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Notes  and  Queries,  July  So, 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES 


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TWELFTH    SERIES.— VOLUME    VIII. 
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Notes'aud  Queries,  July  30,  1921. 


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12  s.  vin.  JAN.  i,i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


1 


LONDON,  JANUARY  1,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.  142. 

NOTE«  .—Swift's  Verse,  1— A  Radical  Weaver's  Common- 
Place  Book,  3— Orders  and  Ordinances  of  the  Hospitals, 
1582.  5— An  English  Army  List  of  1740,  6— Lines  by 
Tennyson — The  Identity  of  Francis  Lovelace,  Governor  of 
New  York.  7  —  "  Romantique  " — Giles  Capel— Representa- 
tive County  Libraries,  Public  and  Private.  8. 

'QUERIES  :  Was  th«re  a  Parsi  Colony  in  the  South  Seas? 
9 _Hook:  Oxenbridge:  Morton:  Portraits  Wanted— 
G.  Pye,  Book -Plate  Designer— Collections  Sold  by 
Auction,  London,  1714— Who  was  Johnson's  "Pretty 
Voluminous  Authour  "  ?  —  J.  E.  Gordon  —  The  British 
in  Corsica  —  "  Believe  "  —  Aliustrel  Bronze  Tables.  10  — 
Mr.  John  Denton— Scott  of  Essex— Be verley  Whising— 
Broncivimont  Beer  — Savery  Family  of  Marlborough, 
Wilts— 'The  Western  Miscellany  ,'1775  and  1776— Hambly 
House,  Streatham — "  Barons,"  11— John  Hughes  of  Liver- 
pool, A.D.  1706— Daniel  Defoe  in  the  Pillory— Woodburn 
Collection — Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted,  12. 

REPLIES :— Cruikshank  and  Westminster  School,  12- 
John  Thornton  of  Coventry— Daniel  Vinecombe— Snipe 
in  Belgrave  Square — Van  der  Plaes— Early  Railway 
Travelling,  13— London  in  the  Fifties  and  Sixties  :  Police 
Uniforms— The  Legitimist  Kalendar— Pierre  Frangois 
Gaillard— Louis  Napoleon  :  Poetical  Works,  14 — Arms  of 
England  and  France— Emerson's  '  English  Traits '— Dixon 
of  Fnrness  Fel's — Admiral  Benbow — Notes  on  the  Early 
de  Redvere.  15— The  Tragedy  of  New  England— Mile. 
Mercandotti— Friday  Street— The Talhot  Inn,  Ashbourne. 
16 — Death  of  Queen  Anne — Ancient  History  of  Assam — 
Royal  Arms  in  Churches  —  "  Now  then —  !  "  —  Domestic 
History  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  17 — London  Post- 
marks—Folk-Lore of  the  Elder— Oxford  (Orford)  House, 
Waltharnstow— Dr.  Alexander  Keith— Picture  by  Sir 
Leslie  Ward—  Missing  Words  Wanted— Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted.  18. 

TCOTES  ON  BOOKS  :  —  ' Shakespeare's  Last  Years  in 
London.  1536-1592— 'A  History  of  Scotland  from  the 
Roman  Evacuation  to  the  Disruption,  1843 '— '  Leicester- 

'  shire.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


SWIFT'S  VERSE. 

SWIFT'S  name  is  now  generally  associated 
with  his  prose  writings,  but  his  powers  ars 
no  less  conspicuous  in  his  verse.  Where  it 
his  command  of  language  more  evident 
than  in  '  Cadenus  and  Vanessa  '  ?  Where 
is  his  irony  more  impressive  than  in  *  Poetry, 
a  Rhapsody  '  ?  Where  is  his  intensity 
more  developed  than  in  'The  Journal  of  a 
Modern  Lady  '  ?  Where  is  his  peculiar 
turn  of  thought  more  displayed  than  in 
'  The  Petition  of  Mrs.  Frances  Harris  '  ? 
Where  will  greater  versatility  be  found  than 
between  the  lines  addressed  to  Stella  on 
her  last  birthday,  and  those  '  On  the  Death 
of  Dr.  Swift'?  But  at  present  Swift's 
verse  is  in  a  state  of  chaos.  Its  arrange- 
ment is  neither  according  to  subject  nor 
chronology,  its  meaning  is  hidden  from  all 


but  a  few,  and  its  extent  is  equally  faulty 
in  the  inclusion  of  pieces  that  are  supposi- 
titious and  doubtful,  and  the  exclusion  of 
pieces  which  bear  Swift's  hall-mark. 

As  at  present  arranged  the  first  section 
is  a  hotch-potch  of  some  eighty  pieces. 
In  it  England  jostles  Ireland,  and  the 
personal  is  submerged  in  the  general.  For 
example  'The  South  Sea  Project  'is  in 
close  proximity  to  '  The  Description  of  an 
Irish  Feast,'  and  the  lines  'To  Mr.  Pope 
while  he  was  -writing  the  Dunciad  '  are 
followed  by  '  A  Love  Poem  from  a  Phy- 
sician.' Chronology  is  frequently  ignored. 
'  Helter- Skelter,'  which  was  written  in  1730, 
is  followed  by  '  The  Puppet  Show, '  which 
was  written  in  1721,  and  'A  Love  Song  in 
the  Modern  Taste,'  which  was  written  in 
1733,  is  followed  by  '  The  Storm  '  which 
was  written  in  1722. 

The  second  and  third  sections  comprise 
respectively  pieces  written  during  Lord 
Carteret's  viceroyalty  and  pieces  addressed 
to  Stella  and  Vanessa.  On  what  basis  the 
pieces  have  been  selected  it  is  impossible  to 
divine.  The  first  of  the  sections  is  remark- 
able for  omitting  far  more  pieces  of  the 
period  than  are  in  it,  and  for  containing  a 
piece  written  in  the  time  of  Carteret's 
predecessor.  The  second  of  the  sections 
comprises  pieces  supposed  to  be  written  by 
Stella  and  Vanessa  as  well  as  pieces  ad- 
dressed to  them,  and  includes  two  pieces 
which  treat  of  Mrs.  Pilkington  under  the 
poetical  name  of  Daphne. 

The  fourth  section  comprises  pieces  com- 
posed at  Market  Hill.  In  it  little  attention 
is  paid  to  chronology,  and  several  pieces 
known  to  have  been  written  at  Market  Hill 
are  omitted,  more  particularly  '  The  Journal 
of  a  Modern  Lady,'  'An  Answer  to  Paulus  ' 
and  *  The  Answer  to  Ballyspellin. ' 

The  fifth  and  sixth  sections  comprise 
respectively  political  pieces  and  pieces 
chiefly  relating  to  Irish  politics.  In  these 
sections  the  omissions  include  the  notable 
pieces  entitled  '  Poetry,  a  Rhapsody, '  and 
'An  Epistle  to  a  Lady  who  desired  the 
Author  to  make  Verses  on  her  in  the  Heroic 
Style,'  as  well  as  'The  South  Sea  Project  ' 
and  '  Judas,'  and  the  confusion  becomes 
intensified.  In  the  first  of  these  sections 
there  are  found  *  Cortinna  '  and  '  In  Sick- 
ness,' which  have  no  relation  to  politics 
and  two  pieces  which  concern  Irish  politicfs, 
'The  Parody  of  the  Recorder  of  Blessing- 
ton's  Address  '  and  '  The  Parody  of  the 
Recorder  of  Dublin's  Speech.'  In  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,  1021. 


second  of  these  sections  there  are  severa 
pieces  relating  to  English  politics,  such  a 
'The  Run  upon  the  Bankers,'  'The  Horric 
Plot    discovered   by   Harlequin,  the   Bishc 
of  Rochester's  Dog,'   'The  Dog  and  Thief 
and    '  Mr.    Pulteney   being  put   out   of   th 
Council.'     No    attention   has    been   paid  t 
chronology    in    placing    the    pieces    written 
during  the  agitation  against  Wood's  coppe 
coinage    and    some    of    these    pieces     ar 
separated   by   an   interval    of   many   page 
from  the  others. 

Finally,    the   last    section   is    devoted   to 
pieces    which    are    designated    Trifles,    bu 
presented  as  they  are  without  method  o 
comment  they  might  more  fitly  be  termec 
Nonsense.     Pieces  which  have  an  importan 
bearing    on    Swift's    life    are    mixed    with 
pieces  of  no   value,   and  by  the  ingenuity 
of    successive    editors    the    battle    of    rime 
between     Swift     and     Sheridan     has     been 
broken  up  until  it  is  unintelligible. 

No  verse  requires  annotation  more  than 
that   of   Swift.     In  it   the   spirit   of  poetry 
has  no  part,  and  each  piece  has  its  origin 
in  some  public  or  private  incident.     Wha1 
light  is  thrown  on  '  A  Ballad  on  the  Game 
Traffic  '  and  'A  Ballad  to  the  Tune  of  the 
Cut-purse,'  when  it  is  known  that  they  were 
written  at  the  same  time  in  the  summer  of 
1702  after  the  famous  Gloucestershire  elec- 
tion in  which  Jack  Howe  was  a  protagonist, 
and  that  the  scene  was  Berkeley  Castle  and 
not  as  one  of  the  headings  states  Dublin 
Castle.     What  interest  does  it  give  to  '  The 
Journal  of  a  Modern  Lady  '  and  '  An  Epistle 
to  a  Lady  who  desired  the  Author  to  make 
Verses  on  her  in  the  Heroic  Style,'  when  it 
is    known    that    the  lady  was    the   wife  of 
Lord  Gosford's  ancestor,  Sir  Arthur  Acheson, 
and  the  only  child  of  Philip  Savage,  one  of 
the   great  men  of  Ireland  in   Swift's   day. 
What  light  is  thrown  on   '  The  Progress  of 
Marriage  '    when    it    is    known     that    the 
marriage    in    question    was    that    of    Dean 
Pratt,  erstwhile  Provost  of  Trinity   College, 
to  Lady  Philippa  Hamilton,  and  that  the 
autograph   is   dated   January,    1722,   a   few 
weeks    after    Pratt 's    death.     Again    what 
light    is    thrown    on    the     'Directions    for 
making  &  Birthday  Song  '  when  it  is  known 
that  the  autograph  is  dated  October,  1729, 
and  that  its  recipient  was  the  wily  Matthew 
Pilkington   who    produced    soon   afterwards 
aij  ode  for  the  birthday  of  George  II. 

The  present  collection  of  Swift's  verse 
has  been  the  work  of  many  hands.  The 
first  collection  was  in  the  Miscellanies  which 
were  issued  by  John  Morphew  in  1711.  It 


comprised  thirteen  pieces.     That  collection 
was  followed  by  the  one  in  the  Miscellanies 
in  which   Swift   and   Pope  joined  in   1727. 
It  added  twenty-two  pieces  to  the  thirteen,, 
which     were     reprinted    in    it.       To     these 
there    were    added    in    another    volume    of 
Swift  and  Pope's  Miscellanies,  published  in 
1732,  ten  more  pieces.     Then  in   1735  the 
prince   of   Dublin   printers   as    Swift   called 
George    Faulkner,     issued    as    the    second 
volume  of  his  edition  of   Swift's  Works  a 
collection    in    which    an    addition    of    sixty 
pieces  was  made  to  the  forty -five  previously 
collected.     To      that     collection     Faulkner 
added    further    in    the    sixth,    eighth    and 
eleventh  volumes  of  his  edition  of  Swift's 
Works    issued    respectively    in    1738,    1746,. 
and  1762.     Meantime  in  England  Dr.  John- 
son's   contemporary,     John    Hawkesworth,. 
whose  ambition  was  greater  than  his  per- 
formance,   took   a   part,    and   to    him   suc- 
ceeded  John  Nichols,   whose  researches   in 
relation  to  Swift  have  afforded  vast  material 
for    subsequent    editors    and    biographers. 
Finally,   Vice-Provost  Barrett,  whose  fame 
now  rests  more  on  his  penurious  habits  than 
on     his     academic     attainments,    and    Sir 
Walter  Scott  gave  their  aid. 

The   efforts   of   the  later   contributors   to 
the  collection  have  resulted  in  the  addition 
not  only  of  pieces  of  doubtful  authenticity, 
>ut   even   of  pieces   actually  known  to    be 
written     by     others.     Amongst     these     are 
Jack  Frenchman's  Lamentation,'  which  as 
Prof.   Firth  kindly  pointed  out  to  me  was 
written  by  Congreve  ;    '  The   Garden  Plot, ' 
which  was   written   by  Dr.  William    King  ; 
A  Town  Eclogue,'  which  was  written  by 
Jonathan   Smedley,   Leonard    Welsted,  and 
)wo  others  ;    '  John  Deritiis,  the  Sheltering 
^oet's    Invitation    to    Richard    Steele,';   'A 
r'arody   on   the   Speech   of   the   Provost    of 
^rinity   College   to   the   Prince   of   Wales  ' ; 
Dr.  Delany's  Villa,'  which  was  written  by 
heridan  ;    '  To    the    Citizens  ' ;     'A    Young 
^ady's    Complaint    for    the    stay   of   Dean 
wift  in  England  ' ;  '  The  Logicians  Refuted, ? 
which  is  claimed  as  the  work  of  Goldsmith  ,' 
A    Vindication  of     the  Libel,'    which  was 
written  by  William  Dunkin  ;    '  An  Ode  to 
lumphrey  French, '  and   '  An  Answer  to  a 
friend's     Question.'       In     addition     John 
^orster  has  attributed  to  Swift  '  An  Answer 
.o   Lines  from  Mayfair, '  which  appears  to  * 
aave  been  written  by  Prior.     On  the  other 
land  several  pieces  correctly  attributed  to 
wift,    by   the   earlier   contributors   to    the 
ollection     have     been    rejected     by    their 
uccessors.     Amongst  these  are    'The  Life 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


and  Genuine  Character  of  Dean  Swift, '  '  A 
Christmas-box  for  Namby-Pamby,'  '  Hard- 
ing's  Resurrection  from  Hell  upon  Earth,' 
and  '  A  Trip  to  Dunkirk. ' 

To  supply  the  deficiencies  of  existing 
editions  of  Swift's  verse  is  not  impossible. 
A  small  expenditure  of  time  and  labour  has 
enabled  me  to  date  and  trace  the  origin  of 
almost  every  piece  that  Swift  is  known  to 
have  written,  and  to  add  some  new  pieces 
to  the  collection,  and  this  work  will,  I  hope, 
prove,  of  assistance  to  the  future  editor  of  a 
worthy  edition. 

F.  ELRINGTON  BALL. 


A  RADICAL  WEAVER'S   COMMON- 
PLACE BOOK. 

THE  book  from  which  the  extracts  given 
below  are  taken  is  a  small  volume  of  sixty- 
eight  pages  backed  with  stiff  brown  paper- 
covered  boards  and  measuring  7^  in.  by 
5 1  in.  The  leaves  are  stitched  and  the 
paper  varies  in  quality,  suggesting  that  the 
volume  had  a  domestic  origin.  The  book 
has  been  used  from  both  ends,  forty-five 
pages  in  one  direction  and  twenty-three 
in  the  other,  and  here  and  there  a  leaf  has 
been  torn  out.  Originally  meant  as  a 
weaver's  Casting  and  Calculating  Book 
it  came  to  be  used  by  the  owner  also  for 
other  purposes,  and  some  twenty-six  pages 
are  used,  not  for  technical  or  business 
entries,  but  as  a  kind  of  commonplace 
book  into  which  are  copied  paragraphs 
from  newspapers  and  books,  epitaphs,  arith- 
metical problems,  &c.  There  are  also  some 
entries  which  may  be  original  matter. 

There  is  no  owner's  name  on  the  first 
page  at  either  end  or  on  the  covers,  and 
from  among  the  numerous  names  of  persons 
scattered  among  the  pages  of  the  book  it 
would  be  difficult  to  decide  which,  if  any, 
belonged  to  the  writer  of  the  extracts. 
That  the  book  belonged  to  a  hand-loom 
weaver  living  and  working  in  the  vicinity 
of  Manchester  is,  however,  perfectly  clear. 
The  period  covered  lies  between  the  years 
1793  and  1816,  these  being  the  earliest  and 
latest  dates  that  occur,  and  judging  from 
the  nature  of  the  political  entries  the  owner 
seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  very  decided 
Radical  opinions,  of  a  type  made  familiar 
later  by  Samuel  Bamford  and  G.  J.  Holy- 
oake.  Some  '  Questions  and  Answers  rela- 
tive to  the  National  Debt  '  are  taken  from 
The  Manchester  News  of  Apr.  23,  1796,  and 


there  is  an  extract  from  The  Weekly  Register 
referring  to  a  speech  of  Pitt's  on  the  Corn 
Importation  Bill  in  October,  1799.  But 
perhaps  the  most  interesting  entry  is  a  set 
of  doggerel  verses  entitled  '  The  New 
Fashion  Shaver.'  From  a  literary  point  of 
view  there  is  of  course  little  to  be  said  for 
these  verses,  but  they  have  a  certain  interest 
as  representing  a  section  of  Radical  opinion 
of  the  period.  The  reference  to  the  siege 
of  Toulon  as  taking  place  "last  year  " 
dates  the  writing  of  the  lines  from  1794. 
Whether  or  not  they  are  original  I  do  not 
know.  There  is  no  mention  of  their  being 
copied  from  a  newspaper,  and  the  spelling 
is  faulty  and  punctuation  entirely  absent. 
In  the  following  transcript  I  have  corrected 
the  one  and  supplied  the  other.  The  writer, 
whoever  he  may  have  been,  was  a  clumsy 
rimester.  In  the  last  verse  the  reference  is 
clearly  to  some  local  incident. 

THE  NEW  FASHION  SHAVES. 

1. 

As  Paddy  was  walking  upon  the  highway, 
He  met  his  Mend  Dondle  and  to  him  did  say  : 
Good-morrow,  dear  Dondle,  come  tell  me  I  pray, 
Do  you  think  it  is  true  what  the  people  do  say  ? 
After  all  their  humming  and  drumming, 
Some  say  that  the  French  they  are  coming, 
Without  breeches  and  broogs  they  are  running, 
Believe  me,  dear  Dondle,  it's  true. 


The  French  they  are  fighting  for  all  the  world  dear, 
This  world  of  oppression  they  shortly  will  clear  : 
If  they  meet  with  a  traitor  they'll  stop  his  career, 
And  cut  his  head  off  quite  close  to  his  ear  ! 
It's  a  terrible  method  of  shaving ! 
A  delicate  new  way  of  shaving ! 
I  would  not  lie  under  the  Razor 
For  anything  under  the  sun  ! 


•There's    one    thing    I'll    ask    you  and  then  I'll 

have  done, 
What  would  you  do  if  the  French  they  should 

come  ? 

Would  you  fight  for  them,  or  would  you  run, 
When  you  hear  the  sound  of   the    trumpet  and 

drum.  ? 

By  my  faith,  I  would  sp*ak  of  their  favour, 
For  fear  of  the  new  fashioned  shaver  ! 
I  would  not  lie  under  their  Razor 
For  anything  under  the  sun  ! 


As  for  Billy  Pitt  I  would  have  him  to  take  care, 
For  the  French  they  are  conquering  everywhere- 
And  all  the  whole  chief  they  do  solemnly  swear 
[f  they  get  hold  of  him  they'll  clip  off  his  hair. 
He's  a  hell  of  a  fellow  for  vaunting, 
He's  got  such  a  fit  of  carranting, 
I  wish  that  the  Devil  may  haunt  him, 
And  carry  him  out  of  the  way. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,  1021. 


5. 

'Come  fill  up  your  bumper  and  let  us  drink  deep 
Of  whisky  itself,  it  composes  to  sleep  ; 
A  toast  we  must  have,  and  the  French  it  must  be, 
Por  they  never  intended  to  hurt  you  or  me. 
But  Justice  they  always  commended. 
And  Mankind  they  always  befriended, 
And  Friendship  to'  us  they  intended, 
To  set  poor  old  England  free  ! 

6. 

Don't  you  remember,  dear  Dondle,  last  year, 
'They  sent  us  to  Toulon  like  sheep  from  the  shear  ? 
They  bid  us  set  down  without  dread  or  fear, 
For  the  French  were  so  frightened,  they  durst  not 

come  near. 

But  they  came  running  like  bulls  of  a  tedder, 
And  thrashed  us  as  thick  as  tanned  leather, 
And  drove  us  into  ships  altogether, 
Like  as  many  young  pigs  in  a  creel. 

7. 

Good  morrow,  dear  Dondle,  before  that  we  part, 
Let's  drink  to  the  memory  of  honest  young  heart, 
Who  died  like  a  man  although  b\it  a  boy, 
To  think  of  his  fate,  how  it  sickened  my  joy. 
For  he  died  for  the  good  of  the  Nation, 
For  which  he  has  got  a  flue  station, 
A  man  may  be  sure  of  salvation 
That  dies  for  his  Liberty's  cause. 

Another  entry,  in  the  same  handwriting* 
and  entitled  'A  Church  and  King  Creed,' 
appears  to  belong  to  about  the  same  period, 
but  may  be  later  than  1794,  as  the  war 
taxes  became  very  heavy  only  after  1796, 
when  the  outcry  was  general  among  all 
classes. 

A  CHURCH  AND  KING  CREED. 

"  I  believe  in  one  Billy  Fit.t,  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  mighty  Master  of  Lords  and  Commons 
and  of  all  Court  Intrigues  visible  and  invisible  ; 
and  in  one  Secretary  Henry  Dundas,  beloved  of 
Pitt  before  all  women,  Minister  of  Ministers, 
Head  of  Heads,  Light  of  Lights,  Very  Man  of 
Very  Man,  beloved  not  hated,  being  of  one  opinion 
with  our  Creator,  by  whom  all  Ministers  are 
made  ;  who  for  us  men,  and  for  our  taxation 
-came  up  from  Scotland,  and  was  incarnate  by 
the  Devil,  and  was  made  fit  for  Billy's  purpose, 
and  is  now  chief  Controller  of  the  East  India 
Company  :  he  descended  into  Scotland  and  was 
there  burnt  in  effigy,  and  the  third  day  he  came 
again  according  to  the  Newspapers,  and  now 
sitteth  at  the  right  hand  of  Pitt,  from  whence 
he  shall  come  to  judge  both  the  loyal  and  dis- 
loyal, till  folly  shall  have  an  end.  And  I  believe 
in  old  George,  the  giver  of  all  places  and  pensions, 
who  together  with  Pitt  and  Dundas  is  worshipped 
and  glorified,  who  speaks  by  Proclamation.  I 
believe  in  one  system  of  corruption,  and  I  believe 
that  the  remission  of  taxes  will  not  take  place 
till  the  Resurrection  of  the  dead,  and  I  look  for  a 
better  Government  in  the  world  to  come.  Amen. 

At  the  other  end  of  the  book  is  a  further 
fiet  of  verses  entitled  '  New  Song,  called  The 
Rambling  Boy,'  the  merit  of  which  is  about 


equal  to  that  of  the  '  New  Fashion  Shaver. ' 
The  neat  writing  suggests  a  copy,  but  there 
are  some  corrections,  one  or  two  words 
being  struck  out  and  others  inserted,  and 
:he  sixth  and  seventh  verses  are  placed  in 
wrong  order.  This  occasions  a  footnote, 
which  reads  : — 

"  Mr.  Editor, — The  6th  and  7th  verses  they 
are  placed  wrong,  for  the  6th  is  where  the  7th 
should  be  and  7th  where  the  6th  should  be. 
[  am,  Yours,  &c.,  Jas.  Greaves." 

From  this  it  would  appear  that  James 
reaves  was  the  writer  or  transcriber  of  the 
verses  and  that  he  contributed  them  to  some 
Local  newspaper.  Possibly  Greaves  was 
the  owner  of  the  book,  but  this  is  by  no 
means  certain.  A  loose  sheet  of  paper 
preserved  between  the  leaves,  and  setting 
forth  a  petition  of  weavers  in  the  year  1758, 
is  dated  from  Hollinwood,  and  bears 
eighteen  signatures  the  first  of  which  is  that 
of  J.  Greaves,  who  seems  to  have  been  the 
draftsman.  Perhaps  this  Greaves  was  the 
father  of  the  writer  of  the  '  Rambling  Boy. ' 
Hollinwood  lies  between  Oldham  and  Man- 
chester, about  two  miles  south-west  of  the 
former  town,  with  which  it  is  now  merged. 
But  in  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  a  self- 
contained  village. 

THE  RAMBLING  BOY. 

1. 

I  am  a  rambling  shoemaker  from  Belfast  town 

I  came, 

And  to  my  great  misfortune,  I  'listed  in  the  Train. 
Their  usage  being  very  bad  with  me  did  not  agree, 
Therefore  I  am  resolv'd,  my  boys,  to  take  my 

Liberty. 

2. 

We  marched  to  Tipperary  with  courage  stout  and 

bold, 
They  thought  to  make  a  slave  of  me,  but  them 

I  plainly  told 

To  work  upon  a  Sunday  with  me  did  not  agree, 
So  therefore,  boys,  I  am  resolv'd  to  take  my 

Liberty. 

3. 

The  very  first  night  that  we   came  there,   our 

Captain  gave  command, 
That  me  and  my  poor  comrade  all  on  the  guard 

should  stand  ; 
The  night  being  dark  and  very  wet,  as  you  may 

plainly  see, 
That  was  the  night,  my  brave  boys,  I  took  my 

Liberty. 

4. 

Straightway  I  deserted  and  set  out  for  the  North, 
I  being  something  weary  I  rested  on  a  fort. 
I  had  not  rested  long  there  till  I  got  up  again, 
And  looking  all  around  me  I  spied  five  of  the 
Train. 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  1,1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


5. 

I  was  not  afraid  to  face  them  all  with  courage 

stout  and  bold, 

I  marched  up  to  them  and  to  them  I  plainly  told, 
"  Your  officers  I  do  defy,  and  all  that  they  can 

say, 
So   therefore,   boys,   I'm  not  afraid  to  fight  for 

Liberty." 

6. 

Straightway  I  engaged  them,   and  soon   I  beat 

them  all, 
Soon  I  beat  them  all,  my  boys,  for  mercy  they 

did  call, 
Saying  "  Spare  our  lives,  bold  Irvine,  and  we  will 

for  you  pray, 
And  we'll  declare  you  beat  us  all,  and  took  your 

Liberty." 

7. 

I   said   "  You  cowardly  rascals,  what  otter  can 

you  say  ? 
Now  since  that  1  have  beat  you  all  and  you  will 

for  me  pray, 

0  yes,  now  I  shall  spare  your  lives,   you    may 
declare  and  say 

That   noble    Irvine    beat    you   all   and    took   his 
Liberty." 

8. 

Straightways  there  I  left  them  and  set  off  for 
Inceleed, 

1  worked  there  a  half  a  year  at  my  shoemaking 
trade, 

Rambling  notions  came  in  my  mind  my  parents 

for  to  see, 
And  I  met  two  of  the  Train  men  a  coming  to 

take  me. 

9. 

A-meeting    these    two    Train    men   not   knowing 

what  to  say, 
A-meeting  these  two  Train  men  barefaced  on  the 

highway, 
They  pulled  out  their  hangers,  I  winded  round 

my  oak, 
And   leathered    these    two    Train   men    till   they 

weren't  worth  a  groat. 

10. 

Londonderry  fair  was  coming  on,  that  fair  I  went 

to  see, 
And"co\vardly  Steward  he  was  there  a  thinking  to 

take  me,. 
And  in  that  bloody  quarrel  my  hammer  they  did 

steal, 
And  pledged  it  there  for  seven  bobs,  wasn't  that 

a  precious  meal  ? 

The  guards  did  there  surround  me,  I  might  have 

beat  them  all, 

Till  out  of  the  back  window  I  got  a  shocking  fall. 
The  guards  did  there  surround  me  with  a  party 

of  the  Train, 
And  lodged   me  in   the    guard- house  my  sorrows 

to  bewail. 

12. 

The  pretty  girls  of  Belfast,  hearing  this  news  of 

me, 

Came  flocking   to    the  guard-house   there  me  for 
.   to  see  ; 


1  bid  them  to  dry  up  their  tears  and  weeping  to- 

refrain, 
For,  my  pretty  maids,  I'm  not  afraid  of  Liberty 

again. 

13. 

Oh,  but  if  I  was  in  Paris  I  would  be  a  va'liant  man,. 
I  would  fight  for  my  Liberty,  but  never  for  the 

Train, 
I  would  beat  as  many  Train  men  as  would  stand 

in  a  row, 
And  I'd  make  them  fly  before  me  like  an  arrow 

from  a  bow. 

These  three  extracts  form  the  chief  items 
of  political  interest  in  the  book.  The  other 
entries  call  for  no  particular  notice,  but  the 
following  recipe  for  making  porter  is  worth 
quoting  for  the  sake  of  the  prices.  No  date 
is  given  but  it  is  opposite  a  sales  item  of  1801. 

INGREDIENTS  FOR  6  GALLONS  OF  PORTER. 

£     s.    d. 

One  peck  of  malt  02 

A  quarter  of  a  pound  of  liquorice  root     002 
do.  of      Spanish 

liquorice 

do.  of  essentia 

do.  of  colour 

Half  a  pound  of  treacle 
A  quarter  do.  of  hops 
Capsicum  and  ginger    ' . . 
Coals 


001 
002 
002 
0     0     2\ 
004' 
0     0 


006 
0     3  11  Jr 


Bought  at  the  Public  Houses  at  Qd.  per 

quart 0  12     0 

Brewed  at  home  0     3  H 


Leaves  clear  gain 


0     8 


A  note  of  earlier  date,  from  a  loose 
inserted  sheet,  states  that  in  February ,- 
1759,  potatoes  were  "  sold  out  by  retail 
10  pounds  for  one  penny,  and  the  buyer 
wanted  Trust."  F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 


« ORDERS   AND  ORDINANCES  OF  THE 
HOSPITALS,'  1532. 

IN  endeavouring  to  unravel  the  apparent 
confusion  of  this  scarce  work  and  its 
several  reprints  I  have  experienced  diffi- 
culty in  identifying  a  reprint  said  to  have 
been  prepared  for  Samuel  Pepys,  the 
diarist.  I  have  not  traced  this  statement 
to  its  source,  but  it  is  evident  many  oook 
collectors  and  even  a  few  booksellers  are 
misled  by  "  the  shadow  of  doubt  "  that 
this  illusive  reprint  was  an  exact  facsimile 
of  the  original.  The  perplexity  is  therefore 
to  identify  it  definitely.  Apparently,  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  S.VIII.JAX.  1,1021. 


first  printed  issue  of  such   '  Rules  and  Or- 
dinances' is  the  1552  edition  : — 

1.  *  The  Order  of  the  Hospital  of  S.  Bartholo- 
mews in  Westsmythfielde  in  London.' 
The  colophon  reads  : — 

"  Imprinted  at  London  by  Rycharde  Graf  ton 
_  rinter  to  the  Kyng 
vimprimendum  solim  "  (The  B.M.  copy  is  K  697 


Printer  to  the  Kynges  maistie  cum  privilegio  ad 
a  16,  2). 


This  was  followed  by  a  MS.  volume  of 
which  apparently  several  copies  were  pre- 
pared : — 

(2)  "A  true  and  Shorte  Declaration  of  the 
-state  and  charge  of  the  newe  erectide  hospitalles." 
(The  B.  M.  copy  is  Harl.  MS.,  No.  604,176, 
•there  are  also  copies  at  Cambridge,  Arch- 
-bishop  Parker's  Library,  Corpus  Christi, 
and  in  a  private  library. ) 

The  next  work  is  apparently  a  re -issue 
-by  Graf  ton  (3).  Its  title  indicates  its  wider 
scope  : — 

"The  Order  of  the  Hospitalls  of  K.  Henry 
the  VHIth  and  K.  Edward  the  Vlth,  viz.,  St. 
Bartholomew's,  Christ's,  Bridewell,  St.  Thomas's. 
By  the  Maior,  Cominalitie  and  Citizens  of 
.London,  Governours  of  the  Possessions,  Revenues 
and  Goods  of  the  sayd  Hospitalls,  1557." 

"There  is  no  colophon  or  other  indication  of 
printer,  but  Mr.  J.  A.  Kingdon,  in  his 
"monograph  'Richard  Grafton,'  says  of 
-fchis  and  the  1552  volume  : — 

"  The  two  are  so  similar  in  design  and  con~ 
formation,  their  production  so  similarly  on  each 
-occasion  at  the  end  of  Grafton's  term  of  office, 
that  identity  of  authorship  can  hardly  be  doubted. 
Grafton  must  have  had  much  to  do  with  it  even 
if  merely  one  of  a  number  appointed  to  draw  it 
up." 

There  is  not  the  similarity  of  conforma- 
tion that  Mr.  Kingdon  claims.  The  later 


work  is  12mo,  whereas  its  prototype  is  8vo  ; 
the  metter  also  has  been  enlarged,  and  while 
agreeing  as  to  the  identity  of  authorship  I 
would  suggest  that  the  larger  purpose  of  these 
Rules  for  the  Order  was  the  intention  of  this 
re-issue.  It  is  this  work  (3)  that  is  said  to 
have  been  reprinted  at  a  much  later  date. 

R.  Rawlinson  ('JEnglish  Topographer,' 
1720,  p.  144) says :— 

"  This  Book  has  been  since  reprinted  in  the 
old  characters  and  in  the  same  size." 

Yet  neither  this  bibliographer  nor  others 
consulted  identify  this  reprint  that  is  pre- 
sumably the  so-called  Pepys  reprint.  The 
late  Mr.  Wheatley  informed  me  that  Pepys 
had  the  1557  edition  reproduced  so  exactly 
that  all  copies  bearing  that  date  would  be 
suspect.  The  occasion  for  the  Pepys  re- 
print would  be  the  seme  for  all  subsequent 
Governors  of  the  hospitals,  knowledge  of  the 
rules  and  orders.  It  was  this  that  probably 
led  to  the  provision  of  other  re-issues, 
notably  that  of  1652  (4)  which  was  reprinted 
by  Dr.  Morant  Baker,  1885  (5).  In  his 
prefatory  note  it  is  stated  that  the  issue  of 
1652  is  a  reprint  of  the  original  pamphlet  of 
1552  which  "  was  again  printed  in  1580."  (6). 
I  have  not  seen  a  copy  of  the  1652  edition, 
but  if  Dr.  Baker's  facsimile  is  accurate  it  is 
p«n  entirely  different  work  from  the  original 
pamphlet 'of  1552.  The  J580  issue  is  also 
otherwise  unknown  to  me  and  I  take  leave 
to  question  the  attribution  of  date.  The 
succession  of  these  re-issues  would  be  cor- 
rectly identified  and  not  subject  to  confusion 
if  the  so-called  Pepys  reprint  was  'definitely 
known  and  described. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF  1740. 

(See  12  S.  ii.  passim  :  iii.  46,  103,  267,  354,  408,  438  :  vi.  184.  233,  242,  290,  329  ; 
vii.  83,  125,  146,  165,  187,  204,  265,  308,  327,  365,  423.) 

The  next  regiment  (p.  71)  is  one  of   four  which  were  raised  in  Holland  in  1674  for 
-service  under  the  Dutch  Government. 

It  was  brought  on  to  the  establishment  of  the  British  Army  (ranking  as  the  Fifth 
Regiment  of  Foot)  in  1689,  having  been  one  of  the  regiments  which  came  over  to  England 
-on  1688  with  the  Prince  of  Orange  to  join  in  the  rebellion  against  James  I.  In  1782  the 
territorial  designation  "Northumberland"  was  added  to  its  title,  and  in  1833  it  was 
equipped  as  Fusiliers  and  designated  the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Foot,  Northumberland 
•Fusiliers  :  it  is  now  (1920)  "The  Northumberland  Fusiliers." 

Dates  of  their  Dates  of  their  first 

present  commissions.  commissions. 


Colonel  Irwin's  Regiment  of  Foot. 
•Colonel  . .  . .     Alexander  Irwin  (1) 

Charles  William  Pearce 


^Lieutenant-  Colonel 
Major 


James  Paterson  (2) 


27  June  1737         Ensign  1689. 

1  Jan.    1735/6      ditto,        14  June  1703. 
1  Jan.    1735/6     Lieutenant,   0   May,   1709. 


(1)  Major-General,  Feb.  24,  1744  ;  Lieut.-General,  1748.     Died  in  1762. 

(2)  Appointed  Lieut.-Colonel  in  the  7th  Regiment  of  Marines  on  Jan.  24,  1741  ;  Major-General 
.  June  25,  1759  ;  Lieut.-General,  Jan.  19,  1761.     Died  at  Richmond,  1771. 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  1,1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Colonel  Irwin's  Regiment  of  Foot 
(continued). 

fDaniel  Pacquer  (3) 
I  Arthur  Balfour 
|  George  Lestanquett 
Captains        . .  .     <  Charles  Fitzroy 

Peter  Bruneval 
George  Crawfurd 
I  Gilbert  Keene 

'Captain  Lieutenant  ..     William  Hele    .. 

'Andrew  Crew  (4) 
Gary  Godby 
Ralph  Urwen   . . 
John  Purcell     . . 

Lieutenants    . .          . .  J  Robert  Cuthbertson 
Michael  Mitchell  (5) 
John  Irwin  (6) 
Lambert  Vanriell 
•  George  Lovell  . . 

{John  Fenwrick  (7) 
James  Reid  (8) 
Henry  Bourne 
Henry  Fletcher 
James  Edmonstoune 
John  Edgworth 
Mead   Vanlewen  (9)     , 

The  names  here  following  are  entered 
<Captain  .          ,.     Geo.  Fowke 

Captain  Lieutenant  . .     Jno.  Corneille  . . 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 

9  June  1721 

.      22  Dec.   1728 

1  June  1733 

.      20  June  1735 

1  Jan.    1735/6 
.      14  Jan.    1737 
20  June  1739 


1 

Jan. 

1735/6 

ditto 

..     22 

Aug. 

1722 

ditto 

..     25 

Aug. 

1722 

ditto 

..      24 

Nov. 

1722 

ditto 

1 

June 

1724 

ditto 

.      11 

Mar. 

1731  /2 

ditto 

1 

Jan. 

1735/6 

ditto 

.     14 

Jan. 

1737 

ditto 

1 

May 

1739 

ditto 

.     20?June, 

1739 

ditto 

.      13 

Oct. 

1723 

7 

Feb. 

1737 

1 

Hay 

1739 

2 

May 

1739 

.      19 

June 

1739 

.  .      15 

Dec. 

1738 

.  .      20 

June 

1739 

Dates  of  their 
first  commissions, 
ditto  8  July   1708. 

2nd  Lieutenant  1708. 
ditto  1728. 

Cornet  10  May  1721. 
Ensign  24  Juiie  1710. 
Lieutenant  2  July  1735' 
Ensign  11  Mar'.  1710/11. 

5  Apr.   1720. 

1  Nov.  1710. 
25  Aug.  1709. 

24  Sept.  1709. 

5  Jan.    1715/16. 
31   May   1722. 

25  Aug.  1722. 
8  July  1736. 

24  Nov.  1722. 
24  Mar.  1730/31. 


^Ensigns 


rWm.  Wilkinson 

Christopher  Barbutt   . 

Lewis  Nicole     . . 

Henry  Troughear 
.Chudley  Deering  (10) 


(3)  Major,  Feb.  8,  1741. 

(4)  Captain,  Feb.  8,  1741. 

(5)  Captain.  June  8,  1749. 

.(6)  LieuL-Colonel,  Nov.  27,  1752. 


on  the  interleaf  in  ink  ; — 
..13  Mar.  1740/1 
..     13  Mar.  1740/1 

..      15  Jan.    1739/40 
..      15  Jan.    1739/40 
..      15  Jan.    1739/40 
..      13  Mar.  1740/1 
6  June  1741 

(7)  Lieutenant,  Jan.  15,  1741. 

(8)  Lieutenant,  J\me  6,  1741. 

(9)  Lieutenant,  July  9,  1745. 
(10)  Captain,  Apr.  15,     1749. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Colonel  (Retired  List). 
(To  be  continued.) 


LINES  BY  TENNYSON. — The  following  lines 
•of  Lord  Tennyson  in  the  autograph  of  the 
poet  were  sold  at  a  sale  at  Sotheby's  as 
lot  159  on  Feb.  28,  1910,  and  seem  to 
-deserve  a  wider  circulation  than  the  sale 
^catalogue  : — 

O  subtle  various  world, 
Not  all  concealed, 
Relation  !   Difference ! 
O  termless  field  ! 
Fair  feast  of  soul  and  sense 
In  part  revealed. 

O  soul  reflecting  forms 
No  words  can  reach, 
Comparing,  at  thy  will, 
Each  form  with  each. 
Let  tears  of  wonder  fill 
Thy  void  of  speech. 


Oxford. 


FAMA. 


THE  IDENTITY  OF  FRANCIS  LOVELACE* 
GOVERNOR  OF  NEW  YORK. — The  writer  on 
the  Lovelace  family  in  the  'D.N.B.'  states 
that  Francis  Lovelace,  Governor  of  New 
York,  1668-73,  was  a  son  of  Richard,  1st 
Baron  Lovelace  of  Hurley,  and  adds  that  he 
"  must  be  carefully  distinguished  from  Francis 
Lovelace  {d.  1664),  Recorder  of  Canterbury,  and 
from  Colonel  Francis  Lovelace,  brother  of  Richard 
the  Poet." 

Further  research,  however,  would  seem 
to  prove  beyond  a  doubt  that  Governor 
Lovelace  was  indeed  a  brother  of  Richard 
the  poet,  and  a  son  of  Sir  William  Lovelace, 
Kt.,  of  Woolwich,  by  Anne  Barne  his  wife. 

The  writer  in  the  'D.N.B.'  seems  to  have 
been  unaware  of  an  Ashmolean  MS.  entitled 
'Interment  of  Mr.  Wm.  Lovelace,  New 
York,  1671,'  which  has  been  reprinted  in 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,  1921 


The  American  Historical  Review,  vol.  ix. 
(Macmillan,  N.  Y.,  1904),  and  which  contains 
an  account  of  the  funeral  procession. 
Amongst  those  present  at  the  ceremony 
were  : — 

8.  Tho :  Lovelace  Esq.,  father  of  the  deceased  and 
his  Lady  in  close  Mourning. 

10.  Coll :  ffraucis  Lovelace  p'sent  Governor  of  New 

Yorke   and    uncle   to  the  deceased  in  close 
Mourning  single. 

11.  Capt.  :    Dudley    Lovelace    uncle   also    to    the 

deceased  in  like  Mourning  single. 

The  '  Minutes  '  of  the  Executive  Council  of 
New  York  (Albany,  1910),.  state  that 
"  Thomas  Lovelace,  brother  of  the  Governor, 
was  at  this  time  (1672)  Alderman  of  New 
York  City,"  having  been  so  appointed 
Oct.  31,  1671,  and  was  a  Captain  in  the 
Foot  Company  of  Staten  Island  on  July  1, 
1672. 

Again,  in  The  Magazine  of  History,  vol.  i. 
(New  York,  1905)  there  are  to  be  found 
several  letters  reprinted  from  a  MS.  in  the 
Congressional  Library,  one  of  which,  from 
Governor  Lovelace,  refers  to  "my  neece, 
Mrs.  Ruth  Gorsuch  "  (who  had  married 
William  Whitby  of  Virginia,  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses,  1653)  with  regard  to 
the  guardianship  of  her  son  William,  by 
Thomas  Todd  of  Virginia,  husband  of  her 
sister,  Anne  Gorsuch.  Further  particulars 
of  these  families,  too  long  to  quote  here,  are 
to  be  seen  in  the  above-named  magazine. 

These  records,  then,  establish  the  fact 
that  Governor  Francis  Lovelace  had  brothers 
named  Thomas  and  Dudley,  and  a  sister 
married  to  a  Mr.  Gorsuch  :  no  such  persons, 
however,  are  to  be  found  in  the  pedigrees 
of  the  Barons  Lovelace  of  Hurley  as  issue 
of  the  first  Baron  Lovelace.  On  turning  to 
the  pedigrees  of  Lovelace  of  Woolwich,  as 
given  in  Berry's  'County  Genealogies' 
(County  of  Kent),  and  ^in  Archceologia 
Cantiana,  vol.  x.,  &c.,  we  find  Col.  Francis 
Lovelace  with  his  brothers  Thomas,  Richard 
the  poet,  and  Capt.  Dudley,  and  a  sister 
Anne  (married  to  the  Rev.  John  Gorsuch 
or  Gorsage,  Rector  of  Walkern,  Herts, 
whose  pedigree  is  to  be  found  in  'The 
Visitation  of  London,  1633-4,'  Harl.  Soc., 
p.  327),  all  children  of  Sir  William  Lovelace 
of  Woolwich. 

As  the  above  quotations  are  mainly  from 
American  publications,  which  may  not  be 
readily  available  to  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.', 
it  is  hoped  that  they  may  serve  to  correct 
a  long-standing  error. 

C.  CLABKSON  SHAW,  Capt. 


"  ROMANTIQUE.  " — The  year  1821  is  gener- 
ally accepted  as  the  opening  of  the  Romantic 
Movement  in  France,  and  the  origin  of  the 
term  "  Romantique  "  or  "L'Ecole  Roman- 
tique  "  seems  to  have  puzzled  many  British 
and  American  writers  of  centenary  articles 
and  even  books.  J.  Demogeot  in  his 
'Histoire  de  la  Litterature  Fran£aise  ' 
(Paris,  Hachette,  1st  ed.,  1861  ;  7th  ed., 
1866)  says : — 

"  Mme.  de  Stael  avait  la  premiere,  en  France,, 
prononc^  le  mot  romantique.  Elle  d^signait 
ainsi  la  po^sie  '  dont  les  chants  des  troubadours 
ont  e'te'  1'origine,  celle  qui  est  .nee  de  la  cbevalerie 
et  du  christianisme.'  On  sait  que  ces  chants 
avaient  eu  pour  premier  organe  les  langues  neo- 
latines  qu'on  appelait  romanes,  et  les  poemes 
Merits  en  ces  langues  et  nommes  pour  cette 
raison  rowans." 

Mme  de  Stael  died  in  1817,  but  her 
famous  work  on  'L'Allerr.agne  '  and  her 
novel  *  Corinne  '  enrolled  her  among  the 
prophets  of  'L'Ecole  Romantique.' 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36  Somerleyton  Koad,  Brixton,  S.W. 

GILES  CAPEL,  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College^- 
Oxford,  1540;  Rector  of  Duloe,  Cornwall' 
1541,  M.A.j  1545;  Rector  of  How  Capel» 
Herefordshire,  1549  ;  Prebendary  of  White 
Lackington  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of 
Wells  and  Rector  of  Yeovilton,  Somerset, 
both  in  1554  ;  was  deprived  of  these  two 
latter  preferments  in  1560,  and  went  to 
Louvain  where  he  was  living  in  1562  and 
1572.  On  July  3,  1574,  he  (described  as 
formerly  a  Canon  of  Bath  and  as  aged  about 
60)  was  provided  to  a  Canonry  at  Bruges  by 
Pope  Gregory  XIII.  (Archivio  Vaticano,. 
Arm.  lii.  t.  31  ;  Arm.  xliv,  t.  22  f.  206d). 
According  to  the'  Concertatio  Ecclesise  '  he 
died  abroad  before  1588.  What  else  is 
known  about  him  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES,. 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE. — It  would  be  quite  a 
good  thing  for  topographical  scholars  to 
know  where  to  turn  for  information  con- 
cerning a  county  not  their  own,  and  a  list 
might  be  made  of  really  first-class  repre- 
sentative County  Libraries  by  correspondents 
of  'N.  &Q.' 

As  far  as  my  knowledge  goes  the  best 
West  Riding  Library  is  at  the  Bradford 
Public  Library  (Mr.  Butler  Wood),  the 
Library  Committee  having  wisely  acquired 
the  library  of  the  late  C.  A.  Federer  and 
the  topographical  part  of  that  of  the  late 
J.  Norton  Dickon's  library  —  two  noted- 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  i,  1921.]     ,  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


Yorkshire    collectors.       I  take  it   that   Hull  I  Seas,  are  actually  peopled  by  the  relicts  of  these 

Public     Library    (Mr.     T.     Shepperd)    owns   anJ?Tn£  Persians. 

the  best  East  Riding  collection.  for  ™£  ££«"{,  °aP?™^i'e 

The  Exeter  Free  Library  has  undoubtedly  who  went  that  voyage,  to  whom  I  was  indebted 
the  finest  collection  of  Devon  books  in  the  for  many  of  the  particulars  published  therein  ; 
world  and  the  library  of  T.  Cann  Hughes  and  who  is  dead  since  they  were  published.  Of 
of.  Lancaster  is  probably  the  best  private  ' this  *entleman  I  ver*  carefullv  enquired  what  the 


-|-x  -««.  11  •".  -     I     J.  tCKOV_fAJ.O         V>t.iti         YY  JJ.J.V/AJL        JLLJ.  U.  U\^;U.        JJ.J.XAA       CVJJV4.        JO.1O        \y^J_H  - 

Devonian  library.  My  own  collection  of  panions  to  advance  that  notion,  which  at  first 
something  like  3,500  books,  &c,.  of  Cornish  sight  is  none  of  the  most  probable.  He  told  me 
interest  may  be  considered  the  best  Cornish  the  causes  were  chiefly  three  :  First,  that  their 
collection  and  information  from  them  con-  I  ^^^^^AJ^^^*?^^10^^^^ 
cerning  the  county  I  shall  be  glad  to  supply 

to  correspondents  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  I  inhabitants  of  Africa,  or  of  India  ;  for  whereas  the 

J.  HAMBLEY  ROWE.  |  former  are  of  a  black,  and  the  latter  of  a  reddish 
or  iron  colour  ;  these  were  of  a  light  olive,  yet 
their  aspects  differed  absolutely  from  the  Chinese 
or  Tartars.  The  second  cause  he  assigned,  was 

(ftiti»rtpr  their   worshipping    the    Sun    and    Fire  ;    turning 

^Z *********  towards  the  east  when  they  prayed,  and  using  a 

WE    must    request  correspondents   desiring    inJ  low  or  whispering  voice,  all  of  which  are  suitable 

&328S  sss  ssis*  sas  $sr  =  ^S^^VSSfS 

a  order  that  answer  n,ay  be  sent  to  the™  Loot.    |  g-ggtbyg.*  ff^^'^  SMS 

their  great  industry  in  several  ingenious  nianu- 
WAS    THERE    A    PARSI    COLONY    IN    THE  I  factures.     I  shall  not  take  upon  me  to  determine 


e,  «  Q-  £  Ti  what  credit  is  due  to  these  conjectures,  but  shall 
&EAS ,?-  -bince  his  famous  exodus  content  myself  with  observing,  that  they  are 
irom  Persia  in  the  eighth  century  A.D.,  the  worth  remembering  ;  and  considering  perhaps, 
Parsi  has  emigrated  to  whatever  places  his  OUT  posterity  may  have  an  opportunity  by  con- 
instinct — commercial,  benevolent  or  roving versing  with  these  people,  to  enter  into  them 

has  drifted  him  to.     Naoroji  Rustomji  Seth    more  minutely-" 

was  the  first  Parsi,  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  Commodore  Roggewin's  Voyage,  referred 
first  Indian,  to  go  to  England  in  1723  A.D.  to  m  the  above  excerpt,  seems  to  be  a  scarce 
Australia,  Germany  and  China,  Natal  and  work.  It  is  certainly  not  in  any  of  the 
Ceylon,  Arabia  and  Aden,  Karachee  and  Bombay  libraries.  Whether  it  could  be 
Rangoon,  Madras  and  Mecca,  and  various  traced  in  Calcutta  libraries,  I  know  not. 
parts  of  this  country  have  all  claimed  him  But  there  is  one  book  '  The  Voyage  of  Cap- 
as  their  denizen  in  one  or  other  capacity tain  Don  Felipe  Gonzalez  to  Easter  Island, 

as  an  agriculturer,  shop-keeper,  trader,  1770-71,'  by  B.  G.  Corney,  1908  (Hakluyt 
traveller  or  settler.  Society  Publication,  Series  2,  vol.  xiii.)in  the 

It  is  in  Pinkerton's  '  Voyages  and  Travels  '   B<>ni|>ay  Branch  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society 
(vol.  ix.,  London,  1811,  p.  229)  that  I  have   whlch  c(mtams  an  extract  from  the  official 
come  across  a  curious  passage  which  seems   lo^l°.f  <Jn.e  "  Mx'  Jac  °£  Bgggeveen 
to  point  to  a  probable  Colony  of  the  Parsis  in   *°  hls,  Kf^tS7  f  Island'    . 

the  South  Seas.     It  runs  thus  :—  (?P-,  1'26)'     These  P^ges  make  no  mention 

of  the  conjecture  of  a     Parsi  colony  in  the 

lay  the  whole  plan  of  the  Persian    gouth  Seas,  which,  according  to  the  above 
ySSffSSiS^  the   Commodore   ha!  made   in  his 

tanism,    is   very  near  the  same  that  it  was  three    book  of  voyage. 

thousand  years  ago  ;  and  yet  the  Parsees,  who         In  the  words  of  the  above  excerpt,  I  shall 
the  ancient  people  of  Persia,    not,  for  the  present,  take  upon  myself  to 
to    whom    the    constitution    belonged,    are    now  j-,          j  J.TI- 

reduced  to  so  inconsiderable  a  remnant,  that  it  determine  what  credit  is  due  to  this  con- 
is  doubted  whether  there  may  be  ten  thousand  jecture  of  Roggewin,  but  shall  content  myself 
souls  left  in  Persia  of  this  race.  Those  that  are  with  observing  that  it  is  worth  remembering 
ed,  i  erve  their  primitive  customs,  |  and  investigating  by  abler  hands.  In  the 

_  itime   will   any    reader     enlighten    me 

indeed  "true",  that •  thenT  is' another  small  colony^f  I  as    to    any    mention  of    a   Parsi    colony  in 
these  people  in  the  Ihdies,  and  it  may  not  be    the    South   Seas  in  Commodore  Roggewin's 

.iss  to  put  the  reader  in  mind  of  a  conjecture,    Voyage  or  in  any  other  book  ? 
mentioned    m    Commodore    Roggewin's    voyage,  -D     XT 

that  some  islands,  discovered  by  him  in  the  South  I      Tardeo,  Bombay.  ifc  ».. 


TVT 

-MuNSHI- 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vra.  JAN.  i,  1921. 


HOOK  :  OXENBRIDGE  :  MORTON  :  POR- 
TRAITS WANTED. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  information  about  portraits  of 
three  prominent  seventeenth- century  divines, 
two  of  whom  graduated  at  Oxford  and  one 
at  Cambridge  ? 

They  were  all  identified  with  America  at 
one  time  or  another.  These  are  the  Rev. 
William  Hook,  a  Hampshire  man  born  in 
1601  ;  the  Rev.  John  Oxenbridge  of  the 
same  county,  born  in  1609  ;  and  the  Rev. 
Charles  Morton,  perhaps  born  in  Wales  in 
1626.  They  are  all  mentioned  in  the 
'  Dictionary  of  National  Biography. '  I  think 
there  must  be  portraits  of  these  men,  and 
I  should  like  to  know  of  them. 

C.  K.  BOLTON. 

G.  PYE,  BOOK-PLATE  DESIGNER. — I  should 
feel  grateful  for  particulars  about  this 
designer  who  nourished  between  1790  and 
1810,  making  a  speciality  of  pictorial  and 
armorial  plates.  He  is  believed  to  have 
had  business  establishments  in  Birmingham 
and  Manchester.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

COLLECTIONS  SOLD  BY  AUCTION,  LONDON, 
1714. — Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  tell  me 
what  collections  of  pictures  and  sculptures 
were  sold  by  auction  in  London  in  1714 — 
old  or  new  style  ?  I  should  be  very  grateful 
for  information. 

(Mrs.)  RACHAEL  POOLE. 
The  Museum  House,  Oxford. 

WHO  WAS  JOHNSON'S  "  PRETTY  VOLUM- 
INOUS AUTHOUR  "  ? — Boswell,  under  1769, 
(near  the  end)  says  : — 

"  Johnson  spoke  unfavourably  of  a  certain 
pretty  voluminous  authour,  saying :  '  He  used 
to  write  anonymous  books,  and  then  other  books 
commending  those  books,  in  which  there  was 
something  of  rascality.'  " 

It  seems  to  me  that,  whoever  this  may  be, 
a  little  humour  must  be  allowed  for  in  the 
word  "rascality." 

Was  this  Swedenborg  ?  The  '  Arcana 
Caelestia  '  (London,  1749-56)  were  anony- 
mous, and  in  later  and  smaller  works 
('Heaven  and  Hell,'  1758,  &c.)  Swedenborg 
gives  long  quotations  from  the  '  Arcana  ' ; 
in  'Heaven  and  Hell,'  two-thirds  of  the 
pages  quote  the  'Arcana.'  Moreover,  all 
his  religious  works  were  anonymous  until 
1768,  when  his  name  appeared  on  the  title- 
page  of  the  'De  Amore  Conjugali.'  This 
work,  published  at  Amsterdam  in  that 
year,  would  be  a  natural  topic  in  London 
in  the  next. 


Boswell  would  obviously  feel  a  delicacy 
about  mentioning  Johnson's  hostile  remark 
with  the  name  of  Swedenborg  attached,  as 
he  was  already  attracting  influential  fol- 
lowers who  were  busy  translating  his  Latin 
when  Boswell  was  writing. 

ALBERT  J.  EDMUNDS. 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

J.  E.  GORDON,  ETCHER. — In.  1848  Joseph 
Candall,  12  Old  Bond  Street,  issued  an 
album  of  38  little  etchings,  mostly  of  Ger- 
many and  the  Isle  of  Wight,  by  J.  E.  Gordon. 
What  is  known  of  him — or  her  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37  Bedford  Square,  W.C. 

THE  BRITISH  IN  CORSICA. — Who  were  the 
officers  and  what  were  the  regiments  and 
ships  engaged  in  the  three  occupations  by 
the  British  of  Bastia,  San  Fiorenzo  and 
Calvi  in  Corsica  in  the  years  1745,  1794,  and 
1814  ? 

Bastia  was  in  1814  captured  by  the 
insurgents,  I  think,  and  handed  over  by 
them  to  the  British.  Did  the  latter  invade 
Calvi  ? 

There  was  a  General  Dundas  engaged  in 
the  operations  in  1794,  and  he  was  succeeded 
by  General  D'Aubant  and,  in  1814,  General 
Montresor,  but  beyond  these  surnames  I  can 
find  no  particulars  of  them  and  the  'D.N.B..' 
is  in  Corsica  not  available. 

PENRY  LEWIS. 

Ajaccio. 

"BELIEVE." — I  shall  be  glad  to  know 
whether  any  new  material  is  available  since 
the  publication  of  the  'Oxford  English 
Dictionary  '  as  to  this  verb, — in  particular 
as  to  its  use  in  sense  3:  "Believe  in  (a 
person  or  thing),  i.e.,  in  its  actual  existence 
or  occurrence  " — at  an  earlier  date  than 
the  quotation  of  1716  from  Lady  Mary 
Wortley  Montague's  'Letters,'  ix.  1.  29.  ^ 

Q.  V. 

ALIUSTREL  BRONZE  TABLES. — In  1876  an 
ancient  bronze  table  was  discovered  in  the 
copper  and  silver  mine  at  Aliustrel  in  Por- 
tugal, both  sides  of  which  were  covered  with 
a  Latin  text.  A  second  such  table  was  dis- 
covered in  the  same  mine  in  May,  1906, 
inscribed  with  ancient  mining  regulations. 
The  text  of  the  first  table  was  dealt  with  by 
M.  Mispoulet  in  an  article  entitled 
regime  des  mines  a  1'epoque  romaine  et  au 
Moyen-Age,  d'apres  la  table  d' Aliustrel 
in  the  Nouvelle  Revue  historique  du  Droit 
fran^ais  et  etranger  for  1907.  The  text  of 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


the  second  table  was  published  and  dis 
•cussed  by  Signor  Cattaneo  in  the  Resocont 
delle  riunioni  delV  Associazione  Mineraria 
Sarda  (Anno  XH.).  As  I  am  unable  to 
-consult  either  of  these  foreign  periodicals 
\A-ill  some  kind  reader  tell  me  whether  1  can 
find  anything  about  these  tables  in  an 
English  publication.  L.  L.  K. 

MR.  JOHN  DENTON,  "Rector  of  Stone- 
grave  in  Yorks,  and  Prebendary  of  York  ' 
— so  styled  on  the  gravestone  of  his  daughter 
Mrs.  Hellen  Cock  (widow  of  William  Cock, 
mercer,  of  Kendall,  Westmorland)  who  died 
Jan.  12,  1762,  aged  81.  No  John  Denton 
occurs  as  Prebendary  of  York  in  Le  Neve's 
*  Fasti,'  ed.  Hardy.  The  Stonegrave  clergy 
list  gives  Robert  Denton,  M.A.,  of  Catherine 
Hall,  Camb,  as  rector  from  May  27,  1700, 
to  his  death  June  1,  1747.  Is  the  inscription 
in  error  ?  J.  W.  F. 

SCOTT  OF  ESSEX.  (See  7  S.  vi.  194). — At 
this  reference  C.  GOLDING  of  Colchester 
mentions  a  MS.  pedigree  of  the  Scott  family 
of  Glemsford,  co.  Suffolk,  in  his  possession. 
I  should  like  to  learn  of  the  present  where- 
abouts of  this  MS.  C.  B.  A. 

BEVERLEY  WHITING,  son  of  Henry  Whit- 
ing of  Virginia  matriculated  at  Oxford 
TTniversity  from  Ch.  Ch.  in  1722.  Can  any 
American  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give 
me  further  particulars  of  this  man  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

BRONCIVIMONT  BEER. — In  his  'Travels 
Tavernier,  writing  of  Batavia,  says,  "  one 
must  pay  40  sols  for  a  pint  of  beer,  whether 
English  or  of  Broncivimont. "  Where  was 
this  beer  brewed,  and  what  was  its  peculia- 
rity ?  EMERITUS. 

SAVERY  FAMILY  OF  MARLBOROUGH,  WILTS. 
— I  should  be  very  grateful  for  information 
respecting  Martha,  the  wife  of  Servington 
Savery,  M.D.,  of  Marlborough,  who  died  in 
1096,  aged  34.  What  was  her  maiden 
name  ?  She  is  buried  at  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Marlborough,  and  her  arms  impaled  with 
those  of  her  husband  on  the  monument 
in  the  church  (tinctures  not  expressed,  the 
colours  being  probably  worn  away),  are  a 
chevron  between  three  crosses  moline,  two 
and  one. 

I  should  also  be  glad  to  know  the  maiden 
name  of  Mary,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Serving- 
ton  Savery,  A.M.,  of  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford,  only  grandson  of  the  above  Serving- 
ton  Savery,  M.D.  She  died  Dec.  23,  1766, 


aged  51,  and  is  buried  with  her  husband  at 
St.  Peter's  Church  and  to  whom  there  was 
originally  a  brass  on  the  floor  of  the  chancel 
which  disappeared  at  the  restoration  of  the 
church  in  1864.  LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

'THE  WESTERN  MISCELLANY,'  1775  AND 
1776. — There  has  just  recently  come  into 
my  hand  a  volume  in  old  binding,  appar- 
ently co-eval  with  or  circa  the  above  date, 
the  contents  of  which  are  pp.  541-660,  with 
title-page  and  index  of  vol.  v.  of  TheWestern 
Miscellany,  pp.  25-648  of  vol.  vi.,  and  the 
first  weekly  part  of  vol.  vii.,  viz.,  for  Monday, 
Oct.  7,  1776,  pp.  1-24,  printed  at  Sherborne, 
by  R.  Goadby. 

The  contents  are  of  a  miscellaneous 
character  and  a  feature  was  the  provision 
weekly  of  two  to  four  pages  of  Enigmas, 
Rebuses,  Mathematical,  Algebraic  and  As- 
tronomical problems,  nearly  all  both  as 
questions  and  solutions,  being  versified  and 
contributed  by  persons  residing  in  the  west, 
from  Cornwall  upwards. 

Can  your  readers  oblige  with  particulars 
of  its  continuance  after  1776,  the  names  of 
its  editors,  &c.  W.  S.  B.  H. 

HAMBLY  HOUSE,  STREATHAM. — A  12mo 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1823,  has  inside 
its  front  cover  a  label  of  crimson  leather 
lettered  in  gold  : — 

"  This  prize  book  was  adjudged  to  Master 
T.  H.  Davison  who  was  first  in  the  4th  class  in 
the  examination  at  Hambly  House,  Streatham, 
June  16,  1827." 

Was  the  house  named  a  well-known  academy, 
and  where  in  Streatham  was  it  situated  ? 

W.  B.  H. 

"BARONS." — In  proceedings  for  trespass 
brought  by  John  Payne  against  John  Arthur 
it  was  alleged  that  the  latter  on  Nov.  30, 
1491,  by  force  and  arms,  namely  with  sticks 
and  knives  fished  in  the. several  (i.e., private) 
fishery  of  John  Payne  at  Weston-super-Mare 
and  took  and  carried  away  100  horse-loads 
of  fish  called  "barons,"  400  fish  called 
"tubbelyns,"  300  "  haddokkes,"  and  200 
''whitynges,"  and  inflicted  other  enormities 
bo  his  serious  injury. 

"Tubbelyns"  we  know,  for  young  cod 
are  still  known  by  that  name,  here,  on  the 
shore  of  the  Severn  Sea,  and  haddock  we 
snow,  and  whiting  we  know,  but  we  are 
sorely  and  sadly  puzzled  about  "  barons  ": 
nany  dictionaries  we  have  searched  in  vain, 
and  local  inquiries  have  produced  no  results. 
Evidently  they  were  a  small  fish,  too  small 
to  be  counted  separately  like  cod,  haddock 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,  1921. 


or  whiting,  and  were  only  dealt  with  by  the 
horse-load.  November  is  the  month  for 
sprat  fishing,  and  great  quantities  of  them, 
boat-loads  of  them,  are  caught  here  every 
autumn.  We  rather  think  that  "barons  ": 
must  be  sprats,  but  we  have  no  authority 
for  this  surmise,  and  it  would  appear  that 
we  shall  not  have  any  such  authority,  until 
the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  pelt  us  with  replies. 

ERNEST  E.  BAKER. 
The  Glebe  House,  Weston-super-Mare. 

JOHN  HUGHES  OF  LIVERPOOL,  A.D.  1706. — 
Particulars  of  the  parentage  and  education 
of  John  Hughes  are  desired. 

He  transcribed,  "in  Mason's  characters," 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  and  Adminis- 
tration of  the  Sacraments,  together  with  the 
Psalter  or  Psalms  of  David,  &c.,  at  Liver- 
pool, 1706.  WALLACE  GANDY. 
78  Egmont  Road,  Sutton,  Surrey. 

DANIEL  DEFOE  IN  THE  PILLORY. — Pope 
says  that  Daniel  Defoe,  author  of  '  Robinson 
Crusoe,'  when  put  in  the  pillory,  had  his 
ears  cut  off.  But  I  cannot  verify  this  as  a 
fact.  Defoe  stood  in  the  pillory  on  July  29, 
30  and  31,  1703.  His  offence  was,  I  believe, 
that  of  writing  against  the  High  Church  party. 
I  should  like  to  know  precise  facts  of  his 
mutilation  and  offence.  G.  B.  M. 

WOODBURN  COLLECTION. — I  have  several 
drawings  and  pictures  which  have  on  their 
reverse  sides  notes  to  the  effect  that  they 
came  from  "  the  Woodburn  Collection."  I 
should  be  pleased  if  any  reader  could  give 
me  any  information  concerning  it. 

A.  STANTON  WHITFIELD. 

Bentley  Moor,  Walsall. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
1.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  source  of  the 
quotation     appended — which     appeared     in     an 
obituary   notice    in    The,    Times   within    the   last 
twelve  months.     The  Chief  Constable  of  Lanca- 
shire  is   desirous  of  using  it  (with  acknowledg- 
ments) on  the  memorial  that  is  being  erected  to 
the  men  of  the  force  who  fell. 
Shall  we  not  offer  up  our  best  and  highest  ? 
When  duty  calls  can  we  forbear  to  give  ? 
This  be  thy  record  where  in  peace  thou  liest — 
'  He  gave  his  life  that  England's  soul  should  live." 
I  should  be  glad  to  be  informed  if  it  is  copy- 
right. ARTHUR  BRIERLEY. 

2.  O  England,  in  the  smoking  trenches  dying 

For  all  the  world, 
We   hold  our  breath,   and  watch  your  bright 

flag  flying, 
While  ours  is  furled. 

These  lines  aresa  id  to  have  been  published  in  a 
New  York  newspaper  in  February,  1915.  What 
was  the  paper,  and  who  was  the  author  ? 

HARMATOPEGOS. 


JUpius. 

CRUIKSHANK    AND   WESTMINSTER 
SCHOOL. 

(12     S.     i.     347). 

LOOKING  back  through  the  war  volumes  of 
*N.  &  Q.'  I  have  just  come  across  URLLAD 's 
query.  I  also  have  a  copy  of  the  cutting. 
The  picture  and  letterpress  form  part  of  a 
review  of 

'"The  Devil's  Walk.'  By  Coleridge  and 
Southey.  A  New  Edition,  with  several  additional 
Engravings  by  Robert  Cruikshank.  Sirnpkin  & 
Marshall." 

The  commencement  of  the  review,  printed 
above  the  picture,  is  as  follows : — 

"  Nearly  thirty  thousand  copies  of  this  jeu  d1  esprit 
having  been  already  disposed  of,  we  do  not  pretend 
to  sit  in  judgment  on  its  merit  in  the  eleventh  hour. 
It  is,  perhaps,  all  things  considered,  one  of  the 
riost  singular  poems  ever  penned ;  having  given 
rise  to  almost  endless  controversy  respecting  its- 
real  authorship.  That  point  is  now,  however, 
satisfactorily  ascertained,  and  with  its  new  illus- 
trations we  consider  it  a  rare  morqtau.  Our  artist, 
Robert  Cruikshank,  seems  to  have  entered  into  the 
spirit  of  the  author  with  a  real  gusto,  and  has 
given  us  some  rich  specimens  of  his  extraordinary 
talent.  We  select,  by  the  kind  permission  of  the 
Proprietor,  the  following  characteristic  sketch  of" 

The  remainder  of  the .  review  is  quoted  by 
URLLAD,  subject  to  the  following  corrections, 
no  doubt  where  his  copy  is  frayed:  for 
"  very  correct  "  read  "  A  very  correct  " ;  for 
"  our  hero  "read  "  for  our  hero  "  ;  for  "  he's 
well  qualified  "  read  "  him  well  qualified." 

I  cannot  say  where  the  cutting  comes 
from ;  the  following  passage  printed  on  the- 
back  suggests  1832  as  the  date: — 

"QUERY  FOR  ARITHMETICIANS  :— If  it  cost  a 
man  fifty  shillings  to  have  his  own  windows  broken 
by  as  many  men  at  night,  that  being  over  hours, 
what  will  it  cost  the  same  individual  to  be  cheered 
by  an  equal  number  of  persons  in  the  middle  of  the 
day  ?  If  Coker  cannot  furnish  an  answer  perhaps 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  can." 

Surely  URLLAD  wrongs  the  memory  of  a 
great  headmaster  in  describing  the  figure  of 
the  schoolmaster  in  the  caricature  as  a  por- 
trait of  Busby ;  it  bears  no  resemblance  to- 
any  of  his  portraits,  and  though  Richard 
Busby  liked  his  pint  of  claret,  nothing  in  his 
character  was  compatible  with  a  nose  of 
the  magnificent  proportions  depicted  in  the 
caricature. 

If  URLLAD  should  by  chance  be  able  to 
identify  the  source  of  the  cutting  I  should 
be  grateful  if  he  would  let  me  know  it. 

J.  D.  WHITMORE. 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  i,i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


JOHN  THORNTON  OF  COVENTRY  (12  S.  vii. 
481). — I  may  safely  leave  Mr.  Le  Couteur 
and  others  to  deal  with  MR.  KNOWLES'S 
theories  about  John  Thornton.  But  with 
regard  to  his  suggestion  that  the  east  window 
of  Great  Malvern  Priory  Church  may  be  his 
work,  I  should  like  to  make  the  following 
remarks. 

1.  We    possess    only    one    date    for    the 
rebuilding  of  the  quire  of  Great  Malvern, 
and  that  is  the  consecration  of  the  altars  in 
1460,  marking  the  completion  of  the  work. 
The    rebuilding    must    have    taken    several 
years,  but  I  do  not  think  the  "glazing  of  the 
east  window  can  be  put  back  beyond  1450, 
at  "the  very  earliest.     Thornton  must  have 
been  dead  long  before  that. 

2.  For  years  past  I  have  been  on  the  look 
out  for  analogies  with  the  Malvern  window, 
and  with  this  object  I  have  seen  a  good  deal 
of  mediaeval  glass  all  over  England.     But 
I   have   never   yet   found   anything   in   im- 
mediate relation  with  it.     Some    ten  years 
ago,  I  made  a  study  of  the  York  glass  from 
this  point  of  view,  and  with  the  same  result. 
Beyond  what   is   common  to   all   fifteenth- 
century   glass   painting,   I   cannot   see   any 
resemblance  between  Thornton's  work  and 
the  Malvern  east  window,  either  in  style  or 
details.          G.  McM.  RUSHFORTH,  F.S.A. 

Riddlesden,  Malvern  Wells. 

DANIEL  VINECOMBE  (7  S.  vi.  487). — This 
query  is  of  ancient  date,  but  I  have  just 
perused  D.  Vinecombe's  will,  which  disposes 
of  a  part  of  it.  After  leaving  legacies  of 
money  or  pieces  of  plate  to  a  long  list  of 
'cousins,"  he  makes  similar  bequests  to 
friends,  and  among  others  a  piece  of  plate 
to  Eustace  Budgell,  son  of  Gilbert  Budgell, 
D.D.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
latter  was  the  G.  B.,  D.D.,  mentioned  at  the 
above  reference.  Eustace  Budgell  was 
"X."  of  The  Spectator,  whose  name  is  in- 
cluded in  the  'D.N.B.'  The  tankard  re- 
ferred to  in  the  query  passed  to  Daniel 
Michell  as  the  residuary  legatee  and  prin- 
cipal heir.  A.  T.  M. 

SNIPE  IN  BELGRAVE  SQUARE  (12  S.  vii.  390, 

»437,  476,  498).— The  Flask  in  Ebury  Square 
was  "the  resort  of  those  who  came  out 
duck-hunting,  a  sport  much  followed  in  the 
ponds  about"  ('Notes  and  Topographical 
Memoranda  relating  to  the  Out -Wards  of 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square.'  Appendix 
to  a  printed  lecture  by  C.  J.  B.  Aldis  on  the 
Sanitary  Condition  of  large  towns  and  of 
Belgravia,  1837).  It  is  known  that  the 


whole  area  was  formerly  "  The  Five  Fields," 
and  has  a  subsoil  of  clean  bright  gravel  and 
sand,  much  of  the  over-lying  clay  having: 
been  dug  up  and  made  into  bricks  by  Mr. 
Thomas  Cubitt  the  builder  who  replaced  it 
with  an  immense  quantity  of  brick  rubbish 
brought  from  all  parts  of  London  and  which 
raised  the  surface  8  or  9  feet.  Mr.  Ward, 
then  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Cubitt,  informed 
Mr.  Aldis  that  prior  to  this  alteration  of 
levels  and  building  the  area  was  marshy 
and  repeatedly  inundated,  so  that  ducks, 
snipe,  and  other  water-fowl  frequented  it. 
ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

VAN  DER  PLAES  (12  S.  vii.  29).— The 
brief  notice  of  this  artist  in  Bryan's  Dic- 
tionary should  be  corrected  and  supple- 
mented by  the  account  given  in  A.  J. 
van  der  Aa's  '  Biographisch  Woordenboek- 
der  Nederlanden,'  where  references  are  given 
to  various  sources  of  information.  Accord- 
ing to  one  authority  (Kramm)  David  van 
der  Plaes  was  born  some  years  earlier  than 
1647.  Mention  is  made  among  his  works  of 
portraits  of  Prince  Hendrik  Casimir,  Cor- 
nelis  Tromp,  son  of  the  more  famous  admiral 
(why  do  so  many  English  writers  persist  in 
writing  "  van  Tromp"?  Pepys  was  not 
guiltless),  Jonkheer  Hendrik  van  der  Dols 
and  his  wife.  For  some  years  he  worked 
for  the  publisher  Pieter  Mortier.  who  apppears 
in  Bryan's  Dictionary  as  Martin.  A  portrait 
of  van  der  Plaes,  engraved  by  Houbraken, 
is  to  be  found  on  p.  58  of  '  De  Levens- 
beschryvingen  der  nederlandsche  Konst- 
schilders  en  Konst-Schilderessen,'  1729,  and 
a  life  on  pp.  63-65.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

EARLY  RAILWAY  TRAVELLING  (12  S. 
vii.  461,  511). — The  writer  of  the  letter 
printed  at  the  first  reference  mentions  early 
railway  signalling  by  means  of  men 
posted  at  intervals  along  the  line.  That  was 
known  as  "police  signalling,"  by  reason  of 
the  fact  that  no  telegraphic  or  other  system 
yet  existed,  and  it  was  deemed  necessary,  in 
view  of  the  absence  of  present-day  discipline, 
to  place  the  traffic  in  charge  of  police 
constables,  who  passed  on  the  trains,  by 
hand  signals,  in  the  manner  noted  by  your 
correspondent.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  old  "hand  signal  "  code  survives 
at  the  present  time  in  railway  practice. 

The  railway  policeman  figures  in  Punch,, 
and  the  uniform  was  the  same  as  that 
described,  including  the  bearing  of  the 
constable's  staff.  For  the  above  reasons 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.vm.  JAN.  1,1021. 


the    modern    railway    signalman    is    often 
.to-day  still  termed  the  "  bobby." 

The  L.  and  N.W.R.  Police  Force  retained 
in   use   the   tall   hat   until   the   end   of   the 
'eighties,   and  were  the  last,   I   believe,   to 
;  relinquish  the  old-time  usage. 

W.  E.  EDWABDS. 

LONDON  IN  THE  FIFTIES  AND  SIXTIES  : 
POLICE  UNIFORMS  (12  S.  vii.  431,  475).— I 
believe  an  illustration,  is  to  be  found  in  The 
Illustrated  London  News  of  the  year  1862, 
depicting  a  London  police  constable,  attired 
in  helmet  and  tunic,  that  being  the  earliest 
record  I  can  find. 

The  County  Constabulary,  however,  re- 
tained the  tall  hat  for  a  longer  period  ;  in  the 
West  of  England  it  survived  until  the  end  of 
the  'sixties,  but  the  leathern  crowns  were 
long  before  discarded.  The  tall  hat  was  of 
beaver,  having  side  stays  of  iron,  so  con- 
necting the  brim  and  crown.  The  so-called 
"swallowtail  "  was  really  a  modification  of 
the  outdoor  dress  of  the  period,  and  it  was 
officially  described  as  a  "dress  coat."  The 
belt  was  worn  in  combination  therewith, 
and  each  constable  carried  an  unsheaved 
truncheon,  including  the  House  of  Commons 
police.  The  dress  coat,  however,  was  but- 
toned up  to  the  neck,  and  the  collar  was  of 
the  high  type  still  worn  by  the  Guards  when 
in  full  dress.  A  stock  was  also  included  in 
the  equipment,  and  a  song,  extant  in  the 
'sixties,  ran  thus  : — 

I  would  I  were  a  bobby, 
Dressed  up  in  bobbies'  clothes, 
With  a  hi^h-crowned  hat,  &c. 

W.  E.  EDWABDS. 
Croxley  Green. 

THE  LEGITIMIST  KALENDAB  (12  S.  vii.  471). 
The  first  issue  of  the  Legitimist  Kalendar 
was  for  the  year  1894.  It  consisted  of 
32  pages,  and  was  published  by  Henry  & 
-Co.,  6  Bouverie  Street,  London,  price  one 
shilling  nett.  The  editor's  note  on  the 
back  of  the  cover-title-page  is  dated 
December,  1893.  In  this  note  it  is  stated 
that  "the  Legitimist  Kalendar  will  be  issued 
annually  and  the  editor  hopes  to  enlarge 
it  considerably  year  by  year." 

F.  H.  C. 

The  fourth  and  last  edition  was  that  for 
the  year  1910.  It  was  printed  for  the 
Forget  -  Me  -  Not  Royalist  Club,  and  Messrs 
Phillimore,  124  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.,  were 
offering  a  few  copies  (issued  at  10s),  at 
7s.  Qd.  net,  in  1915.  Amongst  the  contents 


of  genealogical  interest  were  folding  pedi- 
grees showing  the  seize  quart iers  of  the 
de  jure  sovereigns  of  England,  the  names  'of 
persons  exempted  from  the  various  Acts  of 
Indemnity,  a  list  of  titles  still  under  attainder 
for  fidelity  to  the  Legitimist  Dynasty,  a  list 
of  the  Ministers,  &c.,  of  the  exiled  Stuart 
sovereigns,  and  a  list  of  492  non-jurors, 
arranged  under  Dioceses  ;  the  whole  indexed. 

FBED.  R.  GALE. 
Crookbury,  Fitzjohn  Avenue,  High  Barnet. 

The  last  edition  of  this  book  was  pub- 
lished in  1910.  Copies  can  still  be  obtained 
from  Phillimore  &  Co.,  Chancery  Lane. 

G. 

PIEBBE  FBAN^OIS  GAILLABD  (12S.  vii.  489). 
— This  arch  criminal,  and  his  mate  Pierre 
Victor  Avril,  were  both  guillotined  at 
Bicetre  on  the  morning  of  Saturday,  Jan.  9, 
1836.  A  graphic  account  of  their  remarkable 
careers  and  last  moments  is  given  in 
'  Studies  of  French  Criminals  '  by  the  late 
H.  B.  Irving.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

He  is  the  subject  of  a  very  interesting 
article  entitled  'False  Poet  but  Genuine 
Assassin,'  by  the  late  H.  B.  Irving  in  The 
Weekly  Dispatch  (Aug.  20,  1920).  It  may 
be  added  that  Gaillard's  (nom-de-plume 
"  Lacenaire  ")  contributions  to  Parisian 
periodical  publications  (verse  and  prose)  are 
still  sought  by  "morbid"  collectors  in 
France.  It  was  also  said  (about  thirty 
years  ago)  that  some  of  his  unpublished 
MSS.  were  sold  by  a  relative  to  a  London 
literary  agent,  and  adaptations  were  pub- 
lished anonymously  by  the  now  extinct 
firms  of  Edwin  J.  Brett  (of  Fleet  Street)  and 
James  Henderson  (of  Red  Lion  Court)  in 
their  once  popular  periodicals. 

ANDBEW  DE  TEBNANT. 

Louis  NAPOLEON  :  POETICAL  WOBKS  (12  S. 
vii.  490). — Louis  Napoleon  Bonaparte  (King 
of  Holland),  brother  of  Napoleon  I.  and 
father  of  Napoleon  III.,  was  a  "poet,"  and 
published  two  collections  of  poems.  These 
have  been  sometimes  attributed  to  the  son, 
Napoleon  III.,  who  before  becoming  Em- 
peror of  the  French  was  known  as  Prince 
Louis  Napoleon,  and  during  his  exile  in 
England  wrote  works  dealing  with  politics 
and  occasional  sonnets,  songs,  and  epigrams. 
The  David  Bogue  publication  is  probably  a 
translation  of  a  selection.  Napoleon  III., 
however,  after  becoming  emperor  published 
no  poetical  works  in  French.  His  great 
literary  work  was  the  '  Life  of  Julius  Caesar. ' 


12  s. vin.  JAN.  i,io2i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


Xucien  Bonaparte  (Prince  de  Canino), 
another  brother  of  Napoleon  I.,  was  the 
author  of  a  poem  entitled  '  Charlemagne, 
ou  1'Eglise  delivree  '  (two  vols..  1814,  English 
translation  by  S.  Butler^  and  F.  Hodgson 
London,  1815),  and  'La  Cyrneide,  ou  la 
Oorse  sauvee  '  (twelve  cantos).  The  poeti- 
cal works  of  Napoleon  I.,  most  youthful 
-efforts,  will  be  found  in  the  '  CEuvres 
litteraires  de  Napoleon  Bonaparte  '  (vol.  i.), 
edited  by  Tancrede  Martel  (Paris,  Albert 
,Savine,  1888).  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 
36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.  W. 

ARMS  OF  ENGLAND  AND  FRANCE  (12  S. 
vii.  447). — A  paper  was  read  by  the  late 
Admiral  Albert  H.  Markham,  K.C.B.,  in 
May,  1904,  in  Budrum  Castle,  Malta,  and 
is  printed,  with  reproductions  of  photo- 
graphs showing  the  heraldic  carvings  on 
the  walls  and  towers,  in  Ars  Quatuor  Corona- 
torum.,  vol.  xviL  74-80.  W.  B.  H. 

EMERSON'S     'ENGLISH    TRAITS  '    (12    S 

vii.  428,  473). — 9.    "  A  blind  savant,  like 

Sanderson."  This  was  Nicholas  Sanderson, 
the  blind  mathematician.  If  your  corre- 
spondent is  requiring  any  further  informa- 
tion not  in  print  and  will  write  to  me  T  shall 
~be  happy  to  help  him,  having  compiled  a 
pedigree  of  the  family  from  wills  proved  at 
York  and  London  and  from  the  inscriptions 
which  I  have  copied  from  Penistone,  Yorks 
.and  Boxworth,  Cambs,  &c. 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 
1>04  Hernaon  Hill,  South  Woodford,  E.18. 

DIXON  or  FURNESS  FELLS  (12  S.  vii.  410). 
— The  last  plate  in  Bout  ell's  'Monumental 
Brasses  of  England  '  reproduces  the  canopy 
(only)  of  the  brass  on  the  tomb  of  Nicholas 
Dixori  (1448).  Haines  also  describes  him 
.as  "Pipe  Subthesaurarius. " 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

16  Long  Aero,  W.C.2. 

ADMIRAL  BENBOW  (12  S.  vii.  431,  478).— 
am  much  obliged  to  Mr.  W.  P.  H.  POLLOCK 
for  his  reply  re,  Admiral  Benbow,  but  I  did 
)t  want  any  account  about  the  Sallee 
Rovers,  but  one  concerning  some  pirates 
the  Admiral  took  shortly  before  he  met 
T)u  Casse. 

Respecting  the  latter  part  of  MR.   POL- 
>CK'S  note,   I      can   only   say   that    it   is 
litional   in  my   family   that   the   money 
awarded  to  the  Admiral  was  4,OOOZ.     I  will 
>t  say  how  manv  millions  it  now  amounts 
-though  I  pretty  well  know. 


I  have  the  coat-of-arms  (it  is  painted  on 
wood,  and  the  one  on  the  Admiral's  tomb- 
stone at  Kingstown,  Jamaica,  is  a  copy). 

Paul  Calton's  account,  which  he  gave  to 
Campbell,  is  not  to  be  relied  on  ;  he  said  the 
Admiral  left  only  two  sons,  he  left  three. 
I  have  a  copy  of  his  will  in  which  he  specially 
mentions  his  three  sons. 

If  MR.  POLLOCK,  or  any  one  interested, 
will  write  to  me,  I  shall  be  pleased  to 
answer.  I  have  spent  many  years  collecting 
facts  about  my  ancestor  (I  am  a  lineal 
descendant).  H.  STEWART  BENBOW. 

Stetchford,  Birmingham. 

NOTES  ON  THE  EARLY  DE  REDVERS  (12  S. 
vii.  445). — It  seems  impossible  to  kill  the 
myth  that  Richard  de  Reviers,  or  Redvers, 
was  the  son  of  Baldwin  de  Meules  (alias 
Baldwin  of  Exeter),  Sheriff  of  Devonshire, 
whose  father  was  Count  Gilbert  of  Brionne. 
Stapleton  tried  to  do  so  ( '  Mag.  Rot.  Scacc. 
Norm.,'  II.  cclxix),  but  it  cropped  up  again 
in  Burke's  'Extinct  Peerage,'  p.  140,  and 
Cobbe's  'Norman  Kings  of  England,' 
Table  II.  Planche  did  his  Jbest  t3  slay  the 
mistake  ('Conqueror  and  his  Companions,' 
ii.  45),  but  it  re-appeared  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
sub  "Baldwin,"  as  was  long  ago  pointed 
out  by  Dr.  Round  ('Feudal  England,' 
p.  486). 

The  parentage  of  Richard  de  Reviers  has 
never  been  proved.  The  best  that  can  be 
said  on  the  question  is  to  be  found  in  the 
article  on  the  Earls  of  Devon  in  vol.  iv.  of 
the  new  edition  of  the  'Complete  Peerage.' 
This  is  contributed  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Watson, 
who,  I  suppose,  is  the  .leading  authority 
after  Dr.  Round  on  Norman  and  Anglo- 
Norman  genealogy.  The  theory  that 
Richard  de  Reviers  survived  until  1137, 
instead  of  dying  in  1107,  is  founded  on  the 
confusion  between  him  and  Richard  Fitz 
Baldwin,  son  of  Baldwin  of  Exeter. 

It  is  certain  that,  as  DR.  WHITEHEAD 
states,  Richard  de  Reviers  was  never  Earl 
of  Devonshire  ;  and  for  that  very  reason 
he  could  not  have  been  "Earl  of  Exeter." 
As  Dr.  Round  explained,  in  the  twelfth 
century  an  earl  was  always  the  earl  of  a 
county,  but  his  title  might  be  taken  from 
either  (1)  his  county  ;  (2)  the  capital  of  his 
county  ;  (3)  his  chief  residence  ;  or  (4)  his 
family  name  ( '  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,' 
pp.  145,  273,  320-1).  Thus  no  one  but  the 
Earl  of  Devonshire  could  or  would  be 
styled  Earl  of  Exeter.  G.  H.  WHITE. 
23  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.vm.  JAN.  1,1921. 


THE  TRAGEDY  OF  NEW  ENGLAND  (12  S. 
vii.  446,  493). — The  authorities  for  the  note 
hereon  are  many  and  varied,  but  chiefly 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  century  his- 
torians. Amongst  others  Speed's  'Views 
of  the  American  Colonies';  Neale's  'His- 
tory (not  of  the  Puritans,  but)  of  New 
England,'  and  another  author  whose  name 
is  not  given  in  the  'History  '  (1708-41) 
which  is  dedicated  to  the  Attorney-General 
of  Barbadoes.  In  the  preface  it  is  declared 
that 

"  there  was  no  part  of  this  history  which  had  not 
been  shown  to  persons  who  have  lived  in  those 
parts  of  the  world,  and  been  approved  by  them." 

One  of  those  who  were  largely  responsible 
for  the  prosecutions  for  "witchcraft  "  was 
Cotton  Mather,  the  son  of  a  Lancashire  man. 
His  book  on  the  '  Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
World,  with  a  further  Account  of  the  Trials 
of  the  New  England  Witches,'  by  Increase 
Mather  over-confirms  some  of  the  things 
charged  against  the  "witch"  prosecutors, 
for  where  one  author  affirms  that  even  a 
dog  was'  hung  for  "witchcraft,"  Cotton 
Mather  says  two  were  executed. 

Nothing  was  charged  against  the  "Pil- 
grims "  for  their  treatment  of  the  native 
Indians,  but  in  this  matter  the  Duke  de 
la  Rochefoucauld's  '  Travels  in  the  United 
States  '  (circa  1794)  may  be  consulted  ;  and 
the  speech  of  "  Red  Jacket,"  an  Indian  chief 
at  an  assembly  of  tribes  at  New  York  before 
General  Knox  the  Governor;  and  for  the 
names  of  the  founders  of  the  First  Settle- 
ments of  North  America,  and  the  dates 
thereof  Guthrie's  '  Grammar  of  Geography  ' 
published  in  1798.  This  book  names  nine- 
teen separate  colonies  founded  in  North 
America  between  1608  and  1787. 

M.  N. 

See  Rufus  M.  Jones,  '  The  Quakers  in  the 
American  Colonies'  (Macmillan,  1911)  for 
the  persecution  of  the  Quakers  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  also  for  the  exile  of  Anne  Hutchin- 
son  and  others  from  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
colony  in  1 637  for  their  religious  opinions. 

M.  H.  DODDS. 

Home  House,  Kell's  Lane,  Low  Fell,  Gateshead. 

MLLE.  MEBCANDOTTI  (12  S.  vii.  448,  493). 
—There  is  a  good  deal  about  Edward  Hughes 
Ball  Hughes  and  Maria  Mercandotti,  in 
'The  Beaux  of  the  Regency'  by  Lewis 
Melville,  1908,  which  is  well  indexed. 
Facing  p.  159  of  vol.  ii.  is  an  etching  by 
Richard  Dighton  (1819)  of  'The  Golden 
Ball. ' 


Hughes  not  only  owned  Oatlands,  where 
the  honeymoon  was  spent,  but  also  "rented 
a  mansion  in  Greenwich  Park  "  where  he 
and  his  wife 

"kept  open  house;  but  after  a  while  there  were 
quarrels,  which  led  to  a  separation,  and  eventually 
a  divorce.  It  is  not  clear,  however,  on  which  side 
was  the  fault." 

Hughes  served  for  a  short  time  in  the 
army.  He  was  commissioned  a  cornet  in 
the  7th  Light  Dragoons,  Aug.  28,  1817,  and 
placed  on  half -pay  Feb.  11,  1819.  See 
Army  List  of  1834.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

FRIDAY  STREET  (12  S.  vii.  490). — Stow  in 
his  'Survey  '  (1842  edn.  at  p.  131),  dealing 
with  the  Friday  Street  in  the  City  of  London r 
says  "  so  called  of  fishmongers  dwelling 
there,  and  serving  Friday's  market/'  Per- 
haps the  other  Friday  Streets  were  also  fish, 
markets.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGKT. 

According  to  Hare  ('Walks  in  London,' 
vol.  i.  p.  185),  Stow  says  that  the  metro- 
politan example  gets  its  name  from  "  Fish- 
mongers dwelling  there  and  serving  Friday's 
markets."  ST.  SWITHIN, 

Does  not  this  name  usually  denote  a  fish 
market  ?  I  fancy  this  is  the  case  with  the 
old  Marche  de  Vendredi,  at  Antwerp — - 
although  nowadays  it  attracts  because  of  the 
presence  there  of  the  Folk  Lore  Museum, 
with  its  interesting  ancient  domestic  utensils,, 
&c.  J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS.. 

101  Piccadilly,  W. 

THE  TALBOT  INN,  ASHBOURNE  (12  S. 
vii.  350,  438,  515). — The  following  additional 
information,  also  contributed  to  The  Ash- 
bourne  News,  has  reached  me  : — 

"Mr.  A.  M.  Wither,  of  Parr's  Bank,  Ashbourne,. 
informs  us  that  the  late  Mr.  W.  R.  Holland,  who 
was  admittedly  an  authority  on  local  history,  on, 
one  occasion  pointed  out  to  him  the  premises  next 
to  the  Town  Hall,  and  formerly  the  offices  of 
Messrs.  Allsopp,  the  Burton  brewers,  as  the  old 
Talbot  Inn,  and  there  is  certainly  a  good  deal  about 
the  appearance  of  the  building  that  suggests  it  may 
have  been  a  hostelry  at  one  time.  So  far.  it  will  be 
seen,  there  are  three  opinions  expressed  as  to  the 
position  of  the  Talbot.  In  his  letter  last  week,. 
Mr.  Twells  referred  to  the  late  flev.  Francis  Jour- 
dain's  contention  that  the  inn  occupied  the  site  of 
the  present  Town  Hall.  We  quote  the  following 
from  the  rev.  gentleman's  article  on  'Ashbourne 
Signs  :  Ancient  and  Modern,'  which  appeared  in. 
the  'Ashbourne  Annual'  of  1898:— 'The  Talbot 
stood  in  the  Market  Place,  on  the  site  of  the 
present  Town  Hall.  This  reminds  us  of  the  Earls 
of  Shrewsbury,  who  were  once  intimately  con- 
nected with  Ashbourne.  In  the  Grammar  School 
books  the  following  entry  occurs :  '1614.  Itni  laid 


12  s.  vin. JAN.  i,i92ii     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


•downe'for  a  prnt  (i.  e.,  present)  given  to  the  Earl 
of  Shrew.sburie,  at  Ashburne.  fur  two  gallons  of 
claret  wine  5s.  iiiid.  To  Gregory  Bircumshaw  for 
a  cake  xviijd.  To  Thomas  Taylor  for  sugar  iis.' 
Two  Talbots  or  Mastiffs  are  to  this  day  the  sup- 
porters of  the  Shrewsbury  arms.  The  inn  itself 
was  evidently  a  place  of  note,  and  the  arms  in  its 
windows  were  noted  by  the  Herald  when  visiting 
Ashbourne  in  1611.  It  is  thus  mentioned  in 
Walton  &  Cotton's  '  Angler,'  where  Piseator  says  : 
'  We  will  only  call  and  drink  a  glass  on  horseback 
at  the  Talbot  and  away,' — and  the  travellers  order 
ale,  in  spite  of  the  warning  given  later  on,  that 
'Ashbourne  has.  whioh  is  a  kind  of  riddle,  always 
in  it  the  best  malt,  and  the  worst  ale  in  England.' 
The  following  notices  of  this  famous  house  appear 
in  the  register;  '  Buried  1639,  P^dmund  Buxton,  of 
the  Taibot.  Baptized  June  15,  1 7 15.  Ann,  daughter 
of  Mr.  Rob.  Law,  at  the  Talbot.  Received  July  24, 
1717,  to  church,  Richard,  son  of  Mr.  Rob.  Law,  of 
the  Talbot,  which  child  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Dakin 
above  a  month  ago.  Baptized  March  8.  H'2'2-2, 
Gilbert,  son  of  Mr.  Jeremiah  Groves  (Talbot), 
Ashburne.'  " 
This  should  prove  of  interest. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 
Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

DEATH  OF  QUEEN  ANNE  (12  S.  vii.  508). — 
There  seems  to  have  been  another  "white 
handkerchief  "  incident  connected  with  this 
event.  I  have  seen  it  related  that  on  that 
memorable  Aug.  1  Bishop  Burnet,  driving 
to  court,  met  near  Sinithfield  Mr.  John 
Bradford  whom  he  stopped  to  speak  to, 
and  to  whom  he  promised  that  should  the 
Queen  have  passed  away  he  would  send  a 
messenger  to  Mr.  Bradford's  chapel,  who 
should  announce  the  event  by  dropping  a 
white  handkerchief  from  the  gallery.  This 
was  duly  done,  but  Bradford  took  no  notice 
until  in  his  closing  prayer  he  invoked  bless- 
ings on  the  head  of  our  rightful  Sovereign 
King  George  the  First  !  It  is  matter  of 
liistory  how  profoundly  the  Queen's  death 
at  that  moment  affected  the  fortunes  of 
Nonconformity.  SURREY. 

ANCIENT  HISTORY  OF  ASSAM  (12  S. 
vii.  110).— If  J.  S.  can  see  William  Robin- 
son's 'Assam,'  Calcutta,  1841,  I  think  he' 
will  find  something  to  his  purpose  in  chap.  iv. 
J.  W.  FAWCETT. 

Templetown  House,  Consett. 

HOYAL  ARMS  IN  CHURCHES  (12S.  vii.  470, 
517). — In  my  communication  at  the  second 
reference,  1.  11,  "It  would  seem  thatiu  1614 
it  was  unusual  "  should  read  it  was  usual. 

The  church  of  Groombridge  in  Kent, 
"built  by  John  Packer,  Clerk  of  the  Privy 
Seal  to  Charles  I.,  in  fulfilment  of  a  vow,  as 
-a  thanksgiving  for  the  safe  return  of  the 


Prince  of  Wales  from  Spain,  has  in  stone 
over  the  entrance  porch  a  representation -of 
the  Prince  of  Wales 's  feathers  and  below  it 
an  inscription  reading  "  D.O.M.S.  ob  felicissi- 
mum  Caroli  Principis  ex  Hispanijs  reditum 
hoc  Sacellum  d.d.  1625,  J.  P." 

A  house  in  Gold  Street,  Saffron,  Walden, 
Essex,  on  the  east  side,  has  in  plaster  work 
the  feathers  and  motto  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  with  the  initials  P.  A.,  of  probably 
early  seventeenth-century  date  ;  and  in  the 
oriel  window  of  the  great  hall  of  Horham 
Hall,  also  in  Essex,  is  a  panel  of  glass  dating 
probably  from  the  early  sixteenth  century 
which  also  bears  the  motto  and  feathers. 
STEPHEN  J.  BARNS. 

Frating,  Woodside  Road,  Woodford  Wells. 

"Now  THEN—  !  "  (12  S.  vii.  469,  512).— 
This  expression  was  used  in  Anglo-Saxon 
times  and  is  found  in  sentences  indicating  a 
command.  There  is  no  temporal  signification 
attached  to  the  "now  "  and  the  "then  " 
is  unemphatic  and  enclitic.  A  somewhat 
similar  French  expression  is  or  $a,  which  is 
used  to  imply  that  something  begins,  or 
being  synonymous  with  maintenant  and  fd 
an  interjection  that  is  intended  as  an 
enc  o  uragement . 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

DOMESTIC  HISTORY  OF  THE  NINETEENTH 
CENTURY  (12  S.  vii.  191,  216,  257,  295,  399, 
452). — The  late  Rhoda  Broughton,  in  her 
last  novel,  'A  Fool  in  Her  Folly,'  when 
writing  about  a  matter  which  appears  to 
have  taken  place  soon  after  the  Indian 
Mutiny  had  been  suppressed,  states,  in 
chap.  xiii.  : — 

"  Afternoon  tea  was  still  an  upstart  struggling 
for  recognition  ;  born  indeed  and  with  a  great 
future,  but  in  many  oases  to  be  indulged  in 
privately  like  dram-drinking,  smuggled  into 
bedrooms  durin?  visits,  and  sometimes  shared 
with  confidential  servants  in  housekeeper's 
rooms." 

I  presume  that  she  refers  to  about  the  year 
1860. 

I  do  not  think  that  afternoon-tea  came 
into  general  use  until  about  1874;  I  think 
it  was  about  this  time  that  the  late  King 
Edward,  when  Prince  of  Wales,  started  the 
fashion  of  dining  at  a  much  later  hour  than 
the  then  recognized  time.  Afternoon -tea 
must  have  been  a  very  rare  thing  in  1860  ; 
friends  of  mine,  who  are  old  enough  to 
remember  their  daily  life  at  that  period, 
tell  me  that  this  date  is  far  too  early.  I  know 
that  when  visitors  called,  in  the  afternoon, 
at  my  father's  house,  they  were  offered 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vin.  JAN.  i,  1921. 


port,  sherry,  and  sweet  biscuits.  This  was 
the  custom,  certainly,  about  1866,  for 
I  generally  took  toll  of  the  biscuits  during 
transit.  Perhaps  this  was  a  custom  in 
what  was  then  called  a  middle-class  family, 
and  did  not  apply  to  those  higher  up  in 
life  ;  who  were  called  by  the  general  term 
of  "the  Gentry,"  whatever  that  may  have 
meant.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

LONDON  POST-MARKS  (12  S.  vii.  290,355). 

Would  MR.  WILLIAM  GILBERT  kindly 

give  further  particulars  of  John  G.  Hendy's 
'  Post-marks  of  the  British  Isles  from  1840 
to  1876  '?  I  have  Hendy's  work  dealing 
with  post-marks  down  to  1840  ;  but  the 
publishers  of  it  know  nothing  of  the  con- 
tination,  nor  can  I  find  any  mention  of  the 
continuation  in  the  ordinary  books  of 
reference.  ERNEST  S.  GLADSTONE. 

Woolton  Vale,  Liverpool. 

FOLK-LORE  OF  THE  ELDER  (12  S.  vi.  259, 
301  ;  vii.  37,  59). — According  to  Mr.  Yoshi- 
wara's  '  A  Bundle  of  Magical  Cures  '  in  the 
Kotyo  Kenkyo,  vol.  i.,  no.  9,  p.  563,  Tokyo, 
1913,  some  folks  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
province  Hidachi  in  Japan  have  the  follow- 
ing formula  for  curing  the  toothache  : — 

"  Bake  as  many  beans  as  the  mimber  of  years 
of  the  patient's  age  till  they  are  quite  black,  bury 
them  under  a  living  elder,  and  ask  it,  '  Please 
take  your  food  with  deaf  ears  and  rotting  teeth 
until  these  beans  begin  to  grow.'  " 

Needless  it  is  to  say  baked  beans  shall 
never  bud  and  the  toothache  will  never  recur. 
The  Japanese  elder  is  Sambucus  racemosa  L.. 
which  also  grows  in  Southern  Europe. 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

OXFORD  (ORFORD)  HOUSE,  WALTHAMSTOW 
(12  S.  vii.  469). — This  should  read  Orford 
House.  The  owl  cameo  denotes  the  crest 
of  the  family  of  Kemp,  former  residents  of 
the  premises,  otherwise  I  believe  the  pro- 
perty is  without  historj^. 

WILLIAM  R.  POWER. 

157  Stamford   Hill,  N.16 

DR.  ALEXANDER  KEITH  (12  S.  vii.  406, 
478). — As  Dr.  Keith  did  not  understand  the 
language  spoken  by  the  natives,  it  is  quite 
possible  that  he  got  hold  of  the  wrong 
version  of  the  tale.  On  the  other  hand  it 
is  quite  possible  he  was  deliberately  deceived. 
It  is  doubtful  that  a  special  law  was  enacted 
to  meet  our  differential  treatment  to  dead 
aliens.  Probably  the  facts  were  that  the 
hotel-keeper  was  anxious  to  get  rid  of  the 
body  as  an  undesirable  object  to  give  house- 


room  to  in  his  hostelry,  and  the  mythical 
law  was  given  as  an  excuse  for  his  haste. 
The  yarn  about  the  two  men  watching  for 
Dr.  Keith's  last  breath  is  also  ridiculous,, 
because  they  would  not  be  allowed  to  touch 
a  body  until  the  "  corpse- viewer  "  had  seen 
it  and  given  permission  to  remove  it.  As  it 
was  Miss  Pardoe  who  came  to  the  divine's 
rescue,  perhaps  she  has  related  the  incident 
in  her  '  The  City  of  the  Magyar  '  (London, 
1840).  L.  L.  K. 

PICTURE  BY  SIR  LESLIE  WARD  (12  S. 
vii.  470). — The.  picture,  about  which  L.  Q. 
inquires,  is  not  improbably  a  full-length  oil- 
painting,  life  size,  of  the  first  wife  of  the 
late  Col.  Harry  McCalmont  who  died  in 
1902.  He  married  in  1885  Amy,  daughter 
of  Major  General  Miller,  and  she  died  in 
1889.  The  portrait  was  an  admirable,  like- 
ness of  the  poor  lady,  and  one  of  the  gifted 
artist's  happiest  efforts.  If  I  am  correct  in 
this  conjecture,  though  Sir  Leslie  may  have 
painted  portraits  of  other  ladies,  the  picture 
is  now  at  Syston  Court  near  Bristol,  the 
residence  of  Mrs.  Rawlins,  a  sister  of  the 
late  Col.  McCalmont 

WlLLOUGHBY   MAYCOCK. 

MISSING  WORDS  WANTED  (12  S.  vii.  232,  296 J. 
— "  Come  not  when  I  am  dead."  May  I  say  in 
answer  to  a  supplementary  question  that  this 
poem  has  been  very  beautifully  set  to  music, 
I  forget  by  whom,  but  I  remember  the  air  well. 
The  song  with  its  setting  was  included  in  a 
volume  of  Songs  from  Tennyson  published  some 
forty  years  ago.  I  should  be  very  glad  to  know 
whether  this  is  still  obtainable.  Unf ortun ately- 
I  remember  neither  the  editor  nor  the  publisher,, 
but  the  musical  contributors  were  the  most 
famous  English  composers  of  the  day,  such  as 
Sullivan,  Barnby,  Macfarren,  <fcc.  The  book 
was  published,  I  believe,  at  21s.  C.  C.  B. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 
(12  S.  vii.  491.) 

The  lines  which  M.  P.  N.  sends  are  by  Tennyson.- 
They  are  to  be  found,  under  the  title''  The  Silent 
Voices,'  on  p.  855  of  his  '  Complete  Works,'  one 
vol.,  (Macmillan,  1894),  having  first  appeared  in 
1892,  in  '  The  Death  of  Oenone,  and  other  Poems.' 
Tennyson's  own  text  is  less  profuse  of  capitals, 
"  black  "  and  "  starry  "  in  the  first  and  eighth . 
lines  being  undistinguished.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

This  poem  was  set  to  music  by  Lady  Tennyson, 
arranged  for  four  voices  by  Sir  F.  Bridge,  and 
sung  at  the  Laureate's  funeral  in  Westminster 
Abbey  on  Oct.  12,  1892. 

ALICE  M.  WILLIAMS. 

Of  "  When  the  dumb  hour,"  Palgrave  in  his 
'  Golden  Treasury  of  Songs  and  Lyrics,'  Second 
Series,  has  this  note  :  "  The  poet's  last  lines, 
dictated  on  his  deathbed.  If  a  friendship  of  near 
half  a  century  may  allow  me  to  say  it;  these 


12  s.  vin.  JAX.  i,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


solemn  words  '  As  sorrowful,  yet  always  rejoic- 
ing,' give  tte  true  key  to  Alfred  Tennyson's 
inmost  nature,  his  life  and  his  poetry." 

(12  g.  vii.  511.) 

2.  This  is  an  incorrect  quotation  from  "'The 
Stirrup  Cup. 'as  sung  by  Mr.  Santley.  Written  by 
H.  B.  Farnie,  composed  by  L.  Arditi.  London, 
Chappel&  Co," 

Probably  the  song  was  published  about  1875-80. 
It  was  in  its  time   very  popular ;  witness  the  fact 
that  it  was  published  in  three  keys.  The  two  verses 
are  as  follows  :— 
The  last  saraband  has  been  danc'd  in  the  hall, 

The   last   prayer   breath'd    by   the  maiden    ere 

sleeping, 
The  light  of  the  cresset  has  died  from  the  wall, 

Yet  still  a  love-watch  with  my  Lady  I'm  keeping. 
My  charger  is  dangling  his  bridle  and  chain, 

The  moment  is  neariug  dear  love  !  we  must  sever; 
But  pour  out  the  wine,  that  thy  lover  may  drain 

A  last  stirrup-cup  to  his  true  maiden  ever  ! 

I  cannot  ride  off,  I  am  heavy  with  fears, 

No  gay  disregard  from  the  flagon  I  borrow, 
I  pledge  thee  in  wine,  but  'tis  mingled  with  tears, 

Twin-type  of  the  Love  that  is  shaded  by  sorrow  ; 
But  courage,  mine  own  one,  and  if  it  be  willed 

That  back  from  the  red   field  thy  gallant  come 

never, 
In  death  he'll  remember,  the  she  who  had  filled 

His  last  stirrup-cup  was  his  true  maiden  ever  ! 

Later  there  appeared  *  The  Gift  and  the  Giver,' 
sequel  to  'The  Stirrup  Cup,' by  the  same  authors 
and  publishers,  also  "sung  by  Mr.  Santley."  A 
foot-note  on  p.  1  as  to  the  title  "The  Gift, and  the 
Giver'  says,  "A  favorite  inscription,  in  olden 
times,  on  betrothal  rings." 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


Shakespeare's  Last  Years  in  London,  1586-1592 
By  Arthur  Acheson.  (Bernard  Quaritch,  £1  Is. 
net.) 

A  RECONSTRUCTION  of  Shakespeare's  life,  even  in 
regard  to  the  periods  of  which  .we  know  most,  is  a 
business  which  calls  for  more  than  ordinary  judg- 
ment as  to  the  value  of  such  evidence  as  we 
possess.  To  make  anything  of  the  obscurer  years 
one  had  need  be,  to  start  with,  of  so  cautious  a  turn 
of  mind  as  to  count  the  task  impossible.  A  lively, 
hopeful  imagination  will  certainly  create  delusions, 
having  vast  spaces  in  which  to  disport  itself,  with 
almost  no  facts  and  not  very  many  more  clear 
inferences,  to  serve  as  checks  or  guides.  The  writer 
of  this  book,  at  the  very  outset,  shakes  our  confi- 
dence in  his  pessimism — the  pessimism  required  by 
the  situation.  He  suggests  Jacquespierre  as, 
possibly,  the  original  form  of  Shakespeare,  and 
therewith  a  Gallic  origin  for  bearers  of  the  name. 

So  hopeful  and  ingenious  a  mind  must  be  expected 
to  show  itself  rather  clever  and  entertaining  than 
over-solicitous  as  to  what  the  evidence  in  favour  oi 
its  surmises  will  bear  :  and  so  we  find  our  author 
He  advances  little  of  which  one  can  say  positively  ; 
This  cannot  be  so  ;  but  the  reasons  for  which  we 
are  invited  to  agree  with  him  remain  slender. 


The  most  interesting  of  these  studies,  to  our  mind^ 
s  that  of  John  Florioas  Sir  John  Falstaffs  original. 
This  is  introduced  by  an  exceedingly  apt  quotation 
from  an  eighteenth  century  criticism'of  the  dramatic 
character  of  Falstaff,  the  point  of  which  is  that  those 
characters  in  Shakespeare  which  are  seen  only  in 
3art  are  "  capable  of  being  unfolded  and  understood 
n  the  whole  ;  every  part  being  in  fact  relative  and 
nferring  all  the  rest."  This  "wholeness"  of 
Shakespeare's  characters— it  has,  of  course,  often 
Deen  commented  on — is  the  subject  of  several  good- 
remarks  which  conclude  with  the  opinion  that  these 
jharacters  may  be  considered  "rather  as  Historic 
than  as  Dramatic  beings."  Our  author  proceeds, 
after  quoting  the  passage,  to  declare  that  the  reason 
For  this  life-likeness  lies  in  the  fact  that  every 
"very  distinctive  Shakespearean  character"  when 
acting  or  speaking  "  from  those  parts  of  the  com- 
position which  are  inferred  only  and  not  distinctly 
shewn  "  is  the  portrait  of  a  personage  contemporary 
with  Shakespeare  whom  the  dramatist  knew  and 
took  for  his  model.  Fluellen,  thus,  is  Captain 
Roger  Williams ;  Falconbridge.  Sir  John  Perrot 
and  Falstaff  Florio.  The  Falstaff-Florio  case  is 
set  forth  most  plausibly  and .  against  it  what 
we  have  to  urge  is  chiefly  our  ignorance  of 
Shakespeare's  circumstances,  his  degree  of  ac- 
quaintance with  Florio,  and  his  actual  methods 
of  working.  That  quality  in  Shakespeare  which 
has  preserved  him  among  the  greatest  and 
most  lively  forces  in  literature  down  to  the  present 
hour  has  often  been  described  as  a  capacity  for 
seeing  and  rendering  the  universal  in  the  individual' 
along  with — even  thereby  enhancing — individual 
peculiarities.  A  portrait  on  such  lines  would  be 
immeasurably  more  troublesome  to  produce  than  a 
work  of  pure  imagination — imagination,  that  is, 
informed  and  inspired  by  observation  and  close 
knowledge  of  individual  men.  Would  a  man  of 
Shakespeare's  power  adopt  a  method,  to  his  per- 
ception of  what  goes  to  make  up  a  man,  so  nearly 
impossible?  Again,  admitting  he  did,  it  cannot  be 
proved  tnat  Florio  was  the  model.  Florio,  we 
know,  was  furious  with  one,  H.  S-,  for  having  made 
a  satirical  use  of  his  initials,  J-  F.  H.  S.,  then,  is 
to  be  identified  with  Shakespeare  and  much  hangs 
on  that  identification — but  proof  thereof  is  not  to 
be  had. 

We  should,  perhaps,  follow  our  author  more 
readily  if  he  himself  were  not  so  well  satisfied  as  to 
the  truth  of  these  conjectures  and  did  not  so  cheer- 
fully forget  how  slender  are  the  materials  with 
which  he  is  working  and  how  honeycombed  with 
doubts.  And  we  should  also  have  been  grateful  to 
him  for  so  much  more  care  and  polish  in  his  own 
writing  as  would  have  enabled  a  reader  to  seize  his 
meaning  at  once. 

But  we  would  by  no  means  discourage  students 
of  Shakespeare  from  making  acquaintance  with  his 
book. 

A  History  of  Scotland  from  the  Roman  Evacuation  to 
the  Disruption,  1843.  By  Charles  Sanford  Terry. 
(Cambridge  University  Press,  £1  net.) 

DR.  SANFORD  TERRY  claims  for  the  history  of 
Scotland  that  it  is  "  a  story  of  development  unsur- 
passed by  the  national  experience  of  any  modern 
community."  We  concede  that  claim,  and  we 
further  agree  with  him  that  a  new  History  of 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     112  S.VIII.JAX.  1,1921. 


Scotland  is  wanted.  The  History  we  should  like 
to  possess  would  resemble  Green's  '  Short  History 
of  the  English  People.'  Green's  point  of  view  and 
his  accuracy  have  both  alike  been  challenged,  but 
the  fine  proportion,  the  arresting  style,  the  live- 
liness of  the  portraiture  and  the  movement  and 
charm  of  the  work  as  a  whole  have  not,  we  think, 
been  rivalled,  far  less  surpassed,  in  any  other 
history  of  a  like  compass. 

Undoubtedly  the  history  of  Scotland  is  more 
difficult  than  that  of  England.  Dr.  Sanford  Terry 
draws  attention  to  its  intimate  connection  with 
genealogy.  This  is  equivalent  to  saying  that  not 
only  the  character  of  the  people  and  not  only  the 
character  of  individuals  require  to  be  grasped  and 
delineated  ;  between  these  two  come  the  great 
families  and  their  relations  both  with  one  another 
and  the  kingdom  at  large.  Periods  of  French 
History  show  this  peculiarity  :  but  the  stage  of 
France  is  ampler  and  the  total  effect,  therefore,  less 
confused  and  puzzling.  In  Scottish  history  influ- 
ences from  difference  of  race,  from  family  rivalry, 
from  external  pressure  and  from  the  predominance 
of  individuals  produce  at  several  points  so  intricate 
a  tangle  that  a  •  certain  breadth  of  treatment 
becomes  necessary  in  order  to  make  plain  to  the 
reader's  eye  that  development  on  which  Dr.  Sanford 
Terry  justly  insists. 

We  do  not  think  he  has  altogether  succeeded 
in  this,  though  we  find  much  in  his  book  to  praise. 
By  dint  of  the  most  minute  workmanship  he  con- 
trives to  present  a  huge  amount  of  facts  within  a 
narrow  compass ;  and  by  rather  alluding  to  than 
relating  some  of  the  incidents  that  are  known  to 
"  every  schoolboy  "  he  finds  room  for  more  recon- 
dite matters.  But  the  writing  is  so  serried,  and 
sometimes  also  so  involved  and  abbreviated— as  if 
space  had  been  saved  by  pruning  sentence  by  sen- 
tence— that  the  reader  will  find  some  difficulty  in 
getting  into  the  swing  of  the  narrative,  and  in 
passing  from  detail  to  a  survey  of  the  whole. 
Persons  stand  out  in  too  shallow  relief,  and  carry 
little  or  no  atmosphere,  while  on  the  other  hand, 
the  perception  of  national  progress  has  to  be  arrived 
at  mostly  by  way  of  laborious  inference.  Since  the 
book  is  calculated  for  the  general  reader  and  the 
student,  who  already  know  the  picturesque  stories 
in  which  Scotland  is  so  rich,  we  have  perhaps  no 
right  to  cavil  at  the  omission  of  even  the  slightest 
description  of  Banriockburn,  though  we  may 
wonder  why,  on  the  accepted  plan,  Rizzio's 
murder,  for  example,  should  have  been  described. 
But  that  which  was  intended  to  be  treated  should 
have  been  clearly  set  out,  and  arranged  in  some 
manner  more  easy  for  reference.  In  a  subsequent 
edition  some  breaking  up  of  paragraphs  might  be  of 
service. 

None  the  less  if  rather  too  difficult  for  a  work  on 
the  scale  decided  on  and  with  the  purpose  it  is 
designed  to  serve,  this  history  of  Scotland  should 
be  found  very  useful,  and,  if  somewhat  too  thick 
and  solid  to  be  called  stimulating,  will  certainly 
reward  the  careful  reader  by  possessing  him  of  a 
fund  of  well- authenticated  and  various  knowledge. 
This  has  been  carefully  related  to  the  contemporary 
histories  of  England  and  the  countries  of  the 
Continent  by  the  light  of  the  most  recent  research. 
We  are  glad  to  mention  the  thirty-two  genealogical 
tables  of  the  great  Scottish  fa  milies — a  novel  and 
•very  good  feature. 


Leicestershire.      By    G.    D.    Pingriff.      (Cambridge 
University  Press,  4*.  6d.  net.) 

WE  are  glad  to  see  another  of  these  excellent 
county  guides.  The  information  given  is  sufficient 
to  form  a  sound  foundation  for  future  studies  ;  or, 
by  itself,  to  make  a  good  body  of  knowledge  con- 
cerning the  physical  characteristics,  industries, 
antiquities,  and  general  history  of  the  county. 
Leicestershire  cannot  boast  the  varied  and  supreme 
interest  of  say,  Warwickshire  :  but  it  holds  plenty 
to  reward  the  curious  inquirer  ;  and,  as  to  history, 
the  Battle  of  Bosworth  and  the  names  of  Wycliffe, 
Lady  Jane  Grey,  Latimer,  and  Macaulay,  form  no 
poor  illustration.  We  should  have  thought  that 
Grosseteste  at  least  equalled  these  in  importance, 
and  that,  if  he  was  to  be  mentioned  at  all,  (his 
connection  with  Leicester  not  being  a  conspicuous 
part  of  his  history)  something  more  to  the  point 
than  his  being  "like  De  Montfort,  an  opponent  of 
Henry  III."  might  have  been  brought  forward. 

Some  of  our  correspondents  may  be  interested  in 
the  photograph  of  a  bronze  ticket  used  on  the 
Leicester  and  Swannington  Railway,  supplied  by 
the  Midland  Railway  Company.  Great  pains  have 
clearly  been  taken  to  collect  an  unhackneyed  series 
of  photographs,  and,  so  far  as  this  immediate  object 
is  concerned,  with  success.  So  far  as  providing  a 
good  idea  of  their  several  subjects  goes,  many  of 
them  are  in  truth  excellent,  but  a  good  number — 
especially  those  of  the  divers  landscapes — must  be 
pronounced  neither  here  or  there. 


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21 


LONDON,  JANUARY  8,  1521. 

CONTENTS.— No.  143. 

1NOTES:—  The  Tempests  of  Holmside,  co.  Durham,  21 
— Atvorg  the  Shakespeare  Archives,  23-Statues  and 
Memorials  in  the  British  Isles.  25— The  Prince  of  Wales 
in  Australia :  the  Title  Duke  of  Cornwall — Pronunciation 
of  Greek,  26— The  Press  and  Christmas  — Madame  de 
Sevign^  and  Ma sson—  Tobacco  :  Returns— Prince  Charles 
Edward  Stuart's  Swords— The  A  ntidote  of  Mithridates,  27. 

•QUERIES  :— A  Natural  Daughter  of  George  III.— Cor- 
nelius Drebbel— Matthew  Paris— Family  of  Dickson— 
Samuel  Dickson,  M.D.,  28—'  Qui  Hi  in  Hindostan'— 
'Life  in  Bombay'  — "To  Outrun  the  Constable"  — 
«'  Franekinsence*  —The  Green  Man.  Ashbourne— Carlyle's 
•  French  Revolution  '—Spencer  Mackay,  Armiger— The 
Glomery— "David  Lvall."  Pseudonym,  29— Early  Ascents 
of  Mont  Blanc  by  English  Travellers— Kensington  Gravel 
at  Versailles— West-Country  Place-names  in  the  Seven- 
teenth Century— Coats  of  Arms  :  Identification  Sought 
— "  Meliora"— Stevenson  and  Miss  Yonge— "  Principal," 
30  —  Thackeray  :  '  The  Newcoines  '  —  Barlow  Family  — 
Mfljor-GeneralSir  Robert  Sale— Chatterton's  Apprentice- 
ship to  Lambert— 'Frankenstein,'  31. 

(REPLIES-— A  Note  on  Pepys's  Diary.  31— Pamphlet  on 
Kensington  Square  —  Kmerson's  *  English  Traits  '  — 
11  Fminere  "  —  Early  Railway  Travelling.  32  — Lines  on 
Nebuchadnezzar  —  Beauclerc  —  Denny,  De  Deene  Jand 
Windsor  Families,  33  —  Horseleperd  —  St.  Leonard's 
"Priory,"  Hants  —  London  Postmarks  —  Notes  on  the 
>Early  de  Redvers— RepresentativelCounty  Libraries,  34— 
OBaternan  Brown— Kildalton  Cross,  Islay— "  Hun"— The 
British  in  Corsica— Warwickshire  Folk  Sayings,  35—'  Poor 
Uncle  Ned '— Voucher=Railway  Ticket— Thomas  Farmer 
Bailey,  36—  Bottle-slider— Nola— Lady  Catherine  Paulet : 
Sir  Henry  Berkeley— Peacocks'  Feathers— The  Original 
War  Office,  37  —  Heraldic  —  Wool-Gathering  —  French 
Prisoners  of  War  in  England —Tercentenary  Handlist 
of  Newspapers  —  The  Hermit  of  Hertfordshire— "  Now, 
then—!  38  — John  Wilson,  Bookseller  — Danteiana— 
Hook  :  Oxenbridge  :  Morton,  39. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Place-Names  of  Northumber- 
land and  Durham '— '  The  Story  of  "  Our  Mutual  Friend."  ' 

OBITUARY :— Cecil  Deedes. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE    TEMPESTS    OF    HOLMSIDE, 
CO.  DURHAM. 

IN  vol  xiii.  of  The  Catholic  Record  Society's 
Publications  at  p.  117  (note  383)  I- fell  into 
some  error  about  this  family.  Dodd  ( '  Church 
History,'  ii.,  Ill)  seems  also  to  have  fallen 
into  a  similar  confusion.  Perhaps  I  may 
be  allowed  to  rectify  it  here. 

(a)  Robert  Tempest,  of  Holmside,  High 
Sheriff  of  Durham  in  1561,  married  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lesthall,  of  Lachford, 
Oxfordshire  ;  by  whom  he  had  five  sons, 
Michael,  George,  Robert,  William  and 
Thomas.  He  and  his  eldest  son  Michael 
were  attainted  in  1569  for  having  taken 
part  in  the  Northern  Rebellion.  He  was 
specially  named  by  Thomas,  Earl  of  Sussex, 
in  a  proclamation  dated  Nov.  19,  1569.  On 
the  failure  of  the  Rebellion  he  crossed  the 


border  into  Scotland  and  on  Jan.  7,  1570, 
was  with  the  Lord  of  Buccleugh  at  Braiik- 
some.  He  and  his  son  Michael  embarked 
from  Aberdeen,  Aug.  23,  157.0.  They  were 
at  Louvain  in  1571.  On  June  11,  1571  one 
John  Lea  wrote  to  Lord  Burghley  from 
Antwerp  that  Robert  Tempest  and  others 
had  been  earnest  suitors  at  Brussels  for 
pensions  of  which  they  were  assured  :  but 
on  Jan.  1,  1572  Michael  Tempest  wrote  to 
his  cousin  Cuthbert  Vasey  from  Brussels, 
that  he  and  his  father  were  both  in  health 
and  living  quietly  with  safety  of  conscience, 
without  any  relief  as  yet  of  any  prince  ; 
nevertheless  they  were  expecting  it  shortly 
by  the  grace  of  God,  and  hoped  to  see  a 
happy  end  of  all  their  troubles.  In  another 
letter  addressed  to  James  Swynhoe,  gentle- 
man of  the  English  Countess  (i.e.  of  Northum- 
berland), and  dated  from  Louvain  Mar.  4, 
1572,  Michael  Tempest  mentions  his  "  cousin 
Swinburne."  Robert  Tempest  the  father 
died  at  Brussels.  Shortly  afterwards 
Michael  went  to  Spain  with  one  of  his  sons, 
probably  William.  They  were  in  Madrid, 
May  to  July  1574,  and  received  300  ducats, 
with  the  promise  of  35  ducats  a  month,  or 
40  ducats  a  month  in  Flanders.  Michael's 
banishment  from  the  Low  Countries  was 
demanded,  Dec.  1,  1574  and  July  3,  1575. 
He  died  abroad  before  1588.* 

.  (b)  Robert  Tempest,  the  third  son  of  the 
above-mentioned  Robert  took  the  law  as  his 
profession,  as  his  father,  and  as  his  brother 
Michael  had  done,  and  going  abroad  before 
the  Rebellion  took  the  degree  of  J.U.L.  at 
some  foreign  university,  probably  either 
Louvain  or  Paris.  He  arrived  at  the  English 
College  at  Rheims  Dec.  24,  1583  and  was 
ordained  deacon  by  Cardinal  de  Guise 
(afterwards  known  as  the  Cardinal  of 
Lorraine)  in  the  chapel  of  St  Cross  in  the 
Cathedral  Church  of  Rheims,  Mar.  31,  1584, 
and  left  for  Rome,  being  then  a  priest, 
Jan.  17,  1585.  In  1587  he  was  living  in 
Paris.  He  returned  to  Rheims  from  Paris 

Sept.    18,   1590  but  left  almost  at  once  for 
Paris  returning  again  to   Rheims,   Nov.    8, 

1590,  and  wras  appointed  procurator  to 
Dr.  Worthington,  the  head  of  the  College  in 


*  '  Cal.  S.P.  Dom.  Add.'  1566-1579,  pp.  91, 
95,  113,  117,  185,  352,  377,  386  ;  '  Members  of  the 
Inner  Temple  '  (London,  1877),  p.  32  ;  Sharp, 
'  Memorials  of  the  Eebellion  '  (London,  1840), 
pp.  33,  264  ;  Bridgwater,  '  Concertatio  Ecclesiae  '•- 
Proost,  '  Messager  des  Sciences  Historiques  ' 
(Gand,  1865),  pp.  284-6  ;  Hamilton,  '  Chronicle 
of  St.  Monica's,  Louvain,'  ii.  136  ;  Surtees 
'  Durham,'  ii.  327  pp.  sqq. 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  s.  1921. 


the  following  December.  In.  1592  he  was 
again  in  Paris,  but  afterwards  was  papal 
envoy  in  Scotland  in  1598,  and  then  went 
to  Antwerp,  from  which  place  he  came  to 
the  English  College  at  Douay  July  3,  1599. 
Returning  to  Antwerp,  he  revisited  Douay 
June  17,  1603,  and  left  to  take  up  work  on 
the  English  Mission  for  the  first  time,  June  20, 
1603.  From  England  he  returned  to  Ant- 
werp, where  he  died  before  September  1625, 
leaving  various  house  property  in  Antwerp 
to  Douay  College,  on  condition  that  the 
College  should  educate  one  of  his  kin,  on  the 
rents  thereof,  such  kinsman  to  be  nominated 
by  his  brother  William,  of  Somerton  in 
Oxfordshire,  or  his  nephew  Thomas,  one  of 
the  sons  of  the  said  William,  by  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  co -heir  of  William  More  of  Hadham, 
co.  Oxon.  The  rents  being  insufficient, 
Robert  Tempest's  nephew  and .  executor, 
Henry  Clifford,  covenanted  to  supplement 
them  out  of  his  own  pocket.  Henry  Clifford 
had  married  Robert's  niece  Catherine, 
daughter  of  his  brother  Thomas.* 

(c)  The  third  Robert  Tempest,  grandson 
of  the  first,  and  nephew  of  the  second,  was  the 
second  son  of  Michael  Tempest,  by  Dorothy, 
daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Dymokeof  Scrivelsby. 
He  was  in  Rome  in  1580,  and  arrived- at  the 
English  College,  Rheims,  "a  schola  Augensi  " 
Aug.  16,  1584.  He  was  again  at  Rome  in 
1585  when  he  entered  the  English  College, 
but  returned  to  Rheims  Oct.  23,  1589,  and 
left  for  Paris  on  a  visit  to  his  uncle  Robert 
Jan.  15,  1590.  While  there  he  experienced 
a  famine,  in  which  he  and  his  uncle  were 
only  too  thankful  to  feed  on  the  flesh  of 
asses,  mules,  and  horses.  He  returned  to 
Rheims  Aug.  21  and  began  to  lecture  on 
logic  Aug.  30,  1590.  He  received  minor 
orders  Apr.  12,  the  subdiaconate  Apr.  13,  and 
the  diaconate  June  8  or  9,  1591,  all  at 
Soissons,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  the 
chapel  of  St.  Cross  in  Rheims  Cathedral  the 
following  Sept.  21.  It  is  not  known  when 
he  took  the  degree  of  S.T.D.  which  he  did 
before  1599,  but  it  would  seem  to  have  been 
either  at  Rome  or  Paris.  In  July  1599  he 
was  lecturer  on  moral  theology  in  the  English 
College  at  Douay.  In  1600  he  went  to 
Antwerp  to  say  goodbye  to  his  uncle, 
returning  to  Douay  on  June  12,  and  on 
July  15  of  the  same  year  he  set  out  for 

*  Knox,  '  Douay  Diaries,'  pp.  12,  23,  200,  203, 
234,  236,  237,  250,  282,  300,  374  ;  Cath.  Rec.  Soc., 
x.  7,  71  244,  245  ;  Strype,  '  Annals,'  III.  ii.  698  ; 
IV.  148  ;  Hamilton,  '  Chronicle  of  St.  Monica's 
Louvain,'  ii.  pp.  134,  136. 


England.*  He  was  captured  in  1612  and 
imprisoned,  but  after  two  years  he  was 
released  on  bail  and  according  to  Cardinal 
Gasquet  ('Hist,  of  Eng.  Coll.  Rome,'  p.  155) 
"allowed  to  live  with  his  brother-in-law  in 
Hampshire  on  parole.  In  1624  he  became 
a  Jesuit,  and  died  in  Hampshire  July  13' 
1640."  Who  this  brother-in-law  was  I- 
have  been  unable  to  find  out.  Foley 
(Records  Eng.  Prov.  S.J.,  vii.  766)  says  that 
he  was  born  in  1563  and  professed  of  the 
four  vows  March,  1636. 

Robert's  elder  brother  William  passed 
through  Rheims  on  his  way  to  Verdun, 
where  he  was  to  be  educated  by  the  Jesuits, 
and  stayed  at  the  English  College  from 
May  2  to  12,  1582.  On  July  8,  1585  he  was 
again  received  at  the  College  coming  from 
England,  and  finally  on  his  way  from  Paris 
to  England  he  was  again  the  guest  of  the 
College  from  Mar.  25,  1590  to  Apr.  23, 1591.f 
Another  brother  (the  4th  son  of  Michael), 
Edward,  arrived  at  Rheims  June  1,  1586, 
was  confirmed  by  Cardinal  de  Guise,  Dec.  18 
following,  and  left  for  Rome  Mar.  27,  1590.$ 
There,  Cardinal  Gasquet  writes  (op.  cit., 
pp.  157-8),  he 

'  was  ordained  M.ar.  19,  1594,  but  did  not  go  to 
England  until  1597.  Two  years  later  he  was 
already  a  prisoner  in  the  Clink,  London,  as- 
appears  from  a  list  of  prisoners  in  that  year,  and 
from  a  letter  written  to  the  Archpriest  Blackwell 
from  that  prison  on  Jan.  15,  1590.  He  had  been 
captured  ten  days  before  by  the  apostate 
Sacheverell  " 
(as  to  whom  see  'N.  &  Q.'  11  S.  viii.  405). 

Nicholas  Tempest,  a  cousin  of  the  third 
Robert,  being  the  elder  son  of  his  uncle 
Thomas,  and  brother  of  Catherine  Clifford 
mentioned  above,  arrived  at  Rheims  Apr.  28, 
1584  and  again  Nov.  8,  1590.  He  left  for 
Namur  July  10,  1591  and  returned  Sept.  12, 
1591.  He  again  returned  from  Douay 
Feb.  13,  1593,  and  left  on  May  4  following 
to  take  up  a  military  career,  "  nostri  vitae 
generis  pertaesus  militatum  abut  D.  Nicolaus 
Tempest,  scholasticse  theologies  studiosus. " 
He  died  s.p.  before  1643,  and  was  buried 
at  ?  Carrow.  If,  as  seems  certain,  he  took 
service  with  the  King  of  Spain,  Carrow 
probably  means  Corunna  (Sp.  La  Coruna).§j 


*  '  Cal.  S.P.  For.,'  1580  ;  Hamilton,  op  cit.,. 
ii.  136;  Knox,  op  cit.,  pp.  15,  32,  201,  227,  232,. 
233,  236,  239,  240,  241,  374;  Cath.  Rec.  Soc* 
x.  pp.  7,22,  26. 

f  Knox,  op.  cit.,  pp.  187,  207,  229,  239. 

J  Knox,  op  cit.,  pp.  210,  214,  229.    . 

§  Knox  op  cit.,  pp.  201,  237,  240,  241,  249, 
250  ;  Surtees,  '  Durham,'  ii.  327  sqq. 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  s,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


This  originally  sinister  branch  of  the 
Yorkshire  Tempests  certainly  suffered  as 
much  as  the  parent  tree  for  the  Catholic 
Faith.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

RICHARD  SHAKESPEARE'S  NEIGHBOURS. 

1.    Sir   Thomas    Hargreave,    Vicar   of 
Snitterfield. 

WHILE  John  Shakespeare  was  taking  his 
place  among  seniors  and  contemporaries  in 
Stratford,  his  father  held  a  position  of  some 
esteem  among  neighbours  at  Snitterfield. 
When  Thomas  Hargreave,  vicar  from  1541 
to  1557,  died,  Richard  Shakespeare  and  four 
other  parishioners  were  called  upon  to  make 
the  inventory  of  his  goods  and  chattels. 
The  Vicar's  income  was  chiefly  derived  from 
his  glebe  land.  He  was  an  energetic  farmer 
with  a  kinswoman,  Ellen  Hargreave  the 
elder,  to  keep  house  for  him.  He  made  his 
will  on  Apr.  27,  1557,  with  bequests  to  his 
housekeeper  and  other  relatives  in  the 
district — a  brother  William,  a  sister  Joan 
(wife  of  John  Seylton  of  Desford),  James 
Hargreave  of  Minworth ;  Anthony  Har- 
greave, who  had  a  son  Thomas  ;  and  John 
Hargreave  of  Sutton  (Southam),  who  had 
sons  Anthony  and  John.  The  last  named 
was  probably  the  John  Hargreave  who  was 
tenant  with  Richard  Shakespeare  and  John 
Henley  of  Master  Robert  Arden's  property 
in  Snitterfield  and  near  neighbour  to  Richard 
Shakespeare.  Thomas  Hargreave  remem- 
bered also  his  servants  and  god-children,  and 
left  malt  and  peas  to  be  distributed  among  the 
"poor  where  need  is,"  likewise  "beef  and 
bacon  as  much  as  is  in  the  house."  He 
bequeathed  his  soul  "to  God  Almighty  and 
our  Blessed  Lady  and  all  the  Holy  Company 
of  Heaven,"  and  his  body  "to  be  buried  in 
the  church  of  Snitterfield  afore  my  seat  in 
the  chancel."  Towards  the  re-casting  of 
the  bell  he  left  Ws.  Residuary  legatees 
and  executors  were  Anthony  Fletcher,  Vicar 
of  Tachebrooke  and  our  friend  Edward 
Alcock  of  Wotton  Wawen,  who  were  to  dis- 
pose of  what  was  left  for  the  good  of  his 
soul  at  their  discretion.  Master  Thomas 
Robins  of  Northbrooke  and  his  son-in-law, 
Master  Edward  Grant,  he  appointed  super- 
visors. 

On  Wednesday,    May    5,    Richard  Shake- 
speare, in  the  company  of  Richard  Maids, 


Walter  Nicholson,  William  Perks  and 
William  Round,  made  a  personal  survey  of 
the  vicarage  and  farm.  They  noted  the  table^ 
benches,  tressels,  ambrey  (cupboard),  and 
seven  painted -cloths  in  the  hall ;  bedding, 
linen  and  coffer  in  the  parlour  above  the 
hall  (of  the  value  of  3Z.  2s.  3d.)  ;  six  bedsteads 
in  the  chambers  ;  utensils  in  the  mill -house 
and  kitchen  ;  corn  winnowed  in  the  house, 
and  corn  growing  in  the  field — 12  acres  of- 
wheat,  17  of  rye  and  maslin,  8  of  barley  and 
dredge,  12  of  oats  and  19  of  peas,  68  acres 
altogether;  4  oxen  (71.),  a  little  ambling 
nag  (2 6s.  Sd.),  and  an  old  lame  mare  (5s.)  ; 
a  wain  and  a  cart,  2  old  tumbrels,  3  ploughs, 
1  pair  of  harrows  and  other  things  :  summcs 
totalis  34Z.  10s.  2d. 

2.   Widow  Townsend  of  the  Wold. 

More  than  one  family  lived  at  the  Wold 
in  the  parish  of  Snitterfield.  Among  them 
were  the  Townsends — John  and  his  wife 
Margaret,  and  their  two  sons,  William  and 
Thomas,  and  two  daughters,  Mary  and  Joan. 
John  Townsend  was  a  freeholder,  known  to 
Master  Robert  Arden.  He  witnessed  the 
release  of  John  Palmer's  tenement,  adjoin- 
ing Richard  Shakespeare's  farm,  to  Master 
Arden  on  Oct.  ),  1529.  When  he  made  his 
will  on  Oct.  10,  1546,  he  left  his  freehold  to 
his  wife  for  life  and  to  dispose  of  at  death 
as  she  thought  best.  He  expressed  the 
wish  that  she  and  Thomas  should  occupy 
two  parts  of  the  farm  jointly,  and  William 
the  third  part.  Among  the  three  he  dis- 
tributed his  corn  and  crop,  carts,  beasts  and 
horses  and  other  things,  reserving  a  cow  for 
his  daughter  Joan  and  a  nose -calf  for  her 
son.  This  Joan  was  Mistress  Waterman  of 
Stratford,  wife  of  Thomas  Dickson  alias 
Waterman,  glover  and  whittawer  in  Bridge 
Street,  and  future  Alderman,  and  her'  son 
was  young  Thomas,  the  future  husband  of 
Phillipa  Burbage  and  landlord  of  the  Swan. 
John  Townsend's  other  daughter  (appar- 
ently Mary)  was  married  to  John  Staunton 
of  Longbridge,  near  Warwick,  and  the 
mother  of  children.  One  of  her  later  born, 
or  perhaps  a  grand- child,  was  Judith 
Staunton,  who  became  the  wife  of 
William  Shakespeare's  friend,  Hamlet 
Sadler.  After  Judith  and  Hamlet 
Sadler  the  Poet  named  his  twin  children 
on  Candlemas  day,  1585. 

Widow  Townsend  survived  her  husband 
ten  or  twelve  years.  With  her  sons,  of 
whom  Thomas  married  and  had  a  son 
Thomas,  she  lived  on  the  freehold  farm  at 


24 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  8, 1021. 


the  Wold,  taking  an  active  share  in  the 
work.  We  see  her  in  her  "  old  coat  "  on 
week-days,  with  her  head  in  a  kerchief, 
.among  her  bees  and  milk-pails,  grinding 
ms.lt  and  making  cheese,  and  busy  in  the 
kitchen,  aided  by  her  servant  and  kins- 
woman, Alice  Townsend,  who  after  her 
death,  we  gather,  married  her  son,  William. 
"Thomas  ploughed  the  fields  with  his  team 
of  oxen  ;  or  followed  the  "  ox-harrow  with 
seventeen  tines  (or  teeth)  of  iron."  On 
, Sunday  she  went  to  church,  where  her 
husband  was  buried,  in  a  hat  or  cap,  wearing 
her  beads  and  a  silver  ring,  in  a  gown  of 
velvet,  a  black  kirtle  and  a  red  petticoat 
"  over-bodied  with  red  russels  "  (fox-skins), 
.  and  "  a  harnessed  girdle  of  silver." 

She  made  her  will  on  June  1,  1558,  be- 
queathing the  farm  to  Thomas,  with  "  all 
the  wood  lying  against  the  elms  at  the 
chamber  end,"  and  a  cow  and  a  few  house- 
hold things,  and  all  the  remainder  of  her 
possessions,  except  some  personal  gifts,  to 
William.  Mistress  WTaterman  obtained  her 
mother's  cap;  Thomas'  wife  had  the 
"harnessed  girdle  of  silver,"  and  the  rest 
of  the  Sunday  garments  ;  a  god-daughter, 
Margaret  Phillips,  daughter  of  William 
Phillips  of  Stratford  (and  cousin  of  the 
other  Margaret  Philiips,  daughter  of  Mistress 
Waterman,  now  wife  of  Edward  Walford 
of  Evenlode)  inherited  the  silver  ring,  and 
Alice  Townsend,  the  prospective  wife,  as  it 
appears,  of  William,  a  cow,  a  pair  of  sheets, 
a  twilly  (or  coverlet),  a  caldron,  two  pewter 
dishes,  a  pair  of  tache-hooks  and  two 
"partlets."  Mary  Staunton's  children  re- 
ceived a  memorial  groat  apiece,  while  her 
husband  had  the  appointment  of  supervisor 
to  the  will.  Thomas'  right  to  seven  gold 
pieces  (two  angels  and  five  crowns),  given 
to  him  one  day  by  his  mother  in  the  barn, 
is  acknowledged  by  William. 

On  Oct.  10,  1558,  the  inventory  of  Widow 
1  Townsend's    goods    was    made    by    Thomas 
Palmer,  Thomas  Mayowe,  and  William  Bett 
(or  Bott),  another  resident  on  the  Wold. 

Was  it  through  the  Townsends  that 
young  John  Shakespeare  was  apprenticed 
to  a  glover  and  whittawer  in  Stratford  ? 
And  did  he  enter  the  service  of  Joan  Town- 
send's husband,  Thomas  Dickson  alias 
Waterman,  and  become  a  member  of  her 
household  ?  When  a  nephew  of  Joan  and  a 
grandson  of  Widow  Townsend  named  John, 
son  probably  of  Thomas  Townsend,  had  a 
son  Edward  baptized  on  July  13,  1578, 
Edward  Cornwall,  brother-in-law  of  John 
Shakespeare,  living  in  John  Shakespeare's 


old  home  in  Snitterfield,  stood  godfather  ; 
and  when  eight  years  later,  on  Sept.  4,  1586, 
John  Townsend's  son  Henry  was  baptized 
in  Snitterfield  Church,  John  Shakespeare's 
brother,  Henry  Shakespeare  of  Ingon,  was 
sponsor. 

3.  Roger  Lyncecombe. 

Another  link  between  Snitterfield  and 
Stratford  was  Roger  Lyncecombe.  He  was 
a  yeoman  of  Snitterfield  with  a  small  shop 
in  Henley  Street,  Stratford,  near  the  home 
of  John  Shakespeare  and  Mary  Arden.  His 
farm  at  Snitterfield  was  by  the  Lammas 
Close.  He  had  land  also  at  Yardley,  which 
he  purchased  and  bequeathed  to  his  son 
Thomas.  We  get  a  glimpse  of  him  in  the 
year  1538  as  overseer  of  the  will  of  a  Strat- 
ford man,  William  Facey,  who  also  had 
land  at  Yardley.  He  had  two  sons,  John 
and  the  aforesaid  Thomas,  and  three 
daughters,  one  married  to  Thomas  Warner 
of  Wellesburn,  the  second  to  Henry  Bowton 
of  Pillardington,  and  the  third,  Agnes,  who 
was  not  married  in  his  lifetime.  On  Jan.  14, 
1557,  he  was  appointed  overseer  to  the  will 
of  a  Snitterfield  neighbour,  William  Bracy, 
whose  goods  he  helped  to  appraise  on 
Feb.  7  following.  An  item  in  this  will 
throws  light  on  the  "second  best  bed  "  in 
William  Shakespeare's  will  sixty  years  later. 
William  Bracy  said  : — 

"My  wife  Margery  shall  have  to  her  use  all  my 
household  stuff  except  one  bed,  the  second-best,  the 
which  I  give  and  bequeath  to  John  my  son  with 
three  pair  of  sheets." 

He  evidently  wished  his  wife  to  retain  the 
best  bed,  and  his  son  to  have  the  second- 
best  after  his  death.  As  evidently  Shakes- 
peare wanted  his  wife  to  keep  her  bed,  which 
was  the  second-best  at  New  Place,  when  his 
daughter  and  her  husband,  Doctor  Hall, 
came  into  the  house  on  his  decease. 

On  June  24,  1557,  Roger  Lyncecombe  was 
made  overseer  of  the  will  of  another  Snitter- 
field friend,  Thomas  Harding.  He  signed  his 
own  will  on  Aug.  13,  1558,  and  Richard 
Shakespeare  helped  to  value  his  goods  on 
Apr.  21,  1559.  The  widow  maintained  the 
connection  with  Stratford,  where  on  June  22, 
1560,  her  daughter  Agnes  married  the  young 
usher  at  the  Grammar  School,  successor  to 
old  Dalam  and  assistant  to  Master  William 
Smart,  William  Gilbert  alias  Higges  (pro- 
noanced  Hidges).  They  perhaps  lived  in  a 
house  in  Rother  Market,  for  which  widow 
Lyncecombe  paid  rent  until  her  death  in 
1570.  William  Gilbert  alias  Higges  lived 


12  s.  vni.  JAN.  s,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


in  Stratford  (with  a  short  break  when  he 
resided  at  Wotton  Wawen)  as  usher, 
scrivener,  clock-keeper,  assistant-minister 
or  in  some  other  capacity  for  over  half  a  cen- 
tury, and  must  have  been  a  very  familiar 
figure  to  "William  Shakespeare. 

EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 

(To  be  continued.) 


STATUES    AND    MEMORIALS    IN    THE 
BRITISH  ISLES. 

(See  10  S.  xi.,  xii. :  11  S.  i.-xii. :  12  S.  i.-vi. 
,  passim.} 

ROYAL  PERSONAGES. 

Boadicea. — Westminster  Bridge,  inscrip- 
tions ; — 

Boadicea  |     (Boudicca)  |  Queen  of  the  Iceni  1 
who    died    A.D.    61  |  after    leading    her    people  j 
against    the    Roman    invader.  |  This    Statue    by 
Thomas  Thornycroft  |  was  presented  to  London 
by  his  son  |  Sir  John  Isaac  Thornycroft,  C.E.  | 
and  placed  here  by  the  London  County  Council  j 
A.D.     1902.  |  Regions    Caesar    never    knew  |  Thy 
posterity  shall  sway.  | 

Parliament  Hill,  Essex  Naturalist,  viii.,  1894, 
p.  248. 

Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Charles  I. — Newport 
Church,  I.O.W.  Monument  by  Marochetti, 
erected  by  Queen  Victoria. 

Charles  II.— Old  Southwark  Town  Hall 
(12  S.  v.  260).,  underneath  the  statue  was 
an  inscription:  "  Combustum  an.  1676. 
Reedificatum  Annis  1685  et  1686."  Re- 
moved from  the  watch-house  to  the  garden 
of  Mr.  Edmonds  at  Walworth  (Gent.  Mag., 
1840,  pt.  i.,  p.  359).  Offered  for  sale  by  a 
Kensington  dealer  in  1915,  who  found  it  in  a 
field  at  Hayes,  Middlesex  (John  o'  London's 
Weekly,  Sept.  4,  1920).  Stocks'  Market 
(12  S.  v.  260).— Sloane  MS.  655,  f.  42b. 

Charlotte. — Kew  Palace  (Queen's  bed- 
room). Brass  plate  over  fireplace  with 
inscription  ; — 

This  tablet  is  placed  here  I  by  command  of  | 
Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria  ]  in  memory  of  her 
grandmother  |  Her    Majesty    Queen    Charlotte  | 
consort  of  |  His  Majesty  King  George  III. 
There  is  also  a  bust  of  Charlotte  by  Percy 
Fitzgerald  in  the  room. 

George  IV. — Kingstown  Harbour,  Dublin. 
— Obelisk  surmounted  by  a  crown  marking 
the  spot  where  the  king  ran  down  the  slope 
to  his  barge.  Royal  Dublin  Society  (on 
staircase)  statue  with  inscription  ; — 

This  Statue  |  of  |  His  Majesty  George  IV.  1 
was  erected  by  |  the  Merchants  engaged  in  the  | 


Linen  Trade  of  Ireland  |  to   commemorate  |  Hi&- 
Majesty's  gracious  visit  |  to  the  |    Linen  Hall  j 
on  the  23rd  of  August  |  1821.  |  T.  Kirk  fecit  ] 
R.  H.  A.  |  182L.  [sic]  \  DUBLIN. 

In  entrance  hall,  Royal  Dublin  Society, 
statue  by  William  Behnes,  completed  by 
C.  Panormo,  inscription  on  front  of  pedestal  -r 

GEOBGIVS  |  IV.  |  MDCCCXXI. 
Bust  in  Goldsmith's  Hall,  London. 

Caroline. — Statues     at     Queen's     College,  ~ 
Oxford  and  Stowe,  Bucks. 

William  IV. — Statues  over  gateway,  Royal 
Victualling  Yard,  Cremill,  Plymouth,  and 
Bank  of  England  (Cheese).  Busts  in  Gold- 
smiths' Hall  (Chantrey),  Vauxhall  Gardens 
(sold  for  10,9.  in  1844)  and  on  staircase  of  the 
Tower  armoury. 

Victoria.  —  Buckingham  Palace,  the 
National  Memorial  was  prepared  on  Prim- 
rose Hill  the  large  temporary  wooden 
erection  near  the  gymnasium  being  put  up 
for  the  purpose ;  see  '  The  Regent's  Park  and 
Primrose  Hill '  (Webster),  p.  90.  Entrance 
hall,  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  white  marble 
statue  in  state  robes,  by  M.  Noble,  the  gift 
of  Sir  John  Musgrove,  Bart.,  President,.  - 
1873.  Junior  Constitutional  Club,  Picca- 
dilly, white  marble  statue  in  state  robes, 
by  [Sir]  Thomas  Brock,  with  inscription  ; — 

This  statue  in  commemoration  of  the  Diamond 
Jubilee  was  subscribed  for  by  members  of  the 
Club,  and  was  unveiled  on  5th  February,  1902, 
by  the  Marquess  of  Salisbury,  K.G.,  Prime 
Minister. 

St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  in  front  of  steps, 
inscription  ; — 

Here    Queen    Victoria  |  returned    thanks    to  | 
Almighty  God  for  the  |  sixtieth  anniversary  |  of 
her  accession,  |  June  22,  A.D.  1897.  | 

Houses  of  Parliament,  two  statues  in 
Victoria  Tower,  one  within  the  porch  and 
the  other  immediately  above  the  entrance, 
in  Prince's  Chamber  (north  wall)  marble 
statue  by  J.  Gibson.  See  also  *  Return  of 
Outdoor  Memorials  in  London,'  issued  by 
L.C.C.,  1910,  pp.  51-53.  Maidstone,  Kent, 
statue  at  top  of  High  Street,  by  John 
Thorna-3,  with  inscription  ; — 

The  gift  of  j  Alexander  Randall  |  to  his  native 
town  |  1862.  | 

Plaster  replica  in  the  town  museum- 
Dublin.  Courtyard  of  Leinster  House,  bronze 
statue  by  John  Hughes,  the  pedestal  being- 
wrought  in  France  of  French  stone  by  H. 
Vienne.  The  three  bronze  groups  represent 
Peace,  Industry  and  War ;  it  is  still  un- 
completed and  its  effect  spoiled  by  the  sur- 
rounding high  buildings.  Unveiled  Feb.  15r. 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  s,  1021. 


1908,  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant  (Lord  Aber- 
deen). Kingstown,  Dublin,  on  the  jetty 
are  two  stones,  forming  part  of  the  harbour 
wall  boundary,  recording  the  first  and  last 
-visits  of  the  queen,  the  inscriptions  are  ; — 

V.R.  1849. 
V.B.  1900. 

Medical  Examination  Hall,  Strand  (12  S. 
iii.  15). 

Particulars    are    desired    of   the    Victoria 
memorials     at     Newport,    I.O.W.,    and    in 
-the   grounds  of  Woodlands  (Luttrelstown), 
Dublin  (obelisk).  J.  ARDAGH. 

27  Hartismere  Road,  Walham  Green,  S.W.6. 


THE   PRINCE   OF  WALES   IN  AUSTRALIA  : 
THE  TITLE  DUKE  OF  CORNWALL. — In  con- 
mection  with  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
to   Australia   there   is   an   incident  relating 
to  his  titles  which  should  be  put  on  record 
in    *N.    &   Q.'     An  official  instruction  was 
issued  as  to  the  manner  in  which  His  Royal 
Highness  was  to  be  described  in  addresses 
presented    to    him,    and    in    the    addresses 
prepared  before  his  arrival  the  direction  was 
followed.     In  these  there  is  no  mention  of 
the  "Duke  of  Cornwall."     In  fact  in  certain 
quarters    where    greater    knowledge    should 
;have  existed  it  was  asserted  that  the  Prince 
was  not  the  Duke  of  Cornwall.     When  His 
Royal  Highness  reached  Victoria  Sir  Langdon 
Bonython,  K.C.M.G.,  a  well-known  Cornish- 
man,  directed  attention  to  the  omission  by  a 
letter   in   the   Melbourne    Argus.     He    em- 
phasized   the    points    that    the    "Duke    of 
'•Cornwall  "   is   not   a   mere   title,   but   very 
much  more  than  that,  and  that  "the  eldest 
son  of  the  King  is  Duke  of  Cornwall,"  being 
made     Prince     of     Wales.     Correspondence 
followed    with    the    result    that    the    Prime 
Minister  of  Australia  received  from  Lieut.  - 
-•Col.  Grigg  (Secretary  to  the  Prince  of  Wales) 

.a  communication  in  which  he  said  : 

"The  Prince  of  Wales  has  observed  |that  some 
discussion  has  taken  place  regarding  the  omission 
of  the  title  of  '  Duke  of  Cornwall'  from  the  list  of 
titles  prefixed  to  the  addresses  presented  to  him 
here.  His  Royal  Highness  very  much  regrets  that 
owing  to  some  error  in  the  original  communication 
forwarded  to  this  country  on  the  matter,  the  title 
-of  '  Duke  of  Cornwall,'  of  which  he  is  very  proud, 
.has  not  appeared  in  the  addresses  hitherto  received 
by  him.  He  directs  me,  therefore,  to  ask  you  to 
'•have  the  proper  list  of  titles,  which  I  attach, 
-circulated  to  all  concerned." 

The  following  is  the  list  referred  to  : — 
His  Royal  Highness   Edward  Albert   Christian 
George  Andrew  Patrick   David,   Princ*  of  Wales 
•and  Earl   of   Chester  in  the  Peerage  of  the  United 


Kingdom,  Duke  of  Cornwall  in  the  Peerage  of  Eng- 
land, Duke  of  Rothesay,  Earl  of  Carrick,  and 
Baron  of  Renfrew  in  the  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Lord 
of  the  Isles  and  Great  Steward  of  Scotland,  K.G., 
GLC.M.G.,  G.C.V.O.,  G.M.B.E.,  and  M.C. 

