-
Hertfordshire Monumental Inscriptions Mrs. Booth,
Actress, 146.
QUERIES : Arnolfini Family" George Inn " at Woburn
" Pro patria est dura ludere videraur "Rev. Stephen
Radcliff e -Authors Wanted' Saturday Review ' and
Saxons Bishop of Durham and Curate Thirty-Nine
Articles, 147 Sir Andrew Judd Litany : Spitting and
Stamping the Feet Rev. Edward Young Nurmington
Church Dedication Pewter Church Flagon Napoleon
and Elizabeth Poulyne Thomas Morres Jones' Les
Arrivants ' " Owns " : " Blithering." 148" Teapoy"
Albertus a Lasco Gratious Street=Gracechurch Street
Crevequer Wortley-Montagu Queen's College, Oxford
Absinthe-drinking Ear-Piercing, 149.
REPLIES : Vanishing London, 149 Mansel Family, 151
Lamb, Burton, and Spiera George I.'s Statues
Gamnecourt, 152 " God moves in a mysterious way"
Dickens: " Shallabalah " " The Old Mogul," Drury
Lane Oundle Thread Papers, 153 Lady O'Looney's
Epitaph Mother's Maiden Name as Children's Surname
Geoffrey Pole, 154 "Tewke," "Tuke" "Let us go
hence, my songs "Moving Pictures and Cinematographs,
155 Epigram in Schopenhauer Church with Wooden
Bell-TurretCourt Life, 156 Scarborough Spa Marine
Insurance, 157 The Black Prince's Language Great
Snow in 1614 Sir Charles Chalmers, Bt., 158.
NOTES ON BOOKS :-'The Cambridge History of English
Literature.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
Jiofcs.
LOMONOSSOV,
A GREAT RUSSIAN^PIONEER.
IN view of the approaching celebrations of
the birth of Michael Vasilievitch Lomo-
nossov (1711-65), organized by the Imperial
Russian Academy of Sciences and other
bodies, some notes on this eminent man of
letters and science may prove of interest.
Lomonossov is a master and creator in the
literary language dating from the refoims
of Peter the Great, and the sway of Church
Slavonic had in his time already receded.
Michael Lomonossov was born at the
village of Dennisovka, near Kholmogory,
Archangel government, the son of the
fisherman Vassili Dorofeievitch. Khol-
mogory at that period possessed the im-
portance later acquired by Archangel. There
are local monuments of the future gram-
marian, including the stone church he
.attended with its ikons and vessels, and
graves in the cemetery with names of con-
temporaries and relatives. The arrange-
ment of a Lomonossov Museum and the
foundation of a special school, among other
suggestions, have engaged the attention of
the goverrtor and municipal authorities of
Archangel.
Young Michael shared with his father the
perils of the White Sea fishery, but early
showed great liking for reading ; and it is
said that Dudin, the leading magnate of
Kurostrov, had a rich library to which
Michael had access. His mother, daughter
of a priest, encouraged him, but later a hard
step-mother as well as his father reproached
Michael for wasting time over books.
Finally he started on foot for Moscow,
carrying Simeon Polotzky's psalter, Meletii
Smotritsky's Slavonic grammar, and the
arithmetic of L. P. Magnitzky. In 1731
Michael entered the Slaviano-Greco-Latin
Academy. Vassili Dorofeievitch lived ten
years after his son left, heard of his success,
and was drowned in the White Sea. Michael
wrote to his family with regard to the
recovery and burial of the body. At the
Academy the younger pupils derided this
" duffer of twenty years " who had come
to learn Latin, but he surpassed them all,
and in 1736, after a period at Kiev, he was
sent abroad with other students by the
Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg to
work at science. Both Henckel of Freiberg
and Christian Wolff of Marburg spoke well
of Lomonossov's progress in physical sciences.
Unfortunately, his career was not only
marked by diligence, since he contracted
debts, wandered about, and was seized by a
Prussian recruiting party near Diisseldorf,
and taken to the fortress of Wesel to serve,
but escaped.
Returning to Russia, Lomonossov did not
readily find recognition of his talents, and
when he was appointed adjunct to the
Imperial Academy the German party were
predominant. In 1746 he became Pro-
fessor, and found friends in Counts Orlov
and Vorontsov, his special Maecenas being
Count Shuvalov. Lomonossov sought to
effect reforms in the University and the
Academy, and Prof. A. Bruckner says of his
abilities that " he stood in place of an
academy and a university, technical in-
stitutes, and chemical laboratories." He
did not hide his light under a bushel, and
claimed with justice that he had conferred
honour on his country through his work.
The Government and the University sent
manuscripts for him to examine as censor
and corrector, and more stress is laid by
142
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. FEB. 25, 1911.
Polevoi and other writers on Lomonossov as
a man of letters than as a scientific worker.
He well understood the limits of science and
literature, for, in his own words,
" the mathematician is not reasonable who thinks
he can measure the will of God with a pair of
compasses, nor is the instructor of divinity if he
supposes he can teach astronomy or chemistry
out of the Psalter."
The search for the North Pole and the North-
West Passage engaged Lomonossov' s atten-
tion.
Born with the old Novgorod dialect,
Lomonossov became familiar with other
forms of Russian through residence at
Moscow and Kiev, and mastered the com-
plicated grammar of Church Slavonic. His
works include a short Russian chronicle ;
the grammar, odes, tragedies, and Court
panegyrics ; writings on chemistry, elec-
tricity, glass manufacture, and metallurgy ;
and translations from Lucian, Erasmus,
Rousseau, and Junker. He was high in
favour under the Tsaritsa Elizabeth, but
retired from the Academy with a pension
soon after the accession of Catherine II.
I have heard Russian class-masters extol
the career of Lomonossov as a model for
young pupils in the tone of Dr. Samuel
Smiles, a form of exhortation which creates
disappointment quite as often as it en-
courages. The eloquent tribute to the
merits of the Russian language, in which
Lomonossov cites Charles V., included in
Reiff's grammar, is known to many who are
unfamiliar with his life and work.
FRANCIS P. MAKCHANO?.
Streatham Common.
BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT.
(See ante, p. 2.)
" THE CATHERINE WHEEL " in Bishopsgate
Without, between Nos. 43 and 48, was,
until lately pulled down, the last of the old
galleried inns in Bishopsgate Within and
Without. Some years before its demolition
it was severely damaged by fire, or it would
probably have held out longer. Only one
side of the house remained in 1895, and the
galleries upon which the eyes of generations
of travellers and carriers had rested, in
anticipation of the repose afforded behind
them, had been filled in with glass partitions.
The date 1564 was upon an old lamp pre-
served on the premises ; but whether this was
an afterthought with a view to " business "
one cannot say. I had not time in 1895
to look over the remains thoroughly, though
many features of antiquarian interest were
claimed for what remained of the old inn.
There was a local tradition that the stables
of the inn were by no means innocent of
accommodating the horses of " gentlemen
of the road," among whom is said to have
been that glorified rascal Richard Turpin.
" On Saturday last Sir Humphrey Cahoon,
a Scotch Gentleman, took a lodging at the'
Katherine-Wheel Inn without Bishopsgate ; and
next Morning about ten a Clock cut his own
Throat with a Penknife, in so violent a Manner,
that tho' the Assistance of able Surgeons was
called in, he died in the Space of an Hour after.
The Coroner's Inquest having sat upon the Body,
brought in their Verdict Lunacy ; it appearing
that for some time he was disorder 'd in his Senses."
Weekly Journal, 25 Aug., 1722.
If this be Sir Humphrey Colquhoun of the
Nova Scotia baronetcy, the origin of whose
family is " enveloped in the obscurity of
remote antiquity," the date does not agree
with that given by Burke. Sir Humphrey
Colquhoun, a member of the Union Parlia-
ment, died, according to the ' Peerage ' of
1864, in 1715, but in another part of the
account of the family the date is given as
1718.
It has been assumed I think erroneously
that this sign had its origin in the Knights
of St. Catherine of Mount Sinai, an order
created in 1063 for the protection of pilgrims
on their way to and from the Holy Sepulchre.
This, of course, might be indirectly the case,
but it is exceedingly probable that the sign
was derived more directly from the arms of
the Turners' Company, before that Company
was incorporated, 2 James I., 1604. These
arms are : Azure, a Catherine wheel between
two columns or ; in chief, a regal crown
proper ; in base, an axe argent, handled of
the second, lying fesseways, the blade down-
wards. (Cf. "The Axe Inn" in St. Mary
Axe, 9 S. x. 425 ; xi. 110, 231 ; xii. 170,
253, 351, 507 ; 10 S. i. 89.)
In connexion with Richard Flecknoe's
assertion that " The Catherine Wheel "
became " The Cat and Wheel," owing to
religious prejudice (' ^Enigmatical Charac-
ters,' 1658, 8vo), it is worthy of note that
in the scarce little book called ' The Stranger's
Guide, or Traveller's Directory,' three dis-
tinct Cat and Wheel Alleys are thus de-
scribed :
" Cat and Wheel Alley, in Bishopsgate Street
without.
Cat and Wheel Alley, in Whitechapel.
Cat and Wheel Alley, on Snow Hill."
It is probable that religious prejudice
had nothing to do with the popular abbrevia-
tion. At all events, in the same ' Guide y
us. m. FEB. 25, i9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
143
(p. 173) the carriers are announced to set out
from " The Catherine Wheel " (not " The
Cat and Wheel ") in Bishopsgate Street.
There was another " Catherine Wheel "
at probably No. 80, which was known in the
middle of the eighteenth century as " The
Katherine Wheel and George " ; and there
is still a George and Katherine Wheel Alley
between Nos. 80 and 81 :
" To be Sold,
At the Katherine Wheel and George in
Bishopsgate-Street,
A Gelding, fourteen Hands and a half high, comes
six Years old, walks, trots, and gallops well, and
warranted sound. Likewise a handsome Glass
Coach, fit for Town or Country, to be sold at a
reasonable price." Daily Advertiser, 22 June,
1712.
Dunning' s Alley, between 151 and 152,
was named after the ground landlord who
built it. But Farrar's Rents, between
163 and 164, are not mentioned at all by
Dodsley. They are, however, later by both
kockie and Elmes in their Topographical
Dictionaries, where in both instances the
name is spelt Farrer.
Next comes Half-Moon Street, between
167 and 169. " The Half Moon," as a
token indicates, was a brewhouse (Beaufoy
Coll., No. 177). Joan Wood in 1600, by
her last will, gave a rent charge arising from
the brewhouse called " The Half -Moon,"
and a house in Half-Moon Alley, with the
lands and tenements, to St. Botolph's for
charitable uses (Stow's ' Survey of London,'
1754, vol. i. p. 423).
Another person no doubt benefited greatly
the parish of St. Buttolph, in the church of
which his monument may be seen. This
was the wealthy and generous (he seems to
have been something more than merely
liberal) Sir Paul Pindar. His town mansion,
and the tavern that succeeded it, stood at
the corner of Half -Moon Street, No. 169,
Bishopsgate Street Without. The sign-
board, bearing a half-length portrait of
this famous merchant of the Stuart period,
was considered by the Society of Anti-
quaries sufficiently authentic for engraving
and publication. Before it was discarded, it
was to be seen placed flat against the wall
beneath the central window of the wealthy
knight's town mansion, for such it was
or, to be more correct, a portion of it
before its conversion to the uses of a tavern.
But the whole of the remains the great
reception room, and the famous panelled
bay-windows, two stories in height, adorned
with grotesque carvings were removed in
1891 to make way for the Great Eastern
Railway Company's terminus - widening
scheme. The fact that the Company pre-
sented these remains to the South Kensing-
ton Museum, where they formed a valuable
addition to the Architectural Court, testifies
eloquently to the value placed by experts
upon their artistic importance as an example
of the domestic architecture of the period.
"The Sir Paul Pindar's Head," as the
tavern was called, was one of the first places
to vend " Butt beer, commonly called
Porter." An announcement in The Daily
Advertiser, 15 October, 1742, is as follows :
A CHALLENGE to the whole
Town for
BUTT BEER, commonly call'd PORTER.
This " Butt beer," or " entire butt beer,"
or " porter," is said to have been first in-
vented and used by a brewer named Har-
wood, in 1722, to save the drawer (or
" skinker," as he was called in Ben Jonson's
time) the trouble of going to three different
taps for what was called " half-and-half "
and later " three threads," i.e., a third of ale,
beer, and twopenny combined. Hence the
frequent legend " So-and-So's Entire," the
concoction deriving its name " porter "
from being in such great demand by porters.
Sir Paul Pindar's monument may be seen
in St. Botolph's Church, Bishopsgate. He
was born at Wellingborough in North-
amptonshire. At sixteen he was taken from
school and put apprentice to Mr. Parvish,
an Italian merchant, who sent him at eigh-
teen as his factor to Venice, where, and in
parts adjacent, he resided for fifteen years
or so, trading upon his own account, and
on commissions both from his old master
and from others of different countries, and
accumulating a large estate. After trading
five years in England, he became, through
the instrumentality of the Turkey Company,
Ambassador from the Court of James I.
to the Grand Signior at Constantinople ,
where he much improved the Levant trade
in British manufactures, which had been
greatly injured by the competition of the
Dutch and French. His wealth enabled
him to become the possessor of a diamond
from Turkey valued at 30,OOOZ., which he
sold to James I. on credit " to wear at divers
times on days of great solemnity." It was
afterwards sold to Charles I., by whom it
was transmuted into funds for securing the
safety of Henrietta Maria and her children
during the Civil War.
There are many other instances of Sir
Paul Pindar's generosity and benefactions,
and of his loyalty to Charles I. when that
monarch was in difficulties. But of all his
144
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. in. FEB. 25, 1911,
great acquisitions, nothing, even so early as
1683, remained but his epitaph engraved in
modest style upon black marble over the
grave in St. Botolph's :
Sir Paul Pindar, Kt.
His Majesty's Ambassador to the Turkish
Emperor
Anno Dom. 1611, and Nine Years Resident.
Faithful in Negotiations, Foreign and Domestjck ;
Eminent for Piety, Charity, Loyalty, and
Prudence.
An Inhabitant Twenty-six Years, and bountifull
Benefactor
to this Parish.
He died the 22d of August, 1650,
Aged 84 years.
Thomas Pyndar, Esq., son of Sir Paul,
had for a short time possession of Nerquis
House in Flintshire by marriage with Miss
Wynne, heiress of the place. Their son
Paul was created a baronet in 1662, and
as he died single, the estate devolved by
maternal right to Paul Williams, Esq., of
Pont-y-gwyddel. On the death of Edward
Williams, Esq., in 1737, it fell to his sister,
relict of Robert Hyde, Esq.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
(To be continued.")
GRAY'S ' ELEGY ' :
TRANSLATIONS AND PARODIES.
(See ante, p. 62.)
II. PARODIES AND IMITATIONS.
See 2 S. xii. 128; 3 S. i. 112, 197, 220,
255, 339, 355, 398, 432 ; ii. 17, 55, 199 ;
6 S. viii. 107 ; ix. 509 ; x. 37, 112, 239 ;
8 S. iii. 44 ; 9 S. vii. 8 ; 10 S. ii. 175 : v. 406.
English.
Alfred. ' Alas ! Poor Fallen Sir Francis !
Elegy written in Westminster Hall.' In The
Morning Post, 20 May, 1811. Cf. 3 S. ii. 17 ;
5 S. iii. 44.
' The Author ' (a parody on the Epitaph).
One stanza quoted by Walter Hamilton,
* Parodies of the Works of English and Ame-
rican Authors,' January, 1888, part 50, p. 42.
William Lisle Bowles. ' Elegy written at the
Hotwells, Bristol, July, 1789.' London, Cadell
6 Davies (what date ?). Two stanzas quoted by
Hamilton, 077. tit., p. 44.
Michael Bruce. ' Elegy, written in Spring.'
In Pratt, ' Cabinet of Poetry,' 1808, v. 429-31.
John Brandish. ' An Elegy on a Family-
Tomb.' Cambridge, 1783.
C. 'An Elegy, written in a London Church-
yard.' In ' The Annual Anthology,' 1800, pp.
247-53. Cf. 9 S. vii. 8. Apparently a mere
revision of ' An Elegy in a London Churchyard,'
an The Morning Post, 18 July, 1799. See below.
Lord Chelmsford. ' Circuit Elegy.' Copies
were printed and sent to the Bar Mess, 12 Jiily,
1881. Eeprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., pp. 36-7.
Corporal Trim. ' Nocturnal Contemplations
in Barham-Down Camp, 1795.' In The Gentle-
man's Magazine, June, 1801, Ixxi. 549-50. Re-
printed in ' The Port Folio,' 1801, i. 352, and in
L. D.'s edition of the ' Elegy ' with a French
translation, 1806, where it is signed H.
' Cremorne : an Elegy.' In Funny Folks, 1878.
Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 36.
John Cunningham. ' An Elegy on a Pile of
Ruins.' London, 1761.
J. S. Dalton. ' Pensive in a Boneyard.' In
' Lyra Bicyclia,' 1885.
Thomas "Dibdin. 'Woes of Change; or, The
Lachrymatory Lament of Laudator Temporis
(et Rerum). Act i.' In The Comic Magazine,
vol. i. 1832.
William Dobson (3 S. ii. 55) quotes from memory
a parody of the Epitaph published at the time of
the Reform Bill agitation. Can any one now
supply the reference ?
[Hugh Downman.] ' An Elegy wrote under a
Gallows.' London, [1770 ?1.
John Buncombe. ' An Elegy written in Canter-
bury Cathedral.' Canterbury, 1778. Merely a
loose imitation.
Same. ' An Evening Contemplation in a
College.' London, 1753. The first of the long
series of parodies. Reprinted as by "An
Oxonian " in 1776 (cf. 2 S. xii. 128).
Edward. ' Elegy.' In The Mirror, 26 Feb.,
1825, v. 131-2.
Thomas Edwards. Additional stanzas for the
1 Elegy.' In The Gentleman's Magazine, March,
1782, Iii. 120.
' Elegy.' In ' The Poetical Calendar,' 2nd ed.,
1763, vi." 68-70.
' Elegy.' In The Mirror, 1825, v. 131.
' An Elegy in a London Churchyard.' In
The Morning Post, 18 July, 1799. Cf. 3 S. i. 356.
1 An Elegy in Imitation of Gray.' Written in the
King's Bench Prison, by a Minor. London, 1790.
' Elegy in St. Stephen's Chapel.' In ' The New
Tory Guide,' London, 1819.
' Elegy on a Betting Office.' In Diogenes,
1853. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 31.
' Elegy on a Pair of Breeches.' In ' The
British Minerva,' Hamburgh, 1818. Reprinted
by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 22.
' An Elegy on Cremation.' In Scribner's
Monthly, July, 1875.
' Elegy on the Death of Bow-Fair, 1823.'
In The Mirror, 1823. Reprinted by Hamilton,
op. cit., p. 23.
' An Elegy on the Death of The Guardian Out-
witted.' London, 1765.
1 An Elegy on the Departed Season.' In
Banter, September, 1867. Reprinted by Hamil-
ton, op. cit., pp. 47-8.
' Elegy, Supposed to be written on a Field of
Battle.' London, 1818. Loosely imitative.
' Elegy written among the Tombs in West-
minster Abbey.' In Bell's ' Fugitive Poetry,'
London, 1789, 'ix. 36-42.
' An Elogy written at a Carthusian Monastery
in the Austrian Netherlands.' London, 1775.
' Elegy written in a College Library.' In
Sir J. H. Moore's ' Elegant Extracts from the
British Poets,' 1824. Reprinted by Hamilton,
op. cit., pp. 22-3.
ii s. in. FEB. 25, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
145
' An Elegy, written in a London Churchyard.'
By a Tradesman in the Vicinity. In Punch,
1849, xvii. 111. Cf. 3 S. i. 220. In slightly
altered form reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 31.
' Elegy written in a Railway Station.' In
Punch, 1853, xxiv. 88. Cf. 3 S. i/339.
' Elegy written in a Town Church Yard.' In
' The Yorkshirernan's Comic Annual,' 1885.
Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., pp. 41-2.
' Elegy written in Bartlemy Fair, at Five
o'clock in the Morning.' In The Morning
Chronicle, 14 Sept., 1812. Cf. 3 S. i. 356.
' An Elegy written in Covent Garden.' London,
[1765 ?]. Cf. 3 S. i. 356 ; ii. 199 ; 6 S. viii. 107 ;
x. 37, 112, 239.
' Elegy written in Poets' Corner, "Westminster
Abbey.' In The Spirit of Ihe Public Journals,
1802, vi. 131-2. Cf. 3 S. ii. 17.
' Elegy written in Rotten Row by a Discon-
solate Swell.' In Funny Folks, 12 August,
1876. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., pp. 34-5*
' An Elegy written in St. Bride's Church-Yard,
on Tuesday the Third of January, 1769.' London,
1769.
' Elegy written in the House of Commons.'
in Echoes from the Clubs, 24 July, 1867. Reprinted
by Hamilton, op cit., pp. 33-4.
' An Elegy written in Westminster Hall.' See
Alfred.
' An Elegy written in Westminster Hall during
the Ixmg Vacation.' In The Repository, 1777,
ii. 77-82.
' Elegy written near a Suburban Station House.'
By a Ticket-of-Leave Man. In Punch, 1856,
xxxi. 217. Cf. 3 S. i. 197.
' An Elegy written on a Poor, Honest Man,'
&c. In The Gentleman's Magazine, 1775, xlv.
339-40.
' Epitaph on a Late Administration.' In
The Morning Chronicle, 18 January, 1811. Re-
printed by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 18.
' Epitaph on a Noted Highwayman.' In The
Spirit of the Public Journals, vol. x., 1806. Re-
printed by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 39.
' Epitaph on " The Pic-Nic." ' In The Morning
Post, 1803. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 39.
CLARK S. NORTHUP.
Munich.
(To be concluded.)
These may be added :
Italian.
Giuseppe Torelli. In ' Consiglio ad un Giovane
Poeta del Sig. Sherlock,' 4th ed., London, 1780,
pp. 111-21.
Latin.
Elegia in Ccemeterio rustico scripta, numeris
elegiacis Latine reddita. Auctore Coll. Cant.
Alumno. 8vo, 13 leaves, 1776.
Gray's Elegy ; translated into Latin Ovidian
Verse. By the Author of ' Lacon.' 2nd ed.,
8vo, 7 leaves, London, 1822. The second title
says " C. C. Colton."
Gray's Elegy translated into Latin verse, in-
cluding the author's rejected stanzas, together
with Dr. Edwards's additional lines. By D. B.
Hickie. London, A. J. Valpy, 1823. "8vo, 12
leaves. Signed D. Bamfield Hickie, Bracon-
dale, n r Norwich, 10 Dec., 1822. Dedicated to
Sheffield Grace of the Inner Temple.
W. C. B.
With reference to the query about
Zhukovsky's Russian translation of Gray's
' Elegy,' may I refer to my note on the subject
at 10 S. v. 357 ?
FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
V. A. Zhukovsky's version of Gray's
' Elegy,' mentioned ante, p. 64, is in most
of the reading books recommended by the
Russian Minister of Education. It is usually
among the poems selected for the pupils to
learn by heart. In most Russian antho-
logies this translation is to be found.
The Italian translations by Cesarotti and
by Torelli, referred to on p. 63, and the
Latin version by Costa (ibid.), were repub-
lished at Parma in 1793 in a quarto volume
entitled * Elegia inglese sopra un Cimitero
campestre, con due vers. italiane di G.
Torelli, Melch. Cesarotti, ed altra lat. di
G. Costa.' This edition is mentioned in the
' Dictionnaire Bibliographique,' published
in Paris in 1824.
Perhaps Count Algarotti (1712-64), a
friend of Gray and admirer of his poetry,
translated the ' Elegy ' into Italian. His
complete works were published in 1811 at
Venice in seventeen volumes, and reprinted
in 1891-4. H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
The following fact may interest MR.
CLARK S. NORTHUP. In 1880 there appeared
at Rotterdam ' Th. Gray, Het graf. Elegie.
Uit het Engelsch door J. van Krieken,' 8vo.
A. E. H. SWAEN.
Groningen.
THE PRINCE OF WALES AS CHURCH-
WARDEN. King Edward VII., when Prince
of W T ales, was the first heir apparent to the
throne to be admitted a churchwarden.
The Rev. T. T. Perowne, Rector of Reden-
hall, Norfolk, had the unique honour
of admitting the Prince officially to the
churchwardenship of Sandringham, and the
Archdeacon's Articles of Inquiry were
always signed by his Royal Highness. The
Prince acted as Minister's Churchwarden,
with Sir Dighton Probyn as his colleague.
Certainly no parish in England ever before
had the heir apparent for its churchwarden.
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
KEATS, HAMPSTEAD, AND SIR C. W.
DILKE. Reference has been already made in
'N & Q.' (9 S. ii. 90, 167) to the poet's asso-
ciations with this salubrious suburb. It is
interesting to learn that the unique collection
of relics formed by the late Sir Charles
146
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. FEB. 25, 1911.
Dilke are now to find a permanent home
there, in accordance with the wishes of
the lamented baronet. Hitherto, as we
know, they have been exhibited at the
Chelsea Public Library. It is anticipated
that the treasures of books, letters, and
manuscripts will find shelter at one of the
numerous libraries of Hampstead. The
Central Library in the Finchley Road has
been suggested. But it may be thought
more appropriate to choose the branch
in the Worsley Road as being nearest to
Keats' Grove (formerly John Street), with its
imperishable memories of the gifted poet.
CECIL CLARKE.
" SCAVENGER " AND " SCAVAGER." In
a review of two sections of the 'N.E.D.'
(ante, p. 98) it is said that " scavenger " is
altered from " scavager " with intrusive n.
I am not able to consult the ' N.E.D.,' but
think it likely that this theory is based on
Mr. Riley's statement that
" the City Scavagers, it appears, were originally
public officers, whose duty it was to attend at the
Hythes and Quays for the purpose of taking
custom upon the Scavage (i.e., Showage) or open-
ing out of imported goods. . . .These officers, no
doubt, gave name to the ' Scavengers ' of the
present day."
Dr. Round quotes this passage (from the
introduction to the ' Liber Albus,' p. xli) in
his * Commune of London,' and remarks
that " no evidence whatever is adduced by
Mr. Riley for his assertion that the * Sca-
vagers ' originally performed the above
duty or had anything to do with it "
(pp. 256-7). Has any evidence for the
" scavage " theory been discovered, and
if so, where is it to be found ?
No doubt the 'N.E.D.' has given due
weight to the important document "printed
by Dr. Round (ibid., pp. 255-6), which
proves that early in the thirteenth century
the Scavengers were appointed to act as
inspectors of the watch :
" Debent autem escavingores eligi qui singulis
diebus a vigilia Nat[alis] domini usque ad diem
epyphanie videant illos qui debent de nocte
vigilare quod sint homines defensi biles et decenter
ad hoc armati Et si aliqua defalta in custodia
contigerit, escavingores debent illos 'inbreviare et
ad primum hustingum vicecomitibus tradere."
The document in question is assigned by
Dr. Round to 1213. G. H. WHITE. *
St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk.
[See Prof. Skeat's ' Etymological Dictionary,' Ed.
4, 1910.J
"FENELONS" OR "TAB SLIPPERS."
Your reviewer in his very interesting notes
on the ' N.E.D.' (ante, p. 99) writes, " Simple
things are not always easy to define,"
instancing " tab," a short strap or projecting
part, &c. It may not be known that " tab
slippers " are slippers made with a tongue
or flap reaching into the instep. They were
formerly known as " Fenelon slippers,"
called after the famous preacher, for what
reason I have never been able to find out.
Ladies used to be very partial to " tab
slippers" on account of the ease of " fitting-
on," but they seem now to have discarded
them in favour of bar shoes, with straps'
over the instep. Most gentlemen's slippers
still retain " the tab " or flap.
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
* N.E.D.' : MISSING WORDS IN ' Si
SIMPLE.' I have sought in vain for the
following words in the section referred to :
Silvate, Silvic (see Rennie's ' New Supple-
ment to the Pharmacopoeias,' 1837 :
" Silvates are formed by silvic acid like
pinates ") ; Sikimin (see Greenish' s ' Materia
Medica,' 1899, under ' Star Anise Fruit ' :
" The poisonous constituent is the crys-
talline principle sikimin"). C. C. B.
MARRIAGE ON 30 FEBRUARY. The note
of the Jersey tombstone with the date of
31 April (see US. ii. 524) recalls a similar
curiosity. In the registers of Kirkburton,
Yorks, * in February, 1640/41, there were
three children baptized on " the xxviijth " ;
and the concluding entry is
George Beardsall and Martha Roberts marled
the xxx th .
The next entry is a baptism on 7 March
(' The Parish Registers of Kirkburton,' i. 234).
A. RHODES.
[For other instances of 30 February see 10 S. i.
166, 233 : vii. 146, 216 ; viii. 330.]
HERTFORDSHIRE MONUMENTAL INSCRIP-
TIONS. I may state that another Hundred
of Hertfordshire (see 11 S. i. 205) that of
Broadwater is now completed, and the list
of inscriptions in each parish has been
transcribed, bound, and indexed. Inquiries
will be freely answered if a stamped and
addressed envelope is enclosed.
Typed indexes of the surnames in each
Hundred have been presented to the British
Museum Library. W. B. GERISH.
Bishop's Stortford.
MRS. BOOTH, ACTRESS. On 4 September,
1803, the Rev. Joseph Benson, a Methodist,
preaching at Lambeth, " gave the congre-
gation an interesting account of the con-
version and happy death of Mrs. Booth,
once a noted actress, of great comic powers
ii s. m. FEB. 25, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
147
and popularity." Some details follow, and
mention is made of the fire at Astley's
Amphitheatre, " within a few yards of the
chapel, the other night" ('Memoirs,' by
Richard Treffry, 1840, pp. 261-2).
W. C. B.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
ARNOLFINI FAMILY. Mr. W. H. James
Weale and other critics have from time to
time published biographical details in regard
to' Jan Arnolfini, whose portrait was twice
painted by Jan van Ey ck, and La Borde quoted
documents referring to " Jehan Arnoulphin,
marchant de Lucques, demourant a Bruges."
It may perhaps be as well to place on
record the following inscription that I lately
read on a tablet on a house in the Via del
Duomo at Lucca. Unfortunately, I copied
only part of it :
" Qui Visse Gio. Attilio Arnolfini, uomo di
Vasta mente e di larghi concetti. MDCCXXXIII
MDCCLXXXIl."
Do any of your readers know whether it is
possible to trace the descent of Giovanni
Attilio Arnolfini from the man whose
features are preserved to us in the portraits
in the National Gallery and at Berlin ?
MAUBICE W. BROCKWELL.
"GEORGE INN" AT WOBURN. In the
Court of Requests temp. Elizabeth reference
is made to "the George Inn" at Woburn,
Beds. Can any of your readers inform me
whether this inn is still in existence ?
TT r^ -ri
Christchurch, N.Z.
" PRO PATRIA EST DTJM LUDERE VIDEMUR."
Biichmann has not this saying at all ;
King ranks it among the Adespota. Can it
really not be traced back to its author ?
It would be a pity. As long as PROF.
BENSLY has not pronounced judgment, the
case is not hopeless ; so I appeal to his vast
learning. G. KRUEGER.
Berlin.
REV. STEPHEN RADCLIFFE, D.D. I
should be glad of any information concerning
the family history of the Rev. Stephen
Radcliffe, D.D., Vicar of Naas, co. Kildare,
who died December, 1732. E. G. COCK.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Who is the author of the following lines,
and to whom do they refer ?
A Scot and a Jesuit hand in hand
First taught the world to say
That peoples ought to have the power,
And princes should obey.
Also, who is the author of the following,
which is quite worthy of Burns ?
When Nature makes a man a king,
Nae croon needs she to gie Mm.
She claps a trade mark on his broo,
An' sends his patent wi' 'im.
W. E. WILSON.
Ha wick.
Can you help me to trace a quotation which
seems very familiar, but which I cannot find?
I may not have the exact words, but it is
something like this : " Out of the -
and waspish word ' No ' to pluck the sting."
T T? TJ 1 C*
J. K. r . <JT.
The captain's little daughter took her father by
the hand :
" Is not God upon the water as well as on the
land ? "
M. A. B.
In the forties I read as a boy the following
verse in Chambers' s Journal. Who wrote it ?
Good reader, I this little booke
Writ with one gray goose quill ;
A pen it was when it I tooke,
A pen I leave it still.
G. C.
' SATURDAY REVIEW ' AND THE SAXONS.
" Alfred belongs to a state of society (I say
it with all deference to The Saturday Eevieio
critic who keeps such jealous watch over the
honour of our Saxon ancestors) half -barbarous."
M. Arnold, ' Essay on Marcus Aurelius.'
Who was The Saturday Review critic,
or, at any rate, how, and in what numbers,
did he protect the honour of our Saxon
ancestors ?
[Probably E. A. Freeman.]
BISHOP OF DURHAM AND THE CURATE.
" We must pause, lest our readers reject us,
as the Bishop of Durham the poor curate, because
he was ' mystical and confused.' " Walter
Bagehot, ' Essay on Shakespeare.'
Who was the Bishop, and where is the
story told ?
THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES.
" A great divine tells us that^the Thirty-Nine
Articles are ' forms of thought.' " 7/m/.
Who was the great divine, and where
did he say this ? GEORGE SAMPSON.
148
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 25, 1911.
SIB ANDREW JUDD. Is there any portrait
in existence of Sir Andrew Judd or Judde ?
He was born at Barden, Tonbridge ; Lord
Mayor 1550 ; six times Master of the
Skinners' Company ; founder of Tonbridge
School ; a Muscovy merchant ; defended
London successfully at the time of Wyatt's
rebellion; died in 1558, and was buried in
St. Helen's Church, Bishopsgate. Apparently
no print or engraving exists of him.
J. POLAND.
Skinners' Hall, E.G.
LITANY : SPITTING AND STAMPING THE
FEET. Mr. W. Buckley Jones of Cefn
Bryntalch, Montgomeryshire, gives me per-
mission to send the following note written
in pencil in his father's bound first volume
of the third series of Archceologia Cambrensis
(1855) :
" Habit to spit and stamp the feet in the
Litany when we pray to beat down Satan under
our feet 234. It was the custom of the Rev d
Llewellin Davies, Rector of Llanmerewig."
The Rev. Llewelyn Davies was Rector of
that parish in Montgomeryshire 1794-1827,
when he died and was buried in it. There
is a tablet to his memory in the church of
St. Harmon's, Radnorshire.
Can the spitting be connected with
the classical spitting to avert " fascinatio "
or the evil eye ? Are other instances known
of the habit ? BASIL EVAN JONES.
University College, Oxford.
REV. EDWARD YOUNG. (See 4 S. ix. 63.)
Since I became rector of this parish I have
had many inquiries made respecting Edward
Young, author of the ' Night Thoughts,' who
was born here. The last received is one
concerning his only son, Frederick, who was
living at Welwyn in 1781. His daughter
Elizabeth was married at Gretna Green to
a Mr. Haine, circa December, 1781.
When did F. Young die, and did his
daughter leave any children ? If so, is any
representative of the family living now ?
E. L. H. TEW.
Uphara Rectory.
NUNNINGTON CHURCH DEDICATION : ST.
ANNE CHANGED TO ALL SAINTS. The dedica-
tion of Nunnington Church is to All Saints
e.nd St. James.
Village feasts, I believe, are generally
coincident with the church's saint's days ;
but Nunnington Feast is on the 5th of
August, which is neither All Saints' Day nor
St. James's Day.
Dr. Atkinson, the Master of Clare College,
Cambridge, stated, as I am told, that at the
Reformation dedications to St. Anne were
changed to All Saints. Am I right in con-
cluding that, in consequence of the deletion
of 10 or 11 days from the calendar in 1752,
the original dedication of Nunnington
Church was to St. Anne (26 July) and St.
James (25 July) ?
Can any one kindly give me the authority
for Dr. Atkinson's statement ?
WM. COLLINS.
Nunnington Rectory, York.
PEWTER CHURCH FLAGON, 1734. I have
a pewter church flagon with the inscription
" Richard Cock, Church Warden, 1734,"
I am anxious to find the church from which
it came, with a view to its return at my
death, or sooner if I discontinue collecting
pewter. It was purchased in Suffolk.
CHAS. G. J. PORT.
1, West Mansion, Worthing.
NAPOLEON AND MLLE. ELIZABETH Pou-
LYNE. In a book recently published by Mr.
Eveleigh Nash, called ' Recollections of a
Society Clairvoyant,' it is stated that the
Emperor fell in love with this lady when
he was at Erfurt in September, 1809. Miss
Poulyne is said to have been gifted with
** extraordinary psychic powers and the
uncanny gift of second sight." Napoleon
called her ".ma petite sorciere," and she
prophesied his disaster in Russia.
His letters to the lady are alleged to have
been sold to a collector after her death in
1881.
Is there any corroboration of this story,
and where are these letters now ?
HORACE BLEACKLEY.
THOMAS MORRES JONES is described, in
Burke' s 'Landed Gentry' for 1882 as "the
Bumper Squire Jones of Carolan's Muse."
should be glad to learn further particulars of
him. When was he born ? Whom and
when did he marry ? When in December,
1769, did he die ? G. F. R. B.
JEAN VOLE'S ' LES ARRIVANTS.' ' Les
Arrivants,' p. 76, by Jean Vole, reads :
"Mme. Guitton met la dernieremain au convert,
qui s'etalait sur une belle nappe a chemin de table
ouvrage," &c.
Can any of your readers construe this ?
J. M.
" OWNS " : " BLITHERING." What are
the meaning and derivation of the words
" owns " (" blood and owns ") and " blither-
ing " ("blithering baboon") in Shaw's
' The Devil's Disciple ' ? SPRING.
Vienna.
[Owns - wounds.]
ii s. in. FEB. 25, i9ii.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
149
"TEAPOY ": " CELL ABETTE . " In ' The
Warden ' by Trollope, in the account of the
Warden leaving Hiram's Hospital anc
removing his furniture, two things are men
tioned : his daughter's " teapoy " and his
" cellarette." I have heard the latter term
given to a drawer in a sideboard where
bottles are kept, but do not know it as a
separate piece of furniture. What is a
"teapoy"? is it an old name for a tea
caddy ? MABIE L. DUABTE.
[A "teapoy" is a three-legged table with a lift
ing top, enclosing tea-caddies, or a small stand for
holding teacup, sugar-basin, cream-jug, &c. Ogilvie's
' Imperial Dictionary ' quotes Yule to the effect that
the name has no relation to tea, but is an Anglo
Indian importation, a corruption of the Persian
sipai, tripos, and meaning a three-legged table or
tripod generally. The ' N.E.D.' includes both mean
ings of " cellarette."]
ALBEBTUS A LASCO. Can any reader
kindly inform me where I can find particu-
lars relating to the life of Albertus a Lasco,
a Polish Palatine, who visited England in the
time of Elizabeth ? SCYTHIAN.
[The ' D.N.B.,' under Laski or k Lasco, John, says :
" Albertus Laski, palatine of Siradz in Bohemia,
probably a nephew of the reformer, visited England
in 1583, and nearly ruined himself by searching for
the philosopher's stone with John Dee and Edward
Kelley." Reference is made to 2 S. x. 332, where
JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS supplies further interesting
information about Albertus.]
GBATIOUS OB GBACINES STBEET = GBACE-
CHUBCH STBEET. When did the change in
the name of this street take place ?
In a pamphlet ' The Nine Worthies of
London,' &c., 1592, in Harleian Miscell.,
vol. viii. p. 436, it is Gracious Street. In
' God's Warning to his People of England by
the great overflowing of the waters or
Floudes lately hapned in South Wales,' &c.,
the pamphlet is to be sold in Gratious
Street.
I have also found the name on several
pewter plates of about 1700. J. JESSON.