From  the  above  list  the  words  in  italics 
in  the  Peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Duke 
of  Cornwall,  were  omitted,  the  consequence 
being  that  the  addresses  prepared  in 
accordance  with  the  original  instruction 
contain  an  absolute  misstatement.  His 
Royal  Highness  is  not  "  Prince  of  Wrales  and 
Earl  of  Chester  in  the  Peerage  of  England." 
He  is  "Duke  of  Cornwall  in  the  Peerage  of 
England,"  and  "Prince  of  Wales  and  Earl 
of  Chester  in  the  Peerage  of  the  United 
Kingdom. ' ' 

AN  AUSTRALIAN  CORNISHMAN. 
Melbourne. 

PRONUNCIATION  OF  GREEK. — Sir  Richard 
C.  Jebb,  M.P.,  Regius  Professor  of  Greek 
(1902),  writes  in  chap.  xvi.  of  the  '  Cambridge 
Modern  History,'  vol.  i.  p.  581,  headed  'The 
Classical  Renaissance  '  : — 

"Mention  is    due    here  to  the  important   part 
which  both  these  eminent  men  [Sir  John  Cheke  and 
Sir  Thomas  Smith  I    bore   in  a  controversy  which 
excited  and  .divided  the  humanists  of  that  age.    The 
teachers  from  whom  the  Scholars  of  the  Renaissance 
learned  Greek  pronounced  that  language  as  Greeks 
do  at  the  present  day.    In  1528  Erasmus  published 
at    Basel    his    dialogue    De  recta    Latini  Grecique 
Sermonis  Pronuntiatione.     His  protest  was  chiefly 
directed  against  the  modern  Greek  iotasism  :   i.e., 
the  pronunciation  of  several  different  vowels  and 
diphthongs  with  the  same  sound,  that  of  the  Italian 
''.     He  rightly  maintained  that  the  ancients  must 
have  given  to  each  of  these  vowels  and  diphthongs 
a  distinctive  pound  ;  and  he  urged  that  it  was  both 
irrational  and  inconvenient  not  to  do  so.      He  also 
objected  to  the  modern  Greek  mode  of  pronouncing 
certain  consonants.      His   reformed  pronunciation 
name  to  be  known  as  the  '  Erasmian ' ;  while  that  used 
by  modern  Greeks  was  called,  the    'Reuchlinian,' 
because    Reuchlin   (whom    Melanchthon    followed) 
had  upheld  it.      About   15g5,   Thomas   Smith   and  3 
John  Cheke— then  young  men  of  about  twenty — 
examined  the  question  for  themselves,  and  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  Erasmus  was  right.    Thereupon 
Smith  began  to  use  the  '  Erasmian  '  pronunciation 
in  his  Greek  lectures — though  cautiously  at  first  ; 
Cheke  and   others  supported  him  ;  and  the  reform 
was  soon  generally  accepted.    But  in  1542,  Bishop 
Gardiner,  the  Chancellor  of  the  University,  issued 
a  decree,  enjoining  a  return   to    the  Reuchlinian 
mode.  Ascham  has  described,  not  without  humour, 
the    discontent    which  this  edict  evoked.     After 
Elizabeth's  accession,  the  'Erasmian'  method  was 
restored." 

Arising  out  of  this  passage  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  :  (1)  Do  the  words  "as  Greeks 
do  at  the  present  day  "  mean  in  1528—35 
or  in  1902  ?  The  phrasing  is  somewhat 
obscure.  (2)  If  in  the  former,  what  was  the 


12  s.  VIIT.  JAN.  s,  1921]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


value  of  the  protest  of  Erasmus  ?  (3)  Surely 
the  Greeks  "at  the  present  day"  (1528) 
would  be  better  guides  in  the  matter  than 
either  Erasmus  or  Smith  or  Cheke,  as 
•Italians  are  accounted  to  be  in  the  pro- 
nunciation of  Latin.  (4)  What  is  the  root 
difference  (other  than  that  indicated  above) 
between  the  two  systems  ?  (5)  Does  either 
of  them  obtain  in  our  Universities  and 
•colleges  in  our  "present  day  "  ? 

J.  B.  Me  GOVERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester, 

THE  PRESS  AND  CHRISTMAS. — The  general 
suspension  of  the  publication  of  newspapers 
in  England  on  Christmas  Day,  1913,  is 
recorded  at  11  S.  viii.  505,  The  Times  being 
"tlie  last  of  the  London  papers  to  break  the 
continuity  of  issue.  It  may  now  be  useful 
to  note  that  no  newspapers  were  published 
on  Boxing  Day,  1920,  and  that  for  three 
consecutive  days  (Sunday  falling  on  Dec.  26) 
there  wa^  an  entire  suspension  of  English 
'newspapers.  ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

MADAME  DE  SEVIGNE  AND  MASSON. — 
The  '  Selection  from  the  Letters  of  Madame 
de  Sevigne  and  her  Contemporaries  '  (Oxford 
Clarendon  Press  Series,  French  Classics 
first  published  1868)  was  edited  by  Gustave 
Masson,  professor  at  Harrow  School.  The 
*Lettres  Choisies  de  Mesdames  de  Sevigne, 
de  Grignan,  de  Simiane,  et  de  Maintenon  ' 
(Paris,  Bossange,  1835)  was  edited  by  J.  R. 
Masson.  This  is  probably  the  only  instance 
of  "  classics  "  edited  by  two  annotators  of 
the  same  surname  for  educational  purposes. 
The  selections  (so  far  as  Mme.  de  Sevigne  is 
-concerned)  are  nearly  similar. 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 
'36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

TOBACCO  :  RETURNS. — Inquiry  among  the 
tobacco  authorities  in  this  country  having 
failed  to  elicit  an  explanation  of  the  origin 
of  this  term  as  applied  to  a  description  of 
tobacco,  I  have  been  favoured  by  the 
Tobacco  Merchants  Association1  of  the 
United  States,  Beekman  Street,  New  York, 
with  the  following  references. 

Fairholt,  in  his  '  Tobacco  :  its  History 
Associations  '  (1876),  writes  : — 

'I  The  lighter  kinds  of  tobacco,  such  as  Returns' 
Orinoco,  £c.,  are  very  sparingly  wetted  ;  only  just 
sprinkled,  and  not  allowed  to  soak.  They  are 
just  sufficiently  damp  to  squeeze  into  form  in  the 
box  ;  and,  owing  to  their  dryness,  are  less  easily'cut 
than  damper  tobaccos,  which  owe  their  dark  colour 
principally  to  'liquoring' ;  and  to  increase  this,  the 
fltianufacturer  saves  the  stained  water  which  drains 


from  the  leaves,  to  wet  the  tobacco  with,  over 
and  over  again  ;  nothing  is  wasted  in  a  tobacco 
factory." 

Prescott,  in  'Tobacco  and  its  Adultera- 
tions '  (1858),  writes  : — 

"Shag  tobacco  is  chiefly  prepared  from  the 
Virginian  and  Kentucky  leaves.  Returns,  from  the 
small  pieres  of  broken  leaf  produced  in  the  various 
processes  of  manufacture." 

W.  A.  Penn,  in  'The  Soverane  Herbe,' 
page  125,  states  : — 

"  Shag,  the  oldest  of  cut  tobaccos,  is  prepared 
from  strong  leaf,  very  finely  cut  into  strips  of  one- 
fiftieth  of  an  inch,  and  steamed  and  kneaded. 
Returns  is  made  in  the  same  way  from  light  coloured 
and  mild  tobacco.  It  is  so  called  from  being 
originally  prepared  by  returning  shag  for  re- 
cutting." 

J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101  Piccadilly,  W.I. 

PRINCE  CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART'S 
SWORDS. — The  following  short  entry  is 
transcribed  from  The  Manchester  Evening 
News,  Wednesday,  Oct.  13,  1920,  which 
seems  worthy  of  a  place  in  '  1ST.  &  Q. ' : — 

u  A  sword  which  was  worn  by  '  Bonnie  Prince 
Charlie '  has  gone  to  the  United  States  as  a  gift 
from  Lord  Garroch  to  Mrs.  Calhoun  of  Washing- 
ton, a  descendant  of  the  House  of  Mar." 

The  underneath  subject  was  on  view  at 
Royal  Jubilee  Exhibition,  Old  Trafford, 
Manchester  ;  department  of  Old  Manchester 
and  Salford,  1887,  and  it  was  described  in  a 
catalogue,  'Relics  of  Old  Manchester  and 
Salford,'  pp.  92. 

Sword  bearing  the  inscription  : — 

"  Presented  to  Sir  Thomas  Sheridan,  Kt,,  by  His 
Royal  Highness  Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart, 
Lawful  Heir  to  the  Throne  of  Great  Britain. 
Ireland,  France,  £c.,  in  the  presence  of  the  Chevalier 
de  St.  George,  Visoount  Strathallan.  Lords  Nairn, 
George  Murray,  Kilmarnock,  Cromarty,  and  Bal- 
merino,  at  our  Palace  of  Holyrood,  Edinburgh, 
1745.  Semper  fidelis  secret  et  hardi." 
Owner  (the  late)  Sir  William  Cunliffe  Brooks, 
Bart.,  M.P. 

FREDERICK  LAWRENCE  TAVARE. 

22  Trentham  Street,  Pendleton,  Manchester. 

THE  ANTIDOTE  OF  MITHRIDATES  (See 
12  S.  vii.  519). — The  antidote  of  which  the 
receipt  is  said  to  have  been  discovered  in 
the  cabinet  of  Mithridates  VI,  consisted  of 
20  leaves  of  rue,  1  grain  of  salt,  2  nuts,  and 
2  dried  figs,  but  this  is  not  the  Mithridatium 
of  the  Roman  and  later  physicians,  or  any- 
thing like  it.  Celsus  gives  a  receipt  (I 
believe  the  earliest  known)  containing  38 
ingredients.  These  were  afterwards  in- 
creased to  75,  but  many  receipts  have 
less,  and  that  adopted  in  the  first  London 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  8, 1921. 


Pharmacopoeia  and  retained  until  1788  had 
from  45  to  48,  none  of  the  four  named  above 
being  amongst  them.  The  most  active 
ingredient  was  opium,  and  to  this  the  medi- 
oine  doubtless  owed  its  popularity.  It  owes 
(so  far  as  is  known)  nothing  to  Mithridates 
but  its  name.  C.  C.  B. 


(  items. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

A  NATURAL  DAUGHTER  OF  GEORGE  III. — 
An  old  diary  lately  discovered  contains  this 
entry:  "My  mother  was  a  very  beautiful 
woman,  and  was  of  very  high  birth."  The 
allusion  is  to  Frances  Hay  wood  or  Hay  word, 
who  was  m.  (1)  to  —  Read,  Reed,  or  Reid, 
and  (2)  on  Dec.  22,  1800,  at  Liverpool  to 
James  Waller  Hewitt,  who  was  bapt. 
James  only  on  Nov.  2,  1777,  at  Wickham 
Market,  Suffolk,  being  son  of  William 
Hewitt  and  Sarah  Waller.  Tradition  relates 
that  Frances  Haywood  was  a  natural 
daughter  of  George  III.,  that  she  was  some 
years  older  than  J.  W.  Hewitt,  that  she  was 
"  great  friends  "  with  George  III.  's  daughters 
Sophia,  born  1777,  and  Amelia,  born  1783, 
and  that  Mrs.  Hewitt's  daughter  Frances 
used  to  go  to  the  Duke  of  Kent's  house  and 
was  given  a  scarf  by  the  Princess  Victoria. 
Further,  that  the  beautiful  Frances  Hay- 
wood-Reed-Hewitt  had  her  portrait  painted 
by  Allen  Ramsay  (1713-1784),  or  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds  (1723-92),  or  Sir  Henry  Raeburn 
(1756-1823). 

I  cannot  find  any  record  of  the  above 
marriage  at  Liverpool  in  1800.  On  Dec.  11, 
1801,  their  daughter  Frances  was  bapt.  at 
New  Windsor,  Berks.  In  April,  1803, 
their  daughter  Mary  Catherine  was  born, 
and  in  November,  1807,  their  daughter 
Clarissa  was  born.  From  October,  1808,  to 
May,  1811,  J.  W.  Hewitt  was  ensign  and 
lieutenant  in  the  Bedfordshire  Militia. 
From  May,  1811,  to  November,  1817,  he  was 
ensign  and  lieutenant  in  the  1st  Regt.  of 
Foot,  of  which  the  Duke  of  Kent  was 
colonel.  In  November,  1817,  he  retired  on 
half-pay.  About  that  date  he  and  his  wife 
"separated,"  and  she  settled  with  her  three 
daughters  at  Belfast,  where  in  1827-28  the 
two  elder  were  married.  Mrs.  Hewitt  diec 
and  was  buried  at  Belfast,  as  was  also  hee 
unmarried  daughter  Clarissa  about  1888-96 


'Capt."  Hewitt  died  at  Reading  on  July  9, 
1867,  aged  89.  Tradition  states  that  he  and 
lis  wife  and  their  daughter  Clarissa  received 
until  the  day  of  their  deaths  "  a  secret  grant 
~rom  a  high  source." 

Can  any  student  of  the  secret  history  of 
.he  period  1750-1850  throw  any  further 
ight  on  this  mysterious  beauty  ? 

C.  PARTRIDGE,  F.S.A. 

Stowmarket,  Suffolk. 

CORNELIUS  DREBBEL.  —  I  shall  be  much' 
obliged  to  any  reader  of  <N.  &  Q.'  who  can 
give  me  further  information  concerning  the 
person  and  the  works  of  the  Dutch  naturalist, 
nventor  and  engineer  Cornelius  Drebbel, 
who  lived  about  1604-1625  in  England  at 
the  court  of  James  I,  or  concerning  his 
son  -  in  -  law,  Dr.  Abr.  Kufler,  dyer,  at 
Stratford,  Bow.  I  am  especially  in  search  of 
such  data  as  may  be  found  in  unpublished/ 
records  or  in  the  manuscripts  of  private' 
libraries,  in  judicial  acts,  bills,  &c.,  the- 
printed  records  being  already  taken  into 
account  by  me. 

PROFESSOR  DR.  F.  M,  JAEGER. 

The  University,  Groningen,  Holland. 

MATTHEW  PARIS.  —  The  following  inveo 
tive  against  the  Preaching  or  Mendicant 
Friars  (presumably  a  modern  translation 
from  the  Latin)  is  said  to  have  been  written, 
by  Matthew  Paris,  who  was  a  Benedictine 
monk  at  St.  Albans,  and  naturally  looked 
upon  them  as  rivals  :  — 

'The  friars  who  have  been  founded  hardly  forty 
years  have  built  residences  as  the  palaces  of  Kings.. 
These  are  they  who  enlarging  day  by  day  their 
sumptuous  edifices  encircling  them  with  lofty 
walls,  lay  up  in  them  their  incalculable  treasures*. 
imprudently  transgressing  the  bounds  of  poverty 
and  violating  the  very  fundamental  rules  of  their 
profession." 

If  some  one  will  tell  me  where  this  passage 
occurs  among  the  writings  of  Matthew  Paris 
I  shall  be  very  much  obliged. 

PHILIP  NORMAN. 

45  Evelyn  Gardens,  S.W.7. 

FAMILY  '  OF  DICKSON.  —  I  am  collecting 
data  for  a  biographical  and  genealogical 
history  of  the  family  of  Dickson  of  Scotland,. 
and  I  should  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  of 
that  name  with  genealogical  details  of  their 
ancestry  and  any  items  of  interesting  family 
history.  JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 


SAMUEL  DICKSON,  M.D.,  born  1802, 
the  author  of  '  Chromo-Thermal  System  of 
Medicine.'  He  studied  medicine  at  Edin- 
burgh, L.R.C.S.  Edin.,  1825,  obtained  a 


i2s.  vin.  JAN.  s,  mi.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


commission  as  Asst.rSurgeon  in.  the  army 
and  went  to  India  to  join  the  30th  Regt. 
of  Foot.  During  five  years'  service  in 
India  he  acquired  a  large  surgical  experience. 
On  his  return  home  in  1833  he  took  his  M.D. 
degree  at  Glasgow  and  began  private 
practice  at  Cheltenham.  He  subsequently 
removed  to  Mayfair.  Was  an  author  of 
'Hints  on  Cholera,'  &c.  He  married  Eliza, 
dau.  of  D.  Johnstone  of  Overtoun,  and  died 
at  28  Bolton  Street,  Piccadilly,  W.,  on 
Oct.  12,  1869,  aged  67  years. 

I  seek  genealogical  details  of  his  ancestry. 
Was  he  a  son  of  Samuel  Dickson,  W.S.,  of 
Edinburgh,  born  1777  ? 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove.  Sussex. 

'  Qui  Hi  IN  HINDOSTAN.  ' — I  am  anxious 
to  know  who  was  the  author  of  '  The  Grand 
Master,  or  Adventures  of  Qui  Hi  in  Hin- 
dostan,'  published  in  1816 ;  also  where 
Rowlandson  got  the  materials  for  his  illus- 
trations to  the  '  Adventures  of  Qui  Hi. ' 

S.  T.  S. 

'LIFE  IN  BOMBAY.' — Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  who  was  the  author  of  '  Life 
in  Bombay  and  the  Neighbouring  Out- 
stations,'  published  by  Bentley  in  1852  ? 

S.  T.  S. 

"To  OUTRUN  THE  CONSTABLE." — What 
is  the  origin  of  this  phrase,  which  means  to 
exceed  one's  financial  resources  ?  It  appears 
to  have  been  fairly  frequently  used  during 
the  latter  part  of  the  last  century.  Besant 
and  Rice  use  it  in  '  Ready-money  Mortiboy , ' 
1872  (vol.  ii.  chap,  v.),  and  R.  L.  Stevenson 
used  it  in  one  of  his  letters  a  few  years  later. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

"  FRANCKINSENCE.  "  (See  12  S.  vii.  503). 
— Does  the  entry  "for  pfumes  and  Franck- 
insence,  xiiiid,"  given  by  MR.  ARTHUR 
WINN,  in  his  '  Extracts  from  the  Aldeburgh 
Records  '  point  to  a  post-reformation  use 
of  incense  ?  WILFRED  J.  CHAMBERS. 

Clancarty,  Regent  Road,  Lowestoft. 

THE  GREEN  MAN,  ASHBOURNE. — I  should 
like  to  know  when  this  well-known  inn  with 
its  famous  signboard,  hanging  across  the 
street,  was  built.  Boswell  in  September, 
1777,  took  his  post-chaise  from  the  Green 
Man  which  he  describes  as  "a  very  good 
inn  at  Ashbourne,"  and  adds  that  the  land- 
lady, one  M.  Killingley,  presented  him 
"  with  an  engraving  of  the  sign  of  her  house, 
to  which  she  had  subjoined  an  address." 


It  is  now  the  principal  inn  of  the  town,  but 
according  to  Bagster's  edition  of  'The 
Complete  Angler,'  published  in  1815,  the 
Talbot  (see  12  S.  vii.  350,  438,  515)  "till 
about  sixty  years  since  was  the  first  inn  at 
Ashbourn."  G.  F.  R.  B. 

CARLYLE'S  'FRENCH  REVOLUTION.' — Car- 
lyle  in  his  '  French  Revolution  '  stated  that 
Billaud  and  Collot  in  1795  were  "shipped 
for  Sinamarri  and  the  hot  mud  of  Surinam." 

Is  there  not  a  geographical  error  here  in. 
confusing  Dutch  Guiana  with  the  French 
penal  colony  ?  THOMAS  FLINT. 

SPENCER  MACKAY,  ARMIGER. — Jacobus 
Alexander?]  Gordon  dedicates  his  thesis 
"  Tentamen  medicum  inaugurale  de  arsenico" 
(Edinburgh  1814)  to  his  maternal  uncle 
("avunculus  "),  Spencer  Mackay,  armiger, 
London — "tibi  omnia  post  Deum  debeo. " 
I  believe  Gordon  is  identical  with  Meredith's 
friend  Dr.  James  Alexander  Gordon  (1793- 
1872),  father  of  James  Edward  Henry 
Gordon  (1852-93),  -the  electrician.  Who  was 
Spencer  Mackay?  The  'D.N.B.'  gets  no 
nearer  the  origin  of  James  Alexander  Gordon 
than  the  statement  that  he  was  born  in 
Middlesex.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

THE  GLOMERY. — Sir  John  Cheke  (tutor  to 
King  Edward  VI.)  is  mentioned  as  being  the 
last  Master  of  the  Glomery  in  Cambridge 
University. 

Perhaps  some  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  may 
be  able  to  define  his  function  ?  R.  B. 

Upton. 

[The  *  N.E.D.' explains  " glomery  "  as  "ad.  med. 
L.  glomeria,  prob.  ad.  AF.  *  f/lomerie  =  gramarie, 
GRAMMAR,'*  instances  the  Cambridge  Magister 
Glome.riae,  and  quotes  Mullinger,  '  University  ot 
Cambridge,'  i.  140:  "It  was  customary  in  the 
earliest  times  to  delegate  to  a  non -academic  func- 
tionary the  instruction  of  youth  in  the  elements  of 
the  [Latin  J  language.  Such,  if  we  accept  the  best 
supported  conjecture,  was  the  function  of  the 
Magister  Glomeriae."  A  pupil  at  a  Cambridge 
grammar-school  seems  to  have  been  called  a 
glomerel."] 

"DAVID  LYALL,"  PSEUDONYM. — I  have 
seen  this  pseudonym  recently  in  a  catalogue 
as  being  used  by  Annie  S.  Swan,  afterwards 
Mrs.  Burnett  Smith.  The  British  Museum 
Catalogue,  however,  records  it  as  used  by 
the  late  Miss  Helen  B.  Mathers  (Mrs.  Reeves). 
3an  it  be  definitely  stated  to  which  of  these 
adies  may  be  attributed  the  novels  written, 
under  this  pen-name  ? 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  s,  1921. 


EARLY  ASCENTS  OF  MONT  BLANC  BY 
ENGLISH  TRAVELLERS. — The  fourth  ascent 
of  Mont  Blanc  was  made  in  1788  by  a  young 
Englishman  named  Woodley  accompanied 
by  the  celebrated  guides  Jacques  Balmat 
and  Cachat  le  Geant,  and  two  others.  He 
is  described  by  the  Genevese  Alpine  traveller, 
Marc-Theodore  Bourrit,  who  accompanied 
him  during  part  of  the  ascent,  as  "  fils  du 
gouverneur  de  1'Amerique  Anglo  ise."  Can 
any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q. '  throw  any  light  on 
his  identity  ? 

I  should  also  be  particularly  glad  to  know 
something  about  the  following  Englishmen 
the  dates  of  whose  ascents. of  Mont  Blanc 
I  give  in  parenthesis  : — 

1.  Capt.  John  Undrell  (1819).     According 
to  the   '  Royal  Kalendar  '  for  1818  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  commander  in  the 
R.N.  in  1815. 

2.  Frederick  Clissold  (1822). 

3.  H.  H.  Jackson  (1823). 

4.  Capt.  Markham  Sherwill  (1825). 

6.  Dr.  Edmund  Clark  (1825). 

7.  Alfred  Waddington  (1836). 

8.  Mr.    Nicholson,    a    London    barrister 
(1843). 

9.  W.  Bosworth  (1843). 

10.  Dr.  Archibald  Vincent  Smith  (1847). 

11.  J.  D.  Gardner  (1850). 

All  of  the  foregoing  except  numbers  7,  9, 
and  10  published  narratives  of  their  expedi- 
tions, but  as  far  as  I  am  aware  nothing  else 
is  known  about  their  lives. 

HENRY  F.  MONTAGNIER, 

Member  of  the  Alpine  Club. 
Champe>y. 

KENSINGTON  GRAVEL  AT  VERSAILLES. — 
An  old  issue  of  The  Quarterly  Review  is  an 
authority  for  the  statement  that  the  garden 
walks  at  the  Palace  of  Versailles  were  laid 
out  with  gravel  from  Kensington,  which  was 
of  European  repute.  When  and  by  whom 
was  this  transaction  carried  out  ?  By  what 
method  was  the  transportation  of  the  gravel 
from  Kensington  to  Versailles  effected,  and 
what  was  the  total  quantity  of  material  so 
transferred  ?  Where  were  the  Kensington 
gravel  pits  situated  ? 

J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

WEST  COUNTRY  PLACE-NAMES  IN  THE 
SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. — I  have  just  been 
examining  Ricraft's  'Survey  of  England's 
Champions,'  the  date  of  which  on  the  first 
title-page  is  1647  and  on  the  second  1649. 
I  am  puzzled  at  the  forms  taken  by  some 
Devon  and  Cornwall  names  of  places  and 
should  be  glad  of  information  about  them. 


Budex,  Beaudeux  and  Beaudeaux  are, 
I  suppose,  forms  of  the  modern  St.  Budeaux. 
The  first  evidently  recalls  the  local  nine- 
teenth-century pronunciation  of  "Buddix." 
What  however  is  the  place  referred  to  as 
Pouldram  House  and  what  is  the  mociern 
name  of  "Tadcaster  in  Cornwall,"  taken 
along  with  "Foy  "  ?  W.  S.  B.  H. 

COATS  OF  ARMS  :  IDENTIFICATION  SOUGHT. 
— Can  any  reader  of  *N.  &  Q.'  help  me  to 
identify  the  bearers  of  two  coats  of  arms 
painted  on  the  portraits  of  a  man  and  his 
wife,  dated  1558  ? 

His  coat  is  Sable,  on  a  chevron  between 
three  butterflies  argent,  an  escutcheon  of 
the  field,  charged  with  a  fieur-de-lys. 

His  wife's  escutcheon  shows  two  coats 
impaled :  the  first  as  above ;  the  second 
Gules,  a  fesse  wavy  arg.  between  an  escallop- 
shell  of  the  last  in  chief,  and  a  crown  or 
in  base. 

Some  member  of  the  Papillon  family 
would  seem  to  be  indicated,  but  I  have  been 
quite  unable  to  trace  the  lady's  family, 
which  was  evidently  foreign. 

R.  T.   GUNTHER. 

Magdalen  College,  Oxford. 

'  MELIORA.  ' — When  a  boy  I  often  used  to 
see  copies  of  a  magazine  with  this  title. 
When  did  it  originate  and  when  did  it  die  ? 
Who  were  its  editors  and  contributors. 

1.  F. 

[In  The  Times  'Handlist  of  English  and  Welsh 
Newspapers'  Meliora  is  referred  to  the  year  J858 
and  described  as  "  A  quarterly  review  of  social 
science  in  its  ethical,  economical,  political  and 
ameliorative  repects."  Apparently  it  came  to  an 
end  in  L869.] 

STEVENSON  AND  Miss  YONGE. — Which  of 
Miss  Yonge's  novels  is  alluded  to  by  R.  L. 
Stevenson  in  his  essay,  '  A  Gossip  on  a  Novel 
of  Dumas 's  '  ?  In  it  he  writes  that  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Dumas 's  'Le  Vicomte 
de  Bragelonne  '  in  1863,  and  that  he  saluted 
the  name  of  d'Artagnan  like  an  old  friend, 
having  "  met  it  the  year  before  in  a  work  of 
Miss  Yonge's."  The  question  is  which  ? 
EDWARD  LATHAM. 

61  Friends  Road,  Croydon. 
"PRINCIPAL."— In  the  official  list  of  'His 
Majesty's  Ministers  and  Heads  of  Public 
Departments,  Revised  October,  1920,'  this 
word  appears  to  be  used  in  a  novel  sense :  it 
would  be  a  convenience  to  have  that  sense 
defined.  The  members  of  the  "Cabinet 
Secretariat  "  have  the  titles  :  Secretary, 
Principal,  Assistant  Secretary,  Assistant 
Secretaries  (three  names),  Principals  (two 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  s,  i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


names),  Assistant  Principal  (Private  Secre- 
tary to  the  Secretary),  Confidential  and 
Chief  Clerk,  Assistant  Chief  Clerk. 

While  the  Committee  of  Imperial  Defence 
is  provided  with :  Secretary,  Principal 
Assistant  Secretary,  Assistant  Secretaries 
(three  names),  Principal,  Confidential  and 
'Chief  Clerk,  Assistant  Chief  Clerk. 

The  noun  Principal  does  not  seem  to  occur 
•elsewhere  in  the  list.  Q.  V. 

THACKERAY  :  '  THE  NEWCOMES.  ' — In 
vol.  i.,  chap,  ix.,  of  'The  Newcomes,' 
Thackeray  speaks  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Houeyman's  "luxurious  sofa  from  Oxford, 
presented  to  him  by  young  Gibber  Wright 
of  Christ  church. "  In  later  editions,  in  place 
of  "young  Cibber  Wright,"  we  find  "young 
Downy."  I  shall  be  obliged  to  any  one 
who  will  explain  why  Thackeray  made  this 
change  of  name. 

CHABLES  E.  STBATTON. 
Boston,  Mass. 

BARLOW  FAMILY. — At  9  S.  viii.  144,  I 
asked  for  particulars  of  the  Rev.  F.  Barlow, 
described  as  "Vicar  of  Burton"  on  the 
title-page  of  his  '  Complete  English  Peerage, ' 
1772,  &c.,  but  nothing  definite  was  elicited. 
At  12  S.  i.  469  is  mention  of  a  Descendants' 
Dinner  of  the  Barlow  family,  held  in  London 
in  December  1906,  and  it  may  now  be  possible 
to  renew  the  former  query  with  better 
ohance  of  success.  My  principal  object  is  to 
identify  the  "  Burton  "  of  which  the  Rev.  F. 
Barlow  was  vicar  at  the  period  indicated. 

W.  B.  H. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  SIR  ROBERT  SALE. — It 
is  said  that  in  a  despatch  from  him,  sent 
from  Jellalabad,  concealed  in  a  quill,  a 
small  paper  was  enfolded  on  which  was 
written  "iodine."  When  this  was  applied 
to  the  invisible  writing,  written  with  rice 
water,  the  letter  became  visible. 

What  is  the  authority  for  this  statement  ? 

G.  H.  J. 

CHATTERTON'S  APPRENTICESHIP  TO  LAM- 
BERT.— Sir  Sidney  Lee's  account  of  Chatter- 
Ion  (published  in  1906)  contains  the  follow- 
ing statement : — 

"  He  lived  at  his  master's  house,  was  harshly 
used  and  greatly  overworked." 

The  italics  are  mine.)  All  previous  bio- 
graphers of  Chatterton  agree  that  he  had 
much  leisure  time,  and  was  thus  able  during 
office  hours  to  carry  on  his  own  literary 
work.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  on 
"what  grounds  Sir  Sidney  Lee  charges 


Lambert  with  having  overworked  Chatterton. 
This  charge  has  not  been  brought  before 
against  Lambert  even  by  the  most  ardent 
defenders  of  Chatterton. 

G.  W.  WRIGHT. 

'  FRANKENSTEIN.  ' — I  should  be  glad  to  be 
informed  of  the  earliest  recorded  instance 
of  the  confusion  between  the  protagonists  in 
Mrs.  Shelley's  story  'Frankenstein, '  in» general 
literature  or  journalism.  In  journalism  at 
least  three  instances  have  occurred  in  the 
past  few  months  of  references  to  the  creation, 
of  a  "Frankenstein,"  meaning  of  course  the 
monster  which  Frankenstein  brought  into 
existence. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  there 
is  any  satisfactory  explanation  of  the 
extraordinary  prevalence  of  this  curious 
error,  which  constitutes  a  problem  with  few 
parallels  in  literature.  H.  J.  AYLIFFE. 

2  New  Steine,  Brighton. 


JUplus* 

A  NOTE  ON  SAMUEL  PEPYS'S  DIARY. 

(12  S.  vii.  507.) 

I  AM  particularly  interested  in  SIR  CHARLES 
TOMES 's  note,  as  I  have  for  some  time  past 
been  endeavouring  to  trace  the  exact 
relationship  of  Nan  Pepys  of  Worcester 
with  the  Diarist,  in  connexion  with  my 
forthcoming  book  on  Pepys  and  his  family. 

The  only  information  I  have  been  able  to 
obtain  in  relation  to  any  Anne  Pepys  of 
Worcester  is  the  following  : — 

In  Water's  'Genealogist's  Gleanings,' 
there  is  a  reference  to  the  will,  dated  Apr.  5, 
1658,  and  proved  on  Oct.  2  following,  of 
John  Danvers  of  Upton,  in  the  parish  of 
Ratley,  Warwickshire,  Esq.,  whereby  he 
bequeathed  a  legacy  of  100/.  to  Anne  Pepes, 
wife  of  John  Pepes  of  Littleton  in  the  co. 
of  Worcester. 

I  searched  at  Somerset  House  for  the  will 
of  John  Pepes  of  Worcester,  but  found  none. 
In  the  Administration  Book  now  at  Somerset 
House,  however,  I  found  that  on  May  31, 
1660,  Letters  of  Administration  to  the 
estate  of  Anne  Pepys  alias  Peakes,  late  of 
Littleton,  Worcester,  were  granted  by  the 
Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  to  her 
husband  John  Pepys  alias  Peakes.  This 
proves  that  this  Anne  died  intestate  and 
not  leaving  a  will  as  Dr.  Wheatley  con- 
jectured. 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  s,  1921. 


I  am  inclined  to  think  that  John  Pepys 
alias  Peakes,  married  a  Pepys  and  that  he 
afterwards  changed  his  surname  to  his 
wife's  maiden  name  of  Pepys. 

Who  "my  cozen  Nan  Pepys,  of  Wor- 
cester," referred  to  in  the  'Diary,'  under 
dates,  Feb.  15,  1659/60,  July  10,  1660,  and 
June  12  and  15,  1662,  and  Nov.  3, 1667,  was, 
I  cannot  say,  but  probably,  as  Dr.  Wheatley 
remarked,  she  was  a  daughter  of  the  above 
named  persons. 

The  Nan  Pepys  referred  to  in  the  *  Diary, ' 
married  first  Mr.  Hall  and  secondly,  Mr. 
Fisher,  and  though  it  would  seem  strange 
that  the  Diarist  should  continue  to  call 
her  "Pepys,"  I  shall  show  in  my  book  that 
in  another  instance,  he  continued  to  call  one 
of  his  relations  by  the  name  of  her  first 
husband  long  after  his  death  and  her  re- 
marriage. 

The  most  comprehensive  pedigree  extant 
is  that  by  the  Hon.  W.  C.  Pepys  in  his 
*  Genealogy  of  the  Pepys  Family  '  (pub- 
lished in  1887)  in  seven  sections.  I  hope  to 
include  a  corrected  and  annotated  genealogy 
of  the  diarist's  ancestors  and  contemporaries 
in  my  work. 

W.  H.  WHITEAB,  F.R.Hist.S. 


PAMPHLET  ON  KENSINGTON  SQUARE  (12  S. 
vii.  509).— The  pamphlet  your  corre- 
spondent inquires  about  is  entitled  : — 

"Notes  on  Kensington  Square  and  its  notable 
inhabitants,  A.D.  1881.  London  :  Wakeham  &  Son, 
Printers,  Church  Street,  Kensington,  W.,  1881,  tor 
private  circulation  only." 

It  contains  19  pp.  and  the  reprint  has  32  pp., 
with  the  same  title  except  that  the  date  is 
"A.D.  1881-1883,"  and  the  imprint  is  1883. 
The  prefatory  note  to  the  reprint  is  signed 
"  J.  J.  M."  The  author  was  Dr.  John  Jones 
Merriman,  long  an  inhabitant  of  the  Square, 
who  died  in  1896.  The  dates  given  by 
Loftie  are,  it  will  be  seen,  incorrect.  Both 
of  the  above  mentioned  editions  are  in  the 
writer's  possession. 

W.  H.  WHITEAR,  F.R.Hist.S. 

EMERSON'S  'ENGLISH  TRAITS'  (12  S. 
v.  234  ;  vi.  228). — The  heroine  of  No.  18  at 
the  earlier  reference,  who  was  as  mild  as  she 
was  game,  and  as  game  as  she  was  mild,  is 
Esther  Summerson.  This  praise  was  drawn 
from  Inspector  Bucket  by  her  conduct 
during  their  journey  in  pursuit  of  Lady 
Dedlock.  See  the  fifty-ninth  chapter  in  the 
one  volume  edition  of  '  Bleak  House. ' 

9.  (At  the  second  reference.)  "  A  tent  of 
caterpillars."  One  of  the  meanings  of  the 


substantive  "tent  "  given  by  the  'N.E.D. *" 
is  "the  silken  web  of  a  tent-caterpillar," 
and  on  the  next  page  a  tent-caterpillar  is 
defined  as  "  the  gregarious  larva  of  a  North 
American  bombycid  moth,  Clisiocampa,, 
which  spins  a  tent-like  web." 

15.  "  Penshurst  still  shines  for  us,  and  its 
Christmas  revels,  *  where  logs  not  burn,  but 
men.'  "  Emerson's  quotation,  only  "where" 
should  be  "when,"  is  the  conclusion  of  Ben 
Jonson's  'Ode  to  Sir  William  Sidney  on  his 
birth-day,'  the  last  piece  but  one  in  'The 
Forest.'  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"EMINERE"  (12  S.  vii.  427).— This  has 
no  claim  to  be  counted  as  an  English  word. 
It  is  merely  the  Latin  infinitive  constructed 
with  an  English  auxiliary  verb,  and  should 
be  italicised.  At  9  S.  xii.  163,  col.  2,  an 
example  of  this  usage  was  quoted  from 
Burton's  'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,' 
III.  i.  ii.  iii.  "they  shall  matt  audire  in  all 
succeeding  ages."  This  was  illustrated  by 
Bentley's  "But  of  some  incidental  things 
I  do  €7T€Y€<v."  In  III.  i.  iii.  of  Burton's 
treatise  we  have  "The  Decii  did  se  vovere." 
Other  examples  could  be  found  if  it  were 
worth  looking  for  them.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

EARLY  RAILWAY  TRAVELLING  (12  S.  vii. 
461,  511  ;  viii.  13). — I  have  read  with  much 
interest  the  letters  of  your  correspondents. 
In  Mr.  W.  M.  Acworth's  delightful  book 
The  Railways  of  England  '  it  is  pointed  out 
that  though  the  early  English  engineers 
hesitated  to  increase  the  size  of  the  carriages 
they  had  no  scruples  as  to  the  length  of -the 
trains,  and  he  quotes  contemporary  refer- 
ences to  "a  luggage  train  of  80  wagons," 
the  length  of  which  was  nearly  half  a  mile ;  a 
passenger  train  that  carried  2,115  passengers 
and  another  which  consisted  of  110  vehicles 
filled  with  passengers  and  propelled  by  five 
engines  four  in  front  and  one  behind,  the 
length  of  which  extended  to  nearly  one- 
third  of  a  mile.  This  was  in  the  early  'forties. 
Coupe  carriages,  which  must,  I  think,  have 
originated  in  the  diligences  of  France  were- 
not  uncommon  about  twenty-five  years  ago- 
I  recollect  travelling  frequently  in  them  on 
the  main  line  of  the  Great  Southern  and 
Western  Railway  of  Ireland,  and  also  on 
the  London  and  North  Western  Railway. 
I  can  recall  such  a  journey  on  the  last  men- 
ioned  line  as  recently  as  the  year  1898. 
The  carriage  was  a  second-class  one,  but  had 
probably  begun  life  in  the  higher  class. 

Another  survival  from  coaching-days  met 
with  in  early  railway-practice  was  a  long 
stop — twenty  minutes  or  more — at  some- 


128.  VIII.  JAN.  8, 1921.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


33 


important  junction  where  dinner  was  served 
to  hungry  through-travellers.  The  dinner  at 
York  "  in  the  pleasant  refreshment -room 
hung  round  with  engravings,"  is  mentioned 
in  '  Mr.  Verdant  Green  Married  and  Done 
for,'  and  on  the  Irish  line  mentioned  dinner 
used  to  be  served  about  5  p.m.  at  Limerick 
Junction,  where  two  rather  slow  trains 
leaving  Dublin  and  Cork,  at  1  p.m.  and 
2.45  p.m.  met  and  passed  each  other.  Those 
of  your  readers  who  know  this  station,  will 
recall  its  rather  whimsical  design — which 
compels  trains  approaching  from  four 
different  directions  to  run  past  their  plat- 
forms before  they  can  reach  their  proper 
stopping-places,  by  backing  into  them. 

M.  G.  L. 

The  railway  policemen  at  Shrewsbury 
Station  (L.  &N.W.  and  G.W.R.  Joint)  wore 
the  tall  hat  a  very  few  years  ago,  and  may 
do  so  even  now,  but  I  am  not  sure. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

LINES  ON  NEBUCHADNEZZAR  (12  S.  vii.  351, 
437,  439.) — The  authoritative  note  of  the 
Provost  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  at  the 
second  reference,  makes  it  probable  that  the 
poem  about  Nebuchadnezzar  which  was  the 
subject  of  T.  S.  O.'s  inquiry  was  a  bundle  of 
fragments  and  not  one  connected  poem. 
The  story  there  mentioned  that  a  similarity 
of  names  caused  some  unsuccessful  sets  of 
verses,  intended  for  the  Newdigate  competi- 
tion of  1852  on  '  Belshazzar's  Feast,'  to  fall 
into  the  hands  of  an  undergraduate  instead 
of  a  judge  of  the  prize,  may  be  dismissed 
with  a  smile,  and  all  that  can  now  be  done 
is  to  record  such  short  fragments  as  are 
remembered,  out  of  a  considerable  number 
thrown  off  by  some  clever  writer  or  writers 
in  the  summer  term  of  1852. 

As  T.  S.  O.  (how  thin  the  disguise  !)  par- 
ticularly asks  for  definite  references,  perhaps 
I  may  be  allowed  to  add  the  only  printed 
references  which  I  know  to  the  *"poem." 
One  is  an  extract  from  '  A  Son  of  Belial  : 
Autobiographical  Sketches,  by  Nitram 
Tradley  '  (London,  1882,  8vo  :  the  author 
was  Edmund  Martin  Geldart,  resident  at 
Balliol,  1863-8)  :— 

P-  187.  "  1  was  never  favoured  with   a>  sight  of 
one  of  these  productions  [the  English  Poem  on  a 
sacred  subject,  a  triennial  prize  first  competed  for 
in  1851,  and  often  not  printed],  but  a  couplet  was 
quoted  in  my  time  as  taken  from  a  poem  on  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, wherein  of  that  monarch  it  is  told,  that 
what  time  he  ate  grass  like  an  ox- 
He  murmured  as  he  chewed  the  unwonted  food, 
It  may  be  wholesome,  but  it  is  not  good. 


I  think  I  have  now  nearly  exhausted  the  field  of 
theological  pabulum  on  which  the  young  Nebuchad- 
nezzas  of  Bosphorus  [Oxford]  were  put  to  graze  in 
my  day,  nor  do  I  know  that  I  should  be  inclined  to 
pass  upon  it  a  much  more  favourable  verdict  than 
that  of  the  Assyrian  potentate.  Good  it  most  cer- 
tainly was  not,  and,  however  wholesome  in  the 
abstract,  it  did  not  agree  with  me." 

It  will  be  observed  that  Mr.  Geldart  is 
mistaken  about  the  quotation,  being  from  a 
'Poem  on  a  Sacred  Subject,'  which  the 
context  shows  to  have  been  on  the  writer's 
mind ;  whereas  the  '  Newdigate,'  a  non- 
theological  poem,  was  the  real  occasion  of 
the  Nebuchadnezzar  fragments. 

The  second  reference  is  in  the  Oxford 
Undergraduate's  Journal  for  Nov.  20,  1867 
p.  205,  where  the  following  passage  occurs, 
as  from  a  '  Rejected  Poem  for  the  Newdigate 
Prize  '  : — 

While  at  these  words  the  wise  men  stood  appalled 
Some  one  suggested  Daniel  should  be  called. 
Daniel  was  called,  and  just  remarked  in  passing, 
Oh  !  Mene,  Mene,  Tekel  and  Upharsin." 

Perhaps  this  is  all  that  we  shall  ever 
recover  of  the  lines  inquired  for.  FAMA. 

BEAUCLERC  (12  S.  vii.  391,  437).— In  Sep- 
tember last  The  Times  printed  several  letters 
about  the  early  handwriting  of  the  Kings  of 
England.  The  correspondence  was  closed 
by  a  letter  in  the  issue  for  Sept.  25,  in  which 
I  quoted  the  following  decisive  statement 
by  Mr.  W.  J.  Hardy  :— 

"  Prior  to  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  we  have  no- 
evidence  of  any  member  of  the  Royal  Family  being 
able  to  write  his  or  her  name." 

The  mark  was  written  in  in  a  space  left 
by  the  scribe,  who  had  previously  written, 
the  name  to  be  represented  by  the  mark. 
The  first  actual  name  signature  of  a  King  of 
England  is  believed  to  be  that  of  Richard  II» 
in  1386.  FAMA. 

Oxford. 


DENNY,  DE  DEENE  AND  WINDSOR  FAMI- 
LIES (10  S.  xii.  424;  11  S.  ii.  153,  274; 
vi.  418;  12  S.  vii.  247,  358).— One  feels 
great  diffidence  in  venturing  to  dissent  from 
DR.  ROUND.  But  apart  from  any  assump- 
tions connected  with  the  fesse  dancettee 
coat  or  otherwise,  there  would  seem  to  be 
the  indisputable  evidence  of  fact  that  the 
surnames  Denny  and  Dene,  &c.,  did  run. 
nto  one  another  in  the  days  when  ortho- 
graphy was  in  a  very  fluid  state.  The 
following  examples,  from  different  periods,, 
will  show  what  is  meant. 

Robert     "Dany,"    also    called     "Dene" 
and  "Dan  "  (Subsidy  Lists,  Chancery  Pro- 
I  ceedings,  &c.)  succeeded  William   "Dany," 


34 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      Ci2  s.  VIIT.  JAN.  s,  1921 


probably  his  father,  in  the  Manor  of  Horsted 
Parva.  Of  the  same  family  was  Agnes, 
wife  of  John  "Daney,"  also  called  "de 
"Dene  "  and  "  atte  Dene  "  (Subsidy  Lists  and 
Patent  Rolls).  "  Dyn  "  is  another  variation 
in,  the  case  of  this  family,  in  the  same  period, 
aiamely  circa  1300  to  1430. 

John  "Danney,"  K.B.,  1306,  also 
described  as  "Deane,"  "Dean,"  "Denie," 
.and  "Dene." 

In  the  Inq.  p.m.  of  Robert  Dynne  of 
Heydon,  Norfolk,  1499,  one  of  his  trustees 
;is  called  sometimes  William  "Deen,"  and 
sometimes  "Denne."  This  may  have  been 
the  father  of  Baron  Sir  Edmond  Denny 
(called  "Deene"  in  a  document  of  1500), 
.And  identical  with  William  "Denny," 
"Denne"  or  "Dene,"  of  London,  a  legal 
personage  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

The  surname  of  Henry,  Archbishop  of 
-Canterbury,  1501-3,  appears  as  "Deen," 
"Dene,"  "Deane,"  "Deany,"  "Deney  " 
,-and  "  Denny. "  Similar  variations  occur  in 
^the  case  of  the  surname  of  Sir  John  Deane 
-of  Great  Maplestead,  who  died  in  1625. 

The  conclusion  which  I  have  drawn  from 
such  evidence  as  the  above  is  supported  by 
the  very  considerable  authority  of  Mr. 
Walter  Rye,  who  wrote  as  follows  in  an 
.article  on  'Old  Norfolk  Families,'  some 
years  ago  : — 

"  There  were  men  of  the  name  of  Denny  in  the 

-county  e.g in '1499,   and  in  forms  of  Dene  and 

Deney  it  occurs  in  Norwich  much  earlier  still." 

During  many  years  of  research  I  have 
never  come  across  any  evidence  that  there 
was  ever  a  family  connected  with  Denny, 
<;Cambs,  which  took  its  surname  from  that 
place.  Even  if  such  evidence  were  forth- 
coming, it  would  not  necessarily  prove  that 
-every  family  named  Denny  derived  its  sur- 
name from  that  or  any  other  place. 

H.  L.  L.  D. 

HORSELEPERD  (12  S.  v.  320).' — My  query 
v,as  to  the  meaning  of  this  word  has  now  been 
answered  by  the  Earl  of  Kerry  in  a  letter 
which  appeared  in  The  Wiltshire  Gazette 
(Devizes)  for  Sept.  30,  1920.  This  letter, 
^the  last  of  a  number  on  the  same  subject 
most  of  which  appeared  in  The  Gazette  during 
^the  early  part  of  1920,  is  quoted  and  sum- 
marized in  The  Wiltshire  Magazine,  the 
organ  of  the  Wiltshire  Archaeological  Society, 
-vol.  xli.  (December,  1920),  pp.  212,  213. 

O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD, 
Hon.  Sec.,  Congress  of  Archaeological 
Societies. 


ST.  LEONARD'S  "PRIORY,"  HANTS  (12  S. 
vii.  90). — What  authority  is  there  for  calling 
this  a  Priory  ?  I  know  of  no  references  to 
it  as  such,  and  from  the  existing  remains  it 
would  appear  to  have  been  merely  a  large 
farm  belonging  to  the  monks  of  Beaulieu 
Abbey  to  which  it  belonged. 

O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD. 

LONDON  POSTMARKS  (12  S.  vii.  290,  355  ; 
viii.  18). — The  late  John  G.  Hendy's  '  Post- 
marks of  the  British  Isles  1840  to  1876  ^ 
was  issued  as  a  serial  supplement  to  '  Gibbons' 
Stamp  Weekly  '  some  12  or  more  years  ago, 
and  was  afterwards  published  in  volume 
form  by  Stanley  Gibbons,  Ltd.,  391  Strand, 
W.C.2,  with  842  illustrations,  price  in  paper 
3s.  and  in  cloth  4s.  GEO.  HARDWICK. 
8  Hallswelle  Road,  N.W.ll. 

NOTES  ON  THE  EARLY  DE  REDVERS 
(12  S.  vii.  445;  viii.  15). — Richard^  de 
Redvers  was  not  son  of  Baldwin  "  de 
Brionne."  I  do  not  know  who  his  father 
was.  Baldwin  the  Sheriff,  de  Excestre,  was 
father  of  three  sons,  the  youngest  of  them, 
Richard  fl.  Baldwini,  dying  without  issue 
on  June.  25,  1137.  No/ did  the  family  of 
de  Redvers  hold  the  barony  of  Okehampton, 
which  Baldwin  the  Sheriff  held  in  1086,  his 
son  and  heir,  William,  in  1090,  the  latter's 
brother  and  heir,  Richard,  in  1129.  In 
1166,  Matilda  d'Avranches,  heir  of  Baldwin 
the  Sheriff,  and  wife  of  Robert,  the  younger 
natural  son  of  Henry  I,  was  tenant  of  it. 
See  V.  C.  H.  Devon,  I,  555  and  seq. 

L.  GRIFFITH. 

REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8). — A 
very  valuable  section  of  York  Minster 
Library  consists  of  Yorkshire  books,  MSS. 
prints,*  &c.,  collected  and  left  to  it,  by  Mr. 
Edward  Kailstone,  F.S.A.  of  Walton  Hall 
near  Walsfield.  To  this  treasure,  something 
like  a  thousand  kindred  works  have  been 
added  either  by  gift  or  purchase.  There 
are  some  pleasant  paragraphs  about  Mr. 
Kailstone  in  Chancellor  Raine's  preface  to 
'A  Catalogue  of  the  Printed  Books  in  the 
Library  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  York.' 

I  should  imagine  that  almost  every 
county  has  a  store  such  as  that  which  Mr. 
ROWE  desiderates  ;  but  every  town  should 
try  to  keep  together  anything  that  throws 
a  light  on  its  own  history.  The  "  shire  of 
broad  acres  "  has  not  done  badly,  as  your 
correspondent  shows  and,  inasmuch  as  he 
did  not  mention  the  Kailstone  garnering,  it 


12S.VHLJAN.8,  1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


is  not  unlikely  that  there  may  be  more 
•caches,  than  he  is  aware  of  even  in  Yorkshire, 
for  the  benefit  of  posterity — to  say  nothing 
of  hoards  elsewhere.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Surely  it  is  now  a  matter  of  general 
knowledge  that  every  Public  Library  makes 
a  special  feature  of  collecting  the  literature 
of  its  own  district  and  also  that  those  in 
County  and  the  larger  towns  possess  (as  in 
that  under  my  care)  very  large  local  libraries. 
Apart  from  this,  the  information  has  already 
foeen  printed  in  the  '  Libraries,  Museums, 
and  Art  Galleries  Year-Book  '  for  1914  and 
the  Literary  Year-Book  '  for  1913,  and  if 
these  are  not  accessible,  a  card  to  any 
Librarian  always  secures  full  information  as 
±o  the  extent  of  his  own  collection. 

The  question  of  recording  private  collec- 
tions is  another  matter,  and  I  doubt  if  it 
'would  be  welcomed  generally.  My  own 
experience  suggests  that  most  correspon- 
dents are  not  interested  so  much  in  local 
history  and  topography  as  in  genealogy,  and 
too  frequently  they  ask  for  searches  to  be 
made  for  references  to  their  forbears  which 
private  owners  would  hardly  undertake, 
and  in  my  opinion  should  not  be  expected  of 
custodians  of  public  collections.  I  have 
found  that  the  suggestion  of  a  fee  to  be 
contributed  towards  the  funds  of  the  library 
in  return  for  such  services  ends  the  corres- 
pondence. PUBLIC  LIBRARIAN. 

BATEMAN  BROWN.  ( See  under  "  The  Her- 
mit of  Hertfordshire  "  12  S.  vii.  466,  .516).— 
MR.  PRESCOTT  Row  may  be  interested  to 
have  a  few  particluars  I  can  give  him  of 
Bateman  Brown,  whose  book  he  now 
-possesses. 

Bateman  Brown,  J.P.,  was  born  at  the 
village  of  Houghton,  Hunts,  Apr.  9,  1823, 
the  year  of  a  great  flood  there.  In  1896  he 
•"bought  Bridge  House,  Huntingdon,  and  died 
"lere  May  9,  1909,  aged  86,  and  was  buried 
it  Houghton.  His  wife,  Mrs.  Susannah 
Brown  died  at  Bridge  House  May  7,  1913, 
aged  88,  and  was  also  buried  at  Houghton. 
'Reminiscences  of  Bateman  Brown,  J.P.,' 
was  published  at  Peterborough,  1905. 

Bateman  Brown  was  the  son  of  Potto  -and 
Mary  Brown.  Potto  Brown  was  born  at 
•Houghton,  July  16,  1797,  and  died  Apr.  12, 
1871.  A  biography  was  published  by  Mr. 
Albert  Goodman  called  '  Potto  Brown  :  the 
Village  Philanthropist,'  1878.  I  can  remem- 
ber them  all  very  well. 

HERBERT  E.  NORTHS. 
Cirencester. 


KILDALTON  CROSS,  ISLAY  (12  S.  vii.,  511). 
— The  richly  ornamented  cross  and  other 
sculptured  stones  at  the  ancient  church  of 
Kildalton  (not  Kidalton  as  written  in 
J.  C.  M.  F's.  query)  are  fully  described  and 
illustrated  in  Stuarts  '  Sculptured  Stones 
of  Scotland,'  vol.  11,  p.  36:  Proceedings  of 
the  Society  of  Scottish  Antiquaries,  vol.  xvii, 
p.  277  ;  R.  C.  Graham's  '  Carved  Stones 
of  Islay,'  p.  83,  with  plates  xxiv.  and 
xxv.,  and  Romilly  Aken's  'Early  Christian 
Monuments  of  Scotland,'  pt.  iii.,  p.  392. 
In  the  National  Scottish  Museum  of  Anti- 
quities, Edinburgh,  there  is  a  plaster  cast 
of  tho  cross,  presented  by  Mrs.  Ramsey  of 
Kildalton,  standing  9  feet  high. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

Monreith. 

"HuN  "  (12  S.  vii.  330,  375,  438,  492).— 
'The  Rowers,'  by  Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling, 
mentioned  by  MR.  LEFFMANN  at  the  last 
reference  was  published  in  The  Times  of 
Dec.  22,  1902  (see  12  S.  iv.  25,  s.v.,  Germans 
as  "Huns").  The  poem  has  been  re- 
published  in  'Rudyard  Kipling's  Verse,' 
1919,  vol.  ii.  p.  57,  where  it  is  dated  1902. 
"  (When  Germany  proposed  that  England 
should  help  her  in  a  naval  demonstration  to 
collect  debts  from  Venezuela)." 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

THE  BRITISH  IN  CORSICA  (12  S.  viii.  10). — 
A  reference  to  Fortescue's  'History  of  the 
British  Army  '  would  probably  give  the 
information  required.  In  the  occupation  of 
1794  Sir  David  Dundas  had  the  command, 
and  the  18th  Foot  (Royal  Irish)  was  at 
least  one  of  the  regiments  engaged.  In  the 
affair  of  1814  the  Pembroke,  and  possibly 
'  L'Aigle  '  also  took  part ;  there  was  a 
Brigade  of  Infantry  engaged  as  well.  The 
French  hoisted  the  Bourbon  flag  on  the 
approach  of  the  English  and  a  treaty  was 
effected  under  which  the  French  were  placed 
under  the  protection  of  the  English  and  the 
forts  of  Ajaccio,  Calvi  and  Bonifacio  were 
surrendered. 

Should  Mr.  Lewis  wish  for  a  more  detailed 
account  of  the  1814  affair,  I  shall  be  glad  to 
let  him  have  a  copy  of  some  private  papers 
I  have.  F.  M.  M. 

Rochester. 

A  FEW  WARWICKSHIRE  FOLK  SAYINGS 
(12  S.  vii.  507). — Some  of  these  sayings 
are  not  confined  to  Warwickshire.  My 
Tiother,  a  Leicestershire  woman  (born 
near  Melton  Mowbray),  would  often  speak 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  S.YIII.  JAN.  8,1021. 


of  an  idle  shiftless  person  as  "  a  poor  come 
day,  go  day,  God  send  Sundajr  creature." 
The  saying  about  apples  not  causing  belly- 
ache after  St.  Swithin  has  christened  them 
I  have  often  heard  in  South  Notts,  where, 
too,  the  snail  rime,  with  slight  variation 
I  fancy,  was  familiar.  We  used,  too,  to  stir 
the  cream  in  the  churn  with  a  hot  poker  to 
make  the  butter  come,  but  I  do  not  remember 
any  mention  of  witchcraft  in  connexion  with 
this.  I  have  known  salt  to  be  thrown  into 
the  fire  "to  keep  the  witch  out  of  the 
churn  "  in  Lincolnshire.  C.  C.  B. 

The  proper  reading  of  this  first  saying  is, 
"The  silent  sow  sucks  the  most  wash." 
All  sows  may  be  reckoned  sly,  but  the  moral 
is  that  people  who  chatter  the  least,  but 
best  attend  to  the  business  in  hand,  are 
those  who  make  the  most  out  of  life. 

SURREY. 

'POOR  UNCLE  NED'  (12  S.  vi.  287; 
\ii.  373,  438,  514). — Probably  there  are 
many  variants  of  this  song,  and  most  of 
them  arise  from  trusting  to  memory  of 
words  never  seen  in  print.  I,  for  example, 
did  not  remember,  when  I  last  wrote,  to  have 
had  the  song  before  me  ;  but  I  now  find  it 
in  'The  Scottish  Students'  Song  Book, 
compiled  in  1897,  one  of  the  editors  of  which 
was  "  J.  Malcolm  Bulloch,  M.A.,  Aberdeen," 
now  well  known  to  readers  of  'N.  &  Q. 
In  this,  the  first  verse  is  thus  given  : — 

There  was  an  old  nigger  and  his  name  was  Uncle 

Ned, 

But  he's  dead  long  ago,  long  ago ; 
He  had  no  wool  on  the  top  of  his  head 
In  the  place  where  the  wool  ought  to  grow. 
Den  lay  down  de  shubble  an'  de  hoe, 
Hang  up  de  fiddle  and  de  bow, 
Dere's  no  more  hard  work  for  poor  old  Ned, 
He's  gone  where  the  good  niggers  go. 
But  what  is  wanted  to  settle  the  words 
is  a  copy  of  them  as  they  appeared  in  print 
in,  the  earliest  sixties,  when  they  were  first 
sung  in  this  country,  as  all  versions  fron 
memory  so  markedly  differ. 

ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

My  recollection  of  this  song  is  that  th< 
first  verse  ran  thus  : — 

There  once  was  a  nigger  and  his  name  was  UncL 

Ned, 

But  he's  gone  dead  long  ago  ; 
He  had  no  wool  on  the  top  of  his  head, 

In  the  place  where  the  wool  ought  to  grow. 
[Chonu.'] 

Hang  up  the  shovel  and  the  hoe-o-o-o, 
Take  down  the  fiddle  and  the  bow  ; 
For  there's  no  more  work  for  poor  Uncle  Ned 
For  he's  gone  where  the  good  niggers  go. 


Probably  all  the  "  thes  "  should  be  written - 
'  de. ")  I  know  the  tune  quite  well,  and 
:ould  write  out  the  air — but  you  wx>uld  not 
vant  to  print  it. 

One  thing  that  has  made  this  old  song 
tick  in  my  memory  is  a  version  in  "  Daily 
Telegraphese  "    which    my    father    used    to 
quote.     I  believe  this  is  it — literally  : — 

1 1  once  had  an  avuncular  relative  whose  name 
was  Edward,  but  he  has  long  since  departed  for 
that  bourne  whence  no  member  of  the  community 
coloured  or  otherwise,  has  ever  been  known  to 
return.  He  had  no  capillary  substance  on  the 
summit  of  his  pericranium,  in  that  place  where  the 
capillary  substance  is  wont  to  vegetate. 

"  Hang  up  the  mechanical  instruments,  agricul- 
tural or  otherwise ;  take  down  the  musical  instru- 
ments, stringed  or  otherwise.  For  there's  no  more 
nanual  labour  for  my  avuncular  relative  Edward, 
inasmuch  as  he  has  departed  for  that  bourne- 
whence  no  member  of  the  community,  coloured  or. 
otherwise,  has  ever  been  known  to  return." 

J.  C. 

VOUCHER = RAILWAY  TICKET  (12  S~ 
vii.  510). — The  earlier  form  of  railway  pass- 
was  a  voucher  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  it 
was  printed  on  paper  with  a  counterpart- 
The  destination  and  amount  of  fare  was 
added  in.  ink  and  a  duplicate  of  the  trans- 
action recorded  on  the  counterpart.  These- 
were  in  use  at  least  until  1845,  and  possibly 
from  the  commencing  date  of  railroad, 
transport.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS.. 

In  the  beginning  the  permit  to  travel  by- 
train  was  conferred  with  more  circumstance 
than  at  present,  and,  although  I  do  not 
remember  the  receipt  for  a  fare  being  called 
a  voucher,  the  term  does  not  seem  out  of 
character  before  the  introduction  of  card- 
board tickets.  At  least  on  the  line  between 
Leicester  and  Swannington,  metal  tokens, 
octagonal  in  shape,  were  used.  Each  was 
numbered,  and  the  number  corresponded 
with  that  of  the  passenger,  as  entered  in  a. 
way-bill  which  was  kept  by  the  guard  of  the 
train.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

THOMAS  FARMER  BAILEY  (12  S.  vii.  410). 
— There  are  at  least  five  varieties  of  book- 
plates with  the  name  Farmer  Baily  thereon, 
(not  Bailey).  They  are  as  follows : — 

1.  Farmer  Baily  (crest). 

2.  Farmer     Baily,      Hall      Place,      Kent 
(armorial). 

3.  Thomas    Farmer    Baily,    Hall     Placer 
Tonbridge  (crest). 

4.  T.  Farmer  Baily,  Hall  Place  (armorial 
shield  (Baily  impaling  Addison)  in  a  beadecl 
oval,  in  red). 


i2s.vm.jA^s,i92i.j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


5.  T.  Farmer  Baily,  Sunnyside,  Ryde, 
I.W.  (armorial  shield  in  a  beaded  oval  sur- 
mounted by  a  foreign  coronet,  in  red). 

Perhaps  the  additional  fact  that  Baily 
apparently  also  lived  in  the  Isle  of  Wight 
may  be  of  assistance  to  MR.  CLEMENTS. 

Farmer  Baily  purchased  the  estate  of 
Hall  Place  in  the  parish  of  Leigh,  Kent  in 
1 82 1,  and  died  in  Oct.  1 828.  His  only  son  and 
heir  (by  Amelia  Perkins  his  wife  who  married 
secondly,  Sept.  2,  1832  Wm.  Smith  of 
.Sydenham)  was  Thos.  Farmer  Bailey  of 
Hall  Place.  He  was  bom  Sept.  24,  1823, 
and  married  on  Feb.  21,  1863  Gertrude  Sarah, 
daughter  of  James  Addison,  and  grand- 
daughter of  the  Rev.  James  Addison,  vicar 
of  Thornton-cum-Allerthorpe,  Yorks.  He 
was  a  J.P.,  D.L.,  High  Sheriff  1866  and 
Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Leigh  Hollanden. 

CHAS  HALL  CROUCH. 

BOTTLE-SLIDER,  COASTER  (12  S.  vii.  471, 
516). — If  ST.  S  WITHIN  had  gone  to  the 
" mammoth  mother,"  he  might  have  found 
*'  coaster  "  fully  explained,  with  quotations 
for  c.  1887  and  1888.  We  have  a  pair  that 
date  from  the  time  of  William  IV.  or  earlier. 
They  appear  to  be  papier  mache,  varnished 
black,  with  grapes  and  vine  leaves  gilt 
thereon.  J.  T.  F. 

NOLA  (12  S.  vii.  502).— See  Glossary  to 
Durham  Account  Rolls  under  "Knoll," 
and  p.  601,  "ad  campanam  vocatam  le 
knoll  "  (1397-8).  The  particular  bell  at 
Ripon  described  as  "  le  knoll,"  also  as  "le 
blank  knoll,"  required  timber  and  car- 
penters' work,  doubtless  for  the  bell-frame, 
in  1379-80.  See  'Memorials  of  Ripon' 
(Surtees  Soc.)  iii.  99.  The  term  nola  appears 
to  have  been  applied  also  to  a  clapper,  as  at 
Winchester  in  1572-80.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

LADY  CATHERINE  PAULET  :  SIR  HENRY 
BERKELEY  (12  S.  vii.  511). — As  MR.  FOSTER 
does  not  tell  us  the  approximate  dates  of  the 
miniatures  to  which  he  refers,  it  is  impossible 
to  answer  his  queries. 

Lady  Catherine  Paulet,  dau.  of  William, 
third  Marquess  of  Winchester,  married  Sir 
Giles  Wroughton,  Kt.  Lady  Catherine 
Paulet,  second  dau.  of  Harry,  fourth  Duke 
of  Bolton,  married  first  William  Ashe,  and 
secondly,  1734,  Adam  Drummond  of  Meg- 
ginch,  and  died  in  1775.  Lady  Catherine 
Margaret  Paulet,  second  dau.  of  Harry 
sixth  Duke  of  Bolton,  married  Sept.  17, 
1787,  William  Henry,  Earl  of  Darlington, 


afterwards    Duke    of    Cleveland,    and    died 
June  17,  1807.     See  Burke 's  'Peerage.' 

Sir  Henry  Berkeley,  of  Brew  ton,  was 
knighted  in  1585,  and  was  Sheriff  of  Somer- 
set in  1587.  He 

'  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  William  Leggon, 
of  Staffordshire,  esq.,  by  whom  he  had  three  sons, 
viz..  Sir  Maurice,  Sir  Henry  (from  whom  descended 
the  Berkeleys  of  Yarlington,  which  branch  is  now 
extinct),  and  Sir  Edward  Berkeley."  See  Collin- 
son's  '  Somerset,'  I.  xxxvii. ;  iii.  280-1. 

This  second  Sir  Henry  married  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Henry  Nevill  of  Billingbear,  Berk- 
shire. HARMATOPEGOS. 

PEACOCKS'  FEATHERS  (12  S.  vi.  334  ; 
vii.  137,  277,  477).— In  Baron  von  Haxt- 
hausen's  'Transcaucasia,'  trans.  J.  E. 
Taylor,  London,  1854,  pp.  260-61,  the 
Yezidis  are  spoken  of  thus  : — 

"  Of  the  Holy  Spirit  they  know  nothing  ;  they 
designate  Christ  as  the  Son  of  God,  but  do  not 
recognise  his  divinity.  They  believe  that  Satan 
(Speitan)  was  the  first-created,  greatest,  arid  most 
exalted  of  the  arch-angeli ;  that  the  world  was  made 
by  him  at  God's  command,  and  that  to  him  was  en- 
trusted its  government;  but  that,  for  esteeming  him- 
self equal  with  God,  he  was  banished  trom  the  Divine 
presence.  Nevertheless  he  will  be  again  received 
into  favour  and  his  kingdom  (this  world)  restored 

to  him,  they  suffer  no  one  to  speak  ill  of  Satan 

On  a  certain  day  they  offer  to  Satan  thirty  sheep  ; 
at  Easter  they  sacrifice  to  Christ,  but  only  a  Dingle 

sheep Satan     is    called     Melik     Taous    (King 

Peacock)." 

Has  not  this  heretical  association  of  Satan 
and  peacock  been  the  cause  of  some  Eur6- 
peans'  opinions  that  peacocks'  feathers  are 
unlucky  ?  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

THE  ORIGINAL  WAR  OFFICE  (12  S.  .vii. 
310,  354,  416,  435,  452).— Up  to  the  present 
I  have  only  been  able  to  trace  back  the 
quotation  given  me  by  Professor  Andrews 
to  1721  ;  but  hope  for  further  success. 

As  his  book  ( '  Guide  to  the  Materials  for 
American  History  to  1783,  in  the  Public 
Record  Office  of*  Great  Britain  1914  ')  is 
not  very  accessible  to  some  of  your  readers, 
I  may  perhaps  quote  (from  vol.  ii,  274)  : — 

"  The  office  of  the  Secretary  at  War  must  have 
been  at  first  in  or  near  the  chambers  of  the  Duke 
of  Albemarle  at  the  Cockpit.  Lock  is  mentioned 
as  having  an  office  at  the  Guards  House  in  1676, 
and  probably  Blathwayt  used  Little  Wallingford 
House  for  the  same  purpose.  Clarke  dated  his 
letters  from  the  Horse  Guards  in  1697.  We  learn 
that  for  a  time  the  War  Office  was  located  on  the 
south  side  of  Pall  Mall,  in  the  old  Ordnance  Office, 
built  for  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  when  captain- 
general.  For  the  greater  part  of  the  early 
eighteenth  century,  however,  the  Secretary  at 
War,  the  deputy  secretary  and  clerks  the 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  s,  1021, 


Paymaster- General  of  the  forces  and  the  Com- 
missary-General of  the  Musters  bad  their  quarters 
in  a  building  on  the  east  side  of  the  street  leading 
from  Charing  Cross  to  Westminster,  about  where 
the  War  Office  is  to-day.  This  building  had  a 
frontage  on  the  street  of  55  feet,  but  was  only 
46  feet  wide  at  the  rear,  while  the  dimensions  up 
one  flight  of  stairs  were  only  31  feet  before  and 
behind.  In  1751  the  present  building  of  the 
Horse  Guards  was  begun  and  [it  was]  completed 
in  1756,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Guards  House,  the 
yard,  and  the  stables,  and  thither  the  War  Office 
was  removed  in  the  latter  year." 

The  office  of  Secretary  at  War  was 
abolished  by  Stat.  26  and  27  Viet.  c.  12,  to 
which  the  royal  assent  was  signified  on  May  4, 
1863.  Q.  V. 

HERALDIC  (12  S.  vii  490). — I  wish  your 
correspondent  had  cited  an  instance  or  some 
•instances  of  the  occurrence  of  the  blazon 
which  is  the  cause  of  his  query.  I  imagine 
it  to  be  due  to  the  canting  device,  the  inter- 
laced knot  of .  the  Lacy  family,  or  to  the 
double  B  twist  of  the  Bourchiers. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

WOOL-GATHERING  (12  S.  vii.  510). — In 
the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century 
when  people  were  careful  of  everything, 
and  not  ashamed  of  small  economies,  poor 
women  would  go  wool-gathering,  that  is,  they 
would  glean  from  hedgerows,  &c.,  flakes  or 
locks  which  the  thorns  had  torn  from  the 
fleeces  of  sheep  that  had  approached  too 
r*ear  to  pass  untolled.  When  I  was  in  the 
nursery  a  faithful  shepherdess  suggested 
that  her  charges  might  pursue  this  occupa- 
tion in  our  own  paddock ;  but  the  prospect 
of  "  great  cry  and  little  wool  "  was  not  found 
particularly  alluring.  When  sheep  were 
washed  there  must  have  been  pickings  for 
pious  standers-by  and  when  the  shearing 
came  coarse  dag-locks  would  be  a  precious 
perquisite  if  the  farmer  did  not  keep  them 
for  himself.  When  at  times  "one's  wits  go 
a-wool-gathering, "  as  they  are  supposed  to 
do,  it  is  imagined  that  they  stray  about  to 
small  profit  as  did  the  women  who  sought 
stuffing  for  cushions  in  the  hedges. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

FRENCH  PRISONERS  OF  WAR  IN  ENGLAND 
(12  S.  vii.  469,  517). — An  interesting  volume 
could  be  written  entitled  '  Sons  of  French 
Prisoners  of  War  in  England  who  Became 
Famous.'  One  of  the  most  conspicuous  is 
Henry  Litolff,  the  composer-pianist,  born  in 
London  in  1818.  He  was  the  son  of  a 
French-Alsatian  soldier  taken  prisoner  in 
the  Peninsular  War,  who  became  a  violinist 


in  a  London  theatre,  and  married  an  English- 
woman. Henry  made  his  first  appearance^ 
as  an  "English  boy  pianist,  aged  12,"  at 
Covent  Garden  Theatre  in  1832.  When  in 
his  17th  year  he  married  an  English  girl  a* 
little  older  than  himself.  In  1851  he  settled 
in  Brunswick,  became  a  naturalized  Germaa 
(citizen  of  the  Duchy),  married  the  widow  of 
a  German  musical  publisher,  and  gave  his 
name  to  the  still  flourishing  firm  of  Litolff 
(London  agent,  Enoch,  Great  Maryborough 
Street).  Three  years  before  the  Franco- 
German  War,  Henry  Litolff  settled  in  Paris y 
married  his  third  wife,  the  Comtesse  de 
Larochefoucauld,  and  died  a  Frenchman  at 
Bois  le  Combes  (near  Paris)  in  August,  1891.. 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 
36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

TERCENTENARY  HANDLIST  OF  NEWS- 
PAPERS (12  S.  vii.  480). — A  preliminary 
search  in  the  Index  of  Titles  to  '  Section  IL 
The  Provincial  Press  '  shows  that  the 
Addenda  for  one  county  will  amount  to 
about  150,  almost  entirely  belonging  to  the 
nineteenth  century.  The  compiler's  plarv 
of  admitting  school  magazines  to  his  list, 
while  excluding  parish  magazines,  has  been, 
borne  in  mind.  M. 

[We  are  prepared  to  print  any  Addenda  to  the 
Handlist  which  our  correspondents  may  care  to 
send  us  in  the  last  number  for  each  month.  They 
should  reach  us  not  later  than  one  week  before  the 
date  of  issue.] 

THE  HERMIT  OF  HERTFORDSHIRE  (12  S. 
vii.  466,  516). — My  mother  remembers  that, 
when  staying  with  cousins  at  Hitchin,  in 
1858,  she  was  taken  to  see  Lucas  as  one  of 
the  local  attractions  ;  and  that,  being  at  that 
time  an  adherent  of  "Pussyfoot,"  she 
managed  to  evade  drinking  from  a  somewhat 
dirty  bottle  with  which  the  hermit  welcomed 
his  visitors.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"  Now,  THEN —  !  "  (12  S.  vii.  512  ;  viii.  17). 
— Your  correspondent  MR.  JOHN  B.  WAINE- 
WRIGHT  makes  the  inquiry  whether  the 
German  Nun  as  an  interjection  is  not  used 
in  a  similar  way  to  "Now,  then."  Possibly 
he  has  in  his  mind  the  combination  Nun 
also,  but  the  more  exact  parallel  would 
be  found  in  the  two  words  Nanu.  This 
phrase  has  exactly  the  same  meaning  when 
spoken  to  children  as  the  warning  "Now, 
then,"  or  "  stop -it. "  It  has  a  second  mean- 
ing, being  an  exclamation  of  surprise  Nanu 
or  "What  can  this  be  ?  " — a  startled  inquiry. 
The  first  word  na  is  frequently  used  as  a 
prefix,  thus  Naja,  Nanu,  Naso,  also  as  the 


12  s.  via.  JAN.  s,  i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


expression  of  doubt,  na,  na,  na.  Is  there 
any  connexion  between  this  and  the  nah — 
having  the  same  pronunciation — so  fre- 
quently used  in  the  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire and  referred  to  by  your  correspondent, 
J.  T.  F.?  HENRY  W.  BUSH. 

JOHN  WILSON,  BOOKSELLER,  HIS  CATA- 
LOGUE (12  S.  v.  237,  277,  297  ;  vi.  21).— 
It  may  interest  contributors  at  above 
references  to  know  that  in  The  Bookworm, 
iv.  336  ( 1891),  are  thirteen  lines  commencing  : 
Give  me  a  nook  and  a  book, 

And  let  the  proud  world  spin  round, 
giving  William  Freeland  as  the  author. 

W.  B.  H. 

DANTEIANA,  'Puna.'  v.  130-136  (12  S. 
vi.  226). — Stendhal,  as  quoted  by  MR.  T. 
PERCY  ARMSTRONG  at  this  reference,  pro- 
vides a  charitable,  and  therefore  acceptable, 
version  of  the  story  of  the  unfortunate  Pia 
de'Tolomei.  But  why  did  Dante  place  her 
in  the  'Purgatorio  '  amongst  the  "Neghit- 
tosi  morti  violentemente "  (as  Scartazzini 
terms  those  in  this  canto),  or,  as  Lombardi 
calls  them  "negligent!  che  tardando  il 
pentimento,  sopraggiunti  da  morte  violenta, 
si  pentirono,  e  furono  salvi  "  ?  Of  what  had 
she  to  repent  ?  Not  assuredly  of  Nello's 
mere  suspicions  of  her  infidelity  nor  of  his 
taciturnity.  Clearly  Dante,  in  consigning 
her  to  purgatorial  sufferings  must  have 
shared  the  then  common  belief  in  her  lapse 
from  fidelity  to  her  husband,  and  have  had 
some  knowledge  of  her  repentence  as  of  her 
violent  death.  Lombardi  quotes  Volpi  as 
holding  that  : — 

"Pia,  moglie  di  M.  Nello  della  Pietra,  la  quale, 
come  fu  creduto,  trovata  dal  marito  in  adulterio, 
fu  da  lui  condo^ta  in  Maremma  e  quivi  uccisa," 

but  Lombardi 's  '  Nuovo  Editore  '  adds  : — 

"ill  Postill.  del  Cod.  Caet.  con  mplta  da  grazia 
la  storia,  che  sembra  la  piu  genuina  di  questa 
donna,  in  tal  guisa  '•  '  Ista  fuit  la  Pia  nobilis 
Domina  de  Tholomeis  de  Senis,  et  uxpr  Domini 
Nelli  de  Petra  de  Panoteschis  in  Maritima,  quse 
cum  staret  ad  fenestram  per  aestatem,  maritusejus 
misit  unum  famulum,  qui  csepit  earn  per  crura,  et 
projecit  deorsum,  propter  suspectum,  quern  halm  it 
ae  ipsa,  et  ex  hoc  ortum  est  magnum  odium  inter 
illas  domos.' " 

Seeing  that  opinions  differ  so  widely  as 
to  the  guilt  or  innocence  of  Pia  (Landini, 
L'Ottimo  and  Commente,  Volpi,  and  Buti 
for  the  former,  with  the  Anonimo  Fiorentino, 
Benvenuti,  &c.,  for  the  latter  view),  and  in 
doubt  as  to  Dante's  bias,  I  am  constrained  to 
hold  that,  to  quote  Mr.  H.  F.  Tozer's  words, 
as  "  of  the  manner  of  her  death  nothing  is 


certainly  known,"  neither  is  there  of  th& 
motive  for  that  death.  Yet  one  wonders 
why  Nello  did  not  find  a  corner  to  himself 
in  'Inf.'  xii.  amongst  the  "violenti  contra 
ilprossimo."  Dante's  retributive  justice  is 
oftentimes  curiously  unbalanced. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

HOOK:  OXENBRIDGE  :  MORTON  (12  S.- 
viii.  10). — If  the  Morton  referred  to  is  the 
son  of  Robert  Morton  and  an  ejected  minister 
afterwards  an  M.D.  there  is  a  portrait  of  him 
in  a  full  bottom  wig  and  a  gown  of  the 
R.C.P.  engraved  in  line  by  WT.  Elder  after 
B.  Orchard  D.  A.  H.  MOSES. 


0tt 


The  Place-  Names  of  Northumberland  and  Durham^ 

By     Allen      Mawer.     (Cambridge      University 

Press,  IL  net.) 

THIS  volume  is  worthy  of  its  place  in  the  Cam- 
bridge Archaeological  and  Ethnological  Series.  It 
carries  forward  a  tradition  of  study  now  welL 
established,  and  the  author  claims  to  have 
developed  this  tradition  in  one  or  two  respects  on 
new  and  fruitful  lines.  In  the  first  place  he 
virtually  confines  himself  to  names  for  which  we 
have  documentary  evidence  dating  before  1500, 
making  a  clear  distinction  between  documented 
and  undocumented  names.  Next,  he  lays  great 
stress  on  the  importance  of  topographical  condi- 
tions and  has  rejected  explanations  which  do  not 
harmonize  with  those  conditions,  even  if  ety- 
mologically  satisfactory.  This  principle  is  un- 
doubtedly sound.  We  are  glad,  too,  to  note  hia 
interest  in  sixteenth,  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
century  spellings,  with  their  suggestion  of  pecu- 
liarities in  local  pronunciation. 

The  great  mass  of  names  in  Northumberland 
and  Durham  are  of  Anglian  origin,  and  Mr. 
Mawer  notes  that  no  special  frequency  of  Celtic 
names  is  to  be  observed  on  the  north-western  or 
western  border  whence  the  survival  of  a  Celtic 
population  in  tke  hill-country  might  be  deduced. 
He  observes,  however,  with  justice  that  names- 
readily  assigned  to  English  and  plausibly  ex- 
plained may,  after  all,  be  etymological  perver- 
sions of  Celtic  forms  —  instancing  the  old  English 
forms  for  York  and  Salisbury  which  could  (and 
assuredly  would)  have  been  explained  quite 
wrongly  but  for  the  Roman  version  of  the 
original  Celtic  having  been  preserved.  Several 
examples  occur  in  which  folk-etymology  may 
well  be  suspected  —  almost  detected  —  as  Hexham, 
Gateshead  and  Auckland  —  which  are  well  dis- 
cussed here. 

The  interesting  question  of  the  interpretation 
of  -ing-  names  is  dealt  with  in  a  good  note,  wherein 
Mr.  Mawer  accepts  Prof.  Moorman's  dictum  that 
the  ordinary  O.E.  -ing-n&me  (as  distinct  from 
-inga-  and  inges--nam.es)  is  simply  a  compound  of  a- 
genitive,  -ing-  being  the  possessive  element 
therein.  This  is  certainly  the  only  view  that 
covers  all  the  facts  and  Mr.  Mawer  is  able  to 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  s,  1921. 


"  bring  forward  among  others  a  new  and  clinching 
example  where  an  -ing-  form  is  equated  with  a 
possessive.  Birch  has  a  seventh-century  charter 
dealing  with  a  grant  of  land  at  Wieghelmestun, 
and  this  name  appears  in  an  endorsement  of  the 
-tenth  or  early  eleventh  century  as  nunc  wigel- 
mignctun  [sic]. 

The  Alphabet  of  names  is  preceded  by  a  full 
"bibliography  and  followed  by  a  useful  alphabet  of 
the  elements  used  as  the  second  part  of  place- 
names  ;  one  of  personal  names  used  as  the  first 
part ;  a  scheme  of  phonology  and  an  appendix  on 
change  of  suffixes. 

The  Story  of  '  Our  Mutual  Friend.'  Transcribed 
into  Phonetic  Notation  from  the  Work  of 
Charles  Dickens.  By  C.  M.  Eice.  (Cambridge, 
Heffer,  5s.  net.) 

IN  his  '  Notes  on  Pronunciation  '  the  transcriber 
tells  us  that  "the  pronunciation  employed  is 
generally  that  of  an  educated  Southern  English- 
man." However,  according  to  the  notation 
employed,  the  word  "  all  "  is  to  be  pronounced 
-"  orj  » — and  that  at  once  raises  difficulties,  for 
-we  are  prepared  to  deny  that  the  "  educated 
Southern  Englishman  "  does  so  pronounce  "  all." 
Again  in  the  phrase  "  all  that  is  to  be  told  "  the 
same  symbol  represents  the  vowel  sounds  in 
"  that "  and  "  to."  Only  a  very  poor  and 
slovenly  speech  would  make  them  so  ;  and  the 
same  may  be  said  about  a  speech  which  renders 
"  er  "  at  "the  end  of  a  word  by  exactly  the  same 
sound  as  the  vowel  in  "  the." 

The  principle  upon  which  this  phonetic  nota- 
tion works  seems  to  be  that  of  noting  any  vowel 
as  sounded  at  its  weakest. 

The  slight  nuance  of  its  true  quality  which 
(1)  is  usually  to  be  heard  in  cultivated  speech 
even  when  rapid,  and  (2)  becomes  quite  perceptible 
in  slow  or  emphatic  speech,  is  ignored,  and 
if  this  notation  ever  prevailed  would  be  lost. 
Thus  the  word  "  consolation  "  has  the  neutral 
vowel  symbol  for  the  second  "  o  "  :  but  who  can 
pronounce  the  word  with  even  a  slight  retarding 
and  keep  that  vowel  neutral  ?  The  passage  in 
which  it  occurs  is  an  utterance  of  Mortimer's  at 
the  Veneering's  dinner-party  (he  is  speaking 
"  languidly,"  too)  and  it  may  perhaps  be  argued 
that  the  spelling  is  conversational.  But  spelling 
of  such  over-refinement  drives  one  into  the 
opposite  direction,  making  one  wish  that,  if 
vowels  are  no  longer  etymological,  they  might  be 
eliminated  from  spelling  as  far  as  possible.  At 
any  rate,  if  this  phonetic  method  is  seriously  to 
Tt>e  tried  it  ougnt  to  be  standardized — for  ordinary 
writing — by  the  pronunciation  of  approved  and 
•carefully  chosen  speakers.  It  would  then,  we 
believe,  be  found  best  always  to  note  the  charac- 
teristic sound  of  a  vowel  even  when,  in  rapid 
speech,  it  tends  to  be  slurred  and  nearly  lost — 
as  in  the  example  above.  The  sound  can  be 
weakened  to  suit  the  fashion  ;  but  if  written  as 
merely  neutral  cannot  so  easily  recover  its  true 
quality.  We  confess  ourselves  inclined  to  doubt 
the  value  of  such  transcripts  as  this,  and  even  to 
think  them  undesirable. 

WE  are  informed  by  the  Oxford  University  Press 
that  the  Early  English  Text  Society  has  appointed 
Mr.  Humphrey  Milford  to  be  the  sole  publisher 
for  the  Society  as  from  the  beginning  of  this  year. 


CECIL  DEEDES. 

BY  the  death  of  Prebendary  Cecil  Deedes  wo 
have  lost  one  of  our  most  valued  correspondents. 
Those  whose  studies  have  led  them  to  any  occupa- 
tion with  mediaeval  MSS.  will  need  no  indication 
of  the  greatness  of  the  loss,  for  Prebendary  Deedes 
was  widely  known  as  an  authority  in  that  field. 
Librarian  for  some  time  of  Chichester  Cathedral, 
he  edited  for  the  Sussex  Eecord  Society  the 
Registers  of  Bishop  Praty  and  Bishop  Bede,  and 
for  the  Canterbury  and  York  Society  the  Muni- 
ments of  the  Bishopric  of  Winchester  and  the 
Register  of  John  de  Pontissara,  besides  much 
other  work  of  a  kindred  character.  It  is  no  doubt 
as  a  scholar  and  ecclesiastical  historian  that  his 
name  will  be  best  remembered,  both  by  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.' — who  owe  him  much  curious  infor- 
mation— and  by  the  general  public.  But  his 
activities  were  by  no  means  limited  to  scholar- 
ship. He  had  worked  as  a  priest  at  Oxford 
(curate  of  SS.  Philip  and  James  and  Chaplain* of 
Christ  Church  ;  vicar  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene)  ; 
in  S.  Africa  (organizing  secretary  of  Central 
African  Mission  and  Canon  of  Maritzburg),  and 
in  Essex  (Rector  of  Wickham  St.  Paul's,  Halstead, 
Essex),  before  coming  to  Sussex,  the  county  with 
which  he  is  most  closely  associated.  He  was 
Prebendary  of  Chichester  ("  Hova  Ecclesia," 
1902-3  ;  "  Exceit,"  1903),  and  Rector  of  St. 
Martin  and  St.  Olave  in  that  city,  after  some 
thirteen  years'  work  at  Brighton  as  Curate  of 
Brighton  in  charge  of  St.  Stephens. 

Cecil  Deedes  was  born  in  1843 — son  of  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Deedes,  Rector  of  Bramfield,  Herts — and 
was  unmarried.  He  had  recently  resigned  the 
living  he  held  in  Chichester  and  gone  to  live  at 
Frensham  where  his  death  took  place. 


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is  s.  vin.  JAN.  s,  mi.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES 


GENERAL  INDEX 

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41 


LONDON,  JANUARY  2.5,  19S1. 


CONTENTS.— No.  144. 

NOTES:— Old  Church 'Music  at  Wimborne  Minster,  41— 
Letters  of  1720  from  the  Low  Countries  and  Hanover,  42 
— Among  the  Shakespeare  Archives,  45 — An  English  Ariuy 
List  of  1740,  46— The  Geophone,  47— Poor  Relief  Badge— 
Loretto — Female  Pseudonyms  used  by  Men — Ann  Vane 
—Stories  of  Whistler,  48. 

(QUERIES  :— Countess  Macnarnara — Book  of  Common 
Prayer— Alchemical  M>S.,  49— Education  of  the  First 
Duke  >  Marlborough— St.  Thomas's  Day  Custom— Yew- 
•trees  in  Churchyards— An  Old  Silver  Charm—"  Conty  " 
—Leigh  Hunt  and  Charles  Dickens— The  Legend  of  Dun- 
fraoich— Passage  in  Lr  ckhart'*  '  Life  of  Scott '— Nortons 
in  Ireland,  50— The  Firsr,  Lord  VVestbury— Bishopsgate  : 
Drawings  Wanted— G.  P.  R.  James,  Novelist— Simeon 
and  Drummond  —  Campbell :  Forbes  :  Johnston  : 
Hankey,  51  -  Light  and  Dark  A  Headpiece— Tulchan 
Bishops— Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted,  52. 

REPLIES  :— John  Thornton  of  Coventry  and  the  Great 
Kast  Window  of  York  Minster,  52— Bottle-slider,  53— 
Beverly  Whiting— Christian  Wegersloff— Louis  Napoleon: 
Poetical  Works — Representative  County  Libraries: 
Public  and  Private— John  Hughes  of  Liverpool,  1706— 
Hambley  House,  Streatham,  54— Mode  of  Concluding 
Letters— Orders  and  Ordinances  of  the  Hospitals,  55— 
'  Life  in  Bombay  ' — London  Postmarks — '  The  Western 
3Iiscellany,'  1775  and  1776— English  Views  by  Cftnaletto— 
•Chartularies,  56  —  Kensington  Gravel  at  Versailles— 
•The  Glomery,  57— "  To  Outrun  the  Constable  "—Matthew 
•Paris— The  Old  Horse  Guards  Buildings,  58— The  British 
in  Corsica— Gaspar  Barlaeus— Huddlings— Warwickshire 
Sayings— Gold  Bowl  Gift  of  George  I.— Edward  Dixon, 
59. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— •  Studies  in  Statecraft  :  being 
Chapters,  Biographical  and  Bibliographical,  mainly  on 
the  Sixteenth  Century'—'  The  Antiquaries  Journal.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


OLD  CHURCH  MUSIC  AT  WIMBORNE 
MINSTER. 

IN  The  Times  of  Saturday,  Dec.  11,  appeared. 

.a  notice  of  William  Byrd  in,  connection  with 
the  recent  publication  of  his  works  as 
vols.  xiv.  to  xvi.  of  the  "English  Madrigal 
School  "  ;  and,  in  the  following  Thursday's 
issue,  was  a  report  of  the  "discovery  "  of 
some  of  his  music  in  manuscript  at  Wimborne 
Minster. 

It    was    well    known    that    there    was    a 

-  quantity  of  old  Church  Music  put  away  in 
boxes  which  were  stored  in  the  room  above 
the  vestry,  which  was  formerly  the  Treasury 
of  the  Minster,  but  which,  for  nearly  two 
hundred  and  fifty  years,  has  been  the  apart- 
ment in  which  the  celebrated  Library  of 

•Chained  Books  has  been  kept.  In  all  prob- 
ability these  boxes  had  never  been  opened 


for  sixty  years.  But,  in  the  early  spring  o 
1917,  the  Rev.  Walter  Slater,  Minor  Canon' 
Sacrist,  and  formerly  Precentor  of  Win- 
chester Cathedral,  kindly  went  carefully 
through  the  whole  of  the  music  contained  in 
these  boxes,  and  subsequently  gave  a 
lecture  on  the  subject,  to  the  members  of 
the  Gild  of  St.  Cuthberga. 

But  how  came  this  music  to  be  at  Wim- 
borne ?  The  Minster,  which  stands  on  the 
site  of  an  old  Roman  church,  or  temple,  the 
remains  of  which  still  exist  beneath  the 
floor  of  the  nave,  dates  back  to  the  year  705. 
It  was  first  founded  by  St.  Cuthberga, 
sister  of  Ina,  as  a  Benedictine  nunnery  ;  but 
was  destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  the  early 
part  of  the  eleventh  century  ;  although  the 
slab  which  covered  the  remains  of  Ethelred, 
the  elder  brother  of  Alfred  the  Great,  who, 
as  the  A.  S.  Chronicle  records,  \vas  buried 
there,  still  remains.  The  Minster  was  re- 
founded  as  a  secular  foundation,  with  a 
Dean  and  Canons,  by  Edwrard  the  Confessor. 
It  became  a  Royal  Free  Chapel,  and  so 
continued  until  the  reign  of  Edward  VI., 
when  the  College  was  dissolved.  By  letters 
patent  of  Queen  Elizabeth  it  was  refounded 
in  1563,  and  three  priests  and  three  clerks 
were  to  be  provided  to  perform  Divine  service 
in  the  church,  &c.  From  that  time,  now 
more  than  four  hundred  years  ago  (what- 
ever may  have  been  the  case  previous  to  the 
dissolution  of  the  College  in  1547),  there 
appear  to  have  been  a  surpliced  choir  and  a 
choral  service  at  the  Minster.  The  earliest 
existing  Minute  Book  of  the  Governors 
dates  back  to  1579.  On  Nov.  30  of  that 
year  there  is  a  minute  recording  that  orders 
were  issued  by  the  Governors  to  the  effect 
that  "the  servitors  (i.e.,  'secondaries,'  or 
'  reading-clerks  ')  are  not  to  come  into  the 
choir  without  their  surplices  ;  but  to  go 
into  the  vestry  and  put  them  on  and  to 
come  into  the  choir  together. "  On  the  same 
day  it  was  ordered  that  surplices  were  to  be 
made  for  four  "  querister  boys."  And,  a 
month  later,  it  was  enacted  that  Thomas 
Toogood,  one  of  the  "secondaries,"  should 
have  20s.,  in  addition  to  the  4Z.  which  he 
already  received  as  wages,  for  teaching  the 
chorister  boys  and  "pricking  the  books 
needful  for  the  choir."  By  a  later  charter, 
of  Charles  I.,  1639,  it  was  provided  that  there 
should  be  "four  choristers,  two  singers  and 
one  organist,  in  addition  to  the  three  priests 
and  three  clerks,  whom  they  were  to  assist 
in  the  services  of  the  church."  Although 
there  had  been  choristers  before,  they  were 
now  placed  legally  on  the  foundation.  . 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vin.  JAN.  15, 1921- 


In  the  Churchwardens'  Account  Books 
there  are  records  of  payments  made  in 
1494-5  for  repairs  to  the  organ  in  the  chapel 
of  St.  Mary  and  to  another  organ  in  the  rood- 
loft,  and  in  1496  mention  is  made  of  a  pay- 
ment to  "Richard  Gilbert,  keeper  of  the 
organs."  From  that  time  onwards  there 
are  constant  records  of  payments  for  repairs, 
for  organ  blowing,  and  to  the  organ  players. 

Enough  has  been  said  to  show  why  it  is 
not  to  be  wondered  at  that  some  old  Church 
music  should  be  found  at  Wimborne.  The 
collection  contains  an  Organ  Book  in  which 
are  some  Toccatas,  or  Voluntaries,  by 
Girolamo  Fescobaldi  (born  1601),  and  two 
other  organ  pieces,  viz.,  a  'Verse  for  ye 
Double  Organ  '  (apparently  a  two  manual 
instrument),  by  Mr.  Richard  Portman 
(b.  about  1610,  a  pupil  of  Gibbons,  and 
Organist  of  Westminster  Abbey  in  1633)  ; 
and  a  '  Verse  for  ye  Single  Organ '  (or  one- 
manual  instrument),  by  Dr.  Orlando  Gibbons 
(b.  1583,  and  also  Organist  of  Westminster 
Abbey).  The  Organ  Book  contains,  too, 
many  services  and  anthems  by  composers, 
some  number  of  whom  lived  before  the  Civil 
War,  when  so  much  of  the  Church  Music  was 
destroyed.  The  Minster  possesses  what 
appears  to  be  an  unique  setting  of  the 
Benedicite  by  Richard  Farrant.  It  seems 
to  have  no  connexion  with  the  Alto  part  of  a 
Benedicite,  for  men's  voices  by  R.  Farrant, 
which  is  in  the  British  Museum,  nor  with  his 
organ  part  which  is  in  the  Library  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford.  There  are  half-a-dozen 
anthems  by  Michael  Wise,  who  was  Organist 
at  Salisbury  Cathedral,  1668-87  ;  in  par- 
ticular two  very  beautiful  ones,  'Prepare 
ye  the  way  of  the  Lord,'  and  'The  ways  of 
Sion  do  mourn.'  There  is  also  one  for 
Christmas,  '  Behold  I  bring  you  good 
tidings,'  which  seems  not  to  be  extant  else- 
where. It  is  not  given  in  Myles  Foster's 
book,  nor  is  it  in  the  British  Museum  Cata- 
logue of  MSS.  sacred  vocal  music.  This 
Minster  Book  has  six  lined  staves,  and  on 
the  cover  is  the  date  1670. 

One  of  the  MSS.  books,  written  in  score* 
contains  the  Creed,  Sanctus,  and  Gloria  in 
Excelsis,  by  Ebdon  in  C.  It  is  remarkable 
because  it  omits  the  Kyrie,  and  because  it 
seems  to  be  the  indication  of  Choral  Cele- 
bration of  the  Holy  Communion  between 
the  Restoration  and  modern  times.  It 
contains,  also,  in  addition  to  known  anthems, 
one  by  John  Goldwin,  1670-1719,  'Come  ye 
children,  hearken  unto  me,'  which  is  not  in 
any  other  library. 


The  Organ  Books,  numbered  5,  6,  7r 
contain,  in  addition  to  services  which  are 
printed  and  easily  accessible,  works  by 
former  organists  of  the  church,  e.g.,  George 
Day,  1695-1713;  John  Fyler,  1713-43,  and 
George  Combes,  1743-56.  The  latter  was 
afterwards  Organist  of  Bristol  CathedraL 
An  anthem  of  Day's,  'Haste  Thee,  O  Lord,' 
seems  to  have  escaped  the  notice  of  Mr. 
Myles  Foster,  in  his  '  Anthem  and  Anthem 
Composers. ' 

There  are  also  some  interesting  books 
containing  the  separate  voice  parts  in 
different  volumes,  including  Weelkes's 
(b.  1758),  'Verse  Evening  Service  in 
G  minor.'  He  was  Organist  of  Winchester 
College,  and  afterwards  of  Chichester  Cathe- 
dral. 

Amongst  other  composers,  whose  works 
are  in  the  Minster  collection,  are  Thomas 
John  Mudd  (b.  1580,  Organist  of  Peter- 
borough Cathedral),  Thomas  Carter  (b.  1735), 
Samuel  Howard,  and  Hawkins. 

The  Minster  MSS.  ought  to  be  useful  for 
collating  with  other  MSS.,  e.g.,  The  Nicene- 
Creed  by  Tallis,  in  one  of  the  part-books  at 
Wimborne,  shows  variations  from  his  Creed 
in  Boyce's  (printed)  Cathedral  Musie- 
(Warren's  Edition). 

Enough  has  been  said  to  show  the  interest 
of  the  old  church  music  at  Wimborne 
Minster,  and  why  it  is  to  be  found  there. 
I  must  add  that  I  am  indebted  for  what 
I  have  written  about  the  music  itself  to  the 
notes  which  were  given  to  me  by  the  Rev. 
Walter  Slater,  after  his  inspection  referred 
to  above.  JAS.  M.  J.  FLETCHER. 


LETTERS    OF    1720    FROM    THE    LOW 
COUNTRIES  AND  HANOVER. 

THE  four  letters  which  follow  (recently 
acquired  from  Mr.  P.  M.  Barnard  of  Tun- 
bridge  Wells)  were  written  during  a  lengthy 
tour  of  the  Low  Countries  and  Germany 
(lasting  from  1720  to  1723)  by  one  Robert 
Whatley  to  a  recipient  whose  name  does  not 
indeed  "appear  in  the  text  of  any  of  them ; 
but  who  is  evidently  Sir  Peter  King,  later 
Lord  Chancellor  and  at  this  time  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas.  This  attribu- 
tion is  arrived  at  primarily  by  reason  of  the 
fact  that  the  cover  of  letter  II  has  been 
preserved  and  is  addressed  in  Whatley 's 
hand  to  King,  while  the  four  letters  obviously 
form  a  series.  If  further  proof  wer& 
needed,  we  might  observe  that  the  writer  is- 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  is,  1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


known  to  have  been  a  protege  of  the  Chan- 
cellor, uriaer  whose  auspices  he  was  admitted 
to  the  inner  Temple  (cj.  his  '  A  Short  History 
of  a  Ten  \ears  Negotiation....,'  173 /, 
p.  1),  ana  by  \vhose  favour  he  was  called  to 
the  bar  in  i7l4  (op.  tit.,  ibiaem).  Further 
evidence  on  this  point  will  be  found  in 
lying's  letter  to  Newcastle  of  Apr.  3,  1724, 
recommending  "Whatley  for  employment 
(Lriush  Museum,  Additional  MSb.  b2,6S7, 
tolio  11*),  and  to  the  relation  between  patron 
ana  client  the  whole  tenor  of  these  letters 
bears  witness.  The  attention  devoted  by 
What  ley  to  ecclesiastical  matters  and,  above 
all,  the  long  aiscussion  on  the  differences 
between  Koman  Catholicism  and  Protes- 
tantism that  occupies  part  of  the  third  letter 
point  the  same  way,  fcr  King  had  already 
come  forward  as  a  theologian  and,  pace 
Lord  tercival  in  17bO,  was  known  to  spend 
his  leisure  •  hours  in  divinity,  in  which 
science  he  was  "very  learned"  ('Diary  of 
\iscount  Percival,'  Historical  MSS.  Com- 
mission, 1920,  vol.  i.,  p.  112),  while,  finally, 
two  short  endorsements,  "  June  28.  1720. 
M1  Whatley  "  and  "  M1  Whatley  July.  22. 
1720  ",  on  the  first  and  on  the  cover  of  the 
second  letter  respectively,  are  in  a  hand 
that  is  almost  certainly  identical  with  other 
recorded  specimens  of  King's  writing. 

Whatley 's  subsequent  career  was  undis- 
tinguished. Taking  Holy  Orders,  he  was 
presented  in  1729  by  the  Crown  to  the 
Kectory  of  Toft  in  Lincolnshire,  Just 
previously  to  which  he  had  been  made  Pre- 
bendary of  Bilton  in  York.  In  1750  he 
exchanged  this  latter  stall  for  the  more 
lucrative  one  of  Fridaythorpe  in  the  same 
Cathedral,  in  the  enjoyment  of  which  post 
he  died  in  June,  1767.  The  middle  years  of 
his  life  were  embittered  by  a  claim  for  pro- 
motion to  be  effected  by  Walpole,  as  the  result 
of  an  alleged  promise  to  King,  and  this 
accounts  for  five  of  the  several  publications 
(panphlets  and  sermons)  with  which  he  is 
credited  in  the  catalogues  of  Bodley  and  of 
the  British  Museum. 

The  letters  show  us  a  normal  itinerary 
of  the  tourist  of  those  days  who  was  visiting 
Belgium — a  country  which  Whatley  seems 
to  have  found  a  pleasant  contrast  with 
ungenial,  Protestant  Holland — and  reminds 
us  that  the  passion  of  "  doing  "  the  battle- 
fields is  no  new  thing,  while  forgotten 
Huy  and  the  half-forgotten  brother  of 
George  I.  also  pass  before  our  eyesj  It  is 
perhaps  also  not  unworthy  of  note  that  the 
writer  visits  the  towns  of  French  Flanders 
without  so  much  as  troubling  to  mention 


the  fact  that  he  had  crossed  from  one  State- 
into  another.  To  this  day  they  are  not 
greatly  dissimilar  from  those  of  Belgiumr 
while  at  the  time  in  question  they  had  been 
French  for  less  than  two  generations.  Nor,- 
in  the  last  place,  is  it  likely  that  many 
accounts  of  the  Jubilee  of  1720  exist. 

1. 

Kotterdam,  June.  28.  O.S.  1720. 
MY  LORD, 

Before  this  Letter  will  come  to  your  Lordships 
hand  You  will  undoubtedly  have  heard  of  the 
Beturn  of  the  Yatchts*  ;  and  as  You  have  not  seen 
Me  to  return  You  my  Thanks  for  their  bringing 
Me  over  You  may  very  well  conclude  that^I  am 
still  on  this  side  of  the  Water.  I  found  it  im- 
possible to  satisfye  my  appetite  for  seing  these 
Countrys,  during  the  Interval  of  the  Yatchts 
Stay.  Besides  having  once  passd  the  Rubicon,, 
I  cou'd  on  no,  account  entertain  Thoughts  of 
retreating  before  I  had  advanc'd  further.  Brabant, 
&  Flandres,  those  Scenes  of  the  greatest  Actions 
for  some  of  the  last  Centuries,  lye  too  near 
Me,  not  to  eftectualy  excite  my  Curiosity  to 
visit  them  before  I  can  think  of  returning.  And 
the  impatient  Desire  I  have  for  forreign  Conver- 
sation, and  to  see  something  more  of  the  Manners 
of  the  Germans,  will  make  Me  spend  the  Residue 
of  my  Time  at  Hanover.  So  Your  Lordship  may 
see  that  I  have  cut  my  self  out  work  enough 
for  this  Summer.  I  depend  on  it  that  I  shall 
Spend  it  very  much  to  my  Satisfaction  and  I  hope 
to  my  Improvement. 

The  obliging  Reception  my  Friend  has  given 
Me  Here,  has  engaged  Me  to  make  this  City  my 
principal  Abode  till  this  Evening  When  I  intend 
for  Antwerp  in  order  for  Brussels.  Tho'  I  have 
not  advanc'd  so  far  as  y°  Hague,  unless  it  was 
with  my  Eyes  last  Sunday  from  Delft  Steeple, 
yet  I  have  not  confin'd  my  Self  altogether  within 
these  Walls.  One  Day  I  have  spent  at  Dort ; 
another  at  Scheidam  and  the  parts  adjacent  ; 
and  two  more  at  at  [stc]  the  Brille  and  Hel- 
voetslys,  from  whence  I  pass'd  over  the  Maes  to 
Maesland  Sluys,t  and  so  round  to  Rotterdam 
by  Delft.  The  Inclination  I  have  of  seing  the 
Country  in  all  its  Lights,  induc'd  Me  to  make 
this  Tour,  out  of  the  way  of  the  great  Towns. 
I  thought  indeed  to  have  gone  as  this  Day  to  ye 
Hague  for  a  week  and  to  Amsterdam  for  another 
&  so  to  have  return'd  by  Naerden,t  Utrecht  & 
Tergou§  to  this  Place.  But  I  find  I  must  give 
Brussels  the  preference  and  pay  Brabant  & 
Flanders  the  first  Visit.  This  has  been  occa- 
sion'd  by  their  Celebrating  in  this  latter  City 
a  famous  Jubilee  ||  which  is  to  commence  next 
Sunday.  This  being  celebrated  once  in  50  years, 
has  occasion'd  my  going  thither  at  this  Time. 
What  it  is  or  on  what  account  it  is  celebrated 
I  know  not ;  but  as  I  am  inform'd  it  will  be  very 
curious,  and  as  I  understood  the  greatest  Pre- 
parations are  making,  to  celebrate  it  with  the 
utmost  magnificence,  I  thought  it  proper  to  be 


*  The  King"  with  all  the  Yachts"  had  reached 
Helvcetsluys on  the  16th  ("London  Gazette, "No. 
5860,  p.  2)  and  Whatley  had  been  allowed  to  travel 
with  the  cortege. 

t  Maasluys.        J  Naarden.        §  Gouda. 

II   Of  the  Sacrement  de  Miracle  of  1370. 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  VIII.-JA.V.  15, 1921. 


present  thereat.  Whatever  it  is  I  hope  I  shal 
prove  my  Self  no  incurious  observer.  When  ] 
have  in  some  measure  satisfyed  my  Curiosity  in 
that  Country,  I  shall  return  to  Holland,  to  do  the 
-same,  in  order  to  proceed  •  on  my  Journey  to 
Hanover.  Here  Your  Lordship  may  perhaps  be 
for  asking  Me,  with  respect  to  ye  Court  there  what 
Mr  Feilding  did  with  respect  to  my  desiring  to 
-go  aboard  my  Lady  Dutchesses  Yatcht,  Whether 
I  have  any  Views  of  being  troublesome  to  any 
Body  there,  on  account  of  my  own  Interest?  to 
which  I  can  safely  say,  No.  I  shall  go  thither 
to  spend  the  residue  of  y°  Summer  Season,  as 
I  wou'd  to  Bath,  or  Tunbridge,  meerly  for  my  own 
Entertainment ;  which  from  ye  Company  that 
will  be  there  may  not  be  ye  least  improving. 
What  extraordinary  Expence  I  shall  be  at,  will 
I  don't  doubt  be  abundantly  made  up  in  the 
pleasure  and  Advantage,  I  shall  reap  from  my 
'Travells.  I  am  pretty  sure  of  meeting  one  good 
friend  there,  &  that  is  Dr  Stagendahl  the  Kings 
Physician  ;  who  came  over  aboard  our  Yatcht, 
with  whom  I  had  a  great  deal  of  Conversation  ; 
&  who  shew'd  Me  particular  Civilityes  ;  And 
told  Me  that  what  ever  Services  he  could  do  Me 
at  Hanover,  should  I  come  so  far,  he  wou'd  very 
Teadily  perform.  This  I  shall  extend  to  no 
particular  Favours  from  the  King,  but  onely  in 
-y*  way  of  Conversation  &  Enjoyment  of  my  Self 
while  There.  I  shall  be  very  glad,  &  I  am  sure 
I  shall  receive  great  Pleasure  from  it,  if  Your 
Lordship  will  honour  Me  with  a  Letter  to  my 
Xiord  Carteret  or  any  other  of  your  Friends  that 
are  there.  The  abovementiond  Lord  will  I 
reckon  be  there  near  about  ye  Time  I  propose  to 
be  there  my  Self.  And  I  shall  count  my  Self 
particularly  happy  in  ye  Honour  of  his  Acquaint- 
ance. 

I  forbear  to  mention  Sr  Rob*.  Corberts  Mis- 
fortune as  supposing  Your  Lordship  has  heard 
it  related  already  in  England.  I  wish  his  Native 
Country  may  restore  the  poor  distempered 
Gentleman  to  Himself.  I  forbear  mentioning  any 
thing  concerning  ye  Office  of  Insurance  &c.  lately 
set  up  in  this  Town,  because  I  have  this  day  seen 
a  just  account  of  it  in  our  English  Papers. 

Before  this  comes  to  your  hand  I  hope  Yr 
Lordshp  will  have  receiv'd  a  small  Present  I  have 
venturd  to  send  You^frqm  hence.  The  Pickle 
Herrings  are  just  now  come  in  ;  &  being  inform'd 
that  on  their  first  Coming  They  are  made  Presents 
of,  to  Persons  of  ye  First  Quality  in  Europe,  This 
Reason  &  my  Liking  them  so  much  my  Self, 
made  Me  willing  to  complement  Yr  Lordship 
with  a  few  Choice  Ones.  They  eat  them,  when 
they  are  skin'd  with  Bread  &  Butter,  &  if  You 
please,  You  may  pick  the  flesh  off  tneir  Bones 
&  mincing  it  small  You  may  mix  it  with  a  3(1  part 
Chalott  &  Cucumbers  with  Oyl  &  Vinegar. 
I  wish  they  may  please  Your  Taste,  <!t  those  who 
You  shall  be  pleasd  to  regale  with  them.  I 
onely  beg  the  favour  of  You  to  pardon  the 
Freedom  in  sending  them.  And  beleive,  that 
I  am  &  ever  will  be,  My  Lord. 
Yr  Lordships  most  obliged,  &  most  obedient 
humble  Servant, 

ROB*.  WHATLEY. 

p.S. — If  Yr  Lordship  shall  you  chafe  [sic]  to 
honour  Me  with  a  Line  from  You,  Be  pleasd 
to  uso  ye  following  Address,  To  Me  at  Mr  George 
Kemble's  Merchant  hi  Rotterdam. 


II. 

Ostend  July.  22.  N.S.   1720. 
MY  LORD, 

I  can't  allow  My  Self  to  come  so  near  Your 
Lordship,  as  I  am  when  at  this  Place,  without 
paying  my  Duty  to   You   by  the   Visit  of   this 
Letter.     I  acquainted  Your  Lordship  in  my  last 
with   the    Reason    of   nay   seing   these   Countrys, 
before   I  had  made  my  Tour  of  Holland  :   and 
indeed  I  have  receiv'd  so  much  satisfaction  from 
the    Magnificence    with    which    this    Jubilee    was 
celebrated  at  Brussels,  that  I  should  never  have 
pardon'd    My    Self,    if    having    an    Opportunity, 
I  had  neglected  to   gratify  my  Curiosity  on   so 
curious  an  Occasion.     The  new  Scenes  I  have  met 
with  since   I   came   into   these   Roman -Catholick 
Countrys  has   given   Me   incredible   Delight,   and 
tho'    there    was    an    extraordinary    Magnificence 
exhibited  both  in  the  Great  Church,  and  streets 
of  Brussels,  beyond  what  I  ever  saw,  or  bad  even 
an  Idea   of    before,  yet  it  has  not  drowned  the 
Pleasure  I  have  had  in  being  Eye-witness  to  the 
Delightfulness    of   the    Country,    Beauty   of   the 
Towns,    and    Civility    of    the    Inhabitants.     But 
notwithstanding   I    have    had    very   great    Satis- 
faction in  gratifying  my  Sight  with  the  Variety 
and  Newness  of  the  Objects  which  have  presented 
themselves   to   Me   on   all  hands,  Yet  my  most 
particular  satisfaction  has  been  in  the  Conversa- 
tion  I  have  had  in  every  Place   I  have   pass'd 
through,  and  even  on  ye  Road  hi  Travelling  with 
the  Ecclesiasticks  of  all  Orders.     It  is  impossible 
to   mention    with   what   Civility  they   receive   a 
Stranger  in  their  Houses,  &  how  ready  they  are 
to  satisfy  one  in  every  Particular  that  one  wou'd 
desire.     I  hope  I  shall  live  to  have  the  Honour  to 
relate  to  Your  Lordship  some  part  of  the  Con- 
versation   I    have    had    with    Them  ;    &    design 
further  to  have  before  I  leave  the  Country.     It 
would  be  too  tedious  to  make  any  mention  of  it 
in  a  Letter  ;  &  I  shall  content  my  Self  at  this  Time 
with  making  a  Remark  or  two  on  the  Procession 
we  have  had  on  occasion  of  this  famous  Jubile. 
I  shall  refer  Your  Lordship  to  the  public  accounts 
You  will  undoubtedly  have  at  large  of  the  occasion, 
and    august  manner  in   which   it  has   been   cele- 
brated.    In  order  to  Honour  it,  the  fjjronts  of  the 
Houses  in  those  Streets  through  which  it  pass'd 
were  adom'd  with  Greens  from  the  Bottom  to  the 
Top,  &  embellish'd  with  the  finest  Tapistrys  and 
Pictures  each  inhabitant  either  had  by  them  or 
could     procure :     Besides     a    vast     number     of 
Triumphal  Arches  set  forth  after  the  most  beau- 
tiful Manner  with  Paintings,  Mottos,  and  other 
Decorations.     I    saw    the    Procession    from    our 
Residents    (Mr   Leathes)   House  ;    near  it   was  a 
most   magnificent   Triumphal   arch,   the   Inscrip- 
tions of  which  were  peculiariy  calculated  for  the 
Neighbourhood.     The  Jesuits  had  the  Direction 
of  every  Thing,  and  most  of  their  Mottos  on  all 
the  Arches  tended  either  to  establish  the  Truth 
of  their  Hoc  est  Corpus  Doctrine,  or  to  set  forth 
;he  greatness  of  the  Miracle  for  the  Commemora- 
tion  of  which  this   Jubile  was   instituted.     The 
forementi9nd   Arch  had  on  each  side  the  Quota- 
tions out  of  all  the  Gospels  by  which  they  ordi- 
larilv  prove  their  Transubstantiation,  and  in  the 
middle  was  the  following  Inscription, 

Eucharistise  Veritas  Hasreticis  demonstratur. 


12  s.  viii.  JAN.  15, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


I  shall  further  lay  before  Your  Lordship  2  Couplets 
which  I  met  with  in  the  Church,  among  many 
Other  of  less  Note,  that  relates  to  the  particular 
occasion  of  the  Jubile.  It  was  writ  under  a 
Passage  of  Sl  John  in  the  last  Chapter  of  his 
Gospel,  where  He  Speaks  of  the  vast  number  of 
Miracles  more,  that  were  done  by  Christ,  than 
what  he  had  related.  It  was  in  these  words, 
viz, 
Tot  sacra  fortasse  stupes  vi  pignoris  acta 

prodigia,  haud  uno  dinumeranda  Die  ; 
Sed    mage,  qucd   Species    (minim   super   omnia) 
sacrae 

Post  medium  maneant,  et  tria  Saecla,  stupes. 
NB. — It  was  350  years  ago  the  miracle  happened 
of  ye  Hosts  bleeding  which  very  host  yet  remains. 

I  L>ave  Your  Lordship  to  make  your  Reflection 
on  it  ;  and  shall  intrench  on  your  precious  Time 
no  longer  than  whilst  I  acquaint  You  that  I 
came  from  Rotterdam  through  Antwerp  and 
Mechlin  to  Brussels  :  That  after  I  spent  a  week 
in  this  latter  place,  I  came  through  Ghent  and 
Bruges,  to  this  Place  ;  whither  I  came  this  Day  at 
Noon,  and  shall  proceed  to  morrow  for  Newport 
(whither  the  Curiosity  of  visiting  a  Monastery  of 
English  Carthusians  onely  draws  Me)  to  Dun- 
kirk, Sl  Orner,  Ipre,  Meriin,  Lisle,  Tournay  & 
Mons  <fc  so  to  Brussels.  Whether  I  shall  go  from 
thence  to  Namur  &  so  down  ye  Maes  to  Ltrecht 
or  directly  thro'  Louvain  to  Holland  I  have  not 
yet  Determin'd. 

But  the  Inclination  I  have  to  be  at  Hanover 
as  soon  as  possible  will  I  beleive  determine  Me 
for  the  Latter.  Just  on  my  Departure  from 
Rotterdam  I  had  the  Good  Fortune  to  fall  into 
the  Company  of  Admiral  Norris's  Son  who  with 
his  Tutour  was  coming  into  these  Countrys,  with 
the  very  same  Intent  as  my  Self  ;  as  ye  latter  has 
travelled  here  before,  and  is  a  very  learned  Gentle- 
man I  reap  great  advantages  by  it. 

My  Lord,  Wherever  I  am,  it  is  a  sensible 
Pleasure  to  Me  to  think  I  have  Your  Lordship 
for  my  Friend  ;  and  tnat  You  are  pleas'd  in  any 
Manner  to  Interest  Your  Self  in  my  Welfare. 
I  have  no  greater  Passion  than  to  recommend  My 
Self  to  Your  Esteem  :  and  I  shall  be  ever  ambi- 
tious of  shewing  My  Self  in  what  Degree  I  am 
My  Lord, 

Your  Lordships  most  obedient, 
and  most  faithfull  humble  Servant 
ROBERT  WHATLEY. 

C.  S.  B.  BUCKLAND. 

(To  be  continued.) 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See   ante,   p.   23.) 
95  RICHARD  SHAKESPEARE'S  NEIGHBOURS. 

4.   Henry  Walker,  Thomas  Palmer  and  John 
Sambridge. 

RICHARD  SHAKESPEARE  was  in  request 
among  his  friends  in  the  last  months  of 
Queen  Mary  and  the  first  of  Queen  Elizabeth 


He  witnessed  the  will  of  one  Henry  Walker 
on  Aug.  31,  1558,  tenant  of  a  leasehold-farm 
in  Snitterfield,  who  died,  apparently,  a 
widower,  leaving  twelve  children  in  the  care 
01  his  eldest  son  John.  The  farm  was  well 
stocked  with  29  beasts  (oxen,  kine,  calves 
and  horses),  5  great  hogs  and  6  store  hogs, 
4  geese,  6  hens  and  a  cock,  2  pullets,  6  stalls 
of  bees.  There  was  corn  in  the  barn  and 
in  the  field,  malt  and  hay,  and  3  flitches  of 
bacon  in  the  roof.  But  if  there  was  enough 
to  eat  the  sleeping  accommodation  was 
limited,  and  the  four  bedsteads  (some  of 
them  with  "painted  cloths  about  them  ")— 
must  have  been  put-to -it  to  contain  ther 
family,  which  included  moreover  a  boy- 
boarder  entrusted  to  the  father's  care  by 
Master  Bushell  of  Cleve  at  the  rate  of 
lid.  a  week.  Among  the  testator's  assets 
wa*  a  debt  from  Richard  Shakespeare  for 
65.  Sd. 

Thomas  Palmer  belonged  to  a  family 
much  respected  in  Snitterfield  and  next- 
door  neighbours  of  Richard  Shakespeare, 
His  father  and  his  uncle  had  been  decennaru- 
(tithing  men)  under  the  lord  of  the  manor, 
and  in  performance  of  their  duty  had 
reported  Richard  Shakespeare  for  non  suit 
of  Court  or  neglect  of  his  hedges.  Such 
presentments  made  little  difference  in  friend- 
ship, and  when  Thomas  Palmer  died  leaving 
seven  young  children  and  debts  which 
swallowed  up  more  than  a  third  of  his  small 
property,  Richard  Sljakespeere  made  the 
inventory,  on  Jan.  3,  1560.  pricing  his  four 
oxen,  two  cows,  four  calves,  one  steer,  two- 
mares  and  a  weaning-colt,  corn  and  hay  in 
the  barn,  brass  and  pewter  and  linen. 

John  Sambridge  made  his  will  on  Sept.  18,. 
1558,  and  Richard  Shakespeare  'praised 
his  goods  and  cattle  on  May  7  following. 
He  was  a  humble  person  with  little  to  be- 
'praised.  He  left  a  widow  and  a  son  by  a 
former  wife.  There  were  difficulties  to 
face  between  the  son  and  his  step-mother. 
This  memorandum  appears  in  the  will  : — 

"  That  Thomas  Sambridge,  the  son  of  John  Sam- 
bridg»of  Snitterfield,  hath  granted  to  his  mother- 
in-law,  Eleanor  Sambridge,  to  have  twelve  years 
in  the  house  that  he  hath  right  to  have  after  the 
death  of  his  father,  John  Sambridge;  the  said 
Eleanor  permitting  him  to  have  two  lands  within • 
the  fields  of  Snitterfield  yearly,  and  the  said 
Thomas  to  find  cider  at  his  own  cost  and  charges, 
and  Eleanor  to  wash  the  suits  of  Thomas  during 
the  said  time." 

The  goods  which  Richard  Shakespeare 
inventoried  included  12  pewter  platters  and 
dishes  and  saucers,  4  brass  pots  and  2  pans, 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12 s. VIIIJA*. is,  1021. 


and  painted  cloths  in  the  hall  and  chamber  ; 
.and  the  "cattle  "  comprised  a  cow,  2  store 
pigs  and  a  little  horse. 

5.    William  Bott  of  tJie    Wold. 

William  Bott,  Batt  or  Bett  (pronounced, 
Avith  the  vowel  long,  Boot,  Bait  or  Beet) 
interests  us  as  a  Snitterfield  man  who  was 
a  younger  contemporary  of  Richard  Shakes- 
peare and  an  older  contemporary  of  the 
latter 's  son  John,  and  settled,  like  John 
Shakespeare,  in  Stratford-upon-Avon,  where 
he  resided  in  and  acquired  the  house  which 
John  Shakespeare's  son  William  afterwards 
purchased  and  made  his  home,  New  Place. 

At  Snitterfield  William  Bott  lived  at  the 
Wold.  He  learned  to  write,  and  he  became 
the  agent  of  Squire  Clopton.  He  had  a 
wife,  Joan,  and  children  in  1552,  when 
Thomasin  Palmer  left  them  all  "a  pied 
heifer  of  three  year  old  and  two  launds  of 
wheat  lying  in  Woodway,  the  one  betwixt 
.Roger  Smith  on  both  sides  and  the  other 
betwixt  William  Bracy  and  John  Hancorn." 
He  witnessed  the  will  and  'praised  the  goods 
of  Hugh  Green  in  Mar.,  1553.  On  Jan.  31, 
1554,  he  witnessed  the  will,  of  which  he  was 
appointed  overseer  with  Richard  Maids,  of 
his  friend,  Hugh  Porter,  after  the  death  of 
the  latter's  daughter,  wife  of  Robert  Maids. 
Hugh  Porter,  who  lived  five  or  six  years 
after  making  this  will,  bequeathed  Bott  40.9. 
On  Sept.  8,  1557,  Thomas  Palmer  made 
Bott  overseer  of  his  will  and  left  his  children 
ra  little  gift  of  3d.  apiece.  A  list  of  Hugh 


Porter's  debtors  drawn  up  on  Nov.  26,  1557, 
includes  the  following  : — 

"Richard  Shakespeare  of  Snitterfield  nweth  nntq 
the  same  40s.  The  executors  of  Robert  Arden  of 
Wilmecote  and  Thomas  Stringer  of  Bearley  oweth 
unto  the  same  for  Robert  Arden  £5.  2.  3.  William 
Bott  of  Snitterfield  £30,  for  the  which  sum  of  £30 
William  Bott  hath  to  mortgage  to  the  forenamed 
Hugh  Porter  all  the  land  within  the  town  of 
Hatton." 

The  executors  of  Robert  Arden  were  his 
daughters,  Alice  and  Mary,  the  second  being 
in  Nov.,  1557,  wife  of  John  Shakespeare  in 
Henley  Street.  William  Bott  was  already 
engaged  in  those  speculations  which  after- 
wards got  him  into  trouble.  Hugh  Porter's 
will  was  proved  in  the  Court  of  Canterbury 
on  the  7th  February,  1560,  and  to  Bott  and 
to  Porter's  natural  and  loved  daughter, 
Eleanor,  fell  the  task  of  distributing  the 
residue  of  his  estate  "  in  charitable  deeds 
and  works,  for  the  wealth  of  his  soul  and 
all  Christian  souls,"  Thus  again  Bott  had 
the  handling  of  money  that  was  not  his  own. 
On  Apr.  21,  1559.  he  made  the  inventory  of 
the  goods  of  Roger  Lyncecombe  with  Richard 
Shakespeare  and  others.  He  witnessed  the 
will  of  his 'master,  William  Clopton,  on  Jan.  4, 
1560.  And  with  Richard  Shakespeare  and 
others  he  made  the  inventory  of  the  goods 
of  Henry  Cole  of  Snitterfield  on  June  1,  1560. 
On  the  promotion  of  young  William  Clopton 
from  New  Place  to  Clopton  House,  in  succes- 
sion to  his  father,  Bott  removed  from  the 
Wold  to  New  Place. 

EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 


(To  be  continued.). 

AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF  1740. 

(See  12  S.  ii.  passim  ;  iii.  46,  103,  267,  354,  408,  438  ;  vi.  184,  233,  242,  290,  329  ; 
vii.  83,  125,  146,  165,  187,  204,  265,  308,  327,  365,  423  ;  viii.  6.) 

The  next  regiment  (p.  72)  was  raised  in  1688  by  Sir  Robert  Peyton  to  support  the 
Prince  of  Orange  in  the  rebellion  against  King  James  II.  From  1741  it  was  designated 
the  20th  Foot,  but  in  1782  the  countv  title — East  Devonshire  Regiment — was  conferred 
upon  it  in  addition  to  its  number.  This  title  it  retained  until  1881  when  it  became  The 
Lancashire  Fusiliers. 

Dates  of  their  first 

commissions. 
Ensign  1690 

Cornet        1  July  1705. 


Colonel  St.  George's  Regiment  of  Foot.. 


-Colonel 

Lieutenant-Colonel 

Major 


Richard  St.  George  (1) 
John  Batereau  (2) 
Robert  Catherwood  (3) 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 
. .      27  June  1737 
. .      25  June  1722 
. .      31  Aug.  1739 


Ensign 


Dec.   1711. 


(1)  Uncle  of  Sir  Richard  St.  Georga,  1st  Baronet  (created,  1766).     Appointed  to  the  Colonelcy 
of  the  8th  Dragoons  in  Mav,  1740,  being  succeeded  by  Colonel  Alexander  Rose. 

(2)  Cornet  in  Lord  Windsor's  Regiment  of  Horse,  July  1,   1705.     Captain  in  the  20th  Foot, 
June,  1715  ;  Major,  Nov.  12,  1717.     Appointed  Colonel  of  a  newly  raised  regiment  of  Foot  in  1742, 
which  was  disbanded  in  1748.     Died  in  1749. 

(3)  Captain  in  this  regiment  Dec.  21,  1720  ;  Lieut,-Colonel  in  Colonel  Battereau's  newly  raised 
Regiment  of  Foot,  1742.     Died  in  1749. 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  15, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


Captains 


•Captain  Lieutenant 


JLieutenants 


Colonel  St.  George's  Regiment  of  Foot 
(continued). 

Robert  Johnston 
James  Gendrault 
John  Vickars  (4) 
Anthony  Meyrac  (5)  .  . 
Cromwell  Ward 
John  Price 

Francis  Boussilliere     . . 
Arthur  Horseman  (6) 
John  Williams  (7) 
Robert  Cambie 
Robert  Hart 
Christopher  Turner     . . 
Homer  Maxwell 
William  Lockhart 
Lewis  Bouchetiere 
James  Ash 
Daniel  Robertson 
John  Vickars  (8) 
John  Beckwith  (9) 
Talbot  William  Keene 
Elex.  Trapeau 
Richard  King 
Richard  St.  George     . . 
Bolton  Barrington 
Walter  Johnston 
Thomas  Dalton 


Ensigns 


Dates  pf  their 
present  commissions. 
, .     25  June  1722 

5  July  1725 
.      26  June  1730 

1  Aug.  1733 
.  26  Aug.  1737 
.  28  ditto 
.  31  Aug.  1739 
.  31  Aug.  1739 
.  25  June  1722 
.  24  Nov.  ditto 
.  17  Apr.  1732 

1  Aug.  1733 
.  23  Jan.  1735 
.  14  Feb.  ditto 
.  16  Jan.  1736 
.  26  Aug.  1737 
.  28  ditto 
.  19  Apr.  1731 

1  June  1733 
.      14  Feb.   1735 
.      23  Feb.   1735/6 
.     26  Aug.  1737 
.     28        ditto 
.      27  Feb.   1737/8 
ditto 


Dates  of  their 
first  commissions. 
Lieutenant   28  Sept,  1706. 
Captain  29  July   1715. 
Ensign     14  Feb.   1701/2 
ditto         22  Sept,  1722. 
ditto         28  Aug.  1708. 
Lieutenant    18  Aug.  1708, 
Ensign     10  May   1718. 
ditto  9  Jan.    1719. 

ditto  9  June  1721. 

ditto  6  Apr.  1709. 

ditto  3  Feb.  1722. 

ditto  18  Oct.  1705. 
ditto  26  Jan.  1730. 
ditto  20  May  1732. 
ditto  5  Apr.  1723. 

ditto  8  May   1727. 

ditto  1  July  1727. 


Ensign,    10  Mar.  1710. 


..31  Aug.  1739 
The  following  additional  names  are  entered  in  ink  in  the  interleaf  : — 

Captain          ..  ..      Lewis  Marcell 13  Mar.  1740/1 

»„,-;«„  /-Thomas  Parsons  ..     23  Apr.   1740 

*  |  Henry  Jackson  ..  ..        1  July  ditto 

(4)  Died  in  1769.     See  obituary  notice  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

(5)  Major,  May  27,  1745. 

(6)  Captain,  July  1,  1740. 

(7)  Captain-Lieutenant,  July  1,  1740. 

(8)  Lieutenant,  Apr.  23,  1740. 

<9)  Lieutenant,  July  1,  1740  ;  Captain,  12  Dec.  1746. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Colonel  (Retired  List). 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE  GEOPHONE. — The  geophone  is  one 
of  the  many  devices  which,  developed  under 
"the  strenuous  demands  of  war,  now  con- 
stitute permanent  additions  to  our  indus- 
trial equipment  in  peace  time.  It  is  a 
listening  instrument  invented  for  detecting 
enemy  activities  in  sapping  and  min  ng  and 
for  locating  artillery.  It  is  now  being  used 
by  the  U.S.  Bureau  of  Mines  for  locating 
miners  who  have  been  entombed.  Although 
quite  small  it-  is  essentially  a  seismograph, 
working  on  the  same  principle  as  the  pon- 
derous apparatus  which  records  earth-quake 
tremours. 

In  connexion  with  this  subject  we  are 
told  in  an  American  mining  paper  that 
Herodotus,  describes  the  method  by  which 
opposing  armies,  in  one  case  at  least, 
detected  the  presence  of  the  other's  mines. 
The  device  employed  may  be  considered 


the    forerunner    of    the    modern    geophone. 
He  says  : — 

"  The  Persians  beleaguered  Barca  for  nine  months, 
in  the  course  of  which  they  dug  several  mints  from 
their  own  lines  to  the  walls.  But  their  mines 
were  discoveied  by  a  man  who  was  a  worker  in 
brass,  who  went  with  a  brazen  shield  all  round  the 
fortress  and  laid  it  on  the  ground  inside  the  city. 
In  other  places  the  shield,  when  he  laid  it  down, 
was  quite  dumb ;  but  where  the  ground  was  under- 
mined, there  the  brass  of  the  shield  rang.  Such 
was  the  way  in  which  the  mines  were  discovered." 

The  translation  is  not  faultless,  but  will 
serve  our  present  purpose.  The  original 
text  is  given  in  Herodotus  ('Hist.  Libr.,' 
iv.  200  (2))  on  page  238  of  the  Dindorfian 
edition.  The  siege  of  Barke  (circa  512  B.C.) 
is  mentioned  also  by  JEneas,  the  Tactician 
( '  Poliorceticus, '  chap,  xxxvii.),  who  gives 
the  name  of  the  besieger  as  Amasis. 

L.  L.  K. 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  15, 1021. 


POOR  RELIEF  BADGE.  —  A  curiosity  of  its 
kind,  this  may  be  worth  reproducing^though 
it  may  not  be  without  parallel.  A  handbill, 
of  which  this  is  a  verbation  copy,  reads  as 
follows  :  — 

At  a  Vestry  held  in  the  Parish  Church  of  Llanbeblig 

in  the  County  of  Carnarvon,  on  Monday  the  4th 

day  of  May,  J818 
It  is  ordered, 

That  all  the  Paupers  who  shall  in  future  apply  for 
and  insist  upon  having  Weekly  Relief,  shall  be 
Badged  with  Red  Letters  LI.  P.,  to  be  fixed  by  the 
Overseers  in  the  Front  of  the  Hat  of  each  Pauper  to 
be  worn  daily,  and  if  any  of  the  Paupers  shall  be 
found  at  any  time  in  the  Town  of  Carnarvon  or  in 
any  part  of  the  Parish  of  Llanbeblig  without  a  Badge 
upon  his  or  her  hat  such  Pauper  shall  forfeit  one 
Week  s  allowance. 

That  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Parishioners  present 
at  this  Vestry,  that  it  is  improper  to  permit  persons, 
that  are  not  settled  in  this  Parish  to  wander  and  beg 
therein,  and  in  order  to  ascertain  who  are  settled 
in  the  Parish,  It  is  ordered  that  the  Overseers  do 
without  delay,  procure  printed  Tickets  in  which  the 
paying  Overseer  of  the  Poor  is  to  write  the  name, 
age,  and  description  of  each  Pauper  wiehing  to 
apply  for  Voluntary  relief  about  the  Parish. 
lhat  these  orders  be  translated  into  the  Welsh 
language,  and  printed  in  English  and  Wel&h  and 
distributed  throughout  the  Parish. 
(Signed)  Thomas  Roberts,  Vicar. 

William  Griffith       )  w     , 
Robert  Williams     /  Wardens. 
Rioe  Jones  ^ 

William  Tannar      1 
David  Jones  J 

And  the  Parishioners  present. 


the  Poor. 


of 


L.  E.  Jones,  Printer,  Carnarvon. 


ANEUBTN  WILLIAMS. 

LORETTO. — There  is  a  curious  note  on 
p.  436  of  a  short  edition  of  '  Quentin  Durward' 
edited  by  H.  W.  Ord  and  published  by  A. 
and  C.  Black.  It  runs  as  follows  :— 

"Loretto.  There  are  three  Lorettos,  possessing 
images  or  relics  of  the  Virgin  Mary :  the  most 
celebrated  is  in  Styria  in  Austria,  where  miraculous 
cures  are  reputed  to  be  effected.  Two  pilgrimages 
are  made  annually  to  it." 

There  appear  to  be  eleven  Lorettos  in  the 
Old  and  in  the  New  world,  and  far  and 
away  the  nost  important  of  them  is  the 
Loretto,  near  Ancona,  famed  as  it  is  for 
being  the  place,  to  which  thfe  house  inhabited 
by  the  Holy  Family  was  transported  by 
angels  from  Palestine.  This  Loretto  is  a 
centre  of  pilgrimages.  If  there  is  a  Loretto 
in  Styria  it  is  not  mentioned  in  Meyer's 
'German  Encyclopaedia,'  and  in  Hitter's 
'  Geographisch  -  Statistisches  Lexicon  '  no 
mention  is  made  of  any  Loretto  in  Austria. 
T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 
The  Author's  Club,  Whitehall  Court.  S.W. 


FEMALE  PSEUDONYMS  USED  BY  MEN. — 
In  1811  Shelley  with  T.  J.  Hogg  composed 
'  Posthumous  Fragments  of  Margaret  Nichol- 
son.' Grant  Allen  (1848-1899)  published 
two  novels,  'The  Typewriter.  Girl  T  and 
'  Rosalba  '  under  the  name  of  "  Olive  Pratt 
Rayner."  The  greater  part  of  the  Lest 
work  of  William  Sharp  (1856-1905),  appeared 
under  the  name  of  "Fiona  Macleod,"  and 
I  believe  that  the  name  of  "Agnes  larrell  'r 
as  author  of  the  novel  'Lady  Loran,'  con- 
cealed the  identity  of  Francis  William 
Lauderdale  Adams  (1862-1893).  This  list 
can  probably  be  extended 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ANN  VANE. — Johnson  in  his  'Vanity  o 
Human  Wishes  '  wrote  : — 

The  teeming  mother,  anxious  for  her  race, 
Begs  for  each  birth,  the  fortune  of  a  face, 
Yet  Vane  could  tell  what  ills  from  beauty  spring. 
Lord  Hailes  pointed  out  to  Bo  swell  that 
the  example  was  unfortunate  as  Van© 
could  lay  no  claim  to  the  compliment^ 
Croker  charges  Lord  Hailes  with  being 
hypercritical,  remarking  that  Vane  was 
handsome;  or,  what  was  mo  re  to  the  purpose, 
appeared  so  to  her  royal  lover.  An  entry 
under  date  Mar.  13,  1731/2  in  the  recently 
published  '  Diary  of  Viscount  Percival  t 
reviewed  at  length  at  12  S.  vii.  161  suggests 
that  Lord  Hailes 's  criticism  was  sober  : — 

Col.  Schutz  told  me  that  he  had  been  with  M" 
Vane,  that  he  avoided  it  as  long  as  he  could  till 
Prince  [Frederick]  took  notice  of  his  not  going. 

This  fat  and  ill  shaped  dwarf  has  nothing  good 

to  recomend  her,  neither  sense  nor  wit. 

Mrs.  Vane  died  in  1736  before  Johnson- 
reached  London,  and  is  a  different  person 
from  Frances  Lady  Vane  whose  career ,. 
is  deployed  in  Smollett's  'Peregrine  Pickle.' 

J.  P.  DE  C. 

STORIES  OF  WHISTLER. — Mr.  A.  B.  Pidding- 
ton,  K.C.,  of  Melbourne,  author  of  '  Spanish, 
Sketches  '  (Oxford  University  Press)  tells- 
his  friends  the  following  Whistler  stories.. 
Is  the  second  one  new  ? 

"  When  I  was  in  Toledo  I  met  the  famous- 
etcher,  Mr.  Strarig,  who  was  travelling  through, 
Spain  with  his  son.  One  afternoon  we  were 
talking  of  Velasquez  and  Whistler,  and  naturally 
the  anecdote  cropped  up  of  the  young  idolater 
who  told  Whistler  that  he  and  Velasquez  were 
the  only  artists  who  knew  how  to  paint  light  and? 
air,  and,  was  rebuked  by  Whistler's  comment, 
'  But  why  drag  in  Velasquez  ?  '  Mr.  Strang  told? 
me  that  he  had  known  Whistler  well  and  that 
during  the  famous  trial  when  Whistler  obtained^ 
one  farthing  damages  from  Ruskin  (who  had  said! 
'nier  alia,  that  one  of  Whistler's  pictures  was 


i2s.  VITI.  JAN.  is,  1921.]   NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


'  a  pot  of  paint  thrown  in  the  face  of  the  public  ') 
there  was  one  particular  afternoon  when  the 
hopes  of  Whistler's  admirers  sank  very  low 
because  Walter  Sickert,  giving  evidence  as  one  of 
them,  had  failed  miserably  in  cross-examination. 
That  evening  Strang  called  at  Whistler's  house, 
and  the  following  dialogue  took  place  :  Strang — 
'  I  can't  understand  how  Walter  came  to  make 
such  a  mess  of  it  to-day.'  Whistler — '  No,  more 
can  I.'  Strang — '  I  suppose  it  must  have  been 
conceit.'  Whistler — '  Very  likely,  but  I  can't 
understand  anybody  being  conceited  but  me  !  '  ' 

J.  LANGDON  BONYTHON. 
Carclew,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 


(Qturtas. 

WE    must   request  correspondents   desiring    in- 
ormation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


COUNTESS  MACNAMARA. — Miss  Frances 
Williams  Wynne,  the  writer  of  '  The  Diaries 
of  a  Lady  of  Quality,'  which  were  edited  by 
Abraham  Hayward  in  1864,  writing  at 
Richmond  in  August  1832,  says  (op.  tit. 
pp.  216-9)  :— 

"We  have  just  had  Countess  Macnamara  here 

she  gave  me  a  singular  instance  of  devotion  to 

her  beloved  Bourbons,  which,  being  asserted  on  her 
personal  knowledge,  is,  I  suppose,  in  the  main,  true. 
A  Miss  W.,  who  sonie  fifty  years  ago  was  an  admired 
singer  on  the  English  stage,  made  a  conquest  of  a 
JVIr.  A.  a  man  of  large  property,  who  married  her. 
Whether  the  lady's  character  was  not  immaculate, 
or  whether,  the  march  of  intellect  not  having  begun, 
actresses  of  the  best  character  were  not  yet  reckoned 
fit  society  for  ladies,  does  not  appear ;  certain  it 
is,  that,  finding  she  could  not  get  any  society  in 
England,  the  A's  went  to  establish  themselves  at 
Versailles,  where  they  took  a  fine  house,  gave  fetes, 
£c.,  &c.  His  wealth  gave  splendour ;  her  beauty, 
her  singing,  her  dancing,  gave  charm.  The  Polignacs 
came  to  her  fetes,  and  afterwards  introduced  her  to 
the  little  society,  to  the  intimate  reunions,  of 
which  Marie  Antoinette  was  a  constant  member. 
When  adversity  befell  this  object  of  admiration,  of 
almost  idolatry,  Mrs.  A.  devoted  herself,  her  talents, 
and  (better  than  all)  her  purse  to  her  service. 

It  was  chiefly  during  the  Queen's  melancholy 
abode  in  the  Temple  that  Mrs.  A.  most  exerted 
herself.  In  bribes,  in  various  means  employed  for 
the  relief  of  the  poor  Queen,  she  expended  between 
£30,000  and  £40,000  sterling.  This  of  course  was  taken 
under  the  name  of  a  loan,  and  soon  after  the  restora- 
tion Mrs.  A.  made  a  demand  upon  Louis  XVIII. 
Every  item  of  her  account  was  discussed  and  most 
allowed,  till  they  came  to  a  very  large  bribe  given 
to  the  minister  of  police,  one  to  the  gaolor,  and 
bribes  to  various  persons,  to  manage  the  escape  of 
the  Dauphin  and  the  substitution  of  a  dying  child 
in  his  place.  Louis  XVI II.  would  not  agree  to  this 
article,  and  insisted  upon  its  being  erased  from  the 


account  as  the  condition  upon  which  he  would  order 
the  gradual  liquidation  of  the  rest  of  the  debt. 
To  this  condition  Mrs.  A.  would  not  accede : 
Louis  XVIII.  died  :  the  accounts  were  again 
brought  forward.  Charles  X.  was  just  going  to  give 
the  order  for  paying  the  debt  by  instalments  when 
the  revolution  came,  and  Mrs.  A.  seems  now  further 
than  ever  from  obtaining  any  part  of  her  money. 

It  is  to  me  very  sad  that  Mac.  does  not  seem  to 
feel  that,  admitting  all  her  premises,  her  story  tells 

very  much  against  her  beloved  Bourbons She 

concludes  the  history  I  have  just  written  by  saying, 
'  I  had  a  message  for  Mrs.  A.  from  Holyrood,  which 
I  was  desired  to  deliver  in  person.  1  had  great 
difficulty  in  tracing  her  :  at  last  I  found  her  a  week 
ago,'  (she  told  me  where  but  I  have  forgotten).  She 
represents  her  as  preserving  remains  of  beauty  at 
about  70,  coiffee  en  cheveux,  with  a  mask  ot  paint. 

...It  seems 'that  they  are  all  convinced,  and  this 


have  no  evidence  of  his  death,  and  know  that  it 
did  not  take  place  in  the  Temple,  but  I  have  110 
evidence  of  his  being  alive  at  any  subsequent 
period.' " 

The  Miss  W.  is  ,  Miss  Charlotte  Walpole ; 
the  Mr.  A.  is  Mr.  Edward  Atkyns.  See 
10  S.  ix.  343,  xi.  457  and  the  authorities 
there  quoted. 

Who  was  Countess  Macnamara  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BOOK  OF  COMMON  PRAYER. — Can  any 
reader  kindly  tell  me  whether  the  three 
Primers  which  preceded  the  first  Prayer 
Book  of  Edward  VI.  can  be  obtained  in  a 
reprint,  and  if  so,  where;  also,  the  same 
information  as  to  the  Scottish  Prayer  Book 
of  1637.  EVERARD  HAMILTON. 

ALCHEMICAL  MSS.— I  shall  be  extremely 
grateful  if  any  of  your  readers  can  help  me 
trace  the  whereabouts  of  two  interesting 
alchemical  manuscripts.  One  is  a  four- 
teenth century  volume  that  belonged  to  the 
late  Reginald  Cholmondeley  of  Condover 
Hall  and  is  described  in  the  'Historical 
MSS.  Commission  Report,'  vol.  v.  p.  334. 
Among  numerous  other  alchemical  texts  it 
is  said  to  contain  a  copy  of  Roger  Bacon  s 
Tractatus  trium  verborum  ad  Johannem 
Parisiensem. ' 

The  other  manuscript  was  the  property 
of  the  late  J.  Eliot  Hcdgkin  of  Richmond, 
Surrey.  It  is  a  fifteenth- century  alchemical 
work  and  is  described  in  the  'Historical 
MSS.  Commission  Report,'  vol.  xv.,  part  2, 
pp.  2-4. 

I  am  at  present  engaged  in  completing  a 
catalogue  of  the  early  alchemical  MSS.  in 
the  British  Isles,  which  is  to  be  printed  as 
the  opening  volume  of  an  International 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  is,  1921. 


•Catalogue  of  Alchemical  MSS.  published  by 
the  Union  Academique  Internationale  under 
the  General  Editorship  of  Prof.  Bidez  of 
Ghent. 

It  is  much  to  be  desired  that  the  contribu- 
tion from  this  country  should  be  as  far  as 
possible  complete,  and  any  assistance  in 
tracing  either  the  above  mentioned  manu- 
scripts or  any  other  early  alchemical  manu- 
scripts in  private  hands  will  be  warmly 
welcomed  and  of  course  duly  acknowledged 
in  the  publication. 

DOROTHEA  WALEY  SINGER. 

Westbury  Lodge,  Norham  Road,  Oxford. 

EDUCATION  OF  THE  FIRST  DUKE  OF 
MARYBOROUGH. — Can  any  reader  give  me 
any  information  as  to  where  the  first  Duke 
of  Marlborough  was  educated  when  a  small 
boy  ?  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  his 
first  school  was  a  French  one,  but  cannot 
find  any  details  of  his  education  in  the 
'  Lives  '  which  are  at  my  disposal  here. 

F.  M.  M. 

Rochester. 

ST.  THOMAS'S  DAY  CUSTOM. — In  a  letter 
irom  his  Vicarage  of  Fen  Drayton,  Cambs, 
my  son  mentions  the  occurrence  there  of 
what  appears  to  be  a  very  old  custom. 

On  Dec.  21,  St.  Thomas's  Day,  all  the 
widows  (or,  as  on  the  last  occasion,  all  repre- 
sentatives) go  round  the  village  and  collect 
money  which  is  then  divided  equally  among 
them.  I  should  feel  obliged  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  could  inform  me  if  this 
custom  is  practised  elsewhere,  and  what  its 
origin  was  ?  ALEX.  THOMS. 

7  Playfair  Terrace,  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 

YEW-TREES  IN  CHURCHYARDS. — Could  any 
reader  kindly  give  precise  date  and  reference 
to  the  Statute,  or  other  authority,  ordering 
yew-trees  to  be  grown  in  churchyards  for 
supplying  bows  ?  The  date  was  about  1474. 
And  why  to  be  grown  in  churchyards  ?  Was 
it  on  account  of  the  poisonous  nature  of  the 
yew  ?  G.  B.  M. 

AN  OLD  SILVER  CHARM. — Can  any  one 
explain  the  symbolism  of  a  small  antique 
silver  ornament  in  the  form  of  a  leafy  twig, 
with  a  heart,  a  key,  and  a  queer  little 
serpentine  bird,  arranged  among  the  leaves  ? 

The  end  of  the  twig  has  a  hole  drilled 
through  it  (as  if  the  ornament  were  intended 
to  be  worn  round  the  neck),  and  a  coil  of 
silver  cord  round  it.  The  heart  looks  as  if 
meant  to  be  pierced. 


Woldingham. 


G.  A.  ANDERSON. 


"CONTY."— In  a  letter  of  Nov.  28,  1843, 
my  father  (Edward  Whitwell)  described  a 
visit  to  a  "Thief  School,"  where  he  was 
asked  to  help  in  teaching  the  first  class. 
One  of  the  boys  opened  a  conversation  with 
a  mate  with  :  "  Your  brother  nailed  three 
half  conties,"  and  insisted  on  explaining  to 
his  teacher  that  it  meant  that  he  had  stolen 
three  half-sovereigns.  What  is  the  origin 
of  the  word  ?  ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

10  Brompton  Square,  S.W.3. 

LEIGH  HUNT  AND  CHARLES  DICKENS. — Is 
any  appearance  of  Leigh  Hunt's  sonnet  of 
welcome  to  Household  Words  (1850)  known 
earlier  than  the  posthumous  edition  of 
Hunt's  poems  in  1860  ?  F.  PAGE. 

THE  LEGEND  OF  DUNFRAOICH. — I  shall  be 
very  grateful  if  you  can  tell  me  something 
about  the  "Legend  of  Dunfraoich."  It  is 
onnected  with  Loch  Fraochy  in  the  parisr 
of  Kenmore,  Perthshire,  Scotland.  I  should 
also  oe  glad  to  know  where  I  am  obtain  a 
copy  of  Gillies'  'Collection  of  Gaelic  Songs  ' 
(in  English).  M.  D.  ADAMSON. 

Lisle  Court,  Lymington,  Hants. 

PASSAGE  IN  LOCKHART'S  'LiFE  OF  SCOTT.' 
— In  Lockhart's  'Life  of  Scott,' vol.  viii.,will 
be  found  at  pp.  70-1  the  following  passage  :— 

"I  was  much  struck  by  his  description  of  a  scene 

he  had  once  with  Lady (the  divorced   Lady 

).  upon  whom  her  eldest   boy,  who    had   been 

born  before  her  marriage   with   Lord ,  asking 

her  why  he  himself  was  not  Lord (the  second 

title).  'Do  you  hear  that? '  she  exclaimed  wildly 
to  Scott,  and  then  rushing  to  the  pianoforte  played 
in  a  sort  of  frenzy,  some  hurried  airs,  as  if  to  drive 
away  the  dark  thoughts  then  in  her  mind.  It 
struck  me  that  he  spoke  of  this  lady  as  if  there 
had  been  something  more  than  mere  friendship 
between  them.  He  described  her  as  beautiful  and 
tull  of  character." 

Who  is  the  lady  referred  to  ? 

FREDK.  CHARLES  WHITE. 

14  Esplanade,  Lowestoft. 

NORTONS  IN  IRELAND. — Can  any  reader 
interested  in  genealogy  inform  me  whether 
a  younger  branch  of  the  Norton  family 
(formerly)  of  Rotherfield  Park,  Hampshire 
went  over  to  Ireland  and  settled  there  about 
the  seventeenth  century  ?  A  great-grand- 
father of  mine,  Samuel  Norton,  came  from 
Ireland  and  settled  in  Hampshire  at  the  end 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  he  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  a  descendant  of  a 
younger  branch  of  these  Hampshire  Nortons, 
but  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  trace  which 
particular  branch  of  this  family  settled  in 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  is,  mi.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


Ireland.  Possibly  one  of  the  younger  of  the 
•eight  sons  of  Richard  Norton  (died  1556)  by 
Jiis  wife  Elizabeth  (dau.  and  heiress  of  Sir 
William  Rotherfield,  Knt.)  may  have 
founded  a  cadet  branch  in  Ireland. 

I  shall  be  glad  of  any  information  on  this 
point. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  during 
the  Civil  War  the  senior  branch  of  this 
family  (viz.  the  descendants  of  Sir  Richard 
^Norton,  Knight  [died  1592]  by  his  first  wife) 
were  staunch  Royalists,  and  suffered  very 
heavily  for  their  loyalty;  whilst  Colonel 
Norton,  a  descendant  of  the  above  men- 
tioned Sir  Richard  by  his  second  wife,  was  a 
staunch  Parliamentarian,  and,  about  1643, 
tock  a  leading  part  in  the  storming  of  Basing 
House,  which  was  held  on  behalf  of  King 
€harles  by  John,  5th  Marquis  of  Winchester 
(whose  nephew  Francis  Paulet  married,  in 
1674,  Elizabeth,  d.  and  heiress  of  Sir  Richard 
Norton,  2nd  Bart.). 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  Colonel 
Norton  and  any  other  of  his  branch  of  the 
family  accompanied  Cromwell  to  Ireland,  or 
were  sent  there  by  his  orders,  and  whether 
if  so  Colonel  Norton  left  any  of  his  younger 
kinsmen  in  Ireland.  It  is  known  that  he 
himself  did  not  settle  there,  but  Cromwell 
frequently  stayed  with  him  at  old  Alresford 
House  (Hants),  and  he  may  very  probably 
have  obtained  a  position  in  Ireland  for  one 
or  more  of  his  younger  kinsmen  through  his 
friendship  with  the  Protector. 

F.  CROOKS. 

Eecleston  Park,  Preseot. 

THE  FIRST  LORD  WESTBURY. — What  was 
the  episode  thus  referred  to  in  the  notice  of 
Oharles  Neate  (1806-1879)  in  the  'D.N.B.'  ? 

"  [He]  was  called  to  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn 
in  1832,  but  an  unfortunate  fracas  with  Sir  R. 
Bethell,  afterwards  Lord  Westbury,  terminated 
his  career  there. . . .'  the  old  scoundrel,'  as  he  was 
in  the  habit  of  styling  Westbury." 

In  'Memory's  Harkback,'  1808  to  1858,  by 
F.  E.  Gretton,  B.D.  (1889)  are  two  allusions 
to  the  same  occurrence  ;  at  page  138, 

"  [Bethell]  To  his  juniors  he  was  curt,  almost 
rude,  so  that  you  wondered  that  one  or  another 
•did  not,  in  the  robing-room  imitate  the  late 
Professor  Neate,  and  apply  the  lex  digitalis." 
At  page  285 : 

"  From  hard  words  we  come  to  legal,  or  illegal, 
blows  :  for  example,  Mr.  Neate  boxing  Bethell's 
«ars  in  the  robing-room." 

The  '  D.N.B.'  does  not  mention  the 
Incident  in  its  account  of  Lord  Westbury. 

W.  B.  H. 


BISHOPSGATE  :  DRAWINGS  WANTED. — In 
connexion  with  a  history  of  the  ward  of 
Cripplegate  in  the  City  of  London,  which 
I  am  about  completing,  I  should  be  glad  to 
hear  of  any  original  unpublished  drawings 
of  buildings,  &c.,  of  the  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth  centuries.  I  have  all  those  con- 
tained iri  the  British  Museum  and  the 
Guildhall  Library  JOHN  J.  BADDELEY. 
32  Woodbury  Down,  N. 

G.  P.  R.  JAMES,  THE  NOVELIST. — I  should 
be  glad  to  learn  some  particulars  of  his 
mother,  whose  name  is  not  recorded  in  the 
'D.N.B.'  xxix.  209.  His  father,  Dr.  Pink- 
stan  James,  Physician  Extraordinary  to  the 
Prince  Regent,  died  at  the  novelist's  house 
near  Evreux,  July  14,  1830. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SIMSON  AND  DRUMMOND. — The  Rev. 
Matthew  Simson  (born  1675,  d.  May  20, 
1756)  ordained  to  Pentaitland,  Sept.  10, 
1705,  translated  to  Fala,  1742,  married, 
March  1709,  Alison  (born  1686,  died  1736), 
5th  dau.  of  Adam  Drummond,  9th  Baron  of 
Lennoch  and  2nd  Baron  of  Megginch,  by 

Alison  Hay  his  wife,  dau  of Hay  of 

Haystoun,  and  had,  with  other  issue  known 
to  me  : — 

Adam,  a  Lieut.,  smothered  in  the  black 
hole  of  Calcutta,  June  18,  1756. 