CBEVEQUEB OF BEBEFOBD. The name of
this place was used to distinguish one
branch of the great Kentish family. Where
is it ? OLD SABUM.
WOBTLEY-MONTAGU. WTio was Catherine,
married by licence 16 September, 1737, at
St. Paul's, Exeter, to Henry Ashe of Sowton,
Devon ? It would seem to be a mere
coincidence that Edward, the notorious eon
of the celebrated Lady Mary, in 1751
married a Miss Ashe, as that lady, reputed
to be the daughter of "a high personage,"
had nothing to do with the highly respectable
county family. OLD SABUM.
QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFOBD : FELLOW IN
1625. In the burials of Meysey Hampton,
Gloucestershire, occurs the following :
" Edmond Minister, Master of Arts, and
fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, buried Nov. 4,
1625."
Can any one oblige me with the surname
of the above ? It is the first entry in the
register, and indistinct.
R. J. FYNMOBE.
Sandgate.
ABSINTHE -DBINKING : ITS OBIGIN. This
practice undoubtedly dates from the French
wars in Algeria (1832-47) ; but while M.
Anselmier, a French physician, states in a
pamphlet published in 1862 that the French
soldiers on service in Algeria took to drinking
absinthe mixed with water because they
had no wine or beer, ' The Encyclopaedia
Britannica ' (tenth edition) says that they
were ordered to mix it with their wine as a
febrifuge. Can any one inform me, stating
also his authority, which of these accounts
is the correct one ? H. M.
EAB-PIEBCING. Can any reader give
information on this somewhat curious
subject, especially in relation to the practice
of piercing boys' ears, whether in connexion
with initiatory rites or otherwise ? Does the
custom survive in any part of Europe at the
present time, and in what manner is it com-
monly performed ? The subject is interest-
ing and has its bearings both on archaeological
and anthropological research. E. H. C.
VANISHING LONDON:
PROPRIETARY CHAPELS.
(US. ii. 202, 254, 293, 334.)
THBOUGH the courtesy of Mr. Harry W.
l,ee, the Chapter Clerk and Registrar to the
Bishop of London, and Prebendary Glen-
dinning Nash, the editor of ' The London
Diocese Book,' I am able to give the follow-
ng complete list of Proprietary Chapels
.vithin the diocese of London, asked for by
MB. CECIL CLABKE at the second reference.
There are Proprietary Chapels in other
dioceses, but Mr. Nash has no particulars
)f these.
Mr. Nash's name will always be associated
with that of Christina Rossetti, for during
her last illness he was her daily visitor,
and it was to Christ Church, Woburn Square,
150
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. 25, mi.
where he was at that time the minister, that
her remains were carried on Wednesday,
the 2nd of January, 1895, previous to their
interment in Highgate Cemetery. Mr. Nash
originated the memorial to her in the church,
and the reredos filled with paintings by
Burne - Jones perpetuates her association
there. In a note in ' N. & Q.' for November
2nd, 1901 (9 S. viii. 361), it was stated that
the cross given by her aunt Eliza Polidori,
which occupied a position in front of the
reredos, had been stolen.
PROPRIETARY CHAPELS WITHIN THE DIOCESE OF
LONDON.
Emanuel Chapel, Park Street, Chelsea.
S. John's Chapel, Downshire Hill.
Brunswick Chapel, Upper Berkeley Street.
S. Peter's Chapel, Buckingham Gate.
West Street Chapel, Seven Dials,
Rain's Chapel, Homerton.
Foundling Chapel, Guilford Street, W.C.
CHAPELS PULLED DOWN OR DIVERTED.
Bedford Chapel, Bloomsbury.
Belgrave Chapel, near Eaton Square.
Berkeley Chapel, Mayfair.
Bridewell Chapel, Blackfriars.
Curzon Chapel, Mayfair.
Eaton Chapel, Eaton Square.
Hanover Church, Regent Street.*
* The demolition has enabled the patrons of
Hanover Church, the Rector and Churchwardens
of S. George, Hanover Square, to promote the
building and endowment of S. Anselm, Davies
Street.
Montpelier Chapel, Brompton.f
Montpelier Chapel, Twickenham.
Percy Chapel, Tottenham Court Road.
Rolls Chapel, Chancery Lane.
S. Andrew, Tavistock Place.
S. Etheldreda, Ely Place.
S. George, Albemarle Street.
S. James, Westmoreland Street. ||
S. James, York Street.
S. John, Bedford Row.
S. Mark, Long Acre.
S. Mary, Park Street .J
S. Matthew, Spring Gardens.
Trinity Chapel, Conduit Street.
S. Paul. Great Portland Street. |]
S. Philip, Regent Street. TJ
CHAPELS ACQUIRED AND CONSECRATED.
The following Proprietary or other Chapels,
among others, have during the past century
been acquired. By Orders in Council legal
parishes have been assigned, and in many cases
endowments provided.
t Now used as a Church school for Holy Trinity*
Brompton, and All Saints', Knightsbridge.
J The late Duke of Westminster, who was the
freeholder, subsequently built at his sole expense
S. Mary, Bourdon Street, as a chapel of ease to
S. George, Hanover Square.
The site has been leased, and the annual rental
augments the value of several benefices in the
ancient parish of S. George, Hanover Square.
|| The proceeds of the sale of the sites has been
assigned far endowed curacies and for other
purposes.
T[ The proceeds 'of the sale chiefly augment
benefices within the ancient parish of S. James,
Piccadillv.
Former Name.
Dedication.
Population
of Parish
Accommo-
assigned.
dation.
East India Chapel
S. Matthias, Poplar
4,437
950
Archdeacon Tenison's C
Christ Chapel . .
lapel
S. Thomas, Regent Street
Emmanuel, Maida Vale . .
2,194
9,742
750
640
Fitzroy Chapel . .
S. Saviour, Fitzroy Square
5,234
800
Portman Chapel
S. Bartholomew. .
S. Paul, Portman Square
S. Bartholomew, Gray's Inn Rd
4,600
6,311
1,100
2,000
S. Paul, Kilburn
S, Paul, Kilburn . . '
2,173
750
S. Mary, Greek Street
S. Mary the Virgin, Soho
4,097
500
S. Mary, North End
S. Mary, North End
.
6,235
1,000
Tredegar Chapel, Stepn
Quebec Chapel . .
y
Holy Trinity
Church of the Annunciation
14,974
3,408
900
1,200
Wheler Chapel ..
S. Mary, Spital Square . .
3,720
450
The union of the following parishes has been sanctioned : -
S. John and S. Saviour, Fitzroy Square,
and the following effected :
S. Paul, Covent Garden, and S. Michael, Burleigh Street.
S. Pancraa and All Saints, Gordon Square.
As a result, one of, the churches in each case will be taken down or diverted.
JOHN COLUNS FRANCIS.
ii s. in. FEB. 25, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
151
MANSEL FAMILY (US. ii. 269, 533). MB.
A. C. JONAS' s lengthy reply on this " family "
prompts me to offer a word of warning to
your readers.
There is no family of Mansel, but there is a
series of families of this name, between
which under strict conditions of research no
connexion can be traced.
The name occurs very early in our public
records and very frequently in many counties,
notably Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Glouces-
ter, York, Hereford, Bedford, Buckingham,
Leicester, where, and in other counties, we
find distinct families bearing the name in the
twelfth century and in the sixteenth, and
covering all ranks of life.
In the early period the name is an " emi-
grant " one, like " Scot " and " Fleming,"
and simply means an emigrant from Maine.
Even in this period, however, there is at
least one other source, for the Mantels of
Little Missenden, Bucks, sometimes were
spelt Mauncell and even Maunsell ; but it is
possible to trace this family down to 1500,
and all through it is distinct from the several
families of Mansel and Maunsell in Bucks
and Bedford.
In the case of the families we meet later
(fifteenth and sixteenth centuries) the
derivation is not so certain, as they are in
several cases long associated with places
called Malmeshull (Mansill) and Mannesle,
Mansle, with the variants Mansfelt or Mans-
field. This shows a pure Saxon origin
a fact which has been hitherto overlooked by
historians and students of patronymics,
who never suspected a multiple origin for
such a simple name with its clear and obvious
interpretation as " a man from Maine."
We can say with fair certainty that the
Maunsells of Buckingham and Northampton-
shire (see the interesting article in Oswald
Barron's ' Northamptonshire Families,' 1906,
and G. E. Cokayne in Genealogist, N.S. xix.),
who include the Mansels of Cosgrove (whence
Dean Mansel of St. Paul's) and the Irish
landed gentry of the name (cf. Burke's
* Irish Landed Gentry ' and R. G. Maunsell' s
history of Maunsell), have no ascertainable
connexion with the Mansels of Gower
(Glamorgan) in Wales, who probably were
connected with the family of that name in
Somerset.
For this Welsh family, which includes the
Lords and Baronets Mansel, see W. W.
Mansel's book, and the articles in the
various volumes of Burke (' Extinct Peerage,'
' Baronetage,' ' Landed Gentry ' ) and R. G.
Maunsell' s volume, all of which, however,
combine the various distinct families in
accordance with the old heraldic tradition.
The arms of most of the families are three
manches (mancele, the old French for a
sleeve or manch), which is merely canting
heraldry, and in the case of the Bucking-
ham family cannot be traced far back.
The most prominent bearer of the name
was John Maunsell, Provost of Beverley,
Chancellor of St. Paul's, Treasurer of York,
Keeper of the Great Seal, the first Secretary
of State, and the favourite of King Henry III.
His life in the ' Dictionary of National Bio-
graphy ' needs the following corrections and
additions.
There were three John Mansells king's
clerks to Henry III. :
1. John the Provost, &c.
2. His " kinsman " John, who was Pre-
bendary of Fenton, Canon of Wells, and held
the temporalities of York and Durham.
See for him Patent Rolls under dates 1263,
8 March ; 1259, 11 Sept. ; 1260, 17 Aug. ;
1258, 1 Dec. ; 1264, 14 Dec. ; 1265, 16 Nov. ;
1266, 16 Jan. (contrasted with 1265, 12
and 24 Nov.). The Inq. Post-Mortem that
is extant refers to him.
3. John, nephew of the Provost. Cf.
Patent Roll 1259, 28 Oct. ; 1263, 10 Jan.,
&c.
John the Provost was the son of a deacon
by an irregular marriage with Amabel
(' Calendar of Papal Letters,' vol. i. p. 362,
and Charter Rolls, 1268, 5 Dec.). This
Amabel is not the Amabel of Ripon who in
the Inq. P.-M. of John No. 2 is named as
a relation (see Charter Roll cited and
Pat. Rolls 1266, 11 Aug.). His sister Emma
married AJard le Fleming, and subse-
quently, Henry de Legh (see ' Calendar of
Charter Rolls ').
John the Provost died about 20 Jan.,
1265 (' Annals of London,' in Rolls Series,
Chron. Ed. I. and II., and ' Register of Arch-
bishop W. Giffard of York,' Surtees Society,
pp. 78, 79). His name appears frequently
in the patents of 1264 as that of an active
politician, and in February, 1265, the grant-
ing away of all his posts begins.
Books hitherto printed are full of errors
concerning him. The most trustworthy
guide is the ' Dictionary of National Bio-
graphy ' with the above additions and
corrections. In using the Patent (&c.) Rolls
Calendars concerning him note that the com-
pilers of the indexes have hopelessly con-
fused the three Johns, who are now separated
for the first time.
152
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. 23, 1911.
It is hardly necessary to add that John
was not " Lord Chief Justice," nor was he
ever married, nor did he leave any heirs of
any kind (see Pat. Rolls, Abbrev. Placit,
Placita de Quo Warranto, &<;.) This is
only one specimen of the kind of ancient
mistake perpetuated in the reply at the
second reference. D. P. W, MAUNSELL.
LAMB, BURTON, AND FRANCIS SPIERA
(11 S. iii. 61). Nathaniel Bacon refers to a
writer of the name of " Sigismund Gelous
(or Gelons), a Transilvanian." The name is
evidently disfigured. Sigismund Gelenius
is known, but he was a native of
Bohemia, a classical scholar, and not likely
to indulge in cock-and-bull stories. It is
possible, therefore, that Cromwell's Master of
Requests had in his mind the author who
on the title-page of one of his books calls
himself " Stephanus Katona Gelejinus Un-
garus, Orthodoxus Transsylvanise Epis-
copus," and wrote against " Rabbinos,
Samosatenianos, Socinianos, Francisci-
Davidistas [Unitarians], Anabaptistas, Papis-
tas, Lutheristas," &c. in a word, against all
people who in matters of theology did not
agree with him. It was probably this book,
the abbreviated title of which is ' Prseconium
Evangelicum,' that Bacon had read. Accord-
ing to the title-page again, the text is illus-
trated (illustratur) " historicofum monu-
mentis, sapientum apophthegmatis, senten-
tijs, allegorijs, similibus et exemplis turn
Sanctorum, turn profanorum selectissimis."
The book was published, in 1638, at Alba
Julia in Transylvania, where the author was
residing (Ecclesise Albensis Antistes). I
do not know of any copy in England.
L. L. K.
GEORGE I.'s STATUES (11 S. ii. 7, 50, 98,
135, 199). Mr. Charles Dalton in the preface
to his recently published work * George the
First's Army ' puts on record another statue
of George I. I give the note in his own
words :
" The design on the cover of this book needs a
few words of explanation. It is from a photo
[sic] of George the First's marble statue now in the
-Museum of the Public Record 'Office. There
has been some correspondence lately in Notes and
Queries on the subject of George I.'s statues in
London. The statement was made, in above
periodical, that ' of the four statues of George I.,
in London, only one remains that on St. George's
steeple, Bloomsbury.' So far as I know, this
assertion has not been contradicted. The statue
in the R. O. Museum represents George I. in the
costume of an ancient Roman. ' It formerly
occupied a niche over the judicial bench of the
court in Rolls House, now demolished. On its
present pedestal is a leaden ^tablet, from the
foundation stone of that building, bearing the
royal arms and inscribed " G. R., 1717 " ' (Official
Catalogue)."
W. R. B. PRIDEAUX.
GAMNECOURT IN PICARDY : BARBARA DE
BIERLE : ERSKINE OF DUN (11 S. ii. 429,
512 ; iii. 50, 112). Three entries under date
24 January, 1538/9, " Banket at the Lard of
Dunnis mariage," in the Accounts of the
Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, probably
refer to the second marriage of John
Erskine of Dun, the Superintendent, with
Barbara de Bierle.
By his first wife, Lady Elizabeth Lindsay,
John Erskine had issue at least six sons :
1. John, Fiar of Dun, m. in or before
1547 Margaret Hoppringle, and d.v.p. s.p.
7 Sept., 1563. His widow m. secondly
Andrew Arbuthnot of Arbuthnot, who d.
6 March, 1606.
2. Robert, who succeeded to Dun.
3. William, of Sheriffbank.
4. James, of Westermorphy, m. Janet
Graham.
5. Mr. Thomas.
6. Alexander, of Turphawly and Schiref-
bank in 1589.
Robert Erskine of Dun succeeded his
father in 1589/90. He m. Katherine, dau.
of Robert Graham of Morphy, and d. 27
Dec., 1590, having had issue
1. John, of Logie.
2. Samuel, m. circa 1588 Grissell Forrester,
and d. leaving " ane bairn," before 17 Aug.,
1590.
3. Mr. Arthur, m. his first cousin of the
half-blood Margaret Maule, sister of Patrick,
1st Earl of Panmure.
John Erskine of Logie, Fiar of Dun,
according to the " Obits " in the ' Spalding
Club Miscellany,' d. 17 June, 1591 ; but an
old pedigree of the family in my possession
states he predeceased his father Robert.
He m. Agnes, sister of James, Lord Ogilvy of
Airlie, and had issue, with four daughters
1. John Erskine of Dun, m. 1588 Margaret
Keith, dau. and coheir of Robert, Lord
Altrie, and d. 21 Oct., 1592, leaving issue by
her (who m. secondly Sir John Lindsay of
Ballinscho)
(1) John Erskine of Dun, d. 23 March,
1610, having m. 1604 Magdalene, dau. of
Sir James Haliburton of Pitcur, and had by
her (who m. secondly John, 1st Earl of North-
esk) an only dau. Margaret, m. circa 30 Oct.,
1622, William Durham of Grange, and had
issue.
(1) Margaret, mentioned in charter of
January, 1604.
n s. m. FEB. 25, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
153
2. David of Logie, who d. before his
nephew John, having m. Jean Maule, his
first cousin once removed of the half-blood
sister of Patrick, 1st Earl of Panmure, and of
Margaret, wife of David's uncle Mr. Arthur
Erskine. He left issue
(1) John Erskine of Dun, poisoned, it was
alleged, by his uncle Robert Erskine. He
d. 23 May, 1613, setat. about 12 years.
(2) Sir Alexander Erskine of Dun, d. 1667
having m. Margaret Lindsay, dau. of Alex-
ander, 1st Lord Spynie, and left issue, from
whom descend the present families of
Kennedy-Erskine of Dun, West (Erskine),
late of Balhall, and Scott-Erskine of Bal-
hall.
3. Robert, executed 1 Dec., 1613, for the
alleged poisoning of his nephew John (see
Pitcairn's ' Criminal Trials ').
ERSKINE E. WEST.
Cowper Gardens, Dublin.
COWPER'S " GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS
WAY" (11 S. iii. 10, 58). At the latter
reference a correspondent states that
" Julian's ' Dictionary of Hymnology,'
p. 1642, says that the verse in MS. runs,
The bud may have a bitter taste,
But wait to smell the flower.
What edition of the ' Dictionary ' is meant ?
In my copy there are not 1642 pp. Further,
I cannot find in the ' Dictionary ' any such
statement as that above quoted. SCOTUS.
[The quotation is from p. 1642 of the 1907
edition, in the New Supplement. The line,
But wait to smell the flower,
h cited in the ' Dictionary of Hymnology ' on the
authority of the late PROF. J. E. B. MAYOR'S con-
tribution at 10 S. ii. 244.]
DICKENS: "SHALLABALAH" (11 S. iii.
68, 111). May I venture to suggest an
explanation of this word, somewhat in the
line indicated in the query ? Probably
the word was coined by Dickens, but was not
intended to have any intelligible meaning.
It possibly occurred to him through his
recollection of a word used in the Bible. In
Isaiah, chap, viii., the prophet was directed
to write in a great roll, or, perhaps, on a
large smooth board, with a man's pen, that
is, in the character familiar to the common
people, the sonorous-sounding word " Maher-
shalal-hash-baz." It was not a word under-
stood by the people, but was designed to
attract their attention and excite their
curiosity. As Biblical scholars tell us, it
was intended to prepare them for coming
invasion and an impending overthrow of j
their enemies. Probablv the recollection of i
this word " Maher-shalal-hash-baz," and the
purpose it was designed to serve, suggested
to Dickens the word " shallabalah." Like
its Biblical prototype, " shallabalah " was
meant to attract attention and excite
curiosity as to something that was soon to
happen. W. SCOTT.
"THE OLD MOGUL," DRURY LANE (11 S.
iii. 86). This old sign evidently com-
memorates the " Great Mogul," the chief of
the Moguls or Monguls, who as Emperor of
Delhi ruled over the greater part of Hindo-
stan. In this particular instance the sign
probably dates from the time when Drury
Lane was a fashionable residential neigh-
bourhood, and celebrates the last of the
energetic sovereigns who occupied the
Mogul throne during the seventeenth cen-
tury, namely, Aureng-zebe, whose wealth
and power induced many of the European
sovereigns to send embassies to him with a
view to commercial advantages. The last
nominal Emperor of Hindostan, however,
was dethroned in 1857. Dryden's tragedy
of ' Aurung Zebe ' (1676) is founded on the
great and profoundly hypocritical prince
who reigned from 1658 till 1707, the year of
his death, and it was no doubt during the
latter part of this period that the sign was
set up. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
OUNDLE (11 S. iii. 9, 137). Please allow
me to explain that the information given
3y MR. EDWARD SMITH at the last reference
s incorrect in three particulars. First, the
ipelling in the charter referred to is not
Jndela, but Undale (Birch, 'Cart. Saxon.,'
36, lines 8 and 12). Secondly, the
date 664 is a clear forgery, as the
harter contains the French word lestage,
e., lastage ('N.E.D.'). And thirdly,
Mr. M'Clure's suggestion that it is "a worn
orm " of Avondale is wholly out of the
question. No one ever yet pronounced the
word avon as oun. What are the imaginary
intermediate forms ?
WALTER W. SKEAT.
THREAD PAPERS (US. iii. 8, 90). Before
he advent of spools, thread was supplied in
keins. The housewife then cut through
he skein at one end and wrapped it in a
riece of paper with the loop projecting.
["his wrapping was secured by a pin, and the
hreads, thus protected, could be extracted
ingly by their looped ends. Poor Strephon's
verse being probably written on superfine
paper would be appreciated at least for
this purpose; and think of the sentiment,
154
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. FEB. 25, 1911.
" More Labours, More Thread Papers.'' At
least this meant the preservation of the
' Ode to Chloe's Eyebrows,' &c. I cannot
give MB. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL'S chapter
and verse. Thread papers were in use, at
least for embroidery silks, during the last
decade. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
LADY O'LOONEY'S EPITAPH (11 S. iii.
108). See also 10 S. vii. 135. Mrs. Jane
Molony's epitaph from which the alleged
Pewsey version is apparently made up is
given in extenso in the Appendix of ' Antiente
Epitaphs,' collected by Thomas F. Raven-
shaw, M.A., F.S.A. (1878). It was copied
by Mr. Ravenshaw in 1877. The Pewsey
version appears in ' Epitaphs and Epi-
grams ' (4th ed.), 1869, exactly as recorded
by SENESCENS at the above reference.
JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.
MOTHER'S MAIDEN NAME AS CHILDREN'S
SURNAME (11 S. iii. 107). This was
common, not only in Fifeshire, but all over
the kingdom, as ' N. & Q.' pedigree com-
pilers, will searchers, &c., can abundantly
testify. Even in peerages it is common.
Thus :
" The name of Montjoie adopted by Sir Walter
Blount from the surname of a maternal ancestor
must have carried with it some chivalric associa-
tions to the ears of those who had taken part in the
French wars." ' Hall of Lawford Hall,' p. 190.
The instances from every county are so
numerous, and would take up so much space
in ' N. & Q.,' that a bare mention ought to
suffice. The old question of double Christian
names confirms this. As an early instance,
we may take the entry on 18 January,
1592, when Robert Browne, son of John
Lillie, Esq., was baptized at Mexborough,
Yorkshire. He was afterwards known as
Robert Browne Lilly (Burn, ' Reg. Ecc.
Parochialis,' p. 80). I take it that an
inspection of the pedigree would reveal that
Brown is not a real Christian name so much
as the mother's maiden name.
A. RHODES.
There may be a practice in Fifeshire of
children, born in lawful wedlock, taking
the mother's rather than the father's name,
but I at least have never heard of it. At the
same time, it is quite possible that there may
be occasional instances unknown to me.
Be it remembered that in Scotland (up to
comparatively recent times, at least) any
person, come to years of discretion, and
having no unlawful purpose in view, could
assume whatever name he pleased, without
the formalities attending such a change in
England. I have in mind while writing a
prominent Scottish journalist who many
years ago and while in the prime of life made
such a change. For information on the
subject generally, perhaps help might be
derived from Prof. Cosmo Innes's ' Con-
cerning some Scotch Surnames/ published
at Edinburgh, 1860. W. S. S.
GEOFFREY POLE (11 S. iii. 45, 112).
Thanks are due to MR. DIXON from all
interested in the Poles of the blood royal
for his communication at the last reference.
He is probably aware of three printed
pedigrees of this family, viz : A, that in the
' Harl. Soc. Publ.,' liii. 89 ; B, that in Berry' c
' Hants Genealogies,' 168 ; and C, that in
' Sussex Archaeological Collections,' xxi. 74.
A and C largely support the authority cited
by MR. DIXON.
With reference to these pedigrees and
MR. DIXON' s contributions several observa-
tions and questions suggest themselves.
(1) Geoffrey's mother. A and C agree with
MR. DIXON (at 9 S. ix. 468) in making his
mother a Constance Pakenham ; but A
calls her father Sir Edward, C Sir John, and
' Harl. Soc. Publ.,' liii. 76, Sir Edmund.
Was he Sir John Pakington (as to whom see
' D.N.B.') ? If not, who was he ? Her will
dated 12 August, 1570, was proved in
London 20 September following.
B says that Geoffrey's mother was Bona
Maria, daughter of John Da[n]vers of
Cothorpe (? Copcourt), co. Oxon. In ' Karl.
Soc. Publ.,' v. 187, Bova, daughter of John
Danvers of Ipwell (wherever this may be),
and Banbury, is said to have married Sir
" Jefery Joole " of Buckingham. To
whom was this lady married, and what was
her real name ?
(2) His brothers and sisters. As was
stated at 9 S. x. 18, he had four brothers.
Their names were Arthur, Thomas, Edmund,
and Henry. All died without issue. Of his
six sisters, one is stated at the above
reference to have been a Brigittine nun. She
was not one of the old nuns enclosed 1 August,
1557, when Syon House was restored as a
nunnery. What was her name, and when
did she become a nun ?
The other five were all married ; Catherine
to Anthony Fortescue (9 S. vii. 327, 435 ;
viii. 73, 449 ; ix. 53) ; Elizabeth to William
or Edward Nevill, concerning whom further
particulars would be welcome ; Margaret to
Walter, sixth son of William, second Lord
Windsor (Brydges, 'Collins's Peerage,' i"
n s. in. FEB. 25, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
155
673) ; Mary to William Cuffold, of Cuffold,
in the parish of Basing, Hants (Berry,
op. cit. 281) ; and Anne to Thomas Hilders-
ham, of Stetchworth, Cambridgeshire (2 S.
viii. 170, 259 ; ix. 29).
(3) His uncle Arthur. Sir Arthur Pole,
knighted in France, 31 October, 1523, was
a member of the King's Household. He
married Joan, Jane, or Eleanor, daughter of
Sir Roger Lewkenor, of Bolebroke House,
near Hartfield, Sussex, by whom he had a
son Henry, who seems to have died un-
married, and two daughters, Mary, who
married John Sanney of Sussex, according to
B or Sir John Stanley, according to C (i.e.,
probably John Stanley of Dalgarth, Cumber-
land, father of Sir Thomas Stanley of Fittle-
worth, Sussex) and Margaret or Margery,
who is said to have married Sir Thomas Fitz-
herbert, knighted 22 Feb., 1546/7, Sheriff
of Staffordshire 1547 and 1555, who was
committed to prison as a Papist soon after
Elizabeth's accession, but in Burke' s
* Landed Gentry ' this knight is said to have
married in 1534 Anne, d. and h. of Sir Arthur
Eyre of Padley, Derbyshire. (See ' Sussex
Archaeological Collections,' Hi. 35 ; ' Harl.
Soc. Publ.,' liii. 26, 67 ; Strype, 'Annals,' I. i.
416, 417). Further particulars about Sir
Arthur Pole and his family would be
interesting.
(4) His wife. A and C agree with MB.
DIXON'S authority that she was a Button of
Dutton : but the Duttons of Dutton,
Cheshire, became extinct in 1526 (Ormerod,
* Cheshire,' i. 650), and she does not seem
to have been a Dutton of Hatton (op. cit., ii.
795). Was she a Dutton of Dutton,
Lancashire ? She appears to have returned
to England in 1590, from Antwerp, where
she had been living with her husband and
two of her daughters. (' Cath. Rec. Soc.,'
v. 189).
(5) His son Geoffrey. C agrees with MB.
DIXON'S authority that he was living in
1606 at " Wirehall," and that he is " said to
be the ancestor of Sir James Pole of Wire-
hall " ; but, if anything is certain in
genealogies, it is clear that Sir James Poole,
first baronet, of Poole Hall, in the hundred
of Wirrall, Cheshire, was not descended
from Margaret, Countess of Salisbury. The
Pole or Poole living in Wirrall in 1606 was
one John Pole who died in 1613. (See
Ormerod, op. cit. ii. 423, and cf. ' Harl.
Soc. Publ.,' xviii. 191 ; lix. 195-6).
(6) His daughters. We know what be-
came of Mary : what happened to the others?
JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.
" TEWKE," " TUKE "(US. iii. 87, 130).
I should like to be allowed to supplement
PBOF. WEEKLEY'S communication by a note
which I have already sent to DB. MTJBBAY.
I think it quite possible that the ultimate
source is not the G. Tuch, but the G. Zeug.,
" stuff, materials," in its Low G. form.
Cf. Du. tuig, " stuff," as a sea-term,
" rigging " ; O. Low G. tuch, " Kleidungs-
stiicke," Liibben ; Low G. (Bremen) tug.
This would account easily for the F. spelling
tugue, with g. At any rate, it Mail do no
harm to consider this. I think, further,
that it makes the spelling teu possible.
WALTEB W. SKEAT.
"LET us oo HENCE, MY SONGS " (11 S.
iii. 128). The lyric sought is * A Leave-
taking ' in Swinburne's ' Poems and Ballads '
(First Series), which begins
Let us go hence my songs ; she will not hear.
Let us go hence together \\ ithout fear,
the ending of the first stanza being
Yea, though we sang as angels in her ear,
She would not hear.
M. Gabriel Mourey, in translating this piece
into French prose (see ' N. & Q.,' 10 S.
ix. 375) gets into difficulties with
Though all we fell on sleep,
for which he offers the remarkable rendering
" quoique tout ce que nous touchames
dorme " ! Nor does the full ? dighi'ty of
" Let us go hence, go hence " survive in
" Allons-nous-en d'ici, allons-nous-en d'ici."
EDWABD BENSLY.
MOVING PICTUBES AND CINEMATOGBAPHS
(11 S. ii. 502, 537 ; iii. 56). In Strutt'n
' Sport and Pastimes ' is an account of
' Moving Pictures,' described by him as
bearing some distant analogy to the puppets.
In Queen Anne's reign, a show was exhibited
at " the great house in the Strand, over
against the Globe Tavern." It was then
advertised as " the greatest piece of
curiosity that ever arrived in England,
being made by a famous engineer from the
camp before Lisle." The pictures were
probably similar to those frequently seen
in clock-cases, &c., and were flat painted
images moving upon a flat surface. The
camps and armies were represented, to-
gether with the city and the citadel, the
English forces commanded by the Duke of
Marlborough, " besides abundance more
admirable curiosities too tedious to be
inserted here."
Strutt adds the personal recollection of a
show witnessed by him in the country about
156
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. FEB. 25, 1911.
1760, where the pasteboard figures .were
seated in rows one above the other, on clouds
of the same material " contrived in such a
manner that the whole group descended
and ascended with a slow motion to the
sound of music." E. MABJEBY Fox.
EPIGBAM IN SCHOPENHAUEB (11 S. iii.
128).
Old books read with attention, the true and the
genuine old books,
New ones about these say little that matters a
whit.
WALTEB W. SKEAT.
[MR. M. L. R. BRESLAR also thanked for reply.]
CHUBCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TUBBET
(11 S. iii. 10, 95). The old church of St.
Clement, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester,
is a small edifice of red brick consisting of
nave and aisles ; the lych gate is surrounded
by a belfry containing a peal of tubular bells
given in 1887 by the late Sir William Cunliffe
Brooks, first and last Bart, (died 1900),
who also built the gate.
FBEDEBICK LAWBENOE TAVABE.
Manchester.
COUBT LIFE (11 S. iii. 107). There are
two books which together will probably
supply X. Y. with what is asked for.
W. J. Thorns, the first editor of ' N. & Q.,'
published in 1838 ' The Book of the Court
exhibiting the Origin, Peculiar Duties and
Privileges of the Several Ranks of the
Nobility and Gentry, more particularly of
the Great Officers of State and Members of
the Royal Household.' This book was
dedicated to Queen Victoria, and was no
doubt the outcome of public enthusiasm
and interest at the time of Her Majesty's
coronation. Thorns published this book
in the year in which he was elected a Fellow
of the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1844
he brought out an improved edition of the
book. Thorns was the first to get together
from many obscure sources a great mass of
scattered information bearing upon the
history and duties of the great officers of the
State. As late as 1883 Mr. Armytage, a
daughter of Lord Fitzhardinge, published
' Old Court Customs and Modern Court
Rule,' a very entertaining book, containing
a lot of information as to royal regulations
and rules of ceremony for many great
occasions. If X. Y. wishes to pursue^ the
subject further he will find some curious
knowledge in Nicholas Carlisle's ' The Place
and Quality of Gentlemen of His Majesty's
Most Honourable Privy Chamber.' Car-
lisle's book was the outcome of his appoint-
ment as one of the Gentlemen of the Privy
Chamber, and was largely taken from
Pegge's ' Curialia.' His book was roughly
handled in The Westminster Review, April,
1830. One of the earliest of the books
on this subject is a ' Treatise of the Court,
or Instructions for Courtiers,' written by
Denys de Refuges, and translated into
English by John Reynolds, and published
1622. John Topham, who held many
offices worthily, and was treasurer to the
Society of Antiquaries, published in 1787
' Observations on the Wardrobe Accounts
of the Twenty - Eighth Year of King
Edward I.' This proved one of the publica-
tions of the Society of Antiquaries, and
three years later (1790) the s,me Society
issued ' A Collection of Ordinances and
Regulations for the Government of the Royal
Household made in Divers Reigns, from
King Edward III. to King William and
Queen Mary.' This is a most valuable
work for any student of the subject. All
the foregoing books contain much informa-
tion on the subject, but there are certain
sources of specialized knowledge which may
be alluded to. Thus Sir Harris Nicholas's
Preface to the sixth volume of the Proceed-
ings of the Privy Council contains a valuable
essay on the office of the Lord Chamberlain.
Henrietta, Countess of Suffolk, who was
Mistress of the Robes to Caroline, Queen
of George II., has left in her correspondence
many interesting notes upon the duties
of her office. It seems hardly necessary
to add that regulations for those attending
State functions are issued from the Lord
Chamberlain's Office, and are printed in The
London Gazette. A very detailed account
of a State ball in the eighteenth century
may be found printed in The European
Magazine for January, 1777. Messrs.
Harrison issue " by authority " ' Uniforms
to be worn by the Queen's Household
[coloured plates], 1870.' The private in-
formation in the hands of the Lord Chamber-
lain and the Garter King at Arms would be
illuminating and priceless.
A. L. HUMPHBEYS.
187, Piccadilly, W.
Publications on the duties of Court
officials, if issued at all, must, from the nature
of the case, be but few in number. Perhaps
the best method to obtain the information
required would be to read such works as
deal with he matter in the light of personal
experience. Such books as the * Diary and
Letters of Madame D'Arblay ' (Frances
Burney), Mrs. Armytage's * Old Court
n a IIL FEB. 25,i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
Customs and Modern Court Rule,' or
Baroness Bloomfield's ' Reminiscences of
Court and Diplomatic Life ' may be recom-
mended. There is a comparatively recent
publication dealing with Court dress. A
new edition appeared in 1903. It is en-
titled ' Dress Worn by Gentlemen at His
Majesty's Court,' and was published by
Messrs. Harrison & Sons. Perhaps it might
be useful. T. S. R. W.
[MR. J. HOLDEN MAcMiCHAEL also thanked for
reply.]
SCARBOROUGH SPA (11 S. iii. 129). The
earliest association of the term ' Spa ' with
Scarborough will be found in Thomas
Hinderwell's ' History and Antiquities of
Scarborough and Vicinity,' 4to, with plan
and plates of views, York, 1798. It is
described as being one of the most accurate
and interesting of all the English topo-
graphical works, being a complete history
and description, not only of the town and
its stupendous castle, but also of the sur-
rounding country, &c. Hinderwell says :
" Mrs. Farrow, a sensible and intelligent lady,
who lived at Scarborough about the year 1620,
sometimes walked along the shore, and observing
the stones^over which the waters passed to have
received a russet colour, and finding it to have
an acid taste, different from the common springs,
and to receive a purple tincture from galls, thought
it -probably might have a medicinal property.
Having, therefore, made an experiment herself,
and persuaded others to do the same, it was found
to be efficacious in some complaints, and became
the usual physic of the inhabitants. It was
afterwards in great reputation with the citizens
of York, and the gentry of the county, and at length
was so generally recommended, that several
persons of quality came from a great distance to
drink it ; preferring it before all the others they
had formerly frequented, even the Italian, French
and German spaws."
The mixture is described as a compound of
vitriol, iron, alum, nitre, and salt, and Mr.
J. S. Fletcher, in his ' Picturesque Yorkshire,'
says that it is much more than probable that
visitors at last took a healthy dislike to it,
and a hearty liking to the scenery which
surrounded the stones " of a russet colour."
" It is not generally observed," says the
latest historian of Yorkshire, "that the
paople who frequent Scarborough are an
devotedly attached to the " spaw " waters as
to other liquids which may be obtained in the
refreshment-rooms of the adjoining saloon."
The following authors have written upon the
Scarborough " Spa " : Drs. Wittie, Simp-
son, Tunstall, Short, Shaw, and Belcombe,
by whom the waters have been analyzed.
J. HOT.DEN MACMICHAEL.
This spa was first discovered about 1620
by Mrs. Farrow, a Scarborough gentlewoman,
who, observing the stones in the watercourse
to be of a russet tincture, and finding the
water to possess an acid taste, &c., concluded
it to be of medicinal value. She took it
herself, and advised its use to her neighbours,
and it soon became the common physic of
the neighbourhood. In a few years its
fame reached Hull. Dr. Robert Wittie,
who practised there from 1638 to 1656, often
recommended the water to his patrons, and
on his removal to York in 1656 he prepared
his work upon it entitled ' Scarborough
Spaw, or a Description of the Nature and
Virtues of the Spaw at Scarborough,'
published 29 May, 1660.
The connexion between Col. Fairfax and
Scarborough Spa through Dr. Wittie seems
fairly obvious. These particulars are, in the
main, deduced from " The Natural, Experi-
mental, and Medicinal History of the
Mineral Waters of Derbyshire, Lincolnshire,
and Yorkshire, particularly those of Scar-
borough, by Thomas Short, M.D., of
Sheffield," London, 1734, published in
pursuance of a resolution passed at e, meeting
of the Council of the Royal Society dp/ed
17 Sept., 1733. E. G. B.
The earliest medical book seems to be Dr.
R. Wittie's ' Scarbrough Spaw, or descrip-
tion of its Nature and Virtues,' 12mo, pub-
lished in London in 1660. S. D. C.
MARINE INSURANCE (11 S. iii. 107).
Has MR. WHITWELL looked at the biblio-
graphies referred to by me in the ' Register
of National Bibliography ' under the word
insurance ? The first is a volume by Mr.
Frederick Martin on the ' History of Lloyds '
(1876). It contains on pp. xi xx a biblio-
graphy of marine insurance. The second
is a work on marine insurance by William
Gow. The second edition came out in
1900, and contains on pp. xiii-xiv a list of
the literature on the subject. The fourth
edition appeared in 1909, and the biblio-
graphy is on pp. xvii-xviii.
W. P. COURTNEY.
It is stated on what appears to be good
authority that at a very early period in the
history of the Anglo-Saxons a kind of in-
surance was known among them, according
to which the members of " guilds," on pay-
ment of certain fixed contributions, guaran-
teed one another against loss from "fire,
water, robbery, or other calamity." As
regards marine insurance, strictly so called,
158
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. ni. FEB. 25, 1011.
it is on record that the magistrates of
Barcelona in 1435 issued an ordinance in
relation to it. And it may also be noted in
English history that Lord Keeper Bacon
in opening Queen Elizabeth's first parlia-
ment in 1559 used words to this effect : "doth
not the wise merchant, in every adventure
of danger, give part to have the rest assured ? "
It need only be added that treatises on
marine insurance (but possibly not of the
kind the querist requires) are published by
Messrs. Sweet & Maxwell, and also by Mr.
Butterworth. Row TAY.
THE BLACK PRINCE'S LANGUAGE (11 S.
iii. 7, 116). The words " E lo bort, es mort
pres ?. . . .Noy ay res fait " are in the
Limousin dialect of Occitanian, a dialect
which has scarcely changed from the days
of Bertram de Born to the present day when
the " sir vent es " of Prosper Estieu are
written in the same vigorous strain. The
Black Prince spoke this language, as did our
Richard a century and a half before him.
1 may note that " noy " is a contraction of
" non i," so that the answer is equivalent
to Fr. " [je] n'y ai rien fait."
EDWARD NICHOLSON.
Paris.
[MB. ALBAN DORAN also thanked for reply.]
GREAT SNOW IN 1614 (11 S. ii. 508;
iii. 13). The late Mr. Andrews in ' Famous
Frosts and Frost Fairs,' 1887, p. 12, pro-
vides an interesting description of this
prolonged frost from Drake's ' Eboracum.'
He also names the pamphlet cited by MR.
BOLLAND, and says it was reprinted in 1814
in 4to. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
SIR CHARLES CHALMERS, BT. (11 S. iii.
89). Sir Charles Chalmers, Baronet, was
a Captain in the Royal Regiment of Artillery,
and died unmarried, it is said, at Pondi-
cherry, on the Coromandel Coast, November,
1760. He had been recognized at the
office of Lord Lyon, King of Arms, as a
Baronet of Nova Scotia, and as the heir male
of the estate of Cults in the parish of Jar land,
co. Aberdeen ; but it is difficult to say when
the baronetcy was created for which he was
served heir.
The only baronet of the name of Chalmers
known to have been created was " Sir
James Chalmers, son of Gilbert Chalmers,
Laird of Cults in the parish of Jarland, co.
Aberdeen," who was created a baronet of
Scotland, November 24, 1664, with re-
mainder to the heirs male of his body ; and this
baronetcy is generally supposed to have
become extinct at the death of the grantee,
unmarried, but a succession of four other
baronets followed Sir Charles Chalmers,
who died in November, 1760, until Oct. 1,
1834 ; but whether the assumption of the
title by these gentlemen was justifiable or
not it is not now possible to say. Full
information will be found in the ' Complete
Baronetage,' by G. E. C., vol. iii. pp. 348-9.
F. DE H. L.
The baronetcy inherited by Sir Charles
Chalmers was conferred in 1664. He was
a grandson of the first .baronet. An
account of the family will be found in
Anderson's ' Scottish Nation,' i. 618-19.
The career of Sir Charles as sketched by
Anderson differs somewhat from Major
Leslie's account. He is said, for example,
to have died at Pondicherry. His successors
in the title (there was no estate) are traced
down to the early decades of last century.
Sir George Chalmers, the son of Sir Charles,
was an eminent painter. His son, Sir
Robert, a naval commander, died at Port-
sea in 1807. The son of Sir Robert was Sir
Charles W. Chalmers, an officer in the royal
navy. According to Anderson, he " was the
last baronet of whom there is any account."
SCOTUS.
[Ms. H. J. B. CLEMENTS also thanked for reply.]
0tt
The Cambridge History of English Literature.
Edited by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller.
The Drama to 1642. Vol. V. Part I. Vol. VI.
Part II. (Cambridge University Press.)
THIS excellent history of literature is making
steady advance, and has already, we think, estab-
lished itself with serious scholars as a survey
full in detail, and at the same time representing
the views of experts chosen from various parts
of the world. The editors in these volumes have
gone to the learned of Cracow, Wisconsin and
Harvard, Belfast and Leeds, besides the two
great English foundations. This wide range of
contributors, also to be seen in the new edition
of ' The Encyclopaedia Britannica ' which is
issuing from the Cambridge University Press,
shows that scholarship has no boundaries, and
is a pleasant contrast to those earlier days when
the University Presses were virtually confined
to the productions of the local alumni.
As before, we note an admirable arrangement
into chapters, which greatly facilitates the work
of the student. The first volume before us is
concerned with early English drama as mani-
fested in its origins, secular influences, religious
pieces, tragedy, and comedy. Chapters are
devoted to * The Plays of the University Wits,'
' Marlowe and Kyd,' and ' Lesser Elizabethan
ii 8. in. FEB. 20, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
159
Dramatists,' and various aspects of Shakespeare
occupy five chapters ; while Dr. Ward sums up
at the end with ' Some Political and Social
Aspects of the late Elizabethan and Earlier
Stewart Period.'
The second volume is chiefly concerned with
notable dramatists from Ben Jonson to Ford and
Shirley, but chapters are also devoted to ' The
Elizabethan Theatre,' ' The Children of the
Chapel Royal and their Masters,' ' University
Plays,' ' Masque and Pastoral,' and ' The Puritan
Attack upon the Stage.' This survey, in two
volumes, covers the field with a plenitude of
learning which is sufficient to daunt the con-
fidence of the most assured critic.
Leaving for the moment the greatest name,
we may mention some of the articles which have
struck us most. Mr. Harold Child's work on
' Secular Influences and the Elizabethan Theatre '
is admirable alike in style and matter. Mr.
Arthur Symons in his chapter on ' Middleton and
Rowley ' writes with a distinction and a pre-
cision of phrase which are all his own. Par-
ticularly to be commended are his generaliza-
tions on the stage of the day, and that to us
surprising licence of violence which shows that
" it had no character to keep up." Mr. G. C.
Macaulay has a lucid and judicious study of
' Beaumont and Fletcher.' The comparison of
Fletcher's style with Shakespeare's is note-
worthy (vol. vi. p. 118). In vol. v. Dr. Ward's
papers on ' The Origins of English Drama ' and
' Some Political and Social Aspects ' are not only
valuable and close-packed summaries, but also
put us in touch with modern life by references to
the pageants of to-day, Oberammergau, and such
occupations as drinking and smoking. Advance-
ment in Colleges and Universities did not in those
days always coincide with. merit, but Dr. Ward
is able to claim an advantage in intellectual
condition for Cambridge over Oxford for
several years. This was due to the lesser
hold the Puritans had on Cambridge. Their
attack on the stage is well handled by Mr. J.
Dover Wilson at the end of vol. vi. ' University
Plays,' treated by Mr. F. S. Boas, had their
culmination in Ruggle's ' Ignoramus,' which
King James I. insisted on seeing twice. On the
other hand, in 1613, when Prince Charles Fre-
derick, the Elector Palatine, saw a comedy of
Brooke's, he slept during the greater part of the
performance which lasted from seven in the
evening till one.
Prof. Thornydyke of Columbia writes ably on
Ben Jonson, and concludes with the note that
Dickens, who knew Jonson's plays " well, and
himself acted Bobadill, must to no inconsiderable
extent have been indebted to their suggestion."
We do not believe this, and think it more reason-
able to say that Jonson influenced Fielding and
Smollett, who influenced Dickens. Prof. Saints-
bury's two chapters on the * Life and Plays '
of Shakespeare and the ' Poems,' written in his
characteristic style (incidentally he defends the
use of neologisms), are full of good sense, and
state briefly and lucidly the main points which
any one attacking the question of fact and legend
ought to consider, while largely brushing away
that mist of probabilities or possibilities which
critics often substitute for certainties. The infor-
mation available, according to him, comes to very
little, though other people think it comes to a
great deal. The summary of the plays and their
chronological position is excellent, while the
critical attitude of the Professor is always en-
lightening. In discussing ' Hamlet ' he dwells
on the character of Claudius, a welcome change
after the reams that have been blackened by
studies of the prince and protagonist of the play.
There is a useful comparison drawn between
Thackeray and Shakespeare and their methods of
vivifying character. Nothing much is said of the
special sides law, classics, &c. on which Shake-
speare has been studied ; but this is, perhaps,
not much loss. The mastery of " trisyllabic
substitution " in blank verse is noted as founded
" on good principles of English prosody." It
is also, we might add, eminently Greek.
In the ' Plays attributed to Shakespeare ' Prof.
Moorman finds nothing of the master, except in the
case of ' The Two Noble Kinsmen.' The Rev.
Ernest Walder has a succinct account of ' The
Text of Shakespeare,' which is meritorious in the
main as a survey of a difficult question. He
should, however, have laid before readers the
definite statement of Heminge and Condell at the
beginning of the First Folio. That statement is
remarkable in many ways as going counter to
what we might expect, but we do not think it
fair to disregard it, as some do, as the untrust-
worthy advertisement of a tradesman. Mr. J. G.
Robertson's ' Shakespeare on the Continent *
is full of interesting detail which is little known.
With these guides and the formidable Biblio-
graphies the student should be well equipped to
form a judgment on our supreme poet.
We note a few items in this last section, where,
of course, individual opinion must prevail,
Tolstoy's criticism is mentioned, but not the
actual booklet in English. Our copy is called
' Tolstoy on Shakespeare ' (Everett & Co.), and
includes also some fireworks by Mr. Bernard
Shaw. In botany there is ' Shakespeare's
Garden,' by the Rev. J. Harvey Bloom (Methuen,
1903). We think that the late Alfred Nutt pub-
lished a paper on the fairies of Shakespeare ;
and there is a book on ' Shakespeare and Music '
(1890) by Mr. E. W. Naylor, a Cambridge man.
We should also have mentioned the new edition
of Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt's ' Shakespear : the
Man and his Work ' (Quaritch, 1908). Mr. J. L.
Haney has written on ' The Name of William
Shakespeare : a Study in Orthography ' (Phila-
delphia, 1906). The ' Cambridge Shakespeare/
edited by W. A. Neilson (Houghton & Mifflin,
1906), is a useful one-volume edition. ' Julius
Oaesar,' for which two commentaries only are
given, is available in ' The Elizabethan Shake-
speare,' edited by W. H. Hudson (Harrap).
Swinburne's volume ' A Study of Shakespeare,'
given as of 1880, reached a fourth edition in 1902..
Under ' Special Aspects ' we should add
' Criminal Types in Shakespeare,' by A. Goll, a
translation from the Danish by Mrs. C. Weekes
(Methuen, 1909). ' Shakespeare's Proverbs,' by
Mary Cowden Clarke, edited by W. J. Rolfe
(Putnam, 1908), is an attractive collection. Bart-
lett's Concordance is preferable to M. C. Clarke's,
as containing notice of the actual line as well as
the act and scene.
W T e forbear to add more, and it is possible that
some of the books we note have been mentioned
and have escaped our eye. If so, it is not the
fault of the Bibliography, which is arranged in,
excellent subdivisions.
160
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. FEB. 25, MIL
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. FEBRUARY.
MESSRS. DEIGHTON BELL & Co.'s Catalogue 22,
New Series, contains Rothschild's Extinct Birds,
imp. 4to, half-morocco, 20Z. Foster's Stuarts,
2 vols., folio, one of 550 copies, 61. 6s. Stubbs's
Cambridge, roy. 4to, one of a hundred copies,
2Z. 2s. Byron, the edition de luxe of Coleridge
and Prothero, 13 vols., 4to, 250 copies printed,
6Z. 6s. There are works under Theology and
Church History, besides Greek and Latin Classics,
Archaeology and Philology, and Oriental Literature.
The last section includes The Jataka, being tales
of the Anterior Births of Gotama Buddha, 7 vols.,
1877-97, 21. 15s. Under Palestine Exploration
Fund is The Survey of Western Palestine, 8 vols.,
4to 12,1 12s. Natural History includes Jarrell's
British Birds, 4 vols., 21. 12s. 6d. There are
47 vols. of The Annual Register, 1760-1814, 11. 15s.
Under Freemasonry is Gould's History, 6 vols.,
4to, 11. Is. A copy of Gladstone's Past Years,
1843-78, 7 vols., is priced 15s. Among works
under Bibliography is Hindley's Catnach Press,
4to, 12s. 6d., and Catalogue of the Printed
Books and MSS. in the Ry lands Library, 3 vols.,
4to, 21. 10s. There is the first series of the Early
English Dramatists, edited by Farmer, 13 vols.,
4to, large paper, only 60 copies printed, 21Z. 15s.
Also the Tudor Facsimile Texts, edited by
Farmer, 43 vols., 4to and folio, 42Z. 10s. The
publications of the English Dialect Society from
the commencement in 1873 to 1900 complete,
including Parish's Dictionary of the Sussex
Dialect, 7 vols., half -calf, and the remainder in
original wrappers, are offered for 15Z. Among
additions are Littre's Dictionary, Paris, 1877-8,
5 vols., 4to, half-morocco, 31. 10s. The Vatican
Bible, 1209, one of the hundred copies of the
complete reproduction, 4 vols., imp. 4to, 201.
Eighteenth-Century Colour Prints, one of fifty
copies, 10Z, 10s. ; Old English Masters engraved
by Cole, 12Z. 12s. The life and works of the
Wards, by Frankau, 15Z. Under Walt Whitman is
the Book Lover's Camden Edition, New York,
1902, 10 vols., half-vellum, 9Z. 9s.
Messrs. S. Drayton & Sons, Exeter, forward
Catalogues 222 and 223. The former contains
Britton's Cathedral Antiquities, 5 vols., 4to,
half-morocco, 1836, 2Z. 15s. ; the first edition of
Casa Guidi Windows, Chapman & Hall, 1851,
12s. Qd. ; and some curious old Children's Books.
Under Local is an account of the Bristol Riots,
2 vols., 1832, 12s. 6eZ. There are works under
Heraldry, Ireland, Natural History, &c. Cata-
logue 223 is devoted to Divinity, and includes
the names of Newman, R. J. Campbell, Dean
Alford, Henry Drummond, Liddon, Hook, Stanley,
and many others.
Mr. Francis Edwards sends two catalogues.
The one devoted to important books on Native
Races comprises Skeat and Blagden's Malay
Races and Skeat's Malay Magic ; Dennett's and
Leonard's The Negroes of West Africa, and others,
all at greatly reduced prices. The other cata-
logue is a short list of new remainders : we note
Boccaccio, Rigg's translation, with Chalon's
twelve fine plates, the two volumes with separate
portfolio, containing 8 extra plates, 1Z. 6s.
Holmes's Bookbindings in the Royal Library
at Windsor, 4to, 2Z. 10s. ; Cox's Introduction to
Folk-lore, Is. Qd. ; Jennings's Rosicrucians, ,4s. 6d.-,
The Literary Club edition of Dr. Johnson's
Complete Works, 16 vols., roy. 8vo, cloth, gilt
tops, 3Z. 3s., published at 8Z. Under a curiosity in
literature is The Mafeking Mail, a news-sheet
published daily during the siege, 18s.
Mr. William Glaisher's Catalogue 375 is a
supplementary one of Publishers' Remainders.
We note a few : ' Delane of " The Times," '
2 vols., 7s. 6d. ; Duke of Argyll's ' Passages from
the Past,' 2 vols., 5s. ; ' The Letters of Lord
Chesterfield,' 3 vols., 8s. 3d. ; ' Life of the Right
Hon. Hugh Childers,' 2 vols., 3s. 6d. ; ' The
Orrery Papers,' 2 vols., 9s. ; Dobell's ' Side-
lights on Lamb,' 2s. Qd. ; Wright's ' Life of W T alter
Pater,' 2 vols., 7s. 6cZ. ; Scott, 25 handy pocket
volumes, India paper, calf, in cloth cabinet,
2Z. 2s. ; Seyffert's 'Dictionary of Antiquities,'
large 4to, 6s. ; and Herbert Spencer's ' Auto-
biography,' 2 vols., 6s. Qd. Under the heading
' A Great Art Work ' is ' The Bible in Art,' 786
illustrations,^ massive 4to volumes, 12s.
Mr. J. Jacobs's Catalogue 56 opens with a
Collection of Spiritualistic Manuscript Records
made by Henderson Mackenzie, bound in 7 vols.,
4to., 1857-65, 12Z. 12s. Under Carlyle are first
editions. Defoe items include the first edition of
The Fortunate Mistress, 1724, 5Z. 5s. (wants
frontispiece, age-stained throughout). We note
a copy of Shakespeare, Stockdale's edition,
1807, 6 vols., 4to, 10Z. 10s., and some early and
rare Tracts by Swift. Under Tortoise-Shell
Binding is Le Nouveau Testament, Amsterdam,
1697, and Les Pseavmes de David, together in
1 vol., 2Z. 2s. Works under Americana, George
Colman, France, and Paris are also offered.
Among Autograph Letters is one of George
Washington's, August, 1778, written from Fort
Wayne, 3Z. 3s.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
to
ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
EDITORIAL communications should be addressed
bo "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries "'Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub-
lishers "at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.C.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer arid
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
ii B. in. MAR. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
161
LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH A, 1911.
CONTENTS. No. 62.
NOTES : Englishmen as German Authors, 161 Thacke-
ray's Nose John Boxall, 162 Sir C. Hanbury Williams,
Sir Woodbine Parish, and Carlyle Green Park Lodge, 163
Berkshire Churchwardens' Accounts Anna Howe and
Charlotte Grandison, 164 Capt. Cook Memorial Bap-
tismal Scarf-Scout=Spy, Sneak, 165-Sixteenth-Century
Rules for Servants Sticklac Yews in Churchyards, 166.
QUERIES : Bethlem Royal Hospital " Gentlemen " :
"Armiger": " Privilegiatus " Honorary Degrees at
Cambridge Tennyson's ' Flower in the crannied wall '
Alien Priories Goodbetter Smallpox and the Stars
Shersons of Ellel Craig, 167-" Cackling clouts" " Car-
millions " " Gainshot " " Hunnin'-pin" " Kmchie
r< Sufflee " Physician's Cane Samuel Byrom Latin
Hexameters Ricketts : Goodwin: Johnson, 168 Free-
man : Beauchamp: Lawrence G. Rumney Sir W.
Romney Romney Family Thomas Barrow, 169 Simon
Pincerna and Westminster, 170.
REPLIES : " Bezant," 170 Walter Haddon Adders' Fat
as a Cure for Deafness Ear-Piercing, 171 Murderers
reprieved for Marriage American Words and Phrases
" George Inn " at Woburn "Had I Wist," 172-Canons,
Middlesex -Alexander Holmes "Love me, love my dog"
" No great shakes "Ordinaries of Newgate Col. Oakes
:and Queen Caroline's Funeral Underground Soho, 173
Pyrrhus's Toe Stair Divorce' Death of Capt. Cook '
Spider's Web, 174 Raleigh and Tobacco "Vail" Parish
Formation "Stick-in-the-Mud" Bibliography of Folk-
lore Gratious Street=Gracechurch Street, 175 Fairfax :
Sayre : Maunsell-Keats, Hampstead, and Dilke Leader
of the House of Commons Absinthe-drinking Amphis-
fcsenic Book, 176 -Water Shoes Phipps or Phip Family-
Lea Wilson's Bibles Authors Wanted" Let us go hence,
my songs," 177 'Les Arrivants ' Sir Robert Peel and his
Speeches Dryden as Place- Name Dom Francisco Manuel
de Mello " -de- " : " -ty-," 178 " Ware " Potatoes
"Almighty Dollar "Julia Pastrana J. Jane way, 179.
NOTES ON BOOKS : Burke's ' Peerage and Baronetage '
'Primitive Psycho-Therapy and Quackery' 'A Good
Fight ' ' Newspaper Press Directory ' Writers' and
Artists' Year-Book.
ENGLISHMEN AS GERMAN AUTHORS.
AMONG the minor German poets there are
a fair number of English birth. These men
are either the sons of English parents born
in Germany or there for professional reasons
or for purposes of study. The first of these
Englishmen as German poets are in point of
time three born between 1763 and 1770
Collins, Mellish, and Sinclair.
Collins (1763-1814) wrote Masonic songs
.as well as other poems not published till
after his death. As at this date the students
.at the University of Konigsberg were in
every faculty obliged to attend lectures on
philosophy, Collins must have studied under
Kant during the year he spent at that Uni-
versity (1784-5). He seems to be the only
one of English birth who attended Kant's
lectures.
Mellish (1768-1823), who at the age of
thirty had received the title of Prussian
" Kammerherr," lived in Weimar on a
friendly footing with Goethe and other
literary men in Court circles. His poems
appeared in 1818 as ' German Poems of an
Englishman,' with some translations. They
have never been reprinted.
Sinclair (1770-1815) was the son ol a
learned Scottish baronet of some importance
in the political world. He studied from
1788 to 1793 in Tubingen, where he made
the acquaintance of Hb'lderlin, the author
of ' Hyperion,' who later dedicated two
poems to him. It is interesting to note
that the biographers of Holderlin do not
seem to be aware that Sinclair, who did
his best to help the unhappy half-insane
poet, was a Scotchman. Sinclair is generally
known in Germany as Isaak von Sinclair.
He is the author of tragedies on the Huguenot
risings in the Cevennes, published in 1806.
Some of my information about the above
authors I owe to Brummer's ' Lexikon der
deutschen Dichter bis Ende des achtzehnten
Jahrhunderts.'
Between 1802 and 1865 were born five
Englishmen who wrote German poems.
The eldest of these, Charles Major-Forseyth
(1802-1852), the son of a Scottish merchant
captain, was born in Memel. He became a
clergyman, and published a volume of poems
in 1846. The second, Sir Henry H. F. B.
Maxse (1832-83), Governor of Heligoland and
after wards of Newfoundland, married in 1860
a German actress. Through the influence of
his wife he took a great interest in the
German theatre, for which he wrote tliree
plays, one of which, ' Louise de la Valliere,'
has often been performed.
The remaining three poets, Percy Andrese,
Mackay, and Marshall, are described in
Brummer's * Lexikon der deutschen Dichter
und Prosaisten des neunzehnten Jahrhun-
derts.' Of these, Percy Andreae, born in
1858, wrote two plays ; and Marshall, born
in 1865, published a volume of poems in
1895 under the title of 'Einsame Blumen.'
John Henry Mackay, born at Greenock
in 1864, came to Germany at the age of two.
He is a very fruitful poet and dramatist,
besides being the author of numerous philo-
sophical writings in defence of his stand-
point as an individualistic anarchist. Among
his works are translations of American and
English poets, and a Social Democratic
poem entitled * Arma parata fero.' In the
history of philosophy Mackay appears
as the editor of the minor works of Stirner,
the individualist.
162
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. MA*. 4, 1911.
This list of Englishmen as German authors
would not be complete without mention of
Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the author of
' Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahr-
hunderts ' and of a life of Wagner. There
is hardly an educated German who is un-
acquainted with Chamberlain's works.
H. G. WAHD.
Aachen.
THACKERAY'S NOSE.
THIS being the centenary of the great " M. A
Titmarsh," no doubt many old tales will be
raked up, memories of the gentle cynic
whose satire was (nearly always) genial and
full of good fun.
About a year after his death I>as journey-
ing northwards from London on one of the
main railways, and as I was to have several
hours of it, I had provided myself with
an interesting novel, then in its zenith of
popularity ' Vanity Fair.' My only com-
panions in a first-class compartment were
two nice old ladies, sisters, and during some
hours together we had become mutually
friendly. The acquaintance began by one of
the ladies noticing the title of the volume I
was reading :
" You seem much engrossed with your book ;
so were we when it came out first, for we knew
the author well, and in his boyhood, when at
Charterhouse, he often visited us in his vacations.
He was a most charming boy, not only by nature,
but also remarkably handsome, and, in those
early days, noticeable by his beautiful aquiline
features. We missed seeing him for a time, and
then had him again for our visitor. But his
features were so altered, we scarcely knew the
handsome lad of former visits. We did not like
to vex the boy, for his whole nature seemed
changed, and we attributed it to mortification
at the cruel injury to the main feature of his
"One day he told us how it had happened.
Being one of the youngest pupils, he was chosen
by one of the older lads, a rather proud aristocrat
in his way, to act as his fag. Thackeray bore it
as well as he could, but demurred to some more
arbitrary command than usual, and flatly refused
to obey. Whereupon the young ' aristocrat '
caught Thackeray up, held his head under his
arm, and, with the heel of his boot used as a
hammer, beat the beautiful aquiline nose quite
flat with his face ; in fact, breaking and injuring
its structure completely the excuse being
' You '11 clean my boots next time, sir.' "
The lad was completely cowed ; he had
only been in the school a short time, and had
no friends ; so he bore the punishment, but
it seemed to change his nature, and the
ladies said that the cynical, satirical spirit
so remarkable in his writings of later years,
they always attributed to this horrible
treatment in his childhood.
Thackeray in later years made much fun
of his broken nose, comparing his to Michael
Angelo's, whose beauty had been spoilt by
Torrigiano's mallet ; but that was a more
dignified tool than the heel of a snob's boot.
JOHN WABD.
[The usual account says that Venables broke
Thackeray's nose in fair fight.]
JOHN BOXALL.
BOXAI/L'S life in the ' D.N.B.' (like that in
Mr. Gillow's ' Bibliographical Dictionary ' >
does not seem to be quite accurate :
"He took orders, but abstained from
exercising the functions of his ministry during
the reign of Edward VI."
As to this, it appears from Dr. Frere's-
' Marian Reaction,' p. 255, that he received
all orders up to the priesthood in June, 1554,.
in London.
" On Queen Mary's accession he was appointed
her majesty's secretary of state, dean of Ely,,
prebendary of Winchester, and warden of Win-
chester College (1554)."
He did not become a Secretary of State
before March, 1557, and was not sole
Secretary of State before April, 1558 ; and
he was never Dean of Ely, nor, so far as
would appear, Prebendary of Winchester.
Again, the ' D.N.B.' states that he was
" appointed prebendary of York " in 1558.
This also appears to be an error. He
resigned the Wardenship of Winchester
College in 1556, and the deanery of Norwich
in 1558. These resignations are not recorded
in the ' D.N.B.'
On Queen Elizabeth's accession Boxall wa
deprived of all his offices, including (it
would seem) nine ecclesiastical preferments,
viz., the deanery of Peterborough (to which
he was appointed in 1557), the deanery of
Windsor (1557), a canonry at Windsor (1558),
the prebend of Newington in St. Paul's
Cathedra] (1558), the prebend of Grantham in
Salisbury Cathedral (1558), the archdeaconry
of Ely (1556), the first stall in Ely Cathedral
(1554), the rectory of Hatfield, Hertford-
shire (1554), and the prebend of Ilton in
the diocese of Bath and Wells (the date of
his appointment to which is unknown).
Some of these preferments find no mention
in the ' D.N.B.,' which also omits to record
that he was committed to the custody of
Archbishop Parker, 2 November, 1559 1 .
Thence he was transferred a close prisoner
to the Tower, 18 June, 1560. His imprison-
ment there was relaxed 6 September, 1560,
to the extent of his being allowed to meet
three of the other prisoners at meals. It
would seem that he fell ill, and was offered
ii s. in. MAR. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
163
the choice of going into the custody of Arch-
bishop Parker again or into that of Bishop
Grinlal, and that he preferred to remain
in the Tower.
On 15 September, 1563, the plague then
being prevalent in London, and it being
thought well to remove the prisoners for
religion from the Tower, Boxall was com-
mitted to the custody of Archbishop
Parker at Bekesbourne in Kent, being made
to pay for his board and lodging. He was
there a prisoner 3 June, 1564. In October,
1 567, he was still in the Archbishop's custody,
although it had been in some ways relaxed.
In a letter to Bullinger dated 10 August,
1571, Parkhurst writes that he " died at
Lambeth, where also Thirlby. . . .died before
him " ; but Parker says that he had allowed
him to go in his illness to a friend's house in
London, where he died. The date of his
death is variously given as the 3rd or 4th
of March, 1570/71.
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
SIR CHARLES HANBURY WILLIAMS, SIR
WOODBINE PARISH, AND THOMAS CARLYLE.
The recent publication of ' A Life of Sir
Woodbine Parish ' by his grand-daughter,
the Hon. Nina Kay Shuttleworth, reminds
me that I have in my possession an interest-
ing volume that was formerly in the library
of that distinguished diplomatist, and bears
his book-plate. This volume is made up
of extracts from the third volume of ' The
Works of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams,'
1822 (pp. 61-109, 208-40, and i-lxxxi),
together with a MS. account of the Court
of Vienna contained in a letter from Sir
Charles Hanbury Williams to the Duke of
Newcastle, which extends to 55 octavo
pages. This letter is undated, but as Sir
Charles was in Vienna in 1752, it was
ascribed by Sir W. Parish to that year.
The volume is prefaced by the following
note :
" This volume contains some Memorials written
by Sir C. H. W ms relative to the foreign Courts
and Countries where he was employed on H. M y ' 8
Diplomatic Service Saxony, Poland, Russia.
" The poems which formed the remainder of the
publication are only remarkable for their in-
decency, and have been cut out.
" The MS. account of the Court of Vienna
has never been published. W.P."
Before the MS., which is not in the hand-
writing of Sir Woodbine Parish, is the follow-
ing note by him :
" The following Despatch is copied from one
furnished to Sir .George (afterwards Earl) Macart-
ney on his proceeding on his Special Mission to
Russia in 1766 in my possession. W. Parish."
At the end of the volume the following
letter is inserted :
St. Leonard's, April, 1865.
DEAR BLAKISTOX, I have long intended send-
ing yo>j this Volume, w h contains an unpub-
lished despatch of Sir Chas. Hanbury Williams
to the Secy of State the Duke of Newcastle in
1752, giving a very interesting account of the
Court of Vienna at that time, thinking it would
be of interest to your friend Carlyle ; but I fear
now it will arrive too late to be of any use to him,,
seeing that he has completed his great Work, but
you may send it to him, and he is quite at liberty
to take a copy of it, if he wishes for it. Yrs-
sincerely, WOODBINE PARISH.
Carlyle wrote the following remarks on
the blank page of this letter :
" I have not taken any copy: but feel greatly
obliged to Sir Woodbine Parish for his goodness.
"It is pity the letter were not dated ; the
real year of it must be 1753 (not '2) ; and to
German readers the chief novelty in it is Hanbury's
complete mistake as to the real purposes notions
and position of Kaunitz in regard to the matters
handled between them. Sharp political spectacles
on Hanbury's part, on Kaunitz's a perfect cloak of
darkness ! T. C. (Chelsea, 11 May)."
W. F. PRIDEATJX.
THE GREEN PARK LODGE. So little seems
to be known about the Deputy Ranger's
Lodge in the Green Park that the following
unpublished facts about it, from the Pitt
Papers (P.R.O. bundle 139), may be useful
to London topographers. They were written
by Lord William Gordon, who was the
brother of Lord George, and who had made
the town talk by bolting with Lady Sarah
Bunbury a few years before. Dating from
" Green Park Lodge," 20 April, 1789, he
wrote :
" Lord William Gordon presents his compli-
ments to Mr. Pitt, and sends enclosed a statement
of his situation as Deputy Ranger of the Parks,
and wishes very much that Mr. Pitt would take
the first opportunity of mentioning it to his
Majesty. Lord William begs Mr. Pitt to recol-
lect that his Majesty was graciously pleased to
give him a grant of the premises upwards of ten
years ago, and Lord William would wish to
obtain a permanent grant of the same, including
the House, for such term of years as might be
thought reasonable, instead of holding it on the
present precarious terms. As Lord and Lady
William are extremely anxious on this subject,
they wish to know as soon as possible the result
of the application which they flatter themselves
Mr. Pitt will make to his Majesty on their behalf.
" [The application :] Lord William Gordon is
bound to pay to the Hon. Mr. Shirley 400
per annum during the life of Mr. Shirley. In
consequence of the above agreement Mr. Shirley
resigned his appointment of Deputy Ranger to
Lord William Gordon. The above arrangement
was previously laid before his Majesty, who
was graciously pleased to approve it. Lord
Oxford, as Ranger, also approved it, and appointed
Lord William Deputy Ranger in consequence.
164
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. in. MAR. 4, 1911,
" In addition to the 400 per annum paid to
Mr. Shirley since the agreement was made (now
upwards of ten years), and which in any event
must be continued to be paid during his life,
Lord William has expended upwards of 8,000
upon the premises. The reason for so doing and
lor granting the annuity of 400 to Mr. Shirley
was on the faith of Mr. Shirley's assurances that
the Deputy Banger was never moved from his
house and office, but which assurances Lord
William had lately reason to think would not have
iDeen of much avail. Under these circumstances
Lord and Lady William Gordon natter them-
selves Mr. Pitt will not think them unreasonable
when they request him to state their hopes to his
Majesty that they may receive a grant of the
house and premises for such term of years as his
Majesty under all circumstances may think
reasonable. '
Lady William had meantime also written
about the case on 1 April to Dundas, who
was a great friend of her husband's sister-in-
law the witty Jane Maxwell, Duchess of
Gordon. I may add that a steel engraving
of the Lodge appeared in The Lady's Maga-
zine of the period. J. M. BULLOCH.
118, Pall Mall, S.W.
BERKSHIRE CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS,
c. 1800. The following particulars are
taken from the churchwardens' account-
book, 1796-1847, of the parish of South
Moreton, Berks. The most noticeable ex-
penditure was for the destruction of sparrows
and vermin, which in one year came to
31. 19s. Qd. In May, 1798 (e.g.), 429 sparrows,
or sparrow-heads, were paid for at the rate
of 2d. a dozen ; polecats and hedgehogs
brought 4d. each ; weasels, 3d. or 4d. ;
stoats, 3d. ; and one " wheratt," 3d. Per-
haps the last was a ferret, but the word
only occurs once. (The spelling has all the
pleasing variety of untrammelled genius.)
No rats are mentioned. Probably these
payments ceased when compulsory church-
rates were abolished.
The Holy Communion was celebrated
four times a year, at Easter, Whitsuntide,
Michaelmas, and Christmas, for which the
bread and wine cost II. 2s. doubtless
4 bottles and 4 loaves. There are entries of
'" washing the cloths for the altar," showing
that the last word was regarded as usual
and proper. Sometimes " up " is written
'" op," which is the local pronunciation to
this day. W. C. B.
ANNA HOWE AND CHARLOTTE GRANDISON.
The similarity between the character of
Anna Howe in Richardson's ' Clarissa Har-
lowe ' and of Charlotte Grandison in his
* Sir Charles Grandison ' has often been
referred to by his biographers (Austin
Dobson, 'Samuel Richardson,' p. 158, and
C. L. Thomson, ' Samuel Richardson,'
p. 205). Both Anna Howe and Charlotte
Grandison treat their not very manly lovers,
Charles Hickman and Lord G , in much
the same free and rude way. It has, how-
ever, not been pointed but that Richardson
himself has called attention in an interesting
passage to the close similarity between the
two characters ('Sir Charles Grandison,'
i. 341, ed. 1902). Harriet Byron writes on
this subject to Lucy Selby :
" Lord G appeared to advantage, as Sir Charles
managed it, under the awful eye of Miss Grandi-
son. Upon my word, Lucy, she makes very free
with him. I whispered her, that she did. A
very Miss Howe, said I. To a very Mr. Hickman,
rewhispered she. But here 's the difference.
I am not determined to have Lord G . Miss
Howe yielded to her mother's recommendation,
and intended to marry Mr. Hickman even when
she used him worst."
This is the only passage in the body of his
novels in which Richardson refers to his
own works. The difference noted by Char-
lotte Grandison between Anna Howe and
herself does not afterwards exist, as she
later on accepts Lord G .
The first one to point out the similarity
between Anna Howe and Charlotte Grandi-
son was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in a
letter dated 20 October, N.S., 1755. She
had read the first two "tomes" of 'Sir
Charles Grandison ' before 22 September
in the same year. It seems that Lady Mary
discovered for herself the similarity between
the two characters, and was not thinking
of the passage in Richardson quoted above.
Anna Howe and Charlotte Grandison are
severely condemned by Lady Mary ('Letters,'
ii. 290, ed. 1893) :
" His Anna How [sic] and Charlotte Grandison
are recommended as patterns of charming
pleasantry .... Charlotte acts with an ingratitude
that I think too black for human nature, with such
coarse jokes and low expressions as are only to be
heard among the lowest class of people."
The only expressions used by Charlotte
Grandison which Lady Mary could have
considered " low " are the following :
" I '11 be hanged if Miss Byron thinks so, re-
whispered she." ' Sir Charles Grandison,' i. 285.
"Come, come, get us some breakfast....!
don't choose to eat my gloves .... Hang ceremony,
said she, sitting down first, let slower souls com-
pliment : and taking some muffin, I '11 have
breakfasted before these pray, madams, and pray,
my dears, are seated." lh., i. 301.
The various bibliographies in the works
on Richardson do not mention Lessing's
account of his novels, which may be read in
Karl Lachmann's edition. Lessing did not
object to Charlotte Grandison, for he refers
ii s. in. MAR. 4, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
165
to her and Harriet Byron as " junge Frauen-
zimmer von guter Erziehung, und munterer
Gemiitsart " (vol. vii. p. 399).
Some excellent remarks on the influence
of the characters of Anna Howe and of
Charlotte Grandison on the English novel
are to be found in a work by Wilhelm
Dibelius entitled * Englische Romankunst.'
H. G. WARD.
Aachen.
CAPT. COOK MEMORIAL. Now that
the long outstanding debt of Britain to its
great sailor is about to be paid by the
erection of his statue in the Metropolis, I
may call to mind, as a possible stimulus to
subscribers, the way his achievement and
death impressed the imagination of his con-
temporaries in England and on the Continent,
as shown by one or two of the monuments,
less individual than a statue, which were
raised in England and France to comme-
morate his voyages. That these should
have sometimes taken the form of tombs,
tablets, and memorials in gardens was
in the taste of the time, which had lately
brought to the highest pitch of poignancy
the Sentimental Farm of Southcote at
Woburn and the Jardin Larmoyant of
Shenstone at the Leasowes.
In Lord Temple's gardens at Stowe, for
instance (where Nelson was later com-
memorated by a seat and a walk), a monu-
ment to the memory of Cook was erected
on one of the small islands, in what was
called the Grotto River. The pedestal
supported a terrestrial globe, upon which are
delineated the equatorial, tropical, and other
lines, with the following inscription :
Te maris et terrse numeroque carentis arena;
Mensorem.
'Twas thine to track the Ocean's endless round,
Each distant shore and Earth's extremest bound.
And in the die at the pedestal was inserted a
medallion of Captain Cook in marble and
under it a tablet
Jacobo Cook MDCCLXXVIII.
In the Garden at Mereville (erected by La
Borde, and engraved in his ' Nouveaux
Jardins de la France') was raised " Le
Tombeau de Cook " (in macabre rivalry to the
real tomb of Rousseau on the Isle of Poplars
at Ermenonville), with bas-reliefs of
savages, broken columns, and funerary
urns ; but the monument was less truly
a tribute to Cook than to La Borde' s two
sailor sons, shipmates with La Perouse,
the great French circumnavigator, who
perished in the South Seas in 1788, but whose
fate was only definitely ascertained in 1828.
At Chalfont St. Giles, Admiral Sir Hugh
Palliser, Lord of the Vache, erected a brick
building with a pedestal in front of it to
Captain James Cook, " the ablest and most
renowned navigator this or any other
country hath produced."
It is right that Cook's statue should be?
set up immediately after that of General
Wolfe ; for Cook, when Master of the
"Mercury" and not yet a Naval Lieutenant r
took the soundings in the St. Lawrence, and
made a chart of the river below Quebec,
which must have materially contributed
to the success of Wolfe's landing at the
Cove named after him and of his victory on
the Heights of Abraham. An obelisk, 100ft.
high, stands upon a hill in the Park at Stowe,
inscribed to Major-General Wolfe:
Ostendunt terris hunc tantum Fata.
The Fates but shew him to the world.
February 14, St. Valentine's Day, is the
anniversary of Cook's death in 1779.
A. FORBES SIEVEKING.
12, Seymour Street, W.