James. 

Colin,  who  went  to  India. 

Whom  did  they  marry  and  are  any  of 
their  descendants  living  ?  Please  reply  direct. 
JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

CAMPBELL:  FORBES  JOHNSTON  :  HANKEY. 
— I  should  be  glad  of  any  information  as 
to  the  careers  of  the  following  officers  after 
they  left  Ceylon: — 

1.  Lieut. -Col.    James    Campbell    of    the 
45th  Foot,  author  of    'Excursions,  Adven- 
tures ana  Field  Sports  in  Ceylon,'  published 
in  London,  1843. 

2.  Major  Jonathan    Forbes,    78th   High- 
landers, author  of  '  Eleven  Years  in  Ceylon,' 
London,  1840. 

3.  Major  Arthur   Johnston,    19th    Foot, 
author  of    '  A  Narrative  of  the  Operations 
of    a     Detachment    in     an    Epedition     to 
Candy    in  the   Island   of  Ceylon    in    1804,' 
London,   1810. 

4.  Sir  Frederick  Hankey,  G.  C.  M.  G.,  some- 
time of  the  51st  and  19th  Regiments. 

None  of  these  appear  in  the  'D.N.B.' 
•  PENRY  LEWIS. 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  15, 1921. 


LIGHT  AND  DARK  A  HEADPIECE. — Many 
books  of  no  tab1  e  interest  or  instruction 
published  during  the  period  1570-1641 
have  on  the  title-page,  or  elsewhere,  a  head- 
piece in  which  a  light  A  (left)  end  dark  A 
(right)  are  conspicuous.  What  is  the  origin 
of  the  device,  and  what  interpretation  can 
be  placed  upon  this  emblem  ? 

R.  L.  EAGLE. 
19  Burghill  Road,  Sydenham,  S.E.26. 

TULCHAN  BISHOPS. — What  are  they  ?  In 
what  countries  are  they  found.  I.  F. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.— 

I  should  be  grateful  to  any  reader  of  *N.  &  Q.' 

who  would  tell  me  the  names  of  the  authors  of  the 

following : — 

1.  From  'December  and  January,'  an  article  in 
Blackwood,  February,  1886. 

"  Though  to-morrow,  in  the  experience  of  most  of 
us,  has  generally  turned  put  to  be  very  like  yester- 
day, it  is  never  necessarily  so,  and  the  heart  that 
can  still  believe  in  to-morrow  is  the  strength  of 
humanity,  and  the  hope  of  the  world." 

2.  A  novel  entitled  '  The  Old  (or  Odd  ?)  Farm- 
house.' H.  E.  G.  E. 


JOHN  THORNTON  OF  COVENTRY, 

AND  THE  GREAT  EAST  WINDOW  OF 

YORK  MINSTER. 

(12  S.  vii.  481.) 

IN  the  course  of  his  very  interesting  paper 
upon  John  Thornton  of  Coventry,  MR. 
KNOWLES  raises  several  points  which  call 
for  particular  comment. 

1.  He  is  correct  in  stating  that  previous 
to  1405,  nothing  is  known  of  John  Thornton 
except  that  he  was  "of  Coventry."  It  is 
quite  evident  from  the  details  given  in  the 
contract  with  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
York,  that  he  was  a  master  glazier.  But 
it  is  also  at  least  permissible  to  suggest  that 
prior  to  1405,  he  had  been  employed  at 
Coventry  rather  than  at  Nottingham.  It 
must  be  remembered  that,  until  the  dissolu- 
tion of  monasteries,  Coventry  was  a  town 
of  great  importance.  In  addition  to  its 
Benedictine  Abbey,  and  several  stately 
churches,  it  was  the  home  of  numerous 
wealthy  merchants  whose  trading  Guilds 
were  amongst  the  foremost  in  the  land.* 


*  For  an  interesting  account  of  Coventry, 
past  and  present,  refer  Dr.  Button's  '  Highways 
and  Byways  in  Shakespeare's  Country.' 


Such  a  town  as  this  would  be  sure  to- 
number  glass-painters  amongst  its  popula- 
tion. John  Aubrey,  the  Wiltshire  antiquary, 
(1626-1697)  tells  us  that  when  a  schoolboy 
at  Blandford  in  Dorset,  he  used  to  visit  the 
shop  and  furnaces  of  "  old  Harding,  the  only 
countrey  glasse-painter  that  ever  I  knew 
though  before  the  Reformation  there  was  no 
county  or  great  town  but  had  its  glass  - 
painters."  Harding  died  c.  1643,  aged 
83  or  more. 

If  a  small  town  like  Blandford  could  still 
find  work  for  a  glass -painter  at  a  time  when 
the  art  was  thought  but  little  of,  what  must 
have  been  the  position  of  affairs  in  Coventry 
during  the  fifteenth  century,  when  painted 
glass  was  in  ever  increasing  demand,  andl 
when  great  abbeys,  priories,  and  churches- 
were  being  erected  both  in  the  town,  and 
in  the  country  round  about  ? 

2.  MR.   KNOWLES  has  mistaken  the  pur- 
port of  a  statement  on  page  20  of  my  book 
*  Ancient    Glass    in    Winchester. '    I    merely 
ventured  to  suggest  that  John  Thornton  of 
Coventry  might  be  identical  with  one  John 
Coventre  who  as  a  "  clorour  and  jcynour  '* 
was    employed   upon   the   King's   works   at 
Westminster  in  1352-3.     I  did  not  suggest 
that  he  was  a  son.     This  tentative  theory  is,, 
however,     effectually     disproved     by     MR. 
KNOWLES 's    further    statement    that    John 
Thornton    was    still    alive    in  1433.     This, 
assuming   him    to    be    identical   with    John 
Coventre    (who    must    have    been    at    least 
18  years  of  age  in  1352),  would  make  him 
close  upon  100  in  1433.     Certainly  he  would' 
be    past    taking    much    interest    in    glass- 
painting. 

As  MR.  KNOWLES  brings  forward  no- 
documentary  evidence  in  support  of  his 
theory  that  John  Thornton  was  a  son  of 
John  Coventre,  it  is  naturally  impossible  to- 
deal  further  with  the  point  at  present,  but 
it  may  be  added  that  Thornton's  name  does 
not  appear  either  amongst  the  glaziers 
employed  at  Westminster  in  1351  and  1352  ; 
or  amongst  the  few  men  mentioned  in  the 
fabric  rolls  of  Windsor  as  late  as  1367. 

3.  MR.    KNOWLES 's    suggestion   that    the 
work  of  glazing  the  Royal  Chapels  at   St. 
Stephen's,    Westminster,    and    at    Windsor,, 
was    "rushed   through"    by   means   of   im- 
pressed  labour,  is  certainly  not    borne  out 
by    the    fabric    rolls    of     Windsor    Castle. 
These  fabric  rolls  are  quoted  at  great  length 
by  the  late  Sir  William  St.  John  Hope  in  his 
magnificent     book     upon     Windsor     Castle 
[from  which  much  of  the  following  informa- 
tion is  taken). 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  is,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


The  glaziers,  some  thirty  in  all,  were 
certainly  impressed  from  various  parts  of 
England.  On  the  other  hand  they  were 
paid  good  wages,  the  master  glaziers 
receiving  7s.  a  week  each,  and  the  lesser 
grades  in  proportion  to  their  tasks,  while 
they  were  allowed  a  fortnight's  holiday  at 
Whitsuntide. 

The  work  of  glazing  the  windows  of 
St.  Stephen's  Chapel  at  Westminster  appears 
to  have  lasted  from  June  20  to  Nov.  28,  1351, 
and  early  in  March,  1352,  the  craftsmen 
commenced  work  upon  the  glass  intended 
for  Windsor,  which,  in  turn,  was  finished  by 
Michaelmas  of  that  year. 

The  completed  panels  were  not  inserted 
in  the  windows  of  the  Castle  Chapel  and 
Chapter-house  until  the  next  year,  as  may 
be  proved  by  the  following  entries  in  the 
fabric  rolls  for  the  week  beginning,  Mar.  18, 
1353  :— 

Paid  for  18  elm  boards  for  making  boxes 
for  carrying  the.  panels  of  glass  from 
Westminster  to  Windsor  . .  . .  3" 

36  elm  boards  of  the  same,  a  piece  4d      . .       12"  8U 
Carriage  of  the  same  from  London  to 
Westminster       . .  . .  . .  . .  51 

for  Hay  and  Straw  to  put  in  the  boxes  14d 

300  nails  for    making    the    said    boxes  12d 

whilst  there  is  a  further  payment  of  18s. 
to  John  Talwych  for  freightage  of  his 
'shout  "  or  sailing  barge,  carrying  6  boxes 
of  glass  from  Westminster  to  Windsor. 

It  should  also  be  pointed  out  that  im- 
pressment of  labour  was  not  confined  to 
these  few  glaziers.  Between  1350  and  1377 
King  Edward  III.  carried  out  very  extensive 
building  operations  at  Windsor,  during 
which  several  successive  Clerks  of  the  Works 
were  appointed  (amongst  them  William  of 
Wykeham,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester). Each  of  these  officials  was  given 
power  to  impress  men  and  set  them  to  work 
upon  the  King's  works  at  Windsor. 

The  same  practice  still  prevailed  in  later 
reigns.  Thus  in  1390  Letters  Patent  were 
granted  to  Geoffrey  Chaucer,  Esq.,  Clerk 
of  the  King's  Works  in  the  Palace  of  West- 
minster, the  Tower  of  London,  and  else- 
where, authorizing  him  to  choose  and  set 
to  work  masons,  carpenters,  and  other 
workmen  about  the  necessary  repairs  of 
"Our  Collegiate  Chapel  of  St.  George 
within  our  Castle  of  Windsor  "  ;  whilst  in 
1472  King  Edward  IV.  granted  similar  powers 
to  "  our  dearly  loved  cousin  the  venerable 
father  in  God,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Salisbury, 
Master  Surveyor  of  the  King's  works 
at  Windsor."  Nor  was  this  power  of 


impressing  labour  entirely  confined  to  home- 
service,  in  1370  William  Wynford,  one  of 
the  Royal  masons,  was  ordered  to  retain 
workmen  for  the  King's  works  "beyond  the 
Seas."* 

Again  we  find  King  Henry  V.  on  hi& 
second  expedition  to  France  in  1416  au- 
thorizing Thomas  Morstede,  his  only  Army 
surgeon,  forcibly  to  impress  as  many  surgeons 
as  he  needed,  together  with  a  suitable  number 
of  mechanics  for  the  making  of  surgical 
appliances  and  to  embark  them  in  the  port 
of  Rye.f 

Previously  to  this  the  King  had  asked  the 
London  Corporation  of  Surgeons  to  supply 
him  with  a  dozen  volunteers  for  the  use  of 
his  Army  and  it  was  upon  their  failure  to 
comply  with  his  wishes  that  he  resorted  to- 
to  drastic  measures. 

4.  MR.  KNOWLES'S  concluding  suggestion 
that  the  east  window  of  Great  Malvern 
Priory  representing  the  Passion  of  our  Lord 
is  probably  a  later  work  of  John  Thornton's, 
may  easily  be  tested  by  a  single  reference 
to  the  St.  William  window  at  York  Minster 
with  which  he  compares  it.  A  panel  i  from  the 
latter  window  depicting  Robert  and  Richard, 
two  sons  of  the  donor  (William,  seventh 
Baron  de  Ros)  and  his  wife  Margaret,  shews 
that  the  canopy  shaft  is  enriched  with  a 
small  figure  standing  on  a  base  beneath  a 
projecting  canopy.  This  is  a  very  common 
characteristic  of  the  York  school  of  glass- 
painting  but  does  not  appear  in  the  east 
window  of  Great  Malvern  Priory. 

JOHN  D.  LE  COTJTEUB. 
Winchester. 


BOTTLE-SLIDER  (12  S.  vii.  471,  516; 
viii.  37). — The  large  ornate  plated  specimens^ 
with  florid  mounts  must  have  been  con- 
temporary with  the  introduction  of  heavily 
cut  glass  decanters  with  which  they  were- 
formerly  used.  They  were  also  manu- 
factured in  silver,  inlaid  wood  and  japanned 
ware — to-day,  almost  invariably  made  in 
electro- plate  when  for  hotel  use.  They  are 
described  as  "bottle  trays,"  or  "bottle 
stands  "  in  the  old  Sheffield  makers'  pattern 


*  '  A  History  of  Winchester  College,'  p.  109, 
A.  F.  Leach,  F.S.A. 

t  This  incident  is  graphically  depicted  in  The 
Illustrated  London  News  for  Sept.  6,  1913,  by 
Mr.  A.  Forestier  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for 
several  interesting  particulars. 

J  The  panel  in  question  is  illustrated  in  the 
Handbook  on  Stained  Glass,  published  by  the- 
South  Kensington  Museum  (p.  64,  fig.  43). 


54 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.  JAN.  is,  1921. 


T^ooks  of  the  eighteenth  and  early  nineteenth 
centuries.  One  firm  alone  illustrates  one 
hundred  and  five  varieties  between  the 
years  1788  and  1815. 

Some  years  ago  I  recollect  being  shown  at 
one  of  the  Oxford  colleges  a  miniature  kind 
of  railway  line  on  which  ran  a  pair  of 
coasters  in  form  of  a  wagon  with  wheels, 
made  of  old  Sheffield  plate,  holding  two 
decanters.  Whilst  sitting  round  the  hearth 
after  dinner,  in  this  manner  the  Fellows 
could  circulate  the  bottles  by  pushing  the 
wagon  up  and  down  the  rail  without  leaving 
•their  seats.  F.  BRADBURY. 

Sheffield. 

BEVERLY  WHITING  (12  S.  viii.  11). 
Beverly  Whiting  was  admitted  to  the  Middle 
Temple  on  Sept.  8,  1722,  as  the  son  and  heir 
of  Henry  Whiting  (American  Historical 
Review,  vol.  xxv.  p.  683).  He  afterwards 
Ibecame  the  godfather  ef  George  Washington 
(Howe's  'Historical  Collections  of  Virginia,' 
p.  509).  Further  particulars  about  him  and 
JKis  family  may  be  found  in  a  '  Memoir  of 
Rev.  Samuel  Whiting,  D.D.,  and  his  wife 
"Elizabeth  St.  John,'  by  William  Whiting, 
former  President  of  N.  E.  Hist.  Geneal. 
Society,  Boston,  1871. 

C.  E.  A.  BE  DWELL. 

Middle  Temple  Library,  E.G. 

CHRISTIAN  WEGERSLOFF  (12  S.  vii.  231).— 
A  man  bearing  these  names,  doubtless  the 
cfather  of  the  Westminster  boy,  petitioned 
for  naturalization  in  the  12th  of  Will.  III.  ; 
he  had  then  been  living  for  seventeen  years 
in  London  and  the  suburbs  ;  see  Huguenot 
Society  Publications,  vol.  xviii,  p.  300. 

J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

Louis  NAPOLEON  :  POETICAL  WORKS  (12  S" 
vii.  490  ;  viii.  14). — The  David  Bogue  publi- 
cation is  not  a  "translation  of  a  selection  " 
of  the  occasional  sonnets,  songs,  and  epi- 
grams of  Louis  Napoleon.  It  is  a  political 
skit  directed  against  the  Prince,  who  at  the 
.time  of  its  publication  was  in  the  transition 
stage  from  President  to  Emperor.  David 
Bogue 's  name  on  the  title-page  is  followed 
l>y  the  announcement  that  the  book  "may 
be  had  of  all  French  booksellers  who  have  a 
weakness  for  Cayenne,"  and  the  "preface 
t>y  the  translator  "  quotes  a  decree  of  the 
Prince  President  "done  at  the  Ely  see,  this 
1st  of  April."  The  full  title  is  'The  Poetic 
Works  of  Louis  Napoleon  now  first  done 
into  plain  English.'"  There  are  ninety-five 
small  woodcut  illustrations,  the  source 
of  which  is  not  stated.  Most  of  these  were 


used  again  twenty  years  later  by  John 
Camden  Hotten  in  '  Napoleon  III.  from  the 
Popular  Caricatures  of  the  last  Thirty  Years. ' 

F.  H.  C. 

REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES  : 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8,  34). 
The  Public  Library  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne 
and  the  Library  of  the  Lit.  and  Phil,  of 
Newcastle,  are  pretty  good  for  local  works 
(but  not  perfect).  Two  splendid  libraries 
of  local  works  (of  the  late  M.  Mackey  and  tl 
late  R.  Welford)  have  recently  been  dis- 
persed. Sunderland  Public  Library  is  fairly 
good  for  Sunderland  printed  works,  and 
Darlington  Public  Library  for  works  relating 
to  that  town.  Probably  the  best  private 
Durham  library  is  that  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Fawcett 
of  Consett  (one  of  your  correspondents) 
which  in  1915  numbered  over  15,000  printed 
volumes  of  which  some  5,000  were  local 
(North  country)  works.  Besides  these  it 
had  over  10,000  charters,  deeds,  &c.  (copies 
and  originals)  relating  to  Durham,  North- 
umberland, &c.  BESSIE  GREENWELL. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

JOHN  HUGHES  OF  LIVERPOOL,  1706  (12  S. 
viii.  12). — Presumably  the  transcript  "in 
Mason's  characters  "  refers  to  the  shorthand 
of  William  Mason,  the  famous  stenographer 
(see  'D.N.B.').  Little  light  can  be  thrown 
on  the  identity  of  John  Hughes.  In  1705 
and  1708  "Mr.  John  Hughes  "  had  a  sugar 
warehouse  in  John  Street  and  a  he  use  in  Lord 
Street,  Liverpool.  In  1727  one  of  the  name 
was  Mayor.  In  1719  J.  H.,  mariner,  was 
overseer  of  the  poor  ;  in  1726  sidesman  and 
in  1727  churchwarden,  of  the  Parish  Church. 
Possibly  this  was  the  transcriber.  If  so, 
his  will  was  proved  at  Chester,  1739,  and  he 
may  have  been  a  son  of  Moses  Hughes,  of 
Water  Street,  buried  at  St.  Nicholas'  Church, 
Jan.  27,  1712,  will  proved  at  Chester,  1713. 

R,  S.  B. 

HAMBLEY  HOUSE,  STREATHAM  (12  S* 
viii.  11). — In  the  early  years  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  Streatham  possessed  a  num- 
ber of  schools.  J.  Hassell  in  '  Picturesque 
Rides  and  Walks,'  published  1817,  says  : — 

"  The  air  of  Streatham  is  considered  very 
salubrious  and  healthful  and  being  a  pleasant 
and  convenient  distance  from  London,  is  par- 
ticularly desirable  for  the  placing  of  children 
and  advantageous  for  seeing  them,  being  only  an 
hour's  ride  from  the  bridges.  There  are  coaches 
to  this  village  three  times  a  day.  Fares  inside 
2.9.  6d.  ;  outside  1.9.  6d.  The  stages  go  from 
Gracechurch  Street  and  the  Ship,  Charing  Cross. 
There  are  also  the  Croydon  and  Brighton  coaches 


12  s.  viii.  JAN.  is,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


which  pass  through  the  village  every  hour  in  the 
•day  from  the  Elephant  and.  Castle,  Xewington 
Butts.... The  academies  of  Streatham  and  its 
•vicinage  have  long  been  reputed  as  first-class 
seminaries,  and  some  of  them  occupy  situations 
of  great  beauty." 

Hambley  House  Academy  was  situated 
on  the  High  Road  facing  the  west  side  of 
Streatham  Common  occupying  the  land 
between  the  present  No.  412  and  Barrow 
Road.  RORY  FLETCHER. 

MODE  OF  CONCLUDING  LETTERS  (2  S. 
x.  326,  376,  434,  501).— The  following  ex- 
amples, from  Parr's  'Life  of  Usher,'  1686, 
cover  a  period  of  almost  half-a-century  : — 

"Oo-draros,  Jac.  TJsseriiis,  1607,  1611. 
Ever  at  your  service,  Edward  Warren,  1610. 
Wishing  unto  you  as  unto  mine  own  self,  James 

Usber,  1611. 

Yours  as  his  own,  Thomas  Lydiat,  1611. 
Yours   in   all  Christian  Affection,   James   Usher, 

1613. 
Yours  ever  to  his  Power  in  the  Lord,  H.  Briggs, 

Yours  ,yery  loving  in  the  Lord,  Tobias  Ebora- 

censis,  1616. 
Yours  to  be  commanded  in  all  Christian  Duties, 

Thomas  Lydyat,  1616,  1617. 
Yours  in  Christ,  William  Crashaw,  1617(?). 
Your  poor  Friend,  Edward  Warren,  1617. 
Your  assured  loving  Friend,  Samuel  Ward,  1613. 
Your    truly    affectionate    and    faithful    Friend, 

Henry  Bourgchier,  1617. 
Y"our  true  affectionate  Friend,  while  I  am  Henry 

Bourgchier,  1617. 
Your  most  assured  loving  Friend  and  Brother, 

James  Usher,  1617,  1619. 

Your  most  loving  and  firm  Friend,  Id.,  1615. 
Your  true  and  devoted  Friend,  William  Camden, 

1618. 
Your  unfeigned  Well-wilier,  Alexander  Cook,  1614. 

To    Usher  when  Bishop  o/  Meath. 
Your  Lordships  to  be  commanded  in  the  Lord, 

^Thomas  Gataker,  1621. 
Y.  L.  most  affectionate  to  love  and  serve  you, 

William     Boswel,     1621      (from     Westminster 

Colledge). 

Y.  L.  to  be  commanded  [Sir]  Henry  Spelman,  1621. 
Y.  L.  humble  Servant,  J.  Selden/1621. 
Y.  L.  constant  and  assured  and  to  be  ever  com- 
manded    [Sir]     Robert     Cotton,     1622     (New 

Exchange). 

Y.  L,.  in  all  service,  Sanmel  Ward,  1622. 
Y.  L.  in  nil  duty,  Thomas  James,  1623. 
Y.  L.  in  all  observance,  Samuel  Ward,  1624,  1626. 
Y.  L.  in  all  practice,  Id.,  1624  (Much-mondon  and 

Cambridge). 
Y'.  L.   humble   Servant   to   his   Power,   Abraham 

Wheelock,  1625  (Clare-Hall). 

To   Usher  when  Archbishop  of  Armagh. 
Your  Grace's  in  all  Duty,  Thomas  James,  1625. 
Your  Lordships  in  what  he  may,  Samuel  Ward, 

^Earnestly  desirous  to  be  directed  by  your  Lord- 
ship, or  confirmed  in  the  Truth,  John  Cotton, 

I  1626.  (This  letter  was  written  from  Boston  in 
Lincolnshire  ;  and  seven  years  later  the  writer 
of  it-went  to  Boston,  New  England.) 


Y.  L.  ever  obliged,  Ralph  Skynner,  1624  (Wal- 

thamstow). 

Y.  L.  for  ever,  Samuel  Ward,  1626. 
Y.  L.  poor  welwiller,  A.  Cook,  1626. 
Your  Graces  in  all  Duty  to  be  commanded, 

Thomas  Davis,  1627  (Aleppo). 
Your  Lordships  ever  truly  assured,  to  honour  and 

serve  you,  J.  King,  1628  (Layfield). 
A  Servant  thereof  [i.e.,  of  your  Grace]  most  bound 

and     devoted     [Sir]     Henry     Spelman,     1628 

(Barbacan). 
Your  Lordships  unfeignedly  to   command,   Geo. 

Hakewill,  1628  (Exeter  Coll.). 
Whose  faithful  Servant  I  remain   Jo.   Prideaux, 

1628. 
Your  Graces  faithful  Servant,  Jo.  Philpot,  1629 

(Dublin). 
Your   Graces  loving  poor  Friend,   and   Brother, 

Guil.  London  [Laud],  1629. 
Your    Lordships    most    engaged    Servant,    Ger» 

Langbaine,  1647  (Queen's  Coll.). 
Yours  hi  the  Lord  ;  Yours,  to  use,  in  the  Lord  ; 

Yours   to    command    in    what   I    may,    Thorn. 

Wh  alley,  1653(?). 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 
Portland,  Oregon. 

ORDERS  AND  ORDINANCES  OF  THE  HOS- 
PITALS (12  S.  viii.  5). — A  good  example  of 
the  1552  edition,  produced  by  Rycharde 
Grafton,  abides  in  the  Guildhad  Library. 
It  is  some  years  since  I  handled  it,  but 
speaking  from  memory  it  is  distinctly  an 
original  impression  rather  than  a  reprint. 
The  size  is  small  octavo,  signatures  A1-  to  J8- 
in  eights,  unpaged,  black  letter.  Likely 
places  in  which  to  find  other  issues,  or 
reprints,  would  be  the  Bishopsgate  Institute 
and  St.  Bride's  Institute.  The.  very  limited 
demand  will  explain  the  small  number 
printed,  and  great  rarity  of  these  early 
official  publications. 

One  of  the  surest  clues  as  to  precise  age 
lies  in  the  paper  (and  watermarks,  if  any). 
Both  paper  and  press -work  in  Pepys's  time 
had  begun  their  downward  grade.  It  will  be 
noticed,  by  close  observation,  that  paper,  used 
for  official  city  publications,  in  the  sixteenth 
and  early  seventeenth  centuries,  if  not 
specially  white  in  tone,  was  of  good  honest 
rag  substance,  with  ample  tub  size.  Hence 
the  longevity  of  exemplars.  For  instance, 
compare  other  issues  of  the  kind,  to  be 
found  at  the  Guildhall  : — 

"  Decree  for  tythes  to  bee  payed.  lohn  Wolfe, 
1596."  8vo.  Black  letter. 

"  General  matters,  1600."     8vo.     Black  letter. 

"  Order  of  my  Lord  Maior,  Alderman  and 
Sheriffes  for  meetinges  and ...  .apparel  through- 
out the  yere.  lohn  Windet,  1604."  8vo. 
Black  letter. 

"  Lawes  of  the  market.  Wm  Jaggard,  1620." 
8vo.  Black  letter. 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  is,  1921. 


There  is  a  reason  for  the  conformity  of 
quality  which  marks  these  books.  The 
enviable  and  much-sought  office  of  "  official 
printer  to  the  city  "  was  given  only  to  work- 
men of  established  reputation.  Before  ap- 
pointment they  undertook  to  produce  good 
work  at  a  fair  price.  W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

I  possess  a  copy  of  this  scarce  work  in 
its  original  binding  (whole  leather)  in 
excellent  condition  with  a  preface  signed, 
Goodfellows,  which  belonged  to  my  grand- 
father, Ralph  Price,  Treasurer  of  Bridewell 
Hospital  in  1836.  In  the  beginning  is 
written,  "  very  scarce. " 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

'LIFE  IN  BOMBAY  '  (12  S.  viii.  29). —  Has 
been  attributed  to  James  Gray  ;  possibly  a 
son  of  James  Gray,  poet  and  linguist,  who 
died  in  India  in  1830,  where,  says  'The 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography,'  his 
family  mostly  settled — and  also  to  a  Miss 
Cormack.  The  lithographs  in  the  book  are 
from  drawings  by  the  author.  Do  these 
bear  any  name  (OT  initials)  other  than  that 
of  the  lithographers  ?  R.  B. 

LONDON  POSTMARKS  (12  S.  vii.  290, 
365 ;  viii.  18,  34).  —  One  of  the  most 
objectionable  of  these,  perhaps,  is  current 
at  the  present  time  for  ship-letters,  viz., 
"London:  Paquebot."  As  the  letters 
are  conveyed  on  English  vessels  surely 
the  older  form  "ship  letter  "  might  be 
preserved  in  place  of  the  mixture  o'f  lan- 
guages noted  above. 

English  postmarks,  too,  are  sadly  illegible 
— yet  those  from  abroad  (United  States  or 
Switzerland,  for  example)  are  clearly  arti- 
culated throughout  showing  what  can  be 
done.  R.  B. 

Upton, 

'THE  WESTERN  MISCELLANY,'  1775  AND 
1776  (12  S.  viii.  11).— Goadby's  publication 
circulated  in  several  counties  in  the  West  of 
England  (see  Western  Antiquary,  iii.  50), 
and  would  seem  to  have  borne  different 
titles  in  different  districts.  'The  Ter 
centenary  Hand-List  of  Newspapers  '  refer: 
to  it  as  The  Weekly  Miscellany,  and  mentions 
vols.  i.-v.,  vii.-xix.  (1773-83),  and  again  as 
The  Weekly  Entertainer ;  or  Agreeable  and 
Instructive  Repository,  &c.,  and  mentions 
vol.  iii.,  &c.,  1784-1818,  and  N.S.  1823-25. 
W.  S.  B.  H.  finds  it  called  The  Western 
Miscellany,  while  other  titles  are  Weekly 


Entertainer  for  Cornwall  and  Devon,  or  ili& 
Agreeable  and  Instructive  Repository  (1782- 
1815),  and  Weekly  Entertainer  and  West  of 
England  Miscellany  (1816). 

Goadby  himself  died  in  1778  (see  G.  C. 
Boase,  '  Collectanea  Cornubiensia,' col.  1429) 
and  a  memoir  cf  him  appeared  (so  it  is 
stated  at  8  S.  i.  393)  in  the  issue  of  Jan.  3r 
1820.  Goadby's  wife  (d.  1798)  may  have 
edited  the  paper  as  she  seems  to  have  been 
a  person  of  some  literary  ability,  if  it  be 
true  that  she  wrote  the  life  of  Bampfylde- 
Moore  Carew,  King  of  the  Beggars.  Some 
think,  however,  that  it  was  Goadby  who  was 
the  author  of  the  book  (see  Western  Anti- 
quary, vol.  vii.  p.  86  ;  see  also  '  The  Gypsy 
Bibliography,'  published  by  the  Gypsy  Lore 
Society  in  1914,  and  at  2  S.  iii.  4;  iv.  330, 
401,  522).  M. 

ENGLISH  VIEWS  BY  CANALETTO  (12  S. 
vii.  448). — A  few  years  ago  a  most  interesting 
collection  of  paintings  of  Old  London  by 
Canaletto,  Scott,  and  Boydell  were  sold  at 
Christie's,  King  Street,  St.  James's  Square.. 
Many  of  these  were  purchased  by  the  late 
Mr.  'Henry  Andrade  Harben,  a  good  and 
enthusiastic  London  collector,  son  of  the 
late  Sir  Henry  Harben,  first  Mayor  of 
Hampstead. 

Mr.  Harben  bequeathed  a  number  of  these 
to  the  London  County  Council,  of  which- 
bcdy  he  had  been  a  member.  Some  of  them 
were  hung  in  various  parts  of  the  Council's 
offices  at  Spring  Gardens  and  I  think 
I  recollect  one  of  old  Westminster  Bridge 
being  among  them. 

I  hope  this  information  may  be  useful  to 
MRS.  HILDA  F.  FINBERG,  and  that  it  may  be- 
worth  investigating  further. 

E.  E.  NEWTON. 

Hampstead,  Upminster,  Essex. 

CHARTULARIES  (12  S.  vii.  330,  414).— Gross 
( '  Sources  and  literature  of  English  History 
from  the  earliest  times  to  about  1485/ 
London,  2nd  edn.,  1915)  gives  a  lot  of  infor- 
mation with  regard  to  these,  both  published 
and  unpublished.  The  manuscript  index 
volumes  in  the  Manuscript  Room  at  the 
British  Museum  are  specially  arranged  under 
this  heading  and  are  drawn  up  with  ad- 
mirable clearness.  I  would  recommend 
Dr.  Howe  to  make  friends  with  the  autho- 
rities there.  k  j*.  i 

The  Beaulieu  Chartulary  is  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Duke  of  Portland ;  a  MS.  tran- 
script by  Harbin  (eighteenth  century), 
collated  with  the  original  in  1831  by  Sir 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  15, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


Frederick  Madden,  is  at  the  British  Museum 
(Harl.  6603).     It  has  never  been  published. 

For  Montacute  see  Somerset  Record 
Society's  publications.  A  query  addressed 
to  the  Editor  of  Somerset  and  Dorset  Notes 
•and  Queries  (Witham  Frary,  Bath)  would 
'be  sure  to  be  answered. 

It  is  certainly  high  time  that  a  "  biblio- 
graphv  of  existing  monastic  records  "  was 
compiled.  Will  not  Dr.  Howe  himself  fill 
•the  gap  ?  If  our  provincial  archaeological 
•societies  would  undertake  bibliographical 
work  of  this  kind  they  would  be  fulfilling  a 
useful  purpose.  What  is  needed  to-day  is 
not  the  piling  up  of  raw  material  but  the 
making  accessible  of  what  already  exists 
unknown  to  students.  This  can  only  be 
done  through  the  bibliographies  and  indices 
geographic  ally  arranged. 

O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD. 
Hon.  Se.c.,  Congress  of  Archaeological 
Societies. 

XENSJ-NGTON  GRAVEL  AT  VERSAILLES  (12  S. 
viii.  30). — MR.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS  will  find 
•copious  references  to  the  Kensington  gravel 
t>its  in  vol.  v.  of  Walford's  'Old  and  New 
London,'  at  pp.  178  et  seq. 

WlLLOUGHBY   MAYCOCK. 

One  of  the  largest  of  the  Kensington 
gravel  pits,  was  near  Church  Street,  Ken- 
sington. The  site  is  now  covered  by 
Sheffield,  Vicarage,  Berkley,  Inverness, 
Brunswick  and  Courtland  Gardens.  Another 
is  marked  on  Rocque's  map,  1754,  a  little 
north  of  Kensington  Palace,  and  in  the 
same,  the  part  of  "Netting  Hill,  High  Street, 
where  it  is  joined  by  Church  Street,  is 
marked  "  Gravel  Pits. "  I  have,  many  years 
ago,  seen  letters  for  the  neighbourhood  of 
Campden  House,  addressed  "  Kensington 
Gravel  Pits."  Pepvs  ('Diary,'  June  4, 
1666)  refers  to  "walking  through  the  Park 
and  seeing  hundreds  of  people  listening  at 
the  Gravel  Pits  "  to  the  sound  of  the 
guns  of  the  fleet  during  the  sea"-  fight 
with  De  Ruvter. 

|W.  H.  WHITEAR,  F.R.Hist.S. 

JLewis's  'Topographical  Dictionary,' 1835, 
states  that  what  it  calls  the  "  village  "  of 
Kensington  was  "amt>lv  supplied  with 
water  by  the  Wast  Midilesex  Company, 
who  have  a  spacious  reservoir  at  Kensing- 
ton Gravel  Pits,  elevated  more  than  120 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  Thames." 

ST.   S  WITHIN. 


THE  GLOMERY  (12  S.  viii.  29). — The  late 
A.  F.  Leach  in  'The  Schools  of  Medieval 
England,'  speaking  of  Cambridge  in  1276, 
says : — 

"  As  between  the  grammar  school  master  and 
the  chancellor  and  archdeacon,  the  decision  was 
that  the  master  of  glomery,  as — by  a  curious 
corruption  of  the  word  grammar  he  was  called — 
had  the  jurisdiction  in  all  suits  in  which  the 
glomericules  (glomerelli),  or  grammar  school  boys, 
were  defendants  "  (p.  157). 

And  the  accounts  of  the  Merton  College 
Grammar  School  (beginning  1277)  : — 

"  show  that  instead  of  the  term  Magister  Glomerise 
being,  as  stated  by  Dr.  Rashdall  in  his  '  History 
of  Universities,'  a  '  wholly  peculiar  Cambridge 
institution,'  it  was  in  use  at  Oxford.  The  fact  is 
that  the  word  "  glomery  "  is  merely  a  familiar 
corruption  of  the  word  '  grammar,'  and  was  in 
use  not  only  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  but  at 
Orleans  and  Salisbury  and  no  doubt  elsewhere  ; 
the  word  '  glomerelli,'  for  small  grammar  boys, 
being  found  at  Bury  St.  Edmunds  "  (pp.  171-2). 

On  p.  180,  Mr.  Leach,  speaking  of  four- 
teenth-century Oxford,  says  : — 

"  These  superintending  masters  [two  M.A.s 
yearly  elected  to  superintend  the  grammar 
schools]  correspond  to  the  Master  of  Glomery  at 
Cambridge,  a  term  in  use  there  as  late  as  1540. 
There  being  only  one  at  Cambridge,  instead  of 
two  as  at  Oxford,  points  to  a  less  number  of 
grammar  schools  and  schoolmasters." 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

For  a  brief  account  of  the  office  and 
function  of  the  Master  of  the  Glomery  in 
Cambridge  University,  the  following  from 
Mr.  R.  S.  Rait's  'Life  in  the  Medieval 
University  '  may  be  of  service  to  R.  B.  : — 

"  The  degrees  which  Oxford  and  Cambridge 
conferred  in  grammar  did  not  involve  residence  or 
entitle  the  recipients  to  a  vote  in  Convocation, 
but  the  conferment  was  accompanied  by  cere- 
monies which  were  almost  parodies  of  the  solemn 
proceedings  of  graduation  or  inception  in  a 
recognized  Faculty,  a  birch,  taking  the  place  of  a 
book,  as  a  symbol  of  the  power  and  authority 
entrusted  to  the  master.  A  sixteenth-century 
Esquire  Bedel  of  Cambridge  left  for  the  benefit 
of  his  successors  details  of  the  form  for  '  enteryng 
of  a  master  in  Gramer.'  The  '  Father  '  of  the 
Faculty  of  Grammar  (at  Cambridge  the  mys- 
terious individual  known  as  the  '  Master  of 
Glomery ')  brought  his  '  sons  '  to  St.  Mary's 
Church  for  eight  o'clock  mass.  '  When  mass  is 
done  fyrst  shall  begynne  the  Acte  in  Gramer. 
The  Father  shall  have  hys  sete  made  before  the 
Stage  for  Physyke  [one  of  the  platforms  erected 
in  the  church  for  doctors  of  the  different  faculties, 
etc.}  and  shall  sytte  alofte  under  the  stage  for 
Physyke.  The  Proctour  shall  say.  Incepiatis. 
When  the  Father  hath  argyude  as  shall  plese  the 
Proctour,  the  Bedeyll  in  Arte  shall  bring  the 
Master  of  Gramer  to  the  Vyce-chancelar,  delyver- 
yng  hym  a  Palmer  wyth  a  Rodde,  whych  the 
vyce-chancelar  shall  gyve  to  the  seyde  master 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  15, 1921. 


•in  Gramer  and  so  create  hym  Master.  Then  shall 
the  Bedell  purvay  for  every  Master  in  Gramer  a 
shrewde  Boy,  whom  the  Master  in  Gramer  shall 
bete  openlye  in  the  Scolys,  and  the  Master  in 
Gramer  shall  give  the  Boy  a  Grote  for  Hys 
Labour,  and  another  grote  to  hym  that  provydeth 
and  the  Palmer,  &c.  de  sigulis.  And  thus 
endythe  the  Acte  in  that  Facultye.'  " 

We    know    of    the    existence    of    similar 

ceremonies  at  Oxford.     The  degree  was  not  a 

popular  one  ;  very  few  names  are  mentioned 

in  the  University  register  of  either  University. 

F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

116  Arran  Road,  Catford,  S.E.6. 

"To  OUTRUN  THE  CONSTABLE  "  (12  S. 
viii.  29). — This  expression  doubtless  owes 
its  origin  to  Smollett  who  in  '  Roderick 
Random  '  says  : — 

"  Harkee,  my  girl,  now  far  have  you  overrun 
the  Constable?  I  told  him  that  the  debt 
amounted  to  eleven  pounds." 

WlLLOUGHBY   MAYCOCK. 

It  appears  from  the  'New  English  Dic- 
tionary '  that  this  phrase,  with  the  meaning 
of  spending  more  money  than  one  has,  was 
used  much  earlier  than  Stevenson  and 
Besant.  Brewster  in  his  '  Dictionary  of 
Phrase  and  Fable  '  explains  the  phrase  by 
saying,  "  The  constable  arrests  debtors  and 
of  course  represents  the  creditor  ;  wherefore 
to  overrun  the  constable  is  to  overrun  your 
credit  account."  G.  F.  R.  B. 

Yes,  people  used  to  talk  of  doing  that  in 
the  last  century.  Perhaps  their  expenditure 
led  them  into  excesses,  beyond  those  with 
which  a  parish  constable  could  deal.  The 
expression  may  have  originated  on  the 
stage  as  many  others  have  that  are  now 
almost  unintelligible  from  want  of  context. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

To  overdraw  one's  banking  account,  or 
spend  without  caution.  This  is  the  usual 
meaning,  and  though  Shakespeare  did  not 
use  the  proverb,  a  phrase  in  'Macbeth' 
illustrates  it :  "To  outrun  the  pauser,  reason. " 
There  is  another  possible  meaning  of  the 
saying,  whereby  in  outrunning  the  police- 
man you  could  secure  safety,  instead  of 
losing  it.  Old  Bell  Yard,  Fleet  Street,  at 
one  time,  had  nearly  two  scores  of  taverns, 
each  with  a  "bolt-hole"  at  the  rear. 
Some  of  the  drinkers  there,  up  to  the  eyes 
in  debt,  at  a  given  warning,  drinking- vessels 
in  hand,  would  sally  forth  down  the  back 
yards,  and  so  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of 
Fleet  Prison  bailiffs,  ever  on  the  prowl  for 
victims. 


In  Scotland  "constable  "  is  the  name  o£ 
a  very  large  tumbler  or  glass  goblet,  out 
of  which  a  guest  is  compelled,  to  drink  should 
he  fail  to  consume  less  than  the  average 
drink  of  the  assembled  company.  At  the- 

Radish  feast  "  on  May  12,  celebrated  at 
Levens  Hall,  near  Kendal,  each  visitor 
stands  on  one  leg  only,  gives  the  toast  : 
"  Luck  to  Levens  as  long  as  the  Kent  flows," 
and  then  drains  the  large  glass  "  constable  " 
(see  at  5  S.  viii.  248). 

If  he  requires  the  "  constable  "  recharged, 
the  chances  are  he  won't  repeat  the  feat  on 
one  leg,  in  which  case  he  would  "  outrun  the 
constable. "  W.  JAGGABD,  Capt.  - 

MATTHEW  PARIS  (12  S.  viii.  28). — The 
passage  asked  for  is  in  the  'Chronica 
Major  a,'  under  the  vear  1243,  on  pp.  279y 
280,  vol  iv.  of  Dr.  H".  R.  Luard's  Edition  in 
the  Rolls  series.  The  occasion  is  a  contro- 
versy between  the  Dominicans  and  Francis- 
cans. 

"  Et  quod  terribile  est,  et  in  triste  praesagium, 
per  trecentos  annos,  vel  quadrirgentos,  vel 
amplius,  ordo  Monasticus  tarn  festinanter  non 
cepit  praecipitium,  sicut  eorum  ordo,  quorum, 
fratres,  jam  vix  transactis  viginti  quatuor  annis, 
primas  in  Anglia  construxere  mansiones,  quarum 
aedificia  jam  in  regales  surgunt  altitudines. 
Hi  jam  sunt,  qui  in  sumptuosis  et  diatim  ampliatis 
aedificiis,  et  celsis  muralibus,  thesauros  exponunt 
impreciabiles,  paupertatis  limites  et  basim  suae 
professionis,  juxta  prophetiam  Hyldegardis  Ale- 
manniae,  impudenter  transgredientes." 

On  comparing  this  with  the  English 
version  that  was  quoted  it  will  be  seen  that 
"hardly  forty, "  ought  to  be  "  hardly  twenty- 
four, "  and  that  the  Latin  adverb  qualifying 
the  last  word  of  the  extract  is  not  impru- 
denter,  but  impudenter. 

Dr.  Luard  notes  that  this  passage,  with 
what  follows  about  the  extortions  of  the- 
friars  from  the  dying,  has  been  erased  in 
the  original  MS.  at  Corpus  Christi  College. 
Cambridge,  and  that  his  text  is  here  supplied 
from  the  Cottonian  copy. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THE  OLD  HORSE  GUARDS  BUILDINGS 
(12  S.  vii.  232,  258). — A  note  in  The  General 
Advertiser  of  Oct.  16,  1749,  states  that  the 
old  Horse  Guards  building  was  to  be  pulled 
down  that  winter. 

The  same  paper  (Oct.  12,  1750),  states  that 

"  yesterday  a  free  Passage  was  opened  under  the 
new  Stone  Arch  at  the  Horse  Guards,  for  Coaches, - 
&c.,  into  St.  James'  Park." 

The  present  building  must  therefore  have 
been  well  on  the  way  to  completion  at  that 
date.  •  A.  H.  S. 


12  s.  vm.  JAN.  is,  1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE  BRITISH  IN  CORSICA  (12  S.  viii.  10, 
35).  —  I  cannot  find  that  there  was  any 
British  occupation  of  Corsica  in  1745  or  in 
1814.  In  1794  it  was  captured.  General 
Sir  David  Dundas  was  in  command  of  the 
British  Force.  A  full  account  of  the  opera- 
tions is  given  in  Sir  John  Moore's  '  Diary,' 
vol.  i.,  published  in  1904,  by  Edward  Arnold. 

J.  H.  LESLIE. 

GASPAR  BARLAEUS  (12  S.  vii.  431,  513).— 
It  may  be  of  interest  that  the  original  manu- 
script of  his  '  Poemata  '  was  sold  in  1859  by 
Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  when  the  manu- 
script library  of  Dawson  Turner,  Esq.,  of 
Great  Yarmouth  was  dispersed.  Its  official 
description  is  thus  given  :  — 

"  No.  34.  Barlaeus  (Caspar)  Poemata  et 
Epistolae  Latinae  ;  half  morocco,  folio,  pp.  40, 
1636,  &c." 

It  was  bought  by  one  Boone,  and  fetched 
14s.  Sd.  WILFRED  J.  CHAMBERS. 

Clancarty,  Regent  Road,  Lowestoft. 


(12  S.  vii.  311).  —  This  must 
be  the  game  of  shovelboard  which  is  fully 
described  at  10  S.  vii.  403.  At  9  S.  ii.  187 
it  is  stated  that  to  huddle  means  to  make  a 
winning  cast  at  shovelboard. 

F.  JESSEL. 

WARWICKSHIRE  SAYINGS  (12  S.  vii.  67, 
156,  198).  —  The  Somerset  version  of  N.  2  at 
the  first  reference  is  :  — 

Friday  cut  hair  and  Sunday  cut  horn, 
Better  a  man  had  never  been  born. 

M.  N.  O. 

GOLD  BOWL  GIFT  OF  GEORGE  I.  (12  S. 
vii.  450,  514).  —  Many  thanks  to  MR.  PRES- 
COTT  Row  for  his  answer  re  Bowl.  It  is 
really  a  bowl  not  cup  ;  it'  measures  in  dia- 
meter 10£  in.,  height  6£  in.  The  inscription 
on  it  is  :  — 

"  The  gift  of  his  Majesty  King  George  to 
hia  Godson,  George  Lamb.  Anno  Domini,  1723.'' 
On  the  reverse  side  are  the  Royal  arms. 

E.  C.  WIENHOLT. 

EDWARD  DIXON  (12  S.  vii.  349)  was  born 
at  Halton,  near  Leeds  (s.  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  D.),  Mar.  25,  1778.  He  must  have 
lived  at  Halton  for  some  years  as  his  son 
George  Dixon  was  also  born  there  circa  1807. 
This  George  had  a  son  Edward,  b.  Apr.  21, 
1828,  at  Chapeltown  Road,  Leeds,  and 
dying  Aug.  26,  1900,  at  Scarborough,  buried 
iii  S.  Cemetery.  A.  D.  C. 

131  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 


0n 

Studies  in  Statecraft :  being  Chapters,  BiographicdT 
and    Bibliographical,    mainly    on    the    Sixteenth. 
Century.     By  Sir  Geoffrey  Butler.     (Cambridge 
University  Press,  10s.  net.) 

WE  would  advise  students  of  International  Law,  • 
and  those  general  readers  who  are  watching  with 
interest  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  League  of 
Nations  to  read  this  book.  It  is  no  ponderous 
tome  contributory  to  their  severer  studies  ;  but 
a  set  of  five  pleasant  essays  reminding  us  that 
our  problems  concerning  international  relations 
have  presented  themselves,  from  the  time  when- 
the  Europe  of  the  Middle  Ages  was  broken  up  by 
the  Renaissance,  not  only  to  practical  statesmen 
but  also  to  abstract  thinkers. 

The  first  essay  is  on  Bishop  Rodericus  Sancius's 
dialogue  '  De  pace  et  bello.'  The  writer  puts 
before  us  with  admirable  skill  an  outline  of  the 
political  situation  which  called  it  forth,  a  situa- 
tion chiefly  determined — from  the  standpoint  of 
Rodericus  himself — by  the  cautious  policy  of 
consolidation  and  preparation  pursued  by  Pope 
Paul  II.  Rodericus  was  a  propagandist  of  the 
finest  order — and  there  is  reason  to  take  this 
dialogue  as  propaganda,  intended  to  rebut  the 
pacificism  of  the  day  at  a  time  when  pressure 
from  the  Turks  and  the  unruliness  of  heresy 
made  it  desirable  for  the  Church  to  show  herself 
steady  and  militant.  The  pacificist  speaker  in  the 
Dialogue  is  Platina  whom,  in  all  probability, 
Rodericus,  as  Castellan  of  St.  Angelo,  had,  while  he 
was  writing,  under  his  charge.  The  arguments  on 
both  sides  have  much  in  them  common  with  ours  of 
to-day,  but  they  are  drawn  also  from  the  astronomy 
then  current,  are  illustrated  copiously  from  the 
classics,  and  are  set  out  in  the  flowery  style  of  the. 
Renaissance.  Our  author  finds  the  value  of  the 
dialogue  in  Rodericus's  power  of  getting  behind, 
phrases,  of  bringing  his  argument  back  to  con- 
crete fact — urging,  for  example,  that  it  is  idle  to 
consider  war  apart  from  the  reasons  which  set 
men  to  wage  it.  This  line  is  what  we  might 
expect  from.  Sancius's  character  and  career — a 
man  who  deserves  to  be  more  widely  known, 
and  whom  Sir  Geoffrey  Butler  assists  the  student 
to  discover  by  printing  a  list  of  his  works  (forty- 
five  in  number)  taken  from  Antonio's  '  Biblioteca 
Hispana  Vetus,'  with  some  additions  of  his  own. 

The  next  essay  deals  briefly  with  French 
commentators  on  Roman  Law — the  French 
"  civilians  "  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries.  Their  minds  ran  on  the  nature  of 
sovereignty  and  the  relation — impersonally  con- 
sidered— of  the  princeps  to  the  law  ;  from  their 
study  of  Roman  Law  was  evolved  the  theory 
underlying  the  new  monarchy. 

The  chapter  on  William  Postel  brings  before 
us  one  of  the  most  curious  figures  of  a  time  when 
it  was  still  possible  for  an  erudite  person  more 
or  less  to  take  the  whole  of  knowledge  for  his 
province.  How  Postel  acquired  his  erudition 
is  but  obscurely  indicated — except  that  it  is 
clear  that  indomitable  industry  and  tenacity 

Elayed  a  great  part  therein.     An  obscure  orphan, 
e  had  from  his  childhood  to  earn  his  own  liveli- 
hood.    At  26  he  was  so  well  known  as  an  Oriental 
scholar  that  he  was  sent  with  Peter  Giles  to  the 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.-jA*.i5,i92i. 


"East  to  collect  Oriental  MSS,  for  the  King's 
library  at  Fontainebleau.  He  wrote  on  geo- 
gra.r>hy,  on  theology  and  on  history  as  well  as  on 
philology ;  but  through  his  work  and  his  un- 
doubted learning  there  ran  a  morbid  strain  of 
fanaticism,  which,  through  many  years  increased, 
brought  him  into  collision  with  authority,  led 
him  into  strange  extravagances,  and  well-nigh 
ruined  him  altogether.  In  the  end,  so  great  a 
disturber  of  the  r>eace  had  he  become,  striving 
to  set  the  world's  wrongs  right,  that  he  was 
compelled,  as  a  sort  of  voluntary  prisoner,  to 
take  up  his  abode  in  the  monastery  of  St.  Martin. 
There,  it  is  consoling  to  reflect  (for  it  is  impossible 
not  to  feel  some  attraction  towards  Fostel) 
his  brain  cleared  :  the  visions  which  had  pursued 
him  vanished  and  he  spent  the  end  of  his  life  in 
peace,  not  to  be  tempted  forth  from  his  refuge 
"bv  any  promises  of  princely  favour.  Postel  owes 
his  place  in  this  book  to  his  theory  that  God  must 
fulfil  himself  in  a  manifestation  of  divine  unity 
on  earth — to  be  brought  about  by  the  operation 
of  a  great  world  power  which  should  keep  th 
world's  peace.  This  power  Postel  declared  to  b 
the  people  of  France  :  a  conclusion  from  many 
points  of  view  of  curious  interest. 

The  two  following  essays  deal  with  the  "  grand 
design  "  of  Sully  and  with  that  of  Emerich 
Cruce,  Of  Sully 's  "  design  "  most  historica 
students  have  heard  something  though,  it  seems 
clear  that  it  must  be  considered  as  little  more 
than  an  exercise  of  academic  quality  which 
amused  some  leisure  hours  or  served  to  straighten 
out  the  thoughts  of  the  great  minister.  Cruc£ 
(1590-1648)  is  little  more  than  a  name  to  us  and 
his  book,  which  has  escaped  oblivion  only  bv 
three  copies,  has  been  recently  re-discovered 
In  its  own  day  it  created  a  stir.  Virtually  he 
proposes  a  kind  of  League  of  Nations  in  a  city 
"where  all  sovereigns  should  have  perpetually 
tteir  ambassadors,  in  order  that  the  differences 
that  might  arise  should  be  settled  by  the  judg- 
ment of  the  whole  assembly."  The  theory  of 
'  Le  Nouveau  Cynee  '  in  which  the  proposal  is 
worked  out  grapples  with  the  very  problems 
which  the  League  of  Nations  itself  envisages — 
embracing  all  the  nations,  bending  itself  not  only 
to  settle  disputes  but  also  to  meet  the  animosities 
and  the  other  causes  which  engender  them. 
The  ambassadors  assembled  in  the  chosen  city 
"  will  be  trustees  and  hostages  of  public  peace .... 
would  maintain  the  ones  and  the  others  in  good 
understanding ;  would  meet  discontents  half- 
way." Sir  Geoffrey  well  compares  with  utter- 
ances such  as  these  sentences  from  General 
Smuts's  pamphlet — and  it  might  be  well,  not 
merely  from  historical  curiosity,  but  also  in 
search  of  suggestions  and  confirmation  to  draw 
the  attention  of  students  to  Grace's  work.  As 
our  author  quotes  "  II  est  bon  de  s'apercevoir 
qu'on  a  des  aieux  "  ;  and,  besides  that,  a  system 
or  body  of  ideas  when  seen  from  a  distance  of 
time  is  apt  to  show  truths  which  do  not  so  easily 
appear  in  a  contemporary  presentation. 


The  Antiquaries  Journal,  vol.  i.  No.  1.     (Oxford 

University  Press,  5s.). 

'"  THIS  volume  represents  " — we  quote  from  the 
Foreword  of  Sir  Hercules  Bead,  President  of  the 
Society — "  a  new  departure  in  the  history  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries." 


It  represents,  indeed,  an  expansion,  a  renewal 
of  energy,  a^d  a  spirit  of  youthful  enterprise  in  that 
beloved  a^d  venerable  Society  which  we  are  sure 
everv  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  whether  or  not  privi- 
leged to  belong  to  it,  will  hail  with  pleasure  and 
with  great  hopes  of  advantage  to  all  students  of 
the  past.  It  is  intended,  in  addition  to  the  work 
published  in  the  old  Proceedings,  to  give  a  record 
of  archaeological  discovery,  to  note  the  activities 
of  the  chief  kindred  Continental  societies  and  set 
up  more  intimate  ^relations  with  them,  and  to 
supply  such  reviews  of  archaeological  literature 
as  shall  keep  readers  au  conrant  as  to  the  character 
and  utility  for  any  special  purpose  of  any  works 
published. 

The  first  instalment  of  the  plan  proposed  is 
excellent.  We  have  first  the  deeply  interesting 
paper  of  Mr.  A.  W.  Clapham  on  the  Latin  Monastic 
Buildings  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at 
Jerusalem.  This  breaks  new  ground,  the  diffi- 
culties of  exploration  under  the  Moslems  having 
hitherto  proved  virtually  hopeless  obstruction. 
Lieut.-Col.  Hawley  and  Mr.  C.  B.  Peers  supply 
an  interim  Beport  on  the  Excavations  at  Stone  - 
henge — which  needs  no  recommendation  to  our 
readers'  attention.  The  silver  discovered  at 
Traprain  Law  (Mr.  A.  O.  Curie)  ;  an  imperfect 
Irish  Shrine  (Mr.  E.  C.  B.  Armstrong)  ;  and  a 
Coffin  Chalice  from  Westminster  Abbey  (the 
Bev.  H.  F.  Westlake) — each  supplied  with 
adequate  illustration — deal  with  metal-work  of 
different  ages.  Mr.  Johnson  contributes  a  most 
interesting  'document — a  grant  of  forty  marks  a 
year  by  Henry  VI.  for  the  "  Children  of  the 
Chapel  Boyal  "  whose  history  for  the  fifteenth 
century  is  still  in  obscurity.  M.  Aime  Butot 
deals  with  the  discoveries  at  Spiennes.  There 
are  four  or  five  weighty  reviews  of  books,  notices 
of  periodical  literature,  editorial  notes  and  a 
bibliography. 


tn 


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CORRIGENDA.  —  (General  Index  to  Eleventh 
Series,  and  Index  to  Vol.  VI.  of  the  present  Series). 
— We  regret  to  find  that  the  name  of  so  well- 
jnown  and -greatly  valued  a  correspondent  as  PRO- 
CESSOR BENSLY  has  been  misspelt  in  both  these 
Indexes.  Will  those  of  our  readers,  who  have  not 
already  done  so,  correct  Bensley  to  Bensly. 

NOLA  (12  S.  vii.  502  ;  viii.  37).— In  my  reply 
at  the  last  reference  for  "  blank  knoll,"  read 
klank  knoll.  J.  T.  F. 

BEPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES  PUBLIC 
AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8,  34).— The  name  of  the 
antiquary  who  garnered  Yorkshire  records  was 
Hailstone  not  "  Bailstone  "  as  printed  three 
times,  p.  34.  I  am  sorry  my  writing  was  less 
legible  than  I  meant  it  to  "be.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 


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61 


LONDON,  JANUARY  22,  mi. 

CONTENTS.— No.  145. 

"NOTES  :— London  Coaching  and  Carriers'  Inns  in  1732,  61 
—Letters  of  1720  from  the  Low  Countries  and  Hanover, 
63 — Among  the  Shakespeare  Archives  :  Changes  in  Strat- 
ford on  the  Accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  66— "  Lucasia  " 
— Grey  in  sense  of  Brown — "  Rex  illiteratus  est  asinu? 
coronatus,"  68. 

'QUERIES  :— New  Style,  68-Snuff :  "  Prince's  Mixture"— 
Street  Court.  Kingsland,  Herefordshire- Col.  Bonhain 
(Falconer)— Old  Contribution  to  '  Chambers's  Journal  '— 
Douglas  of  Bornock— Terrestrial  Globes.  69— Dr.  Wells  -. 
Paper  on  'The  Dew  and  Single  Vision'— Lady  Anne 
Graham —Robert  Darley  Waddilove— Sir  John  Wilson- 
Coats  of  Arms  :  Identification  Sought— San  Severino— 
•Consecrated  Roses  in  Coats  of  Arms— Christma.s  Pudding 
and  Mince-pies— Scoles  and  Duke  Families.  70— Mayne 
and  Knight— Stonehenge— "  Wytyng  "—Andrew  Forrester 
Stapleton  :  O'Sullivan— T.  Jones,  Author  of 'The  Heart 
its  right  Sovereign,'  <fec.  —  John  Scaife  for  Scafe) — 
"Rigges"  and  "  Granpoles."  71  — Reference  Wanted  — 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted,  72. 

UEPLIES  :— "  Franckinsence, "  72— The  Handling  of  Sources 
—A  Few  Warwickshire  Folk  Sayings -Prisoners  who  have 
Survived  Hanging,  73  —  Vnucher=Railway  Ticket  — 
William  and  Ralph  Sheldon.  74— The  British  in  Corsica- 
Matthew  Paris— Askell.  75— "  Frankenstein  "—Friday 
Street — The  Rev.  John  Theophilus  Desaguliers— "  Now, 
then— V  —  Kensington  Gravel  at  Versailles  —  Repre- 
sentative County  Libraries,  76— Early  Ascents  of  Mont 
Blanc— The  Green  Man,  Ashbourne— Charles  Pye,  Engra- 
ver, 77— Kentish  Boroughs— "  Heightem,  Tighfcem  and 
Scrub  "— Carlyle's  '  French  Revolution '- Daniel  D^foe  in 
the  Pillory— Pronunciation  of  Greek  (and  Latin)— Family 
of  Dickson,  78 -Books  on  Eighteenth-Century  Life— A 
Note  on  Samuel  Pepys's  '  Diary '—Stevenson  and  Miss 
Yonge— Early  Railway  Travelling,  79. 

TfOTES  ON  BOOKS :—' English  Wayfaring  Life  in  the 
Middle  Ages '— '  Essays  and  Studies  by  Members  of  the 
English  Association.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


LONDON  COACHING  AND  CARRIERS 
INNS  IN   1732. 

YOUR  correspondent,  W.  B.  H.,  at  12  S. 
vii.  457  cites  from  a  somewhat  scarce  hand- 
book of  reference  '  New  Remarks  of  London 
....  Collected  by  the  Company  of  Parish 
Clerks,'  1732.  From  this  source  I  have 
selected,  condensed  and  tabulated  informa- 
tion buried  within  it  relative  to  the  travelling 
and  transport  facilities  that  radiated  from 
the  metropolis  nearly  two  hundred  years 
ago,  when  the  Golden  Cross  at  Charing  Cross 
and  the  other  celebrated  coaching-houses 
of  Piccadilly  were  as  yet  unknown. 

The  precise  locus  of  the  inns  mentioned 
below,  save  such  as  are  preceded  by  an 
asterisk,  will  be  found  clearly  mapped  in 
Rocque's  '  Survey  ' :  those  unable  to  con- 
sult that  valuable  work  may  perhaps  obtain 
-additional  information  from  the  Lists  of 


Eighteenth-Century  Taverns  that  have 
appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q. '  during  1920. 

I  confine  myself  to  one  observation  only. 
These  lists  afford  evidence  that  Hogarth 
avoided  personalities  by  purposely  con- 
fusing incidents  in  his  pictures. 

Describing  the  plate  'Night,'  T.  Clerk 
in  his  'Works  of  Hogarth,'  1812,  i.  144, 
wrote  :— 

"  On  each  side  are  the  Cardigan's  Head  and 

the    Bummer    Tavern The    Salisbury    Flying 

Coach  which  has  just  started  from  the  inn  is 
oversetting  near  a  bon-fire." 

The  information  herewith  attached  shows 
that  Flying  Coaches  at  that  date  ran  only  to 
Bath,  Bristol,  and  Northampton,  and  that 
the  Salisbury  Coach  set  out,  not  from 
Charing  Cross,  but  from  the  Angel  nigh  unto 
St.  Clement  Danes  Church. 

Expatiating  on  the  first  plate  of  the 
'Harlot's  Progress,'  Clerk,  at  p.  61,  re- 
marks : — 

"  The  heroine  of  this  tale,  about  sixteen  years 
of  age,  is  delineated  as  having  just  alighted  from 
the  York  waggon  :  and  the  huge  bell  suspended 
over  the  door  indicates  the  scene  to  be  laid  in  the 
yard  of  the  Bell  Inn  in  Wood  Street." 

Although,  as  will  be  seen  below,  the  Bell 
in  Wood  Street  was  a  carriers'  inn  of  great 
resort,  it  is  equally  clear  that  at  the  precise 
date  at  which,  Hogarth  painted  the  intro- 
ductory picture  to  this  famous  series 
the  York  wagon  patronized  the  Bear  in 
Basinghall  Street  and  the  Red  Lyon  in 
Aldersgate. 

Angel :  Back  Side,  St.  Clement  Danes. 
Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.     Salisbury. 
T.  Th.  8.     Winchester. 
Th.       . .     Marlborough. 

Ax  :  Aldermanbury. 
Carriers. 

M.         . .     Ashby  de  la  Zouch. 
Th.       . .      Ormskirk. 
F.          . .     Scarborough. 

Bear  :  Basinghall  Street. 

Carriers. 

T.          . .     Hallifax  [sic],  York. 

F.          ..     Anwick   (PAlnwick),    Leeds, 

Rippon  [sic]    Roheram  [sic]. 
*  Bear  :  Lime  Street. 

Carrier. 

Th.       . .     Halstead. 

Bear  and  Bagged  Staff  :  Smithfield. 
Carriers. 

M.         . .      Bridgnorth. 
F.          . .      Greton  (?  Gretton). 

Bell :  Aldersgate  Street. 
Coaches. 
T.  Th.  S.     St.  Albans. 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.',vm.  JAN.  22, 1921. 


Bell:  Friday  Street. 

Coaches. 

M.  &  S. . .     Exeter. 

Carriers. 

M.  &  S. . .     Exeter. 

M.         . .     Truro. 

W.        . .      Burford. 

Th.        . .      Cirencester. 

F.          . .     Ted  bury. 

S.  . .  Caerlion,  Caermarthen,  Caernarvon, 
Cardigan,  Chepstow,  Con  way, 
Monmouth,  Newport,  Stroud- 
water. 

Bell :  Holborn. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Edgworth  (?  Edgeware),  Hendon. 
T.  Th.  &  S.  Banbury,  Barkhamstead  [sic]. 
F.          . .      Stradford-on-Avon  [sic]. 
Carriers. 
F.         . .      Woodstock         S.  Fairingdon. 

Bell :  Strand. 
Coaches. 

T.  Th.          Bath,  Blandford. 
Carriers. 
W.  S.   . .     Bracknor  (?  Bracknell),  Brecknock. 

Bell :  Warwick  Lane. 
Carriers. 

T.          . .      Becconsfield  [sic]. 
W.  &   S.     Edmonton. 
F.          . .     Chiner  (?  Chinnar). 
S.          . .     Brackley. 

Bell:  Wood  Street. 

Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.     Lancaster. 

Carriers. 

M.         . .      Newark,  Noneaton. 

W.  S.    . .      Boroughbridge. 

F.  . .  Blackborn,  Boulton  in  Moor,  Lever- 
pool  [sic],  Middlewich,  Mont- 
gomery, Newton,  North  wich, 
irescot,  Rochdale,  Warrington 
and  Wigan. 

S.  ..  Mortonhindmost,  Fershore,  Taun- 
ton,  Tiverton,  Worcester. 

Bell  Savage  :  Ludgate  Hill. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.  Windsor,  Tunbridge  (summer  only). 
M.  W.  F.     Bath  (summer  only). 
T.  Th.  S.     Cirencester,  Newberry. 
M.  &  Th.    Bristol. 
Carriers. 
Th.       . .     Gosport,  Kingclere,  Wickham. 

Black  Bull :  Leadenhall  Street. 
Coaches. 
F.          . .      Brain  tree. 

*  Black  Bull :  Whitechapel. 
Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.     Bishop  Stortford. 

*  Black  Lyon  :  Water  Lane,  Fleet  Street. 

Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.     Egham,  Maidenhead,  Staines. 


Black  Swan  :  Holborn. 
Coaches. 

Several  times  a  day.     Hampstead. 
M.  W.  F.     Durham,  Newcastle,  Oxford. 
T.  Th.  S.     Aylesbury. 
M.  Th.         Leeds,  Waketteld,  York. 
M.         . .      Berwick. 

Blossoms  Inn  :  Lawrence  Lane. 

Coaches. 

Every  day  in  summer.     Epsom. 

Carriers. 

M.  Th.         Drayton. 

M.  S.    . .      Denbigh. 

M.         . .      Nantwich. 

F.  . .  Manchester,  Sandbpch,  Stopporfr 
(?  Southport),  Wotten  -  undridge- 
(?  Wotten-under-edge). 

S.          . .      Chester. 

Blue  Boar  :  Holborn. 
Coaches. 

M.         . .      Bridgnorth,  Worcester. 
Carriers. 
Every  day.     Harrow. 

Blue  Boar  :  Whitechapel. 
Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.  Brentwood. 

T.  S.    . .  Saffron  Walden. 

W.  S.  Bellerica  [sic],  Maldon. 
Carriers. 

W.  S.  . .  Brentwood. 
Th.       . .  '  Bellerica,  Dunmow. 

Bolt  and  Tun  :  Fleet  Street. 
Coaches. 

Everyday.     Maidenhead,  Reading,  Windsor- 
M.  W  .F.     Henley  [sic],  Hereford. 
M.  Th.         Gloucester. 

Bull  (Black)  :  Bishopsgate. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Edmonton,  Wallend  (?). 
M.  W.  F.     Cambridge. 
T.  Th.  S.     Hertford. 
W.        .*.      Norwich. 
Th.        . .      Bury  St»  Edmunds. 
Carriers. 

M.        . .       Bungey. 
W.  &  Th.    Norwich. 

Th.       . .      Bury  St.  Edmunds,  Cambridge. 
T.  W.  Th.  F.     Downham. 

Bull  (Black)  :  Holborn. 
Flying  Coaches. 
Th.       . .      Northampton. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.Uxbridge,  Watford. 
M.  W.  F.     Harrow.         T.  I.  Stanmore. 
Carriers. 

Every  day.     Edgworth. 
M.  Th.        Swafham.         S.  Bingham. 

Bull  and  Mouth  :  Aldersgate. 

Carriers. 

Th.       ..     Trubridge  (PTrowbridge),  Westbury. 

S.  . .  Barnstable,  Beddeford  [sic],  Here- 
ford, Leinster  (?  Leominster),, 
Torrington,  Worcester 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 
(To  be  continued.) 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  22,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


63 


LETTERS    OF    1720    FROM    THE    LOW 
COUNTRIES  AND  HANOVER. 

(See  ante,  p.  42.) 

III. 
MY  LORD, 

If  my  Letters  hacL  th6  honour  of  being  con- 
sidered by  Your  Lordship,  as  a  Testimony  of  my 
Respect  and  Veneration  for  You  (as  from  your 
Goodness  I  hope  they  have)  and  not  as  an  in- 
stance of  my  Levity  in  presuming  to  interrupt 
your  Lordships  more  important  Thoughts  with 
my  Follys,  I  am  sure  I  have  more  than  sufficient 
Reason  to  give  You  an  Account  of  my  Silence 
ever  since  I  had  the  honour  of  writing  to  You 
from  Ostend  ye  22d  of  July  N.S.  last.  This 
I  shall  do  in  one  word.  After  I  have  thank'd 
your  Lordship  for  the  favour  of  it,  I  am  to 
acquaint  You,  that  Your  letter  of  the  29th  of 
July,  O.S.  found  Me  but  the  20th  of  September 
at  Maestricht,  on  my  departure  from  thence  to 
Louvain,  with  which  Town  I  finish'd  my  Tour 
of  those  Countrys.  From  there  thro'  Brussels, 
Mechlin  &  Antwerp  I  returned  to  Rotterdam. 
I  have  had  it  frequently  in  my  Thoughts  to  pay 
my  Duty  to  your  Lordship  since  that  Time 
(which  vv-as  about  ye  beginning  of  tnis  Month 
Octobr)  and  I  have  been  as  often  unaccountably 
prevented  :  I  may  truly  well  say  unaccountably 
because  ye  honour  of  your  Lordships  Considera- 
tion is  by  much  the  greatest  Satisfaction  of  my 
Life,  and  it  must  have  been  something  very 
much  ag"  my  Will,  that  should  have  prevented 
Me  from  cultivating  it. 

I  now  return  to  acquaint  your  Lordship,  That 
I  was  too  much  taken  with  my  new  manner  of 
Life,  to  take  up  with  a  slight  Survey  of  those 
famous  Countrys,  and  and  [sic]  the  Company 
which  I  accidental}*  (tho'  indeed  I  might  say  by 
reason  of  the  great  Pleasure  and  advantage 
accrued  to  me  from  it,  providentialy)  fell  into 
y"  Day  of  my  Departure  from  Rotterdam,  made 
Me  alter  my  Resolution  of  contenting  my  Self 
with  so  slight  a  Survey  of  them,  as  I  at  first 
intended.  And  therefore  after  I  had  gone  from 
Ostend,  through  Newport  [,J  Dunkirk,  Sl  Omer, 
Aire  [,]Bethune,  Lille,  Tournay,  Mons  (where  my 
curiosity  drew  Me  to  see  y*  field  of  Battle)  &  so 
return 'd  to  Brussels,  We  all  agreed  to  finish  our 
Tour  by  Seing  ye  Towns  on  ye  Meuse,  and  that 
famous  River  it  Self  ;  the  going  down  which  from 
Namur  to  Maestricht  (thro'  Huy,  &  Leige)  was 
none  of  the  least  Delight,  I  received  hi  my 
Peregrination.  At  Huy  we  stai'd  3  weeks  for  ye 
Sake  of  ye  Waters,  &  ye  Company  from  all  Parts, 
which  rendezvous  there  for  y°  Sake  of  them. 
The  most  agreable  Situation  oi  this  Place,  the 
goodness  &  variety  of  the  Company,  &  the 
Benefitt  which  I  hi  particular  receiv'd  with 
respect  to  my  own  Health,  made  ye  3  weeks  of  our 
Stay  there  yc  most  pleasant  of  all  our  Tour,  as 
y°  3  months  we  spent  in  it  were  by  much  the 
most  pleasant  of  of  [sic]  all  yc  former  part  of  my 
Life.  After  some  time  spent  at  Leige,  we  made  a 
small  Tour  on  horseback  to  Spaw,  and  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  taking  Stablo,*  &  Limburg  hi  our  way  ; 

*  Stavelot. 


ye  former  being  a  Monestary  which  by  Reason 
of  the  Antiquity  of  its  Establishment  highly 
deserves  the  Strangers  Curiosity  :  the  latter  we 
saw  onely  as  it  lay  in  our  way  ;  Tho'  it  is  a  Capital' 
of  one  of  ye  seventeen  provinces,  &  is  remarquable 
for  its  manufacture  of  broad  Cloth  (which  I  found 
not  comparable  to  ours  in  England)  &  ye  Country 
around  it  more  deservedly  famous  for  excellent 
cheese  ;  which  I  may  truly  say  it  makes  to  Per- 
fection. From  Aix  la  Chapelle  We  came  to 
Maestricht  &  from  thence  Cross'd  the  Country 
another  way  to  Louvain  ;  passing  through  S* 
Tron,  &  Tirlemont  (two  very  ancient  Towns)  & 
by  ye  famous  Landen.  By  the  Course  I  took, 
which  I  have  here  represented  to  your  Lordship, 
You  will  easily  conceive  that  it  was  no  slight  View 
I  have  had  cf  the  Country  :  But  the  Seing  of 
so  glorious  a  Country  as  is  in  particular  Brabant 
for  its  prodigious  fertility,  &  ye  Countrys  adjacent 
to  ye  Meuse  for  ye  incredible  Beauty  of  its  Pro- 
spects, &c,  tho'  it  was  a  Considerable  Satisfac- 
tion in  it  Self,  yet  it  was  vastly  inferior  to  the 
Pleasure  I  had  in  the  many  hours  of  Conversation 
I  have  spent  with  learned  Men  especialy  Eccle- 
siasticks  of  all  Countrys,  &  Orders,  &  Religious 
of  both  Sexes.  One  may  easily  by  imagination 
travel  over  different  Countrys,  for  it  is  onely 
varying  in  our  Thoughts  ye  Face  of  the  Earth, 
But  there  is  something  so  peculiar  in  what  relates 
to  ye  difference  of  Religions  among  Mankind  that 
one  can  never  make  a  right  judgment  of  Men 
hi  this  particular  without  personaly  sounding: 
Them.  I  have  ever  Since  I  began  to  think  for 
Myself,  thought  Religion  to  be  not  onely  the 
Charactaristick  of  Humane  Nature,  but  the 
noblest  Distinction  that  belongs  to  it.  And  I 
have  thought  it  a  Subject  well  deserving  Time, 
&  Pains  in  order  to  have  a  right  apprehension  of 
it.  In  order  to  have  this  I  have  enquir'd  into 
most  Religions  of  the  World,  But  I  know  not  how 
it  has  happened,  that  I  was  the  least  acquainted 
with  the  Roman  of  any;  Unless  it  is  owing  to  This, 
That  it  is  impossible  to  have  a  just  Idea  of  the 
Romish  Religion,  but  by  seing  their  Churches, 
their  Convents,  their  Ceremonies  in  those  Coun- 
trys where  they  have  a  free  Exercise  of  it.  It 
must  have  been  occasion'd  by  a  particular  In- 
curiosity that  I  never  was  in  the  Popish  Chapel* 
at  London  hi  my  Life  ;  for  I  am  sure,  was  there 
a  Chinese  paged,  or  a  Mahometan  Mosque,  I  had 
not  fail'd  to  have  seen  them.  On  this  account 
I  came  into  a  New  World,  when  I  came  first  to 
Antwerp,  and  so  much  was  I  possess'd  with  it, 
that  the  novalty  of  it  hardly  disappeard,  when 
I  came  to  that  famous  city  (worthy  by  its  Situa- 
tion &  magnificent  buildings  of  a  much  better 
Fate  than  it  has)  a  second  Time  on  my  Return. 
As  the  Result  of  ye  Inquiry  I  have  made  into 
Religion,  is  not  to  overvalue  what  may  happen 
to  appear  more  particularly  right  to  my  own 
Eyes,  to  the  Prejudice  of  Other  Persons  judg- 
ments ;  So  it  is  with  all  the  Pleasure  hi  the  World 
that  I  hear  another  lay  open  the  Grounds  of  his 
particular  Sentiments,"  and  not  without  repug- 
nance that  I  enter  into  a  Dispute  with  him  on  ye 
account  of  their  Diversity  from  my  Own.  I  am 
persuaded  the  true  Nature  of  Religion  lyes,  in 
the  living  under  the  Sense  of  a  Supreme  Being, 
and  in  exercising  that  Power  He  has  given  Us 


*  The  Sardinian  Chapel? 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vra.  JAN.  22, 1921 


in  our  moral  Capacity  towards  the  Happiness  o 
Ms  Creatures  ;  and  in  so  doing,  to  the  Embellish 
ing  of  his  Works,  &  the  Encrease  of  his  Glor> 
"This,  I  think,  all  Religions  are  agreed  hi.  An< 
as  to  Speculative  Matters,  or  to  the  diiteren 
Manner  in  which  our  particular  Homage  is  to  b 
^paid  him,  it  was  as  easy  for  the  Supreme  Beinf 
to  have  made  as  great  a  Conformity  in  thei 
•  Sentiments  in  this  Respect,  unless  he  had  though 
it  more  proper  to  let  it  go  as  it  is.  Being  pos 
sess'd  therefore  with  these  principles,  it  wa 
/with  a  much  more  sublime  Pleasure,  than  ano 
would  have  had,  more  bigotted  to  his  own 
Opinions,  that  I  had  all  y6  vast  Superstructure 
of  the  Roman  Religion  display'd  unto  Me,  in  th 
several  Conversations  I  have  had  with  y°  Pro 
lessors  of  it.  And  as  my  Discourse  for  the  mos 
Part  tended  more  towards  informing  my  Self  o 
their  Sentiments,  with  the  Reasons  of  them,  thai 
to  Oppose  Them,  I  had  at  once  the  Pleasure  o 
the  Information,  and  procur'd  their  Good  Wil 
by  the  Easiness  and  Openness  of  my  Conversa 
tion.  Sometimes  indeed,  according  as  either  the 
opportunity  of  the  Time,  Place,  or  humour  o 
the  Person  would  permit,  I  have  enter'd  the 
Lists  with  them,  And  it  is  not  easily  conceiv'c 
{as  I  never  had  studied  their  Religion  thoro'ly 
how  far  a  few  generous  well  grounded  principles 
of  Natural  Religion  will  carry  one  to  put  to 
Silence  or  at  least  to  shifts  worse  than  Silence 
the  Contenders  for  some  of  these  absurdities  that 
are  grafted  on  Revealed  Religion.  Was  the 
Orthodox  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  but  once 
exploded,  The  most  absurd  Part  of  Popery 
to  a  Protestant  must  fall  with  it.  I  mean 
their  famous  doctrine  of  Transubstantiation. 
For  where  would  be  the  Bon  Dieu,  &  all  the  Train 
of  Whimsical  Appendices  of  him,  were  he  but 
found  to  have  been  but  a  meer  Man,  or  at  y6 
most  a  finite  Being,  of  a  degree  somewhat  Superior 
to  Us? 

But  let  the  absurdity  of  the  concluded  Doc- 
trine appear  ever  so  great,  it  must  be  the  principle 
on  which  it  is  founded,  that  must  be  considered, 
&  removed  out  of  the  Way,  before  ever  the 
Conclusion  is  medled  with.  I  have  great  Reason 
to  make  this  Observation,  from  a  Reflexion  that 
«ame  into  nay  Mind  on  my  first  going  into  y« 
great  Church  of  Antwerp  (the  most  famous  for 
its  paintings,  &  the  most  truly  superstitious 
Roman  Church  that  T  have  yet  seen,  or  as  I  am 
told,  can  see)  Which  was,  That  notwithstanding 
these  Religious  Appearances  were  so  grosse, 
&  unaccountable  to  M.e,  yet  that  there  were  men 
of  Conscience,  Integrity*  and  good  Sense  that 
beleived  them.  This  (so  far  as  I  could  be  a  judge) 
I  have  found  in  many  a  Person  I  have  had  the 
honour  to  converse  with  ;  and  it  was  with  great 
Pleasure  I  have  heard  their  several  Justifications 
on  y6  respective  heads  of  their  Religion.  And 
truly  I  can't  say  I  have  not  found  much  more 
Reason  for  many  Arcles  [sic]  of  their  Faith  than 
I  expected,  or  than  y6  Inconsiderate  World 
govern'd  by  Appearances,  think  they  can  alledge 
in  their  Behalf.  And  were  it  not  that  the  last 
Article  of  their  Beleif  is  so  great  a  Degree  of 
Un charitableness,  as  as  [sic]  an  Exclusion  of  all 
that  differ  from  Them  from  ye  Favour  of  God, 
I  could  almost  deliver  my  Self  with  respect  to 
y6  Roman  Sect  in  particular,  as  Agrippa  did  of 
ye  Christian  in  general  that  I  am  almost  become 
.a^Catholick.  But  this  Doctrine  of  Un  charitable- 


ness which  is  of  the  Essence  of  their  Religion, 
and  y*  of  Persecution  which  many  if  not  most 
of  the  Ecclesiasticks  hold  with  it  is  So  unchristian, 
So  contrary  to  the  genuine  Spirit  of  Christianity, 
Humanity,  and  of  all  Religion,  and  even  of  the 
'Beleif  of  a  God  it  Self,  that  were  I  not  able  to 
answer  one  argument  for  their  Particular  Opinions 
this  One  Thing  alone  wou'd  absomtely  alienate 
my  Mind  from  it.  But  a  propos  to  this  variety 
of  Opinion  in  Religious  matters  whereof  I  have 
been  now  writing,  and  with  which  it  is  Time  to 
have  done,  I  cant  avoid  laying  before  your  Lord- 
ship a  Reflection  I  made  this  Week  as  I  was 
crossing  the  barren  Heaths  of  Westphalia,  after 
I  had  seen  the  fertile  Plains  of  y°  Low  Countrys  : 
Why  might  not  the  Almighty  have  expresly 
intended  Something  in  the  Intellectual  World 
that  should  differ  one  from  Another,  as  these 
Countrys  do,  from  the  Beauty  of  Brabant  £ 
Flanders  ?  And  yet  contribute  to  y6  Beauty  of 
the  Whole,  as  the  different  Faces  csf  the  Earth, 
most  manifestly  does  ?  With  this  Reflection 
I  take  leave  of  this  Subject,  &  of  your  Lordship  ; 
asking  your  Pardon  for  Detaining  You  so  long 
with  my  imperfect  Reasonings  if  they  have 
proved  tedious  ;  or  if  your  goodness  has  pardon 'd 
them,  referring  My  Self  to  y6  renewing  of  them, 
when  I  shall  have  the  honour  of  conversing  with 
Your  Lordship  face  to  face. 

Hitherto    I    have    entertain'd    Your    Lordship 
out  of  the  Ten  Provinces  ;  And  I  have  entertain'd 
You  so  long  on  ym  or  what  arose  out  of  them  that 
I  have  no  Time,  nor  Yr  Lp  patience   to  have  any 
Thing  said  of  the  other  Seven.     Nor  of   West- 
phalia, from  whence  I  write  You  this  Letter.  All 
this,  and  a  great  deal  more  I  have  to  say  of  ye 
same   Countrys,   I  shall  refer  to   another    Occa- 
sion.    And  proceed  for  acquaint  You,  That  my 
Seing  so  fully  the  Low-Countries  was  so  far  from 
Extinguishing    or    any    manner    Satisfying    my 
Curiosity   of   encreasing   my    acquaintance    with 
e   Works   of   my   Creator    (for   what   else    is    ye 
ravelling  out  of  once  Country  into  another,  but 
;he  going  out  of  One  Room,  &  that  a  very  small 
one,  of  his  Vast  Palace,  into  another,  of  a  different 
furniture)   That  I   could  not  deny  my  Self  the 
Resolution  of  Spending  this  Winter  in  Germany. 
VLy  long  stay  hi  ye  Way,  made  Me  lay  Aside  all 
lopes  of  seing  ye  King  long  at  Hanover.     How- 
ever as  I  expect  to  be  there  in  a  day  or  two  I 
expect    to    have    that   honour    for    a    few    days. 
'.  write  Your  Lordship  this  Letter  from  Osnabrug, 
where  I  have  thought  fit  to  make  some  short  stay 
a,s  well  to  ease  my  Self  after  a  land  Voyage  of 
'  days   &  3  nights  incessant  Continuance,  as  to 
wait  on  ye  Duke  of  York,  &  to  see  his  Court.        On 
whom  I  waited  yesterday  and  was  received  very 
>ratiously,    &  honoured   for   sometime    with   his 
Conversation.     I   propose   to   spend   this   Winter 
t  Hanover,  Berlin,  Leipsick,  &c  &  at   Brunswick 
i  Case  the  Congress  will  be  held.     For  most  of 
rhich  Citys  I  have  recommendations  to  some  of 
e  Principle  Persons  in  them  So  that  I  hope  I  shall 
ot   only   travel   with   i'leasure   but   Profit   also. 
Nevertheless  it  will  be  an  additional  Advantage 
ould  I  have  a  Line  from  one  of  your  Lordship's 
)istinction  to  Mr  Whitworth  ;  and  I  should  count        i 
:  as  a  very  great  honour  to  have  him  know  from 
our  Self  that  I  was  known  to  your  Lordship, 
or  this  I  should  think  a  particular  acquaintance 
1th  Mr  Whitworth  on  your  Part  is  not  absolutely 
ecessary.     I    write    this    not    knowing    whetner 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN,  22,  1921.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


your  Lp  knows  him  or  not.     But  I  submit  it  to 
your  own  Pleasure. 

I  will  add  no  more  than  while  I  assure  Your 
Lp  that  I  shall  not  be  so  much  delighted  with  the 
Newness  of  y»  Objects  around  Me,  but  I  shall 
have  room  for  ye  Delight  which  ye  Continuance 
of  your  Regard  for  Me  will  give  Me  ;  when  You 
shall  give  Me  y°  Honour  of  hearing  from  You. 
Which  I  shall  be  in  ye  less  danger  of  missing,  if 
You  shall  be  pleas'd  to  direct  to  me  at  Mr  Kembles 
Marchant  in  Rotterdam  ;  who  will  forward  them 
to  Me. 

In  y6  mean  Time,  I  remain, 
Yr     Lordships     most     obliged      & 
most  obedient  humble  Servant 
Osnabrug.  ROBERT  WHATLEY 

Oct.  27th.  NS. 
1720. 

F.S.  Yr  Lp  has  I  presume  receiv'd'Dr  Martins 
Book  of  Louvain.  I  had  ye  honour  to  present 
one  of  y6  same  with  a  Letter  to  Ld  Sunderland 
in  this  Town  2  nights  ago.  Who  knows  him 
very  well,  as  do  all  our  English  Gentry  that 
have  been  in  those  Countrys  ;  &  who  mind  y° 
Conversation  of  Learned  Men.  He  desir'd  Me 
to  make  You  his  Compliments. 


MY  LORD, 


IV. 

Hanover.    Nov.  20.  1720.    NS. 


Altho'  it  be  so  late  that  I  did  my  Self  the 
Honour  of  writing  to  Your  Lordship  so  largely 
from  Osnabrugh  ;  yet  I  can't  let  this  Opportunity 
slip  of  the  Departure  of  the  last  Body  of  English 
Gentry  from  this  Place,  without  Remembring 
Your  Lordship  in  particular,  with  the  rest  of  my 
Friends  in  England. 

I  came  to  this  Place  the  30th  of  last  Month 
about  4  days  after  the  Kings  returnfromGohre.* 
The  Court  was  very  full  of  Persons  of  Quality 
that  [camjef  from  all  Quarters  to  take  leave 
of  his  Majesty.  J  Among  the  rest  two  of  the  King 
of  Sweden's  Brothers.  I  found  but  very  few 
English.  The  Earl  of  Sunderland  I  met  at 
Osnabrug,  «fc  Sr  G  Bing  on  the  Road,  and  besides 
my  Lord  Stanhope,  The  Marquis  of  Winchester, 
yv  Lord's  Barrington  &  Gage,  Sr  Alex.  Cairns, 
«!c  Alderman  Bailys,  who  were  here  with  2  or  3 
merchants  on  the  Harborough  account,  were  all 
that  were  here  of  any  Distinction. 

I  found  the  Prince  a  Youth  of  the  Greatest 
hopes.  For  Comelyness  of  Person,  Goodness  of 
Nature,  and  brightness  of  Parts  he  has  not, 
I  beleive,  his  Match,  in  ye  World.  In  his  Face 
You  see  a  great  resemblance  of  his  Fathers 
Features,  softened  with  y°  Princesses  Mildness. 
He  has  all  ye  Vivacity  of  his  Father,  temper'd 
with  his  Mothers  Sweetness.  In  short,  He  has 
his  Fathers  Body,  but  his  Mothers  Soul.  He 
has  always  3  Gouvernours  attending  Him.  And 
is  never  admitted  to  play  with  those  of  his  own 
Age.  For  these  last  8  months  he  has  made  no 
progress  in  his  Studys,  by  reason  of  his  being 


*  Die  Gohrde,  a  forest,  and  Electoral  hunting- box' 
situated  South-East  of  Lxineburg. 

t  Partly  illegible  through  sealing. 

J  Owing  to  the  South  feea  trouble  the  King  was 
compelled  to  return  to  England  at  short  notice. 


[ndisposed.  The  King  lives  with  more  Grandeur 
here,  1  think,  than  at  London.  The  Palace  is  a; 
regular  building,  containing  3  square  Courts., 
The  Apartments  are  suited  to  y°  Dignity  of  an 
Electoral  Court.  And  suitably  furnish'd.  Here 
are  no  less  than  4  Open  Tables  kept,  besides  the- 
Prince's,  of  10  or  12  Covers  Each,  Which  with 
bhe  Kings  while  he  was  here  makes  Six.  Na 
Person  appears  at  Court  of  any  Distinction  but 
is  invited  to  them  all  in  their  Turn.  The  Kings 
Stables  are  fine  &  in  them  he  keeps  above  200 
oach  and  Sadie  horses.  The  Town  of  Hanover 
is  but  indifferently  built.  'It  has  3  Lutheran,  a 
French,  a  Reformed,  &  a  Popish  Church. 

I  hope  these  particulars  will  not  displease  Your 
Lordship  :  As  they  are  laid  before  You  from  a 
Desire  of  gratifying  your  Curiosity. 

I  come  now  to  mention  to  your  Lordship  anpr 
Matter.  When  I  waited  on  Dr  Martin  at  Louvain.' 
the  Gentlemen  who  sent  your  Lordship  that 
Book  concerning  y6  Constitution)  I  found  him 
writing  to  Lds  Sunderland  &  Stanhope,  with  a 
Design  to  send  them  each  a  Copy  of  y6  same  Book, 
&  understanding  I  was  going  to  Hanover,  desired) 
the  favour  of  Me  to  convey  it,  with  his  Letters  to 
Them.  I  must  add  that  in  these  he  made  a* 
Proposal  of  Consequence,  Which  was  That  he 
wou'd  very  speedily  publish  a  Book  wherein  he 
wou'd  prove  that  y6  Catholicks  were  obliged  in 
point  of  Conscience  to  observe  the  Oath  of 
Allegiance,  &  that  the  Pope  had  no  Power  of 
Dispensing  in  the  Case.  By  the  means  of  these 
Letters  to  Ld  Stanhope  T  had  access  to  Him  \. 
with  a  very  good  Grace  &  he  seem'd  mightily 
pleas'd  with  y6  D"  Proposal  &c,  &  received  Me1 
very  obligingly.  As  I  have  a  great  Inclination, 
my  Lord,  to  introduce  My  Self  into  y6  World,  & 
hi  particular  into  y6  Service  of  one  in  my  Lords 
Station  or  of  one  "in  an  Ambassadors,  I  took  y« 
Opportunity  to  recommend  my  self  to  Lord' 
Stanhope  ;  and  on  his  objecting  my  being  a~ 
stranger  to  Him,  I  nam'd  your  Lordship  as  One- 
from  whom  he  might  receive  a  Character,  of  mer 
so  as  to  take  off  that  Objection.  I  told  his  Lord- 
ship, that  as  He  was  designed  for  Cambray  he 
might  encrease  his  Family,  &  want  the  Service 
of  a  Gentleman  who  has  had  a  liberal  education. 
His  Answer  to  this  was  as  good  as  a  Promise  in 
Case  he  went  to  Cambray  he  wou'd  accept  of  my 
Service.  T  own,  My  Lord,  I  have  an  Ambition 
to  begin  to  Act  a  Part  in  Life  ;  And  as  I  find  my; 
Genius  chiefly  turnd  that  Way  I  have  pointed 
to  Your  Lordsp  As  You  will  certainly  allow  Me,. 
My  Ambition  is  a  laudable  One,  So  Your  Lordship 
will  I  hope  forgive  Me  if  T  desire  You  to  mention 
my  name  on  a  proper  Occasion  to  my  Lord  Stan- 
hope so  as  I  may  have  y8  honour  of  being  employed 
under  Him. 

My  Lord  Carteret  was  here  3  nights.  If  your 
Lordship  by  your  Credit  with  him  could  recomend 
Me  eftectualy  to  Him,  I  should  be  equaly  or 
rather  better  pleas'd  than  to  find  my  self  in  my 
Lord  Stanhopes  Service.  He  is  one  of  y8  most 
aimable  Gentlemen  I  ever  saw  ;  &  entertained  the 
Prince,  with  a  vast  Variety  of  Stories  from  what 
he  bad  observ'd  in  his  Embassy.  I  desire  Your 
Lordsp  to  lay  this  Request  of  mine  to  Heart, 
You  can  never  act  lor  one  who  will  have  a  more 
gratefull  Mind  of  y°  Favour  You  will  do  Him,  no* 
for  one  who  is  more 

Your  Lordships  most  obedient 
&  most  hu.  serv'.  R.  WHATLEY 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  22, 1021. 


If  your  Lordship  honours  Me  With  a  Letter, 
'be  pleas'd  to  direct  it  for  Me,  at  his  Excellency 
My  Lord  Whitworth's  at  Berlin,  where  I  propose  to 
be  in  a  little  Time,  &  from  whence  I  shall  have  it 
convey'd  to  Me,  wherever  I  am.  I  shall  be  very 
glad  to  find  a  a  Summons  hi  it  either  to  England 
or  Cambray,  but  more  so  for  y6  News  of  vour 
JLps  Welfare. 

C.    S.    B.    BUCKLJLND. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See   ante,  pp.  23,  45.) 

-CHANGES  IN  STRATFORD  ON  THE  ACCESSION 
OF  QUEEN  ELIZABETH. 

One  of  those  pardoned  at  the  Coronation 
•of  the  new  Queen  on  Jan.  15,  1559,  was 
Alderman  Jeffreys  of  Sheep  Street.  He  was 
a  staunch  Catholic,  had  been  Bailiff  in  the 
first  year  of  Mary,  and  during  her  reign  had 
been  guilty  of  actions  which  made  it  advis- 
able to  seek  the  royal  clemency.  He  was 
forgiven  everything  committed  before  Nov.  1, 
1558,  except  what  might  be  of  a  treasonable 
nature,  on  payment  of  26s.  Sd.  The  same 
'day,  Coronation  Day,  William  Smart,  the 
Protestant  Schoolmaster,  who  was  in  holy 
•orders  and  therefore  forbidden  to  marry 
under  Mary,  took  unto  himself  a  wife, 
Katherine  Lewis.  On  Feb.  1  John  Shakes- 
peare sued  a  neighbour  for  debt,  Matthew 
Bramley,  who  was  in  the  leather  trade  and 
lived  in  Rother  Market.  The  case  came  up 
again  on  the  15th,  when  Shakespeare  in- 
curred the  usual  penalty  of  2d.  for  riot 
following  his  suit.  Apparently  he  declined 
to  prosecute  in  consequence  of  the  illness 
of  Bramley's  wife,  who  died,  and  was  buried 
on  the  22nd.  In  the  interval  between  the 
1st  and  22nd  Feb.  there  was  a  change  of 
Steward.  Master  Roger  Edgeworth  made 
his  last  signature  as  Senescallus  on  Feb.  1, 
and  his  successor,  Master  William  Court, 
made  his  first  on  Feb.  20.  Edgeworth  was 
also  Steward  of  Warwick,  where  he  resided. 
He  was  recognised  as  "an  adversary  of 
Religion  " — that  is,  a  Catholic.  The  Strat- 
ford Chamber  parted  with  him  and  imme- 
diately appointed  Court  in  his  stead. 

William  Court  alias  Smith,  who  was 
presumably  a  Protestant,  lived  in  Alveston 
parish  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Avon.  He 
liad  acted  frequently  as  attorney  in  the 
Court  of  Record,  once,  on  July  29,  1556,  on 
t>ehalf  of  Thomas  Siche  of  Arscote  against 
John  Shakespeare.  He  had  a  son,  William, 


aged  nine,  who  was  to  become  a  lawyer. 
He  had  also  kinsmen  in  Stratford — Richard 
Court  alias  Smith,  who  on  May  2,  1558, 
married  Juliana,  daughter  of  the  late 
Alderman  Thomas  Dickson  alias  Waterman  ; 
John  Court  alias  Smith,  a  well-to-do  butcher 
and  gentleman ;  and  Christopher  Court 
alias  Smith,  a  yeoman,  living  in  High  Street. 
On  July  5,  1559,  and  on  Aug.  19  following 
John  Shakespeare  sued  Richard  Court  for 
a  debt  of  65.  8d. 

But  if  the  Stratford  Chamber  was  dis- 
satisfied with  its  Steward,  it  was  yet  more 
aggrieved  by  its  Romanist  Vicar.  When 
Thomas  At  wood,  nephew  or  grandnephew 
of  the  Thomas  Atwcod,  alias  Taylor,  who 
died  in  1543,  made  his  will  on  May  15,  1559, 
it  was  witnessed  among  others  by  David 
Tong,  priest,  probably  the  curate  to  Roger 
Dyos  in  succession  to  William  Brogden. 
Atwood  died  a  Catholic,  as  his  bequests 
show — I2d.  to  the  holy  mother  church  of 
Worcester,  and  5s.  to  ""the  whole  choir  with 
priests  and  clerks  "  of  Stratford  Church  at 
his  burial.  Other  legacies,  like  those  of  his 
namesake  of  1543,  show  friendship  with  the 
Quynies — 40s.  "to  Annes  Q.uyny,  widow  in 
Stratford,"'  probably  widow  of  Richard 
Quyny  and  mother  of  Adrian  Quyny  ; 
6s.  Sd.  to  John  Quyny,  who  may  have  been 
an  uncle  or  a  brother  of  Adrian  ;  3s.  4rf.  to 
Elizabeth  Bainton,  step-daughter  of  Adrian 
Quyny  ;  and  the  residue  of  his  estate  to 
Adrian  Quyny  and  the  Bailiff  of  1558-9, 
Robert  Perrott,  "my  trusty  lovers,  who  I 
make  to  be  my  full  executors. "  The  testator 
was  buried  on  May  31,  and  his  will  was 
proved  in  the  peculiar  court  of  Stratford  on 
June  8  before  Roger  Dyos.  The  latter  date 
was  rather  more  than  a  fortnight  before 
St.  John  Baptist's  Day  when  the  Prayer  - 
Book  was  to  come  again  into  use.  We  hear 
nothing  more  of  the  Vicar  until  the  autumn, 
when  on  Oct.  14  a  letter  was  addressed  from 
Coughton  by  Sir  Robert  Throgmorton  and 
Sir  Edward  Greville  (of  Milcote)  to  the 
Stratford  Chamber  in  the  following  terms  : — 

'  And  whereas  we  understand  that  there  is  stay 
made  of  the  Vicar's  wages  which  was  due  at 
Michaelmas  last,  upon  what  consideration  we 
know  not;  and  whether  he  mind  to  keep  his 
benefice  or  to  leave  it.  for  any  respect,  it  is  no 
reason  that  you  should  keep  it  from  him,  which  he 
hath  served  for,  nor  the  law  will  not  permit  you  so 
to  do.  Wherefore  we  shall  both  desire  you  to  see 
him  paid  his  duty,  for  otherwise  we  shall  not  think 
so  well  of  you  as  we  have  done.  So  fare  you  well.' 

A  f oojbnote  informs  us  :  — 
"  Master  Vicar  saith  they  owed  him  for  half  a 
year  at  his  entry  and  one  year  they  owed  him  at 


12  s.  vni.  JAN. 22, 1921]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


his  departure,  upon  agreement  for  bonds  to  save 
him  harmless  of  the  fifteenth  and  tenths  and  all 
-other  duties." 

Salaries  were  paid  at  Lady-Day  and 
Michaelmas,  and  we  conclude  that  Dyos 
had  received  nothing  since  Sept.  29,  1558, 
the  last  pay-day  under  Mary.  He  evidently 
•contemplated  "departure  "  when  the  magis- 
trates wrote  on  Oct.  14,  1559,  and  when  the 
Council  were  assured  of  it  they  gave  him  a  por- 
tion of  the  amount  claimed.  He  asked  for  30Z, 
they  paid  him  less  than  20Z ;  and  seventeen 
years  afterwards  he  sued  for  and  recovered 
the  balance — 1 3Z.  17s.  Qd.  This  sum  they  had 
probably  spent  on  Protestant  preachers, 
and  felt  justified  in  deducting  from  the 
stipend  of  the  Vicar,  whom  they  had  never 
wanted  and  whose  services  they  considered 
to  be  dispensed  with  at  Mary's  death. 
Protestants,  we  may  be  sure,  officiated  in 
the  interval  between  the  "departure  "  of 
Dyos  and  the  appointment  of  a  new  Vicar, 
Master  John  Bretchgirdle,  in  Jan.  1561. 

We  know  something  of  the  personnel  of 
the  Stratford  Chamber  at  the  time  of  the 
-dispute  with  Dyos.  The  Court  Leet  was 
held  on  Oct.  6,  1559,  eight  days  before  the 
letter  of  the  magistrates  was  written  from 
<Joughton.  Adrian  Quyny  was  sworn  Bailiff, 
and  his  colleagues  were  William  Whateley, 
High  Alderman  ;  John  Taylor,  John  Shake- 
speare, William  Tyler  and  William  Smith, 
haberdasher,  Constables  ;  Humfrey  Plymley 
and  John  Wheeler,  Chamberlains  ;  Thomas 
Dickson  alias  Waterman,  and  Roger  Greene, 
Tasters ;  Richard  Sharpe  and  William 
Butler,  Serjeants  -  at  -  the  -  Mace  ;  William 
Trowt  and  Henry  Featherston,  Leather 
Sealers.  The  Serjeants,  and  in  a  less  degree 
the  Leather  Sealers,  were  permanently, 
•though  pro  forma  annually,  appointed.  The 
rest  were  chosen  more  or  less  in  succession 
and  according  to  seniority,  but  there  is  no 
mistaking  their  Protestant  complexion. 
Adrian  Quyny,  John  Wheeler  and  John 
Shakespeare  were  ultra-Protestant,  and  some 
of  the  others  were  hardly  less  pronounced  in 
their  convictions. 

The  minutes  of  this  Leet  are  in  the  Gothic 
hand  of  Symons  and  are  witnessed  by  the 
affeerors  —  Richard  Biddle,  Lewis  ap 
Williams,  John  Wheeler,  William  Tyler  and 
John  Shakespeare.  Symons  has  written 
the  names  at  the  bottom  of  the  page,  on  the 
right  hand,  and  the  affeerors  have  attached 
their  signature  or  mark.  Biddle  and 
Wheeler  have  signed  ;  Lewis  ap  Williams, 
Tyler  and  Shakespeare  have  made  their 


marks.  Ap  Williams'  mark  resembles 
a  church-gable  and  may  mean  Holy  Church  ; 
Tyler's  is  a  circle  containing  a  circle, 
with  a  common  centre,  divided  by  a  cross 
and  may  signify  the  Trinity  ;  Shakespeare's 
is  a  glover's  compasses  and  denotes,  no 
doubt,  "  God  encompasseth  us  "  (corrupted 
in  a  less  religious  age  into  "  Goat  and 
Compasses  "  !)  Shakespeare's  mark  is 
daintily  drawn,  and  does  not  give  the 
impression  of  illiteracy. 

Squire  Clopton,  the  champion  of  the 
Catholic  party,  must  have  keenly  felt  the 
change  from  Mary  to  Elizabeth.  He  had 
taken  part  in  the  ^Coronation  feast  of  Mary 
on  Oct.  1,  1553,  serving  the  wafers  at  the 
Queen's  table  and  having  for  his  fee  "  all  the 
instruments  as  well  of  silver  or  other  metal 
for  making  of  the  same  wafers  and  also 
all  the  napkins  and  other  profits  thereunto 
appertaining."  On  Jan.  31,  1559,  rather 
more  than  a  fortnight  after  the  Coronation 
of  Elizabeth,  he  buried  his  wife  in  the  parish 
church  of  Stratford  ;  and  less  than  a  year 
later,  on  Jan.  4,  1560,  he  signed  his  will  and 
died,  leaving  instructions  that  he  should 
be  interred  in  the  same  place.  Their  bodies 
were  laid,  no  doubt,  in  what  is  sometimes 
called  "  the  Clopton  Chapel,"  in  the  east  end 
of  the  north  aisle,  behind  the  handsome 
monument  built  for  himself  by  Sir  Hugh 
Clopton.  There  is  nothing  to  mark  the 
grave.  Any  intention  the  heir,  William 
Clopton,  may  have  cherished  of  erecting 
a  tomb  was  probably  prevented  by  the 
difficult  years  that  followed  for  himself  and 
his  children.  He  inherited  the  bulk  of  the 
property,  including  manors  and  lands  in 
Ryon  Clifford,  Bridgetown,  Clopton,  Ingon, 
Welcombe,  Bearley  and  elsewhere  in  War- 
wickshire. His  unmarried  sisters,  Anne, 
Eleanor  and  Rose,  received  200  marks 
(£113  6s.  8rf.)  apiece,  and  his  married  sister, 
Elizabeth  Arundel,  100Z.  Among  the  credi- 
tors were  William  Hopkins,  draper  of 
Coventry,  and  William  Tyler,  Rafe  Cawdrey, 
Lewis  ap  Williams,  Francis  Harbage  and 
John  Shakespeare's  neighbour,  William  Smith 
the  harberdasher,  of  Stratford.  The  wit- 
nesses included  William  Bott  the  agent. 
Immediately  after  Squire  Clopton's  death 
(if  not  shortly  before  it)  his  son  and  his  wife 
removed  from  New  Place  to  Clopton  House, 
and  William  Bott,  as  we  have  seen,  left 
Snitterfield  for  New  Place. 

EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 
(To  be  continued.) 


(68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  22, 1921. 


"LUCASIA."  (See  11  S.  vii.  228.) — MB. 
J.  J.  FOSTER'S  inquiry  about  the  meaning 
of  'Lucasia's  Portrait,'  a  work  ascribed  to 
Samuel  Cooper,  has  so  far  met  with  no  reply 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  The  portrait  is  the  subject 
of  eight  riming  triplets  under  the  title  "  To 
Mr.  Sam.  Cooper,  having  taken  Lucasia's 
Picture  given  December  14,  1660,'  on 
pp.  158,  159  of  Mrs.  Katherine  Philips's 
Poems  (1669).  "Lucasia  "  was  the  poet- 
ess's romantic  name  for  her  friend  Miss  Anne 
Owen  of  Landshipping  who  entered  the 
"Society  of  Friendship  "  on  Dec.  28,  1651, 
and  was  married  to  a  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Hanmer  in  May,  1662.  See  Mr.  Gosse's 
essay  on  '  The  Matchless  Orinda  '  in  his 
'^Seventeenth  Century  Studies.' 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

GREY  IN  SENSE  OF  BROWN. — This  mean- 
ing is  not  clearly  shewn  in  the  'N.E.D.,' 
but  there  is  no  doubt  about  it.  "Grey," 
Latin  grisius,  often  means  brown,  as  do  its 
equivalents  in  French  and  German.  Brown 
paper  is  often  called  grey  paper.  The 
brown  habit  of  the  Grey  Friars  is  described 
as  "russett  "  in  1406.  Brown  loaves  are 
called  panes  grisei  in  1437-8.  Pain  bis  is  the 
modern  French  term  for  brown  bread. 
Pisae  grisiae,  c.  1450,  were  the  produce  of 
the  common  "  grey  "  or  field  pea,  Pisum 
arvense,  and  are  distinctly  brown  when  ripe. 
The  'N.E.D.'  has  several  quotations  for 
"  grey-eyed,"  which  probably  means,  having 
eyes  with  brown  irises.  Eyes  grey  in  the 
ordinary  sense  would  scarcely  be  remarkable 
enough  to  deserve  the  epithet.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

"REX      ILLITERATUS      EST      ASINUS      CORO- 

NATUS."  (See  12  S.  vii.  519.) — From  the 
review  of  Roger  Bacon's  edition  of  the 
'  Secretum  Secretorum  '  it  appears  that 
Bacon  noted  that  Henry  I.  used  to  make 
the  above  remark  to  his  father  and  brothers. 
No  doubt  he  had  in  mind  a  passage  in 
William  of  Malmesbury's  '  De  Gestis  Regum 
Anglorum  ' : — 

"Itaque  pueritiam  ad  spem  regni  litteris 
muniebat ;  subinde,  patre  quoque  audiente,  jactitare 
proverbium  solitus,  'Rex  illiterates,  asinus 
eoronatus.'  Ferunt  quinetiam  genitorem,  non  prae- 
tereunter  notata  morum  ejus  compositione  quibus 
vivacem  prudentiam  aleret,ab  unoiratrum  laesumet 
lacry  man  tern,  his  animasse,  *Ne  fleas,  tili,  quoniam 
et  tu  rex  eris."'  (ed.  fctubbs,  'Rolls'  Series,  11., 
467-8). 

Although  William  of  Malmesbury  -Joes 
not  say  that  Henry  used  to  make  this 
pointed  remark  to  his  brothers,  the  last 


sentence  certainly  suggests  that  he  had  done 
so  to  one  of  them,  and  promptly  had  hi& 
head  punched.  For  we  may  say  of  boys,  as 
Dr.  Round  said  of  the  Irish,  "Aevum  non 
animum  mutant." 

Apparently  the  gibe  at  an  unlearned  king, 
was  already  proverbial,  and  its  origin  may 
be  lost  in  antiquity.  The  author  of  the 
'  Chronica  de  Gestis  Consulum  Andega- 
vorum  '  attributed  it  to  Fulk  the  Good,, 
Count  of  Anjou.  Fulk  was  a  canon  of 
St.  Martin  of  Tours,  and  liked  to  take 
part  in  the  services  at  the  festival  of  th.e 
Saint.  The  King  of  France  visiting  Tours 
on  such  an  occasion,  his  nobles  jeered  at 
the  Count,  and  Louis  himself  followed  their 
example  : — 

Rex  autem  Franciae,  cum  aliis  deludens,  nobile 
opus  viri  derisit;  quo  audito,  comes  Andegavorum 
litteras  hujusmodi  tormam  habentes  scripsit :  "  Regi 
Francorum  comes  Andegavorum.  Noveritis,  domine, 
quia  illitteratus  rex  est  asinus  coronatus."  ("  Chro- 
niques  des  Comtes  d'Anjou,'  ed.  Marchegay  et 
Sainaon,  p.  71). 

But  probably  we  are  concerned  with  one 
of  those  stories  which  are  revived  at  in- 
tervals under  various  guises  and  attributed 
to  any  one  to  whom  they  may  seem  appro- 
priate. Every  reader  must  have  com© 
across  instances  of  this  practice,  and  Barrie 
has  a  hit  at  its  occurrence  in  modern* 
journalism,  in  'When  a  Man's  Single.' 

G.  H.  WHITE. 

23  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


NEW  STYLE. — A  contemporary  ballad 
('Political  Ballads,'  ii.  311)  opens  witn  thi* 
couplet : — 

In  seventeen  hundred  and  fifty-three 
The  Style  it  was  changed,  to  popery. 

In  fact  the  Style  was  changed  as  from  Jan.  1, 
1751  (Old  Style),  which,  in  accordance  with. 
24  G.  II.  c.  23,  became  Jan.  1,  1752.  Nicolas,, 
however,  like  the  couplet  quoted  above, 
gives  Jan.  1,  1753  in  two  places  as  the^  com- 
mencement of  New  Style  in  England. 
I  am  puzzled  to  explain  an  apparent  in- 
accuracy ;  though  inasmuch  as  the  New 
Style  year,  Jan.  1-Dec.  31,  1752,  was 
incomplete  by  the  elision  of  September  3-13 
inclusive,  in  accordance  with  the  Act  of 
G.  II.,  it  can  be  stated  with  accuracy  that 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  22,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


69 


the  first  complete  English  New  Style  year 
began  on  Jan.  1,  1753.  Is  there  another 
solution  of  the  couplet  (supported  by 
Nicolas),  or  does  it  perpetuate  an  in- 
accuracy? C.  SANFORD  TERRY. 
Westerton  of  Pitfodels. 

SNUFF:  "PRINCE'S  MIXTURE." — When  I 
was  a  lad  a  favourite  kind  of  snuff  in  vogue 
was  called  "  Prince's  Mixture  " — a  very 
aromatic  snuff  it  was.  Was  it  so  designated 
on  account  of  the  maker  or  inventor  ;  or  was 
it  like  a  well-known  sauce,  made  from  the 
recipe  of  a  certain  royal  personage  addicted 
to  "  snuffing  "  ?  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Percy  House,  Well  Street,  S.  Hackney,  E.9. 

STREET  COURT,  KINGSLAND,  HEREFORD- 
SHIRE.— Among  some  family  papers  in  my 
possession  is  a  MS.  note  stating  that  an 
illustration  of  this  house  appears  in  some 
work  of  topography  or  on  country  seats. 
I  shall  be  grateful  if  any  reader  can  verify 
this  and  will  kindly  furnish  me  with  the 
reference.  V.  B.  CROWTHER-BEYNON. 

Westfield,  Beckenham,  Kent. 

CoL.  BONHAM  (FALCONER). — In  '  Game- 
"birds  and  Wildfowl,'  1850,  one  of  the 
delightful  books  written  by  that  good 
sportsman  and  naturalist  the  late  Mr.  A.  E. 
Knox  of  Trotton,  near  Petersfield,  mention 
is  made  of  his  friend  Col.  Bonham  of  the 
10th  Hussars  who  for  some  years  rented 
Scardroy  Lodge  with  about  30,000  acres  in 
Ross-shire,  near  Strathconnan.  This  moor 
was  rented  not  only  for  grouse-shooting 
but  also  for  grouse-hawking,  a  sport  to 
which  the  Colonel  was  especially  addicted, 
and  for  which  purpose  peregrine  falcons 
were  trained  and  used  by  him  in  collabora- 
tion with  setters.  Knox  has  indicated 
several  localities  in  Ireland  and  Scotland 
from  which  these  hawks  were  obtained,  and 
also  mentions  the  fact  that  Col.  Bonham 
obtained  a  pair  of  goshawks  (Astur  palum- 
barius)  which  were  bred  on  the  Duke  of 
Gordon's  estate  at  Fochabers,  on  the  Spey. 
As  there  are  comparatively  few  instances  on 
record  of  the  nesting  of  the  goshawk  in  the 
British  Islands,  it  is  regrettable,  from  the 
naturalist's  point  of  view,  that  Knox  has 
not  mentioned  the  year  in  which  Col. 
Bonham's  birds  were  taken  at  Fochabers. 
I  should  be  very  glad  if  any  reader  can 
supply  the  date,  and  at  the  same  time 
furnish  any  particulars  concerning  the 
duration  of  the  Colonel's  tenancy  of  Scard- 
roy, and  give  the  date  of  his  death.  It  may 
perhaps  afford  some  clue  to  mention  that 


he  was  a  friend  of  Mr.  Cole  Hamilton,  an 
Irish  falconer,  from  whom  he  was  in  the 
habit  of  receiving  Irish  peregrines  for  grouse 
hawking.  In  a  letter  dated  Oct.  20,  1862, 
Mr.  Knox,  whom  I  knew  very  well,  informed 
me  that  he  had  twice  seen  a  goshawk  in  the 
Forest  of  Mar.  I  now  much  regret  that  it 
did  not  occur  to  me  at  that  time  to  ask  him 
for  the  information  which  I  now  desire  to 
obtain.  J.  E.  HARTING. 

OLD  CONTRIBUTION  TO  'CHAMBERS'S 
JOURNAL.' — Perhaps  forty  years  ago  there 
appeared  in  Chambers' s  Journal  an  article — 
or  story — the  title  of  which  I  cannot  recall. 
The  tale  is  of  a  man  who  in  London  comes 
across  an  office  of  a  society  founded  about 
the  time  of  the  Lisbon  earthquake  (1755), 
for  the  relief  of  sufferers  by  that  disaster. 
He  finds  that  although  the  organization  has 
long  lost  its  usefulness,  it  still  has  some 
invested  funds,  the  interest  on  which  is 
entirely  devoted  to  paying  the  salary  of  the 
"Secretary,"  wiio  thus  holds  a  profitable 
sinecure. 

I  shall  be  very  glad  if  any  reader  can  refer 
me,  even  to  the  year  in  which  the  story 
appeared.  BURDOCK. 

New  York. 

DOUGLAS  OF  DORNOCK.  (See  5  S.  vii.  243). 
— In  Mr.  C.  T.  Ramage's  account  of  this 
family,  now  followed  by  Burke,  Archibald 
Douglas  of  Dornock  is  given  as  having 
died  s. p.  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 

In  Burke's  'Peerage,'  1921,  under  Clon- 
curry,  Valentine  Browne,  second  Lord  Clon- 
curry,  is  said  to  have  married — 

"  Secondly,  June  30,  1811,  Emily,  third  dan. 
of  Archibald  Douglas  of  Domock  (cousin  to 
Charles,  third  Duke  of  Queensberry)." 

This  lady  was  sister  of  the  Rev.  Archibald 
Douglas  who  married,  as  her  third  husband, 
Lady  Susan  Murray  (Dunmore). 

Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  give  the 
exact  relationship  of  the  Archibald  Douglas 
who  is  said  to  have  died  s.  p.  to  the  father  of 
Lady  Cloncurry  ?  W.  R.  D.  M. 

TERRESTRIAL  GLOBES.  —  About  what 
period  did  these  come  into  use  in  schools  and 
elsewhere  ?  I  came  across  a  couple  of 
miniature  ones,  dated  1832,  in  a  curiosity 
shop  a  while  ago,  measuring  one  4  and  the 
other  2  inches  in  diameter.  Though  a 
frequenter  of  such  haunts  I  have  never 
seen  any  others,  nor  can  map-sellers  give  me 
any  information  on  the  subject. 

M.  B.  H. 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.  JAN.  22, 1921. 


DR.  WELLS  :  PAPER  ON  '  THE  DEW  AND 
SINGLE  VISION.' — In  an  Italian  trans- 
lation of  a  treatise  published  in  English 
early  in  the  last  century  about  the  origin 
•of  Darwinism,  there  is  mentioned  a  paper 
by  a  Dr.  Wells  entitled  '  On  the  Dew  and 
Single  Vision.' 

Researches  made  in  Italy  have  failed  to 
trace  Dr.  Wells 's  paper.  Could  any  reader 
give  an  explanation  of  its  somewnat  puzzling 
title  (possibly  a  translation  thereof  in  Italian 
or  French)  and  a  very  short  general  idea  of 
the  paper  itself  ?  J.  GUILLERMIN. 

1  Old  Broad  Street,  B.C. 

LADY  ANNE  GRAHAM. — I  am  endeavouring 
to  trace  the  ancestry  of  a  certain  Lady 
Anne  Graham,  who  came  to  reside  in 
Jersey,  C.  I.,  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  I  understand  that  her 
husband  was  descended  from  the  Grahams, 
former  owners  of  Dalkeith  Palace.  Her 
daughter  Anne,  married  John  Dolbel  of 
Jersey  in  1792  and  died  in  1808. 

JOHN  D.  LE  CONTEUR. 

Winchester,  Hants. 

ROBERT  DARLEY  WADDILOVE. — Dean  of 
Ripon.  The  'D.N.B.'  Iviii.,  406  states  that 
he  was  the  son  of  Abel  Darley  of  Borough- 
bridge,  but  omits  the  name  of  his  mother. 
Can  any  correspondent  supply  it  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SIR  JOHN  WILSON  (1780-1856).— The  full 
date  of  his  birth  and  particulars  of  his 
parentage  are  wanted.  The  'D.N.B.'  Ixii., 
112,  gives  no  assistance,  but  I  have  come 
across  a  statement  that  he  was  a  "  son  of 
Lt.-Col.  Wilson  and  grandson  of  Philip 
Wilson  of  Balingary,  co.  Londonderry." 
Where  is  a  pedigree  of  this  family  to  be 
found  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

COAT  OF  ARMS  :  IDENTIFICATION  SOUGHT. 
— Can  any  reader  assist  me  to  identify  the 
following  (colours  cannot  be  given  as  the 
coat  occurs  sculptured  upon  a  mantelpiece 
of  Purbeck  marble)  : — 

First  and  fourth  quarters  On  a  chevron 
between  three  paws  razed  five  fire-balls  or 
bombs  and  at  the  top  of  the  chevron  an 
estoile  (or  mullet  ?). 

Second  quarter  Three  bends,  and  third 
quarter  A  chief  indented. 

The  paws  have  four  toes  with  claws,  and 
might  be  leopards,  lions  or  otters.  On  the 
opposite  side  the  arms  of  the  Ironmongers' 
Company  occur,  whilst  between  them  is  a 


coat  quite  undecipherable.  I  cannot  iden- 
tify these  arms  as  having  belonged  to  the 
'amilies  who  formerly  owned  the  house, 
which  dates  from  1460. 

CHARLES  S.  TOMES. 
Mannington  Hall,  Aylsham  Norfolk. 

SAN    SEVERING.— -Can   any   one   give    me 

he  parentage  of  Gianetta  di  San  Severino, 

he    wife    of    Louis    d'Enghien,    Count    of 

Brienne    and    Conversana    (d.    post    1383), 

whose     grandson,     Peter     de     Luxemburg, 

Count  of  St.   Pol  Brienne  and  Conversana 

d.  Aug.   31,   1433)  was  one  of  the  original 

mights  of  the  Order  of  the  Golden  Fleece 

Jan.  10,  1429  /30),  and  grandfather,  through 

Jacquetta,  Duchess  of  Bedford  and  Countess 

of  Rivers,  of  Elizabeth  Wydville,  Queen  of 

Edward  IV.  ?  MEDINEWS. 

CONSECRATED  ROSES  IN  COATS  OF  ARMS. — 
Have  there  been  any  instances  of  recipients 
of  roses  consecrated  by  the  Pope  emblazon- 
ing these  roses  in  their  coats  of  arms  ?  If 
so,  does  the  consecrated  rose  assume  a  form 
different  from  that  of  the  ordinary  heraldic 
rose  ?  NOLA. 

CHRISTMAS  PUDDING  AND  MINCE-PIES. — 
When  did  plum  pudding  become  the  recog- 
nised Christmas  pudding  and  since  when  has 
the  idea  been  in  vogue  that  every  mince- 
pie  eaten  before  Twelfth  Night  brings  luck  ? 
Fifty  years  ago  I  was  taught  that  the  first 
mince-pies  should  be  eaten  on  "  Stirup 
Sunday  "  and  every  one  eaten  between  then 
and  Twelfth  Night,  in  a  different  house, 
meant  one  month  of  happiness  in  the  New 
Year.  All  the  mince-meat  had  to  be 
finished  by  Shrove  Tuesday.  RAVEN. 

SCOLES  AND  DUKE  FAMILIES. — In  St. 
Mary's  Church,  Maryborough,  Wilts,  is  a 
monument  with  the  following  inscription  : — 

"  Near  this  Place  Lyeth  ye  Body  of  Jane,  The 
wife  of  Robert  Scoles  of  Wroughton,  gent., 
eldest  daughter  of  Andrew  Duke  of  Bulford, 
Esq.  She  died  November  16th,  1733.  Anno 
Aetat.  41." 

Heraldry  (in  colours)  :  arms  of  Scoles 
impaling  Duke,  namely,  Gules,  on  a  chevron 
between  three  escallops  argent  as  many 
mullets  of  the  fields  for  Scoles.  Per  fesse 
argent  and  azure  three  chaplets  two  and  one 
counterchanged  for  Duke.  Who  were  the 
parents  of  Robert  Scoles  ?  Any  information 
respecting  him  and  his  family  would  be 
gratefully  received. 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 


12  S.  VIII.  JAK.  22.  1921.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


71 


MAYNE  AND  KNIGHT. — Wanted  date  and 
place  of  marriage  of  Robert  Mayne,  M.P. 
for  Gatton,  Surrey,  with  Anne,  daughter  of 
John  Knight,  Esq.,  I  believe  of  Gloucester- 
shire. I  shall  also  be  glad  to  know  the  date 
of  her  death. 

Robert  Mayne,  born  1724,  was  a  London 
banker,  and  he  married,  secondly,  in  1775, 
Sarah,  dau.  and  co-heiress  of  Francis  Otway 
of  Lincolnshire.  I  shall  be  grateful  for 
information  about  the  Knight  family. 

H.  C.  BARNARD. 

Yatton,  Somerset. 

STONE HENGE. — In  the  Bristol  Museum 
there  was  to  be  seen  a  few  years  ago,  an  old 
Wiltshire  map,  illustrating  Stonehenge,  and 
shewing  nine  upright  trilithons,  dated  1610, 
by  "John  Speed."  The  lettering  read  as 
follows  : — 

Aurelius  Ambrosius 

buried  at  Stonehenge  anno  500 

This  ancient  monument  was  erected  by  Aurelius 

surnamed    Ambrosius     of     the    Brittaines    whose 

nobility  in   the    reign   of   Vortiger    his    country's 

scourge  about  ye  yere  of  Christ  475  by  treachery  of 

ye  Saxons  on  a  day  of  parley  were  there  slaughtered 

and  their  bodies  there  interred  in  memory  of  which 

the-  King  Aurel  caused  this  trophy  to   be  set  up 

admirable  to  posterity  both  in  form'and  quality. 

Was  this  the  popular  belief  in  James  I.'s 
reign  with  regard  to  the  origin  of  Stone- 
henge ?  There  are  of  course  barrows  in  the 
vicinity,  but  probably  of  an  earlier  date  than 
the  sixth  century.  Or,  is  "John  Speed " 
hastily  settling  to  his  own  satisfaction,  the 
very  abstruse  problem  concerning  the  origin 
of  Stonehenge  ?  F.  BRADBURY. 

Sheffield. 

"WYTYNG." — In  the  Glossary  to  vol.  ii. 
'  The  Stornor  Letters  e-nd  Papers  '  (Camden 
Third  Series,  xxx.,  1919)  I  read  : — 

"  Wytyng,  wyte,  to  depart,  a  sone  wytyng  a 
quick  going,  i.  97." 

Dr.  Bradley 's  edition  of  Stratmann  gives 
no  instance  of  wyten  later  than  1300  ;  so  a 
fifteenth-century  survival  would  be  valuable, 
-and  I  looked  up  the  original  ('Auc.  Corr.,' 
xlvi.  243)  only  to  find  tJtiat  Thomas  Stonor 
wrote  "a  sone  departyng."  Is  it  possible 
that  the  reference  is  wrong,  and  that  the 
word  occurs  somewhere  else  in  the  book  ? 

Q.  V. 

ANDREW  FORRESTER. — Son  of  Alexander 
Forrester,  minister  of  Tranent,  was  minister 
-of  Glencross,  and  apparently  also  of  Penicuik, 
in  1588.  Two  years  later,  he  was  translated 
to  Costorphine,  and  in  1598  was  removed 
to  Dunfermline. 


I  seek  the  name  of  Andrew  Forrester's 
wife,  also  the  names  of  his  children.  A  Nell 
Forrester,  of  Corstorphine,  married  James 
Simpson  (born  1746/49,  d.  Apr.  27,  1819) 
at  Cramond  about  1774.  Was  she  a  des- 
cendant of  Alexander  ?  Were  these  For- 
resters related  to  Sir  George  Forrester  who 
was  created  a  baronet  Mar.  17,  1625  and  a 
peer,  as  Lord  Forrester  of  Corstorphine, 
July  22,  1633  ? 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

STAPLETON  :  O' SULLIVAN. — Can  some  one 
inform  me  if  there  exist  (and  where),  any 
portraits  of  Prince  Charles  Edward's  two 
generals  Brigadier  Walter  Stapleton  sup- 
posed to  have  died  after  the  battle  of  Cullo- 
den,  1746,  and  Coi.  John  O 'Sullivan, 
knighted  by  the  Pretender,  1748,  who 
escaped  to  France  after  Culloden — date  of 
death  unknown.  (Mrs.)  C.  STEPHEN. 

Wootton  Cottage,  Lincoln. 

T.  JONES,  AUTHOR  OF  'THE  HEART  ITS 
RIGHT  SOVEREIGN,'  &c. — Can  any  particulars 
be  furnished  about  the  author  of  this  book 
— birth,  personalia  and  year  of  demise  ? 
He  also  wrote  'Rome  no  Mother  Church,' 
1678.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

[The  authorities  for  his  life  given  in  the 
'  D.N.B.'  are  Wood's  '  Athenae  Oxon.'  ;  Wood's 
'  Fasti  Oxon.'  ;  Burrows's  '  Registers  of  Visitors 
of  the  University  of  Oxford  ' ; '  Bye-Gones  relating 
to  Wales  and  the  -Border  Counties,'  Mar.  4,  1874, 
and  Jan.  20,  1875,  and  Thomas's  '  History  of  the 
House  of  St.  Asaph.'] 

JOHN  SCAIFE  (OR  SCAFE),  of  Tanfield, 
Co.  Durham,  born  in  1776  ;  was  a  Capt.  in 
43rd  Regt.  and  was  living  at  Alnwick,  Nor- 
thumberland in  1819-20.  Can  any  one  give 
further  particulars,  as  to  date  of  birth  and 
place  of  burial  ?  Have  no  access  to  Army 
Lists  so  am  prevented  from  getting  help  in 
that  way.  J.  W.  F. 

"  RIGGES"  AND  "GRANPOLES." — In  the 
Report  of  the  Royal  Cornwall  Polytechnic 
Society  for  1856,  p.  35,  Jonathan  Couch, 
F.L.S.,  &c.,  mentions  a  Commission  under 
the  Great  Seal  of  Charles  II.  in  which, 
Nicholas  Saunders  of  Truro,  is  authorized 
"to  secure,  recover,  recerise.  and  regav6 . .  . .  all 
fishes  Royall,  viz.,  Sturgeon,  Whales,  Rigges,  Por- 
puses,  Granpoles,"  &c. 

What  was  meant  in  the  days  of  "the 
Merry  Monarch  "  by  "  Rigges,"  and  "  Gran- 
poles  "  ?  "  W.  S.  B.  H. 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  22, 1021. 


REFERENCE  WANTED  to  following  pasag^,  from 
a  letter  of  Henry  Sedgwick  to  F.  W.  H.  Myers  : — 

"  My  difficulty  is  that  I  cannot  give  to  principles 
of  conduct  either  the  formal  certainty  that  comes 
from  exact  science  or  the  practical  certainty  that 
comes  from  a  real  consensus  of  experts." 

J.  E.  T. 
AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

I  should  be  much  obliged  if  any  reader  can 
give  authors'  names  and  exact  reference  for  the 
following  quotations.  I  am  quoting  only  from 
memory  : — 

1.  Did  not  the  learned  Sergeant  Maynard 
To  prove  all  traitors  guilty  strain  hard  ? 

2.  'Tis  rare  the  father  in  the  son  to  trace 

He  sometimes  rises  in  the  third  degree, 
Now  on  the  crest  of  the  wave 

And  now  in  the  trough  of  the  sea. 

3.  Oft  have  I  seen  a  game  of  chess, 
The  king  and  bishops  in  distress, 
Queen,  knights  and  castles  all  forlorn, 
And  now  and  then  a  pawn. 

W.  H.  GINGELL. 
8  East  Parade,  Leeds. 

4.  endlessly  pexplexed 

With  impulse,  motive,  right    and  wrong,   the 

ground 

Of  obligation,  what  the  rule  and  whence 
Tfce  sanction. 

[Wordsworth,  « Prelude, '  bk.  xi.  298.] 

J.  E.  T 


"  FRANCKINSENCE." 
(12  S.  viii.  29.) 

The  use  of  incense  for  ceremonial  purposes 
in  the  English  Churchpractically  ceased,  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  VI.;  it  seems,  however, 
that  no  Act  was  passed  or  order  promul- 
gated for  its  abolition.  At  Aldeburgh  and 
many  other  towns  the  Church  was  used  for 
elections  and  other  secular  purposes  ,(the 
sale  of  ships  took  place  in  the  church  at 
Aldeburgh)  and  in  this  particular  case 
I  think  the  entries  refer  to  fumigation  only 
— and  extracts  from  the  later  Chamberlains 
Account  books  (which  I  am  now  preparing 
for  *N.  &  Q.')  confirm  this  impression  : — 
1625.  Item  to  Mr.  Oldringe  for  pfume  oyle  anc 
Fran ckensence  for  the  Churche ..  00  01  06 

1625  Item  to  Mr.   Oldringe    for   pfume    Candl 

Aprill  18 00  01  06 

1626  To  Mr.  Owldrine  for  perfumes  at  Christide 

and  Easter  . .          . .          ..  00  03  00 

I  have  read  somewhere  that  the  "per 
fume  pan  "  and  bearer  bore  their  part  at  th< 
coronation  of  George  III. 

AUTHUB  T.  WINN. 

Aldeburgh 


MB.  CHAMBERS 's  query  should  probably 
}e  answered  in  the  affirmative.  The  follow- 
ng,  which  was  written  to  some  Anglican  paper 
n  the  late  nineties,  may  interest  him : — 

INCENSE,  &c. 

Sir, — In  an  interesting  book  in  my  possession 
published   in    1820,   I   find   the   following  record 
of  the  ceremonial  use  of  incense  in  the  procession 
at  the  Coronation  of  King  George  III.,  in  1761  : — 

THE  ORDER  OF  THE  PROCESSION. 

Children  of  the  Chapel  Royal 

in  surplices  with  scarlet  mantles  over  them. 

Choir  of  Westminster 

in  surplices. 
The  Kind's  Organ  Blower         The  King's  Groom  of  the 

(John  Kay),  Vestiy 

in  a   scarlet  coat,    with    a  (William  Smith), 

silver-gilt  badge  on  his  left     in  a  scarlet  dress,  holding  a 
breast.  perfuming  pan,  burning  per- 

fumers. 

The  book  also  contains  a  picture  of  the  pro- 
cession, with  William  Smith  and  his  cloud  of 
incense  and  perfuming  pan  very  much  in  evidence. 

The  same  book  also  contains  the  following 
reference  to  the  ceremonial  use  of  lighted  candles- 
at  the  funeral  of  the  previous  monarch,  King 
George  II.  : — 

At  the  entrance  within  the  chnrch,  the  Dean  and  Prebent 
daries  in  their  copes,  attended  by  the  choir,  all  having  wax 
tapert  in  th«ir  hand*,  are  to  receive  the  Royal  body,  and  are 
to  fall  into  the  procession  just  before  Clarenceux,  King  of 
Arms,  and  are  so  to  proceed  singing,  etc. 

S.  EOYLE  SHORE. 

January  16. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  Mr.  Shore  omitted 
to  give  the  title  and  other  particulars  of  the 
"interesting  book."  The  use  of  incense 
in  the  consecration  of  chanceJs  and  altars 
was  a  matter  of  complaint  among  the 
Puritans  in  1641  (see  'Hierurgia  Anglicana,' 
p.  367). 

Incense  was  "swung  and  waved  "  in  Ely 
Cathedral  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century  (see  a  letter  of  Dr.  Harvey  Goodwin^ 
Bishop  of  Carlisle  to  The  Guardian  of  Jan.  6,. 
1875). 

In  the  Form  of  Dedication  and  Consecra- 
tion of  a  Church  or  Chapel  drawn  up  in 
1685  by  Archbishop  Bancroft,  and  first 
printed  for  John  Harley  in  Holborn  in  1703, 
there  is  a  form  for  the  dedication  of  a  censer, 
and  of  candlesticks,  though  the  form  does- 
not  contemplate  that  a  censer  and  candle- 
sticks will  always  be  presented  for  dedica- 
tion. 

In  the  well-known  case  of  Martin  v_ 
Mackonochie  (L.  R.,  2  A.  and  E.  116)  Sir 
Robert  Phillimore  remarked  (p.  213),  that 
incense  "for  the  purposes  of  ornament  or 
fumigation  of  the  Church  "  appears  to  have- 
been  used  in  the  Anglican  Church  afc  various 
times  since  the  Reformation,  "  and  especially 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  22,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


by  the  saintly  Herbert,"  and  at  p.  215  he 
said  : — 

"  Bishop    Andrewes,    a    very    high    authority* 
appears  to  have  used  it,  though  in  what  way  is 
not  clear,  in  his  own  private  chapel," 
and  that  it 

"  certainly  was  in  use  in  the  time  of  King  Edward 
the  Sixth's  first  prayer  book.  The  visitation 
article  of  Cranmer  as  to  forbidding  the  censing  to 
certain  images,  &c.,  supplies  one  of  the  proofs  of 
the  fact." 

StilJ,  though  he  regarded  the  ceremonial 
use  of  incense  as  "an  ancient,  innocent,  and 
pleasing  custom,"  he  decided  that  "to 
bring  in  incense  at  the  beginning  or  during 
the  celebration  and  remove  it  at  the  close  of 
the  celebration  of  the  Eucharist,"  to  be 
"a  distinct  ceremony,  additional  and  not 
even  directly  incident  to  the  ceremonies 
ordered  by  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer," 
and  to  be  therefore  illegal. 

In  the  later  case  of  Sumner  v.  Wix  (L.  R., 
3  A.  and  E.  58)  the  same  judge  held  that  the 
use  of  incense  immediately  before  the  cele- 
bration of  the  Holy  Communion  in  such  a 
way  aa_to  be  preparatory  or  subsidiary  to 
the  celebration  was  also  illegal. 

These  legal  decisions  have,  however,  as  is 
well  known  done  very  little  to  impede  the 
ceremonial  use  of  incense  in  Anglican 
churches.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


THE  HANDLING  OF  SOURCES  (12  S.  vii. 
499). — From  the  literary  point  of  view  I  agree 
with  almost  everything  that  your  reviewer 
has  said  in  his  kindly  criticism  of  my  book 
'William  Bolts.'  But  he  raises  an  interest- 
ing question.  Given  a  mass  of  MS.  records 
of  historical  interest  concerning  a  man  once 
famous,  records  hitherto  unpublished  and 
difficult  of  access,  what  is  the  best  method  of 
making  them  available  for  the  historical 
student  ? 

He  offers  two  alternative  methods,  either 
complete  digestion  of  the  material  and  the 
composition  of  a  literary  biography,  or  the 
orderly  printing  of  the  records  with  full 
annotation. 

The  former  method  I  deliberately  rejected, 
because  it  would  not  have  made  the  records 
available  for  the  student.  For  the  same 
reason  I  rejected,  except  to  a  limited  extent, 
the  substitution  of  a  paraphrase  for  an  exact 
quotation.  It  seemed  to  me  that  the  only 
way  of  fulfilling  nty  design  was  either  to 
print  and  annotate  the  records,  in  which 
case  no  general  reader  would  open  the  book, 


or  to  put  them  kito  the  form  of  a  biography 
by  writing  a  brief  connecting  narrative, 
I  chose  the  latter  method  because,  while  it 
would  enable  me  to  retain  the  ipsissima 
verba  of  all  the  most  important  documents, 
the  story  might  still  interest  some  members 
of  the  general  public.  I  was  aware  that 
I  should  be  producing  in  either  case  what 
Charles  Lamb  would  have  called  "a  book 
which  is  no  book  "  ;  but  I  thought  that  th& 
historical  value  of  the  material  justified  me 
in  braving  the  distaste  which  the  form  of  my 
book  was  bound  to  excite — in  the  mind  of 
any  good  judge  of  literature.  I  am  still  not 
sure,  however,  whether  there  is  any  better 
way  of  doing  what  had  to  be  done — unless r 
of  course,  one  were  to  double  the  size  of  the 
volume  by  relegating  all  the  MS.  quotations 
to  an  appendix  and  writing  a  literary  bio- 
graphy with  "  something  of  a  mise-en-scene 
and  an  atmosphere."  But  then  who  would 
publish  it  ?  N.  L.  HAIXWARD. 

A  FEW  WARWICKSHIRE  FOLK  SAYINGS 
(12  S.  vii.  507  ;  viii.  35). — A  racier,  if  not  an 
earlier,  form  of  the  "  silent  sow  "  proverb  is 
recorded  in  Camden's  '  Remaines  ' :  "  The 
still  sow  eateth  up  all  the  draffe,"  p.  307 r, 
ed.  636.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

PRISONERS  WHO  HAVE  SURVIVED  HANG- 
ING (12  S.  vii.  68,  94,  114,  134,  173,  216,- 
438). — Abraham  Chovet  was  liveryman  and 
demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  the  (London) 
Company  of  Barber -Surgeons,  in  1734,  and 
for  several  years  thereafter.  S.  Weir  Mit- 
chell mentions  that  Dr.  Physick  told  his 
father  : — 

"  While  living  in  London,  Chovet  tried  to  save 
a  too  adventurous  gentleman  about  to  be  hanged 
for  highway  robbery,  by  opening  the  trachea 
before  the  hangman  operated.  The  patient  was 
rapidly  removed  after  the  execution,  and  is  said 
to  have  spoken.  A  queer  tale,  and  doubtful, 
but  worth  the  telling.  The  Government  is  said 
to  have  lacked  due  appreciation  of  this  valuable 
experiment,  and  Chovet  brought  his  queer 
Voltarian  visage  to  America." 

Quotation  is  from  p.  219  of  'American 
Medical  Biographies,'  which  Drs.  H.  A. 
Kelly  and  W.  L.  Burrage  have  recently 
edited.  This  has  many  notices  of  those  who 
(like  Mitchell)  have  ridden  two  horses, 
medicine  and  literature,  and  can  doubtless 
be  found  already  in  the  larger  libraries. 
In  any  case,  it  is  well  worth  calling  the 
attention  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  to  it. 

ROCKINGHAM. 
Boston,  Mass. 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [i2s.vm.  JAN.  22, 1021. 


VOUCHER  =  RAILWAY  TICKET  (12  S. 
Trii.  510  ;  viii.  36). — Two  unused  first  and 
second  class  "  vouchers  "  with  their  counter- 
foils intact  are  in  iny  possession.  They 
measure  8|  in.  by  3f  in.,  the  first  class 
ticket  being  on  a  poor  quality  yellow  paper 
.and  the  second  class  on  green  paper.  Each 
bears  the  initials  of  the  official  issuing  the 

The  tickets  bear  the  following  particulars  : — 


tickets   and   the   numbers   are  also  written 
These   particular  vouchers  were  issued 


FIRST  CLASS. 

BRISTOL  TO  GLOUCESTER. 
:39         August  5,  1844. 


Paid  6s.  Qd. 


at  special  rates  for  an  excursion  on  the 
occasion  of  a  Wesleyan  Conference  held  at 
Birmingham  during  the  week  beginning 
Aug.  5,  1844.  The  local  paper  states  that 
over  a  thousand  persons  travelled  by  the 
trains. 


FIRST  CLASS. 


BRISTOL  TO  GLOUCESTER. 
Monday,  August  5,  1844. 


39- 


Tke  Bearer  must  return  by  the  Special  Train  from  Gloucester,  at 
nine  o'clock  on  Tuesday  Evening,  Aug.  6,  or  exchange  this  Ticket  and 
.  Wellings,  Northgate-Street,  Gloucester,  and   return 


pay  Is.  at  Mr.  B. 

by  any  of  the  regular  Trains,  on  Wednesday,  August 
Paid  6s.  Qd. 


A.  T.  M. 


SECOND  CLASS. 

^GLOUCESTER,  CHELTENHAM. 

OR  TEWKESBURY,  TO 

BIRMINGHAM. 

.562       August  5,  1844. 


Paid  5s.  Qd. 


This   Ticket  must  be   carefully  preserved   and   produced   when 
required. 

SECOND  CLASS. 


GLOUCESTER,  CHELTENHAM,  OR  TEWKESBURY,  TO   BIRMINGHAM. 
562  Monday,  August  5,  1844. 


Gloucester. 


The  Bearer  may  return  by  either  of  the  Trains  which  leave  the 
Camp-Hill  Station,  Birmingham,  Monday  Evening,  at  Eight  o'clock,  or 
Tuesday  Afternoon,  at  Six  o' Clock. 

Paid  5s.  Qd.  .  A.  T.  M. 

This  Ticket  must  be  carefully  preserved  and  produced  when 
required. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 


WILLIAM  AND  RALPH  SHELDON  (12  S. 
-vii.  466,  516). — While  information  has  been 
given  in  regard  to  the  tapestry  industry 
founded  at  Barcheston  by  William  Sheldon 
of  Beoley,  and  his  identity  has  been  estab- 
lished, his  relationship  to  the  Catherine 
Sheldon  who  married  Edmund  Plowden  is 
;Still  unanswered.  In  the  hope  that  more 
information  may  be  forthcoming,  let  me 
state  the  difficulty.  The  question  is 
whether  Catherine  was  the  daughter  of  this 
William  (Sheldon  pedigree)  or  his  cousin 
(Plowden  pedigree  according  to  Archdeacon 
-Cameron  in  the  extract  quoted  by  MB. 
WAINEWRIGHT).  The  Sheldon  pedigree  will 
be  found  in  full  detail  in  Nash's  '  Worcester- 
shire, 1781-99,'  having  been  contributed  to 
that  work  by  J.  C.  Brooke,  Somerset  Herald, 
as  an  act  of  gratitude  to  the  memory  of  the 
"great"  Ralph  Sheldon  (1623-84)  who 
gave  over  300  MSS.  and  numerous  pedigrees 
to  the  College  of  Arms.  Some  useful  addi- 
tions are  contained  in  Glazebrook's  '  The 
Heraldry  of  Worcestershire.'  1873,  and  in 
the  Sheldon  pedigree  in  vol.  v.,  p.  849,  of 
JToley's  '  Records  of  the  English  Province  of 


the  Society  of  Jesus.'  According  to  these 
authorities,  Ralph  Sheldon  who  married  the 
heiress  of  the  Rudings  and  acquired  with 
her  land  in  Beoley,  Feckenham,  Hanbury 
and  Martin  Hussingtree,  had  six  sons.  Of 
these  William,  the  eldest,  of  Barford  Hall, 
purchased  the  Manor  of  Beoley  from 
Richard  Neville,  Lord  Latimer,  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  IV.  He  was  an  ardent  supporter 
of  the  House  of  York,  followed  Richard  III. 
to  Bosworth  and  had  his  estates  confiscated 
by  the  victorious  Henry  VII.  He  died  with- 
out issue  September,  1517,  the  estates 
having  been  restored  to  him  in  that  year 
[This  is  the  William  that  the  Plowden 
pedigree  makes  father  of  Catherine.] 
William's  younger  brother  Ralph  eventually 
succeeded  to  the  Beoley  property.  He 
married  Philippa,  daughter  and  co -heiress  of 
Baldwin  Heath  and  died  September,  1546. 
Of  their  issue  William  the  eldest  son  is  the 
one  who  established  the  tapestry  works  at 
Barcheston  having  married  as  his  first  wife 
Mary,  daughter  and  co -heiress  cf  William 
Willington  of  Barcheston.  He  purchased 
the  Manor  of  Weston  "uxla  Chiriton,  co 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  22,  1921.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


75 


Warwick,  24  Henry  VIII.  Of  his  brothers, 
Francis  was  the  founder  of  the  Sheldons  of 
Abberton,  Thomas  of  the  Sheldons  of 
-Childswicombe  and  Baldwin  of  the  Sheldons 
of  Broadway. 

William  Sheldon,  ob.  Dec.  23,  1570,  had 
issue  two  sons  and  four  daughters  by  his 
marriage  with  Philippa  Heath.  Ralph  the 
.heir  (1537-1613)  built  the  mansion  at 
Weston  which  became  the  principal  residence 
of  the  family  after  the  destruction  of  the 
house  at  Beoley  during  the  Civil  War.  He 
-also  purchased  Steeple  Barton,  co.  Oxon. 
His  first  wife  was  Anne,  daughter  of 
Sir  Robert  Throgmorton  of  Coughton. 
•Catherine  who  married  Edmund  Plowden 
was  one  of  his  four  sisters. 

If  the  Sheldon  pedigree  be  correct, 
Catherine  must  have  been  much  younger, 
than  her  husband.  If,  ^n  the  other  hand, 
she  was  the  daughter  of 'William  Sheldon  of 
Barford  Hall,  her  father  died  1517,  the  same 
year  that  her  husband  Edmund  Plowden 
"was  born. 

Perhaps  the  privately  printed  '  Records 
of  the  Piowden  Family,'  by  B.  M.  P.,  1874, 
may  throw  some  light  on  this  question. 
I  have  not  access  to  this  work  nor  can  I,  at 
the  moment,  refer  to  the  Plowden  pedigree 
in  Foley's  '  Records,'  vol.  iv. 

To  those  using  the  Brooke  pedigree  in 
Nash,  I  would  add  one  word  of  caution. 
By  a  slip,  probably  a  printer's  error,  Ralph 
Sheldon,  who  succeeded  to  the  estates  on  the 
death  in  1684  of  his  cousin  the  "  great  Ralph 
Sheldon,"  is  given  as  Rcbert,  and  this  mistake 
has  been  copied  by  Dr.  Kirk  in  his  '  Bio- 
graphies of  English  Catholics.'  Nash  in  the 
text  of  his  book  correctly  describes  him  as 
Ifcalph.  RORY  FLETCHER. 

THE  BRITISH  IN  CORSICA  (12  S.  viii.  10, 
35,  59). — According  to  Clowes's  'History  of 
the  British  Navy,'  a  squadron  was  sent  to 
Corsica  in  1745,  under  the  command  of 
Com.  Thomas  Cooper.  Bastia  was  bom- 
barded for  two  days,  Nov.  17-19,  after 
which  Cooper  withdrew,  two  of  his  ships 
having  suffered  somewhat  severely.  No 
further  details  of  the  expedition  are  given, 
and  as  no  mention  of  it  is  made  in  For- 
tescue's  'History  of  the  British  Army,'  we 
may  conclude  that,  so  far  as  the  British 
Army  was  concerned,  it  was  a  purely  naval 
operation. 

In  September,  1793,  Lord  Hood  des- 
patched a  squadron  of  five  ships  from 
"Toulon,  under  Com.  Robert  Linzee,  which 
on  Oct.  1  bombarded  Formeille,  near  San 


Fiorenzo,  without  effect.  After  the  evacua- 
tion of  Toulon  Hood  despatched  five  ships, 
again  under  Com.  Linzee,  with  transports 
containing  troops  commanded  by  Major- 
General  David  Dundas,  the  expedition 
arriving  in  Mortella  Bay  on  Feb.  7,  1794. 
The  troops  consisted  of  detachments  of  the 
following  regiments  :  2 /1st,  llth,  25th,  30th, 
50th,  51st  (under  Lieut. -Col.  Moore,  after- 
wards Sir  John  Moore)  and  69th.  Later  on 
they  were  joined  by  the  18th.  San  Fiorenzo 
was  taken  on  Feb.  17,  but  Bastia,  which 
was  next  attacked,  proved  a  harder  nut  to 
crack.  Owing  to  differences  with  Lord 
Hood  as  to  the  conduct  of  the  operations 
Dundas  gave  up  his  command,  and  left  on 
Mar.  11,  being  succeeded  by  Col.  D'Aubant, 
of  the  Engineers,  the  naval  force  on  shore 
being  under  Nelson,  then  in  command 
of  the  Agamemnon.  Bastia  surrendered, 
owing  to  want  of  provisions,  in  May,  and 
shortly  after  Charles  Stuart  arrived  and 
took  command  of  the  forces.  Calvi  was 
attacked  on  June  19,  and  surrendered  after 
a  siege  of  fifty-one  days.  It  was  during 
these  operations  that  Nelson's  eye  was 
injured  by  some  sand  or  gravel,  thrown  up 
by  a  round  shot,  the  sight  of  which  was 
eventually  lost.  The  casualties  were  slight, 
but  the  troops  suffered  terribly  from  sick- 
ness, two -thirds  of  the  force  being  in  hospital 
at  the  end  d'f  the  siege,  and  the  remaining 
third  worn  out  by  their  exertions. 

I  have  failed  to  find  details  of  the  opera- 
tions in  1814,  referred  to  by  F.  M.  M. 

T.  F.  D. 

MATTHEW  PARIS  (12  S.  viii.  28,  58). — 
The  passage  required  is  to  be  found  at 
pp.  279-280  of  vol.  iv.  of  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls'  edition — erased  in  MS.  B.,  but  given 
in  MS.  C. 

The  prophecies  of  St.  Hildegard  are 
printed  in  Migne,  '  Patrclogia  latina,'  vol. 
cxcvii.,  pp.  145-382,  according  to  Potthast 
('Bibl.  Hist.  MediiAevi,"  1896  edition,  vol.  i. 
p.  598).  W.  A.  B.  C. 

[Text  of  passage  has  been  given  by  PROF. 
BENSLY  at  ante.  p.  50.] 

ASKELL  (12  S.  vii.  409,  513). — It  might  be 
noted  that  Lindkirst  in  his  'Middle  English 
Place  Names  of  Scandinavian  Origin  '  (Upsala, 
1912)  at  f.  173  says  the  names  Asketill, 
Askell,  Eskell — old  west  Scandinavian— had 
a  wide  diffusion  in  England  in  O.E.  times 
and  was  one  of  the  most  usual  Scandinavian 
names  there — Askytel,  Askill,  Aeskitil,  Eskil, 
&c.  See  also  Bjorkman,  '  Personennamen, ' 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  22, 1021. 


f.  16.  Again,  see  Munch  in  his  '  Samlede 
Afhandlinger  '  (G.  Storm),  vol.  iii.,  1857, 
'Names  of  Norsk  origin '  f .  126  on  Ketil  and. 
affiliated  names  Askel,  Grimketil,  &c.  The 
A.-S.  forms  were  Oseytel,  Grimcytel.  Com- 
pare also  O.  Lygh  work  on  'Scandinavian 
Personal  Names.'  This  seems  to  eliminate 
Askulfr-Anskekle,  &c.,  as  that  name  existed 
in  England  before  the  Normans  came  here. 
ALEX.  C.  MOFFAT. 

'^FRANKENSTEIN  "  (12  S.  viii.  31). — An 
instance  of  this  prevalent  confusion  occurs 
in  the  last  sentence  of  the  fifth  paragraph 
of  chap.  xxix.  in  1  James  Payn's  novel 
'By  Proxy,'  first  published  in  1878.  The 
most  satisfactory  explanation  of  the  error 
seems  to  be  that  Mrs.  Shelley's  story  is 
little  read,  although  most  people  who  write 
have  a  vague  acquaintance  with  the  plot  of 
the  same.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

FRIDAY  STREET  (12  S.  vii.  490;  viii.  16). — 
It  is  remarkable  that  replying  to  this  query 
reference  has  not  been  made  to  the  late 
Mr.  H.4A.  Harben's  'Dictionary  of  London.' 
Obviously  the  name  is  derived  from  the 
day  of  the  week  and  its  use  as  a  market  for 
a  specific  dietary  or  commodity  is  not 
necessarily  a  direct  cause  of  its  being  so 
named.  Its  earliest  mention  (Hen.  II. 
cited  by  Harben,  p.  246)  is  almost  con- 
temporary with  the  existence  of  Fish  wharf 
("Kaya  que  vocatur  Le  FisshewarfL "  vide 
Harben,  p.  233).  This  and  other  places  were 
retail  markets  of  Friday's  special  need  with- 
out being  so  named  ;  so  the  inference  is  that 
the  market  that  gave  Friday  Street  its  name 
was  not  principally  in  fish  or  supported  by 
fishmongers.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

THE    REV.    JOHN    THEOPHILUS    DESAGTJ 
LIERS    (12    S.    v.     318). — It    appears    from 
Agnew,    'Protestant    Exiles    from    France, 
(2nd  ed.),  ii.  pp.  89-94,  and  the  pedigree  in  The 
Genealogist,   vol.    v.,   that   John  TheophiluE 
Desaguliers,  married  at  Shadwell  on  Oct.  14 
1712,  Joanna,  dau.  of  William  Pudsey,  Esq 
About    his    three    sons    referred     to    in 
the  '  D.N.B.,'  there*is  some  discrepancy. 

Agnew  gives  (1 )  John  Theophilus,  b.  Mar.  7 
1715  ;  d.  Aug.  19,  1716  ;  (2)  John  Theophilus 
b.  Aug.  18,  1718  ;  (3)  John  Isaac,  b.  Oct.  17 
1719,  a  beneficed  clergyman  in  Norfolk,wh< 
survived  only  to  1751  ;  (4)  Thomas,  b.  Feb.  5 
1721,  Equerry  to  George  HI.  ;  with  othe 
details  given  in  'D.N.B.' 