BAPTISMAL SCARF. At the baptism of
Earl Fitz William's son and heir at Went-
worth Woodhouse on llth February we are
told that
" the babe was borne to the chapel wrapped
in the famous Norman scarf presented to an
ancestor by William the Conqueror. This scarf
has played an important part in the christening
of Fitzwilliam heirs for centuries. It has a,
romantic history. An ancestor of the Fitz-
williams was Ambassador at the Court of William
of Normandy, and attended the Conqueror on his
expedition to England in the year 1060. Sir
William Fitzwilliam displayed such conspicuous
bravery at the battle of Hastings that the Con-
queror unfastened a scarf from his arm and pre-
sented it to him in recognition of his valour."
Eastern Morning News, 13 Feb.
When Sir Robert Southwell was at Milton
in 1684 Lord Fitzwilliam showed him
" the antiquities of his family, amour: whom
the last twelve have been called Williams. They
have affected this name from William Fitzwilliams,
who entered with the Conqueror, and being
Marshal of the Lamp [an error for Camp] in the
famous fight of Battle Abbey, the Conqueror
gave him his own scarf in reward of his prowess-
that day. This scarf they preserve sacred, and
by custom lay it over the face of all the male
children when christened." ' Calendar of Or-
monde MSS.,' N.S. iv. 594 (1906).
W. C. B.
SNEAK. The * Century
Dictionary ' gives a quotation from * Rode-
rick Random ' in illustration of the meaning
of scout as a spy, a sneak, but it would seem
to have t been of decidedly earlier use. In
the * Acts of the Privy Council of England,
166
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. MAB. 4, 1911
Colonial Series,' vol. ii., 1680-1720, p. 607,
is given a petition dated 25 July, 1709, of
John Sober of Barbados, " forced to leave
the island, his business and family, by an
unjust prosecution forced againsMiim by the
Governor," Mitford Crowe. In an affidavit
Sober said that
" he was so exasperated by the indecent and
unbecoming manner in which the Governor
behaved to his wife and sister that he declared
that, though he must respect her Majesty's
Oovernor, if Mr. Crowe had been a Private Man,
lie would then have said he was a scout and a
ficoundrell."
ALFRED F. BOBBINS.
SIXTEENTH - CENTURY RULES FOR SER-
VANTS. In The Repository, a weekly review
of literature, science, and belles lettres,
published by F. Virtue, at 26, Bath Street,
Bristol, during 1827 (18 issues only, appar-
ently), I find a set of rules for servants in a
sixteenth- century country house. The rules
are stated to have been framed by John
Harington in 1566, and renewed by his son
John Harington in 1592, the year in which he
was High Sheriff of Somerset. He was the
Elizabethan poet and wit of whom an
account is given in 'D.1ST.B.,' and Kelston,
near Bath, was his home :
Imprimis, That no servant bee absent from
praier, at morning or evening without a lawfull
excuse, to be alleged within one day after, vppon
paine to forfeit for euery tyme Id.
II. Item, That none swear any othe, vppon
paine for euery othe, Id.
III. Item, That none of the men be in bed,
from our Lady-day to Michaelmas, after 6 of the
clock in the morning ; nor out of his bed after 10
of the clock at night ; nor from Michaelmas till
our La,dy-day, in bed after 7 in the morning, nor
out after 9 at night, without reasonable cause,
on paine of 2d.
V. That no man's bed be vnmade, nor fire or
candle-box vnclean, after 8 of the clock in the
morning, on paine of Id.
VII. Item, That no man teach any of the
children any vnhonest speeche, or evil word, or
othe, on paine of 4d.
VIII. Item, That no man waite at the table
without a trencher in his hand, except it be vppon
some good cause, on paine of Id.
IX. Item, That no man appointed to waite at
jny table be absent that meale, without reasonabel
cause, on paine of Id.
X. Item, If any man break a glasse, hec shall
aunswer the price thereof out of his wages ; and
if it bee not known who breake it, the butler shall
pay for it, on paine of 12d.
XI. Item, The table rmist be couered halfe an
houer before 11 at dinner, and 6 at supper, or
before, on paine of 2d.
XII. Item, That meate be readie at 11, or
XIII. Item, That none be absent, without
leaue or good cause, the whole day, or any part
of it, on paine of 4tf.
XIV. Item, That no man strike his fellow, on
paine of loss of seruice ; nor reuile or threaten,
or prouoke another to strike, on paine of I2d.
XV. Item, That no man come to the kitchen
without reasonable cause, on paine of Id.
XVI. Item, That none toy with the maids, on
paine of 4d.
XVII. That no man weare foule shirt on
Sunday, nor broken hose or shooes, or dublett
without buttons, on paine of If7.
XVIII. Item, That when any stranger goeth
hence, the chamber be drest vp againe within
4 howrs after, on paine of Id.
XIX. Item, That the hall be made cleane
euery day, by eight in the winter and seauen
in the summer, on paine of him that should do
it to forfeit Id.
XX. That the cowrt-gate bee shutt each
meale, and not opened during dinner and supper,
without just cause, on paine the porter to forfeit
for euery time Id.
XXI. Item, that all stayrs in the house, and
other rooms that neede shall require, bee made
cleane on Fryday after dinner, on paine of
forfeyture of euery one whome it shall belong vnto,
3rf.
All which sommes shall be duly paide each
quarter-day out of their wages, and bestowed on
the poore, or other godly vse.
CHARLES WELLS.
134, Cromwell Road, Bristol.
STICKLAC. The following appears to be
an early instance of the use of this substance,
as well as of the word itself. Lac, it is well
known, is the resinous substance produced
mainly upon the Ficus Indica, or Banyan
tree, by the Coccus Ficus or Coccus Lacca,
sticklac being the substance in its natural
state. The earliest mention I find of its
use in this country, apart from the newspaper
quotation given below, is in Rees's ' Cyclo-
paedia ' :
" The price (of lac) in Dacca, in 1781, says Mr.
Kerr, was about 12*. the hundred pounds weight,
although brought from the distant country of
Assam."
But among other commodities to be sold by
auction in 1742 (Daily Advertiser, 23 Jan.
of that year), was " six hundred weight of
Sticklack."
J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
YEWS IN CHURCHYARDS. Some little
time ago the subject of churchyard yews
was discussed in ' N. & Q.' The following
information is taken from ' Le Folk-Lore
de France,' by P. Sebillot, iii. 406. The
yew is the consecrated tree (Farbre consacre)
in Breton graveyards, where ordinarily there
is only one ; it is said that it shoots out a
root into the mouth of each of the dead.
In Poitou the grave-yards are in general
before, at dinner ; and 6, or before, at supper, on in - *;*<* '"*
paine of Gd. I planted with walnut-trees, some of those of
ii s. in. MAR. 4, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
167
Cotentin with thorns. Not long ago apple-
trees were still to be seen in certain grave-
yards of High Brittany which lay round
churches ; it was the same in Normandy,
.and the authors of the vaux-de-vire make
allusion to the antiquity of the custom.
P. W. G. M.
floras.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
BETHLEM ROYAL HOSPITAL. I am com-
pleting my ' History of Bedlam,' and should
be glad of information from any readers
of ' N. & Q.' I have been unable to trace
the whereabouts of a picture by Hogarth,
who painted the exterior of Bethlehem
Hospital in Moorfields ; and I cannot find
in the Museum Print-Room caricatures by
Gillray of Fox and Burke in Bedlam
(1784 and 1789).
E. G. O'DoNOGHUE, Chaplain.
" GENTLEMAN " : " ARMIGER " : " PRIVI-
LEGIATUS." - In Foster's 'Alumni Oxoni-
enses ' the fathers of some of the alumni are
described as gent., of others as arm. What
distinction of meaning is here intended
between gentleman and armiger ?
And what does privileciiatus mean in such
entries as the following ? " Adee, Ed-
mund, toiisor ; privilegiatus 18 July, 1740."
BLADUD. .
JFor armiger see the references cited in the
torial note at 10 S. vii. 109.]
HONORARY DEGREES AT CAMBRIDGE. I
am informed that until some not very distant
date there was a practice at Cambridge of
conferring honorary degrees on all applicants
who could prove a connexion or relation-
ship, direct or collateral, with the Royal
Family. I should be glad to learn if this was
so in fact ; and, if so, how long the custom
lasted, the nature of the degree, whether
there was any special name by which such
degrees were known, and whether any list
of the recipients is accessible.
ALAN STEWART.
TENNYSON'S 'FLOWER IN THE CRANNIED
WALL.' Where was Tennyson's poem,
* Flower in the crannied wall,' &c., pub-
lished ? It is quoted in Sir Norman Lock-
yer's ' Tennyson as a Student,' &c., with
an apparent reference to ' Amphion,' but
it is not there. It is not mentioned in
Brightwell's Concordance. It is quoted in
'N.E.D.' s.v. " Crannied," but without the
reference -a very unusual thing with the
' N.E.D.' H. N. ELLACOMBE.
Bitton Vicarage, Bristol.
[The " Eversley Edition " of Tennyson (1908),
' Poems,' vol. ii. p. 376, has a note saying :
" [First published in 1869. ED.] The flower
was plucked out of a wall at ' Waggoners Wells '
near Haslemere."
On the other hand, according to Mr. T. J.
Wise's ' Bibliography of Tennyson,' privately
printed, 1908, vol. i. p. 214, the little poem first
appeared in ' The Holy Grail, and other Poems '
(1870). It now appears just before the ' Experi-
ments ' in metre. The reference in Sir N.
Lockyer's book, " p. 240," clearly refers to the
one- volume edition of Tennyson, and on that
page the poem will be found.]
ALIEN PRIORIES : THEIR CHARTTJLARIES.
Many alien priories and similar institutions
possessed estates in England. Presumably
the chartularies of some, it not of all, of these
institutions have survived and their present
location is known. Which of these chartul-
aries have been printed, and where in
England may these publications be seen ?
In regard to the English estates, they must
contain much material for the local historian
otherwise unattainable.
J. HAMBLEY ROWE. M.B.
GOODBETER : ITS LOCALITY. In a re-
cently published Danish MS., the diary of a
young man of science, Holger Jacobseus,
during his European travels and studies,
1671-92, he alludes to his visits to London
and Oxford. From the latter he made a trip
to Bristol, a two days' journey, through
Farringdon and " Mecksfyld " (Marshfield ?),
where he mentions stopping for the night at
Goodbeter," some village, evidently, in
Berkshire or Wiltshire. What place-name is
hidden under this form ? W. R. PRIOR.
SMALLPOX AND THE STARS. A seventeenth-
century poet wrote a poem to one suffering
Tom smallpox, comparing the pock-marks
stars and constellations. What is the
reference ? A. S. P.
SHERSONS OF ELLEL CRAIG AND LAN-
ASTER. Can any correspondent of 'N. & Q.'
refer me to books (such as county histories or
other antiquarian works) in which there is
mention of this family ? They were at one
ime hereditary constables of the Castle of
Lancaster, I believe. They intermarried
with the Nowells of Read. I want informa-
ion before the eighteenth century. I know
168
NOTES AND QUERIES. en s. m. MAR. 4, 1911.
the 4 History of Whalley.' Are there anj
Shersons living in Lancaster now or in anj
part of the County Palatine ? I shall be
grateful for any notes on the family, as !
have not the opportunity to make persona
investigations on the spot.
E. STUABT SHERSON.
39, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
" CACKLING CLOUTS " occurs in Ford's
'Vagabond Songs and Ballads,' Second
Series, p. 175 :
Forth spake the mither when she saw
The bride and maidens a' sae braw,
" Wi' cackling clouts, black be their fa',
They've made a bonnie cast o't."
" CARPILLIONS " occurs in ' Poems in
English, Scotch, and Gaelic on Various
Subjects,' by John Walker, farmer, Luss,
1817, p. 89:
Whan storms come rattlin' frae the east,
An' wife an' wee things apt to dozen,
We're oft obliged to stop a lozen,
An'carefully collect some rullions.
Like hose, or breeks, or auld carpillions,
Without regard to mode or form,
But just to screen us frae the storm.
"GAINSHOT" occurs in Sir T. Dick
Lauder's ' Moray Floods of 1829,' 3rd ed ,
pp. 316-7 :
i!, The north Esk . overspread the large bleach
field at Craigie Mills, which was covered with
cloths and yarn, rose to the height of 3 feet in
the mill, and, if it had not been for a rampart
raised by the people at the gainshot, by risking
their lives, the whole works might have been swept
n.\xrniT T^Vn-k >-w /- v * J ,-.4-,-, j J_T T ^ .
away The proprietor measured* "the^height
; the gainshot of the mills, and found
of the water at cue ^UJIISHUL 01 i/ne mnis, an
jt 7 feet 2 inches above the ordinary level."
" HUNNIN' PIN " occurs in Lauder, on. cit ,
p. 100:
" I then teuk for the grun', an' drappit down
on a wee bit spat [i.e. spot], where I fand an auld
cupple log, which Hugh had bought for fire. I
heezed it up. There was a hunnin' pin in't, and
that was like a stap, an' sae I gat a' doon, praised
be the Lord ! "
" KINCHIE " occurs in James Ogg's
Glints i' the Gloamin ' (1891), p. 41:
" Hi ! Bodkin, what cheer ? "
Said the Kinchie wee man
Wi' a comical kin' o' leer..
" SUFFLEE " occurs in Isaac Brown's
Renfrewshire Characters and Scenery,'
reprinted in Motherwell's ' Poetical Works''
1881, p. 3 :
''Mr. Brown was a manufacturer of Lappets,
Suffices, and Foundations or. as ordinarv
people would call him, a Muslin Manufacturer."
May I ask information as to the meaning
of the above words ? ALEX. WABRACK
Oxford.
PHYSICIAN'S CANE. I understand that
down to about the beginning of the last
century physicians, when visiting patients,
suffering from infectious diseases, carried
with them, as a safeguard against con-
tagion, walking-sticks in the hollow heads
of which was cotton wool saturated with
Marseilles vinegar or other antiseptic. Can,
any of your readers, therefore, say whether
the stick in my possession is a genuine
" physician's cane " ? It is a hazel with a
natural round head. This is hollowed out,
and at the bottom are several perforations.
Over these holes (in the inside of the cavity)
is a piece of gauze, and also inside near the-
top are two perforated brass discs. The lid
or plug is a well-fitting circular piece of wood,
with a round hole in the centre.
JOHN LINN.
Kirkliston, West Lothian.
SAMUEL BYROM was the author of ' An
Irrefragable Argument, fully proving that
to discharge Great Debts 5^ less injury and
more reasonable than to discharge Small
Debts,' 1729. Is anything known of him
besides what can be gleaned from this
pamphlet ? G. F. R. B.
LATIN HEXAMETERS BY MACHINERY.
From a volume of American essays published
in 1867 I extract the following extraordinary
passage :
" Twenty years ago [1847] there was exhibited in
London a machine which made excellent Latin
hexameters. The unfortunate inventor had spent
thirteen years in perfecting 'The Eureka,' as he
called it. It actually ground out hexameters lik*
hose of Virgil."
I remember as a boy watching the famous
'* Automaton " at the Crystal Palace playing
;hess against all comers. Was this verse-
making machine constructed on similar
ines ? Are there any records of its doings
extant ? M. L. R. BRESLAR.
RICKETTS : GOODWIN : JOHNSON. Capt.
William Ricketts of Bluefields Fort, Jamaica,
m. Mary, dau. of Goodwin, and grand-
daughter of Sir Francis Goodwin of Winchen-
don, Bucks, by his wife Elizabeth, dau. of
Sir Arthur, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton,
K.G.
Mrs. William Ricketts, nee Goodwin, d. 16
April, 1750 (not 1758, as stated in Burke's
Commoners ' and ' Landed Gentry '), being
hen aged 96.
Her dau. Rachel m. Thomas Johnson,
^/ieut. R.N., and had issue an only surviving
on Jacob Johnson of Springfield, Jamaica.
These Johnsons of Springfield used the
armorial bearings of the family of Johnson
ii s. m. MAR. 4, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
169
of London and Walthamstow, but had
tradition that they were of the same family
as Sir William Johnson, Bt., created 1755
The latter family, however, is known to hav<
sprung from a branch of the O'Neills o
Ulster.
I shall be glad if any of your readers can
help me to substantiate the alleged Good
win descent of Mrs. William Ricketts, anc
also aid me in tracing the ancestry o
Thomas Johnson, R.N.
ERSKINE E. WEST.
Cowper Gardens, Dublin.
FREEMAN : BEAUCHAMP : LAWRENCE.
In the reign of Charles I. were living two
conspicuous members of the Freeman
family, bearing the same Christian name
and title :
1. Sir Ralph Freeman of Aspeden, co
Hertford, Clothworker, was Lord Mayor oj
London 1633. His elder brother William
had been chosen Sheriff at the same time
with himself, but, excused for ill-health, died
1623, aged 68. Ralph's only child and heir.
Jane, married Sir George Sands of Lees Court,
Throwley, Kent.
2. Sir Ralph Freeman, Master of the Court
of Requests, and Master of the Mint, was
seised in 1619 (as I learn from a deed in the
Brooking-Rowe Bequest to Exeter Public
Library), together with William Freeman
and Ralph Freeman, all of London, Esquires,
in a fulling mill (i.e., cloth factory), messuage,
and land, in Buckfastleigh, Devon. A " Sir
Ralph Freeman of London," according to
Risdon, " lately had a lease " of the manor
of Ashburton in the same county.
In 1600 Martin Freeman, citizen and Fish-
monger of London, and Christopher Freeman,
of Heigham Ferrers, co. Northants, sold the
manor or mansion-house of Flaunchford in
the parishes of Reigate and Buckland,
Surrey, with lands, messuages, &c., lying in
the parishes and hamlets of Reigate, Buck-
land, Horley, Leigh, and Betchworth.
" Shortly after " 1631, Samuel Freeman
11 of Mailing " (near Maidstone, Kent) went
to New England. He is supposed to have
been a brother of Edmund Freeman, born
about 1590, who, leaving his mother resident
in Reigate, went over in 1635, was co-founder
of Plymouth Colony, of which he became
assistant governor in 1641, and a large land-
owner in Sandwich, Cape Cod. He was
" a man of consideration in England,"
"brought with him much valuable plate,"
and "presented the colony with twenty
corselets or pieces of plate -armour." He
acted, it is said, as confidential agent of the
Merchant Adventurers, and corresponded
with Mr. John Beauchamp, a London
merchant who had married Edmund's sister,
and who lived (at any rate for a time) with
the motiher in Reigate. In 1649 Beauchamp
wrote to Edmund's son-in-law in New
England notifying him that he was " sending
out Cloth and Bibles" to him, and mention-
ing "my brother Coddington " and "my
brother William Freeman."
While not wishing to trouble any one for
references to standard printed works, I
should be glad to learn of any modern com-
pilations or private records that might yield
connecting links between the above-named
persons, or between them and the Lawrence
family, through whom one of the Sir Ralphs
is found to be descended from progenitors
of the George Washington.
ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.
G. RUMNEY, OR ROMNEY, RECUSANT.
Wanted the parents, wife, and children of
George Rumney or Romney, recusant,
mentioned in Westmorland and Cumber-
land (Queen Eliz.), and of St. Clement Danes
parish, London (James I.), when an order
was made for his property to be estreated
into the Exchequer, 1611. What property ?
Was Lancelot Romney of Yanwath, West-
morland, his brother ?
George Romney' s cousin was Andrew
Hilton, recusant and martyr, of Burton in
Warcop, whose mother was Anne, dau. of
Gilbert Wharton, or Isabel Barton of Orms-
head (Ormside), Appleby. A cousin of
Hilton's was the Rev. James Warcop, and an
uncle Rev. Nich. Pulleine. MRS. LAW.
SIR W. ROMNEY, LORD MAYOR. Are any
descendants living of Sir William Romney,
Haberdasher, Lord Mayor of London, who
died 1611 ? His son William (also knighted,
[ think) married Margaret Bo water, and
lad a son William, a little boy in 1633. The
Lord Mayor's grandfather Robert Romney
was of Tetbury, Gloucestershire. Who were
lis parents ? MRS. LAW.
ROMNEY FAMILY AND LORD LIFFORD.
'n 17 a Romney is said to have been
brother to Lord Lifford. How was this ?
MRS. LAW.
THOMAS BARROW, ARTIST. Are any
descendants living of Thomas Barrow,
artist ? He lived last at Southall, Middle-
sex, and died, I think, about 1820. His
daughters were Mrs. Kennal and Mrs. Ann
Walker. MRS. LAW.
44, Upper Mall, Hammersmith, W.
170
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. MAR. 4, 1911.
SlMON PlNCEBNA AND WESTMINSTER.
Hals in his ' History of Cornwall ' states that
Henry III. granted Lanherne in Cornwall
to Simon Pincerna " in consideration that he,
the said Simon, had enfeoffed the. said King
Henry with the lordship and manor of St.
James at Westminster."
Is anything more known of this trans-
action, and if so, where can I find an account
of it ? Where may I find genealogical
particulars of this Simon Pincerna and his
forbears ? J. HAMBLEY ROWE, M.B.
[Much information concerning the Pincernas
is supplied at 10 S. ii. 90-92.]
" B E Z A N T."
(11 S. iii. 107.)
THE Bezant was a popular festival formerly
held on Monday in Rogation week in the
town of Shaftesbury, so ancient that no
authentic record of its origin exists. It was
a formal acknowledgment on the part of the
mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of the
borough to the lord of the manor of Mit-
combe, of which Enmore Green forms part,
for the permission to use the water of that
hamlet. No charter or deed exists among
the archives of the town as to the com-
mencement of the custom, neither are there
any records of interest connected with its
observances beyond the details of the
expenses incurred from year to year. On
the. morning of Rogation Monday, the mayor
and aldermen, accompanied by a lord and
lady appointed for the occasion, and by
their mace bearers carrying the Bezant,
went in procession to Enmore Green.
The lord and lady performed at intervals
as they passed plong a traditional kind of
dance to the sound of violins ; the steward
of the manor meeting them at the green,
the mayor offered for his acceptance, as the
representative of his lord, the Bezant,
a calf's head uncooked, a gallon of ale,
and two penny loaves, with a -pair of gloves
edged with gold lace, and gave permission
to use the wells for another year. The
steward, having accepted the gifts, retaining
all for his own use except the Bezant,
which he graciously gave back, accorded the
privilege, and the ceremony ended in a
dinner given by the Corporation to their
friends.
The Bezant itself said by Hutchins to
be worth as much as 1,500Z. consisted of a
decorated trophy, round which were hung
ribbons, flowers, &c., fastened to a frame
about 4 ft. high, ornamented with jewels,
coins, c., lent by persons interested.
By the town and the manor passing into
the same hands in 1830 the practice ceased.
The ancient borough, through the liberality
of the Marquis of Westminster, is now sup-
plied with water taken from an artesian
well sunk for the purpose. (See ' The Book
of Days,' vol. i. p. 585 ; Hutchins, ' History
of Dorset,' 1803, vol. ii. p. 425 ; ' Brit.
Popular Customs, Past and Present,' T. F.
Tbiselton Dyer, 1876 Bonn's Lib.)
As to the origin of the word 'Bezant there
seems much doubt. It is thought that
possibly an ancient gold coin of that name
may originally have been tendered to the
lord of the manor. Could it have any con-
nexion with the offering by the kings of
England at the Sacrament, or at festivals
so called? See * Oxford Eng. Diet.,' under
" Bezant." Bezaunce is an obsolete form of
beisance or obeisance.
An alternative account can be found in
Brand's ' Popular Antiquities' (Bolin, 1853),
quoting 'Travels of Tom Thumb,' p. 16,
in which the garland is described as a
" prize besom," and the manor to which
the acknowledgment is made is referred
to as " Gillingham." Perhaps the original
form of the word was besom, in which case
its derivation would need no explanation.
F. W. BAXTEB.
The * E.D.D.' describes this as follows :
" The name of a ' trophy,' and of a festival
held in the town of Shaftesbury, or Shaston,
on Monday in Rogation week. The Bezant was
an acknowledgment on the part of the Borough
to the Lord of the Manor of Mitcombe for the
permission to bring up water for use from the
hamlet of Enmore Green. The festival sadly
degenerated, and in the year 1830 ceased al-
together. The ' Bezant ' which gave its name
to the festival consisted of a sort of trophy
constructed of ribbons, flowers and peacock's
feathers, fastened to a frame, about four feet high,
round which were hung jewels, coins, medals,
&c., lent for the purpose."
It refers to the 'Book of Days,' i. 585. It
also adds :
" This use of ' bezant ' for an offering may be
compared with its use for the name of a certain
offering made by the Kings of England at the
Sacrament or at festivals, and by French Kings at
their Coronation."
The ' N.E.D.' derives it from Byzantium,
where it was first struck as a gold coin
" seemingly identical with the Roman
solidus, or aureus" It was current in
Europe from the ninth century, but was
n s. in. MAR. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
171
superseded in England by the noble, a coin
of Edward III. It was used by Wyclif to
translate both the Latin words talentum
and drachma. A quotation from E. Cham-
berlayne (1667) is : " The gold offered by the
King at the Altar, when he receives the
Sacrament, is still called the Byzant."
ERNEST B. SAVAGE, F.S.A.
St. Thomas', Douglas.
[Replies also from W. B. H., J. H. M., L. S., C. C.,
H. J. B. C., W. C. B., E. A. F., and M. C. L.j
WALTER HADDON (11 S. iii. 128). Walter
Haddon (1516-1572) was a fairly well-
known personage in the reigns of Ed-
ward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. By the last-
named he was appointed Master of Requests,
an Ecclesiastical Commissioner, and Judge
of the Prerogative Court. In his earlier
days he had been Regius Professor of Civil
Law at Cambridge, and had held in succession
the Mastership of Trinity Hall and the
Presidency of Magdalen College, Oxford.
His life by the late Mr. Thompson Cooper
fills nearly six columns in the ' D.N.B.,'
and there is a long list of his works and of the
authorities for his life in ' Athenae Cantabri-
gienses,' where will be found the inscription
on his monument in Christchurch, Newgate
Street, as it existed before the great fire.
His * Lucubrationes ' and * Poemata ' were
collected and edited by Thomas Hatcher
in 1567. On p. 46 of the present volume
of ' N. & Q.,' I identified a Latin line written
in a Cambridge MS. as being taken from a
poem of Haddon's. EDWARD BENSLY.
" Gualterus Haddonus " is, of course, " Dr.
Walter Haddon, one of the finest Learning,
and of the most Ciceronian stile in England,"
as Strype says in his * Life of Sir Thomas
Smith,' p. 200 in the edition published in 1698.
Haddon was the friend of Sir John Cheke,
Sir Thomas Smith, Roger Ascham, and other
famous men of Tudor times. To Ascham' s
' Toxophilus,' printed in 1545, ' Gualterus
Haddonus Cantabrigiensis ' contributes a
Latin poem of ten lines in which he praises
the author and his book. A list of his works,
mostly written in the then " universal lan-
guage," is given in Lowndes's * Biblio-
grapher's Manual of English Literature '
(Pickering's ed., 1834).
JOHN T. CURRY.
For a full account of the above see
* Dictionary of National Biography '
(original edition), vol. xxiii. p. 429.
A. R. BAYLEY.
ADDERS' FAT AS A CURE FOR DEAFXESS
(US. iii. 69, 117). Whether this specific
for deafness has the support of antiquity
or not, there is no doubt that the belief,
mentioned at the last reference, in prepara-
tions from the viper as remedies for snake-
bite is a very old one. See Pliny's ' Natural
History,' Bk. xxix., ch. 4, 69, foil., where
he mentions a method of boiling down vipers'
fat in oil. Jeremy Taylor reminds us of the
change of " theriacum " into a homely
English word when, in his sermon on ' The
Christian's Conquest over the Body of Sin,'
he writes : " Non solum viperam terirmLS, sed
ex ea antidotum conficimus ; we kill the
viper, and make treacle of him ; that is, not
only escape from, but get advantages by
temptations." Readers of ' Lavengro ' will
remember the old viper-hunter in chapter iv.
who tells Borrow : "I hunt them mostly for
the fat which they contain, out of which
I make unguents which are good for various
sore troubles, especially for the rheumatism."
EDWARD BENSLY.
At the first reference the man killing
adders is spoken of in the present tense as
still carrying on operations on the line from
Tunbridge Wells to Brighton. In the second
reference a correspondent relates how a man
was similarly employed near the same locality
about sixty years ago. Jesse's ' Gleanings
in Natural History,' first published about
1835, corroborates the second statement.
The author says : " When I was lately at
Brighton, I met with a man who employed
himself in summer in catching adders, the
fat of which he preserved and sold as a
sovereign remedy for hurts and swellings."
Is there anything hereditary in this employ-
ment ? SCRUTATOR'S adder-killer cannot
possibly be the same person that Jesse speaks
of. O.
EAR- PIERCING (11 S. iii. 149). As to
ear-piercing in boys for initiatory rites I
know nothing, but from long experience
in hospital work I can state that many
cases have come before me in which the ears
have been pierced for the cure of chronic eye
disorders especially phlyctenular ophthal-
mia and blepharitis. The procedure may
not be wholly superstitious, because the
slow healing of the wounded ears, likely to
occur in such patients, might conceivably
benefit the eyes or eyelids by acting as
does a seton or blister. More scientific
remedies have quite discredited setons, but
fifty or sixty years ago these \\ere commonly
used. A well-known ophthalmic surgeon
172
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. m. MAR. 4, 1911.
was in the habit of putting a silk seton
behind the ears in the cases above men-
tioned, and with the watching and attention
required made large fees by this treatment
so much so that he said " his life was hang-
ing on a thread " ! GEORGE WHERRY.
Cambridge.
I believe it is still a custom among men
and women in the South of Europe (Italy
and Spain) to wear ear-rings and to have the
ears pierced for the purpose. In Hungary,
I remember it was the jeweller who performed
the operation on baby girls when supplying
the first earrings. L. L. K.
MURDERERS REPRIEVED FOR MARRIAGE
(11 S. iii. 129). I have never heard of any
particular town where murderers were
reprieved for marriage, but when a boy I
remember hearing these lines :
A murderer mounted in a cart
Was going to be hanged ;
Reprieve to him was granted
And the crowd and cart did stand.
He was asked if he would marry a wife,
Or otherwise choose to die.
" O why should I torment my life ? "
The culprit did reply ;
" The bargain's bad in every part,
But a wife's the worst, drive on the cart ! "
JOHN BAVINGTON JONES.
Was this supposed custom confined to any
particular town, and was it not essential
that the woman should be a virgin ?
MichaeU. Susan, being a maide
May begge me from the gallows of the shriefe.
Alice* Trust not to that, Michaell.
MichaelL You cannot tell me, I have seen it.
' Arden of Faversham,' I. i. 167-70.
Here the custom was evidently known at
Faversham in Kent. And in Marston's
' Insatiate Countess,' iii. 3 (scene Italy) :
Abigail. Well, we will bring them to the gallows,
and then, like kind virgins, beg their lives.
Bullen has a note at p. 190 of the third
volume of his edition of Marston in which
he refers to Plutarch's life of ' Numa.'
I am not aware that English law was ever
cognizant of such customs.
P. A. McELWAINE.
AMERICAN WORDS AND PHRASES (11 S. iii.
48). The unterrified. Though I am unable
to answer MR. THORNTON'S question as to
who first applied this term to the demo-
cratic party, I can at least show that it
was in use in 1840. In The Atlas, a Boston
paper, of 4 Sept., 1840, a paragraph about
the election in Vermont is headed " The
Unterrified Green Mountain Boys' Respond-
ing " (p. 2/2). And in the same paper of
12 Nov., 1840, p. 2/3, a letter ends as follows :
** And if any of the ' unterrified democrats *
can answer this question it would confer
a particular favor on a Real Hard Ciderite."
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
"GEORGE INN" AT WOBURN (11 S. iii.
147). Woburn, Bedfordshire, was my home.
It consists of four streets, which meet at
the Market Place. At the angle of Park
Street and George Street, there stands a
large inn, which was famous in posting days,
and was called immemorially " The George.'*
The name was changed to " The Bedford
Arms " before 1853, when I was born ;
but I remember that, when I was a child,
the old inhabitants still called it "The
George." G. W. E. R.
"HAD I WIST" (11 S. iii. 129). This
phrase cannot possibly have been the name
of an Anglo-Saxon bogy, since fchere is
nothing Anglo-Saxon about any of its three
component parts. It is true that the O.E.
adjective gewiss survived in M.E. as iwis
sometimes erroneously spelt / wiss, as if it
were the pronoun I with a verb wiss, but
wist or iwist as a past participle does not
occur before the M.E. period, the O.E.
past participle being witen. The use of this
phrase, which means "if I had known,"
as a noun not as a proper name seems
to have been introduced by Gower in his
* Confessio Amantis ' for it is from this poem
(i. 105) that the ' N.E.D.' quotes the earliest
instance.
I do not remember and cannot very well
ascertain whether the phrase occurs as a
proper name in ' Piers the Plowman,' a most
likely place for such an expressive name ;
if it does, Gower may have been indebted
for it to Langland or whoever else may
have been the author of the poem popular
in Gower's days. The fact that the ' N.E.D.'
does not mention ' Piers ' as the source,
makes it very unlikely, though.
To the ' N.E.D.' quotations, which show
some variety of spelling had I wist, hadde-y-
wyste, had I wyst, hadiwist, may be added
the title of a poem in the ' Paradise of Dainty
Devices,' Beware of Had-I-Wyst and the
following line from the well-known passage
describing a " suters state " in Spenser's
'Mother Hubberd's Tale,' "to sue for
had ywist, that few have found, and manie
one hath mist ! " J- F. BENSE.
n s. m. MAR. 4, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
173
CANONS, MIDDLESEX : " ESSEX " AS
CHRISTIAN NAME (US. ii. 328, 374, 394,
437, 534 ; iii. 92). In the ' London Marriage
Licenses ' (Foster's edition) are at least four
instances of " Essex " used as a female
Christian name: Col. 130, "Richard Bynns
and Ef.sex Ingram (Spinster), 1687." Col.
420, " James Drax and Essex Lake (Spinster),
1662/3." Col. 948, " Sir Roger Mostyn and
Lady Essex Finch (Spinster), 1703," Col.
1085, " Hon. John Poulett and Essex Pop-
ham (Spinster), 1663." DIEGO.
Lodge's ' Peerage ' gives, under the title of
Baron Mostyn, " Hon. Essex, born 22 Oct.,
1833." E. L. H. TEW.
Upham Rectory.
ALEXANDER HOLMES, 1848 (US. iii. 70).
A copy of The Times for 1848 can be seen,
I believe, at the Advocate's Library, Edin-
burgh. The Catalogue of the Library would
lead one to infer as much. Another copy
may be seen at Glasgow in the " Stirling's
and Glasgow Public Library." Files of the
journal are no doubt preserved at the British
Museum, but in a building, I understand,
apart from the Library. SCOTTJS.
" LOVE ME, LOVE MY DOG " (11 S. ii. 522 ;
iii. 51, 113). The St. Bernard about whom
MR. MACMICHAEL asks is St. Bernard of
Clairvaux. The words immediately follow-
ing those quoted are
<l Nos vero, o beati Angeli, catelli sumus Domini
illius, quern tanto affectu diligitis ; catelli, inquam,
sapientes saturari de micis, quae cadunt de mensa
dominorum nostrorum, qui esbis vos."
This proverb is traced back at least as
early as the first half of the eleventh century.
In enlarged editions of the ' Adagia ' (e.g.,
1629, p. 776) the proverb " Qui amat me,
amat et canem meum " is, with others, such
as " Qui nimium festinat, caldum edit," dis-
tinguished from those that have come down
from antiquity. EDWARD BENSLY.
"No GREAT SHAKES" (11 S. iii. 129).
At 5 S. viii. 184 the following appeared in a
note on this subject:
"In California a shake is a large-sized shingle for
roofing buildings, and, taking it in that sense, the
slang expression becomes perfectly clear, and indi-
cates that a poor bargain, or a person or thing of
little account or value, is in the same relation to a
good one that a shingle is to a shake. The distinc-
tion between a shake and a shingle probably still
exists in the shingle -using counties of England,
and was doubtless formerly exported thence to
America."
Admiral Smythe's explanation seems less
probable. He says it is a term expressing
little value, and derived from the taking
to pieces of a cask and packing up the parts,
which are then termed " shakes " (' Sailor's-
Word-Book ' ). J. HOLD EN MACMICHAEL.
ORDINARIES or NEWGATE (11 S iii. 86).
After the attempt to secure the appoint-
ment of Silas Told in Oct., 1773, 1 have come
across no reference to the successor of the
Rev. John Wood as Ordinary of Newgate
until 8 February, 1774, when, according to-
The London Magazine, p. 97, of that year,
the Rev. John Villette was elected to the
post by the Court of Aldermen.
HORACE BLEACKLEY
COL. OAKES AND QUEEN CAROLINE'S
FUNERAL (11 S. iii. 69). The Monthly
Magazine for 1821, pt. ii. p. 138, states that,
upon the people commencing to barricade
Edgware Road, a party of Horse Guards
charged, and were received by volleys of
stones, upon which a boy officer fired his
pistol and shot an inoffensive man, when the
troops began a general firing, by which
another innocent man was killed and many
wounded.
This could hardly refer to Oakes, who
was then Brevet-Major. He was promoted
to the rank of Major 6 Sept., 1822, and to
that of Lieut. -Colonel 25 Jan , 1823, and
appears to have been placed on the half -pay
list on 12 June, 1823. However, in January,
1832, he again appears on the active list as
Major and Lieut. -Colonel of the 2nd Life
Guards, but he resigned the same year.
He married 1 March, 1828, at St George's,
Hanover Square, Sophia Charlotte, dau. of
Edward Fletcher, of Park Street, by whom he
had issue. F. M. R. HOLWORTHY.
UNDERGROUND SOHO (11 S. iii. 127).
This subterranean passage evidently only
crosses the north-east corner of the square.
If its direction was west to east it might have
been a means of communication between the
first and second Carlisle House situated
respectively in King's Square Court (now
Carlisle Street) and on the site of St. Patrick's
Chapel. Or was it used for some sinister
purpose by Mrs. - Comely 's guests ? Sir
Walter Besant, who worked up the local colour
of his novels by actual observation, knew
nothing of it. When Jenny's house is
besieged by "the company of Vengance "
(' The Orange Girl,' chap, xiii.), she escapes
by stepping out of the garden gate into
Sutton Street. Of the wine cellars in
William and Mary Passage probably nothing
more can be said than that they are cellars
174
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. MAR. 4, 1911.
originally belonging to some of the larger
houses common to this neighbourhood.
There could be no occasion for William III.
to stable his horses here underground when
the King's Mews at Charing Cross were more
convenient for Whitehall or St. James's
Palace, and infinitely more suitable.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
PYRRHUS'S TOE (11 S. iii. 89, 131).
This query has already been fully and
satisfactorily answered by PROF. BENSLEY
and other correspondents, but I wish to raise
& side-issue with regard to textual readings.
In the first edition of ' Hydriotaphia,'
published in 1658, Sir Thomas Browne says :
*' How they made distinct separation of
bones and ashes from fiery admixture, hath
found no historical solution. Though they
seemed to make a distinct collection, and
overlooked not Pyrrhus his toe." In the
" Came lot Classics " edition of Browne's
* Hydriotaphia,' edited by Mr. J. A. Symonds,
London, 1886, the concluding words ot
Browne's sentence are expanded into
'*. . . .overlooked not Pyrrhus his toe which
could not be burnt."
Where did Mr. Symonds obtain his reading?
Or are the words, " which could not be
burnt," meant to be an interpolation inserted
in the text for the purpose of explaining the
allusion to Pyrrhus's toe ? Surely Mr.
Symonds would never have done that.