According  to  the  pedigree  John  Isaac,  th 
third  son,  d.  Oct.  31,  1719,  and  the  son  wh 


ied    in    1751    was    John    Theophilus  :    the 
edigree    also  gives  Thomas's  birth -date  as 
an.   5,   1720/1,  and  gives  the  name  of  his 
wife,  Mary,  dau.  of  John  (F.  A.  Crisp,  'Visit, 
f  Eng.,'  Notes,  vol.  ii,  Shuttleworth  pedi- 
gree, calls  him  Job)  Blackwood  of  Charlton, 


It  seems  probable  on  the  whole  that  there 
ere  only  two  sons  to  survive  .infancy.  It 
s  certain  that  Thomas  was  the  fourth  son 
see  a  note  to  the  pedigree  in  The  Genealogist), 
nd  neither  authority  mentions  a  son  younger 
han  Thomas.  J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

"Now,  THEN —  !  "  (12  S.  vii.  469,  512  ;  viii.. 
7,  38). — Na  is  paralleled  in  Slavonic  lan- 
guages by  the  interjection  nu,  used  as  a  term 
>f  encouragement.  For  example,  Russian,  nu 
hto,  "  well,  what  now  "  ? — Czech,  nu  dobre, 
'Well,  now  !  "  FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

My  experience  of  this  expression  differs 
rom  that  of  MR.  ARMSTRONG.  I  know  it 
as  a  warning.  For  example :  two  small-' 
>oys  climbing  over  a  garden  wall:  passer- 
>y,  wishing  to  stop  them,  "Now,  then  1 " 
and  they  rapidly  came  back  to  the  footpath, 
and  decamped.  Q«  V. 

KENSINGTON  GRAVEL  AT  VERSAILLES 
V12  S.  viii.  30,  57). — That  the  gravel  pits  at 
Kensington  were  of  early  date  is  indicated 
ay  two  tokens  in  my  cabinet,  one  a  half- 
penny issued  by  Peter  Sammon,  dated  1667 
"in  Kinsingt on  Gravel  Pits."  The  other ,. 

halfpenny  of  Robert  Davenporte  (undated 
but  of  the  same  period),  "  at  Kinsingto™- 
Gravell  Pits." 

WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.R.N.S. 

The  following  will  be  found  in  Swift's 
'Journal  '  to  Stella,  November,  1711  : — 

"  The  Lord  Treasurer  has  had  an  ugly  return 
of  his  gravel,     'lis  good  for  us  to  live  in  gravel- 
pite   [Kensington   Gravel  Pits  was  noted  for  it 
good  air]  but  not  for  gravel  pits  to  live  in  us 
a  man  in  this  case  should  leave  no  stone  unturned.' 

H.  E.  T. 

REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8,  34,  54).- 
There  is  one  aspect  of  this  question  whicl 
will  be  abundantly  obvious  to  PUBLIC 
LIBRARIAN,  although,  in  his  position,  he 
could  not  be  expected  to  refer  to  it,  viz.,  that 
private  collectors  would  frequently  be  placed 
on  the  horns  of  a  dilemma,  either  to  run  the 
risk  of  damage  to,  or  the  loss  of  some  of, 
their  treasures  as  a  consequence  of  lending, 
or  appear  churlish  by  refusing  to  lend.  For 
it  is  a  lamentable  fact  that  few  people  aro 


i2s.vm.jAK.22fio2i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


-capable  of  handling  books  properly.  Hence 
I  have  no  desire  to  advertise  nay  own  fairly 
-large  collection  of  Yorkshire  books. 

In  addition  to  the  collection  in  York 
Minster  Library  mentioned  by  ST.  SWITHIN, 
DR.  ROWE  may  like  to  know  that  the  Wake- 
field  Public  Library  has  a  large  collection  of 
local  works.  If  my  memory  serves  me 
correctly,  these  were  once  the  property  of 
Charles  Skidmore,  Esq.,  who  had  its  con- 
tents catalogued  by  the  late  C.  A.  Federer. 
This  catalogue,  privately  printed,  is  an 
extremely  useful  guide.  Mr.  W.  T.  Free- 
mantle's  '  Bibliography  of  Sheffield  Books  ' 
may  also  be  mentioned  here,  it  is  a  model 
of  what  such  a  work  should  be,  and  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  we  may  see  It  completed,  for 
as  yet  it  only  comes  down  to  the  year  1700. 

E.  G.  B. 

If  I  remember  aright  on  the  decease  of 
Robert  Davies,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  (a  former  Town 
Clerk  of  York)  many  valuable  books  and 
pamphlets  relating  to  Yorkshire,  from  his 
collection,  went  to  enrich  the  Minster 
Library^  T.  SEYMOUR. 

Newton  Road,  Oxford. 

EARLY  ASCENT  OF  MONT  BLANC  (12  S. 
viii.  30). — Henry  Humphrey  Jackson,  who 
made  the  thirteenth  successful  ascent  of 
Mont  Blanc,  Sept.  4,  1823,  was  the  only  son 
of  Henry  Jackson  of  Lewes,  Sussex.  He  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1801,  and  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School,  Jan.  10,  1815,  where  he 
remained  until  April,  1819.  He  matriculated 
at  Oxford  from  Exeter  Coll.,  June  2,  1819, 
but  appears  to  have  never  resided  there. 
I  should  be  glad  to  ascertain  the  date  of  his 
death.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

It  seems  not  unlikely  that  the  eleventh 
of  Mr.  Montagnier's  series  was  John  Dunn 
Gardner,  born  July  20,  1811,  died  Jan.  11, 
1903.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster, 
and  was  M.P.  for  Bodkin,  1841-6.  He  died 
J.P.  for  the  Isle  of  Ely,  and  D.L.  for  Cam- 
bridgeshire. He  married:  (1)  1847,  Mary, 
dau.  of  Andrew  Lawson,  late  M.P.,  of  The 
Hall,  Boroughbridge,  Yorks ;  and  (2)  1853, 
Ada,  dau.  of  William  Pigott,  of  Dullingham 
House,  Cambridgeshire. 

HARMATOPEGOS 

THE  GREEN  MAN  :  ASHBOURNE  (12  S. 
viii.  29). — I  remember  visiting  this  old 
country  town  and  remarking  what  I  believe 
is  a  unique  feature.  There  is  a  strange  local 
•custom  of  plavinoj  football  there  in  the  main 
^street  at  certain  fixed  periods.  In  this  sport 


all  the  natives  old  and  young  participate. 
I  fancy  the  sign  then  gets  badly  used. 

What  I  wish  to  know  is  this,  why  was  the 
house  called  The  Green  Man  ?  There  are 
other  "publics"  of  like  nomenclature,  for 
example,  Leytonstone  and  Winchmore  Hill, 
Neither  of  those  taverns  have  any  painted 
figures.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Percy  House,  Well  Street,  S.  Hackney,  E.9. 

CHARLES  PYE,  ENGRAVER  (12  S.  viii.  10). 
— Charles  Pye  (not  G.  Pye)  was  born  in 
Birmingham  in  1777.  He  was  apprenticed 
to  James  Heath,  the  celebrated  engraver. 
He  published  a  very  interesting  '  Description 
of  Modern  Birmingham,  made  in  an  Excur- 
sion round  the  Town  in  1818.'  In  1808 
William  Hamper  the  antiquary  writes  :-— 

"  Charles  Pye  the  engraver  has  returned  to 
Birmingham.  He  is  m.uch  improved  (witness  his 
plate  of  Malmesbury  Cross  in  Britten's  '  Anti- 
quities '),  and  is  certainly  an  able  artist.  He  has 
made  drawings  of  the  Birmingham  Priory  and 
Deritend  Guild  Seals,  and  will  engrave  them  for 
me,  and  as  he  intends  to  follow  the  profession 
of  a  draughtsman  (for  which  he  is  well  fitted), 
in  preference  to  an  engraver,  J  shall  find  him  very 
useful  about  Aston  Church,  its  interesting  monu- 
ments, &c." 

On  Apr.  1,  1852,  Pye  writes  from  London 
to  a  friend  : — 

"  Although  my  sight  still  continues  very  bad, 
I  have  managed  to  put  together  the  coins  I 
promised,  and  have  sent  them  to  you  by  rail 
addressed  to  the  Stamp  Office." 

He  gives  particulars,  and  says  he  still  has 
the  copper-plates  cf  the  octavo  edition  and 
would  be  glad  to  sell  them,  but  those  of  the 
quarto  edition  he  has  sold  to  Sir  George 
Chetwynd,  who,  he  believes,  has 
"  left  them,  together  with  the  coins  they  illus- 
trated to  trustee?,  and  having  omitted  to  mention 
the  subject  or  intention  of  the  trust,  the  coins, 
&c.,  have  been  packed  in  a  box,  and  will  now 
be  deposited  in  the  cellars  of  his  former  bankers 
here  ;  where  I  suppose  they  will  remain  unseen 
and  unknown  until  some  future  Sir  George  may 
feel  sufficient  interest  in  the  matter  to  bring 
them  to  light  again." 

The  writer  of  the  letter  containing  the 
above  details  (signed  "  J.  M.,  53  Gough 
Road,  Birmingham  ")  hopes  that  the  coins 
may  be  found.  He  says  he  has  a  small 
statuette  of  Pye,  and  speaks  of  a  private 
token  issued  by  the  latter  as  a  beautiful 
example  of  the  die-sinker's  art. 

Charles  Pye  had  a  younger  brother  John, 
who  was  a  far  more  famous  engraver  than 
himself.  He  was  a  well-known  man,  and 
energetically  advocated  the  admission  of 
engravers  to  the  honours  of  the  Royal 
Academy.  The  particulars  of  his  life  will 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  22, 1921. 


be  found  in  the  '  D.N.B.'    He  died  in  London 
at  a  great  age  in  1874. 

There  was  another  John  Pye,  also  a 
noted  engraver,  some  of  whose  works  were 
published  by  Boydell  in  1775.  The  date  of 
his  death  appears  to  be  unknown,  and  there 
is  no  appearance  of  any  connexion  between 
him  and  the  family  of  Charles  Pye. 

HOWARD  S.  PEARSON. 

KENTISH  BOROUGHS  (12  S.  vii.  511). — 
"  Borough  "  as  used  by  Hasted  and  earlier 
Kentish  writers  is  equivalent  to  ' '  tithings  ' ' 
in  other  counties,  i.e.,"  a  district  com- 
posed originally  of  ten  freemen,  heads  of 
families  who  were  sureties  for  each  other ' ' 
(Sandys,  '  History  of  Gavelkind  '). 

The  borough  of  Crothall  is,  no  doubt,  now 
indicated  by  a  farm  in  Benenden  parish 
called  Critt  Hall  and  in  former  times,  Grit 
Hole. 

In  Benenden  churchyard  there  are,  or 
were,  several  gravestones  to  members  of  a 
family  named  Crothall  dating  from  1738-52, 
and  a  Robert  Crothall  is  mentioned  in  the 
Archdeacon's  'Visitation  '  of  1603. 

It  is  probable  that  there  was  a  "  dene  " 
of  the  same  name  spelt  Cradhole  or  Crithole. 

H.  HANNEN. 

The  Hall,  West  Farleigh,  Kent. 

"  HEIGHTEM,  TIGHTEM  AND  SCRUB  "  (12  S. 
vii.  248,  295,  356). — "Hightum,  Tightum, 
and  Scrub  "  are  mentioned  under  the  year 
1818,  in  I.  T.  Smith's  'A  Book  for  a  Rainy 
Day,'  edited  by  Wilfred  Whitten  (1905), 
p.  230.  A.  H.  S. 

CARLYLE'S  TRENCH  REVOLUTION  '  (12  S. 
viii.  29). — It  looks  very  much  as  if  Carlyle 
has  made  a  mistake,  for  Billaud -Varennes 
was  banished  to  Sinnamari,  which  is  near 
Cayenne,  and  the  Surinam  is  in  Dutch 
Guiana  far  away.  Were  there  an  ocean- 
current  flowing  eastward  it  might  perhaps 
have  carried  alluvial  matter  from  the 
Surinam  in  the  direction  of  Sinnamari,  but 
the  Equatorial  current  runs  in  the  opposite 
direction. 

But  even  if  Carlyle  confused  the  Surinam 
with  some  other  river,  it  does  not  follow 
that  Billaud  was  seriously  inconvenienced 
by  river-mud  on  any  occasion.  Carlyle  says 
little  about  his  exile,  but  such  impression  as 
he  gives  is  incorrect  probably.  Everything 
goes  to  prove  that  Billaud  had  as  pleasant 
a  time  in  French  Guiana  as  was  possible 
under  the  circumstances.  He  himself  speaks 
in  one  of  his  letters  (published,  I  think,  since 


Carlyle  wrote)  of  the  beautiful  landscape 
and  of  his  delightful  home,  as  romantic  "as 
it  was  picturesque.  Carlyle  tells  us  that  her 
"surrounded  himself  with  flocks  of  tame 
parrots,"  whereas  the  parrots  were,  no 
doubt,  always  there  and  would  have  re- 
mained there  without  Billaud 's  kind  atten- 
tions. This  judicial  assassin  occupied  him- 
self mainly  with  agricultural  pursuits,, 
meditating  on  the  doctrines  contained  in 
'Emile,'  impressing  upon  his  erring  wife  in 
France  that  there  is  such  a  thing  as  "  an 
irreparable  fault  "  and  enjoying  the  rural 
calm  all  the  more  after  the  terrific  ex- 
periences of  his  political  career.  Carlyle,  in 
short,  seems  to  have  aimed  at  setting  forth 
striking  details  rather  than  at  producing  a 
picture  of  what  really  happened. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

DANIEL  DEFOE  IN  THE  PILLORY  (12  S. 
viii.  12). — In  reply  to  G.  B.  M.'s  question 
the  following  extract  from  The  London 
Gazette,  No.  3936,  Aug.  2,  1703,  may  be  of 
interest  : — 

"  (London,  July  31  1703.)  On  (Thursday)  the 
29th  instant,  Daniel  Foe  alias  Be  Foe,  stood  in 
the  Pillory  before  the  Koyal  Exchange  in  Cornhill, 
as  he  did  yesterday  near  the  Conduit  in  Cheapside, 
and  this  day  at  Temple  Bar  ;  in  pursuance  of  the 
sentence  given  agairst  him,  at  the  last  Sessions 
at  the  Old  Bailey,  for  writing  and  publishing  a 
seditious  libel,  intituled  '  The  Shortest  Way  with 
the  Dissenters.'  By  which  sentence,  he  is  also 
fined  200  marks,  to  find  sureties  for  his  good 
behaviour  for  seven  years,  and  to  remain  in 
prison  till  all  be  performed." 

W.  W.  DRUETT. 

PRONUNCIATION  OF  GREEK  (AND  LATIN) 
(12  S.  viii.  26). — This  interesting  question 
raises  another.  When  was  the  pronuncia- 
tion of  Latin  altered  in  England  from  the 
mediaeval  Continental  fashion,  in  vogue  at 
the  time  of  the  Reformation,  and  still  used 
in  English  Roman  Catholic  churches.  I  have- 
put  the  question  to  many  scholars,  each  of 
whom  has  given  a  different  answer.  The 
process  must  have  been  gradual,  but  when 
was  it  finally  adopted  ?  SURREY. 

FAMILY  OF  DICKSON  (12  S.  viii.  28).— 
MR.  SETON-ANDERSON  may  find  reference 
to  the  following  work  (copy  in  Brit.  Mus.)  of 
interest  : — 

"  The  Border  or  Biding  Clans,  followed  by  a 
history  of  the  Clan  Dickson,  and  a  brief  account 
of  the  family  of  the  author,  &c." 

"  Enlarged  Edition  pp.  223.  Joel  Munsell's 
Sons,  Publishers,  Albany,  N.Y.,  U.S.A.,  1889,'jl<V 
For  private  distribution." 

D.  INTERIORIS  TEMPLI. 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  22,  1921.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


79 


BOOKS  ON  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  LIFE 
(12  S.  vii.  511). — I  have  in  my  possession  a 
MS.  of  the  eighteenth  century,  which  states, 
on  good  authority,  that  the  "  Monks  "  or 
members  of  the  Medmenham  Society  were 
as  follows  : — 

"  L*  Le  De  Spencer,  Dr  Benjamin  Bates, 
jno  wilkes  Esqr,  Paul  Whitehead,  Esqr,  Ld  Sand- 
wich, BeV1  Mr  Levett,  Mr  Bivett,  Sr  W™  Stanhope, 
Sr  John  Delaval,  Sr  Wm  Hamilton,  Sr  Thomas 
Stapleton." 

A  good  deal  of  information  about  the 
society  is  contained  in  a  book  called 
'Chrysal,'  written  "conjunctively  "  by  the 
celebrated  John  Wilkes  and  a  Mr.  Potter, 
nephew  to  Dr.  Potter,  Bishop  of  Gloucester  ; 
the  story  is  founded  on  fact,  but  told  in 
"  a  most  ludicrous  and  exaggerated  manner. " 
The  "  Monks ' '  are  also  dealt  with  in  a  modern 
novel  called  'Sir  Richard  Escombe,'  by 
Max  Pemberton.  This  also  appears  to  be 
somewhat  highly  coloured. 

BENJAMIN  WHITEHEAD. 

2  Brick  Court,  Temple  E.  C.4. 

A  NOTE  ON  SAMUEL  PEPYS'S  *  DIARY  ' 
(12  S.  vii  507  ;  viii.  31). — I  wonder  if  your 
correspondent  knows  of  the  collection  of 
Pepys's  letters — official,  I  believe — in  the 
charter  closet  at  Gordonstoun  near  Elgin, 
the  seat  of  Sir  William  Gordon  Gumming,  to 
whose  ancestor  I  think  they  were  written. 
They  were  shown  to  me  some  twenty  years 
or  more  ago.  R.  B — R. 

STEVENSON  AND  Miss  YONGE  (12  S* 
viii.  30). — Someone  has  written  me  direct* 
referring  me  to  : — • 

"  '  The  Young  Stepmother  '  (first  published  as 
a  serial  in  The  Monthly  Packet  1857-60)  where 
Gilbert  Kendal  is  detected  reading  '  one  of  the 
worst  and  most  fascinating  of  Dumas's  romances  ' 
and  d'Artagnan  is  mentioned." 

As  my  informant  omits  name  and  address, 
I  am  unable  to  thank  him  except  through 
'N.  &  Q.',  which  I  hasten  to  do;  and  in 
case  the  above  information  is  not  otherwise 
being  sent  to  the  Editor  for  insertion,  here 
it  is.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 

EARLY  RAILWAY  TRAVELLING  (12  S. 
vii.  461,511;  viii.  13,32). — Humour  in  railway 
station  design,  described  at  the  last  reference, 
is  not  confined  to  Ireland.  We  have  an 
example  of  it  on  the  L.S.W.  line  at  Dor- 
chester, amusing  to  the  leisured,  and  ex- 
asperating to  the  hurried,  traveller.  There, 
trains  may  daily  be  seen  rushing  past  their 
proper  platform,  and  then  solemnly  backing 
to  the  appointed  place. 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 


Jiote  rrn 

English  Wayfariny  Life  in  the  Middle  Ages.  By 
J.  J.  Jusserand.  A  new  edition  revised  and 
enlarged  by  the  Author.  (Fisher  Un win,  25s.) 
WE  are  glad  to  welcome  an  old  friend  in  a  new 
edition  of  M.  Jusserand's  '  English  Wayfaring 
Life.'  It  is  now  some  five  and  thirty  years  since 
'La  Vie  Nomade  '  first  made  its  appearance, 
and  some  thirty  since  the  first  English  edition 
was  published.  Within  this  period  there  have 
been  not  fewer  than  nine  impressions,  a  fact 
that  vouches  for  the  popularity  of  the  work. 
The  volume  before  us  is  the  second  edition, 
printed  from  new  plates,  revised  in  the  light  of 
modern  research  by  its  distinguished  author,, 
virtually  a  new  book.  In  format,  too,  we  note 
a  difference.  Those  who  are,  familiar  with  the 
older  edition  will  not  be  displeased  to  find  that 
this — perhaps  the  most  successful  of  M.  Jusse- 
rand's labours — has  been  brought  into  line  with 
the  author's  more  ambitious  work  '  A  Literary 
History  of  the  English  people.'  This  is  all  to 
the  good  ;  for  in  the  later  impressions  the  platea 
were  beginning  to  exhibit  distinct  signs  of  wear 
and  tear,  and  lovers  of  the  book  could  not  but 
hope  that  this  delicate  piece  of  work  might  escape 
the  fate  of  most  stereotyped  classics.  The  pub- 
lishers are  to  be  congratulated  on  their  enterprise 
in  undertaking  the  work  in  these  difficult  times 
and  on  carrying  it  through  so  successfully. 

In  the  preface  to  the  new  edition  (in  itself  a 
graceful  piece  of  writing)  the  author  reveals  to 
us  the  genesis  of  the  work.  In  the  first  ardour 
of  youth,  when  the  shouldering  of  vast  intellectual 
burdens  is  a  matter  lightly  undertaken,  he  pro- 
posed to  make  his  life  companion  a  social  history 
of  England  in  the  fourteenth  century,  that  century 
of  unique  interest  in  which  the  amalgamation  of 
race  being  all  but  complete,  we  see  the  definite 
emerging  of  English  traits  and  characteristic?, 
and  the  first  blossoming  of  a  national  literature. 
But  diplomatic  duties  proved  too  exacting,  and 
our  author  abandoning  perforce  the  whole  devoted 
himself  to  perfecting  the  part.  The  result  is  a 
classic,  a  classic  of  essentially  French  character. 
For  it  is  in  the  selection  of  a  limited  field  of  research 
in  the  digestion  of  a  vast  amount  of  knowledge 
derived  from  original  sources,  and  in  the  presenta- 
tion of  the  whole  pleasantly  leavened  with  a 
delicate  play  of  wit  and  irony  that  the  peculiar 
strength  of  much  French  scholarship  lies.  A 
somewhat  similar  tour  de  force  lies  to  the  credit 
of  Maitland,  whose  r£sum6  of  our  constitutional 
history  is  a  classic  in  its  kind.  But  here  the  field 
is  larger  and  occasions  for  the  lighter  touch 
appreciably  fewer.  A  further  merit  is  that  the 
book  was  virtually  the  work  of  a  pioneer. 
Attempts  had  been  made  before  to  present  social 
history  in  a  more  or  less  popular  form.  Matthew 
Browne  is  still  readable  ;  but  this  was  the  first 
attempt  of  a  competent  scholar,  the  first  attempt 
moreover  based  on  original  sources. 

The  book  we  have  said  is  virtually  a  new  book. 
This  is  no  exaggeration.  The  bulk  has  not  been 
appreciably  increased  and  a  page  for  page  collation 
with  an  earlier  impression  will  not  reveal  a  large 
amount  of  additional  matter.  What  it  will  reveal 
is  a  systematic  rewriting  of  the  whole.  There  is 
hardly  a  sentence  but  bears  the  trace  of  labor 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAK.  22, 1921. 


£imce,  of  careful  reconsideration  and  refinement 
•Corrections  and  additions  have  been  so  skilfully 
introduced  as  to  be  barely  perceptible.  The 
fres-hness  and  whimsicality  of  treatment  remain. 
A  few  new  illustrations  are  inserted  and  some  of 
the  old  ones  appear  to  have  been  printed  from 
new  blocks.  The  press  work  is  good,  and  the 
only  complaint  we  have  concerns  the  paper 
which  is  too  heavily  clayed  for  permanence. 
But  times  are  difficult  for  publishers  and  to  have 
carried  the  work  through  so  successfully  is  a 
matter  for  congratulation. 

Essays  and  Studies  by  Members  of  the  English 

k  Association.     Vol.    VI.     Collected    by   A.    C. 

Bradley.     (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press,  6s.  6d.) 

'THE  first  volume  of  this  Series  was  published  in 
1910.  Each  year  saw  the  issue  of  a  successor 
up  to,  and  including,  that  epoch-making  1914, 
which  brought  so  many  enterprises  to  a  pause, 
if  not  to  their  term.  With  the  volume  for  that 
year  the  Series  remained  at  a  standstill,  until 
now,  when  vol.  vi.  calls  upon  us  to  congratulate 
its  promoters  on  the  resumption  of  their 
pleasant  and  useful  task. 

A  collection  of  papers  like  this — carefully 
selected  and  printed  and  put  into  a  strong  and 
neat  cloth  cover — seems,  by  its  very  appear- 
ance, to  set  up  some  little  claim  to  be  taken 
more  seriously  than  the  literary  essays  of 
current  journalism — to  be  kept  and,  in  fine, 
to  be  re-read.  The  claim  would  not,  as  the 
book  stands,  be  without  foundation,  yet  we 
wonder,  somewhat,  that  the  writers  have  not 
thought  it  worth  while  to  add  that  additional 
depth  of  working,  and  also  that  additional 
polish,  which  would  have  made  it  obviously 
solid  and  well-founded.  Three  of  the  essays 
are  occupied  very  largely  with  style  :  it  seems 
curious  that  writers  with  that  pre-occupation 
should  not  have  been  brought  to  consider  the 
importance  not  merely  of  style  in  phrase  but 
also  of  style  in  form — the  form  of  the  whole. 
Suggestive  and  interesting  as  these  papers 
are  they  are  more  ephemeral  in  quality  than 
they  need  have  been  by  reason  of  a  certain 
formlessness. 

Having  delivered  ourselves  of  this  com- 
plaint we  can  proceed  to  pay  the  thanks  due 
for  real  and  considerable  enjoyment.  Prof. 
Saintsbury  "re-visiting"  Trollope  delivers 
himself  of  a  principle  of  criticism  which  we 
wholeheartedly  endorse.  The  questions  he 
asks  about  a  work  of  fiction,  he  says,  are  :  "Is 
the  romance  such  that  you  see  the  perilous 
seas  and  ride  the  barriere  as  in  your  own 
person  ?  Are  the  folk  of  the  novel  such  that 
you  have  met  or  feel  that  you  might  have  met 
them  in  your  life  or  theirs  ?  If  so  the  work 
passes  ;  with  what  degree  of  merit  is  again  a 
second  question."  The  difficulty  of  applying 
this  principle  where  nicety  of  judgment  is 
required  lies  in  the  diversity  of  the  judges' 
minds.  Things  "  come  alive  "  much  more 
readily  to  one  person  than  to  another,  and 
even  to  the  same  person  more  readily  at  one 
time  than  another.  We  agree  that  the  best 
of  Trollope  "  passes  "  upon  this  principle  being 
applied  ; — but,  or  so  the  present  writer  has 
found,  the  first  reading  remains  the  most 
vivid  and  decisive  ;  the  second  and  third 


readings — which  heighten  the  vivacity  of  the 
characters  in  the  greatest  fiction— slightly 
reduce  the  effect  of  all  but  the  greatest  of 
Trollope's  creations.  This  is  perhaps  to  be 
put  down  to  that  inequality  as  a  story-teller 
with  which  Prof.  Saintsbury  gently,  but  justly 
reproaches  Trollope. 

Mr.  George  Sampson  contributes  a  delightful 
essay  '  On  playing  the  Sedulous  Ape,'  which 
consists  of  reflections  and  their  branching 
reflections  on  the  well-known  passage  where 
Stevenson  declares  that,  in  the  process  of 
acquiring  the  art  of  writing  he  imitated  divers 
masters  of  style.  He  argues  that  critics  have 
taken  Stevenson's  words  with  too  literal  and 
heavy  a  seriousness,  and  that,  allowing  them 
to  indicate  a  certain  amount  of  practical  study 
and  practice  in  divers  English  styles,  done  at 
the  prentice  stage  of  authorship,  there  is 
nothing  to  do  but  applaud.  Style,  as  here 
dealt  with,  is  an  affair  of  sentences  and  phrases. 
As  such  we  think  it  has  been  somewhat  over- 
considered.  No  doubt  phrase  and  sentence 
construction  require  care — Mr.  Sampson  puts 
some  ludicrous  deterrents  before  the  careless — 
but  we  do  not  hear  enough  of  the  greater  care 
which  should  be  expended,  and  expended  first, 
upon  the  construction,  the  balanced  form,  of  the 
piece  of  writing  as  a  whole.  Again,  "  the 
nation  that  is  muddled  in  its  prose,"  he  says, 
"  will  be  muddled  in  its  thought  "  :  trite 
though  it  be,  we  think  the  converse  not  only 
truer  but  better  worth  saying.  That  is  to  say, 
we  would  support  Mr.  Sampson's  arguments 
to  the  effect  that  there  is  a  great  deal  to  be 
said  in  favour  of  direct  imitation  of  the  style 
of  this  or  that  master  of  English,  with  a 
proviso  :  that  the  would-be  imitator  have 
already  exercised  himself  in  the  larger  problems 
of  construction  and  occupied  himself  ade- 
quately with  the  classifying,  selecting  and 
ordering  of  the  ideas  he  intends  to  set  forth. 
The  "  getting"  of  a  language,  like  the  making 
o  fa  friendship,  cannot  be  quite  left  to  chance — 
but  yet  is  most  successfully  brought  off  if  it  is 
not,  at  the  beginning,  pursued  too  directly. 

Miss  Melian  Stawell's  analysis  of  the  work  of 
Mr.  Conrad  is  a  very  good  article  and  should 
send  new  and  keen  readers  to  an  author  worthy 
of  them.  The  paper  for  which  we  must 
express  our  personal  predilection  is  the  clear 
and  charming  account  of  the  '  Caedmonian  ' 
Genesis  by  Dr.  Bradley — a  paper  which  alone 
would  justify  giving  this  attractive  little 
volume  a  permanent  place  upon  one's  book- 
shelf. 


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12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  22,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES 


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81 


LONDON,  JANUARY  29,  1921. 


CO  NT  E  NTS.— No.  146. 

NOTES  :— Problems  of  Vagrancy  in  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
81— An  English  Army  List  of  1740,  82— Among  the  Shake- 
speare Archives:  The  Town  Clerk's  Pig,  83— London 
Coaching  and  Carriers'  Inns  in  1732,  84  —  St.  Paul's 
Chapter  House— "  Boss-bent,"  88— "Parapet,"  a  Street 
Footway — Karly  Effort  at  Flying— John  Egerton — Sir 
Walter  Scott  and  France  a  Century  Apo,  87. 

QUERIES:— "Mrs.  Drake  Revived' —Bagration— Green, 
of  co.  Tipperary — Paul  Marny — The  British  in  Sardinia — 
Zella  Trelawny— Volans.  88— Robert  Croke,^.  1270— John 
tBeaumont — Portrait  of  Leopold  I.  of  Belgium — Gouger — 
Stapleton,  Tutor  to  O'Connell— Edward  Booty— Kinema 
or  Cinema  ? — The  Mayflower  :  Peter  Brown — Maundrell's 
'  Journey  from  Aleppo  to  Jerusalem,'  Easter,  1697,  89 — 
Tobacco:  "Bird's  Eye"  —  'Thomas  Bann  and  Alice 
Lucas ' — "  A  miss  is  as  good  as  a  man  " — TheTurbulines— 
Book  Wanted  —  Stanier  —  Tavern  Sign  :  "  None  the 
Wiser  "—William  Holder— Chippendale.  90— Leigh  Hunt 
—Morgan  Phillips— Spencer  Turner— Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted,  91. 

iREPLIES :— Tercentenary  Handlist  of  Newspapers,  91— 
«  Poor  Uncle  Ned,'  93— The  First  Lord  Westbury— An  Old 
•Silver  Charm— Tulchan  Bishops,  94— A  Wake  Game— 
Nola:  Cnollare :  Pulsare— Cbartularies,  95— Bottle-slider 

Education  of  the  First  Duke  of  Marlborough,  96  -Poor 

'Relief  Badge — Book  of  Common  Prayer — "  To  Outrun  the 
Constable  "—Yew-trees  in  Churchyards,  97— Statues  and 
Memorials  in  the  British  Isles— Light  and  Dark  "A" 
iHeadpiece,  98  —  "  Coiity  "  —  Prince  Charles  Edward 
Stuart's  Swords — French  Prisoners  of  War — Scott  of 
Essex — Author  of  Quotation  Wanted,  99. 

:NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Udimore  :  Past  and  Present  '— 
'  The  Adventures  of  Ulysses ' — '  A  Saunter  through  Kent 
with  Pen  and  Pencil '— '  Quarterly  Review.' 

••Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JJote. 


.PROBLEM     OF     VAGRANCY    IN     THE 
EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. 

IN  view  of  the  present  condition  of  un- 
•  employment  the  enclosed  letter,  undated, 
.and  unidentified  but  for  the  name  of  Denys 

Rolle  of  Bicton  and  Holcombe,  South  Devon 

(who  married  Ann,  daughter  of  Arthur 
•Chichester  of  Hall,  and  died  in  1797),  is 

useful  as  showing  the  social  condition  in  the 

-county  after  a  long  period  of  war  about  1748. 

The  remedy  then  was  the  provision  of  work 

and  not,  as  now,  money. 

The  letter  is  long,  but  several  clauses  are 

worthy  of  reproduction  : — 

MY  LORD, 

Reading  in  the  Morning  Paper  Lord,  Radnor's 
observations  on  the  Vagrant  Bill  respecting 
soldiers  and  sailors  and  your  Lordships  senti- 
ments coinciding  with  Lord  Radnors  as  I  am 
ignorant  of  the  Amendments  intruded  I  beg 
Jl.-ave  to  intrude  on  your  Lordship  a  few  lines  on 
"that  subject  of  what  has  occurred  to  me  I  hope 


not  unworthy  your  Perusal.  Being  introduced 
to  the  meeting  some  years  since  which  was  then 
held  at  the  late  Duke  of  Montague's  and  being 
honoard  by  His  Grace  with  a  seat  near  Him  :  on 
a  Mr.  Bowdlers  delivering  some  Propositione 
relative  to  Vagrants  and  on  which  there  had  been 
Justices  of  Peace  as  Delegates  from  each  County 
met  in  Town.  There  was  an  exception  in  the 
taking  up  of  Vagrants  as  to  soldiers  and  Sailors 
I  took  the  liberty  to  observe  to  His  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Montague  "  That  much  ill  applied 
Charity  to  a  great  amount  was  bestowed  par- 
ticularly to  Persons  under  the  Description  of 
Sailors  "  :  as  a  Maritime  County,  my  Residence 
Devon,  we  saw  therein  a  vast  number  of  such, 
but  when  they  were  Real  sailors— most  deviated 
far  from  the  direct  Tract  from  Port  they  landed 
at  to  the  port  at  Home  they  proposed  to  go. 
But  cheifly  under  that  Denomination  were 
Villains  who  either  had  Forgd  Papers  or  xised 
Plausible  False  Complaints  and  Travelld  round 
the  County  for  years  and  committed  frequently 
Robberies  and  murders  and  for  want  of  a  proper 
Police  at  Plymouth  our  Goal  List  is  commonly 
filled  with  Real  Sailors  from  that  District.  On 
the  press.  I  think  it  might  be  on  the  Application 
of  the  Russian  War  a  Fear  of  being  Pressd  some 
Sailors  migrated  from  the  Southern  Ports  towards 
the  Northern  Coast  and  hoverd  about  for  some 
time  near  my  seat  and  on  their  committing  some 
acts  of  Robbery  or  attack  my  Daughters  were 
prevented  even  from  walking  the  least  distance 
from  the  House.  In  my  walks  in  the  County  of 
Hants  I  was  accosted  by  a  Real  Sailor  for  Alms 
to  whom  making  scarce  any  or  low  answer,  being 
but  little  way  passd  him  he  turned  about  and 
accosted  me.  "  Have  you  no  Tongue  in  your 
Head  ' '  he  had  a  short  stick  in  his  hand  I  probably 
should  have  felt  had  not  a  man  been  within  sight 
making  a  Hedge.  No  Person  would  wish  more 
to  assist  Real  Distress  than  myself  but  believe 
the  Best  Charity  is  That  Indiscriminately 
bestowd  on  Beggars  should  be  entirely  droppd 
and  Proper  Care  be  provided  on  the  spot  by  a 
Good  Police  Indescriminately  on  all  to  whatever 
Parish  they  belong,  and  that  the  same  Power 
exercise  their  Authority  on  all  found  begging 
capable  of  work  to  be  immediately  made  to  work 
in  such  manner  as  they  are  capable  to  work. 

Having  in  my  early  youth  in  the  conclusion 
of  the  War  of  1730  in  1748 — put  all  Persons 
coming  from  that  war,  instead  of  "relieving  them 
by  Charity,  to  work  during  the  whole  Winter  from 
October  to  May  they  then  without  my  dis- 
charging them,  gave  me  thanks  and  betook 
themselves  to  their  antient  employ.  At  the 
same  time  reduced  the  Poor  Rates  of  a  con- 
siderable Town  one  hundred  on  nine  Hundred 
and  fifty  if  I  remember  right  by  attending  the 
Weekly  Payments  and  regulating  Indiscriminate 
and  Improportionate  Relief. 

That  this  Nuisance  and  Imposition  of  Soldiers 
and  Sailors  or  Vagrants  under  such  Descriptions 
should  be  prevented  the  safety  of  the  subject 
requires. 

ffhe  3  Ports  of  Falmouth  Plymouth  and  Dart- 
mouth occasion  many  to  traverse  Cornwall  Devon 
Dorset  Somerset  and  Western  Counties  to  the 
Ports  in  the  Eastern  or  Northern  Shores  or  their 
own  Homes  at  a  distance.  Passes  I  humbley 
presume  might  be  given  by  the  Magistrate  of 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  29, 1921, 


those  Town  to  proceed  to  the  next  Town  in  their 
respective  Routs  and  so  by  the  magistrate  of 
such  next  Town  to  the  next  marking  the  Dates  of 
time  passing  such  town  and  relieved  by  each  Toivn. 
The  Selfish  objection  is  that  it  would  bear  hard 
on  the  Maritime  Counties  if  reimbursd  out  of 
the  County  store  but  the  inhabitants  of  such 
Counties  would  not  wish  them  to  be  Inland 
Counties.  They  have  certainly 


y  ^ 

superior  Benefits  by  such  salva-   I 

:s   I 


Some  Members 
of  Parliament 
may  fear  to 
express  such 
sentiment. 


tion  from  Exports  and  Imports 
Eich  Travellers,  Trade  and 
Manufacturers  and  those  Men- 
dicant Travellers  must  have  relief  as  well  in  the 
Inland  Counties  also  they  necessarily  pass  through 
from  Port  to  Port  at  any  considerable  distance. 

These  Papers  should  express  a  Time  allowd  for 
such  Rout  and  be  alterd  every  3  or  4  Months  with 
marks,    Information    thereof    circulated    to    each  [ 
Justice    or    Magistrate    of    Towns    within    each  I 
County — and   on    producing   to    another   County  | 
the  Pass  of  that  County  with  their  peculiar  Marks  ' 
of  that  County  to  transmit  them  further  on  their  j 
Journey  to  Port  or  Home.     For  I  have  met  with 
passes   that   serve   not   only   many   Months    but 
years  with  a  very  little  alteration  or  Forgery  and 


some  indigent  Scribes  have  established  offices  for 
such  Forgery. 

The  misapplied  Charity  to  the  encouragement 
of  Robbery  and  Murder  and  Expenditure  for 
Removals  and  on  Litigation  for  Settlement* 
would  suffice  for  a  great  deal  more  than  the 
Real  Wants  or  even  present  Poor  Rate  and! 
prevent  the  Diminution  of  Subjects  by  Execu- 
tions and  Transportation  which  is  remarked  to 
have  little  or  no  effect  as  still  appears  more  to 
suffer  such  Penalty  year  after  year. 

Thinking  I  might  have  an  opportunity  of  men- 
tioning the  within  matter  to  your  Lordship  on 
your  usual  visit  to  Lord  Fortescue  when  his- 
observations  perhaps  might  corroberate  my 
assertions  I  omitted  the  sending  my  Thoughts  as- 
within  written  now  take  this  opportunity  of 
enclosing  with  the  other  Memorial  and  hope  your 
Lordship  will  excuse  any  incorrectness  or  im- 
propriety therein  by 
My  Lord 

Yours   Lordship    most    Obedient   and 
Humble  Servant, 

DENTS  ROLLE. 

H.  WILSON  HOLMAN,  F.S.A.,  M.I.M.E. 


AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF  1740. 

(See  12  S.  ii.  passim;  iii.  46,  103,  267,  354,  408,  438;  vi.  184,  233,^'242,  290,  329; 
vii.  83,  125,  146,  165,  187,  204,  265,  308,  327,  365,  423  ;  viii.*6,  46.) 

The  next  regiment  (p.    73)   was  raised    in   Edinburgh    in     1689 — originally    called 
"Leven's,"  or  the  Edinburgh  Regiment — by  the  Earlr  of  Leven  and  other  Scottish  noble- 
men  and  gentlemen  who  had  been  refugees  in  Holland  during  the  reign  of  James  II. 
It  was  later  designated  : — 

1751.  The  25th  Regiment  of  Foot ; 

1782.  The  25th  (or  The  Sussex)  Regiment  of  Foot ; 

1805.  The  25th  (or  King's  Own  Borderers)  Regiment  of  Foot ; 

1881.  The  King's  Own  Borderers  ; 

1887.  The  King's  Own  Scottish  Borderers, 
which  title  it  still  (1920)  retains. 


Earl  of  Rothes'  Regiment  of  Foot. 

Colonel 

Lieutenant- Colonel 
Major 


Captains 


Earl  of  Rothes  (1) 
James  Kennedy  (2) 
James  Biggar  (3) 
James  Dalrymple 
David  Cunningham  (4) 
Lord  ColviU 
Henry  Ballenden 
Robert  Armiger  (5) 
John  Maitland 
Richard  Worge 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 
.     29  May  1732 
4  July  1737 
.     19  July  1732 
6  Mar.  1723 
8  Apr.   ditto 
18  Dec.   1727 
25        ditto 
18  May   1735 

1  Mar.  1738/9 

2  ditto 


Dates  of  their  first 
commissions. 


(1)  John  Leslie,  iHh  Earl  of  Rothes  ;  became  Colonel  of  the  2nd  Horse  Grenadier  Guards,  Apr.  26 
1745,  and  of  the  2nd  Dragoons,  Jan.  17,  1750.     Died  Dec.  10,  1767;     See  '  D.N.B.' 

(2)  Sixth  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Kennedy,  Kt.,  of  Dunure,  Ayrshire  ;  became  Colonel  of  the  43rd 
Foot,  Feb.  7,  1745/6  ;  Major-General,  Jan*  28,  1756  ;  Lieut.- General,  1761.     Died  1761. 

(3)  Lieut.-ColoneL  37th  Foot,  Ma*.  27,  1742.     Killed  in  the  battle  of  Falkirk,  Jan.  17,  1746. 

(4)  Now  spelled  Cunynghame.     Second  son   of  Sir   David   C.,   Bart.,   of  Milncraig,   Ayrshire  ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  Feb.  25,1745/6.     Succeeded  his  brother  James  as  3rd  Baronet  in  1747;  became 
Colonel  of  the  57th  Foot,  Mar.  22,  1757  ;  Major- General,  June  28,  1759  ;  Lieut.- General,  Jan.  19, 1761. 
Died    Oct.  10,  1767. 

(5)  To  the  1st  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards,  as  Captain  and  Lieut.-Colonel,  Feb.  7,  1747  ;  became 
Colonel  of  the  65th  Foot,  Apr.  2, 1768,  and  of  the  40th  Foot,  Dec.  10, 1760 ;  Major- General,  June  25, 
1769;   Lieut.- General,  Jan.  19,  1761.     Governor  of  Landguard  Fort  from  May  25,  1768,  until  his 
death  on  Mar.  18,  1770,  aged  68. 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  29,  1921.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


83 


Earl  of  Rothes'  Regiment  of  Foot 
(continued). 


Captain  Lieutenant 


Lieutenants 


Ensigns 


Frederick  Bruce  (6)    . . 
William  Baird  (7) 
William.  Brodie 
George  Scott  (8) 
Harestreet  James 
William  Lucas 
James  Hamilton  (9) 
David  Watson  (10) 
David  Douglass 
David  Home  (11; 
Charles  Stevens 
James  Levingston  (12) 
George  McKenzie 
Thomas  Goddard  (13) 
James  Sandiland 
Robert  Hay 
Alexander  Garden 
Alexander  Mackay 
Thomas  Goodrick  (14) 
^Patrick  Lundin 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 

1  Mar.  1738/9 
.     21  Apr.   1724 
.      12  Mar.  1728 
.     30  May  ditto 
4  Oct.    ditto 
15  June  1732 

18  July  ditto 
22  Dec.   1733 

19  July  1735 

8  Feb.   1737/8 

1  Mar. 
24  May  1733 

1  Nov.  ditto 
14  Feb.  1734 
20  June  1735 
19  July  ditto 
14  Feb.  1736 
11  Aug.  1737 

8  Feb.   1737/8 


Dates  of  their  first 
commissions 


1  Mar.  1738/9 

The  following  additional  names  are  entered  in  ink  on  the  interleaf  : — 
Captain          ..          ..     James  Cunningham    ..          ..23  Apr.   1740 
Lieutenant     ..          ..     Archibald  Campbell    ..          ..     13  Mar.  1740/1 
/•Charles  Wedderburne  ..        1  July  1740 

Henry  Riggs 13  Mar.  1740/1 

Ensigns          . .          . .  1  John  Abercrombie       . .          . .  ditto 

Peter  Labilliere  . .          . .  ditto 

I  Francis  Hay     ..          ..          ..        7  June  1741 

(6)  Captain,  July  1,  1740. 

(7)  Captain-Lieutenant,  July  1,  1740. 

(8)  Ensign',  Oct.  29,  1726  ;  Major,  Oct.  4,  1754  ;  Lieut.-Colonel,  Mar.  22,  1757.     •    : 

(9)  Captain,  Feb.  25,  1745/6. 

(10)  Cap  tain -Lieutenant,  Jan.  22,  1755. 

(11)  Captain,  July  4,  1749. 

(12)  Lieutenant,  July  1,  1740. 

(13)  Lieutenant,  Mar.  13,  1740/1.     FT 

(14)  Captain,  July  4,  1749  ;  Major,  Mar.  22,  1757. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,    Lieut. -Colonel^  (Retired  List). 
(To  be  continued.} 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE   ARCHIVES. 

(See   ante,   pp.    23,    45,    66.) 

THE  TOWN  CLEBK'S  PIG.  1 


ALLOWANCE  must  be"  made  at  this  time  for 
people's  tempers,  including  that  of  the  old 
Town  Clerk.  Richard  Symons  had  a 
grievance  against  the  wife  of  Christopher 
Smith,  j  glover  L and  whittawer — not  to  be 
confused  with  Christopher  Court,  alias 
Smith,  yeoman  and  kinsman  of  the  new 
Steward.  Christopher  Smith,  glover  and 
whittawer,  interests'?,  us  as  being  of  the 
same  craft  as  John  Shakespeare  and  there- 
fore known  to  him.  Besides  being  a  glover 
and  whittawer  he  kept,  as  John  Shakespeare 
did  not,  an  alehouse.  He  was  a  respected 
man,  who  had  served  at  least  once  on  the 
the  Jury  of  Frankpledge,  but  like  other 


respected  townsmen  he  had  been  fined  for 
breach  of  the  bye-laws — for  allowing  his  dog 
to  go  unmuzzled,  making  a  sterquinarium  by 
the  Mere  side  (where  perhaps  he  lived)  and 
permitting  gambling  in  his  house.  On  Feb.J28, 
1560 — which  was  Ash  Wednesday  and  a  day 
of  sorrow — his  dog  bit  the  Town  Clerk's  pig. 
Even  the  Town  Clerk  had  his  delinquencies. 
On  more  than  one  occasion  he  had  been  fined 
for  suffering  his  pig  to  wander  in  the  streets. 
The  pig  in  question  was  a  particularly  fine 
beast,  valued  at  thirteen  shillings  and  four- 
pence.  It  was  deliberately  worried,  the  old 
gentleman  alleged,  at  the  instigation  of 
Christopher  Smith's  wife,  Margaret.,  She 


84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vnijAK.29,i02i: 


ihad  the  dog  on  a  chain  and  set  him  upon  the 
pig,  with  the  result  that  after  lingering  in 
pain  (languebat)  until  Mar.  4,  which  was  a 
Monday,  the  pig  expired.  On  this  day, 
however,  Margaret  Smith,  instead  of  ex- 
pressing regret  at  what  had  occurred,  added 
insult  to  injury  by  making  use  of  the 
following  words,  in  English  (Anglice), 
"  Richard  Symons'  wife  did  steal  our  gander. " 
This  abominable  charge  was  too  much  for 
the  old  officer,  verus  et  fidelis  legens  Dominae 
Reginae  et  sic  apud  omnes  graves  homines  et 
fideles  subditos  ejusdem  Reginae  a  tempore 
nativitatis  suae  et  ita  inter  omnes  notes  et 
vicinos  suos  acceptus,  datus  et  reputatus, 

"  the  true  and  faithful  liegeman  of  our  lady  the 
'Queen,  and  among  all  grave  men  and  faithful  sub- 
jects of  the  same  Queen  from  the  time  of  his  birth 
and  among  all  his  acquaintance  and  neighbours  ac- 
cepted, allowed  and  well-reputed," 

who  forthwith  proceeded  to  claim  damages 
in  the  Court  of  Record,  13s.  4c?.  for  his  pig 
and  30s.  for  his  wife. 

Three  months  later,  on  May  29,  Richard 
Symons  in  his  turn  made  a  serious  charge  in 
public  against  the  new  resident  at  New  Place. 
"You  may  see,"  he  said,  in  scorn,  "what 
honesty  is  in  William  Bott,  that  hath  taken 
forty  pence  of  Holloway  to  be  a  counsel  with 
him  against  Rawlins,  and  now  hath  made 
Rawlins  play  against  Holloway,  of  his  own 
handwriting,  and  that  I  will  justify. "  From 
what  we  know  of  William  Bott,  Symons  was 
not  far  wrong  in  his  estimate  of  the  Cloptons' 
agent.  On  June  1,  three  days  after  Symons' 
speech,  Bott  was  at  Snitterfield,  making -the 
inventory  of  the  goods  of  Henry  Coles,  the 
village  blacksmith,  with  old  Richard  Shake- 
speare. 

EDGAB  I.  FRIPP. 

(To  be  continued.) 


LONDON  COACHING  AND  CARRIERS 
INNS  .IN   1732. 

(See  ante,  p.  61.) 


Castle  :  Smithfield. 
Coaches. 
M.         . .     Uttoxeter. 


Carrier. 
Tb.     Oundle. 


Castle  :  Wood  Street. 
Carriers. 

M.  Th.  . .     Grantham,  Stamford. 
M.         . .      Ashborn,  Burton. 
Th.       . .      Bridgwater,  Frome. 
F.          ..     Carlisle,    Chesterfield,     Doncaster, 

Kendal,   Shrewsbury,   Sheffield, 

Whitehaven.  Wells. 


Castle  and  Falcon  :  Aldersgate  Street. 

Coach. 
-M.         • .      Birmingham. 

Carriers. 

M.  F.  S.       Birmingham. 

M.  TJQ.  Chester,  Denbigh,  Drayton,  St. 
Asaph,  Shrewsbury,  Stafford, 
Whitchm-ch,  Newport  (Salop). 

T.          ..      Newcastle   (Staffs.).   .. 

W.         . .      Litchfield  [sic]. 

F.          . .     Leverpool,  Stockport. 

S.  . .  Brickhill,  Cranfield,  Knotsford  [sic], 
Macclesfield,  Rugby. 

Catherine  Wjeel :    Bishopsgate    Without. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Dulwich. 

W.  S.          Stretham  [sic],  Siddenham  [sic]. 
Carriers. 
M.  W.  F.     Broxburn,       Cheshunt,       Hertford, 

Wormley.         T.  Golden. 
Th.       . .     Chatris   (?  Chatteris).     F.  Ashwell. 

*Chequer  :  Charing  Cross. 

Flying  Coach. 
.M.  W.  F.     Bath,  Bristol. 

Coaches. 
VT.  Th.  S.     Hampton  Court. 

*Coach  and  Horses  :  Charing  Cross. 
Coaches. 

Every  day  in  summer.     Epsom. 
T.  Th.  S.     Chertsey. 

Coach  and  Horses  :  Against  Somerset  House. 
Coaches. 

Every  .day.     Acton,     Chelsea,    Eaton,    Ealing, 
Hammersmith,  Kensington. 

Cock  :  Aldersgate. 
Coaches.  • 

T.  Th.  S.  Luton. 
Carrier. 

T.  &  F . .  Welling  ( Wellyn),  Luton 

T.  &  S.  St.  Albans,         W.  Kimbolton. 

Th.       . .  Ampton,  Fenny  Stratford. 

M.         . .  Barnet. 

Cock  :  Old   Street. 
Carriers. 

M.         . .      Baldock. 
T.  &  F. . .     Steveneage  [sic]. 

Cross  Keys  :  Gracechurch  Street. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Camberwell,    Chatham,  Clapham,    i 
Croydon,       Deptford,      Epsom, 
Green wich,  Rochester. 
M.  W.  F.     Beccles,  Ipswich,  Portsmouth,    Sax- 

mundham,  Woodbridge. 
T.  Th.  S.     Witham. 
M.  F.    . .      Gosport. 
Carriers. 

W.        . .      Woodbridge. 

Th.       . .      Lavenham,  [  Lenham,     Stowmarket,  I 
Sudbury. 

Cross  Keys  :  St.  John's  Street. 
Coaches. 
Twice  daily.     Barnet. 

Cross  Keys  :  Wood  Street. 
Carriers. 

F.          . .      Hereford. 
S.          . .     Cambden  (?  Campden). 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  29,  1921.       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


85- 


Crown  :  Holborn. 
Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.     Aylesbury. 
T.  S.     . .      Rickmans  worth. 

Crown  :  St.  Margaret's  Hill. 
Coaches. 
T.  F.     . .      Guildford. 

Dolphin  :   Bishopsgate  Without. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Cheshunt. 
T.  Th.  S.     Buntingford,  Haddam,    Hcddesdon, 

Fuckeridge,  Ware. 
Carrier?. 
T.  Th.  S.     Buntingford,  Ware. 

Four  Swans  :  Bishopsgate  Within. 
Coaches. 
Every  day.     Cheshunt,  Hertford. 

Fox  and  Knot :  Cow  Lane. 
Carriers. 

W.        .  .     Chipperfield. 
M.  W.  F.     Watford. 

George.  Aldersgate. 
Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.  Chester,  Northal  (?  Northaw). 

M.  W.  Warrington. 

T.  Th.  Cadicout  (?  Codicote). 

M.        . .  Shrewsbury.        W.  Litchfield  [sic]. 
Carrier^. 

M.         . .  Boston.         S.  Ludlow. 

George  :  Smithfield. 
Coaches. 

Th.  S.  Coventry. 
Carriers. 

M.         . .  Nottingham,  Bedford. 

T.  S.    . .  Buckingham. 

Th.       . .  Oney.         S.  Tewksbury. 

George  :  Snow  Hill. 
Coaches. 

Th.       . .      Witney.         T.  Bristow  (?). 
Carriers. 
V.  &  S.     Watford. 

George  :  Southwark. 
Carriers. 

T.  &  F. . .     Southborough. 

Th.       . .     Endfield  (Sussex),  Shoreham,    West 
Gr  instead. 

Gerrard's  Hall :  Basinghall  Street. 
Carriers. 

S.          . .     Shaftesbury,  Sherbourn,  Dorchester. 
Th.       . .      Beading. 

Golden  Lyon  :  St.  John  Street. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Whetstone. 
Carriers. 
W.        ..     Newport Pagnel.       Th.  Haddon  (?) 

Green  Dragon  :  Bishopsgate  Street  Within. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Ely,  Endfield,  Tottenham,  Walt- 
ham  Abbey,  Walthamstow. 
M.  W.  S.     Newmarket. 
T.  Th.  S.     Cambridge. 
M.  Th.        Lynn.         W.  F.     Norwich. 
Th.  S. . .     Yarmouth.      M.  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
Carriers. 

T.  Th.  S.     Wisbech.         T.  Th.     Downham. 
T.  F.   . .     Hertford.         W.    Cambridge. 
Th.       . .     Ely,  North  Walsham,  Norwich. 


Greyhound  :  Holborn. 
Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.     Oxford. 
Carrier. 
S.          ..      Swaffon  (?). 

Greyhound  :  Smithfield. 
Flying  coaches. 
Every  day.     Northampton. 
Coaches. 
T.  Th.  S.     Hitching  (Hitchen). 

Greyhound  :  Southwark. 
Carriers. 

M.&  F. . .     Mitcham,  Stretham,  Suttan. 
T.  &  F. . .     Westram  (?  Westerham). 
W.&  S. . .     Darking  (?  Dorking). 
Th.       . .     Eastborn,  Forest  Bow,  Hurst,  May»- 
field. 

Half-Moon  :  Southwark. 
Carriers. 

W.        . .  Blechenley,  Linfield. 

Th.       . .  Buckstead. 

S.          . .  Oakstead. 

Horse  Shoe  :  Goswel  Boad  [sic]. 
Coaches, 

Th.       . .  Boston. 
Carriers. 

M.         ..  St.  Neats. 

W.        ..  Wellingborough.       T.  F.     Baldock^ 

S.          . .  Cadicout  (?  Codicote). 

Ipswich  Arms  :  Cullum  Street. 
Carriers. 

M.  W.         Hitching  (Hitchen). 
F.        ...      Broadoak,  Falstead  [sic]. 

King's  Arms  :  Holborn  Bridge. 
Carriers. 

M-  F.  . .     Salisbury.        W.  F.     Southampton. 
W.        . .     Andover,    Newberry. 
Th.       . .     Warmester  [sic]. 

King's  Arms  :  Leadenhall  Street. 
Coaches. 

M.T.  Th.    Bomford. 

T.  Th.  S.     Bishop  Stortford,  Chelmsford,  Col- 
chester. 

T.  Th.         Chipping  Norton. 
T.  F.    . .     Harwich.         W.  S.    Bellerica  [sic], 
Carriers. 

T.  F.   . .     Chelmsford. 
Th.       ..      Boxford, Colchester.        F.  Dedham, 

King's  Head  :  Old  Change. 
Carriers. 
S.          ..     Wotton.         Th.     Gloucester. 

King's  Head  :  Southwark. 
Coach. 

W.        ..     Horsham.         T.  S.     Leatherhead. 
Carrier. 

M.  Th.        Godalmin,  Petersfield.       M.  S.]  Hor- 
sham. 

T.  S.    . .     Epsom,  Leatherhead. 
Th.       . .     Dover,  Steyning. 

King's  Head  :  Strand. 
Coaches. 
T.  Th.  S.     Basingstoke. 

Nag's  Head  :  Aldersgate  Street. 
Coaches. 
Every  day.     Highgate.  , 


86 


NQTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vra.  JAN.  28, 1921. 


:Nag's  Head  :  Whitechapel. 
Coaches. 
T.  W.  Th.  S.     Epping. 

"Oxford  Arms  :  Warwick  Lane. 
Coaches. 

31.  W.  F.     Oxford.         M,.    Dorchester. 
Carriers. 

T.  S.    . .      Bray,  Windsor. 

31.         ••      Blandford,  Henlow,  Layton  Buzzard 
W.        . .      Buckingham,  Bicester,  Wendover. 
Th.       . .      Beading,  Oxford,  Wallingford,  Wat- 

lington,  Wantage. 
F.          . .     Chipping       Norton,        Haddingham 

(?  Haddenham),  Thame. 
S.          . .     Highworth,  Oundle,  Winslow. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 
(Tote  continued.) 


ST.  PAUL'S  CHAPTER  HOUSE. 

press  has  noticed  the  impending  use  of 
this  fine  house  as  a  bank  for  the  term,  of 
21  years.  The  well-meant  protest  by  archi- 
tectural students  from  University  College 
failed,  because  it  came  too  late  and  the 
lease  had  already  been  signed.  Notwith- 
standing this,  their  endeavour  was  novel  and 
commendable ;  it  was  I  believe  the  first 
-occasion  on  which  a  demonstration  for  such 
,a  purpose  had  been  held,  and  if  this  interest 
develops  it  may  yet  attain  to  definite  suc- 
cesses and  the  general  reformation  of  the 
custody  of  National  monuments. 

The  house  is  well  known  and  has  been  the 
.subject  of  several  illustrative  monographs. 
Its  claims,  other  than  the  architecture  and 
decorations,  lie  in  the  commemorative 
importance  of  the  site,  which  was,  prior  to 
the  erection  of  the  Chapter  House,  part  of 
the  site  of  the  Bishop  of  London's  Palace. 

Useful  evidence  is  provided  in  an  Inden- 
ture of  Sale  by  the  Commissioners  appointed 
fey  the  Commonwealth  to  Richard  Coyshe 
or  Coyish,  "  Citizen  and  Skinner  of  London  " 
on  Aug.  15,  1649,  for  300Z.. 

"  All  that  ground  or  soyle  no  we  or  late  parcell 
•of  or  appurteyninge  to  the  capital  messuage  or 
Pallace  situate  in  or  neare  Paulls  Churchyard 
London  late  called  the  Bishopp  of  London's 
Pallace  conteyninge  from  East  .to  West  thirty- 
five  foote  of  assize  and  from  North  to  South 
Ninety  Nine  foote  of  assize  being  Two  Third 
Parts  of  the  ground  alloted  and  staked  out  to  be 
sould  to  build  houses  upon  in  Paulls  Alley  and 
abutteth  West  upon  a  parcell  of  ground  called 
in  the  survey  thereof  the  middle  parte  of  the  said 
Pallace  conteyninge  Two  hundred  [and]  fifty- 
rseven  feete  in  length  from  East  to  West  alloted 
-.for  New  buildings  and  sould  unto  the  said 
Bichard  Coysh  North  upon  a  parcell  of  the  said 
vground  alloted  to  build  houses  upon  in  Paulls 


Alley  whereupon  William  Bolton  hath  begun  to 
erect  buildings  and  extendeth  Eastward  to  the 
outside  of  a  Stone  Wall  standing  or  w[hic]h 
lately  stood  next  Paull's  Alley  soe  farre  as  that 
reatheth  (reacheth]  and  then 'towards  the  South 
end  to  an  even  range  w[i]th  that  Stone  wall 
into  a  Shopp  in  the  possession  of  Robert  Taylor 
and  another  in  the  possession  of  Webb  and 
soe  abutteth  East  upon  a  slipp  of  ground  in 
Paulls  Alley  supposed  to  have  been  formerly 
parte  of  the  Wast[e]  or  Churchway  whereupon 
now  stands  or  lately  stood  narrow  Shopps  or 
Shedds  which  Shopps  or  Shedds  are  in  breadth 
att  the  North  End  three  foote  from  East  to  West 
and  att  the  South  End  three  foote  of  assize  and 
Seven  Inches  and  South  upon  another  parcell 
of  the  ground  alloted  and  staked  out  to  build 
houses  in  Pauls  Alley  sould  also  to  the  said 
Richard  Coysh  together  with  all  waies  passages 
Watercourses  Lights  Easements,  &c." 

The  deed  is  signed  by  the  Commissioners 
(Sir; .  John  Wollaston,  Thos.  Noel,  Will. 
Hobson,  John  Bellamie,  Lawrence  Brom- 
field,  James  Stowye,  Stephen  Estwicke, 
Richard  Vennar,  Robert  Meade,  and  has 
the  necessary  endorsement  and  signature  of 

"Elisha  Coysh,  Doctor  in  Physicke,  sonne 
and  heire  of  ye  within  named  Richard 
Coysh,"  surrendering  Dec.  29,  1662,  all  his 
inheritance  of  the  within  mentioned  pre- 
mises acknowledging  to  have  received  "  full 
satisfaction  for  ye  pretended  purchase." 

This  description  of  the  site  is  specially 
interesting  as  helping  towards  the  identifi- 
cation of  the  site  of  the  Bishop  of  London's 
Palace.  Printed  reference  to  this  are  few 
and  of  small  usefulness.  Dean  Milmati 

'Annals  of  St.  Paul's'),  the  leading  his- 
torian of  the  Cathedral  and  its  environs  has 
ittle  to  say  except  of  Cornelius  Burgess 
who  unluckily  also  purchased  Cathedral 
property  from  the  Parliamentary  Com- 
nittee.  Canon  Sparrow  Simpson  ('Chap- 
ters in  the  History  of  Old  St.  Paul's  ')  has 
made  some  slight  research  but  evidently 
considered  that  it  did  not  help  to  illustrate 
;he  annals  of  the  Cathedral,  so  relatively  the 
subject  has  been  neglected  and  it  is  due 
solely  to  the  architecture  of  the  Chapter 
House  that  present-day  interest  in  its 
Dossible  change  has  been  awakened. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


'  BOSS-BENT." — This  word,  which  would 
seem  to  be  a  synonym  of  "  boss-backed,"  is 
not  recognized  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 

Southey  visited  Selkirk  on  Sunday,  Oct.  6, 
1805,  and  remarks  ('  Commonplace  Book,' 
4th  Series,  p.  529)  :  "  The  people  dismally 
ugly,  soon  old,  and  then  boss-bent." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  29,  1921.]       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


87 


"PARAPET,"  A  STREET  FOOTWAY. — In 
1908  a  note  of  mine  appeared  (10  S.  x.  366), 
in  which,  after  remarking  that  "parapet  " 
was  the  word  generally  used  in  Lancashire 
(possibly  I  should  have  said  South  Lan- 
cashire) for  a  street  footway,  I  gave  a 
quotation  from  a  1766  French  book  in  which 
the  word  apparently  meant  footway. 

The  '  New  English  Dictionary  '  gives  this 
meaning  as  used  "locally,"  but  has  nothing 
-earlier  than,  1840,  and  its  one  quotation  is 
dated  1900.  The  'Dialect  Dictionary' 
does  not  give  the  word.  John  Chetwode 
Eustace  uses  "parapet  "  apparently  for 
*' footway"  in  his  'Classical  Tour  through 
Italy,  An.  MDCCCII.'  I  am  referring  to  the 
fourth  edition,  published  at  Leghorn,  1818, 
vol.  iii.  In  his  description  of  Pompeii  he 
writes  : — 

"The  street  which  runs  from  the  neighbourhood 
-of  the  soldiers'  quarters  to  the  gate  is  narrow, 
that  is,  only  about  thirteen  feet  wide,  formed 
•like  the  Via  Appia  at  Itri  and  other  places, 
where  it  remains  entire  of  large  stones  fitted  to 
each  other  in  their  original  form,  without  being 
cut  or  broken  for  the  purpose.  There  are  on  each 
side  parapets  raised  about  two  feet  above  the 
middle  and  about  three  feet  wide."  (P.  66 .) 

"The  gate  has  one  large  central  and  two  less 
openings  on  the  side,  with  parapets  of  the  same 
breadth  as  the  street."  (P.  67.) 

The  footways  in  Pompeii  were  of  various 
heights.  There  are  several  plates  (6,  11, 
•51,  85)  in  Sir  William  Gell's  'Pompeiana,' 

.837,  in  which  they  do  not  appear  to  be  at 
•all  high.  In  the  description  of  plate  38, 
vol.  ii.,  viz.,  'Windows  of  the  Atrium  '  (of 
the  house  of  the  Tragic  Poet),  Gel!  writes, 
pp.  101,  102  :— 

"The   foot   pavement   itself   is   here   one   foot 

*even  inches  higher  than  the  street  or  vicus 

The  vicus,  without  the  footpaths,  which  are  each 
a-bout  three  feet  nine  inches  wide,  measures  only 
seven  feet  six  inches  in  breadth." 

^  A  'Guide  de  Pompei,'  by  Nicolas  Pagano, 
'Surveillant  des  fouilles  d'antiquite,  6th  ed., 
:Scafati,  1881,  p.  27,  says,  "Toutes  les  rues 
•sont  bordees  de  trottoirs." 

It    is    not    improbable    that     "parapet" 
meant    "footway"   in    Staffordshire   where 
Eustace  was  at  Sedgley  Park  school,   1767, 
or     thereabouts— 1774,     according     to     the 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography. '    Appar- 
ently in  his    '  Classical   Tour  '  he  was,  -on 
P-     56,     referring    to    an    unusually     high 
parapet. "     I  find  in  '  Pompeii :  its  History, 
Buildings,  and  Antiquities,'  by  Thomas  H. 

).ver,  LL.D.,  1867,  pp.  70,  71  :— 
"  The  width   of  the  streets  varies  from  eight 

i*  nine  feet  to  about  twenty-two,  including  the 
footpaths  or  trottoirs The  kerb-stones  are 


elevated  from  one  foot  to  eighteen  inches,  and 
separate  the  foot-pavement  from  the  road. 
Throughout  the  city  there  is  hardly  a  street 
unfurnished  with  this  convenience.  Where  there 
is  width  to  admit  of  a  broad  foot-path,  the  interval 
between  the  curb  and  the  line  of  building  is  filled 
up  with  earth,  which  has  then  been  covered  over 
with  stucco,  and  sometimes  with  a  coarse  mosaic 
of  brickwork." 

Perhaps  Eustace  was  not  exact  in  his 
measurements.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

[See  also  12  S.  i.  190,  319.] 

EARLY  EFFORT  AT  FLYING. — Possibly  one 
of  the  first  attempts  to  use  the  air  was  that 
of  Eilmer,  or  Oliver,  of  Malmesbury,  in  the 
reign  of  King  Harold.  So  confident  was  he 
of  success  that,  after  fitting  on  a  pair  of 
large  wings,  he  threw  himself  off  a  lofty 
tower  and  is  said  to  have  skimmed  through 
the  air  for  quite  a  furlong  before  he  fell, 
breaking  both  legs  in  go  doing.  He  ascribed 
his  accident  to  having  neglected  to  fit  on  a 
tail  for  the  purpose  of  balancing.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

JOHN  EGERTON,  THIRD  EARL  OF  BRIDG- 
WATER  (1646-1701). — A  French  novel 
founded  on  the  fortunes  of  this  earl  and 
his  first  wife  forms  Sloane  MS.  1009,  ff. 
360-365.  This  does  not  appear  to  be  noted 
in  the  'D.N.B.'  J.  ARBAGH. 

SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  AND  FRANCE  A 
CENTURY  AGO. — It  is  not  generally  known 
that  Charles  X.  was  the  first  to  introduce 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  novels  into  France.  The 
last  legitimist  King  of  France  during  his 
first  exile  in  Britain  resided  some  time  at 
Holyrood  House,  Edinburgh,  and  is  said  to 
be  the  first  Frenchman  who  read  '  Waverley  ' 
on  its  first  appearance.  The  King,  after  his 
coronation,  told  the  Duke  of  Northumber- 
land that  the  happiest  time  of  his  life  was 
when  he  was  reading  the  '  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field  '  in  England  and  the  '  Lady  of  the 
Lake  '  in  Scotland.  Armand,  Comte  de 
Pontmartin,  who  afterwards  became  a  dis- 
tinguished literary  critic,  as  a  small  boy 
was  one  of  the  pages  at  the  coronation,  and 
four  years  before  his  death  in  his  feuilleton 
of  the  Gazette  de  France  (July  17,  1886), 
gives  the  following  account  of  the  vogue  of 
Scott's  novels  in  France  a  century  ago  : — 

"  Quel  que  soit  le  talent  ou,le  ge'nie  d«  Pouch- 
kine,  de  Go&ol,  de  Tourguenef,  de  Dostoiesky,  de 
Tolstoi,  quelle  que  soit  leur  vogue  aupres  de  la 
jeunesse  Iettr6e,  avide  de  renouveau,  elle  n'egalera 
jamais  celle  de  Walter  Scott  pendant  la  phase 
brillante  qui  va  de  1820  a  1835.  Cette  fois,  ce 
n'^tait  pas  un  groupe  studieux  et  curieux,  se  pas- 
sionnant  pour  une  litte>ature  e'trangere  :  c'^tait  la 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vin.  JAN.  29, 1921. 


France  tout  entire,  depuis  1'academicien  jusqu'au 
petit  bourgeois  de  province,  depuis  la  grand  dame 
jusqu'a  la  grisette,  qui  preriait  feu  pour  les  recits 
de  cet  Ecossais,  plus  populaire  dans  notrepays  que 
dans  le  sien.  ll  s'etait  empare  de  nos  salons,  de  nos 
theatres,  de  nos  ateliers,  de  nos  expositions  de 
peinture.  II  teignait  de  ses  couleurs  1'histoire  et  le 
roman  :  il  etendait  son  influence  sur  les  fantaisies 
de  la  mode,  sur  les  ameublements,  les  costumes,  sur 
toutes  les  varietes  du  bric-a-brac  moyen  age  qui  date 
de  lui.  C'est  que  1'auteur  de  'Waverley'  arrival t 
pour  nous  a  son  moment ;  il  s'accordait  merveilleuse- 
ment  avec  une  epoque  pu  notre  ecole  romantique 
cherchait  sa  voie,  ranimait  le  culte  du  passe, 
renouvelait  les  etudes  historiques,  et  rompait  avec 
les  Grecs  et  les  Romains  en  1'honneur  des  XVe  et 
XVIe  siecles.  Un  peu  plus  tard,  apresles  journ^es 
de  juillet  1830,  sa  vogue  eut  encore  un  regain,  grace 
a  nos  imaginations  legitimistes  et  romanesques,  qui 
d^couvraient  des  analogies  entre  les  Bourbons  et 
les  Stuarts." 

Charles  X.  was  again  in  exile  at  Holyrood 
House,  when  Sir  Walter  Scott  passed  away 
at  Abbotsford,  in  September,  1832. 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 
36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in. 
formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


'MRS.  DRAKE  REVIVED.' — The  late  Col. 
Vivian  in  his  '  Visitations  of  Devon, '  under 
the  name  of  Joan,  eldest  daughter  and  co- 
heiress of  William  Tothill,  and  wife  of 
Francis  Drake  of  Esher,  notes  that  she  was 
the  subject  of  a  remarkable  memoir  bearing 
this  title;  and  that  Katharine,  her  sister, 
was  the  youngest  of  thirty-three  children. 
Can  any  reader  tell  me  whether  the  title  is 
correctly  given,  and  for  what  the  memoir 
is  specially  remarkable  ?  It  is  not  in  the 
London  Library.  A.  T.  M. 

BAGRATION. — I  wonder  if  any  reader  could 
give  me  information  concerning  the  family 
of  the  lady  who,  in  1850,  married  Prince 
Alexander  Petrovitch  Bagration.  The  mar- 
riage took  place  in  London.  She  was  of  a 
Welsn  family  named  Williams. 

Prince  Bagration  was  at  the  time  a 
Russian  military  officer,  and  a  member  of 
the  family  who  formerly  held  the  throne  of 
Georgia  prior  to  the  annexation  to  the 
Russian  Empire. 

I  am  contemplating  an  attempt  to  write 
a  history  of  the  Bagratia  Dynasty,  which  is 
considerably  older  than  any  other  in  Europe, 
being,  in  point  of  antiquity,  only  exceeded 


by  some  of  the  Rajput  lines  in  India.  I  aiiT 
a  grandson  of  the  person  concerning  whom 
I  am  inquiring.  I  was  taken  from  Russia 
as  a  small  boy,  and  of  my  British  grand- 
mother or  her  people  I  know  nothing. 

Any  information  concerning  this  marriage, 
or  concerning  anything  else  material  to  the 
story  of  the  Bagration  family  in  England,, 
would  be  very  gratefully  accepted. 

ALEXANDER  BAGRATION. 

Lockport,  N.Y. 

GREEN,  OF  co.  TIPPERARY.- — Dorothy,, 
daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Major  Samuel 
Green,  of  Killaghy,  co.  Tipperary,  was  the 
mother  of  the  fifth  Viscount  Allen. 

Can  any  reader  supply  me  with  the  name 
of  Major  Green's  wife,  and  any  particulars 
of  this  lady  ?  P.  D.  M. 

PAUL  MARNY. — I  should  be  glad  to  know 
something  of  the  life  of  tnis  water  colour 
artist.  A  recent  notice  of  acquisitions  by 
the  British  Museum  gave  "two  colour 
prints  after  De  Marny."  Is  this  the  same- 
artist  ?  C.  G.  N. 

THE  BRITISH  IN  SARDINIA. — The  following 
paragraph  is  taken  from  '  England's. 
Artillerymen,'  by  J.  A.  Browne,  published 
in  1865  :— 

"  Detachments  of  Royal  Artillerymen  were  sent 
to  the  Mediterranean  to  serve  on  board  the  bomb- 
vessels  of  Admiral  Mathews's  fleet.  In  1744  the 
King  of  Sardinia  applied  to  the  admiral  to  allow 
these  artillerymen  to  take  charge  of  the  most  im- 
portant ports  and  batteries  on  his  frontiers.  One 
captain,  four  lieutenants,  and  twenty-four  bom- 
bardiers were  accordingly  landed,  and  served  with, 
distinction  at  the  defence  of  Montalban  and  Mont- 
leuze.  These  two  fortresses  being  assaulted  and 
taken  by  the  French  and  Spaniards  in  April,  the- 
detachments  were  made  prisoners." 
Where  were  these  fortresses  situated  ? 

Does  any  account  exist  of  their  capture 
in  1744  ?  J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Col. 

ZELLA  TRELAWNY.- — I  have  been  unable 
to  trace  the  history  of  Zella,  the  daughter  of 
Edward  Trelawny,  the  friend  of  Shelley 
and  Byron. 

Trele.wny  mentions  Zella  in  letters  to- 
Claire  Clairmont  circa  1829,  but  not  ^later  ; 
perhaps  some  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  may 
kindly  afford  information.  E.  M.  S. 

VOLANS. — I  shall  be  pleased  if  any 
genealogist  can  inform  me  of  the  source  of 
the  family  name  Volans.  It  is  found  chiefly 
in  Yorkshire,  being  fairly  common  aroundl 
Selby  and  York.  J.  R.  VOLANS. 

41  Norwood  Road,  Shipley,  Yorks. 


12  s.  vin.  JAN.  29,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


ROBEKT  CHOKE,  ft.  1270. — In  'Some 
Feudal  Coats  of  Arms  and  Pedigrees  '  there 
occurs  a  Robert  Croke  who  took  up  the 
cross  in  the  last  Crusade  1270.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  say  from  what  part  of  the 
country  this  Robert  Croke  came,  or,  better 
still,  inform  me  to  what  family  he  belonged  ? 
I  have  no  evidence,  but  it  is  just  possible 


that  he  may  have  belonged  to  the  Lanca- 
shire Crooks,  the  senior  branch  of  which  held 
the  manor  of  Crook  in  the  township  of 
^yhittle-le- Woods  from  the  twelfth  to  the 
sixteenth  century.  In  the  short  skeleton 
pedigree  given  below  there  is  a  Robert  who 
would  be  contemporary  with  the  one 
named  in  the  above-mentioned  work  : — 


Gilbert  de  Whittle,  living  circa  1150=r 

(See  '  Lancashire  Pipe  Rolls,' 
&c.  (Farrer) 


Henry  de  Whittle.     Made  a  grant  of  land  in=f 

Whittle  to  the  Knights  Hospitallers         | 


Hugh  de  Crook  (also  styled^r... 
"de  Whittle"), living  1257  I 

Issue. 


Richard  de  Clayton=f= 
(or  "de  Crook") 


Issue. 


Roger  de  Crook  (also  styled=p. 
"dejWhittle")  | 

RobertFf 

Issue. 

I  should  be  grateful  for  any  information  sent  direct  to  me  at  the  address  below. 
Eccleston  Park,  Preseot,  Lancashire.  F.  CROOKS. 


JOHN  BEAUMONT. — The  following  query 
appeared  at  8  S.  viii.  187  : — 

"  I  have  an  oval  miniature  on  vellum,  about  three 
and  a  half  inches  by  three  inches,  enclosed  within 
a  silver-gilt  case  with  glass  ;  a  loop,  formed  in  the 
shape  of  a  true  lover's  knot,  for  suspension.  The 
miniature  is  probably  by  Richardson,  a  portrait 
painter  of  some  repute  early  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  the  portrait  is  dressed  in  a  grey  open 
coat,  coloured  waistcoat  and  frill  or  lace  neckcloth. 
Who  was  the  John  Beaumont  above  referred  to  ? 

J.  HENRY." 

Can  any  one  inform  me  if  the  writer  of 
this  query  is  still  alive,  or  who  has  possession 
of  the  eighteenth  century  miniature  of  John 
Beaumont  to  which  he  refers  ? 

E.  BEAUMONT. 

1  Staverton  Road,  Oxford. 

PORTRAIT  OF  LEOPOLD  I.  OF  BELGIUM. — 
A  fine  equestrian  life-size  painting  of  King 
Leopold  I.  of  Belgium  was  a  notable  feature 
for  many  years  of  the  principal  dining- 
room  of  the  former  De  Keyser's  Royal 
Hotel  at  Blackfriars.  Where  is  this  picture 
at  present  located  ? 

J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101  Piccadilly,  W. 

GOUGER. — Information  required  as  to 
name  of  Gouger — believed  now  to  be 
extinct.  (Mrs.)  C.  STEPHEN. 

STAPLETON,  TUTOR  TO  O'CONNELL. — Can 
any  one  give  any  record  of  a  Brian  Stapleton 
or  Bryan  Stapylton,  tutor  to  Daniel 
O'Connell?  (Mrs.)  C.  STEPHEN. 

Wootton  Cottage,  Lincoln. 


EDWARD  BOOTY. — Information  is  sought 
concerning  the  life  and  remains  of  Edward 
Booty  of  Brighton,  landscape  painter,  who 
exhibited  in  London  between  1846  and 
1848.  Was  he  a  connexion  of  Henry  R. 
Booty  who  exhibited  in  1882-3  ? 

F.  GORDON  ROE. 
Arts  Club,  40  Dover  Street,  W.I. 

KINEMA  OR  CINEMA  ? — I  do  not  know 
whether  the  spelling  and  pronunciation  of 
this  word  has  been  discused  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
There  is,  I  believe,  a  Cinematograph  Act  of 
Parliament ;  and  if  so  spelt  in  the  Statute 
Book,  it  may  be  regarded  as  an  authoritative 
ruling.  G.  B.  M. 

THE  MAYFLOWER  :  PETER  BROWN. — One 
of  the  passengers  was  a  Peter  Brown, 
carpenter,  an  ancestor  of  the  renowned  John 
Brown  of  Harper's  Ferry.  Could  any  one 
state  birthplace  or  county  of  origin  of  Peter  ? 

F.  BROWN. 
1  and  2  Whitfield  Street,  E.C.2. 

MAUNDRELL'S  'JOURNEY  FROM  ALEPPO 
TO  JERUSALEM,'  EASTER,  1697. — This  passed 
through  many  editions  not  only  alone,  and 
combined  with  the  same  author's  *  Journey  ' 
from  Aleppo  to  Beer  on  the  Euphrates,  and 
to  Mesopotamia ;  but  bound  up  under  one 
title-page  with  Dr.  Clayton's  translation 
of  the  Journal  which  the  Prefetto  of  Egypt 
kept  of  the  journey  he  took  in  1722  from 
Cairo  to  Mount  Sinai  and  back,  and,  in  at 
least  one  instance,  along  with  Jos.  Pitts's 
'Faithful  Account  of  the  Religion,'  &c., 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vin.  JAN.  29,  mi. 


of  the  Mahometans,  and  of  the  visit  he  paid 
to  Mecca. 

I  have  a  copy  of  the  second  edition  dated 
Oxford,  MDCCVII,  and  I  have  compared  two 
copies,  dated  London,  1810  ;  one  of  which 
is  said  to  be  the  eighth  and  the  other  the 
tenth  !  I  should  like  to  be  informed  when 
and  where  the  first  was  issued,  and  also  the 
ninth  ?  W.  S.  B.  H. 

TOBACCO:  "BIRD'S  EYE." — We  know 
why  certain  kinds  of  tobacco  are  called 
Returns.  Why  was  "Bird's  Eye"  so 
called  ?  I  am  not  learned  in  tobaccos,  but 
I  believe  "Bird's  Eye  "  has  "knots  "  in  it. 
How  are  they  made  ? 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

'THOMAS  DANN  AND  ALICE  LTJCAS.' — 
I  have  an  etching  by  W.  J.  White,  1818, 
named  as  above.  Can  any  reader  inform 
me  as  to  its  origin  ?  A.  E.  BOWDEN. 

8  Bloom  Grove,  West  Norwood,  S.E. 

"A   MISS     IS   AS    GOOD   AS   A   MAN." In     a 

lecture  delivered  at  Toulouse  on  July  10, 
1918,  by  M.  Emile  Boutroux  of  the  Academie 
Fran^aise,  the  eminent  Academician  said : — 

"Les  fe"ministes n'oubliereut   pas,   toutefois, 

queleur  ambition  essentiellee'taitdefaire  admettre 
que,  dans  une  foule  de  professions,  la  on  Ton  croit 
que  1'homme  seul  peut  re"ussir,  la  femme,  en 
re'alite',  peut  rendre  les  m§mes  services,  a  miss  is  as 
good  as  a  man.'* 

Did  M.  Boutroux  invent  this  perversion 
of  the  old  proverb,  or  did  he  take  it  from 
some  comic  paper  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  TURBTJLINES. — Any  source  of  infor- 
mation regarding  this  sect  would  oblige. 

Schaff-Herzog  in  '  A  Religious  Encyclo 
psedia,'  vol.  iii.  p.  1994,  3rd  edition,  1894, 
compares  them  to  the  "  Ranters,  An  Anti 
nomian  sect  of  the  Commonwealth  Period,' 
whom  Fuller  in  his  '  Church  History  ' 
associates  with  the  Familists. 

"  They  are  described  as  believing  themselves  in 
capable  of    sinning,  and  fancying    themselves   in 
Adam 's  state  as  he  was  in  Paradise  before  the  fall, 
as  stripping  themselves  naked  (like  the  Turbulines, 
&o.)  at  their  public  meetings." 

FREDERICK  CHARLES  WHITE. 

BOOK  WANTED. — Can  any  one  tell  me 
the  author's  name  or  title  of  a  book,  written 
as  an  autobiography,  describing  how  a 
young  man,  living  in  London,  goes  into  the 
country  to  his  father's  funeral  and  finds 
his  estate  was  mortgaged  and  wrecked.  He 
returns  to  London,  seeks  work,  becomes 


secretary  to  Lord  ,  and  has  a  varied 

career,  landing  at  last  in  Newgate.  Thence 
escapes  with  a  pal  to  sea,  acting  as  super- 
cargo in  trips  to  France,  and  eventually 
goes  to  the  South  Seas,  a  description  of 
which  covers  more  than  half  the  story. 
Date,  say,  eighteenth  or  early  nineteenth 
century.  "  E.  H.  C. 

STANIER. — Wanted  particulars  of  the 
marriage  of  John  Stanier  and  Bridget, 
1716-1727  ;  probably  in  Shropshire  (not  in 
printed  registers)  or  Oxfordshire,  or  North- 
amptonshire. H.  ST.  JOHN  DAWSON. 

TAVERN  SIGN:  "NONE  THE  WISER." — 
The  other  day  I  noticed  an  inn  in  Edmonton 
bearing  the  above  sign. 

Can  any  reader  inform  me  what  is  the 
origin  of  it  ?  It  is  not  mentioned  in  Larwood. 
WALTER  B.  PATON. 

10  Stanhope  Gardens,  Queen's  Gate,  S.W.7. 

WILLIAM  HOLDER  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School  in  April  1733,  aged  11.  Was 
he  one  of  the  Holders  of  Gloucester  (See 
12  S.  vii.  510)  ?  Any  information  about  his 
parentage  and  career  would  be  useful. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

CHIPPENDALE. — Is  anything  known  of  the* 
parentage  of  Thomas  Chippendale,  the 
cabinet  maker  ?  The  'D.N.B.'  simply  says 
that  he  was  "a  native  of  Worcestershire 
who  came  to  London  in  the  reign  of 
George  I."  Mr.  J.  P.  Blake,  in  his  little 
book  'Chippendale  and  his  School,'  says  :— 

*'  There  were  three  Thomas  Chippendales,  all  of 
whom  were  carvers  or  craftsmen,  or  both.  The 
second  of  the  three  was  the  great  Thomas  Chippen- 
dale. The  first  Chippendale  is  said  to  have  been  a 
well-known  cabinet-maker  at  Worcester  at  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It  is  believed 
that  father  and  son  came  to  London  about  1727  and 
started  business  together." 

The  same  authority  states  that  he  was 
buried  at  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields  on 
Nov.  13,  1779. 

In  the  Register  of  the  Cathedral  Church, 
Sheffield,  is  the  following  entry  : — 

"Married— 11  Nov.  1707  Thos.  Chippendale  and 
Martha  Hudson  ot  Hallam." 

Can  this  be  the  father  of  the  great 
Thomas  ?  Did  he  come  to  Sheffield  for  his 
wife  ?  I  have  not  met  with  any  other 
instance  of  the  name  in  the  Register. 

CHARLES  DRURY. 

12  Ranmoor  Cliffe  Road,  Sheffield. 

[Our  correspondent  might  consult  11  S.  vi.  407 ; 
vii.  10,54,  94,  153,216.] 


i2s.  vm.  JAN.  29, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


LEIGH  HUNT. — In '  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia 
of  English  Literature  '  (editions  from  1844- 
1892)  there  is  included,  among  the  re- 
presentative selections  from  Leigh  Hunt  a 
*' Dirge  "  ("Blessed  is  the  turf,  serenely 
blest  ").  I  have  not  found  this  elsewhere 
^attributed  to  or  acknowledged  by  Leigh 
Hunt.  Can  any  reader  trace  it  for  me  ? 

F.  PAGE. 

MORGAN  PHILLIPS. — This  Roman  Catholic 
worthy,  one  of  the  founders  of  Douay  College, 
where  he  died  1570,  was  also  known  and 
referred  to  as  Phillip  Morgan.  Where  was 
lie  a  native  of  originally  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

SPENCER  TURNER. — Information  is  desired 
about  this  man.  He  had  a  nursery  at 
Holloway  Down,  Essex,  in  1787  (?)  Had 
tie  any  connexion  with  Turner's  oak  ? 

J.  ARDAGH. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.— 

The  following  must  belong  to  some  work  between 
1700-1770.  Are  they  from  Pitt's  speeches? 

1.  "  My  hold  of  the  colonies  is  in  the  close  affec- 
tion which  grows  from  common  names,  from  kindred 
blood,  from  similar  privileges  and  equal  protection. 

44  These  are  ties  which,  though  light  as  air,  are  as 
•strong  as  links  of  iron." 

2.  "  To  hinder  insurrection  by  driving  away  the 
people,  and  to  govern  peaceably  by  having  no  sub- 
jects, is  an  expedient  that  argues  no  great  profundity 
of  politics.  It  affords  a  legislator  little  self-applause 
to  consider  that,  where  there  was  formerly  an  in- 
surrection, is  now  a  wilderness."  L.  H.  P. 

3.  Will  some  one  please  supply  author  of  these 
lines,  and  fill  in  missing  words? 

^Somewhere  there  wanders  thro'  this  world  of  ours 

Two  hungry  souls 

Each  chasing  each  thro'  all  the  weary  hours, 
And  meeting  strangely  at  some  sudden  goal, 
Then  blend  they,  like  green  leaves  with  golden 

flowers, 

Into  one  beautiful  and  perfect  whole, 
And  life's  long  night  is  ended,  and  the  way 
Seems  open  onward  to  Eternal  Day. 

M.  A.  P. 

4.  Who    wrote   the   following,    and    concerning 
•whom?    It  is  a  quotation  from  Beckmann. 

Si  son  execrable  m^moire 

Parvient  a  la  poste'rite'. 
C'est  que  le  crime,  aussi  bien  que  la  gloire 

Conduit  a  I'immortaUte. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
^>.  Who  wrote  : — 

Time,  and  the  ocean,  and  some  fostering  star, 
In  high  cabal  have  made  us  what  we  are. 

J.  R.  H. 

5.  Sir  William  Watson  :  '  Ode  on  the  Day  of  the 
Coronation  of  King  Edward  VII.,'  11. 8  and  9.1 


TERCENTENARY   HANDLIST    OF 
NEWSPAPERS. 

(12  S.  viii.  38.     See  vii,  480.) 

EVERYONE  interested  in  the  history  of  news- 
papers and  periodicals  must  be  grateful  to 
Mr.  J.  G.  Muddiman  and  to  The  Times  for 
the  compilation  and  publication  of  the 
'Handlist  ' — to  the  former  for  undertaking 
such  laborious  work,  and  to  the  latter  for 
enabling  it  to  be  printed  for  the  use  of 
students.  The  more  the  'Handlist  '  is 
used  the  more  its  value  will  be  appreciated 
and  if,  with  the  co-operation  of  readers  of 
'N.  &  Q.',  the  earlier  history  of  the  press 
can  be  brought  to  completion  a  *  very 
necessary  piece  of  research  will  be  available 
for  posterity.  Mr.  Muddiman  will  be  the 
first  to  acknowledge  that  such  a  work  as 
his  must  be  incomplete,  more  especially, 
perhaps,  in  the  provincial  section,  and  here 
I  think  he  might  well  have  asked  publicly 
for  assistance  in  compiling  lists  and  so  have 
made  his  '  Handlist  '  of  even  more  value. 
The  fugitive  nature  of  provincial  papers  is 
well  known  and  records  of  many  can  only 
be  obtained  by  using  local  knowledge. 

Two  other  suggestions  are  offered.  Having 
put  the  index  to  a  fairly  close  test  the  need 
for  more  direct  reference  to  the  titles  is  felt. 
The  chronological  arrangement  having  been 
adhered  to  throughout  makes  searching 
for  titles  more  difficult  than  would  have 
been  the  case  had  the  group  of  papers  under 
each  year  been  numbered.  For  example, 
under  1888  in  section  II.  there  are  126  titles 
and  had  these  been  numbered  from  1 
onwards  and  referred  to  in  the  index  as 
1888  (1),  1888  (2),  &c.,  instant  reference 
could  have  been  made.  The  initial  labour 
would  have  been  greater  and  the  cost  of 
printing  added  to,  but  the  ultimate  saving 
in  time  to  users  of  the  list  would  have  been 
immense. 

Secondly,  the  index  would  have  been 
more  complete  had  it  included  the  titles  of 
papers  which  were  the  successors,  under 
different  names,  of  earlier  ones.  As  examples 
I  give  (1)  the  (second)  Gloucester  Mercury 
(1856),  which  was  a  continuation  of  The 
Gloucester  Free  Press  (see  p.  240,  col.  2), 
and  (2)  The  South  Midland  Free  Press,  the 
continuation  of  The  Northamptonshire  Free 
Press.  Neither  is  indexed.  Unless  one  has 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  29, 1921. 


special  knowledge  of  these  changes  it  may 
be  assumed  too  quickly  that  they  have  been 
omitted. 

The  following  list  has  been  compiled  frcm 
papers  actually  in  my  possession  or  seen 
elsewhere.  It  is  divided  in  two  parts  in 
accordance  with  the  plan  in  the  '  Handlist. ' 
I  have  made  every  effort  to  check  the  titles 
so  that  they  may  be  real  additions. 

PART  I. — LONDON. 

1809.  Bell's  Weekly  Dispatch.  Vol.  ii.,  No.  396, 
Apr.  9.  [I  cannot  trace  this  in  Hand- 
list :  Grant,  Newspaper  Press,  iii., 
39-40  says  established  in  1801  but  had 
not  seen  it  earlier  than  1812.] 

1820.  Riley's  Political  Digest.     Dec.  11. 

1829.  The  Weekly  Free  Press.  Vol  iv.,  No.  183, 
Jan.  10. 

1831.  A  Political  Register  (Wm.  Carpenter's). 
Jan.  28. 

1833.  The  Wag.     No.  3,  Nov.  24. 

1834.  The  Official  Gazette  of  the  Trades  Unions. 

Conducted  by  the  Executive  of  the 
Consolidated  Union.  Nos.  1-2,  June 
7,  14. 

The  People's  Police  Gazette.  No.  29. 
Mar.  1. 

The  Pioneer  and  Weekly  Chronicle.  Nos. 
2-8,  New  Series,  July  19  to  Aug.  30  ; 
No.  9  [Entitled]  Pioneer  and  Official 
Gazette  with  which  is  Incorporated  the 
Weekly  Chronicle,  Crisis,  and  The  New 
Moral  World,  Sept.  6  ;  No.  10  [Entitled] 
The  Pioneer  and  Official  Gazette  of  the 
Associated  Trades  Union,  Sept.  13. 

Twopenny  Dispatch.     No.  21,  Nov.  1. 

Weekly  Police  Gazette.  No.  2,  Jan.  11  ; 
Vol.  ii.,  No.  27,  July  4,  1835. 

1835.  The    Axe    and   Working   Man's   Advocate. 

No.  1,  Sept.  5. 

The  New  Political  Register.     No.  1,  Oct.  17. 
People's  Weekly  Dispatch.     No.  1,  Oct.  4. 

1836.  Carpenter's      London      Journal.      No.     1, 

Feb.  13. 

The  Champion.  No.  1,  Sept.  18  ;  No.  10 
[Entitled]  The  Champion  and  Weekly 
Herald,  Nov.  20.  No.  1,  N.S.,  May  13, 
1837;  No.  174,  "with  which  is  in- 
corporated the  London  Dispatch," 
Jan.  12,  1840, 

Church  and  State.     No.  1,  Jan.  16. 

1837.  The    Omnibus.     No.    1,   Feb.    18  ;     No.    5, 

Mar.  18. 

1838.  Holt's  Saturday  Journal.     No.  1,  Nov.  10. 
The  London  Universal  Advertiser.     Vol.  i., 

No.  2,  May  19. 
The    Museum.     A    Journal    of    Literature, 

Science    and    Art.     No.     1,    Mar.    24  ; 

Nos.  7-8,  May,  5,  12. 

1838?  Entertaining  Knowledge    Gazette.     No.  2. 
1845.  London    Journal    and    Weekly    Record    of 

Literature,    Science    and    Art.     No.    1, 

Mar.  1. 

The  Voice  of  the  Poor.     No.  1,  Oct.  11. 
1845  ?  Lloyd's  Companion  to  the  Penny  Sunday 

Times     and     People's     Police     Gazette. 

No.  197,  June  15. 


1846.  Gulliver.     No.  1,  Jan.  24. 

1851.  The  Art  News  :    an  illustrated  journal  of 

the  Great  Exhibition  of  1851.     Nos.  1-4,. 
May  10-31. 

1852.  British  Museum  and  Week  Book  offFacts. 

No.  1,  Mar.  13. 

1853.  The  Silver  Penny.     No.  2,  Dec.  10. 
1855.  The  Pilot.     No.  2,  June  23. 

PART  II. — PROVINCIAL. 

1741.  The  Cirencester  Flying  Post  and  Weekly- 
Miscellany.  No.  42,  Oct.  f,  1741  to- 
No.  164,  Feb.  6,  1774.  In  Bingham 
Library,  Cirencester.  [See  my  note  in 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  11  S.  x.  325-6.] 

1784.  The  Gloucester  Gazette  ;  and  South  Wales,. 
Worcester  and  Wiltshire  General  Adver- 
tiser. Vol.  ii.,  No.  100,  July  8  (Glou- 
cester). Last  number  seen  Nov.  18,- 
1796. 

1801.  The  Glocester  Herald.  No.  1,  Oct.  3. 
1801.  Continued  as  The  Gloucester  and 
Cheltenham  Herald,  Jan.  7,  1826.  Last 
number  seen  June  2,  1828. 

1815.  The  Gleaner,  or  Cirencester  Weekly  Maga- 
zine. Nos.  1-52,  Dec.  28,  1815  to 
Dec.  23,  1816. 

1830.  The  Tewkesbury  Yearly  Register  and 
Magazine.  1830-1849.  Issued  annually.. 

1832.  The  Gloucester  and  Cheltenham  Standard. 
Nos.  1-8,  Sept.  1  to  Oct.  20. 

1838.  The    New    Moral    World    and    Manual    of 

Science.  No.  203,  Sept.  15  (Birming- 
ham). 

Victoria  Journal  or  Moral  political  and 
Social  Reformer.  No.  1 ,  July  21  (Man- 
chester). 

1839.  The     Gloucestershire    Paul    Fry.     No.     7, 

Aug.  17  (Gloucester). 

1841.  The  Gloucestershire  Beacon.  Nos.  1-2,. 
Feb.  to  Mar.  1841  (Gloucester). 

1843.  The    Mirror    of    Schism.     No.    1,    June    3, 
1843.     No.  5,  Opt  7,  1843  (Gloucester). 
Tewkesbury  Magazine  and  Literary  Journal.. 
Nos.  1-3  (All),  May  to  July. 

1846.  Tunbridge  Wells  Looker  On.  No.  8,. 
Aug.  14. 

1861.  The  Triad  (Cheltenham).  Nos.  1-2  (All) 
Nov.  to  Dec. 

1866.  The  Cheltonian.  No.  1,  March  1866  to 
Oct.  1869.  Continued  as  The  Chelten- 
ham College  Magazine,  Nov.  1869  to 
Aug.  1874.  Continued  as  The  Chel- 
tonian, Oct.  1874.  In  progress. 

1868.  Banner's  Monthly  Illustrated  Journal 
No.  1,  May  1868  to  April  1869  (Ciren- 
cester). 

1874.  The  Glocestrian.     No.  1,  1874.     Continued 

as  The  London  Amateur  and  The  Gloces- 
trian, March  1879  to  March  1880. 
Continued  as  The  Glocestrian,  May  to 
July  1880. 

1875.  The      Gloucester      Independent.      No.     3^ 

Oct.  23. 

1876.  The  Gloucester  Herald.     No.  1,  May  6. 

1877.  Cheltenham  :    a  fortnightly  serial.     No.  1,. 

Nov.  15  ;  No.  8,  St.  Patrick's  Day,. 
1878. 


128.  VIII.  JAN.  29,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


93 


1878.  The  Bee  (Cheltenham).     No.  2,  June. 
Gloucester  Guardian.     No.  2,  June  27. 
Gloucestershire       Templar       Record       and 

Quarterly  Guide.  Nos.  2-5,  May  1878  to 
Feb.  1879  (Stroud). 

1879.  Gloucester  Observer.     Nos.  1-3,  June    14- 

28.  Fire  occurred  July  8  and  issue 
ceased. 

1880.  The  Cheltenham  Ladies'  College  Magazine. 

No.  1,  February.     In  progress-. 

1881.  The    Evening    Mercury.     No.    6,    Mar.    21 

(Gloucester). 

Gloucestershire  Wasp.     Nos.   1-7,   Oct.  29 
to  Dec.  10  (Gloucester). 

1882.  The  Gloucestershire  and  Herefordshire  Con- 

gregational Magazine.  No.  1,  Jan. 
(Bristol). 

1885.  The  Philistine.  No.  1,  Oct.,  1885.  Continua- 
tion of  Cheltenham  Working  Men's  College 
Magazine  (276,  col.  2)  (Cheltenham). 

1888.  The  Gloucester  and  Cheltenham  Congrega- 

tional Magazine.  No.  1,  Jan.  1888  ; 
Vol.  2,  No.  9,  Sept.  1889. 

1889.  Glo'strian.    No.  1,  Jan.  1889;   Vol.  3,  No.  3, 

1891  (Gloucester). 

1893.  The  Cheltenham  Mirror.     No.  15,  Feb.  28. 
1897.  The     Independent.     A     monthly     review. 

No.    1,   May    1897  to  No.  3,  July  1897 

(Gloucester). 
1901.  The     Protestant     Chronicle.     Nos.      1-13, 

Oct.  15,  1901  to  Oct.  22,  1902. 
1907.  The  Cryptian.    No.  1,  Dec.  1907.   In  progress 

(Gloucester). 
The    Gloucestershire    Scholastic    Magazine. 

No.  1,  Jan.  1907  to  Vol.  4,  No.  23,  July 

14,  1914  (Cheltenham). 

1909.  The    Plutonian    Magazine.     No.     1,    July 

1909   (Gloucester). 

1910.  The  Gloucester  Free  Press.     No.  1,  Dec.  2 

to  No.  13,  Feb.  24,  1911.  Incorporated 
with  Gloucester  Household  News  (319, 
col.  1). 

1911.  The   Calton   Magazine   for  boys  and   girls. 

April  1911  to  Spring  1913  (Goucester). 
The  Gloucester  Conservative  and  Unionist 

monthly.    No.  1,  October  1909  to  No.  25, 

December  1911. 
The    National    School    Magazine.     No.    1, 

December,  1911.     In  progress.     No  issue 

between   Easter    1915    and  Midsummer 

1920  i  Gloucester). 

1912  Gloucester     Technical     Schools     Magazine. 
.    Nos.  1-2,  December  to  March  1912-13. 
More  Hall  Magazine.     Xos.  1-19,  May  1912 

to  October  1916   (Stroud). 
1913.  Bristol     and     Gloucestershire     Automobile 

Club  Monthly  Journal.     No.  1,  Jan.  31, 

1913  to  Vol.  iii.,  No.  12,  December  1915, 

Vol.  v.,  No.  3,  March  1917. 

1913.  The    Rich    School   Magazine.     No.    1,    De- 

cember;   No.  2,  July  1914  (Gloucester). 

1914.  The   Star.     The   organ   of  the   progressive 

•  forces  of  Cheltenham,  Tewkesbury, 
Cirencester,  &c.  No.  1,  Mar.  14  (Chel- 
tenham). 

1916.  The  Hillfield  Magazine.  No.  1,  Nov.  25, 
1916.  Continued  as  The  Palace  Voluntary 
Aid  Hospital  Magazine,  No.  5,  May  1917 
to  July  1918  (Gloucester). 
The  Rendcombe  Gazette.  Nos.  1-16, 
Aug.  17  to  Sept.  4,  1916  (Cirencester). 


NOTES. 

Page  of  Handlist. 

120  (2)  Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries.     No.  1 

April  1879.     Published  first  in   Stroud. 

Last  number  Vol.  x.,  No.  90,  January 

1914. 
218  (2)  Gloucester  Journal.     First  published  Apr, 

9,    1722.     A    complete    file    to    beyond 

1885  is  in  private  hands. 
222  (2)  The     Gloucestershire     Repository.     Read 

Glocestershire.      Continued    to    Vol    ii., 

No.  10,  Apr.  19,  1822. 
227  (2)  The  Looker  On.     This  is  also  given  under 

1836  (229,  col.  1)  the  later  date  being  a 

new     series.     Publication     discontinuecF- 

July  24,  1920. 
289  (1)  Gloucestershire    Magpie.     For    1892    read 

1893. 
300(1)  Stroud  Weekly  Press.     No.   1,  June  28, 

1895. 

323(2)  The  Link.     No.   1,  January  1916.     Con- 
tinued   April    1918    as    The    Linkman. 

Discontinued     July     1918.     For    Upton 

St.  Leonards,  read  Gloucester. 
Index,   Sec.    I. — Cleave's  has   been   placed   after 

Clerkenwell  and  may  therefore  be  missed. 
Index,  Sect.  II. — Reading  Mercury,  218,  omittedj- 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 


'  POOR  UNCLE  NED  '  (12  S.  vi.  287  ;  vii.  373, 
438,  514;  viii.  36). — I  have  two  books 
which  contain  a  vast  number  of  songs 
(words  only.)  viz.,  'St.  James's  Song  Book/ 
printed  and  published  by  R.  March  &  Co.,. 
St.  James's  Walk,  E.G.,  and  '  Cole's  Funniest 
Song  Book  in  the  World,'  edited,  &c,,  by 
E.  W.  Cole,  Melbourne  :  Cole's  Book  Arcade,. 
London  :  25  Paternoster  Row,  E.C.  Neither 
is  dated.  In  the  first  a  former  ownerphas 
written  "1896  "  under  his  name.  The 
following  is  the  song  as  it  appears  in  the- 
'  St.  James's  Song  Book,'  p.  545  : — 

UNCLE  NED. 

There  was  an  old  nigger,  his  name  was  Uncle  Ned,. 

He  died  a  long  while  ago  ; 
He  had  no  wool  on  the  top  of  his  head, 

In  the  place  where  the  wool  ought  to  grow. 

Hang  up  the  shovel  and  the  hoe,  the  hoe, 
Lay  down  the  fiddle  and  the  bow, 

There's  no  more  work  for  poor  old  Ned, 
He's  gone  where  the  good  niggers  go. 

His  nails  were  longer  than  the  cane  in  the  brake,. 

No  eyes  had  he  for  to  see, 
He  had  no  teeth  to  eat  the  hoe-cake 

So  was  forced  to  let  the  hoe-cake  be. 
Hang  up  the  shovel,  &c. 

On  a  very  cold  morning  poor  uncle  Ned  died, 

In  his  grave  they  laid  him  low, 
And  ev'ry  nigger  said,  he  was  very  much  afraid,. 

His  like  they  never  more  would  know. 
Hang  up  the  shovel,  &c. 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [i2s.vm.  JAN.  29, 1921. 


The  version  in  '  Cole's  Funniest  Song 
Book,'  p.  257,  is  the  same  except  that  the 
second  line  is  : — 

He  died  long  ago,  long  ago. 

"That  the  song  is  some  seventy  years  old  or 
more  is  evidenced  by  Delane's  'Journal,' 
quoted  at  the  first  reference. 

What  sort  of  bread  or  cake  is  or  was  a 
hoe-cake  ?  ROBERT  PIEBPOINT. 

In  an  old  volume  of  music  I  find  this 
pathetic  ballad,  with  a  frontispiece  portrait 
of  the  hero.  It  was  published  by  the 
"Musical  Bouquet,"  192  High  Holborn. 
No  date,  but  the  book  itself  was  bound  up 
some  time  in  the  fifties  of  last  century.  The 
-first  verse  runs  : — 

I  once  knew  a  nigger,  his  name  was  Uncle  Ned, 

He  died  a  long  while  ago, 
/He  had  no  wool  on  the  top  of  him  head, 

Just  the  place  where  the  wool  ought  to  grow 

Chorus 
Hang  up  the  shovel  and  the  hoe,  the  hoe, 

Lay  down  his  fiddle  and  his  bow. 
There's  no  more  toil  for  poor  old  Ned, 
He's  gone  where  all  good  niggers  go. 

S.  PONDER. 

Torquay. 

Dar  \vas  an  old  nigger,  and  dey  called  him  Uncle  Ned 

But  he's  dead  long,  long  ago. 
He  had  no  wool  on  de  top  of  his  head 

On  de  place  where  de  wool  ought  to  grow. 
•Second  verse  : — 

Uncle  Ned  he  was  married  when  he  was  berry  young 

To  a  yaller  girl  dey  call  Lucy  Lee, 
•  She  died  in  tree  week,  by  an  alligator's  tongue, 
On  de  banks  ob  de  old  Tenessee. 

There  are  five  verses.  Chorus  after  each 
^as  follows  : — 

Den  lay  down  de  shubble  and  de  hoe, 

Hang  up  de  fiddle  and  de  bow, 
Dar's  no  more  work  for  poor  Uncle  Ned, 

He's  gone  where  de  good  niggers  go. 

E.    C.    WlENHOLT. 

7  Shooters  Hill  Road,  Blackheath,  S.E.3. 

THE  FIRST  LORD  WESTBURY  (12  S. 
^viii.  51). — My  old  friend  the  late  J.  B. 
Atlay  in  the  section  of  his  'Victorian 
•Chancellors  '  which  treats  of  Lord  Westbury 
(Richard  Bethell)  in  commenting  on  his 
overbearing  demeanour,  writes  as  follows  : — 

"  No  one  was  immune,  not  the  Court  itself,  nor 
the  solicitors  who  instructed  him,  least  of  all  his 
juniors.  One  of  these,  Charles  Neate,  Fellow  of 
Oriel,  and  in  after  years  member  for  the  City  of 
Oxford,  was  goaded  beyond  endurance — '  Shut  up, 
you  fool ! '  are  the  words  which  are  said  by  the 
late  Thomas  Mozley  to  have  been  addressed  to  him 
— and  retaliated  in  a  fashion  which  all  but  lost  him 
(his  gown,  and  did  compel  his  disappearance  from 


active  work  at  the  Bar,  Whether  he  knocked 
Bethell  down,  as  the  Oriel  tradition  runs,  or  pulled 
his  nose  outside  the  Vice-Chancellor's  Court,  or, 
in  a  still  more  modified  version,  merely  lunged 
at  him  with  an  umbrella,  I  am  not  prepared  to 
decide." 

WlLLOUCHBY  MAYCOCK. 

AN  OLD  SILVER  CHARM  (12  S.  viii.  50). — 
Can  this  be  one  of  the  old  Italian  charms 
against  the  evil  eye,  called,  I  believe, 
"  sprig-of-rue  "  ? 

WALTER  E.   GAWTHORP. 

16  Long  Acre,  W.C.2. 

TULCHAN  BISHOPS  (12  S.  viii.  52). — 
Tulchan  is  a  Gaelic  term  meaning  "a  little 
heap,"  then,  a  stuffed  calf -skin  placed  imder 
a  cow's  nose  to  induce  her  to  give  her  milk, 
then,  derisively,  applied  to  the  titular 
bishops  in  whose  names  the  revenues  of 
the  Scottish  sees  were  drawn  by  the  lay 
barons,  who  thus  had  "  ane  tulchen  lyk  as 
the  kow  had  or  scho  wald  gif  milk,  ane  calfis 
skinstoppit  withstra  "  (Lindesay,  ante  1578), 
quoted  in  'N.E.D.'  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

Nominal  bishops,  not  consecrated  or  even 
in  priest's  orders,  who  held  office  in  Scotland 
at  the  time  of  the  Reformation.  So  named 
as  tulchan  means  a  stuffed  calf's  skin  set  up 
in  sight  of  a  cow  to  persuade  her  to  give  her 
milk.  See  J.  H.  Blunt,  '  Dictionary  of  Sects, 
Heresies,'  &c.,  187<L  p.  543,  and  note. 

W.  A.  B.  C. 
Grindelwald. 

In  accordance  with  the  Concordat  at 
Leith  (February,  1572)  and  the  General 
Assembly  at  Perth  (August,  1572)  bishoprics 
were  in  the  gift  of  lay  lords  who  appointed 
to  the  bishopric  those  who  would  take  the 
smallest  stipend,  while  they  themselves 
enjoyed  the  full  emoluments  of  the  see. 
These  were  called,  in  ridicule,  "tulchan 
bishops."  Tulchans  is  the  Gaelic  name  for 
calf-skins  filled  with  straw  which  were 
placed  before  cows  to  induce  them  to  yield 
their  milk  more  readily.  C.  G.  N. 

I.  F.  will  find  in  the  late  Bishop  Anthony 
Mitchel's  'Short  History  of  the  Church 
in  Scotland,'  London,  Rivingtons,  1911 
("Oxford  Church  Text  Books  Series  "),  the 
information  he  requires  on  pp.  60  and  61. 
It  appears  that  after  the  Reformation  in 
Scotland  when,  in  1560,  Episcopacy  was 
banished,  and  the  superintendent  system 
founded,  there  were  two  distinct  parties  in 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  one  for  Episcopacy, 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN.  29, 1921.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


95 


the  other  strongly  against  it,  having  as  its 
leader  Andrew  Melville.  As  the  rich  living! 
became  vacant  the  Earl  of  Morton  (after 
wards  Regent)  overcame  men's  scruples  b^ 
appointing  superintendents  or  sham  bishops 
and  some  of  the  clergy  were  tempted  to 
accept  these  so  called  bishoprics  for  a  verj 
small  endowment,  the  rest  of  the  revenue? 
being  held  by  the  greedy  nobility.  It  is 
related  that  Earl  Morton  in  talking  to  one 
Mr.  John  Douglas  said  :  "  Mr.  John,  listen 
I  shall  get  you  raised  to  the  archbishopric  o: 
St.  Andrews,  a  part  of  the  revenue  shall  b< 
yours — the  rest  mine.  You  understand  ?  ' 
and  so  the  deed  was  done.  Mr.  John  hac 
the  title  and  part  of  the  revenue,  but  the 
bulk  of  it  went  to  the  Earl.  The  example 
thus  set  was  soon  followed.  A  crop  of 
(Tulchan)  Bishops  soon  sprang  up.  They 
got  the  droll  name  of  Tulchans,  a  tulchar 
being  a  calf-skin  stuffed  full  of  straw  se1 
down  before  a  cow  that  will  not  yield  her 
milk.  J.  CLABE  HUDSON. 

Woodhall  Spa. 

These   were   titular    bishops   in    Scotland 
about  the  year  1572.     As  to  their  real  status 
and  the  origin  of  their  name  see  McCrie's 
*  Sketches    of    (Scottish)    Church    History, 
vol.  i.  p.  96  (4th  ed.,  Edin.,  1846). 

C.  J.  TOTTENHAM. 
Diocesan  Library,  Liverpool. 

T.ie  briefest  and  most  lucid  explanation 
of  fiat  term  is  in  the  Introduction  to  Car 
lyle's  '  I  Betters  of  Oliver  Cromwell.' 

G.  B.  M. 

rSeveral  other  correspondents  thanked  for  re 
<plies.] 

A  WAKE  GAME  (12  S.  vii.  405). — Under  a 
very  slightly  different  name,  the  "  Jenny 
Jo  "  game  was  played  twenty  to  forty  years 
ago  by  children  in  the  Carolinas  and  in 
Mississippi.  People  I  have  asked  did  not 
know  of  the  game,  however,  in  Texas  or 
Wisconsin.  I  was  much  pleased  to  find  a 
iew  months  ago  that  it  has  been  placed  upon 
a  phonograph  record,  along  with  similar 
song-games.  "Miss  Jennia  Jones,"  slightly 
doctored,  I  think,  from  the  form  in  which 
I  knew  it  as  a  boy,  is  in  the  '  Third  Bubble 
Book,'  a  printed  book  with  records  in 
pockets,  prepared  by  the  Columbia  Grapho- 
phone  Co.,  and  published  by  Harper  & 
Brothers.  It  is  doubtless  procurable  in 
England  as  well  as  in  America.  And  the 
i-une  is  the  same  I  was  used  to  sing  : — 

"One  player  acts  the  part  of  the  mother  and 
-stands  so  as  to  hide  the  other  player,  Jennia  Jones, 


behind  her.     The  other  players  form  aline  facing 
the   mother  and.  with  hands  joined,  skip  forward 
and  backward  (eight  steps  each  way)  and  bow  at 
the  words  •  how  is  she  to-day?  '    The  mother  makes 
the  appropriate  motions  to  indicate  washing,  ironing, 
etc.     Whenever  the  players  say   'white     they  all 
attempt  to  run  away.    The  first  one  Jennia  catches 
takes  her  place  and  Jennia  herself  takes  the  part 
of  the  mother.    Then  the  game  is  repeated.  ' 
The  first  stanza  and  refrain  are  :  — 
We've  come  to  see  Miss  Jennia  Jones, 
Miss  Jennia  Jones,  Miss  Jennia  Jones, 
We've  come  to  see  Miss  Jennia  Jones, 
And  how  is  she  to-day  ?  (  She's  washing.) 

We're  right  glad  to  hear  it, 
To  hear  it,  to  hear  it, 
We're  right  glad  to  hear  it, 
And  how  is  she  to-day  ? 

The  second  stanza  repeats,  changing  the 
reply  to  "  She's  ironing  "  ;  .and  the  third,  to 
"She's  dead."  Then  the  refrain  changes 
"glad"  to  "sorry,"  and  the  query  is 
"What  shall  we  dress  her  in  ?  "  Blue  is 
for  sailors,  and  will  never  do  ;  red  is  for 
firemen  ;  pink  is  for  babies  ;  but  "White 
is  for  angels,  so  that  of  course  will  do." 

For  the  last  line  of  the  refrain,  we  sang 
"We'll  call  another  day  "  ;  and  instead  of 
being  "right  glad,"  we  were  "very  glad.' 
And  we  should  not  have  known  then  what 
a  "  wake  "  is,  if  we  had  been  asked. 

R.  H.  GRIFFITH. 


:  CNOLLABE  :  PULSARE  (12  S.  vii.  502  ; 
viii.  37).  —  It  may  be  interesting,  in  connexion 
with  H.  C.'s  important  article  under  this 
heading,  to  note  that  in  the  early  accounts  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford  (1340-1480)  ncla  is 
never  used  for  a  bell.  Campana  is  the  regular 
word,  tintinndbulum  being  used  twice,  both 
times  for  a  small  bell,  in  the  expenses  of  the 
chapel,  pro  factura  tintinnahuli  iiijd  and 
pro  tintinnabulo  iiijd  ?  In  view  of  the 
suggestion  that  nola  may  be  a  clapper,  it  is 
to  be  observed  that  under  tintinnabuLum 
Vlaigne  d'Arnis  gives  tintinnabulum  campane, 
as  tudicula,  battant,  i.e..  hammer  or  clapper. 

JOHN  B.  MAGBATH. 
Queen's  College.  Oxford. 

CHARTTJLARIES     (12     S.     vii.     330,     414  ; 

Hi.  56).  —  In  a  handbook  drawn  up  for  the 

se  of  contributors  to  the  'Victoria  County 

History  '  will  be  found  a  list  of  chartularies 

;ounty  by  county.     The  chartularies  refer  - 

ing  to  Beaulieu  are  Cottonian  MS.  Nero  A. 

XII.  ;  Duke  of  Portland,  1832  ;  Harl.  MSS. 

3602,  6603.    In  Sim's  'Manual  for  the  Genea- 

ogist  '  there  is  also  a  list  of  chartularies. 

t  therefore  seems  that  "a  bibliography  of 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.jAN.29.i92i. 


existing  monastic  records  "  had  already  been 
published.  As,  however,  these  lists  in  the 
works  referred  to  may  not  be  accessible  to 
members  of  local  archaeological  societies 
I  quite  agree  with  MR.  CRAWFORD  that  such 
lists  should  be  printed  in  the  Journals  of 
these  societies. 

J.  HAUTENVILLE  COPE, 
Editor  Proceedings  Hampshire  Field  Club. 

BOTTLE-SLIDER  (12  S.  vii.  471,  516;  viii. 
37,  53). — A  somewhat  similar  contrivance  to 
that  noted  by  MR.  BRADBURY  existed  in  the 
old  Combination  Room  at  Trinity  Hall, 
Cambridge,  but  if  I  remember  rightly  the 
coasters  were  leathern  and  the  table  semi- 
circular in  front  of  the  fireplace.  I  have 
frequently  admired  the  coasters  (and  the  port) 
in  undergraduate  days  when  invited  by  Mr. 
Henry.  Latham  (the  beloved  "Ben  "  of  all 
Hall  men)  to  "go  up  after  hall."  Alas!  the 
coasters  must  be  nearly  fifty  years  older. 
ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 

Aldeburgh. 

We  had  at  the  Royal  Artillery  Mess, 
Woolwich,  small  wagons  of  silver  on  wheels, 
each  to  take  two  bottles  round  the  table 
after  mess  when  the  cloth  was  removed. 
This  was  forty  years  ago,  but  probably  they 
are  still  in  use.  B.  C. 

My  grandmother  had  silver  coasters,  date, 
Queen  Anne.  Inherited  by  me  are  some 
silver-rimmed  ones,  the  coaster  itself  being 
made  of  light-coloured  polished  wood,  date, 
early  1700.  Also  I  have  some  in  papier 
mache  (?)  coloured  red  and  polished. 

E.  C.  WIENHOLT. 

7  Shooters  Hill  Road,  Blackheath,  S.E.3. 

EDUCATION  OF  THE  FIRST  DUKE  OF 
MARLBOROUGH  (12  S.  viii.  50).  —  I  have 
before  me  a  copy  of  the  '  Memoirs  of  the 
Duke  of  Marlboro  ugh  '  by  William  Coxe,  in 
a  new  edition  by  John  'Wade,  and  dated 
1847.  In  chap.  i.  it  is  stated : — 

"  Of  the  education  of  a  person  afterwards  so 
illustrious,  we  only  know  that  he  was  brought  up 
under  the  care  of  his  father,  who  was  himself  a  man 
of  letters,  and  author  of  a  political  history  of 
England,  entitled  «  Divi  Britannici.'  He  was  'also 
instructed  in  the  rudiments  of  knowledge  by  a 
neighbouring  clergyman  of  great  learning  and  piety. 

Soon  after  the  Restoration,  when  his  father  was 

established  at  court,  we  find  him  in  the  metropolis, 
and  placed  in  the  school  ot  St.  Paul's.  He  did  not. 
however,  remain  a  sum' cent  time  to  reap  the 
advantages  afforded  by  this  foundation,  for  he  was 
removed  to  the  theatre  ot  active  life,  at  a  i  period 
when  the  ordinary  course  of  liberal  education  is 
scarcely  more  than  half  completed." 


Thrc.ugh  the  interest  of  his  father,  Sir 
Winston  Churchill,  he  was  appointed  page- 
of-honour  to  the  Duke  of  York,  and  at  an 
early  age  he  manifested  a  decided  inclination 
or  the  profession,  of  arms,  which  did  not 
escape  the  notice  of  the  Duke,  for  he 
received  a  Commission  at  the  age  of  sixteen.. 

This  being  so,  it  would  appear  that  he  did 
not  go,  as  suggested,  to  a  school  in  France. 
LEES  KNOWLES,  Bt. 

Westwood,  Pendlebury. 

In  a  Life  of  John,  Duke  of  Marlborough,. 
'sold  by  John  Baker  in  Pater  Noster  Rowr. 
1713,"    which    I    happen    to     possess,    the 
anonymous   biographer  writes  : — 

"No  care  was  omitted  on  the  part  of  his  tender 
jarents  for  a  liberal  and  gentle  education,  for  he 

was  no  sooner  out  of  the  hands  of  the  women  but 
le  was  given  into  those  of  a  sequestered  clergyman, 

who  made  it  his  first  concern  to  instil  sound  prin- 
iplesof  religion  into  him,  that  the  seeds  of  humane 
Literature  might  take  the  deeper  root,  &c." 

Lord  Wolseley,  in  his  Life  of  the  Dukey. 
earmarks  this  divine  as  the  Rev.  R.  Farrant, 
Rector  of  Musbury  Parish,  who  tutored 
young  Churchill  for  ten  or  twelve  years. 
When  his  father  went  to  Ireland  in  1662 
young  John  attended  the  Dublin  City  Free 
School,  of  which  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  Hill, 
Fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  was 
Master.  He  was,  however,  only  there  about 
a  year,  for  his  father  returned  to  London  in 
1663,  and  John  was  sent  to  St.  Paul's  School, 
of  which  Samuel  Cromleholme  was  at  that 
time  head  master.  He  remained  there  till 
1665,  when  the  school  was  closed  owing  to 
the  Plague,  and  with  it  young  Churchill's 
education  appears  to  have  terminated. 
I  can  find  no  allusion  in  am^  of  the  "his- 
tories "  to  his  having  been  educated  in 
France.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

It  is  stated  in  Gardiner's  '  Admission, 
Registers  of  St.  Paul's  School,'  p.  53,  that 
John  Churchill  was  a  scholar  of  St.  Paul's 
under  Samuel  Cromleholme,  who  was  high 
master,  1657-72,  and  that  he  left  "to  enter 
the  household  of  James,  Duke  of  York,  in 
1665."  G.  F.  R.  B. 

Thackeray  reminds  us  cf  Marlborough's 
chief  place  of  education  by  saying  that  Lord 
Castlewood  and  Churchill  "had  been  con- 
discipuli  at  St.  Paul's  School  "  ('Esmond/ 
bk.  i.  ch.  2).  The  Rev.  R.  B.  Gardiner  in 
his  '  Admission  Registers  of  St.  Paul's 
School  '  is  only  able  to  say  that  Churchill 
left  the  school  in  1665  to  enter  the  Duke  of 


12  S.  VIII.  JAN,  29,  1921.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


97 


York's   household.     As   to    his   earlier   boy- 
liood  Archdeacon  Coxe  tells  us  that : — 

"  He  was  brought  up  under  the  care  of  his  father 
....  He  wis  also  instructed  in  the  rudiments  of 
knowledge  by  a  neighbouring  clergyman  of  great 
learning  and  piety." 

EDWABD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

POOR  RELIEF  BADGE  (12  S.  viii.  48). — 
The  following  appears  in  :>ne  of  tie  Church- 
wardens' Account  Books  at  Aldeburgh, 
Monday,  Feb.  23,  1773  :— 

" do  agree  to  fix  the  penalty  upon  the  Overseers 

of  this  Parish  if  they  relieve  any  poor  person  be- 
longing to  this  parish  without  they  constantly  wear 
a  Badge  on  the  Right  Arm  marked  Red  Cloth  with 
two  large  Black  Letters  PA  without  side  of  their 
•Garments  so  that  it  may  plainly  appear  such  persons 
receive  Alms  from  this  Parish  And  that  the  Over- 
seers at  onee  get  Cloth  for  that  purpose." 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 
Aldeburgh. 

BOOK  or  COMMON  PRAYER  (12  S.  viii.  49). 
— Wijat  your  inquirer  needs  will  probably 
be  found  in  the  issues  of  the  Parker  Society, 
1847-55.  This  private  Society  was  rather 
short-lived  and  long  ago  disbanded.  Though 
its  publications,  all  in  funereal  black  cloth, 
have  long  been  out  of  print,  they  may  often 
be  met  with  cheaply  in  the  antiquarian 
bookshops.  The  three  most  likely  volumes 
are  : — 

'  Liturgies.  Primer,  and  Catechism  set  forth  in 
the  reign  of  King  Edward  VI.. ..1844.'  8vo. 

1  Liturgies  and  Occasional  Forms  of  Prayer  set 
forth  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Edited  by 
Wra.  Keatinge  Clay.  1847.'  8vo. 

'  Private  Prayers  put  forth  by  authority  in  the 
reign  of  Q.  Elizabeth  ' ;  the  *  Primer  '  of  1559  ;  the 
'  Orarium  '  of  1560  ;  the  '  Preces  privates  '  of  1564  ; 
the  'Book  of  Christian  Prayers  of  1578.  With  an 
appendix  containing  the  Litany  of  1544.  Edited 
byW.K.  Clay.  18-')l.'  8ro. 

Full  detailed  list  of  Parker  Society  issues 
may  be  seen  in  Lowndes'  'Bibliographer's 
Manual,'  vol.  xi.,  pp.  55—58. 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

Memorial  Library,  Stratford-on-Avon: 

"  Three  Primers  put  forth  in  the  Reign  of 
Henry  VIII."  will  meet  MR.  HAMILTON'S 
requirement,  as  regards  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer.  They  were  published  in  one  volume 
at  th>  Oxford  University  Press  in  1834, 
and  would  perhaps  be  easily  met  with  second- 
hand or  be  found  for  consultation  in  a 
public  library  or  on  clerical  shelves. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 


MR.  EVERARD  HAMILTON  will  no  doubt 
find  what  he  requires  in  the  following 
works  : — 

'Prymer  a  Prayer  Book  of  Lay  People  in  the 
Middle  Ages.'  Ed.  H.  Littlehales.  Longmans. 
1891-92. 

Old  Service  Books  of  the  English  Church.'  By 
the  Rev.  Christopher  Wordsworth  and  H.  Little- 
hales.  Methuen.  1904. 

'Church  Services  and  Service-Books  before  the 
Reformation.'  By  the  late  Dr.  B.  Swete,  S.P.C.K. 
1907. 

J.  CLARE  HUDSON. 

Woodhall  Spa. 

"To  OUTRUN  THE  CONSTABLE"  (12  S. 
viii.  29,  58). — This  appears  as  far  back  as 
Butler's  'Hudibras,'  i.  3,  1368,  published  in 
1663,  but  there  having  the  meaning  of 
talking  about  things  about  which  one  knows 
nothing.  In  a  foot-note  reference  is  made 
(in  my  copy,  1801)  to  Ray's  'Proverbs,1 
2nd  ed.,  p.  326.  W.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

YEW-TREES  IN  CHURCHYARDS  (12  S. 
viii.  50). — The  statute  referred  to  by 
G.  B.  .M.  which  required  yew-trees  tc  be 
planted  in  churchyards  for  the  supply  cf 
bows  is  doubtless  that  passed  in  the  reign 
of  Richard  III.,  in  1483,  which  according  to 
Stow  ordained  a  general  planting  of  yew 
trees  for  the  use  of  archers.  Later  on  in 
the  time  of  Elizabeth  it  was  enacted  that 
they  should  be  planted  in  churchyards  in 
order  to  preserve  and  protect  them  from 
injury,  and  also  to  keep  them  out  of  the 
way  of  horses  and  cattle,  in  consequence  of 
the  poisonous  property  of  the  leaves.  But 
there  were  other  reasons  assigned  for  the 
situation  selected.  One  was  the  protection 
of  the  church  from  damage  by  storms ;  a 
poor  reason  if  we  consider  the  slowness  of 
growth  and  the  horizontal  direction  of  the 
branches,  both  of  which,  as  pointed  out  by 
a  writer  in  The  Gentleman's  Maqazine 
(1786,  p.  941)  :— 

"prevent  its  rising  high  enough,  even  in  a  century, 
to  shelter  from  storms  a  building  of  moderate 
height." 

Moreover,  as  seldom  more  than  cne  or 
two  yews  of  any  size  are  to  be  seen  in  a 
churchyard,  the  amount  of  protection  they 
can  afford  in  time  of  storms  must  depend 
upon  whether  they  happen  to  be  standing 
to  windward  or  not. 

Evelyn  in  his  well-known  '  Sylva,'  says  : — 

"The  best  reason  that  can  be  given  why  the  yew 

was  planted  in  churchyards  is  that  branches  of  it 

were  often  carried  in  procession  on  Palm  Sunday 

instead  of  palms." 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vin.  JAN.  29, 1921, 


This  view  is  justified  by  the  words  of  a  much 
earlier  authority,  namely  Caxton. 

In  his  'Liber  Festivalis,'  1483 — oddly 
enough  the  date  of  the  statute  of  Richard  III. 
above  mentioned — wherein  the  festivals  of 
the  Church  are  explained  in  four  sermons, 
it  is  said  with  reference  to  Palm  Sunday  : — 

"We  take  ewe  (-sic)  instead  of  palm  and  olyve, 
and  beren  about  in  processyon,  and  soe  is  thys  day 
called  Palm  Sunday." 

The  last  statute  respecting  the  use  of 
yew  for  bows  is  13  Eliz.  cap.  14  which  directs 
that  bow-staves  shall  be  imported  into 
England  from  the  Continent,  and  fixes  the 
price  to  be  paid  for  them  ;  e.g.,  bows  meet 
for  men's  shooting,  being  outlandish  yew  of 
the  best  sort  not  over  the  price  of  6s.  8d.  ; 
of  the  second  sort  3s.  4d.  :  of  a  coarser  sort 
called  livery  bows  2s.  ;  and  bows  being 
English  yew,  2s. 

In  1595  an  Order  in  Council  dated  Oct.  2, 
directed  that  the  bows  of  the  train  bands 
be  exchanged  for  calivers  and  muskets.  It 
is  believed  that  the  last  active  service  of 
the  war-bow  was  in  the  conflict  between 
Charles  II.  and  his  Scottish  subjects,  bow- 
men forming  part  of  the  forces  commanded 
by  Montrose. 

G.  B.  M.  should  refer  to  '  The  Yew-trees 
of  Great  Britain,'  by  the  late  Dr.  John 
Lowe  (Macmillan,  1897)  in  which  he  will 
find  much  to  his  purpose. 

J.  E.  HARTING. 

G.  B.  M.  should  consult  the  elaborate 
chapter  on  all  this  in  Johnson's  'Byways 
in  British  Archaeology.'  Reference  is  made 
to  an  order  of  1483  for  the  general  planta- 
tion of  yews  and  another  in  Elizabeth's 
reign  for  plantation  in  churchyards,  but  the 
author  had  found  no  such  statutes  or 
authority.  He  considers  the  yew  an  ancient 
sacred  emblem  which  in  later  times  helped 
to  supply  the  village  quota  of  bow-staves. 

R.  S.  B. 

Lowe  in  '  The  Yew-trees  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,'  1897,  devotes  a  chapter  to  the 
why  and  \vherefore  of  planting  yew  trees  in 
churchyards,  and  quotes  from  Giraldus 
Cambrensis  (1184)  and  dozens  of  other 
authorities.  Various  statutes  are  exhaus- 
tively given  in  Hazlitt's  'Dictionary  of 
Faiths  and  Folklore,'  vol.  ii.,  which  were 
enacted  for  various  purposes  incidental  to 
the  subject.  The  consensus  of  opinion  seems 
to  be  that  originally  these  trees  were  planted 
in  churchyards  as  an  emblem  of  the  resur- 
rection owing  to  their  perpetual  verdure, 


but  a  glance  at  the  books  mentioned  abover 
and  to  the  Indexes  of  *  N.  &  Q. '  will  supply 
your  correspondent  with  more  than  sufficient 
material  to  keep  him  guessing  for  some 
considerable  time.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

There  is  a  popular  belief  that  such  a 
statute  as  that  mentioned  was  passed,  but 
I  have  never  heard  where  it  may  be  found.. 

(1)  It  seems  unlikely  that  bows  should  be 
in  great  request  as  late  as  1474  when  gun- 
powder   was    displacing    the    old    artillery.. 

(2)  Moreover,   the  yew  tree   seems   a  most 
unsuitable  tree  for  the  purpose  of  making 
bows.     (3)   And  as   G.    B.   M.    hints  in  his 
query,   it   is   strange   that   trees   should   be 
grown  for  that  purpose  in  churchyards. 

In  1549  Tyndale's  '  Prologues  '  to  the 
Pentateuch  were  inserted  in  Matthew's- 
Bible,  and  before  Exodus  notes  were  printed 
on  certain  terms  found  in  the  text.  Among 
others  is  the  definition  of  a  "  Boothe  " 
"  an  house  made  of  bowes  "  (Dore's  '  Old 
Bibles,'  p.  119).  It  is  more  likely  that  yew 
trees  were  grown  in  churchyards  to  provide 
the  congregations  with  "  bowes  "  to  carry 
in  the  processions  on  Palm  Sunday. 

W.  F.  JOHN  TIMBRELL.   . 

Coddington  Rectory,  Chester. 

STATUES  AND  MEMORIALS  IN  THE  BRITISH 
ISLES  (12  S.  viii.  25).— St.  Paul's  Cathedral — 
in  front  of  steps,  inscription  : — 

Here  Queen  Victoria  |  returned  thanks  to  |  Al- 
mighty God  for  the  |  sixtieth  anniversary  j  of  her 
accession  |  June  22,  A.D.  1897. 

When  this  was  first  cut  on  the  stone 
pavement  the  inscription  ran  "sixtieth 
anniversary  of  her  reign  !  "  I  remember 
standing  over  it  and  reading  with  amaze- 
ment. The  alteration  was  of  course  quickly 
made.  TJ.  L. 

LIGHT  AND  DARK  "  A  "  HEADPIECE  (12  S. 
viii.  52). — The  light  and  dark  "A  "  shewn 
in  headpieces  of  books  of  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  century  plainly  refer  to  the 
cypher  mentioned  in  '  Cryptographiae  ' 
(Gustavus  Selenus,  1624),  p.  17.  They 
ndicate  a  method  of  secret  writing  in  which 
some  letters  of  the  secret  message  are 
jhanged,  but  not  all,  and  in  which  each 
etter  may  be  itself  or  its  twin,  i.e.,  may  be 
ight  (obvious)  or  dark  (secret).  This 
nethod  is  suggested  also  in  Du  Bartas' 
'Divine  Weekes  and  Workes,'  1613,  where  a 
double  circle  (double  O  or  cypher)  is  shewn 
with  letters  round  it,  part  light,  part  dark 
Shakespeare's  Sonnets  are  dedicated  to 
"M.  B.  W.  H.,"  and  that  arrangement  to 


128.  VIII.  JAN.  29,  1921.]       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


99 


the  double  alphabet  in  which  M  may  be  M 
or  R,  while  W  may  be  W  or  H,  will  be  found 
to   yield  very  interesting  results.     If  your 
questioner  desires  to  know  more  about  the 
light  and  dark  "A  "  he  is  recommended  to 
study  Baptiste  Porta's  *  De  Furtivis  Liter- 
arum'  (1602),  and  the  *  Cryptographiae  '  of 
,  Gustavus    Selenus    (1624).         E.  NESBIT. 
Well  Hall,  Eltham,  S.E.9. 


"  (12  S.  viii.  50).—  Should  not 
this  word  be  "colter  "  ?  A  couter  is  a 
common  slang  word  for  a  sovereign,  being 
derived,  according  to  the  *  Slang  Dictionary  ' 
(John  Caraden  Hotten,  London,  1869)  from 
the  Danubian  Gipsy  word  cuta,  a  gold  coin. 
Illustrations  of  its  use  are  -given  in  the 
'N.E.D.,'  which  quotes  the  'Slang  Dic- 
tionary '  for  its  origin.  T.  F.  D. 

PRINCE  CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART'S 
SWORDS  (12  S.  viii.  27).  —  The  inscription  on 
the  second  of  the  two  swords  mentioned  at 
this  reference  would  appear  not  to  have  been 
placed  thereon  by  the  order  of  Prince  Charles 
even  11  the  sword  were  presented  by  him. 
Not  to  speak  of  other  serious  difficulties, 
there  was  no  such  thing  as  "the  Throne  of 
Great  Britain  "  from  the  Jacobite  point  of 
view.  The  Act  of  Union  was  regarded  as  a 
mere  nullity,  like  all  post-Revolution  legisla- 
tion, for  want  of  the  assent  of  a  lawful  king. 

F.  W.  READ. 

FRENCH  PRISONERS  OF  WAR  (12  S. 
vii.  469,517;  viii.  38).  —  Your  correspondent 
will  find  much  to  interest  him  in  'The 
Depot  for  Prisoners  of  War  at  Norman  Cross, 
Huntingdonshire,  1796  to  1816,'  by  T.  J. 
Walker,  M.D.  (of  Peterborough),  Constable 
&  Co.,  1913. 

W.  H.  WHITEAR,  F.R.Hist.S. 

SCOTT  OF  ESSEX  (7  S.  vi.  194  ;  12  S. 
viii.  11).—  The  late  Mr.  Golding's  MSS.  are, 
I  believe,  in  the  possession  of  the  Essex 
Archaeological  Society  at  their  Museum, 
Colchester  Castle. 

WILLIAM  GILBERT.  F.R.N.S. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED.  — 
(12  S.  viii,  12.) 

2.  The  Observer  on  January  31,  1915,  published  a 
letter  signed  "Alice  Cobbett,"  and  dated  from 
Uckfield,  Sussex,  from  which  I  append  an  extract  : 

"Last  November  the  New  York  Herald  pub- 
lished some  verses  of  mine,  in  which  I  emphasised 
the  *  Call  of  the  Blood.'  I  have  received  in  answer 
the  enclosed  verses  from  California.  J  have  no 
knowledge  whatever  of  the  writer." 


FROM  AMERICA. 

Oh,  England,  a,t  the  smoking  trenches  dying 

For  all  the  world, 

We  hold  our  breath,  and  watch  your  bright  flag:, 
flying 

While  ours  is  furled. 

We  who  are  neutral  (yet  each  lip  with  fervour 

The  word  abjures), 
Oh,  England,  never  name  us  the  time-server  j 

Our  hearts  are  yours  ! 

We  that  so  glory  in  your  high  decision, 

So  trust  your  goal — 
All  Europe  in  our  blood,  but  yours  our  vision, 

Our  speech,  our  soul. 

J.  R.  H. 


0tt 


Udimore  :     Past    and    Present.     By    Leonard    J.- 
Hodson.     (Robertsb  ridge,  Sussex,  5s.  post  free.); 

THIS  pleasant  little  book  deals  with  a  small  East 
Sussex  parish  consisting  of  2,884  acres,  with 
5  acres  of  water,  having  a  population  at  the  last 
census  of  no  more  than  416  souls.  It  lies  on  a 
ridge  between  two  valleys  north  and  south  on 
the  western  side  of  Rye  ;  and  in  the  jearliest 
extant  record  of  it  —  an  entry  in  Domesday  Book 
—  appears,  as  the  holding  of  one  Reinbert,  under 
the  name  of  Dodimere.  The  families  with  which 
it  was  most  notably  associated  in  the  Middle 
Ages  are  the  Echinghams  and  the  Elringtons. 
In  the  sixteenth  century  it  passed  to  the  Windsors, 
who  were  followed  by  the  Bromfeilds,  as  these 
by  the  Comptons  with  whom  it  remained  till" 
1843,  when  it  was  sold  to  Thomas  Cooper  Lang- 
ford. 

The  name,  which  cannot  be  explained  with, 
absolute  certainty,  and  the  church  are  the  subject 
of  a  legend,  of  a  well-known  type.  The  site 
first  chosen  for  the  church  was  not  acceptable,  it 
seems,  to  Heaven.  Work  done  by  day  disappeared 
during  the  night,  till  the  watching  parishioners 
beheld  a  company  of  angels  taking  up  the  materials 
and  conveying  them  across  the  water,  chanting  the 
while  "  Over  the  mere  !  Over  the  mere  !  "  The 
church  built  in  legendary  days  has  been  replaced 
by  an  early  English  structure  —  small,  bare,  and 
plain,  thought  to  be  the  work  of  a  builder  who 
made  other  churches  in  West  Sussex.  It  has  ; 
undergone  divers  vicissitudes  in  the  way  of  decay,  . 
of  lamentable  alteration  and  restoration  and, 
again,  of  restoration  both  careful  and  affectionate.- 
It  seems  to  have  lost  a  south  aisle,  of  which  no 
trace  remains  —  and  has  a  curious  feature  in  two 
doors  side  by  side  both  now  walled  up.  The 
interior  has  some  interesting  detail  in  the  way 
of  carving,  but  is  in  general,  except  for  modern 
colouring,  plain.  Traces  of  ancient  colour  decora- 
tion have  been  discovered.  Mr.  Hodson  goes- 
thoroughly  into  every  detail  of  it.  The  monu- 
mental inscriptions  are  both  more  numerous  and 
more  interesting  than  such  often  are  in  a  church 
of  this  character. 

Our  author  gives  a  chapter  to  the  history  of 
the  advowson  and  a  list  of  the  Incumbents  — 
who  for  most  of  the  time  are  styled  "  Vicars," 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  vm.  JAN.  29, 1921. 


t>ut  for  a  few  decades  subsequent  to  1792,  are 
•described  as  "  Perpetual  Curates."  From. 
Nicholas  Chauntler  (1600-1601)  onwards  most  of 
the  names  have  some  notice  attached  to  them. 

In  1676,  the  year  of  Archbishop  Sheldon's 
religious  census,  a  single  Non-conformist  was 
mentioned  in  the  return  for  Udimore.  Early  in 
the  nineteenth  century  Methodism  gained  a 
footing  there,  and  flourished — to  the  extent  of 
erecting  a  chapel,  though  not  maintaining  a  resi- 
dent minister.  The  chapter  on  '  Parish  Records  ' 
gives  us  several  good  things  in  the  way  of  detail 
as  well  as  some  interesting  particulars  regarding 
management  under  the  old  Poor  Law,  and  the 
upkeep  of  the  parish  workhouse.  Under  '  Mis- 
cellanea '  is  collected  a  number  of  interesting  odd 
notes  ;  and  under  the  heading  '  Ancient  Homes 
.and  Families  '  we  are  given  a  good  account  of  the 
principal  houses  of  parish — forming  one  of  the 
best  of  these  chapters. 

Those  who  possess  Mr.  Hodson's  '  History  of 
."Salehurst '  will  find  his  '  Udimore  '  no  less  useful 
.  and  entertaining  than  the  former  work. 

The  Adventures  of   Ulysses.     By  Charles   Lamb. 

Edited    by    Ernest    A.    Gardner.     (Cambridge 

University  Press.     4s.  net.) 

THIS  is  a  delightful  edition  of  a  delightful  little 
work.  The  short  Introduction  says  what  is 
necesary  to  make  new-comers  to  the  Odyssey  at 
home  in  it :  inevitably  negligible  by  most  readers. 
But  every  one  may  be  glad  to  have  the  sketch 
map  and  traditional  itinerary  of  Ulysses :  as 
also  the  illustrations  and,  again,  the  excellent 
notes,  which,  though  calculated  in  the  first  in- 
stance, for  children,  are  so  pleasantly  written 
and  contain  so  many  details  which  might  not 
have  been  recalled  by  the  reader,  that  even  for  an 
old  lover  of  the  Odyssey  and  of  Lamb  they 
contribute  some  additional  enjoyment.  Perhaps 
a  word  or  two  as  to  Greek  vases  in  general  would 
not  have  been  amiss. 

A    Saunter   through   Kent   with   Pen   and   Pencil. 

By    Charles    Igglesden.     (The    Kentish    Press, 

Ashford,  Kent.     3s.  6d.) 

IN  this  volume — the  fourteenth  of  the  series — 
Mr.  Igglesden  conveys  his  readers  through  five 
parishes — to  wit,  Westwell,  Hothfield,  Bearsted, 
Thurnham  and  Kingsnorth.  His  method — which 
admits  a  good  deal  of  description  of  landscape 
and  thereby  the  pleasant  creation  of  a  varied 
picture  in  the  mind's  eye — displays  itself  here  to 
much  advantage.  In  fact  the  verbal  descriptions 
are  far  better,  as  illustrations,  than  the  drawings 
which  lack  the  qualities  necessary  for  successful 
reproduction. 

At  Westwell  is  Ripley  Court  in  the  garden 
whereof  Mr.  Igglesden  maintains  that  Jack  Cade 
was  killed.  Here,  too,  is  a  well-known  beacon, 
which  gives  occasion  for  the  insertion  of  an 
interesting  '  Carde,  of  the  Beacons,  in  Kent,' 
about  which  we  should  have  liked  further  in- 
formation. 

The  churches  of  all  the  parishes  have  been 
carefully  studied  and  neatly  described.  Yet 
more  valuable  are  perhaps  the  accounts  of  houses, 
quotations  from  old  records,  gossip  concerning 
legends,  family  histories,  and  miscellaneous  notes 
of  which  good  abundance  has  been  collected. 


THE  January  Quarterly  deals  chiefly  with 
political  and  social  questions.  The  three  papers 
which  depart  from  that  field  are,  however,  good 
enough  to  send  a  man  of  letters  or  of  art  to  the 
review  for  their  sake  alone.  First  of  these  is 
\Ir.  Cloriston's  rendering  of  Leopardi's  '  Ginestra.' 
So  far  as  any  rendering  of  it  can  be  satisfactory 
bhis  may  be  esteemed  so.  We  quote  a  short 
passage  as  example  : — 
There  [i.e.  at  Pompeii],  in  the  dread,  uncertain 

hour  of  night, 

Through  empty  theatres,  disfigured  shrines, 
And  houses  rent  in  twain, 
Where  the  bat  hides  her  brood, 
Like  a  funereal  torch 

Through  silent  palaces  that  flickering  goes 
Wanders  the  ominous  lava's  mournful  gleam 
And,  reddening  in  the  darkness  from  afar 
Tints  dimly  all  around. 

Dr.  Hagberg  Wright,  in  showing  that  Russian 
literature  has  for  its  meaning  and  intention  the 
proclamation  of  the  country's  wrongs  and 
sufferings,  and  the  cry  for  freedom  and  justice, 
does  not,  indeed,  present  us  with  a  new  conception 
of  that  literature,  but  he  fills  out,  justifies  and 
illustrates  the  conception  in  a  manner  which 
will  make  his  paper  welcome  to  all  students  of 
Russia.  Mr.  Laurence  Binyon,  taking  occasion 
by  the  Walpole  Society's  Publications,  contributes 
a  detailed  and  most  interesting  and  instructive 
criticism  of  English  art — showing  how  much 
stronger  and  more  estimable  is  our  tradition  in 
painting  than  we  are  apt  to  suppose  it  to  be, 
in  spite,  of  the  ill-fortune  which  in  great  measure 
broke  it  up  at  a  time  when  the  traditions  in  art 
on  the  continent  were  at  their  highest  point  of 
glory.  The  notes  on  E wo rth,Hilliard  and  Cooper, 
are  especially  stimulating,  as  are  also  the  remarks 
on  the  influence  of  English  painting  abroad  during 
the  Middle  Ages. 


tn 

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101 


LOS  DON,  FEBRUARY  '>,  1S2J. 

CONTENTS.— No.  147. 

NOTES :  —  Gray's  Eton  Exercise  and  Pope,  101  —  London 
Coaching  and  Carriers  Inns  in  1732, 102— Gaimar's Patron : 
•'  Ran!  le  FIB  Gilehert.."  104— Errors  in  Carlyle's  •  French 
Revolution,'  105— The  Pancake  Bell— The  Knowle  Hotel, 
Sidmouth— Note  .to  Wordsworth's  '  Prelude,'  Bk.  v.  26— 
Joseph  Hatton— The  Site  of  the  Boston  Tea  Party,  106— 
The  School  of  Samuel  Butler,  107. 

QUERIES :  —  Vanessa,  107— Thomas  Chatterton  —Suther- 
land of  Ackergill-  Jack's  Coffee  House,  108— '  Wash  ' 
('  Wassh  ')  Blacksmith's  Tool  —  Cripplegate  :  Drawings 
Wanted— Charles  Hollingbery— '•  Auster"  land  ten 


Lamb  in  Russell  Street — Colonel  Owen  Rowe— Major- 
General  the  Hon.  William  Herbert,  109—  Cowper: 
Pronunciation  of  Name  — St.  Andrew's,  Scotland:  Pre- 
Reformation  Seal  —  "The  Ashes"  —  The  Honourable 
Mr.  —  Cardinal  da  Rohan  Chabot  —  Wat  Tyler,  110— Old 
.Song  Wanted  —  Rodger  Mompesson  — The  Packership  of 
London,  111. 

REPLIES  :— Representative  County  Libraries,  Public  and 
Private,  111— So.  Thomas's  Day  Custom,  112— Dr.  Wells  : 
Paper  on  •  The  Dew  and  Single  Vision  ' — The  Green  Man, 
Ashnourne,  113  -Chatterton's  Apprenticeship  to  Lambert 
—  Portrait  of  Lord  Monteagle  —  Loretto  —  Countess 
Macnamara— "  Over  against,  Catherine  Street  in  the 
Strand,"  114— St.  Leonard's  Priory— Armorial  Bearings 
upon  Tombs — Hamiltons  at,  Holyrood — Frankincense — 
Among  the  Shakespeare  Archives,  115— London  Coaching 
and  Carriers' Inns  in  1732— Lady  Anne  Graham— New 
Style— Voucher  =  Rail  way  Ticket— Grey  in  sense  of 
Brown— Christmas  Pudding  and  Mince  Pie,  116— Stone- 
henge— "To  Outrun  the  Constable  "—The  Tragedy  of 
New  England— Wideawake  Hats— Emerson's  'English 
TraitV  117— Daniel  Defoe  in  the  Pillory— Authors  of 
Quotations  Wanted— Tercentenary  Handlist  of  News- 
papers, 118. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Burford  Records:  a  Study 
in  Minor  Town  Government.' 

Revised  Edition  of  Liddell  and  Scott's  Greek  English 
Lexicon. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


GRAY'S   ETON   EXERCISE 
AND   POPE. 

THIS  note  is  intended  to  catch  the  eye  of 
«ome  future  editor  or  biographer  of  the 
poet  Gray.  As  far  as  the  writer  is  aware, 
the  close  connexion  in  thought  and  language 
between  Gray's  Latin  Poem,  designated 
*  Play- exercise  at  Eton,'  and  the  First 
Epistle  of  Pope's  '  Essay  on  Man  '  has  never 
been  noticed,  or  at  least  is  nowhere  set 
forth.  But  it  is  of  interest  because  it  shows 
that  Gray  read  the  Essay,  or  the  first  part 
of  it,  at  Eton,  and  that  he  based  his  "  play- 
•exercise  "  almost  entirely  on  it.  Gray  went 
to  Eton  in  1727,  and  entered  Peterhouse  in 
July  1734.  The  first  part  of  the  "Essay  " 
Tvas  published  in  1733,  anonymously,  and  in 
1734  Pope  avowed  himself  its  author. 
Gray  therefore,  if  he  read  it  at  Eton,  must 
have  come  across  it  soon  after  publication. 


His  Latin  poem  written  to  the  motto  : — 

quern  te  Deus  esse 

Jussit,  et  humana  qi\a  parte  locatus  es  in  re 
Disce, 

consists  of  some  75  hexameter  lines.  How 
close  the  imitation  is  the  following  passages 
will  show  : — 

Ask  for  what  end  the  heavenly  bodies  shine, 
Earth  for  what  use  ?      Pride  answers  "  'Tis  for 

mine  : 

For  me  kind  nature  wakes  her  genial  pow'r, 
Suckles  each  herb,  and  spreads  out  every  flow'r  ; 
Annual  for  me,  the  grape,  the  rose  renew 
The  juice  nectareous  and  the  balmy  dew  ; 
For  me,  the  mine  a  thousand  treasures  brings  ; 
For  me,  health  gushes  from  a  thousand  springs  ; 
Seas  roll  to  waft  me,  suns  to  light  me  rise ; 
My  footstool  earth,  my  canopy  the  skies." 

Gray's  equivalent  is  pretty  close  : — 

Et  quodcunque  videt,  proprios  assumit  in  usus. 
Me  propter  jam  vere  expergefacta   virescit 
Natura  in  flores,  herbisque  illudit,  amatque 
Pingere  telluris  gremium,  mihi  vinea  fetu 
Purpureo  turget,  dulcique  rubescit  honore  ; 
Me  rosa,  me  propter  liquidos  exhalat  odores  ; 
Luna    mihi    pallet,    mihi     Olympum    Phoebus 

inaurat, 
Sidera  mi  lucent,  volvunturque  aequora  ponti. 

Incidentally  these  lines,  like  others  later, 
show  Gray's  acquaintance  with  Lucretius. 
Let  us  proceed  with  Pope  : — 

What  would  this  Man  ?      Now  upward  would  he 

soar, 

And  little  less  than  angel,  would  be  more  ; 
Now  looking  downward  just  as  grieved  appears 
To  want  the  strength  of  bulls,  the  fur  of  bears. 
Gray  has  : — 

Plurimus  (hie  error  demensque  libido  lacessit) 
In  superos  coelumque  ruit,  sedesque  relinquit, 
Quas  Natura  dedit  proprias,  jussitque  tueri. 
Humani  sortem  generis  pars  altera  luget, 
Invidet  armento  et  campi  se  vindicat  herbam. 
"  Oh  quis  me  in  pecoris  felicia  transferat  arva." 
continues   his  Man,   who   after   adopting   a 
whole    line    straight    from    Lucretius,    asks 
why  he  has  not  a  lynx's  eye  : — 

"  Cur  mihi  non  lyncisve  oculi,  vel  odora  canum 

vis 

Additur,  aut   gressus  cursu  glomerare  potestas  ? 
Aspice  ubi  tenues  dum  texit  aranea  casses, 
Funditur  in  telam  et  late  per  stamina  vivit  ! 
Quid  mihi  non  tactus  eadem  exquisita  facultas 
Taurorumve  tori  solidi,  pennaeque  volucrum." 
This  recalls  : — - 

Why  has  not  man  a  microscopic  eye  ? 
and 

the  lynx's  beam .... 

And  hound  sagacious  on  the  tainted  green .... 
The  spider's  touch,  how  exquisitely  fine  ! 
Feels  at  each  thread  and  lives  along  the  line. 

(Gray  clearly  liked  his  Latin  for  this  last 
line  for  it  occurs  again  in  another  Latin  poem 
of  his  'De  Principiis  cogitandi.')  Then 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12 s.viu.  FEB.  5,1921. 


comes  the  answer,  which  we  will  give  firs 
Ui  Pope's  words  : — 

Say  what  the  use  were  finer  optics  giv'n, 

To  inspect  a  mite,  not  comprehend  the  heav'n 

Or  touch,  if  tremblingly  alive  all  o'er, 

To  smart  or  agonize  at  ev'ry  pore  ? 

Or  quick  effluvia  darting  through  the  brain, 

Die  of  a  rose  in  aromatic  pain  ? 