S. W. S.
THE STAIR DIVORCE, 1820 (US. ii. 489;
iii. 74). The new ' Scots Peerage,' iii. 414,
states, under " Dysart " (Laura, youngest
daughter of Louisa, Countess of Dysart,
and John Manners), that the marriage
'referred to "was annulled in June, 1820,
by the Lords of Session in Edinburgh." Has
MR. J. M. BULLOCH, in making his research,
kept in mind the facts that in June, 1820, the
sixth Earl of Stair was alive, and that his
successor bore no courtesy title, but was
simply John William Henry Dalrymple ?
B. B.
Manila.
' DEATH OF CAPT. COOK '(US. iii. 87, 132).
John Darley, born at Birmingham in 1765,
his parents' only child, emigrated with his
father to America about 1790, and first
appeared on the stage there in 1794. He
subsequently joined the United States Navy,
and rose to be lieutenant of Marines. In
1800 he retired from the Navy, married
Eleonora Westry, an actress, and returned
to the stage, appearing at the Park Theatre,
New York, on 20 July, 1801. He was a
good singer, and played Frenchmen and
walking gentlemen well. He died at Phila-
delphia, U.S.A., in 1853. His youngest son,
Felix Octavius Carr Darley, born 1822,
died 1888, was an eminent artist and
engraver ; the emblematic figures for Ameri-
can bank notes were designed by him, and
his illustrations of numerous American
authors were much admired.
The Gentleman's Magazine contains the
following records :
1794, November 1, the marriage of Mr-
Darley to Miss Sadler, both of the Lincoln coin"
paiiy of comedians.
1809, June IB, the death at age of 58 of Mr.
Darley, formerly well known as a vocal per-
former at Vauxhall and Covent Garden theatre.
Doubtless this was the Darley who
appeared at Covent Garden in the ' Death of
Capt. Cook ' in March, 1789. MB. WM.
DOUGLAS in his reply (11 S. iii. 132) states he
was a native of Birmingham, and went to
America in 1799. Is there not some con-
fusion between this individual and John
Darley the actor who died at Philadelphia
in 1853 ?
Was there any connexion between Darley
the actor of Covent Garden and Vauxhall
and James and Mathew Darly of 39,
Strand, the well-known publishers of carica-
tures between 1766 and 1773 ?
H. S. GUINNESS.
Stillorgan, co. Dublin.
SPIDER'S WEB AND FEVER (US. ii. 109,
194 ; iii. 96). Of the spider Paracelsus
says (I quote from a " faithfully Englished "
version of his ' Dispensatory,' by W. D.,
published 1656) :
" The Spider is a hateful creature, yet it is of
great vertue against Quotidian feavers : put the
spider in a nut-shell, and shut it up close in it,
and let the diseased person carry it about him,
but he must not know what it is ; let him carry
it four dayes, and he shall be well."
The spider never had a place in our
official materia medica, but it seems to have
been more esteemed in France. Lemery,
in his ' Traite Universal des Drogues
Simples,' says it is esteemed
" pour les fievres interminantes & particuliere-
ment pour la fievre quarte, tant ecrasee &
appliquee au poignet, ou etant enfermee vivante
dans une coquille de noix & attached au cou &
1' entree de 1'acces."
The web he describes as " vulneraire,
astringente, consolidante," and recommends
it for stopping blood and other purposes.
I quote from the edition of 1723.
C. C. B.
n s. in. MAR. 4, ML] NOTES AND QUERIES.
175
SIR WALTER RALEIGH AND TOBACCO
(US. ii. 489 ; iii. 34). It was old ale and
nutmeg not small beer that traditionally
extinguished Raleigh's quiet smoke. The
story as related in ' The British Apollo ' is
quite clear on this point :
" and generall indulg'd himself in Smoaking
secretly, two pipes a Day ; at which time he
order'd a Simple Fellow, who waited, to bring
him up a Tankard of old Ale and Nutmeg, alway
laying aside the Pipe, when he heard his servant
coming."
The story is correctly epitomized in the
late Mr. W. Niven's ' Selections from
" The British Apollo," ' 1903, p. 92.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
The incident is given in the Rev. I. Taylor's
* Scenes of British Wealth in Produce,
Manufactures, and Commerce, 1825,' pp.
69-70 :
"It was from the North American Indians we
took the fashion of tobacco smoking. Sir Walter
Raleigh when Virginia was first discovered, brought
some over. The first time he smoked it M'as in
private. He had called his servant for a jug of
water ; when the man brought it in, he saw smoke
coming from his master's mouth, and naturally
supposing he was on fire, he as naturally threw the
jug of water over him, to put it out."
The illustration attached depicts the servant
in the act. WM. JAGGARD.
" VAIL " : ITS USE BY SCOTT (US. iii. 86,
131). Messrs. A. & C. Black may probably
care to know that the copy of the ' Talis-
man ' to which I referred is dated 1879
and bears their own imprimatur. It has
" veiled not their bonnets" in chap, xxiv.,
and " I will not veil my crest " in the ballad
of ' The Bloody Vest,' chap. xxvi. Surely
the publishers do not mean to imply that the
reading in the latter case is that which the
author intended. THOMAS BAYNE.
INSCRIPTIONS IN CHURCHES, &c. (11 S.
ii. 389, 453, 492, 537 ; iii. 57, 97). I am
glad to learn where the jocular comment
on the tombstone inscription beginning "As
I am now," &c., is to be found, for I have
known it many years, only my version
ran :
To this by no means I consent
Unless I know which way you went.
H. A. ST. J. M.
PARISH FORMATION (US. iii. 88). Some-
thing about the origin of parishes will be
found in Fosbroke's ' Encyclopaedia of
Antiquities,' 1843, s.v. ' Obsolete Ecclesiasti-
cal Matters,' vol. ii. p. 799 ; in Cowel's
' Interpreter ' ; and in Walcott's ' Sacred
Archaeology. ' No doubt also Smith and
Cheetham's 'Diet. Christ. Antiq.' would
afford further information, and Blackstone's
' Commentaries,' but my copy has gone
wrong in pagination.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
"STICK-IN-THE-MUD" (11 S. iii. 106).
This expression is commonly in use at the
present day in Somerset and other parts of
the West of England, and is generally
applied to a man who is slow in movement or
in business. Its equivalent is " slow-coach,"
which is also frequently used. C. T.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FOLK-LORE (11 S. iii.
7). With regard to the promised " Biblio-
graphy of Folk-Lore by Thomas Satchell "
to be issued by the Folk-Lore Society,
one can but echo the query of MR. GERISH,
" When will the project be realized ? "
Something has evidently prevented the
fulfilment of the thirty-years-old promise.
Towards the end of last century, a series of
papers on the 'Bibliography of Folk-Lore,'
written by Sir G. L. Gomme, appeared
in The Folk-lore Record. This looks as if
the projected work, announced in 1879, had
been abandoned by the publishers, Mr.
Gomme's bibliography has never, I believe,
been issued in book form. W. S. S.
GRATIOTJS OR GRACINES STREET = GRACE-
CHURCH STREET (11 S. iii. 149). Accord-
ing to Hobben's ' London Street Names '
the present name dates from the rebuilding of
the church after the Great Fire. Stow says
it was named Grass Church originally from
the parish church of St. Benet from the herb
market there kept. Since that time it has
been called Grasse Street, Grastreet, and
Gracious Street.
WlLLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.
It is quite likely that Grace church Street
was called Gracious Street long before
The Nine Worthies of London,' 1592. Its
earliest known spelling will, no doubt,
account for "Gracious." This was " Gras
church " or " Graschurche." Richard le
Coidewanere of Grascherche was, in the
thirteenth year of Edward II., 1320, hauled
over the coals for making shoes of unlawful
material ('Cal. Letter - Book E' of the
City of London). Again, in Letter -Book
F, Ed. III., 1347, John de Burstalle is
accused cf fraudulently enhancing the price
of wheat in the corn-market at " Gras-
chirche." Then again (Letter Book G,
46 Ed. III., 1372), blacksmiths are ordered
to send their work into the open market of
176
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. HI. MAR. 4, ion.
" Graschirche." This was to prevent their
selling " false work " in a hole-aiid-cornei
way by wandering about the city or suburb.
It is well known that Grass-Church Street
was the original form because of the herb-
market kept there (Stow) ; but there was, at
the beginning of the eighteenth century, a
Gracious Alley in Wellclose Square (W.
Stow's ' Stranger's Guide '), known pre-
viously (Dodsley's 'Environs') as Grace
Street. Also, later, in Lockie and Elmes.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEI..
FAIRFAX: SAYBE : MAUNSELL (11 S.
iii. 88). Perhaps the information desired
is to be found in ' Original Memoirs of Sir
Thomas Fairfax,' written by himself daring
the Great Civil War, printed by Hargrove
& Sons, and S3ld by them at Knaresborough
and Harrogate, also by Longman, Hurst &
Co., London, Wilson & Son, York, and other
booksellers, 1810, duodecimo ; ' The
Families of Ga soigne and Fairfax,' by Wm.
Brailsford, in The Antiquary, May, 1884 ;
' A Collection of Autograph Letters, written
by various eminent persons of the ancient
and noble family of Fairfax ' (fifty-two
of these are de3cribed in Thomas Thorpe's
' Sale Catalogue of Manuscripts,' 1831,
pp. 136-9) ; Whitaker's * Leeds ' (Fairfax of
Walton) ; ' Fairfax Wills of Norfolk and
Suffolk ' (Northern Genealogist, 1895, vol. i.
p. 49) ; ' Fairfax Wills at Carlisle,' p. 92,
ibid. ; and at Worcester, ib., p. 946. See also
' Analecta Faiifaxiana,' a manuscript on
vellum, consisting of historical, genealogical,
and other collections and records relating to
the various branches of the family of Fairfax
preserved in the family down to the present
time, illustrated by drawings of arms, &c.
J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
KEATS, HAMPSTEAD, AND SIB C. W.
DILKE (11 S. iii. 145). Excellent as this
impending endowment of the Hampstead
Public Library with Keats relics appears, it
has many serious disadvantages, and for
lovers of the poet generally it would be
preferable to see the gift diverted to the
British^ Museum. The Branch Library
near Keats Grove may be appropriate by
sentiment for such memorials, but it is
unfitted in every other sense and circum-
stance. MB. CECIL CLABKE will, I am sure,
realize that local library committees are,
as at present constituted, not suitable
custodians of relics of national interest, and
the administration generally at Hampstead
has not given evidence of exceptional
fitness. So in the event of the bequest
being diverted to the British Museum, there-
will result a loss to the few at Hampstead
and a gain to the world generally.
ALECK ABBAHAMS.
LEADEB OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS
(11 S. iii. 108). The title "leader of the
House of Commons " cannot well go further
back than 1680 or thereabouts, when
members of Parliament became separated
into two distinct divisions. The two divi-
sions were at first termed Addressers (or
Petitioners) and Abhorrers, but these name&
were soon merged into the better-known
titles of Whigs and Tories. Curiously
enough, the Whigs are said to have been
originally far better organized and dis-
ciplined and more obedient to their leaders
than were the Tories. As a party cannot
well exist and prosper without a leader, it
is probable that the recognized head of the
Whigs or Tories, in power at the moment,
became known for the time being as the
" leader of the House of Commons." Pos-
sibly the title originated in the time of
Queen Anne. Sir Robert Walpole seems a
likely enough person to have been so dis-
tinguished. S. S.
ABSINTHE-DBINKING : ITS OBIGIN (11 S.
iii. 149). : I remember being told in Paris,
some time in the seventies, that absinthe
was then used by the French troops in
Algeria as a febrifuge; also, that they could
not drink the water of the country with
safety unless they added the bitter draught
to it. These troops were further credited
with introducing the "mazagran" (or large
glass-full of light coffee without milk) into
France. This drink was held to be a pro-
tection from malaria. DUBLINEB.
AMPHISBJENIC BOOK (11 S. iii. 89). An
instance of an amphisbaenic book is a pam-
phlet or book entitled " The Great Question :
Tariff Reform or Free Trade ? By L. M. S.
Amery." Turn the book upside down, and
begin at the other end, and you find a
different cover, a title-page bearing the
title " The Great Question : Free Trade or
Tariff Reform ? By J. M. Robertson,
M.P.," and a fresh book. This work was
published in London, 1909. LANGABUS.
Out of many thousands of volumes that
I have handled at different times I can only
recall two specimens of the kind of publica-
tion referred to by Q. V. One of these was
a " Staff Kalendar " with " Supplement,"
somewhat similar to that described in the
query. The other was a devotional text-
ii s. HI. MAE. 4, i9Li.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
177
book, issued by Marcus Ward & Co., London,
entitled ' The Anchor : The Haven,' by the
author of 'Morning and Night Watches.'
Scripture texts with appropriate pieces of
poetry were given for every morning for
a, month. In the inverted order the evening
was similarly provided for. Each of the
portions (morning and evening) of the
booklet numbered 75 pp. respectively. U.
WATER SHOES FOB WALKING ON THE
WATER : GEORGE F. PARRATT (11 S. ii. 485 ;
iii. 77). The initial letter F. should be
inserted before Parratt. The exhibition of
*' life-saving " inventions of which I wrote
(ante, p. 77) took place, I think, at least
25 years ago.
I think that the s.s. Castalia, in her early
days running between England and France,
ceased to be a small pox hospital several
years ago. In my note I ought to have
made it plain that Parratt was not the in-
ventor of the indiarubber boat with the
stocking legs. His only invention, exhibited
on the occasion referred to, was the pontoon
life-boat, which drifted helplessly away and
was towed back by an ordinary life-boat,
which was in attendance.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
PHIPPS OR PHIP FAMILY (11 S. iii. 49).
According to Coates, in his ' History of
Reading,' a token was issued by Thomas
Phipps (see p 460), " A man dipping candles,
Thomas Phipps of Redding 1652 T. P -E." ;
and at p. 445 there is an account of Sir
Constantine Phipps, stating " there is a
tradition that he was born at Reading."
R. J. FYNMORE.
LEA WILSON'S COLLECTION or BIBLES
{11 S. iii. 88). Mr. Lea Wilson printed a
limited number of copies of his " Collection
of Bibles " for presentation to his friends.
If I remember aright, 150 copies in all were
printed, some of which were offered for sale.
I have no note of his collection having ever
been dispersed, and cannot tell what has
become of it. Of the three editions of the
Psalms mentioned in the query, that printed
At Middelburg in 1599 finds a place in
Cotton's " Editions of the Bible," but is there
only named as being in the Lea Wilson col-
lection. The two Scottish editions, by
Rabon of Aberdeen and Hart of Edinburgh,
appear among " Books printed in Scotland
before 1700," but the author, Mr. Aldis,
Apparently derives his information from
the Lea Wilson catalogue, and does not
state where copies of them may now be found.
S. S. W.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S.
iii. 147). The " Scot " of MR. W. E. WILSON'S
first quotation must, I think, be George
Buchanan, the work referred to being his
' De Jure Regni apud Scotos ' (1579). With
regard to the " Jesuit " here meant, Juan
Mariana's ' De Rege et Regis Institutione '
(1599) seems to have gained great notoriety
(Hallam, ' Literature of Europe,' Part II.
chap. iv. section ii. 37).
EDWARD BENSLY.
The Jesuit was probably Juan Mariana
(1536-1624) and the Scot John Knox (1505-
1572), but I regret I do not know who is
the author of the lines.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
But his little daughter whispered,
As she took his icy hand,
44 Isn't God upon the ocean,
Just the same as on the land ? "
These lines form one of the six stanzas of a
poem called ' The Tempest,' by James
T. Fields. DAVID SALMON.
Swansea.
There are various versions of the lines
quoted by G. C., which are attributed to
Philemon Holland. See ' A Translator
Generall ' in Mr. Charles Whibley's ' Literary
Portraits,' p. 157:
"The translator's son informs the world that
Plutarch's ' Morals ' all fell upon paper from one
quill, while Aubrey prefers to believe that it was the
Livy which was thus honoured. Whichever be the
truth, the story is found in all the books of anec-
dotes, further embellished with a quatrain, more
curious than accomplished. Thus it runs :
4 This booke I wrote with one poore Pen
Made of a grey Goose Quill ;
A Pen I found it us'd before,
A Pen I leave it still.' "
Fuller, * Worthies of England,' ' Warwick-
shire,' writes :
" Many of his books he wrote with one pen,
whereof he himself thus pleasantly versified :
4 With one poor pen I writ this book,
Made of a grey goose quill ;
A pen it was when it I took,
And a pen I leave it still.' "
For conflicting accounts of the after history
of this pen Mr. Whibley's entertaining essay
may be consulted. EDWARD BENSLY.
[MR. W. NORMAN and MR. J. T. PAGE also thanked
for replies.]
"LET US GO HENCE, MY SONGS " (11 S.
iii. 128). This is the opening of ' A Leave-
taking,' by Swinburne, * Poems and Ballads,'
Book I. p. 60 (ed. 1873).
REGINALD HEWITT.
Selkirk.
[S. W. also refers to Swinburne.]
178
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. HI. MAR. 4, 1911.
VOLE'S 'LES ABBIVANTS ' (11 S.,iii.
). Probably chemin de table ouvrage
should be rendered " embroidered table-
centre." One meaning of chemin is a long
and narrow carpet laid on the parquet of a
room, or vestibule, from one door to another.
See ' Dictionnaire de la Langue Franaise
abrege du Dictionnaice de E. Littre, 1886.'
The narrow ornamental cloth laid along the
middle of a dinner table is not unlikely to
bear the same name. M. P.
Sm ROBERT PEEL AND HIS SPEECHES
(11 S. iii. 107). So far as our knowledge of
the public and private life of Sir Robert Peel
goes, there is nothing, in the practice attri-
buted to him, in any way inconsistent with
his known character as a Christian gentleman.
At the same time the story can hardly be
received with entire confidence, inasmuch as
it is claimed on behalf of others. Many years
ago it was my lot on one occasion to be pre-
sent at a small private gathering of Liberals,
when the self-same story with certain modi-
fications was told as characteristic of Lord
Beaconsfield. The relation, it is true,
was not received with unquestioning faith,
but at the same time it seemed to awaken
in those who heard it every symptom of
lively satisfaction. May I be pardoned for
saying that such stories are perhaps not
altogether in good taste as they savour too
much of unwarrantable intrusion into the
sacred relations subsisting between a man
and his 'Maker ? Moreover, they are, I fear,
in many instances pure fabrications, told
for a certain purpose, or at best with but a
slender basis of fact to rest upon. The pride
shown by one political party over the
eminent religious character of its. leader is
apt to stimulate in the opposite side a
spirit of emulation, and a keen desire to
prove (in popular phraseology) " our man
as good as theirs." It all looks a little
childish, and reminds one of the two little
boys in Barrie's ' Sentimental Tommy'
contending for the relative superiority of
London and Thrums. " There ain't no
queens in Thrums, anyhow " an indis-
putable fact, but met with the triumphant
retort " There's the auld licht minister."
TOE REA.
DBYDEN AS A PLACE-NAME (11 S. iii.
68, 137). At the time of writing I have not
access to my original query on the above
subject. I intended, however, to suggest
not that the place-name Dryden was derived
from a family of that name which had come
from England, but thatjfcthe ancestors of
John Dryden, the poet, who were settled in
Cumberland, were of Scottish origin and
derived their surname from a Scottisli place-
name. I know of no early instances of the-
family name of Dryden, nor of any instances
of the place-name Dryden, in England.
John Dryden (great-grandfather of the poet)
who appeared in Northamptonshire in the
first half of the sixteenth century, is stated
to have been a son of Daniel (or David)
Dryden, of Staffe Hill, co. Cumberland, and
grandson of William Dryden of Walton,
in the same county. This John Dryden
was a man of substance, and in his will he
directs that his arms and those of his wife,.
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Cope, should
be engraved on the brass to his memory.
I can offer no suggestion as to the reason of
John Dry den's removal into Northampton-
shire. He seems to have possessed property
there, part of which is described as " parcel
of his inheritance." I am much obliged to
F. H. S. and MB. W. SCOTT for their infor-
mation. P. D. M.
DOM FBANCISCO MANUEL DE MELLO
(11 S. iii. 107). Sir William Temple had
conversed with him, though the date of
their meeting is not given.
" I rememb~er Don Francisco de Melo, a Portugal
Ambassador in England, told me, it was frequent in>
his Country for Men spent with Age or other
Decays, so as they could not hope for above a Year
or two of Life, to ship themselves away in a Brazil
Fleet, and after their Arrival there to go on a great
Length, sometime of twenty or thirty Years, or
more, by the Force of that Vigour they recovered
with that Remove."' Of Health and Long Lite/
in ' Miscellanea,' part iii. vol. i. p. 273 in 1750 edition-
of Temple's Works.
Lamb used this passage in his essay on
c The Genteel Style in Writing.'
EDWABD BENSLY.
"-DE-" : " -TY- "(US. iii. 108). I cannot
answer this query, but I am much interested
in it as it refers to a name which has puzzled
me for some time. There is a pit or pond
on the west side of the Isle of Waliiey,.
Lancashire, which is called the Lamitysike
Pit, and the adjoining fields are known as
Lamity Closes. In the deeds relating to
these the name is variously spelt Lamity,
Lamentea, Lamenty, Lamentia, and Lam-
berty. What is the meaning of this name ?
A sike is a marshy stream, but further I
cannot get.
At the same place (and in others in the
north of England) is a field called Toad Pot,
sometimes written Yoad Pot or T'yoad
Pot. What does that mean ?
iis.ni.M^.4,1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
179
A curious instance of the result of phonetic
spelling arises in the name of a field adjoin-
ing Toad Pot. It is called on the plans
Taper Close and called locally Tappa Cleas.
Being a rectangular enclosure, inquiries led
to its being found to have been originally
Toad Pot Close, i.e., T'yoad Pot Cleas, and
so to T'yd-pt-cleas, and'finally Tappa Cleas,
which the plan drawer got finally to
Taper Close. H. G. P.
"WARE" POTATOES (11 S. iii. 109).
The ' E.D.D.' gives the following definition
under " Ware " :
" (6). Potatoes are usually classed in three sizes,
the largest being called ' ware,' the next ' middlings,'
and the smallest ' chats.' "
This use of the \\ord is recorded from
West Middlesex and Kent.
ERNEST B. SAVAGE, F.S.A.
S. Thomas', Douglas.
Ware potatoes mean the best or large size.
When potatoes are properly graded they are
divided into three sorts ware, middlings,
chats. At times in a fruitful season a few
monstrous ones ere thrown on one side, and
termed bakers. These ere the ones that &ro
baked and sold in the street at night
" all hot." We also hear of ware or large
asparagus ; the small in that case is called
sprue.
An old form of invoice used in 1847
shows the use of the terms.
W. W. GLENNY.
Barking, Essex.
" THE ALMIGHTY DOLLAR "(US. iii. 109).
Washington Irving was not quite original
in the use of this phrase. Farquhar in his
' Recruiting Officer,' acted at the Theatre
Royal, 1705, uses the similar phrase
" Almighty gold " (Act III. sc. ii.).
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
JULIA PASTRANA (11 S. iii. 29, 94).
An interesting account of this person in life,
and after death, is given in Frank Buck-
land's 'Curiosities of Natural History'
Fourth Series, pp. 40 et seq. R. B.
Upton.
JAMES JANEWAY (11 S. iii. 129). The
following may afford a clue, James Jane way
was curate of Great Mongeham, Kent, in
1705, and was succeeded by Edward Lloyd,
1706. (' Arch. Cant.,' vol. xv. p. 358).
James Janeway, A.M., rector of Wootton,
Kent, 4 Feb., 1712, obt. July, 1739. In the
chancel is a memorial to him. He was also
by dispensation rector of Aldington, Kent,
June, 1708-39 (Hasted's 'Hist. Kent,'
vols. viii. and ix.). At 3 S. vi. 41 there is a-
Mr. Jeunaway mentioned in a diary of Sir
John Knatchbull 14 Dec., 1688/9, in con-
nexion with James II. and Faversham.
R. J. FYNMORE.
Sandgate.
0tt
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage-
and Baronetage, <$cc. By Sir Bernard Burke
and Ashworth P. Burke. (Harrison & Son. )
IN his introduction to this year's ' Peerage ' Mr.
Ashworth Burke lays stress on the three principal
features affecting his subject during the past
year : (i.) the demise of the Crown ; (ii.) the
proposed reform of the House of Lords ; (iii.) the
proper safeguarding of the status of the Baronet-
age. He adds a fitting eulogy on the late King,
and a tribute to our reigning Monarch, also a
word of sympathy with our Queen on the death.
of her brother, and an anticipation of the glories
of the coming Coronation. Most of this matter
is, of course, public property, but the recom-
mendations as regards the future of the baronetage
are not generally known, and should be of special
interest to those concerned. The Royal Warrant
for an authorized Roll of the Baronetage is printed
in full on page 2467.
The obituary list of Peers for 1911 numbers
16 titles, and of these two become extinct (viz.,
Avonmore and Borthwick). Of Baronets, 40
have died and 6 titles become extinct.
We pass to a few criticisms of this excellent
book of reference, which we find on the whole the
most ample and accurate of its species.
We think the guide to Relative Precedence
both useless and unintelligible. It must cost
somebody a great deal of time and labour to
prepare it year by year ; after half -an -hour's
study we failed to understand why the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury is 993, Mr. Asquith 995A,
Sir Samuel Walker, Bart., 996, and the Duke of
Norfolk 1,000, while the Duchess of Fife is 3, the
Duchess of Argyll 10, and the Duke of Connaught
has no number to his name at all. Jerbai, the
son of an Indian magnate, has 62,675 affixed to
his name, without taking into consideration
sisters or brothers, uncles or aunts of the same
rank. W T e should like to see this section of the
book replaced by an ordinary Index containing
each name and a page reference. It would be
more useful and less complicated. The services
of the expert concerned with Relative Rank
might, we think, be usefully devoted to the
checking of the coats of arms with their blazons,
as we notice several slips in this respect upon a
casual survey. Mr. Burke does not yet give us
his authority for the creation of the Viscounty of
Suirdale in the Donoughmore family, to which
we called his attention last year. This is, we
presume, due to the principle of accepting what
is regarded by families themselves as trustworthy
a principle, perhaps, inevitable in the circum-
stances.
Here our grumbles must cease, and it only
remains to congratulate Mr. Burke upon the
great labour he must have bestowed on this
valuable book of reference and upon the results
he has achieved.
180
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. MA K . 4, 1911.
Primitive Psycho- Therapy and Quackery., By
Robert M. Lawrence. (Constable & Co.)
T.e monde n'a jamais manque des charlatans,
And the chronicles of charlatanry will always
liave an interest as illustrating a curious phase
of human nature, the willingness to be deceived
(vitlt decipi) which has ever been characteristic
of the populace.
Mr. Lawrence is able to show by abundant
proofs that healing by suggestion has at all times
played an important part in therapeutics, and
has brought together some curious instances of
similar mental epidemics. He points out, too,
the sad truth that it is by no means amongst
the lowest and least cultured classes of the
community that quackery finds its victims.
'There is no place where the quack thrives and
battens more vigorously than in New York.
Mr. Lawrence makes no pretensions to original
research, but has been industrious in consulting
cyclopaedias and special treatises from which he
has compiled many curious facts. As to the origiu
of the name quack-salver, the full form of the
word, he gives some improbable conjectures. By
:all analogy this ought to mean one who salves
-(or cures) a quack, which is an old synonym for
.a catarrh or a cold ; but it is commonly inter-
preted to mean, in defiance of its formation, one
-who quacks (as if puffs) his salves. We cannot
endorse all the author's view on the derivations
of words. If laudanum is "a contraction of
laudandum, something to be praised " (p. 218),
-what becomes of the Greek ledanon 1 It is
tempting, of course, to understand " carmina-
tive," from carminare, as meaning to cure by
charms (carmina) or incantations (p. 122). But
those who know say that carminare here is from
carmen, a wool- carder, with the idea, of smoothing
out or extenuating gross humours. On the
whole, it is a sincere book and good for the
times.
THE CLARENDON PRESS has puoiisned A Good
Fight : the Original Version of ' The Cloister and
the Hearth,' with a witty introduction by Mr.
Lang. It is an interesting member of a specially
interesting " Library of Prose and Poetry " half
forgotten in many cases, but in no case deserving
oblivion. The modern, and, we fear, hurried
reader has been known to turn up his nose at
this book, but we have no sympathy with him if
he fails to see the great and moving qualities of
Reade's work. Whether it is good scholarship or
not is another point, on which Mr. Lang dwells,
perhaps, somewhat too lightly. But, after all, one
does not need to be an authority on Erasmus,
or even to have read his ' Colloquia,' to enjoy
' A Good Fight.' The book is immortal, and does
not belong to the special library -of learning.
The Newspaper Press Directory (C. Mitchell
& Co.) is as usual full of the latest information
relating to the Press. Apart from the complete
and accurate list of papers and publications
issued throughout the world, there are statistics
of the trade of our various Colonies and Depen-
dencies, most of these showing considerable
increase of trade with the United Kingdom.
Accounts of British productions in India are not so
favourable. Printed books in 1908 amounted to
226,1 1QL, but in 1909 amounted to only 214,965*.,
while many other articles showed a far more
serious diminution, notably woollens and worsteds,
which in 1908 amounted to 1,009, 1121. t and in
1909 fell to 760,9402. It is remarkable how level
beer and ale remained ; in 1908 the amount was
279,459*., in 1909 279,698*. The classified list
of publications is interesting as indicating the
tastes of the people. Anti-tobacco only supports
one organ, but it is a ' Beacon Light,' 'while that
" naughty foreign weed " supports six journals.
The love for the comic does not diminish, for the
list shows an increase of one ; our Colonial
interests have also one more organ ; motoring
requires one more paper, and needlework has one
less. The growing interest in philately is shown
by an increase of three journals ; theosophy shows
an increase of one ; brass band journals have
increased by two, and literature is represented
by three less than in 1910.
There are articles by Mr. Alfred F. Robbinson
' Newspaper Ideals and Individualities : a Retro-
spective Review ' ; J. R. Charter writes on ' The
Advertising Field To-day,' and Dr. Hugh Fraser
on ' The Legal Year in its Relation to the Press.'
The obituary record includes Mr. Arthur Fraser
W'alter of The Times, Sir William Agnew of
Punch, and Frederick Greenwood, founder of
The Pall Mall Gazette, and others, of whom
excellent portraits are given.
The Writers' and Artists' Year-Book, 1911
(Black), explains clearly and briefly what editors
want. We wish it the widest circulation, and
cannot conceive why freelances on the press con-
tinue to worry papers with unsuitable articles
when this little book, which costs ouly a shilling,
would save them their futile effort in the sending
of unsuitable matter. Stupidity of this sort is still
common^and editors have so much of their time
wasted that they all owe a word of thanks to-
Messrs. Black for this publication.
tn <K0msp0ntonts.
ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
EDITORIAL communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub-
lishers "at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.C.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
CORRIGENDUM. P. 154, col. 1, 1. 4, for "MAC-
MICHAEL'S" read "MACMICHAEL."
n is. HI. MAK. 11, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
181
LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1911.
CONTENTS.-No. 63.
NOTES : William Chalmers of Fintray and Fastemburg,
181 First Perforated Postage Stamps ' Lucrece ' and
'The Passionate Pilgrim,' 183 Jordan not a Type of
Baptism, 184 Winchester Measures and Bottles The
Confession of Louis XVI., 185 Last Mail Coach Veneti :
Venetians Indexes Locorum to Printed Parish Registers
Longevity Forwardal Peter Mundy, 186.
QUERIES : Mozart's Works Ancient Horn J. C. Le Blon
The Magpie's Death Queen Elizabeth's Statue in Royal
Exchange Gondola Prow 'Big Ben' and Phil May-
Unicorn on Royal Arms " To the West ! " Gallows
Bank: Mathew Cockling, 187 Edward Jarrett Dr.
Johnson of Warwick Charles Joye Thoresby Pedigree
Charles Bridgman Anderson : Simpson : Dickson :
Baillie : Gordon-Jenner, of Widhill, Wilts, 188-Cousin
of Boswell Walter R. Benjamin Rice for the Complexion
Burning of Moscow Remarkable Echoes " Royal
Blue" Omnibuses Dutchmen in Pembroke Lieut. -Gen.
Richard Hamilton Atrebatum Richard Baddeley, 189.
REPLIES : Lady O'Looney's Epitaph, 190-Milton on
Plagiarism" Cruel of heart were they "Earliest Tele-
graphy, 191 Holwell Family Knots in Handkerchiefs-
William Elmham, 192- Scottish Titles conferred by
Cromwell Vanishing London Court Life Henry
Gataker Warwick Lane, 193 Physician's Cane
"Teapoy" Moving Pictures Roeites of Calverton
Count of the Holy Roman Empire, 194 Rebecca and her
Daughters Murderers reprieved for Marriage Samuel
Byrom, 195 Authors Wanted Keats, Hampstead, and
Dilke Benjamin Garlike Mew or Mewes Families
American Words and Phrases, 196 Newenham Abbey-
Napoleon Print John Hudson, 197.
NOTES ON BOOKS :-' Dumfries and Galloway Notes
and Queries ' ' A Book of Light Verse ' ' Fragrance
Among Old Volumes ' ' The West Riding of Yorkshire '
Reviews and Magazines.
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
WILLIAM CHALMERS OF FINTRAY
AND FASTEMBURG.
(See 11 S. i. 267, 337, 393.)
THROUGH the kindness of several corre-
spondents (notably of the Very Rev. P.
Boyle, College des Irlandais, Paris), I have
been able to get together some facts about
this Aberdeenshire William Chalmers, who
figures prominently in the theological con-
troversies of his day. Accounts of him,
which to some extent supplement each
other, are to be found in Moreri, Dupin,
and P6rennes's edition of Feller ; but it
may be as well to put on record what I have
discovered about his works from other
sources.
His family connexion was not known to the
late Mr. A. M. Munro, the historian of the
Chalmerses ; but the year of his birth is given
as 1595, and in 1616 he was at the Scots
College in Rome (' Records of Scots Colleges,'
i. 105). The register states : " Fecit jura-
mentum 13 Martii ; discessit 1618 ; in-
gressus deinde Societatem Jesu." His
writings, however, are not included in
Backer and Sommervo gel's monumental
work, though he is mentioned in vol. vi.
p. 1527. Indeed, he appears to have left
the Order in 1625, and to have entered the
Congregation of the French Oratory founded
by Pere Berulle.
He was teaching philosophy in 1624 in
the College at Chalons-sur-Marne, and in
1629 in the College at Angers, whence he
seems to have had his doctorate in canon
law. At a later date he was teaching
theology in the College at Saumur and was
doctor in divinity. According to Feller
he survived to 1678.
His works are now of exceptional rarity.
Of several I have been able to trace only
single copies in different libraries. Two I
have not yet located. The titles are as
under :
1. Gulielmi Camerarii Scoti, Congregationis
Oratorii Domini Jesu presbyteri, Selectae disputa-
tiones philosophic, in tres partes distributee.
Pars prima, praecipuas disputationes Logicae et
Moralis Philosophise complectens. (Pars secunda,
praecipuas disputationes totius Physicae complec-
tens ; Pars tertia, preecipuas disputationes
Metaphysicee complectens.) Parisiis, apud Caro-
lum Chapellain, via Signaria, prope Scholas
medicas ad insigne D. Barbaras. 1630. St.
Andrews University Library ; Angers Town
Library. In the prefixed Letters of Approba-
tion, dated 1629, Chalmers is styled " in Andina
Universitate Philosophies professor." A copy of
the same book in the Cambridge University
Library has the first part dated 1537 (sic).
2. Ad universam Aristotelis Logicam Intro-
ductio. Andegavi, 1632. Given by Perennes.
No copy located.
3. Sanctorum Patrum Augustini, Fulgentii et
Anselmi Monimenta theologis et concionatoribus
utilissima nunc primum ex vetustissimis manu-
scriptis eruta, ad [sic] adnotationibus illustrata,
studio et opera R. Patris Gulielmi Camerarii Scoti,
Congregationis Oratorii Domini Jesu presbyteri
et sacrae theologiaB professoris. Parisiis, apud
Fiacrum Dehors in Monte Divi Hilarii 1634.
Bibliotheque Nationale.
4. [The same.] Parisiis, apud Sebastianum
Hur, via Jacobaea. 1634. Bibliotheque Mazarine.
5a. Eugenii Philadelphi Romani [i.e. Francisci
Annat] Exercitatio scholastica tripartite, contra
novam rationem, tuendi physicas prsemotiones
liberorum agentium eorumque libertatem expo-
nendi quam auctor operis De libertate Dei et
creatxiree [i.e. Gul. Gibieuf] nuper inyexit. . . .Cum
appendice ad Guillelmum Camerarium, Scotum.
Cadurci, ex typographis loannis d'Alvy, 1632.
Cambridge University Library. This work called
forth No. 5.
182
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. in. MAR. n, mi.
6. Antiquitatis de novitate victoria, sivc justa
defensio preemotionis physicee contra impetitiones
pseudo Eugenii Pliiladelphi Romani Per R-P-
Gulielmum Camerarium Scotum, Congregationis
Oratorii Jesu Christi presbyterum, sacra? Theol-
ogies professorem. Fastemburgi, apud Petruni
Baretium et Joh. Astemium, 1634. Glasgow
University Library ; Marsh's Library, Dublin.
The Glasgow printed Catalogue of 1791 gives the
date 1635, but this is a misprint in the Catalogue.
5b. Non causa ut causa, subjuncta yera causa,
elenchus sophismatis Gulielmi Camerarii Scoti, per
Petrum de Pasquier, S. Thcologiac Doctorem,
Motae Curionem, Serrae Sacristam. Fastemburgi,
apud Petrum Baretium et loannem Astemium,
1635. Bibliotheque Mazarine. A reply to No. 5.
Pasquier was a pseudonym of P. Th^ophile
Kaynaud.
6. Alpharabii vetustissimi Aristotelis inter-
pretis opera omnia, quae Latina lingua conscripta
reperiri potuerunt, ex antiquissimis manuscriptis
eruta. Studio et opera Gulielmi Camerarii, Scoti,
Fintraei, Sacrse Theologiae professoris, luris
Canonici doctoris. .. .Parisiis, apud Dionysium
Moreau, Via Jacobsea, sub Salamandra, 1638.
British Museum ; Trinity College, Dublin.
7. De peccato. Parisiis, 1638. Given by Mr.
Kellas Johnstone in Scottish Notes and Queries for
February, 1895, vol. viii. p. 135. No copy located.
8. Dissertatio theologica : an confessarius
absolvere possit catholicum pie viventem ita
sensibus destitutum, ut nullum dare possit
contritionis vel pcenitentiae signum ? authore
Gulielmo Canaerario .... Brixiae Catacorum, ex
officina C. Pensae 1638. Bibliotheque Nationale.
Dupin says 1648.
9. Gulielmi Camerarii .... Tractatus in quo
omnium animarum indivisibilitas luculenter
probatur. Parisiis, apud C. Rouillard, 1638.
Bibliotheque Nationale.
10. Gulielmi Camerarii, Scoti, Fintraei, sacrae
theologiSe doctoris, et professoris emeriti, &c.
Disputationes theologicee. De discrimine pec-
cati venialis et mortalis. De perfecta observa-
tione divinaa legis. De perfectione bonorum
operum Baptizatorum sive Renatorum ubi de
compossibilitate et incompossibilitate bonitatis
et malitiae in eodem actu. De bonitate denique
actus attritionis. Opposite disputationibus
Roberti Baronis, ministri et professoris Neabre-
donensis, de iisdem materiis. Parisiis, apud
Dionysium Houssayc, via Carmelitana, 1639.-
Aberdeen University Library.
11. Disputatio theologica de electione angel -
orum et hominuin ad gloriam et de exclusione
eorum, ab eadem. Authore Gulielmo Came-
rario, Scoto, Fintraso, Sacrse Theologies et juris
Canonici doctore. Rhedonis,. apud Joannem
Durandum, typographum ac bibliopolam, Via D.