If  nature  thundered  hi  his  op'ning  ears 

And  stunned  him  with  the  music  of  the  spheres . 

which  Gray  converts  into 

Pertaesos  sortis  doceant  responsa  silere. 
Si  tanto  valeas  contendere  acumine  visus, 
Et  graciles  penetrare  atomos  ;  non  aethera  possi 
Suspicere  aut  late  spatium  comprendere  ponti 
Vis  si  adsit  major  naris  ?  quam,  vane,  doleres 
Extinctus  fragranti  aura,  dulcique  veneno  ! 
Si  tactus,  tremat  hoc  corpus,  solidoque  dolore 
Ardeat  in  membris  nervoque  laboret  in  omni 
Sive  auris,  fragor  exanimet,  cum  rumpitur  igne 
Fulmineo  coelum,  totusque  admurmurat  aether 
Minor   and   more   general   similarities   to 
Pope  may  be  detected  elsewhere  in  Gray's 
Latin  ;   but  these  are  the  obvious  ones. 

C.  W.  BBODBIBB. 


LONDON  COACHING  AND  CARRIERS 
INNS  IN   1732. 

(See  ante,  pp.  61,  84.) 

Peacock  :  Glare  Market. 
Carrier. 

Th.  S. . .     Eisborough. 
W.        . .     Colebrook,  Telsworth. 

Pewter  Platter  :  St.  John  Street 
Coaches. 

Th.       . .     Sudbury.         F.    Brain  tree. 
Carriers. 
W.  S.          Capel.         T.  F.     Silso. 

Pewter  Pot :  Leadenhall  Street. 
Carriers. 

M.  W.  F.     Witham.         T.  Th.     Becking. 
W.        . .      Barnstead,  Stanford.       F.  Braintree. 

Pyed  Bull:  Aldgate  Without. 
Coach. 
Every  day.     Barking. 

Queen's  Head  :   Billingsgate. 
Carriers. 
Th.       . .     Ashford,  Laiigley.     W.  F.  Maidstone. 

Queen's  Head  :  Southwark. 
Carriers. 

M.  W.  S.     Arundel.         T.  Th.    Guildford. 
M.  Th.          Godalmin,    Petersfield.  F.  Pul- 

borough. 
M.         . .     Isle  of  Wight. 

Earn  :  Fenchurch  Street. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Blackheath,  Deptford. 
Carriers. 
Th.       . .     Beardfield  (?),  Finchingfield. 


Earn  :  Smithfield. 

Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.     Leicester,  Nottingham. 

M.         . .      Wolverhampton. 

Th.       . .      Great  Bowden,  Uppingham. 

F.          . .      Wellingborough. 

Carriers. 

M.  Th.        Banbury.         Th.    S.    Coventry. 

M.  . .  Melton  Mowbray,  Nottingham  ,Wal- 
sail,  Wolverhampton. 

Th.  . .  Culworth,  Deddington,  Great  Bow- 
den,  Lutterworth,  Northampton^ 
Stratford-on-Avon,  Uppingham. 

S.          . .      Eugby. 

Eed  Lyon  :  Aldersgate. 
Coaches. 

M.  Th.        Harborough.         T.    Th.    Hatfield. 
T.  F.   ..     Bedford.         Th.  S.  Hurst. 
M.         . .     Grantham,  Hull.         Th.    Warwick. 
Carriers. 
M.         . .      Boston,   Gainsborough,   Homcast  er 

Lincoln,  Loughborough,   Lowth, 

York. 

T.          . .     Harborough. 
Th.       ..     Huntingdon,  Potten,  Southam. 

Eed  Lyon  :  Bishopsgate  Street  Without. 
Carrier. 
F.          . .     Waltham  Abbey. 

Eed  Lyon  :  Eed  Cross  Street. 
Carrier. 
F.         . .     Baldock. 

Eose  :  Holborn  Bridge. 

Carriers. 

M.  Th.        Winchester. 

Th.       . .     Allsford  (?  Alresford),  Marlboroughr 

Pool,  Eumsey.         W.  Bristol. 
Eose  :  Smithfield. 

Coaches. 

M.         ..     Derby.         Th.    Kettering. 

Carriers. 

W.        ..     Kettering.         Th.    Simpton. 

Rose  and  Crown  :  St.  John  Street. 
Carriers. 
W.        ..     Amphil.         Th.    Bedford. 

Saracen's  Head  :  Aldgate. 
Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.     Chigwell,  Hornchurch. 
M.  Th.         Eomford. 

T.  F.    . .     Forwich  (?  Fordwich;,  Harwich. 
Saracen's  Head  :   Bread  Street. 
Coach. 

Th.       . .     Hereford. 
Saracen's  Head  :  Carter  Lane. 
Coaches. 

T.  S.    ..      Longfield. 
W.        ..      Brickhill.         F.  Cirencester. 
Carriers. 

Th.       . .     Layton  Buzzard.         F.    Gloucester- 
Saracen's  Head  :  Friday  Street. 
Coaches. 

Exeter.  Th.  S.  Abingdon. 
Taunton.  W.  Farringdon. 
Bath.  S.  Dorchester. 


M.  W.  F. 

M. 

Th.       .. 

Carriers. 

M.  S.   .. 

W. 

S. 


Plymouth.         M.    Falmouth. 

Wantage. 

Columpton,  Dorchester,  Totnes._ 


12  s.  vm.  FEB.  5, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


Saracen's  Head  :  Snow  Hill. 
Carriers. 
M.         ..      Birmingham,  Broom e,Harslton,  Sax- 

mundham,  Thwaite. 
Th.        . .     Aylesbury. 

F.          . .      Basingstoke,  Brickhill,  Bridgnorth. 
S.          . .      Bewdley,  Coleshill,  Droitwich,  Kid- 
derminster, Stourbridge,  Warwick. 
Grace  church  Street. 


Spread  Eagle 
Coaches. 
Every  day. 
M.  W.  F.  S. 
T.  Th.  S... 

Carriers. 
Th. 


Eltham,  Ewel,  Peckham. 
Bromley. 

Canterbury,  Chelmsford,  Colches- 
ter, Maidstone.        Th.  S.Dover. 


Beccles,    Clare,    Ipswich,  Neadham, 

Saxmundham. 
F.          . .     Colchester,  Hatfield. 

*Spur  :  Fish  Street  Hill. 
Coaches. 
T.  Th.  S.     Dover. 

Spur  :  Southwark. 

Coach. 

Every  day.     Dartford. 

Carriers. 

T.  F.   . .      Sevenoak  [sic],  Sunderidge  [sic], 

T.          ..     Town  Mailing. 

W.        ..     Battle,     Farningham      [sic],     Pen- 
hurst  [sic]. 

Th.       . .     Appledore,  Hastings,  Rumsey,  Bye, 

Tenderten  (sic.) 
Star  :  Fish  Street  Hill. 

Coaches. 

Everyday.     Carshalton. 
Star  :  Strand. 

M.  Th.        Worcester. 
Sugar  Loaf  :   Bishopsgate. 

Coaches. 

Every  day.     Hackney. 
Swan  and  Two  Necks  :  St.  John  Street. 

Coaches. 

Every  day.     Finchley. 

T.  Th.  S.     Hatfield. 

Carriers. 

T.  Th.  S.     Hatfield. 

Th.  S...     Northal(?Northaw).     T. F. Hitching. 

Swan  with  Two  Necks  :  Lad  Lane. 
Carriers. 

M.  F.  . .     Newcastle  (Staffs.).       M.    Lichfield. 
T.          . .      Stone. 
F.          . .     Clithero,    Freston,    Knotsford  [sic], 

Lancaster,      Leek,     Macclesfield , 

Mansfield,  Preston. 

Talbot:  Strand. 
Flying  Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.     Bristol  (summer  only). 
Coaches. 
W.  S.          Guildford. 


Comer. 
Th. 


Ashford. 


Talbot :  Southwark. 

Coaches.  * 

Every  day.     Dulwich. 

Th.       . .      Brighthemstone,  Lewis  [sic]. 

Itham  (?  Ightham;. 
Carriers. 

W.  S.   . .     Mailing. 
Th.        . .      Cranbrook.  Lewis. 


hree  Cups  :  Aldersgate  Street. 
Coaches. 
M.  W.  F.     Barton,    Hull,    Humber    (?  Great 

Grimsby),  Lincoln. 
M.         . .     Boston,  Louth,  Peterborough,  Spal- 

den  [sic]. 

Th.       . .     Huntingdon. 
Carriers. 

M.  W.         Kimbolton,  Ramsey. 
M.         . .      Baldock,  Hull,  St.  Neots. 
Th.       . .      Biggleswade,  Peterborough. 

'hree  Cups  :  Bread  Street. 

Flying  Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.     Bath,  Bristol  (summer  only). 

Coaches. 

M.  Th.        Bath,  Bristol. 

Carriers. 

W.  S.  . .      Bristol,  Fernham. 

S.          . .     Bath. 
;hree  Cups  :  Old  Street. 

Coaches. 

T.  Th.  S.     Dunstable. 

Three  Cups  :  St.  John  Street. 
Coaches. 

M.         . .  Daventry. 

Th.       . .  Rugby. 
Carriers. 

M.  Th.  Daventry. 

F.          . .  Hunslip. 

Three  Nuns  :  Whitechapel. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Woodford. 
T.  Th.  S.     Onger.          W.   F.    Low  Layton. 
Carriers. 

T.  F.    . .     Chipping  Onger,  Epping,  Harlow. 
W.  S.          Romford.         T.    Bishop's  Stortford" 

Two  Swans  :  Bishopsgate  Without. 
Carriers. 

F.  S.    . .     Fulborn  [sic].         T.  Ashdpn. 
F.          . .      Basingbourn.         W.  Cottingham. 
Th.       . .     Ely. 

Vine  :  Bishopsgate  Street. 
Carrier. 
F.         . .     Royston. 

White  Hart:  Southwark. 
Coach. 

F.          . .     Chichester. 
Carriers. 
Th.  F.        Chichester.        Th.    Hayltham  [sic]^ 

White  Hart  and  Three  Tobacco  Pipes  :    White- 
chapel  Bars. 
Carriers. 

T.  Th.  S.     Hornchurch,  Rumford. 
W.        ..      Baddo  [sic]. 

White  Horse  :  Cripplegate. 
Carriers. 
M,.         .  •     An  wick      (?  Alnwick),     Darlingtonr 

Hexham,  Newcastle,  Richmond. 
Th.       . .      Bradford. 
F.         . .     Hallifax    [sic],      Otley,     Tadcaster.- 

Wakefield. 

*White  Horse  :  Fleet  Street. 
Coaches. 

Every  day.     Brentford,  Twickenham,  Windsor. 
M.  Th.        Andover,   Dorchester.        W.  Alden- 
ham. 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  5, 1921. 


"White  Horse  :  Friday  Street. 
Carriers. 
W.        . .      Wellington.         Th.    Abingdon. 

"White  Swan  :  Holborn   Bridge. 

Coaches. 

M.  W.  F.     Southampton. 

Carriers. 

Every  day.  Uxbridge.  M.  W.  Chippingham. 
•T.  Th.  Cain.  W.  S.  Chesham. 

M.         . .      Bristol.         T.    Auburn  [sic]. 

W.  . .  Bath,  Devizes,  Lamborne,  Swinden, 
Wootten  Bassett. 

Th.  . .  Alton,  Asston  [sic],  Chipping  Wai- 
den,  Hungerford,  Ramsbury, 
Wendover. 

F.          . .     Odiam.         S.   Amersham. 

Windmill :  St.  John  Street. 
Carriers. 

Th.  S...      Stevenage.         Th.    F.    Dunstable. 
W.        ..      Obourn.         T.    Stony  Stratford. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTBO. 


GAIMAR'S  PATRON: 
"RAUL  LE  FIZ   GILEBERT." 

IT  is  well-known  to  students  of  Anglo- 
Norman  that  Gaimar's  '  Estoire  des  Engleis  ' 
ends  with  the  death  of  William  Rufus  and 
that  in  the  Royal  MS.  of  that  work  there 
is  appended  to  it  a  long  epilogue  in  which 
are  given  some  particulars  of  the  conditions 
under  which  Gaimar  completed  his  work 
and  of  the  sources  he  used  in  compiling  it. 
Though  found  only  in  a  comparatively  late 
MS.  and  though  not  all  of  its  statements 
appear  to  be  supported  by  the  very  abridged 
version  found  in  the  two  earlier  MSS.  (of 
Durham  and  Lincoln  respectively  ;  that  at 
Herald's  College — the  fourth  and  latest — 
contains  no  trace  of  an  epilogue),  it  has 
generally  been  accepted  as  authentic.  The 
question  of  Gaimar's  authorship,  extremely 
probable  from  internal  evidence,  could  be 
more  .satisfactorily  determined  were  it 
possible  to  identify  convincingly  the  patron 
— "  Raul  le  fiz  Gilebert  " — and  patroness — 
"dame  Gustance,"  his  wife — to  whom 
reference  is  made  in  the  epilogue,  and  it  is 
this  problem  of  identity  that  I  propose  to 
discuss  here. 

The  close  acquaintance  with  Lincolnshire 
topography  shown  on  many  occasions  in 
the  "Estoire"  and  the  interest  displayed 
in  East  Anglian  traditions — Haveloc,  St. 
Edmund,  Hereward,  &c. — have  led  to  the 
general  assumption  that  the  author  had 
lived  in  that  part  of  the  country,  and  with 
this  as  starting  point  previous  students 
have  endeavoured  to  identify  Gaimar's 
patron.  Apparently  little  has  been  done  in 


this  direction  since  the  publication  of  the 
edition  in  the  Rolls'  Series  but,  in  view 
of  the  amount  of  material  made  available  for 
students  since  that  date,  a  brief  account  of 
the  present  position  of  the  question,  and  of 
the  few  additional  data  I  have  been  able  to 
glean  from  the  sources  of  my  disposal,  may 
possibly  lead  to  the  solution  of  a  problem 
which  is  not  entirely  without  importance. 

Of  the  several  Ralf  fitz  Gilberts  who 
figure  in  the  contemporary  records  and  are 
connected  with  Lincolnshire,  the  one  most 
generally  identified  with  Gaimar's  patron  is 
that  "Redulphus  films  Gilleberti  "  who  held 
land  at  Scampton  (Lines.)  which  he  granted 
c.  1150  to  Kirkstead  Abbey.  Beyond  the 
identity  of  names  there  does  not  appear  to 
be  any  particular  ground  for  supposing  him 
to  be  the  "Raul  le  fiz  Gilebert  "  of  the 
epilogue  nor  does  there  appear  to  be  any 
reason,  except  that  he  had  a  son  named 
Ralf,  for  identifying  him  with  his  contem- 
porary and  namesake,  the  founder  of  Markby 
Priory.  In  the  Introduction  to  the  second 
volume  of  the  Rolls'  edition  the  editor  says 
the  latter  must  have  had  property  in  Wilt- 
shire under  Henry  II.,  but  the  only  evidence 
he  gives  in  support  of  this  assertion  is  a 
reference  to  the  '  Pipe  Roll  of  7  Henry  II. ' 
where,  under  Hampshire,  we  read  :  Et  in 
perdona  per  brevem  regis  Radulphus  filius 
Gilleberti  iiii  m  et  debet  iiii  m  qui  requirendi 
sunt  in  •  Wiltescire.  ^s  we  shall  see  there 
appear  to  be  traces  of  this  Ralf  in  later 
entries  of  the  Pipe  Roll. 

If  we  turn  to  the  account  of  the  manor  of 
Empshott  (Hants)  in  the  third  volume  of 
the  Victoria  History  of  that  county  we  find 
a  reference  to  a  charter  of  "  Radulphus 
filius  Gileberti  "  and  of  Constance  his  wife. 
Curiously  enough,  though  the  name  figures  in 
the  text,  it  dees  not  occur  in  the  index 
to  the  History,  which  probably  accounts 
for  the  reference  having  passed  unnoticed. 
(It  was  only  while  casually  turning  over  the 
leaves  that  I  came  across  the  notice  myself. ) 
The  charter  is  to  be  found  in  the  British 
Museum  Add.  MSS.  33280  atf.  202  and  of  it 
I  have  procured  the  following  transcript. 

"  Carta  Radulphi  Filij  Gilebti  de  Capdla  dc 
Imbeschete.  Notum  sit  oibz  tarn  p'sentibz  qam 
Futuris  qd  Ego  Ridulph'  filius  GileV  &  Con- 
stancia  ux'  mea  &  Rad'  filius  &  heres  nost' 
p  redempcone  animar:  nrar:  &  ancessor:  nror: 
dams  &  concedims  <fe  p'senti  Carta  confirmams 
Deo  &  ecclie  be  Mar'  de  Suthewic'  ad  incremntuo 
noiatim  reddiV  coqine  Fru  nror:  Canonicor:  dee 
ibm  servienciii  Capellam  nram  de  Imbisita  in 
ppetua  elemosina  cu  decimis  &  oblaconibz  & 
oibz  pt'en'  suis  cu  una  v'gata  ire  cuis^ dimidia  pte 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  s,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


libam  &  quieta  ab  oibz  servicijs  esse  annuims 
alia  v°  ps  solumodo  dni  nri  Reg'  solvet  <fc  duor: 
houm  servicia  in  autupno  ad  singlas  p'ces  nras. 
Hijs  Test' .  Philipp'  qen'o  nro  en  Isabel  ux'e 
ana  &  Peto  &  Rad'  filior :  eiusd  Philipp'  &  alijs. 
Rogavims  p  caritate  del  &:  impetravims  ab 
p'fatis  fribz  nris  ut  audito  obitu  nro  &  Philippi 
gen'i  nri  &  ux'is  eis  Isabel  &  hedes  nri  faciant 
serviciu  p  aiabz  nris  sicut  p  aiabz  specialiu  frm 
&  sororunt." 

The  priory,  originally  founded  at  Port- 
chester  by  Henry  I,  was  removed  to  South- 
wick  between  1145-53,  after  which  date 
the  above  grant  must  have  been  made ; 
since,  however,  the  grant  was  confirmed 
between  1170  and  1180  by  Pope  Alexander 
III,  together  with  that  of  the  ecclesiam  de 
Portseia  (granted  by  Baldwin  de  Portseia 
c.  1170),  of  the  ecclesiam  de  Nuthlia,  and  of 
a  house  in  Winchester,  the  above  charter 
must  be  earlier.  If,  as  I  think  probable, 
the  entry,  under  Hampshire,  of  the  '  Pipe 
Roll  of  "13  Henry  II.'  is  to  be  read:  [I]m- 
besseta  Rad  redd  comp  de  dim  m  ;  then  Half 
fitz  Gilbert  still  had  property  there  in  1167 
and  the  date  of  his  grant  to  Southwick  is 
very  probably  to  be  ascribed  to  c.  1170. 

It  is  now  time  to  consider  the  remaining 
references  to  Half  fitz  Gilbert  in  Hampshire. 
In  this  same  'Pipe  Roll  of  13  Henry  II.' 
there  is  also  the  following  entry  under 
Hampshire  :  Eslega  Rad  redd  comp  de  dim 
m,  and  we  learn  from  the  '  Placit.  Abbrev. ' 
of  10  John  (p.  69)  that  this  was  "  Radulphus 
films  Gileberti,"  and  that  he  held  of  William 
de  Venuz,  who  was  lord  of  the  manor  of 
Empshott,  among  other  places,  in  the 
second  half  o  f  the  twelfth  century.  Moreover 
"  Hugo  filius  Radulphi  "  (of  Eastleigh)  bought 
land  from  John  de  Venuz,  c.  1220  according 
to  V.  C.  H.,  Hants  (vol.  iii,  sub  Eastleigh) 
where  a  reference,  which  1  have  been  unable 
to  control,  is  given  to  '  Pedes  Finium  3  and  4 
Henry  III.'  ;  since  William  de  Venuz  was 
contemporary  with  Ralf  fitz  Gilbert  and 
since  John  de  Venuz  was  his  grandson, 
it  is  probable  that  "  Hugo  filius  Radulphi  " 
stood  in  the  same  relationship  to  Ralf  fitz 
Gilbert.  At  any  rate  it  seems  fairly  certain 
that  Ralf  of  Empshott  and  Ralf  of  Eastleigh 
are  one  and  the  same  person  and  it  is,  it 
seems  to  me,  probable  that  this  Hampshire 
Fitz  Gilbert  is  identical  with  the  founder  of 
Markby  Priory  who,  as  we  learn  fro/n  '  Placit. 
Abbrev.'  7  John  (p.  46)  and  9-10  John  (p.  58), 
had  a  son  Ralf  and  a  grandson  Hugh,  who, 
to  judge  by  an  entry  in  the  Rotuli  Hugonis 
de  Welles  (' Lincoln  Record  Society,'  vol.  iii, 
p.  202),  was  still  interested  in  Markby 
Priory,  c.  1230. 


This  Ralf  fitz  Gilbert  appears  to  have 
been  a  brother  of  Robert  fitz  Gilbert  of 
Legbouriie  (Lines.) — though  the  evidence 
does  not  seem  altogether  satisfactory — whose 
family  (for  an.  account  of  which  cf.  Lincoln- 
shire Notes  and  Queries,  vols.  vi.  and  xii.) 
held  extensively  of  the  Earls  of  Chester, 
It  is  noteworthy  in  this  connection  that 
Gaimar  has  special  references  to  this  family 
and  to  one  at  least  of  its  traditions.  Further 
he  was  undoubtedly  familiar  with  the 
country  stretching  between  Reading  and 
Southampton,  e.g.,  he  chooses  Portsmouth 
as  the  scene  of  a  fictitious  battle  recorded  by 
him,  and  preserves  an  account  of  an  English 
retreat  before  the  Danes  up  the  Loddon 
valley  by  Twyford  and  Whistley.  There  is 
then^no  difficulty  in  the  way  of  identifying 
the  "Raul  le  fiz  Gilebert  "  and  "dame 
Custance  "  of  the  epilogue  with  the  Ralf 
fitz  Gilbert  and  Constance  of  Empshott, 
but  is  the  genealogical  evidence  sufficient,, 
at  present,  to  warrant  the  further  assump- 
tion that  this  Hampshire  Fitz  Gilbert  is  the 
same  as  the  founder  of  Markby  Priory — an 
identity  which  would  do  much,  if  substan- 
tiated, to  determine  the  authenticity  of  t he- 
epilogue  ?  It  is  on  this  account  that  I 
hesitate  to  press  the  evidence  too  far,  though- 
more  competent  students  than  myself  may 
be  able  to  strengthen  the  claim  of  identity 
from  the  genealogical  side. 

ALEXANDER  BELL. 
46  All  Saints  Road,  Peterborough. 


ERRORS  IN  CARLYLE'S  'FRENCH  REVOLU- 
TION.'— A  writer  in  last  year's  August 
number  of  L' Intermediate,  under  the  heading: 
'Erreurs  dans  Carlyle,'  has  indicated  two 
oversights  in  this  book.  As  neither  of  them 
draws  a  comment  in  the  annotated  edition 
of  Prof.  J.  H.  Rose  or  that  of  Mr.  C.  R.  L. 
Fletcher,  readers  of  the  '  French  Revolution  ' ' 
may  care  to  note  the  corrections,  even  if,, 
remembering  Mr.  Oscar  Browning's  essay 
on  '  The  Flight  to  Varennes,'  they  are  proof 
against  any  surprise  at  the  inaccuracy  of 
Carlyle 's  picturesque  details. 

1.  In  vol.  i.,  Bk.  III.,  chap.  6,  "  fascinating 
indispensable  Madame  de  Buffon,"  mistress 
of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  is  described  as  the 
"  light  wife  of  a  great  Naturalist  much  too 
old  for  her."  Yet  in  his  description  o 
Egalite  on  his  way  to  the  guillotine  (vol  iii.,. 
Bk.  V.,  chap.  2),  when,  as  the  procession 
stops  at  the  quondam  Palais  Royal,  "  Dame 
de  Buffon,  it  is  said,  looked  out  on  him, 
in  Jezebel  headtire,"  Carlyle  gives  a  reference^ 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vra.FHB.5,i92i. 


,to  Montgaillard,  i.e.,  the  Abbe  Montgaillard's 
*Histoire  de  France.'  This  being  looked 
.•up  is  found  to  describe  how  ' '  la  f emme 
Buffon,  inaitresse  en  titre  du  prince,  epouse 
du  fils  de  1'illustre  Bufton.  . .  .contemple 
'froidement  la  victime  allant  a  1'echafaud." 
2.  In  vol  ii.,  Bk.  I.,  chap.  2,  the  French 
word  for  the  Charter-Chests  is  given  as 
Chartiers,  instead  of  Chartriers.  This  may 
be  a  mere  misprint,  but  we  surely  owe  it  to 
.the  estimable  wife  of  "  le  Pline  frangais  " 
that  she  should  no  longer  be  pilloried  at 
the  window  as  a  Jezebel,  but  yield  this 
place  of  dishonour  to  her  daughter-in-law. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THE  PANCAKE  BELL. — Pancake  day,  as 
-every  one  knows,  is  the  Tuesday  before 
Ash  Wednesday.  From  the  following  notes 
it  will  be  seen  the  custom  was  well  observed 
on  the  borders  of  Warwickshire  adjoining 
the  Cotswolds. 

At  Ilmington  the  church  bells  were  rung 
-on  Shrove  Tuesday  and  the  ringers  then 
went  round  to  the  farmers,  &c.,  collecting 
pancakes,  in  a  large  basket  lined  with 
flannel,  one  man  being  left  in  the  tower  to 
pull  the  "ting  tang."  The  visit  was 
^accompanied  by  singing  the  couplet 

Link  it  Lank  it, 
Give  us  panket. 

The  older  custom,  followed  as  late  as 
1800,  was  that  the  parish  clerk  did  the  like, 
And  claimed  as  his  right  a  pancake  from  all 
the  more  substantial  houses.  All  the  men 
And  boys  on  the  farm  received  a  pancake  on 
that  day,  and  although,  as  a  rule,  the  making 
'was  restricted  to  Shrove  Tuesday,  the 
shepherd  was  entitled  to  a  pancake  when 
the  first  lamb  came,  even  if  it  chanced  to  be 
midnight.  J.  HARVEY  BLOOM. 

Twig  KNOWLE  HOTEL,  SID  MOUTH,  was 
-opened  as  such  in  August,  1882.  It  had 
originally  been  built  by  Sir  Thomas  Staple- 
ton,  sixteenth  Lord  Le  Despencer,  in  1810 
.as  Knowle  Cottage,  and  I  am  told  that  when 
the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Kent  arrived  at 
Woolbrook  Cottage,  Sidmouth,  on  Christmas 
13ve,  1819,  with  the  baby  Princess  Victoria 
it  had  already  become  something  of  a  show 
place.  Later  on,  at  any  rate,  the  aviaries 
.and  the  small  collection  of  animals  and  the 
,«ub- tropical  plants  were  well  known.  On 
Nov.  20,  1823,  John  Wallis,  of  the  Royal 
"Marine  Library,  Sidmouth,  published  a 
.series  of  coloured  prints  of  Knowle  Cottage, 
which  was  then  in  the  possession  of  T.  L. 
;Fish,  Esq.  These  were  drawn  by  J.  Fidler, 


and  engraved  by  J.  Sutherland.  Other 
prints  were  published  by  I.  Hervey  of  Fore 
Street,  Sidmouth,  and  drawn  by  C.  F. 
Williams.  The  aviaries,  &c.,  'have  dis- 
appeared, but  this  seems  to  be  an  interesting 
lostelry,  of  which  too  little  has  been 
recorded.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

NOTE  TO  WORDSWORTH'S  'PRELUDE,' 
BK.  v.  26. — Turning  over  the  pages  of  vol.  iii. 
of  Knight's  edition  of  Wordsworth  I  came 
across  an  admission  on  the  editor's  part 
that  he  could  not  trace  the  quotation  in 
the  line: — 
Might  almost  "  weep  to  have  "  what  he  may 

lose — 
at  the  reference  given  above. 

It  is,  of  course,  a  reminiscence  of  the  con- 
clusion of  one  of  Shakespeare's  best  known 
sonnets  ('When  I  have  seen  by  Time's  fell 
hand  defaced  '  Ixiv.)  which  runs  : — 

This  thought  is  as  a  death,  which  cannot  choose 
But  weep  to  have  that  which  it  fears  to  lose. 

E.  R. 

JOSEPH  HATTON  (See  12  S.  vi.  274,  300).— 
The  enclosed  may  interest  those  who  read 
the  query  and  replies  on  "  Guy  Roslin  "  at 
the  above  references. 

IN  AN  ESSEX  WORKHOUSE. 

"  Those  who  knew  that  charming  man,  Joseph 
Hatton,  will  be  sorry  to  read  this  sad  note  in 
The  Athenceum.  '  In  an  Essex  workhouse  has 
just  died  Joshua  Hatton,  brother  of  the  late 
editor  of  The  People,  and  himself  not  only  a 
journalist  of  great  experience  and  mark,  but  also 
a  poet  who  had  the  kindly  opinion  of  Tennyson. 
It  was  Hatton  to  whose  misfortunes  attention 
was  drawn  in  this  column  some  months  since. 
Hatton  was  seventy '  years  old,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  still  hoping  that  the  materials 
for  his  fifth  volume  of  verse  would  see  the  light. 
There  may  be  work  of  value  among  them  :  we 
trust  at  least  they  may  be  carefully  examined  by 
competent  hands.'  " 

DE  V.  PAYEX-PAYNE. 

49  Nevern  Square,  S.W. 

THE  SITE  OF  THE  BOSTON  TEA  PARTY. — 
Readers  of  Mr.  Lucas's  letters  to  The  Times, 
last  autumn,  'From  an  American  Note 
Book,'  will  recall  the  statements  that  he 
could  find  no  one  to  direct  him  to  the  place 
where,  in  December  1773,  three  cargoes  of 
tea  on  British  ships  were  thrown  overboard 
by  citizens  of  Boston,  as  a  protest  against 
taxation : — 

"  I  found  the  harbour  [he  writes]  :  I  traversed 
wharf  after  wharf ;  but  there  was  no  visible 
record  of  the  most  momentous  act  of  jettison 
since  Jonah." 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  5, 1921]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


"Such  a  record,  however,  does  exist,  and  has 
existed  since  December  1893  when  a  bronze 
tablet  was  placed  by  the  Massachusetts 
Society,  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  on  a  building 
at  the  corner  of  Atlantic  Avenue  and  Pearl 
Street — the  actual  site  of  '  Griffins  Wharf, ' 
long  since  reclaimed  from  the  harbour  and 
now  effectually  cut  off  by  the  elevated  rail- 
way and  opposite  line  of  high  warehouses. 

The  tablet  shows  a  sailing  ship  of  the 
period  and  below  it,  within  an  appropriate 
border  of  tea  leaves,  runs  the  following 
inscription  : — 

Here  formerly  stood 

GRIFFINS  WHARF, 
at  -which   lay  moored   on   Dec.    16,    1773,   three 

British,  ships  with  cargoes  of  tea. 
To   defeat  King  George's  trivial  but  tyrannical 

tax  of  three  pence  a  pound 
.about  ninety  citizens  of  Boston,  partly  disguised 

as  Indians,  boarded  the  ships, 
threv  the   cargoes,  three  hundred  and  forty-two 

chests  in  all,  into  the  sea, 
-and    made    the    world    ring    with    the    patriotic 

exploit  of  the 

BOSTON  TEA  PARTY. 

No  I- ne'er  was  mingled  such  a  draught, 

In  palace,  hall,  or  arbor, 
As  freemen  brewed  and  tyrants  quaffed 
That  night  in  Boston  harbor. 

HUGH  HURTING. 
46  Grey  Coat  Gardens,  S.W. 

THE  SCHOOL  OF  SAMUEL  BUTLER. — Though 
Aibrey  says  that  Samuel  Butler,  author  of 
''Hudibras,'  went  to  school  at  Worcester, 
aid  tradition  has  it  that  he  was  educated 
A:  the  King's  School  in  that  city  under 
Henry  Bright,  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
S3hoolmasters  of  that  age,  many  later  writers 
lave  disagreed  as  to  the  identity  of  Butler's 
.school,  either  assigning  him  to  the  Worcester 
Royal  Grammar  School  (known  previously 
AS  the  Free  School,  or  Queen  Elizabeth's 
Grammar  School),  or  questioning  whether 
he  was  educated  at  Worcester  at  all.  Car- 
lisle in  his  '  Endowed  Schools  '  places  Butler 
"at  Queen  Elizabeth's  Grammar  School, 
Worcester,'  and  is  followed  by  the  writer 
in  the  'D.NtB.'  Chambers  in  his  'Bio- 
graphical Illustrations  of  Worcestershire,' 
writing  of  Lord  Somers,  says: —  • 

"  I  am  not  acquainted  that  any  register  is  in 
-existence  to  give  to  any  school  in  this  city  the 
honour  of  educating  Butler  or  Somers." 
However,  as  far  as  Butler  is  concerned,  such 
;a  register  does  exist,  which,  though  it  does 
not  actually  contain  Butler's  name,  confirms 
the  tradition  that  he  was  educated  at  the 
King's  School,  Worcester. 


In  his  '  Brief  Life  '  of  Butler  Aubrey 
states,  "He  went  to  schoole  at  Worcester — • 
from  Mr.  Hill,"  and  adds  in  a  note: — 

"  He  was  born  in  Worcestershire  hard  by 
Barbon-bridge  half  a  mile  from  Worcester,'  in  the 
parish  of  St.  John,  Mr.  Hill  thinkes,  who  went  to 
schoole  with  him." 

This  Mr.  Hill,  as  is  seen  from  other  references 
to  him  in  the  'Brief  Lives,'  was  the  Rev. 
Richard  Hill,  incumbent  of  Stretton  in 
Herefordshire.  He  matriculated  at  Oxford 
from  Balliol  College  in  July  1634  as  "son 
of  James,  of  Upton-on-Severn,  co.  Wore., 
pleb.,  aged  17."  In  the  register  of  boys 
elected  to  King's  scholarship,  at  the  King's 
School,  Worcester  ('Wore.  Cath.  Mun.' 
A.  xxi,  printed  in  Mr.  A.  F.  Leach's  '  Early 
Education  in  Worcestershire  ')  there  occurs 
the  name  of  Richard  Hill  under  the  date 
November  1626.  Thus  the  identification  of 
this  Richard  Hill  with  Aubrey's  Mr.  Hill 
who  went  to  school  with  Butler  appears 
certain. 

Butler,  who  was  baptized  in  February 
1612-13,  would  be  Hill's  senior  by  about 
four  years,  and  probably  left  the  school 
soon  after  Hill  entered  it.  Butler's  name  is 
not  found  in  this  register  because  he  was 
never  elected  to  a  King's  scholarship.  This 
fact  gives  point  to  Aubrey's  statement  that 
"  his  father  was  a  man  but  of  slender  fortune* 
and  to  breed  him  at  schoole  was  as  much  educa- 
tion as  he  was  able  to  reach  to. .  .  .He  never  wag 
at  the  university  for  the  reason  alledged." 

C.  V.  HANCOCK. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


VANESSA. — DR.  ELBINGTON  BALL'S  note 
on  Swift's  verse  (p.  1)  brings  to  mind  a 
point  which  has  often  puzzled  me.  How 
did  the  German  naturalist  Johann  Christian 
Faber  or  Fabricius  (1745-1808),  pupil  of 
and  collaborateur  with  the  Swedish  natura- 
list Carle  von  Linne,  better  known  as 
Linnaeus  (1707-1778),  come  to  designpte  a 
genus  of  butterflies  as  Vanessa,  Linnaeus 
adding  the  specific  names  ?  The  British 
representatives  of  this  species  are  the  most 
brilliant  of  our  native  butterflies,  viz.,  the 
Red  Admiral,  the  Peacock,  the  Camberwell 
Beauty,  the  Large  and  Small  Tortoiseshells 
and  the  Painted  Lady.  How  did  Fabricius 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.vm.  FEB.  5,1921. 


get  hold  of  the  name  Vanessa,  which  was 
coined  as  a  cryptonym  for  Esther  Van- 
homrigh  to  match  his  own  anagram  of 
Cadenus  for  Decanus  ? 

Swift's  poem  *  Cadenus  and  Vanessa  '  was 
written  in  1713,  but  not  published  till  1727. 
Swift  died  in  1745,  the  year  of  Fabricius's 
birth,  and  it  was  not  until  1767  that  Fabricius 
paid  his  first  visit  to  England.  Unlike 
Linnaeus,  he  was  a  fluent  linguist,  and  was 
much  in  the  company  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks 
and  other  entomologists.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  by  what  happy  accident 
he  hit  upon  the  name  Vanessa  for  the  beauti- 
ful insects  that  now  bear  it. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Monreith. 

THOMAS  CHATTERTON.  —  According  to 
Gregory  ('Life  of  Chatterton,  1803,'  p.  70), 
who  apparently  quotes  the  Coroner,  Chatter- 
ton  "  swallowed  arsenic  in  water,  on  Aug.  24, 
1770,  and  died  in  consequence  thereof  the 
next  day."  The  italics  are  mine.  The 
Coroner  had  been  interviewed  by  Sir  Herbert 
Croft,  it  will  be  remembered,  and  Gregory's 
version  of  the  inquest  was  the  accepted  one, 
and  has  been  copied  by  Chatterton 's  later 
biographers.  The  phrase,  ""the  next  day," 
deserves  attention.  If  Chatterton  died  on  the 
25th,  why  is  it  said  that  he  took  poison  on  the 
24th  ?  He  returned  to  his  room  on  the  24th, 
and  his  room  was  broken  into  "early  in 
the  morning  "  of  the  25th  (probably  by 
Mrs.  Angel's  husband  before  leaving  for 
his  work).  What  justification  was  there 
for  this  forcible  entry  after  so  short  a  se- 
clusion ?  Did  Mrs.  Angel  suspect  he  had 
'  *  flitted  ' '  in  the  night  to  avoid  paying  his 
rent  ?  Again,  how  did  she  know  that  he 
had  been  without  food  for  some  days  ? 
Who  had  Chatterton's  few  belongings  in  the 
Brooke  Street  lodging  ? 

If  I  have  overlooked  any  books  on  Chatter- 
ton  which  discuss  these  points,  I  should  be 
grateful  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who 
would  give  me  their  titles. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  students  of 
Chatterton  if  I  add  that  I  have  been  exa- 
mining the  theory  of  his  burial  at  Bristol, 
and  while  I  agree  with  Masson's  reason  for 
disbelieving  it,  I  would  submit  that  the 
theory  is  also  untenable  from  the  fact  that 
a  study  of  the  time-tables  of  the  coaches  of 
that  period  between  Bristol  and  London 
shews  that  there  would  not  have  been  time 
for  an  exchange  of  letters  between  Chatter- 
ton's  friends  in  London  and  Bristol  before 
the  date  of  the  recorded  burial  in  Shoe 


Lane  workhouse  graveyard,  i.e.,  the  28th. 
Assuming  that  the  burial  took  place  as 
recorded,  there  remains  the  possibility  of 
an  application  for  disinterment  of  the  body.. 
Of  that  nothing  is  known.  Yet  Mrs.  Ballance 
would  surely  have  heard  of  it,  and  have 
spoken  of  it  to  Sir  Herbert  Croft.  Failing, 
an  authorized  disinterment,  there  is  the 
remoter  possibility  of  "body-snatching." 
That  might  have  been  managed  by  bribery,, 
but  it  points  to  an  expenditure  of  money 
and  trouble  in  a  dangerous  transaction  on, 
the  parjb  of  distant  relations  of  Mrs.  Chatter- 
ton  that  is  unthinkable. 

Might  I  say  that  on  a  recent  visit  to 
Brooke  Street,  I  noted  that  No.  39  bears 
no  inscription  to  the  effect  that  it  occupies- 
the  site  of  the  house  in  which  Chatterton 
died.  I  suggest  that  the  authorities  who 
have  done  such  good  work  in  placing 
memorial  tablets  on  London  houses,  might 
fittingly  pay  this  simple  tribute  to  Chatter- 
ton's  memory.  G.  W.  WRIGHT. 

Brixton. 

SUTHERLAND  OF  ACKERGILL. — Alexander- 
Sutherland,  a  farmer  of  Ackergill,  near 
Wick,  married  (name  of  wife  sought)  and 
had  issue: — Henrietta,  baptized,  Feb.  21,. 
1730  ;  Margaret,  baptized,  May  13,  1733  ; 
Alexander,  baptized  Feb.  15,  1736. 

The  second  daughter,  Margaret,  married 
July  29,  1764  in  New  Kirk  Parish,  Edin- 
burgh, John  Baillie  (Merchant  in  Edinbur^i),, 
son  of  Thomas  Baillie  (millwright,  on  flie 
water  of  Leith),  by  his  wife  Helen  Gordoa. 

I  am  anxious  to  trace  the  ancestry  of 
Alexander  Sutherland,  and  it  has  occurred 
to  me  that,  in  view  of  of  the  fact  that  Acker- 
gill  is  the  property  of  Major  Sir  George  Duff- 
Sutherland-Dunbar,  Bart.,  the  representa- 
tive of  the  family  of  Sutherland  of  Duffts 
whose  ancestor  was  Nicholas,  2nd  son  of 
Kenneth,  4th  Earl  of  Sutherland,  Alexandef 
Sutherland  may  have  been  connected  witli 
that  family. 

The  ancestry  of  Thomas  Baillie  is  alsoj 
desired.  Was  he  connected  with  the  Jervis-J 
woode  or  Mellerstain  Baillies  ? 

JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 
*  39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

JACK'S  COFFEE  HOUSE. — I  have  a  thin, 
copper  token  about  $•  in.  in  diameter  which 
reads  on  one  side,  "  JACK'S  COFFEE  HOUSE,. 
6d."  on  the  other  side,  "  RODNEY,  12th  April,, 
1782."  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  when,  and 
where,  it  was  issued. 

WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.R.N.S. 


12  s.  VIIT.  FEB.  5,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


'  WASH  '  ( '  WASSH  '),  BLACKSMITH'S  TOOL. 
— Dr.  Bradley  has  been  supplied  with  a 
reference  to  a  membrane  of  the  King's 
Remembrancer's  Memoranda  Roll  of  1363, 
for  this  word.  Careful  examination  of  that 


COLONEL  OWEN  ROWE. — What  is  known 
concerning  the  arms  and  descendants  of  this 
regicide  ?  I  believe  there  has  been  some 
correspondence  on  the  subject  in  'N.  &  Q.,' 
but  lack  references.  A  precis  of  the  in- 


membrane  does  not  show  the  word.    It  may    formation  elicited  would  be  welcomed, 
be  that  the  reference  was  miscopied. 

I  shall  be  glad  if  one  of  your  correspon 
dents  can  supply  any  early  reference  to  the 
word — with  a  quotation.  There  are,  no  doubt, 

seyeralprintedinventoriesthat  record  the  tools  marjt  ^oulBf  m  uuf  _  UJ  uia  _yi_,  oayo 

ol  a  smith  s  torge  ;  but  I  do  not  know  where    that  Owen  Howe  was  descended  from  Sir  Thomas 


TRIUMVIR. 

[We    reproduce    a    query   which    appeared    in 
1  S.  ix.  449  : — 

"  OWEN  ROWE  THE  REGICIDE. 
Mark  Noble,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Regicides,  says 


to  find  these. 


ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 


DRAWINGS    WANTED. — In 
a  history  of  the  ward  of 


Rowe,  Lord  Mayor  of  London  In  1568.  In  the 
Additional  Manuscripts  (British  Museum),  6337, 
p.  52,  is  a  coat  in  trick  :  Argent,  on  a  chevron 
azure,  three  bezants  between  three  trefoils  per 


CRIPPLEGATE  : 

connexion  with   -  — ~~v^ .    „*.    Uiw    rr*.^  ^  • 

flrinnWato   in    +V,o   rm-cr   «*   T  ^^A^         i~-  T~    pale  gules  and  vert,  a  martlet  sable  for  difference  ; 
the   City  of  London,   which    ^restf  a    roe>s    head    co     ed    gules>    attired   or, 

1  am  about  completing,  I  should  be  glad  to    rising  from  a  wreath  ;  and  beneath  is  written 
he&r  of  any  original  unpublished  drawings    f<  Coll.  Row,  Coll.  of  hors  and  futt."     These  arms 
of  buildings,    &c.,    of   the    eighteenth   and 
nireteenth  centuries.     I  have  all  those  con- 
tained   in    the    British    Museum    and    the 
Gu  Idhall  Library.       JOHN  J.  BADDELEY. 
32  Woodbury  Down,  N. 

CHARLES  HOLLINGBERY  was  admitted  to 
Vest  minster  School  in  September  1826, 
aged  13.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  any 
iiformation  about  him.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

"  AUSTER  ' '  LAND  TENURE. — In  a  deed  dated 
1800,  a  house  in  this  parish  is  described  as 
'  all  that  Messuage  and  Tenement  of  Old 


arms 

I  imagine  to  have  been  the  regicide's.  If  so,  he 
was  a  fourth  son.  Query,  whose  ?  The  Hackney 
Parish  Register  records,  that  on  Nov.  6,  1655, 
Captain  Henry  Rowe  was  buried  from  Mr.  Simon 
Corbet's,  of  Mare  Street,  Hackney.  How  was  he 


related  to  Colonel  Owen  Rowe  ?  I  should  feel 
particularly  obliged  to  any  correspondent  who 
could  furnish  me  with  his  descent  from  Sir  Thos. 
Rowe. 

"  According  to  Mr.  Lysons  (Environs  of  London, 
vol.  iv.  p.  540)  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Rowland 
Wilson,  and  widow  of  Dr.  Crisp,  married  Colonel 
Rowe  ;  adding  in  a  note,  that  he  supposes  this 
Colonel  Rowe  to  have  been  Colonel  Owen  Rowe, 
the  regicide.  The  same  statement  is  found  in 
s  History  of  Kent  (edit.  1778),  vol.  i., 


the  regi 
Hasted' 


muster  in  the  Manor  of  Yatton."     Can  anv    P-  181-     l  snould  be  ?lad  of  some  more  certain 

1_-_    ,*  _     .  «  .,  information  on  this  point ;  also,  what  issue  Owen 

two  daughters,  whose 


term 

which  I  understand  has  something  I  SarriagesYre  ^OT^dlT  thTrfa^SSy  "Se^fetS! 
o  do  with  a  system  of  land  tenure.  Was  "I  am  likewise  anxious  to  learn  whether  there 
t  confined  to  Somerset  ?  In  a  neighbouring  exist  any  lineal  descendants .  of  this  family  of 
3arish  there  is  land  formerly  known  as  the  I  .Rowe'  which  had  ^s  OTW^  in  Kent;  and  thence 


duster   tenements. 
Yatton,  Somerset. 


H.  C.  BARNARD. 


LAMB  IN  RUSSELL  STREET. — Charles  Lamb 
and  his  sister  for  a  time  occupied  lodgings 
in  Russell  Street,  Covent  Garden,  where 
Will's  Coffee-house  formerly  had  stood. 
This  street  is  by  no  means  the  same  as 
Great  Russell  Street,  Bloomsbury. 

Was  Russell  Street,  Covent  Garden  ever 
correctly  known  as  Great  Russell  Street  ? 
The  'D.N.B.'  and  Ainger's  'Charles  Lamb  * 
in  the  '  English  Men  of  Letters  '  series  both 
call  the  street  Great  Russell  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  while  the  latter  book  uses  both 
names ;  and  magazine  and  newspaper 
writers  frequently  repeat  the  error. 

It    seems    desirable    that    an    important 
book  of  reference  like  the  'D.N.B.'  should 
be  correct  on  such  a  simple  point. 
Cambridge,  Mass-  E.  BASIL  LTJPTON. 


branching  oft  in  the  sixteenth  century,  settled 
and  obtained  large  possessions  in  Shacklewell, 
Walthamstow,  Low  Layton,  Higham  Hill,  and 
Muswell  Hill.  Through  females,  several  of  our 
nobility  are  descended  from  them.  TEE  BEE." 
At  10  S.  i.  356,  in  reply  to  a  short  general 
query,  reference  is  given  to — 

"  The     indictment,     arraignment,     tryal,    and 
judgment  at  large  of  twenty-nine  regicides,  the 

murtherers    of King    Charles    I begun 

at  Hicks's-hall,  9th  Oct.,  1660,  and  continued  at 
the  Old  Baily."  London,  1739, 


MAJOR-GENERAL  THE  HON.  WILLIAM 
HERBERT,  son  of  Thomas,  8th  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  and  father  of  Henry,  1st  Earl  of 
Carnarvon  is  stated  by  *  G.  E.  C.'  to  have 
married  Catherine  Elizabeth  Tewes,  of  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

Is  it  possible  to  trace  the  parentage  of 
this  lady  ?  P.  B.  M. 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  s,  1921. 


get  hold  of  the  name  Vanessa,  which  was 
coined  as  a  cryptonym  for  Esther  Van- 
homrigh  to  match  his  own  anagram  of 
Cadenus  for  Decanus  ? 

Swift's  poem  '  Cadenus  and  Vanessa  '  was 
written  in  1713,  but  not  published  till  1727. 
Swift  died  in  1745,  the  year  of  Fabricius's 
birth,  and  it  was  not  until  1767  that  Fabricius 
paid  his  first  visit  to  England.  Unlike 
Linnaeus,  he  was  a  fluent  linguist,  and  was 
much  in  the  company  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks 
and  other  entomologists.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  by  what  happy  accident 
he  hit  upon  the  name  Vanessa  for  the  beauti- 
ful insects  that  now  bear  it. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Monreith. 

THOMAS  CHATTERTON.  —  According  to 
Gregory  ('Life  of  Chatterton,  1803,'  p.  70), 
who  apparently  quotes  the  Coroner,  Chatter- 
ton  "  swallowed  arsenic  in  water,  on  Aug.  24, 
1770,  and  died  in  consequence  thereof  the 
next  day."  The  italics  are  mine.  The 
Coroner  had  been  interviewed  by  Sir  Herbert 
Croft,  it  will  be  remembered,  and  Gregory's 
version  of  the  inquest  was  the  accepted  one, 
and  has  been  copied  by  Chatterton's  later 
biographers.  The  phrase,  "the  next  day/' 
deserves  attention.  If  Chatterton  died  on  the 
25th,  why  is  it  said  that  he  took  poison  on  the 
24th  ?  He  returned  to  his  room  on  the  24th, 
and  his  room  was  broken  into  "early  in 
the  morning  "  of  the  25th  (probably  by 
Mrs.  Angel's  husband  before  leaving  for 
his  work).  What  justification  was  there 
for  this  forcible  entry  after  so  short  a  se- 
clusion ?  Bid  Mrs.  Angel  suspect  he  had 
* '  flitted  ' '  in  the  night  to  avoid  paying  his 
rent  ?  Again,  how  did  she  know  that  he 
had  been  without  food  for  some  days  ? 
Who  had  Chatterton's  few  belongings  in  the 
Brooke  Street  lodging  ? 

If  I  have  overlooked  any  books  on  Chatter  - 
ton  which  discuss  these  points,  I  should  be 
grateful  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who 
would  give  me  their  titles. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  students  of 
Chatterton  if  I  add  that  I  have  been  exa- 
mining the  theory  of  his  burial  at  Bristol, 
and  while  I  agree  with  Masson's  reason  for 
disbelieving  it,  I  would  submit  that  the 
theory  is  also  untenable  from  the  fact  that 
a  study  of  the  time-tables  of  the  coaches  of 
that  period  between  Bristol  and  London 
shews  that  there  would  not  have  been  time 
for  an  exchange  of  letters  between  Chatter- 
ton's  friends  in  London  and  Bristol  before 
the  date  of  the  recorded  burial  in  Shoe 


Lane  workhouse  graveyard,  i.e.,  the  28th. 
Assuming  that  the  burial  took  place  as 
recorded,  there  remains  the  possibility  of 
an  application  for  disinterment  of  the  body. 
Of  that  nothing  is  known.  Yet  Mrs.  Ballance 
would  surely  have  heard  of  it,  and  have 
spoken  of  it  to  Sir  Herbert  Croft.  Failing. 
an  authorized  disinterment,  there  is  the 
remoter  possibility  of  "body-snatching." 
That  might  have  been  managed  by  bribery,, 
but  it  points  to  an  expenditure  of  money 
and  trouble  in  a  dangerous  transaction  on. 
the  parjb  of  distant  relations  of  Mrs.  Chatter- 
ton  that  is  unthinkable. 

Might  I  say  that  on  a  recent  visit  to 
Brooke  Street,  I  noted  that  No.  39  bears 
no  inscription  to  the  effect  that  it  occupies- 
the  site  of  the  house  in  which  Chatterton 
died.  I  suggest  that  the  authorities  who 
have  done  such  good  work  in  placing. 
memorial  tablets  on  London  houses,  might 
fittingly  pay  this  simple  tribute  to  Chatter- 
ton's  memory.  G.  W.  WRIGHT. 

Brixton. 

SUTHERLAND  OF  ACKERGILL.  —  Alexander 
Sutherland,  a  farmer  of  Ackergill,  near 
Wick,  married  (name  of  wife  sought)  end 
had  issue:  —  Henrietta,  baptized,  Feb.  21,. 
1730  ;  'Margaret,  baptized,  May  13,  1723  ; 
Alexander,  baptized  Feb.  15,  1736. 

The  second  daughter,  Margaret,  married 
July  29,  1764  in  New  Kirk  Parish,  Edin- 
burgh, John  Baillie  (Merchant  in  Edinburgh),, 
son  of  Thomas  Baillie  (millwright,  on  fae 
water  of  Leith),  by  his  wife  Helen  Gordon. 

I  am  anxious  to  trace  the  ancestry  of 
Alexander  Sutherland,  and  it  has  cccurrsd. 
to  me  that,  in  view  of  of  the  fact  that  Acker- 
gill  is  the  property  of  Major  Sir  George  Bui£- 
Sutherland-Dunbar,  Bart.,  the  representa- 
tive of  the  family  of  Sutherland  of  Duff  us- 
whose  ancestor  was  Nicholas,  2nd  son  c£ 
Kenneth,  4th  Earl  of  Sutherland,  Alexander 
Sutherland  may  have  been  connected  witl\ 
that  family. 

The  ancestry  of  Thomas   Baillie  is   also 
desired.     Was  he  connected  with  the  Jervis 
woode  or  Mellerstain  Baillies  ? 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
*  39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


JACK'S  COFFEE  HOUSE.  —  I  have  a 
copper  token  about  £  in.  in  diameter  which 
reads  on  one  side,  "  JACK'S  COFFEE  HOUSE,. 
6d.  "  on  the  other  side,  "  RODNEY,  12th  April,, 
1782."  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  when,  and 
where,  it  was  issued. 

WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.K.N.S. 


12  s.  vm.  FEB.  6, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


'  WASH  '  ( '  WASSH  '),  BLACKSMITH'S  TOOL. 
— Dr.  Bradley  has  been  supplied  with  a 
reference  to  a  membrane  of  the  King's 
Remembrancer's  Memoranda  Roll  of  1363, 
for  this  word.  Careful  examination  of  that 
membrane  does  not  show  the  word.  It  may 
be  that  the  reference  was  miscopied. 

I  shall  be  glad  if  one  of  your  correspon- 
dents can  supply  any  early  reference  to  the 
word — with  a  quotation.  There  are,  no  doubt, 
several  printed  inventories  that  record  the  tools 


f  VU  '        £  -L       j.  T       T  1  i  UOXrm,   i.-t<JU.I.e,    111    Alls   fJfVVO    UJ    K/t.0    j.tc.j/nxn*c-o,    ocvjro 

ol  9,  smith  s  forge  ;  but  I  do  not  know  where    that  Owen  Rowe  was  descended  from  Sir  Thomas 


COLONEL  OWEN  ROWE. — What  is  known 
concerning  the  arms  and  descendants  of  this 
regicide  ?  I  believe  there  has  been  some 
correspondence  on  the  subject  in  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
but  lack  references.  A  precis  of  the  in- 
formation elicited  would  be  welcomed. 

TRIUMVIB. 

[We  reproduce  a  query  which  appeared  in 
1  S.  ix.  449  :— 

"  OWEN  ROWE  THE  REGICIDE. 
"  Mark  Noble,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Regicides,  says 


to  find  these. 


ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 


CRIPPLEGATE  :  DRAWINGS  WANTED. — In 
connexion  with  a  history  of  the  ward  of 
Cripplegate  in  the  City  of  London,  which 
I  am  about  completing,  I  should  be  glad  to 
he&r  of  any  original  unpublished  drawings 
of  buildings,  &c.,  of  the  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth  centuries.  I  have  all  those  con- 
tained in  the  British  Museum  and  the 
Guildhall  Library.  JOHN  J.  BADDELEY 
32  Woodbury  Down,  N. 

CHARLES  HOLLINGBERY  was  admitted  to 
Vest  minster  School  in  September  1826, 
aged  13.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  any 
iiformation  about  him.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

"  AUSTER  ' '  LAND  TENURE. — In  a  deed  dated 


Rowe,  Lord  Mayor  of  London  In  1568.  In  the 
Additional  Manuscripts  (British  Museum),  6337, 
p.  52,  is  a  coat  in  trick  :  Argent,  on  a  chevron 
azure,  three  bezants  between  three  trefoils  per 
pale  gules  and  vert,  a  martlet  sable  for  difference  ; 
crest,  a  roe's  head  couped  gules,  attired  or, 
rising  from  a  wreath  ;  and  beneath  is  written, 
"  Coll.  Row,  Coll.  of  hors  and  futt."  These  arms 
I  imagine  to  have  been  the  regicide's.  If  so,  he 
was  a  fourth  son.  Query,  whose  ?  The  Hackney 
Parish  Register  records,  that  on  Nov.  6,  1655, 
Captain  Henry  Rowe  was  buried  from  Mr.  Simon 
Corbet's,  of  Mare  Street,  Hackney.  How  was  he 
related  to  Colonel  Owen  Rowe?  I  should  feel 
particularly  obliged  to  any  correspondent  who 
could  furnish  me  with  his  descent  from  Sir  Thos. 
Rowe. 

"  According  to  Mr.  Lysons  (Environs  of  London, 
vol.  iv.  p.  540)  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Rowland 
Wilson,  and  widow  of  Dr.  Crisp,  married  Colonel 
Rowe  ;  adding  in  a  note,  that  he  supposes  this 
Colonel  Rowe  to  have  been  Colonel  Owen  Rowe, 


lonrk  T-  JT   •  •    i  •••  I  ^uiuuei  riruwt;   IAJ  u.«*ve    uccn  ^uiuurr-jL  v/wcij.   j.«n^wc, 

00,  a  house  in  this  parish  is  described  as    the  regicide.     The  same  statement  is  found  in 


all  that  Messuage  and  Tenement  of  Old 
Auster  in  the  Manor  of  Yatton."  Can  any 
oie  explain  the  meaning  of  the  term  "  Old 
Duster  "  which  I  understand  has  something 
t>  do  with  a  system  of  land  tenure.  Was 


Hasted's  History  of  Kent  (edit.  1778),  vol.  i., 
181.  I  should  be  glad  of  some  more  certain 
information  on  this  point ;  also,  what  issue  Owen 
Rowe  left,  if  any,  besides  two  daughters,  whose 
marriages  are  recorded  in  the  Hackney  Register. 
I  am  likewise  anxious  to  learn  whether  there 


t  confined  to  Somerset  ?     In  a  neighbouring    exist  any  lineal  descendants .  of  this  family  of 


parish  there  is  land  formerly  known  as  the 
-luster    tenements.  H.  C.  BARNARD. 

Yatton,  Somerset. 

LAMB  IN  RUSSELL  STREET.' — Charles  Lamb 
and  his  sister  for  a  time  occupied  lodgings 
in  Russell  Street,  Covent  Garden,  where 
Will's  Coffee-house  formerly  had  stood. 
This  street  is  by  no  means  the  same  as 
Great  Russell  Street,  Bloomsbury. 

Was  Russell  Street,  Covent  Garden  ever 
correctly  known  as  Great  Russell  Street  ? 
The  'D.N.B.'  and  Ainger's  'Charles  Lamb  ' 
in  the  '  English  Men  of  Letters  '  series  both 
call  the  street  Great  Russell  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  while  the  latter  book  uses  both 
names ;  and  magazine  and  newspaper 
writers  frequently  repeat  the  error. 

It    seems    desirable    that    an    important 
book  of  reference  like  the  'D.N.B.'  should 
be  correct  on  such  a  simple  point. 
Cambridge,  Mass-  E.  BASIL  LuPTON. 


Rowe,  which  had  its  origin  in  Kent;  and  thence 
branching  oft  in  the  sixteenth  century,  settled 
and  obtained  large  possessions  in  Shacklewell, 
Walthamstow,  Low  Layton,  Higham  Hill,  and 
Muswell  Hill.  Through  females,  several  of  our 
nobility  are  descended  from  them.  TEE  BEE." 
At  10  S.  i.  356,  in  reply  to  a  short  general 
query,  reference  is  given  to — 

"  The     indictment,     arraignment,     tryal,     and 
judgment  at  large  of  twenty-nine  regicides,  the 

murtherers    of King    Charles    I begun 

Hicks's-hall,  9th  Oct.,  1660,  and  continued  at 
the  Old  Baily."  London,  1739, 

11  be  found  hi  the  Corporation  Library, 
•] 


MAJOR- GENERAL  THE  HON.  WILLIAM 
HERBERT,  son  of  Thomas,  8th  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  and  father  of  Henry,  1st  Earl  of 
Carnarvon  is  stated  by  '  G.  E.  C. '  to  have 
married  Catherine  Elizabeth  Tewes,  of  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

Is  it  possible  to  trace  the  parentage  of 
this  lady  ?  P.  D.  M. 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [is  a  TOLP™.  6,  IMI. 


COWPEB  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAME. — 
I  have  been  told  that  the  poet  Cowper  said 
somewhere  cr  other  that  he  pronounced  his 
name  so  that  the  first  syllable  rhymed  with 
"loop."  Could  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  a  reference  or  supply  me  with  any 
evidence  that  may  serve  to  determine  the 
question?  T.  NICKLIS. 

[This  subject  has  been  discussed  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
See,  for  example,  10  S.  xii.  265,  335,  372,  432,  616. 
At  the  first  reference  MB.  THOMAS  BAYNE  gives 
the  solution  of  Cowper's  riddle  on  the  Kiss  (Gent. 
Mag.,'  vol.  Ixxvi.),  which,  not  itself  by  Cowper, 
.was  taken  to  be  his  and  to  decide  the  pronuncia- 
tion. It  runs  : — 

A  riddle  by  Cowper 

Made  me  swear  like  a  trooper  ; 

But  my  anger,  alas  !  was  in  vain  ; 

For,  remembering  the  bliss 

Of  beauty's  soft  kiss, 

I  now  long  for  such  riddles  again. 
In    5   8.   i.    a   similar   correspondence    will  be 
found,  and  at  p.  274  occurs  the  following  : — 

COWPEB  :  TBOOPEB  (5  S.  i.  68,  135).  —  My 
wife  saw  some  years  ago  a  letter  from  the  poet 
Cowper  to  the  late  Mrs.  Charlotte  Smith,  the 
poetess,  in  which  he  stated  the  pronunciation  of 
his  name  was  "  Cooper."  That  letter  was  in  the 
possession  of  a  lady  in  Leamington,  who  was 
niece  to  Mrs.  Smith.  JOSEPH  FISHEB. 

Waterford.] 

ST.  ANDREW'S,  SCOTLAND  :  PRE-REFORMA- 
TION  SEAL. — I  shall  feel  obliged  if  any  reader 
can  tell  me  (1)  whether  the  Seal  of  the 
Bishop  of  St.  Andrew's  for  the  Archdiocese 
of  St.  Andrews,  Scotland,  was  lost  at  the 
Reformation  ;  or  (2)  whether  it  is  still  in 
existence ;  or  (3)  whether  it  was  used 
during  the  early  years  of  the  Reformation, 
and  when  ? 

HISTORICAL  STUDENT. 

"THE  ASHES." — May  I  appeal  to  the 
omniscience  of  'N.  &  Q.'  to  tell  me  the 
exact  derivation  of  the  expression  "The 
Ashes,",  used  to  mean  the  supremacy  of 
Australia  (comes  first  this  time)  or  England 
in  the  Test  International  Cricket  Matches. 
I  have  asked  several  people  who  are  all 
r-greed  that  it  means  the  championship — 
but  why  "The  Ashes  "  ? 

ANXIOUS  ENQUIRER. 

[The  Intelligence  Department  of  The  Times 
informs  us  that  the  origin  of  the  catch-phrase 
obout  "  bringing  back  the  ashes  "  is  to  be  found 
in  The  Sp&rting  Life  of  1882.  In  this  year 
England  was  defeated  at  Kennington  Oval  by 
the  Australians  fand  the  paper  referred  to  pub- 
lished an  '  In  Memoriam,'  the  exact  wording  of 
which  cannot  be  remembered,  to  "  English 
cricket,  which  died  at  the  Oval  on  Aug.  29,  1882. 
The  body  will  be  cremated,  and  the  ashes  taken 
to  Australia."] 


THE  HONOURABLE  MR. — In  accordance 
with  a  suggestion  made  in  the  Montagu - 
Chelmsford  Joint  Report  on  Indian  reforms, 
the  use  of  the  courtesy  designation  "The 
Honourable  Mr."  has  been  curtailed. 
Members  of  the  Provincial  Councils  will  no 
longer  enjoy  that  distinction,  for  an  official 
announcement  states  that 

"  The  Governor- General  is  pleased  to  permit 
the  title  '  Honourable  '  to  be  borne  during  their 
term  of  office  by  the  following  officers  in  India  : 
(1)  Members  of  the  Governor-General's  Exe- 
cutive Council,  (2)  President  of  the  Council  of 
State,  (3)  President  of  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
(4)  Chief  Justice  and  Puisne  Judges  of  the  High 
Courts,  (6)  Members  of  Executive  Councils  and 
Ministers  in  Governors'  Provinces,  (6)  Residents 
of  the  1st  Class,  (7)  Presidents  of  Legislative 
Councils  in  Governors'  Provinces,  (8)  the  Chief 
Judge  and  Judges  of  the  Chief  Court  of  Lower 
Burma  and  (9)  Members  of  the  Council  of  State." 

Hence  arises  my  query.  When  did  the 
"Mr."  append  itself  to  the  title  ?  I  think 
I  am  correct  in  saying  that  when  the  title 
was  first  used  in  India  there  was  no  question 
of  "Mr."  When  he  arrived  at  the  requisite 
attitude  John  Jones  became  The  Hoi. 
John  Jones  :  nowadays  he  would  be  callel 
The  Hon.  Mr.  Jones.  Why  ?  The  officiil 
regulation  quoted  above  says  the  title  s 
"Honourable,"  and  omits  both  "the  "  ard 
"Mr."  Ought  we  to  speak  of  "Honourabb 
Jones  "  or  "Honourable  John  Jones  ?  " 

May  I  also  be  permitted  to  inquire  whqi 
Provincial  Governors  in  India  first  acquire! 
the  title  "His  Excellency  "  ?  There  is  ai 
odd  sequel,  for  the  wife  of  a  Governor  s 
designated — by  usage  if  not  by  ofncid 
sanction  from  the  Government  of  India— 
"Her  Excellency."  Yet  I  never  heard  o 
the  wife  of  a  Lieutenant -Governor,  who  is 
by  right  "His  Honour,"  being  called  "Hei 
Honour."  !  S.  T.  S. 

CARDINAL  DE  ROHAN  CHABOT. — I  should 
be    grateful   if    any   reader    could   give    me  \ 
further  information  with  regards  to  the  life  I 
and     career     of     Cardinal     Francis     Louis  \ 
Augustus  de  Rohan  Chabot,  Archbishop  of   i 
Besau9on  who  died  in  1833,  and  as  to  whether 
there  are  any  portraits  extant  of  him. 

M.  B.  McA. 

WAT  TYLER.— Mr.  C.  E.  Clark  at  p.  189 
of  his  '  Mistakes  We  Make  '  says  that  Wat 
Tyler  was  killed 

"certainly  not   as  an  insurgent,    but  as  one   who 
had  incurred  the  vengeance  of  the  Mavor  by  setting 
fire  to  all  the  Southwark  houses  of  ill-fame  which 
Walworth  held  as  a  very  profitable  monopoly." 
Can  this  statement  be  substantiated  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMAN. 


i2s.  vm.  FEB.  6,i9Ho      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


OLD  SONG  WANTED. — 

'  Framley  Parsonage  '  chap.  xi.  : — 

"fLudovic,"  said  Lady  Lupton,  "  won't  you 
give  us  another  song  ?"....  "I  have  sung  all 
that  I  knew,  mother.  There's  Culpepper .... 
He  has  got  to  give  us  his  dream — how  be  '  dreamt 
that  he  dwelt  in  marble  halls  !  '  '  "I  sang  that 
-an  hour  ago,"  said  the  captain ...."  But  you 
certainly  have  not  told  us  how  '  your  little  lovers 
«ame  !  '  ' 

The  dream  about  the  "  marble  halls  "  is 
pretty  well  known ;  but  from  what  song 
oomes  the  allusion  to  the  "  little  levers  "  ? 

J.  C. 

ROGER  MOMPESSON. — Can  any  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  give  me  the  name  of  the  consti- 
tuency represented  in  Parliament  by  Roger 
Mompesson,  cf  Lincoln's  Inn,  about  1700  ? 

E.  A.  J. 

THE  PACKEBSHIP  OF  LONDON. — In  June 
1552  Sir  John  Thynne  resigned  his  patent 
of  the  "Packership  of  London."  What 
office  would  this  represent  ?  Perhaps  a 
reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  can  say  if  it  is  still  in 
-existence  ?  R.  B. 


REPRESENTATIVE     COUNTY 
LIBRARIES,    PUBLIC    AND    PRIVATE. 

(12S.  viii.  8,  34,  54,  76.) 

THE  average  Public  Library  and  Public 
Librarian  are  not  at  all  equipped  to  answer 
genealogical  problems. 

May  I  make  a  few  suggestions  as  to  what 
a  library  should  acquire  before  beginning 
to  qualify  to  fulfil  such  a  function  ?  It 
might  then  be  found  that  to  invest  a  locality 
with  direct  personal  interests,  via  the  study 
of  genealogy,  is  the  surest  road  to  the 
attainment  of  whatever  aims  Public  Libraries 
are  generally  supposed  to  possess. 

1.  Of  course,  copies  of  all  the  histories  of 
the  county  in  which  the   library  is  situate, 
of  the  County  Visitation  Pedigrees  and  of 
all  local  histories. 

2.  Copies   of   the   Parish   Registers   from 
beginning  to  end,  of  all  the  Manorial  Ccurt 
Rolls  and  of  all  the  Monumental  Inscriptions 
in  all  the  churhes,  churchyards  and  ceme- 
teries in  the  parish  or  town  that  the  library 
represents. 

3.  Every  original  document,  parchment, 
deed,   &c.,  upon  which  it   can  lay  hands, 
properly  calendared   and   indexed,   so   that 
the  list  of  its  contents  can  be  seen  at  a  glance . 


4.  Complete  copies  of  all  the  local  Direc- 
tories, and  before  then,  of  the  local  Subsidy 
Rolls,  Land  Tax  Assessments,  Hearth  Tax 
Assessments,  Muster  Rolls,  Recusant    Rolls 
and  complete  copies  of  the  Census  Returns 
of  1841  and  1851. 

5.  Then  abstracts  of  all  the  wills  of  people 
connected  with  the  place,  of  the  pleadings 
and  depositions  in  lawsuits,   and  of  every 
loose  deed  or  document  which  exists  amongst 
the  millions  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  the 
Probate    and    Diocesan    Registries    and    in 
private  hands.     These  to  be  arranged  simply 
in  order  of  date  and  type-written. 

I  think  that,  this  working  material  at 
hand  for  ready  reference,  PUBLIC  LIBRARIAN 
might  begin  to  be  in  a  position  to  answer 
genealogical  enquiries.  It  might  cost  a  few 
thousand  pounds  for  any  single  parish  to 
acquire  such  a  collection,  and  take  a^few 
years  to  get  together,  and  he  himself  would 
be  all  the  better  equipped  with  some  years' 
experience  of  record  searching  outside  his 
own  library  ;  but  until  both  possess  these 
qualifications  he  cannot  expect  inquirers  to 
contribute  for  special  searches  much  towards 
the  library  funds,  for  they  will  assuredly  be 
disappointed  at  the  result. 

GEORGE  SHERWOOD. 

210  Strand,  W.C.2. 

There  is  a  fine  collection  of  Norfolk 
items  at  the  Norwich  Public  Library  (Mr. 
Stephens).  And  the  Lowestoft  Public  Lib- 
rary (Miss  K.  Durrant)  contains  a  good 
selection  of  books  on  the  twin  counties  of 
Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  together  with  the 
interesting  MSS.  of  Mr.  William  Blyth- 
Gerish,  of  Southtown,  Great  Yarmouth, 
relating  to  Norfolk  Archseologv  and  Folk- 
lore. W.  J.  CHAMBERS. 

Clancarty,  Regent  Road,  Lowastoft. 

County  of  Suffolk.  The  Ipswich  Public 
Library  contains  a  large  collection  of  local 
books  relating  to  Ipswich  and  the  county 
generally.  I  believe  the  Suffolk  Institute 
of  Archaeology  at  Bury  St.  Edmunds  pos- 
sesses a  collection  of  books  and  MSS.  The 
Public  Library  at  Lowestoft  also  owns  a  good 
collection  of  local  bocks,  while  as  to  those  in 
private  hands,  Mr.  Milner-Gibson-Cullum, 
D.L.,  Hardwick  House,  Bury  St.  Edmunds 
has  a  fine  collection,  and  the  library  of  Mr. 
F.  A.  Crisp  at  the  Grove  Park  Press  is  a 
considerable  one  and  rich  in  MSS.,  but  now 
being  dispersed.  The  collection  of  Mr. 
H.  B.  W.  Wayman  at  Bloomsbury  is  rich 
in  rare  broadsides,  Commonwealth  quartos 
and  MSS.  J.  HARVEY  BLOOM,  M.A. 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  5, 1921. 


No  mention  has  yet  been  made  of  the 
collection  of  Lancashire  books  which  will  be 
found  in  the  Chetham's  Hospital  Library, 
Manchester,  and  the  Reference  Library  in 
that  city.  This  county  is  so  congested 
with  towns  of  considerable  size  that  most 
of  them  are  content  to  specialize  in  the 
bibliography  of  their  own  district,  and 
mention  should  be  made  of  the  collection 
of  Liverpool  literature  in  the  Public  Library 
there.  Bolton  has  gathered  together  a  big 
collection,  and  '  Bibliographia  Boltoniensis,' 
compiled  by  your  correspondent  Mr.  Sparke, 
and  published  by  the  Manchester  University 
Press,  1913,  is  a  bibliography  with  bio- 
graphical details  of  local  authors  from  1550 
to  1912,  and  books  printed  and  published 
in  the  town  from  1785.  It  is  a  quarto 
publication  of  206  pages,  and  would  serve  as 
an  excellent  model  for  anyone  who  contem- 
plates such  a  compilation.  Most  of  the 
Lancashire  towns  give  special  attention  to 
the  collection  of  local  literature. 

J.  W.  SINGLETON. 


Accrington. 


ST.  THOMAS'S  DAY  CUSTOM  (12  S.  viii. 
50). — My  maternal  grandmother,  who  came 
to  live  here  before  1828,  and  died  in  1854, 
used  to  give  sixpence  a  piece  to  poor  widows 
who  called  for  it  on  St.  Thomas's  day,  or 
had  it  sent  to  them.  A  writer  in  Hone's 
'Every  Day  Book  '  vol.  ii,  p.  1627,  calls  it 
Doleing  Day,  and  describes  doles  of  wheat, 
flannel,  loaves,  and  money,  at  Loose,  Linton, 
and  Banning,  all  near  Maidstone,  in  1825. 

Winterton,  Lines.  J-   T-  F- 

In  the  mid- Victorian  age,  impecunious 
old  women  in  Kesteven,  used  to  go  about 
begging,  or,  as  they  said,  "mumping"  on 
Dec.  21,  which  was  popularly  known  as 
Mumping  Day.  I  do  not  know  why  the 
festival  was  devoted  to  such  an  observance  ; 
nearness  to  Christmas  may  have  suggested 
the  choice,  and  the  fact  that  St.  Thomas  is 
commemorated  on  the  shortest  day  of  three 
hundred  and  sixty-five,  may  have  conduced 
to  the  patience  of  donors. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  custom  of  "going  a  Thomasing,"  as 
it  is  called,  still  survives  in  parts  of  Lincoln- 
shire. In  the  lele  of  Axhobne,  at  any  rate, 
it  is  not  confined  to  widows,  and  I  never 
heard  of  any  division  of  the  spoils.  The  old 
women  go  round  in  groups ;  at  private 
houses  they  will,  I  suppose,  usually  have 
money  given  them,  but  at  the  shops  they 
receive  small — very  small — doles  of  goods — 


a  candle  from  a  grocer  or  chandler,  for 
instance.  I  have  so  frequently  heard  a 
"St.  Thomas's  candle"  asked  for  that  I 
was  once  led  to  suppose  it  a  relic  of  the 
Catholic  custom  of  presenting  a  candle  at 
the  Saint's  shrine,  but  I  could  never  find 
any  confirmation  of  this.  A  local  news- 
paper had  a  paragraph  on  St.  Thomas  in 
December  last,  telling  the  story  of  his- 
legendary  adventures  in  India  and  con- 
necting this  custom  with  them.  If  struck 
me  as  a  rather  cheap  way  of  building 
"mansions  in  the  skies  "  to  give  a  few  old 
people  a  candle  apiece.  C.  C.  B. 

Hone  in  his  '  Every  Day  Book  '  gives  soma 
information  which  may  be  useful  to  your 
correspondent.  A  custom  at  tl;e  village  of 
Loose,  near  Maidstone,  in  1825  is  described 
of  the  poor  receiving  quantities  of  wheat,, 
and  widows  a  new  flannel  petticoat  each ; 
in  addition  donations  in  money  are  solicited,, 
and  it  is  "  no  uncommon  thing  for  a  family 
to  get  in  this  way  six  or  seven  shillings." 
A  similar  custom  was  prevalent  (c.  1825) 
in  Linton  where  the  richer  inhabitants  gaver 
their  alms  in  the  way  they  thought  best. 
The  custom  was  known  as  "Doleing  "  and 
the  day  was  called  "  Doleing-day. "  In 
some  parts  of  the  country  the  day  is  marked 
by  a  custom  among  poor  persons  of  going- 
a  gooding  that  is  to  say  (Chambers 's  '  Book 
of  Days  ')  calling  at  houses  of  richer  neigh- 
bours and  begging  a  supply  either  of  money 
or  provisions.  It  is  also  known  as  "Mumping 
(begging)  day."  In  Warwickshire  the- 
custom  is  known  as  going  a  corning,  and 
here  particularly  corn  was  solicited. 
'N.  &  Q.'  for  1857  contains  some  further 
information,  and  also  Hazlitt  in  '  Dictionary 
of  Faiths  and  Folklore,'  1905,  vol.  i.  On 
St.  Thomas's  Day,  at  Chipping,  Lancashire,, 
"Dole-sermons,"  are  preached,  and  doles  of 
money  given  to  the  poor  of  the  parish. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

This    is    an    ancient    custom    in    several 
counties.     In  Kent   it   is  called    "going  a- 
gooding  "  and  elsewhere  "  a-Thomassin,"  or 
"a  mumping,"  when  poor  people  beg  for 
money  or  provisions  for  Christmas.     Some- 
times in  return  for  the  charity  bestowed  a- 
sprig  of  holly  or  mistletoe  was  given.     This    \ 
custom  and  many  others  in  most  countries   ; 
in  Europe  took  place  chiefly  on  St.  Thomas's  ! 
Eye  (see  Clement  E.  Miles's   'Christmas  in    i 
Ritual  and  Tradition  '  and  authorities  there    ! 
quoted).  H.  HANNEN. 

West  Farleigh. 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  5, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


Dec.  21  was  observed  as  "Begging-Day  " 
in  North  Devon  within  my  recollection. 
It  was  customary  to  solicit  from  the  farmers 
a  penny.  BRUCE  Me  WILLIAM. 

38  Gains  Road,  Southsea. 

DR.  WELLS  :  PAPER  ON  '  THE  DEW  AND 
SINGLE  VISION  '  (12  S.  viii.  70). — The 
reference  is  probably  to  'Essays  on  Vision, 
and  on  Dew,'  by  Dr.  William  Charles  Wells, 
F.R.S.  These  were  published  in  1818  and 
reprinted  in  1821.  The  'Essay  on  Dew' 
was  reprinted  with  annotations  in  1866 
(Longmans,  Green,  Reader  &  Dyer).  It  is 
an  account  of  a  long  series  of  experiments 
on  the  formation  of  dew.  Dr.  Wells  pub- 
lished many  works  on  medical,  philosophical 
and  biographical  subjects.  A  list  of  these 
is  given  in  the  'Essays  on  Vision,  and  on 
Dew.'  A.  WHTTAKER. 

Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge. 

William  Charles  Wells  (1757-1817),  physi- 
cian, published  in  1792  an  'Essay  upon 
Single  Vision  with  two  Eyes  ' ;  in  Philoso- 
phical Transactions,  1811,  a  paper  on 
'Vision';  in  1814  'Essay  on  Dew' 
(amended  by  Aitken).  Sir  John  Herschel 
in  his  '  Preliminary  Discourse  on  the  Study 
of  Natural  Philosophy,'  part  2,  chap,  vi., 
pars.  163-9,  pp.  159-164,  gives  a  good 
account  of  it.  J.  S.  Mill  in  his  'Logic,' 
vol.  i.,  bk.  iii.  'Of  Induction,'  chap,  ix., 
sec.  3,  reproduces  most  of  Herschel's  account 
interspersed  with  scientific  elaboration  based 
on  his  own  methods  or  canons  of  induction. 

W.  DOUGLAS. 

31  Sandwich  Street,  W.C.I. 

THE  GREEN  MAN,  ASHBOURNE  (12  S.  viii.  29, 
77). — The  Green  Man  as  the  sign  of  an  inn 
originated  from  the  green  costume  of  game- 
keepers. It  sometimes  happened  that  when 
the  head  gamekeeper  gave  up  his  legitimate 
occupation  he  would  take  unto  himself  an 
inn,  and  start  a  new  business  on  his  own 
account,  and  would  adopt  as  a  trade  sign 
the  name  he  was  best  kncwn  by,  viz.,  "  The 
Green  Man."  The  inn  at  Leytonstone,  on 
the  borders  of  Epping  Forest,  was  probably 
so  called  from  one  of  the  forest-keepers 
with  their  old-time  green  costume. 

Originally,  no  doubt,  the  sign  represented 
the  green-clad  morris-dancers  of  the  shows 
and  pageants  of  medieval  times.  The  Green 
Man  at  Leyton  is  mentioned  in  the  'Trials 
of  Swan  and  Jeffries  '  in  1752,  while  the  Green 
Man  at  Leytonstone  is  mentioned  by  Daniel 
Defoe  in  his  '  Tour  through  Great  Britain, ' 
first  published  in  1724,  and- both  are  marked 


on    Roque's     'Map    of    Ten    Miles    round 
London,'  published  in  1741. 

Mrs.  F.  B.  Palliser  in  her  'Historic- 
Devices,  Badges,  &c.,'  p.  386,  says  : — 

"  Queen  Anne  bore,  as  one  of  the  supporters  of 
her  arms,  one  of  the  savage  men,  wreathed  with 
ivy  and  bearing  clubs,  of  Denmark,  since  desig- 
nated and  adopted  for  an  inn-sign  at  the  Green 
Man." 

For  further  information  see   'The  Trade 
Signs  of  Essex,'  by  Miller  Christy,  p.   137,. 
The    Essex    Review,    vol.    xi.    p.     142    and 
vol.  xiv.  p.  143.        GHAS.  HALL  GROUCH. 

South  Woodford. 

Anent  MR.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR'S  note,, 
The  Ashbourne  News  tells  us  in  a  recent 
issue  how — 

"  The  Ashbourne  Shrovetide  Football  Com* 
mittee  are  making  arrangements  for  this  year's 
celebration  to  take  place  on  Feb.  8  and  9,  and 
they  hope  to  be  able  to  announce  the  names  of 
the  gentlemen  who  will  have  the  honour  of 
starting  the  game  on  each  day." 

I  may  mention  that  the  practice  of  play- 
ing football  in  the  streets  is  not  confined  to 
this  old  Derbyshire  town.  It  certainly  still, 
obtains,  or  at  any  rate  did  do  so,  in  the 
High  Street  of  Dorking,  Surrey,  and  I  think, 
in  other  places.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

This  sign  probably  represents  a  forester 
or  park-keeper.  There  is  a  wayside  inn- 
with  this  sign  near  the  Broyle,  an  ancient 
chase  or  park  at  Ringmer,  some  three  miles 
from  Lewes.  According  to  Lower  the- 
Sussex  antiquary — 

"  This  house  was  formerly  kept  by  the  ranger 
or  keeper  of  that  enclosure,  and  at  one  time  had 
a  sign  which  represented  a  stalwart  man  in  bis 
foresters  suit  of  green." 


Lewes. 


JOHN  PATCHING. 


This  paragraph  was  in  a  local  newspaper 
of  March,  1917  : — 

"  The  historic  property  known  as  the  Green  Man 
Hotel,  Ashbourne,  has  been  sold  by  auction.  Ihe 
hostelry  is  more  familiar  to  the  older  than  the  pre- 
sent generation  of  Burtonians  by  reason  of  the  fact 
that  prior  to  the  advent  of  the  North- Western  line 
from  Ashbourne  and  beyond  visitors  to  Dovedale 
made  the  hotel  the  jumping-off  ground  for  the 
famous  resort,  engaging  conveyances  for  the  journey 
by  road,  unless  they  preferred  to  walk  the  live  miles. 
Old  documents  show  that  the  site  was  originally 
that  of  the  old  Ashbourne  Theatre  or  "  playhouse. 
In  time  past  this  was  leased  by  Mr.  Stan  ton,  who 
during  the  Ashbourne  theatrical  season  lived  at  the 
CJreen  Hall,  and  his  stock  company  comprised  many 
of  the  leading  actors  and  actresses  of  the  day. 
Most  of  the  well-known  exponents  played  at  the 
Ashbourne  Theatre,  and  amongst  the  actresses  were 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vni.FEB.6,i9si. 


Madame  Vestris,  and  Harriet  Mellon,  who  married 
Mr.  Child  the  banker,  and  afterwards  the  Duke  of 
8t.  Albans.  In  her  memoirs  she  makes  frequent 
references  to  this  and  particularly  to  the  Green  Man 
Hotel,  and  narrates  how  she  always  looked  forward 
to  a  favourite  dish  of  hers  which  was  served  there." 
—  Burton  Chronicle. 

Firth's  '  Highways  and  Byways  in  Derby- 
shire '  (1908),  says  : — 

"  The  Green  Man  still  survives  ....  though,  as 
the  sign  declares,  which  projects  a  long  arm  towards 
•the  opposite  houses,  it  has  taken  to  itself  the  addi- 
tional name  of  the  '  Black's  Head  '  .  .  .  the  original 
"*  Black's  Head'  was  an  old  posting  house  a  little 
higher  up  the  street,  and  its  business  was  taken  over 
by  the  '  Green  Man.'  " 

Hobson's  'History  and  Topography  of 
Ashbourn,'  1839,  at  p.  96,  sets  out  a  letter 
of  invitation,  Sept.  9,  1741,  from  Jo.  Allsop, 
Recorder,  for  the  annual  feast  at  the  Black's 
Head,  to  dine  with  the  mayor,  Sir  Nathaniel 
••Curzon,  and  assist  in  choosing  his  successor. 
Ashbourne  was  never  a  corporate  town ; 
but  the  holding  of  the  gathering  at  the  inn 
named  suggests  its  one-time  importance. 

W.  B.  H. 

CHATTERTON'S  APPRENTICESHIP  TO  LAM- 
BERT (12  S.  viii.  31). — 'Homes  and  Haunts 
of  the  British  Poets,'  by  William  Howitt 
(1847),  has  concerning  the  above  period  : — 

"  Here  Chatterton's  life  was  the  life  of  insult 
and  degradation . .  .  .Twelve  hours  he  was  chained 
to  the  office,  i.e.,  from  8  in  the  morning  to  8  at 
night,  dinner  hour  only  excepted  ;  and  in  the 
house  he  was  confined  to  the  Kitchen,  slept  with 
the  foot-boy,  and  was  subjected  to  indignities  of 
a  like  nature,  at  which  bis  pride  rebelled,  and  by 
•which  his  temper  was  embittered." 

This  corrobates  the  account  in  the  '  D.N.B. ' 

W.  B.  H. 

PORTRAIT  OF  LORD  MONTE AGLE  (12  S. 
vii.  509). — This  portrait  is  No.  431  in  the 
•Catalogue  of  the  first  special  exhibition  of 
National  Portraits  to  James  II.,  on  loan  to 
the  South  Kensington  Museum,  April,  1866  : 
painter,  Van  Somer  ;  lent  by  Mr.  John  Webb. 
Mr.  Webb  lent  three  other  portraits,  the 
subjects  being  of  somewhat  earlier  dates. 
jNb  address  appears,  nor  does  the  owner's 
name  occur  as  having  lent  to  the  later 
exhibitions  in  May,  1867,  and  April,  1868. 

W.  B.  H. 

LORETTO  (12  S.  viii.  48). — There  is  a 
Loretto  in  Styria,  Austria,  but  it  is  better 
<known  as  Maria  Zell.  It  lies  in  the  valley 
of  th,e  Salza  amid  the  N.  Styrian  Alps.  Its 
entire  claim  tc  notice  lies  in  the  fact  that 
it  is  the  most  venerated  and  most  frequented 
sanctuary  in  Austria,  being  visited  annually 


by  some  200,000  pilgrims.  The  object  of 
veneration  is  a  miracle-working  image  of 
the  Virgin,  carved  in  limewood  and.  about 
18  in.  high.  This  was  presented  in  1157 
and  is  now  enshrined  in  a  chapel  or  loretto 
lavishly  adorned  with  silver  and  many 
costly  marbles.  The  large  church  of  which 
this  shrine  or  loretto  forms  part,  was  built 
in  1644,  and  the  shrine-chapel  was  incor- 
porated in  it.  See  M.  M.  Rabenlehrer 
'Maria  Zell,  Oesterreich's  Loreto  (Austria's 
Loreto),'  Vienna,  1900.  The  name  "  loretto" 
or  "lorets  "  is  bestowed  on  several  places, 
that  in  Italy  being  "The  Holy  House" 
("  Santa  Casa  ")  said  to  be  the  actual  house 
of  the  Virgin  transported  thither  by  super- 
natural means.  All  the  other  lorettos  are 
places  where  statues  (more  or  less  celebrated 
and  visited)  of  the  Virgin  are  preserved. 
Maria  Zell  is  the  place  name  and  loretto  is 
the  title  of  the  shrine  or  chapel  itself. 

F.  J.  ELLIS. 

COUNTESS  MACNAMARA  (12  S.  viii.  49). — 
She  was  a  Scotch  lady  and  generally  under- 
stood tc  have  been  the  mistress  of  Charles  X. 
(of  France).  Her  title  of  Countess  was  a 
' '  creation  ' '  of  the  King  of  Naples.  She 
followed  .Charles  X.  in  his  exile  after  the 
revolution  of  1830,  and  lived  with  him  at 
Holyrood.  During  the  early  part  of  the 
reign  of  the  Orleanist  King  Louis  Philippe 
it  was  frequently  asserted  in  the  Parisian 
newspapers  that  she  was  secretly  married 
(morganatiquement)  to  the  last  Legitimist 
King  of  France.  There  are  some  of  her 
autograph  letters  (in  English  and  French) 
in  existence  written  on  behalf  of  Charles  X. 
ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

"  OVER  AGAINST  CATHERINE  STREET  IN 
THE  STRAND  "  (12  S.  vii.  321,  378). — Since 
contributing  the  note  at  the  first  reference 
I  have  remarked  the  following  advertisement 
in  The  London  Journal  of  Feb.  2,  1722/3  : — 

"The  Cambrick  Chamber  is  removed  from  St. 
Martin's  the  Grand  to  Mr.  Tho.  Atkins  up  one  pair 
of  stairs  at  the  sign  of  the  Buchanan  Head,  a  book- 
seller's shop,  the  corner  of  Milford  Lane  over 
against  St.  Clement's  Church  in  the  Strand  where 

there  is  to  be  sold  the  finest  cambrick " 

The  'D.N.B.'  states  that  Andrew  Millar 
came  to  London  about  1729.  It  would 
seem  therefore  that  Millar  not  only  tcok  the 
sign  with  him  when  he  removed  to  premises 
west  of  Somerset  House  but  had  acquired 
it  from  a  predecessor  in  business. 

J.    P.    DE    C. 


12  s.  vni.  FEB,  5,1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


ST.  LEONARD'S  PRIORY  (12  S.  vi.  90,  160, 
178  ;  viii,  34). — In  reply  to  MR.  O.  G.  S.  CRAW- 
FORD'S query  at  the  last  reference  the  remains 
of  this  building  are  not  these  of  a  priory, 
mit  of  a  barn  (spicarium)  which  the  Cistercians 
of  Beaulieu  erected  to  store  their  harvest  on 
this  part  of  their  estate.  Quite  close  to  the 
ruins  of  this  great  barn  are  the  ruins  of  St. 
Leonard's  Chapel,  which  was  built  for  the 
iise  of  the  lay  brothers  or  conversi,  who 
worked  this  part  of  the  monastic  property. 
^The  ruins  of  this  chapel  have  doubtless  given 
rise  to  the  idea  that  it  was  a  priory.  The 
Oistercians  were  great  agriculturists  and 
-employed  lay  brothers  to  till  their  estates. 
Eventually  the  lay  brothers  were  done 
away  with  and  hired  labourers  took  their 
place.  These  monastic  estates  were  known 
as  "granges,"  hence  this  property  is  cor- 
rectly described  as  St.  Leonard's  Grange. 

J.  HAUTENVILLE  COPE, 
Editor,  Proceedings,  Hampshire  Field  Club. 

ARMORIAL  BEARINGS  UPON  TOMBS  (12  S. 
vii.  450,  495). — George  Canning  would  appear 
also  to  have  missed  the  true  meaning  of  the 
verb  "to  blazon."  The  last  two  lines  of 
the  *  Fragment  of  an  Oration,'  on  p.  149  of 
"*  Lyra  Elegantiarum, '  read  thus  : — • 

My  name  shall  shine  bright  as  my  ancestors' shines, 
Mine  recorded  in  journals,  his  blazoned  on  signs  ! 

J.  R.  H. 

HAMILTONS  AT  HOLYROOD  (12  S.  vii.  110, 
172). — In  The  Edinburgh  Advertiser,  dated 
Feb.  20,  1789,  appears  the  following  notice 
•under  deaths  : — 

"At  Stockholm,  Count  Gustavus  David  Hamil- 
ton, Field  Marshal  of  Sweden,  aged  90.  He 
entered  the  Army  in  1716,  and  has  been  in  several 
<chief  battles,  under  different  powers,  since  that 
time." 

Was  the  Countess  Margaret  Hamilton 
(the  subject  of  the  above  references)  the 
daughter  of  the  Field  Marshal  ?  And  who 
were  his  parents  ?  Burke  does  not  en- 
lighten me.  JAS.  SETON- ANDERSON. 
39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

FRANKINCENSE  (12  S.  viii.  29,  72). — The 
following  facts  on  the  use  of  incense  in  Ely 
"Cathedral  are  to  be  found  on  p.  87,  '  Cathe- 
drals of  England  and  Wales,'  by  Bumpus. 

Incense  was  burnt  at  the  High  Altar  on 
the  great  festivals  UD  to  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  Dean  Warburton  dis- 
continued the  use  of  the  cope  at  Durham 
about  1780,  because  it  discomposed  his  wig. 
Minor  Canon  Metcalfe  and  Prebendary 


Green  at  Ely  persuaded  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  to  discontinue  the  use  of  incense, 
the  former  because  he  was  troubled  with 
asthmatic  tendencies  and  the  latter,  a 
"finical  man,"  because  it  spoiled  the  odour 
of  his  snuff,  to  which  titillating  compound 
he  had,  in  common  with  many  of  his  clerical 
brethren  of  that  day,  an  excessive  partiality. 

Again,  the  following  extracted  from 
Aubrey's  'Natural  History  and  Antiquities 
of  Surrey,'  1718  (vol.  ii.  pp.  179-180)  is  of 
interest.  Aubrey  is  writing  on  the  monu- 
ments in  Carshalt on  Church  and  says  : — 

"  On  the  S.  wall  on  a  black  marble  enchas'd 
in  white  are  arms  an  urn  or,  and  in  capitals  is  this 
inscription  : — • 

M.  S. 

Under  the  middle  stone,  that  guards  the  Ashes 
of  a  certaine  Fryer,  sometime  Vicar  of  this  Place, 
is  raked  up  the  Dust  of  William  Quelche,  B.D., 
who  ministered  in  the  same  since  the  Beforma- 
cion.  His  Lott  was,  through  God's  mercy  to 
burn  Incense  here  about  30  Years,  and  ended  his 
course,  Aprill  the  10.  An.  Dni.  1654,  being 
aged  64  Years. 

1.  Beg.  13.  31. 
Quos  bifrons  templo  divisit  cultus  in  uno 

Pacificus  tumulus  jam  facit  esse  pares. 
Felix  ilia  dies,  qua  tellus  semina  solvit, 

Quae  placidae  fidei  regia  condit  humo. 
Hie   'sumus     ambo     pares,     donee     cineremque 
fidemque 

Discutiat  reddens  Christus  utrique  suum. 
Those  whome  a  twofac'd  service  here  made  twaine* 
At  length,  a  friendly  Grave  makes  one  agayne. 
Happy  that  day  that  hides  our  Sinfull  Jarrs, 
That  shuts  up  all  our  shame  in  Earthen  Barrs. 
Here  let  us  sleepe  as  one,  till  Christe  the  Juste 
Shall  sever,  both  our  service,  Faith  and  Duste. 

Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents 
could  say  whether  this  tomb  and  inscription 
still  exist  in  Carshalton  Church. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

294  Worple  Boad,  Wimbledon. 

AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE  ARCHIVES  (12  S. 
viii.  66). — It  may  be  of  interest  to  mention 
that  I  have  an  inventory  dated  1556  of  the 
goods  and  chattels  of  Hugh  Raynolds, 
deceased,  late  of  Strat ford-on- Avon,  ap- 
praised by  Awdryan  Quyney,  William 
Mynse(?),  Francis  Barse  (?  Barfe),  John 
Burbage,  and  Richard  Symonds. 

The  inventory,  which  is  of  interest  as 
enumerating  the  furniture  and  belongings 
of  a  prosperous  citizen  of  the  period  and 
the  values  set  upon  them,  I  propose  to 
publish  in  the  Antiquarian  column  of  The 
Evesham  Journal  :  and  afterwards  to  present 
it  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Shakespeare  house 
at  Str&tford-on-Avon. 

CHARLES  S.  TOMES. 

Welbeck  House,  Wigmore  Street,  W. 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  5, 1921. 


LONDON  COACHING  AND  CARRIERS'  INNS 
IN  1732  (12  S.  viii.  61). — With  reference  to 
the  carriers  from  Blossoms  Inn,  Lawrence 
Lane,  referred  to  at  ante,  p.  62,  I  see  that 
MR.  DE  CASTRO  translates  "  Stopport  "  as 
"Southport."  I  hardly  think  that  this  can 
be  correct,  seeing  that  the  site  of  Southport, 
in  those  days,  was  merely  a  sweep  of  barren 
sandhills. 

Having  regard  to  the  fact  that  the 
carriers  on  the  same  day  accepted  goods  for 
Manchester  and  Sandbach,  it  seems  to  me 
that,  from  the  geographical  point  of  view, 
"  Stopport  "  is  obviously  Stockport. 

T.  A.  KENYON. 

31  Derby  Road,  Soutbport. 

LADY  ANNE  GRAHAM  (12  S.  viii.  70). — 
It  may  interest  MR.  JOHN  D.  LE  COUTEUR 
to  know  that,  among  my  family  archives, 
there  is  a  letter  written  to  a  great-grand- 
father of  mine  by  John  Dolbel,  of  Jersey, 
under  date  July  20,  1813.  This  document, 
which  was  printed  for  the  first  time  in  The 
Connoisseur  (January,  1915),  describes  in 
some  detail  the  experiences  of  the  writer's 
son,  Cornet  Dolbel,  in  the  affair  at  Morales 
(Peninsula  War),  June  2,  1813. 

In  addition  to  other  amplifying  facts, 
I  am  indebted  to  Col.  Harold  Malet,  the 
learned  historian  of  the  18th  Hussars,  for 
a  note  that  young  Dolbel  broke  his  neck  by 
falling  from  his  horse  in  March,  1814. 

It  transpires,  from  the  letter  in  question, 
that  my  great-grandfather  saved  Cornet 
Dolbel' s  life  on  some  occasion,  although  no 
other  mention  of  such  an  action  has  been 
transmitted  to  me.  F.  GORDON  ROE. 

Arts  Club,  40  Dover  Street,  W.I. 

NEW  STYLE  (12  S.  viii.  68). — It  is  curious 
that  Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  in  his  'Chronology 
of  History,'  1838,  should  have  twice  tripped 
up  over  the  date  when  the  change  in  the 
calendar  became  effective  in  England.  On 
page  41  he  gives  it  as  "  1753,"  and  on 
p.  48  as  "1752."  Both  dates  are  shown 
to  be  wrong  by  the  abstract  of  the  Act  oJ 
Parliament,  24  George  II.  c.  23,  which  he 
prints,  and  which  expressly  provided  thai 
it  should  come  into  operation  on  the  day 
following  Dec.  31,  1751.  This  was,  o 
course,  Jan.  1  of  the  same  year  (1751)  by 
the  Old  Style,  which  became  Jan.  1,  1752 
New  Style.  There  was  some  corre 
spondence  on  this  point  in  The  Time^ 
Literary  Supplement  last  year  (1919,  pp.  110 
126,  152,  and  184),  from  which  it  appear: 
that  the  bill  passed  the  House  of  Common 


n    "Mar.    27,    1751  "    (or  rather   Mar.    27,. 

1750,  O.S.),  and  received  the  royal  assent 
•n  May  22,  1751.  It  was  therefore  the  Act 
>f  1751.  Haydn's  'Dictionary  of  Dates' 
Correctly  gives  the  date  of  the  change  as 
'1751."  Apparently  the  New  Style  was 
n  more  or  less  popular  use  before  the  date 
f  that  Act  of  Parliament,  and  was  gradually 

superseding  the  old  legal  year  which  com- 
menced on  Mar.  25.  It  is  easy  to  see, 
therefore,  that  in  default  of  evidence  as  to 

which    style    is    made    use    of,    errors    may 

easily  arise.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
uiow  how  far  this  was  the  case.  On 

Mar.  25  as  New  Year  day,  see  10  S.  vi.  268. 
FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

VOUCHER = RAILWAY  TICKET  (12  S.  vii. 
510;  viii.  36,  74). — Regulations  of  the  Grand 
Junction  Railroad  Company  :— 

"  Booking. — There  will  be  no  booking  places 
except  at  the  Company's  Offices  at  the  respective 
stations.  Bach  Booking  Ticket  for  the  first- 
class  trains  is  numbered  to  correspond  with  the 
seat  taken.  The  places  by  the  mixed  trains  are 
not  numbered.  "(Freeling's  Grand  Junction  Ball- 
way  *  Companion  '  to  '  Liverpool,  Manchester  and 
Birmingham  Guide,'  1838)." 

A.  H.  W.  FYNMORE. 

Arundel. 

GREY  IN  SENSE  OF  BROWN  (12  S.  viii.  68). 

The  modern  French  term  for  brown  bread,. 

pain  bis,  refers  to  quality  more  than  colour,, 
thus,  white  (best  or  first)  =  1  ;  darker  (or 
seconds)  =  1  bis,  and  the  Ater  panis  of 
1437-38  called  panes  grisei  had  doubtless  the- 
same  meaning. 

As  regards  the  German  grau,  which  is 
said  often  to  mean  "  brown,"  would  J.  T.  F. 
kindly  give  us  one  or  two  examples. 

HENRY  W.  BUSH. 

Helenslea,  Beckenham,  Kent. 

CHRISTMAS  PUDDING  AND  MINCE  PIE 
(12  S.  viii.  70). — The  mince  pie  appears  to 
be  of  greater  antiquity  than  the  plum- 
pudding.  Mince  pies  are,  I  believe,  men- 
tioned by  Selden  who  says  the  crust  wa* 
intended  to  represent  the  manger  in  which 
the  Holy  Child  was  laid.  They  were  made 
with  mutton  or  ox-tongue  and  the  same- 
ingredients  as  are  now  used.  Herrick  men- 
tions the  Christmas  pie. 

Plum-pudding  is  the  descendant  of  plum 
pottage  or  plum-broth  made  by  boiling  bee: 
or  mutton  with  broth  thickened  with  brown 
bread;  when  half  boiled,  raisins,  currants, 
prunes,  cloves,  mace  and  ginger  were  added, , 
Plum-broth  is  mentioned  in  'Poor  Robins 


12  s.  viii.  FEB.  5, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


Almanac  '  for  1750  among  items  of  Christ- 
mas fare.     There  is  a  recipe  in  Mrs.  Frazer's 

*  Cookery    Book,'    1791.     Plum-pudding    is 
mentioned  in  The  Tatter. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  both 
^plum-broth  and  mince  pies  were  distasteful 
to  Quakers  and  Puritans.  C.  G.  N. 

STONEHENGE  (12  S.  viii.  71). — This  belief 
as  to  the  origin  of  Stonehenge  is  expressed, 
in  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's  'History  of  the 
Britons  '  (temp.  Stephen). 

Inigo  Jones  was  commissioned  by  James  I. 
to  examine  and  report  on  Stonehenge.  His 
"Conclusion  was  that  the  masses  of  stone  were 
;the  remains  of  a  Roman  Temple. 

C.  G.  N. 

There  is  no  mystery  about  John  Speed. 
He  was  born  in  Cheshire  about  1555,  and 
>devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  English 
History  and  antiquities.  Having  no  truck 
with  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  and  other 
fabulists,  he  commenced  at  once  with  solid 
and  rational  matter,  as  has  been  said  of  him. 
The  map  referred  to  by  your  correspondent 
is  no  doubt  a  copy  of  the  map  of  Wiltshire 
in  Speed's  'Theatre  of  the  Empire  of  Great 
Britain '  having  Stonehenge  engraved  in  a 
-corner,  with  the  inscription  quoted  by 
Mr,  BRADBURY,  beneath  it.  Speed  wrote 
further  a  'History of  Britain,'  1614,  in  which 
he  again  takes  up  the  problem  of  Stonehenge. 
He  died  in  1629,  and  while  he  probably 
settled  the  matter  to  his  own  satisfaction,  it 
:seems  to  have  been  done  after  timely 
deliberation  and  thought — by  Speed,  (Mr. 
BRADBURY  began  the  play  on  the  word.)  yet 
without  haste.  His  son  John  Speed,  M.A., 
M.D.  wrote  'Stonebenge,  a  Pastoral,'  which 
was  acted  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford, \but 
seems  not  to  have  been  printed.  Can  it  be 
said  that,  with  its  bibliography  of  some 
thousand  volumes,  there  was  ever  a  popular 
belief  in  regard  to  the  origin  of  Stonehenge  ? 
See  'Stonehenge  and  its  Barrows,'  by 
Wm.  Long,  F.S.A.,  1876,  Devizes,  &c. 

J.  L.  ANDERSON. 

Edinburgh. 

This     map    appeared    in     John    Speed's 

*  Theatre  of  the  Empire  of  Great  Britaine,' 
first   edition,   1611.     The    quotation   is    in- 
complete and  not  quite  accurate.     A  very 
useful   handbook,  '  Stonehenge  To-day  and 
Yesterday,'  has  been  written  by  Mr.  Frank 
Stevens,  Curator  of  the  Salisbury  Museum, 
and     published,    1916,    by    Sampson    Low, 
Marston   &  Co.,  Ltd. 

PRESCOTT  Row. 


"To  OUTRUN  THE  CONSTABLE"  (12  S. 
viii.  29,  58,  97). — The  reference  to  Ray's 
'Proverbs,'  2nd  edition,  1678,  at  the  last 
reference  is  incorrect.  The  proverb  is  to  be 
found  on  p.  236  of  that  edition  with  the  ex- 
planation: "To  spend  more  than  one's 
allowance  or  income." 

DE  V.  PAYEN-PAYNE. 

THE  TRAGEDY  OF  NEW  ENGLAND  (12  S. 
vii.  446,  493  ;  viii.  16). — A  short  note  to  the 
ballad  '  Cassandra  Southwick  '  by  Whittier 
the  American  poet  appears  in  a  new  edition 
of  his  works  published  in  England  in  1861. 
It  is  therein  stated  that : — 

"  The  son  and  daughter  of  Laurence  Southwick 
were  fined  £10  each  for  non-attendance  at  Church 
which  they  were  unable  to  pay.  The  Court  at 
Boston  issued  an  order  which  may  still  be  seen 
on  the  Court  Records  bearing  the  signature  of 
Edward  Bawson  the  Secretary  by  which  the 
Treasurer  of  the  County  was  empowered  to  sell 
the  said  persons  to  any  of  the  English  Nation  at 
Virginia  or  Barbadoes  to  answer  the  said  fines. 
An  attempt  was  made  to  carry  this  order  into 
execution,  but  no  shipmaster  was  found  willing 
to  convey  them  to  the  West  Indies.  Vide  Sewell's 
History,  pp.  225-6." 

Upon  this  incident  Whit  tier's  ballad  was 
founded.  Z. 

WIDEAWAKE  HATS  (12  S.  vii.  28,  157,  171, 
198,  214,  238,  316).— The  following  paragraph 
is  from  p.  41  of  '  Paul  Periwinkle  or  the  Press - 
gang,'  by  the  author  of  'Cavendish'  (W. 
Johnson  Neale),  published  1841,  and  carries 
the  origin  of  the  phrase  to  an  earlier  date 
than  any  yet  given  in  '  N.  &  Q. ' : — 

"  Jonathan  replied  that  his  hat  was  like  him- 
self— wide  awake,  and  that  he  held  it  on  a  tenure 
somewhat  similar  to  that  by  which  the  Lombard 
kings  did  their  iron  crowns." 

J.  B. 

Croydon. 

EMERSON'S  'ENGLISH  TRAITS  '  (12  S.  vi. 
9,  228). — At  No.  22  of  the  first  reference  the 
words  attributed  to  Nelson  are  from  his 
description  of  "a  brush  with  the  enemy  " 
before  the  fortress  of  Bastia  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Corsica,  in  the  year  1794. 

"  A  thousand  men  would  certainly  take  Bastia  ; 
with  five  hundred  and  Agamemnon  I  would 
attempt  it.  My  seamen  are  now  what  British 
seamen  ought  to  be,  almost  invincible.  They 
really  mind  shot  no  more  than  peas."  Southey: 
4  Life  of  Nelson,'  chapter  iii. 

No.  11,  at  the  second  reference, 

"  The  English  are  those  '  barbarians  '  of 
3  amblichus,  who  '  are  stable  in  their  manners,  and 
firmly  continue  to  employ  the  same  words,  which 
also  are  dear  to  the  gods.'  " 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  S.VIII.FBB.  5,1921. 


The  Greek  original  is  in  lamblichus's 
'De  mysteriis  Aegyptiorum,'  Section  7, 
near  the  end  of  the  fifth  chapter : — 

Ba/o/3apoi  $€  yotovt/xot  TOIS  yOto-iv  ovres  KOU 
rots  Aoyois  /?e/2ai(os  TOIS  ai'Tots  e/x/xevovcri' 
avroi  re  etcri  Trpoo-^jtAet?  TOIS  $€<H?  KCU 
Adyovs  aTJTOis  Trpo<r<f>€povo-i  Keyapivukvovs. 
lamblichus  is  discussing  the  rites  of  the 
barbarian,  that  is  non-Hellenic,  nations  of 
the  Egyptians,  Assyrians,  and  Persians ; 
especially  the  Egyptians. 

EDWABD  BENSLY. 

DANIEL  DEFOE  IN  THE  PILLORY  (12  S' 
viii.  12,  78). — In  spite  of  the  familiar  line  in 
the  '  Dunciad  '  (ii.  147)  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  Defoe  did  not  suffer  mutilation.  Mr. 
W.  J.  Courthope,  commenting  on  this 
passage,  Pope's  'Works,'  vol.  iv.,  p.  329, 
writes : — 

"  Daniel  Defoe  never  lost  his  ears,  though  Pope, 
by  comparing  him  to  Prynne  in  Book  i.  103,  seems 
to  insist  on  the  fact." 

•    The  writer  of  the  article  on  Defoe  in  '  The 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  says  that  Pope 
"knew  that  the  sentence  to  the  pillory  had  long 
ceased  to  entail  the  loss  of  ears." 

Defoe  had  been  found  guilty  of  a  seditious 
libel,  the  performance  in  question  being  his 
pamphlet  '  The  Shortest  Way  with  the 
Dissenters.'  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

(12  S.  viii,  72.) 

1.  These  lines  in  their  correct  form,  are  found 
in  the  anonymous  life  of  Samuel  Butler  prefixed 
to  the  1704  edition  of  '  Hudibras,'  and  reprinted 
in  several  later  editions. 

"  There  are  some  Verses,  which  for  Reason  of 
State,  easie  to  be  guess'd  at,  were  thought  fit  to 
be  omitted  in  the  first  Impression,  as  these  which 
follow  : — 

Did  not  the  Learned  Glyn  and  Maynard, 
To  make  good  Subjects  Traitors  strain  hard, 
Was  not  the  King  by  Proclamation, 
Declar'd  a  Traitor  thro'  the  Nation?  " 
They  do  not  appear  in  any  impression  of  the 
poem  itself. 

This  '  Life,'  "  according  to  Oldys,  was  written 
by  one  Sir  James  Astrey,  a  learned  lawyer  who 
resided  at  Wood  Green,  Harlington,  in  Bedford- 
shire, and  published  an  edition  of  Spelman's 
Glossary  with  his  life."  (R.  Brimley  Johnson's 
edition  of  Samuel  Butler's  Poetical  Works, 
vol.  i.  p.  xxix.)  EDWABD  BENSLY. 

3.  The  last  stanza  in  Dryden's  poem  '  On  the 
Young  Statesmen.'     It  run  correctly  thus  : — 
So  have  I  seen  a  King  at  Chess 

(His  Rooks  and  Knights  withdrawn) 
His  Queen  and  Bishops  hi  distress 
Shifting  about,  grow  less  and  less, 
With  here  and  there  a  Pawn. 

H.  DAVEY. 


TERCENTENARY  HANDLIST  OF  NEWSPAPERS 
(12  S.  viii.  91). — The  date  of  The  Cirencester 
Flying  Post  on  p.  92  (col.  2, 1.  12)  should  read  1744r 
not  1774.  ROLAND  AUSTIN. 


The  Burford  Records :   a  Study  in  Minor   Town 

Government.     By     R.      H.      Gretton,     M.B.E, 

(Clarendon  Press,  42s.  net). 

BOOKS  about  the  beautiful  old  Cotswold  town  of 
Burford  are  becoming  fairly  numerous.  In  1861 
the  Rev.  John  Fisher,  who  was  curate  there  r 
wrote  a  short  history  of  the  place.  More  recently 
Mr.  Wm.  J.  Monk,  a  local  antiquary,  produced  a 
'  History  of  Burford,'  and  several  other  guide- 
books and  notes.  In  1905  Dr.  Hutton,  now  the 
Dean  of  Winchester,  published  his  '  Burford 
Papers  ' — letters  to  Mrs.  Gast  who  lived  in  the 
Great  House  there,  from  her  brother  Samuel  Crisp 
of  London,  the  friend  of  Fanny  Burney  who  con- 
stantly comes  hi  to  their  pages.  Last  year  Mrs. 
Sturge  Gretton  produced  '  Burford  :  Past  and 
Present,'  a  delightful  volume,  fit  companion  to 
her  charming  '  Three  Centuries  in  North  Oxford- 
shire,' based  upon  her  husband's  larger  book 
which,  so  long  awaited  by  lovers  of  Burford^ 
has  now  seen  the  light. 

Mr.  Gretton  has  undertaken  a  very  arduous 
task  and  has  performed  it  well.  The  large  volume 
of  over  700  pages  which  the  Clarendon  Press  has 
just  published  consists  of  a  study  of  the  history 
of  the  Burford  Corporation,  based  on  the  town's 
records,  together  with  chapters  on  local  history 
and  topography,  the  Manor,  the  Priory,  and  the 
Church,  the  last  from  the  pen  of  the  vicar,  the 
Rev.  Wm.  C.  Emeris.  The  second  half  of  the 
book  is  a  classification  and  transcription  of  the 
local  documents,  enriched  by  many  other  records 
and  extracts  from  the  Public  Record  Office,  the 
British  Museum,  the  Bodleian  Library,  and  the 
muniments  of  Brasenose  College,  together  with 
the  Burford  and  Upton  Enclosure  Awards. 

Mr.  Gretton's  critical  study  of  the  rise  and 
decay  of  the  Corporation  is  admirably  done. 
The  original  grant  of  liberties  to  Burford  is  the 
earliest  dated  instance  of  the  establishment  of  a 
gild  merchant,  the  first  charter  in  the  name  of 
Robert  FitzHamon  having  been  granted  some- 
time between  1088  and  1107.  It  included  also 
"  the  liberties  customary  in  the  setting  up  of  a 
borough....  and  other 'free  customs  '—in  this  case 
the  free  customs  of  the  men  of  Oxford."  The  author 
adduces  reasons  for  believing  that  the  bestowal 
of  these  liberties  arose  from  the  desire  of  Robert 
FitzHamon  to  make  this  outlying  manor  of  his 
possessions  a  source  of  monetary  revenue  ;  the 
motive  was  not  apparently  given  by  the  in- 
habitants of  the  place.  An  examination  of  the 
charters  granted  to  the  town  shows  that  the  two 
Royal  charters  are  not  strictly  charters  granted 
to  the  inhabitants  of  Burford  but  Royal  con- 
firmations of  manorial  grants.  The  privileges 
and  liberties  secured  by  other  British  towns  are 
quite  unrepresented  here.  Mr.  Gretton  then  pro- 
ceeds to  show  how  the  Burgesses  of  the  town 
were  misled  as  to  their  legal  position  throughout 
the  centuries  before  Sir  Lawrence  Tanfield 
acquired  the  manor.  The  lords  of  Burford  living 


12  s.  viii.  FEB.  5, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


at  a  distance,  the  Burgesses  gradually  took  a 
greater  and  greater  share  in  the  affairs  of  the 
town,  being  "  confronted  with  no  very  strict 
assertion  of  the  manorial  supremacy."  When 
the  manor  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Crown  the 
Royal  tenure  of  it  led  them  to  suppose  that  their 
position  was  independent  of  intermediate  lordship 
as  a  fully  chartered  borough  held  at  fee  farm 
from  the  Crown.  The  liberties,  privileges  and 
franchises  were  held  by  the  Crown  simply  as  lord 
of  the  manor,  and  were  alienated  by  purchase 
in  1617  to  Sir  Lawrence  Tanfield.  At  the 
instigation  of  the  new,  grasping,  and  powerful 
lord — he  was  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer — the 
Burgesses  were  put  upon  their  defence  in  the 
Court  of  Exchequer  by  a  writ  of  Quo  Warranto 
within  two  years  of  Tanfieid's  purchase.  The 
Burgesses'  case  collapsed  like  a  house  of  cards, 
and  the  position  of  Burford  as  resembling  that 
of  the  great  free  boroughs  came  to  an  end.  The 
answer  of  Oxford  to  the  appeal  of  the  Burgesses 
as  to  how  Oxford  held  its  similar  privileges  shows, 
as  the  author  points  out,  the  whole  difference 
between  the  position  of  Oxford  and  that  of 
Burford.  Oxford  replied  that  they  had  the 
rights  in  question  "  as  part  of  that  wee  hould  by 
fee  farme  and  for  which  wee  pay  the  same." 
The  Burgesses  of  Burford  had  never  paid  any 
rent  for  the  sources  of  profit  which  they  had  taken 
into  their  hands,  and  obviously  therefore  had  no 
right  U/  them. 

Mr.  Gretton  traces  the  history  of  the  Corpora- 
tion in  the  period  of  decline  which  followed,  when 
it  continued  in  being  principally  by  reason  of  its 
administration  of  certain  charities.  The  final 
collapse  came  in  1861  when,  after  a  period  of 
general  mal-administration  of  these  charities,  it 
was  extinguished  by  a  schedule  of  an  Act  of 
Parliament,  "  surely  the  depth  of  insignificance — 
to  be  abolishf  d  by  a  schedule." 

There  are  one  or  two  minor  unsolved  mysteries 
about  Burford  which  confront  us  as  we  read 
these  fascinating  pages,  small  points  but  in- 
teresting to  the  antiquary  and  the  student  of  the 
town.  One  is  the  fine  decorated  altar  tomb  in 
the  south  transept  of  the  church,  from  which  all 
the  inscription  has  perished  save  the  name 
"  Willelmus."  That  the  person  buried  there 
was  a  merchant  and  connected  with  the  family  of 
Hastings  is  shown  from  the  fact  that  the  arms 
include  a  merchant's  mark  and  the  Hastings 
maunch.  A  branch  of  the  Daylesford  family 
lived  at  Burford  as  is  proved  from  the  records 
printed  by  Mr.  Gretton,  including  a  grant  in 
1648  from  George  Hastings  of  "  Dalford  "  to 
Wm.  Sessions.  The  family  of  Sessions  of 
Churchill  ard  Burford  married  into  that  of 
Hastings  of  Daylesford,  as  shown  in  the  Heralds' 
Visitations,  a>  d  possibly  a  study  of  the  Hastings 
pedigree  might  reveal  who  was  the  probable 
occupant  of  this  tomb. 

The  connection  of  William  Lenthall,  the  Speaker 
of  the  Long  Parliament,  with  Burford  before  he 
bought  the  Priory  in  1637,  is  another  interesting 
point  in  local  history.  Mr.  Gretton  notes  that  it 
must  have  begun  before  that  date,  for  in  1626 
William  his  second  son  was  baptized  in  Burford 
Church.  The  author  in  company  with  other 
writers  on  Burford  seems  to  have  missed  the  fact 
that  William  Lenthall  was  a  nephew  (?  by 
marriage)  of  Lady  Tanfield — see  her  will  proved 


hi  P.C.C. — in  which  he  is  made  a  trustee  for  keep- 
ing in  repair  the  Tanfield  tomb.  His  connection, 
therefore,  with  Burford  and  the  Priory  is  fairly 
obvious.  Simon  Wisdom,  the  greatest  figure  hi 
the  history  of  the  town  and  corporation  is  not 
met  with,  says  the  author,  in  the  annals  at  an 
earlier  date  than  1530.  Mr.  Gretton  thinks  it 
likely  that  he  came  of  a  family  of  substance 
living  elsewhere.  Oxfordshire  wills  show  that 
the  Wisdoms  were  established  before  that  time 
both  at  Church  Enstone  and  at  Shipton-under- 
Wychwood.  There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that 
Simon  was  of  the  same  family.  One  last  point, 
Why  did  not  Mr.  Gretton  print  at  least  extracts 
from  Christopher  Kempster's  day-book  or  diary 
which  is  now  in  the  possession  of  a  former  tenant 
of  Kempster's  house  at  Upton  Quarries  ?  Kemp- 
ster  was  one  of  the  masons  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral, 
as  a  monument  in  Burford  Church  recalls  (See 
some  interesting  correspond  an ce  on  this  subject  in 
The  Times  Literary  Supplement  in  Feb.  and  March. 
1919).  The  diary  is  of  interest  as  showing  how  the 
stone  from  Upton  Quarries  was  conveyed  to 
London.  Mr.  Gretton  identifies  the  quarries 
which  the  Kempsters  owned  for  nearly  two 
hundred  years  with  a  freestone  quarry  mentioned 
in  a  Manorial  Account  Roll  of  1435-6,  and  there 
called  Whiteladies  Quarry,  probably  a  corruption 
of  Whiteslate  which  occurs  elsewhere  in  the 
records. 

Mr.  Gretton  notes  that  a  few  of  the  local 
records  have  no  traceable  connection  with  Bur- 
ford  at  all.  One  of  these  is  of  interest,  as  every- 
thing concerned  with  the  magic  name  of  Shake- 
speare must  be.  It  is  an  indenture  of  sale  (1664) 
by  Thomas  Greene  the  elder  and  Thomas  Greene 
the  younger,  of  Packwood,  co.  Warwick,  to  Ann 
Shackspeare  of  Meriden,  same  county,  widow,  of 
the  remainder  of  a  lease  of  99  years  of  a  cottage 
in  Old  Fillongly,  and  26  acres  of  land  belonging, 
called  Cotters  Lands,  which  Thomas  Greene  held 
of  Adrian  Shackspere,  late  of  Meriden,  by 
indenture  dated  1.  12.  1631  ;  also  assignment  by 
the  said  Ann  Shackspeare  to  Thomas  Shack- 
speare, gentleman,  her  son.  Adrian  Shakespere 
witnesses  by  mark.  How  were  these  related  to 
the  poet's  family,  and  how  came  these  papers 
among  the  Burford  records  ? 


REVISED     EDITION     OF     LIDDELL     AND" 
SCOTT'S  GREEK  ENGLISH  LEXICON. 

THE  need  for  a  revision  of  Liddell  and  Scott's 
Greek  Lexicon  has  long  been  appreciated  by  the 
Delegates  of  the  Press.  The  discovery,  since  the 
last  substantial  revision  of  the  Lexicon,  of  the 
'  Constitution  of  Athens,'  the  poems  of  Bacchy- 
lides,  the  mimes  of  Herodas,  and  a  large  number 
of  fragments  of  classical  literature,  both  from  the 
works  of  authors  such  as  Hesiod,  Pindar,  Sappho, 
Alcaeus,  and  Callimachus,  and  from  those  of 
other  writers  who  were  previously  little  more 
than  names  to  us,  has  added  a  considerable 
number  of  new  words  and  early  examples  or  new 
uses  of  known  words.  The  study  of  the  numerous 
non-literary  papyri  has  immensely  widened  our 
knowledge  of  Hellenistic  Greek,  besides  intro- 
ducing us  to  a  new  technical  vocabulary  in  con- 
nexion with  the  administration  of  Ptolemaic  and 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  5, 1021. 


Egypt.  During  the  same  period  the 
dtaverv  of  Afresh  inscriptions  and  the  correction 
of  the  text  of  those  already  known  has  been 
Constant  -the  science  of  Comparative  Philology 
has  been  transformed  and  the  history  of  the  Greek 
language  more  fully  explored. 

r,  1911,  Mr.  Henry  Stuart  Jones  was 


•  during  which  he  was  engaged  on  war  work  of 
national  importance)  from  the  date  of  his  appoint- 


^Assistant  Editor.  Mr.  Stuart  Jones  has  had 
the  assistance  of  several  voluntary  helpers 
amongst  whom  special  mention  must  be  made  of 
Mr.  Herbert  W.  Greene,  formerly  Fellow  of 
Magdalen  College  ;  Prof  Jouguet  of  Pans 
Prof.  Martin  of  Geneva  ;  Mr.  M.  N.  Tod,  of  One 
College,  University  Reader  in  Greek  Epigraphy, 
and  Mr.  J.  U.  Powell,  of  St.  John's  College.  It 
was  felt  that  in  the  more  technical  subjects  the 
assistance  of  specialists  was  of  the  f 
portance,  and  the  Editor  has  been  fortunate  m 
securing  this  in  large  measure.  Special  mention 
may  be  made  of  the  services  rendered  (amongst 
others)  by  Sir  W.  Thiselton-Dver,  K.C.M.G., 
FK.S.,  in  regard  to  Ancient  Botany  ;  by  Sir 
Thomas  L.  Heath,  K.C.B.,  F.K.S.,  who  has  con- 
tributed  valuable  studies  of  Greek  mathematical 
terms  :  and  bv  Mr.  E.  T.  Withington,  who  has 
read  the  whole  of  the  voluminous  literature  of 
Greek  Medicine.  The  technical  vocabxilaries  of 
the  later  svstems  of  Greek  philosophy—  Epi- 
curean, Stoic,  and  Neo-Platonic—  have  also  been 
handled  bv  experts,  including  Mr.  J.  I*  fetocKs, 
Prof  A.  C.  Pearson,  and  Prof.  A.  E.  Taylor. 
Mr  W.  D.  Boss,  with  assistance  from  others 
engaged  on  the  Oxford  translation  of  Aristotle, 
has  dealt  with  the  vocabulary  of  the  Aristotelian 
commentators.  These  names  are  far  from  ex- 
hausting the  list  of  those  who  have  rendere 
services  to  the  revision  of  the  Lexicon,  which  win 
in  du^  course  be  acknowledged. 

A  new.  svstem  of  reference  has  been  adopted 
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121 


LONDON,  FEBRUARY  IS,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.  148. 

UOTES  :  -Hazebrouck,  121  —  Among  the  Shakespeare 
Archives :  The  Death  of  Richard  Shakespeare,  124  -Glass 
Painters  of  York:  I.  The  Chamber  Family,  127— St. 
Valentine's  Day,  128— Prices  in  the  early  Nineteenth 
Century— Anecdote  of  Laurence  Sterne-Mary  Roberts 
—Exeter  College,  Oxford— Curious  Jacobite  Toast,  129. 

-QUERIES — Scott's  'Legend  of  Montrose,'  129— Legisla- 
tion against  Tobacco -Cottage  at  Englefleld  Green— The 
"Invalid  Office  "—Royal  British  Bank— Robert  Gascoigne 
and  Walthamstow— Matthew  Carter,  130— Hollingworth— 
John  Milton  and  the  Milburns— "  Such  as  we  make  no 
Musick"  — The  Sentry  at  'Pompeii  —  Identification  of 
Arms,  131— Pitman  or  Quarley,  Hants :  Arms  Sought— 
Alliances  of  Allen  Family— Tavern  Sign  :  The  New  Found 
Out— Curtis  :  Lathrop  :  Willoughby  —  Captain  Cook  : 
Memorials— Covill— Author  Wanted— Author  of  Quota- 
tion Wanted,  132. 

JKEPLIES  :— The  Western  Miscellany.  132  —  Terrestrial 
~  Globes— Telia  Trelawny— '  Mrs.  Drake  Revived,'  134— 
"The  Ashes"— "Kigges"  and  "Granpoles,"  135— Paul 
Marny— Lady  Anne  Graham— Morgan  Phillips  or  Phillip 
Morgan,  136— Pigueuit  (Caesar  and  Dan  by) -Problem  of 
Vagrancy  in  the  Eighteenth  Century— Spencer  Turner— 
'MaundVell's  'Journey  from  Aleppo  to,  Jerusalem,  Easter, 
1697— Nortons  in  Ireland -William  Holder,  137  — The 
Turlupins  (Turbulines),  138  —  Leigh  Hunt— Author  of 
Quotation  Wanted,  139- 

^NOTES  OX  BOOKS  :— 'Studies  in  Islamic  Poetry  '—'The 
Oxfordshire  Record  Series '  —  '  Fleetwood  Family 
Records'—'  Folk-Lore.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


HAZEBROUCK. 
I. 

HAZEBROUCK,  the  capital  (chef -lieu)  of  one 
of  the  arrondissements  of  the  Departement 
du  Nord,  lies  between  Dunkerque  and 
Lille  at  a  distance  of  18  kilometers  from  the 
Belgian  frontier,  and  22  kilometers  east  of 
St.  Omer.  The  arrondissement  to  which  the 
town  gives  its  name  comprises  the  inland 
western  portion  of  the  old  province  of 
Flandre  Maritime,  and  is  co-terminous  with 
the  former  chdtellenies  of  Cassel  and  Bail- 
leul. In  its  full  extent  under  the  Old 
Regime  (from  the  Peace  of  Ryswick  down 
to  the  Revolution)  the  province  consisted 
of  the  six  chdtellenies  of  Bourbourg,  Bergues, 
Cassel,  Bailleul,  Furnes,  and  Ypres,  together 
with  six  "territories  "  which  need  not  here 
be  named.  Of  the  chdtellenies  that  of  Cassel 
was  the  largest,  and  in  it  were  included 


three  open  towns,  of  which  Hazebrouck 
was  one,  and  forty-seven  villages.  The 
population  of  the  chdtellenie  in  1698  was 
37,969,  but  of  these  only  sone  1,300  lived 
in  the  town  of  Cassel  itself,  which  at  that 
time  had  been  reduced  to  250  houses. 
Hazebrouck  had  suffered  less  and  the 
population  of  the  parish  was  then  3,725, 
and  the  number  of  houses  560.  These 
figures  are  taken  from  a  Memoire  drawn  up 
by  M.  Hue  de  Caligny  in  the  year  after 
Ryswick.  Under  the  Spanish  domination 
the  region  had  possessed  nourishing  manu- 
factures, but  M.  de  Caligny  notes  the  perishing 
industries  of  the  province.  Agriculture, 
as  at  the  present  day,  alone  was  prosperous. 
This  industrial  decay,  which  was  one  of  the 
results  of  the  religious  troubles  of  the 
sixteenth,  and  of  the  wars  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  was  unfortunately  not  arrested  : — 
"  1'industrie  drapiere  tombe  peu  a  peu  et  finit 
meme  par  disparaitre  de  la  plupart  des  localit^s 
sous  la  domination  fran^aise." 

Hazebrouck,  which  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  had  a  population  of  about  13,000, 
is  soiretim.es  styled  the  capital  of  "la 
Flandre  flamingante,"  or  rather  of  that 
portion  of  it  which  is  now  French  and  in 
which  the  Flemish  language  is  still  com- 
monly spoken.  In  its  fullest  extent  .  "  la 
Flandre  flamingante  "  comprised  the  whole 
of  the  country  between  the  North  Sea  and 
the  river  Lys,  from  Aire  to  Ghent,  with  the 
river  Aa  as  its  western  boundary.  The 
native  inhabitants  of  this  region,  on  both 
sides  of  the  present  frontier,  especially  the 
peasants  and  working-clr^s,  still  generally 
use  the  Flemish  tongue,  but  French  is  well 
established  in  the  towns,  and  the  river  Lys 
can  no  longer  be  said  to  mark  a  language 
boundary.  M.  Ardouin-Dumazet,  writing 
shortly  before  the  war,  placed  the  border  a 
little  further  north,  approximately  along 
the  line  of  railway  Hazebrouck- Armentieres, 
and  drew  attention  to  the  curious  fact  that 
in  one  of  the  streets  of  Bailleul  both  lan- 
guages were  in  use,  French  on  one  side 
and  Flemish  on  the  other.  North  cf 
this  line  of  railway  French  place-names  are 
few  in  number,  while  to  the v  south  they 
predominate. 

The  place-name  Hazebrouck  is  entirely 
Flemish,  and  means  "the  marsh  of  the 
hare,"  a  derivation  recorded  in  the  six- 
teenth century  by  Marchant,*  who  states 
that  the  hare "  (in  Flemish  "haze")  "here 

*  Jac.  Marchant,  Flemish  historian  and  poet. 
1537-1609. 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vin.  FEE.  12, 1921. 


had  its  habitat  in  a  spot  favourable  to  the 
propagation  of  its  species,  for  the  country 
was  not  only  marshy  but  also  covered 
with  woods  and  forests."  The  theory  that 
Hazebrouck  owes  its  naiie  to  a  Lord  of  the 
name  of  Haza,  who  is  supposed  to  have 
founded  the  church,  is  now  abandoned. 
It  finds  mention,  however,  in  Blaeu's 
'Theatrum  Urbium  Belgicae  '  (1649),  in 
which  the  town  is  thus  described  : — 

"  Hazebrouck  is  a  fair  and  populous  munici- 
palitv  in  western  Flanders,  enjoying  the  rights 
and  privileges,  as  well  as  the  name,  of  a  town, 
with  a  special  jurisdiction  of  its  own.  It  received 
laws  from  Philip  of  Alsace  (Count  of  Flanders), 
its  fairs  in  June  and  market  on  Monday  from 
another  Philip,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  and  its  name, 
according  to  Gramaye,*  from  Haza,  a  former 
magnate  and  founder  of  the  church  (cimahs 
ecclesia).  It  stands  on  a  very  marshy  site,  and 
owes  its  reputation  to  linen  weaving  and  cloth 
making.  At  one  time  it  attained  great  wealth 
by  means  of  the  canal  cut  through  the  forest  of 
Nieppe  to  the  river  Lys.  In  addition  to  all  its 
rights  as  a  town,  it  has  a  Senate  of  seven  men, 
and  a  special  law  for  the  regulation  of  measures 
and  of  fairs  :  it  has  also  a  guild  of  archers  and  one 
of  rhetoric.  The  people  are  divided  according  to 
their  occupations  into  trade  guilds,  and  had  not  the 
town  been  afflicted  by  civil  wars,  they  would  have 
attained  a  prosperity  equal  to  any.  The  parish 
church,  which  has  a  splendid  tower,  is  dedicated 
to  St.  Eloi.  The  patronage  belongs  to  the 
Bishop  of  Ypres,  by  right  of  succession  from  the 
see  of  Therouanne.  *  A  small  mmnery  and  hospital 
of  Grey  Sisters  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis 
was  founded  here  two  hundred  years  ago  by  two 
pious  sisters.  The  friars  of  the  Order  of  St. 
Augustine  were  admitted  to  the  town  under 
certain  conditions,  their  house  being  founded  and 
endowed  by  the  Senate  and  people.  It  main- 
tains a  school  of  polite  letters,  which  has  received 
confirmation  from  the  Catholic  King,  Philip  IV." 

This  description  dates  from  e  time  when 
Hazebrouck  formed  part  of  -the  Spanish 
Netherlands,  Philip  IV.  being  the  reigning 
sovereign.  Accompanying  it  is  a  view- 
plan  of  the  town,  which  shows  the  lines  of 
the  principal  streets  exactly  as  they  are 
to-d&y.  though  the  space  covered  by  build- 
ings is  very  much  less.  The  fields  then 
encroached  on  whpt  is  now  the  centre  of  the 
town,  and  a  large  garden  is  shown  attached 
to  almost  every  house.  It  was  nearly 
thirty  years  after  Blaeu's  book  appeared 
that  *  Hazebrouck  became  definitely  French 
(1678). 

A  century  later  Hazebrouck  seems  to 
have  been  considered  a  place  of  small 
importance.  The  reference  to  the  town  in 
the  'Encyclopedie,ouDictionnaire  Raisonne 


*  Jan  Bapt.  Gramaye,  Flemish  traveller,  poet, 
and  historian,  c.  1580-1635. 


des  Sciences,  des  Arts,  et  des  Metiers  '  (ed.. 
Neufchatel,  1765),  is  very  short  : — 

"  Haesbrouk,  petite  ville  de  Flandre,  a  deux, 
lieues  d'Aire.  Longit.  20.4,  latit.  50.40." 

At  whet  date  the  spelling  of  the  name 
became  fixed  in  its  present  form  I  cannot 
say,  but  the  following  variations  occur' 
before  the  beginning  of  the  last  century  : 
Hasbruc,  Hasbroc,  Hasbroec,  Hasbroucq,. 
Hasbourg,  Haesbroecke,  Haesebrouck, 
Haesebroucq,  Hazebrouc,  Hazebreuc,  Haze- 
bruch,  Hazebruec,  Hazebruck,  and  Haze- 
brouck. The  earliest  of  these  is  found  in  a- 
charter  of  1122  by  which  Charles  le  Bon, 
Count  of  Flanders,  notifies  that  Lambertr 
Provost  of  Cassel,  has  given  to  the  church 
of  Oxelaere  a  certain  piece  of  land  situated 
near  to  the  town  of  Hasbruc  (apiid  villain 
Hasbruc).  y 

At  this  period,  says  M.  Taverne  der 
Tersud  (from  whom  the  above  is  cited)  : — 

"  la  ville  n'e"tait  qu'une  agglomeration  de  quelques 
habitations  baties  au  milieu  des  eaux  et  des  bois- 
. .  .  .Sa  situation  a  £te"  une  cause  d'empechement 
a  sa  developpement." 

M.  de  Tersud's  was  the  only  book  on  Haze- 
brouck that  I  was  able  to  discover  during 
a  residence  in  the  town  of  some  months 
immediately  before  the  evacuation  of  1918 
and  again  during  the  winter  of  1918—19^ 
It  is  true  that  life  was  then  abnormal  and 
the  times  not  well  fitted  for  the  pursuit  of" 
the  study  of  local  history.  But  inquiry 
at  the  principal  stationer  and  booksellers' 
shops  failed  to  produce  any  volume  dealing, 
with  the  history  or  institutions  of  the  town — 
not  even  a  guide-book.  In  the  Biblio- 
theque  Communale  at  St.  Omer,  however,. 
I  found  M.  de  Tersud's  volume  : — 

"  Hazebrouck,  depuis  son  origine  jusqu'a  nos 
jours  ;  par  Charles  Taverne  de  Tersud.  4to_ 
Hazebrouck,  1890.  454  pp." 

Though  published  in  1890  the  book  seems  to 
have  been  written  at  least  three  years 
earlier,  as  the  preface  is  dated  May,  1887. 
In  the  thirty  years  that  have  elapsed  since 
the  appearance  of  this  work  some  changes 
have,  of  course,  taken  place  in  Hazebrouck^ 
but  generally  speaking  M.  de  Tersnd's 
description  held  good  down  to  the  outbreak 
of  the  war. 

The  outstanding  events  in  the  history  of 
the  town  may  be  summarized  as  follows  : — 

1213.  Philip  Augustus,  in  order  to  avenge 
the  disasters  inflicted  on  his  fleet  off  the 
coast  of  Flanders,  ravaged  the  adjacent 
country,  in  the  course  of  which  action 
Hazebrouck  and  other  towns  were  burned^ 


12  s.  viii.  FEB.  12, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


123 


This    was    the    year    before    the    battle    of 
Bouvines. 

1347.  Philip  of  Valois,  intending  to  repair 
the  defeat  of  Crecy  and  with  the  object  of 
obliging  Edward  III.  to  raise  the  siege  of 
Calais,  put  on  foot  a  formidable  army, 
which  appeared  before  Arras  in  May,  1347. 
Hazebrouck  was  burnt  and  pillaged  shortly 
after,  and  the  development  of  the  town  was 
arrested  a  second  time  by  the  events  of  war. 
Calais  surrendered  on  Aug.  4. 

1436.  In  May  of  this  year  the  English,  in 
order  to  revictual  Calais,  raided  the  country 
round  Hazebrouck  and  Cassel,  from  which 
they  carried  off  large  numbers  of  cattle, 
sheep,  goats,  grain  and  forage.  To  prevent 
a  recurrence  of  these  incursions  the  militia 
of  the  communes  was  called  out  and  a 
battle  fought  at  Looberghe  in  which  the 
English  were  victorious.  The  Flemish  loss 
is  said  to  have  been  300  killed  and  120 
taken  prisoners.  The  total  English  loss  is 
given  as  70.  The  town  of  Hazebrouck, 
however,  did  not  suffer 'any  material  damage. 
1524-5.  The  winter  was  made  memorable 
by  the  occurrence  of  famine  and  pestilence, 
and  by  the  beginning  of  religious  troubles. 
These  latter  culminated  in  the  war  of  the 
Gueux  in  1566,  during  the  course  of  which 
the  church  at  Hazebrouck  was  pillaged 
(Aug.-  15-16),  the  altars  being  broken  and 
the  sepulchral  monuments  carried  away. 
Many  other  churches  in  the  neighbourhood 
also  suffered  at  this  time. 

1578.  The  church  at  Hazebrouck  was 
again  pillaged  by  the  Gueux  (Sept.  24),  the 
bells  on  this  occasion  being  carried  off. 

1582.  Hazebrouck  again  suffered  severely 
when  the  soldiers  of  Philip  II.,  on  their 
way  to  Ypres,  passed  through  the  town 
(July  27),  setting  it  on  fire  at  various  points. 
The  church  was  again  pillaged.  The  de- 
struction at  this  time  was  very  great,  the 
old  Town  Hall  in  the  Market  Place  being 
burnt  down,  and  many  years  elapsed  before 
the  town  was  able  to  recover. 

1587.  Wandering  bands  of  Gueux  from 
Holland  again  set  fire  to  Hazebrouck.  The 
misery  of  the  inhabitants  at  this  time  was 
great.  The  building  of  the  new  town  hall 
was  stopped  for  lack  of  funds,  and  the 
banks  of  the  canal,  the  construction  of 
which  had  only  recently  been  begun,  were 
falling  in.  Money  was  only  about  a  quarter 
of  its  former  value. 

1644.  In  October,  Hazebrouck,  still 
Spanish,  was  invaded  by  a  French  army, 
which  occupied  the  town  for  eight  days, 
inflicting  loss  and  ruin  on  the  inhabitants, 


a  number  of  whom  took  refuge  in  the 
church. 

1677.  The  battle  of  Cassel  was  fought 
on  the  plain  below  Mont  Cassel  12  kilometres 
o  the  north-west  of  Hazebrouck,  on  Apr.  11. 
As  a  result  this  part  of  Flanders  was  de- 
finitely restored  to  the  French  crown  in  the 
'ollowing  year.  *  Henceforward  Hazebrouck- 
s  a  French  town,  and  its  history  till  the  end 
of  the  eighteenth  century  and  the  coming 
of  the  Revolution,  is  one  of  peaceful  develop- 
nent,  if  of  little  progress. 

The  linen  industry,  mentioned  by  Blaeu,. 
dated  back  to  the  fourteenth  century.  The 
Lynwaet  Halle,  where  the  linen  was  ex- 
Dosed  on  Saturdays,  stood  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Market  Place  on  the  site  of  the  present 
}own  hall,  but  was  pulled  down  about  1793. 
The  industry  declined  from  the  end  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  as  already  mentioned,., 
and  about  1789  was  confined  to  table  linen. 
A  little  flannel  appears  also  to  have  been 
manufactured  in  Hazebrouck  at  this  time- 
The  old  town  hall  stood  in  the  centre  of  the 
Market  Place.  After  its  destruction  by  the 
Spaniards  in  1582,  something  like  seven 
ears  elapsed  before  its  successor  was  com- 
oleted.  This  is  the  building  shown  on 
Blaeu 's  plan.  It  had  a  belfry  and  carillon 
of  eight  bells,  but  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
February,  1801,  and  was  never  rebuilt.  The 
present  town  hall  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Square  dates  from  1806-20. 

The  Market  Place,  or  Grand'  Place,  which 
measures  roughly  220  paces  in  length  by 
100  in  breadth,  was  in  existence  in  the 
fourteenth  century,  at  which  period,  accord- 
ing to  M.  de  Tersud,  it  was  : — 

"  une  grande  place  non  pavee  au  milieu  de 
laquelle  existait  une  fosse  entouree  d'une  haie  : 
les  maisons  n'avaient  presque  toutes  qu'un 
rez-de-chaussee,  elles  etaient  couvertes  en  paille 
et  enduites  d'une  couche  de  torches." 

The  only  buildings  of  antiquarian  interest 
now  remaining  in  Hazebrouck  are  the 
parish  church  of  St.  Eloi,  and  the  Hospice- 
Hopital  (formerly  the  convent  of  the 
Augustines).  The  rest  of  the  town  has  been 
rebuilt  at  different  times,  mostly  in  the 
nineteenth  century,  such  houses  of  earlier 
date  as  remain  being  of  little  or  no  archi- 
tectural interest.  According  to  M.  de  Ter- 
sud the  church  is  a  rebuilding  at  the  close 
of  the  fifteenth  century  of  an  older  structure 
which  suffered  from  fire  in  1492,  the  in- 
terior being  then  wholly  destroyed.  The 


*  For  battle  of  Cassel  see  inscriptions  recorded' 
in  •  N.  &  Q.'  12  S.  vi.  225-6  :  also  12  S.  vii.  241. 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.FEB.i2,io2i. 


-tower  is  said  to  have  been  completed  in 
1512,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  spire  of  open- 
work, the  total  height  of  which  is  278  ft. 
'The  building  is  of  red  brick  with  stone 
dressings,  and  consists  of  choir,  transepts, 
aisled  nave,  and  west  tower.  A  smaller 
spire,  which  stood  originally  at  the  inter- 
section of  nave  and  transepts,  was  demo- 
lished in  1767.  Except  for  the  disappear- 
ance of  this  feature  the  church  is  to-day 
externally  pretty  much  as  shewn  in  Blaeu's 
view.  Internally,  however,  it  underwent  a 
somewhat  drastic  change  in  the  last  century, 
when  plaster  ceilings  were  erected  and  other 
alterations  of  a  like  nature  made.  The 
structure  suffered  little  or  nothing  during 
the  bombardment  of  1918. 

The  buildings  of  the  Hospice-Hopital 
are  also  of  red-brick.  The  older  wing, 
which  is  an  excellent  example  of  Flemish 
Renaissance  design,  is  dated  1616,  and  the 
later  and  smaller  wing  1718.  The  whole 
was  restored  in  1868  and  again  in  1895-6. 
'The  convent  was  suppressed  in  1793,  and 
for  some  years  the  building  was  used  as  a 
kind  of  tenement  house  by  all  sorts  and 
conditions  of  people.  Considerable  damage 
was  done  to  the  interior  and  it  was  not  till 
1800  that  the  building  was  cleared,  and  put 
to  other  uses.  After  the  destruction  of  the 
old  town  hall  in  1801  the  convent  was  used 
for  municipal  purposes  till  the  new  town 
hall  was  completed  (1820),  since  when  it  has 
served  as  a  hospital. 

The  earlier  convent  of  the  Grey  Sisters 
mentioned  by  Blaeu,  founded  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  stood  on  a  site  behind  the  present 
town  hall,  now  occupied  by  the  Maison 
d'Arret.  It  was  suppressed  in  the  Revolu- 
tion and  the  buildings  demolished. 

In  February,  1814,  a  corps  of  Saxons  and 
Cossacks  staved  three  days  in  Hazebrouck, 
camping  in  the  open  air,  but  appear  to  have 
left  the  town  unharmed.  After  the  final 
overthrow  of  Napoleon  Hazebrouck  was 
occuoied  for  two  years  (1815-17)  by  an 
English  dragoon  regiment.  The  name  of 
the  regiment  is  not  given  by  M.  de  Tersud, 
but  it  is  gratifying  to  know  that 
•"les  documents  qui  reposent  a  la  mairie  attest- 
ent  que  les  rapports  entre  les  habitants,  les  officiers 
Sb  les  soldats  n'etaient  pas  tendus  et  que  de  part 
et  d'autre  on  se  faisait  toutes  les  concessions 
possibles  pour  vivre  en  bonne  intelligence. 

••••''A  cantury  teter  British  troops   were   once 

more    in    occupation    of    Hazebrouck,    but 

under  conditions  at  once  more  pleasing  and 

mors  difficult.  F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 

(To  &e  continued.) 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  83.) 

THE  DEATH  OF  RICHARD  SHAKESPEARE. 

ATTENTION    was    drawn   to    Snitterfield   in 

Dec.,  1559,  by  the  death,  of  Master  Thomas 

Robins  of  Northbrooke.     His  will  was  signed 

on  the  7th  of  that  month,  and  proved  in 

London  on  the  23rd  by  Richard  Charnock 

on  behalf  of  the  executor,  Edward  Grant. 

The   testator's   prayer   to   the   Trinity   and 

bequest  of  his  soul  to  Jesus  Christ,  and  his 

instruction  that  his  body  should  be  buried 

"without  pomp  "  before  the  choir-door  in 

the   parish-church    "in   the   place   which   I 

have  been  accustomed  to  walk  in,"  point  to 

his  being  a  Protestant.     But  his  son-in-law 

and  heir,  Edward  Grant,  was  a  Catholic,  and 

the  will  was  witnessed  and  supervised  by  that 

"unlearned    and    stubborn    priest  "    whom 

Bishop  Sandys  soon  after  deprived,  William 

Burton.     Master  Robins  was  a  widower  at 

the   time    of   his    death   and    had   lost    his 

daughter,   his   only   child,   wife  of  Edward 

Grant.     This    Edward    Grant    was    son    to 

Master  Richard  Grant  of  Briary  Lands,  and 

father  by  Master  Robins'  daughter  of  three 

children,  Mary,  Thomas  and  Richard.     He 

had   married   again,   taking   for   his   second 

wife  Anne  Somerville,   daughter  to  Master 

Robert    Somerville    of   Edstone.     She    bore 

him  a  son,  Edward.     To  the  four  children  of 

his  son-in-law  Master  Robins  made  bequests 

— to  Mary  of  40Z,  a  gilt  bowl  and  a  ring  of 

gold    "which  was  my  wife's  wedding-ring, 

to  be  delivered  when  she  shall  be  married 

or  at  her  father's  pleasure,"  and  to  the  three 

boys  of  61  13s.  4d.  apiece.     The  residue  of  the 

estate  after  their  father's  death  was  to  be 

bestowed    "  so    that    Mary    have    two    kine 

more  besides  her  own  two  in  my  keeping 

and  six  pair  of  flaxen  sheets,"  and  Edward 

"  all  such  household  stuff  whatsoever  that 

I  have  in  Northbrooke,  the  standing  beds, 

cupboards,  .tables,   forms  and  joined-stools 

excepted."     To  his  son-in-law's  second  wife, 

whom  he  calls  his  "daughter-in-law,"  Anne 

Grant   nee   Somerville,   he   left    "my   little 

silver  salt  which  I  bought  lately  at  Coventry 

Fair."     We   shall   hear   of  the   Grants   and 

their  connections  the  Somervilles.     Thomas 

Grant  inherited  Northbrooke,  Edward  Grant 

his    mother's    property    of    Kingswood    at 

Rowington.     Edward  Grant's  cousin,  John 

Somerville,  born  about  the  time  of  Master 

Robins'  death,  married  an  Arden  of  Park 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  12, 1021.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


Hall,  a  kinswoman  of  John  Shakespeare's 
wife,  Mary  Arden.  These  events  were  in 
the  future.  At  present,  1559,  we  will  note 
that  John  Arden,  prebendary  of  Worcester, 
and  a  determined  Catholic,  was  probably  a 
relative  of  Mary  Arden. 

The  care  of  his  father  at  Snitterfield  may 
have  added  to  the  growing  responsibilities  of 
John  Shakespeare.  On  May  21,  1560, 
Robert  Arden's  widow,  Agnes  nee  Webbe, 
leased  her  late  husband's  property  at  Snitter- 
field to  her  brother,  Alexander  Webbe  of 
Bearley,  husband  of  her  step-daughter, 
Margaret  Arden.  It  consisted  of  "two 
messuages  with  a  cottage,  in  the  occupation 
of  Richard  Shakespeare,  John  Henley  and 
John  Hargreave."  The  lease  was  for  forty 
years  from  Mar.  25,  1561,  or  so  long  as 
Agnes  Arden  should  live,  at  the  rental  of  40s. 
per  annum.  There  was  probably  no  intention 
of  disturbing  Richard  Shakespeare.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  he  died  before  Mar.  25,  1561, 
it  is  likely  that  he  was  infirm  and  unwilling 
to  renew  his  lease  in  May,  1560.  He  may 
have  contemplated  removal  to  Ingon  with 
his  so*?-  Henry,  or  even  to  Stratford,  to  join 
the  household  of  his  son  John  in  Henley 
Street. 

On  June  1,  1560,  he  and  William  Bott  and 
others  valued  the  goods  of  Henry  Cole  the 
blacksmith.  We  get  a  glimpse  of  Henry 
Cole  in  an  entry  in  the  Churchwardens' 
Account  of  St.  Nicholas,  Warwick,  for  the 
year  1554:  "to  Coles  of  Snit'field  for  his 
painstaking  to  come  into  the  parish  to  give 
counsel  to  the  filing  of  the  third  quarter  bell, 
and  spent  on  him  and  upon  one  that  did 
fetch  him,  7cL"  His  daughter  married 
Thomas  Eggleston  of  St.  Nicholas'  parish, 
probably  the  son  of  the  late  vicar  of  St. 
Nicholas,  Master  John  Eggleston.  His  son, 
Edward  Cole,  was  partner  with  him  in  the 
smithy.  Edward  died  before  his  father,  on 
or  shortly  after  Sept.  22,  1558,  when  he  made 
his  will.  He  died  a  Catholic,  bequeathing  his 
soul  to  Almighty  God,  the  Blessed  Virgin  and 
the  Holy  Company  of  Heaven,  12c?.  to 
Snitterfield  Church,  4rf.  to  the  Mother  Church 
of  Worcester  and  12c7.  to  the  Vicar  of 
Snitterfield,  William  Burton.  The  Vicar 
witnessed  and  probably  wrote  the  will,  and 
acted  as  overseer  with  Richard  Wllmore  of 
the  Heath.  To  his  brother-in-law,  Thomas 
Eggleston,  who  was  not  yet  nineteen,  Edward 
Cole  left  his  russet  coat  of  frieze.  His 
young  widow  died  almost  immediately.  His 
goods  were  valued  on  Jan.  22,  1559,  by 
Robert  Pardy,  Robert  Nicholson,  Henry 
Burgess  and  William  Perks,  but  her  small 


possessions  were  appraised   some  time  pre- 
viously   by    Nicholson,  Burgess    and    Perks 
with  the  help  of  Richard  Shakespeare.     Ad- 
ministration was  granted  on  Mar.   23,  the 
widow   having    "died    before   the   will   was 
proved."     Henry  Cole  the  father  made  his 
will  probably  before  the  decease  of  Queen 
Mary  on  Nov.    17,    1558.      He  also  died  a 
Romanist.     He     bequeathed     4d.     to     the 
Mother   Church   of   Worcester,   a   strike   of 
wheat    to    the    Church    of    Wolverton,    4cL 
towards  the  reparations  of  the  Church  of 
Norton  Linsey,  and  to  Snitterfield  Church 
"two  strike  of  wheat  and  a  stall  of  been  to 
help  to  maintain  two  tapers,  one  before  the 
Blessed    Sacrament   of   the   Altar   and   the 
other  before  the  image  of  Our  Lady  of  a 
pound  and  a  quarter  apiece."     Most  of  his 
little  property  he  left  to  bis  son's  children, 
Edward  and  Anne,  and  to  his  son-in-law, 
Thomas  Eggleston,  the  executor.         Queen 
Elizabeth  had  come  to  the  throne,  the  Prayer- 
Book   had  been  re-introduced,   tapers   and 
images  and  the  Blessed  Sacrament  of  the 
Altar  were  abolished  and  supposed  to  be  all 
gone  when  he  signed  this  will  unrevised  oiv 
Jan.   23,   1560,  in  the  presence  of  William 
Burton  the  vicar,  Robert  Pardy  and  John 
Hargreave,  the  day  after  the  making  of  the 
inventory  of  the  goods  and  chattels  of  his 
son.     It  is  possible  that  the  vicar  and  his 
churchwardens    had    not    carried    out    the 
Injunctions.      William     Burton,     who     was 
Sir  William,  a  graduate  of  Oxford  (supplicated 
for  B.A.  June  9,  1527,  determined  15*8),  was 
deprived  before   Sept.   26,    1561,  when  the 
Puritan,  John  Pedder,  a  Marian  exile,  was 
instituted  in  his  room.     The  valuation  of 
Henry   Coles'   goods  on   June    1,    1560,   by 
William  Bott,  Richard  Shakespeare,  William 
Perks,    Henry  Burgess    alias    Parsons,    and 
John  Hargreave,  amounted  to  16Z.  0,9.  6d.    r1 
Richard   Shakespeare  helped  to  appraise 
the   goods   of   his   old   neighbour,    Richard 
Maids,  on  Sept.  13, 1560.     None  stood  higher 
in  the  regard  of    his  fellow -villagers  than 
Richard    Maids.     His    name    appears    con- 
tinually in  the  local  wills  and  inventories. 
He  witnessed  the  release  by  John  Palmer  of 
his  tenement  to  Master  Arden  Oct.  1,  1529, 
was    fined    with    Richard    Shakespeare    for 
overburdening  the  Common  pasture  Oct.  lr 
1535,  was  executor  of  the  will  of  Sir  John 
Bonne,  vicar,  Feb.  1,  1541,  'praised  the  goods 
of  William  Mayowe  and  Thomasin  Palmer 
(whose  will  he  witnessed)  in  1551,  and  the 
goods  of  Hugh  Greene  on  Mar.  27,  1553,  was 
overseer  of  the  will  of  Hugh  Porter  Jan.  31, 
1554,  'praised  with  Richard  Shakespeare  the 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.FBB.i2.i92i. 