Thomas, sub signo B. Marias, 1641. Bibliotheque
Sainte-Genevieve.
12. Scoticanae ecclesia? infantia, yirilis aetas,
senectus. Opera et studio Gulielmi Camerarii,
Fintraei, Scoti, Sacras Theologies Doctoris, &c.
Parisiis, apud Carolum Rouillard, via Jacobasa,
sub signo floris Lilii. 1643. Advocates' Library.
This edition is dedicated " Illustrissimo Domino D.
Nicolao Balleolo, summo asrarii Gallicani Praa-
fecto in suprema Parisiensi Curia Praesidi infulato,
Reginae Regentis Cancellario."
13. [Thesanie.] Secunda editio. Apud Diony-
sium Houssaye, via Scotias, ad insigne Stelle, e
regione D. Hylarii, 1647. Blairs College Library,
with book-plate of the Scots College of Paris.
This edition is dedicated " Illustrissimo ac
rcverendissimo ecclesiae principi Carolo de Rosma-
deo, Episcopo Venctensi, Galliarum Monarchas
Christianissimo a Sanctioribus consiliis," &c.
14. Hierarcha ct iniperator ex institutis ct
disciplina patrum qui primis a Christo floruerunt
seculis. Opera et studio Gulielmi Camerarii
Scoto, Fintraei, Sacras Theologiae Doctoris, &c.
Parisiis, apud Dionysium Houssaye, via Scotias, ad
insigne Stellae, e 'regione D. Hilarii. 1647.
Aberdeen University Library.
The imprint on No. 5s by Raynaud and
on No. 5 by Camerarius, to which it was a
reply, is very puzzling. Where was Fastem-
burg ? Apparently only these two books
are known to bear the imprint.
Cotton (' Typographical Gazetteer,' 1831,
p. 94) says :
" Qu ? Furstenberg, a small touii of Lusatia ;
or, Furstenberg, a toun of Mecklenburg Strelitz ;
or Furstenberg, a small toun of Germany in the
principality of Waldeck."
Deschamps (' Dictionnaire de Geographic,'
1870, p. 538) says :
" Furstenberg, anc. chateau, bourg sur le Weser
(Hesse-Cassel)."
These authorities do not help much, but
Backer . and Sommervogel are still more
difficult to understand (' Bibl. de la Coinpag-
nie de Jesus,' vi. 1527 ; Raynaud, 21) : .
" Non causa ut causa, subjuncta vera causa
. . . .Fastemburgi, apud Petrum Baretium et Joan*
Absteniium.
" M. Deschamps prend au se'rieux la rubrique
Fastemburgi, qu'il transforme en Fustemburgi
(Furstenberg). Je ne partage pas son avis:
le P. Raynaud n'aurait pas t6 faire imprimer un
livre en Allemagne ; il aura pris ce nom de ville
par une certaine analogic a celui qui se trouve
sur le livre auquel il r^pond. De plus, n'y a-t-il
pas un certain rapprochement a faire entre
Fasienibury, chateau du jeunc, et Abstcmius, qui
ne boit pas de liqueurs enivrantes ? "
I confess I cannot follow this reasoning,
if reasoning it may be called. Does P.
Sommervogel mean that Fastemburg is a
purely imaginary place, or a real place where
Camerarius' s book was printed, but not
Raynaud' s ? And what becomes of the
" rapprochement," if Abstemius should be
In several of his books William Chalmers
speaks of his elder brother David, author
of two better-known works :
De statu hominis, veteris simul ac nov83
ecclesiae, et infidelium conversione. Libri tres.
Authore Davide Camerario presbytero Scoto *
Catalauni, apud lacobum Thevenym, typo-
graphum et bibliopolam. 1627.
ii s. in. MAP., n, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
183
Davidis Camerarii Scoti, De Scotorum forti-
tudine, doctrina & pietate, ac de ortu & progressu
hseresis in regnis Seotiee & Angliae. Libri quatuor.
Nunc primum in lucem editi. Parisiis, sumptibus
Petri Baillet, via lacobsea, sub Gallo & Leone
repente. 1631.
I shall be grateful for any further biblio-
graphical notes on either of the brothers.
P. J. ANDERSON.
Aberdeen University Library.
THE FIRST PERFORATED POSTAGE
STAMPS.
[Having failed to obtain information in various
works, including ' The Life of Sir Rowland Hill,'
by his daughter, and Sir Henry Cole's ' Fifty
Years of Public Life,' as to the date of the first
perforated stamp, I wrote to Mr. Fred J. Melville,
and he has most courteously supplied the in-
formation required. JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS.]
THE penny English stamps were first issued
to the public in perforated sheets about
February, 1854. The earliest dated (post-
marked) copy of the stamp known to collec-
tors is February 20th, 1854. Prior to this,
however, and during the period of Mr. Henry
Archer's experiments, a few of the results
of his trials, and the subsequent trials of
Mr. James N. Napier, the mechanical
engineer who perfected the Archer machine,
were used in the post. Some of these trial
sheets were supplied to the House of Com-
mons Post Office for the use of Members of
Parliament during 1851.
The plan was first invented by Archer in
the autumn of 1847, and was submitted
to the Postmaster-General about October
of that year. The report of the practical
department of the Post Office on the useful-
ness of the invention was dated October 14,
and on October 25th Archer stated in writing
his terms for making a perforating machine
for the Commissioners of Inland Revenue.
On January 17, 1848, the Board of Inland
Revenue authorized Mr. Archer to give a
trial to the plan as an experimental measure.
Archer's first idea was to pierce the paper
by means of rollers, but this was not success-
ful. He then conceived the plan of punching
out the holes in the paper by means of short
flat-ended steel wires, or punches, fixed
vertically over a matrix steel plate, the holes
in. which corresponded in position and
diameter with the punches which were to
descend into the holes.
On November 23, 1848, Archer took out
Letters Patent for his invention, and on
December 6 the machine was first tried at the
works of Messrs. Bacon and Petch (the
printers of the British postage stamps of that
period). Archer complained that the sheets
were inserted in his machine while the gum
was wet, so that the holes got clogged
and rendered the experiment a failure. The
next trial was at Somerset House about
January, 1850.
Archer's machine was rendered practicable
by the mechanical skill of Mr. Napier, to
whom the experiments were entrusted after
the government acquired Archer's rights.
This, however, need not lessen our apprecia-
tion of Archer's invention. He was not a
mechanic, but he worked out his plan, with
mechanical assistance, on lines which to a
large extent have not been superseded to
this day. For instance, our British stamps
are still perforated by machines (teimed
" comb " machines) which, like Archer's,
perforate three sides of each stamp in a row
at one descent of the punches, thus :
The next descent of the pins completes the
perforating of the first row and partly per-
forates the next row, and so on.
" Harrow " machines perforate a whole
sheet at one descent, but they are not much
used, so it must be assumed that the advan-
tage of speed which they present (at least in
theory) do not counterbalance the dis-
advantages of the breaking of the punches,
and the difficulty of perfect register. Rotary
machines, which would be preferable to the
" harrows " for speed, are used in the
United States Bureau of Engraving and
Printing, but the results are very poor, on
account of the variation in the shrinkage
of the paper subsequent to its being
dampened for printing from engraved steel
plates. This shrinkage is so uneven that
the perforations ruin a large proportion (until
recently 9 per cent) of the printed sheets.
Although the new stamps of King George's
reign are to be produced in a newly built
factory with the most modern equipment,
I understand that rotary perforators will
not be used. FRED. J. MELVILLE.
'LUCRECE' AND 'THE PASSIONATE
PILGRIM ' : NEW READINGS.
IN the First Quarto 11. 1544-5 of ' Lucrece '
are printed thus :
To me came Tarquin armed to beguild
With outward honestie, but &c.
Malone placed a semicolon at " armed," and
(following the lead of Gildon and Sewell)
substituted "so" for "to"; but, as Mr.
184
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. m. MAR. n, 1911.
Wyndham has said, a semicolon at this" part
of the line is unusual, if not unparalleled.
Besides, it gives the first part of the line a
dragging effect which spoils the rhythm, and
" armed," standing alone, conveys a wrong
impression, by suggesting Tarquin's sword.
These and other difficulties are obviated
by pointing as follows :
To me came Tarquin, armed so, beguiled
With outward honesty, &c.
That is, furnished, as Sinon was, with the
weapons of subtlety and deceit. " Arm "
Was common in the sense of furnish or pre-
pare ; see Chester, ' Love's Martyr ' (New
Shaks. Soc., p. 6) :
Then (gentle Reader) over-reade my Muse,
That armes herself e to flie a lowly flight.
" Beguiled " has the required sense,
" made beguiling," in the Elizabethan
translation of Seneca, ' Tenne Tragedies,'
reprint Spenser Soc., Part I., p. 6 :
And either his begiled hooks doth bayte,
Or els beholds and sees the pray from hye,
where, however, the Latin, " deceptos in-
struit hamos," may have led the translator
to use a past participle.
The Quarto reading of * The Passionate
Pilgrim,' xv. 2, is :
Lord how mine eies throw gazes to the East,
My hart doth charge the watch, the morning
rise
Doth scite, &c.
Steevens rightly said that the meaning
of this phrase was not very clear ; Malone
suggested that the watch were enjoined to
hasten through their nocturnal duty ; and
Delius read " change " for " charge." By
transferring the comma from the middle
to the end of the second line, and reading
" them " for " the " before " watch," we
get a meaning consistent with the context,
virtually without changing a letter (" the "
with a stroke over it stands, as often, for
" them," in xix. 40), viz. :
Lord, how mine eyes throw gazes to the east !
My heart doth charge them watch the morning
rise,
Doth cite each moving sense from idle rest,
Not daring trust the office of mine eyes.
While Philomela, &c.
This is really nearer to the original than
the modern editions, which have a full
stop at "rest" instead of the comma of
the Quarto, and a comma at " eyes "
instead of its full stop. The change proposed
has the further effect of bringing the stanza
into line wilh the rest, which (including the
two in xiv., shown by Profs. Dowden and
Rolfe to be part of the same poem) are
quatrains followed by couplets.
It is inconsistent with what follows to
say " the morning rise doth cite," &c., for
it has not risen, the lark which welcomes
daylight has not sung, and in 11. 16, 17, the
sun is bidden shine, and the day peep.
In the last line of the same poem,
Short night to night, and length thy selfe to
morrow,
modern editions rightly add commas at
" Short " and " night " ; but it would be
well to have a comma also at " selfe," viz.,
Short, Night, to-night ; and length thyself,
To-morrow,
or perhaps
Short night, To-night, &c. f
i.e., "O Night, [or "O To-night,"] be short:
O To-morrow, be long."
It is easy to understand why it would be
to the lover's advantage to have the next
day lengthened ; see 1. 12 :
For why, she sigh'd, and bade me come
to-morrow.
Throughout the poem he is longing for the
day, not for the night following.
C. K. POOLER.
JORDAN NOT A TYPE OF BAPTISM. At
6 S. x. '299 (the main question being on
Jordan as a type of death) the REV. ED.
MARSHALL said : " The common patristic
interpretation is that the passage of the
Jordan is represented in baptism." I
venture to suggest that this is an error.
It is the passage of the Red Sea which is so
represented. The forty years in the wilder-
ness being a figure of human life under the
new law, baptism commences what death
terminates ; and to make the passage of
the Jordan an analogue of baptism is to
invert the whole scheme. See that very
ancient baptismal hymn, containing the
verse
Ex ^gypto venei-unt, qui mare transierunt ;
Virtutes cognoverunt, et laudes cantaverunt.
See also the allusion to the Red Sea in the
Latin office for Easter Eve : " O vere
beata nox, quse exspoliavit JEgyptios,
ditavit Hebrseos " : after which the font is
blessed. See further the very distinct
language of the English Baptismal office,
" figuring thereby (by the passage of the
Red Sea) Thy holy Baptism. 1 '
I greatly doubt whether any of the fathers
allude to the river Jordan in this manner.
Would that the Rev. Ed. Marshall were yet
with us, to explain the matter further !
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Plape,
n s. in. MAR. 11, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
185
WINCHESTER MEASURES AND BOTTLES.
The old Winchester standards lasted from
1588 to 1824. And glass bottles were first
made in England in 1588. The present unit
of capacity for liquids as well as for dry goods
is the imperial gallon measure, introduced
in 1824 in place of the old Winchester gallon.
Three separate gallon measures had been in
use, as follows, from ancient times (two of
them probably from 1225) until 1824, when,
by the passing of the Act 5 Geo. IV. c. 74,
the present imperial gallon, then containing
277*274 cubic inches, was introduced, and
the use of the three ancient gallon measures
was made illegal, viz., a Winchester corn
gallon = 272|, a wine gallon = 231, an ale
gallon=282 cubic inches. A collection of
old local standards at Winchester is interest-
ing, as it includes standard troy weights
dated 1588, being the year in which Elizabeth
granted a charter to Winchester, and a
Winchester bushel sent to the Corporation
in 1487. The old Winchester Bushel was
so called because the standard bushel was
ordered by King Edgar to be kept there.
The collection at Winchester also includes
other standards of 1487, 1601, 1700, and
particularly a 56-lb. weight, supposed to be
of the time of Edward III., which was found
in the old muniment room over the West
Gate.
In the Municipal Buildings at Edinburgh
is a collection of the ancient Scotch standards.
Among the exhibits is a Scotch choppin, or
half -pint, dated 1555. The Scotch pint,
or the stoup of Stirling, was defined in the
Scotch Act of 1618 as being " 3 pounds
7 ounces of French Troy or weight of clear
running water of Leith."
The old " Winchester quart," or one
quarter of the Winchester gallon, contained
68.06 cubic inches, therefore the old Win-
chester pint would hold half that quantity.
The ancient English pint is so close to the
Roman sextarius (1.01 pint), that one can
hardly doubt the derivation of the pint from
the sextarius.
The so-called " Winchester " gallon, quart,
or pint, is not a measure of capacity, but is
simply the name of a particular kind of
bottle or vessel used for storing liquids.
For instance, in the catalogue of a maker
of chemical apparatus this occurs : " Acid
bottles, blue or green glass. Corbyns and
Winchesters." The shape of each is the
same, but the size varies. The quart con-
tains either 80, 90, or 120 ozs., the Corbyn
is 40 ozs. = 2 pints, and when the old term
" Winchester pint " is employed in ordering
a modern 16 oz. bottle is supplied.
The Winchester bottle appears therefore
to be another instance in which the liquid
or article in which it is placed becomes
in the trade recognized as, and confused
with, a measure. At present it seems
impossible to ascertain whether the ex-
pression " Winchester " was derived from
the name of a place or of a manufacturer.
As to the ancient term Corbyn being
transferred from the firm of that name
(which, by the way, is comparatively modern),
this is scarcely correct. It is true that their
business in the Poultry was at the sign of
the " Bell and Dragon," formerly con-
ducted by WinstanJey & Co., and that " Ye
ancient druggist sign of this house, 1666,"
is now in the Guildhall Museum. But the
Corbyn who gave his name to the bottle,
whether as manufacturer or otherwiss, is
unrecorded the name only has survived,
and, with the Winchester, it is seldom seen
in print outside the trade lists. As an
example of derivation, there is a globular
bottle of green or blue glass, called
a Carboy, which is a corruption of the
Persian qardbah, a large flagon. It holds
from 4 to 10 gallons.
The above notes are taken mostly Irom a
treatise on ' Standard Weights and Measures,'
by H. J. Chaney, 1897, and a letter con-
tributed by the same authority to The
Chemist and Druggist, 19 June, 1897, vcl. L,
p. 982. See also US. iii. 56.
TOM JONES.
THE CONFESSION OF Louis XVI. I do
not remember meeting this confession of
Louis XVI. anywhere, except in the book
from which I extract it, viz., * The Book of
Remembrance,' by Ralph Wedgwood, 1814,
vol. i., pp. 156-7. The only other copy of
this rare work I have heard of, besides my
own, is in the British Museum Library.
It is called * The Confession of Louis Capet
on the Eve of his Decapitation.' It is taken
from the ' Gazett de France,' and was drawn
up with M. Hebert, General of the Eudists
(? Jesuits), his Majesty's Confessor, and given
to Abbe D. In 1814 he was interrogated by
the Duchess of Angouleme ; but he did not
know whether the originals were in the hand-
writing of Louis XVI.
" If, through the infinite goodness of God, I
recover my liberty and my royal power, I
solemnly promise :
"1. To revoke, as soon as possible, all the
laws that shall be pointed out to me (either by
the Pope, in a Council or by four Bishops chosen
from amongst the most enlightened and virtuous
in my kingdom) as contrary to the purity and
integrity of the faith, to the discipline and spiritual
186
NOTES AND QUERIES. m s. m. M AR ,H, 1911.
jurisdiction of the holy Catholic Church, apostolic
and Roman, particularly in the civil constitution
of the clergy.
"2. To restore without delay all legitimate
pastors, and all persons possessed of benefices
instituted by the Church, to the benefices of which
they have been unjustly despoiled by the decrees
of an incompetent power, with the reservation
of taking canonical means for suppressing the
titles of benefices which are least necessary, and
to apply them to the wants of the State."
Louis XVI. was an admirer of Charles I.,
and looked on his case as analogous to his
own. Charles I. had a similar intention,
and his written vow on the subject is in the
St. Paul's Cathedral Library (8 S. v. 143).
Perhaps, therefore, Louis XVI. in this
matter also imitated Charles I.
A. B. G.
LAST MAIL COACH. In Lady Dorothy
Nevill's charming book * Under Five Reigns'
I read that " the last of the regular mail
coaches would seem to have been the old
Derby mail, which made its final journey
out of Manchester in 1858."
I certainly went from Plymouth to Truro
in 1858, and I think again in 1859. The
Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash was opened
in the latter year, and I presume that up to
that date the mail coach continued to run.
HENRY FISHWICK.
VENETI : VENETIANS. One is so accus-
tomed to think of the Venetians as the
people of the great mediaeval republic
under whose leadership took place the Latin
conquest of Constantinople (the first capture
of that city) in 1204, and which preserved
its independence after its decline until the
capture of Venice by Napoleon in 1796,
that one is rather startled to read in Dr.
Mitchell's 'History of the Highlands and
Gaelic Scotland ' (p. 4) that " at this time
[i.e., that of Julius Caesar] the Venetians
carried on a large trade with Britain." But
of course this refers to the tribe of the
Veneti on the north-west coast of Gaul,
who raised a war with Caesar, which is
described in the third boojk of the Gallic
War, the result being their almost complete
destruction in a naval battle, probably
fought near the mouth of the Loire. From
that tribe, however, is derived the name of
the modern town of Vannes. Whether
that had any ethnic connexion with the
Veneti in the north-east of Italy who
inhabited the modern Venetia cannot be
answered positively. But it is more prob-
able that the latter were connected with a
Slavonian tribe also called Veneti or Venedi
(whence the appellation Wonds, in German
Wenden) on the southern shores of the
Baltic.
But besides these there was in very ancient
times a tribe of similar name in Paphlagonia
which is mentioned by Homer as a mule-
breeding race :
E 'EvcruM', oOtv fjfuovwv yevos dyporepaMv
(' Iliad, 'ii. 851.)
Of these nothing more is known.
W. T. LYNN.
Blackheath.
INDEXES LOCORUM TO PRINTED PARISH
REGISTERS. May I venture to suggest
to editors of printed parish registers the
advisability of adding an index of places
to the volume or volumes for which they are
responsible ? With one or two note-
worthy exceptions, it does not seem to have
occurred to those in charge that the books are
likely to be made use of for topographical,
as well as genealogical, purposes. An index
of places outside the immediate area
covered by a particular volume would be
easy of compilation, and would not take up
much room. I have been lately put to
considerable trouble in going through the
successive volumes of the Harleian Society's
London registers by the absence of such aids.
WILLIAM McMuRRAY.
St. Anne and St. Agnes, Grcsham Street, E.G.
LONGEVITY. It may be noted that the
Rev. H. M. Sherwood has just resigned the
living of White Ladies, Aston, Worcester-
shire, which he held for seventy-one years.
He was born in 1813. He took his B.A.
degree (Queen's College, Oxford), in 1834.
This tenure of an incumbency approaches a
remarkable length. The reverend gentleman
is said to enjoy, happily, excellent health.
W. H. QUARRELL.
FORWARD AL. I had occasion recently
to write to the Superintendent of Govern-
ment Printing, India, for a publication, and
in reply received a printed form on which I
was asked to remit the price of a copy,
inclusive of lorwardal charges. The word
is not in the * N.E.D." L. L. K.
PETER MUNDY, TRAVELLER. In a letter
from Sir Nicholas Parker to the Lords of the
Council (Hist. MSS. Comm.), dated 12
March, 1600-1, mention is made of " Robert
Mundey, an honest merchant of Penrhyn."
P. D. M.
n s. m. MA*. 11, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
1ST
WK must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.
MOZART'S WORKS. Can any of your readers
inform me whether Mozart's sonatas were
written before or after his operas ?
(Miss) CONSTANCE SMITH.
13, Trinita de Monti, Rome.
ANCIENT HORN. I am anxious to know
in whose possession is an ancient horn
formerly mounted in gold, which has
been removed. It was the property of the
Thrustons of Hoxne, who held it as service
for some of their propeity in Norfolk or
Suffolk. An antiquary I met says he re-
members hearing about it a few years ago,
but cannot remember who has it now. Any
particulars as to it would greatly interest me.
C. S. M. THRUSTON.
14, Tedworth Gardens, S.W.
J. C. LE BLON. I am engaged in collect-
ing any printed or MS. references to the
career or work of Jas. Christopher Le Blon,
an engraver, who was in London from about
1718 onwards, for some fifteen years or so,
and produced a number of three-colour
mezzotints for a company entitled the
' Picture Office,' formed to operate his
patented process. He also patented a
method of weaving pictures in silk, and
formed a company to exploit it. I have
consulted most, if not all, of the obvious
and well-known sources of information on
the subject, and should be glad of any
further particulars, no matter how trivial.
R. M. BURCH.
79A, Woodbridge Road, Guildford.
THE MAGPIE'S DEATH. Can any of your
readers kindly tell we where I can find an
amusing dialogue between a gentleman
(called, I think, "Mr. G.") and his land
steward ? The former having recently
returned from a long journey is first told
that the magpie is dead, and then finds that
this is but the prelude to an extraordinary
catalogue of misfortunes that have occurred
during his absence. M. G.
Dublin.
QUEEN ELIZABETH'S STATUE IN ROYAL
EXCHANGE. In a niche at the north-
eastern ambulatory of the Royal Exchange
h the statue inscribed Elizabetha R., the
4UUCH holding orb and sceptre. No name
of the sculptor is given, nor is there any
date of execution. Can these be supplied ?
As we know (11 S. ii. 454) like omissions
occur in respect of the statue of Carolus II.
R. in the opposite niche. CECIL CLARKE.
Junior Athena3um Club.
GONDOLA PROW. Can any of your
readers give me an explanation ot the
curiously shaped prow of a gondola 1 1
have been told that the six projections reler
to the subdivisions of the town of Venice,
but I cannot find any authority for this.
Answers may be sent me direct.
J. H. MATTHEWS.
54, Parliament Street, S.W.
' BIG BEN ' AND PHIL MAY. In my copy
of ' The Parson and the Painter ' (a folio ot
78 pages, with paper covers) there is at p. 2b
an announcement that
" Big Ben, | the | Great Conservative New
Paper, | Weekly, Price Qd., \ will be published m
October next. [1892]. | Four Coloured Pages,
and | numerous Black and White Illustrations. |
Art Editor : Phil May."
Was this paper ever published ? Any
information concerning it will be of interest.
E. .N **
UNICORN ON ROYAL ARMS. Can any one
give the origin of the unicorn being used as
a supporter of the Royal Arms ? I believe
it was first used by James I., and had been
used previously as a supporter of the Royal
Arms of Scotland. But why a fabulous
beast ? ^ AVEN '
" To THE WEST ! To THE WEST." It is
now many years ago since this song was
sung or whistled by nearly every one
the street, in the public-house, and in
many homes :
To the West ! to the West !
To the land of the Free,
Where the roughest torrents,
Roll down to the sea
I never heard more of it, and this appeared
to be all that people caied to know. It wes
at the time when there was an early and
strong tide of emigration westward,
tune was not at all catchy, though the
words were. Who wrote words and music ?
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
GALLOW' s ', BANK : MATHEW COCKLING.
I should be "glad to hear something about
a Mathew Cockling who was hanged for
murder at Gallows Bank, near Derby,
about one hundred and fifty years ago.
Also something about a story told of this
hanging to the effect that at an old ale
188
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. MAR. n, 1911.
house at Litchurch, one of the company
dared " to take a basin of hot broth
was
to Mathew as the corpse hung in chains.
The challenge was accepted, and the broth
corpse ; upon which man and broth tumbled
from the ladder, the man so dazed with
fright that he failed to see one of the ale
house company at the foot of the gibbet
post. THOS. RATCLIFFE.
EDWARD JARRETT was admitted to West-
minster School in September, 1734, aged 12.
Particulars of his parentage and career are
desired. G. F. R. B.
DR. JOHNSON or WARWICK. According
to Wood's ' Life and Times ' (vol. ii. p. 507,
Oxf. Hist. Soc. Pub. xxi.), he is said to have
gone to Westminster School with Richard
Peers, who was elected to Ch. Ch., Oxon,
1664. I should be glad to obtain any
information about this Dr. Johnson.
G. F. R. B.
CHARLES Jo YE was admitted to West-
minster School in July, 1728, aged 8. Any
information concerning his parentage and
career would be welcome. G. F. R. B.
THORESBY PEDIGREE. Is it possible to
obtain (and if so, where ?) a copy of ' Notes on
Ralph Thoresby's Pedigree,' by Mr. A. S.
Ellis, referred to in a foot-note on p. 50,
vol. ii. of Dr. Round's ' Peerage and Pedi-
gree,' published by James Nisbet & Co. ?
FORTESCUE THURSBY.
Bath Club, Dover Street, W.
CHARLES BRIDQMAN, GARDENER : HIS
PORTRAIT. S. Felton (' On the Portraits oi
English Authors on Gardening,' 2nd ed.
1830, p. 136) speaks of a portrait of Charles
Bridgman (the gardener who " composed '
Stowe Gardens and the Serpentine), which
he saw more than 50 years earlier, and which
he thinks was an etching. He adds :
" I neither recollect its painter nor engrave
[it was before the days of Seymour Haden anc
precise terminologyl ; and it is so scarce tha
neither Mr. Smith, of Lisle Street, nor Mr. Evans
of Great Queen Street, the intelligent collector
and illustrators of Granger, have been able tc
obtain it. Perhaps it will be discovered that i
was a private plate, done at the expense of hi
generous and noble employer, Lord Cobham."
Is this plate known to any living collector
or was it perhaps an etching from th<
portrait of Bridgman in Hogarth's ' Rake
Progress,' or from the latter'r, group o
artists in the Ashmolean Museum, or the
Club of Artists by Hamilton in the National
r'ortrait Gallery ? It seems very doubtful
vhether the two latter identifications can
)oth be right. A. FORBES SIEVEKING.
12, Seymour Street, Portman Square, W.
ANDERSON : SIMPSON : DICKSON : BAIL-
LIE : GORDON. I seek genealogical details
of the ancestry of
1. John Anderson, who married 23 July,
1824, Hellen Simpson (born 24 Sept., 1795 ;
died at Bantaskine 1863) at Edinburgh. The
Andersons lived from time immemorial in
Haddingtonshire. Anderson's father was a
shepherd. The latter married, as his second
wife, the daughter of the illegitimate son
of George Seton, fifth and last Earl of
Winton.
2. James Simpson, father of the above
Hellen by his second wife Isabella Dickson.
James Simpson claimed descent from the
Simpson who was Dean or Provost of the
Collegiate Church of Dunbar about 1560, and
who joined the Reformers and married a nun
from North Berwick Abbey. James Simp-
son died 1819.*
3. Samuel Dickson (brother or cousin of
the above Isabella Dickson), born 1749,
died 1793, builder and contractor, who built
most of the new town of Edinburgh. Samuel
Dickson married Agnes Bail lie at or near
Edinburgh.
4. Thomas Baillie, father of the above
Agnes by his wife Gordon. Thomas
Baillie was, I believe, connected with the
family of Baillie of Lamington.
Please reply direct.
JAMES S. ANDERSON.
Cuddington, Bucks.
JENNER, OF WIDHILL, WILTS. Under
the article in the ' D.N.B.' on Archbishop
Narcissus Marsh, the following occurs :
" Not the least pleasing thing recorded of him is
that he paid 2,000 of the debts of Mr. John Jenuer
of Widhill in Wiltshire, who had helped him to his
fellowship, and thus given him the first lift."
Dr. Marsh, Archbishop of Armagh, died 1713.
In Cricklade Church there is a memorial
to Robert Jenner, goldsmith and citizen,
at one time representing that town in Parlia-
ment (1628-29 and 1640-48), who died
1651. That portion of the Chuich is termed
* I understand James Simpson was a son, or
grandson, of Rev. Matthew Simpson, minister of
Pencaitland, by his wife Alison, dau. of Adam
Drummond of Megginch. Alison Drummond was
married to Matthew Simpson in March, 1709, and
died 1736. Matthew Simpson died 1756, aged 83
years.
ii s. in. MAR. 11, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
189
the Widhill Chapel. I wish to ascertain
in what way the John referred to above
was related to Robert, who died without
issue. Did the Jenners own the manor,
and if so for what period ?
R. J. FYNMORE.
A COUSIN OF BOSWELL. In his 'Journal
of a Tour to the Hebrides' (1887, vol. v.
S87) Boswell refers to " My cousin, Miss
alias, formerly of Inverness," who, he
says, " was married to Mr. Riddocb, one
of the ministers of the English chapel "
at Inverness. Of course for " English "
should be read " Episcopalian." I should
be obliged for information es to the " cousin-
ship " existing between Boswell and Miss
Dallas, and should be glad also to learn
moie of Mr. Riddoch. A. CALDEB.
WALTER R. BENJAMIN OF NEW YORK.
Dr. Moncure Conway expressed himself
as indebted to this gentleman for the loan
of some of Hawthorne's letters. I should
like to know how they came into his posses-
sion, and whether he is a connexion of the
late Judah P. Benjamin, Q.C., who, after
serving with distinction in an administrative
capacity during the great American Civil
War (1861-1865), migrated to England and
became a great figure at the English bar.
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
RICE FOR THE COMPLEXION. In The
Morning Post of 19 August, 1910, I read :
" In connection with the death of a young woman
named Mary Cadwallader, it was stated before the
Birkenhead Coroner yesterday that she had an
inordinate appetite for raw rice. It was explained
that many girls eat raw rice to improve their com-
plexions, and in this case, the doctor said, the eating
of so much rice had a good deal to do with the girl's
death."
Is this habit grounded on some physiological
fact, or on a legend or superstition of some
sort ? Q. V.
THE BURNING OF Moscow. Some fresh
light, it ii understood, has been thrown on
this much disputed matter by an article in
the ' Annales Politiques et Litteraires '
from the pen of a descendant of Rostopchin.
Can any one give the reference ?
KOM OMBO.
REMARKABLE ECHOES. Is a list available
of remarkable echoes at particular spots
in the United Kingdom ? The information
would be useful to tourists. I am aware of
a beautiful and weird echo at Loch-an-Eilan,
Rothiemurchus ; and Mr. Henry Bradley
in an essay on ' English Place-Names '
mentions that a remarkable echo may be
heard at Dwaraden, a small hamlet in South
Yorkshire (see p. 30 of ' Essays and Studies
by Members of the English Association,'
Clarendon Press, 1910). T. F. HUSBAND.
" ROYAL BLUE " OMNIBUSES. This
familiar feature of the locomotion of the
London streets (Piccadilly, Bond Street, and
Oxford Street) is to disappear finally in
August, when the horses go for the autumn
manoeuvres. I understand this line of
omnibuses belongs to the London General
Omnibus Company and the Victoria Omnibus
Association. Why were they called " Royal
Blue," and when did they start running ?
JAS. CARTER, F.S.A.
DUTCHMEN IN PEMBROKE. I find this
statement in Godfrey Goodman's ' Fall of
Man,' 1616, p. 296 :
"In Pembroke-shire certaine Dutch-men being
anciently permitted to inhabit, their posteritie vnto
this day retaines the luxurie and riot (proper to that
nation) and yet they haue forgotten their language."
If this be correct, there should be in that
county some old families with " Dutch "
names. The word " Dutchmen " may mean
Germans. Perhaps some resident of Pern
broke can throw light on this point.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.
36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
LIEUT. -GENERAL RICHARD HAMILTON.
I should be much obliged to any reader of
' N. & Q.' who could inform me whether there
is a portrait of Lieut. -General Richard
Hamilton of the Boyne in existence, and
where it may be seen. D. C. BOULGER.
ATREBATUM. Where is " Atrebatum in
Belgia " ? Cornelius a Lapide says the
churchyard was much troubled by ghosts,
but that they were driven away when lamps
were kept burning all night. If a man was
also kept to trim the lamps, and a big dog,
the result seems credible ; but I cannot
find the place. R. B. CLARK.
[The modern Artois.]
RICHARD BADDELEY, 1620. In or about
1620 a boy named William Perry, of Bilson,
Staffordshire, was concerned in an imposture.
The book describing the affair ' The Boy of
Bilson ' London, 1622, is anonymous,
but an address " To the Christian Reader "
is signed " Rye. Baddeley," who says or
implies that he knows the author. Some of
the examinations conducted befoie Thomas
(Morton), Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield,
are attested by "Rye. Baddeley," Notary
190
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. m. MAS. 11, 1011.
Public. These examinations were at Eccles-
hall Castle, but the notary's place of abode
is not stated. Is it known where Richard
Baddeley lived, and to what family he
belonged ? DIEGO.
LADY (JLOONEY'S (MRS. JANE
MOLONY'S) EPITAPH.
(US. iii. 108, 154.)
THEBE can be practically no doubt that the
so-called Lady O'Looney epitaph is a poor,
abbreviated, and corrupt reproduction of
Mr 5. Jane Molony's existing epitaph, and
that it never had any place in Pewsey Church.
The real epitaph is on one of the walls inside
the chapel of St. George's burial-ground in
the Bayswater Road (see 10 S. vii. 13, 135,
198).
The chapel was pulled down in or about
1893, and rebuilt at the expense of Mrs.
Russell Gurney. I visited it when it was
in a state of devastation, and got the fore-
man of the works to show me the tablet
bearing Mrs. Molony's epitaph, then among
the tablets which had been taken down.
When the chapel had been rebuilt it was
put up on the south wall inside, but so high
up that one cannot read a word of it without
mounting a ladder.
Having read in the editorial note to the
query that Mr. E. R. Suffling had in his
* Epitaphia ' written of " its removal a few
years ago" I went to the chapel to-day
(February llth) and learned from the care-
taker that the tablet is still there, though
apparently he had not known of it until quite
recently. He had ascertained the fact by
mounting a ladder. I could not this time
read a word of it, although I had a pair of
opera glasses. The complete epitaph is
given in the Appendix (p. 184) of ' Antiente
Epitaphes,' collected by Thomas F. Raven-
shaw, 1878.
The heading of the copy is-
" 1839. Mrs. Jane Molony (' Lady O'Looney '),"
and a foot-note says :
" In a very mutilated form this epitaph has
long been current as that of ' Lady O'Looney,'
& was said to be found at Pewsey, Wilts."
As showing that this old and often re-
peated story is a fabrication, I may mention
that Ravenshaw's prefatory remarks are
dated " Pewsey Rectory, Wilts, 1878." It
would appear to be impossible that the
" Lady O'Looney " epitaph could ever have
existed in Pewsey without hi 3 knowledge.
Although it is very long I think that room
might well be found for the true epitaph
in ' N. & Q.'
" Sacred to the Memory of | Mrs. Jane Molony I
who lies interred in a vault underneath this
chapel | daughter of Antony Shee of Castle Bar
in the county of | Mayo Esqre | who was married
to miss Burke of Curry in the said j county |
and cousin to the rt honble Edmond Burke
commonly | called the sublime | whose bust is
here surmounted or subjoined | the said Jane
was cousin to the late countess of | Buckingham-
shire | and was married to three successive
husbands first | Stuart esqre | cousin to the late
marquis of Bute ; secondly to William | Collins
Jackson | of Langley lodge in the county of
Bucks formerly | military secretary | to the hon :
east India Company in India esqre | thirdly
Edmond Molony of Clonony Castle King's
county | Ireland esqre | barrister at law and late,
of Woodlands in the county | of Dublin | cousin
to the earl of Roscommon, who is brother in law |
of the | present earl of Shrewsbury and also
cousin of lord viscount Dillon | of Costollo and
Gallon in the kingdom of Ireland | the first wife
of the said Edmond Molony was Jane | Malone I
who is interred in the demesne of Barinstown |
in the county of Westmeath with her | brother
in law Antony Malone esqre, and also with I
her cousins lord Sunderlin | and his predeceased
brother Edmond Malone commonly | called |
Shakspear Malone late of Queen Anne street east
London | she was daughter of sergeant Richard
Malone an' | eminent lawyer and | a great states-
man who possessed great estates in the | said
King's county | and niece to the rt. honble
Antony Malone deceased | who was greatly |
regretted of whom it was said by one of the
most | elegant writers | of the day that he
possessed one of the sweetest tongues | that
ever uttered the dictates of reason | he was a
great patriot and refused the great seals of |
Ireland the situation | being at the pleasure of the
crown while chancellor | of the exchequer | of
Ireland from which he was removed without
cause | or his own consent | he availed himself
of the judicial place attached to it | and sat on
the bench above the chief baron and decided |
many cases | which gave general satisfaction
and his decrees were | never questioned | he
died 1776 aged 76 ] the said mrs Molony other-
wise Malone died at said | Woodlands | in
February 1808 aged 59 | the said mrs Molony
otherwise Shee died in London in | January
1839 | aged 74 | she was hot passionate and tender
| and a highly accomplished lady and a superb
drawer | in water colours which was much admired
in the | exhibition room in | Somerset house some
years past
" though lost for ever, yet a friend is dear
the heart yet pays a tributary tear."
" this monument was erected by her deeply
afflicted | husband the | said Edmond Molony
in memory of her great virtues | and talents f
beloved and deeply regretted by all who knew
her | for of such is the kingdom of heaven."
Ravenshaw adds :
Chapel of s. George's Burying Ground, London,
[Copied May, 1877.]
ii s. in. MAR. 11, MI.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
191
It will be noticed that not only was the
subject of tha epitaph not Lady O'Looney,
but also that she was not Mrs. Maloney.
She was Mrs. Molony. This latter confusion
probably arose from the fact that the first
wife of Edmond Molony was a Malone
by marriage as well as by birth. Further
each Mrs. Molony had the Christian name
" Jane." Eavenshaw gives the epitaph in
capital letters all of the same size excepting
" Mrs. Jane Molony " (2nd line), which is
in larger capitals, all equal in size. There
are no stops excepting those which I give.
Regarding " whose bust is here surmounted
or subjoined " I think that I am right in
saying that there is now no bust at all.
Possibly the bust was, or was intended to
be, that of Edmond Burke, but more pro-
bably, I think, " whose " refers to Mrs.
Jane Molony, the subject of the epitaph.
A correspondent (10 S. vii. 198) se.ys of the
chapel, " The monumental inscriptions have
been printed in Miscellanea Genealogica et
Heraldica from Second Series iii. 125 to
v. 379." It is to be hoped that Mrs.
Molony's epitaph is one of them.
By reference to my note 10 S. vii. 135
it will be seen that Mrs. Molony's water-
colour pictures cannot be traced in the
Royal Academy catalogues. Perhaps they
were sent to Somerset House and rejected-
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
[Replies also from Gr. F. R. B. and MR. ALAN
STUWART.]
MILTON ON PLAGIARISM (11 S. ii. 309).