;goods  of  the  vicar  Sir  Thomas  Hargreaves 
May  5,  1557,  was  overseer  of  the  will  of 
•Thomas  Harding  June  24,  1557,  'praised  the 
^oods  of  Henry  Walker  July  11,  1558,  wit- 
nessed with  Richard  Shakespeare  the  will  of 
Henry  Walker  on  Aug.  31 , 1558,  and  'praised 
-the  goods  of  Walter  Nicholson  on  Feb.  7. 
1559. 

Apparently  he  died  without  issue,  in.  the 
summer  of  1560,  but  left  a  number  of  nephews 
-and  nieces,  children  of  Rafe  Maids.  One  of 
these  nephews,  Richard,  was  known  in  1557 
-as  Richard  Maids  the  Younger  to  distinguish 
him  from  his  uncle.  Another  nephew, 
Pobert,  married  the  daughter  of  Hugh  Porter. 
A  third  nephew,  William  Maids,  became  a 
•close  friend  of  Alexander  Webbe  and  his  son 
Robert  Webbe,  the  brother-in-law  and 
•nephew  of  John  Shakespeare. 

At  the  View  of  Frankpledge  at  Snitterfield 
on  Oct.  3,  1560,  Richard  Shakespeare  was 
fined  4d.  for  keeping  his  beasts  upon  the 
Lea<?,  contrary  to  order,  and  was  one  of  the 
lord's  tenants  instructed  "to  make  their 
hedge  and  ditch  between  the  end  of  Richard 
Shakespeare's  lane  and  Dawkins'  hedge 
before  the  Feast  of  St.  Luke's,"  i.e.  Oct.  18.' 

In  the  meantime  at  the  Court  Leet  at 
'Stratford  on  Oct.  5  John  Shakespeare  and 
his  fellow  Constables  presented  their  list 
of  offenders  since  April.  Master  Thomas 
Trassell,  a  lawyer,  living  in  Bridge  Street, 
•agect  about  thirty,  a  connection  of  the 
Trussells  of  Billesley,  and  therefore  perhaps 
of  Mary  Shakespeare,  was  fined  for  drawing 
'blood  on  Roger  Brunt,  Thomas  Featherstone 
•for  a  fray  on  Thomas  Walford,  Thomas 
Holiday  alias  Drudge,  for  drawing  blood 
on  Luke  Hurst,  Humfrey  Holmes  for  drawing 
blood  on  one  not  named,  Thomas  Merrick  for 
a  fray  on  John  Henshaw,  Alderman  Rafe 
Cawdrey  for  a  fray  on  George  Green  of 
Wotton  Wawen,  Master  Harbage's  man, 
Thomas,  for  a  fray  upon  "the  other  of 
M0.^er  Harbage's  men  the  Irishman,"  and 
Richard  Court,  alias  Smith,  for  "  oppro- 
brious words  and  reviling  "  against  the 
Constables.  John  Shakespeare  and  John 
Taylor  were  probably  not  sorry  to  bring 
their  second  year  of  office  to  a  close. 

Other  offences  reported  have  their  interest. 
William  Smith,  haberdasher  of  Henley  Street, 
complained  that  "a  piece  of  aproning, 
colour  russett  "  had  been  stolen  from  him 
by  a  stranger  and  then  taken  from  the 
stranger  by  one  Bradley  of  Evesham.  A 
Welsh Tian  "using  archery  in  Sheep  Street  " 
•was  presented  for  "  living  idly  and  sus- 
piciously," and  Anna  Shurton  for  being  "a 


common  scold  and  an  unquiet  woman." 
Anna  Shurton,  who  was  doubtless  hoisted  in 
the  Market  Place  or  ducked  in  the  Avon, 
in  the  cuckstooi,  was  wife  of  William 
Shurton  alias  Adams,  a  tailor,  living  in  a 
cottage  in  Ely  Street.  She  had  three 
children,  one  of  whom  died  in  the  Plague 
of  1564.  She  herself  died  in  April,  1567,  and 
her  husband  promptly  married,  on  June  3, 
a  second  wife,  with  the  promising  name 
Anne  Primrose. 

At  the  same  Court  Leet,  of  Oct.  5,  1560, 
Roger  Sadler  was  elected  Bailiff  and  Rafe 
Cawdrey  High  Alderman.  William  Smith 
and  William  Tyler  (colleagues  of  John 
Shakespeare  and  John  Taylor  in  the  year 
past)  entered  on  their  second  twelvemonth 
as  Constables  with  William  Perrott  (brother 
of  Robert  Perrott)  and  John  Bell  as  their 
juniors.  Humfrey  Plymlej^  and  John 
Wheeler  were  re-elected  Chamberlains.  To 
John  Wheeler,  yeoman,  son  of  John  Wheeler 
who  died  in  April,  1558,  and  father  of  John 
Wheeler  born  about  the  year  1557,  was 
leased  by  the  new  Bailiff  and  his  colleagues, 
on  Oct.  10,  1560,  two  small  houses  in  Henley 
Street  in  his  occupation,  for  sixty-one  years 
at  a  rent  of  10s.  per  annum.  This  pair  of 
tenements  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present 
Free  Library  near  the  Birthplace.  John 
Shakespeare  and  John  Wheeler  had  been 
neighbours  probably  for  ten  years  past,  and 
they  remained  such  for  the  next  thirty-six 
years.  They  were  of  one  mind  in  religion 
and  became  Puritan  recusants. 

On  Feb.  10,  1561,  John  Shakespeare 
c  btained  at  Worcester  letters  of  administra- 
tion of  his  father's  estate,  on  the  exhibition 
of  an  inventory  of  his  goods  and  cattels 
valued  at  38Z.  la.  Od.  Richard  Shakespeare 
had  died  a  short  time  previously.  In  the 
bond  father  and  son  are  described  as  of 
Snitterfield,  and  John  is  called  agricola. 
John  retained  for  a  few  months  an  interest 
in  his  father's  holding  and  was  held  respon- 
sible for  the  condition  of  the  hedges,  being 
fined  I2d.  on  Oct.  1,  1561,  for  the  non- 
fulfilment  of  the  order  of  Oct.  3,  1560.  About 
this  time  (Michaelmas  1561)  Alexander 
Webbe,  John  Shakespeare's  brother-in-law, 
entered  into  possession.  He  brought  with 
him  from  Bearley  his  wife  Margaret  (nee 
Arden,  sister  of  Mary  Shakespeare)  and  four 
young  children — Anne,  Robert.  Elizabeth 
and  Mary.  Anne,  born  after  April,  1555, 
was  probably  named  after  Widow  Arden 
(who  was  her  father's  sister  and  her  mother's 
step-mother)  ;  Robert,  born  about  Oct.  1558, 
was  probably  named  after  his  grandfather, 


12  8.  VIII.  FEB.  12, 1921.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


127 


Elizabeth  after  her  mother's  sister,  Elizabeth 
Scarlet,  and  Mary  after  Mary  Shakespeare. 
"Two  more  children  were  born  at  Snitterfield, 
Edward  and  Sarah.  Edward  was  baptized 
-at  the  Church  on  July  30,  1562,  Sarah  on 
ApriJ  23,  1565.  Edward  (or  Edmund:  the 
flames  are  interchangeable)  probably  had  his 
uncle  Edmund  Lambert  for  godfather. 
These  children  were  all  first  cousins  of  William 
Shakespeare,  and  of  special  interest  to  him 
PS  living  in  his  father's  and  grandfather's  old 
home.  There  is  evidence  of  friendship  be- 
tween the  John  Shakespeares  and  the  Webbes. 
Unfortunately  we  have  not  Richard 
.Shakespeare's  will.  We  might  have  learned 
from  it  something  of  the  relationship,  if  any, 
between  himself  and  a  family  of  Shakespeares 
connected  with  Snitterfield  and  Clifford 
•Chambers,  and  a  younger  and  more  in- 
teresting family  of  Shakespeares  at  Warwick. 
It  might  have  shed  light  on  the  kinship 
between  the  testator  and  the  family  of 
Greene  alias  Shakespeare  of  Warwick  and 
Stratford,  and  on  the  personality  of  the 
Joan  Shakespeare  who  died  and  was  buried 
.at  Snitlorfield  on  Jan.  5,  1596. 

EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GLASS  PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 
I. — THE  CHAMBER  FAMILY. 

JOH.  DK  LA  CHAUMBRE,  glasyer  ('Freemen 
of  York'  Surtees  Soc.). —  "  John  Chamber 
the  elder  "  mentioned  in  Thomas  Benefeld 
©r  Byngf eld's  will  (Reg.  Test  D.  and  C.  Ebor., 
i.  212).  One  of  two  brothers  both  named 
John  who  each  had  a  son  called  Richard. 
Free  1400,  Wife,  Joan.  In  his  will  he  twice 
refers  to  the  other  Chamber  as  "  John 
•Chamber  my  brother."  His  workmen  evi- 
dently were  Robert  Wakefield  (free,  1400; 
d.  1414),  Matthew  Petty  (died  1478),  and 
John  Newsom  the  elder  (free,  1418),  and 
probably  Robert  Hudson.  He  was  closely 
connected  in  some  way,  whether  as  a  partner, 
friendly  rival,  or  what,  does  not  appear, 
with  Thomas  Byngf  eld  (free,  1400 ;  died  1422) 
as  Robert  Wakefield  directs  that  his  will 
made  Jan.  20,  1414,  proved  Feb.  16  (Reg. 
Test.  D.  and  C.  Ebor.,  i.  172)  shall  be 
carried  out  "by  the  sight,  counsel,  and 
advice  of  John  Chambre  my  master  and 
Thomas  Byngf  eld."  Byngf  eld  who  died  in 
1422  also  made  "John  Chambre  the  elder, 
glasyer  "  his  executor  (Reg.  Test.  D.  and  C. 
Ebor.,  i.  212).  Chamber's  son,  Richard, 
*t  the  time  of  his  father's  death  in  1437 


was  evidently  still  a  child,  for  his  father  in 
his  will  says  : — 

"The   residue    of    all    my    goods 1  give  & 

bequeath  to  Joan  my  wife  &  Richard  my  son.  And 
I  will  that  Joan  my  wife  shall  have  all  the  goods 
belonging  to  Richard  my  son  in  her  own  hand  tor 
the  relief  and  helping  of  him." 
It  would  seem  that  the  son  was  an  invalid 
as  further  provision  is  made  "if  t he ?  said 
Richard  my  son  shall  depart  this  life  for 
masses  for  the  repose  of  the  souls  of  both 
father  and  son.  Chamber  was  doing  work 
for  the  Dean  and  Chapter  between  the 
years  1421  and  1433.  He  made  his  will 
on  Monday  next  before  the  feast  of  the 
Ascension,  1437.  Proved  May  15  of  the 
same  year  [Reg.  Test.  D.  and  C.  Ebor., 
i.  243d  J.  To  Matthew  Petty  he  bequeathed 
3s.  4rf.  ;  to  John  Newsom,  2s.,  and  to  Robert 
Hudson,  20d.  The  latter  was  evidently 
identical  with  the  Robert  Hudson,  glasyer, 
working  for  John  Chamber  the  younger  in 
1450,  into  whose  service  he  evidently  went 
on  the  death  of  John  Chamber  the  elder  in 
1437,  at  which  time  he  was  probably  an 
apprentice.  Hudson  was  free  in  1453 — so 
that  there  must  have  been  some  delay  in  his 
taking  up  his  freedom — and  a  master  glass- 
painter  in  1463-4  when  new  ordinances  were 
granted  to  the  craft.  Chamber  bequeathed 
"To  the  fabric  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of 
Blessed  Peter  of  York  6s.  8c?.,"  and  to  his 
brother  John  a  similar  amount,  Executrix, 
his  wife  Joan ;  and  Sir  Robert  Flete,  Rector 
of  Lastingham,  and  his  brother  John  co- 
adjutors with  her.  Witnesses,  his  brother 
John ;  John  Newsom  (free  1418.  His  son 
John  was  free  in  1442  and  his  grandson 
Thomas,  in  1470.  All  three  were  glass- 
painters),  and  Matthew  Petty  (d.  1478). 
Chamber  was  buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church 
in  S  to  negate. 

Joh.  Chambre,  junior,  glasier  ('  Freemen 
of  York'  Surtees  Soc.) — Brother  of  John 
Chamber  the  elder.  Free  1414.  Wife 
Matilda.  Workmen,  William  Inglish,  (free 
1450,  died  1480),  Robert  Hudson  (free  1453), 
and  Thomas  Coverham  (free  1448).  He 
was  evidently  brother-in-law  of,  and  possibly 
in  partnership  with,  Matthew  Petty  to  whom 
he  bequeathed  3s.  4c?.,  for  in  his  will  he 
mentions  "  Gillot  Pety  my  sister,"  to  whom 
he  left  a  similar  sum.  Sons,  Richard  and 
Fr.  William  Wencelay,  a  monk.  He  made 
his  will  Mar.  16,  1450.  There  is  no  date  of 
probate,  but  Chamber  died  before  the  end 
cf  the  month  of  March,  1451,  as  appears  from 
the  date  of  the  probate  of  the  will  of  John 
Witton,  his  apprentice,  who  had  named  him 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  12, 1021, 


as  one  of  his  (Witton's)  executors  and  pro- 
bate of  whose  will  was  granted  Mar.  31, 1451, 
to  "Matilda  wife  of  John  Chamber  lately 
deceased."  To  "Fr.  William  Wencelay, 
monk,  my  son,"  he  bequeathed  six  silver 
spoons,  20s.  in  money  and  "  a  small  mazer 
set  with  silver,"  with  the  proviso  that  the 
testator's  wife  was  to  hav-e  the  use  of  it 
during  her  life.  He  left  various  sums  to  the 
vicars  and  chaplains  of  St.  Helen's  Church 
in  Stonegate,  where  he  desired  to  be  buried 
"before  the  crucifix."  To  his  son  Richard 
he  left  his  business,  but  the  latter  died  the 
same  month  as  his  father.  John  Chamber 
was  thus  left  without  any  male  heir  to 
succeed  to  the  business,  his  other  son  being 
in  religion.  Who  carried  on  the  business 
after  his  death  we  do  not  know,  but  his 
successor  would  no  doubt  be  found  amongst 
his  three  workmen,  William  Inglish,  Robert 
Hudson,  and  Thomas  Coverham ;  whom, 
in  his  will  he  calls  "my  servants  "  and  to 
whom  he  bequeathed  5s.  by  equal  portions. 
All  three  appear  before  the  Lord  Mayor  in 
1463-4  as  representatives  of  the  "hole 
craft  of  glasyers  ",  and  presumably  therefore 
they  were  masters,  when  new  ordinances 
were  granted.  Chamber  evidently  enjoyed 
a  wide  reputation  as  a  glass  painter.  In 
1449  he  executed  windows  for  the  parish 
church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene  in  Durham 
(Durham.  Account  Rolls,  ed.  by  Rev. 
Canon  Fowler,  Surtees  Soc.,  vol.  ii.  p.  408). 
In  John  Chamber  the  younger  we  most  pro- 
bably have  the  outstanding  genius  who 
executed  the  masterpieces  of  glass-painting 
such  as  the  west  window  of  St.  Martin-le- 
Grand,  Coney  Street  (dated  1437),  and 
others  done  between  the  date  at  which  we 
must  presume  the  death  of  John  Thornton 
(c.  1435)  and  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth 
century.  (Will,  Reg.  Test.  D.  and  C. 
Ebor./i.  266.) 

Ricardus  Chambre,  glasier,  fil.  Johannis 
Chaumbre,  glasier. — Son  of  John  Chamber 
the  younger  (free  1414,  died  1451),  and 
Matilda  his  wife.  Richard  Chamber's  wife 
was  called  Margaret,  to  whom  John  Chamber 
the  younger  bequeathed  "his  blood  red 
girdle  adorned  with  silver,"  and  to"  Richard 
Chamber,  my  son,  my  green  girdle  adorned 
with  silver  and  all  the  instruments  and 
utensils  belonging  to  my  shop  if  he  shall  be 
living  and  he  shall  happen  to  return." 
As  likely  as  not  Richard  Chamber  (whose 
name  appears  in  the  Freemen's  Roll  of 
1447  so  that  he  was  presumably  24  years  of 
age  in  1450)  and  John  Witton  (who  was 
evidently  an  apprentice  with  Richard's 


father,  whom  Witton  in  his  will  calls  my 
"master,"  though  John  Chamber  in  his  will 
dees  not  mention  Witton  along  with  "  hi& 
servants  "  William  Inglish,  Robert  Hudson, 
and  Thomas  Coverham,  thereby  showing 
that  Witton  was  an  apprentice  at  the  time) 
had  gone  abroad  together  on  the  completion, 
of  their  indentures  in  order  to  complete 
their  artistic  training  by  foreign  travel.* 

Richard  Chamber  and  John  Witton^made- 
their  respective  wills  one  on  the  10th  and 
the  other  on  the  llth  of  June,  1450,  and 
each  desired  that  his  body  should  "be 
buried  with  church  burial  where  God  shaE 
dispose  for  me  "  without  specifying  a 
particular  church  as  was  the  usual  custom. 
Probate  of  the  two  wills  was  granted  within 
four  days  of  one  another,  one  on  Mar.  31, 
and  the  other  on  Apr.  3,  1451.  These  facts- 
taken  together  point  to  their  having  met 
with  a  violent  death  in  company  and  they 
were  probably  either  drowned  at  sea  or  died 
together  in  battle,  possibly  in  one  of  the 
last  fights  of  the  Hundred  Years  War. 
Richard  Chamber  in  his  will  (Reg.  Test. 
D.  and  C.  Ebor.,  i.  267)  bequeathed  to  his- 
parish  church  of  St.  Helen  in  Stonegate 
IQd.  for  tithes  and  oblations  forgotten  and 
made  his. father  and  another  his  executors, 
the  former  however  pre-deceased  him  by  a. 
few  days.  JOHN  A.  KNO\V:LES. 


ST.  VALENTINE'S  DAY. — At  Armscot,  co. 
Worcester,  a  small  hamlet  near  Ilmington, 
the  children  went  round  to  the  farms  singing 
for  apples,  which  were  kept  for  Shrove 
Tuesday  fritters.  The  lines  ran  : — 

Good  morrow,  Valentine,  t        vl;'  _ 
First  its  yours,  then  its  mine,  t_i^|T  V^1 
Please  give  us  a  valentine,  o 
J.  HABVEY 


*  This  was  evidently  the  custom  in  the  case  of 
the  son  of  the  house  who  would  eventually  have  to> 
take  over  his  father's  business  and  who  had  there- 
fore to  keep  up  to  date  and  in  touch  with  the  latest 
art  movements  on  the  continent.  There  is  reason, 
to  believe  that  Witton  like  Chamber  was  in  the 
the  above  position.  He  cannot  have  been  a  poor 
boy  for  he  leaves  a  fair  amount  of  property  arid  ari 
annuity  to  his  father  for  life.  Valentin  Bouch.  glass- 
painter  of  Metz  (died  1451)  had  evidently  travelled 
in  Italy  as  he  bequeathed  to  Herman  Foliq,  whom 
he  calls  his "  old  workman"  "twelve  pieces  of 
portraiture  of  Italy  or  of  Albert"  (Le  Vieil.  'L'Art 
de  la  Peinture  sur  Verre.'  p.  95).  The  remarkable 
similarities  in  design  and  details  of  glass  on  the 
continent  to  glass  of  very  slightly  later  date  in 
England  can  only  be  accounted  for  by  such  an 
hypothesis.  There  would  be  little  difficulty  i 
getting  a  passage  across,  as  ships  were  continually 
crossing. 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  12,  i92i.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


PRICES  IN  THE  EARLY  NINETEENTH  CEN 
TURY.  (See  '  A  Radical  Weaver's  Common 
place  Book,  ante,  p.  5). — The  following  is  a 
old  Lancashire  recipe,  with  the  prices  of  th 
various  articles,  for  what  was  known  in  181 
as  a  "funeral  cake."  I  have  copied  it  from 
the  original  account  in  the  possession  of  a 
aunt  of  mine  : — 

1817,  Feby.  5th —  s.    d 

To    3  Ib.  Brown  sugar  at  12d 30 

"    3  Ibs.  Lump  sugar  at  lid.      . .  ..43 

,,    1  oz.  Sinnamon,  Is.,  Carraways,  IJd.     1     1 

„    8  Ib.  Flour        "..40 

„    6  Ib.    Butter,    5s.    3d,    4   oz.    Candid 

Lemon,  Sd 5  11 

„    Nutmeg,    4d.,    2^  Ibs.    D.    Currants, 

2s.  S±d 30 

„    Rum  and  Escence  of  Lemon  . .  ..06 

„    60  Eggs,  4s.  ;  Paper,  l£d 41 

„    Making  . .  . .  . .  ..20 


£1     7  11 


I  send  this  as  it  may  be  of  interest  in  view 
of  MR.  CHEETHAM'S  interesting  article  undei 
the     heading     of     'A     Radical      Weaver' 
Common-place    Book  '    in    which    he    gives 
some  particulars  of  prices  in  1801. 

F.  CROOKS. 

ANECDOTE  OF  LAURENCE  STERNE. — The 
following  anecdote  which  may  now  be  a 
chestnut,  was  reprinted  by  The  Yorkshire 
Herald  of  Oct.  21,  1919,  from  its  forerunner 
of  1765  :— 

"Anecdote  relating  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sterne  when 
he  was  in  Paris  :  A  French  gentleman  asked  him, 
If  he  had  found  in  France  no  Original  Characters 
that  he  could  make  Use  of  in  his  Life  and  Opinions 
of  Tristram  Shandy,  *  No,'  replied  he,  '  the  French 
resemble  old  Pieces  of  Coin  whose  Impression  is 
worn  out  by  rubbing.'" 

I  hope  it  may  be  a  new  anecdote  to  some- 
body. ST.  SWITHIN. 

MARY  ROBERTS. — The  'D.KB.'  under 
"Samuel  Roberts  (1763-1848)"  mentions 
his  daughter  Mary,  author  of  'Royal  Exile,' 
and  has  in  square  brackets,  "see  under 
Roberts,  Mary,  1788-1864."  On  turning  to 
"Mary  Roberts,"  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
last  paragraph  of  the  article  reads  : — 

"  Some  confusion  has  arisen  between  Miss 
Eoberts  and  a  cousin  of  the  same  name,  Mary 
Eoberts,  daughter  of  Samuel  Roberts  (1763- 
1848)  [q.v.-]  of  Sheffield,  authoress  of  'Royal 
Exile,'  1822." 

There  was  no  necessity  for  this  para- 
graph which  is  somewhat  misleading.  The 
two  Marys  may  have  caused  confusion,  but 
they  were  not  cousins,  nor  have  I  been  able 
to  trace  any  connection  whatever  between 
the  two  families.  CHARLES  DRURY. 

12  Ranmoor  Cliffe  Road,  Sheffield. 


EXETER  COLLEGE,  OXFORD. — With  the 
election  of  Dr.  E.  G.  Hendy  to  be  Principal 
of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  on  Jan.  13,  1921, 
it  ought  to  be  noted  that  Exeter  has  pro- 
vided four  Heads  of  Colleges,  all  in  office 
at  the  present  time.  These  are  as  follows  : — 

1.  Dr.   Lewis  Richard  Parnell,  Rector  of 
Exeter,  m.  1874  ;  Fellow  of  Exeter  ;  Rector, 
1913  ;  Vice-Chancellor,  1920. 

2.  Dr.  Henry  Boyd,  m.  1849  ;  Principal^of 
Hertford,  1877. 

3.  Mr.    John   Arthur   Ruskin   Munro,   m. 
1882  ;  Rector  of  Lincoln,  1920. 

4.  Dr.   Ernest   George  Hendy,  m.    1871  ; 
Fellow  of  Jesus,   1874  ;   Principal  of  Jesus, 
1921. 

This  should  be  recorded  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
I  need  not  set  out  their  distinctions,  or 
their  services  to  the  University  and  their 
several  Houses.  W.  H.  QUARRELL. 

CURIOUS  JACOBITE  TOAST. — In  July,  1713, 
a  certain  Mr.  John  Birch  was  indicted  at 
Cork,  found  guiJty,  and  sentenced  to  pay 
a  hundred  pounds  for,  besides  other  things, 
having  publicly  drunk  to  a  seditious  toast, 
namely  "  May  you  never  want  three  pounds, 
fourteen  shillings,  and  five  pence  !  "  Accord- 
ing to  the  Kalendar  of  MSS.  of  the  Marquess 
of  Ormonde  this  alarming  toast  had  a 
triple  signification,  viz.,  the  health  of  James 
the  THIRD,  Louis  the  FOURTEENTH,  and 
Philip  the  FIFTH,  the  three  Catholic  mon- 
archs  in  league  against  England.  R.  B. 
Upton. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
rormation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
;o  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
n  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SCOTT'S    'LEGEND    OF    MONTROSE.' — Can 
any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  give  the  origin  of  the 
ollowing  :— 

1.  Motto  to  chap.  iii.  :  "For  pleas  of  right 
et     statesmen     vex    their     heads,"     &c. — • 

attributed  to  Donne,  but  apparently  not  by 
lim. 

2.  Motto  to  chap.   ix.  :    "Dark  on  their 
ourney  lowr'd  the  gloomy  day,"  &c.  ;  from 
The  Travellers,  a  Romance  '  (perhaps  by 
cott  ?). 

3.  Motto  to  chap.  xi.  :  "  Is  this  thy  castle, 
Baldwin  ?  "  &c. — attributed  to  Brown. 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  EU  s.  vm.  mm.  12,  mi. 


4.  The  old  song,  quoted  in  chaps,  vi.  and 
xii.  :     "  When    cannons    are    roaring,     and 
bullets  are  flying,"  &c. 

5.  The    famous    lines    on    General    Wade 
(chap,  xviii.) — is  their  authorship  known  ? 

F.  A.  CAVENAGH. 
Manchester  University. 

LEGISLATION  AGAINST  TOBACCO. — Robert 
Ghristison,  M.D.,  in  'A  Treatise  on  Poisons  ' 
(Edinburgh  1829),  writing  on  Tobacco,  on 
p.  619  says  : — 

"  Soon  after  it  was  brought  to  England  by 
Sir  W.  Raleigh,  King  James  wrote  a  philippic 
against  it,  entitled  '  The  Counterblast  to  Tobacco.' 
Some  countries  even  prohibited  it  by  severe 
edicts.  Amurath  the  4th  in  particular  made  the 
smoking  of  tobacco  capital ;  several  of  the  Popes 
excommunicated  those  who  smoked  in  the 
church  of  St.  Peter's ;  in  Russia  it  was  punished 
with  amputation  of  the  nose  ;  and  in  the  Canton 
of  Bern  it  ranked  in  the  tables  next  to  adultery, 
and  even  so  late  as  the  middle  of  last  century  a 
particular  court  was  held  there  for  trying  delin- 
quents (note  Paris  and  Fonblanque's  '  Medical 
Jurisprudence,'  ii.  416).  Like  every  other  per- 
secuted novelty,  however,  smoking  and  snuff- 
taking  passed  from  place  to  place  with  rapidity  ; 
and  now  there  appear  to  be  only  two  luxuries 
which  yield  to  it  in  prevalence,  spirituous  liquors 
and  tea." 

Unless    this    subject    has    already    been 
discussed  in    <N.   &   Q.'  particulars  of  the 
'severe  edicts  "  might  be  of  general  interest 
if  any  readers  can  supply  them. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

COTTAGE  AT  ENGLEFIELD  GREEN. — In  a 
book  in  the  British  Museum,  entitled  '  Views 
of  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen's  Seats,'  &c 
by  J.  Hassell,  1804,  there  is  a  plate  of  '  St.' 
Agnes  Cottage,  Berks,  [sic]  the  Seat  of  Mr! 
Knowles,'  and  in  the  accompanying  letter- 
press it  is  stated  that  this  stood 
"in  the  old  Winchester  Road,  and  takes  its  name 
from  a  well  near  the  house,  called  St.  Agnes  Well 
and  it  is  mentioned  by  Camden  and  most  historians 
for  being  a  celebrated  spot  where  pilgrims  and 
devotees,  going  to  Winchester  used  to  stop  and 
do  homage  to  the  Saint.  Hither,  also  came  many 
for  the  benefit  of  the  water,  which  was  reputed  to 
possess  many  healing  qualities." 

Now  as  the  house  stood  in  a  bye-lane 
from  Englefield  Green  to  Windsor  Great 
Park,  I  should  be  glad  if  any  reader  could 
give  any  explanation  of  the  statement  about 
the  old  Winchester  Road  or  give  any  infor- 
mation about  the  well.  I  can  find  no 
reference  to  it  in  my  copy  of  Camden 
(Gibson,  1695).  The  spring  which  fed  the 
well  is  or  was  until  recently  still  in  evidence 
And  who  was  the  "Mr.  Knowles  "  whose 
seat  it  was  ?  W.  H.  WHITEAB,  F.R.Hist.S. 

10  Fairlawn  Court,  W.4 


THE  "INVALID  OFFICE." — A  building 
with  this  name  is  shown  on  the  east  side  of 
Whitehall,  between  Scotland  Yard  and  the 
"  Banqueting  House  "  in  a  late  seventeenth 
century  map  in  the  Grace  Collection.  I  shall 
be  grateful  for  information  as  to  the  business 
transacted  there,  and  for  some  one  who  will 
supply  my  failure  to  observe  Capt.  Cuttle's 
rule— "When  found,  make  a  note  of" 
as  regards  the  exact  reference  and  date. 

Q.  V. 

ROYAL  BRITISH  BANK. — When  did  a 
London  bank  with  this  name  or  something 
very  like  it,  come  to  a. stop  ?  And  what  was 
the  cause  ?  I  am  under  the  impression  that 
it  ceased  to  exist  shortly  after  the  Crimean 
War.  G. 

ROBERT  GASCOIGNE  AND  WALTHAMSTOW. 
—This  forgotten  soldier  and  poet  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  so  a  writer  in  an  old 
volume  of  Temple  Bar  tells  us,  married  a 
rich  widow,  presumably  after  his  return 
from  campaigning,  and  settled  down  in  a 
"  poor  house  at  Walthamstow  in  the  Forest. " 
Many  of  his  poems  seem  to  have  been  written 
in  that  retreat.  But  '  Walthamstow  in  the 
Forest  '  is  just  a  trifle  vague.  Can  any 
correspondent  identify  for  us  the  "poor 
house," — which  means  a  cottage,  I  take  it  ? 
M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Percy  House,  Well  Street,  South  Hackney,  E.9» 

MATTHEW  CARTER. — I  should  be  glad  to 
learn  if  any  information  can  be  obtained 
about  "Matthew  Carter,  Esq.,"  author  of  a 
valuable  work  on  Heraldry,  known  as 
'  Honor  redivivus,'  and  published  by  "  Henry 
Heringman — at  the  Ancker  on  the  lower 
side  of  the  New  Exchange  "  in  1673.  This 
appears  to  be  a  second  edition,  and  contains 
what  I  suppose  to  be  a  full-page  copy  of  the 
author's  coat  of  arms,  which  is  identical 
with  the  arms  originally  granted  to  a  family 
of  Carters  residing  for  three  or  four  genera- 
tions in  St.  Columb,  Cornwall,  and  admitted 
in  the  'Visitations  '  of  1620  and' 1686. 

I  have  failed  to  trace  Matthew  Carter  in 
the  pedigree  of  any  of  the  St.  Columb  family 
of  that  name.  The  first  to  be  mentioned  is 
"Richard,  s.  of  Thomas  Karter  "  with 
whom  the  pedigree  begins.  He  was  born  on 
Jan.  17,  1540.  The  last  member  of  the 
family  mentioned  in  the  Registers  of  St. 
Columb  is  Honor  Carter,  whose  death  is 
recorded  on  Sept.  13,  1691.  She  was  the 


128.  Till.  FEB.  12, 1921.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


131 


•eldest  of  three  co-heiresses,  who  succeeded 
to  the  Carter  property  which  at  one  time 
•was  extensive,  and  it  is  a  curious  circum- 
stance that  at  the  present  day  the  remnants 
of  that  property  are  again  in  the  hands  of 
three  co-heiresses,  the  daughters  of  the  late 
Wm.  Paget  Hoblyn,  Esq.,  of  Fir  Hill,  Little 
Oolan,  Cornwall,  whose  ancestor  married  in 
1683  Mary  Carter,  the  second  of  the  co- 
heiresses previously  mentioned. 

G.  T.  G.-C. 
Barbados. 

HOLLINGWORTH. — Frederick  Hollingworth 
was  admitted  to  Westminster  School  in 
1745,  aged  9,  and  John  Hollingworth  in 
1747,  aged  8.  Can  any  correspondent  of 
*N.  &  Q.'  help  me  to  identify  them  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

JOHN  MILTON  AND  THE  MILBURNS. — I 
have  discovered  in  two  branches  of  the 
•descendants  of  Thomas  Milburn  of  London, 
1801-2-1848,  a  tradition  of  descent  from  the 
poet  John  Milton.  From  the  published 
accounts  of  the  poet's  family,  it  would  seem 
that  any  relationship  must  be  collateral 
unless  the  descent  is  through  the  Clarkes. 
It  is  supposed  that  the  maiden  name  of 
'Thomas  Milburn 's  mother  was  Warren. 
I  have  searched  the  Milburn  wills  at  Somer- 
set House  without  definitely  ascertaining 
the  name  of  Thomas  Milburn 's  father.  The 
most  significant  wills  are  these  : — 

Rev.  Thomas  Milburn,  Rector  of  Raworth, 
Essex,  signed  Aug.  21,  1773,  proved  London, 
Dec.  6,  1775.  Mentions  children,  Thomas, 
Richard,  Charles,  and  Ann ;  also  cousins 
William  and  Thomas  Studdart  (?)  of  Burn- 
liam.  Leaves  property  in  Wickford,  Essex, 
to  wife  Ann  (P.R.C.  Alexander,  482). 

Ann  Milburn  of  parish  of  St.  Botolph, 
Aldersgate,  London,  July  20,  1787,  makes 
brother  Thomas  Milburn  her  heir  (Calvert, 
145). 

Thomas  Milburn,  sailor,  only  son  of  Ann 
Bolt  of  Wickford,  Essex,  1803  (Marriott, 
721). 

Thomas  Milburn,  sawyer,  of  Hampton, 
Middlesex,  is  made  administrator  of  estates 
of  father,  Thomas  Milburn,  late  of  St. 
George's,  Hanover  Square,  and  of  his 
mother,  Elizabeth  Milburn j  who  died  before 
she  could  take  out  letters  of  administration 
(Admon.  1777). 

Hannah  Milburn,  1821,  formerly  of  East- 
wich  Park,  near  Guilford,  Surrey,  but 
recently  of  Lambeth  Square,  Surrey,  men- 
tions brothers  William  and  John  and  their 
•children  (Mansfield,  159). 


I  have  also  found  the  following  Milburn 
marriages  : — 

Thomas  Bourton  Milburn  and  Elizabeth 
Wordsworth  of  St.  James  at  St.  George's 
Chapel,  Feb.  21,  1750. 

Thomas  Milburn  of  St.  Mary  White  Chapel, 
Middx.,  w.,  and  Elizabeth  Lodge,  w.,  at 
St.  Benet  Paul's  Wharf,  Sept.  13,  1745. 

Richard  Milburn  of  St.  Ann,  Westminster, 
and  Elizabeth  Ogilvy  at  St.  Edmund's, 
.Sept.  23,  1795. 

In  1812  Thomas  Milburn  &  Co.,  Wine  and 
Spirit  Merchants,  were  at  Lloyd's  Coffee 
House.  From  1818  until  1830,  Thomas 
Milburn,  wine  and  spirit  broker,  was  at 
6  Commercial  Sales  Rooms,  Mincing  Lane. 

I  shall  be  glad  if  your  readers  will  give 
me  any  information  that  will  connect  these 
scattered  notes,  and  especially  any  clue  to 
account  for  the  Milton  tradition. 

JOSEPH  M.  BEATTY,  JR. 
Goucher  College,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  U.S.A. 

"SUCH  AS  MAKE  NO  MUSICK.  " — This 
phrase  is  used  by  Jeremy  Collier  in  his 
address  '  To  the  Reader  '  in  '  An  Appendix 
to  the  Three  English  Volumes  in  Folio  of 
Morery's  Great  Historical ....  Dictionary .' 
The  date  of  the  Appendix  is  1721.  He  writes 
near  the  end  of  the  address  : — 

"  I  am  far  from  Translating  the   whole  Two 

Folio's  of  the  Dutch  Supplement For  not  a 

few  Heads  in  this  Holland  Impression  are  bor- 
row'd  from  the  three  English  Volumes  :  And  as 
for  the  rest  pass'd  over,  they  are  foreign  Genea- 
logies, lean  Subjects,  and  such  as  make  no 
Musick." 

Was  the  phrase  proverbial  ? 

ROBERT  PIEBPOINT.  . 

THE  SENTRY  AT  POMPEII. — There  is  a 
story  of  a  certain  Roman  soldier  being  en 
sentry  duty  in  Pompeii  at  the  time  of  its 
over -whelming  by  an  eruption  of  Vesuvius 
and  that  he  died  at  his  post  while  patiently 
waiting  for  the  change  of  guard.  Who  is 
responsible  for  this  story,  and  has  it  been 
justified  or  proved  false  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

IDENTIFICATION  OF  ARMS. — I  have  a 
wooden  carving  representing  an  animal  with 
a  face  like  a  tapir,  knobs  on  its  back 'and 
claws  on  its  feet,  seated  with  a  shield  sus- 
pended from  its  neck.  The  arms  on  the 
shield  are  coloured  and  are  Barry  of  eight  or 
and  gules,  upon  the  second  ten  roses  of  the 
first,  4,  3,  2  and  1,  impaling  or  three  annulets 
gules.  Whose  arms  are  these  ?  The  im- 
palement is  similar  to  the  arms  of  Hutton. 
WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.R.N.S. 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vin.  FEB.  12, 1921. 


^(PITMAN  OF  QUARLEY,  HANTS  :  ARMS 
SOUGHT. — No  arms  are  given  in  the  *  Visita- 
tion '  pedigree  of  1686.  A  note  states  that 
Mr.  Pitman  promised  to  produce  a  sketch 
of  his  arms,  but  omitted  to  do  so. 

Edmund  Pitman,  Recorder  of  Salisbury, 
a  descendant  of  the  Quarley  family,  who 
died  Dec.  18,  1743,  bore  "  two  cutlasses  in 
saltire  argent  between  four  bay  leaves  vert, 
bladed  argent,  hilted  or,  with  an  annulet 
for  difference." 

These  arms  are  not  given  in  Burke, 
nor  is  there  anything  similar  given  in  Pap- 
worth. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  the  above  arms 
are  to  be  found  on  any  bookplate,  seal  or 
monument,  or  are  given  in  any  work  on 
heraldry. 

Authority  is  also  wanted  for  the  following 
crest  :  Pitman  of  Wilts — *'  A  dove  rising 
volant  issuing  out  of  a  mural  crown." 

H.  A.  PITMAN. 

65  Cambridge  Terrace,  W.2. 

ALLIANCES  OF  ALLEN  FAMILY. — Frances, 
dau.  of  Gaynor  Barry,  of  Dormstown,  co. 
Meath,  married  Joshua,  fifth  Viscount 
Allen.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  who  were 
the  parents  of  this  Gaynor  Barry,  and  what 
arms  the  family  bore. 

The  mother  of  Frances,  Viscountess  Allen, 
is  stated  to  have  been  Anne,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  Richards,  Rector  of  Killany, 
co.  Monaghan. 

Can  any  Irish  genealogist  inform  me  of  the 
name  of  the  rector's  wife  ?  P.  D.  M 

TAVERN  SIGN  :  THE  NEW  FOUND  OUT.— 
Forty  years  ago,  when  a  frequent  visitor  to 
Hitchin,  I  noted  in  its  outskirts  an  inn  with 
this  sign.  What  is  its  origin  ?  A.  R. 

•  CURTIS  :  LATHROP  :  WILLOUGHBY. — Ed- 
ward Curtis  lived  at  Mardyke  House,  Hot 
Wells,  Bristol,  about  a  hundred  years  ago. 
What  family  did  he  belong  to  ?  What 
relation  was  he  to  Thomas  Curtis  (or  Curteis) 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  the  sixteenth 
century  ?  His  arms  (which  I  remember 
seeing  as  a  child)  were  of  a  seafaring  nature 
and  I  think  included  dolphins  and  anchors. 

His  wife  was  a  Lathrop.  Is  anything 
known  of  this  family  ?  Her  sister  Margaret 
married  a  clergyman  called  Allen.  Her 
mother  was  a  Willoughby  of  Gunnersbury 
House,  Middlesex  (afterwards  sold  to 
George  III.  for  his  daughter  Princess 
Amelia).  Can  any  reader  give  me  any  in- 
formation about  the  Willoughbys  ? 

W.  HAYTHORNE. 

83  Abbey  Road  Mansions,  N.W.8. 


CAPTAIN  COOK  :  MEMORIALS. — I  shallfbe- 
glad  to  learn  how  best  I  can  obtain  informa- 
tion and  particulars  of  any  memorials 
erected  to  the  great  circumnavigator|  both 
in  Great  Britain  and  in  other  parts  of  the 
world.  T.  H.  W. 

COVILL. — I  should  be  glad  of  information 
about  the  above  surname — its  derivation 
and  the  history  of  any  families  that  have 
borne  it.  .  C.  B.  C. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. —  Who  was  the  author  of  a 
very  able  pamphlet  called  •  Seasonable  Hints  from 
an  Honest  Man  on  the  Present  Crisis  of  a  New 
Reign  and  a  new  Parliament,'  published  in  London 
in  1761,  by  "A.  Millar  in  the  Strand"? 

W.  D.    DODWELL. 

167  Iffley  Road,  Oxford. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED. — 

Who  wrote  the  lines  : — 

And  if  there  be  no  meeting  beyond  the  grave,. 
If  all  be  darkness,  silence  ;  yet  'tis  rest. 
Be  not  afraid  ye  waiting  hearts  that  weep  ; 
For  God  still  giveth  His  beloved  sleep, 
And  if  an  endless  sleep  He  wills — so  best. 

And  are  they  correctly  quoted  ? 

G.  B.  M. 

[By  Henrietta  Anne  Huxley,  wife  of  Thomas; 
Henry  Huxley.  By  Huxley's  special  direction 
the  last  three  lines,  which  run  : — 

Be  not  afraid,  ye  waiting  hearts  that  weep  ; 

For  still  He  giveth  His  beloved  sleep, 

And  if  an  endless  sleep  He  wills,  so  best, 
were  inscribed  upon  his  tombstone.] 


THE  WESTERN  MISCELLANY. 

(12  S.  viii.   11,  56.) 

YOUR  correspondent  M  remarks  as  a  side-- 
issue that  either  Robert  Goadby  (1721-1778) 
of  Sherborne  or  his  wife  was  the  compiler  of 
'The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Bampfylde 
Moore  Carew.'  I  venture  to  think  that 
neither  could  have  been  more  than  editor,. 
p.s  the  editio  princeps  of  1745,  in  which  the 
main  facts  and  incidents  already  appeared, 
was  printed  "  by  the  Faiieys  for  Joseph 
Brew,  Bookseller  opposite  Castle  Lane  "  in 
Exeter.  I  have  sometimes  wondered 
whether  your  correspondent  X  who  at  12  S. 
vii.  166  evinces  a*  considerable  knowledge  of 
the  Farley  family  could  throw  any  light  on 
the  point,  but  his  anonymity  prevented 
communication  with  him.  The  title  of  th» 
Exeter-printed  book  is  'The  Life  and 
Adventures  of  Bampfylde  Moore  Carew  the 
noted  Devonshire  Stroller  and  Dog-stealer, 


i2s.vnT.pjsB.i2.iMi.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


&c. '  It  is  an  unvarnished  aocount  of  the 
tricks  and  ruses  of  a  scoundrel  put  forth  as  a 
•warning  to" the  public,  the  preface  stating: — 
"...  .Whatever  were  the  motives  that  drew 
from  him  [Carew]  this  narrative.  ..  .the  Editor 
would  not  have  brought  it  to  the  light  had  not 
he  apprehended  that  it  might  be  of  use  to  guard 
well-meaning  people  •  against  ,the  impositions  of 
the  like  impostors  [i.e.,  mumpers  or  gypsies]  for 
the  future." 

Goadby  would  then  be  24  years  of  age  only 
and,  so  far  as  is  known,  unconnected  with 
Exeter.  That  the  mumpers  were  giving 
trouble  at  the  time  is  clear  from  contem- 
porary newspapers,  e.g.,  The  Reading  Mer- 
cury for  Jan.  14,  1745. 

The  next  issue  of  the  book,  the  first  to 
connect  it  with  Goadby,  is  undated,  but 
was  probably  the  one  referred  to  in  the 
Register  of  Books  in  The  Gent.  Mag.  for 
October  1749  (p.  480).  It  will  be  noticed 
that  the  title  has  assumed  a  bolder  form  : — 
"  An  Apology  for  the  Life  of  Bampfylde  Moore 
Carew  commonly  known  throughout  the  West  of 
England  by  the  title  of  King  of  the  Beggars,  and 
Dog-Merchant-General. .  .  .Printed  by  R.  Goadby 
and  SoldL  by  W.  Owen,  bookseller,*  at  Temple 
Bar,  London." 

New  material  is  incorporated  which  is 
balanced  by  some  omissions,  but  the  most 
noticeable  difference  is  the  change  of  tone. 
Warnings  to  the  beneficently-minded  find 
no  place,  and  in  lieu  are  substituted  certain 
specious  arguments  justifying  Carew's  mode 
of  life.  Clearly  some  one  with  a  turn  for 
satire  had  revised  the  book. 

The  next  or  third  edition,  bearing  dete  at 
the  end  of  the  preface  of  Feb.  10,  1750,  was 
much  enlarged,  and  the  work  is  for  the  first 
time  broken  up  into  chapters.  The  imprint 
now  becomes  "  Printed  for  R.  Goadby  and 
W.  Owen,  Bookseller,  at  Temple  Bar.'"  Of 
added  matter  is  a  footnote  to  p.  313  con- 
taining a  depreciatory  remark  on  Fielding's 
'Tom  Jones  '  which,  but  for  the  event, 
would  pass  unnoticed. 

The  next  edition  is  announced  in  The 
Whitehall  Evening  Post,  Nov.  12  to  14, 
1751  :— 

"  This  day  was  published  in  a  pocket  volume, 
neatly  printed,  the  second  edition,  with  consider- 
able additions  and  a  Dedication  to  Justice 
Fielding,  An  Apology  for  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bamp- 
fylde Moore  Carew  who  has  been  for  more  than 
twenty-eight  years  past,  and  is  at  this  time,  the 

King  of  the    Beggars With   a  parellel  drawn 

between  Mr.  B.  M.  C.  and  Tom  Jones printed 

for  R.  Goadby  in  Sherburn,  and  W.  Owen  at 
Temple  Bar."  ' 

By  calling  this  "the  second  edition  "  the 
j  editio  princeps  and  the  edition  of  1749 
:  appear  to  be  disavowed,  which  probably 


caused  the  Exeter  origin  of  the  book  to  be- 
ultimately  forgotten. 

The  text  of  this  1751  edition  was  greatly 
altered,  the  narrative,  including  a  long 
dedication,  being  made  subservient  to  8r 
rancorous  attack  on  Fielding  as  opportunity 
offered.  In  this  form  it  ran  through  many 
editions,  the  last  two,  of  which  I  possess 
copies,  being  the  eighth  of  1768,  and  the 
ninth  of  1775. 

Even  if  it  be  supposed  that  Mr.  or  Mrs. 
Goadby  recast  the  1749  and  1750  editions 
it  is  difficult  to  believe  that  they  were  con- 
cerned in  the  book,  other  than  financially ,- 
when  it  became  a  professed  attack  on 
Fielding.  In  1751  Fielding  had  many 
enemies  in  London  quite  ready  enough  to 
assist  Owen  who,  in  fact,  published  in  that 
year  an  '  Examen  of  Tom  Jones,'  a  malicious- 
criticism  of  the  novel. 

It  was  not  uncommon  at  that  period  for 
books  sold  in  London  to  be  printed  in  the 
country.  In  1766  the  first  edition  of 
Goldsmith's  '  Vicar  of  Wakefield  '  pub- 
lished by  Xewbery  of  Pater  Noster  Row 
was  printed  by  B.  Collins  in  Salisbury. 

In  1782  an  edition  of  the  « Apology ' 
was  produced  by  J.  and  R.  Tonson  and 
other  London  publishers 

"omitting    the    parallel between    Mr.    Carew 

and  Tom  Jones The  remarks  on  Mr.  Fielding's 

performance  being  so  very  ill-natured  and  appeared 
much  more  like  private  pique  than  candid  criti- 
cism." 

There  is  one  point  that  gives  secret  satis- 
faction to  those  with  friendly  feelings 
towards  Fielding.  One  of  Carew's  victims 
was  Mrs.  Rhodes  of  Kingsbridge  from  whom 
the  arch  villain  obtained  money  by  false- 
pretences.  Had  Fielding's  detractors  only 
known  that  this  lady,  as  Sarah  Andrew,  had 
been  his  first  love  what  scurrility  they  would 
have  indulged  in  ! 

One  word  in  praise  of  the  book.  It  is 
invaluable  to  the  topographer.  The  frauds 
of  the  itinerant  were  practised  over  so  wide 
an  area  that  he  obtained  an  extensive  and 
detailed  knowledge  of  places  in,  and  a  wide 
acquaintance  with  the  inhabitants  of,  Devon, 
Somerset,  Dorset,  Hampshire  and  Cornwall, 
and  to  such  purpose  that  the  work  may 
not  inaptly  be  called  a  Georgian  Kelly's 
Directory  of  those  counties. 

In  1810  Thomas  Price,  of  Poole  in  Devon,, 
had  access  to  Carew's  journals  which  were 
then  said  to  be  in  the  possession  of  his^ 
family.  Are  these  still  extant  ? 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTBO. 

1  Essex  Court,  Temple. 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [i2s.viii.  FEB.  12, 1921. 


The  British  Museum  contains  no  copy  of 
&  Western  Miscellany,  nor  does  the  Tercen- 
tenary Handlist  refer  to  such  a  magazine. 
The  Weekly  Miscellany  and  Weekly  Enter- 
tainer of  Sherborne  are  correctly  described 
in  it.  They  are  two  distinct  periodicals,  not 
•one  and  the  same.  Vol  v.  of  the  Weekly 
Miscellany,  printed  by  "  R.  Goadby," 
pp.  1-660,  began  on  Oct.  2,  1775  and  ended 
-on  Mar.  25,  1776. 

Vol.  iii.  of  the  Weekly  Entertainer  (the 
earliest  at  the  British  Museum)  began  with 
page  1  on  Jan.  5,  1784.  It  was  printed  by 
M  R.  Goadby  and  Co."  X. 

TERRESTRIAL  GLOBES  (12  S.  viii  69).— 
^Globes  have  been  known,  as  Prof.  E.  Raven- 
-stein  has  pointed  out,  from,  at  least,  the 
latter  part  of  the  thirteenth  century,  Cam- 
pano  having  written  and  published  1261-4 
a  'Tractatus  de  Sphera  Solida  '  in  which  he 
•describes  the  manufacture  of  globes  in 
Jwood  and  metal. 

Thomas  Hood  published  several  works  on 
nautical  matters  and  amongst  them  '  The 
Use  of  both  the  Globes,  Celestial  and  Terres- 
trial,' &c.,  in  1592.  In  1594  Robertus  Hues 
published  a  '  Tractatus  de  Globes  et  eorum 
Usu,  accommodatus  us  qui  Londini  editi 
fiunt  anno  1593,  &c.'  In  the  same  year, 
1594,  M.  Blundevile  published  a  treatise  on 
the  subject  and  dedicated  it  to  "  all  young 
•gentlemen  of  this  realm."  In  1659  Joseph 
3Moxon,  hydrographer  to  the  king  published 
'A  Tutor  to  Astronomie,  &c.,  or  an  easy  and 
speedy  way  to  know  the  use  of  both  the 
Globes,  Celestial  and  Terrestial.'  Similar 
treatises  were  published  by  W.  Fisher  in 
1680. 

In  1703  John  Harris  published  a  descrip- 
tion and  "  Uses  "  of  both  Globes  which  was 
issued  again,  revised,  by  Joseph  Harris, 
third  edition,  1734.  This  last  was  printed 
'by  Thomas  Wright,  who,  in  the  advertise- 
ment, announced  that  he  had  made  large 
Orrerys  for  noblemen — and  small  ones  for 
schools,  and  by  E.  Cushee  who  described 
himself  as  "  Globe  maker,  &c." 
*•  The  writer  has  a  pair  .which  measure 
3  in.  in  diameter  and  date  from  about  1800, 
-and  one  large  one  dated  1799.  H.  HANNAN. 

West  Farleigb. 

A  sixteenth-century  globe  was  offered 
•for  sale  in  Munich  in  1903  (Geographical 
.Journal,  xxii.,  November,  1903,  p.  573). 
Revue  de  Geographic,  xxxvii.,  September, 
1895,  p.  175,  is  also  quoted  in  the  note. 

J.  ARDAGH. 


ZELLA  TRELAWNY  (12  S.  viii.  88).— See 
"Deaths  "  in  The  Times  of  May  11,  1906. 
Zella  Trelawny  Olguin,  widow  of  Joseph 
Olguin,  M.R.C.S.,  and  daughter  of  John 
Edward  Trelawny,  died  at  Hove,  Sussex, 
on  May  8,  1906.  The  Times,  on  Mar.  27, 
1912,  recorded  the  death  on  Mar.  26,  at 
Streatham,  of  Joseph  Trelawny  Olguin, 
Trelawny 's  grandson,  aged  56.  He  had 
been  manager  of  the  River  Plate  Gas 
Company,  Buenos  Ayres. 

STEPHEN  WHEELER. 

Oriental  Club,  Hanover  Square. 

'  MRS.  DRAKE  REVIVED  '  (12  S.  viii.  88).— 
The  book  referred  to  is 

"  The    Firebrand    taken    out    of    the    Fire  ;    Or,. 
The  Wonderfull    History,  Case  and  Cure  of  Mis 
Drake,    sometimes    the    wife    of    Francis    Drake 

of    Esher Esq."    (London,    1647,    1654,    ar.d 

1782.) 

The  secondary  title  is  '  Trodden  downe 
Strength,  or,  Mrs.  Drake  Revived.'  It  is 
a  pitiable  tale  of  a  lady  (Miss  Joan  Tothill) 
married  against  her  will,  who  fell  into 
melancholy  and  occasional  hysterics,  and 
was  only  released  from  them  by  death.  Xo 
fewer  than  six  divines  interested  themselves 
in  the  case,  namely  Mr.  Dod  (probably  John 
Dod  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  d.  1645)  ; 
Archbishop  Ussher  ;  John  Forbes  (the  pastor 
at  Middelburg,  d.  1634),  who,  after  a  "  tough 
dispute,"  was  quite  out-matched  by  her  ; 
Robert  Bruce  (of  Edinburgh,  d.  1631),  who 
composed  a  ' '  patheticall  speech"  for  the 
lady  to  address  to  Satan,  here  printed  in 
full  (in  which  the  addressee  is  soundly 
trounced)  ;  Thomas  Hooker,  who  subse- 
quently went  to  New  England :  and  Dr. 
John  Preston,  afterwards  Master  of  Em- 
manuel College,  Cambridge  (d.  1628).  One 
"  thundering  preacher,  Mr.  [John]  Rogers  of 
Dedham  "  (d.  1636)  wisely  declined  to  inter- 
fere in  any  way.  John  Dod  was  the  most 
persistent  tormentor,  being  in  and  out  of 
the  house  from  the  first,  until  at  last  after 
some  ecstatic  visions  the  poor  woman  died 
quietly.  It  may  be  doubted  whether  her 
husband  used  judicious  measures  to  cure 
the  melancholy,  for  when  Mistress  Drake 
heard  Mr.  Dod  coming  and  flew  upstairs  to 
her  room  and  locked  the  door,  Mr. -Drake 
"  took  tie  great  iron  forke  in  his  hand,  and 
run  up  after  her,  threatning  to  beat  down  the 
door." 

As  to  Mr.  Bruce,  she 

"  now  having  a  fit  person  to  rough  hew  her 
(as  it  were),  whom  she  could  neither  weary  out 
nor  over-come  in  Argument. ..  .there  every 
way  fell  out  strong  disputes  betwixt  thexn...^ 
Satan  delighting  still  to  rase  new  uprores  in  her.' 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  12, 1921]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


The  poor  thing,  when  she  came  to  die 
*'  caused  herself  to  be  dressed  from  top  tc 
toe  all  in  white,"  as  a  bride.  Your  readers 
have  now  probably  had  enough,  and  A.  T.  M 
•too.  The  occurrences  must  all  have  taken 
place  about  1610-20,  at  Esher  in  Surrey 
.{where  Mr.  Drake  was  patron  of  the  living 
•except  that  the  last  few  weeks  were  spent 
&t  Shardeloes,  near  Amersham,  where  she 
'was  buried. 

The    first    edition   is   *'by   Hart    On-hi,' 
i.e.,  John  Hart,  who  is  nowhere  mentioned 
*he  others  are  anonymous.     All  three  edi- 
tions   are    in    the    British    Museum,    under 
Hart's  name.  FAMA. 

Oxford. 

The  late  Sir  W.  R.  Drake,  F.S.A.,  notes 
in  his  *  Devonshire  Notes  and  Notelets  '  : 

"  It  is  this  Mrs.  Joan  Drake,  whose  peculiar 
melancholia  is  narrated  in  a  curious  and  rare 
pamphlet  printed  in  1647,  intituled  '  Trodden - 
•down  Strength,  by  the  God  of  Strength,  or  Mrs. 
Drake  revived  ;  shewing  her  strange  and  rare  case 
great  and  many  uncouth  afflictions  for  some 
years  together  ;  together  with  the  strange  and 
wonderful  manner  how  the  Lord  revealed  himself 
Tin  to  her  a  few  days  before  her  death.'  Her 
husband  appears  to  have  considered  that  his 
wife's  disease  was  more  fitted  for  the  care  of 
learned  Divines  than  of  Physicians,  as  he  called 
to  his  aid  to  preach  to  her  several  church  cele- 
•brities,  including  the  Rev.  John  Dod,  and  the 
Eev.  Mr.  Hooker.  It  is  recorded  by  Manning 
and  Bray  (  *  Hist,  of  Surrey,'  fo.,  vol.  ii.  p.  746, 
note)  that  Mrs.  Drake  when  dying  caused  herself 
to  be  dressed  in  white,  like  a  bride,  and  desired 
to  be  so  buried,  which  was  done." 

CAREY  P.  DRAKE. 
Yat  tendon. 

"THE  ASHES"  (12  S.  viii.  110). — It  is 
astonishing  what  a  number  of  inaccurate 

1  .and  misleading   statements   have   appeared 
in  print  respecting  the  origin  of  this  term 

i  in  relation  to  the  cricket  matches  between 

i  English    and    Australian    teams.     For    ex- 
ample, soir.e  twenty  years  ago  that  eminent 

I  cricketer,  Mr.  P.  F.  Warner,  brought  out  a 
hook  entitled  'How  we  recovered  the 
Ashes."  It  was  originally  published  by 
v'.hapman  &  Hall  and  subseqiiently  in  a 
cheaper  form  by  George  Newnes  in  1905. 
The  epitaph  which  created  "The  Ashes" 
figured  as  a  frontispiece  to  this  book,  and 
it  was  stated  to  have  appeared  in  Punch. 
That,  so  far  as  I  know,  started  the  mis- 
,  apprehension. 

In  The  Morning  Post  of  the  22nd  ult. 
a  paragraph  appearecj,  commencing,  "It 
jwas  our  old  friend,  'Mr.  Punch,'  who  in- 
| vented  the  *  Ashes  '  "  ;  and  now,  I  observe 


from  the  editorial  footnote  to  ANXIOUS 
ENQUIRER  that  the  Intelligence  Depart- 
ment of  The  Times  attributes  the  ~  his- 
torical epitaph  to  The  Sporting  Life. 

The  truth  of  the  matter  is  as  follows. 
On  Aug.  29,  1882,  a  memorable  match  at  the 
Oval  terminated  by  Murdoch's  Australian 
team  defeating  the  English  Eleven  by 
seven  runs.  Four  days  later,  viz.,  in  its 
issue  of  Sept.  2,  The  Sporting  Times  printed 
the  following  epitaph  with  a  black- edged 
border  : — 

Jn  Affectionate  Remembrance 

of 

ENGLISH  CRICKET 

Which  died  at  the  Oval  on  29th  August,  1882. 

Deeply  lamented  by  a  large  circle  of  sorrowing 

friends  and  acquaintances. 

R.I.P. 
N.B.— The  body  will  be  cremated  and  the  Ashes 

taken  to  Australia. 

In  the  autumn  of  1882  the  Hon.  Ivo  Bligh 
(now  Lord  Darnley)  took  out  a  team  to 
Australia.  They  played  in  all  17  matches. 
They  won  9,  lost  3,  and  5  were  drawn.  Of 
these,  4  were  called  test  matches  and  each 
team  won  two  apiece.  Anyhow,  our  eleven 
were  deemed  to  have  recovered  the  "  Ashes  " 
in  that  season,  for  the  ladies  of  Australia 
presented  Mr.  Bligh  with  a  little  urn  con- 
taining them  which  now  reposes  in  his 
smoking  room  at  Cobham  Hall,  Kent.  A 
picture  of  it  recently  appeared  in  The  Daily 
Mail  as  well  as  in  one  of  the  illustrated 
weeklies.  WLLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

"RIGGES"  AND  "GRANPOLES"  (12  S. 
viii.  71). — These  names  which  occur  in  an 
enumeration  of  "royal  fishes,"  temp. 
harles  II.  are  referable  to  two  kinds  of 
shark.  "Rig,"  commonly  known  to  sea- 
coast  fishermen  nowadays  as  "Tope  "  and 
'Toper,"  a  widely  distributed  species,  is 
Galeus  vulgaris.  "  Granpole,"  i.e.,  big-head, 
is  the  Basking  Shark  (Selache  maxima]  our 
argest  British  fish,  locally  known  as  the 
'  broad-headed  gazer. ' '  Both  are  well  figured 
>y  Couch  and  Day  in  their  respective  works 
on  British  fishes. 

In  August,  1917,  I  received  a  photograph 

f  a  large  basking    shark  which  had  been 

recently    captured    off    Carradale,    Kintyre, 

and   was    labelled    "Broad-headed    Gazer." 

This  established  its  identity.     The  dimen- 

iions   were    not    given,    but    the    length    of 

inother  specimen  from  the  Isle  of  Wight 

preserved    in    the    British    Museum    (Nat. 

Hist.)  was  ascertained  to  be  28  ft.    10  in., 

he  length  of  its  huge  head  being  6  ft.  10  in. 

J.  E.  HARTIXG. 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  FEE,  12, 1021. 


PAUL  MARNY  (12  S.  viii.  88). — The 
following  very  fine  pictures  by  this  artist 
are  still  in  my  collection  : — 

(a)  Tournay. 

(6)  Tremouille  Hotel,  Paris. 

(c)  Brighton       Sands.     My     late      father 
(Thomas   Hughes,   F.S.A.,   of  Chester)   had 
two  others  which  he  sold  : 

(d)  Fecamp  Abbey. 

(e)  Pont  L'Eveque. 

Marny  used  to  reside  at  Scarborough,  but> 
if  living,  must  be  a  very  old  man. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

Paul  Marny  was  a  Frenchman  by  birth, 
but  spent  most  of  his  life  at  Scarborough, 
where  he  died  1914,  aged  85.  He  was  first 
employed  at  the  Sevres  China  works  as  a 
decorator.  Early  in  life  he  came  to  Scar- 
borough and  annually  visited  the  Continent 
to  secure  views  and  sketches. 

E.  E.  LEGGATT. 

62  Cheapside,  E.C.2. 

LADY  ANNE  GRAHAM  (12  S.  viii.  70,  116). 
• — I  doubt  if  her  husband  could  have  proved 
his  descent  from  the  Crahams  of  Dalkeith. 
That  family  ended  in  the  middle  of  the 
fourteenth  century  in  two  heiresses,  one  of 
whom  married  into  the  Douglas  family 
who  held  the  estate  until  1642  or  so,  when 
it  was  acquired  by  the  Scotts  who  still  hold 
it.  It  is  Lady  Anne's  own  history  that  is 
'wanted,  1  know.  But  if  one  was  sure  who 
her  husband  was  it  ,.night  simplify  matters. 
J.  L.  ANDERSON. 

Edinburgh. 

MORGAN  PHILLIPS  OR  PHILLIP  MORGAN 
(12  S.  viii.91). — '  Alumni  Oxonienses  '  gives 
the  following  : — 

"  Morgan  Philipps,  died  1570  ;  Catholic  Divine  ; 
native  of  Monmouthshire  ;  entered  Oxford,  1533; 
Bector  of  Cuddington,  Oxford,  1543  ;  Principal 
of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Oxford,  1545-6." 

MR.  WILLIAMS  may  be  able  to  identify 
him  as  being  a  member  of  the  family  of 
Morgan  Wolf  alias  Philips,  mentioned  in 
Lyson's  '  Environs  ' — as  being  the  owners 
of  the  manors  of  Little  Ilford,  Leyton  anc 
Woodford,  in  Essex  in  1541. 

A  genealogy  of  this  family  is  given  in  the 
Visitation  of  Essex,  under  the  name  of 
Morgan  Wolf  of  Gwerne  (which  I  take  to  be 
a  shortened  form  of  Gwernesney,  in  Mon 
mouthshire).  Two  generations  are  referrec 
to  in  the  genealogy  as  Philip  Morgan 
whereas  Lysons  calls  them  Morgan  Philips. 
WALTER  H.  PHILLIPS. 


Gillow  in  his  '  Biographical  Dictionary  of" 
nglish  Catholics,'  vol.  v.  p.  303,  says  :— 

"  Morgan  Phillips,  divine,  a  native  of  Mon- 
mouthshire, and  nephew  of  Henry  Morgan,  the 
ast  Catholic  bishop  of  St.  David's,  entered  the 
Jniversity  of  Oxford  in  or  about  1533,  where, 
Wood  says,  '  he  was  commonly  called  Morgan 
he  sophist  er.'  He  was  elected  a  fellow  of  Oriel! 
College,  Apr.  17,  1538.  He  was  rector  of  Cud- 
dington, principal  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  and  one  of 
he  triumviri  who  publicly  disputed  agairst  Peter 
Martyr.  In  1549  he  was  presented  to  the  vicarage 
f  St.  Winnock,  Pembrokeshire.  Through  con- 
scientious motives  he  resigned  his  principalship 
of  St.  Mary's  Hall  in  1550  and  shortly  after  the 
restoration  of  religion  in  1553  he  became  pre- 
centor of  St.  David's  Cathedral.  Upon  the 
accession  of  Elizabeth  he  was  deprived  ard  with- 
drew to  Louvain.  In  the  autumn  of  1567  he  set 
out  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Rome  in  the  company  of 
lis  former  pupil,  William  Allen,  and  of  Dr.- 
Vendeville.  He  co-operated  with  Allen  in 
establishing  tb,e  College  at  Douay,  resided  there 
!rom  its  opening  until  his  death,  Aug.  18,  1570_ 
To  Douay  he  left  his' whole  property." 

Gillow  gives  as  sources  for  an  account  of 
his  life  :  Bliss,  Wood's  '  Athen.  Oxon.'  ; 
Dodd,  '  Ch.  Hist.,'  i.  ;  Foster,  *  Alum. 
Oxon.' ;  Records  of  Eng.  Caths.  i.,  xxv.? 
xxx.— i.,  3,  5  ;  Lewis,  *  Sanders  Angl.  Schism  '; 
Bridgewater,  '  Concertatio,'  1594,  404b. 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

According  to  the  'D.N.B.,'  which  gives- 
his  surname  as  Philipps  or  Philippes,  he  was 
a  native  of  Monmouthshire.  He  cannotr 
strictly  speaking,  be  called  a  founder  of  the 
English  College  at  Douav.  When  Dr.- 
William  Allen  started  the  College  in  1568 
he  had  four  English  students  of  theology r 
and  two  Belgian.  The  writer  of  the  First 
Diary,  after  recording  their  names,  says  : — • 

"  Huic  porro  coetui  continenter  se  adjuiixit 
D.  Morgan  us  Philippus,  venerabilis  sacerdos, 
quondam  ejusdem  Alani  in  Universitate  Oxoniensfc 
praeceptor,  nunc  vero  ejus  in  hoc  sancto  opere  et 
vivus  coadjutor  et  moriens  insignis  benefactor." 
Then  writing  of  the  year  1570,  he  says  :— 

"  Mortem,  obiit  eodem.  anno  die  18  August, 
praefatus  Dominus  Morganus  Philippus,  qur 
testamento  suo  D.  Alanum  unicum  omnium 
suorum  temporalium  bonorum  constituit  haere- 
dem,  bonam  ei  pecuniarum  summam  reliquens  " 
(see  T.  F.  Knox,  '  Douay  Diaries  '  (London,  1878)r 
pp.  3,  5). 

Morgan  Philipps  took  the  degree  of  M.A. 
at  Oxford  in  1542,  and  was  B.D.  before 
1546.  He  became  Precentor  of  St.  David's 
in  1554,  and  held  two  prebends  at  Exeter, 
and  the  livings  of  Harberton,  Devon,  and 
St.  Winnocks,  Pembrokeshire.  He  was  de- 
prived of  all  these  preferments  soon  after  the 
accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  was ; 


12  s.  viii.  FEE,  i2s  1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


succeeded  at  St.  David's  in  1559,  at  Hars- 
berton  in  1560,  and  in  his  two  prebends  at 
Exeter  in  1561  and  1562  respectively.  He 
was  nephew  to  Henry  Morgan,  Bishop  of  St. 
David's,  and  is  often  called  Philip  Morgan 
(Wood's  '  Fast.,'  i.  105),  under  which  name 
he  occurs  in  «  S.  P.  Dom.  Add.  Eliz.,1 
xi.  45,  in  which  paper  he  is  supposed  to  be 
in  Herefordshire,  but  had  probably  already 
fled  to  Louvain.  JOHN  B.  WATNTSWBIGHT. 

PIGUETJIT  (CAESAB  AND  DANBY)  (12  S. 
iv.  218). — It  seems  probable  that  these  are 
two  descriptions  of  the  same  boy,  as  I  find 
Caesar  Danby  Piguenit  (not  Pigueuit),  a 
bookseller,  living  or  carrying  on  business  in 
1774  in  Berkeley  Square  (Westminster  Poll 
Book)  and  in  1791  at  8  Aldgate  (Directory). 
J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

PROBLEM  OF  VAGRANCY  IN  THE  EIGH- 
TEENTH CENTURY  (12  S.  viii.  81). — Denys 
Rolle's  complaint  that  "the  expenditure  for 
removals  and  on  litigation  for  settlements 
would  suffice  for  a  grea't  deal  more  than  the 
real  wwits  of  the  Poor  "  finds  weighty 
support  in  Henry  Fielding's  '  Enquiry  into 
the  Causes  of  the  late  Increase  of  Robbers,' 
1751,  where,  in  section  6,  he  remarks  : — 

"  The  several  Acts  of  Parliament  relating  to  the 
settlement,  or  rather  removal  of  the  poor,  though 
very  imperfectly  executed,  are  pretty  generally 
known,  the  nation  having  paid  some  millions 
to  Westminster  Hall  for  a  knov/ledge  of  them." 

J.    P.    DE    C. 

SPENCER  TURNER  (12  S.  viii.  91).— 
Turner's  oak  (Quercus  Turner  i],  reputed  to  be 
a  hybrid  between  the  evergreen  ilex  and  the 
English  oak,  was.  raised,  says  Mr.  W.  J. 
Bean  of  Kew,  in  Spencer  Turner's  nursery 
at  Hollo  way  Down  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

Monreith. 

MAUNDRELL'S  «  JOURNEY  FROM  ALEPPO 
TO  JERUSALEM, 'EASTER,  1697  (12  S.  viii.  89). 
— According  to  Brunet's  'Manuel': — 

"L'Excellente  relation  du  voyage  d«  Henry 
Maundrell  d'Aleppo  a  Jerusalem  A.D.  1697,  fut 
imprimee  pour  la  premiere  tois  a  Oxford  tn.  1699, 
in  8°  " 

H.  KREBS. 

The  first  edition  of  this  book  was  pub- 
lished at  the  Theater,  Oxford,  in  1703,  and 
3  followed  by  others  in  1707,  '14,  '21, 
'32,  '40,  '49,  1800,  '10,  '11,  '12,  '47,,  and  '48  ; 
the  third,  fourth,  and  tenth  editions,  pub- 
lished in  1714,  '21,  and  1821  respectively, 
have  additional  journeys  described,  and  the 


Travels  '  have  been  included  in  collected 
editions  such  as  Harris,  Moore  and  Pinker- 
ton's  Collections  of  Voyages  and  Travels. 
It  is  also  completely  reprinted  in  Bohn's 
collection  of  'Early  Travels  in  Palestine,' 
1848.  I  can  find  no  record  of  a  ninth 
edition.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

NORTONS  IN  IRELAND  (12  S.  viii.  50). — 
I  think  it  probable  that  one  of  the  Nortons 
of  Southwick  settled  in  Ireland.  A  cousin 
of  theirs,  Capt.  John  WMtehead,  third  son 
of  Col.  Richard  Whitehead  of  West  Tytherley, 
Hants,  was  living  in  Wicklow  in  1688,  and 
it  is  possible  that  he  went  over  to  Ireland  in 
company  with  Norton  relations.  Both 
families  were  staunch  Parliamentarians,  the 
Whiteheads  certainly  up  to  the  date  of  the 
Seclusion.  If  your  correspondent  were  to 
trace  the  Whiteheads  in  Wicklow,  he  might 
obtain  some  information  as  to  Nortons,  and 
I  should  be  glad  to  hear  from  him  thereon. 
I  suppose  he  is  aware  that  the  large  estates 
of  the  Nortons  of  Southwick  devolved  upon 
the  Whiteheads  of  Tytherley,  on  the  death 
of  the  last  Rd.  Norton. 

BENJAMIN  WHITEHEAD. 

2  Brick  Court,  Temple,  E.C.4. 

WILLIAM  HOLDER  (12  S.  viii.  90). — There 
is  a  tablet  in  the  parish  church  of  St.  James 
in  the  Island  of  Barbados,  recording  the 
deaths  of  the 

"  Hon  William  Holder,  li  Aug.,  1706,  aged  48  ; 
Mrs.  Susanna  his  wife,  12  March,  1725,  aged  57  ; 
William  their  grandson,  14  Aug.,  1752,  aged  31  ; 
who  were  all  buried  at  the  family  estate  of  Black- 
rock." 

The  vault  may  be  still  seen  in  a  cane 
piece  near  the  house,  and  on  the  white 
marble  slab  is  an  inscription  as  above,  but 
with  the  addition  of — 

"  Mrs.  Eliz.,  wife  of  above  William.,  died  in 
England,  19  June,  1783,  buried  at  Hinton  in 
Somersetshire." 

It  is  obvious  that  the  grandson  was  the 
Westminster  boy.  In  his  will  dated  Aug.  13, 
1752,  sworn  Oct.  17,  1752,  and  proved 
Feb.  1,  1753  [P.C.C.  47  Searle]  he  named 
his  mother  Mary  Ashley,  his  wife  Eliz.,  and 
devised  Hillaby  plantation  to  his  son 
William,  and  Blackrock  to  his  son  James, 
both  sons  to  be  sent  to  England  at  the  age 
of  nine.  They  were  accordingly  entered  at 
Eton  in  1759  and  later  at  Oxford.  Elizabeth 
the  widow  died  in  King  Square,  Bristol. 
Will  [359  Cornwallis].  In  the  churchyard 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Philip,  Barbados,  is  a 
slab  with  a  Jacobean  shield  bearing  crest  : 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vin.FKB.i2, 1021. 


out  of  a  coronet  a  lion  sejant.  Arms  : 
Argent,  between  three  griffins  segreant  a  bar 
indented,  and  inscription  to  John  Holder, 
Esq.,  died  Mar.  22,  1724,  aged  31.  He  was 
probably  the  missing  father.  The  above 
coat  is  apparently  that  of  a  family  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire, whose  pedigree  was  in  the 
'Visitation  '  of  1619.  The  first  immigrants 
seem  to  have  been  Melatia  Holder,  who 
became  agent  for  the  island  in  Londom, 
where  he  cl.  in  1706  s.p.m.  Will  [147  Eedes]. 
John.  Holder  (I  think  his  brother)  was  of 
St.  Joseph's  parish  in  1666,  owner  of 
400  acres  in  1673,  will  recorded  in  the 
island  office  in  1,684. 

These  local  wills  I  have  not  seen. 


Sunninghill. 


V.  L.  OLIVEB,  F.S.A. 


THE  TTJRLTTPINS  (TTJRBULINES)  (12  S. 
viii.  90). — Possibly  this  is  a  late  variation  of 
Turlupins  of  whom  T.  Williams  in  '  A 
Dictionary  of  All  Religions,'  third  London 
edition,  date  of  preface,  1823,  writes  : — 

"  A  sect  of  enthusiasts,  which  appeared  about 
the  year  1372,  in  Savoy  and  Daupbiny.  They 
taught,  that  when  a  man  is  arrived  at  a  certain 
state  of  perfection,  he  is  freed  from  all  subjection 
to  the  divine  law,  which  we  call  Antinomianism. 
John  Debantonne  was  the  author  of  this  de- 
nomination. Some  think  they  were  called  Tur- 
lupins, because  they  usually  abode  in  desolate 
places,  exposed  to  wolves,  lupi." 

'  A  New  General  English  Dictionary  ' 
begun  by  Thomas  Dyche,  finished  by 
William  Pardon,  tenth  edition,  1758,  gives 
a  very  similar  account  of  their  tenets,  adding 
that  they  held 

"  That  God  was  to  be  applied  to  only  by 
mental  prayer.  They  practised  the  most  ob- 
scene matters  in  publick,  and  went  naked  both 
men  and  women,  and  yet  to  recommend  them- 
selves, they  pretended  to  extraordinary  degrees 
of  spirituality  and  devotion.  They  called  them- 
selves the  fraternity  of  the  poor  ;  Dauphiny  and 
Savoy  were  the  principal  places  they  appeared  in, 
whence  by  a  severe  punishment  they  were  also 
quickly  extirpated." 

Landais  in  his  '  Grand  Dictionnaire,'  four- 
teenth edition,  1862,  in  the  complement  says 
that  the  Turlupins  issued  from  the  Vaudois 
of  the  Dauphine,  and  were  mostly  to  be 
found  in  the  Netherlands.  Under  the 
orders  of  Charles  V.  of  France  most  of  those 
in  France  were  burnt. 

According  to  the  '  Dictionnaire  des  Dates,' 
1845,  the  sect  was  excommunicated  by 
Pope  Gregory  XI.  in  1372. 

Landais  quotes  the  proverb  "  Malheureux 
comme  turlupins." 


Le  Roux  de  Lincy  in  '  Le  Livre  des  Pro- 
verbes     Fra^ais,'     second     edition,      1859,. 
vol.  ii.  p.  66,  writes  of  them  as  "heretics  of. 
the  sect  of  the  Vaudois,"  and  gives,  appar- 
ently  as   quoted  by  Ducange,   s.v.,    "  Tur- 
lupini,"  an  ancient  verse  chronicle  : — 
L'an  MCCCLXXII  je  vous  dis  tout  pour  voir 
Furent  les  Turlupins  condamnes  a  ardoir. 

He  also  gives  the  proverb,  "Enfant  de* 
Turlupin,  malheureux  de  nature."  He  says* 
nothing  about  any  indecent  practices. 

Landais  (quoted  above)  says  that  the 
Turlepins  were  also  called  "  Begards  " ; 
Boyer  in  his  '  Dictionnaire  Francois- Anglois,' 
1748,  says  that  they  were  called  also 
"  Fraticelli. "  Begards  according  to  Landais- 
were  sectaries,  partisans  of  an  extreme  per- 
fection who  later  permitted  all  excesses. 

The  Turlupins  were  very  possibly  much 
the  same  in  their  tenets  and  practices  as  the- 
Vaudois  and  the  Fraticelli.  Bayle  in  his 
Dictionary  —  English  translation,  1710r 
p.  1360 — gives  stories  of  the  Fraticelli  attri- 
buting to  them  worse  excesses  than  t hose- 
told  of  the  Turlupins,  but  at  the  same  time 
quotes  "  an  illustrious  Protestant  "  (Du 
Plessis)  who  denies  that  the  Fraticelli  were- 
guilty  of  enormities.  Apparently  they  were- 
very  active  heretics. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

In  his  'Hussite  Wars'  (p.  117),  Count 
Liitzow  states  that  the  direct  fore-runners 
of  the  Adamites  were  the  "  so-called  Tur- 
lupins "  in  France.  He  shows  that  the- 
Turlupin  doctrines  passed  to  Austria,  thence- 
to  Bohemia,  early  in  the  fourteenth  century. 
Opponents  of  the  Hussites  puiposely  con- 
fused them  with  the  Adamites,  but  the  grim 
general,  Jan  Zizka,  destroyed  a  number  of 
the  former  near  Tabor.  The  writer  knows 
the  Hussite  stronghold  Tabor,  with  the- 
baptismal  pond  "Jordan,"  and  the  pretty 
valley  of  the  Luzhnitsa,  where  these  mis- 
guided folk  tried  to  establish  a  "garden  of 
Eden."  FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

The  sect  meant  are  certainly  the  Turlupins- 
who  were  especially  active  in  France  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  V.  Robert  Gaguin  men- 
tions them  briefly  in  the  ninth  book  of  his 
'Compendium  super  Francorum  gestis/ 
There  is  an  account  of  the  heresy  in  the 
ScharT-Herzog  'Religious  Encyclopaedia,'  ed. 
1909.  See  also  H.  C.  Lea's  'History  of  the 
Inquisition,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  126  and  158. 
"Turlupins"  was  apparently  a  nickname,, 
the  origin  of  which  is  uncertain. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


12  s.  vm.  FEB.  12,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


LEIGH  HUNT  (12  S.  viii.  91 ).— The  '  Dirge 
does  not  appear  in  the  later  (3  vol.)  edition 
(1901-3)     of     'Chambers's     Cyclopaedia    of 
English  Literature.' 

H.  M.  CHARTERS  MACPHERSON. 

Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club,  Pall  Mall,  S.W.I 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED. — 

(12  S.  viii.  91.) 

In  reply  to  L.H.P.,  the  first  quotation  —  "  My 
hold  of  the  colonies,"  &c. — is  from  Burke's  famous 
speech  on  the  American  question.  It  is  wel 
worth  study  to-day 

G.  A.  H.  SAMUEL,  Cadet  Major  (ret.). 


0n 


Studies  in  Islamic  Poetry.  By  Reynold  Alleyne 
Nicholson.  (Cambridge  University  Press, 
£1  6s.  net.) 

DR.  NICHOLSON,  in  his  Preface,  tells  us  that 
these  Studies,  written  during  the  war,  grew  out 
of  a  wish  to  impart  some  things  he  had  enjoyed 
in  Arabic  and  Persian  not  only  to  fellow-students 
but  also  to  others  who,  without  being  specialists, 
are  interested  in  the  literature  and  philosophy 
of  the  East.  We  should  like  to  extend  the  range 
of  his  appeal.  His  work,  we  hope,  will  serve  to 
arouse  interest  in  readers  to  whom  Arabic  and 
Persian  literature  have  so  far  been  a  closed  book. 
When  one  considers  how  old,  and  widely  ramified, 
and  deep-penetrating,  is  the  connection  between 
England  and  the  East  it  is  curious  how  tittle 
present  to  the  ordinary  cultivated  Englishman 
are  Eastern  letters  and  Eastern  thought.  Their 
existence,  just  beyond  his  visible  horizon,  is 
known  :  but  they  cannot  be  said  in  more  than  a 
few  cases  even  to  form  an  indistinct  background 
uiioii  any  quarter  of  it.  This  is  doubly  to  be 
regretted  —  first,  because  whatever  is  not  thus 
within  the  horizon  of  the  average  educated  person, 
will  fail  to  be  really  operative  in  national  opinion 
.•end  action;  and  secondly,  because  Oriental  litera- 
ture illustrates  the  human  spirit  in  a  manner 
that  we  cannot  properly  afford  to  ignore,  whether 
we  seek  letters  for  enjoyment  or  for  instruction. 
To  those  who  either  know  nothing  of  the  subject, 
or  whose  ideas  upon  it  have  been  merely  filtered 
t'»  them  through  Western  romantic  versions  of 
Eastern  story  in  verse  or  prose,  this  book  may 
be  emphatically  recommended. 

The  first  chapter  is  a  study  of  the  most  ancient 

!  literary    compilation    in    Persian,    the    '  Lubab  ' 

;  of  Muhammad  'Awfi,  of  which  the  text,  edited  by 

i'rof.  Browne,  was  pxiblished  in  1903-1906.     The 

'•"mpiler    flourished    in    the    latter    half    of    the 

twelfth    century  —  appearing   to   us   but   a   vague 

re,  yet  of  true  Oriental  lineaments.     He  came 

in>m  Bukhara,  lived  as  a  wandering  scholar,  and 

travelling  into  India  played  his  part  at  the  courts 

of    Xasiru'ddin    Qubacha   of   Sind,   and   then   of 

lUtatmish. 

The  '  Lubab  '  is  valuable  almost  solely  as  an 

inthology  —  though  it  cor  tains  also  notices  and 

lyrics  of  poets,  and  what  the  writer  intended 

hould  count  as  history  and  biography.     As  an 

inthology  it  is  a  perfect  treasure-house  —  wherein 


,are  to  be  found,  ranged  in  chronological  order,- 
specimens  of  the  work  of  poets  belonging  to  five 
dynasties  and  covering  a  period  of  about  four 
hundred  years  (A.D.  820-c.  1220). 

The  poems  fall  into  four  main  types  of  which 
the  ghozal  and  the  quatrain  will  probably  awake 
old   echoes   in   most    readers'   minds.     A*  certain 
number  of  the  latter — love  poems  and  mystical1 
pieces — are  not  merely  interesting,  but  beautiful* 
and  worth  making  a  permanent  possession.     Dr.- 
Nicholson's    renderings    are    deft    and    happy — 
best  perhaps,  in  epigram,  but  meritorious  also  hi' 
longer  pieces  by  a  certain  slight  but  well-calculated1' • 
aloofness  from  the  tone  of  ordinary  English  verse ,- 
echoing,  thus,  as  nearly  as  is  possible,  the  original 
untranslatable  tone.      In  general,  the  level  of  the 
work  as  poetry  is  not  actually  of  the  highest,  and 
Dr.    Nicholson,    to   make   the    account   true  and 
complete,  has  included  some  examples  of  worth- 
less and    fulsome    panegyric.       The    qasido — the 
form  of  verse  largely  employed   for  panegyric — 
is,  in  its  rhyming  system,  of  a  hopeless  difficulty 
in   English.      The  opening  couplet  rhymes    and 
this  rhyme  has  to  be  repeated  at  the  end  of  the 
second    hemistich    of    each     succeeding    couplet 
throughout  the  poem.     Dr.   Nicholson  has  con- 
trived to  give  a  short  English  illustration. 

A  work  of  greater  interest  both  as  to  matter 
and  as  to  form  is  dealt  with  in  the  second  chapter- 
on  the  '  Meditations  '  of  Ma'arri.  Ma'arri  him- 
self, whether  he  kindle  indignation  or  sympathy,- 
arrests  the  imagination.  Blind  from  his  child- 
hood, as  a  consequence  of  small-pox,  he  spent 
the  first  years  of  his  youth  in  strenuous  study  iri 
the  chief  towns  of  Syria,  and  the  next  fifteen 
years  in  work  and  poverty  at  Ma'arra,  his  native^' 
town.  Then,  having  made  such  a  reputation 
for  learning  as  would  ensure  his  honourable 
reception  in  the  great  city,  he  journeyed  to 
Baghdad  to  try  his  fortune  there.  He  met  with 
praise,  indeed,  but  with  so  little  support  that 
after  a  sojourn  of  but  eighteen  months,  he 
returned  to  Syria — bitter  at  heart,  and  having  his 
bent  towards  pessimism  confirmed  by  the  rankling 
of  injured  pride.  For  about  fifty  years  he  lived  in 
retirement,  but  a  retirement  in  which  he  not  only 
worked  out  his  great  poem  the  '  Luziuniyyat,' 
but  likewise  dictated  many  works  on  learned 
ubjects  and  taught  a  throng  of  scholars. 

Dr.  Nicholson  gives  a  detailed  and  lucid  account 
of  the  metres  used  in  the  '  Luzi'imiyyat.'  Illus- 
tration of  these  in  English  cannot  be  attempted  so 
far  as  rhyme  is  concerned,  but,  rhyme  being  aban- 
doned, we  are  supplied  with  examples  of  the 
schemes  of  the  four  principal  metres  hi  English, 
and  also — what  is  still  better  for  the  purpose, 
since  the  metres  are  quantitative — in  Latin. 

He  gives  332  excerpts  from  the  work,  some  in 
unrhymed  verse  of  the  form  of  the  original,  others 
n  ordinary  English  metres  rhymed  or  unrhymed. 
EEere,  again,  he  is  to  be  congratulated  on  having 
achieved  considerable  success.     Ma'arri,  in  these 
versions, — we  speak  of  the  cumulative  impression 
made  by  a  careful  reading  of  all  that  is  given 
lere — appears  in  a  sufficiently  true  reflection  of 
limself ,  as  a  poet,   but  a  poet  whose  depth    of 
hough t  and  amazing  skill    lack  the  last    touch 
>f  genius  which  fuses  and  irradiates  ;  as  a  thinker,- 
mt    one    whose    pre-occupation    with    poetry    of 
peat  technical  difficulty,  has  deflected  his  mind 
rom  the  highest  or  central  way  of  pure  philo- 
sophy. 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    i[i2s.  vm.FEB.i2, 1921. 


"  The  pessimism  of  the  '  Luziim,'  says  Dr. 
^Nicholson,  "  wears  the  form  of  an  intense  per- 
vading darkness,  stamping  itself  on  the  mind 
and  deeply  affecting  the  imagination."  This 
expresses  very  happily  the  special  quality  of 
Ma'arri.  The  whole  work  looks  towards  death  : 
and  meanwhile,  the  chafing  captive  of  life,  like 
all  those  whose  thoughts  are  chiefly  expectant, 
whose  attitude  is  that  of  waiting,  has  a  strange 
and  vivid  consciousness  of  time.  In  poetry  so 
resolutely  abstract  as  these  '  Meditations  '  one  is 
not  surprised  that  figures  should  be  few  :  and 
therefore  the  instances  of  a  figurative  present- 
ment of  time  are  the  more  striking.  Like  many 
Eastern  writers  Ma'arri  has  a  special  consciousness 
or  apprehension  of  the  passage  and  alternation  of 
night  and  day — the  two  strong  youths  that  drag 
him  deathwards.  Our  perversity  in  lighting  up 
the  darkness  of  night,  and  living  in  it  so  largely, 
has  no  doubt  blunted  us  to  the  simple  majesty  of 
the  "endless  file."  (It  is  interesting,  by  the  way, 
to  note  that  Emerson,  in  his  fine  lines  on  the 
"hypocritic  Days"  turns,  as  if  by  some  instinct, 
•to  the  East  for  "his  imagery — they  come,  he  says, 
-" muffled  and  dumb  like  barefoot  Dervishes.") 

Dr  Nicholson's  account  of  Ma'arri's  philosophy 
leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  The  writer  of  these 
lines  would  suggest  that  the  full  quality  of  that 
philosophy  might  best  be  savoured  by  means  of  a 
contrast — by  reading,  in  companionship  with  the 

*  Luziim,'  some  western  work  of  about  equal  value 
and  authority  on   kindred  subjects.     'The   Tus- 
culan  Disputations,'  perhaps,  would  serve  as  well  as 

any the  more  instructively  because  the  political 

disturbances  of  the  close  of  the  Roman  Republic 
may    well    compare    with    the    disturbances    of 
Ma'arri's  day  and  people  in  so  far  as  concerns 
their  probable  effect  on  a  cultivated  man's  esti- 
mate of  the  value  of  life.     If  the  East  cherishes  a 
joie  de  mourir  in  place  of  the  much-vaunted  joie 
de    vivre,    there    remains    the    curious    fact    that 
pessimism  of  this  "  intense  pervading  darkness  " 
has  a  stimulating  quality  which  is  absent  from 
the    petulant    or    half-hearted    pessimism    more 
usual  in  the  West. 

The  Oxfordshire  Record  Series.  Vol  II.,  Parochial 
Collections  of  Anthony  a  Wood  and  Richard 
Rawlinson  (first  part).  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
F.  N.  Davis,  B.A.,  B.Litt.  (Oxford,  issued 
for  the  Society,  1920.) 

THIS  is  the  second  volume  issued  by  the  Oxford- 
shire Record  Society,  founded  in  1919  for  printing 
documents  relating  to  the  history  of  the  county. 
'The  first  volume,  issued  last  year,  was  the  Chantry 
Certificates  and  Edwardian  Inventories  of  Church 
goods.  The  present  volume  adds  another  in- 
teresting collection  of  documents  relating  to 
Oxfordshire  churches  and  parishes.  The  tran- 
scription has  been  made  by  the  learned  general 
editor  of  the  series  from  several  manuscript 
volumes  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library  and 
in  the  British  Museum.  The  earlier  collections 
are  the  work  of  Anthony  a  Wood  (1632-95),  the 
latter  of  Richard  Rawlinson  (1690-1755),  the 
well-known  antiquaries.  In  the  present  issue  the 
notes  have  been  arranged  under  the  parishes  in 
alphabetical  order,  and  when  complete  they  will 
probably  extend  to  three  volumes.  This  volume 

•  covers    the     parishes-    Adderbury    to     Cuxham. 
Besides  many  details  ae  to  the  ownership  of    the 


principal  estates  and  various  other  information, 
the  notes  are  very  valuable  as  forming  a  con- 
temporary account  of  monuments  and  inscriptions 
in  the  parish  churches,  not  a  few  of  which  have 
since  perished.  Oxfordshire  antiquaries  will  be 
grateful  to  the  Societ^"  for  making  these  notes  so 
easily  accessible.  Those  who  wish  to  join  the 
Oxfordshire  Record  Society  should  communicate 
with  the  Hon.  Secretary,  10  New  Road,  Oxford, 
or  Rowner  Rectory,  Gosport. 

Fleetwood  Family  Records.     Collected  and  edited 

byR.  W.  Buss.     Parts  V.,  VI.,  VII.     (Privately 

printed,  12s.) 

THIS  new  instalment  of  an  interesting  work  winds 
up  the  whole,  we  regret  to  say,  more  quickly 
than  the  compiler  had  intended  owing  to  diffi- 
culties and  expense  arising  out  of  the  war.  We 
have  in  Part  V.  the  conclusion  of  George  Fle«-t- 
wood's  letter  on  the  battle  of  Lutzen,  a  pedigree 
of  Fleetwood  of  Little  Plumpton  ;  notes  on  the 
two  sieges  of  Preston,  and  a  list  of  the  Fleetwoods 
who  have  served  in  the  Army  or  Navy,  with  a 
biography  of  the  Parliamentarian  General  Charles 
Fleetwood. 

Part  VI.  contains  among  other  things,  two 
pedigrees  (descendants  of  General  Charles  Fleet- 
wood  and  descendants  of  Sir  Edmund  Denny  of 
Cheshunt),  and  a  list  of  vessels  entering  Madras  in 
1700  as  well  as  the  Preface  and  the  Indexes. 
The  Preface  sets  out  an  array  of  miscellaneous 
items,  each  one  of  interest  in  itself,  but  a 
rather  disjointed  collection.  The  range  of  the 
Fleetwoods  in  occupation  and  social  status  seems 
somewhat  unusually  wide. 

Part  VII.  consists  of  illustrations — principally 
portraits — including  a  reproduction  of  that  of 
Milton  at  the  age  of  20. 

Folk- Lore.     December,  1920.     (London,  Glaisher, 

6s.  Qd.) 

THE  contents  of  this  number  are  both  various 
and  important.  Dr.  Bartlett,  in  his  paper  '  Psy- 
chology in  Relation,  to  the  Popular  Story  ' 
suggests  a  combination  of  psychological,  socio- 
logical and  historical  lines  of  research  as  the 
S roper  method  of  the  study  of  the  popular  tale, 
r.  Rivers's  '  Statues  of  Easter  Island  ' — a  deeply 
interesting  article — turns  largely  on  the  signifi- 
cance of  the  crowns  and  wigs  and  other  head- 
dresses with  which  the  statues  are  adorned. 
Under  Collectanea  we  noticed  discussions  of 
Glastonbury  and  the  Grail  Legend  (Mary  A. 
Berkeley)  ;  and  '  Ali  Baba  and  the  Forty  Thieves  ' 
(W.  R.  Halliday),  and  the  number  includes  three 
or  four  good  reviews. 


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128.  VIII.  FEB.  19,1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


141 


LONDON,  FEBRUARY  1'J,  1521. 


CONTENTS.—  No.  149. 


:  _  Nathaniel  Field's  Work  in  the  '*  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher"  Plays,  141  —  Ha/.ebrouck,  143—  Among  the 
Shakespeare  Archives  :  Master  John  Bretchgirdle,  146— 
"  Hogle  Grodeles"—  A  Coachman's  Epitaph—"  Counts  of 
the  Holy  Roman  Empire,"  148—  "  Lhnmig,"  Earl  of 
Chester:  Lymage,  co.  Hants  —  The  Albert  Memorial, 
Hyde  Park—  Dickens,  Mrs.  Blimber,  and  Colley  Cibber, 
149. 

>  )UERIE^  :—  Skelton  of  Hesket  and  Armathwaite  Castle, 
Cumberland—  Arms  :  Identification  sought-  John  Crook, 
Quaker  •.  Portrait  Wanted  —  John  Bear,  Master  of  the 
Free  School  at  Ripon—  Volunteering  in  "The  Forties," 
I?,Q  _  Early  History  of  the  Scottish  and  Irish  Gael  —  "  The 
Sword  of  Bannockburn  "—  Hawke  Family—  Wilson,  the 
•"  Ranger  of  the  Himalayas"  —  Innys  Collection  of  Maps  — 
Phaestos  Disk  —  American  Customs:  A  Long  Grace  — 
Bonte,  151—  Embroidered  Bible.  1660  :  Stewart  :  Beal^s— 
Dr.  Robert  James  Culverwell-John  Barne—  Heraldic 
Arms  Wanted—  Route  through  Worcestershire  —  Arch- 
bishop John  Williams'  "  Manual,"  152. 

REPLIES  :—  St.  Thomas's  Day  Custom,  152  —  The  Pancake 
Bell—  Grey  in  sense  of  Brown—  Hamiltona  at  Holyrood, 
154  _  Edward  Booty  —  Representative  County  Libraries  : 
Public  and  Private  —  Shilleto,  155  —  Col.  Owen  Rowe  — 
Lamb  in  Russell  Street,  156—  "To  outrun  the  Constable" 
_  Book  of  Common  Prayer  —  The  Green  Man,  Ashbourne, 

.  is;—  Liddell  and  Scott's  Greek-English  Lexicon—  Books 
on  Eighteenth  Century  Life—  Old  Song  Wanted  —  Rogei- 
Moinpesson  —  Tobacco  :  "  Bird's  Bye,"  158  —  Snuff  : 
••Prince's  Mixture"—  London  Coaching  and  Carriers' 
Inns  in  1732,  159. 

;NOTES  ON  LOOKS  :—  '  The  Tempest  :  being  the  First 
Volume  of  a  New  Edition  of  the  Works  of  Shakespeare  '  — 
•  The  Composition  of  ihe  Saxon  Hundred  in  which  Hull 
and  Neighbourhood  were  situate  as  it  was  in  its  Original 
Condition  '  —  '  The  English  Klement  in  Italian  Family 
Names  '-Bulletin  of  the  John  Rylands  Library,  Man- 
chester.' 

^Notices  to  Correspondents. 


NATHANIEL   FIELD'S   WORK  IN  THE 
«  BEAUMONT  AND  FLETCHER  "  PLAYS. 

THOUGH  it  has  with  good  cause  been  sus- 
pected that  Nathaniel  Field  had  a  hand  in 
some  of  the  plays  printed  in  the  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher  folios,  and  portions  of  certain 
plays  have  (more  or  less  tentatively)  been 
assigned  to  him  by  different  critics,  there  is 
no  general  agreement  either  as  to  the  iden- 
tity of  the  plays  in  which  he  collaborated, 
or  the  extent  of  his  contributions  to  them. 
It  is  not  strange  that  this  should  be  sc, 
since  Field  is  not  a  writer  whose  work  can 
easily  be  recognized.  He  does  not,  like 
Malinger,  constantly  repeat  himself,  nor 
ha^  he,  like  Fletcher,  strongly  marked 
metrical  peculiarities.  The  most  distinctive 
•characteristic  of  Field's  verse — a  charac- 
teristic exhibited  in  both  his  acknowledged 


plays  ( '  A  Woman  is  a  Weathercock  '  and 
'Amends  for  Ladies '),  in  the  parts  of  'The 
Fatal  Dowry  '  written  by  him,  and  in  all 
the  work  here  assigned  to  him  on  other 
internal  evidence — is  the  free  use  of  rimed 
couplets,  not  only  at  the  ends  of  scenes  as 
commonly  in  the  dramatic  work  of  the 
period — but  interspersed  with  the  blank 
verse.  This  feature  makes  it  easy  to  dis- 
tinguish him  from  Massinger  or  Fletcher, 
both  of  whom  are  sparing  in  the  use  of 
rime,  but  is  useless  as  a  means  of  distin- 
guishing between  Field  arid  Beaumont,  since 
Beaumont  also  introduces  rimed  couplets  in 
his  blank  verse.  Field's  style  has  indeed 
much  in  common  with  that  of  Beaumont 
and  it  is  therefore  not  surprising  to  find 
that  Beaumont  has  been  credited  with  work 
written  by  Field.  This  mistake  has  been 
made  both  by  Boyle  and  by  Fleay.  Speak- 
ing of  what  he  calls  Boyle's  "  absurd  theory  " 
that  Beaumont  contributed  certain  scenes 
to  'The  Knight  of  Malta,'  Fleay  ('Biog. 
Chron.  Eng.  Drama,'  i.  p.  205)  observes  that 
Boyle  "  is,  as  I  have  frequently  pointed  out, 
incapable  of  distinguishing  Field's  work 
from  Beaumont's."  But  Boyle's  error  is  a 
venial  one  compared  with  that  of  Fleay, 
who  has  actually  made  use  of  a  work  of 
Field's  to  establish  the  canon  for  Beaumont's 
verse.  Of  '  The  Four  Plays  in  One  ' 
(Op.  cit.  i.  179)  he  remarks  : — 
"the  shares  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  are 
singularly  independent  and  the  marked  difference 
of  their  metrical  forms  afforded  me  the  starting- 
point  for  the  separation  of  all  these  [Beaumont 
and  Fletcher]  plays  in  1874,  which  was  till  then 
regarded  universally  as  an  insoluble  problem." 

The  two  first  "Triumphs  "  of  'The  Four 
Plays  in  One,'  assumed  by  Fleay  to  be  by 
Beaumont,  are  Field's,  as  I  hope  shortly  to 
prove.  Fortunately  for  Fleay,  however, 
the  metrical  styles  of  these  two  authors  are 
so  similar  that  the  value  of  his  conclusions 
has  not  seriously  been  affected  by  his  choice 
of  these  "Triumphs"  as  the  standard  for 
Beaumont's  verse. 

The  other  plays  of  the  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  folios  in  which  Field  collaborated 
are  'The  Queen  of  Corinth,'  Acts  III.  and 
IV.,  of  which  are  his,  and  'The  Knight  of 
Malta,'  of  which  he  wrote  Acts  I.  arid  V. 

There  is  no  evidence  to  connect  Field  with 
the  authorship  of  any  of  these  plays,  but 
such  as  can  be  obtained  by  comparing  them 
with  his  acknowledged  works,  'A  Woman  is 
a  Weathercock  '  and  '  Amends  for  Ladies, ' 
and  his 'share  of  'The  Fatal  Dowry,'  written 
in  collaboration  with  Massinger.  Field's 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.FEB.i9,i92i. 


share  of  '  The  Fatal  Dowry'  is  Act  II.,  j 
Act  III.  sc.  i.,  after  the  second  entry  of 
Novall  Junior,  and  Act  IV.  sc.  i.  As  the 
assignment  of  these  parts  of  the  play  to  him 
has  hitherto  rested  chiefly  upon  evidence 
of  a  negative  kind,  having  been  arrived  at 
by  subtracting  the  scenes  that  clearly  show 
the  more  easily  recognizable  hand  of  Mas- 
singer,  it  is  desirable  that  1  should  give  some 
positive  evidence  of  his  authorship  of  the 
parts  of  this  play  referred  to  before  I  proceed 
to  assign  to  him  plays,  or  portions  of  plays, 
of  which  external  proof  of  his  authorship 
is  lacking.  First,  then,  at  the  beginning 
bf  Act  II.  sc.  i.  we  have  the  word  "  practic  " 

...  .a  man  but  young 
Yet  old  in  judgment ;  theoric  and  practic 
In  all  humanity. 

This  is  a  word  that,  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge,  Massinger  never  uses  in  his 
indepenclent  plays.  Field  has  it  in  the 
first  scene  of  '  Amends  for  Ladies  ' : — 

Indeed,  my  knowledge  is  but  speculative, 
Not  practic  ;    I  have  it  by  relation,  &c. 

In  the  same  scene  we  have  the  verb 
"to  exhaust  "  used  in  its  primary  sense  of 
"draw  out  "  : — 

your  thankless  cruelty, 
And  savage  manners  of  unkind  Dijon, 
Exhaust  these  floods, 

an  uncommon  use  of  the  word — not  to  be 
met  with  in  Massinger — which  will  be  found 
again  in  '  A  Woman  is  a  Weathercock, '  I.  i.  : 

Were  you  my  father  flowing  in  these  waves, 
Or  a  dear  son  exhausted  out  of  them 

Three  times  in  'The  Fatal  Dowry,'  we 
have  allusions  by  gallants  to  the  dis- 
arranging or  crumpling  of  their  "bands." 
Two  of  these  occur  in  the  second  scene  of 
Act  II.  Here  Liladam  says  to  Novall 
Junior  : — 

Ud's-light !  my  lord,  one  of  the  purls  of  your 
band  is,  without  all  discipline,  fallen  out  of  his 
rank. 

and  a  little  later  on,  when  Malotin  says  to 
Pontalier  : — 

Dare  these  men  ever  fight  on  any  cause  ? 
Pontalier  replies  : — 

Oh.  no  !  'twould  spoil  their  clothes,  and  put 
their  bands  out  of  order. 

The  third  is  in  IV.  i.  where  Aymer,  who 
has  been  roughly  handled  by  Romont, 
exclaims  : — 

Plague  on  him,  how  he  has  crumpled  our  bands  ! 
These  allusions  point  clearly  to  Field,  in 
whose  '  Amends  for  Ladies  '  there  are  two 
more  allusions  of  the  same  kind — one  in 


111.  iii.  where  Lady  Bright  says  of  Master 
Pert  :— 

I  have  seen  him  sit  discontented  a  whole  play, 
because  one  of  the  purls  of  his  band  was  fallen 
out  of  his  reach  to  order  again 
and  the  other  in  IV.  iii.  where  Ingen,  during 
the  course  of  his  duel  with  Lord  Proudly, 
observes  that  he  "  had  like  to  have  spoiled  " 
his  lordship's  "  cutwork  band." 

In  II.  ii.  Novall  Junior  addresses  Bellapert 
in  this  strain  : — 

No  autumn  nor  no  age  ever  approach 

This    heavenly    piece  ;    which  Nature   having- 

wrought, 

She  lost  her  needle,  and  did  then  despair 
Ever  to  wof-k  so  lively  and  so  fair  ! 
while  in  IV.   i.   Aymer  begs  Novall  Junior 
to  put  his  looking-glass  aside  lest, "  Narcissus- 
like,"  he  should  dote  upon  himself  and  die 

. . .  .and  rob  the  world 
Of  Nature's  copy,  that  she  works  form  by. 

No  doubt  hyperbolical  speeches  not  much 
differing  from  these  may  be  found  in 
Massinger,  but  they  are  particuh  rly  charac- 
teristic of  Field,  who  has  two  references  to 
Nature's  fashioning  of  men  in  each  of  his 
independent  plays.  With  the  above  pas- 
sages we  may  compare  Pendant's  adulatory 
speech  addressed  to  Count  Frederick  in* 
'  A  Woman  is  a  Weathercock,'  I.  ii.  : — 

Nature  herself,  having  made  you,  fell  sick 

In  love  with  her  own  work,  and  can  no  more 

JVJake  man  so  lovely,  being  diseased  with  love. 
Count  Frederick  mildly  protests  : — 

Pendant,  thou'lt  make  me  dote  upon  myself, 
and  Pendant  replies  : — 

Narcissus,  by  this  hand,  had  far  less  cause. 

Both  in  '  The  Fatal  Dowry  '  and  '  A 
Woman  is  a  Weathercock  '  there  is  much 
talk  of  clothes  and  tailors.  Pontalier  in 
'  The  Fatal  Dowry  '  (II.  ii.)  says  of  Liladam 
and  Aymer  : — 

If  my  lord  deny,  they  deny ;  if  he  affirm,, 
they  affirm  :  they  skip  into  my  lord's  cast  skins 
some  ticice  a  year,  &c. 

and  in  'A  Woman  is  &  Wreathercock, '  II.  i., 
Pendant,  when  asked  by  Mistress  Wagtail' 
how  he  came  by  his  good  clothes,  replies  : — 
By  undoing  tailors  ;  and  then  my  lord  (like  a 
snake)  casts  a  suit  every  quarter,  ivhich  I  slip  into* 

Again  in  IV.  i.  Aymer  says  of  Novall 
Junior  : — 

. . .  .bis  vestanients  sit  as  if  they  grew  upon  him, 
or  art  had  urought  them  on  the  same  loom  as 
Nature  framed  his  lordship 

Compare  Lady  Bright 's  comment  on  Pert 
in  '  Amends  for  Ladies,'  III.  iii.  : — 

I  do  not  think  but  he  lies  in  a  case  o'  nights- 
He  walks  as  if  he  were  made  of  gins — as  if  Nature' 
had  tcrovght  him  in  a  frame 


12  s.  vm.  FEB.  19, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


143 


Almost  at  the  end  of  IV.  i.  there  is  an 
allusion  to  fairy's  treasure,  which  vanishes 
if  its  possessor  reveals  it  : — 

But  not  a  word  of  it : — 'tis  fairies'  treasure, 
Which,  but  revealed,  brings  on  the  blabber's  ruin . 

This   is   found   agajn   in    'A   Woman   is   a 
Weathercock,'  I.  i.  : — 

I  see  you  labour  with  some  serious  thing, 
And  think  (like  fairy's  treasure)  to  reveal  it, 
Will  cause  it  vanish. 

These  are,  so  far  as  I  have  noticed,  the 
only  explicit  allusions  to  this  belief  in  the 
Elizabethan  drama,  though  Shakespeare 
glances  at  it  in  'The  Winter's  Tale,'  III.  iii. 
"  This  is  fairy  gold,  boy,"  says  the  Shepherd 
to  the  Clown,  when  he  discovers  the  gold 
left  by  the  sea-shore,  "  and  'twill  prove  so  ; 

up  with't,  keep  it  close We  are  lucky, 

boy  ;  and  to  be  so  still  requires  nothing  but 
secrecy." 

This  brief  examination  of  'The  Fatal 
Dowry  '  will,  1  hope,  satisfy  the  reader  that 
it  is  possible  to  detect  Field's  hand  in  his 
anonymous  work,  or  work  cf  his  that  has 
been  -.assigned  to  others,  from  its  con- 
nexions with  his  acknowledged  writings. 

Before  I  attempt  to  do  this,  it  will  be 
well  to  add  a  few  words  as  to  Field's  vocabu- 
lary as  displayed  in  the  three  plays  to  which 
his  name  is  attached.  It  is  not  very  dis- 
tinctive. It  is  true  that  he  has  a  few  quite 
uncommon  Latinisms,  but  they  are  of  little 
use  to  us  in  this  investigation,  since  scarcely 
any  of  them  are  used  more  than  once. 
"Pish"  and  "hum  "  (or  "humh,"  as  the 
folio  usually  prints  it)  are  characteristic 
interjections  of  his.  Other  noticeable  words 
are  "continent"  or  "continence"  (four 
times  in  the  three  plays),  "importune" 
(three  times),  "innocency"  (four  times) 
and  "integrity"  (four  times).  I  draw 
attention  to  these  words  merely  because 
they  are  characteristic  words  that  one  may 
expect  to  find  in  Field,  and  do  not  suggest 
that  some,  perhaps  most,  of  them  are  not 
occasionally  used  by  one  or  other  of  the 
other  authors  of  the  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
plays.  "Continent,"  "importune"  and 
"  innocency  "  are  the  more  valuable.  I  may 
note  also  "  transgress  "  (used  once  in  '  Amends 
for  Ladies  !)  because  it  is  of  comparatively 
infrequent  occurrence  in  these  plays,  and 
therefore  affords  slight  corroborative  evi- 
dence of  Field's  authorship  where  there  are 
other  suggestions  of  his  hand.  Generally 
with  regard  to  the  weight  to  be  attached  to 
words  such  as  these — words  that  are  charac-  i 
teristic  but  not  uncommon — while  one  or  two  ' 


in  a  play  are  obviously  of  little  or  no  value,, 
the  presence  of  several  much  increases  their 
importance,  though  in  all  cases  they  needs 
the  support  of  other  evidence. 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES.. 
Enfield. 

(To  be  continued.) 


HAZEBROUCK. 

II. 
(See  ante,  p.  121.) 

HAZEBROUCK'S  record  during  the  war  earned 
for  the  town  the  Croix  de  Guerre.  The 
citation,  dated  Oct.  31,  1919,  was  in  the 
following  terms  : — 

"  Ville  soumise  pendant  quatre  ans  au  bom- 
bardement  par  avions  et  pieces  a  longue  portee. 
A  tenu  jusqu'  au  bout  avec  une  froide  tenacite- 
A  deux  reprises  sous  la  menace  de  la  pression  de 
1'ennemi  a  gard6  son  calme,  accueillant  refugies- 
et  blesses,  leur  prodiguant  ses  soins." 

At  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  the  town, 
was  occupied  for  a  fortnight  by  a  regiment 
of  French   reservists,   but   on  the   invasion 
of  the  Department  du  Kbrd  on  Aug.  20,  the 
troops    retired,    and    Hazebrouck  was    left 
without  defence.     A  few  days  later  refugees 
from    Belgium,    both    civil    and    military,, 
began  to  arrive,  quickly  followed  by  French 
civilians  from  the  inyaded  districts.     In  one 
day — Aug.  25,    1914 — no    fewer  than  2,000 
Belgians  entered  the  town,  and  during  the 
months    and    years    that    followed    Haze- 
brouck was  ever  ready  to  extend  its  hos- 
pitality   to    its    neighbours    from    over    the 
border.     In    recognition    of    these     services 
the   King  of  the   Belgians   has  lately  con- 
ferred the  Order  of  Leopold  upon  the  Mayor 
of  Hazebrouck  as  representative  of  the  town... 
"Flamands   de   France,"   said  the   Belgian 
Vice-consul    in    conferring    the    decoration,, 
"vous   avez   recu    fraternellement    les   Fla- 
mands   de    Belgique,    je    vous    remercie    de 
tout  cceur  !  "     For  all  these  refugees,  both 
French    and    Belgian,    Hazebrouck    set    to 
work  in  August,  1914,  to  organize  relief,  and 
became  eventually  a  kind  of  rail-head  for 
charitable  works  connected  with  the  war.  For 
two  months  the  tide  of  battle  passed  Haze- 
brouck by,  but  on  Oct.  8,  about  9  o'clock 
in  the  evening,  when  the  town  was  occupied 
by  a  single  troop  of  f  rench  cavalry,  enemy 
scouts,  creeping  along  the  line  of  railway, 
reached  the  station  and  even  penetrated  to 
the  square  in  front,  from  where  they  fired 
into  the  town  killing  three  civilians  and  five 
soldiers.     They  then  retired.     The  next  day,.. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  19, 1921. 


"Friday,  information  reached  the  Mayor  that 
the  authorities  must  be  ready  to  receive 
15.000  German  troops  by  10  o'clock  the 
following  morning  (Saturday,  Oct.  10),  and 
during  the  same  day  the  French  cavalry 
retired.  On  Saturday  at  the  appointed 
hour  the  Mayor,  Abbe  Lemire,  waited  at  the 
Hotel-de-Ville  to  receive  the  enemy,  but  the 
•clay  drew  to  a  close  without  incident. 
Believing  Hazebrouck  to  be  occupied  by 
French  troops  the  Germans  had  avoided 
the  town,  which  remained  undefended  the 
whcle  of  that  and  the  following  day.  It 
was,  however,  on  the  evening  of  Sunday, 
Oct.  11,  that  the  British  Third  Corps  com- 
pleted its  detrainment  at  St.  Omer  and  was 
being  moved  to  Hazebrouck,  where  it 
remained  throughout  Oct.  12.  From  that 
time  onward,  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
Hazebrouck  was  a  "British  town."  When 
the  enemy  was  pushed  back  to  the  other  side 
of  Armentieres,  and  the  line  became  more  or 
less  stabilized,  Hasebrouck  experienced  a 
period  of  comparative  quiet.  The  German 
lines  were  some  25  kilometers  to  the  east  and 
the  inhabitants  began  to  feel  that  their 
worst  days  were  over.  Work?  of  charity 
multiplied.  Danger  was  apprehended  only 
from  the  air.  Then,  after  two-and-a-half 
years  of  this  comparatively  uneventful  life, 
began  a  period  more  difficult  and  more  full 
of  anguish  than  that  of  1914.  The  first 
bombardment  by  long-range  guns  took 
place  on  July  3l,  1917.  But  the  shelling 
was  intermittent  and  long  intervals  elapsed 
between  the  bombardments.  The  worst  of 
these  occurred  on  Dec.  13-14,  when  120 
shells  (380  m.,  or  15  in.  diam.)  fell  into  the 
town  doing  great  damage  to  property  and 
killing  fifteen  civilians,  among  whom  were 
the  cure  and  two  assistant  priests  of  the 
Church  of  St.  Eloi.  After  this,  except  for 
a  serious  air  attack  in  January,  Hazebrouck 
was  left  alone  till  Mar.  16,  1918,  when  the 
long-range  guns  began  their  work  again, 
and  from  that  time  forward  the  bombard- 
ment was  more  or  less  continuous,  though 
the  number  of  shells  that  fell  in  any  one  day 
was  sometimes  small.  Then  in  April  came 
the  burst  through  at  Armentieres,  and  the 
Battle  of  the  Lys,  which  in  one  of  its  aspects 
was  known  in  France  as  the  Battle  for 
Hazebrouck.*  On  the  night  of  Friday, 


*  Col.  Eepington  wrote  in  his  Diary  under 
date  Apr.  14.  1918  :  "  Robertson  sends  me  up 
his  views.... He  says  that  if  the  Boche  gets 
Hazebrouck,  or  the  Kemmel-Mont  des  Cats 
heights,  the  Ypres  salient  lot  will  fee!  very  un- 
co mf  or  table . ' ' 


Apr.  12,  the  order  was  given  in  Hazebrouck 
for  the  total  and  immediate  evacuation  of 
the  town,  and  the  next  day  saw  everything 
abandoned  under  the  saddest  and  most 
!  lamentable  conditions.  The  inhabitants 
were  dispersed  to  the  four  corners  of  France. 
The  Mayor,  Abbe  Lemire,  was  the  last  to 
leave  the  town,  and  eventually  installed  the 
mairie  in  the  village  of  St.  Martin  d'Ecublei, 
in  the  Department  of  the  Orne,  at  which 
place  the  children  of  the  Wareiii  Orphanage 
at  Hazebrouck  had  previously  found  a 
refuge.  From  April  to  September,  1918, 
Hazebrouck  was  left  to  the  mercy  of  the 
German  guns,  but  the  enemy,  though  at  one 
time  within  a  distance  of  6  kilometers, 
never  was  able  to  reach  the  town.  Imme- 
diately prior  to  the  renewal  of  the  bombard- 
ment in  March,  1918,  the  civilian  population 
of  Hazebrouck  had  been  reduced  to  about 
3,000,  and  of  these  61  were  killed  and 
150  wounded.  On  Oct.  1,  1918,  the  Mayor 
once  more  took  possession  of  the  Hotel- 
de-Ville,  and  during  the  autumn  the  in- 
habitants- began  to  return.  Out  of  3,334 
houses,  229  were  wholly  destroyed,  and 
nearly  2,000  were  more  or  less  damaged. 

Once  again,  after  an  interval  of  over 
three  hundred  years  and  as  the  result  of  acts 
of  war,  Hazebrouck  stands  at  the  beginning 
of  a  new  period  in  its  history.  On  Januavv 
30,  1921,  a  local  census  showed  the 
population  to  be  16,468.  The  plans  for 
reconstruction  comprise  much  more  than 
a  mere  rebuilding  of  destroyed  property 
and  include  a  scheme  for  the  extension  and 
industrial  development  of  the  town.  In 
modern  times  two  events  stand  out  in  Haze- 
brouck's  history.  At  the  end  of  the  eight- 
eenth century  the  Revolution  raised  the 
town  to  its  present  position  of  chef-lieu,  or 
capital  of  an  arrondissement,  and  half-a- 
ceritury  later  the  coming  of  the  railway 
made  it  not  only  a  centre  of  administration 
but  also  to  some  extent  of  commerce  and 
industry.  A  third  period  is  now  looked 
forward  to  when  Hazebrouck  shall  become 
the  veritable  industrial  capital  of  middle 
Flanders,  linked  up  with  Dunkerque,  the 
capital  of  maritime  Flanders,  on  the  one 
hand,  and  Lille,  capital  of  the  Department, 
on  the  other.  Hazebrouck  has  been  for 
long  an  important  railway  centre,  lying  as 
it  does  on  the  main  line  between  Calais  and 
Lille  and  at  the  junction  of  five  other  lines, 
which  connect  it  with  Dunkerque,  Bethune, 
and  the  towns  on  the  Lys,  as  well  as  with 
Belgium.  Yet,  notwithstanding  these  ad- 
vantages the  town,  so  far,  has  scarcely 


12  s.  vin.  FEB.  19,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


become  the  place  of  importance  that  its 
situation  "warrants.  Commenting  on  this, 
M.  Ardouin -Dumazet  in  his  'Voyage  en 
France,'  wrote  shortly  befcre  the  war  : — 

"  Hazebrouck  est  loin  de  presenter  Fanimation 
<i<  sea  \  nUiiic-s  de  la  Lys.  L'activite  se  porto  vers 
la  gare  ou  passent  tous  les  trains  qui,  par  Calais, 
font  communiquer  FAngleterre  avec  FEurope 
centrale.  La  tres  grande  Industrie  ne  s'en  est 
point  emparee,  bien  qu'il  y  ait  d'assez  nombreuses 
usines.  Le  chef-lieu  admmistratif  de  la  Flandre 
ilamingante  s'est  en  quelque  sorte  recroquevill£ 
dans  son  particularisme  au  lieu  de  devenir  un 
centre  pour  Fexpansion  de  la  langue  franeaise." 

INI.  Du.mazet  sees  in  the  use  of  the  Flemish 
language  and  the  fostering  of  local  patriot- 
ism, a  danger  to  the  greater  idea  of  national- 
ism. He  joins  issue  with  the  Abbe  Lemire, 
who  in  pleading  for  the  encouragement  of 
the  Flemish  tongue  has  drawn  a  comparison 
between  Flanders  and  Brittany  and  Pro- 
vence. There  exists  in  the  region  a  "  Gomite 
Flamand  de  France  "  whose  chief  object  it 
is  to  maintain  the  Flemish  language  and 
customs  and  to  keep  alive  the  sentiment'  of 
the  "petite  patrie."  Opponents  of  this 
movement,  like  M.  Dumazet,  reject  the 
comparison  with  Brittany  and  Provence  as 
a  false  one,  as  neither  Breton  nor  Provencal 
speech  has  any  idiom  in  common  with  a 
foreign  tongue,  whereas  Flemish,  they  main- 
tain, is  a  foreign  language  akin  to  German. 
Notwithstanding  the  purity  of  motive  of  the 
Comite  Flamand  and  its  supporters  M. 
Dumazet  maintains  that  the  movement 
tends  in  the  long  run  to  work  against 
national  interests  : — 

"  Vouloir  constituer,  de  Bailleul  a  Hazebrouck 
»•(  a  C'fis.-iel,  un  groupe  flamingant,  c'est  preparer 
un  terrain  separatiste  au  pur  profit  de  FAlle- 
magne  qui  revendique  les  pays  de  langues  flamande 
et^hollandaise  corume  germaniques." 
Whether  M.  Dumazet  "would  write  in  exactly 
this  strain  since  the  war  I  do  not  know. 
But  the  words  quoted  are  interesting  as 
showing  the  point  of  view  of  many  in- 
tellectual Frenchmen  prior  to  1914.  It 
may  be  questioned,  however,  whether  the 
argument  will  stand.  The  case  for  the 
preservation  and  encouragement  of  the 
Flemish  language  is  a  strong  one,  and  was 
wHl  put  by  the  President  of  the  Comite 
Flamand,  Canon  Looten,  at  a  meeting  of 
the  "  Congres  Regionaliste  "  at  Lille  on 
Dec.  7,  1920  :— 

"  La  question  du  flamand,  si  delicate  en  Bel- 
gique,  MC  sizable  pas  aussi  dangereuse  en  France. 
Les  IJOK.OOO  flamands  de  France  sout  des  Francais 
•''•  «  '  >u.  Us  ne  demandent  qu'une  chose, 
gardcr  Icur  lanirui'.  Le  flamand  est  menac6  par 
le  courant  de  centralisation  de  ces  cinquantc  der- 
nieics  jumees.  II  est  cependant  urgent  de  la 
maintenir  :  un  peuple  qui  change  de  langue 


change  d'ame.  Et  quelle  ame  plus  grande  que 
celle  du  pays  de  Flandre  ?  " 

A  writer  in  a  Hazebrouck  newspaper  has 
put  the  case  thus  : — 

"  Notre  belle  langue  flamande,  qui  nous  est  si 
utile  poiir  apprendre  le  Ho  Hand  a  is,  FAnglais 
FAllemand,  est  meprisee  ;  elle  est  bannie  de  nos 
^coles.  Et  pourtant  il  nous  manque  des  diplo- 
mates,  des  officiers,  des  agents  commerciaux 
capables  de  defend  re  nos  interets  dans  les  pays 
etrangers,  ou  F usage  de  notre  langue  serait  si 
precieux  " 

And  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  the  Abbe 
Lemire,  who  has  represented  Hazebrouck  in 
Parliament  since  1893,*  used  these  words 
on  Oct.  4,  1919,  in  pleading  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  native  language  in  Alsace  and 
Lorraine  : — 

"  Je  suis  moi-meme  d'un  pays  ou  deux  langue,s 
vivent  cote  a,  cote,  la  langue  flamande  et  la  langue 
franchise,  juxtaposees  depuis  Louis  XIV.  En 
Flandre  Fexperience  de  tous  les  jours  nous 
apprend  qu'il  ne  faut  point  froisser  les  populations^ 
en  ayant  1'airde  les  mepriseret  de  les  soupQOnner,- 
losqu'elles  par  lent  en  flamand.  II  ne  faut  point 
ceder  4  la  tentatioii  de  croire  que  quiconque  se 
sert  d'une  autre  langue  que  la  langue  nationale 
dit  quelque  chose  centre  la  patrie." 

That  Hazebrouck  is  essentially  a  Flemish 
town  is  at  once  impressed  on  the  mind 
of  the  visiting  stranger  by  the  names  on 
the  shop-signs  and  in  the  columns  of  the 
local  newspapers.  A  few  surnames  taken 
at  random  from  these  sources  may  be 
quoted:  Baelden,  Behaghe,  Boddaert,  Boerez, 
Boorteel,  Bossus,  Brouckaert,  Butstraen, 
Cauwel,  Cleenewerck,  Drynckebier,  Elveraere, 
Everwyn,  Faes,  Gaeymaey,  Geloen,  Gob- 
recht,  Haese,  Houcke,  Huyghe,  Itsweire, 
Kieken,  Lestaevel,  Leuwers,  Mantez,  Nieu- 
wjaer,  Ochart,  Ooghe,  Pauw^els,  Rebbelynck,. 
Schoonheere,  Schotte,  Serlooten,  Spas,  Ter- 
nynck,  Tiberghein,  Vancauwemberghe,  Van- 
damme,  Vanderboogaerde,  Vandevelde,  Van- 
derberghe,  Vanhoutte,  Vanhove,  Van- 
poucke,  VerstaeVel,  Verwaerde,  Waeles,. 
Warein,  Wyart,  and  Wyckaert.  The  name 
of  the  cure'-doyen  of  St.  Eloi,  killed  in  the 
bombardment  "  of  December,  1917,  was 
Dehandschcowercker.  At  Hazebrouck  the 
communal  fete,  which  falls  on  the  Sunday 
after  the  Assumption,  is  known  as  the- 
Ducasse,  and  the  Sunday  following  is  the 
"  raccroc  de  la  ducasse. "  And  so  also  in  the 
other  towns  and  villages  of  the  region. 


*  Abb£  Lemire  ewas  elected  for  the  arrondisse- 
ment  of  Hazebrouck,  under  the  old  system  of 
single-member  constituencies,  ;it  «-v<  i  y  Election 
from  1893  to  1914.  Under  the  new  system  of 
modified  scritiin  de  liste,  in  the  general  election 
of  November  1919,  he  headed  the  list  of  successful; 
candidates  of  the  Federation  Republicaine  in  the 
Departement  du  Nord  with  141,513  votes. 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [12  s.vm.  FEB.  10,1021. 


The  mid-Lent  fete,  known  in  Hazebrouck 
•as  "  Den  Graef  van  Half  Vasten,"  has  a  very 
distinct  local  interest,  its  origin  going  back 
•1;o  the  beginnings  of  the  town,  and  it 
may  be  said  to  combine  the  ancient  "Fete 
>du  Lievre  "  (den  Haeze  Feste)  with  the  later 
"  Fete  des  Koix."  At  the  Fete  du  Lievre  a 
hare  was  let  loose  in  the  market-place,  and 
was  chased  by  the  inhabitants,  but  in  course 
of  time  the  amusement  degenerated,  and, 
having  become  a  source  of  animosities  and 
disturbances,  the  fete  was  suppressed  in 
1539.  The  custom  of  distributing  nuts 
-among  the  people  at  the  mid-Lent  festival, 
which  gives  its  name  to  the  Fete  des 
Xoix,  is  said  to  have  originated  in  an 
incident  of  the  feudal  period  when  a  Lord 
*>f  Hazebrouck  refused  to  grant  the  town  a 
fair  in  mid-Lent  for  which  the  inhabitants 
had  petitioned.  The  townspeople  replied 
'by  causing  a  mannequin  in  the  semblance 
of  their  Seigneur  to  be  paraded  on  horse- 
back through  the  streets  on  the  day  in 
question,  accompanied  by  a  servant  who 
~threw  nuts  among  the  crowd  derisively  to 
symbolize  their  lord's  largesse.  Held  annu- 
ally the  spectacle  attracted  the  inhabitants 
•of  the  whole  district  to  Hazebrouck  and  in 
time  the  fete  gained  for  the  town  the  advan- 
tages which  had  been  sought  and  refused. 
Such  in  brief  is  the  story  of  the  origin  of  the 
Fete  des  Noix.  It  is  told  in  some  detail  in 
an  interesting  article  by  M.  Joseph  Pattein, 
of  Hazebrouck,  in  Le  Beffroi  de  Flandre, 
Feb.  15,  1920.  Discontinued  for  five  years 
-during  the  war,  the  fete  was  again  cele- 
brated, though  shorn  of  some  of  its  former 
pageantry,  on  Mar.  15,  1920.  The  effigy 
of  the  feudal  lord  led  on  horseback  through 
the  streets  amidst  the  jeers  of  the  towns 
people  will  naturally  recall  to  Lancashire 
readers  the  somewhat  analogous  procession 
of  the  Black  Knight  at  Ashton-uncler-Lyne, 
which  takes  place  on  Whit-Monday.  "  At 
Hazebrouck  the  procession  of  the  manne- 
quin took  on  a  new  significance  in  1602  as 
the  result  of  a  local  incident  in  that  year 
the  details  of  which  are  too  long  to  repeat 
here.  The  distribution  of  nuts  was  dis- 
•coritriued  in  1782,  but  was  revived  ten 
yea-s  later,  when  the  municipality  decided 
(November,  1792)  that 

"  pour  ne  plus  donner  un  nom  d'ancien  esclavage 
ou  de  feodalit^  a  cette  fete,  elle  sera  des  a  present 
de"nommee  '  la  fete  des  Sans-Culottes  '  et  le 
boniet  de  la  liberte  sera  arbore"  en  signe  de  cette 
•iibert6  conquise." 

Under  varying  forms  the  fete,  with  its  dis- 
tribution of  nuts,  continued  to  be  held  till 


its  interruption  by  the  war.  At  its  resump- 
tion in  1920  : — 

"  la  distribution  des  noix  fut  abondante.  Le 
senieur  de  largesse  les  jetaieiit  a  tour  de  bras 
dans  toutes  les  directions.  On  les  recueillait 
avidement  pour  les  emporter  au  loin  ou  les  en- 
voyer  aux  rnembres  disperses  des  families." 

Though  nothing  of  the  ancient  Haeze 
Feste  finds  place  in  the  fete  of  to-day,  it 
may  be  considered  as  the  embryo  from 
which  the  present  festival  emerged.  For 
a  long  time  the  two  fetes  existed  side  by 
side,  then  one  disappeared  and  the  other 
held  the  field  alone.  The  hare,  in  the  words 
of  M.  Pattein,  has  now  taken  refuge  in  the 
arms  of  the  town,  where  it  appears  on  a 
golden  escutcheon  held  by  the  legendary 
Lion  of  Flanders,  or  in  heraldic  language — 
Argent,  a  lion  salient  sable  holding  an 
escutcheon  or,  thereon  a  hare  courant  bend- 
wise  proper.  F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  S3,  124.) 

MASTER  JOHN  BRETCHGIRDLE. 
While  John  Shakespeare  was  administering 
his  father's  affairs  at  Snitterfield  a  Protestant 
vicar  was  instituted  at  Stratford  in  succession 
to  Roger  Dyos.  John  Bretchgirdle  was  a 
native  of  Baguley  in  Cheshire  and  was 
educated  in  that  nest  of  heresy,  the  home  of 
the  "Christian  Brothers,"  Christchurch, 
Oxford.  He  and  a  fellow-student,  who  was 
probably  also  a  fellow-countryman,  John 
Sankey,  supplicated  for  their  B.A.  in  Mar. 

1544,  were  admitted  on  the  same  day,  Apr.  7, 
and    after    being    twice    dispensed    in    the 
Michaelmas    term,    determined    together    in 

1 545,  Bretchgirdle  took  his  M.  A.  on  July  1 1 , 

1546,  and    early    in    King    Edward's    reign 
returned  to  his  native  country  as  perpetual 
curate    of    Witt  on    cum    Twenbrooke    near 
Ncrthwich.     At    Witton   he    had    a    school, 
attended  by  boys  from   Northwieh,  among 
whom  was  a  gifted  and  loved  scholar  named 
John     Brownsword     (pronounced      BrowrCs 
word}.     In  1550  or  1551  he  obtained  for  his 
home  and  school,  from  Sir  Thomas  Venables 
of   Kinderton,   the  lease   of  a  messuage,   a 
croft  and  half  an  acre  of  land,   "  lying  and 
adjoining    the    Chapel-yard,"    and    entering 
on  the  premises  he  "occupied  and  enjoyed 
the  same  by  the  space  of  seven  years,"  during 
which  term  he  "  did  upon  his  own  costs  and 
charges   newly   erect   a   chamber,    and   also 
amended  and  repaired  divers  other  houses 


128.  VIII.  FEB.  19,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


147 


and  buildings  at  an  outlay  of  201.  and 
above  " — say  2001.  in  our  pre-war  money. 
In  1557  an  old  Northwich  boy,  a  native  of 
Shurlach  (a  mile  or  less  from  the  town),  a 
wealthy  cleric,  rector  of  St.  Bartholomew's, 
Smithfield,  .Dominus  John  Deane,  invested 
property  with  local  trustees  "for  the  good 
instruction  of  boys  within  the  township  of 
Witton  near  Northwich,"  and  by  Michaelmas 
1558,  a  school  had  been  ouilt^and  statutes 
drawn-up  for  what  was  thereafter  The  Free 
Grammar  School  of  Witton.  Br-etchgirdle, 
without  doubt,  had  to  do  with  this,  and  was 
among  the  "learned"  whose  "godly  and 
discreet  advice  "  was  taken  in  the  framing 
of  the  statutes  and  course  of  instruction  ; 
and,  without  doubt,  he  became  the  first 
headmaster  (with  a  salary  of  121.  and 
x '  lodgings  "),  as  his  boys,  including  John 
Brownsword,  became  the  first  scholars  (with 
free  teaching)  of  the  new  foundation.  From 
first  to  last  Brownsword  was  nearly  thirteen 
years  under  John  Bretchgirdle.  He  owed 
to  him  his  excellent,  if  somewhat  pedantic 
Latigiity  ;  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
pupil  in  a  few  years  followed  his  master  to 
Stratford  and.  became  himself  the  head- 
master of  Stratford  School,  we  read  with 
more  than  curiosity  the  statute  respecting 
the  authors  to  be  studied  at  Witton: 

"I  will."  said  the  founder  following  John  Colet, 
*'  the  children  learn  the  Catechisma,  and  then  the 
Accidence  and  Grammar  set  out  by  King  Henry 
the  Eight,  or  some  other  if  any  can  be  better  for 
the  purpose,  to  induce  children  more  speedily  to 
Latin  speech,  and  then  Institutum  Christiani 
Hominis  that  learned  Erasmus  made,  and  then 
Copia  of  the  same  Erasmus,  Colloquia  Erasmi, 
Ovidius  :  Metamorphoses,  Terence,  Mantuan,  Tully, 
Horace,  Salust,  Virgil  and  such  other  as  shall  be 
thought  most  convenient  to  the  purpose  unto  true 
Latin  speech." 

Deane  was  less  of  a  Protestant  than 
Bretchgirdle,  but  his  language  in  describing 
the  old  learning  is  significant : 

"  All  barbary,  all  corruption  and  filthiness,  and 
such  abusion  which  the  blind  world  brouyht  in  I 
utterly  banish  and  exclude  out  of  this  School,  and 
charge  the  master  that  he  teach  alway  that  is  best 
and  read  to  them  such  authors  as  have  with  wisdom 
joined  the  pure  chaste  eloquence." 
Like  Colet  he  had  had  enough  of  monkish 
Latin  and  monkish  morals. 

But  Bretchgirdle  had  hardly  got  into  the 
nevv  premises  when  Christchurch  presented 
him  to  the  vicarage  of  Great  Budworth,  on 
Nov.  14,  1558.  Apparently  he  did  not 
object  to  be  a  pluralist,  and  with  clerical 
assistance  kept  his  curacy  and  mastership  at 
Witton  while  he  held  the  wealthy  living  of 
the  mother  parish.  So  we  gather,  at  any 
rate,  from  the  slender  facts  available.  Queen 


Mary,  however,  died  on  !Nov.  17,  1558,  and 
great  changes  followed.  Bretchgirdle  re- 
signed the  vicarage  of  Great  Budworth 
before  May  19,  1560,  when  .Richard  Eaton 
was  presented  ;  and  in  Jan.  1561,  he  gave 
up  the  curacy  and  mastership  at  AVittoii  to 
become  vicar  of  Stratford-upon-Avon.  He 
was  admitted  to  his  difficult  charge  on 
Feb.  27.  Xothing  is  said  in  the  record  of  his 
investiture  about  Roger  Dyos.  The  usual  per 
mortem  or  per  resiynationem  after  vacant-is  is 
wanting.  The  late  vicar,  it  seems,  had 
neither  "deceased"  nor  "resigned,"  but  had 
taken  his  "  departure  "  because  the  Corpora- 
tion had  adopted  the  simple  but  effective 
expedient  of  withholding  his  "wages." 

For  four  years  and  four  months  John 
Bretchgirdle,  unmarried,  with  a  sister, 
perhaps  two,  to  keep  house  for  him,  was  head 
of  the  wide  Stratford  parish  in  the  conten- 
tious days  of  transition  from  Roman  Catho- 
licism to  Protestantism.  The  Prayer  Book 
services  were  organized  on  Puritan  lines, 
frescoes  were  whitewashed,  stained  glass  was 
replaced  by  plain,  and  carvings  were  hacked. 
Feeling  ran  high.  Cases  of  assault  were 
again  dealt  with  at  the  Court  Leet  of  May  4, 
1561.  John  Tchiner  (or  Ichiver),  a  yeoman 
of  Packwood  and  a  brewer  in  Stratford, 
living  in  his  own  house  in  Henley  Street,  a 
stirring  active  man  and  one  of  the  Tasters 
of  this  year,  was  presented  for  a  fray  on  John 
Bradshaw  the  currier  ;  Tho  nas  Dickson 
alias  Waterman,  of  the  "Swan,"  was  pre- 
sented for  a  fray  upon  his  brother  Richard, 
and  for  a  fray  also  on  his  brother-in-law, 
Edward  Walford  ;  Master  John  Grantham, 
the  Vicar's  kinsman,  was  presented  for 
drawing  blood  on  Thomas  Bates,  and  Thomas 
Bates  was  presented  for  drawing  blood  on  a 
stranger  of  Birmingham  ;  John  Lane  of 
Bridge  Street,  brother  of  Nicholas  Lane  of 
Bridge  Town,  was  presented  for  a  fray  on 
one  Tibbins  of  Langley  ;  and  Thomas 
Knight  the  younger,  coverlet- weaver,  son  of 
Thomas  Knight  of  Middle  Row  (next  door  to 
the  "  Swan  ")  was  presented  for  drawing 
blood  on  a  stranger  in  Edmund  Barrett's 
house,  the  "Crown  Inn  "  in  Bridge  Street. 
The  fine  for  reviling  an  officer  was  still  kept 
at  20,9.  Henry  Biddle,  Lewis  ap  Williams, 
William  Minsky  and  John  Shakespeare  acted 
as  affeerors  and  attached  their  marks  to 
their  names  written  at  the  end  of  the  minutes 
by  Richard  Symons — a  cross,  the  church- 
gable,  a  headless  cross  and  the  glover's 
compasses — a  more  elaborate  pair,  again 
daintily  drawn.  Symons,  it  will  be  observed 
always  spells  Shakespeare  in  his  own  fashion 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [is  s.vm.  FEB.  10,1921, 


— Shakspeyr — and  pronounced  it  as  we   do 
now. 

The  parish-registers  are  very  defective 
from  the  departure  of  Dyos  until  the  arrival 
of  Bretchgirdle.  They  are  then  well  kept 
and  contain  some  interesting  entries.  Among 
them  we  may'  note  the  burial  of  Alderman 
Harbage  of  Corn  Street,  the  skinner  ( "Francis 
Furrier  "  he  was  sometimes  called)  on 
Apr.  17,  1561  ;.  the  baptism  of  Joan, 
daughter  of  William  Smith  haberdasher  of 
Henley  Street  on  Apr.  22,  the  first  child  of 
his  second  wife,  Agnes  Chit-law  (whom  he 
married  on  May  17,  1560,  after  the  death 
of  his  first  wife  Elizabeth  in  April,  1559),  a 
child  that  lived  to  be  an  old  lady  of  eighty 
and  one  of  the  last  to  have  known  William 
Shakespeare  from  his  birth  ;  the  baptism  of 
a  son  of  the  young  Squire  Clopton  on  June  8, 
Lodovifus  fiiius  Gulielmi  Clopton  de  Clopton 
fas  John  Bretchgirdle  records  the  event)  ; 
the  baptism  on  June  15  of  William  Shakes- 
peare's future  schoolfellow  and  comrade, 
John  Sadler,  son  of  John  Sadler  the  miller, 
and  grandson  of  Roger  Sadler  the  baker  ; 
the  marriag?  ot  Squire  Clopton's  sister, 
Rose,  with  Master  John  Combe  on  Aug.  27  ; 
and  the  burial  of  Alderman  Robert  Perrott's 
first  wife,  Alice,  on  Sept.  13. 

This  John  Combe  was  the  second  of  the 
name.  His  father,  John  Combe  the  First, 
was  still  living  in  Old  Stratford,  and  had  six 
years  to  live.  John  Combe  the  Second  had 
lost  his  first  wife,  Joyce  Blount,  a  few  months 
only  before  his  second  marriage.  She  left 
him  with  five  little  sons,  the  youngest  of 
whom,  Christopher,  was  buried  on  May  15, 
1561.  Bretchgirdle  officiated,  no  doubt,  at 
the  burial  of  this  child,  and  at  the  wedding 
of  his  father  and  Mistress  Rose  Clopton  on 
Aug.  27.  The  wedding  must  have  been  a 
function  of  importance  in  the  neighbourhood. 
It  had  religious  as  well  as  social  significance. 
The  Cloptons  w^ere  Catholics.  They  main- 
tained a  priest  in  their  house.  John  Combe 
the  First,  notwithstanding  his  association 
with  the  late  William  Lucy,  was  little  of  a 
Protestant.  He  may  have  had  enough  of 
Protestantism,  as  very  many  had,  in  the 
reign  of  King  Edward.  In  Oct.  1564,  he 
was  marked  clown  by  a  Puritan  neighbour  as 
an  "adversary  of  the  True  Religion."  His 
sons  John  and  William,  on  the  other  hand, 
were  of  the  new  faith.  To  her  husband's 
fortune  Mistress  Rose  added  the  200  ma,rks 
bequeathed  to  her  by  her  father  :  and  to  his 
four  sons  she  added  six  more  children,  four  of 
whom  died  in  infancy.  EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 
(To  be  continued.) 


"  HOGLE  GRODELES." — At  the  risk  of 
adding  yet  another  column  to  Dr.  Addison's 
statistics  of  the  public  health  might  one- 
enquire  what  this  fashionable  malady  was  ? 
The  last  word  of  it  is  easily  guessed — but 
what  is  "Hogle  "  ? 

Lord  Mount  Cashell  wrote  to  the  Marquess 
of  Ormonde  on  June  15,  1706,  as  follows  : — 

"....(the  loss  of  a  lawsuit)  which  has  given 
Lady  Newburgh  one  of  the  fashionable  distempers 
that  reigns  at  Tunbridge  Wells  for  vapory  people,, 
called  the  Hogle  Grodeles." 

The  name  is  that  apparently  of  the  actual 
complaint  and  is  not  a  slang  description  of 
one.  (It  will  be  found  in  a  report  of  the 
Historic  Manuscripts  Commission  ;  in  print.) 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

A  COACHMAN'S  EPITAPH. — The  following 
appears  on  a  carved  headstone  now  built  in 
the  wall  cf  Haddiscoe  Churchyard,  Suffolk.. 
I  do  not  find  it  in  the  various  books  on 
epitaphs  : — 

WILLIAM  8 ALTER. 
Yarmouth  Stage  Coach  Man. 
Died  October  the  9th,  1776. 

Aged  59  Years. 

Here  lies  Will  Salter  honest  man 
Deny  it  Envy  if  you  can 
True  to  his  business  and  his  trust 
Always  punctual  always  just 
His  horses  coud  they  speak  woud  tell 
They  loved  their  good  old  master  well 
His  up  hill  work  is  chiefly  done 
His  Stage  is  ended  Race  is  run 
One  journey  is  remaining  still 
To  climb  up  Sions  holy  hill 
And  now  his  faults  are  all  forgiven 
Elija  like  drive  up  to  heaven 
Take  the  Reward  of  all  his  Pains 
And  leave  to  other  hands  the  Reins. 

WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.R.X.S. 

"COUNTS  OF  THE  HOLY  ROMAN  EMPIRE/ 
Mr.    Yeatman,    in    his    '  Early    Genealogy, 
deals  in  a  large  volume  with  the   'History 
of  the  House  of  Arundell,'  and  gives  a  full 
translation    of    the    almost    unique    patent,, 
which  has  recently  undergone  examination 
at  the  College  of  Arms,  granting  the  title  of 
Count  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire  to  the- 
first  Lord  Arundell  of  Wardour. 

The  patent  was  granted  by  the  Emperor 
Rudolph  on  Dec.  14,  1595,  and  what  makes 
it  so  specially  remarkable  is  that,  contrary 
to  the  normal  custom,  the  dignity  is  made 
to  descend  to  all  the  legitimate  issue  of  the 
original  grantee  for  ever.  This  is  most 
unusual.  Queen  Elizabeth,  Mr.  Yeatman 
points  out,  would  not  recognize  the  title,, 
saying  that  "she  did  not  wish  her  own 


i2s.  viii.  FEB.  19,  io2i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


sheep  to  be  shepherded  by  another  shep- 
herd," and  she  created  Thomas  Arundell 
Lord  Arundell  of  Wardour.  Mr.  Yeatman 
gives  a  full  translation,  of  the  patent,  a  Latin 
copy  of  which  is  at  the  Heralds'  College, 
while  the  original  is  at  Wardour  Castle  : — 

"  We,  by  our  full  Imperial  authority  and 
power,  have  created,  made,  and  nominated  you, 
the  aforesaid  Thomas  Arundel  (who  before  this 
time  derive  Crom  ymr  ancestors  in  England  the 
consanguinity  of  Counts),  and  all  and  every  of 
your  children,  heirs,  and  legitimate  descendants 
of  both  sexes,  already  born,  or  that  ever  hereafter 
shall  be,  true  Counts  and  Countesses  01  the  sacred 
Roman  .  Empire  :  and  we  have  granted  and 
ennobled  you  with  the  title,  honour,  and  dignity 
of  the  Empire,  as  by  the  tenor  of  these  presents, 
we  do  create,  make,  nominate,  grant,  and  ennoble. 
Willing,  and  firmly  and  expressly  decreeing,  by 
this  our  Imperial  patent,  which 'will  be  always 
in  force,  that  you  the  aforesaid  Thomas  Arundel, 
with  all  and  every  oi'  your  children  and  legitimate 
posterity,  both  male  and  female  for  ever  do  have, 
possess  and  assume  for  ever,  the  title,  stile,  and 
dignity  of  Counts  of  the  Empire  :  and  that  you 
be  honoured,  called  and  stiled  by  that  title,  both 
in  writing  and  speaking  in  things  spiritual  and 
temporal,  ecclesiastical  and  prophane." 

The  dignity  has  thus  descended  to  all  the 
issue,  by  his  first  marriage,  of  the  fourth 
Earl  of  Rosebery  ;  to  all  the  issue  of  Sir 
Henry  St.  John-Mildmay,  fourth  Baronet, 
and  M.P.  for  Winchester  ;  and  of  his  brother, 
Mr.  Paulet  St.  John-Mildmay,  M.P.  for 
Winchester,  and  their  descendants.  Inquiry 
from  a  member  of  the  Mildmay  family  has 
elicited  the  fact  that  while  they  are  fully 
aware  that  they  are  possessors  of  the  dignity, 
they  seldom,  if  ever,  make  use  of  it.  We 
understand  that  there  are  very  few  patents 
of  a  similar  kind  in  existence.  Mr.  Yeat- 
man's  work,  which  covers  a  very  extensive 
field,  deals  with  every  known  branch  of  the 
great  House  of  Arundell,  including  the 
family  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  of  any  other 
Patents  of  this  dignity.  I  believe  that  the 
one  cited  above  is  almost  if  not  entirely 
unique  in.  its  very  wide  and  comprehensive 
limitation.  A.  A.  A. 

"  LIMMIG,"  EARL  OF  CHESTER  :  LYMAGE, 
co.  HANTS. — In  the  index  to  Mr.  H.  L. 
Camion's  '  The  Great  Roll  of  the  Pipe 
26  Henry  III  '  (1241-2),  1918,  appears, 
under  "Cestre,"  "  Limmig,  comes  de." 
The  reference  is  to  p.  242  where  we  find, 
under  the  heading  "  De  Placitis  Foreste  " 
(Cainbriclge  and  Huntingdon),  "  Limmig' 
comitis  Cestr'  debet  jm.  pro  veteri  vasto." 
The  indexing  is  clearly  wrong  as  there  was 
no  such  Earl  of  Chester  and  the  genitive  is 


used.  The  reference  must  be  to  some 
place  in  Cambridgeshire  or  Huntingdonshire 
belonging  to  the  late  Earl  (John  the  Scot, 
d.  1237)  which  owed  a  mark  as  a  fine  for 
waste.  We  find  on  the  Charter  Roll  of  1302 
that  John  de  Hastings  (whose  ancestor  ob- 
tained a  share  of  the  Earl  of  Chester  and 
Huntingdon's  honour  of  Huntingdon)  owned- 
lands  in  Brampton  and  "Lymmynge,"  co. 
Hunts.  This  led  me  to  make  inquiries  as 
I  could  find  no  such  place  in  gazetteers. 
Mr.  S.  Inskip  Ladd,  of  Huntingdon,  states 
(1)  there  is  a  farm  called  Lymage  Farm  in 
West  Perry,  parish  of  Great  S  taught  on, 
which  is  now  separated  by  the  parish  of 
Grafham  from  Brampton,  though  not  far 
away  ;  and  (2)  the  old  county  maps  show 
a  wood  called  Limage  Wood,  to  the  north 
of  the  farm.  The  wood  has  ceased  to  exist. 
I  think  we  may  safely  identify  "Limmig  " 
as  Lymage.  R.  STEWART  BROWN. 

THE  ALBERT  MEMORIAL,  HYDE  PARK. — 
The  following  may  be  worth  noting,  from 
'  The  Life  and  Letters  of  Lady  Dorothy 
Xevill,'  by  Ralph  Nevill,  1919,  p.  276  :— 

"  According  to  a  story,  which  may  or  may  not 
have  been  true  [Sir  Henry]  Cole  it  was  who  caused 
the  Albert  Memorial  to  be  built  where  it  is,  by 
persuading  Queen  Victoria  that  the  site  was  a 
'  revelation  of  Providence.'  He  declared  that  if 
a  line  were  taken  through  the  centre  of  the 
Exhibition  of  1851,  ard  prolonged,  and  then 
another  line  breadthways  through  the  Exhibition 
of  1862.  and  also  prolonged,  the  two  would  cut 
each  other  at  the  spot  where  the  Monument  was 
to  be  placed." 

For  Sir  Henry  Cole,  1808-1882,  see  the 
'D.N.B.'  W.  B.  H. 

DICKENS,  MRS.  BLIMBER,  AND  COLLEY 
CIBBER. — Dickens  was,  or  could  have  been, 
a  great  actor.  His  fondness  for  the  stage 
is  well  known.  I  cannot  help  thinking  that 
he  must  have  read  Gibber's  'Apology,'  and 
derived  from  the  Dedication  to  it  a  hint  for 
Mrs.  Blimber  in  '  Dombey  and  Son.'  Th&t 
learned  lady  in  chap.  xi.  exchanged  com- 
pliments concerning  her  family  with  Mr. 
Dombey,  and  then  : 

"'But  really,'  pursued  Mrs.  Blimber,  'I 
think  if  I  could  have  known  Cicero,  and  been  his 
friend,  and  talked  with  him  in  his  retirement  at 
Tusculum  (beau-ti-ful  Tusculum  1),  I  could  have 
died  contented.'  " 

This  is  sufficiently  absurd;  but  so  is 
Gibber's  Dedication  'To  a  Certain  Gentle- 
man,' which  includes  the  following  high- 
flown  passage  : — 

"  Let  me  therefore  only  talk  to  you  as  at 
Tusculum  (for  so  I  will  call  that  sweet  retreat 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.  VHJ.  FEB.  19. 1021. 


which  your  own  hands  have  raised)  where,  like 
the  famed  orator  of  old,  when  public  cares  permit, 
you  pass  so  many  rational,  unbending  hours  : 
then,  and  at  such  times,  to  have  been  admitted, 
still  plays  in  my  memory  more  like  a  fictitious  than 
a  real  enjoyment !  How  many  golden  evenings, 
in  that  theatrical  paradise  of  watered  lawns  and 
hanging  groves,  have  I  walked  and  prated  down 
the  sun  in  social  happiness  !  Whether  the  retreat 
of  Cicero,  in  cost,  magnificence,  or  curious  luxury 
of  antiquities,  might  not  out-blaze  the  simplex 
munditiis,  the  modest  ornaments  of  your  villa, 
is  not  within  my  reading  to  determine  :  but  that 
the  united  power  of  nature,  art,  or  elegance  of 
taste,  could  have  thrown  so 'many  varied  objects 
into  a  more  delightful  harmony,  is  beyond  my 
conception." 

This  parade  of  enthusiasm  for  classical 
archaeology  reminds  me  of  Dr.  Blimber  also, 
though  there  is  a  note  in  it  of  the  subservient 
•coxcomb  which  belongs  specially  to  the 
ingenious  and  conceited  author.  V.  R. 


(gruriea. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SKELTON  OF  HESKET  AND  ARMATHWAITE 
CASTLE,  CUMBERLAND. — The  following  is 
copied  from  a  note  which  was  made  by  a 
great-grandson  of  Thomas  and  Amabilis 
Skelton  : — 

"On  a  tombstone  in  Hesket  Church-yard 
*  Hie  recubat  Thomas  Skelton  et  Amabilis  uxor  | 
et  cinis  est  unus  qua?  fuit  una  caro  |  Filius  hos 
inter  Gulielmus  contuit  ossa  |  Corpora  sic  uno 
pulvere  trina  jacent  |  Sic  opifex  rerum  omni- 
potens  qui  trinus  est  unus  j  Pulvere  ab  hoc  uno 
•corpora  trina  dabit. 

( Thomas  Skelton  A.D.  1720  JE.  78. 
Obiere   -J  Gulielmus  filius  A.D.  1726  M.  26. 