The words usually cited occur in the ' Eikono-
klastes,' chap, xviii. :
" For such kind of borrowing as this, if it be
not bettered by the borrower among good
authors is accounted plagiary."
Iii the light of Milton's alleged obligations
to the Dutch poet Vondel, whose ' Lucifer,'
' Adam in Ballingschap,' and ' Samson ' he
appears to have been pretty conversant
with, this pronouncement is all-important ;
(see Milton and Vondel,' by G. Edmundson*
London, 1885).
The subject of plagiarism, however,
is treated at far greater length in the first
chapter of ' Eikonoklastes,' wheie the delin-
quencies of the writer of ' Eikon Basilike '
are taken up categorically ; especially in
the paragraph beginning :
" For he certainly whose mind could serve him
to seek a Christian prayer out of a pagan legend,
and assume it for his own."
The heated tone and argumentation per-
vading this tract arc rather calculated to
lower the popular estimate of the author of
' Paradise Lost ' as a politician and man of
letters, whc even goes the length of charging
Charles I. with being an accessory of the
death of his father. N. W. HILL.
* ' CRUEL OF HEART WERE THEY, BLOODY
OF HAND " (11 S. iii. 129). It may be that
MR. POTTS is right in tracing Wordsworth's
quoted line to a passage in Scott's ' Talis-
man.' At all events, the two quotations
provide a very interesting parallel. I
would venture to suggest another solution.
In Moxon's edition of Wordsworth's 'Poetical
Works,' London, 1865, 6 vols., it is stated
in the notes on ' St. Bees,' iv. 288, that
" the form of stanza in this poem, and something
in the style of versification, are adopted from
the ' St. Monica,' a poem of much beauty upon a
monastic subject, by Charlotte Smith: a lady to
whom English verse is under greater obligations
than are likely to be either acknowledged or
remembered. She wrote little, and that little
unambitiously, but with true feeling for rural
nature, at a time when nature was not much
regarded by English poets ; for in point of time
her earlier writings preceded, I believe, those of
Cowper and Burns."
Is it not conceivable that the line quoted by
Wordsworth may be taken from Charlotte
Smith's * St. Monica ' ? TOE RE A.
THE EARLIEST TELEGRAPHY (US. iii. 24).
Richard Lovell Edgeworth, father of the
novelist, is usually looked upon as the
pioneer of modern telegraphy. ' Chambers'
Encyclop.' says : " Semaphores were in-
vented by Richard Lovell Edgeworth in
1767 (cf. p. 91 of his 'Memoirs,' ed. 1844)."
But, after all, he would seem to have been
no more than an experimentalist in the art
of signalling, just as he was in so many
branches of science. The ' D.N.B.' says :
" In 1765 he returned to England, and took a
house at Hare Hatch, near Maidenhead .... A
desire to know the result of a race at Newmarket
led him to invent a plan for telegraphing. He
tried the experiment at Hare Hatch. It is said
to have been the first attempt at telegraphic
communication."
The method employed must, however, have
been very primitive. His claim as originator
may be fairly disputed ; as, amongst other
dabblers in the art, Amoutons had, not so
very many years previously, carried out
successful experiments. Unfortunately, the
last-named left no drawings or detailed
descriptions ; which will, however, exonerate
Edgeworth from the charge of copying his
plans. It was not till after Claude Chappe
had made known his invention to the French
Government (1792-3) that the Irish scientist
endeavoured to bring liis system before the
192
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. MAR. n, 1911.
public. Doubtless he had improved his
methods by a study of Chappe's plans ;
possibly, too, he was one of the rival claim-
ants who drove Chappe to suicide. After
the Irish Rebellion (1798) Mr. Edgeworth
persuaded the Government to lay down a
line from Dublin to Galway ; but, according
as the fear of invasion declined, the matter
was dropped. Edgeworth died 1817. His
daughter, Maria, in her letters, mentions
how, on their visit to Paris, 1802, they took
lodgings near the central telegraph office,
so that her father might closely study the
means and methods employed. He was a
man of varied talents and many clever
" notions " ; velocipedes, drainage, road-
measuring machines, &c., and, as ' Harms-
worth's Ency.' says : " claimed to have
invented the electric telegraph as now
used." Yet, were it not for his famous
daughter, his name might, perchance, be
now entirely forgotten.
HEBBEBT B. CLAYTON.
39, Renfrew Road, Lower Kennington Lane.
HOLWELL FAMILY (11 S. ii. 528 ; iii. 74,
111). The following short extract from
The Gentleman's Magazine for June, 1788,
may interest COL. PBIDEAUX :
''Died, Capt. Pigott of Compton Chamberlain,
Wilts : one of the 23 persons who providentially
escaped the fate of their fellow prisoners suffocated
in the Black Hole of Calcutta in 1756 of whom
except Gov. Holwell he has not we believe left a
survivor."
According to Burke' s * Gentry,' Thomas
Walcot, a younger brother to Edward and
Bowes Walcot, was a captain in the 12th
Regiment, of which John Pigott became
captain in 1778.
In Holwell's account of the Black Hole
the only names mentioned are " Court
Secretary Cook, Lushington, Burdet, Ensign
Walcot, Mrs. Carey, Capt. Dickson, Mr
Moran and John Meadows and 12 Military
and Military [sic] Blacks and Whites some o:
whom recovered when the door was opened,'
and John Pigott may have been among the
latter.
There certainly was a John Pigott who
joined as ensign or lieutenant the 39th, in
1750, and this regiment went out to India in
1754, and it is quite possible that some o
the officers may have been taken prisoner:
when Fort William was captured in 1756.
As far as I have been able to ascertain
John Pigott resided during his boyish days a
Ballymonty, co. Tipperary; and Frances
the younger of his two sisters, married a
Clonmel, ~9 July, 1757, Richard Po\\er
afterwards second Baron of the Excheque
n Ireland, younger brother of John Power
f Tullamin Castle, co. Tipperary, A.D.C.
o General Clive at the battle of Plassey,
757. Was this Po\ver also an officer in the
9th Regiment ? He was the ancestor of the
>aronets.
It seems that many of those who escaped
ut of the Black Hole prison were Irish. We
vant a complete annotated list of the
3 survivors, and it is to be hoped that the
many correspondents of ' N. & Q.' will be
able in time to supply this deficiency.
WM. JACKSON TIGOTT.
Has COL. PBIDEAUX seen the pamphlet by
Mr. S. C. Hill containing a list of all the
Europeans in the English factories in Bengal
n June, 1756 ? Beside J. Z. Holwell there
was possibly a Richard Holwell, but Mr.
ilill is not certain. There was no Bowes
Walcot ; only Edward. I think Mr. Hill's
nvestigatioii is the latest.
FBANK PENNY.
Mr. Phillimore mentions that the arms of
Holwell are marshalled by the family of
Money-Kyrle. R. J. FYNMOBE.
KNOTS IN HANDKEBCHIEFS : INDIAN
CUSTOM (11 S. ii. 506; iii. 35, 97). I pre-
sume the " knotting " was to assist memory.
If so, many very pious Hebrews abroad and
in this country practise it. In this way,
"nefas est," to carry anything on the
Sabbath (otherwise than subconsciously of
course, like one's clothing, for example),
such as an umbrella : so handkerchiefs or
bandannas" are converted into girdles, the
loose ends of which would come in handy for
" knotting " into " memory-reminders." I
have seen pious scholars do it in order to
remind them to look up some " knotty "
point. M. L. R. BBESLAB.
WILLIAM ELMHAM (11 S. iii. 87). It
appears from Blomefield's * History of
Norfolk,' passim, that Sir William Elmham,
knight, justice of peace for the counties
of Norfolk and Suffolk, was the son of Henry
Elmham of Elmham and Frenge, Norfolk,
and Elizabeth his wife, that he was patron
of the rectories of Bowthorpe and Coltishall,
both in Norfolk, and lord of the manors of
Ingoldsthorpe and Frenge, Norfolk, and of
the Manor of Westhorpe, Suffolk ; that his
town house in Norwich was afterwards
known as Skipwith's Place from its owner
in the reigns of Henry VI. and Edward IV. ;
that he took part with Henry Despenser,
Bishop of Norwich, in the campaign against
the adherents of the Anti-Pope Clement VII.,
ii s. in. MAR. 11, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
193
landing at Calais, 23 April, 1582 ; that
later he was imprisoned in the Tower on
suspicion of having betrayed Gravelines
to the French ; that he was again imprisoned
with the Bishop of Norwich in 1398 ; that he
died in 1403 (will dated 2 April) without
male issue, leaving a widow Elizabeth ;
and that both he and his widow who died
in 1419, were buried in a chapel of the Abbey
of Bury St. Edmunds.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
See Sir N. Harris Nicolas' s History of the
Royal Navy, vol. ii., text, and appendix.
R. B.
UptOD.
SCOTTISH TITLES CONFERRED BY OLIVER
CROMWELL (11 S. iii. 88). Archibald John-
stone of Warriston was one of those appointed
by Cromwell to his Upper House, and re-
ceived the title of Lord Warriston. Argyll
had been craated Marquess by Charles I.
He received no title from Cromwell. His
status as Sheriff of Argyllshire was confirmed
by the Commonwealth. I may say that
though he did not sit in any of Oliver's
parliaments, he was Member for Aberdeen-
shire in the Parliament of Richard Crom-
well. JOHN WILLCOCK.
Lerwick.
Sir Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston,
was called by Cromwell to his House of
Peers (January, 1658), and was also sum-
moned to Richard Cromwell's House of
Lords. I cannot find that Argyll was ever
one of Cromwell's Peers.
A. R. BAYLEY.
VANISHING LONDON : PROPRIETARY
CHAPELS (US. ii. 202, 254, 293, 334; iii.
149). At the last reference, under "Chapels
pulled down or diverted," MR. FRANCIS
mentions St. Etheldreda, Ely Place. Ac-
cording to ' The Catholic Directory,' this
chapel was built in 1297, and reopened as a
place of Roman Catholic worship in 1876.
It belongs to the Fathers of Charity, other-
wise known as Rosminians. Ward, Lock
& Co.'s ' London,' 1910, at pp. 228-9, says:
" Hatton Garden . . . .and Ely Place . . . . , stand
on the site of the famous palace of the Bishop of
Ely, where John of Gaunt died in 1399.
Says Gloucester in ' Richard III.' :
' My lord of Ely, when I was last in Holborn,
I saw good strawberries in your garden there ;
I do beseech you send for some of them.'
" Later the palace was occupied by Sir Christo-
pher Hatton, Lord Keeper to Queen Elizabeth ....
The only portion of the palace which escaped
the Fire has recently been restored, and now
forms St. Etheldreda's Church, Ely Place, the
only pre-Reformation church in London that
has been restored to the Roman Catholic worship.
The tracery of the east and west windows, the
former filled with fine stained glass, the oak roof,
the crypt, and the cloister in which fig-trees still
flourish, make this quiet nook, in the heart of the
great city, a place of exceptional interest."
So we may be thankful that " Vanishing
London " is a misleading heading, so far as
St. Etheldreda's is concerned.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
COURT LIFE (11 S. iii. 107, 156). A very
useful work on this subject was published by
William Strange of 21, Paternoster Row in
1848. Its title is fully indicative of the
contents :
" Sketches of Her Majesty's Household :
Interspersed with Historical Notes, Political
Comments, and Critical Remarks, showing at one
view, the salaries attached to the various appoint-
ments, the nature and extent of the duties to be
performed, the amount of Pensions upon Retire-
ment or Superannuation, with descriptive
particulars of each Department : Forming a
Guide to Situations in the Sovereign's Domestic
Establishment. By pointing out in whom the
Patronage is vested, &c., and containing informa-
tion relative to the English Court, interesting
to all classes, derived from Private and High
official Sources."
It is less historical than Thorn's ' Book
of the Court ' and more critical, but certainly
not scandalous. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
HENRY GATAKER (11 S. ii. 409 ; iii. 132).
I have found, since sending my last reply
to a query about one Gataker that Henry
Gataker got third place at entrance in
Trinity College, Dublin, on 6 July, 1796.
He entered as a pensioner ; had been edu-
cated at Westminster School, and took as
his tutor Mr. Magee, F.T.C.D. (1766-1831),
afterwards Archbishop of Dublin. His
father's name was Thomas, and he was
probably a clergyman (there is a blot on the
entrance register), who belonged to the
County Louth. Henry Gataker did not
proceed to his degree.
P. A. MCELWAINE.
Dublin.
WARWICK LANE AND ITS HISTORICAL
ASSOCIATIONS (11 S. iii. 121). Possibly
COL. PRIDEAUX may be glad to know on
high authority that, when Warwick the King-
maker died on the field of battle at Barnet,
he errs in saying that " all the honours and
possessions of the Nevills fell into the
hands of the ill-fated Clarence."
As a matter of fact there still exists a
deed of partition of the copyholders of the
Marquis Montague and Isabella Ingaldethorp
194
NOTES AND QUERIES. tn s. in. MAE. n, 1911
his wife dated 9 July, 17 Henry VII.,
daughter of Sir Edmund Ingaldethorp, and
coheir of John, Earl Worcester.
By this deed over forty manors in various
parts of England devolved on Lady Isabella
Nevill, a daughter of Montague, who married
the ancestor of the present owner of one of
these manors in 2 Henry VII. This Mon-
tague was the brother of Richard, Earl of
Warwick, called the Kingmaker, and both
were killed in the battle of Barnet, where
a high stone pillar records the memory of
the fatal event. WILLIAM MERGER.
PHYSICIAN'S CANE (11 S. iii. 168). The
following is from Jeaffreson's v A Book about
Doctors,' 1861, p. 2 :
" The physician's cane is a very ancient part
of his insignia. It is now disused, but up to very
recent times no doctor of medicine presumed to
pay a professional visit, or even to be seen in
public, without this mystic wand. Long as a
footman's stick, smooth and varnished, with a
heavy gold knob or cross-bar at the top
a physician's wand ought to have a knob at the
top. This knob in the olden times was hollow,
and contained a vinaigrette, which the man of
science ahvays held to his nose, when he
approached a sick person, so that its fumes might
protect him from the noxious exhalations of 'his
patient."
R. J. FYNMORE.
Sandgate.
"TEAPOY": " CELLARETTE " (11 S. iii.
149). Referring to the Editorial note, may
I say that Yule does not state that " teapoy "
is a corruption of the Persian sipai, tripos,
but a Hindustani, or perhaps rather an Anglo-
Hindustani word of hybrid etymology,
from Hind, tin, three, and Pers. pde, a foot.
Hs adds that the legitimate word from the
Persian is sipdl (properly slhpdya] and the
legitimate Hindi word tirpad or tripad, but
tipai or tepoy was probably originated by
some European in analogy with the familiar
" charpoy " (Pers. chitar-pai, four feet), a
bedstead, possibly from a desire to avoid
confusion with another very familiar word,
sepoy. W. 'F. PRIDEAUX.
. The word " tea-poy " is 'the Sanscrit
tin-paya colloquially pronounced by an
English tongue (compare " sepoy " for
sipahi). The meaning of the word is
'* tripod." By dint of use it became especi-
ally associated with a three-legged stand to
carry a tea equipage in India, where tea
was drunk by the English residents long
before it became domesticated in England.
The date of its first appearance in this
country is uncertain, but it was probably
introduced by Anglo-Indians prior to 1650,
and with it came the fashion of the " tea-
poy." The earliest public notice of tea,
I think, appeared in the Mercurius Politicus
in 1658 as follows :
"That excellent, and by all Physitians,
approved, China Drink, called by the Chineans,
Teba, by other Nations, Tay alias Tee, is sold
at the Sultaness-Head a Cophee-house in Sweet-
ing's Rents by the Royal Exchange, London."
H. D. ELLIS.
7, Roland Gardens, S.W.
MOVING PICTURES TO CINEMATOGRAPHS
(11 S. ii. 502, 537 ; iii. 56, 155). The follow-
ing notices of panoramic views are suffi-
ciently noteworthy to be added to those
already given. In or about 1794 Thomas
Girton, a painter, produced a semicircular
view of London, taken from the top of the
Albion Mills, near Blackfriars Bridge, south
side. In 1830 L. Mazzara exhibited a
panoramic view of Alexandria. He also
executed fifty splendid views forming a
continued line from the castle of Dover to
the point of Reculver, showing the coast of
the county of Kent, as well as the inland of
the island of Thanet. After this he illus-
trated ' ' the most splendid town in the
world," in one continued line of views from
the mouth of the Thames to Richmond Hill.
These were executed on a new system of
perspective founded on circular lines as
set forth in a pamphlet published by him,
entitled Perspective, explained upon the
System of Tangenteography, and the Effect
as produced in the Tangenteorama,' 1834.
TOM JONES.
ROEITES or CALVERTON (11 S. iii. 9).
Throsby, in his additions to Thoro ton's
' History of Nottinghamshire,' says that in
1793 there were two dissenting meeting-
houses in Calverton,
" one of 'which has a famous pastor John Roe,
who it is said bid defiance to the discipline of the
established church, respecting matrknony. Two
of his female followers have suffered a long im-
prisonment in Nottingham jail in consequence.
One I believe was his wife in his own way ! "
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
COUNT OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
(11 S. ii. 509 ; iii. 54, 94)A-The late F r
William Humphrey, S.J., in his ' Urbs et
Or bis,' at p. 167, writes as follows :
" Bishops Assistant at the Pontifical Throne
receive at the time of their nomination the title
of Count. This title is also given to laymen
in reward of their services to the Church. These
Counts are properly Counts Palatine, and not
Roman Counts, as they are very often, but in-
accurately, called. They were in ancient times
n s. in. MAR. 11, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
195
Companions (Comites) of the Pope, when h
lived at St. John Lateran, and they composec
his Court. The insignia consist of a gold cros
and chain, and a mantle with embroidered cross
The official title of this dignity is ' Count of th
Apostolic Palace, and of the Court of the
Lateran.' "
It is doubtless either a Count of this kind
or else an hereditary Count of the States o
the Church, who is known to R. W. P.
JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.
REBECCA AND HER DAUGHTERS (11 S. iii
89). May I be permitted to express my
entire concurrence with ST. SWITHIN in
thinking the explanation advanced by Miss
Evans, as to the origin of the " Rebecca '
of the Welsh riots, wholly inadequate
Her explanation brings a comic element
into the narrative, and suggests gatherings
of good-humoured, but mischievous schoo!
boys. Had the riots been grounded on
force, as Miss Evans seems to imply, it is
safe to say that the disturbances would no1
have lasted a week, instead of being continued
over a period of some four years. The
Welsh people were undoubtedly in grim
earnest from the very first outbreak. They
felt themselves wronged, and found in
Scripture, as they believed, an adequate
authority warranting resistance of the
wrong. They had, in fact, a real grievance,
which the Government took care to
remedy with as little delay as possible.
But in any case, there seems no reason why
we should reject such accounts of the genesis
of the Welsh riots as are given in Miss
Marti neau's ' History of the Peace ' or in Mr.
McCarthy's ' Short History of Our Own
Times ' in favour of the theory advanced
by Miss Evans as to their origin.
SCOTUS.
MURDERERS REPRIEVED FOR MARRIAGE
(US. iii. 129, 172). I cannot find that this
was ever a legal right in England, but the
idea is widespread in the folk-lore of many
countries. Numerous references will be
found in F. Liebrecht's ' Zur Volkskunde '
alte und neue Aufsatze, Heilbronn, 1879,
pp. 433-4, to similar beliefs in France,
Germany, Italy, Hungary, Spain. In some
of these it is not a virgin, but a woman of
loose conduct, who is the medium of saving
the man' s life by marriage under the gallows.
Two instances are given in H. Estienne's
' Apologie pour Herodote ' (edited by Ristel-
huber, 1879), vol. i, p. 253-4, and from a
note quoted from Maury,' L'Ancienne Legis-
lation CriminelJe ' (no more exact reference),
it is implied that the custom or right only
applied in the case of " le ravisseur con-
damne a mort et que la fille enlevee con-
sentait a accepter pour mari."
In most of the stories the point of
the story consists in the man refusing
thus to save his life because the woman is
ugly or lame, &c. ; see also 9 S. viii. 419,
where reference in made to the infamous
'' Noyades " of the French Revolution.
I cannot find, however, any reference to this
custom in Allison's ' History of Europe '
in his long account of such " Noyades."
A. COLLINGWOOD LEE.
Waltham Abbey, Essex.
Perhaps this was a " guid Scots " custom.
I cannot connect it with any particular town,
but I bethink me of Meg of Elibank and cite
the following passage from chap. xi. of
Lockhart's ' Life of Sir Walter Scott.' The
poet wrote thus :
" I have some thought of attempting a Border
Ballad in the comic manner but I almost despair
of bringing it out well. A certain Sir William
Scott from whom I am descended was ill-advised
enough to plunder the estate of Sir Gideon Murray
of Elibank, ancestor to the present Lord Elibank.
The marauder was defeated, seized, and brought
in fetters to the castle of Elibank upon the Tweed.
The Lady Murray (agreeably to the custom of all
ladies in ancient tales) was seated on the battle-
ments, and descried the return of her husband
with his prisoner. She immediately inquired
what he meant to do with the young Knight of
Harden, which was the petit litre of Sir William
Scott. ' Hang the robber assuredly,' was the
answer of Sir Gideon. ' What ! ' answered the
ady,' hang the handsome young knight of Harden,
when I have three ill-favoured daughters un-
married ! No, no, Sir Gideon, we'll force him to
narry our Meg.' Now tradition says that Meg
Vlurray was the ugliest woman in the four counties,
and that she was called in the homely dialect of
-he time meikle-mouthed J/e</....Sir Gideon,
ike a good husband and tender father, entered
nto his wife's sentiments, and proffered to Sir
William the alternative of becoming his son-in-
aw or decorating with his carcase the kindly
o-allows of Elibank. The lady was so very ugly
hat Sir William, the handsomest man of his time,
)ositively refused the honour of her hand. Three
ays were allowed him to make up his mind ; and
'i was not until he found one end of a rope made
ist to his neck, and the other knitted to a sturdy
ak bough, that his resolution gave way, and he
referred an ugly wife to the literal noose. It is
vid they were afterwards a very happy couple."
ST. SWITHIN.
SAMUEL BYBOM (US. iii. 168). In the
' Private Journal and Literary Remains
of John Byrom,' edited by Canon R. Parkin-
son for the Chetham Society, there are
frequent references to the sad condition to
which " Beau Byrom " had reduced himself.
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
196
NOTES AND QUERIES. rn s. m. MAR. n, 1911.
The ' D.N.B.' (viii. 129), under John
Byrom, poet and stenographer, says :
" The Byroms of Manchester were a younger
branch of the Byroms of Salford, themselves a
younger branch of the Byroms of Byrom [of that
Ilk, as would be said in Scotland]. The last
representative of the parent stem was Samuel,
commonly called ' Beau Byrom,' a spendthrift,
who sold his estates (some of which were bought by
John Byrom's father and uncle), got into the
Fleet prison, and there published (in 1729) an
' Irrefragable argument,' &c. It was sold for
the benefit of the author, and was, in reality,
a covert appeal for charity. The ' beau ' got out
of prison, and John Byrom helped him to obtain
support."
A. R. BAYLEY.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S.
iii. 48). -The last item wanted is the final
verse in a little song entitled ' God's Garden,'
written by D. F. Gurney. The first verse
begins
The Lord God planted a garden
In the first white days of the world.
The music is by Frank Lambert, and the
song was probably published about ten
years ago by Chappell & Co., London.
A. H. ARKLE.
KEATS, HAMPSTEAD, AND SIR C. W.
DILKE (11 S.iii. 145, 176). Sir Charles Dilke
promised the Keats relics to the Chief
Public Library at Hampstead : and there
is no question of these going to any Branch
Library or to the British Museum.
H. K. H.
[MB. M. L. R. BBESLAB also thanked for reply.]
BENJAMIN GARLIKE (11 S. iii. 88). Ben-
jamin Garlike was admitted to the honorary
degree of Doctor in Civil Law, on Friday,
6 July, 1810, at Oxford.
F. M. R. HOLWORTHY.
* Memoirs of the late Benjamin Garlike,
Esq.,' will be found in The Gentleman's
Magazine for June, 1815, pp. 564-5. The
London Magazine might also be consulted
at the British Museum Library.
LIONEJ, SCHANK.
MEW OR ME WES FAMILIES (US. iii. 105).
Benjamin Hannam of Caundle Purse, who
was brother of James Hannam, in his will,
dated 17 August, proved P.C.C. (37 Darcy)
4 November, 1581, mentions William Mew
as his brother's " servant," to whom he had
entrusted an inventory of the residue of his
goods. If this William Mew is to be iden-
tified with the Middle Templar admitted in
1598 as fourth son of Peter Mew of Caundle
Purse, deceased, he must have joined the
Inn at an unusually late age, and his father
was possibly the Peter Mewes who married
Jane, daughter of John Buckler. According
to Mr. Buckler's ' Bucleriana ' (p. 1, citing
the registers of St. Margaret, Westminster),
this John Buckler died in 1540.
FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.
There is a pedigree of the descendants
(not the ancestors) of Ellis Mews, the father
of the Cavalier bishop, in Wilson's * Parish
of St. Laurence Pountney,' p. 249. This
pedigree seems to some extent to lack veri-
fication.
The register of St. Andrew's, Holborn
(not published), contains the following
marriages :
1589. June 17. Thomas Mew and Joan
Castell.
1597. July 9. Thomas Mew and Anne
Egleton.
The register of Long Sutton, Somerset
(published in Mr. Phillimore's series), con-
tains the following :
1601. June 11. William Meawe and Eleanor
Gardiner, both of Upton.
1616. April 12. John Cox and Christian Mew.
1627. Oct. 29. John Wilmouth and Alice
Mew.
ALFRED SYDNEY LEWIS.
Library, Constitutional Club, W.C.
AMERICAN WORDS AND PHRASES (11 S.
iii. 48, 172). Stifel. The reference, no
doubt, is to the stifle (perhaps connected
with " stiff "), which is " the joint of a horse
or other animal next to the buttock, and
corresponding to the knee in man." When
a strain or other accident affects the stifle,
it seriously disables a horse, and may
permanently depreciate its value. See Halli-
well, * Archaic Dictionary,' s.v. * Stime.'
Stocking feet. Whether it is peculiarly
Scottish or not, this expression certainly
occurs in Scotland. Among the peasantry
stocking feet are sometimes used as a sub-
stitute for over-shoes, and they may even be
worn when there are no shoes at all.
THOMAS BAYNE.
Stocking feet. This saying is in common
use all over England. I have known it in
Yorkshire for nearly sixty years. Thackeray
says it is Sc9ttish ; see 3 S. ix. 118, 267, 336,
378. Many instances are given in ' E.D.D.,'
v. 776. W. C. B.
Stocking feet. This is quite usual in the
border counties. You "go to bed in your
stocking feet " if you leave your shoes
downstairs at night, formerly a general
n s. in. MAR. 11, MI.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
197
habit. It is also a joke to tell an olde
brother or sister they " will have to dance
in their stocking feet " at a wedding of
junior member of the family. M. N.
Read out. Is not this probably traceable
to a Stock Exchange phrase, formerly
perhaps still, existent, meaning to try t(
ascertain by the expression of a man'
features what his intentions are ? The man
consequently, of a political party who hac
been "read out" would be " outed." He
was excommunicated. In North Yorkshire
such a person is "read out o' t'chotch,'
i.e., the church. In Hunt's 'Popular
Romances of the West of England,' " He
left the * people ' that he mightn't be reac
out." Also as regards the provincial pro
nunciationof " church," "t'chotchwardner '
(i.e., the churchwarden), in North Yorkshire
counts the money collected at the offertory.
Squab-boat would, I think, bs an awkwardly
built sailing vessel, of which some skippers
would not be proud.
A stifel may have been a horse-name for
the carrying capacity of a packhorse, but
whether the word be of Dutch or German
origin I am unable to say. The provincial
English stive, to stuff, from the Old French
estiver, says Dr. Skeat, means to pack tight,
and from the same root with stifle, sixteenth-
century Scandinavian from Icelandic stifla,
to dam up, choke. Possibly a stifel horse
was one that had its legbone put out or the
joint much hurt. The " stifle joint " was
known as the first joint of a horse, and
bending next the buttock and over the thigh.
Stocking feet. This is by no means an
exclusively Scottish expression as examples
of its use in the 'E.D.D.'will show: "He
pulled off his boots and slipped away in his
stocking feet " (Keith, * Bonnie Lady,' 1897,
114). When a younger sister marries first,
in the North of England, it is jocularly
said to the elder ones, " Ala, now you will
have to dance in your stocking feet " (3 S ix.
336) ; " Desin, thoo knas, war in his stockin'
feet" (Robison, * Aald Taales,' 1882).
This was in Cumberland, and the expression
appears to have been originally a north of
England one rather than Scotch, and pre-
valent in Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, North-
umberland, Berwick, Perthshire, and Lin-
colnshire.
Toe the mark. Would not this be a phrase
descending to us from the days of archery ?
I do not, however, find any instance of its
use at this earlier period. To toe the line,
scratch, or mark is nowadays to begin or
resume a task or undertaking, as a race, a
fight, in which competitors are obliged to
keep within, or go no further than a chalk
mark. Hence, colloquially, to stand up to
one's obligation or duty. To " face the
music " is a phrase of similar meaning.
Tunket. Perhaps this was " as cold as a
Tonquin (Chinese) pig." Such a small, short-
legged, fat pig of the Chinese build, or any
small pig with an upturned snout, was known
in Northamptonshire, Notts, Lines, and
Leicestershire as a " tunkey," " tunky,"
or " tonkey " pig.
Tussey boys. " Tussey " is an obsolete
word (West Yorkshire) for a low, drunken
person ('E.D.D.').
Whitehead. Would this be a White Cap,
a self-constituted regulator and corrector of
morals in the United States from 1889 to
1890 ?
Whitewash. I do not know whether it is
so now, but any one who formerly passed
through the bankruptcy court was said to
have been whitewashed. There was, how-
ever, another sense, American, in which
the term was used, which will be found
in Barrere and LslancV's ' Dictionary of
Slang,' 1897.
York waggon. The York waggons from
York to London were familiar to seventeenth-
century travellers. Possibly the New York
people also used them.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
[ScoTcrs and T.F.D. also thanked for replies.]
NEWENHAM ABBEY, DEVON (11 S. iii. 70,
110). Further information about the regis-
ters of this abbey will be found in ' The
History of Newenham Abbey, 1 by James
Davidson, 1843, which, if J. K. F. has not
seen it, I shall be happy to lend him.
E. A. FRY.
227, Strand, W.C.
NAPOLEON PRINT (11 S. ii. 390).-
tfapoleon was appointed General in Chief
of the Armies of Italy in February, 1796.
The drawing referred to was probably exe-
cuted in Paris before he set out to assume
he command. It is likely to have been made
>y the celebrated painter David. Napoleon
was 28 years old in 1796. W. S. S.
JOHN HUDSON (11 S. iii. 9). In the ' Post
Office Directory ' of 1820 the name of
' John Hudson, Paper-hanger & Print -
eller," appears at 85, Cheapside.
198
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. MAR. n, ion.
Dumfries and Galloway Notes and Queries, Part I.,
Series I. (Dumfries, Courier and Herald
Office.)
IN September, 1909, the editor of the Dumfries
and Galloway Courier and Herald arranged for a
discussion of local matters in the form of notes
and queries, and his scheme straightway de-
veloped into a very popular and substantial
feature of his journal. After a year's experience,
the publishers are justified in their conclusion
that the contributions thus secured constitute an
agreeable miscellany which fully merits separate
publication. The working plan is practically
that of ' N. & Q.,' although occasionally what
is substantially a lecture on a native theme takes
the place of the standard "note." Political
and literary history, genealogy, place-names,
folk-lore, and so forth, are treated luminously
and well, many of the discussions having not only
local value, but also general importance. The
writers are not always exhaustive in stating
references. One, for instance, has a note on
Burns's ' Lines Written on the Back of a Bank-
No te,' and quotes the verses as if he gave them for
the first time. He should have said that they
appeared in The Morning Chronicle and The Edin-
burgh Magazine in 1814, and were afterwards in-
cluded in complete editions of the author's works.
Another contributor writes on Helen Walker,
the prototype of " Jeanie Deans," and, while
admitting that the significant part of his com-
munication " has been published before,"
omits to state that it is a slightly revised version
of the narrative prefixed by Scott in 1830 to
' The Heart of Mid-Lothian.'
A Book of Light Verse. Edited with Notes by
B. M. Leonard. (Frowde.)
WE noticed with pleasure the author's ' Pageant
of English Poetry.' The present collection, which
is available in several elegant bindings and in
each case at a moderate price, is similarly com-
prehensive, and we share the verdict of a judicious
friend, who is also an old reviewer, that it is
likely to prove a source of perpetual pleasure.
The " musa jocosa " of the past has not been
overdone of late years, and Locker-Lampson's
' Lyra Elegantiarum,' on which this volume
largely relies, is the best of foundations. Al-
together, there is abundance of matter both
familiar and known to but few. No living writers
are included, but the harvest of the past is rich
enough to occupy many a fireside evening. The
.notes explain obscurities, and supply some lite-
rary judgments of interest, though these are in
some cases rather examples of prejudice than fair
criticism. A list of authors and an Index of
First Lines are given conveniences that ought
to be always added to such collections as this.
Fragrance Among Old Volumes. By Basil
Anderton. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.)
THE papers which Mr. Anderton has here re-
printed from some of the minor magazines in
which they first appeared are of slight texture,
and we cannot take them so seriously as the
author does. Indeed, we find it difficult to dis-
cover their raison d'etre, as they hardly possess the
charm of style which would atone for the flimsi-
ness of their matter ; and we doubt if they will
be of interest to many outside the circle of the
author's friends. There are some good reproduc-
tions of old cuts, by Bewick and others, but
otherwise the illustrations are amateurish. The
example of " early Church poetry " quoted from
St. Bernard (p. 85) is really derived from the
Vulgate of Ecclesiasticus xxiv. 29.
The West Riding of Yorkshire has been added
to the " Little Guides " of Messrs. Methuen. All
wise travellers know the value of these guides with
their compact and easily accessible information ;
and for ourselves, we thank Mr. Joseph E. Morris
for his well-illustrated descriptions 'of, and com-
ments on, a country which is full of the beauties
both of art and nature. The Yorkshire dales
should not be missed by any lover of England.
IN The Cornhill for March Canon Vaughan,
whose writing we always read with pleasure, has
an excellent article on* ' The Authorized Version
of the Bible.' He quotes Dr. Scrivener's remark
that " never perhaps has a great enterprise of a
like nature been carried out with less knowledge
handed down to posterity of the labourers, their
method, and manner of working." The revision
occupied two years and nine months, but the
exact date of publication in 1911 is not known.
The Version, especially in the New Testament,
bears " the impress of the genius of Tyndale," and
it is just this greatness of rhythm which, we may
add, the Revised Version utterly misses. Canon
Vaughan reproduces various tributes to the in-
comparable book and quotes from Prof. Cook,
without giving the source of the passage, the
' Cambridge History of English Literature,'
usages which have become part of the ordinary
speech of the people, and are not generally recog-
nized as biblical. Mr. A. C. Benson has an
admirable subject in ' Professor Newton,' who
was described by a friend of his as having " all the
characteristics of John Bull." The Professor wore
the oldest clothes ; insisted on verifying his
references ; would not have a single lady in the
College Chapel ; objected strongly to the intro-
duction of an organ ; and left strict injunctions
that there was to be no music at his own funeral.
He loved to have his way, and generally got it,
dominating the small society of Magdalene
College. He was useful, Mr. Benson indicates,
as a drag on hasty changes and sentimental
theories. ' The Subaltern ' has a lively account of
life in the Persian Gulf and Busra, and Mr. G. M.
Trevelyan affords new light on Garibaldi as com-
mander of the forces of Montevideo in South
America. This information comes from the
papers of Sir William Gore Ouseley, a diplomat
who was sent on a special mission to Montevideo.
This authority says that a brave, worthy, and
upright man has been misrepresented by contin-
ental enemies. Garibaldi came to see him late at
night in a Poncho, for he was busy all day pre-
paring orders, maps, &c., and could not afford to
purchase lights for his own use. The Poncho con-
cealed the dilapidated state of his clothes, for
he did not get his proper pay, and declined the
title of General and the rewards offered by the
Montevidean Government, as Mazzini explains
in a letter here quoted, probably of 1846. Mazzirii's
hopes of future eminence for Garibaldi were fully
realized.
n s. m. MA*. 11, mi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
199
The Literary Paper this month is on Lewis
Carroll. The previous one of Browning has, it
appears, been answered correctly by six people.
We are not surprised, and think it would be well
to have a certain amount of questions which
demand critical ability rather than the mere
knowledge of facts and references which assiduous
search can secure.
IN The Nineteenth Century, as in many other of
the magazines, there are articles ' For and
Against the Declaration of London.' Mr. Noel
liuxton has an interesting account of ' Young
Turkey after Two Years,' and is able to find solid
advance in civilization of various kinds as the
result of the new rule. An important point for
the foreigner is that " freedom of travel is
immensely enlarged." The Vice -Provost of
Eton, considering ' The Position of the Laity in
the Church of England,' would have them hold
a stronger position in parishes as a check on
autocratic clergy. But we doubt very much if
the ordinary layman of the English Church is keen
enough to belong to a board or select vestry
which holds frequent meetings. It is this apathy
which renders desirable plans inoperative. ' The
Censor, and other Tales,' by Dr. Max Meyerfeld,
exposes once more, from a foreign point of
view, the futility and stupidity of the present
Practice of licensing pieces for the stage. Dr.
oseph Jastrow writes interestingly on ' The Will
to believe in the Supernatural,' and Sir Bay
Lankester as militantly as usual on ' Compulsory
Science versus Compulsory Greek.' This last
article would gain by a more moderate tone.
It is full of " question -begging " epithets and
phrases. ' Yeoman Hopkins : One Asset in
our Armour,' by Major-General Sir W. G. Knox,
gives an account of the sort of thing expected from
a raw young farmer turned Territorial, and inci-
dentally touches on the dangers of invasion of
this country. An elegant article in French on
' Charles Baudelaire et FEsth^tique de la Deca-
dence ' is by M. Andre Beaunier.
IN The Fortnightly, after some political articles,
we come on ' Christina Rossetti,' by Mr. F. M.
Hueffer, who writes with just appreciation of the
powers of that remarkable poetess. He says that
he told her of a very strong feeling that after
Tennyson's death she should become Laureate.
Mr. Hueffer abuses Ruskin roundly, and we
trace here, as elsewhere in his writing, a bitter-
ness which is unpleasing. Mr. Filson Young has
an elaborate article on ' The Musician as Com-
poser,' which should attract attention. We
cannot, however, accept his division of music
into "vertical" and " horizontal," which seems to
us fanciful, and also to ignore the scientific
principles of sound as developed, for instance, by
Helmholtz. His summary of the sorts of modern
music as musical translations of literary ideas,
" absolute " music, and musical hypnotics, seems
much more effective. ' Some Criticisms on the
< 'ollection of Income Tax ' is well worth study, for
Mr. A. M. Latter shows that officials deliberately
claim more than they have a right to by law, and
arc otherwise prejudiced against the taxpayer
who has not a chance of being heard and judged
by an impartial authority. Mr. G. C. Nuttall on
' Eugenics and Genetics ' writes very good sense :
unfortunately, it is sense that has not yet reached
tin? ear of the general public, which is hardly
encouraged by seeing the excesses of those who
should know better. Doctors and teachers of
science, men of light and learning, are not de-
terred from forming unsuitable unions. Mr. T. A.