(Amabilis  Skelton  A.D.  1759  M.  94. 
Optimorum  parentum  memoria  sacrum  ac  grati 
animi  argumentum  hoc  posuere  liberi  superstites 
Thos.  Isaacus,  et  Sarah  Skelton  A.D.  1762.' 
N.B. — Of  the  ancient  family  of  Skeltons." 

Evidently  the  writer  had  reasons  for 
thinking  the  Skeltons  buried  in  Hesket 
churchyard  were  related  to  the  Skeltons 
who  were  at  Armathwaite  Castle  until  17 12. 
From  the  sources  open  to  me  at  present  I 
cannot  trace  the  relationship.  Foster's 
'  Pedigrees  of  Lancashire  Families  '  does  not 
show  Thomas  and  Amabilis  among  the 
Skeltons.  I  shall  be  grateful  to  any  one 
who  can  aid  me  in  tracing  the  connection. 
E.  W.  BRUNSKILL. 

Cark-in-Cartmel. 


ARMS  :  IDENTIFICATION  SOUGHT. — I  have 
a  bookplate  of  arms,  viz.,  a  chevron,  purpurc, 
between  three  (query)  cat-a-mountain  heads, 
or.  Crest,  a  Hermit.  Are  these  Barring- 
ton  or  Berington  ?  See  Burke 's  '  Landed 
Gentry  '  (Berks.  Chester,  Hereford  and 
Worcester). 

I  have  miniatures  painted  on  ivory  of 
Judge  Berington  and  his  wife,  and  my 
grandmother,  his  niece.  My«  grandfather, 
Paul,  came  from  Datchet,  near  Windsor,  to 
Essex.  I  shall  be  glad  if  any  reader  could 
throw  light  011  the  arms  ? 

HENRY  GOODY. 

Colchester. 

JOHN  CROOK,  QUAKER  :  PORTRAIT 
WANTED. — Is  there  any  known  existing 
portrait  of  John  Crook  (born  1617),  Quaker  ? 
Stated  to  have  been  of  Lancashire  stock  but 
resided  in  Bedfordshire.  According  to  the 
'D.N.B.'  he  wrote  a  number  of  books 
several  of  which  had  a  wide  popularity 
during  the  eighteenth  century.  In  1653 
he  was  recommended  to  the  Protector  as  a 
fit  person  to  serve  as  knight  of  the  shire  for 
Bedfordshire.  He  died  at  Hertford  in  1699 
and  was  buried  at  Sewel  (Beds). 

F.  CROOKS. 

Eccleston  Park,  Prescot. 

JOHN  BEAR,  MASTER  OF  THE  FREE  SCHOOL 
AT  RIPON. — Hearne  in  his  '  Collections  ' 
under  Mar.  17,  1721-2,  states  that 

"Mr.  John  Bear,  Bach,  of  Arts  and  Student  of 
Ch.  Ch.,  who  determined  the  Lent,  was  about  five 
months  pgo  made  Master  of  the  Free  School  ot 
Rippon  in  Yorkshire  "  (vol.  vii.  339). 

I  am  unable  to  find  any  John  Bear  of 
Ch.  Ch.  in  'Alumni  Oxon.,'  or  in  the  'Cata- 
logue of  Oxford  Graduates,'  and  it  would 
seem  that  there  is  a  mistake  somewhere. 
Can  any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give 
the  name  of  the  master  of  Ripon  School, 
who  was  appointed  in  1721  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

VOLUNTEERING  IN  "THE  FORTIES.  "- 
I  entered  an  Edward  VI.  Grammar  School 
in  1846.  We  were  drilled  by  an  ex-Sergeant 
of  Militia.  There  was  not  then  any  semb- 
lance of  a  company  or  corps,  but  there 
survived  memories  of  such  an  organization  ; 
and  I  remember,  as  a  child,  seeing  at  this 
school  a  senior  boy  wearing,  I  think,  some 
sort  of  uniform  and  certainly  armed  with  a 
sword.  Is  there  any  recollection  of  any 
general  drilling  or  enrolment  of  volunteers 
at  this  time  ?  and  if  so  for  what  reason? 
France  had  been  engaged  with  Abd-el-Kacler 
and  the  Sultan  of  Morocco,  and  this  conflict 


12  s.  VIIL  FEB.  19, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


led  to  the  bombardment  of  Tangiers  by  a 
French  fleet  under  Prince  de  Joinville  :  an 
•expedition  mercilessly  ridiculed  by  Punch. 
England  resented  this  action  by  France ; 
but  was  this  difference  sufficient  to  promote 
anything  like  a  general  enrolment  of  volun- 
teers ?  Was  there  any  other  cause,  or  only 
the  memory  of  the  Waterloo  campaign  ? 

K.  S. 

EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE  SCOTTISH  AND 
IRISH  GAEL. — What  amount  of  credibility  is 
to  be  attached  to  the  '  Chronicles  of  Eri, ' 
published  by  Sir  Richard  Phillips  &  Co.  in 
1821  ? 

This  purports  to  be  a  translation  from  the 
original  records  of  the  Irish  Olam  or 
official  recorders.  The  two  volumes  pub- 
lished extend  only  up  to  B.C.  7,  and  the 
translator,  The  O'Connor  of  the  time,  gives 
-a  lengthy  dissertation  intended  to  prove 
that  the  Hebrews,  Greeks  and  Romans  were 
offshoots  of  the  original  stock  new  directly 
represented  by  the  Scots. 

I  have  hitherto  failed  to  find  any  refer- 
ence to<his  work  in  any  modern  historian. 

A.  D.  M. 

"THE  SWORD  OF  BANNOCKBURN." — I 
have  been  much  exercised  to  find  the 
English  original  of  the  words  said  to  be 
•engraved  on  the  ancient  "  Sword  of  Bannock- 
burn  "  belonging  to  the  Douglas  family. 
In  Theodore  Fontane's  account  of  his  trips 
to  England  and  Scotland,  I  came  upon  a 
-German  version,  containing  the  distich  : — • 

Dann  trag  du,  wenn  ich  gestorben  bin 

Mein  Herz  zum  heil'gen  Grabe  hin. 

These  words  inspired  the  much  admired 
ballad  'The  Heart  of  Douglas,'  .by  Leo  von 
'Strachwitz.  I  have  not  been  able  to  lay 
hands  on  a  book  called  :  '  Old  Scottish 
Weapons,'  by  Drummond,  Edinburgh,  1881, 
which  might  very  likely  contain  the  infor- 
mation desired,  flight  I  appeal  to  yourself 
and  your  learned  correspondents  for  the 
authentic  words  and  whatever  else  may  be 
known  about  the  sword  and  its  inscription 
.in  literature  ?  J.  L.  CARDOZA. 

117  Middenweg,  W-meer,  Amsterdam. 

HAWKE  FAMILY. — Can  any  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  give  me  information  of  the 
Ancestry  of  Edward  Hawke,  Esq.,  father  of 
the  great  Admiral  Hawke  ?  Was  his  family 
resident  at  Towton  during  the  seventeenth 
•century  ?  Information  of  his  uncles  or 
aunts  desired.  J.  HILLSTONE. 

[Sir  J.  K.  Laughton  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  says  that 
this  family  had  been  for  generations  resident  at 
Treriven,  Cornwall.] 


WILSON  THE  "RANGER  OF  THE  HIMA- 
LAYAS."— Bayard  "rflylor  in  his  'Travels  in 
India,  China,  and  Japan,'  speaks  of  meeting 
in  Rajpore,  India  (1853),  "Wilson,  the 
noted  'Ranger  of  the  Himalayas,'  as  he  is 
called." 

Who  was  he  ?  I  can  find  no  mention  of 
him  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  and  will  be  glad  of  any 
details,  including  dates  of  birth  and  death, 
if  possible.  From  Taylor's  account  he  must 
have  been  born  about  1803. 

WILLIAM  ABBATT. 

INNYS  COLLECTION  OF  MAPS. — In  Go  ugh 's 
'Camden,'  vol.  i.,  1789,  p.  274,  occurs  the 
following  passage  : — 

"  In  Westbury-on-Trim  is  '  Redlands,'  the 
residence  of  John  Innys,  Esq.,  elder  brother  of 
the  eminent  bookseller  of  that  name,  whose 
matchless  collection  of  maps,  views  and  plans  of 
all  parts  of  the  world  in  near  100  volumes  are 
since  his  death,  passed  into  the  library  at 
Holkham." 

Who  is  the  present  owner  of  this  collec- 
tion ?  O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD. 

PHAESTOS  DISK. — This  is  a  round  piece  of 
pottery,  covered  with  Cretan  pictographs  ; 
and  as  the  inscription  is  rather  a  long  one, 
and  well  preserved,  it  ought  to  give  some 
evidence,  or  be  capable  of  an  explanation. 
Sir  Arthur  Evans  was  inclined  to  see  in  it 
a  hymn,  or  metrical  composition  of  some 
kind.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  if  any 
progress  has  been  made  in  its  decipherment 
during  the  last  ten  years.  W.  H.  GARLAND. 

AMERICAN  CUSTOMS  :  A  LONG  GRACE. — 
We  are  told  by  Mr.  Herbert  Paul  in  his 
'Life  of  Froude,'  that  in  America  in  1872 
"a  very  long  grace  is  always  said  before 
dinner."  Has  that  practice  been  modified 
somewhat  since  ?  Will  someone  learned  in 
American  manners  give  us  the  grace  in 
extenso,  if  it  is  not  too  long  for  printing  in 
'  N.  &  Q. '  It  cannot  exceed  in  length  the 
ritual  of  the  Hebrews,  probably  the  longest 
grace  in  the  world. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

BONTE. — One  of  my  maternal  ancestors 
was  the  first  wife  of  Dr.  William  Roxburgh, 
Superintendent  of  the  Calcutta  Botanic 
Gardens,  1793  (see  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.').  Her 
maiden  name  was  Bonte ;  according  to 
family  tradition,  her  father  (Christian  name 
unknown)  was  of  French  or  Swiss  extraction, 
and  was  at  one  time  "  Governor  of  Penang." 
But  this  cannot  I  think  have  been  the  case, 
for  at  11  S.  iii.  325-6,  MR.  A.  FRANCIS 
STEWART  points  out  that  Penang  was  from 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  10, 1921. 


its  foundation  in  1786  until  1794  under  the 
charge  of  its  founded,  Francis  Light.  He 
was  succeeded  as  Superintendent  by  Philip 
Manington,  he  by  Major  Forbes  Ross 
MacDonald,  and  Sir  George  Leith  was 
appointed  the  first  Lieut. -Governor  in,  1800. 
Can  any  one  give  information  about  this 
M.  Bonte,  who  was  in  fact  my  great-great- 
grandfather ?  PHILIP  NORMAN. 
45  Evelyn  Gardens,  S.W.7. 

EMBROIDERED  BIBLE,  1660  :  STEWART  : 
BEALES. — Embroidered  Bible  printed  1660. 
On  one  cover  is  portrayed  Charles  II.  in 
needlework,  and  on  the  other  Catherine  of 
Braganza.  On  the  fly  leaf  is  written  : — 

"Mary  Stewart  born  Sept  23rd,  1743,  died 
May  15th,  1807." 

"  William  Beales  born  25th  Deer.  1744,  died 
April  28th.  1828." 

"  Mary  Beales  born  16th  March,  1770,  died 
5th  Novr.,  1807." 

"  William  Beales  born  13th  Febry,  1777." 

There  is  a  velvet  bag  for  carrying  the 
Bible  in,  which  is  made  of  the  Royal  tartan. 

Can  any  reader  give  me  any  information 
regarding  Mary  Stewart,  Mary  Beales  and  /or 
William  Beales  ? 

PERCIVAL  D.  GRIFFITH?,  F.S.A. 

Sandridgebury,  St.  Albans. 

DR.  ROBERT  JAMES  CULVERWELL. —  This 
personage,  who  kept  baths  at  10  Argyll  Place 
and  5  Xew  Broad  Street,  and  wrote  several 
curious  books  was  born  in  1802.  Boase  says 
he  died  in  1852.  But  he  was  still  writing  in 
1855  and  I  have  reason  to  believe  was  living 
in  the  early  sixties.  When  did  he  die  ?  Is 
Culverwell  a  Devonshire  name  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37  Bedford  Square,  W.C. 

JOHN  BARNE. — To  whom  was  John  Barne, 
second  son  of  Sir  George  Barne,  Lord  Mayor 
of  London,  in  1586,  married  ?  He  had  a 
daughter,  Mary,  his  co-heir,  married  to 
Francis  Roberts  of  Willesdon,  ancestor  of  the 
Roberts,  extinct  baronets  of  Willesdon. 

WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  Co.  Down. 

HERALDIC  ARMS  WANTED. — Paly  argent 

and  azure  a  bend  or  charged  with  three 
cinquefoils.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead. 

ROUTE  THROUGH  WORCESTERSHIRE. — On 
Nov.  7>  1605,  the  Gunpowder  Plot  con- 
spirators left  Huddington,  in  Worcester- 
shire, at  7  o'clock,  with  a  cart  of  ammunition, 
to  rise  in  rebellion.  They  arrived  at  Hewell 
Grange  at  1  o'clock  P.M.,  and  broke  into 


Lord  Windsor's  house,  where  they  stole- 
armour  and  horses.  They  then  proceeded 
to  Holbeche  House,  about  4  miles  from 
Wolverhampton,  where  they  arrived  at 
10  o'clock  P.M.  At  some  part  of  their 
journey  they  had  to  cross  the  river  Stour, 
and  in  doing  so,  the  powder  in  their  cart 
which  was  "low  built  "  got  "wetted." 
Could  any  of  your  Worcestershire  readers 
indicate  where  they  would  cross  that  river 
and  generally  the  route  they  would  be- 
likely  to  take  in  that  journey  ?  G.  B.  M. 
The  Lodge,  Laleham  Road,  Clifton ville,  Kent. 

ARCHBISHOP  JOHN  WILLIAMS'  "  MANUAL." 
— A  Biographical  Dictionary  consulted, 
besides  Ambrose  Phillips'  Life  of  the 
Archbishop,  makes  no  mention  of  the  Prelate's 
'Manual,'  pointed  in  London  1672-22, 
years  after  his  death.  Title-page  contents 
describe  it  thus  : — 

Manual : 

or 

Three  Small  and  plain 
Treatises, 

viz 
1.  Of  Prayer,  or  Active  "j 

2  --   Principles,  or  Positive          Divinity. 

3  —  Resolutions  or  OppositiveJ 


Translated  and  Collected  out  of  the  Ancient 
Writers  for  the  Private  Use  of  a  most  Noble  Lady 
to  preserve  her  from  the  Danger  of  Popery. 

The  final  8  pages  of  this  16mo  book  seem, 
to  confute  the  general  premises  of  the  rest 
of  the  work  as  though  a  pieced  addition. 
Can  anything  be  said  on  that  head  ?  Who* 
was  the  Noble  Lady  referred  to  for  whom, 
the  Manual  was  directly  intended  ? 

ANEUBIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 


ST.  THOMAS'S  DAY  CUSTOM. 

(12  S.  viii.  50,   112.) 

THE    custom    of    distributing   alms    on    £ 
Thomas's  Day   appears  to   have   been  for- 
merly pretty  general  thoughout  the  country. 
Brand    in    his    '  Popular    Antiquities  '    (ed. 
Ellis)  says  : — 

"  I  find  some  faint  trace  of  a  custom  of  going 
a  gooding  (as  it  is  called)  on  St.  Thomas's  Day, 
which  seems  to  have  been  done  by  women  only 
who  in  return  for  the  alms  they  received,  appear 
to  have  presented  their  benefactors  with  sprwa 
of  evergreens,  probably  to  deck  their  houses  wi 
at  the  ensuing  festival." 


12  s.  viii.  FEB.  19, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


And  in  the  notes  there  is  a  reference  to  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  April,  1794,  whore 
the  writer,  speaking  of  the  preceding  mild 
winter  says  :  - 

"  The  wom"n  'who  went  a  gooding  (as  they  call 
it  in  these  parts)  on  St.  Thomas's  Day  might,  in 
return  for  alms,  have  presented  their  benefactors 
with  sprigs  of  palms  and  bunches  of  primroses." 

Brand  lias,  however,  underestimated  the 
evidence  for  the  custom.  In  addition  to 
the  information  contributed  by  corre- 
spondents at  the  last  of  the  above  references, 
Thiselton  Dyer  ('British  Popular  Customs,' 
London,  Bell,  189 Ij  states  that 

"  in  soiu"  parts  of  the  country  (Northampton- 
shire, Kent,  Sussex,  Herefordshire,  Worcester- 
shire, <!cc.),  St.  Thomas's  l)a>  is  observed  by  a 
custom  called  Going  a  Gooding.  The  poor  people 
K'  •  round  the  parish  and  call  at  the  houses  of  the 
principal  inhabitants  begging  money  or  pro- 
visions wherewith  to  celebrate  the  approaching 
festivity  of  Christmas." 

He  further  states  that  in  Cheshire 

"  the  poor  people  go  from  farm  to  farm  ' 
thomasm  '  and  generally  carrying  with  them  a 
bag  and  a^can,  into  which  meal,  flour  and  corn  are 
put.  Begging  on  this  day  is  universal  in  this 
and  the  neighbouring  counties." 

In  Herefordshire  a  similar  custom  i.« 
called  "going  a  mumping."  In  Stafford- 
shire not  only  the  old  women  and  widows 
but  in  many  places  representatives  from 
evrv  poor  family,  went  round  for  alms. 
In  some  places  in  this  country  the  monej 
collected  \vas  given  to  the  clergyman  and 
churchwardens "  who  distributed  ^it  in  the 
vest  rv  on  the  Sunday  nearest  to  St.  Thomas's 
Day.  The  fund  was  called  St.  Thomas's 
Dole  (see  2  S.  iv.  103,  487).  In  Cope'; 
'Hampshire  Glossary  '  (English  Dialed 


ipsh 

Society,  1883),  we  find  : — 


"  To  go  flooding  is  when  poor  old  women  go 
about  on  St.  Thomas's  Day  to  collect  money  for 
Christmas.  The  recipients  are  supposed  to  be 
the  wives  .  .f  holders  of  cottages — "  good  men." 
i.e.,  householders  (cp.  St.  Matt.  xxiv.  43)  and 
were  called  Goodwife  or  Goody.  Hence  the 
name.  In  old  lists  of  Goodings  of  Bramshill, 
the  recipients  .-ire  all  entered  '  Goody  so-and-so.'  " 

A  writer  in  The  Quarterly  Review  for  -Inly, 
1874.  ]>.  32,  in  an  article  on  the  Isle  of  Wiyht , 
when  referring  to  old  customs  then  still 
prevailing  there,  says 

"  Old  women  go  about  a-gooding  on  St. 
Thomas's  Day." 

Halliwell  ('Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Pro- 
vincial Words  ')  has 

"To  go  a.  gooding,  among  poor  people,   is  to 

3  about  before  Christmas  to  collect  money  or 

corn  to  enable  them  to  keep  the  festival — Kent  "  | 


and.  he  explains  "  Mumping  Day  "  as 
"  the  21st  of  December  when  the  poor  go  about 
the     country    begging    corn,    &c.,    Herefordshire- 
See     Dunkiri's     '  History    of    Bicester,'     p.     270,. 
j-:,l.  1816." 

The  practice  of  "mumping'  formerly 
existed  at  Clitheroe  about  Christmas  time. 
My  informant  now  dead  was  not  certain  of 
the  exact  day,  but  it  was  no  doubt  St. 
Thomas's  Day.  It  seems  to  have  been 
longest  kept  up  at  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Jeremiah  Garnet t,  whose  wife  was  a  Miss 
Eddlestone,  of  an  old  Clitheroe  family. 

"  One  condition  rigidly  exacted  was  that  the 
recipients  were  not  to  talk,  but  merely  knock  at 
the  door  and  say  nothing  but  present  themselves,, 
receive,  and  go  away.  On  account  of  this  the 
custom  was  known  as  Mumping  Day." 
The  gifts  appear  to  have  been  "something 
very  good  to  eat." 

St.  Thomas's  Day  was  often  chosen  as 
the  day  for  the  distribution  of  parochial  or 
other  local  charities.  Edwards  ( '  Old  Eng- 
lish Customs  and  Remarkable  Charities,* 
London,  1842)  gives  cases  as  occurring  at 
Horley  (Oxfordshire),  Xevern  (Pembroke- 
shire)," Taynton  (Oxfordshire),  Alrewas 
(Staffordshire),  Wokingham  (Berks),  Mel- 
bourne (Derbyshire),  Cliffe  Pyparcl  (Wilts),. 
Slindon  (Sussex),  Oxford,  Reading,  St. 
Andrew  Undershaft  (London),  Cambridge 
and  Ottery  St.  Mary  (Devonshire).  As 
Edwards  only  made  a  selection  of  cases 
from  the  Reports  of  the  Commissioners  for 
inquiring  into  the  Charities  of  England  and! 
Wales,  it  is  probable  that  a  search  through: 
the  whole  of  the  reports  would  furnish  many 
more  examples. 

In  mediaeval  tiir.es  it  was  the  practice  to 
fix  the  doing  of  acts,  or  the  payment  of 
money,  by  reference  to  a  Holy  Day — a 
usage  still  often  kept  up,  probably  without 
thinking  about  it.  The  four  usual  quarter- 
(U:ys  originated  from  their  being  Church 
festivals,  and  in  this  district  the  days  fixed' 
for  payment  of  rent  in  old  leases,  were  often 
the  Feast  of  Pentecost,  and  the  Feast  of 
St.  Martin  the  Bishop  in  winter  (Nov.  11), 
and  our  tenancies  of  agricultural  land  stilF 
usually  end,  and  farm  servants  often  change 
their  situations,  on  Feb.  2,  which  the  older 
country  people  still  refer  to  as  Candlemas. 
So  ingrained  was  the  habit  of  regulating 
lates  by  Holy  Days  that  in  some  Court 
Rolls  of  the  Manor  of  Gisburn,  which  I 
recently  had  the  opportunity  of  perusing,, 
although  Parliament  had  abolished  the  use- 
)f  the  Prayer  Book,  together  with  the 
)bservance  of  Christmas  and  oo.any  other 
olidays,  and  although  the  Lord  of  the- 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.pEB.i9,i92i. 


3Ianor  was  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary Cause,  yet  we  find  the  jury  during 
the  Commonwealth  still  directing  matters 
to  be  done  on  or  before  "  Christmas," 
"Michaelmas,"  "Bartholomew's  Day," 
"Whitsunday  "  and  "  Peterstyde. "  ' 

Hence,  although  St.  Thomas  appears  to 
.have  had  no  particular  connexion  with  alms- 
giving, we  can  understand  that  his  day  was 
selected  as  a  convenient  day  before  Christ- 
mas on  which  to  make  gifts  to  the  poor,  so 
that  they  might  be  the  better  enabled  to 
«njoy  the  coming  festival. 

"A  St.  Thomas  Bole  "  is  still  sometim.es 
used  as  if  it  were  a  proverbial  expression. 
Some  years  ago,  after  having  carried  through 
some  professional  business  for  a  client  to  his 
satisfaction,  I  received  from  him  just  before 
•Christmas  a  pair  of  silver  candlesticks,  and 
in  the  letter  which  accompanied  them,  which 
was  dated  Dec.  21,  he  referred  to  them  as  'a 
'St.  Thomas  Dole.'  ' 

With  reference  to  the  "  St.  Thomas's 
Candle  "  mentioned  by  C.  C.  B.,  it  may  be 
doubted  whether  it  has  any  other  connexion 
with  St.  Thomas  than  the  fact  that  it  was 
Pegged  on  St.  Thomas's  Day.  As  other  gifts 
•on  this  day  were  for  the  purpose  of  helping 
.the  poor  to  keep  Christmas,  so  the  gift  of  a 
candle  was  probably  to  furnish  them  with 
.a  "  Christmas  candle."  Brand  says  that 
on  Christmas  Eve  our  ancestors  were  used 
to  light  up  candles  of  an  uncommon  size 
called  Christmas  candles,  and  he  quotes  from 
Blount  that  Christmas  was  called  the  Feast 
of  Lights  in  the  Western  Church,  because 
that  they  used  many  lights  or  candles 'at  the 
feast,  or  rather  because  Christ  the  light  of 
lights,  that  true  Light,  then  came  into  the 
world — hence  the  Christmas  candles.  In 
the  Buttery  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford, 
there  is  an  ancient  stone  candle  socket 
formerly  used  to  burn  the  Christmas  candle 
in.  Brand  states  that  at  Ripon  on  Christ- 
mas Eve  the  chandlers  sent  large  mould 
candles  to  their  customers.  Nicholson's 
'Folk-Lore  of  East  Yorkshire'  (London, 
1890)  speaking  of  Christmas  customs  says  : — 

"  At  this  season  of  the  year  Shopkeepers  are 
•expected  t?  s/md  presents  to  their  customers. 
With  Growers  almanacks  have  superseded  the 
coloured  Christmas  Candle.  On  Christmas  Eve 
this  candle,  is  lighted  and  burns  in  the  post  of 
honour  either  in  the  middle  of  the  table  or  on 
the  mantel  piece." 

Hazlett  ('National  Faiths  and  Popular 
'Oustoms  ')  has  a  quotation  from  the  'Country 
Farmer's  Catechism  '  (1703),  in  which  the 
term  "Christmas  candle  "  is  used  in  such  a 
way  as  to  show  it  was  a  thing  well  known. 


It  should  be  recollected  that  Christmas 
took  the  place  of  the  pre-Christian  festival 
of  the  winter  solstice,  and  that  the  various 
sun  festivals  were  celebrated  by  the  burning 
of  lights  or  fires.  WM.  SELF -WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

A  lady  speaking  from  personal  recollec- 
tion tells  me  that  in  the  middle  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  at  Harworth  in  Notts,  a 
gentleman  farmer  used  on  St.  Thomas's  Day 
to  give  three  pints  of  wheat  each  to  poor 
families,  and  two  pints  each  to  widows  in  the 
parish.  At  Plumtree,  Notts,  and  afterwards 
at  Beeford  Grange,  Yorks,  the  same  lady's 
father  gave  cree'd  wheat  to  all  who  came 
for  it,  and  raised  mutton  pies  to  widows. 
To  "  cree  "  grain  is  to  soften  it  by  boiling. 
Wheat  was  cree'd  preparatory  to  the  making 
of  frumenty.  J.  T.  F. 


THE  PANCAKE  BELL  (12  S.  viii.  106).— 
A  single  bell  was  rung  in  Durham  Cathedral 
as  the  "Pancake  Bell"  until  some  few 
years  ago,  when  it  was  discontinued. 
Children,  victims  of  a  perennial  hoax,  used 
to  watch  for  pancakes  to  drop  from  the 
mouth  of  the  famous  sanctuary  knocker 
on  the  "north  door,  year  after  year,  and  I 
have  seen  them  on  the  look  out  since  the 
bell  has  ceased  to  ring.  It  seems  not  un- 
likely that  the  orginal  object  of  this  bell 
was  to  invite  people  to  confession  before 
Lent.  J.  T.  F. 

GREY  IN  SENSE  OF  BROWN  (12  S.  viii.  68, 
116).— Gasc's  Concise  French  Dictionary, 
1903,  gives  "grey,"  gris  ;  "brown"  (of 
bread),  bis.  Bis,  "brown":  pain  h/.v, 
"brown  bread  "  ;  pain  blanc,  "whity-brown 
bread." 

Sachs  -  Villatte,  German  Diet.,  gives: 
(1)  grauer  Wein=schmutzig  rotlicher  ^Yein  = 
vin  gris  ;  (2)  Franziskaner  or  Graue  Briider. 
Meyer's  '  Lexicon  '  says  that  their  habit  was 
a  dunkel  braun.  Prof.  Herdener,  of  Dur- 
ham, who  has  sent  me  the  German  refer- 
ences, adds  that  he  knows  British  tailors 
and  dvers  call  a  brown  suit  a  grey  suit. 

1  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

HAMILTONS  AT  HOLYROOD  (12  S.  vii.  110, 
172;    viii.     115). — Count    Gustavus    Davi« 
Hamilton  was  created  a  Count  of  Sweden 
in  1751.     He  married  Jacobina  Hildebrand 
and    had    eight    sons    ('Heraldry    of    the 
Hamiltons,'   110).     He  was  seventh  of  t 
ten  sons  of  Baron  Hugo  Hamilton,  by  his 
wife  Margaretta  Hamilton.     This  Hugo,  and 


12  s.  VIIT.  FEB.  ID,  1921]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


•his  elder  brother  Malcolm,  a  Major-General 
dn  the  Swedish  Army,  were  both  created 
Barons  of  Sweden  in  1689.  They  were  the 
sons,  by  Jean  Somerville,  of  John  or  Johan 
Hamilton,  who  settled  in  Sweden,  a  younger 
•brother  of  Hugo  Hamilton,  created  Lord 
Hamilton  of  Glenawly  in  1661,  and  son  of 
Malcolm  Hamilton  of  Ballygally  and 
Moyner,  co.  Tyrone,  Archbishop  of  Cashel, 
who  died  in  1629.  Unfortunately,  the 
heraldry  of  the  Hamiltons  makes  no  men- 
tion of  daughters.  C.  K.  S.  M. 

EDWARD  BOOTY  (12  S.  viii.  89).- — MR. 
ROE  will  find  some  account  (with  portraits^ 
•of  Frederick  William  Booty,  artist,  in  The 
Philatelic  Record',  June,  1905,  pp.  110-116, 
and  in  The  Stamp  Lover,  March,  1910, 
pp.  211-214.  P.  J.  AXDERSOX. 

University,  Aberdeen. 

REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES  : 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8,  34,  54, 
76,  111). — The  library  of  the  Bucks  Archaeo- 
logical Society  is  at  the  County  Museum, 
•Church  Street,  Aylesbury.  This  library 
contains  all  the  important  works  on  Bucks 
history  and  topography,  also  a  collection  of 
parish  histories  and  monographs.  The  MSS. 
collection  includes  : — 

The  Gough  MSS.  dealing  with  the  Xew- 
port  Hundreds. 

The  Lipscomb  MSS.  biographical  ccJlgc- 
tion  (presented  by  the  late  Sir  Arthur 
Liberty). 

^  The    County    Treasurer's    Rolls    for    the 
eighteenth  century,  more  than  200  bundles. 

A  collection  of  Bucks  deeds  and  Manor 
Court  Rolls,  seventeenth  and  .  eighteenth 
centuries  about  800  in  number. 

MSS.  Hi.st.  of  Buckingham  (Rev.  T. 
Silvester). 

About  fifty  parish  registers  in  MS.,  some 
of  which  are  incomplete. 

A  copy  of  Aylesbury  register,  40,000 
entries,  &c. 

W.   BRADBROOK,  Hon.   Secretary. 
The  Museum,  Church  Street.  Aylesbury. 

County  of  Shropshire.  The  Shrewsbury 
Public  Library  contains  a  very  large  collec- 
tion of  local  books,  manuscripts,  and  deed-. 
and  there  is  <>  printed  e.-.tr.logue  of  the  boo'---. 
The  manuscripts  are  /Mostly  of  genealogical 
or  historical  interest,  which  include  some  fifty 
volumes  of  pedigrees;  the  others  have 
|  reference  to  the  most  important  families 
in  the  County.  There  are  about  one  thou- 
sand deeds  (mostly  catalogued),  and  these 


relate    entirely    to    families    and    property. 
The  list  under  Shropshire  in  Humphreys's 
County  Bibliography  contains  155  items. 
H.  T.  BEDDOWS. 
Public  Librjry,  Sh  ewslmry. 

Some  yea-rs  ago,  when  chairman  of  the 
"  Books  "  Committee  of  the  Free  Library, 
at  Shrewsbury,  I  did  what  I  could — strongly 
backed  by  members  of  this  Committee, 
and  the  Council  of  the  Shropshire  Archaeo- 
logical Society — to  start  on  the  lines  sug- 
gested by  MR.  GEORGE  SHERWOOD,  who  gives 
a  very  good  idea  of  what  is  required. 

We  obtained  by  means  of  special  sub- 
scriptions and  gifts,  many  valuable  county 
deeds,  pedigrees,  and  such  like  :  especially 
all  the  deeds  concerning  the  county  of 
Salop,  which  were  formerly  in  possession  of 
the  late  Mr.  Henr£  Cray.  These  we  owe  to 
the  generosity  of  Sir  Offley  Wakeman. 
Also,  there  are  in  the  library  a  number  of 
deeds  relating  to  the  same  county,  and  to 
the  counties  of  Worcester  and  Hereford, 
which  are  there  on  "  Permanent  Loan." 

1  have  always  tried  to  impress  on  people 
that  all  books,  pedigrees,  deeds,  Poll-books, 
assessments  for  taxation,  &c.,  should  be 
found  in  the  public  library  of  the  county 
town,  so  that  any  person  desiring  to  note 
such  matters  connected  with  the  particular 
county,  need  only  go  to  this  place  for  the 
bulk  of  the  information,  and  save  much 
time  and  money.  I  think  that  there  should 
be  a  separate  card -index  for  books  and  MSS. 
relating  to  the  history,  and  another  for 
genealogy. 

The  Poll-books  ere  of  great  conseouence, 
as  they  show — up  to  a  certain  date — the 
names  of  all  Freeholders. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Loxley  TIousc,  Woking. 

SHILLETO  (US.  ix.  71,  136,  212.  296, 
335).— The  Rev.  William  Shilleto  (1817- 
1883),  Vicar  of  Gooshaigh,  Lanes,  who 
collected  much  information  on  the  origin 
and  genealogy  of  his  family,  declared  that 
the  Shilletos  came  to  England  a,s  Flemish 
merchants  and  settled  in  the  West  Riding  of 
Yorks,  during  the  reign  of  Edward  III., 
and  that  the  name  owed  its  derivation  to  the 
River  Schelte  in  Flanders.  That  trp-clition, 
lie  declared,  had  been  handed  down  to 
successive  generations  from  a  very  early 
date. 

I  have  since  discovered  that  a  family  of 
the  name  was  still  residing  at  Ypres  in 
Flanders  in  the  seventeenth  century  and 
that  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vin.  FEB.  10, 1021, 


Xantes  in  1685  they  came  to  England, 
settling  in  Colchester  together  with  a  family 
named  Boggis,  who  are  said  to  have  intro- 
duced the  manufacture  of  baize  into  this 
country. 

The  first  mention  of  the  name  in  iYbrks. 
Records  occurs  in  1374  when  William 
Shillito  and  Sybil  his  wife  are  defendants 
in  a  fine  touching  6  acres  of  land  in  Ponte- 
fract  ( Yorks.  Arch.  Soc.  Rec.  Ser  52).  Again, 
in  1403  occurs  the  administration  of  Agnes, 
wife  of  John  Shilleto  (so  spelt)  of  Snyclal 
near  Heath,  co.  York.  The  Rev.  W.  S. 
(a  younger  brother  of  the  famous  Greek 
scholar)  compiled  a  pedigree  of  the  Heath, 
Aberford  and  Kirkby  Wharfe  branches,  all 
of  whom  bore  the  same  arms.  I  now  find 
that  the  Heath  branch  were  closely  con- 
nected with  the  branches  of  Mathley, 
Gastleford  and  Featherstone,  who  were 
yeomen  and  weavers  in  those  parishes, 
during  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries. 
ROWLAND  J.  SHILLETO. 

Oxford.' 

COL.  OWEN  HOWE  (12  S.  viii.  109).— In 
answer  to  TRIUMVIR,  I  notice  that  though 
TEE  BEE  (1  S.  ix.  449)  quoted  from  vol.  iv. 
of  Lysons's  'Environs  of  London,'  he  had 
apparently  overlooked  the  following  refer- 
ence in  vcl.  i.  : — 

"Sir  William  Rovve,  of  Higham  Hill,  had  taken 
so  active  a  part  against  the  Royal  Cause,  as  to 
occasion  his  commitment  to  prison,  soon  after  the 
Restoration  (Public  Infe/liyeiicer,  July  9-16,  J660). 
His  cousin,  Colonel  Rowe  of  Hackney,  was  one  of 
the  regicides." 

In  the  'History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
Parish  of  Hackney,'  by  Wm.  Robinson, 
X.L.D.,  F.S.A.  (London,  1842),  is  found  the 
following  :  "  Owen  Rowe  was  of  the  Re  we 
family  of  Hackney." 

The  'D.JST.B.''  states,  of  course,  that 
Owen's  father  was  John  Rowe  of  Bicklej', 
Cheshire,  yeoman  ;  and  his  brother,  Capt. 
Francis  Rowe  (died  c.  December,  1649),  who 
was  Scoutmaster  General  of  Cromwell's 
Irish  Expedition.  Also  that  Owen  married 
thrice  :  first,  Mary.  dau.  of  John  Yeo- 
mant  [sic] ;  second,  Dorothy,  dau.  of  - 
Hodges,  of  Bristow  ;  and  third,  Mary,  dau 
of  Rowland  "Wiseman  [sic]  (Hasted  says 
Wilson),  of  London,  and  widow  of  Dr 
Crisp.  He  had  a  son,  though  by  whicl 
wife  is  not  mentioned,  Samuel  Rowe,  Fellow 
of  All  Souls,  Oxford. 

Chester's     'London     Marriage     Licenses 
refers    to    one,    dated    Feb.    4,    1616/7,    for 
Owen  Roe,  bachelor,  aged  24,  and  Mary,  28 
spinster,  dau.  of  John  Yeoman  [sic] 


At  6  S.  v.  327  ITHURIEL  wrote  on  the  olla 
podrida  of  a  herald's  w^ork  book  (1648-66),. 
and  quoted  an  entry  : — 

"  Arms  of  Col.  Rowe  (the  regicide)  of  Darlston, 
n  the  parish  of  Hackney,  impaled  with  those  of  his 
,vife  Lshe  was  the  daur  of  Hodges  of  Bristowe,, 
b.  18  Sept.  1650,  and  was  buried  at  Hackney." 
["his  appears  to  afford  additional  evidence- 
hat  it  was  the  Regicide  who  married 
Dorothy  Hodges,  and  also  that  he  was  in 
he  habit  of  using  armorials. 

BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

LAMB  IN  RUSSELL  STREET  (12  S.  viii.  109)- 
— In  maps  of  London  by  Harwood  and 
3ary,  dated  1799,  1804/1816,  and  1839 
Respectively,  the  Russell  Street  in  Covent 
harden  is  given  as  "  Russell  Street  "  simply y 
3iit  on  the  other  side  of  Bridges  Street  its- 
continuation  is  marked  as  Little  Russell 
Street. 

In  Elmes's   'Topographical  Dictionary  of 

Condon,'  1831,  however,  I  find  the  following 

ntry  : — 

"  Russell  Street.  1.  Great,  is  in  Bloomsbury 
Square,  at  the  N.W.  corner,  extending  to  Totten- 
iam  Court  Road.  2.  Little,  is  in  Bloomsbury, 
ihe  first  street  parallel  southward  to  part  of  the 
preceding.  3.  Little,  is  in  Drury  Lane,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Theatre.  4.  Great,  is  in  Covent  Garden,, 
the  continuation  of  the  preceding  to  the  East 
side  of  Covent  Garden." 

Moreover,  on  the  trade  card  of  Thomas 
Owen,  Lamb's  landlord,  the  brazier,  is  a- 
picture  of  his  house,  which,  being  a  corner 
one,  bears  also  the  name  of  the  street,  thus  : 
Gt.  Russell  Street.  And  Crabb  Robinson,, 
in  a  letter  to  his  brother  at  Bury  (Nov.  23,. 
1818) says : — 

"  At  Xmas  I  will  thank  nay  sister  to  send 
Turkies  as  usual.... One  to  Charles  Lamb  at 
Mr.  Owen's,  20  and  21  Great  Russell  Street*. 
Covent  Garden." 

This  evidence  proves,  I  think,  in  spite  of 
the  maps,  that  the  appellation  "  Great," 
though  often  omitted,  was  nevertheless  a- 
legitimate  part  of  Lamb's  address. 

G.  A.  ANDERSON. 

Woldingham. 

Mr.  C.  van  Noorden — to  whose  article  in 
The  Bookman's  Journal,  Feb.  6,  1920,  I  am 
indebted — discovered  in  the  British  Museum 
Library  the  business  card  of  the  brazier 
Owen,  over  whose  shop  lived  Charles  and 
Mary  Lamb.  A  reproduction  of  the  card 
which  shows  a  view  of  the  shop  and  house, 
known  as  "Russell  House,"  is  given  in  the 
above-named  journal  and  at  the  foot  of  it  is 
printed  "  Thos.  Owen,  20  and  21  Gt,  Russell 
Street,  Covent  Garden."  The  name  of  the 


12  s.  viii.  FEB.  19, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


v't  is  also  discernible  on  the  corner  of  the 
house.  The  two  numbers  formed  one  house 
"externally,  the  whole  of  the  ground  floor 
being  Owen's  shop.  After  Wills's  Coffee 
House  ceased  to  exist  the  upper  part  was 
divided  into  two  dwellings,  the  Lambs 
living  at  Xo.  20,  not  the  corner  house  No. 21 

-rated  by  Barry  Cornwall. 

\V.  A.  HUTCHIXSON. 

"To     OUTRUN     THE     CONSTABLE  "     (12     S. 

viii.  29,  58,  97,  117).— I  gave  the  reference 
iiay's   Proverbs   just   as   I   found   it   in 
^Hudibras,'    but    not    possessing    the    book 
\v<;,s    unable    to    check   the    reference.     The 
meaning  given'in  '  Hudibras  '  is  quite  clear, 
however,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  quotation  : 
Quoth  Hudibras,  friend  Ralph,  thou  hast 
Out-run  trie  -constable  at  last : 
For  thou  art  fallen  on  a  new 
Dispute,  as  senseless  as  untrue,  &c. 

W.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

BOOK  OF  COMMON  PRAYER  (12  S.  viii.  49, 

.'97). — It    may    interest     ST.     SWITHIN    (see 

i  second  reference)  to  know  that  there  is  no 

difficulty     in     obtaining     '  Three     Primers. ' 

'The   book   is   still   in   the   Clarendon   Press 

-Catalogue,  p.  62  ;,  the  price  5s. 

R,  W.  C. 

THE  GREEN  MAX,  ASHBOURNE  (12  S. 
•viii.  °9,  77,  113).— In  reply  to  G.  F.  R.  B.'s 
'inquiry,  The  Ashbourne  News  of  Jan.  28 

•  courteously  furnishes  me  with  the  following 
exhaustive  information  : — 

"...  .The  late  Rev.  Francis  Jourdain,  M.A., 
who  was  vicar  of  Ashbourne,  wrote  an  interesting 
;artide  on  '  Ashbourne  Signs  :  Ancient  and 
Modern,'  which  appeared  in  The  Ashbourne 

Annual  in  1898 The  Green  Man,  with  which 

is  110 \v  inrorpor.-itt'd  the  Black's  Head,  is  situated 
in  St.  John  Street,  Ashbourne.  There  are  various 
explanations  of  this  popular  representation — the 
sportsman  '  clad  in  cote  and  hode  of  grene,'  the 
wild  man  of  the  woods,  and  the  herbalist  distilling 
tis  medicines  from  herbs,  all  claim  to  have 
original  "d  th"  sign.  In  the  last  case  it  is  generally 
known  as  the  '  Green  .Man  and  Still.'  The  poet 
Crab  be  writes  : — 

But  1he  Green  Man  shall  I  pass  by  unsung, 
Wliich  mine  own  .lames  upon  his  sign-post  hung  ? 
His  sign,  his  image,  for  he  was  once  seen 

lire's  attendant,  clad  in  keeper's  green. 
Tli'-n   follows   th"    reierencfi   to   Bosweli's   visit    to 
tit-   hoslrlry,  arid  '.Mrs.   Killingley's  address.      The 
!• .  Joiirdain  also  wrote  : — 

'  Tli"    Black's  or  Black-a-M,oor's  Head,'  now 
d  with  1h<'  '(Jreen  .Man   Hot*-],'  was  former!  y 

paratc    and    very    important     est:ib!ishm'.-iit. 

•  It   stood    on    the    south    side    of   St.    John    Sired. 
and   oocnpi'-d   th"  range  of  houses  now  |  in    ISUs] 

ting  the  shops  of   .Messrs.    \Vitrky.   {  oole.   and 
Muiple.      'I1}!--    sig  i    itself    was    Die  "crest    of    tin- 


family,  of  which  the  Earl  of  Xewburgh 
was  the  titular  head.  In  past  days  it  was  known 
as  the  'Royal'  or  '  Holyoak's  Hotel,'  the  grand- 
father of  tne  present  Mr.  H.  D.  Holyoak  [since 
decvusc'd]  being  then  the  landlord.  It  was  the 
recognized  inn  for  visitations  of  the  clergy  and 
archdeacon's  courts,  in  iact  it  was  devoted  to 
all  great  functions.  The  assizes  for  the  county 
were  held  there  on  December  10,  1748.  The 
register  informs  us  that  in  the  year  1710  '  the 
performers  (who  had  assisted  in  tne  organ  opening) 
were  entertained  at  dinner  at  the  parish  charge 
(service  being  ended  about  two  o'clock),  and  at 
night  at  the  signe  of  the  Black-Moor's  Head  they 
made  a  line  consort  both  of  instrumentall  and 
vocall  musick,  and  so  concluded  the  musick  01 
ye  day.'  The  sign  may  be  that  of  a  Virginian 
in  the  time  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  as,  that 
distinguished  man  once  held  property  in  Ash- 
bourne, I  will  not  pronounce  against  his  claim  to 
be  represented  on  our  sign  boards.  I  add  some 
notes  from  the  register,  showing  the  antiquity 
of  the  house.  Baptized  March  4,  1712-3,  Jona*- 
than,  son  of  John  Mellor,  Black-Moor's  II*  ad. 
Buried  April  8,  1709,  Ralph  Woodward,  of  Black- 
Moor's  Head.  Baptized  Nov.  24,  1709,  John, 
son  of  John  Mellor,  and  Mary,  his  wife,  innkeeper, 
of  Black's  Head,  Ashbourne.  Baptized  August 
16,  1717,  James,  son  of  Mr.  John  Mellor,  of  the 
Black-Moor's  Head,  Ashbourne.  Not  only  were 
inquisitions  and  courts  held  here,  but  when  the 
French  nobility  and  clergy  were  driven  from 
France  at  the  end  of  tl:e  last  century,  permission 
was  granted  from  Quarter  Sessions  in  the  year 
1804,  for  the  Reverend  Paul  Roger,  an  emigre 
to  celebrate  divine  service  in  this  hostel  for  the 
benefit  of  his  iellow  countrymen." 

This  should  prove  of  interest  to  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  may  know  this  famous 
old  hostelry.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

At  the  last  reference  a  correspondent 
states  that  the  Green  Man,  as  the  sign  of  an 
inn,  originated  from  the  green  costume  of 
gamekeepers,  and,  further  back,  from  the 
green-clad  morris -dancers ;  and  another, 
that  the  sign  probably  represents  a  forester 
or  park-keeper.  None  of  these  interpreta- 
tions is  universally  correct.  Close  to  Port- 
land Road  Station  is  a  public-house  with  the 
legend  the  '  Green  Man  and  Still,'  which,  in 
this  instance  at  least,  if  not  in  the  others 
also,  undoubtedly  refers  to  the  herb- 
simpler  and  the  apparatus  in  which  he- 
distilled  his  waters  and  essences. 

(The  once  rural  character  of  this  district 
is  further  perpetuated  in  the  public-house 
in  Albany  Street,  bearing  the  sign  of  the 
«  Queen's  Head  and  Artichoke,'  on  the  site  of 
the  artichoke  gardens  which,  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  covered  the  ground  on  which, 
within  present  memory,  the  old  Coliseum, 
stood.  In  houses  opposite  to  the  '  Queen"*-; 
Head  and  Artichoke '  lived  Frank  Bucklaml 
and  Signer  Arditi.)  PERSICUS. 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vni.FEB.i9.i92i. 


LlDDELL      AND      SCOTT'S      GREEK-ENGLISH 

LEXICON  (12  S.  viii.  119). — Your  reference 
to  the  proposed  new  edition  of  this  monu- 
mental work,  together  with  letters  in  The 
Times  on  the  two  editors,  reminds  me  of 
an  amusing  incident  which  deserves  to  be 
known  to  a  wider  public  than  librarians  and 
bibliographers.  I  refer  to  the  story  told 
by  Mr.  Falconer  Maclan,  late  Bodley's 
Librarian,  in  his  Presidential  address,  in 
October,  1020,  before  a  meeting  of  the 
Bibliographical  Society. 

It  appears  that  in  the  year  1871  an 
Oxford  undergraduate,  who  was  preparing 
for  Classical  Moderations,  greatly  daring; 
began  to  test  the  accuracy  of  these  well- 
known  editors,  noting  down— at  first,  a  few 
misprints  ;  then,  by  the  end,  of  the  year 
turning  up  some  300  more,  and  in  the  next 
year  533,  and  so  on  !  His  friends  tried  hard 
to  dissuade  him  from  wasting  his  time  over 
these  wretched  little  lists  of  Errata,  when  he 
ought  to  have  been  working  for  Moderations  ; 
but,  110,  he  stuck  to  his  purpose.  Naturally, 
he  got  talked  about,  and  some  years  later 
there  was  a  scene  in  the  Deanery  of  Christ 
Church,  when  a  voice  about  seven  feet 
above  him  (Dean  Liddell  was  standing  on  a 
sort  of  bench  in  front  of  the  fire,  and  he 
sitting  in  a  very  low  chair)  offered  him  the 
editorship  of  the  Lexicon  !  Luckily  he 
remembered  in  time  those  old  lines  (query 
where  ?)  : — 

....  Condendaque  Lexica  mandat 
Damnatis — poenam  pro  poenis  omnibus  ttnam. 

Though  he  was  unable  to  accept  the  offer, 
yet  these  insignificant  and  discouraged  lists, 
did  lead  to  work  on  the  Lexicon  ! 

Query  :  one  would  like  to  know  the  year 
of  publication  of  the  various  editions  of  this 
fine  work  in  quarto  and  octavo.  The 
second  edition  appeared,  I  believe,  in  1843-5, 
and  the  eighth  in  1901.  J.  CLARE  HUDSON. 

Woodhall  Spa. 

BOOKS  ON  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  LIFE 
(12  S.  vii.  511  ;  viii.  79). — At  the  latter  refer- 
ence the  statement  is  made,  or  quoted,  that 
"a  book  called  'Chrysal  '  '  was  "written 
conjunctively  '  by  the  celebrated  John 
Wilkes  and  a  Mr.  Potter,  nephew  to  Dr. 
Potter,  Bishop  of  Gloucester."  Has  any 
evidence  been  produced  to  shew  that  the 
well  -  known  eighteenth  century  novel, 
'  Chrysal  or  the  Adventures  of  a  Guinea  ' 
was  not  the  work  of  Charles  Johnstone  ? 
There  has  never  been  a  Bishop  of  Gloucester 
of  the  name  of  Potter.  The  Mr.  Potter 


meant  we  may  presume  to  be  the  Arch- 
bishop  of  Canterbury's  second  son,  Thomas- 
Potter,  M.P.,  and  Paymaster-general,  an, 
intimate  associate  of  John  Wilkes,  whose 
morals  he  is  said  to  have  corrupted,  having,, 
apparently,  a  promising  pupil. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

OLD  SONG  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  111).— 
This  is  Praed's  '  I  remember,  I  remember/ 
in  four  eight -line  stanzas.  It  begins  : — 

I  remember — I  remember 

How  my  childhood  fleeted  by. 

The  part  to  which  Trcllope  particularly 
refers  is  in  the  final  stanza  : — 

I  was  merry — I  was  merry 

When  my  little  lovers  came, 
With  a  lily,  or  a  cherry, 

Or  a  new  invented  game. 

But  nowadays  Praed's  original  lines  are  less 
familiar  than  the  use  to  which  they  were  put 
by  a  later  Cambridge  classic. 

The   cat   in  Calverley's    '  Sad  Memories  * 
soliloquizes  thus  : — 
"  I   remember,    I   remember,"   how  one  night   I 

"  fleeted  by," 
And  gain'd  the  blessed  tiles  and  gazed  into  the- 

cold  clear  sky. 
"  I  remember,  I  remember,  how  my  little  lov< 

came  "  ; 

And   there,  beneath    the    crescent   moon,    play'd 
many  a  little  game. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

ROGER  MOMPESSON  (12  S.  viii.  111). — 
According  to  the  '  Return  of  Members  of 
Parliament,  1879,'  Roger  Mompesson, 
Recorder  of  Southampton  was  member 
for  that  place  in  the  Parliament  of  1698, 
being  elected  Dec.  27,  1699,  in  place  of  Sir 
Benjamin  Newland,  Knt.,  deceased.  He  also- 
served  in  the  next  Parliament  which  met 
Feb.  6,  1700-1,  and  was  dissolved  Nov,  11. 
1701.  JOHN  PATCHING. 

TOBACCO  :  "  BIRD'S  EYE  "  (12  S.  viii.  90). 
— The  leaves  of  this  tobacco  are  not  stripped 
of  its  mid-rib,  but  cut  up  intact  with  the 
central  stalk,  and  it  is  the  sections  of  these, 
supposed  to  resemble  birds'  eyes,  that  give 
it  the  name.  All  fine  honeydews  and  "  cuts  ' 
are  shaved  into  "flakes"  as  distinguished 
from  "stripping" — one  cut  through,  and 
the  other  stripped  in  lengths. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

This  is  so  called  because  of  the  little 
pupil-like  bits  which  result  from  the  ribs  of 
the  tobacco  leaves  being  manufactured  with 
the  fibres.  A  bird's-eye  pattern  in  drapery 
annotes  spots.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


128.  VIII.  FEB.  19, 1921.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


159 


SNUFF:  '-PRINCE'S  MIXTURE"  (12  S. 
viii.  69). — Xamed  after  the  Prince  of  Wales 
(George  IV.).  "Sir  Richard's  Mixture" 
was  named  after  Sir  Richard  Puleston  of 
Emral.  E.  E.  C. 

'The  Soverane  Herbe,'  by  W.  A.  Penn 
(Richards)  1901,  records  that  the  Regent, 
afterwards  George  IV.,  used  a  compound  of 
rappee  scented  with  attar  of  roses,  which  is 
still  sold  as  "Prince's  Mixture."  Another 
famous  mixture  of  the  same  period  was 
Taddy's  "37  ",  which  to  be  without  was  a 
sign  of  social  degeneration.  It  is  said  the 
numeral  used  arose  from  the  number  of 
[votes  accorded  at  a  meeting  where  the 
loaerits  of  various  snuffs  were  being  dis- 
fcussed.  A  majority  of  37  was  given  to 
Taddy's  and  a  few  for  other  makes. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

LONDON  COACHING  AND  CARRIERS'  INNS 
3N  1732(128.  viii.  61,  84, 102,  116). — "  Stop- 
port  "  is  undoubtedly  Stockport.  Until  a 
few  years  ago  no  Cheshireman  would  ever 
have  pronounced  the  name  in  any  other 
way.  "A  Stoppot  chaise  "  is  two  women 
riding  sideways  on  one  horse.  The  pillion 
was  called  a  "  Stopport  horse." 

JOSEPH  C.  BRIDGE. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  MR.  KENYON  for 
jointing  out  that  by  "Stopport,"  Stockport 
ind  not  Southport  was  indicated. 

MR.  KEN  vox's  note  has  put  me  in  mind 
)f  the  case  of  "  Eastborn  "  whose  carrier 
tarted  each  week  from  the  Greyhound  in 
Southwark  (ante,  p.  85).  As  in  the 
Memoirs  of  William  Hickey,'  1918,  ii.  82, 
Sastbourne  is  described  in  July,.  1776,  as 
'only  an  insignificant  fishing  town  con- 
sisting of  about  eight  or  ten  scattered 
louses,"  it  would  be  curious  to  know  what 
class  of  goods  were  carried  forty  years 
earlier.  One  suspects  "run  "  goods  largely, 
and  Hickey  makes  it  abundantly  clear  that 
;he  excellent  claret  he  and  his  friends  un- 
expectedly enjoyed  there  was  of  such  origin. 
J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


0n 

Hi*  Ti-mpi-fit  :  being  the  Firnt  Volume,  of  a  New 
Edition  of  th<  \V or  1^  of  Shakespeare.  Edited  for 
the  Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  University  Press, 
by  Sir  A.  Quiller-Couch,  and  J.  Dover  Wilson. 
(Cam bridge  University  Press,  7*.  6d.) 
k'E  are  the  debtors  of  those  who  summon  us  to 
?-read  *  The  Tempest '  and  feel  again  the  spell  of 
!ie  magic  story,  which  can  enthral  the  imagination 
.  a  child  and  provide  wise  men  with  material  for 


speculation  and  research.  It  is  memorable  that  at 
the  close  of  life  the  riches  of  experience  had  taught, 
its  writer  to  achieve  the  work  that  holds  most 
delicrht  for  simple  minds.  The  charm  that  it  can 
exercise  over  the  unlearned  makes  it  the  worthier 
theme  for  the  study  of  great  scholars,  and  the 
suggestion  of  apology  with  which  the  Cambridge 
Press  offers  its  new  edition  is  unnecessary. 

The  General  Introduction  from  the  pen  of  Sir 
A.  Quiller-Couch  applies  to  the  whole  series,  and 
contains  a  summary  of  the  evolution  of  criticism 
with  regard  to  Shakespeare — the  gradual  stages  by 
which  his  name,  from  being  merely  that  of  a  play- 
wright, came  to  represent  "a  book."  Only  as  a 
book  could  he  have  survived  the  Puritans,  but 
survival  did  not  imply  established  fame.  The 
name  of  Shakespeare  had  no  impressive  quality 
for  Pepys,  and  the  whole  record  shows  that  it  was 
the  stolid  assurance  of  the  Victorians  that  exalted 
him  to  his  present  pinnacle  ;  the  fulness  of 
appreciation  remaining  for  their  successors.  There 
is  a  valuable  article  on  the  textual  criticism 
of  the  plays  which  suggests  the  wide  field  for 
labour  that  lies  before  the  Shakespearean  student. 
With  this  basis  of  knowledge,  Folid  enough  to  give 
a  footing  to  independence,  the  Editors  frankly 
present  the  plays  in  book  form  for  the  modern 
English  reader,  as  distinguished  from  the 
Elizabethan  playgoer,  because,  as  they  explain, 
"  a  play-book  is  a  very  different  thing  from  a 
moving  audible  pageant."  As  a  result  certain 
unfamiliar  stage-directions  make  their  appearance, 
most  noticeable  (and  most  susceptible  of  criticism)- 
in  their  interpretation  of  Miranda's  manners  as  a 
listener  in  Act  I.  In  this,  however,  no  more 
license  is  claimed  than  a  play-goer  willingly 
accords  to  every  actor,  and  the  effect  throughout 
is  wholly  to  the  advantage  of  the  reader,  who  may 
now  pursue  his  way  unchecked  by  obscure 
passages  that,  in  the  past,  have  claimed  a  reference 
to  Notes. 

Few  readers  of  'The  Tempest,'  probably,  think 
of  it  as  a  play  at  all.  Some  will  regard  it  as  a  fairy 
story,  some  as  a  parable,  some  as  the  vehicle  of  its- 
author's  philosophy  of  life,  while  to  others  it  is 
merely  the  background  of  three  marvellous  symbolic 
figures.  (Strangest  among  its  attributes  perhaps  is 
its  power  to  hold  a  mind  like  that  of  Kenan  and  to- 
provoke  from  him  his  most  grotesque  experiment. 
By  showing  us  what  Caliban  and  Prospero  and 
Ariel  became  in  other  hands  he  pays  involuntary 
tribute  to  their  creator.)  There  is  possibility  of 
too  much  explanation  in  a  field  that  gives  scope  for 
many  theories  and  Sir  A.  Quiller-Couch  practises 
an  admirable  reserve  in  his  prefatory  pages.  He 
gives  little  space  to  the  question  (so  fascinating  to 
Shakespearean  scholars  in  the  nineteenth  century)' 
of  the  Sources  from  which  suggestion  for  the  play 
was  drawn.  Perhaps  indeed  in  his  resentment  at 
the  excessive  labouring  of  such  points  by  earlier  com- 
mentators he  errs  a  little  by  indifference.  Lovers 
of  'The  Tempest'  will  not  seriously  imagine  that 
it  owes  anything  to  'The  Fair  Sidea,'  yet  it  is 
interesting  to  know  that  the  English  'and  the 
German  dramatist  seized  at  the  same  time  on  the 
same  suggestion  of  a  plot.  And  if,  as  every  lover 
of  '  The  Tempest '  must,  we  seek  to  draw  a  little 
closer  to  the  mind  of  Shakespeare,  we  welcome 
evidence  as  to  his  choice  of  books.  We  are  the 
richer  because  *  The  Tempest '  shows  its  that  he  was 
a  careful  reader  of  Montaigne.  And  to  some  minds 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  10, 1921. 


•the  play  conveys  suggestion  of  greater  import.  Pro- 
fessor Conway  in  a  recent  volume  finds  many 
arguments  to  prove  that  Shakespeare,  at  the  date 

•when  he  wrote  '  The  Tempest,'  was  familiar  with 
the  Aeneid.  Investigation  of  such  theories  opens 
the  way  to  infinite  delight.  And,  after  all,  whatever 

•be  the  verdict  on  any  problem  that  we  'connect 
with  it,  the  play  itself,  'with  all  the  magic  in  its 
poetry  remains. 

The  Composition  of  the  Saxon,  Hundred  in  which 
Hull  and  Neighbourhood  were  situate  as  it  iva* 
in  it*  Original  Condition.  By  A.  B.  Wilson- 
Bark  worth.  (Hull,  Brown  &  Sons). 
'THIS  careful  monograph  deserves  the  attention  of 
all  students  of  the  Hundred,  and  also  of  all  those 
who  are  interested  in  the  antiquities  of  the  neigh- 
'  bourhood  of  Hull.  The  Hessle  division  of  the 
Hessle  Hundred  is  the  tract  studied.  Dr.  Wilson- 
Barkworth  has  been  for  some  time  occupied  in  dis- 
covering the  system  according  to  which  the  division 
•of  this  Hundred  was  laid  out.  Having  worked  with- 
out success  on  the  assumption  that  the  entries  in 
Domesday  Book  could  be  taken  as  representing  the 
original  condition  of  the  district  in  Saxon  times,  he 
has  now  convinced  himself  that  the  two  are  widely 
different.  In  his  opinion. the  Saxon  'Hundred  was 
a  complete  drainage  area,  whereas  the  Hessle 
Hundred  of  Domesday  Book  was  composed  of  groups 
of  drainage  districts.  This  view,  combined  with  a 
comparison  of  the  conditions  along  the  Humber 
•with  those  along  the  River  Hull,  which  has  brought 
out  sundry  other  points  of  importance,  has  furnished 
the  framework  of  the  study  before  us.  The. book, 
with  all  its  abundance  of  documents  and  detail, 
illustrates  also  most  satisfactorily  a  contention  of 
the  writer's  which  must  commend  itself  to  every 
competent  student,  especially  after  a  perusal  of 
These  pages — viz.,  that  a  true  solution  of  Domesday 
Book  can  only  be  arrived  at  through  a  full  know- 
edge  of  localities. 

After  a  chapter  on  the  composition  of  the 
Hundred,  Dr.  Wilson-Barkworth  gives  a  closely 
•  reasoned  statement  of  his  theory  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
methods  and  assessments  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  banks  of  the  Humber  and  the  River  Hull  There 
follow  discussions  of  the  laying  of  a  carucate  and  a 
ten-carucate  manor ;  and  of  the  Domesday  league 
and  quareritene.  The  four  following  chapters  deal 
in  detail  with  the  topographical  and  other  material 
relating  to  the  Hessle  division  —  which,  in  the 
author's  opinion,  give  evidence  of  the  local  govern- 
ment having  been  in  a  transitional  state  during  the 
later  years  of  the  Saxon  period. 

Among  interesting  general  remarks  may  be  noted 
the  reasons  given  tor  thinking  the  Conqueror's 
devastation  of  Yorkshire  to  have  been  largely 
exaggerated.  They  are  drawn  from  the  Domesday 
compilations  of  1086.  which  seem  to  shew  that  the 
destruction  fell  on  sheep-farms  rather  than  on 
arable  land.  Dr.  Wilson-Barkworth  takes  the 
"  berewick"  to  be  a  sheep  farm  and  to  have  been 
so  called  from  the  barley  grown  upon  it. 
The  English  Element  in  Italian  Family  Names.  By 
Signor  Cesare  Poma.  (Hertford,  Stephen  Austin.) 
THIS  short  brochure,  published  in  the  Philological 
Society's  Transactions,  was  read  at  a  meeting  of 
that  Society  two  years  ago.  The  subject  turns  out 
to  be  narrowly  limited,  but  none  the  less  possesses 
interest.  After  a  little  play  with  witty  suggestions, 
as  that  Gromo,  the  Counts  of  Ternengo,may  derive 


their  name  from  "groom,"  a  word  brought  in  by 
the  English  archers  serving  at  Vercelli,  and  that 
something  may  be  made  between  Crollalanza  in 
Italy  and  ^Shakespeare  in  England,  and  identifying, 
as  monumental  inscriptions  certify,  Aguto  and 
Hawkwood,  Offamiiio  and  "of  the  Mill,"  Signor 
Poma  goes  on  to  show  that  what  English  element 
there  is  in  Italian  surnames  comes  almost, exclu- 
sively from  varieties  of  the  word  Anglius  Inglese, 
which  denotes  Englishman.  Scotns  has  similarly 
furnished  a  few  surnames.  Our  author  discusses 
some  family  names  derived  from  the  Arthurian 
cycle,  and  concludes  with  the  words  of  a  popular 
Piedmontese  song  called  '  Moran  d'Inghilterra.' 

Bulletin  of  the  John  Rylands  Library,  Manchester. 

Vol.      6.     Nos.      1-2.     January.     (Manchester 

University  Press.     4s.) 

IN  these  days  of  the  dwindling  shillings-worth 
it  is  astonishing  to  find  that  this  Bulletin  of  well 
over  200  beautimlly  printed  pages  and  containing 
brilliant  work  of  permanent  interest  may  br 
still  had  for  four  shillings.  The  Librarian  gives 
a  thorough-going  and  most  satisfactory  account 
of  the  Library  ;  we  have  Professor  Tout's  notable 
article  on  the  captivity  and  death  of  Edward  II. 
which  has  already  appeared  separately  and  beei 
noticed  in  our  columns — and  a  stxidy  or  receni 
tendencies  in  European  Poetry  by  Dr.  Herforc 
which  goes  well  to  the  heart  of  the  subjec 
Dr.  Grenfell  writes  on  Papyrology,  its  presenl 
position  and  the  inspiriting  mass  of  work  yet 
be  done.  "It  is  very  unsatisfactory  "  he  say; 
"  that  we  are  still  quite  ignorant  of  the  natra 
of  so  many  of  our  unpublished  finds."  Dr. 
Rendel  Harris  contributes  an  important  paper  o: 
Celsus  and  Aristldes  ;  and  Dr.  Mingana  disc 
recent  criticism  of  the  Odes  of  Solomon. 


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SOME  OF  MY  EXPERIENCES  IN  THE  GREAT  WAR.  By 

E.  Ashmead-Bartlett  .  - 

LIFE  &  LETTERS  OF  MAGGIE  BENSON.    By  Arthur  C. 

Benson 

CHARLES  BOOTH :  A  Memoir          

A  WESTMINSTER   PILGRIM.      By  Sir   Frederick   Bridge 
MID- VICTORIAN  MEMORIES.  By  Matilda  Betham- Edwards 

THE  MEMORIAL  BIOGRAPHY  OF  DR.  W.  G.  jGRACE. 

Edited  by  Lord  Hawke,  Lord  Harris  and  Sir  Home 
Gordon,  Bt. 

LIFE  &  LETTERS  OF  GEORGE  A.  LEFROY,  D.D..  Bishop 

Of  Calcutta.     By  H.  H.  Montgomery,  D.D.,  D.Ch. 

FATHER  MATURIN:   A  Memoir  with  Selected  Letters. 

By  Maisie  Ward 

LIBERAL  JUDAISM  &  HELLENISM :  and  Other  Essays. 

By  C.  G.  Montefiore 

THE  BENCH  AND  BAR  OF  ENGLAND.    By  J.  H.  Strahan 
VOLTAIRE  IN  HIS  LETTERS.    A  Selection  from  his 

Correspondence.     Translated  by  S.  G.  Tallentyre  •  • 

GUILDHALL  MEMORIES.    By  A.  G.  Temple,  F.S.A.    . . 
THE  LIFE  OF  ST.  FRANCIS  XAVIER-EVANGELIST, 

EXPLORER,  MYSTIC.      By  Edith  Anne  Stewart  .  . 
LITERARY  STUDIES.     By  Charles  Whibley      .. 

DIARIES   OF    LEO   TOLSTOY:     YOUTH,    1817-1852. 

Translated  by  C.  J.  Hogarth  and  A.  Sirnis 

MY  REMEMBRANCES.    By  Edward  H.  Sothern 


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12  a. vin.  FEB.  20, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


161 


LONDON,  FEBRUARY  <?/;,  1921. 


CONTENTS.  —No.   loO. 

3IOTES  :— Loss  of  Her  Majesty*  Steamer  Birkenhead,  161— 
Aldeburgh  :  Extracts  from  Chamber!  tins'  Account-Book, 
1625-1649,  163 — Nathaniel  Field's  Vv  ork  in  the  "Beaumont 
and  Fletcher"  Pliys,  164— Harborne  or  Harbron  Family, 
167. 

•QUERIES: —Benjamin  Choyce  Sowden  (or  Sowdon;, 
"  Eminent  English  Poet "— Syriac  MS.  :  Life  and  Passion 
of  Our  Lord— An  Elizabethan  Shoe  Horn :  Jane  Ayres, 
168— Prince  Rupert's  Fort,  Cork  Harbour— Richard  III.— 
Original  Portraits  of  John  Howard,  the  Philanthropist- 
Edward  Snitpe— "  H.  K.,"  Member  for  Maldon,  169— The 
Mannequin  or  Dressmaker's  Doll— Tavern  Signs -Sheffield 
Plate:  Matthew  Boultou— Army  Badges— Ranelagu  in 
Paris— Mrs.  Susanna  Gordon,  170— Fieldson  Family— Sir 
Simon  Le  Blanc — "Perfide  Albion  " — Scottish  Emigrants 
after  Culloden— Old  Anglo-Indian  Songs,  171. 

REPLIES  :— John  Thornton  of  Coventry,  and  the  Great 
East  Window  of  York  Minster,  171— Tercentenary  Hand, 
list  of  Newspapers,  173— Royal  British  Bank— Sir  Robert 
Bell  of  Beaupre,  175 — "  Such  as  make  no  Musick  " — The 
Green  Man,  Ashbourne— The  Honourable  Mr.— A  Wake 
Game — Capt.  Cook ,  Memorials,  176  —  The  Old  Horse 
•Guarcio  Buildings — Scott's  '  Legend  of  Montrose  ' — The 
Sentry  at  Pompeii,  177— Cardinal  de  Rohan  Chabot— 
Askell— •'  Franckinsence,"  178— Cowper  :  Pronunciation 
of  Name  —  Author  Wanted  —  Author  of  Quotation 
Wanted.  179. 

tNOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Manor  of  Hawkesbury  and  its 
Owners'  —  '  Charles  Lamb  :  Miscellaneous  Essays'  — 
'French  Furniture  under  Louis  XVI.  and  the  Empire.' 

.Notices  to  Correspondents. 


LOSS   OF   HER   MAJESTY'S   STEAMER 
BIRKEXHEAD. 

As  Feb.  26  will  be  the  sixty-ninth  anni- 
versary of  the  wreck  of  the  Birkenhead,  the 
subjoined  official  report,  taken  from  The 
Colonist,  dated  at  Graham's  Town,  Mar.  20, 
1852,  will  furnish  fresh  particulars  of  that 
disaster,  and  refresh  the  memory  as  to  the 
regiments  which  suffered  loss  thereby,  and 
the  names  of  their  officers.  After  striking 
the  ground,  she  filled  and  went  down  in 
•twenty  minutes. 

Simon's  Bay,  1st  March,  1852. 
SIR. 

It  is  with  the  feelings  of  the  deepest  regret  that 
'I  have  to  announce  to  you  the  loss  of  Her  Majesty's 
ISteamer  "Birkenhead,"  which  took  place  on  a  rock 
•about  "21  or  3  miles  off  Point  Danger,  at  2  a.m.,  26th 
February. 


The  sea  was  smooth  at  the  time,  and  the  vessel 
was  steaming  at  the  rate  of  8J  knots  an  hour.  She 
struck  the  rock,  and  it  penetrated  through  her 
bottom,  just  aft  the  foremast.  The  rush  of  water 
was  so  great  that  there  is  no  doubt  that  most  of  the 
men  in  the  lower  troop  deck  \vere  drowned  in  their 
hammocks.  The  i  est  of  the  men  and  all  the  officers 
appeared  on  deck,  when  Major  Seton  called  all  the 
officers  about  him,  and  impressed  on  them  the 
necessity  of  preserving  order  and  silence  amongst 
the  men.  He  directed  me  to  take,  and  have  executed, 
whatever  orders  the  Commander  might  give  me.  60 
men  were  immediately  put  on  to  the  chain  pumps 
on  the  lower  after  deck,  and  told  off  in  three  reliefs. 
60  men  were  put  on  the  tackles  of  the  paddle-box 
boats  ;  and  the  remainder  of  the  men  were  brought 
on  to  the  poop,  f-o  as  to  ease  the  forepart  of  the  ship. 
She  was  at  this  time  rolling  heavily.  The  Com- 
mander ordered  the  horses  [about  26j  to  be  pitched 
out  of  the  port  gang  way,  and  the  cutter  to  be  got 
ready  for  the  women  and  children,  who  had  all  been 
collected  under  the  poop  awning.  As  soon  as  the 
horses  were  got  over  the  side,  the  women  and 
children  were  passed  into  the  cutter,  and  under 
charge  of  Mr.  Richards,  Master's  Assistant,  the  boat 
then  stood  off  about  150  yards.  Just  after  they  got 
out  of  the  ship  the  entire  bow  broke  off  at  the  fore- 
mast, the  bow-sprit  going  up  in  the  air  towards  the 
fore-top  mast,  and  the  funnel  went  over  the  side, 
carrying  away  the  starboard  paddle-box  and  boat. 
The  other  paddle-box  boat  capsized  when  being 
lowered.  The  large  boat  in  the  centre  of  the  ship 
could  not  be  got  at. 

It  was  about  12  or  15  minutes  after  she  struck 
that  the  bowr  broke  off.  The  men  then  all  went  up 
on  the  poop,  and  in  about  5  minutes  more  the 
vessel  broke  in  two,  crosswise,  just  abaft  the 
engine  room,  and  the  stern  part  immediately  filled 
and  went  down.  A  few  men  jumped  off  just  before 
she  did  so,  but  the  greater  number  remained  to  the 
last,  and  so  did  every  officer  belonging  to  the 
troops.  All  the  men  I  put  on  the  tackles,  I  fear, 
were  crushed  when  the  funnel  fell ;  and  the  men 
and  officers  below  at  the  pumps  could  not,  I  think, 
have  reached  the  deck  before  the  vessel  broke  up 
and  went  down. 

The  survivors  clung,  some  to  the  rigging  of  the 
mainmast,  part  of  which  was  out  of  the  water : 
and  the  others  got  hold  of  floting  pieces  of  wood. 
I  think  there  must  have  been  about  200  en  the  drift- 
wood. I  was  on  a  large  piece  along  with  5  others 
and  we  picked  up  9  or  10  more. 

The  swell  carried  the  wood  in  the  direction  of 
Point  Danger.  'As  soon  as  it  got  to  the  weeds  and 
breakers,  finding  that  it  would  not  support  all  that 
were  on  it,  I  jumped  off  and  swam  on  shore  :  and 
when  the  others,  and  also  those  that  were  on  the 
other  pieces  of  wood,  reached  the  shore,  we  pro- 
ceeded into  the  country,  to  try  to  find  a  habitation 
of  any  sort,  where  we  could  obtain  shelter.  Many 
of  the  men  were  naked  and  almost  without  shoes. 
Owing  to  the  country  covered  with*  thick  thorny 
bushes,  our  progress  was  slow,  but  after  walking 
till  about  3  p.m.,  having  reached  land  about  12, 
we  came  to  where  a  wagon  was  out-spanned 
and  the  driver  of  it  directed  us  to  a  small  bay, 
where  there  is  a  hut  of  a  fisherman.  The  bay  is 
called  Stanford's  Cove. 

We  arrived  there  about  sunset,  and  as  the  men 
had  nothing  to  eat,  I  went  on  to  a  farm-house, 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  20, 1921. 


about  8  or  9  miles  from  the  Cove,  and  sent  back 
provisions  for  that  day.  The  next  morning  I  sent 
another  day's  provisions,  and  the  men  were  removed 
up  to  a  farm  of  Capt.  Smales'  about  12  or  14  miles 
up  the  country.  Lt.  Girardot,  of  the  43rd  and 
Cornet  Bond,  of  the  12trr  Lancers,  accompanied 
this  party,  which  amounted  to  68  men,  including 
18  sailors.  I  then  went  down  to  the  coast,  and 
during1  Friday,  Saturday  and  Sunday,  1  examined 
trie  rocks  for  more  than  20  miles,  in  the  hope  of 
finding  some  men  might  have  drifted  in.  I  fortu- 
nately fell  in  with  the  crew  of  a  whale-boat  that  is 
employed  sealing  on  Dyer's  Island.  I  got  them  to 
take  the  boat  outside  the  sea-weed,  whilst  I  went 
along  the  shore.  The  sea-weed  on  the  coast  is  very 
chick,  and  of  immense  length,  so  that  it  could  have 
caught  some  of  the  drift  wood.  Happily,  the  boat 
picked  up  two  men,  and  I  also  found  two.  Al- 
though they  were  all  much  exhausted,  two  of  them 
having  been  in  the  water  38  hours,  they  were  all 
right  next  day,  except  a  few  bruises.  it  was 
86  hours,  on  {Sunday  afternoon  when  I  left  the 
coast,  since  the  wreck  had  taken  place ;  and  as  I 
had  carefully  examined  every  part  of  the  rocks, 
and  also  sent  the  whale  boat  over  to  Dyer's  Island, 
I  can  safely  assert  that  when  I  left  there  was  not  a 
living  soul  on  the  coast  of  those  that  had  been  on 
board  the  ill-fated  Birkenhead. 

On  Saturday  I  met  Mr.  Mackay  the  Civil 
Commissioner  of  Caledon,  and  also  Field  Cornet 
Villiers.  The  former  told  me  that  he  had  ordered 
the  men  who  had  been  at  Capt.  Smales',  to  be 
clothed  by  him,  he  having  a  store  at  his  farm. 
40  soldiers  received  clothing  there.  Mr.  Mackay, 
the  field  cornet,  and  myself,  accompanied  by 
a  party  of  men  brought  down  by  Mr.  Villiers, 
went  along  the  coast,  as  far  as  the  point  that  runs 
out  to  Dyer's  Island,  and  all  the  bodies  that  were 
met  with  were  interred.  There  were  not  many, 
however,  and  I  regret  to  say  it  could  easily  be 
accounted  for.  Five  of  the  horses  got  to  shore, 
and  were  caught  and  brought  to  me.  One  belonged 
to  myself,  one  to  Mr.  Bond,  of  the  12th  Lancers, 
and  the  other  three  to  Major  Seaton  of  the  74th, 
Dr.  Laing,  and  Lt.  Booth  of  the  73rd.  I  handed 
the  horses  over  to  Mr.  Mackay,  and  he  is  to  send 
them  on  to  me  here,  so  that  they  may  be  sold,  and 
that  I  may  account  for  the  proceeds. 

On  the'  28th  of  February,  Her  Majesty's  ship 
Rhadamanthus  was  seen  off  Sandford's  Cove ;  so  I 
went  down  there,  and  found  Capt.  Bunce,  the 
Commander  of  the  Castor  frigate,  had  landed,  and 
gone  up  to  Captain  Smales,  to  order  the  men  down 
to  the  Cove,  so  as  to  embark  in  the  steamer  to  be 
conveyed  to  Simon's  Bay.  On  Sunday,  when  I  was 
down  on  the  Coast,  the  field-cornet  told  me  that 
at  a  part  where  he  and  his  men  had  been,  a  few 
bodies  were  washed  up  and  buried  ;  also  a  few 
boxes,  which  were  broken  in  pieces,  and  the 
contents  strewed  about  the  rocks.  I  then  ceased 
to  hope  that  any  more  were  living,  and  came  down 
to  the  Cove  to  join  the  other  men.  We  arrived 
there  at  about  6  p.m. 

The  order  and  regularity  that  prevailed  on 
board,  from  the  time  the  ship  struck  till  she 
totally  disappeared,  far  exceeded  anything  that  I 
thought  could  be  effected  by  the  best  discipline; 
and  it  is  the  more  to  be  wondered  at,  seeing  that 
most  of  the  soldiers  were  but  a  short  time  in  the 
service.  Everyone  did  as  he  was  directed,  and 


there  was  not  a  cry  among  them,  until  the  vessel, 
made  her  final  plunge.  I  could  not,  name  any 
individual  officer  who  did  more  than  another.  All 
received  their  orders  and  had  them  carried  out,  as 
if  the  men  were  embarking  instead  of  going  to  the 
bottom  ;  there  was  only  this  difference,  that  I  never 
saw  any  embarkation  conducted  with  so  little  nois6 
or  confusion. 

I  enclose  a  list  of  those  embarked,  distinguishing: 
those  saved.  I  think  it  is  correct,  except  one  man 
of  the  91st,  whose  name  I  cannot  find  out.  The 
only  means  I  had  of  ascertaining  the  names  of  the 
men  of  the  different  drafts,  was  by  getting  them 
from  their  comrades,  who  are  saved.  You  will  see 
by  the  list  enclosed,  that  the  loss  amounts  to  9 
officers  and  349  men,  -besides  those  of  the  crew  ; 
the  total  number  embarked  being  J5  officers,  and 
476  men  (one  officer  and  18  men  were  disembarked 
in  Simon's  Bay). 

I  am  happy  to  say  that  all  the  women  and  chil- 
dren [7  women  and  13  children]  were  put  safely  on 
board  a  schooner,  that  was  about. 7  miles  off'  when/ 
the  steamer  was  wrecked.  This  vessel  returned  to 
the  wreck  at  about  3  p.m.,  and  took  off  40  or  50  men 
that  were  clinging  to  the  rigging,  and  then  pro- 
ceeded to  Simon's  Bay.  One  of  the  ship's  boats, 
with  the  assistant  surgeon  of  the  vessel  and  eight 
men,  went  off  and  landed  about  15  miles  from  the 
wreck.  Had  the  boat  remained  about  the  wreck, 
or  returned  after  landing  the  assistant  surgeon  on 
Danger  Point,  about  which  there  was  no  difficulty, 
I  air,  quite  confident  that  nearly  every  man  of  the 
200  on  the  drift  wood  might  have  been  picked  ur> 
here  and  tjiere  among  the  weeds,  and  landed  as 
soon  as  eight  or  nine  were  got  into  the  boat.* 
Where  most  of  the  drift  wood  stuck  in  the 
weeds,  the  distance  to  the  shore  was  not  more 
than  400  yards ;  and  as  by  taking  a  somewhat 
serpentine  course,  I  managed  to  swim  in,  with- 
out getting  foul  of  the  rock,  or  being  tumbled 
over  by  a  breaker,  there  is  no  doubt  the  boat  might 
have  done  so  also. 

One  fact  I  cannot  omit  mentioning.  When  the 
vessel  was  just  about  going  down  the  Commander 
called  out,  "All  those  that  can  swim,  jump  over- 
board, and  make  for  the  boats."  Lieu t.Giradot  and 
myself  were  standing  on  the  stern  part  of  the  poop. 
We  begged  the  men  not  to  do  as  the  Commander 
said,  as  the  boat  with  the  women  must  be  swamped. 
Not  more  than  three  made  the  attempt. 

On  Sunday  evening,  at  6  p.m.,  all  the  men 
at  Captain  Smales',  and  the  four  I  had  myself  on 
the  coast  were  embarked  in  boats  and  taken 
on  board  the  Rhadamanthus,  and  we  arrived  in 
Simon's  Bay  at  3  a.m.  on  Monday  1st  March. 
18  of  the  men  are  bruized  and  burnt  by  the  sun, 
and  the  Commodore  has  ordered  them  into  the 
Naval  Hospital.  The  rest  are  all  right;  and  70 


*  Jn  justice  to  Ass*-Surgeon  Culhane  it  ought  to 
be  stated  that  there  is  a  letter  from  him  in  which 
he  denies  having  left  the  wreck  in  the  gig.  On  the 
contrary  he  was  the  last  to  leave  the  ship,  and  at 
length  succeeded  in  swimming  to  the  boats,  which 
were  then  a  mile  from  the  wreck.  That  24  hrs 
later  they  landed  at  Port  D'Urban  at  least  30 
miles  from  the  wreck — later  rode  100  miles  through 
strange  country  to  Cape  Town,  and  then  proceeded 
to  Simon's  Bay  to  report  the  disaster. 


12  s.  vin. FEB. 26, 1021.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


require   to   be   clothed :  I  need  scarcely  say  that 
everything  belonging  to  them  was  lost. 
I  have  <fcc.. 

EDWARD  W.  C.  WRICHT, 

Capt.  91st  Regt. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Ingleby.  R.A., 

Commandant  of  Cape  Town. 

P.S. — I  must  not  omit  to  mention  the  extreme 
kindness  and  attention  shown  by  Capt.  S.  males  to 
the  men  at  his  house  ;  and  by  Capt.  Ramsden.  of 
the  schr.  Lionels,  and  his  wife,  to  those  taken  on 
board  his  vessel.  E.  W.  C.  W. 

List  of  Drafts  on  board,  and  names  of 
officers  drowned  : — 

Draft,  2nd  or  Queen's  Regt.,  Ensign  Bo  viand 
„       6th  Royal  Regt.,  Ensign  Medford. 
,,       12th  Lancers. 

60th  Rifles. 
„       12th  Regt. 
„       43rd  Light  Infantry. 
„       45th  Regt. 
„       73rd  Regt.,  Lieut.   G.   \V.   Robinson, 

Lieut.  A.  H.  Booth, 

„       74th  Highlanders,  Major  Set-on,  En- 
sign Russell. 
„      91st  Regt.         E.  H.  FAIRBROTHER. 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 

UNFORTUNATELY,  the  Chamberlains'  Ac- 
counts are  missing  for  the  last  twelve  years 
of  Elizabeth's  reign,  and  only  a  few  pages 
for  those  of  James  I.  have  been  found,  but 
it  is  hoped  that  more  may  exist  amongst 
the  unsorted  papers  in  the  Mcot  Hall. 

The  Accounts  for  the  whole  of  the  reign 
of  Charles  I.  are  beautifully  written  and 
kept,  but  the  book  itself  is  in  a  very  dilapi- 
dated condition. 

There  are  a  great  number  of  proclama- 
tions, as  might  be  expected,  in  this  reign, 
and  in  consequence  frequent  repairs  to  the 
"drum  "  are  entered.  Several  entries  occur 
referring  to  Irish  travellers. 

1624.         10    PAYMENTS.     25 
Inprimis  payd  for  Proclamcons          . .      00  03  00 
I  tin  to  the  Sgeants  att  xxmas  1624  for  ther 

wages  .  .  .  .  . .  . .  . .      01  05  00 

I  tin  to  Mr  Thomson  town  clerk  then  for  his 

quarters  wages  .  .  .  .  .  .      03  00  00 

Itm  to  Banton  the  Pen  Eeve  then  for  his  qs  • 

Wai:-  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .       00   04   00 

Itm  to  Thomas  Incont  for  ii  pierses .  .  00  00  04 
Itm  for  aC  billett  into  the  towne  hall  00  01  04 
Itm  to  Dowc  the  Smyth  for  work  att  the 

north  mill  Jan.  3.  1(>2\        ..  ..      00  07  03 

Itm  to  }p    Osborno   the  8  of '  Jan.   1624  for 

nuivm-d  soldiers  ..  ..  ..       00   06  08 

Itm    to    Mr    Oldringe    for    pfume    oyle    and 

Franckeiiseiice  for  the  Churche     .        00  01    06 


Itm  for  makinge  3  newe  market t  Stalls  and 

mending  1 01   04  06 

Itm.  to  wilim  Bardwell  ii  daies  att  the  Chamb- 

lins  accompt  .  .  . .  .  .  . .      00  04  0&- 

Itm  for  Comunyon  wyne  and  bread  a  Christ- 
mas     .  .  »,.        "  .  .  .  .  .  .      00   0-5  00 

Itm  for  settingo  the  stones  in  the  mkctt  whon 

the  stalls  were  st-tt  up          .  .  .  .      00  00  08 

Itm   to   page   for   a  load    of   thatch   for   the 

butchers  stalls  . .  .  .  .  .      00  05  Off 

Itm  to  Beales  the  mason  for  work  about  the 

Church  . .  . .  . .  ..      00  01   OP 

1624. 
Itm  paid  to  Page  January  28  for  a  load  of 

Thatche  ..  ..  ..  ..       00  0-5  00 

Itm   to    Goldinge   for   trymge   the   Javl" 

lock '         .  .  .  .  "   00  00  04 

Itm  to  him  for  a  staple  . .  . .      00  00  04 

Itm  to  him  for  Orlop  nayles  for  the  butchers 

stalls 00  00  06 

Itm  to  him  for  parkers  bucketts  hoopes     00  01   02 
Itm   to   newson   the   thatcher   for   layinge   3 

loads     of     tnatcte     on     the     Butchers 

stalls 00  12  00 

Itm  for  lath  and  nayles  .  .  . .      00  00  04 

Itm  for  pclamacons  28  Jan.   .  .  . .      00  04   06 

Itm  to  Page  for  half  a  load  of  thatche     00  02  06 
Itm  the  29  of  Jan.  1624  paid  Mr  Bences  gnift 

to  the  poore  .  .  . .  .  .  .  .      02  00  00 

Item    to    Arthure  Blowers  for  mending  the 

Comunion  Cupp         00  07  06 

Item  to  John  Orvis  the  Sexton  Febr.  3.  1624 

for    his    quarters    wages    for    ringing    the 

Bell      . .          . .          01  02  00 

Item  to  the  Princes  players    . .  . .      00  08  00 

Itm    to    Leon    Reynolds    for    glassing    the 

Church  . .    "      . .  . .  , .      00  OS  06 

Itm  for  a  lock  for  Scruttons  howse    . .      00  02  00 
Itm  for  a  hingell  for  his  gate. .  .  .      00  00  03 

Item    for    two  barres    for  the  Churche  win- 

dowes  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      00  01   06 

Itm  for  naylinge   the  town  howse  wtndowe 

00  00  06 
Itm  to  Beale  for  mason   work  att  the 

Churche  00  03  00 

Itm  to  a  poore  minister  .  .  . .      00  02  00 

Itm  to  goodman  Boone  for  diet  and  lodginge 

for  Mr  Choner  the  Minister.  .  .  .      00  09  06 

Itm  to    John  lowday  for    Carying  away  old 

thatch  in  the  mkett  . .  . .    *  00  00  OS 

Itm  for  dyed  and  wyne  for  Mr  dades  man 

when    he    came     to     take    bond    for    the 

shippinge          .  .  .  .  . .  .  .      00  00  06 

Itm  to  Newson  the  Thatcher  for  layinge  half     Ir^} 

a    load    of    thatch    on    the    Butchers  £ , 

stalls 00  03  00 

Itm  to  John  Catmer  the  younger  for  Repaeoias 

of  the  how.so  he  dwells  inn.  .  .  .      00  09  01 

Itm  to  Mr  Baliff  mshall  for  pclam  laide  out 

by  him  00  02  00 

Itm    to   John    Parker    for    reparons  of    the 

howse      . .  . .  . .  . .  00  19  60 

Itm  to  Thomas  Clark  upon  an  accompt  since 

he  was  Chamb.rlyii  ..  ..      00  06   00 

Itm  for  wyiH>  att  meetinge  atBaldwyns     00  02  06 
Itm   paid   to   the   watchmen   att   the   Fayre 

mche   . .          . .  . .  .  .  . .       00  04  00 

Itm  to  Willm  Bardwell  fcr  wyne  and  died  att 

the  asse.ssingo  the  subsidye  jkarch  3      01   05  00 
Itm  to  him  for  Comunion   wyne         . .      00  03  00 
Itm  to  Thomas  Cook*-  for  p'ailes  and  nayling 
them  up  in  Francis  Scrattons  yard    ' 00  01     9 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  * 


0. 1021. 


;!tm  more  for  trymiuge  the  frame  of  the  great 

Bell 00  00 

:3tm  for  ii  streets  . .  . .  .  .      00  00  I 

Itm  to  the  plunier  for  souldring  of  the  lead 

on  the  steeple  and  for  his  stuff       .  .      00  18  0 
Jtm  to  Willm  Bardwell  Murche  23  for  \v\ne 
and  dyed  when  the  Comisshroner  was  in 
towne  .  .          . .  . .  .  .      00  15  OC 

TI<tm    to    him.    for    Comunion    wyne    Marche 

20         00  07  0 

1625. 

iiltm  to  Thomas  farent  for  his  qr  wage  att  or 
ladye  1625      ..          ..  ..  ."".      00  12  06 

2l<fcm  for  payles  and  nayles  for  the  marshe  and 
doing   . .  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  00  06 

Itm  to  Robt  Felgate  for  repacons  about  the 

north  mill  as  appeares  by  his  bill  . .      00  04     6 

..Itm  given  to  poore  Irishe  people        .  .      00  01   OC 

JEtm   to    Richard   lilborne    for   his    qr   wages 

men  1625        . .  . .  . .  . .      00  12  06 

Itm  to  Mr.  Thompson  for  his  qr  wags  then 
due       . .  . .          . .  . .  . .      03  00  00 

'Itm  paid  to  Mr  Jell  for  keepinge  of  the 
Register  two  yeares  viz  1623  and 

1624 00  10  00 

!Itm  to  Mr  Meene  Sr  William  wicherpolls 
Baliff  for  the  rent  of  the  Ferry  30  March 

1625     . .          . .      00  10  00 

Itm  to  Nicholas  Revett  esquire  Recorder  of 
'    this  towne  for  l>is  yeares  allowance     05  00  00 
;  Itm  to  wm  Bardwell  for  dyett  and  wine  and 
horse-meate    the    same    day    the    sd    Mr 
Revett  was  in  towne  . .  . .      00  15  00 

JEtm  to   willm  Bardwell  for   wine   and   bere 

when  Mr  Deeks  was  in  towne         . .      00  05  BO 
;Itm  to  him  for  Comunion  wyne  Aprill  3     00  04  08 
Itm  to  Richard  Footye  a  skynne  of  pchm*  for 
the  drum  when  King  Charles  was  pclavmed 

Kinge  ' 00  02  06 

Itm  to  Mr  Balut  Cheney  for  pclamacons     00  02  00 
.Itm  to  the  Constables  for  caryinge  a  prisoner 

to  melton . .      00  02  00 

Itm  gcven  to  a  poore  woman . .  . .      00  02  00 

Itm   to    Thomas    Incent   for    his   jorney   to 

Mr  Revett 00  02  00 

.Itm  to  John  Daniell  and  John  Coo  for  worke 
about  theChurche  yard  and  for  tymber  and 
nayles  Aprill  16  ;  , .  . .  ..-.  00  14  00 

'Jtrn  to  Mr  Oldringe  for  pfume  Candle  Aprill 

18          00  01  06 

Itm  to  Robt  Baldwyn  for  Comunion  wyne 
for  2  daies  Aprill  26  . .  . .      01  03  00 

i  Itm  to  Thomas  Andre wes  the  same  day  for 
mending  the  tyles  on  the  goose  hoose  viz 
newe  tyles  and  other  stuff  .  .  .  .      00  10  00 

Tltm    to    John    Lowday  for  Caryinge   a  wave 
the  br  )ken  tiles  .  .          .  .  .  .      00  00  09 

Itm  to  the  Constables  for  Composicen  money 
for  the  Towne  Marshe          . .  . .      00  05  00 

Itm  to  him  for  a  barrell  of  bere  geven  to 
hefferinym      . .  . .  . .  . .      00  06  00 

;  Itm  to  John  hulloeke  for  Caryage  of  lead  from 
slaughting  to  the  Churche  . .  . .      00  01  00 

lltm   geven   to    the   sgeants   for   help   up   of 

it  00  00  01 

Itm    bestowed    of    them    in    bere    that 

tyme    .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      00  00  01 

.  Jtm  to  mr  John  Bence  April  29  for  lead  of 
drum  and  case  and  for  other  charges  as 

appeares  by  his  bill 09  01  08 

_(Ttm  to  Mr  Balift  Cheney  woh  he  laid  out  for 

sending  a  woman  out  of  the   towne     06  02  00 


Itm  to  Mr  Osborne  for  the  mayned  soldiers 
Aprill  29          . .  . .  . .          .>      00  06  OS 

Itm  to  Mr  Thomson  Aprill  29  for  money  he 
laid  out  for  the  towne          .  .  ..00  04  00 

Item  to  4  for  worke  in  the  Marshe   . .      00  00  60' 
Itm  to  John  Or  vis  for  his  quarters  wages  due 
att  Maye          ..  . .  ..  ..      00  14  00 

Itm  to  Francis  Chapman  for  mendinge  the 

hower  glasse  for  the  Churche          .  .      00  00  GG 
Itm  to  Benjamyn  Reynolds  for  mending*?  the 
Churho  win  do  wes       .  .  .  .  . .      00  02  06 

Itm  to  Thomas  Cooke  for  layings  the  bridges 
in  the  Marshe  and  for  other  Rayling  work 

then .  .      GO  09  06 

Itm  to  Mathewe    Frggett    for   plancke   and 
tymber  for  the  Marshe         . .  . .      01  05  OS 

Itm  llc  orlope  nayles  ..  ..  ..      00  03  OS 

Itm  for  3C  Speeks         . .  . .  . .      00  00  10 

Itm  a  latch  for  the  Marshe  gate         . .      00  00  05 
Itm  to  John  hullock  for  Cariage  about  the 

Marshe  00  10  00 

Itm  to    Nicholas  Murford   for   a   Bell   Rope 
may  16  . .          . .  . .  . .      00  04  00 

Itm   to   a   poore   Captive   that  gathered 

may     . .          . .  . .  . .  . .      00  00  06 

Itm    to    John    Orris    for    Ringinge    by    the 
appDyntm*  of  Mr  Marshell   .  .  . .  '  00  05  00 

Itm  for  Caringe  ii  bar  of  powder  from 

slautinge          . .          . .          . .  00  00  04 

Itm  to  Bridge  for  Cariage  of  bread  and  beare 
on  the  pambulacon  daye     . .  . .      00  01  00 

Itm  to  Richard  Lilborne"  for  bread  att  that 
tyme    .  .  . .  .  .  .  .  00  04  00 

Itm  to  Mr  Thompson  for  a  gun  of  beare  for 

that  use "          00  04  00 

Itm  to   Mr  Banff  Cheney  for   ii  barrells   of 
gunpowder      . .  . .  .  .  . .      10  00  00 

Itm  more  to  him  for  10L>  matche  and  a  tran- 
fare  out  of  the  Custome  howse  as  appeares 

by  his  bill 00  04  10 

Itm  to   helpe   to   dryve   The   Cattell  in   the 

Marshe  Maii  10  00  03  00 

Itm  to  the  Fen  Reves  John  Richardson  and 

Robt  Spudy  for  ther  wages  May  30      00   16  00 
Itm   to    Mr   Baliff   Marshall   for    charges    for 

goinge  to  the  Comishioners  .  .      00  04  00 

[tm  bere  to  a  workeman         . .  . .      00  00  03 

Itm  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  Comunyon  wine 
and  bread  2   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      00   10  05 

Ltm  more  him  for  bread  beare  and  wyne  and 
dyett  on  the  pambulacon  daye      . .      00  08  10 

Aldeburgh,  Suffolk.        ARTHUR   T.    Wixx. 
(To  be  continued.) 


NATHANIEL   FIELD'S   WORK  IN  THE 
BEAUMONT  AND  FLETCHER  "PLAYS. 

(See  ante,  p.  141.) 

I   come   now   to    the   three   plays   of   the 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  folio  : — 

. — 'THE  TRIUMPH  OF  HONOUR,'  AND  '  THE 

TRIUMPH  OF  LOVE  '("Four  Plays  in  One.") 

It  was  not   until  after  I  had  completed 

ny  own  investigation  of  these  "  Triuir.phs, " 

hp-t  I  found  that  Beaumont's  claim  to  them 

lai  already  been  challenged  by  Mr.  E.  H.  C. 

Oliphant   and  Prof.    Gayley.     Mr.    Oil  pliant 


12  S.  VIII.  FEB.  26,  1921.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


165 


('Englische  Stuclien,'  xv.  (1891),  pp.  348-9) 
accepts  Beaumont's  authorship  of  'The 
Triumph  of  Love,'  but  gives  the  Induction 
and  '  The  Triumph  of  Honour  '  to  Field. 
Prof.  Gavley  ('Francis  Beaumont,'  p.  303) 
further  assigns  to  Field  three  scenes  (i.,  ii. 
and  vi.)  of  'The  Triumph  of  Love.'  I  go 
further  still,  claiming  for  Field  the  whole  of 
both  "Triumphs,"  as  well  as  the  Induction. 
If  the  two  authors  collaborated  in  the  same 
piece,  I  should  have  little  faith  in  the  ability 
of  any  critic  to  distinguish  them  by  the 
characteristics  of  their  verse,  and  as  I  find 
in  every  scene  of  'The  Triumph  of  Love  ' 
suggestions  of  Field's  vocabulary  and 
imagery,  1  see  no  reason  for  assuming  that 
Beaumont  had  any  share  at  all  in  the  "  Four 
Plays  in  One."  Moreover  there  is,  as  will 
be  seen,  strong  presumptive  evidence  that 
they  belong  to  a  considerably  later  date 
than  is  usually  assigned  to  them,  and  it  is 
more  than  probable  that  they  were  not 
written  until  after  Beaumont's  death. 

If  a  critic  with  a  knowledge  of  Beaumont's 
characteristics  as  intimate  as  Prof.  Gayley's 
cannot  find  Beaumont's  hand  in  the  Induc- 
tion or  "The  Triumph  of  Honour,'  one  may 
rest  satisfied  that  there  are  substantial 
grounds  for  rejecting  his  authorship.  But 
the  reason  given  by  Prof.  Gayley  (Op.  cit., 
p.  302)  for  attributing  them  to  Field  can 
hardly  be  called  satisfactory.  After  remark- 
ing that  they  are  full  of  polysyllabic  Latin- 
isms  such  as  Field  uses,  he  adds  : — 

"  Beaumont  never  uses  :  '  to  participate 
affairs,'  '  torturous  engine,'  &c.,  and  they  are 
marked  by  simpler  Fieldian  expressions,  '  wale,' 
'  gyv'd,'  '  blown  man,'  '  miskill,'  '  vane,'  '  lubbers,' 
'  urned,'  and  a  score  of  others  not  found  in 
Beaumont  '^undoubted  writings.'' 

It  is  true  that  not  one  of  these  words  or 
expressions  is  used  by  Beaumont.  But  the 
first  two,  though  they  occur  in  Field's  'A 
Woman  is  a  Weathercock,'  do  not  occur  in 
either  of  the  two  "Triumphs,"  while  the 
other  words  (with  the  sole  exception  of 
"vane,"  which  is  significant)  occur  in  the 
"Triumphs"  but  not  in  any  of  Field's 
undoubted  writings,  and  to  call  them 
"Fieldian  expressions  "  is  merely  to  beg  the 
question.  On  the  other  hand  "basilisk," 
noted  by  Prof.  Gayley  as  one  of  the  few 
words  slightly  suggestive  of  Beaumont,  is 
equally  characteristic  of  Field,  who  has  it 
twice  in  '  A  Woman  is  a  Weathercock  '  and 
once  in  'Amends  for  Ladies.' 

What  led  me  to  the  conclusion  that  *  The 
Triumph  of  Honour  '  and  '  The  Triumph  of 
L"ve  '  had  been  wrongly  attributed  to 
Beaumont  was  the  discovery  that  they  were 


written  by  the  author  of  Acts  III.  and  IV. 
of  'The  Queen  of  Corinth,'  in  which  Beau- 
mont's collaboration  has  never  been  alleged 
and  is,  indeed,  all  but  impossible,  since- 
Act  III.  contains  an  allusion  to  Goryat's- 
'  Greeting,'  not  published  until  1616,  the 
year  of  Beaumont's  death.  The  two- 
"Triumphs  "  are  so  closely  related  to  these 
two  acts  of  '  The  Queen  of  Corinth  '  that 
I  propose  first  to  show  that  they  are  by  the 
sa:iie  hand,  and  afterwards  to  identify  that 
hand  as  Field's. 

In  sc.   ii.   of    '  The  Triumph  of  Honour/ 
Martius,    the    Roman    general,    makes    ad- 
vances to  Dorigen,  the  chaste  wife  of  the 
Duke   of  Athens,   and  she  reproaches   him 
for  his  violation  of  "friendship,  hospitality, 
and  all  the  bonds  of  sacred  piety  "  in  ar* 
eloquent  speech  that  contains  these  lines  : — 
When  men  shall  read  the  records  of  thy  valouiy- 
Thy  hitherto-brave  virtue,  and  approach 
(Highly  content  yet)  to  this  foul  assault 
Included  in  this  leaf,  this  ominous  leaf, 
They  shall  throw  down  the  book,  and  read  no- 
more 
Thoxigh  the  best  deeds  ensue. 

In  Act  IV.  sc.  ii.  of  '  The  Queen  of  Corinth/ 
Euphanes,   the    Queen's   favourite,   says   to- 
the  Corinthian  general  Leonidas  : — 
. .  .  .when  posterity 

Shall  read  your  volumes  filPd  with  virtuous  acta,- 
And  shall  arrive  at  this  black  bloody  leaf, 

•. what  follows  this 

Deciphering  any  noble  deed  of  yours 

Shall  be  quite  lost,  for  men  will  read  no  more. 

There  are  only  two  possible  explanations- 
of  the  resemblance  between  these  passages  ; 
either  both  were  written  by  the  same  man- 
or one  is  a  deliberate  imitation  of  the, other.  - 
Any  doubt  as  to  the  correct  inference  to  be 
drawn   will    soon    be    dispelled   if   the   two 
"Triumphs  "  and  the  acts  of    'The  Queen 
of  Corinth  '  referred  to  are  compared  more 
closely. 

To 'begin  with  the  Induction,  the  Queen 
of  Portugal  in  her  first  speech  thus  addresses  - 
the  king  : — 

Majestic  ocean,  that  with  plenty  feeds 
Me,  thy  poor  tributary  rivulet  ; 

Curs'd  be  my  birth-hour,  and  my  ending  day, 
When  back  your  love-floods  I  forget  to  pay. 

In  Act  III.  sc.  ii.  of  '  The  Queen  of  Corinth  5 

Euphanes  says  to  his  mistress  : — 

I  came  to  tender  you  the  man  you  have  made, 

And,  like  a  thankful  stream,  to  retribute 

All  you,  my  ocean,  have  enrich'd  me  with. 

In   *  The  Triumph  of  Honour  '  note  firsfr 
that  the  alliteration    "arts  and  arms/'   in 
sc.  i.  (third  speech  of  Martius)  : — 
This  Athens  nurseth  arts  as  well  as  arms. 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.viii.FEB.2G,io2i. 


as  found  again  in  'The  Queen  of  Corinth, 

Jll-.i.  :— 

Five  fair  descents  I  can  decline  myself 

From  fathers  worthy  both  in  arts  and  arms. 

and  with  the  couplet  that  concludes  one  of 

Cornelius's  speeches  in  the  latter  half  6f  the 

scene  : — 

Yet  when  dogs  bark,  or  when  the  asses  bray, 

"The  lion  laughs  ;    not  roars,  but  goes  his  way. 

compare  the  observation  of  Crates  in  'The 

Queen  of  Corinth,'  III.  i.  : — 

. .  f  .the  lion  should  not  ' 
•Tremble  to  hear  the  bellowing  of  the  bull. 

In  sc.  ii.  there  is  the  speech  of  Dorigen 
-containing  the  striking  parallel  with  that 
of  Euphanes  in  IV.  ii.  of  'The  Queen  of 
'Corinth  '  already  noted. 

In  se.  iii.  Dorigen  uses  the  word   "  ante- 
.-date  "  in  the  sense  of  "anticipate  "  : — 
Yet  why  kneel  I 

For  pardon,  having  been  but  over-diligent 
Like  an  obedient  servant,  antedating 
jVly  lords  command  ? 

So  also  Euphanes  in  '  The  Queen  of  Corinth, 
III.  i.  :- 

You  need  not  thank  me,  Conon,  in  your  love 
You  antedated  what  I  can  do  for  you. 
The  word  is  not  used  by  Beaumont. 

In  'The  Triumph  of  Love,'  just  before 
Gerrard's  entry  in  sc.  ii.,  Benvoglio  says  to 
Ferdinand  : — 

Thy  person  and  thy  virtues  in  one  scale 
Shall  poise  hers,  with  her  beauty  and  her  wealth 
-compare,    in    IV.    iii.    of     'The    Queen    of 
Oorinth  '  : — 

. .  .  .when  in  the  scales, 

Nature  and  fond  affection  weigh  together, 
One  poises  like  a  feather. 

A  little  later  on  in  sc.  ii.  we  have  the  rare 
.adjective  "antipathous  "  :— 

.  .  .  .doth  thy  friendship  play 
;In  this  antipathous  extreme  with  mine 
Lest  gladness  suffocate  me  ? 
which    appears    again    in    'The    Queen    of 
Corinth,'  III.  ii.  : — 

She  extends  her  hand 
As  if  she  saw  something  antipathous 
Unto  her  virtuous  life 

.and  in  the  last  scene  there  is  the  almost 
•equally  uncommon  adverb  "jocundly  "  : — 

Oh  Violante  ! 

Might  my  life  only  satisfy  the  law, 
How  jocundly  my  soul  would  enter  Heaven  ! 
^also     found    in     'The    Queen    of    Corinth,' 
III.  ii.  : — 

. . .  .cast  ops  the  casements  wide 
'That  we  may  jocundly  behold  the  sun. 
.    Here   is-  enough   evidence   to   prove    that 
these     two     "Triumphs"     and     Acts     III. 
.-and  IV.  of  '  The  Queen  of  Corinth  '  are  from 
•the   same  hand.     And  it  is  clear  also  th  at 
£hey  must  have  been  composed  much  about 


the  same  time, — probably  in  the  same  year. 
Apart  from  the  parallels  I  have  noted,  they 
are  so  exactly  alike  in  style  and  metre,  and 
so  much  more  intimately  connected  with 
one  another  than  with  any  play  to  which 
Field's  name  is  attached,  that  it  is  impossible 
to  arrive  at  any  other  conclusion  than  that 
they  were  written  practically  contempo- 
raneously. If  'The  Queen  'of  Corinth  ' 
cannot  be  dated  before  1617,  it  is  to  that 
year,  or  one  very  close  to  it,  that  the  "  Four 
Plays  in  One  "  belong. 

The  direct  clues  to  Field  in  '  The  Triumph 
of  Honour'  and'  'The  Triumph  of  Love/ 
if  not  quite  so  plain  as  those  connecting 
these  plays  with  'The  Queen  of  Corinth,' 
are  yet  clear  enough. 

To  take  first  the  vocabulary -test,  of  the 
words  noted  as  characteristic  of  Field,  we 
find  the  exclamations  "pish  "  and  "hum  " 
and  the  word  "  transgress  "  in  the  Induc- 
tion; "pish"  occurs  again  in.  the  second 
"Triumph  "  and  "hum  "  thrice  in  the  first 
and  twice  in  the  second.  Either  "  continent  " 
or  "continence  *'  appears  in  all  three  cf  Field's 
acknowledged  plays.  The  latter  is  to  be  met 
with  in  sc.  ii.  of  '  The  Triumph  of  Love  ' : — 

.-.  .  .you  have  over-charged  my  breast 
With  grace  beyond  my  continence  ;   I  shall  bluest, 
in  a  context  which  suggests   a  passage  in 
'A  Woman  is  a  Weathercock,'  I.  i.  : — 

...  .to  conceal  it  [a  secret] 
Will  burst  your  breast  ;    'tis  so  delicious, 
And  so  much  greater  than  the  continent. 

"Innocency"  (Field  shows  a  marked 
preference  for  the  quadrisyllable  form  of 
the  word)  appears  twice  in  '  The  Triumph  of 
Love  '  (sc.  iv.  and  v.),  "  integrity  "  once  in 
each  play,  and  "transgress  "  twice  in  'The 
Triumph  of  Honour,'  and  once  in  'The 
Triumph  of  Love.' 

In  sc.  ii.  of  'The Triumph  of  Honour  'ap- 
pears the  "  vane  "  metaphor.  See  the 
second  speech  of  Martius  : — 

. .  .  .the  wild  ragp  of  my  blood 
Doth  ocean-iik'e  o'erflow  the  shallow  shore 
Of  my  weak  virtue  ;   my  desire's  a  vane 
That  the  least  breath  from  her  turns  every  way. 
It  is  not  used  by  Beaumont,  Fletcher  or 
Massinger.     One  would  expect  it  from  the 
author   of    '  A  Woman  is   a  Weathercock,' 
who  has  it  in  '  The  Fatal  Dowry, '  II.  ii.  : — 

Virtue  strengthen  me  ! 
Thy  presence  blows  round  my  affoetion's  vane ! 
You  will  undo  me  if  you  speak  again. 
In    the   same    scene    of  «  '  The   Triumph   of 
El.onour  '  Martius  says  to  Dorigen  : — 

thy  words 

r>o  fall  like  rods  upon  me  ;    but  they  have 
Such  silken  lines,  and  silver  hooks,  that  I 
Am  faster  snar'd. 


12  S.  VIII.  FEB.  26,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


167 


Compare  these  lines   from  the   song   ('A 
Dialogue  between  a  Man  and   a  Woman  ') 
in  'The  Fatal  Dowry,'  II.  ii.  :— 
"Set  "  Phoebus  "  s?t  ;    a  fairar  sun  doth  ris  - 
From  th?  bright  radiance  of  my  mistress'  eyes 
'Than  ever  thou  begatt'st  :    I  dare  not  look  ; 
Each  haii'  a  f^^lden  line,  each  word  a  hook, 
The  more  I  strive,  the  mors  still  I  am  took. 

In  his  la  ?t  speech  in  sc.  iii.  of  '  The  Triumph 
of  Honour  '  Sophocles  thus  apostrophizes 
the  deity  : — 

Thou  that  did'st  order  this  congested  heap 
When  it  was  chaos,  'twixt  thy  spacious  palms 
Forming  it  to  this  vast  rotundity, 
.Dissolve  it  now,  shuffle  the  elements 
That  no  one  proper  by  itself  may  stand. 

In  III.  i.  of  '  The  Fatal  Dowry  '  Charalcis 
says  to  Romont  :— 

Had  I  just  cause. 

Thou  know'st  T  durst  pursue  such  injury 
Through  lire,  air,  water,  earth,  nay  were  they  all 
Shuffled  again  to  chaos. 

In  sc.  v.  of   '  The  Triumph  of  Love  '  for 
the    curious    application    of    the    adjective 
"  female  "  in  the  expression  "female  tears  " 
(Benvoglio's  last  speech)  : — 
Come,  turn  thy  female  tears  into  revenge. 
compare    "female   hate"   in    'Amends   for 
Ladies,'  III.  ii.,  where  Lord  Proudly,  who 
suspects  that  his  sister  is  in  Ingen's  custody, 
.•exclaims  : — 

. .  .  ,bf>  she  lost, 

The  female   hate  shall  spring  betwixt  our  names 
Shall  never  die. 

Finally,  in  the  last  scene  of  '  The  Triumph 
of  Love, '  Gerrard  observes  that 

. . .  .the  law 

Is  but  the  great  man's  mule,  he  rides  on  it 
"And  tramples  poorer  men  under  his  feet 
Which  is  much  the  same  as  what  Strange 
says  of  the  law  in  '  A  Woman  is  a  Weather- 
cock,' II.  i.,  except  that  he  compares  it,  not 
to  a  mule,  but  to  an  ass  : — • 

../.  .some  say  some  men  on  the  back  of  law 
ride  and  rule  it  like  a  patient  ass. 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES. 
Enfield. 

(To  be  continued.) 


HARBOBNE  on  HABBRON  FAMILY.  (See 
.3  S.  iv.  471;  9  S.  iii.  308,  372;  iv.  89,  275.) 
• — The  following  references  to  printed  books, 
containing  references  to  members  of  this 
family,  may  prove  useful  to  some  reader  or 
future  reader.  The  name  in  its  many 
variants  appears  to  be  derived  from  the 
place-name  Harborne  in  the  Midlands,  and 
from  Hartburn  on  the  Tees,  for  the  northern 
{branches. 


British  Record  Society,  Index  Library 
vol.  iv.  pp.  3,  20,  24,  97  ;  vol.  v.,  bundle  H.  5 
Xo.  38  ;  H.  14,  Xo.  16  ;  H.  21,  Xo.  62  ; 
H.  23,  Xo.  34  ;  H.  37,  Xo.  22  ;  H.  38,  Xo.  18  ; 
H.  48,  Xo.  Qla :  H.  57,  Xo.  57  :  H.  62, 
Xo.  30 ;  H.  72,  Xo.  57  ;  H.  73,  Xo.  13  ; 
H.  77,  Xo.  53  ;  H.  80,  Xo.  35  :  H.  88,  Xo.  49  ; 
H.  116,  Xo.  180;  H.  117,  Xo.  14;  H.  118, 
Xo.  141  ;  H.  119,  Xo.  149  ;  H.  120,  Xos.  1, 
68,  149 ;  vol.  vii.  pp.  54,  533  ;  vol.  x.  p.  252  (2), 
vol.  xviii.  p.  143  ;  vol.  xxxiii.  p.  57.  Pap, 
worth,  pp.  304,  835;  Burke's  'Gen.  Armoury,' 
p.  454.  'Genealogists'  Guide,'  p.  377. 
Fairbairn's  '  Crests,  Biog.  Diet.  English 
Catholics,''  p.  121.  Yorks  Arch.  Soc.  Re; 
cords  Papers  Index  Marriage  Lie.  x.  194  - 
xiv.  491,  492.  Northumberland  and  Dur- 
ham Parish  Reg.  Soc.  Middleton  St.  George, 
Bishop  Middleham.  '  Cal.  State  Papers 
Compounding,'  vol.  i.  pp.  89,  2080  :  vol.  iv. 
pp.  92,  672,  2797,  2798.  Directory  X.  and 
E.  Yorks,  1823.  Yorks  Par.  Reg.  Soc. 
Marks  by  the  Sea,  Kirkleathain,  Terrington. 
Grant- James,  'The  History  of  the  Church 
of  St.  Germain  Marske  by  the  Sea.  Harl. 
Soc.  Pub.,  vols.  i.  5,  12,  15,  46,  and  Grantees 
of  Arms.  'Cal.  State  Papers.  Venice,' 
1581-91,  many  references.  'Domestic,' 
1625-26,  p.  345  ;  1547-80,  p.  <>97  :  1063-10, 
p.  479;  1640-1,  p.  326.  Gent.' a  Mag., 
Ixxx.  ii.  198  ;  xxxvx.  609  ;  Ivi.  996 ;  xlii. 
542  ;  44th  and  45th  Annual  Report  Dep. 
Keeper  Pub.  Rec.,  'State  Papers,  Letters 
and  Papers  Henry  8th,'  p.  867.  Surtees 
Soc  Pub.,  vol.  ii.  p.  77  ;  vol.  ii.  p.  186  ; 
vol.  xv.  p.  77  ;  vol.  xxxviii.  ii.  p.  49  ; 
vol.  xxi.  pp.  184,  185,  186,  187,  188,  193, 
194,  195,  196  ;  vol.  xxii.  pp.  56,  124,  130  ; 
lx.,  xxx.,  Ixix.,  vol.  cxxv.  (Boldeii  Boke); 
vol.  xcvii.  pp.  47,  77,  120,  137,  239,  243  : 
vol.  iii.  pp.  13,  15,  22,  25,  57,  66,  234-235. 
Surtees,  '  History  of  Durham. ;  Victoria 
County  History  of  Durham.  Cal.  Com. 
Adv.  Pub.  Money,  Domestic,  part  1.  1642-56, 
p.  167.  Cotman,  vol.  ii.  p.  46.  '  Xat.  Diet. 
Biog.,'  vol.  xxiv.  Marquis  of  Salisbury's 
Coll.  Hist.  MSS.,  part  4,  pp.  104,  61,  258; 
part  8,  p.  185  ;  part  9,  p.  57  ;  part  10,  p.  214. 
Parish  Reg.  Soc.  Pubs.  Stratford-on-Avon, 
Monk  Fryston,  Yorks,  Rowington.  (Warwick) 
Solihull.  The  Reg.  of  Richard  de  Kellawe ; 
Cath  Rec  Soc.,  vol.  xii.  p.  78 :  vol.  xviii. 
pp.  79,  76.  Washington  Irving,  *  Life  of 
George  Washington.'  Lansdowne  MSS. 
Index.  Index  Charters  and  Rolls  British 
Museum. 

There  are  also  many  records  in  Reacl- 
marshall,  co.  Durham,  Parish  Reg.,  but 
this  is  not  yet  printed. 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.FEB.2o,  1021. 


Any  further  information  will  be  welcomed 
by  the  writer,  especially  with  reference  to 
the  Durham  branch. 

DUDLEY  HARBRON. 


(SJumes. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in 
formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


BENJAMIN  CHOYCE  SOWDEN  (OR  SOWDON), 
"EMINENT  ENGLISH  POET." — In  1781  Ben- 
ja  nin  Williams  edited  a  volume  whose  title 
runs  : — 

"The  Book  of  Psalms,  as  translated,  para- 
phrased, or  imitated  by  some  of  the  most  eminent 

British  Poets;  viz.,  Addison...... Milton Sowden 

Watts.     Salisbury  :   MDCCLXX1.    Price  four 

shillings." 

On  p.  471  appears  a  version  of  Psalm  cxlvi. 
attributed  to  Sowden  : — 

Indulgent  Father  !  how  divine  ! 
How  bright  thy  Bounties  are  ! 

What  is  known  of  this  "eminent  English 
poet,"  and  where  did  Williams  find  the 
version  which  he  quotes  ?  The  name  Sow- 
den  does  not  appear  in  the  'D,N.B.'  or  in 
the  '  Cambridge  History  of  English  Litera- 
ture,' or  in  Holland's  '  Psalnists  of  Britain  ' 
(1843),  or  in  Julian's  '  Dictionary  of  Hymno- 
logy  '  (1908).  In  the  last  (p.  932)  it  is 
stated  that  "  numerous  versions  of  individual 
Psal  us  are  given  in  the  '  Index  to  Seasons 
and  Subjects  '  in  this  Dictionary  ;  but  no 
such  Index  is  to  be  found.  The  British 
Museum  Catalogue  of  Printed  Books  has 
entries  of  Sermons  on  various  subjects  under 
Sowden,  Benjamin  (1751,  '59,  '60),  and 
under  Sowden,  Benjamin  Choyce  (1780,  '98); 
but  these  volumes  include  no  Psalm  versions. 
The  two  Sowdens  turn  out  to  be  the  same 
man,  who  is  described  as  "of  Emmanuel 
College,  Cambridge." 

Through  the  courtesy  of  tho  Master  of 
Emmanuel,  I  am  able  to  add  that 

"Benjamin  Choyce  Sowdon  (it  is  pretty  dis- 
tinctly o  in  the  second  syllable  in  W.  Bennetts  list  of 
members  of  the  College  :  Bennet  was  a  Fellow  in  S.'s 
time  and  possibly  his  Tutor),  or  Sowden.  was  born  at 
Rotterdam,  and  was  admitted  to  the  College  as  a 
Sizar*  on  March  25,  1773.  He  intended  to  study  for 
the  B.D.  degree  under  the  Statutes  of  Elizabeth. 
He  was  apparently  a  'ten  years  man,'  ie.,  gener- 
ally a  beneficed  clergyman  who  came  up  for  one 
term  a  year  with  a  view  to  qualifying  ultimately 


for  a  degree.  They  did  not  disappear  till  the 
Statutes  of  1882.  Sowdon  never  graduated.  Our 
records  are  probably  complete  as  regard*  names  o£ 
members  of  the  College,  but  are  lamentably  lacking 
in  other  details  down  to  1877.  The  above  contains 
all  we  have  about  Sowdon,  and  none  of  his  works- 
are  in  the  College  Library.  The  name  seems  to  be 
rare."- 

Sowden's  credentials  as  an  eminent  Eng- 
lish poet  are  still  to  seek. 

P.    J.    AlSTDERSON. 
University  Library,  Aberdeen. 

SYRIAC  MS.  :  LIFE  AND  PASSION  OF  Ous. 
LORD. — Can  any  reader  give  information 
about  the  existence  and  place  of  the  follow- 
ing manuscript  which  was  mentioned  in 
Sotheby's  catalogue  as  for  sale  on  May  21, 
1838- — but  no  price  or  buyer's  name  is 
recorded  ?  The  book  belonged  to  Dr.  Adarn 
Clarke,  F.S.A.,  M.R.I.A.,  <&c.,  whose  son, 
the  Rev.  J.  B.  B.  Clarke,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb,,. 
and  assistant  curate  of  Frome,  Somerset, 
1834,  compiled  a  catalogue  in  which  among 
Persian,  Syriac,  Arabic,  &c.,  volumes  the- 
MS.  is  thus  described  : — 

"The  life  &;  passion  of  our  blessed  Lord;  in- 
Syriac;  collected  from  the  four  evangelists:  one 
of  the  old  evangelistaria  :  it  is  a  kind  of  Harmony 
of  the  gospels,  giving  our  Lord's  life  in  the  words  o£ 
the  evangelists. " 

The  .following  is  a  note  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Mr.  Edward  Ives  of  Titchfield, 
Hants  : — 

'Turkey,  July  2nd,  Sunday,  1758.  At  a  pocsr 
Christian  town  called  Caiiialisk  Gawerkoe,  situated 
about  six  hours'  journey  S.  of  Mosul,  this  MS.  I 
bought  of  a  Deacon  then  belonging  to  the  old 
Christian  Church  there  ;  and  the  town  he  informed 
me  was  once  the  seat  of  a  Chaldaean  Bishop." 

The  MS.  is  written  in  the  ancient  Estran- 
gelian  character,  in  a  very  bold  hand.  It 
was. much  damaged  and  in  ruins,  but  has- 
been  most  beautifully  inlaid  in  English 
paper  and  arranged  by  my  father,  and  now 
forms  one  of  the  best  preserved  and  most 
ancient  Syriac  MSS.  extant,  being  probably 
upwards  of  1,000  years  old.  It  formerly 
belonged  to  Jacob  Bryant.  Very  large 
quarto,  strongly  extra  bound  by  one  of  the- 
first  hands  in  stamped  Russia,  pp.  368. 

GEORGE  HORNER. 
The  Athenaeum,  Pall  Mall.  S.W.I. 

AN  ELIZABETH  SHOE  HORN  :  JANE  AYRES.. 
— This  shoeing  horn  is  inscribed  as  follows  : — - 

"  This  is  Jane  Ay  res  shoeine  Home  made  by  the 
hands  of  Robert  Mindurn  1595. '' 

Can  any  reader  by  any  chance  give  me  any 
information  regarding  Jane  Ayres  ? 

PERCIVAL  £>.  GRIFFITHS,  F.S.A* 

Sandridgebury,  St.  Albans. 


i2s.vm.FEB .26/1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


PRINCE  RUPERT'S  FORT,  CORK  HARBOUR. 
— When  Marlborough's  fleet  attacked  the 
harbour  entrance  September,  1690,  it  was 
engaged  by  a  battery  of  eight  guns,  even- 
tually silenced  by  three  landing-parties  of 
resolute  seamen.  Lord  Wolseley  says  these 
guns  were  at  Prince  Rupert's  Fort.  Old 
maps  show  a  fort  of  this  name  as  late  as 
1774.  It  is  a  matter  for  research  as  to  why 


it  was  so-called. 
It    may    have 


been    erected    by    Prince 


Rupert's  men  circa  1649,  or,  merely  named 
after    him    in    consequence    of    his    nava 
successes  against  the  Dutch,  1666/7.      Some 
attribute   the   building  to   Lord  Mount  joy 
Both  this  and  a  Prince  Rupert's  Tower  at 
Kinsale  appear  to  have  been  contemporary 
and  to  have  been  close  to  the  water's  edge 
at  the  entrance  of  their  respective  harbours 


Can    any    reader    of 


&    Q.'    supply 


additional  information  regarding  Prince 
Rupert's  Fort  in  Cork  Harbour,  or  indicate 
any  picture  or  tij«.r-  previous  to  1774  ? 

R,  C.  L.  H. 

RICHARD  III.  —  Is  there  any  record  of  the 
natural  children  of  King  Richard  III.,  and 
of  their  descendants  ?  MEDINEWS. 

ORIGINAL  PORTRAITS  OF  JOHN  HOWARD, 
THE  PHILANTHROPIST.  —  According  to  his  own 
declaration,  John  Howard  would  never 
allow  his  portrait  to  be  taken.  He  was 
much  annoyed  by  some  who  followed  him 
in  the  streets  of  London  for  this  purpose, 
but  generally  managed  to  escape  them. 

The  best  and  most  authentic  portrait  is 
that  by  Thomas  Holloway,  an  artist  of  some 
note,  and  an  intimate  friend  of  Howard. 
He  was  much  in  his  company.  This  was 
done  in  India  ink,  and  is  the  basis  of  many 
of  Howard's  likenesses.  It  .was  engraved  for 
Brown's  '  Life  of  Howard.'  It  is  admirably 
executed.  This  is  now  in  my  possession. 

There  is  a  "pencil  sketch,"  a  mere  out- 
line, taken  by  stealth  whilst  in  church. 
It  was  originally  owned  by  Mr.  Palmer, 
M.P.  for  Reading. 

Two  plaster  casts  of  Howard's  face  were 
taken  after  his  death  by  order  of  Prince 
Potemkin,  who  retained  one,  and  gave  the 
other  to  Thomasson,  Howard's  servant, 
when  it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Whitbread. 

The  Gentleman'  's  Magazine  for  1790  speaks 
of  a  portrait  of  Howard  from  an  original 
sketch  "taken  by  stealth  in  church." 
Whether  it  is  the  one  above  referred  to  is 
a  question. 

I  have  also  in  my  possession  a  beautiful 
pastel,  full  length,  size  21  by  28  in.,  oval, 


representing  Howard  sitting  at  a  table, 
holding  a  paper,  marked  "Howard  on 
Prisons,"  but  the  features  are  much  younger 
than  in  other  portraits  :  the  artist,  unknown. 

There  was  a  print  engraved  by  Edmund 
Scott,  published  in  London,  Sept.  22,  1789, 
about  four  months  before  Howard's  death. 
It  purports  to  be  from  an  "  original  picture  " 
by  Mather  Brown,  an  American  artist,  born 
Oct.  7,  1761;  died  in  May,  1831.  There 
were  two  of  these  paintings  :  one  in  the 
National  Portrait  Gallery,  the  other  in 
Howard's  house  at  Cardington.  I  have 
this  print  in  my  possession. 

If  from  an  "  original  picture,"  does  this 
mean  that  Howard  receded  from  his  deter- 
mination not  to  sit  for  his  likeness,  and 
finally  yielded  ?  Or,  did  the  artist  paint 
him  from  memory,  whenever  he  may  have 
seen  him  ?  The  size  of  the  print  is  17  by 
14  in.  It  is  doubtless  a  good  likeness,  and 
indicates  the  character  of  the  subject. 

At  whose  request  was  this  portrait 
painted?  Is  it  really  an  "original"? 
Who  knows  anything  of  its  history  ?  Who 
was  the  first  owner  ? 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  of  any  other 
portraits  of  John  Howard. 

HOWARD  EDWARDS. 
2026  Mount  Vernon  Street,  Philadelphia,  U.S.A. 

EDWARD  SNAPE. — Who  was  Edward 
Snape,  whose  portrait  was  painted  by 
Whitty  and  engraved  by  Godby  ?  Was  he 
of  the  famous  family  of  veterinary  surgeons 
to  the  King  ?  I  understand  that  the  last 
in  direct  descent  of  that  line  was  a  clergyman 
and  not  a  "vet."  Edward  Snape's  portrait 
was  published  in  May  1,  1791. 

D.  A.  H.  MOSES. 

78  Kennington  Park  Road. 

[Our  Correspondent  will  find  lives  of  James 
Newton  and  John  Pordage,  about  whom  he  also 
enquires,  in  the  '  D.N.B.'j 

"H.   K.,"  MEMBER  FOR  MALDON.— In  a 
joem    by    an    anonymous    writer,    entitled 
Oppression,'     and     published    in    London, 
1765,    the   phrase    "Portsmouth    Yankey " 
appears. 

This  is  said  to  be  the  first  appearance  of 
he  word  "  yankee,"  and  it  is  applied  to  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  of  the 
)eriod,  who  was  a  native  of  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  had  removed  to  England,  entered 
Parliament  and  was  a  supporter  of  the 
Stamp  Act.  He  is  referred  to  as  "H.  K." 
Can  any  one  identify  him  ?  He  was 


apparently  member  for  Maldon. 


CUB  DO  OK*  Y 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vin.FEB.26fi92i. 


THE  MANNEQUIN  OR  DRESSMAKER'S  DOLL. 
— I  am  anxious  to  trace  eighteenth-cen- 
tury references  to  the  mannequin  or  dress- 
maker's doll.  Rose  Bertin,  the  leading 
French  modiste  of  the  seventeen-eighties 
(and,  I  think,  other  dressmakers),  was  accus- 
tomed to  communicate  the  newest  Paris 
fashions  to  the  capitals  of  Europe  by  sending 
to  them  an  elaborately  dressed  doll,  iSmile 
Langlade,  in  his  *  Life  of  Rose  Bertin,'  refers 
to  the  practice,  which  is  also  touched  on  in 
the  first  number  of  the  Cabinet  des  Modes 
(Nov.  15,  1785),  where  the  method  of  the 
fashion-plate  —  Planche  in  taille  douce 
enluminee- — is  commended  as  far  better. 
Certainly  by  the  end  of  the  century  the 
fashion-plate,  both  in  France  and  England, 
had  reached  so  high  a  level  of  artistic  ex- 
cellence as  entirely  to  supersede  the  dressed 
doll.  But  I  should  like  to  trace  eerlier 
references  to  the  mannequin  and  to  discover 
if  any  actual  specimens  remain  in  museums 
or  private  hands.  Some  of  the  dolls  in  the 
Victoria  and  Albert  Museum  may  possibly 
be  mannequins,  but  I  know  of  no  authentic 
evidence  to  this  effect. 

TSToRAH  RICHARDSON. 

Red  House,  Wilton,  Salisbury. 

•  TAVERN  SIGNS. — What  is  the  derivation 
of  the  following  tavern  signs  which  I  have 
lately  seen  on  public-houses  in  London. 
Xone  of  them  is  given  in  Larwood  and 
Hotten's  '  History  of  Sign  Boards  ?  '•- 

Old  Blade  Bone,  Bethnal  Green  Road. 

Sun  in  the  Sands,  Old  Dover  Road, 
Blackheath. 

Flying  Scud,  Hackney  Road. 

Rose  of  Denmark,  Newington  Causeway. 

Hares  Foot,  Mortimer  Street. 
,     British  Queen,  Old  Street,  E. 

PHILIP  GOSSE. 

25  Argyll  Road,  Kensington,  W.8. 

SHEFFIELD  PLATE  :  MATTHEW  BOULTON. 
• — A  presentation  of  Sheffield  plate  was 
recently  made,  and  according  to  the  report 
of  an  expert  the  two  candelabra  and  four 
candlesticks  were  the  work  of  Matthew 
Boulton  at  the  Soho  Works,  Sheffield,  about 
1815,  and  bore  his  mark  of  "the  Sun  in 
Splendour,"  double  struck.  The  pair  of 
wine  coolers  also  bore  his  mark  and  their 
date  was  about  1810.  The  famous  Soho 
Works  were  of  course  and  still  are  in  Bir- 
mingham (not  in  Sheffield) ;  Matthew  Bolton 
was  born  and  remained  all  his  lifetime  in 
Birmingham,  where  he  died  on  Aug.  18, 
1809.  Moreover,  his  mark  was  a  horseshoe 


surmounted  by  a  ball,  according  to  Bertie 
Wyllie's  '  Sheffield  Plate  '  (re-issued  in  1913). 
I  have  not  seen  the  presentation  plate  myself 
and  suspect  that  the  "  Sun.  in  Splendour, 
double  struck  "  is  probably  the  mark  of  the 
Soho  Plate  Co.,  also  of  Birmingham,  namely 
two  stars  of  eight  points  each  ;  but  I  am 
open  to  conviction.  Mr.  Wyllie  states  that 
Boulton  had  moved  from  Sheffield  to 
Birmingham  in  1764  and  started  silver 
plating  in  that  town  too.  As  a  matter  of 
fact  the  Soho  Works  were  opened  by  him  in 
1762.  His  biographers  say  nothing  about  his 
stay  in  Sheffield  but  tell  us  that  his  father 
with  whom  he  served  his  apprenticeship  had 
been  a  silver  stamper  and  piercer  at  Bir- 
mingham. L.  L.  K. 

ARMY  BADGES. — I  am  anxious  to  know 
when  the  present  badges  of  rank  worn  by 
officers  and  W.O.s  and  N.C.O.s  of  the  army 
at  the  present  time  came  in  to  use. 

What  badges  were  worn  before  the 
present  ones  ? 

Are  the  chevrons  on  the  uniform  of  the 
City  Marshall  relics  of  such  badges  ? 

Why  do  the  metal  stars  worn  by  officers 
bear  the  motto  Tria  juncta  in  uno  ? 

Is  it  correct  to  say  that  the  title  major- 
general  is  a  shortened  form  of  sergeant- 
major-general  ?  TERRIER. 

RANELAGH  IN  PARIS. — I  understand  that 
these  gardens  were  opened  in  1774.  Did 
they  ever  'attain  a  fashionable  reputation, 
and  when  were  they  closed  ?  The  location 
of  Ranelagh  Gardens  is  still  indicated  in  the 
topography  of  the  French  capital  by  an 
avenue;  a  rue,  and  a  square,  so  named,  in 
the  Passy  district.  J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101  Piccadilly., 

MRS.  SUSANNA  GORDON.-^-!  find  among 
my  family  papers  a  'Copy  Mr.  Jeremy's 
Opinion  on  instructions  to  settle  Bill  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Plees  against  Mr.  Short  and  Wife,' 
and  wish  to  trace  the  relationships  or 
associations  of  the  various  persons  named 
therein  ;  also  anything  of  interest  relating  to 
the  matter  itself.  The  opinion,  given  by 
"  George  Jeremy,  Lincoln's  Inn,  21st  Jan- 
uary, 1835,"  commences  as  follows  : — 

"  Presuming  that  the  Will  of  Mrs.  Susanna 
Gordon  was  duly  executed  to  pass  real  Estates 
as  it  appears  to  have  been,  I  am  of  Opinion,  that 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Plees  have  the  same  grounds  for 
proceeding  in  Equity  as  she  had  ;  but  the  case 
must,  of  course,  be  supported  by  evidence.... 
If  such  evidence  be  forthcoming  I  think  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Plees  have  good  grounds  of  proceeding. 
At  all  events,  I  should  think  that,  under  the 


12  S.  VIII.  FEB.  26,  1921.]      NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


171 


^circumstances  of  the  case  the  effect  of  filing  a 
bill  would  be  well  worth  the  trial.  And  I  have 
-accordingly  altered  that  originally  drawn  by 
me  on  behalf  of  Mrs.  Susanna  Gordon  as  Plain  tiff 
and  made  M.r.  and  Mrs.  Plees  Plaintiffs  in  the 
proposed  Suit  in  her  stead.  I  have  also  intro- 
dxiced  the  Annuitants  and  Legatee  under  Mrs. 
Susanna  Gordon's  Will  as  parties  Defendants 
therein,  because  Miss  Williams,  being  an  Infant, 
she  cannot  disclaim,  and  must  therefore  be  made 
a  Party,  &c.,  &c." 

Other  names  occurring  in  the  Opinions  are 
those  of  Mrs.  Williams,  Mr.  Barnes,  and  the 
.aforesaid  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Short. 

The  will  of  a  Mrs.  Susanna  Gordon,  of 
New  Milman  Street,  St.  Pancras,  widow  and 
.relict  of  Alexander  Gordon,  late  of  Charter- 
house Square,  was  proved  in  1834.  Amongst 
those  mentioned  in  it  are  her  sons  (Richard 
Osborne,  John  Rolfe,  and  George),  a  de- 
ceased daughter  (Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Bickler), 
and  two  surviving  daughters  (ILaisanna  Rolfe 
Gordon,  and  Mrs.  Hannah  7>  /ie  Rowett). 

It  seems  likely  that  the  R  \  Mr.  (William 
Gordon)  Plees 's  mother  was  born  a  Gordon 
(?  Janet).  Any  further  information  will  be 
of  interest.  F.  GORDON  ROE. 

Arts  Club,  40  Dover  Street,  W. 

FIELDSON  FAMILY. — I  should  be  much 
obliged  for  any  information  regarding  the 
surname  of  Fieldson.  The  family  came 
originally  from  the  city  of  Lincoln,  England. 

I  have  been  told  that  it  is  a  corruption  of 
Fielding,  Fieldsend,  or  one  of  the  many 
^variations  of  the  name  Field,  all  of  which 
•are  found  fairly  frequently. 

R.  L.  FIELDSON 

74  Hutchison  Street,  Montreal,  Canada. 

SIR  SIMON  LE  BLANO,  Justice  of  the 
King's  Bench  ;  who  died  unmarried  Apr.  15, 
1816,  was  the  second  son  of  Thomas  Le 
Blanc  of  Charterhouse  Square,  London. 
I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  the  date  of  his 
birth,  or  baptism,  and  the  maiden  name  of 
lii.s  mother,  concerning  whom  the  'Diet. 
Nat.  Biog.x  (xxxii.  330)  says  nothing  . 

G.  F.  R,  B. 

"PERFIDE  ALBION." — In  a  quotation 
book  I  find  the  expression  "  Perfide  Angle- 
terre  "  attributed  to  Bossuet,  but  who  first 
-called  England  "Perfide  Albion  "  ? 

G.  A.  ANDERSON. 
Woldingham. 

SCOTTISH  EMIGRANTS  AFTER  CULLODEN. — 
I  have  a  small  illustration  of  a  gold  badge 
with  Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart  on  it, 
and  the  paper  from  which  it  was  taken  says 
it  formerly  belonged  to  an  old  Scottish 
family,  who  migrated  to  Ireland  soon  after 


the  battle  of  Culloden.     Does  any  one  know 
the  name  of  that  family  ?  and  if  there  are  any 
descendants  living  ?      (Mrs.)  C.  STEPHEN. 
Wootton  Cottage,  Lincoln. 

OLD  ANGLO-INDIAN  SONGS. — Can  any  one 
inform  me  who  wrote  the  following  songs, 
well  known  to  all  Anglo-Indians  :  '  The 
Buffalo  Battery,'  and  'Wrap  me  up  in  my 
old  stable  jacket.'  I  would  also  be  obliged 
if  some  one  could  give  me  the  words  in  full. 
H.  E.  RUDKIN,  Major. 

Brewery  House,  Wallingford,  Berks. 


JOHN  THORNTON  OF  COVENTRY, 
AND  THE  GREAT  EAST  WINDOW  OF 

YORK  MINSTER. 
(12  S.  vii.  481  ;  viii.  52.) 

MR.  JOHN  D.  LE  COUTEUR'S  thoughtful  and 
considered  criticism  of  my  note  on  John 
Thornton,  merits  an  equally  careful  reply, 
which  I  now  give. 

1.  In  the  absence  of  any  direct  evidence, 
MR.  LE  COUTEUR,  in  contending  that  John 
Thornton  was  more  probably  a  practitioner 
in  a  school  of  glass-painting  situated  at 
Coventry  than,  as  I  suggested,  at  Notting- 
ham, is  just  as  likely  to  be  correct  as  I. 
The  fact  that  there  was  a  John  Coventre 
working  on  the  St.  George's  Chapel  windows 
in  1352-3,  and  a  John  Thornton  of  Coventry 
executing  the  great  east  window  of  York 
Minster  in  1405-8,  certainly  points  to  the 
fact  that  there  were,  at  any  rate,  one  or 
more  glass-painters  there.  Bat  that  Coven- 
try cannot  have  been  of  importance  as  a 
school  of  design  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
forty  years  after  Thornton  came  to  York, 
when  we  should  naturally  expect  the 
Coventry  school,  if  it  existed  at  all,  to 
have  grown  both  in  numbers  and  in  skill, 
the  order  for  the  windows  of  the  Beauchamp 
Chapel  at  Warwick,  not  many  miles  away, 
was  not  placed  there  but  in  Westminster. 
The  reasons  for  preferring  Nottingham  as 
a  more  probable  centre  for  a  school  of 
glass-painting  in  the  Midlands  are  firstly, 
that  window-making  is  not  only  an  art  but 
a  manufacture,  in  which  the  raw  material, 
lead  and  glass,  is  heavy  stuff.  When  roads 
were  few  and  bad,  the  chief  method  of 
transport  for  heavy  goods  was  by  water. 
Moreover,  most  of  the  glass  had  to  be 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.viii.FEB.2o,i92i. 


imported  from  the  Continent,  hence  the  | 
chief  centres  for  glass-painting  were  situated 
on  navigable  rivers  having  an  outlet  on  the 
east  coast.  This  explains  why  fat  orders 
from  Durham,  which  did  not  possess  a 
navigable  river,  and  from  Cumberland  and 
Lancashire,  to  reach  which  entailed  a 
voyage  all  round  England,  came  to  line  the 
pockets  of  the  York  glass-painters  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ouse.  (Vide  'Durham  Acct. 
Rolls,'  ed.  by  Rev.  Canon  Fowler,  Surtees 
Soc.  ;  and  '  Will  of  Sir  John  Petty,  glass- 
painter  of  York,  Test.  Ebor.,'  Surtees  Soc.) 
Nottingham  had  its  ships  sailing  direct  to 
the  Continent,  whence  came  not  only  glass, 
but  new  ideas  ;  and  in  dealing  with  Thornton 
it  must  not  be  overlooked  that  he  was 
regarded  by  his  contemporaries  not  only  as 
«n  artist  of  outstanding  merit,  but  also  as 
an  innovator,  for  he  evidently  displaced  John 
Burgh,  the  glass-painter.  The  latter  was 
doing  work  for  the  Minster  in  13C9,  and  he 
was  still  being  employed  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  for  repairs  in  1419.  ('York  Min- 
ster Fabric  Rolls,'  Surtees  Soc.).  But  he 
must  have  been  quite  out  of  dato  in  1405 
when  Thornton  was  brought  to  York,  for 
at  that  moment  what  was  wanted  was  not 
only  glass  of  "new  colour-:  such  as  is 
mentioned  in  the  '  Durham  Account  Rolls  ' 
of  1404,  but  new  ideas  also.  Lastly, 
Nottingham  seems  to  have  been  a  centre 
for  church  furnishers.  One  of  these, 
Nicholas  Hill,  did  a  thriving  trade  as  a 
carver  of  statues  and  sent  his  wares  as  far 
as  London.  One  consignment  consisted  of 
110  fewer  than  fifty-eight  heads  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  some  of  them  with  canopies 
('Nottingham  Records,'  iii.  18,  20,  &c.). 
In  1367  the  altar  table  or  reredos  of  St. 
George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  was  made  there, 
evidently  because  it  was  carved  in  alabaster. 
It  was  not,  however,  taken  to  Windsor  by 
water  but  by  road,  requiring  eighty  horses 
and  ten  carts  to  move  it.* 

2.  Through  hasty  writing  I  have  un- 
fortunately misquoted  rather  than  (as  MB. 
LE  COURTEUR  courteously  and  kindly  puts 
it)  "mistaken  the  purport  of  "  a  query  on 
p.  20  of  his  'Ancient  Glass  in  Winchester,' 
which  is  inexcusable  and  which  I  regret. 
As  MR.  LE  COUTEUR  shows,  John  Coventre 

*  The  Neville  screen  (still  to  be  seen  in  Durham 
Cathedral)  and  the  base  of  the  shrine  of  St.  Cuth- 
bert  were  done  by  a  London  carver  and  sent  by 
water  to  Newcastle  ;  the  prior  of  the  abbey  under- 
took the  cartage  thence  to  Durham.  "  Durham 
Account  Rolls,"  ed.  by  the  Rev.  Canon  Fowler. 
Surtees  Soc.  iii.,  p.  xxix. 


working  at  Westminster  in  1352-3,  ancl- 
John  Thornton  of  Coventry  who  was  stil! 
alive  in  1433  cannot  have  been  one  and  the 
same  person. 

3.  The  reasons  for  assuming  that  the 
windows  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel  and  of  the 
Chapter  House  and  St.  George's  Chapel  at 
Windsor  were  rushed  through  are  as  follow  : 
Until  the -year  1344  Edward  III.  ftadbeen 
building  the  Round  Tower  at  Windsor 
which  was  (according  to  W.  J.  Loftie.,- 
'  Windsor  Castle,'  p.  58)  "built  in  haste," 
though  never  finished,  the  work  being, 
evidently  interrupted  by  the  departure  of 
the  King  and  his  army  for  the  renewal  of  the 
French  war  in  1345  which  culminated  in 
the  battle  of  Crecy.  On  his  return  work 
was  not  resumed  on  the  Round  Tower ;  the 
king  whilst  away  had  evidently  changed  hi& 
mind,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  year  1348 
founded  the  Order  of  the  Garter.  In  August 
of  that  year  the  Black  Death  appeared  in 
England  and  rapidly  spread  and  was  at  it& 
worst  in  the  second  half  of  1349.  "Seeing 
that  "  (as  stated  in  a  proclamation  issued 
the  same  year),  "a  great  part  of  the  people 
and  principally  of  labourers  and  servants  is 
dead  of  the  plague  "  (Warburton,  '  Edw.  III.' 
p.  142)  all  building  was  at  a  standstill.  The 
newly  formed  order  had  therefore  no  place 
in  which  to  meet.  The  king  "seeing  the 
necessity  of  masters  and  the  scarcity  of 
servants  who  will  not  work  unless  they 
receive  exorbitant  wages  "  (ibid.)  had 
therefore  not  only  to  obtain  labour  by  force 
but  to  pay  wages  in  excess  of  his  own  2nd 
Statute  of  Labourers  (February,  1350-51).. 
By  these  mean/?  (again  to  quote  W.  J. 
Loftie)  "the  original  chapel  of  St.  George,, 
like  the  Round  Tower,  was  very  rapidly  and 
hastily  erected  "  ('Windsor  Castle,'  p.  155)r 
and,  as  MR.  LE  COUTEUR  shows,  in  less  than 
fifty  years  more  men  were  impressed  to 
repair  it,  so  that  it  must  quickly  have 
fallen  into  a  very  dilapidated  condition. 
For  the  decoration  of  the  Chapel  glass- 
painters  and  decorators  likewise  had  to  be 
impressed,  and  the  power  to  do  this  required 
a  writ  empowering  the  holder  to  force  whom 
he  wished,  which  document  generally  con- 
tained a  clause  entitling  him  "  to  commit 
to  prison  all  rebellious  subjects  therein  to 
stay  until  they  find  security  to  serve  faith- 
fully," or  some  similar  clause.  Moreover^ 
the  word  "impress  "  (as  a  reference  to  the 
'N.E.D.'  shows)  always  has  the  sense  of 
compulsion  and  frequently  of  force  ren- 
dered necessary  through  haste.  Thus,. 
Hamlet, — "Such  impresse  of  Ship-wright& 


12  s.  viu.  FEB.  ae,  K)2i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


whose  sore  Taske  Do's  not  diuide  the  Sunday 
from  theweeke;"  and  the  example  which 
MB.  LE  COUTEUB  gives  of  Henry  V. 
forcibly  impressing  army  surgeons  when  an 
appeal  to  the  patriotism  of  the  gilds  had 
proved  a  failure,  supplies  another  instance. 
Such  means  are  absolutely  without  parallel 
in  the  whole  history  of  window-making. 
Moreover,  the  St.  Stephen's  Chapel  accounts 
and  those  for  the  Chapter  House  and  St. 
George's  Chapel  at  Windsor  given  in  the 
late  Sir  William  St.  John  Hope's  'Windsor 
Castle  '  prove  that  the  time  expended  on 
the  work  was  extraordinarily  short.  There 
were  three  separate  and  distinct  series  of 
windows.  The  first,  those  for  St.  Stephen's 
Chapel,  were  done  between  June  20  and 
Nov.  28,  1351,  i.e.,  in  approximately  six 
months.  The  second  for  the  Chapter  House, 
Windsor,  were  begun  early  in  March,  1352, 
and  finished  before  Whitsunday  which  in 
1352  fell  on  May  27,  that  is  in  less  than 
three  months.  The  St.  George's  windows 
were  begun  on  June  11,  1352,  arid  finished 
some  time  after  Michaelmas,  thus  taking  six 
months^ r  so  to  do.  As  practically  the  same 
staff  of  artists  was  employed  we  may  assume 
that  the  work  was  of  the  same  quality 
throughout,  and  if  we  may  judge  from 
published  drawings  of  fragments  of  the 
St.  Stephen's  glass,  the  work  was  of  an 
elaborate  character.  Considering  the  primi- 
tive .nethods  of  cutting  glass  and  firing  it 
then  available,  it  is  remarkable  that  the 
work  could  be  done  in  the  time.  The  items 
quoted  by  MB.  LE  COUTETJB  from  the 
accounts  for  1353  are  for  making  packing 
cases.  The  glass  itself,  however,  according 
to  Sir  William  St.  John  Hope  had  been 
finished  for  some  time  during  which  it  was 
"kept  there  (i.e.,  at  Westminster)  until  the 
following  March  when  it  was  sent  to  Windsor 
and  set  up  in  the  chapel  windows  "  ('Wind- 
sor Castle,'  i.  p.  143). 

4.  My  suggestion  (made  with  all  diffi- 
dence) that  the  east  window  of  Great 
Malvern  Priory  representing  the  Passion  of 
Our  Lord  might  possibly  be  a  later  work  of 
Thornton's  was  founded  upon  the  remark- 
able similarity  in  the  details  of  this  window 
to  those  in  the  St.  William  window  at  York, 
notably  in  the  sleeves  tight  on  the  forearm 
with  three  buttons  below,  furred  round  the 
cuff  and  puffed  above  the  elbow;  in  the 
chaplets  of  leaves  with  "owche  "  in  front 
worn  by  some  of  the  male  figures,  and  in  the 
thickness  of  the  traced  lines  in  shadow 
parts  such  as  under  the  eyelids  and  under 
the  tip  of  the  nose.  (For  a  minute  and 


learned-  description  over  one  hundred 
fifty  pages  in  length  see  the  late  Dr.  James 
Fowler's  paper,  Yorks.  Arch&ol.  Journalr 
vol.  iii.)  The  little  figures  in  the  canopy 
shafts  are  certainly  characteristic  of  much 
of  the  work  of  the  York  school,  but  they  are 
by  no  means  universal  and  are  only  intro- 
duced where  there  was  room  for  them. 
Thus  of  the  hundred  and  five  panels  in  the  St.. 
William  window  only  the  five  panels  of 
donors  contain  figures  in  the  she/f  tings-. 
These  figures  are  also  to  be  seen  in  work 
far  removed  from  York,  e.g.,  at  Altenberg' 
in  Germany.  JOHN  A.  KJSTOWLES. 


TERCENTENARY    HANDLIST     OF 
NEWSPAPERS. 

(12  S.  viii.  38,  91;    see  vii.  480.) 
ONE    of    MB.    ROLAND  AUSTIN'S    criticisms- 

of    Mr.    J.    G.    Muddiman's    «  Handlist  ' 

the  suggestion  that  that  he  "  might  well 
have  asked  publicly  for  assistance  in  com» 
piling  lists " — appears  to  a  fellow-student 
of  the  newspaper  not  quite  sound.  Had 
Mr.  Muddiman  taken  this  course  he  would* 
surely  —  unless  his  collaborators  had  all 
been"  students  already  familiar  with  his 
main  sources  of  information,  the  British 
Museum  collections — have  been  overwhelmed 
by  a  tremendous  mass  of  data  already  under 
his  hand,  the  checking  and  collating  and 
sifting  of  which  would  have  made  his  task 
even  more  laborious  than,  it  has  already 
been.  The  method  he  has  adopted,  of  invit- 
ing collaboration  after  the  publication  of  his 
'Handlist,'  is  really  the  better  one,  as  it 
avoids  any  overlapping  of  research,  and 
provides  only  for  additions  which  actually 
do  supply  gaps  in  his  consecutive  summary 
of  newspaper  history.  No  student  and  lover 
of  the  old  newspaper  can  be  too  grateful  for 
that  summary,  or  for  the  help  and  stimulus 
of  all  Mr.  Muddiman's  work  in  this  wide 
field  of  research. 

The  following  list  slightly  supplements  the 
«  Handlist.'  I  hope,  later,  further  to  supple- 
ment and  annotate  it — and  particularly  to 
ante-date  many  provincial  papers  already 
included — by  comparison  with  a  large  collec- 
tion in  private  hands,  for  the  moment 
inaccessible. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  H.  Tapley  Soper  for 
access  to  notes  for  an  as  yet  unpublished 
history  of  Trewman's  Exeter  Flying  Post. 

PART  I.— LONDON. 

1743.  The  British  Intelligencer,  nr  Universal' 
Advertiser.  No.  10,  May  23.  (Salisbury 
Museum.) 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vin.  FEB.  26, 1921. 


1803.  Le  Miroir  de  la  Mode.  Vol.  i.,  Jan. -Dec. 
(Victoria  and  Albert  Museum.) 

PART  II.— PROVINCIAL. 

1771  The  Maryborough  Journal.  No.  2,  April  5, 
1771 — July  2,  1774.  (Marlborough.)  See 
paper  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Slade  irj  Wilts 
Archaeological,  &c.,  Magazine.  tVol.  xl. 

1352.  The  Original  Letters  of  Smith,  Brown,  Jones 
and  Robinson.  To  the  Inhabitants  of 
Salisbury  and  Wilton.  No.  1,  June  12— 
No.  5,  July  10. 

1854.  The  Salisbury  Times  and  Wiltshire  Mis- 
cellany. No.  1,  Nov.-  4. 

1877.  The  VViltshire  Telegraph.  No.  1,  Jan.  13— 
in  progress.  (Devizes.)  See  paper  by 
Mr.  J.  J.  Slade,  us  above. 


Page  of  Handlist. 

33  (1) 


NOTES. 


The  Present  State  of    Europe.      Vol.  ii., 
No.  11,  Nov.  1691.    (Writer's  collection.) 
33  (2)    The  Flying  Post.    No.  4428,  Apr.  7-9, 1720. 

( Writer 's  collection . ) 
50(1)     Evans' and  Ruff's  Farmers' Journal.      For 

Ruff  read  Ruffy. 