Cook has an interesting account of ' The Develop-
ment of Swordsmanship ' among Englishmen,
while Miss Elizabeth Robins is enthusiastic in
' A New Art of Travel ' about two books by Miss
Gertrude'JL. Bell. We share the enthusiasm, though
we see no advantage in Miss Robins 's fantastic
staccato style. Mr. Francis Gribble is very enter-
taining in his account of ' The Theatre Franc,ais
in the 'Fifties,' run by ArseneHoussaye, appointed
by his friend Rachel in spite of the protests of
comedians. Further interesting articles in a well-
varied number are ' Bjornstjerne Bjornson,' by
Mr. Robert Machray ; ' How Primitive Round
Houses became Square and Oblong,' by Mr. W.
Shaw Sparrow, and ' Memories of Fort Chabrol,'
by Mr. J. F. Macdonald, to whom the Sidney
Street affray has suggested a record of the defence
by Jules Gu^rin of his massive house as an Anti-
Semite protest. The siege actually lasted thirty-
seven days in 1899.
IN * The National Review, ' Episodes of the
Month ' are treated with the usual vigour of
expression, and a " Unionist Free Trader " pro-
ceeds to find holes in ' A Democratic House of
Commons, 1906-1910.' Mr. Austin Dobson, has
one of his elegant and informative articles on
' Eighteenth-Century Stowe,' and Miss H. Rein-
herz discovers that ' The Girl Graduate in
Fiction ' has been inadequately pictured. So
has the man graduate, and the reasons are not
far to seek. Mr. H. C. Biron has a commendation
of ' The Genius of Mr. Thackeray,' in which he
deprecates the views of some modern critics.
His article is well phrased, but we should hardly
call it critical. It is rather the pleasant exposi-
tion of an old admirer who does not care to
analyze his faith. Mr. D. C. Lathbury in ' Ele-
mentary Education ' puts some questions which
seem to us much to the point.
Ix The Burlington Magazine the Editorial
articles deal with ' Recent Appointments ' and the
announcement of the authorities of the Bedford
General Library that they intend to sell, for purely
pecuniary reasons, Bunyan's copy, in three
volumes, of Foxe's ' Martyrs,' used by him in
Bedford Gaol. It is pointed out that these volumes
were purchased in 1841 by public subscription and
presented to the Bedford Library, and we agree
in thinking it " astounding " that public
property of the sort should be put on the market.
Mr. Roger Fry ' On a Profile Portrait of Baldo-
vinetti,' shows his admirable powers of connoisseur-
ship, while Sir Martin Con way has an interesting
and well illustrated article on ' Diirer and the
Housebook Master.' The drawings considered
are of special moment as belonging to the period
of Diirer's Wandcrjahre. Mr. F. W. Hasluck's
' Genoese Lintel-Reliefs in Chios ' and Dr. C. H.
Read's 'Plato's "Atlantis" Rediscovered' are
both also well illustrated. The latter refers to the
discoveries of a German traveller, Dr. Frobenius, in
Ife, the sacred capital of the Yoruba country,
in the English colony of Southern Nigeria. The
sacred heads figured are of interest, and seem to
indicate a technique beyond the negro ; but the
article offers little to justify its title, which is
due, apparently, to the German explorer. Herr
Perzynski continues his noteworthy articles
200
NOTES AND QUEEIES. m s. m. MAR. n, wn.
' Towards a Grouping of Chinese Porcelain,' and
there is a fascinating page of illustrations of ' Old
Marcasite Jewellery ' discussed by Mr. Dudley
Falcke. The name indicates a mineral which is
really pyrite. The reviews in the number, as
usual, are well worth attention.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. MARCH.
MR. P. M. BARNARD'S new Tunbridge Wells
Catalogue contains autographs, manuscripts, and
documents, and includes a long. list of require-
ments for the stable of Charles I. when Prince of
Wales, 4Z. 4s. ; an interesting document by Sir
Philip Sidney, 15L 15s. ; and a collection of MSS.
of the Marquis Wellesley, 101. 10s. Under Words-
worth is an unpublished sonnet, also 101. 10s. A
division of the Catalogue is devoted to documents
arranged topographically. Under Staffordshire
is a Psalter, with a Kalendar (some leaves
wanting), bound in modern black morocco, 281.
Under John Evelyn is a collection of autographs
of people mentioned in the Diary, 61. 10*. A
list of the names will be sent on application.
Under Louis XIV. is an apparently contemporary
MS. account of the reign, 1643 to 1650, 31. 3s.
There is a copy of ' Epicteti Stoici Philosophi
Enchiridion,' 1670, which belonged to Isaac
Watts, with notes by him, 2,1. 2s. The items in the
Catalogue number 344, and are all fully described.
Mr. Bertram Dobell has in his Catalogue 193
some choice autograph letters, including those of
Dickens, Hood, Mrs. Fitzherbert (" Perdita "),
Sheridan, Tennyson, and Horace Walpole.
Among first editions are * Peregrine Pickle,'
5Z. 10s. ; Lamb's Album verses, 31. 3s. ; Massin-
ger's ' Fatal Dowry,' 61. 10s. ; Walton's Life of
George Herbert, 4L 4*. ; Washbourne's ' Divine
Poems,' 51. 5*. ; ' Poems by Ellis and Acton Bell,'
Smith & Elder, 1846, 11. 5s. ; ' Tristram Shandy '
(Vols. I. and II., second edition ; Vols. III. to IX.
first edition, with the author's signature in Vols.
V., VII., and IX.); 'A Sentimental Journey,'
second edition ; and Letters, first edition, to-
gether 14 vols., 45Z. The general portion contains
works under America, Cruikshank, Drama, and
Folk-lore. Under Juvenile are books with quaint
woodcuts, 1806-32 ; and under Shelley is the
first edition of ' A Six Weeks' Tour,' Hookham,
1817, 21. 5s. The Catalogue closes with Foreign
Books.
Messrs. Andrew Iredale & Son's Torquay
Catalogue 79 contains the first edition of ' Shirley,'
3 vols., original cloth, 51. 5s. Under Charles I.
is ' Eikon E'piste,' printed in 1649, in answer to
4 Eikon Alethine ' ; there are also in the same
volume ' Lingua Testium,' 1651, and other
pieces, small 4to, 51. 5s. There are first editions
under Coleridge. A choice copy of Dibdin's
' Bibliotheca Spenceriana,' 4 vols., 1814-23, green
morocco, is 61. 6s. ; his ' Tour in France,' is also
61. 6s. A presentation copy of Dugdale's
' Warwickshire,' russia by Riviere, is 10Z. Under
Grangerized is Granger's ' Biographical History,'
extended to 13 vols. by the insertion of a thousand
portraits, 121. 10s. The first edition of ' Wood-
stock ' may be had for a sovereign. A large-paper
copy of Nash's ' Worcestershire,' 2 vols., folio,
1781-99, calf, is 10Z. There is a considerable
section devoted to Religion and History of
Religion.
Mr. Alexander W. Macphail's Edinburgh
Catalogue 106 contains Austin Dobson's edition
of Hogarth, 2 vols., imp. 4to., 4Z. 10s. ; Leigh
Hunt's W 7 orks, 7 vols., half-calf, 11. Is. ; Lanier's
' Shakspere and his Forerunners,' 2 vols., large
royal 8vo, with portfolio, 21. 2s. (Edition de Luxe,
only 102 printed, of which 10 were for England,
the remainder for the United States) ; and
Scott's novels, 25 vols., new half-calf, A. & C.
Black, 1897, 4Z. 4s. A " Breeches " Bible, 1611,
Barker's Concordance, a Prayer Book circa 1640,
and the Psalms in metre, the whole in one volume,
small 4to, are priced 11. 10s. There is a list under
Glasgow. A presentation copy of Ruskin's
lecture on war, privately printed, 1866, is a
guinea, and a relic of the past in the shape of an
antique tea-caddy, mahogany inlaid, with horn
cup for measuring, circa 1750-75, is 11. 15s.
Mr. W. M. Murphy's Liverpool Catalogue 102
contains Drayton s ' Polyolbion,' a fine clean
copy, 1622, 121. 12s. Lists will be found under
America, Art, Chap-books, Coloured Plates, and
Costumes. Under Dickens is the first edition of
' Nickleby,' 21. 10s. Under Drama is Doran's
' Their Majesties' Servants,' 2 vols., half -calf,
1864, 11. 8s. Under French Illustrations is
D'Aussy's ' Fables et Romans,' extra illustrated,
5 vols., 21. 10s. Under Leigh Hunt is The London
Journal, 2 vols. in 1, 10s. 6d. There are works
under Lancashire. The Edition de Luxe of
Menpes's ' The World's Children,' in addition to
the beautifully coloured plates, has a signed
water-colour, 1903, 31. 3s. The Somers Tracts,
13 vols., 4to, 1809-15, are 31. 10s. Under Surrey
is Brayley and Britton's work, 5 vols. in 10, 1850,
2/. 10s. Under Yorkshire will be found Whittaker,
Halfpenny, and other well-known names.
[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]
to
ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
WE beg leave to state that we decline to return
communications which, for any reason, we do not
pritit, and to this rule we can make no exception.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
nor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer arid
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
Eut in parentheses, immediately after the exact
eading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication " Duplicate."
CORRIGENDA P. 173, col. 1, 1. 34, for "sapientes"
read cupientes. P. 179, col. 1, 1. 8, for "T'yd-pt-
cleas " read T'y-p'-deas.
ii s. in. MAK. is, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
201
LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH IS, 1911.
CONTENTS. No. 64.
NOTES : Totell, Sir Antony St. Leger, and John Harington,
201 The Arrest of Louis XVI., 203 Gray's ' Elegy,' 204
Reform of the Calendar, 205 Flood Superstitions"!
f eg s _ White Meats : Wigs : Af ternooning In Black
and White Cadie=Caddie, 206.
QUERIES : Terrace " Secular trees " " Sedulous ape "
"Seekers" Macaulay's Allusions Bedfordshire
Epitaphs : Rev. Robert Smyth Geffery le Bakester de
Loffithe Book Inscriptions' Waverley ' : Departed Hero
and the Sun's Lingering Light, 207 Plaistow and its
Products Sonnets by Rafael Miles Gale Murder on
Gad's Hill in 1661 Early English Bookbindings Battle of
Barnet Dogs on Brasses and Stone Effigies, 208 Double
Dedications Emperor and Painter Thomas Jenner
The Lords Smeaton and Smeaton Family Sir John
Toinlinson Hibbert Sandy Mackaye in ' Alton Locke '
Hertford Street Historic Fires in Ancient Rome H.M.S.
Pactolus Meg Dods and 'The Cook and Housewife's
Manual,' 209.
REPLIES : London Gunsmiths, 210 " Almighty Dollar"
Smallpox and the Stars, 211 Gratious Street=Grace-
church Street Bar " Sinister " Crevequer of Bereford
Lamb, Burton, and Spiera, 212 " Cackling clouts":
" Carpillions " : " Gainshot" : " Suffice " Sweetapple
Surname "Owns" : " Blithering,* 213' A Voice from
the Bush 'Canons, Middlesex, 214-Mansel Family-
Thomas James Thackeray Baptismal Scarf, 215
Pawper or Pauper Bird, 216 William Mears Arnol-
fini Family' Les Arrivants' Litany : Spitting and
Stamping the Feet, 217 Thomas Morris-JonesMother's
Maiden Name as Children's Surname Pitt's Letter on
Superstition, 218.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'The Complete Poems of Emily
Bronte.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
TOTTEL' S 'MISCELLANY,'
SIR ANTONY ST. LEGER, AND SIR
JOHN HARINGTON THE ELDER.
THE reason why so little progress has been
made in discovering the authors and history
of many of the unclaimed poems in Tottel
is not the difficulty of research or want of
material, but lack of interest in the matter.
It seems almost shameful that a piece by
Chaucer should have lain undiscovered in
this collection of songs and sonnets for more
than 350 years, despite the fact that the
book is in almost everybody's hands and
that Chaucer's work is so well known. And
as regards material, there is no lack of it,
for in those old days most people of culture,
especially those about Court, used verse as a
common medium to circulate their thoughts
and opinions of things amongst each other,
with the result that to-day we possess an
enormous mass of the poetry they wrote,
much in print, but still more in manuscript.
It ought not, therefore, to be impossible to
name the authors of poems in Tottel and in
similar miscellanies, especially as names are
sometimes appended to the fugitive pieces
that passed privately from hand to hand,
and that the originals of other posms are to
be found at times in the works of well-known
writers.
I will try to show now that the search for
such authors is sometimes only a surface
matter, as in the case of Chaucer's poem,
and that Tottel is no more to be trusted
than other miscellanies of the same charac-
ter. Tottel' s ascriptions to Surrey are
accepted for gospel, and he would be a hardy
man who would dispute them without over-
whelming evidence of a contrary character.
The strange thing about it all is that the
evidence against Tottel has been available
for more than a hundred years, and has been
passed by because a meddling editor, who
did not know the value of evidence, chose
deliberately to put it in the background as
much as possible, and to substitute for it
matter which he had picked up in odd
corners. But I am anticipating, and will
return to this side of my subject a little
later.
There is no doubt whatever as to the pert
played by Sir Antony St. Leger in Tottel.
He it was who wrote the epitaph on Sir
Thomas Wyatt the Elder, Tottel, p. 228 :
Lo dead he lives, that whilome lived here, &c.
The only strange thing about the matter is
that Dr. Nott and others should print the
epitaph as the composition of Sir Antony
St. Leger, and fail to notice that it appears
amongst the " Uncertain Authors " in
Tottel. There are two versions of this
epitaph, the one printed in the ' Works of
Wyatt,' Aldine Poets, p. 236, reading as
under:
Sir Antonie Sentleger of Sir T. Wyatt.
Thus lieth the dead, that whilome lived here
Among the dead that quick go to the ground ;
Though he be dead, yet doth he quick appear
By immortal fame that death cannot confound
His life for aye, his fame in trump shall sound.
Though he be dead, yet is he thus alive :
No death that life from Wyatt can deprive.
Dr. Nott's version corresponds word for
word with the epitaph printed in Tottel, his
heading only being different :
An Epitaph
on
Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder, the Wise, the
Learned,
and the Good,
By Sir Anthony St. Lieger.
Sir Antony St. Leger, then, takes his place
by the side of Chaucer as one of the authors
202
NOTES AND QUERIES. rn s. in. M AR . i 8 , in.
who had a hand in Tottel. It is interesting
to find that it was to another " Anthony
Sentleger, of Oakham, in Kent, Esq.,"
that Massinger dedicated ' The Unnatural
Combat.' Massinger states that this
Anthony's father, Sir Warham Sentleger,
was " a master, for his pleasure, in poetry,"
and that father and son were generous
patrons of men of his profession.
I turn back now to where I cut myself
short, to deal with the claims of Sir John
Harington the Elder.
In 1804 Thomas Parke edited a new
version of ' Nugse Antiquae,' which had been
compiled from family MSS. by the Rev.
Henry Harington, some twenty years or more
previously. Parke thought he could improve
upon Harington by adding fresh matter
to ' Nugae Antiquae,' and no doubt he did
so ; but his improvements went too far, for
he left out of his edition of the work several
interesting pieces of ancient prose as well as
all poems printed by Harington which he
had traced to Tottel's ' Miscellany.' With-
out staying to examine the headings of
some of these poems, and ignoring altogether
the circumstance that the readings of the
Harington poems differed in many points,
and are in several instances more correct
than those in Tottel, he bundled them
out and took credit to himself for having
performed a very smart piece of work.
Parke' s act was nothing less than a
piece of vandalism, for it turns out that
not only was the old ' Nugae Antiquse '
compiled from MSS. in the handwriting of
the two Sir John Haringtons, but that these
MSS. put Tottel and ' The Paradise of Daintie
Devices ' right where they are wrong ; and,
moreover, they prove that the older Haring-
ton was a poet of no mean order, and the
author of at lea it four of the Tottel poems,
one of which has been given wrongly to the
Earl of Surrey, besides being the writer of a
piece which is paraded in * The Paradise of
Daintie Devices ' above the signature of
Lord Vaux.
When I saw the value of the Harington
evidence, I asked myself, Why has not this
been made use of before ? Why has not
Sir John Harington been added to the
ustof Tottel's authors ? And how do editors
of Surrey's poems reconcile their author's
claim to a poem which Sir John Harington
expressly declared to be his own and written
by him at a certain time and in peculiar
circumstances ? It would seem that
Parke' s ignorant meddling had been but too
successful, and that his edition of * Nugae
Antiquae ' had swamped the Harington
version of the work, for editors of Surrey and
Wyatt ignore ^ the existence of the latter, or
only consult it when it suits their purpose
to do so.
There is a piece in ' The Paradise of
Daintie Devices ' which commences
The life is long, which loathsomely doth last, &c.
The compiler has signed this poem " D. S.,"
and it has been assumed that the
initials belong to Dr. Sands, or Sandys, who
afterwards became Archbishop of York. I
have never seen any proof advanced that
Dr. Sands had written or was capable of
writing verse, and the younger Sir John
Harington, in his ' Additions ' to Bishop
Godwin's ' Catalogue of Bishops,' does not
give the least hint of such a thing, although he
seems to have been intimately acquainted with
his life and with the doings of members of
Dr. Sands's family. He may, however,
have dabbled in poetry in his early days,
though it seems very strange that the young
Sir John Harington does not say so : the
point is that the poem referred to just
previously was not written by anybody
owning the initials "D. S.," but was by Sir
John Harington the Elder. The paternity
of the poem is not open to the least doubt,
for Sir John Harington tells us when he
wrote it, and where. In 'Nugae Antiquse'
it is printed thus :
Elegy wrote in the Tower by John
Haryngton, confined with the Princess
Elizabeth, 1554.
The lyfe is long, which lothsomely clothe last,
&c.
Parke did not know that this poem was
also in Tottel, among the "Uncertain
Authors," and therefore he copied it from
Harington' s book, and enabled me to see at
once that he had been bungling all through.
The Tottel poem occurs in Arber, pp. 129-
130, and contains three stanzas not in
' Nugae Antiquae ' ; and the version of it in
' The Paradise of Daintie Devices ' has the
same number of stanzas as Tottel, although
Tottel and ' Nugae Antiquae ' agree in parts
where both differ from ' The Paradise of
Daintie Devices.' An instance of this is to
be found in the following stanza, which
' England's Parnassus ' copied from Tottel
and ranged under "Death" :
Death is a port, whereby we passe to joy.
Life is a lake, that drowneth all in pain.
Death is so dere, it ceaseth all annoy.
Life is so leude, that all it yeld.es is vayn.
And as by life to bondage man is braught :
Even so likewise by death was fredome wraught.
There are only small differences in the
last two lines of the * Nugae Antiquae ' poem,
ii s. m. MAR. is, 1911.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
203
whereas ' The Paradise of Daintie Devices '
has several verbal changes :
Death is the doore whereby we drawe to joye,
Life is a lake that drowneth all in paine :
Death is so dole it seaseth all awaie. &c.
'England's Parnassus' makes matters
worse by ascribing its quotation to the Earl
of Surrey, thus proving once again how un-
reliable are some of the signatures in these
old anthologies.
This evidence establishes the elder Harmg-
ton's claim to one poem in Tottel's " Un-
certain Authors." CHARLES CRAWFORD.
(To be continued.)
THE ARREST OF LOUIS XVI.
WHEN Louis XVI. was recognized, at
Varennes, in his abortive attempt to escape
into Belgium, Sauce, Attorney of the
Commune (or Maire), drew up a proces
verbal of the arrest, which has been carefully
preserved in the municipal archives, and
previous to 1855 it had been transcribed
by Lamartine only. But in that year
the Rev. G. M. Musgrave was allowed
to take a copy, of which he has given the
condensed substance, "without a single
alteration," in the following translation:
The 23rd of June, 1791, Varennes.
The first Proces Verbal of the arrest of the King and
of the Royal Family at Varennes.
There are scenes in life which the feelings of
men can far more accurately realize than their
thoughts, and the impressions left by which ex-
haust all the conceptions of the most lively
imagination. Of such a nature was the scene of
which this town has just been rendered the
theatre.
On Tuesday, 21st of June, at 11 P.M., the
Attorney-General of the Commune was suddenly
informed by a courier [Drouet] from St. Mene-
hould, that two carriages, which it was found
i i npracticable to detain at Clermont, would shortly
arrive at Varennes, and it was believed that they
contained a charge in trust very precious to
overy French heart. Upon the arrival of these
(.images almost immediately afterwards, the
Attorney-General of the Commune demanded
of the party inside their passports. A passport
\vas handed over to him bearing the signature
of Montmorin, and granted to the Baroness de
Kroff and family, en route to Franckfort.
The night was dark, and the townspeople were
astir ; and the Attorney-General took occasion to
observe to these yet unknown parties in the two
carriages, that the disturbance thus arisen, the
darkness of the night, and consideration for their
safety dictated the course of not pursuing their
journey at this hour, and he suggested their accom-
panying him to his own residence.
They were eleven in all : five in one carriage
two in another, and four on horseback, as escorts
Having alighted at the Attorney-General's
louse, they stated that it was their intention
;o go to Montmedy, not to Franckfort ; and as
;hough French hearts, ever wont to hold in dear
regard the person of their king, were certain to
recognize his presence, directly the demonstra-
ions of love and respect we so earnestly mani-
'ested were offered, he exclaimed :
" Yes, I am the King : There is the Queen and
;he Royal Family ! I am come to reside among
you, in the bosom of my children : I am not
abandoning them."
The tender sympathy and emotion of all
jarties present blending with that expressed by
;he King, the monarch and his august family
condescended to embrace all the citizens who
were in the apartment, and to receive from them,
n turn, the same manifestations of their lively
and heartfelt affectionateness. At this moment
an individual arrived, stating himself to be an
aide-de-camp of Monsieur de Bouill6 [Marquis,
governor of Metz and Alsace], and demanding
x> speak to the King. Being introduced by the
Attorney-General of the Commune, and asked
the King what his name was, he replied :
" 1 am Coquillard." [Goguelot.]
" Well and good," said the King. " When
are we going ? "
" I await your orders, Sire."
And the orders were given with concurrence
of the Attorney-General and this officer.
The King, nevertheless, manifested anxiety
:,o set off, and at several intervals asked if his
horses were ready. A mob of townspeople, and
of the inhabitants of the immediately adjoining
villages, had, meanwhile, begun to crowd the
streets of Varennea ; and the intelligence of the
King's arrival had been conveyed even to distant
localities. There was a general rush, akin to all
those impulses of joy and tender anxiety with
which, in the midst of loud expressions of eager-
ness, a large family would make such feelings
known, upon finding a father who had been long
missing, and whom they dreaded losing again !
The municipal officers of the town felt that they
had only to direct the King's attention to such a
spectacle such a scene of moving sympathies
and disquietude to awaken the kindly feelings
of his heart. They urged that, loved as he was
by his people, his throne was in all their hearts
his name in all their mouths ; but that the place
of his abode was Paris, to which capital the
anxious and urgent prayers of the provinces,
at the present period of discord and alarm, were
calling back their chief, and all the citizens their
sire ; that the safety of the State depended on the
completion of the scheme of the Constitution,
and the safety of the Constitution itself was
vitally connected with his return ; that blest as
they were in the existence of his personal virtues,
the French people felt their individual happiness
derivable from his own personal well-being ; and
that their acutely feeling and affectionate hearts
would never recognize the pledge and assurance
of such felicity, but in the inseparable participation
of its enjoyment with him.
Meanwhile a detachment of the Hussars of
Lauzun arrived, thrown with all precipitation
into Varennes. Another, a German regiment,
that had been in garrison at Stenay, and a troop
from the neighbourhood, were reported to be on
their way. The first-named evinced the most
204
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. m. MA*, is, 1911.
Amicable feelings towards their fellow-citizens.
After repeated demands on the part of the
King [as to pursuing his journey], the municipal
officers held a general council, when, just as they
were assembling, an aide-de-camp from Monsieur
de La Fayette [colonel of the National Guards of
Paris] arrived in the town, bringing a decree
of the Assembly, or rather, it might be said, of the
prayers and wishes of all France, that the King
should return. The townspeople urgently be-
sought the King to consider what bloodshed and
misery might result from his departure, and what
happiness would ensue on his return that all
Paris, the National Assembly, and France at
large, would greet with the most enviable welcome
this fresh assurance of the love he bore to his
people.
Yielding, at length, to these passionate and
urgent expressions of public feeling, the King
and royal family consented to set off ; and
towards half-past ten o'clock in the forenoon
[? 6 A.M.], and amidst those exclamations of the
multitude which it is so affecting to hear when they
issue from combined feelings of liberty and loyal
attachment, the party drove off, surrounded by
a, considerable number of the townspeople on
horseback, and by the National Guard, muster-
ing, on this occasion, for the purpose rather of
gracing such a triumph of deep feelings, than of
constituting a mere personal protection.
The municipal officers who accompanied them
as far as Clermont were .... [Here follow several
names.] Musgrave, 'A Pilgrimage into Dauphin^,'
1857, vol. 1, pp. 206-12.
A second proces verbal was drawn up, which
contains some variations from the first,
having been ordered by the National
Assembly. F. H.
GRAY'S ' ELEGY ' :
TRANSLATIONS AND PARODIES.
See 2 S. xii. 128; 3 S. i. 112, 197, 220,
255, 339, 355, 398, 43-2 ; ii. 17, 55, 199 ;
6 S. viii. 107; ix. 509; x. 37, 112, 239 ;
8 S. iii. 44 ; 9 S. vii. 8 ; 10 S. ii, 175 ; v. 406.
II. PARODIES AND IMITATIONS.
(Concluded from p. 145.)
English.
J. B. Fisher. ' The Pettiffogger.' In Town-
Talk, in 1819 or earlier. Reprinted by Hamilton,
op tit., pp. 25-6.
' The Foundlings.' 4to, London, 1763.
' The Gambler.' In Bgan's ' Book of Sports,'
1832. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. tit., pp. 27-8.
Geoffrey Gimcrack, pseud. * Dry Goods : an
Elegy.' In ' Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces
on Manchester Men and Manners,' Manchester,
1833. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 28.
' Gray's Elegy [a Parody].' (Written in the
Rooms of the Geographical Society, in the
Presence of Du Chaillu's Collections.) In Punch,
1861, xli. 7.
' Gray's Elegy. (In an Irish Prison.) ' In
Punch, 2 September, 1882. Reprinted by Hamil-
ton, op. cit., p. 38.
H. See above under Corporal Trim.
M. W. H. ' Elegy written in a City Church-
yard.' In Hood's Magazine, 1848, pp. 555-8.
Edward Hamley. ' Reflections in Netley
Abbey.' In his * Poems of Various Kinds.'
London, 1796.
Sir George Hayes. ' A Temple Elegy.' Lon-
don, [1870 ?]. The British Museum Catalogue,
until corrected by the writer, ascribed this to
William Hayes. Reprinted in ' Hayesiana,'
London, [1891].
H. Headley. ' A Parody of Gray's Elegy
written in a Country Church-Yard ; the Author
Leaving Trinity College, Oxford, [1786].' In his
' Poetical Works,' London, 1808, pp.- 24-9.
When and where was this first published ?
Hortensius. ' Elegy written 'in a Lingering
Illness.' In The European Magazine, 1791,
xx. 305-6.
Hotspur. ' Elegy in a London Theatre, not
by Gray.' In Bentley's Miscellany, 1843, xiii,
554-5. Cf. 3 S. i. 398.
H. P. Hough ton. ' An Evening Contemplation
in a French Prison.' London, 1809. Reprinted
by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 43.
~' An Imitation of Gray's Elegy. . . .Intended to
Cheer and Animate the Spirits, instead of De-
pressing Them,',, &c. [London ? 1860 ?] The
British Museum copy|is marked 11643. g. 35.
' An Imitation of Mr. Grey's Ode,' &c. In
The Gentleman's Magazine, 1775, xlv. 491.
J. ' Elegy. Written in Drury-lane Theatre.'
In The Poetical Register, 1808-9, vii. 361-5.
O. Jaques. ' The Funeral. An Elegy.' In
The London Chronicle, 12-15 April, 1766, p. 356.
Edward Jerningham. ' An Elegy written
among the Ruins of an Abbey.' London, 1765.
Same. ' The Magdalens.' 2nd ed. London,
1763.
Same. ' The Nunnery.' In The Repository,
1777, ii. 65-70.
' Lament of the Eminent One.' In The Figaro,
6 October, 1875. Reprinted by Hamilton, op.
cit., p. 34.
' Legs in Tattersall's Yard.' In The Spirit
of the Age, 1828. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit.,
pp. 46-7.
' Lord Mayor's Day. A Mock Elegy.' In
The Neiv Foundling Hospital for Wit, vol. v.
1786. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., pp. 43-4.
' Love Elegy. Written at College, Ox-
ford.' In 'The Poetical Calendar,' 2nd ed.,
1763, v. 119-21.
Robert Lovell. ' The Decayed Farm-House. '
In his ' Poetical Works,' London, 1808, pp. 31-4.
' Lucubrations in an Apothecary's Shop.' In
The Mirror, iv. 459.
' A Lunatic Parody.' In Fun, 1 April, 1865.
Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 33.
A. W. Mackenzie. ' Elegy written in a Country
Rink.' In ' Idyls of the Rink,' 2nd ed., London,
1877. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit., pp. 35-6.
Marcus. ' Epitaph.' In The London Chro-
nicle, 27-29 July, 1769 ; reprinted in Ackermann's
' History of the University of Cambridge,' i. 75.
W. Mason. ' An Elegy in a Churchyard in
South Wales.' At the moment of writing this
is not accessible to me.
' Meditations on Mr. Barry's New Houses of
Parliament.' In Punch, 1844, vii. 150.
Edward Moore. ' An Elegy written among the
Ruins of a Nobleman's Seat in Cornwall.' In
The Poetical Calendar,' 2nd ed., 1763, riii. 88-90.
ii s. in. MAR. is, i9iL] NOTES AND QUERIES.
205
William H. Murray. In his ' Occasional and
Farewell Addresses,' Edinburgh, 1851, pp. 69-70.
Cf. 3 S. i. 255.
N. ' Elegy written in a Grub-street Garret.'
In The Trifler, 1788, i. 65-8.
S. N. ' An Elegy written in Kensington
Garden, August, 1787.' In The Gentleman's
Magazine, December, 1787, Ivii. 1107-8. Loosely
imitative,
' Newall's Buildings.' In The Free Lance,
Manchester. Date desired. Reprinted by Hamil-
ton, op. cit., p. 42.
' Night Thoughts.' In The Man in the Moon,
vol. ii., c. 1848. Reprinted by Hamilton, op. cit.,
p. 30.
O micron. ' Imitation of Gray. Epitaph on
Pic Nic, written in a Newsman's Shop.' In The
Morning Post (date?); reprinted in The Spirit
of the Public Journals, 1803, vii. 142.
An Oxonian. See above under Duncombe.
W. P. ' Elegy written at Florence.' Geneva,
1785.
Stephen Panting. ' Four Elegies.' In ' The
Poetical Calendar,' 2nd ed., 1763, viii. 20-34.
' A Paraphrase on Gray's Elegy, written on the
Unfortunate Catastrophe of the late Mr. Henry
Weston, who was Executed for Forgery, July,
1796.' London, 1796, 4to.
' Parnell-egy written in a Westminster Palace-
Yard.' In Moonshine, 30 April, 1887. Reprinted
by Hamilton, op cit., pp. 38-9.
' Parody of Gray's Elegy in a Country Church-
yard.' In The British Press, 14 September, 1812.
Cf. 3 S. i. 356.
' Passage from Lord Grey's Elegy.' In Punch,
10 September, 1881.
Thomas Penrose. ' The Curate. A Fragment.'
In The Gentleman's Magazine, February, 1782,
lii. 86-7.
' A Perversion.' In Hamilton, op. cit., p. 42.
' A Political Parody.' In The British Press,
14 September, 1812. Reprinted by Hamilton,
op. cit.. pp. 39-40.
' The Political Passing Bell : an Elegy written
in a Country Meeting House, 1789.' Boston, 1789.
Abr. Portal. ' A Morning Elegy.' In ' The
Poetical Calendar,' 2nd ed., 1763,' xii. 65-8.
' An Evening Elegy.' In same, pp. 60-72.
J. T. R. ' Nightly Thoughts in the Temple.'
Printed with L. D.'s translation, Chatham, 1806.
Did it appear earlier ?
W. R. ' The Long Vacation.' In part in
' Doing, in London,' 1828. Also in The Mirror,
28 May, 1831, and in Hamilton, op. cit., pp. 23-4.
W. Hamilton Reid. ' Elegy on the Waste near
the Charter-House.' In The European Magazine,
1701. xx. 306-7.
' Ruined Halls.' In Punch, 1852, xxii. 255.
S. ' An Elegy written in St. Stephen's Chapel.'
In The European Magazine, 1798, xxxiii. 189-91.
J. S. ' An Elegy. Written at the Approach
<>f Spring.' In ' The Poetical Calendar,' 2nd ed.,
17(H (sic), iii. 5-8.
' Tho Scales.' In Quads (date ?). Two stanzas
quoted by Hamilton, op. cit., p. 42.
' The S.K. King's Requiem.' In Truth, 11
November, 1886. Reprinted by Hamilton, p. 38.
' Supplement to Gray's EK'gy in n Church Yard.'
First appeared anonymously in an American
newspaper ; quoted by Stephen Collett ( = Thomas
Byerly) in ' Relics of Literature,' London, 1823.
Theoderit. ' Elegy on a Quid of Tobacco.'
In ' The Annual Anthology,' 1799, pp. 19-21.
William T. Thomas (pseud. W r . T. Moncrieff).
' Prison Thoughts. Elegy written in the King's
Bench,' &c. London, 1821.
C. E. Tisdall. ' Elegy on a Favourite Washer-
woman. Mrs. Bridget Mulligan.' In The Elocu-
tionist, 15 July, 1882. Reprinted by Hamilton,
p. 48.
Togatus, pseud. ' An Elegy written in the
Long Vacation.' In The Goionsman, 1 January,
1831. Also in Hamilton, p. 26.
Horace Twiss. ' Elegiac Stanzas on Returning
at Daybreak from a Ball at Lady 's.' In his
' Posthumous Parodies and other Pieces,' London
1814, pp. 49-58.
Y. ' Elegy on Mr. Maurice Evans.' In The
European Magazine, 1782, i. 66-7.
Sir William Young. 'The Camp.' In 3 S. i.
432-3.
French.
Louis de Fontanes. ' Le jour des morts dans
une campagne.' In Le Magasin Encyclopedique,
1796, and reprinted in book form. One passage
imitates a stanza of the c Elegy.'
Latin.
Quidam. ' Fragments of Not a Translation*
but a Loose Distant Imitation of Gray's Elegy.
In The Gentleman's Magazine, January, 1822,
xcii. i. 72.
I have given in each case the earliest
edition known to me, and shall be glad to
learn of any earlier editions ; also of any
other parodies or imitations.
CLARK: S. NOBTHUP.
Munich.
REFOBM OF THE CALENDAK. ' N. & Q.'
has contained many notes on changes and
reforms in the calendar, therefore it may be
well to put on record the following, which
appeared in The Daily Telegraph of 24 Febru-
ary :
REFORM OF THE CALENDAR.
A NEW BANK HOLIDAY.
Mr. R. Pearce's bill for the reform of the
calendar, the text of which was issued yesterday,
has for its object the regularising of the quarters
of the year, the adjustment of the days of the
week and of the month, and the fixing of Easter
Day and other Bank Holidays and dates depending
upon Easter.
To this end the first day of the year will be a
Bank Holiday, called New Year's Day, but it is
not to be reckoned as a day of the week or of the
month or quarter. In other words, it will dis-
appear from the calendar, and Jan. 2 will become
Jan. 1.
The effect of this arrangement will be that the
year will consist of 364 days, and hence will be
divisible into four equal quarters of ninety-one
days each, and into fifty-two weeks of seven days
each. Each quarter will contain exactly thirteen
weeks, divided into two months of thirty days
each and one of thirty-one. Each day of the
month will always fall on the same day of the
week.j
206
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. in. MAR. is, iwi.
Ordinary quarter days will not be interfered
with, and special provisions, as in the Calendar
Act, 1750, will preserve days of payment, delivery
of goods, expiration of leases, &c., and coining of
age.
To preserve the symmetry of the new system,
February will be docked of its extra day in leap
years, and another new Bank Holiday, to be
known as Leap Year Day, will be inserted between
the last day of June and the first day of July.
It also will not count as a day of the week, month,
or quarter.
NO MOVEABLE FEASTS.
Beginning in 1912, Easter Sunday and all the
moveable fasts, feasts, and dates dependent upon
it will be fixed so as to fall in every year on the
same day of the same month, as well as on the same
day of the week. The proposed dates are as
follows :
Ash Wednesday . Feb. 29.
Good Friday . . . April 12.
Easter Sunday . April 14.
Easter Monday . April 15.
WhitSunday . June 3.
Whit Monday . . . . June 4.
Christmas Day, Dec. 25, will always be on a
Monday.
Under the new system, March, June, Sep-
tember, and December will consist of thirty-one
days, and each of the other eight months of thirty.
It is proposed that the reformed calendar shall
a Pply n t only to the United Kingdom, but to all
his Majesty's Dominions.
The bill is backed by Sir William Bull, Mr. R.
Harcourt, Sir J. H. Dalziel, and Sir Albert Spicer.
BABRULE.
FLOOD SUPERSTITIONS. An odd belief
still lingers among the Warwickshire
peasantry that a flood follows when swans
wander along the highway. A brood of
nearly full-grown cygnets recently acquired
the habit of leaving the upper part of the
Avon and walking down the Warwick Road,
here to join the river at a lower point. This
act is said to have caused a high flood a few
months ago. Another local theory is that
the death of the sovereign brings on a flood,
as witness the highest flood recorded in
1901, and the last serious one in 1910.
WM. JAGGABD.
"I FEGS." Translating 'Pegasus in
Harness,' in his version of Schiller's ' Poems
and Ballads,' Lord Lytton makes Hodge
on the mountain top express himself thus :
" I fegs," the farmer cries, " what next ?
This helter-skelter sport will never do,
But break him in yet I '11 endeavour to."
Such is the reading of the " Knebworth
Edition," 1875, and of the reprint issued
in " The Universal Library " of 1887 under
the editorship of Prof. Henry Morley.
" I fegs " as thus given has all the appear-
ance of being an assertion made in the first
person, whereas it is an asseveration equi-
valent to " In faith," and should take the
form " I' fegs." In the ' Archaic Diction-
ary ' Halliwell duly enters " Fegs. In
faith ! South " ; and Jamieson includes
the word, with definition and illustrations,
in the ' Scottish Dictionary.' Jamieson
likewise gives the variants " faik," " faiks,"
and " faikins," and writes :
" I' fake (provinc. E.) is evidently the same ;
thus expl. by Thoresby, ' Faith (an oath) ' ;
Bay's Lett., p. 327. A . Bor. ' i' /a/cins, in faith ;
an asseveration ' ; Grose."
It may be added that, if the pronunciation
of the phrase now current in parts of the
Scottish Lowlands were phonetically tran-
scribed, the expression would take the form
used by Lord Lytton' s Hodge.
THOMAS BAYNE.
WHITE MEATS : WIGS : AFTEBNOONING.
These words occur in the Rev. J. Gother's
sermon for Quinquagesima Sunday (ed.
1718):
" In this Nation it is not permitted, at Collation
to eat any kind of Fish or Whit-meats ; that is,
Eggs, Cheese, Milk or Butter : Cakes and Wigs
are customary, tho' not made without some
Butter.... As for the Quantity....! think the
most general Rule may be, of eating as much as
comes to -the Quantity of an Afternooning at
other times of the Year [than Lent]."
J. B.
IN BLACK AND WHITE. The ' N.E.D.'
furnishes no early instance of this exact
phrase, though "under white and black"
is cited from 'Much Ado,' V. i. 314 (1599).
It i 