217  (1)  The  Bristol  Post- Boy,  etc.  No.  281,  Mar. 
20,  1708;  No.  287',  Sept.  10,  1709;  and 
No.  340,  Aug.  26,1710.  In  the  possession 
of  Miss  Georgina  Taylor,  of  Bristol. 
219  (1)  and  224  <  2)  The  Salisbury  Journal.  No.  58, 
July  6,  1780.  Last  number  of  first  issue. 
In  the  possession  of  Messrs.  Bennett 
Bros ,  Salisbury. 

- 

bnry  and  Winchester  .Journal,  Dec. 
1772— in  progress.  See  7>aper  by  Mrs. 
Herbert  Richardson  in  Wilts.  Archaeo- 
logical, etc.  Magazine,  Vol.  xli. 

224  (2)    The  Devizes  and  Wiltshire  Gazette.     This 

was  originally  Simpson's  Salisbury 
Gazette  and  Wilts,  Hams,  Dorset  and 
Somerset  Advertiser.  No.  },  Jan.  4, 
1816- July  1819.  Continued  as  The 
Devizes  and  Wiltshire  Gazette.  July 
1819-Nov.  1 1,  1909.  See  paper  by  Mr. 
J.  J.  Slade  in  Wilts.  Arch  geological  ^.etc. 
Magazine,  Vol.  xl. 

225  (1)     Trewman's  Exeter  Flying  Post.     This  was 

originally  The  Exeter  Mercury  or  West- 
Country  Advertiser.  No.  l\  Sent.  2, 
1763— No.  97.  Continued  as  The  Exeter 
Evening  Post  or  The  West  Country 
Advertiser,  .No.  98,  July  11,  1765"; 
and  as  The  Exeter  Evening  Post  or  The 
Plymouth  and  Cornish  Courant,  No.  99, 
July  _18,  1765— No.  210.  Continued  as 

mth 


The  Exeter  Evening  Post  or  Plymouth 
and  Cornish  Advertiser.  No  211,  Sept 
18,  1767 — No.  292;  and  as  Trewman's 
Exeter  Evening  Post  or  Plymouth  and 
Cornish  Advertiser,  No.  293,  Apr.  28, 
3769 — No  379.  Continued  as  Trewman's 
Exeter  Flying  Post  or  Plymouth  and 
Cornish  Advertiser.  No.  380,  Dec.  28, 
1770  (with  various  slight  modifications  of 
title,  such  as  occasional  dropping  of 
*  Trewman's  '  and  final  dropping  of 


sub  titles)  to  Apr.  21,  1917.  the  last  issue. 

(  V7ery   complete   files   in  Exeter  Public 

Library). 

240  (1 )    Trowbridue  Advertiser.    No.  1 .  May  6.  1854. 
243  (2)    S \vindon  Advertiser.    No.  1,  Feb.  6,  1854. 

XOBAH  RICHARDSON. 

PART  II  —PROVINCIAL.    ADDITIONS  (Boi/rox). 
1813.    Bolt  on  Herald.    No.  J,  May  1,  date  of  cessa- 
tion unknown. 
1823.    Bolton  Express  and  Lancashire  Advertiser. 

July  5,  1823  to  June  26,  1827. 
Bolton  Reflector.     No.  1-19,  July  12  to  Nov. 
22,  J823. 

1830.  .Bolton  Literary  Journal.    Vol.  1,  1830-1. 

1831.  Working   Man's  Friend.    No.  1-14,  Feb.   1, 

1831.  to  April  14,  1832. 

1848.  Bolton  Band  of  Hope  Messenger.  1848  to  1880. 

1849.  Farn worth   and    Kersley    Moral    Reformer. 

No.  1.  March,  1849. 
1851.     Bolton   Protestant  Association.      No.    1-12, 

3851. 
Bolton  Bee.  No.  1-12,  June,  1851  to  May,  1852. 

1853.  The  Boltonian.     No  1-3,  1853. 

1855.  Bolton  Monthly  Advertiser.  No.  1-26,  May, 
1854  to  June,  1856 

1858.  Bolton   Examiner.     Dec.  30,   1858.     Ceased 

publication  in  1862. 
Chirps  from  the  Robin.    No.  1,  Nov.  13, 1858. 

1859.  Bolton  Independent.    -Oct.  8.  1859  to  Jan  21, 

1860.  Continued  as  Bolton  Guardian  Jan. 
28,  1861)  to  Dec.  31,  1892.  Incorporated 
with  Bolton  Journal  May  27,  1893.  In 
"  progress. 

1864.  Rechabite  Magazine.  Jan.  1864.  (Was  still 
issued  in  1886). 

1871.  Bolton  Weekly  Journal.  Nov.  4.  1871,  to 
May  20,  1S93.  Continued  as  Bolton  Jour- 
nal' and  Guardian,  May  27,  1893.  lu 
progress. 

1874.  Bolton  Free  Christian  Church  Record.  No. 
1-4,  1874. 

1877.    Journal  Budget.     Vol.  1,  1877. 

1881.    Phonetic  Reporter.    Jan.,  1881  to  Dec.  1882. 

1854.  Bolton   Standard.     May  3,  1884,  to  Dec.  5, 

1885. 

1885.  Warbler  and  Football  Reporter.  Aug.  29  to 
Dec.  12.  18*5. 

1887.     TheBrifH.    Nc.  1-12,  1887-9. 

1890.  Bolton  Co-operative  Record.  1890.  In  pro- 
gress. 

Labour   Light.      1890.      Continued    as   The 
Leader. 

1894.  Bolton  Evening  Echo.  No.  1-54,  June  4  to 
Aug.  Hi,  1S94. 

1896.  Bolton  Review.  Vol.  1,  1898-7.  Continued 
as  The  Lancashire  Review. 

1899.  Bolton  District  Congregationalist.  In  pro- 
gress. 

1905.  Bolton  Municipal  Officer.     1905-1913. 
Bolton,  Bury.  Leigh,  and  District  Deaf  and 

Dumb  Society  Quarterly  News.     1905. 

1906.  Guild  of  Help  Magaz  ne.    1903-1914. 

1907.  Bolton  Churchman.    No.  1-12,  Nov.,  1907  to 

Nov.  1908. 

1904!.    Green  Final.     Sept.,  190%  to  Dec.,  1917. 
1910.    Supers.    Vol.  1,  1910.     In  progress. 
1912.     Popular  Science  Monthly.    No.  1-11,  Jan.  to 

Nov.,  1912. 


•12  s.  viii.  FEB.  20, 1021.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


227  1 

227  I 

:234  2 

235  2 

538  2 

233  1 

-254  1 

.62  1 


277    2 
-289    1 


312  2 
314  2 
Index. 


CORRECTIONS. 

Voice  of  Truth.  Commenced  Clitliproe, 
Jnru,  1830  Published  ai  Koltuii,  Feb., 
1831,  to  Dec ,  1833. 

Bolton  Chronicle.  Commenced  Oct.  9, 
1824.  Ceased  publication,  Dec.  22,  1917. 

Bolton  Advertiser  July,  1848  t<>  -Inly, 
1900  Was  known  as  Mackie  s  Advertiser 
until  Angus'-,  1851. 

British  Temperance  Advocate.  Com- 
menced Bolton.  July,  1849. 

Winterburju'H  Advertiser.  Commenced 
January  I.  !854.  and  ceased  pnnie  year. 

Bowtun  Luminary.     1852  to    862. 

Bolton  Kve«iiig  Ne\vs.  AJarch  ]9,  1867- 
In  progress. 

Frti-nwortli  Observer,  18RO  1o  !873-  Con- 
tinued as  Farn  worth  Weekly  Journal 
and  Observer,  187'^.  In  progress. 

Bolt.on  Daily  Cnronic^-.  C«>ramenced 
Sept.  8,  1SG8.  Ceased  publication  Dec.  22, 
1917. 

Football  FieH.    Ceased  public  ition  1015. 

Bolton  Express  Full  tille.  Bol.ron  Express 
and  County  Kifcctive  A^vertisei. 

Bolton  Star,  jNo.'l  to  5G  June  5,  1891 
to  June  2,>.:1"92. 

Bolton  (:J:-iznite.  Ceased  publication  after 
a  few  numbers. 

Farnwnrtli  Chronicle.  Ceased  publication 
D-c,  1917. 

Bol'-on  Catholic  lit- raid.  No.  1  issued 
1894. 

Bolton  Citizeri.  Index  states  page  320; 
should  be  p. -me  322. 

ARCHIBALD  SPASKB. 


ROYAL  BRITISH  BANK  (12  S.  viii.  ISO).  — 
was  founded  in  1840  and  suspended  pay- 
ment in  September,  1856.  The  chief  pro- 
jector and  original  Governor  of  the  bank 
was  John  McGregor,  31.  P.  for  Glasgow,  who 
died  soon  after  the  closing  of  the  b&nk  and 
so  escaped  prosecution.  The  directors  (ex- 
cept McGregor  and  another  who  had  fiecl 
the  country  to  avoid  arrest)  were  tried  for 
•conspiracy  to  defraud  and  convicted  in 
February,  1858,  together  with  the  manager  , 
Hugh  Innes  Cameron.  They  were  sentenced 
to  various  terms  of  impr;  .uong 

them  were  Humphry  Brown,  M.P.  for 
"Tewkesbury,  Richard  Hartley  Kennedy, 
Alderman  of  London,  and  Henry  Dunning 
Macleod,  author  of  a  \vork  on  the  '  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Banking  '  and  of  a  text  -book 
of  Political  Economy,  and  also  of  .°,  '  History 
of  Banking  in  Great  Britain.'  There  is  R.TI 
article  on  Mr.oleod  in  the  second  supple- 
ment of  the  'D.N.B.'  in  which,  no  reference 


...is  ma.de  to   his  connexion  with  !]'••• 
I  British  Bank.      Ih    v-;;s  son-in-law  of  (' 
von.     McGregor,  who  was  a  \vry  strong  Free 
'Trader,  (as   were   Brown   and  Macleod)  luvl 

"been  one  of  the  two  Permanent  Secretaries 


to  the  Board  of  Trade  and  had  much  to  do 
with  the  preparation  of  Sir  Robert  Peel's 
measure  for  the  repeal  of  the  Corn  Laws. 
I  believe  he  was  the  "  Popkins  "of  "  Pop- 
kins'  Plan  "  on  which  Disraeli  poured  ridicule 
in  his  speech  on  the  third  reading  of  the  bill. 
A  full  account  of  the  trial  of  the  directors 
will  be  found  in  Morier  Evans'  '  Facts, 
Failures,  and  Frauds,'  pp.  268-390. 

ALFRED  B.  BE  A  VEX. 
Leamington. 

The  Royal  British  Bank  failed  on  Sept.  3, 
1856  ;  some  directors  brought  to  trial, 
Feb.  27,  1858.  See  'Annals  of 'our  Trials,' 
by  J.  Irving,  under  these  dates. 

E.  C.  A.-L. 

Sm  ROBERT  BELL  OF  BEATPRE  (12  S. 
vi.  39  ;  vii.  178,  414,  475).— I  am  grateful  to 
MR.  BEDWELL  for  asking  my  authority  for 
my  statement  regarding  "  Robert  Bell  of 
the  Temple  "  in  12  S.  vii.  414.  As  a  result 
of  further-  scrutiny  of  some  papers  I  find 
that  the  records  of  the  College  of  Arms  and 
of  the  Temple  do  not  quite  tally  with  regard 
to  the  Robert  Bell  referred  to.  From  the 
records  in  the  former— which  was  -  the 
principal  authority  for  my  statement — it 
appears  that  the  arms  "  Sa.,  on  a  chevron 
between  three  church  bells  ar.  as  many 
lion's  heads  couped  gu."  were  granted  by 
•oatent  in  1560  to  "Robert  Bell,  of  the 
Temple,  London,  son  of  William  Bell  of  co. 
York."  These  were  not  the  arms  borne  by 
Sir  Robert  Bell  of  Beaupre,  which  were 
"Sa.,  a  fesse  erm.  between  three  church 
bells  ar."  There  were  thus  two  Robert 
Bells  of  the  Temple  about  that  time.  MR. 
BEDWELL  asserts  that  this  was  not  the  case, 
and  I  think  the  solution  lies  partly  in  the 
fact  that  "  Robert  Bell,  late  of  Lyons  Inn, 
Gent.,"  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  on  July  13,  1571.  Lvon's  Inn  was 
one  of  the  Inns  absorbed  by  the  Inner 
Temple.  Sir  Robert  Bell,  Cliief  Baron  of 
the  Exchequer,  was  a  member  of  the  Middle 
Temple.  But  even  now  the  question  is  not 
solved  for  in  the  patent  of  arms  granted  to 
Robert  Bell  in  1560  he  is  described  as  "of 
liic  Temple,"  whereas  the  Robert  Bell, 
formerly  of  Lvon's  Inn,  was  not  admitted 
to  the  Inner  Temple  until  1571.  It  would, 
appear,  therefore,  either  that  one  Robert 
Bell  has  been  lost  sight  of  in  the  Temple 
records  ;  or  that  Sir  Robert  Bell  had  two 
grants  of  arms.  Doubtless  the  College  of 
Arms  could  throw  light  on  this  point.  I 
regret  that  I  wrote  "Hertfordshire"  where 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  20, 1921. 


I  should  have  written  "Huntingdonshire" 
as  being  the  county  in  which  Robert  Bell  of 
the  Temple  (and  formerly  of  Lyon's  Inn) 
was  settled.  He  lived  at  Leighton  in  that 
comity,  and  inquiries  in  all  the  usual  sources 
of  information  have  failed  to  discover 
whether  he  had  any  issue,  or,  indeed, 
whether  he  was  married. 

H.  WILBERFORCE-BELL. 

"  SUCH  AS  MAKE  NO  MusiCK"  (12  S.viii,131). 
— It  may  be  noted  with  interest  that  the 
above  phrase,  in  conjunction  with  the  one 
immediately  proceeding  it  in  the  original 
("lean  subjects"),  is  practically  a  para- 
phrase from  Shakespeare's  much  quoted 
description  of  Cassius  in  '  Julius  Caesar  '  : — 

Let  me  have  about  me  men  that  are  fat ; 
Sleek-headed  men,  and  such  as  sleep  o'nights  : 
Yond'  Cassius  has  a  lean  and  hungry  look  ; 

Would  he  were  fatter  !   but  I  fear  him  not : 
Yet  it"  my  name  were  liable  to  fear, 
I  do  not  know  the  man  I  should  avoid 
!So  soon  as  that  spare  Cassius. 

he  loves  no  plays, 
As  thou  dost,  Anthony  ;  he  hears  no  music  : 

Act.  I.,  scene  ii.,  line  192,  &c. 

BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

THE  GREEN  MAN,  ASHBOURNE  (12  S. 
viii.  29,  77, 113, 157). — It  may  be  of  interest  to 
mention  that  The  Ashbourne  News  of  the  llth 
inst.  has  a  long,  illustrated  description  of 
the  annual  game  of  football  as  played  in 
the  streets  of  the  town  on  Shrove  Tuesday. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

THE  HONOURABLE  MR.  (12  S.  viii.  110).— 
I  append  for  what  it  is  worth  the  explana- 
tion that  I  have  heard  given  in  Ceylon  of 
the  introduction  of  the  "Mr."  into  the  title 
assigned  to  certain  officials  in  the  Crown  and 
other  Colonies. 

When  the  late  King  Edward  VII.  made 

his  visit,  as  Prince  of  Wales,  to  Ceylon  in 

1875,   he   was   struck   with   the   number   o 

supposed  sons  of  peers  who  were  presented 

to  him.     He  kept  asking  what  noble  family 

each  respectively  represented,  and  on  being 

informed    that     the     honorific     merely     in 

dicated    that    they    were    members    of    the 

Executive     or     Legislative     Council,     gave 

instructions    that     in    future    their    official 

designations    were    to    include    the    title    of 

"Mr."    so  as  to  distinguish  them  from  the 

sons  of  peers  in  whose  titles  it  is  not  included. 

But  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  this  story 

has  been  invented  to  account  for  a  change 

which  has  certainly  been  distinctly  made  in 


all  official  documents  e.nd  publications,  but 
of  which  the  origin,  having  never  been  dis- 
closed, is  not  known  to  the  general  public. 

I  am  confirmed  in  this  view  by  the  f act- 
that  originally,  up  to  the  thirties  or  forties- 
of  last  century,  the  full  designation  of  every 
official  who  bore  the  title  of  Honourable  was 

"The  Honourable  Esquire"    (see  the 

Gazettes  and  Almanacs  of  the  period). 

PENRY  LEWIS. 


A  WAKE  GAME  (12  S.  viL  406  -  viii.  05).— A* 
a  child  in  Dublin,  I  well  remember  playing 
'  Jenny  Jones '  in  Merrion  Square.  My 
recollection  is  that  we  played  in  a  ring,  with 
one  child  in  the  centre,,  but  I  think  we  all 
sang  together. 

We  've   come  to  see  Jenny  Jones,  Jenny  Jones,. 

Jenny  Jones, 
We've  come  to  see  Jenny  Jon^s,  how  is  she  to-day 

Oh,  Jenny  Jones  is  dying,  is  dying,  is  dying. 
Jenny  Jones  is  dying,  so  what  shall  we  wear 
Oh,  red  is  for  the  soldiers,  the  soldiers,  the  soldiers^ 
Kbd  is  for  the  soldiers,  so  that  will  not  c?o  ! 

Oh  !  blue  is  for  the  sailors,  &c. 
ih  !  black  is  for  the  devil.  &c. 

Oh  ;  white  is  for  the  angel*,  the  angels,  the  angels,, 
White  is  for  the  angels,  so  that  will  just  do  !: 

C.  B.  E. 


CAPT.  COOK  :  MEMORIALS  f!2  S,  viii.  132).. 
- — London  can,  I  think,  boast  of  only  two, 
viz.,   the   bronze   statue   by   Brock   ®rected 
near  the  Admiralty  Arch  in   1914  ;   and  a 
tablet   commemorative  of  residence  affixed 
by  the  London  County  Council  in  1907  to 
Mile    End    Road.  "  There    i*     a   bronze 
statue  by  Mr.  John  Tweed  which  the  late 
Lord  Beresford  unveiled  at  Whitfey  in  1912,. 
a   gift  to   the   town  by  the  Hon.    Gervase 
Beckett,    M.P.     There"  is    a    tablet    in    St. 
Andrew's  Church,   Cambridge,  with  a  long- 
inscription  to  the  memory  of  the  navigator 
and   several  other  members  of  >iis  family. 
There   is    a   monument   to    his   memory   at 
Great   Ayton   in   Yorkshire,   where   he   was- 
partly   educated,    erected   in    1827    and   re- 
stored in  1895.     Another  monument  stands 
on  one  of  the  small  islands  in  Lord  Temple's 
gardens     at   Stowe :   and   in  the   garden  at 
Mereville,    erected    by    La    Borde    is    ' 
tombeau    de    Cook,"    with    bas    reliefs    of 
savages,  broken  columns,  and  funerary  urns. 
There  was  a  monument  to  Capt.  Cook  for 
many  years  at  Manby  Hall,  midway  between 
Brigg   and    Scunthorpe    (Lincolnshire),   but 
I  believe  it  is  now  little  more  than  a  ruin, 
Cook  stayed  there  just  prior  to  embarking; 
on  his  last  voyage.     Probably  the  finest  and'- 


las. VIET. FEB. ao,  1021.1    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


177 


-roost  imposing  memorial  is  the  bronze 
statue  by  Woollier  in  Hyde  Park,  Sydney, 
anveiled  by  Sir  Hercules  Robinson  when 
<  Governor  of  Xew  South  Wales.  At  Chalfoiit 
St.  Giles,  Bucks,  Admiral  Sir  Hugh  Palliser, 
.a  great  friend  of  Cook's,  erected  a  brick 
building  with  a  pedestal  in  front  of  it  "To 
•Captain  James  Cook,  the  ablest  and  most 
renowned  navigator  this  or  any  other 
•country  hath  produced."  Lastly,  there  is 
an  obelisk  in  Owhyhee,  erected  by  Lord 
Byron  and  the  officers  of  the  Blonde  on  the 
-pot  where  Cook's  body  was  burned.  It  is 
.a  cross  of  oak  ten  feet  in  height  with  this 
inscription .: — 

Sacred 

to  the  Memory  of 

Captain  James  Cook,  R.N., 

who   discovered  these   islands 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1778. 

This  humble  monument  is  erected 

by  his  Countrymen 
in  the  year  of  our  "Lord  1825. 

WILLOUGHBV  MAYCOCK. 

THE  OLD  HORSE  GUARDS  BUILDINGS 
12  S.  vii.  232,  258;  viii.  58).— The  London 
Magazine,  or  Gentleman's  Monthly  Intelli- 
•gencer,  vol.  xxiii.,  February.  1754,  published 
.an  engraving  of  '  The  New  Buildings  for  the 
Horse  Guards  '  with  the  following  paragraph 
ii  the  opposite  page  : — 

"The  apartments  for  the  Horse  Guards  at  the 
•entrance  of  S1  James's  Park,  over  against  the 
.Banqueting  House,  Whitehall,  having  been  lately 
rebiiilt  in  an  elegant  and  grand  manner,  we  have 
thought  tir,  to  present  our  readers  with  a  per 
spective  VIEW  oi  the  same,  as  hereto  annexed." 

J.  R.  H. 

SCOTT'S   'LEGEND  OF  MONTRQSE  '   (12  S 
viii.    129).— 4.  Mr.   H.   F.   Morland  Simpson 
in  his  edition  (Cambridge,  1896)  notes  tha 

iro,  pt.  1,  p.  65,  of  his  '  Expedition  ' 
"commences  his  'Sixteenth  Observation  'with  th 


words  :    '  when  cannons    are 


and    bullet 


Hying,  he  that  would  have  honour  must  not  fear 
(l.yi'>g',  perhaps  an  accidental  jingle,  which  caugh 
»Scott's  ear," 

According  to  this  Scott  would  have  ad 
i^trd  the  words  to  form  the  first  two  lines 
which  differ  in  chap.  vi.  and  xii.,  and  adde 
thf  two  others  quoted  in  the  latter  chapter. 
T>.  In  the  edition  by  Mr.  \V.  Keith  Leas 
..1 '.)!>:})  these  lines  are  said  to  have  bee 
attributed  on  good  authority  to  Capt 


Whoever    made    them,     there    is     muc 
by   in  their   form,    due   picsum.-.bly    t 
••.•nisi nis^ion.     The  version  which  Scot 
in   the  "Highland  Widow,'  chc,p.  i., 


not    the    same,   as  that   in  the    '  Legend  of 
Montrose,'  and  neither  of  these  agrees  with 
the  quotation  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  life  of  Wacle. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THE  SENTRY  AT  POMPEII  (12  S.  viii.  131). 
— The  story  has  somehow  attached  itself  to 
the  tomb    of   Marcus  Cerriiiius  Restitutus, 
just  outside  the  Porta  Ercolanese.     A.  J.  C. 
Hare    gives    it,    with    two    mistakes    in    the 
jelling  of  Cerriiiius,  on  p.  212  of  his  '  Cities 
f  Southern  Italy  and  Sicily'  (1883),  where 
le  speaks  of 

a  vaulted  niche,  in  which  the  fully-armed  skeleton 
:  a  soldier  was  found.  He  was  evidently  on 
uard  at  the  neighbouring  gate,  and.  faithful  to 
is  trust,  only  took  shelter  here  from  the  burning 
lower,  whilst  his  fellow  citizens  were  escaping. 

But  the  greatest  authority  on  Pompeii  in 
lis  day,  the  late  Prof.  August  Mau,  wrho 
was  responsible  for  the  account  of  Pompeii 
n  Baedeker's  '  Unter-Italien  und  Sizilien,' 
leclarecl,  p.  148,  13th  eel.,  that  the  legend, 
ike  so  many  stories  about  Pompeii,  was  an 
nvention. 

The    ill-informed    are    still    called    on    at 
imes  to   believe  that  the  town  was  over- 
whelmed by  a  stream  of  lava  ! 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

In  1865  the  late  Sir  Edward  Poynter, 
afterwards  P.R.A.,  exhibited  in  the  R.A. 
a  painting  called  '  Faithful  unto  Death,.' 
which  is  now  in  the  Walker  Gallery  at  Liver- 
pool, representing  a  Roman  soldier  in  full 
irmour,  awaiting  his  fate  at  his  post,  amid 
the  dead  and  dying.  Marc  Monnier,  *  Pom- 
pei  et  les  Pompeiens  '  ( '  Tour  du  Monde,' 
1864)  at  pp.  415,  416,  as  reported  by  W.  H. 
Davenport  Adams,  '  Pompeii  and  Hercu- 
laneum  '  (1881),  at  pp.  268,  271,  says  : — 

"In  1863, under  a  mass  of  ruin,  the  excavators 

discovered  an  empty  space,  at  whose  bottom  some 
bones  were  discernible.  They  immediately  sum- 
moned M.  Fiorelli  to  the  spot,  -who  conceived  a 
felicitous  idea.  He  caused  some  plaster  to  be 
poured  while  liquid  into  the  hole,  and  the  same 
operation  was  renewed  at  other  points  where 
similar  bones  were  thought  to.be  visible.  After- 
wards the  crust  of  pumice-stone  and  hard  ashes, 
which  enveloped,  as  in  a  shroud,  the*e  objects, 
having  been  carefully  removed,  before  the  eye 
were  revealed  the  skeletons  of  four  human  corpses. 
You  may  see  them  now  in  the  Museum  at  Naples.* 

The  fourth  body  is  that  of  a  man  of  uigantic 

stature.  He  has  filing  himself  on  his  back  to  die 
bravely  ;  his  arms  and  legs  are  straight  and  im- 
movable. His  clothes  are  very  sharply  defined, 
the  tunic  which  once  was  new  arid  brilliant,  the 
sandals  (*<>/<•  a <•)  laced  to  the  feet,  with  the  iron 


.—They  are  not  now  at  Naples,  but  in  the 
Museum  at  Pompeii. — J.  B.  W. 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  FEB.  26, 1921 


nails  that  fastened  the  wooden  soles  still  plainly 
discernible.  <Jn  the  bone  of  one  ringer  he  wears  a 
ring  of  iron  ;  his  rnouih  is  open,  and  some  teeth 
are  wanting ;  his  nose  and  cheek-bones  are  boldly 
marked  ;  the  eyes  and  hair  have  disappeared,  but 
the  mustache  remains.  There  is  a  martial  and 
resolute  air  in  this  line  corpse." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CARDINAL  DE  ROHAN  CHABOT  (12  S. 
viii.  110). — According  to  L.  Lalanne's  '  Dic- 
tionnaire  historique  de  la  France  '  (Paris, 
1872),  p.  1574,  he  was  born  in  1788  (order  of 
names  L.  F.  A.),  was  chamberlain  of  the 
Princess  Pauline,  then  of  Madame  Murat, 
and  finally  of  Napcleon,  succeeded  1816 
his  father  as  Due  de  R-.-C.,  and  became  a 
widower  in  1815.  Next  a  cavalry  colonel, 
he  took  Hcly  Orders  (1822),  and  became 
successively  Archbishop  of  Auch  and  soon 
after  of  Besan£on  (both  in  1828)  and  Car- 
dinal, 1830,  dying  in  1833.  W.  A.  B.  C. 

Grindelwald. 

There  is  a  portrait  of  "L.  F.  A.  le  Due 
de  Rohan-Chabot,  Prince  de  Leon,  Arche- 
veque  de  Besancon  et  Cardinal  "  in  the 
Cathedral  House  of  the  diocese.  There  is 
in  existence  a  lithograph  print  of  it  (taken 
about  the  time  of  his  death  in  1833),  and 
woodcuts  appeared  in  some  of  the  French 
illustrated  periodicals  of  the  period. 
,  The  Cardinal-Duke,  who  was  born  at 
Paris,  1788,  escaped  as  an  infant  with  his 
parents  to  England  at  sthe  beginning  of 
the  French  Revolution.  His  ancestors  in- 
cluded the  famous  Admiral  de  Chabot 
(feeigneur  de  Brion),  who,  according  to  Pere 
Mathieu  de  Goussencourt  in  his  '  Histoire 
Celestine  '  (unpublished  Mb.  in  the  Bibl. 
de  1' Arsenal,  No.  42  H.I.)  : — 
"  flit  inhume  le  5  juillet  1545  dans  I'e'glise  du 
convent  des  Celestins  ou  est  sa  representation 
de  marbre  blanc  au  natural." 
It  was  he  who  gave  the  idea  of  the  Colony  of 
Canada.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

Louis  Francois  Auguste,  grandson  of 
Lieut. -General  Louis  Antoine  Auguste,  Due 
de  Rohan-Chabot  (1753-1807),  was  bom  in 
Paris  in  ,1788,  and  died  at  Chenecey,  near 
Besancon  in  1833.  As  Comte  de  Rohan- 
Chabot  he  was  chamberlain  to  Napoleon's 
sister  Pauline,  the  Priiicipessa  Borghese 
whom  Canova  has  handed  down  to  posterity 
as  long  as  his  marble  lasts  as  Venus  Victrix. 
(As  to  this  statue  see  A.  J.  C.  Hare's  '  Walks 
in.  Rome'  (15th  edn,  1000),  ii.  296.) 

Eventually    he    became    chamberlain    to 
Napoleon  hi  .n self,  but,  as  a  good  Catholic, 


resisted  the  treatment  meted  out  to- 
Pope  Pius  VII. ,  whom  he  visited  at  Fon- 
bainebleau.  This  resulted  in  the  Comte  d& 
Rohan-Chabot  being  forced  to  leave  France. 
He  returned  to  Paris  in  1814  as  Prince  de- 
Leon.  In  1816  he  succeeded  his  father  as- 
Due  de  Rohan-Chabot,  and  Peer  of  France.. 
Very  shortly  afterwards  his  wife  was  burnt 
to  death.  In  1819  he  entered  the  College 
of  Saint  Siilpiee,  arid  he  was  ordained  priest 
In  1822.  Almost  at  once  he  was  given  a- 
Janonry  at  Notre  Dame,  and  became  \icar- 
General  to  the  Archbishop  of  Paris.  In 
1828  he  was  consecrated  to  the  Arch- 
bishopric of  Auch.  Be  exchanged  this  see 
Eor  that  of  Besar^on  that  same  year  ;  and 
in  1830  he  was  created  a  Cardinal.  His- 
statue  (by  Clesinger)  is  to  be  seen  in  hia 
Cathedral  Church  of  St.  John  at  Besancon. 
He  declined  to  recognize  Louis  Philippe  as 
King,  and  so  ended  his  days  in  obscurity. 
Most  of  the  above  facts  are  taken  from. 
'Ncuveau  Larousse  Illustre,'  vii.  355. 

JOHN    B.    AVAINEWRIGHT- 

ASKELL  (12  S.  vii.  409,  513;  viii.  75).— 
This  name  occurred  in  Lancashire  at  any 
early  period.  Baines  in  his  '  History  of 
Lancashire,'  vol.  ii.  p.  581,  referring  to  the 
history  of  Cockersand  Abbey,  says  : — 

"  The  earliest  notice  of  this  house  appears  to- 
be  in  the  charter  of  William  de  Lancaster,  who 
granted  to  Hugh,  a  hermit,  the  place  Askelcros 
and  Crok,  \vith  his  fishery  upon  Loyne,  to  main- 
tain a  hospital." 

F.  CROOKS. 

"FRANCKiNSENCE"(12S.viii.29,72, 115).-— 
The  cases  of  post-Reformation  use  of  incense- 
in  the  English  Church  have  been  examined  in 
detail  by  Mr.  Dibden,  Q.C.,  in  his  speech 
before  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  and 
York  at  Lambeth  during  their  inquiry  into 
the  legality  of  incense,  in  May,  1899.  The 
speech  together  with  that  of  Mr.  Ewington. 
and  Prof.  Collins  who  also  addressed  the 
Court  was  published  at  the  time  by  Messrs. 
Spottiswoode  &  Co.  W.  AVER. 

Primrose  Club,  Park  Place,  St.  James's,  S.W.I. 

The  "interesting  book"  quoted  in  the 
newspaper  extract  on  p.  72  must  have  been 
"  A  Faithful  Account  of  the  Processions  and 
Ceremonies  observed  at  the  Coronations  of 
the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England ...» 
edited  by  Richard  Thomson.  ..  .London, 
Major,  1820,"  Svo  ;  at  pp.  9  and  41  of 
which  are  the  passages  given ;  and  the 
folding  frontispiece  of  which  shows  the 
groom  of  the  vestry  carrying  a  "  perfuming 


12  S.  VIII.  FEB.  26,  1921.]      NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


179 


pan,"  as  the  newspaper  correspondent  terms 
it.  This  frontispiece  is,  in  all  essentials,  a 
reduced  copy,  with  direction  of  the  figures 
reversed,  of  a  large'  copperplate  print, 
37  in.  by  22  in.  "  colected  [sic]  from  Sand- 
ford  and  other  best  Authorities,"  depicting 
the  coronation  procession  of  James  II.,  and 
showing  the  groom  of  the  vestry  carrying 
a  fumigating  appliance  more  primitive  in 
form  than  that  shown  in  the  volume  of  1820. 
No  date  is  upon  this  large  print,'  which  is 
lettered,  "Printed  and  sold  by  Thomas 
Bowles  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  and  Jno. 
Bowles  &  Son  at  ye  Black  Horse  in  Corn- 
liil  [sic]."  Bowles  of  the  Black  Horse  was  an 
early  employer  of  William  Hogarth  as  an 
engraver,  ?«nd  the  latter  may  have  himself 
cut  this  coronation  procession  of  1685,  as 
the  print,  from  its  appearance,  was  probably 
issued  circa  1720.  W.  B.  H. 

COWPEB  :  PRONUNCIATION  or  NAME  (12  S. 
viii.  110). — In  a  deed  of  1662,  William  Powle 
is  described  as  "citizen  and  cowper " 
(cooper).  W.  BRADBBOOK. 

ATTTHOK  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  132).— *  Seasonable 
Hints  from  an  honest  Man  on  the  Present  Crisis 
of  a  New  Reign  and  a  New  Parliament,'  62  pp., 
London,  1761,  was  written  by  John  Douglas  (1721- 
1807).  It  is  an  exposition  of  the  sentiments  of 
Pulteney,  Earl  of  Bath,  to  whom  it  has  been 
ascribed.  Douglas  was  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and 
wrote  various  political  pamphlets  under  Bath's 
direction,  and  in  1763  took  part  with  Johnson  in 
the  detection  of  the  Cuck-Lane  Ghost.  There  is 
a  notice  of  him  in  *  D.N.B.' 

ARCHIBALD  SPARK  E. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED.— 

(12  S.  viii.  91.) 

3.  Sir  Edwin   Arnold,  K.C.I.E.,  wrote   a  poem 
called  '  Destiny,'  which  begins  :— 
'Somewhere  there  waiteth  in  this  world  of  ours,' 
However,  1  do  not  know  in  which  volume  of  his 
Doems  it   is    to   be   found.     It  is  not  in   'Poems 
National  and  Non-Oriental'  (1888). 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


The  Manor  of  Hawkesbury  and  its  Oicners.  BJJ, 
the  Rev.  Henry  Lyttelton  Lyster  Denny. 
(Gloucester,  John  Bellows). 

THE  present  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Hawkesbury 
and  Upton  is  Sir  Anthony  Banks  Jenkinson,  13th 
Baronet,  born  in  1912,  who  at  the  age  of  three  suc- 
ceeded his  grandfather,  the  12th  Baronet,  in  1915. 
To  him  this  family  history  is  addressed,  in  memory 
of  his  father  Capt.  John  Banks  Jenkinson  who 
went  oui  to  France  with  the  first  Expeditionary 
force  and  fell  at  the  Aisne  in  September,  1914.  It 
is  principally  a  pedigree,  from  which  three  or  four 
characters  stand  out  conspicuously,  and  in  which, 
as  a  whole,  the  genealogist  will  find  his  account. 


Anthony  Jenkinson,  the  merchant  and  traveller  of 
Elizabeth's  day,  the  first  Englishman  to  make  his 
way  to  Central  Asia,  makes  an  impressive  appear- 
ance at  the  head  of  the  line.  He  journeyed  much 
in  Russia,  and  treated  face  to  face  more  than  once 
with  the  Tsar.  The  Baronetcy  dates  from  the 
Restoration  ;  the  wife  of  the  first  Baronet  \vas  the 
daughter  of  the  heroic  lady  who  defended  Corfe 
Castle  for  Charles  I.  Sir  Charles  Jenkinson,  the 
7th  Baronet,  was,  in  179(1,  created  Earl  of  Liverpool 
— a  politician  and  something  of  a  verse-writer, 
whose  son,  the  2nd  Earl  was  the  Tory  Prime 
Minister  of  a  century  ago.  With  the  death  of  the 
third  Earl  and  ninth  Baronet  without  male  issue 
the  Baronetcy  went  to  his  first  cousin  Charles, 
elder  brother  of  the  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  whose 
son  succeeded  him. 

Hawkesbury  is  a  parish  in  Gloucestershire — the 
old  Manor  House  of  which  was  for  centuries  the 
residence  of  the  Jenkinsons.  However,  a  tragedy 
— it  would  seem  in  the  late  seventeenth  or  early 
eighteenth  century— caused  them  to  abandon  it. 
A  daughter  of  the  Baronet  of  the  day  fell  in  love 
with  the  son  of  a  neighbouring  Roman  Catholic 
family.  Her  father  forbade  their  marriage,  but 
allowed  the  lover  to  come  and  say  good-bye.  The 
girl,  leaning  from  the  window  to  wave  farewell, 
overbalanced  herself,  fell  out  and  was  killed. 
Years  later  Hawkesbury  was  lent  to  the  young 
mother  of  the  Prime  Minister,  for  change  of  air 
after  her  child's  birth  ;  she  died  on  her  journey 
thither,  and  her  body  was  brought  to  the  house, 
which  soon  afterwards — bein^c  made  gloomy  by 
such  sad  associations— was  pulled  down. 

The  Church  at  Hawkesbury  contains  numerous 
memorials  of  the  Jenkinson  family,  and  is  of 
considerable  interest  also  as  a  fabric.  The  foun- 
dation dates  from  Saxon  times,  and  every  period 
thereafter  is  represented.  It  had  been  consider- 
ably defaced  at  and  after  the  Reformation  in  the 
usual  manner,  but  since  1882  its  restoration  has 
been  taken  in  hand. 

The  book  is  lavishly  illustrated  with  portraits. 

Charles  Lamb  :  Miscellaneous  Essays.  Edited  by 
Hamilton  Thompson.  (Pitt  Press,  6s.  net.)* 
AFTER  eight  years'  interval  another  volume  has 
been  added  to  the  Cambridge  series  of  the  writings 
of  Charles  Lamb.  It  should  serve  in  the  first 
place  as  a  timely  reminder  of  its  predecessors. 
The  '  Essays  of  Elia  '  as  Mr.  Thompson  presented 
them  in  1913  satisfied  the  sense  of  fitness  proper 
to  a  self-respecting  reader.  The  size  and  type 
were  right,  the  evidence  of  editorial  scholarship 
complete  yet  not  obtrusive.  There  have  been 
more  elaborate  editions  and  their  popularity 
showed  they  were  suited  to  the  public  taste 
But  the  true  lover  of  Elia  is  intolerant  of  illus- 
tration or  adornment,  he  is  an  epicure  and  resents 
untimely  seasoning  of  fare  that  is  perfect  in  its 
in1ur.il  s^.-ile.  Tin-  twin  volumes  of  1913  were 
designed  for  him,  and  from  him  their  new  com- 
panion is  stecure  of  welcome. 

Admiration  for  the  diction  of  the  Essays  does 
not  by  an  nu-ans  imply  a  love  of  Elia ;  he  makes 
his  indefinable  appeal  to  an  instinct  that  may 
exist  in  the  un-lettered  and  be  lacking  hi  the 
rtwter-stylist.  None  can  be  familiar  with  his 
work  and  remain  unconscious  of  his  personality 
and  unless  we  desire  1.»  be  ail  mil  led  to  his  con- 
fidence the  secret  of  his  charm,  is  hidden  from.  u». 


ISO 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12 s.  vni.FEB.2o,  1021. 


His  humour  indeed  is  so  ceaseless  a  play  on 
personal  experience  that  the  individual  and  the 
man-of -letters  can  never  be  detached  and,  as 
among  his  contemporaries  there  were  some 
KThomas  Carlyle  was  one  of  them)  who  had  no 
liking  for  the  individual,  so  in  these  present  days 
we  may  pay  homage  to  his  English  and  take  no 
pleasure  in  his  Essays.  He  said  that  it  was 
Shakespeare's  method  to  write  "  to  make  the 
<reader  happy."  He  was  animated  by  a  like 
benevolent  intention ,  but  he  added  to  it  the 
satisfaction  of  a  natural  craving.  Isolated  by  the 
tragic  conditions  of  his  life  his  demand  for  sym- 
pathy was  expressed  in  the  best  of  his  essays — 
for  to  those  who  love  him  the  best  are  those  that 
hold  the  most  soliloquy.  Dreams,  ambitions, 
disappointments,  and  self-condemnation,  memo- 
ries of  childhood  and  fear  of  death,  all  the 
intimate  revelation  of  himself  that  a  man  will 
snake  to  the  one  nearest  to  him  was  made  by 
EHa  to  his  unknown  lovers.  It  is  the  Essays 
that  admit  to  intimacy,  and  to  his  intimates  the 
Miscellaneous  Essays  of  Charles  Lamb  are 
indispensable. 

The  first  twelve  in  the  present  volume  appeared 
before  their  writer  borrowed  the  name  of  a  com- 
panion and  Elia  became  known  in  the  literary 
world.  The  criticism  (or  eulogy)  of  Hogarth  is 
the  most  celebrated,  and  that  on  the  fitness  of 
Shakespeare's  tragedies  for  the  stage  is  charac- 
terized by  the  quality  of  boldness  which  makes 
Charles  Lamb  so  delightful  a  companion  in  a 
library.  His  own  joy  in  reading  is  never  more 
evident,  and  appreciation  of  that  joy  (which  may 
Dimply  participation)  is  the  first  essential  to  under- 
-  standing  of  him  as  he  lived  and  thought  and 
wrote.  Face  to  face  with  such  a  tragedy  as 
breaks  the  barriers  of  established  custom  a  man 
.will  choose  for  sacrifice  that  which  he  values 
most.  The  event  that  blackened  life  for  Lamb 
summoned  him,  as  he  thought,  to  relinquish  what- 
ever stood  for  happiness.  Under  that  stress  he 
wrote  to  Coleridge  he  would  have  no  more  books. 
-The  book- lover  stands  confessed  in  that  decision. 

Considerable  light  on  the  detail  of  his  wide 
reading  and  retentive  memory  is  thrown  by  the 
Xotes  to  this  volume  and  to  its  predecessors. 
They  are  worthy  of  study. 

French  Furniture  under  Louis  XVI.  and  the 
Empire.  By  Roger  de  Felice.  Translated  by 
F.  M.  Atkinson.  (Heinemann,  4s.  Qd.  net.) 
THIS  volume  is  the  last  of  the  series  of  "  Little 
Illustrated  Books  on  Old  French  Furniture." 
We  recommend  it  to  our  readers'  notice  with 
great  pleasure.  The  one  criticism  we  would  make 
is  that  the  illustrations — in  themselves  admirably 
chosen — are  hardly  large  enough  and  in  several 
<•  xses  not  clear  enough  to  give  an  adequate  notion 
•of  details.  A  few  drawings  or  photographs  of 
detail  would  have  been  both  acceptable  and 
useful. 

It  is  amusing  to  reflect  on  philosophy  as  modi- 
Diving  the  shapes  of  tables,  chairs  and  chests. 
From  Louis  XV.  furniture,  through  that  of 
Louis  XVI.  to  the  Empire,  we  follow  not  merely  a 
change  of  fashion  but  a  change  of  ideal.  Furni- 
ture must  be  adapted  to  the  new  classical  severity. 
The  right  angle  and  the  straight  line,  formerly 
avoided,  are  now  more  than  tolerated.  The 
'house,  instead  of  presenting  the  pleasant  assem- 
blage of  delightful  things  which,  on  the  bad  days 


of  a  northern  climate,  can  compose  and  exhilarate 
the  mind  as  successfully  as  a  garden  may  on  fine 
ones,  takes  on  the  aspect  suitable  for  countries 
where,  in  general,  enjoyment  is  to  be  found  out  of 
doors,  and  the  interior  becomes  the  place  for 
work,  sleep  and  the  storing  of  one's  possessions. 
The  historical  side  of  the  matter  must  also  be 
emphasized.  People  occupied  with  the  example 
of  ancient  heroes  will  make  such  furniture  as 
those  heroes  might  suitably  use.  You  could  not, 
as  oxir  author  wittily  contends  imagine  Leonidas 
"  stark  naked,  his  sword  between  his  legs  and  on 
his  head  his  great  casque  with  its  flowing  horse-  hair 
crest  "  looking  anything  but  ridiculous  seated 
on  the  flowered  brocade  of  a  Louis  XV.  bergere. 

M.  Felice  writes  charmingly  and  the  translator, 
on  the  whole,  does  him  justice.  Though  only 
professing  to  give  a  short  summary  of  his  subject, 
and  setting  out  such  matters  as  belong  to  a  text- 
book for  beginners,  M.  Felice  shows  himself  s<» 
copious,  displays  learning  of  so  enthusiastic  a 
complexion,  and  possesses  so  good  a  knack  of 
infusing  life  into  his  subject,  that  it  is  quite 
possible  to  read  and  remember  these  pages 
simply  as  a  literary  essay. 

A  few  of  the  illustrations  chosen  have  his- 
torical interest  ;  we  may  mention  the  humble 
cane-seated  chair,  lyre-backed,  and  with  a  fluted 
fillet  across  the  front  below  the  seat,  which  was 
Marie  Antoinette's  seat  in  her  cell  at  the  Con- 
cierzerie. 

There  are  some  good  notes  on  the  choice  of 
furniture  for  modern  houses  conformable  to  tl 
Louis  XVI.  style  of  architecture  and  decoratior 
now  prevalent. 


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181 


LONDON,  MARCH  5,  1521. 


CONTENTS.— No.  151. 

'NOTES  •  —  Among  the  Shakesp^re  Archives :  John 
Shakespeare  as  Chamberlain.  181— Nathaniel  Field's 
Work  in  the  "  B*aumonfc  and  Fletcher"  Plays,  183- 
Fit-ldine's  Pamphlet,  'The  Female  Husband,'  184— An 
English  Army  List  of  1740,  185-William  Challinor: 
Birth  Centenary  of  a  Dickens'  Link,  186— English  Slaves 
in  Barbary:  Tavern  Sign,  the  Turkey  Slave,  187- 
Marriages— Nuns  and  Dancing,  183. 

••QUERIES  :— The  O'Flaherty  Family.  Kings  of  Connanght, 
188— St  James's,  Bury  St.  Edmunds— Cheval  or  Chevall 
Family— Thomas  Chudleigh,  Envoye  to  the  Hague,  1682- 
85— George  Frank  of  Frankenau,  189— Francis  Boyce  — 
Tavern  Sign  :  The  Brentford  Tailor— Churches  of  St. 
Michael— The  Fisherman's  "Indian  Grass"— "Colly  my 
Cow"— John  and  Charles  Thomas  Brooks— Culben  Sands 
—A  Proverb  about  Eating  Cherries,  190— "Death  as 
Friend  "- 52nd  Regiment  of  Foot  —  Foundlings  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century— William  Langham— "The  Empire" 
—A  Motto  of  Erasmus— Giuseppe  Parini— Capt.  Smith, 
Founder  of  Jesus  Chapel -Rev.  William  Loe,  B  D.— 
Tutoiement,  191— Parliament  Hill— Authors  Wanted,  192. 

'REPLIES  :—"  The  Sword  of  Bannockburn  "— John  Bear, 
Master  of  the  Free  School  at  Ripon— "  Auster  "  Land 
Tenure,  192— Dr.  R.  J.  Culverwell— The  Packership  of 
London— Wat,  Tyler,  193— Ma j. -Gen.  the  Hon.  William 
'  Herbert— Wilson,  Ranger  of  the  Himalayas— New  Style, 
]9t— Charles  II.  and  the  Smith  Family— Yew-trees  in 
Churchyard*-Dome*tic  History  of  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury—Norrons  in  Ireland— William  and  Ralph  Sheldon— 
Gouger,  195— Bont£—  A  Coachman's  Epitaph— Kinema 
or  Cinema?— Alliances  of  Allen  Family— London  Coffee 
Houses,  Taverns  and  Inns  in  the  Eighteenth  Century.  196 
—  Hazebrouck  —  Suggested  German  Source  of  'Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor  '—Archbishop  John  Williams's 
'Manual'— Wideawake  Hats— Covill.  197— Volans— The 
Pancake  Bell— Capt.  Cook  :  Memorials— Representative 
County  Libraries.  198— Route  through  Worcestershire,  199. 

NOTES  ONT  BOOKS  :— '  The  Year  Books '— '  Later  Essays, 
"  1917-1920 '  —  '  Le     Comique  et  la  Signification '  —  '  Our 

Clapham  Forefathers.' 
.Notices  to  Correspondents. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  83,  124,  146.) 
JOHN  SHAKESPEARE  AS  CHAMBERLAIN. 
On  Oct.   3,   1561,  John    Shakespeare  was 
'sworn     Chamberlain     of     the     borough     of 
/Stratford  with  John  Taylor,  the  shearman 
of    Sheep    Street,    as    his    senior    colleague. 
John  Taylor  was  his  old  fellow-Constable  of 
1558-1560.     The  oath  they  took  was  very 
much  as  follows  : — 

"  We  shall  be  faithful  and  true  officers  unto  our 
master  the  bailiff,  diligent  of  attendance  at  all 
times  lawful,  obedient  to  his  commandments  and 
•ready  to  do  his  precepts.  We  shall  improve  the 
livelihood  belonging  to  the  commonalty  of  this  town 
to  the  most  behoof  of  the  same,  and  the  tenements 
•  thereof  we  shall  well  and  sufficiently  repair  during 
-our  office.  And  we  shall  well  and  truly  charge  and 
•discharge  ourself  of  all  lands'  rents  belonging  to  this 


town  arid  of  all  other  money  as  shall  come  to  our 
hands  belonging  unto  the  commonalty  of  this  town, 
and  thereof  a  true  account  shall  yield  up  unto  the 
auditors  assigned  in  the  end  of  our  year,  and  all 
other  things  lawful  that  belongeth  or  pertaineth  to 
our  officers  well  and  truly  to  our  powers  we  shall 
do.  So  keep  us  God,  the  Holy  Evangel  and  the 
contents  of  this  Book  !  "* 

The  Bailiff,  whom  John  Taylor  and  John 
Shakespeare  promised  to  serve  was  the 
Welshman,  Master  Lewis  ap  Williams,  iron- 
monger in  High  Street.  The  Head  Alderman 
was  Master  Robert  Perrott  the  brewer,  who 
had  just  lost  his  wife.  John  Taylor's  Account 
for  the  year  Michaelmas  1561  to  Michaelmas 
1562,  is  a  bare  statement  of  receipts  and 
expenses.  Master  William  Court  receives 
3Z.  6s.  8rf.  as  Steward,  Richard  Symons  10s. 
as  Town  Clerk  (the  c  trice  brought  him  other 
fees  and  professional  employment  as  a 
lawyer  and  a  scrivener),  William  Smart  the 
Schoolmaster  161  ;  the  assistant  master,  who 
was  William  Gilbert  alias  Higges,  4Z.  ; 
Richard  Godwin  for  looking  after  the  two 
clocks,  at  the  Market  Cross  and  Chapel  (he 
tolled  the  bells  at  the  Chapel),  16s. ;  and  the 
acting  Chamberlain,  20s.  A  new  inmate  in 
the  Almshouse,  with  the  interesting  but  not 
uncommon  name  in  Stratford  of  Hamlet  (it 
is  variously  spelt  Hamlet,  Hamolet,  Amblet, 
Hamnet),  pays  2s.  6d.  for  his  admission. 
Payments  to  the  clergy  did  not  pass  through 
Taylor's  hands — they  were  made  direct  to 
Master  Bretchgirdle  (20L),  and  to  his 
assistant,  apparently  the  married  priest, 
Rafe  Hilton,  who  was  in  such  straits  in 
Mary's  reign,  (10^,  by  the  farmer  of  the  late 
College  tithes,  Alderman  Smith  the  mercer. 
But  the  rent  of  "the  Vicar's  House,"  24s., 
w  as  paid  by  the  Chamberlain.  The  Account 
was  presented  and  passed  on  Jan.  24,  1563. 
We  have  only  the  official  copy  made  by 
Symons.  It  is  signed  at  the  back  by  John 
Taylor  with  his  cross,  for  himself  and  his 
colleague. 

Entries  in  Bret  engird!  e's  registers  for  the 
year  of  John  Taylor's  acting  Chamberlain- 
ship  call  for  notice  :  the  baptism  on  Nov.  16, 
1561,  of  Richard  Field,  son  of  Henry  Field 
the  tanner  in  Back  Bridge  Street,  the  future 
friend  of  William  Shakespeare  and  publisher 
of  his  '  Venus  and  Adonis  '  and  '  Lucrece  ' ; 
on  Nov.  18  of  a  son  of  Master  Rafe  Hilton  ; 
on  Feb.  18,  1562,  of  a  son  of  John  Bretch- 
girdle's  kinsman,  John  Grantham  ;  on  Mar.  1 
of  a  son.  of  the  assistant  schoolmaster, 
William  Gilbert  alias  Higges  ;  on  May  13 
of  a  daughter  of  William  Smith,  haberdasher 

*  Adapted  from  the  oath  taken  at  Leicester. 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.viii.MABCH5.i92i. 


in  Henley  Street ;  on  May  23  of  John,  son 
of  Nicholas  Lane  ;  and  on  Sept.  17  of  Gieza 
otherwise  Joyce,  daughter  of  Master  William 
Clopton  ;  the  burial  on  Mar.  2  of  Mistress 
Agnes  Jeffreys,  wife  to  Alderman  Jeffrey 
of  Sheep  Street,  and  the  marriage  on  June  21 
of  Nicholas  Barnhurst  and  Elizabeth  Bain 
ton,  daughter  to  the  late  Lawrence  Bainton 
and  step -daughter  of  Adrian  Quyny. 

Henry  Field,  the  father  of  Richard,  may 
have  been  brother  to  John  Field  of  Tan 
worth.  *  He  was  settled  in  Stratford  before 
Nov.  1556,  when,  it  will  be  remembered 
John  Shakespeare  sued  him  for  barley  un 
delivered.  His  wife  was  named  Ursula 
They  had  a  daughter  Margery,  born  about 
1557,  and  a  son  Rafe,  baptized  on  Jan.  26 
1560.  Nicholas  Barnhurst  was  a  yeoman 
and  woollen-draper,  living  in  Sheep  Street. 
He  probably  came  from  Wotton  Wawen. 
Like  his  wife's  step-father  he  was  a  Puritan 
but  more  obstinate  and  quarrelsome. 

In  October,  1562,  John  Shakespeare 
entered  on  his  year  as  acting  Chamberlain, 
his  colleague  John  Taylor  taking  the 
passive  part.  Humfrey  Plymley  was  Bailiff 
and  Adrian  Quyny  Head  Alderman.  We 
will  summarise  the  events  of  the  twelve- 
month chronologically. 

On  Sunday,  Nov.  22,  Thomas  Barber 
married  Mistress  Harbage,  widow  of  Francis 
Harbage,  the  furrier.  Entering  into  the 
late  Alderman's  business,  perhaps  his  late 
master's,  he  began  to  prosper.  He  may 
have  come  from  Drayton,  where  he  had  a 
brother,  Richard.  Widow  Harbage  bore 
him  no  children  but  brought  him  two  sons 
and  two  daughters  by  her  first  husband. 
Barber,  who  was  a  yeoman  as  well  as  a 
skinner,  had  two  tenements  side  by  side  in 
Rother  Market,  for  which  he  paid  13.9.  4c?. 
rent,  and  two  barns  by  Bankcroft  at  13s.  4df. 
a  year.  He  became  a  leading  man  in 
Stratford  and  a  gentleman. 

A  few  days  after  this  wedding,  on  Wednes- 
day, Dec.  2,  John  Shakespeare  took  a  second 
daughter  to  the  Parish  Church  to  be  christ- 
ened. The  ceremony  differed  in  several 
respects  from  that  of  four  years  previously. 
It  was  Protestant  instead  of  Catholic, 
Bretchgirdle  and  not  Dyos  officiated,  the 
service  was  entirely  in  English  and  at  the 
font,  the  anointing  was  omitted,  and  the 
minister  concluded  with  an  exhortation  to 
the  godparents  to  call  upon  the  child,  "  so 
soon  as  she  shall  be  able,"  to  hear  sermons. 
This  second  baby- Shakespeare  (the  first, 


*  The  conjecture  of  Mr.  T.  Kemp  of  Warwick. 


Joan,  was  probably  living)  was  named 
Margaret,  no  doubt  after  her  mother's  sister, 
Margaret  Arden,  wife  of  Alexander  Web  be,, 
now  living  in  John  Shakespeare's  old  home 
at  Snitterfield. 

In  January,  1563,  John  Shakespeare  sued 
Richard  Court  alias  Smith,  for  a  debt.  The 
case  was  settled  out  of  court  by  arbitration,, 
as  we  learn  from  the  entry  in  the  Court  of 
Record  Roll  of  Feb.  3  :  Actio  debiti  inter 
Johannem  Shackspere  et  Ricardum  Court 
concordata  per  arbitramentum.  Extra. 

On  Sunday,  Jan.  31,  there  was  another 
interesting  wedding  at  the  parish  church — 
of  Thomas  Rogers  and  Margaret  Pace. 
Thomas  Rogers  is  a  man  to  bear  in  mind. 
He  was  a  butcher  in  Com  Street,  and  builder 
in  his  old  age  of  the  fine  timber-house 
erroneously  called  "Harvard  House."  His 
first  wife,  whose  name  we  do  not  know,  bore- 
him  a  child,  Anne,  who  lived  to  womanhood,, 
and  in  September,  1562,  a  second  child, 
Margaret,  who  died  two  months  afterwards- 
The  mother  died  before  or  shortly  after  this; 
second  child's  baptism  on  Sept.  24.  Rogers' 
second  wife,  Margaret  Pace,  was  daughter  of 
Richard  Pace,  a  farmer  in  Shottery.  She 
bore  him  nine  children  in  the  course  of 
seventeen  years.  By  a  third  wife,  whom  he 
married  in  1581,  Thomas  Rogers  became- 
grandfather  of  John  Harvard,  who  was  the 
founder  in  1638  of  Harvard  University. 
But  no  Harvard  had  to  do  with  the  building 
of  Thomas  Rogers'  house  in  1596. 

As  Chamberlain  John  Shakespeare  was 
concerned  in  the  leasing  of  a,  number  of  town 
properties  in  the  spring  of  1563.  Three  of 
these  were  in  Henley  Street — a  house  to 
Widow  More,  a  house  to  Roger  Greene  a- 
miller,  and  a  house  to  Gilbert  Bradley  the 
glover.  The  last  was  three  doors  from  the 
Chamberlain's  own,  next  to  Richard  Hornby's 
smithy,  a  dwelling  of  eight  small  bays  or 
gables  rented  at  21s.  per  annum.  Friend- 
ship had  nothing  to  do  with  these  lettings, 
for  in  each  case  the  lease  was  a  renewal. 

On  Apr.  30  John  Shakespeare  buried  his 
recently  baptized  infant,  Margaret.  She 
did  not  live  to  "hear  sermons."  John 
Bretchgirdle  read  over  her  grave  the  words  in 
:he revised  Order  for  the  Burial  of  the  Dead: 
"He  cometh  up  and  is  cut  down  like  a 
lower. " 

Happily  the  Chamberlain  was  busy.  He 
uperintended  the  felling  of  trees  in  the 
Churchyard  (which  had  now  a  new  sacred- 
less  for  him),  sold  five  trees  for  20s.  to 
Thomas  Barber,  and  two  elms  to  Richard 
the  woollen -draper  in  Wood  Street  for 


i2s.vm.MABCH6,i92i.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


183^ 


5s.,  and  had  other  trees  squared  and  sawn 
for  repairs  at  the  Vicar's  House  and  Chapel 
and  the  making  of  a  pinfold.  John  Bretch- 
girdle's  residence  was  overhauled — the  cen- 
tral chimney  was  rebuilt,  the  roof  retiled, 
wood-work  renewed,  and  the  ground-floor 
clayed  and  sanded — at  an  outlay  of  61.  15s.  5d. 
It  was  perhaps  during  the  "reparations" 
that  the  Vicar  took  the  lease  of  a  small  house 
in  Church  Street,  at  a  rent  of  Ss.  per  annum. 
The  pinfold  was  erected  in  Tinkers'  Lane  on 
land  belonging  to  the  Almshouse,  and  a  rent 
of  Sd.  a  year  was  henceforth  paid  to  the 
inmates.  The  Protestantising  of  the  Chapel 
was  in  hand  and  "images"  had  been 
"defaced  "  when  the  energetic  Chamber- 
lain's term  of  office  ended  in  October.  Not 
coming  under  episcopal  supervision,  the 
Gild  Chapel  had  been  left  in  statu  quo, 
probably  through  the  influence  of  the 
Cloptons  and  William  Bott  at  New  Place. 
John  Shakespeare  did  not  spare  it.  When 
the  frescoes  were  discovered  under  the 
whitewash  in  1804,  some  were  found  nearly 
in  a  perfect  state,  but  in  the  chancel  "many 
parts,  especially  the  crosses,  had  been 
evidently  mutilated  by  some  sharp  instru- 
ment through  the  ill-directed  zeal  of  our 
early  Reformers.  The  lower  compartment 
was  one  of  those  intentionally  mutilated — a 
cross,  an  altar  and  a  crucifix."  The  Cham- 
berlain may  not  have  handled  the  instrument 
but  he  had  the  directing  of  it.  Fortunately 
he  did  not  vent  his  zeal  upon  the  figures  as 
on  the  symbols.  He  claimed  in  his  old  age 
that  he  had  some  of  his  son's  humour,  and 
it  would  be  difficiut  to  believe  that  the  poet's 
father  failed  to  appreciate  the  little  horned 
and  winged  devil  in  one  of  the  frescoes 
wielding  a  very  sharp  instrument  on  the 
heads  of  the  "damned.  By  having  him 
whitewashed  John  Shakespeare  preserved 
him  for  our  enjoyment,  but  we  are  sorry 
that  his  son  never  saw  him. 

On  Oct.  6,  1563,  when  Geprge  Whateley 
was  sworn  Bailiff  and  Roger  Sadler  Head 
Alderman,  new  Chamberlains  were  ap- 
pointed in  the  persons  of  William  Tyler  and 
William  Smith  the  haberdasher.  John 
Shakespeare,  however,  was  requested  to 
continue  the  work  he  had  begun  and  he 
served  as  acting  Chamberlain  for  the  next 
twelvemonth.  He  concluded  the  reforma- 
tion of  the  Chapel,  taking  down  the  rood- 
loft,  and  providing  seats  for  the  minister 
and  the  clerk,  a  piilpit  and  a  communion- 
board.  The  officiating  minister  here  was  not 
Bretchgirdle  nor  his  curate,  but  the  School- 
master, William  Smart,  who  was  in  holy 


orders.  The  assistant  schoolmaster,  we 
must  note,  was  no  longer  William  Gilbert 
alias  Higges,  but  one  Allen,  whom  John 
Shakespeare  paid  41  "for  teaching  the 
children. ' '  G  ilbert  found  work  as  a  scrivener 
and  in  other  capacities  in  Stratford. 

EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 

(To  be  continued.) 


NATHANIEL   FIELD'S   AVORK  IN  THE 

"BEAUMONT  AND  FLETCHER  "PL  AYS., 

(See  ante,  p.  141,  164.) 

II. — 'THE  QUEEN  OF  CORINTH  ' 
(Acts  III.  and  IV.). 

This  play  is  by  three  authors,  Massinger,- 
Fletcher  and  Field,  Massinger's  part  being 
Acts  I.  and  V.,  Fletcher's  Act  II.,  and  Field's 
Acts  III.  and  IV.  All  the  critics  who  have 
discussed  its  authorship  recognize  that  it 
contains  work  that  cannot  be  either  Mas- 
singer's  or  Fletcher's.  Macaulay  ( '  Camb. 
Hist.  Eng.  Lit.,'  vol.  vi.),  and  Boyle  (New 
Shaks.  Soc.  Trans.,  1880-6,  p.  609)  attribute 
it  to  Massinger,  Fletcher,  and  a  third  author 
whom  they  do  not  identify,  though  Boyle, 
who  gives  III.  and  IV.  to  the  unknown 
author,  suggests  Field  as  a  possible  candi- 
date. Fleay  at  one  time  favoured  Middle- 
ton's  claim,  but  later,  in  his  '  Biographical 
Chronicle  of  the  English  Drama,'  he  cor- 
rectly assigned  these  acts  to  Field. 

Though  it  will  involve  some  repetition, 
I  propose  to  include  with  the  other  indica- 
tions of  Field's  hand  in  this  play  references 
to  its  connexions  with  the  first  two  of  the 
"Four  Plays  in  One"  already  noted,  in 
order  to  show  that  the  marks  of  Field  are 
sufficiently  numerous  throughout  Acts  III. 
and  IV.  to  justify  the  assumption  that  they 
are  entirely  his. 

Act  III. — In  sc.  i.  we  have  : — 

(i)  ....   the  lion  should  not 

Tremble  to  hear  the  bellowing  of  the  bull. 

paralleled  in  '  The  Triumph  of  Honour. ' 

(ii.)  Theanor,  the  vicious  son  of  the  queen 
of  Corinth  says  of  Euphanes,  whom  the 
Queen  favours  and  protects  :• — 

. . .  .like  a  young  pine 
He  grows  up  planted  under  a  fair  oak. 

Con  pare  II.  i.  of  *  The  Fatal  DowTy  '  where 
Ch&ialois,  distributing  his  father's  effects 
among  those  who  have  done  him  service, 


H84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.vni.MA*cH5,i92i. 


-commends   Romont,   to   whom   he   gives   a 
medal  of  the  dead  marshal!,  as  one 

. .  .  .that,  like 
A  hearty  oak,  grew'st  close  to  this  tall  pine. 

(iii.)  With  these  lines  from  the  speech  of 
Euphanes  immediately  preceding  the  Queen's 
-  entry  : — • 

Virtue's  a  solid  rock,  whereat  being  aim'd 
The  keenest  darts  of  envy,  yet  unhurt 
Her  marble  heroes  stand,  built  on  such  bases 
Whilst  they  recoil,  and  wound  the  shooters'  faces. 
Compare  these,  from  Seldom 's  speech  at  the 
end  of  II.  i.  of  '  Amends  for  Ladies  '  :— 

.  .even  as  dirt,  thrown  hard  against  a  wall, 
Rebounds  and  sparkles  in  the  thrower's  eyes, 
So  ill  words,  uttered  to  a  virtuous  dame 
Turn,  and  defile  the  speaker  with  red  shame. 

Tn  addition  to  these  three  passages,  note 
in  the  portion  of  the  scene  between  the  entry 
of  Euphanes  and  that  of  the  Queen,  the 
exclamations  "  pish  !  "  and  "  hum  !  "  "  ante- 
date," "transgress"  and  the  alliteration 
"arts  and  arms." 

In   sc.    ii.    there    is    the    figure   used   by 
Euphanes  : — 

I  came like  a  thankful  stream,  to  retribute 

All  you,  my  ocean,  have  enrich'd  me  with, 
which    occurs    again    in    the    Induction    to 
'The    Triumph    of    Honour,'    also    the    ex- 
.^clamation  "pish,"  the  adverb   "jocundly," 
and  the  adjective  "  antipathous. " 

Act  IV. — In  the  first  scene  I  find  no  note- 
worthy parallels  either  with  the  two   "  Tri- 
umphs "    or    Field's    acknowledged    plays; 
,but     "hum,"     "importune,"     and     "  inno- 
cency  "  may  serve  to  suggest  his  hand  here. 
There  are  no  parallels  either  for  the  short 
second  scene,  but  in  sc.  iii  (where  the  word 
'"innocency"    again    appears)    besides    the 
lines  : — • 

when  in  the  scales 

Nature  and  fond  affection  weigh  together, 
One  poises  like  a  feather, 
recalling  a  passage  in  '  The  Triumph  of 
Love,'  and  the  lines  in  Euphanes'  speech 
beginning  : — 

. .  .  .when  posterity 

Shall  read  your  volume  filled  with  virtuous  acts 
so    closely    paralleled    in     sc.    ii.    of     'The 
Triumph    of    Honour,'    we    have    Conon's 
description  of  the  Queen's  erratic  behaviour  : 
'  She  chafes  like  storms  in  groves,  now  sighs,  now 

And  both  sometimes,  like  rain  and  wind  commixt 
resembling  Ferdinand's  words  in  sc.  iii.  o* 
'  The  Triumph  of  Love  '  : — 
J  weep  sometimes,  and  instantly  can  laugh ; 
Nay  I  do  dancs  and  sing,  and  suddenly 
.  Roar  Wee  a  storm. 


In  the  fourth  and  final  scene  we  have  the 
exclamation  "pish";  and  (in  the  two  last 
~ines)  the  image  of  two  streams  flowing 
together  : — 

Nature's  divided  streams  the  highest  shelf 
>Vill  over-run  at  last,  and  flow  to  itself 

appears  again  in  '  The  Fatal  Dowry, '  II.  ii.  : — 

. . .  .let  these  tears  an  emblem  of  our  loves 
ike  crystal  rivers  individually 
?low  into  one  another,  make  one  source, 
Which  never  man  distinguish,  less  divide  ! 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES. 
Enfield. 

(To  be  continued.) 


FIELDING'S    PAMPHLET,    'THE 
FEMALE  HUSBAND.' 

WILBUB  L.  CROSS  in  his  '  History  of  Henry 
Fielding,'  1918,  closes  the  third  volume 
with  an  exhaustive  bibliography  of  Field- 
ing's writings.  Under  the  year  1746  (p.  313) 
there  is  one  entry  only  which  runs  : — 

The  Female  Husband  ;  or,  the  Surprising  History 
of  Mrs.  Mary  alias  Mr.  George  Hamilton  [who  was] 
convicted  for  marrying  [of  having  married]  a  young 
woman  of  Wells  [and  lived  with  her  as  her  hus- 
band. Taken  from  her  own  mouth  since  her  con- 
ftne'ment.  Quotation  from  Ovid  '  Metam.'  Lib.  1'2] 
London  :  -M.  Cooper  [at  the  Globe  in  Pater-noster 
Row]  1746.  Price  Sixpence. 

Dean  Cross  of  Yale  remarks  that  no  copy 
is  known,  and  that  he  includes  it  on  the 
authority  of  Andrew  Millar's  advertisement 
attached  to  Sarah  Fielding's  '  Cleopatra 
and  Octavia,'  published  by  him  in  1758, 
that  is  four  years  after  Fielding's  death. 

A  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  the 
purposes  of  another  subject,  has  very 
courteously  sent  me  a  bound  volume  of 
eighteenth-century  pamphlets  for  inspec- 
tion, and  I  have  therein  discovered  a  copy 
of  the  '  Female  Husband.'  The  full  title  of 
this  2 3 -paged  pamphlet  is  indicated  above, 
the  portions  within  brackets  not  appearing 
in  Cross's  citation  or  Millar's  advertisement. 
It  is  an  account  of  a  case  tried  at  Wells 
Quarter  Sessions  the  details  of  which  need 
not  detain  us,  but  it  is  bio  graphically 
interesting  as  after  arrest  we  read  that  the 
prisoner 

"  was  committed  to  Bridewell,  and  Mr.  Gold,  an 
eminent  and  learned  Counsellor  at  Law,  who  lives 
in  those  parts  was  consulted  with  upon  the  occa- 
sion, who  gave  his  advice  that  she  should  be  prose- 
cuted on  a  clause  in  the  Vagrant  Act  'for  having 
by  false  and  deceitful  practises  endeavoured  to  im- 
pose on  some  of  his  Majesty's  subjects.'  " 

Now  Henry  Gold  (1710-1794),  who  even- 
tually became  a  Judge  of  the  High  Court, 


128.  VIII.  MARCH  5,  1921.]    NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


185 


was  Fielding's  first  cousin,  and  both  were 
at  that  time  members  of  the  Western  Circuit. 
Gold's  home  was  at  Sharpham  Park,  the 
house  in  which  Fielding  was  born  in  1707, 
and  the  graphic  account  of  the  examination 
of  Mary  Price,  "  the  wife,"  by  Gold  leaves 
the  impression  that  Fielding  was  himself  in 
Court  seated  among  counsel.  It  is  therefore 
probably  true  that  the  particulars  of  the 
prisoners'  early  years  were,  as  stated  on  the 
title-page,  "  taken  from  her  own  mouth." 

The  story  is  vividly  told,  but  the  subject- 
matter  is  unedifying  despite  the  character- 
istic moral  reflections,  and  some  psychologic 
master  strokes.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  the  case  created  much  excitement  and 


enquiry,  and  Fielding,  then  a  widower  with 
children,  probably  saw  in  it  an  opportunity 
of  re-imbursing  himself  for  some  of  the 
expenses  of  travelling  the  circuit.  By  the- 
kindness  of  Messrs.  Spottiswoode,  Ballan- 
tyne  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  I  have  been  enabled  to 
examine  the  original  ledgers  recording  the 
printing  of  this  pamphlet,  and  it  appears 
that  in  November,  1746,  one  thousand 
copies  were  printed,  and  that  in  June,  1747, 
a  further  250  were  cast  off.  Does  the  latter 
entry  mean  that  Fielding  saw  his  way  to- 
disposing  of  further  copies  when  attending 
Wells  Assizes  the  following  year  ? 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTBO.. 
1  Essex  Court,  Temple. 


AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF  1740. 

(See  12  S.  ii.  passim;  iii.  46,   103,  267,  354,  408,  438;  vi.    184,    233,    242,    290,    329; 
vii.  83,   125,  146,   165,   187,  204,  265,  308,  327,  365,  423  ;  viii.  6,  46,  82.) 

The  next  regiment  (p.  74)  was  raised  in  February,  1694,  with  Sir  John  Gibson,  Kt.. 
(see  'D.N.B.'),  as  its  colonel.  It  was  disbanded  in  1698,  but  was  reformed  in  1702,  with. 
Gibson  as  its  colonel  again. 

Since  1751  it  has  been  successively  designated  : — 
The  28th  Regiment  of  Foot  1751. 

The  28th  (or  the  North  Gloucestershire)  Regiment  of  Foot  1782. 
The  Gloucestershire  Regiment  1881. 


Colonel  Bragg's  Regiment  of  Foot. 


Colonel 
Lieut. -Colonel 
Major 


Captains 


Captain  Lieutenant 


Lieutenants 


Philip  Bragg  (1) 
Alexander  Hutcheson 
Stephen  Downes 
Carlton  Whitlock  (2) 
John  Stan  wick  . . 
Isaac  Sailly 
Henry  Holmes   . . 
Folliott  Ponsonby  (3) 
Scott  Floyer 
Edward  Brereton 
Joseph  Capell  (4) 
/Denis  Sullivan  (5) 
Thomas  Tonge  (6) 
Robert  Innes 
J  Elias  Darrassus 
.  I  Henry  Cossard   .  . 
\  Daniel  Pinsun  (7) 

(Thomas  Wise     . . 
T  hoi  well  Powell 
John  Nugent 
-    William  Johnston 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions 

10  Oct.    1734 

4  Feb.   1730 
8  July  1737 

15  Mar.  1721 

5  Jan.    1723 
1  May   1724 

11  May   1727 

12  Feb.   1732 
8  July  1737 
1  May   1738 
8  July  1737 

28  Jan.    171(5 

23  Nov.  1717 

30  Nov.  1718 

18  Nov.  1721 

15  Mar.  1721/2 

1  May   1724 

4  July  1728 

1  July  1731 

10  April   1736 

8  July  1737 


Dates  of  their 
first  commissions* 
Ensign,    10  Mar  1701. 
ditto  1  July  1795.. 

Lieutenant,!  Mar.  1704.- 
Ensign,    29  Sept.  1719. 
ditto     '       1  April  1706. 
Lieutenant,  2  April  1706. 
Ensign,      1   Nov.  1721. 
Lieutenant,  16  April  1724. 
Ensi<jn,     10   Nov.  1710. 


Lieutenant,  5  Aug.  1712. 
Ensign,    23  June  1709. 
ditto  5  Aug.  1712. 

Lieutenant,  30  Aug.  1708.. 
Ensign,    31  Mar.  1718. 
ditto         23  Dec.    1707. 
ditto  5  April  1720. 

ditto      .     1   Nov.  1702. 
Lieutenant,  24  June  1710., 
Enxiyn,      3  Nov.  1717.    . 
ditto'  6  May   1721.  3 


(1)  See  '  D.N.B.'     He  held  the  Colonelcy  of  the  Regiment  from  1734  until  his  death  on  June  6^: 
1759  ;    Major- General,  July  5,  1743  ;    Lieut.-General,  Aug.  10.  1747. 

The  Regiment  earned' the  sobriquet  "The  old  Braggs  "  from  him. 

(2)  Major,  Feb.  10,  1740/1. 

(3)  Died,  1746. 

(-1)  Captain,  Feb.   10,   1740/1. 

(5)  Captain-Lieutenant,  February  10,  1740/1.     Died,  1747. 

(0)  Captain,  July  5,   1745.     Served  until  17C7. 

(7)  Captain,  Aug.   1,   1741. 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Colonel  Bragg's  Regiment  of  Foot 
(continued). 

Thomas  Buck  (8) 
Francis  Nesbett  (9) 
Roger  Holt 
Richard  Gibson . . 

^Ensigns        .:          ..  {Essex  Edgworth  (10) 
Richard  Hutch  eson 
Robert  Dalrvmple 
Loftus  Cliffc*       . . 
Robert  Cope 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 

9  Aug.  1722. 

5  Jan.    1723-4. 
. .      11  May   1727. 
..      12  Sept.  1729. 
..      13  Mar.  1732. 
. .      10  April  1736. 

1  May   1737. 

8  July  1737. 
..      27  Feb.    1737-S. 

The  names  here  following  are  entered  in  ink  on  the  interleaf  : — 


ILieut.- Colonel 
'Captains 
-lieutenant   . . 

-Ensigns 


Lord  Geo.  Sackville  (11) 
f  Richard  Fitzgerald 
I Geoffrey  Jocelyne  (12) 

Henry  Wright  (13) 
/Thomas  Span  (14) 


19  July  1740. 

13  Mar.  1740/1. 

13  Mar.  1740/1. 

10  Feb.  1740/1. 

10  Feb.  1740/1. 


(Charles  Abraham  Graydon  (15)    23  Apr.    1740. 


. .  •{  Ralph  Corry  (16)  ..  ..      24  Apr.   1740. 

Hunt  Walsh  (17)  ..  ..        7  June  1741. 

vMoryne  Harman  . .  . .        1   Aug.  1741. 

(8)  Lieutenant,  Feb.  10,  1740/1  ;    Lieut.-Colonel  of  the  53rd  Foot,  Dec.  20,1755. 

(9)  Lieutenant,  Feb.  10,  1740/1.  (10) Lieutenant,  Aug.   1,   1741.  (11)  See  '  D.N.B.' 

(12)  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Regiment,  May  5,  1746.     Left  in  1757. 

(13)  Captain,  May  8,   1746.     Still  serving  in  1755,  but  not  in  1756. 

(14)  Captain,  Aug.  28,  1753.     Still  serving  in  1760,  but  not  in  1763. 

(15)  Captain-Lieutenant,  Oct.  12,  1747.     Still  serving  in  1755,  but  not  in  1756. 

(16)  Captain,  May  2,  1751  ;    Major,  Feb.  27,    1760.     Still  serving  in  1763,  but  not  in  1766. 

(17)  Major  in  the  regiment,  Aug.  28,  1753  ;    Lieutenant- Colonel,  Feb.  2,  1757  ;    Colonel  in  the 
.army,  Feb.  19,  1762.     Served  in  the  regiment  until  1767. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Colonel  (Retired  List). 
(To  be  continued.) 


WILLIAM  GHALLINOB  :  BIRTH  CENTENARY 
•OF  A  DICKENS'  LINK. — As  there  is  no  men- 
tion of  William  Challinor  in  the  'D.N.B.' 
it  may  be  of  permanent  interest  to  preserve 
the.  chief  facts  of  his  life  in  the  pages  of 
'1ST.  &  Q.'  Some  of  these  are  to  be  found 
in  Simms's  '  Bibliotheca  Staff ordiensis,' 
where  they  are  stated  as  follows  : — 

"  b.  Leek,  10th  March,  1821 ;  s.  of  William  Challinor 
and  Mary,  his  wife  ;  educated  Leek  Gr.  Sch.  ;  King 
William's  Coll.,  Isle  of  Man;  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin; 
B.A. ;  M.A.  ;  Solicitor  practising  in  Leek  ;  m.  Mary 
Elizabeth  Pemberton,  of  Birmingham." 

!  This  entry  is  followed  by  a  list  of  his 
publications  and  appeared  in  his  lifetime, 
1894.  His  chief  writings  are  contained  in 
his  book  entitled  '  Lectures,  Verses,  Speeches, 
Reminiscences,  &c.'  (Leek :  H.  M.  Miller, 
Times  Office,  1891).  From  this  volume  and 
private  information  a  few  fuller  particulars 
.  alre  to  be  gleaned.  His  lectures  show  a  wide 
knowledge  of  Staffordshire,  and  the  series 
of  five  dealing  with  Leek  contains  valuable 
information,  including  much  that  is  his- 
torical, dialectal  and  legendary;  other 
addresses  deal  with  matters  of  public 
futility,  such  as  'Waste  and  its  Prevention,' 


and     the     railways     in     Staffordshire.     His 
output  of  verse,  though  he  began  writing 
early,    was    not    large,  but    only    selections 
were    published.     To   turn   to    his   reminis- 
j  cences,  he  tells  us  that  at  the  age  of  13  he 
went  to  King  William's  College,  Isle  of  Man, 
!  and    among    the    lasting    friendships    then 
|  formed  was  one  with  the  well-known  Manx 
I  character,   John   Howard,   afterwards   vicar 
1  of  Onchan,  near  Douglas.     He  often  visited 
Howard,   who    in   turn   visited   him   at   his 
home     at     Pickwoocl.       Under     the      elate, 
I  "Tuesday,    June    7th,    1842,"    is    the    first 
intimation  of  his  legal  studies:    "Went  to 
the  Hall,  Chancery  Lane,  to   pass  my  ex- 
amination   as    a    solicitor    there — I    rather 
liked  it  than  otherwise  as  I  had  read  hard 
during   my    clerkship,    and    especially    the 
last  six  months  with  Mr.  Baylis  "  (Thomas 
I  Henry  Baylis,  Q.C.,  1817-1908  (see  'D.N.B.' 
Sec.  Sup. )  to  whom  he  dedicated  his  book  of 
!  lectures,  &c.,  together  with  the  Rev.  William 
Beresford).     His   notes   contain   much   per- 
sonal information  intermingled  with  fancies 
and  observations. 

In   1849  Challinor  issued  a  pamphlet  on 
'The    Court    of    Chancery:     its    Inherent 


128.  VIII.  MARCH  5,  1921.]     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


187 


Defects),'  &c.,  and  this  lead  to  the  publica- 
tion of  his  '  Chancery  Reform  :  being  a 
Supplement  to  the  Court  of  Chancery,' 
which  he  undertook  at  the  suggestion  of 
Joseph  Hulme,  who  requested  Challinor  to 
raeet  him  in  London.  The  recommenda- 
tions contained  therein  met  with  the  ap- 
proval of  Lord  Denham,  Thomas  Noon 
Talfourd,  and  others,  and  the  author  sent 
a  copy  to  Charles  Dickens  who  acknow- 
ledged the  receipt  as  follows  : — 

"Mr.  Charles  Dickens  presents  his  compliments 
*o  Mr.  Challinor,  and  begs  with  many  thanks  to 
-acknowledge  the  receipt  of  his  pamphlet  and 
•obliging  note." 

In  the  preface  to  '  Bleak  House  '  Dickens 
refers  to  Challinor' s  pamphlet  as  follows  : — 

*'  I  may  mention  here  that  everything  set  forth 
in  these  pages  concerning  the  Court  of  Chancery 
is  substantially  true,  and  within  the  truth.  The 
•case  of  Grid  ley  is  in  no  essential  altered  from  one 
-of  actual  occurrence,  and  made  public  by  a  dis- 
interested person  who  was  professionally  acquainted 
with  the  whole  monstrous  wrong  from  beginning  to 
•end." 

Forster,  in  his  Life  of  Dickens,  refers  to 
the  pamphlet  : — 

"Dickens  was  encouraged  and  strengthened  in 
his  design  of  assailing  Chancery  abuses  and  delays 
by  receiving,  a  few  days  after  the  appearance  of 
his  first  number,  a  striking  pamphlet  on  the  subject 
containing  details  so  opposite  that  he  took  from 
them,  without  change  in  any  material  point,  the 
memorable  case  related  in  his  fifteenth  chapter. 
Anyone,  who  examines  the  tract,  will  see  how 
exactly  true  is  the  reference  to  it  made  by  Dickens 
in  his  preface,"  &c. 

On  Thursday,  Jan.  30,  1851,  a  public 
meeting,  convened  by  the  Chancery  Reform 
Association,  was  held  at  the  Hall  of  Com- 
merce, Threadneedle  Street,  for  the  purpose 
of  hearing  statements  as  to  the  abuses  of 
the  Court  of  Chancery.  Challinor  rose  to 
move  the  first  resolution. 

These  are  the  main  facts  in  the  important 
incident  that  entitles  William  Challinor  to 
remembrance,  and  which  had  such  a  marked 
•effect  on  one  of  Dickens' s  works.  For 
•elaboration  of  the  particulars  I  must  refer 
•treaders  to  Challinor' s  'Lectures,'  &c.,  men- 
tioned above.  It  only  remains  to  mention 
that  after  all  these  years  further  light  has 
'been  thrown  on  the  story  of  Gridley,  and  the 
source  from  which  Dickens  took  the  inci- 
dents, by  a  writer  in  The  Times  Literary 
Supplement  for  Dec.  7,  1917,  identifying 
the  actual  case  in  Staffordshire  cited  by 
'Challinor  who  gave  no  names,  and  modify- 
ing somewhat  the  facts  of  the  case. 

William  Challinor' s  death  occurred  on 
Mar.  21,  1896.  RUSSELL  MABKLAND. 


ENGLISH  SLAVES  IN  BABBABY  :  TAVEBN 
SIGN,  THE  TURKEY  SLAVE. — I  have  a  pam- 
phlet entitled  : — 

**  The  English  Slaves  ;  or,  A  Succinct  and  Authen- 
tic Narrative  of  the  Captivity  and  Sufferings  of 
Eighty-Seven  Unfortunate  Englishmen,  who  were 
Shipwrecked  on  the  Coast  of  Barbary,  written  by 
Peter  Lebau,  who  formerly  kept  the  Turkey  Slave, 
in  Brick-Lane,  Spitalfields';  and  Thomas  Troughton, 
a  Painter,  who  lately  died  in  St.  Luke's  Workhouse  ; 
being  two  of  those  Persons  who  were  redeemed  by 
the  Bounty  of  King  George  the  Second."  Not  dated, 
date  on  frontispiece  1807. 

The  Inspector  Privateer,  Richard  Veale, 
Commander,  having  sprung  a  leak,  was 
run  aground  in  Tangier  Bay,  Jan.  4,  1746. 
The  officers  and  crew  were  taken  by  the 
Moors ;  some  escaped  by  the  barge  of 
H.B.M.  ship  Phoenix :  the  rest  were  en- 
slaved, although  the  Vice-Consul,  Mr.  Petti- 
crew,  a  merchant,  intervened.  On  Jan.  27, 
1749,  the  money  was  paid  to  ransom 
twenty -five,  among  whom  was  Peter  Lebau, 
and  the  next  day  they  were  put  on  board 
His  Majesty's  ship  the  Crown,  which  landed 
them  at  Portsmouth,  May  11.  The  re- 
maining twenty -seven  were  not  redeemed 
until  Dec.  8,  1750.  They  reached  England 
Jan.  17. 

The  freedom  of  the  second  batch  would 
have  been,  at  least,  delayed  had  it  not  been 
for  the  arrival  from  Gibraltar  of  Commodore 
Keppel,  with  a  squadron  of  menrof-war. 
The  ransoms  and  presents  cost  England 
4,399?.  Is.  At  the  end  of  the  narrative  is 
the  following  : — 

"On  their  return  home,  Mr.  Rich,  of  Covent 
Garden  Theatre,  gave  them  a  benefit;  so  did  the 
proprietors  of  Sadler's  Wells  ;  where  they  appeared 
with  their  irons,  which  they  worked  in  in  Barbary 
....  Peter  Lebau  afterwards  kept  the  Turkey  Slave, 
in  Brick-lane,  Spitalfields,  and  died  about  twenty 
years  ago.  Thomas  Troughton  lately  died  a  pauper 
in  St.  Luke's  Workhouse." 

Presumably  the  Turkey  Slave  tavern  was 
represented  by  the  Turk  and  Slave,  Brick 
Lane,  Spitalfields,  mentioned  in  Larwood 
and  Hotten's  'History  of  Signboards,' 
6th  edn.,  p.  429. 

In  Kelly's  Post  Office  London  Directory 
for  1914,  *No.  308  Brick  Lane  is  the  Turk's 
Head,  very  possibly  the  successor  of  the 
Turkey  Slave  and  the  Turk  and  Slave. 

The  truth  of  the  story  told  by,  or  on 
behalf  of,  Lebau  and  Troughton  is  to  some 
extent  corroborated  by  references  to  "  his 
Excellency,  William  Latton,  Esq., the  Am- 
bassador from  his  Britannick  Majesty  to 
the  Emperor,"  otherwise  "his  Britannick 
Majesty's  Plenipotentiary  and  Consul - 
General  "  (pp.  6?  11),  also  by  the  mention  of 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.viii.MABCH6,io2u 


"Mr.  Rich  of  Covent  Garden  Theatre." 
William  Latton,  Esq.,  appears  in  'The 
Court  and  City  Register  '  for  1747,  p.  109, 
as  His  Majesty's  Consul  in  Morocco,  and 
Rich  was  the  manager  of  Covent  Garden 
Theatre  at  the  date  given.  , 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

MARRIAGES.  (See  12  S.  v.  262.) — Further 
to  my  Note  at  this  reference,  the  following 
information  may  be  found  useful  : — 

At  Edinburgh,  January,  1789,  Mr.  Dewar, 
surgeon,  to  Ann  Stewart,  dau.  of  John 
Stewart,  Esq.,  of  East  Craigs. 

At  Blackwood,  January,  1789,  Rev.  John 
Shaw  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  to  Mary 
Dunbar. 

At  Glasgow,  January,  1789,  John  Murray, 
Esq.,  to  Isabella  Lindesay,  dau.  of  Prof. 
Dr.  Hercules  Lindesay. 

At  Ayr,  January,  1798,  James  Maxwell, 
Esq.,  of  Williamwood,  to  Mary  Campbell, 
dau.  of  John  Campbell  of  Ayr. 

At  Glasgow,  January,  1789,  Andrew 
McCulloch  of  Ayr,  to  Janet  Douglas,  dau. 
of  Andrew  Douglas  of  Ayr. 

At  Aberdeen,  Jan.  29,  1789,  Alexander 
Harvey  of  Broadland,  to  Mary  Morison,  dau. 
of  James  Morison  of  Terreglestown. 

At  Edinburgh,  Feb.  11,  1789,  Dr.  A. 
Thomson,  late  of  Jamaica,  to  Rachel 
Pittillo  of  Balhoussie,  Fifeshire. 

At  Edinburgh,  Feb.  16,  1789,  Rev.  George 
Sym,  to  Sarah  Couper,  dau.  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Couper  of  Lochwinnoch. 

At  Brightmoney,  Feb.  14,  1789,  Ranold 
Stewart  to  Miss  Fraser,  dau.  of  Capt.  Fraser 
of  Brightmoney. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 
(To  be  continued.) 

NUNS  AND  DANCING.  —  In  *  Southey's 
Commonplace  Book  '  4th  Series,  p.  568,  is 
this  entry  : — 

"The  English  nuns  at  Ghent  told  Mrs.  Carter 
that  country  dances  were  one  of  their  amusements, 
and  that  they  had  the  newest  from  England. — 
Mem.,  vol.  l,p.264." 

For  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Carter  (1717-1806),  see 
the  'D.N.B.'  In  the  Catholic  Record 
Society's  nineteenth  volume  ('Miscellanea 
xi.')  at  p.  1,  it  is  stated  : — 

"The  Benedictine  Abbey  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  of  our  Blessed  Lady  was  founded  at 
Ghent  A.D.  1624  for  English  subjects.  It  was  a 
filiation  of  the  monastery  at  Brussels  established  in 
1598  by  Lady  Mary  Percy,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  and  was  colonised  by  four  pro- 
fessed nuns  of  Brussels When  the  French 


Revolutionary  army  invaded  Flanders  in  1794,  the- 
community  fled  to  England,  and  settled  at  Piestor* 
in  Lancashire;  then  (in  1811)  it  was  transferred  to 
Caverswall  Castle  in  Staffordshire,  and  finally  in 
1853  to  Oulton  near  (Stone,  in  the  same  county 
where  it  still  exists." 

In  November  of  last  year  the  late  Dame'- 
Laurentia  Ward,  O.S.B.",  who  died  Feb.  3, 
1921,  in  the  fifty-third  year  of  her  religious 
profession,  having  been  twenty-one  years 
Abbess  of  Oulton  Abbey,  wrote  to  me  : — 

"  We  had  several  in  the  community  who  had1 
known  some  of  the  Ghent  members  when  I  entered 

in  1866 One  of  our  old    members  related  that 

one  from 'Ghent  used  to  say:  'We  always  had  a? 
dance  on  'Our  Lady's  wedding-day,'  that  is  the 

23rd  of  January I  quite  believe  that  our  nuns  at 

Ghent  had  a  style  of    recreation  that   was    more 

lively    than    the    present    style but    still    the 

country  dances  as  an  amusement  was  rather  far- 
fetched. Of  course  I  cannot  guarantee  or  vouott 
one  way  or  the  other  ;  I  can  only  say  1  never  heard 
of  them." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


Queries. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

THE  O' FLAHERTY  FAMILY,  KINGS  OF 
CONNAUGHT. — The  pedigree  of  this  ancient 
Irish  family,  as  shewn  in  B.  O'Flaherty's 
'  lar-Gonnacht,'  is  very  incomplete,  and,, 
among  other  deficiencies,  it  fails  entirely 
to  name  those  who  were  the  husbands  of 
numerous  "  daughters."  I  have  been  en- 
deavouring for  some  years  to  discover  the- 
history  of  one  of  these  "  daughters,"  who 
is  said  to  have  been  married  first  of  all 
to  the  first  Viscount  Castlereagh  (1769- 

1822),    and   afterwards   to Wilson,    Bar- 

rister-at-Law,  agent  to  Lord  Londonderry.. 
The  'D.N.B.'  states  that  Lord  Castlereagh 
was  only  married  once — to  Lady  Emily 
Anne,  voungest  daughter  to  John  Hobart, 
2nd  Earl  of  Buckinghamshire — and  I  sup- 
pose the  authority  of  the  valuable  work 
must  be  taken  to  be  correct.  The  same 
applies  to  the  statement  made  therein  that 
he  had  no  children.  I  have  been  unable 
to  discover  whether  Lord  Londonderry 
(Query,  Lord  Castlereagh  or  his  father  ?) 
had  for  his  agent  a  man  named  Wilson, 
who  besides  being  a  kinsman,  is  said  also 
to  have  been  related  to  Lord  Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald  and  to  the  Earls  of  Kildare.  En- 
deavoiirs  made  to  discover  anything  about 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  5,  1921.]    NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


189 


him    from    enquiries    made    regarding    his 
reputed   home,    Edenderry   House,    Belfast 
have  been  unproductive  ;    although  at  the 
end    of    the    eighteenth  century  there  were 
Wilsons  in  that  part  of  the  world. 

Miss  O' Flaherty  is  said  to  have  had  a 
son  by  Lord  Castlereagh,  who  was  born 
after  his  father  had  committed  suicide,and 
after  his  mother  had  married  Mr.  Wilson. 
This  son  was  named  Joseph  Wilson.  But 
the  supposition  appears  to  be  impossible, 
since  Lord  Castlereagh  died  in  1822,  and 
Joseph  was  baptized  in  1783.  He  lived  in 
his  latter  years  in  Yorkshire,  at  Leeds  and 
Beverley,  died  on  Nov.  17,  1852,  and  was 
buried  at  Beverley.  He  was  married  twice, 
his  first  wife  dying  in  July  1849  at  Leeds. 

Joseph  Wilson  had  at  least  one  sister, 
Elizabeth,  and  two  sons,  Robert  and  Frede- 
rick, born  respectively  in  1820  and  1830. 
These  sons  were  both  clergymen.  The 
latter  was  Vicar  of  St.  James  the  Less, 
Philadelphia,  in  his  earlier  ecclesiastical 
years,  and  after  a  short  though  distinguished 
career,  he  died  at  Sledmere  in  Yorkshire,  of 
which-  place  he  was  vicar,  at  the  early  age 
of  47.  The  elder  brother,  Robert,  was  a 
chaplain  to  the  Forces,  and  also  at  the  Penal 
Settlement  at  Botany  Bay.  He  settled  in 
Tasmania,  where  he  had  a  numerous  family. 
But  he  died  at  Scarborough  in  1897. 

The  two  brothers  were  in  America  and 
Australia  respectively  when  their  father 
died,  and  as  soon  as  they  could  do  so,  they 
came  home  to  settle  up  his  affairs.  But 
meanwhile  their  step-mother,  who  had  only 
been  married  to  their  father  for  two  years, 
disappeared  with  all  his  papers  and  effects, 
and  their  efforts  to  trace  her  have  been 
unavailing.  The  mystery  of  Miss  O' Fla- 
herty's marriage  thus  remains.  Perhaps 
some  reader  of  'X.  &  Q.'  may  be  able  to 
solve  it.  In  the  church  at  Oughterard 
(Ireland),  is  a  marble  tablet  which  records 
that  "William  Wilson,  Executor  of  the 
late  Miss  Sarah  Wilson  of  Belfast  gave  £700 
towards  the  enlargement  of  the  church,  &c.," 
This  tablet  is  dated  1852,  and  the  names 
of  the  churchwardens  appear  upon  the 
tablet,  one  of  them  being  "  Geo.  F.  O'Ffla- 
hertie,  Esq."  Can  Miss  Sarah  Wilson  have 
been  one  of  the  three  daughters  of  Wilson 
the  land  agent,  and  Miss  O'Flaherty  ? 

RANGER. 

ST.  JAMES'S,  BURY  ST.  EDMUNDS. — Can 
any  reader  send  me  a  list  of  the  incumbents 
of  this  church  ?  HAYDN  T.  GILES. 

11  Kavensbourne  Terrace,  South  Shields. 


CHEVAL  OR  CHEVALL  FAMILY. — Entries  of 
this  family  which  originated  in  Herts  and 
Bucks,  appear  in  the  following  London 
Church  registers  :  All  Hallows,  Bread  Street  ; 
St.  Mary's  Aldermary  ;  St.  Peter's,' Cornhill ; 
St.  Michael's,  Cornhill  ;  St.  Helen's,  Bishops- 
gate  ;  St.  James',  Clerkenwell,  and  St. 
George's,  Chepel,  Mayfair.  There  exist  at 
present  Chevall  Place,  S.W.,  and  Cheval 
Street,  E.  Is  there  any  connexion  between 
the  family  and  these  names  ?  Have  the 
church  registers  above  mentioned  been 
transcribed,  and  if  so  are  copies  obtainable  ? 
Any  assistance  in  tracing  this  family  or  any 
general  inform aticn  would  be  much  appre- 
ciated. A.  H.  CHOVIL. 
Maison,  Russell  Road,  Moseley,  Birmingham. 
[See  also  12  S.  vii.  350.  458.] 

THOMAS  CHUDLEIGH,  ENVOYE  TO  THE 
HAGUE,  1682-85.— I  should  like  to  find  the 
Chudleigh  letters  to  Sir  Richard  Bulstrode, 
Minister  to  Brussels  during  the  period  Chud- 
leigh was  at  the  Hague.  Chudleigh' s  letters 
were  written  from  the  Hague  and  London, 
1682,  and  from  the  Hague,  1683-85. 
There  were  ninety-one  letters  in  the  Chud- 
leigh collection  and  originally  they  were  in 
the  Le  Froy  collection;  they  were  bought 
by  John  Waller,  and  when  his  collection 
was  broken  up,  they  were  purchased  by 
John  E.  Hodgkin  who  transcribed  and 
annotated  them.  These  letters  are  de- 
scribed by  Hodgkin  in  his  '  Rariora,'  vol.  i. 
p.  22.  Hodgkin' s  collection  of  MSS.  was  sold 
by  Sotheby's  in  March-May,  1914.  The 
Bulstrode  collection  was  broken  up,  parts  of 
it  \vere  purchased  by  the  British  Museum, 
e.g.,  a  few  letters  from  Benj.  Shelton  to 
Bulstrode,  &c.,  but  I  can  find  no  trace  of 
Chudleigh' s  letters  to  Bulstrode.  I  should 
appreciate  it  very  much  if  any  one  can 
inform  me  where  these  particular  letters 
are  to  be  found.  F.  A.  MIDDLEBUSH. 

1  Gordon  Street,  Gordon  Square,  W.C.I. 

GEORGE  FRANK  OF  FRANKENAU. — Can 
any  reader  give  me  any  information  about 
Georgius  Francus  de  Frankenau,  probably 
a  physician  either  to  George  I.  or  George  II.  ? 
I  have  a  small  line  engraved  portrait  of  him, 
no  engraver's  name  nor  artist's.  He  is 
represented  with  a  very  full  wig  hanging 
over  the  left  shoulder,  and  is  dressed  in  a 
collegiate  gown  over  a  coat  resembling  a 
uniform  with  an  elaborate  lace  insertion. 

What  is  particularly  required  is  an  account 
of  his  life  and  career.  D.  A.  H.  MOSES. 

78  Kensington  Park  Road. 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  S.VIII.MABCH  5,1921. 


FRANCIS  BOYCE. — I  should  be  grateful 
if  any  one  could  give  me  some  details  con- 
cerning Capt.  Francis  Boyce — such  as  parent- 
age, wife's  family,  dates  of  birth,  marriage, 
death,  &c. 

He  commanded  the  Royal  Charter,,  and 
also  the  Eagle.  While  with  the  latter 
vessel  he  received  a  presentation  of  plate 
bearing  the  following  inscription  : — 

"  Presented  by  the  owners  Gibbs,  Bright  &  Co 
to  Capt.  Francis  Boyce  of  the  Australian  packet 
ship  Eagle  for  making  the  fastest  passage  known 
from  Melbourne,  Victoria  to  London  having 
arrived  on  Nov.  19,  1852,  76  days." 

He  possessed  a  seal  bearing,  what  he 
apparently  used  for  his  crest,  a  lion  rampant. 
BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

TAVERN  SIGN  :  THE  BRENTFORD  TAILOR. — 
There  is  an  inn  of  this  name  in  the  village 
of  Cholsey,  Berks.  Who  was  this  individual? 

H.  E.   R. 

CHURCHES  OF  ST.  MICHAEL. — I  am  very 
much  interested  to  find  whether  there  is  a 
tradition  in  England  that  churches  to  bear 
the  name  of  St.  Michael  should  always  be 
on  high  ground.  I  have  read  rather  recently 
that  that  was  the  case  and  should  be  glad 
to  have  it  substantiated. 

An  old  St.  Michael's  Church  here,  named 
by  a  Welshman,  in  1735,  has  always  been  a 
matter  of  query,  as  to  why  it  was  named 
after  that  particular  saint,  but  it  certainly 
stands  on  a  hill -top. 

(Miss)  E.  D.  KINGSBURY. 

80  Prospect  Street,  Waterbury,  Connecticut. 

THE  FISHERMAN'S  "INDIAN  GRASS." — 
What  was  the  substance  known  as  Indian 
grass  or  Indian  weed  or  East  Indian  weed, 
introduced  here  about  1700  as  a  substitute 
for  horsehair  for  the  cast  or  point  of  fishing 
lines  ?  It  appears  to  have  been  extensively 
used  during  the  eighteenth  century.  It  was 
superseded  by  silkworm  gut,  first  mentioned 
in  1724,  but  not  in  general  use  till  the  end 
of  the  century.  J.  W.  H. 

"  COLLY  MY  Cow." — In  Motteux's  trans"- 
lation  of  '  "Don  Quixote  '  (vol.  ii.  chap.  ix. ) 
a  passage  is  rendered  :  "  But  what  is  the 
rout  at  Roncesvalles,  tell  me  ?  It  concerns 
us  no  more  than  if  he  had  sung  the  ballad  of 
'  Colly  my  Cow.'  '  In  the  original  it  is  the 
ballad  or  romance  of  '  Calainos,'  one  belong- 
ing to  the  same  epoch  and  collection  as  that 
referring  to  the  defeat  of  the  French  at 
Roncesvalles.  Motteux,  I  presume,  thought 
that  an  English  reader  would  understand  the 


passage  better  if  the  name  of  a  popular 
English  ballad  were  substituted  for  that  of 
'  Calainos.'  But  what  is  the  ballad  or  song 
of  '  Colly  my  Cow '  ?  Where  is  it  to  be 
found  ?  Curiously  enough  in  Browning's 
'The  Ring  and  the  Book'  (Count  Guido's 
second  speech,  1.  553)  the  phrase  "Colly 
my  Cow  "  occurs  as  an  expression  of  con- 
tempt. Does  it  mean  "kiss  my  cow?" 

I  should  be  glad  to  hear  where  the  ballad  or 
song,  if  extant,  is  to  be  found. 

JOHN  WILLCOCK. 

JOHN  AND  CHARLES  THOMAS  BROOKS. — 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  in  what 
parish  I  should  be  likely  to  find  the  burial 
entries  of  the  above.  John  Brooks  of 

II  Mansfield  Place,  Kentish  Town  (parish 
of  St.  Pancras)  died  between  June  8,  1823, 
and  Apr.  22,  1825,  the  dates  of  the  making 
and  proving  of  his  will.     Charles  Thomas, 
his  son,  of  Duke  Street,  Manchester  Square 
(parish    of    St.    Marylebone)    died    between 
Apr.  19,  1820,  and  Feb.  27,  1823,  the  elates 
being  similarly  determined.     I  have  searched 
the    Registers    of    the    above    two    parishes 
without  result  ;  nor  are  they  buried  in  the 
native  parish   of  the  father,  Churchill,   co. 
Oxon.      .  E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

122  Beaufort  Mansions,  Chelsea. 

CULBEN  SANDS. — I  should  be  glad  to 
know  of  any  trustworthy  book  dealing  with 
Culben  Sands,  the  tract  of  land  now  covered 
with  sand,  near  Nairn  in  Scotland. 

B.  C. 

A  PROVERB  ABOUT  EATING  CHERRIES. — 
In  Thomas  Wright's  '  Essays  on  Subjects 
connected  with  the  Literature,  Popular 
Superstitions  and  History  of  England  in  the 
Middle  Ages,'  London,  1846,  vol  i,  p.  174 
we  read  : — 

"  Another  very  curious  English  proverb, 
quoted  by  Ray,  '  Those  that  eat  cherries  with 
great  persons  shall  have  their  eyes  sprinted  out 
with  the  stones,'  occurs  also  in  German — '  Mit 
grossen  Herrn  ist  nicht  gut  Kirschen  essen,  sie 
schiessen  gern  mit  Steinen  zu,  und  werffen  die 
Stiele  einem  an  denKopf  (Griiter  59  Prov.  Alman.).' 
The  same  proverbs  thus  quoted  in  the  German 
'  Reinhard.' — 

XJig  haint  id  etzelige  wale  geweten  : 

Mit  peren  ist  quait  kirsen  eten. 

Si  willent,  dat  ir  geselle  grife, 

Alzit  de  hardi,  in  de  si  de  rife. 

('  Grimm.  Reinh.  F.,  p.  383)." 
What  is  the  explanation  of  this  proverb  ? 
I  am  here  unable  to  get  access  to  any  of 
the  three  works  quoted. 

KUMAGUSTJ   MlNAKATA. 

Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 


128.  vin.  MARCH  6,  i92i.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


"DEATH  AS  FRIEND." — An  old  Dalziel 
-engraving  with  this  title  taken  from  a 
picture  by  a  German  artist,  was  cut  from  a 
part  of  The  Sunday  Magazine  about  1870. 
It  represents  a  very  aged  man,  looking  at 
the  sunset  from  a  room  in  a  belfry  tower  ; 
near  by,  Death  in  a  monk's  robe  is  tolling 
the  passing  bell.  Who  was  the  artist, 
and  where  is  the  original  picture  ? 

J.  J.  B. 

52ND  REGIMENT  OF  FOOT. — Was  this 
regiment  quartered  in  Surrey  about  1781-2  ? 

E.  G.  T. 

FOUNDLINGS  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CEN- 
TURY.— In  the  registers  of  a  country  parish 
in  Surrey  the  burial  of  foundlings  was  first 
recorded  in  1757.  In  that  year  there 
were  7  ;  in  1758,  17  ;  in  1759,  28  ;  in  1760,  13. 
The  numbers  then  dropped  suddenly  to  one 
or  two  a  year.  Can  any  reader  suggest  a 
probable  cause  for  this  fluctuation  in 
numbers  ?  E.  G.  T. 

WILLIAM  LANGHAM  DIED  1838,  AGED  81. — 
Can  any  one  inform  me  where  in  London  he 
was  born,  and  if  he  was  the  son  of  Robert 
Langham  who  received  the  Freedom  of  the 
Oity  of  London,  1744  ? 

(Mrs.)  C.  STEPHEN. 

Wootton  Cottage,  Lincoln. 

"  THE  EMPIRE." — In  the  advertisement 
to  his  '  Fashionable  Lover,'  which  was  pro- 
duced in  January,  1772,  Richard  Cumber- 
land (as  to  whom  see  the  '  D.N.B.'),  wrote  ; 

"  Wherever. .  .  .1  have  made  any  attempt  at 
novelty,  I  have  been  obliged  to  dive  into  the 
lower  class  of  men,  or  betake  myself  to  the 
outskirts  of  the  empire." 

What  earlier  use  is  there  of  "  the  empire  " 
meaning  the  British  dominions  ?  Usually 
before  1804  "the  empire"  meant  the  Holy 
Roman  Empire. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

A  MOTTO  OF  ERASMUS. — The  last  mottc 
or  adage  quoted  by  Erasmus  from  Quintilian, 
under  the  division  headed  "  Dissimilitu- 
<liuis  "  runs  thus  : — 

"  Extra  organum.  Ductum  est  ab  organo  musico. 
<iuod  intra  vigesimam  vocem  consistit.  Conveniet 
in  valde  clamosum." 

The  comment  is  intelligible  enough,  but  what 
is  the  vigesima  vox  ?  Is  it  the  twentieth 
stop  or  the  vox  humana  ?  An  ordinary 
modern  organ  has  generally  (with  three 
manuals)  thirty  stops  and  twenty-six  pipes 
•or,  tubes.  .  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St-  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,,  Manchester. 


GIUSEPPE  PAKINI. — In  '  Due  Saggi  Critici  ' 
just  issued  by  the  Clarendon  Press,  Francesco 
de  Sancti  pronounces  a  somewhat  over- 
wrought eulogy  on  Giuseppe  Parini,  but 
provides  no  dates  and  but  a  scant  biography 
of  his  subject.  A  similar  want  is  observable 
in  the  second  sketch  or  essay  on  Ugo 
Fossolo,  but  one  is  better  acquainted  with 
the  latter  than  the  former  and  so  is  not  as 
resentful  at  the  deprivation.  No  doubt 
these  essays  were  either  written  for  or  read 
to  Italians,  but  the  benighted  foreigner 
justly  craves  for  a  few  biographical  details 
at  the  hands  of  the  essayist.  Perhaps  some 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  could  furnish  me  with 
such  or  refer  me  to  some  biographical 
dictionary  wherein  they  lie  concealed. 

J.  B.  McGovEBN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

CAPT.  SMITH,  FOUNDER  OF  JESUS  CHAPEL. 
— I  have  a  late  sixteenth  or  early  seventeenth 
century  portrait.  On  the  back  of  the  canvas 
is  inscribed  the  following  :  "Captain  Smith, 
Founder  Jesus  Chapel." 

I  shall  be  extremely  glad  if  any  reader 
can  tell  me  anything  about  Capt.  Smith 
and  Jesus  Chapel.  He  could  not,  of  course, 
have  been  the  founder  of  Jesus  College 
Chapel,  Cambridge.  JOHN  LANE. 

The  Bodley  Head,  Vigo  Street,  W.I. 

THE  REV.  WILLIAM  LOE,  B.D.,  Rector  of 
Kirkby  Masham,  Yorkshire,  in  1639.  Can 
any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  give  me  the 
name  of  Loe's  mother,  and  the  date  of  his 
death?  The  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  xxx.  68, 
where  he  is  described  as  a  D.D.,  is  silent  on 
these  points.  G.  F.  R,  B. 

TUTOIEMENT. — In  Anne  Douglas  Sedg- 
wick's  *A  Childhood  in  Brittany  Eighty 
Years  Ago  '  (1919,  ch.  1.  p.  16)  we  read  :— 

"  The  servants  and  the  peasants  in  the  Brittany 
of  those  days  had  a  pretty  custom  of  always 
using  thou  when  addressing  their  masters  or  the 
Deity,  thus  inverting  the  usual  association  of 
this  mode  of  address  ;  for,  to  each  other  they 
said  you,  and  on  their  lips  this  was  the  familiar 
word,  and  the  thou  implied  respect.  Our  servants 
were  of  the  peasant  class,  but  service  altered  and 
civilized  them,  very  much,  and  while  no  peasant 
spoke  anything  but  Breton,  they  talked  in  an 
oddly  accented  French." 

Is  it  possible  that  such  use  of  "thou" 
and  "you  "  was  a  linguistic  as  well  as  a 
social  characteristic  of  Breton  ?  And  was 
it  widely  spread  in  France  ?  Does  it 
survive  ?  Q.  V. 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.vni.MABCH6.i92i. 


PARLIAMENT  HILL. — Why  was  Parliament 
Hill,  London,  N.W.,  so  named  ?  I  have 
heard  it  said,  Because  the  conspirators  in 
the  Gunpowder  Plot  stood  there  to  watch 
the  House  of  Parliament  be  blown  up. 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  who  wrote  the 
following  : — 

1.  How  thick  with  acorns  the  ground  is  strewn 

rent  from,  their  cups  and  brown  1 
How  the   golden  leaves  of  the   windless   elms 

come  singly  fluttering  down  ! 
The  briony  hangs  in  the  thinning  hedge,  as 

russet  as  harvest  corn  ; 
The    straggling    blackberries    glisten   jet,   the 

haws  are  red  on  the  thorn  ; 
The    clematis    smells   no    more,    but   lifts    its 

gossamer  weight  on  high — 
If  you  only  gazed   on   the   year,   you  would 

think  how  beautiful  'tis  to  die. 

2.  In  the  golden  glade  the  chestnuts  are  fallen  all ; 
From  the  sered  boughs  of  the  oak  the  acorns 

fall, 

The  beech  scatters  her  ruddy  fire  ; 
The  lime  hath  stripped  to  the  cold, 

And  standeth  naked  above  her  yellow  attire; 
The   larch  thinneth  her  spire 
I'o  lay  the  wavs  of  the  wood  with  cloth  of  gold. 

D.  W. 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  following  lines  : — • 
3        I  shall  remember  while  the  light  lasts, 
And  in  the  darkness  I  shall  not  forget 

(MRS.)  F.  S.  BENJAMIN, 

[Swinburne  '  Poems  and  Ballads.'  The  lines 
ocf*ur  in  '  Erotion  '  and  run 

I  shall  remember  while  the  light  lives  yet, 
And  in  the  night-time  I  shall  not  forget.] 


"THE    SWORD    OF   BANXOCKBURK'' 
(12  S.  viii.   151.) 

PROBABLY  the  sword  referred  to  under  this 
title  is  the  blade  preserved  at  Douglas 
Castle  in  possession  of  the  thirteenth  Earl 
of  Home,  who  represents  in  the  female 
line  the  ancient  Lords  of  Douglas.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  given  to  the  Good  Sir 
James  of  Douglas  by  Robert  I.,  King  of 
Scots.  There  is  nothing  in  the  blade  itself 
inconsistent  with  its  traditional  origin,  for 
it  is  not  a  double-handed  sword  like  that 
ascribed  to  Wallace,  long  preserved  in 
Dunbarton  Castle  and  now,  if  I  mistake  not, 
in  the  Wallace  Monument  on  Abbey  Craig 
near  Stirling.  Double-handed  swords  were 
unknown  until  nearly  one  hundred  years 


after  Wallace's  death.  But  if  the  sword - 
blade  at  Douglas  be  genuine,  as  it  well  may 
be,  the  verses  bitten  into  it  by  acid  are 
certainly  of  later  date,  being  in  Roman- 
characters.  Moreover,  the  mention  of  many 
good  men  of  one  surname  does  not  fit  the 
chronology,  seeing  that  family  surnames 
were  still  in  a  state  of  flux  in  the  early  part 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  very  few 
persons  as  yet  had  borne  the  territorial  one 
"de  Douglas."  Many  years  ago  I  tran- 
scribed the  legend  on  the  sword-blade.  .It 
runs  as  follows  : — 
So  mony  gvid  as  of  the  Doyglas  Beine 
Of  'ane  surname  was  never  in  Scotland  seine 

I  wil  ye  charge  efter  that  I  depart 

To  holy  grayfe  and  thair  bvry  my  hart 

Let  it  remain  for  ever  both  tyme  and  hovr 
To  the  last  day  I  sie  my  Saviovre 

So  I  protest  in  tyme  of  al  my  ringe  [reign] 
Ye  lyk  subject  is  had  never  ony  Keing. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Monreith.        

JOHN  BEAR,  MASTER  OF  THE  FREE  SCHOOL 
AT  RIPON  (12  S.  viii.  150).— In  1730  the 
master  of  Ripon  School  was  a  Mr.  Barker 
who  might  be  the  John  Barker  of  Christ 
Church,  "1717,  B.A.,  1721;  M.A.,  1724. 
He  was  succeeded  in  or  before  1732  by  Mr.. 
Steevens  or  Stephens.  J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

41  Thurloe  Square,  S.  Kensington,  S.W.7. 

"  ATJSTER  "  LAND  TENURE  (12  S.  viii.  109)» 
—Yesterday,  or  was  it  on  July  15,  1882, 
I  made  a  somewhat  similar  inquiry  in  the 
columns  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  thus  : — 

In  the  Enclosure  award  of  the  parish  of 
Weston-super-Mare  dated  in  the  year  1810 
the  Commissioner  appointed  for  the  purpose, 
after  making  various  awards,  sets  out,  allots, 
and  awards  : — 

"  The  residue  and  remainder  of  the  said  moor* 
common,  and  waste  lands  unto,  for  and  amongst 
the  several  proprietors  and  persons  claiming  and 
being  allowed  rights  of  common  thereon  in  respect 
of  their  tenements  commonly  called  old  Auster 
or  ancient  tenements  situate  within  the  Parish  of 
Weston-super-Mare  in  the  proportions  and 
manner  hereinafter  mentioned  that  is  to  say, 
unto  James,  &c." 

I  received  several  replies,  and  to  my  mind, 
the  correct  solution  from  MR.  G.  FISHER, 
who  wrote  : — 

"  I  would  refer  your  correspondent  E.  E.  B.  t«- 
'  X.  &  Q.,'  1  S.  i.  217,  307  where  it  is  said  that 
this  word  is  a  corruption  of  the  word  astrum 
meaning  a  messuage  held  in  villenage  of  the 
Lord  of  a  Manor." 

ERNEST  E.  BAKER. 

Weston-super-Mare. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  5,  1921.]    NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


193 


This  is  probably  derived  from  "  Auster- 
land  "  or  "  Astreland  "  meaning  "hearth  "- 
or  "home. "-land.  Elton's  '  Origins  of  Eng- 
lish History,'  p.  191,  has  the  following  note 
with  reference  to  the  inheritance  and  divi- 
sion of  land  or  property  : — 

"  The  word  Astre  is  often  used  in  old  documents 
for  the  hearth,  and  for  the  dwelling  house.  A 
provincial  use  of  the  word  in  the  latter  sense  in 
Shropshire  is  noticed  by  Lambarde,  '  Peramb. 
Kent,'  563.  Other  instances  are  found  in  the 
local  idioms  of  Montgomeryshire,  and  in  many 

Earts  of  the   West  of  England,   where   '  Auster- 
ind  'is  that  which  had  a  house  upon  it  hi  ancient 
times." 

The  Austerland  generally  passed  to  the 
youngest  son  or  daughter. 

Sandys  '  Consuetudines  Kanciae  '  has 
(p.  155)  :— 

"  If  a  man  die  seised  of  landes  in  Gavelkinde? 
of  any  estate  of  inheritance  all  his  sonnes  shal 
have  equall  portion ....  there  ought  to  be  graunted 
to  the  eldest  the  first  choice  after  the  division 
so  to  the  part  of  the  youngest  there  ought  to  be 
allotted  in  the  division  that  piece  of  the  mesuage 
which  our  treatise  calleth  '  astre,'  that  is  to 
say,  the  stocke,  harth,  or  chimney,  for  fire  ; 
which ^™oord  (as  I  thinke)  was  derived  of  the 
Latin  e  astrum,  a  starre,  bicause  the  fire  shine th 
in  the  house  as  the  starre  therof  ;  and  which, 
though  it  be  not  now  commonly  understood  in 
Kent,  yet  do  they  of  Shropshyre  and  other  parts 
receive  it  in  the  same  signification  till  this  day." 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

DR.  ROBERT  JAMES  CULVERWELL  (12  S' 
viii.  152). — Boase  seems  to  be  quite  correct 
in  his  statement  that  Culverwell  died  in 
1852,  and  is  supported  by  The  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  which  says  that  he  died  "  in 
Argyll  Place  on  December  9,  1852,  aged  50." 
Though  some  of  his  books  bear  the  date 
1855,  this  is  no  proof  that  he  was  alive  then. 
The  surname  is  quoted  by  Bardsley  as  a 
London  one.  .  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

THE  PACKERSHIP  or  LONDON  (12  S. 
viii.  111). — This  was  an  officer  charged  with 
the  packing,  or  supervision  of  the  packing, 
of  exported  goods  liable  to  custom.  The 
Calendar  of  Letter  Books  of  the  City  of 
London  gives  several  entries  relating  to  this 
Office.  Letter  Book  "L."  records  the 
reversion  in  1495  of  the  Offices  of  "  Pakker- 
ship  "  and  "  Gawger  Shippe  "  for  a  certain 
term  to  a  Robert  Goodeyere,  Mercer,  and 
gives  the  following  note  : — 

"  The  offices  of  packing  all  manner  of  mer- 
chandize and  of  gauging  wine-vessels  (to  see  if 
they  contained  lawful  measure)  were  granted 
(Infer  alia)  to  the  Mayor  and  Commonalty  in 
1478  by  King  Edward  IV  for  a  sum  of  67,000." 


The  same  volume  records  the  duty  payable- 
to  the  "  Pakker  of  London  "  in  1474,  and  in 
1482  records 

"  that  Robert  Fitzherbert,  the  Common  Packer, 
thenceforth  take  for  his  labour  for  the  package 
of  every  hundred  calf-fells  (he  finding  the  cords- 
for  such  packing)  the  sum  of  8  pence." 

A  similar  office  is  mentioned  in  P.  L, 
Simmond's  'Dictionary  of  Trade  Products,. 
Commercial  Manufacturing,  and  Technical 
Terms,'  1858  : — 

"  Packing  Officer  :  an  excise  officer  who- 
superintends  or  watches  the  packing  of  paper, 
and  other  exciseable  articles. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

Henry  Chamberlain  in  his  'History  and 
Survey  of  London  '  (1769),  at  p.  229,  writing, 
of  King  Charles  I.,  in  1640,  says  : — 

"The  citizens advanced  the  king  a  con- 
siderable sum  of  money  in  consideration  of  his 
granting  them  another  charter  :  by  which,  after 
first  reciting  their  former  privileges  of  package,, 
survey,  or  scayage  of  all  goods,  and  of  baillage,. 
'  his  majesty,  in  consideration  of  four  thousand 
two  hundred  pounds,  confirmed  the  said  offices,, 
and  created  ordained  and  constituted  an  office 
or  officer  of  package  of  all  sorts  of  goods  and 
merchandize  whatsoever,  and  an  office  oi  carriage 
and  portage  of  all  wools,  &c.,  and  merchandize 
whatsoever  ;  and  did  ratify  and  confirm  the 
fees  set  down  in  the  tables  hereunto  annexed,- 
due  to  the  said  office.  And  his  majesty  did  also 
give  and  grant  the  said  offices  of  scavage,  or 
surveying,  baillage,  package,  carriage  and  postage,,, 
and  their  lawful  fees,  to  the  Lord-mayor  and 
citizens  of  London  to  be  exercised  and  occupied 
by  sufficient  ministers  or  deputies. ..."  Waich- 
charter  is  dated  the  fifth  day  of  September,  in 
the  sixteenth  year  of  his  reign." 

Chamberlain,  then,  pp.  229-35,  proceeds 
to  set  forth  in  detail  :  (1)  the  Scavage  Table 
of  rates  inwards  ;  (2)  the  Balliage  [sic]' 
Duties  outwards;  (3)  the  Package  Table  of 
Rates  ;  and  (4)  Fees  taken  by  the  packers 
and  water-side  porters  for  landing  and  ship- 
ping out  the  goods  of  strangers.  Probably 
the  Packership  cf  London  had  ceased  to  be 
granted  by  patent  to  a  private  individual 
for  seme  considerable  time  before  1640. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

WAT  TYLER  (12  S.  viii.  110)  — Stow  in  his 
'Survey  of  London  '  'fed.  1842),  at  p.  151,. 
says : — 

"I  find  that  in  the1  4th  of  TCichard  II.  these 
stew-houses  belonging  to  William  Walworth,. 
then  mayor  of  London,  were  farmed  by  Froes 
of  Flanders,  and  spoiled  by  Walter  Tyler,  and 
other  rebels  of  Kent," 
and  his  note  is  : — 

"  Li.  St.  Mary  Eborum.  English  people  dis- 
dayned  to  be  baudes.  Froes  of  Flaunders  were 
women  for  that  purpose." 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  5, 1021. 


As  the  rioters  broke  open  the  prisons, 
burnt  Lambeth  Palace,  all  the  Inns  of  Court, 
the  Palace  of  the  Savoy,  the  Priory  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem  %at  Clerkemvell,  and 
numberless  private  dwellings,  it  is  quite 
absurd  to  say  that  Wat  Tyler  was  killed 
merely  for  having  burnt  the  stews.  Wal- 
"worth  as  Mayor  held  the  lease  of  them  it  is 
true  from  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  as 
ground-landlord.  The  land  on  which  the 
stews  were  built  had  belonged  to  the  see  of 
Winchester  and  had  been  so  employed 
•centuries  before  William  of  Wykeham  was 
born,  and  continued  to  be  so  used  down  to 
37  Henry  VIII.  See  Brayley  and  Britton, 
'History  of  Surrey'  (London,  1850), 
pp.  316-7.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

MAJOR -GENERAL  THE  HON.  WILLIAM  HER- 
BERT (12  S.  viii.  109). — The  following  is  a 
copy  of  an  inscription  which  was  in  the 
'Cathedral  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  in  1863,  and  is 
•doubtless  there  still  : — 

Vir  admodum  reverend  us 
DOMINUS   FRANCISOUS  ANTONIUS   TEWIS, 

Archipresbyter, 

Per  43  Annos  Parochus  divae  virgin  is 
"Plebanus    Aquisgranensis    et    Judicii    Synodalis 

Praeses, 

Protonotarius  Apostolicus, 

Principis  Electoris  lalatini  Consiliarius. 

Qui  vixit  annos  septuaginta  novem, 

Decessit  A.D.  6  Idus  Julius,   1786. 

Nominis  sui  ultimus, 

Hoc  monumentum, 

Abaviae  suae  fratri, 

Ponendum  curavit, 

Henricus  Howard  Molyneux  Herbert 

Comes  de  Carnarvon, 
Catharinae  Elizabethae  Tewis 
Viro  honorabili  Gulielmo  Herbert  nuptae 

Abnepos. 

<jrermaniae  amans  et  German!  sanguinis  memor. 
(See  '  N.  &  Q.,'  3  S.  iv.  451.) 
Henry  Howard  Molyneux  Herbert,  who 
placed  the  above  inscription  in  Aix  Cathedral, 
was  fourth  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  and  died  in 
1890.  He  was,  as  the  inscription  states, 
great-great-grandson  (abnepos)  of  Major- 
general  the  Hon.  William  Herbert  and  his 
wife,  who  was  Catherine  Elizabeth  Tewes. 
•-She  was  sister  to  Francis  Antony  Tewes,  the 
Archpresbyter  mentioned  in  the  inscription, 
the  Earl  of  Carnarvon  having  erected  the 
monument  "  abaviae  suae  fratri."  Major- 
General  William  Herbert  died  in  1757,  and 
his  will,  of  which  I  have  a  full  abstract,  was 
proved  the  same  year.  In  it  he  mentions 
his  "  dear  wife  Catherine  Elizabeth  Herbert," 
but  makes  no  reference  to  any  cf  her  rela- 
tives. His  widow  died  in  1770,  administra- 
tion of  her  property  being  granted  to  her 


son,  Charles  Herbert.  It  would  seem,  from 
the  inscription,  that  the  Tewes  family  was 
of  German  origin,  and  records  at  Aix  might 
possibly  contain  some  particulars  of  the 
churchman's  ancestry. 

CHARLES  H.  THOMPSON. 

WILSON,  RANGER  OF  THE  HIMALAYAS 
(12  S.  viii.  151). — For  particulars  of  Wilson, 

a  Yorkshireman,  from  Wakefield,"  see 
General  (Frederick)  Markham's  'Shooting 
in  the  Himalavas,'  royal  8vo,  1854. 

R.  B. 

NEW  STYLE  (1.2  S.  viii.  68,  116).— There 
are  many  advertisements  in  The  Gloucester 
Journal  of  August,  1752,  relating  to  the 
change  in  the  Calendar,  the  earliest  being 
in  the  issue  of  Aug.  4,  when  the  following 
advertisement  appeared  : — 

"  Whereas  a  Large  Fair  has  been  annually 
held  at  Wotton-Underedge,  in  the  County  of 
Gloucester,  on  the  14th  Day  of  September  ; 
This  is  to  give  Notice,  That,  according  to  the 
Alteration  of  the  Stile,  the  said  Fair  will,  for  the 
future,  be  held  on  the  25th  Day  of  the  same 
Month." 

On  Aug.  18  it  was  announced  that  : — 

"  It  may  not  be  improper  to  notify  to  the 
Public,  That  Barton-Fair,  usually  lield  at  ihls 
City  on  the  17th  of  September,  will  not,  on  account 
of  the  Alteration  of  the  Stile,  be  kept  till  the  28th 
of  that  Month. 

The  next  issue  of  the  paper  after  Sept.  1 
is  dated  "  Tuesday,  September  19,  1752, 
New  Stile" 

In  the  issue  for  Jan.  2,  1753,  the  following 
curious  notice  was  inserted  : — 

To  all  Tender  Consciences, 

"  That  are  afraid  of  Keeping  Christmas-Day 
according  to  the  New  Stile,  This  is  to  Certify, 
That  the  Glastonbury  THORN  is  in  as  Full  Blossom 
This  Day,  the  25th  of  December,  New  Stile,  as 
it  was  ever  known  to  be  the  25th  of  December, 
Old  Stile  ;  so  that,  I  hope,  for  the  future,  no 
Body  will  doubt  that  the  New  Stile  is  the  TRUE, 
tho'  many  have,  this  Year,  refused  to  observe  it. 
And,  as  it  is  probable  that  the  Old  may  be  soon 
forgot,  I  thought  proper  to  give  this  Notice,  for 
fear  neither  of  them  may  be  kept  :  And.  if  any 
Persons  doubt  the  Truth  of  what  is  asserted,  let 
them  come  away  directly,  and  convince  them- 
selves by  ocular  Demonstration." 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

Since  it  has  been  definitely  stated  that  the 
New  Style  was  in  more  or  less  popular  use 
before  the  date  of  the  Act  of  Parliament, 
I  should  like  to  know  whether  evidence 
exists  of  the  intercalation  of  the  eleven  days 
before  the  date  (Sept.  2)  named  in  the  Act. 

PERSICTJS. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  5, 1021.]    NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


195 


It  is  quite  true  that  pursuant  to  statute 
24  Geo.  II.  c.  23,  the  day  following  Dec.  31, 
1751,  in  England  was  called  Jan.  1,  1752, 
but  that  day  was  Jan.  12,  1752,  according  to 
the  Gregorian  Calendar.  Pursuant  to  the 
above  statute  the  New  Style  was  adopted 
in  England  on  Sept.  14,  1752,  the  day  after 
Wednesday,  Sept.  2,  being  called  Thursday, 
Sept.  14.  See  J.  J.  Bond's  'Handy-book 
for  Verifying  Dates  '  (4th  edn.,  1889)  at 
pp.  16,  17.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CHARLES    II.    AND    THE    SMITH    FAMILY 
(12    S.    vii.    488). — According   to    Walford's 
*  Old  and  New  London,'  an  inscription  in  the 
old  cemetery  on  the  south  side  of  Paddington 
Street,    Maryiebone,    records    the    death    of 
several    infants,    children    of    J.    F.    Smyth 
•'Stuart,  "great-grandson  of  Charles  II." 
FRED.  B.  GALE. 

YEW-TREES  IN  CHURCHYARDS  (12  S. 
yiii.  50,  97). — G.  M.  B.  will  find  a  long 
illuminating  article  on  this  subject  in  the 
Parisian  Magasin  Pittoresque  of  January- 
^Vlarch,  1917.  The  writer  (the  eminent 
M.  Emile  Faguet  ?)  cites  the  preamble 
of  a  decree  of  Henri  II.  (1547-59)  to  the 
•effect  that  they  are  to  be  grown  in  church- 
yards under  penalty  of  fines,  as  ship  timbers 
made  therefrom  were  esteemed  the  most 
seaworthy  in  the  French  navy  in  the  six- 
teenth century.  Ex  uno  disce  omnes. 

EDWARD  WEST. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  "  the  last  active 
service  of  the  war-bow,"  as  mentioned  by 
MR.  J.  E.  HARTING,  was  during  the  cam- 
.paign  of  Montrose  in  the  spring  of  1650. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

DOMESTIC  HISTORY  or  THE  NINETEENTH 
OENTURY  (12  S.  vii.  191,  216,  257,  295,  399, 
452  ;  viii.  17). — The  following  extracts  from 
'  Recollections  of  the  Empress  Eugenie,'  by 
Augustin  Filon  (Cassel  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  1920), 
throw  light  upon  the  date  when  afternoon 
"tea  was  a 'new  custom  in  France,  and,  pro- 
bably, only  partaken  of  by  members  of  the 
highest  society  in  1868. 

Filon,  writing  of  the  different  "  sets " 
which  the  Empress  had  to  conciliate,  states 
«>n  p.  53  : — 

11  She  relied  chiefly  on  the  afternoon  teas  in  her 
•attempts  to  blend  the  various  elements  which 
composed  each  'set.'  I  will  endeavour  to  picture 
•one  of  these  teas,  one  of  the  third  set  in  1868  to 

which  my  father  was  invited " 

'"after  lunch,  wrote  my  father.   Mademoiselle  de 
Larminat,  one  of  the  maids  of  honour,  invited  me  • 
•on  behalf  of  the  Empress  to  take  tea  with  her  at 
live  o'clock." 


Again,  in  the  year  1871  : — 

"  As  five  o'clock  tea  was  served  at   first  in  ths 

hall,  and  later  in  the  little  drawing-room " 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

NORTONS  IN  IRELAND  (12  S.  viii.  50,  137). — 
According  to  the  pedigrees  registered  at  the 
Visitations  of  Hampshire,  there  were  in 
the  seventeenth  century  at  least  four  young 
kinsmen  of  the  Southwick  Nortons  who 
may  have  settled  in  Ireland,  viz.  :  William 
Norton  and  Charles  Norton,  younger  brothers 
of  Sir  Daniel  Norton,  Knt.  (who  married 
Honora  d.  and  co.h.  of  John  White  of 
Southwick)  and  Edward  and  Thomas,  two 
younger  sons  of  this  Sir  Daniel  Norton. 

Colonel  Norton  belonged  to  the  Southwick 
branch,  and  all  these  were  descendants  of 
Sir  Richard  Norton  of  Rotherfield  (d.  1592) 
by  his  second  wife,  Katherine,  d.  of  John 
Kingsmill. 

I  am  interested  in  this  little  matter  purely 
from  a  genealogical  point  of  view  and  should 
this  correspondence  be  read  by  any  of  the 
Irish  branch  of  the  Whitehead  family,  I 
should  be  glad  if  they  would  kindly  write 
to  me  direct  with  any  information  they  may 
have  in  reference  to  same.  F.  CROOKS. 

WILLIAM  AND  RALPH  SHELDON  (12  S. 
vii.  466,  516  ;  viii.  74). — Edmund  Plowden 
married  Katherine  daughter  of  William 
Sheldon  of  Beoley  by  Mary  his  wife,  dau. 
of  William  Willington  of  Barcheston,-  War- 
wickshire. See  'The  Plowdens  of  Plowden,' 
p.  16,  and  pedigree.  W. 

GOUGER  (12  S.  viii.  89). — Doubtless  a 
variant  of  gauger,  i.e.,  an  inspector  of  casks, 
from  "gauge  "  or  "gage,"  i.e.,  to  measure. 
Other  variants  are  :  Gager,  Gaiger,  Gouclge, 
Googe,  Gouge,  Gooch,  &c. 

It  is  unwise  to  assume  any  English  name 
is  extinct,  until  elaborate  inquiry  has  been 
made  throughout  the  English  -  speaking 
world.  Surnames  that  have  disappeared 
from  what  may  be  termed  their  natural 
habitats,  have  a  queer  way,  like  long- 
forgotten  slang  and  proverbs,  of  cropping  up 
overseas,  either  in  America,  or  in  one  of  our 
dependencies.  Twenty  years  ago  families 
named  Gauger  existed  in  London,  Ulverston, 
and  Philadelphia.  A  certain  William  Gau- 
ger is  mentioned  in  the  Close  Roll  of  15 
Edward  III.,  part  2.  Alan  Gauger  of 
about  A.D.  1300  is  recorded  in  the  Writs  of 
Parliament.  Alexander  le  Gauger  and 
Henry  le  Gaugeour  are  entered  in  the  early 
records  preserved  at  the  Guildhall,  London, 
W.  JAGGARD,  C»pt. 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  5,1921. 


BONTE  (12  S.  viii.  151). — It  may  help 
MR.  NORMAN  in  a  negative  way  to  know 
the  following  facts.  Dr.  Roxburgh  was  in 
Madras  for  a  short  period  between  1780  and 
1782.  On  Apr.  24,  1781  he  had  a  son  bap- 
tized at  St.  Mary's,  Fort  St.  George  ;  the 
child  was  named  William,  and  was  described 
in  the  Register  Book  as  the  son  of  Mr.  William 
Roxburgh  and  Maria  his  wife.  The  child 
died  in  the  following  September  and  was 
buried  in  the  St.  Mary's  burial  ground. 
There  is  no  further  reference  to  Dr.  Rox- 
burgh in  the  register  books  ;  nor  in  '  The 
Monumental  Inscriptions,'  by  J.  J.  Cotton; 
nor  in  the  '  Tombstone  and  Monuments  in 
Ceylon '  by  J.  P.  Lewis.  There  is  no  men- 
tion of  the  name  Bonte  in  any  of  them,  nor 
in  the  Bengal  Obituary.  The  last-named 
volume  contains  a  lengthy  obituary  notice 
of  Dr.  Roxburgh  ;  but  has  no  reference  to 
his  wife  or  wives.  FRANK  PENNY. 

A  COACHMAN'S  EPITAPH  (12  S.  viii  148).— 
It  is  a  tradition  in  the  families  descended 
from  Grace  Lodington,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  John  Lodington  (born  1717,  died 
1779)  that  the  epitaph  was  written  by  her 
father,  who  was  Rector  of  Haddiscoe. 

FRANK  PENNY. 

KINEMA  OR  CINEMA  ?  (12  S.  viii.  89). — 
It  may  be  noticed  that  the  '  O.E.D. '  (having 
passed  the  letter  "C  "  long  before  the  date 
of  this  popular  invention)  enters  "  kinema- 
tograph  "  in  its  alphabetical  place,  with 
two  (or  three)  alternative  pronunciations, 
t  hus  :  kaini-matograf,  kainimse-tograf.  Also 
cin-(sain-). 

Among  its  quotations  are  two  from  The 
Westminster  Gazette  of  1897,  both  referring 
to  the  same  incident.  The  first  (May  5) 
adopts  "kinematograph,"  while  the  second 
(of  May  6)  speaks  of  "cinematographic 
films." 

It  has  been  suggested  to  me  that  the 
French  invention  received  its  name  from 
England,  and  that  this  was  modelled  on  that 
of  the  earlier  "  kineograph  "  (1891),  a 
somewhat  similar  apparatus. 

Mr.  John  Sargeaunt's  fascinating  essay, 
'The  Pronunciation  of  English  Words  de- 
rived from  the  Latin,'  *  refers  to  this  question: 

"  When  only  the  other  day  '  cinematograph  ' 
made  its  not  wholly  desirable  appearance,  it  made 
no  claim  to  a  long  vowel  in  either  of  its  two  first 
syllables.  Not  till  it  was  reasonably  shortened 
into  '  cinema  '  did  a  Judge  from  the  Bench  make 


*S.P.E.    [^Society    for    Pure    English]    Tract 
No.  4  (Clarendon  Press,  1920),  at  p.  14. 


a  lawless  decree  for  a  long  second  vowel,  and 
even  he  left  the  i  short  though  it  is  long  in  Greek."" 

May  the  dossier  be  completed  by  a  reference 
to  the  case  in  question,  beside  one  to  the 
statute  ? 

I  may  humbly  confess  that  when  I  find 
the  word  spelt  with  a  &  I  try  to  adopt  the 
first  pronunciation  given  in  *" O.E.D.'  An 
initial  c  so  clearly  demands  an  approach  to 
French  pronunciation  that  I  should  then* 
disregard  the  learned  judge,  and  vulgarly 
say  "  sinimset-ograf . "  Q.  V. 

ALLIANCES  OF  ALLEN  FAMILY  (12  S.  viii.. 
132). — There  is  a  prerogative  marriage 
licence,  dated  Oct.  31,  1721,  between  (the 
Rev.)  Richard  Richards,  of  Killanissy, 
co.  Monaghan,  Clke.,  and  Frances  Herbert ,. 
of  Killin,  co.  Cavan,  spr.  ('ReyneH's  MS.').. 
Richards  himself  was  born  in  co.  Cavan. 
HENRY  B.  SWANZY. 

The  Vicarage,  Newry,  Co.  Down. 

LONDON  COFFEE  HOUSES,  TAVERNS  AND 
INNS  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  (12  S.. 
vii.  485,  and  references  there  given). — The 
following  London  coffee-houses,  taverns  and 
inns  are  mentioned  in  old  letters,  dating' 
from  1727  to  1762,  written  by  Clement 
Benjamin  Chevallier,  who  came  from  Jersey 
in  1727  to  reside  at  Aspall  Hall,  Suffolk. 

The  original  spelling  of  names  and 
addresses  is  retained. 

COFFEE  HOUSES. 
Spring-gardens   coffee    house,   near  Chering-cross.- 

1730. 

Seagoes  Coffee-house,  Holborti.     1739  etc. 
Garra way's  Coffee-House.     1740. 
Batson's  Coffee-house,    Opposite   the   Royall   Ex- 
change.   1741. 
London-stone  Coffee-house  in  Cannon  Street.   1742. 

INNS  AND  TAVERNS. 
Sarasens  Head,  Snow-hill.     1731  etc. 
Yc  White  hart,  AbchureMane.     1738,  etc. 
Ye  cross  keys.  Gray-church  street.     1739. 
the  Harticlioke  in  Newgate-street.     1739. 
the  Dice  &  key  near  Belings-gate.     1741'. 
Ye   Cock   £    BoUlte    ale-house    (Abchurch   Lane)i 

1743  etc. 

Ye  Lock  &  Key  Alehouse  in  Smith-field.    1744. 
White  Horse-Inn  in  Fleet  street.    1745. 
Naked  Boy,  Fenn  Church  Ftreet.    1752._ 
Cock  &  Hoop  yard,  Houndsditch.     1755. 
Golden  Bottle  in  Fleet-street.     1757. 
Miter  Tavern,  Fleet-street.     1759. 
Rose  &  Crown,  Mile  End.     1761. 

The  following  refer  apparently  to   ware- 
houses or  magazines  for  merchandise  :T- 
Sign  of  yc  Doblet  in  Thames-street.    1746; 
Sign  of  Pontac  in  -Abchurch-lane.    1748. 
Sign  of  the  Guittar  in  New  Bond  Street.    17581 
F.  E.  M.  CHEVALLIER- 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  5,  1921.]    NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


197 


HAZEBROUCK   (12   S.   viii.    121,    143).— It 

.may  be  of  interest  to  put  on  record  that 

the  Abbe  Lemire  mentioned  above  as. Mayor 

of  Hazebrouck,  member  of  the  Chamber  of 

! Deputies,  and  officer  of  the  Order  of  Leopold, 

is  Jules -Auguste  Lemire,  that  he  was  born 

Apr.  23,  1853,  that  he  has  been  an  honorary 

can.  of  Aix  since  1897,  and  of  Bourges  since 

1900,  and  that  he  is  the  author  cf  several 

works.  HABMATOPEGOS. 

SUGGESTED  GERMAN  SOURCE  OF  '  MERRY 
WIVES  OF  WINDSOR  '  (12  S.  vii.  211).— 
"The  play  in  question  by  Duke  Heinrich 
Julius  of  Brunswick  is  entitled  '  Von  einem 
Weibe,  wie  dasselbige  ihre  Hurerei  fur 
ihren  Eheman  verborgen. '  It  was  printed 
-at  Wolfenbiittel  in  1593,  and  is  described  as 
"  Mit  sechs  Personen."  Of  these  six  charac- 
ters the  husband  is  named  Thomas  Mercator, 
the  lover  Thomas  Amator  and  the  wife,  un- 
compromisingly, Meretrix.  Particulars  of 
resemblance  to  the  '  Merry  Wives  '  are  the 
'ingenuity  with  which  the  lover  is  smuggled 
out  of  the  house  on  the  husband's  un- 
expeqted  return,  and  the  circumstance  that 
"Thomas  Amator  confides  his  adventures  to 
Thomas  Mercator,  with  whom  he  is  un- 
acquainted. The  husband  suffers  from  a 
disease  in  one  of  his  eyes,  and  the  escape  on 
one  occasion  is  effected  by  the  wife's  holding 
her  hand  in  front  of  his  good  eye  and  ask- 
ing her  dear  Thomas  whether  he  can  see  the 
door.  The  lover  takes  the  hint.  There  is 
-a  similar  incident  in  one  of  the  tales  in  the 
'  Gesta  Romanorum  '  (122  in  Swan's  trans- 
lation), a  tale  which  is  found  in  the  'Dis- 
ciplina  Clericalis,'  and  many  of  the  Italian 
novelists.  There  are  modern  editions  of 
Duke  Heinrich  Julius's  plays  by  Julius 
Tittmann,  Leipzig,  1880,  and  W.  L.  Holland, 
Stuttgart,  1855.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

ARCHBISHOP  JOHN  WILLIAMS' s  *  MANUAL  ' 
(12  S.  viii.  152). — The  work  on  which  infor- 
mation is  sought  is  described  in  B.  H. 
Beedham's  privately  printed  '  Notices  of 
Archbishop  Williams,'  1869,  p.  87,  as 
"probably  not  written  by  Williams."  The 
lady  for  whose  temporary  change  of  religion 
Williams  bore  the  credit  was  Lady  Katherine 
Manners,  married  to  the  Duke  (then  Mar- 
quis) of  Buckingham  in  1620.  For  her  use 
we  are  told  that  he  composed  a  book  : — 
"  The  King  was  so  intent,  that  the  Lady  should 

"become  an  upright  and  sincere  Protestant,  that 
he  proposed  to  his  Chaplain,  now  her  Ghostly 
Father,  to  draw  up  a  pretty  Manual  of  the 
Elements  of  the  Orthodox  Religion,  with  which 
she  might  every  day  consult  in  her  Closet- Retire- 

••ments,  for  her 'better  confirmation.     A  Book  was 


Compiled  accordingly,  but  "E/cSoros,  d 
put  forth,  and  not  put  forth.  Twenty  Copies  were 
printed  and  no  more,  and  without  the  Author's 
Name  (in  a  Notion  common  to  many),  By  an  old 
Prebendary  of  the  Church  of  Lincoln.  The  Copies 
were  sent  to  the  Lord  Marquess,  and  being  no 
more,  are  no  more  to  be  found  ;  for  I  have  searched 
for  one,  but  with  lost  Labour."  Bishop  Hacket 
'  Scrinia  Reserta,'  Pt.  1,  p.  43. 

The  Archbishop's  biographer  goes  on  to 
say  that  he  had  seen  and  read  one  of  these, 
thirty  years  earlier,  "  which  being  in  a 
negligent  Custody,  is  miscarried,"  but  that 
he  possessed  "  a  written  copy,  out  of  which 
it  was  printed."  He  finds  the  '  Expunc- 
tions,  Interlinings,  and  Marginal  Refer- 
ences "  difficult  of  comprehension,  but 
promises  to  try  his  best  skill,  and  "  if  I  can 
truly  affirm  it  to  be  the  very  Mantle  which 
fell  from  Elijah,  it  shall  be  forth-coming  in  a 
Wardrode  [sic]  at  the  end  of  the  Book." 
Whatever  the  cause  may  have  been,  it  did 
not  appear  in  that  place.  Hacket 's  book, 
written  about  1650,  was  printed,  long  after 
his  death,  in  1692. 

The  last  chapter  of  the  '  Manual '  about 
which  MB.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS  writes  was 
assuredly  not  designed  to  be  a  confutation 
of  what  precedes.  The  author's  intention 
was  clearly  by  displaying  the  extreme 
positions  of  his  adversaries  to  effect  a 
reductio  ad  absurdum  of  their  system.  The 
marginal  comments  "  Blasph."  and  "  Abomi- 
nation ' '  preclude  the  faintest  doubt  of  his 
purpose.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

WIDEAWAKE  HATS  (12  S.  vii.  28,  157, 
171,  198,  214,  238,  315;  viii.  117).— In  a 
letter  from  Windsor  Castle,  Mar.  28,  1859. 
"  The  Queen  had  on  a  wideawake  with  a 
black  cock's  tail"  ('Twenty  Years  at 
Court,'  by  Mrs.  Stewart  Erskine). 

C.  B.  E. 

COVILL  (12  S.  viii.  132).— The  following 
two  entries  are  to  be  found  in  the  register 
of  St.  Nicholas  (Cathedral),  Xewcastle-upon- 
Tyne  :— 

"  1670,  Apr.  25,  John  Covill,  and  Anne 
Prescod,  lie.  " 

"  1674,  July  4,  John  Co  veil,  barber 
chirurgeon,  and  Eliz.  Airey." 

HAYDN  T.  GILES. 
11,  Ravensbourne  Tey,  South  Shields. 

Apparently  a  corruption  of  Colville,  like 
Covell,  Covelle,  and  other  variations  : — 

John  Covel,  known  also  as  Covell,  or 
Colvill,  born  1638,  died  1722,  was  Master  of 
Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  and  a  native  of 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [  12  s.  vm.  MA*CH  5, 1021. 


Horningsheath,  Suffolk  (see  'Diet,  of  Nat. 
Biog.,'  vol.  xii.).  Dr.  Wm.  Go  veil,  who  died 
about  1614,  native  of  Chatterton,  Lanes,  was 
a  Fellow  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge, 
and  author  of  several  books. 

Thomas  Covell  married  Martha  Pecocke 
in  1610  (see  '  London  Marriage  Licences '). 
Thomas  Covell  married  Judith  Blagge  in 
1064  (see  '  Faculty  Office  Marriage  Licences  ' ) 

Twenty  years  ago  there  were  two  families 
of  Covell  recorded  in  London  and  about  a 
score  in  America. 

A  celebrated  book  by  Wm.  Covell  appeared 
in  1595,  called 

*'  Polimanteia,  or  the  meanes  lawfull  and  unlaw- 
full  to  ivdge  of  the  fall  of  a  common-wealth  against 
the  friulous  and  foolish  coniectures  of  this  age 
Cambridge:  lohn  Legate 1595.'  Fop.  4to. 

It  is  remarkable  for  a  phrase  therein  "  All 
praise,  worthy  Lucrecia  [of]  sweet  Shake- 
speare." This  is  the  second  extraneous 
printed  notice  known  of  the  poet. 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

Mr.  Henry  Harrison  in  his  useful  '  Sur- 
names of  the  United  Kingdom,'  vol.  i. 
pp.  88  and  95,  London,  1912,  gives  the 
following  information  : — 

"French,  Colville  ;  i.e.,  Estate  or  Farm- 
stead (Lat.  villa)  ;  English  Covill,  Dweller 
at  a  Cove  (or  Cave),  Slope  or  Corner  [O.E. 
Co  fa — h(e)ath]."  J.  CLAKE  HUDSON. 

Woodhall  Spa. 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  I  think,  that  this 
name  is  due  to  one  of  several  places  in 
Normandy  called  Coleville.  C.  B.  C.  would 
do  well  to  consult  Bardsley's  '  Dictionary 
of  English  and  Welsh  Surnames.' 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

VOLANS  (12  S.  viii.  88). — Not  improbably 
this  name  is  an  outcome  of  "  villains  "  in  the 
sense  of  small  farmer.  Fifty  years  ago 
I  used  to  hear  of  a  Mr.  Vol-ans,  but  now 
I  am  given  to  understand  that  Vo-lans  is  the 
proper  pronunciation  so,  nolens  volens,  I  try 
to  conform.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

THE  PANCAKE  BELL  (12  S.  viii.  106,  154). 
— The  so-called  Pancake  Bell  was  rung 
annually  at  Epworth  in  the  Isle  of  Axholrne 
down  to  about  thirty  years  ago,  the  sexton 
being  paid  something  extra  for  this  service. 
I  have  been  told  by  good  authorities  that 
originally  it  was  called  the  Shriving  Bell, 
and  was  rung  to  call  people  to  the  service 
.  at  which  they  were  shriven  in  preparation 
for  Lent.  The  pancakes  (the  same  au- 
thorities said)  were  provided  at  the  hostels 


for  those  who  came  a  long  distance  to  this 
service.  They  would  certainly,  being  ex- 
temporaneously prepared,  be  very  con- 
venient for  such  an  occasion,  on  which  the 
number  of  people  to  be  provided  for  could 
not  be  foreseen.  C.  C.  B. 

The  Pancake  Bell  used  to  be  eagerly 
listened  for  at  Grantham,  and  we  were 
taught  that  when  it  sounded  people  were- 
warned  to  mix  their  batter.  In  a  nice 
booklet  '  Half -an -hour  in  Grantham  Church,' 
by  the  late  Rev.  Duncan  Woodroffe,  the 
author  wrote  (p.  38)  : — 

"  On  Shrove  Tuesday  at  9  a.m.  the  great  bell/ 
is  rung  for  half-an-hour :  it  is  now  known  as  the 
Pancake  Bell  but  it  is  a  survival  of  olden  times 
and  calls  penitents  to  be  shriven.  I  believe  that 
in  York  on  Shrove  Tuesday  prentices  formerly 
invaded  the  minister  ringing-chambers  and 
jangled  the  bells  harsh  and  out  of  tune." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

CAPT.  COOK:  MEMORIALS  (12  S.  viii.  132,. 
176). — Several  memorials  are  listed  at  11  S. 
viii.  184.  There  is  a  bust  in  the  National) 
Portrait  Gallery  and  a  bronze  statue  \yy 
Sir  T.  Brock  in  St.  James's  Park,  with 
inscription  : — 

Captain  -James  Cook  |  E.N.,  F.R.S.  |  Born 
1728.  Died  1799  |  Circumnavigator  of  the  Globe. . 
Explorer  of  |  the  Pacific  Ocean.  He  laid  the 
foundations  of  |  the  British  Empire  in  Australia 
and  New  Zealand.  |  Unveiled  by  H.R.H.  Prince 
Arthur  of  Connaught  |  on  behalf  of  the  British 
Empire  League  7th.  (July  1914.  | 

There  are  also  tablets  at  Great  Ayton 
School,  North  Yorkshire  (unveiled  by  Mr.. 
Herbert  Samuel)  and  at  88  Mile  End  Road. 
See  also  '  Two  Early  Monuments  to  Capt. . 
Cook,"  by  Capt.  Lord  Claud  N.  Hamilton,' 
Geographical  Journal,  Ivii  (January)  1921,.- 
pp.  34-36.  J.  ARDAGH. 

REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES  : 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8,  34,  54,, 
76,  111,  155). — I  fancy  that  MR.  SHERWOOD 
is  inclined  to  be  somewhat  satirical  at  the 
expense  of  Public  Libraries  and  their 
librarians  being  able  to  afford  genealogical' 
information  to  those  in  quest  of  it,  as  the 
list  of  acquirements  which  he  supplies  as 
necessary  for  the  purpose  would  be  mostly 
unobtainable ,  and  it  is  even  doubtful  if 
the  Genealogical  Society,  which  he  repre- 
sents, possesses  a  third  of  them.  It  would, 
however,  be  of  public  benefit  in  these  days 
of  extravagant  prices  for  railway  travelling, 
hotel  and  other  accommodation,  which 
prevents  many  searchers  and  would-be- 
searchers  of  genealogy  from  visiting  the- 


12  s.  VIIL  MARCH  s,  1921.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


metropolis,  if  the  directors  of  the  provincial 
Public  Libraries  would  pay  more  attention 
in  consequence  to  providing  as  abundant  a 
supply  of  local  history  and  topography  as 
their  means  will  permit  of,  and  facilitating 
the  labours  of  the  small  fry  of  genealogists, 
of  whom  there  is  an  increasing  army  in 
every  city  and  borough  of  the  kingdom. 
It  is  not  allowed  to  everybody  to  ransack 
the  archives  of  the  Herald's  College,  the 
Record  Office,  the  British  Museum  Library, 
&c.,  but  frequently  much  information  may 
be  obtained  from  local  books,  and  if  deemed 
of  sufficient  importance  then  the  assistance 
of  one  of  the  officers  of  the  above-mentioned 
offices  can  be  usefully  called  in. 

CROSS  CBOSSLET. 

ROUTE  THROUGH  WORCESTERSHIRE  (12  S. 
viii.  152). — The  route  taken  by  the  Gun- 
powder Plot  conspirators  from  Dunchurch 
to  Stephen  Littleton's  house  at  Holbeach 
has  been  worked  out  by  Mr.  John  Humphreys, 
F.S.A.  in  a  paper  entitled  '  The  Wyntours 
of  Huddington  and  the  Gunpowder  Plot,' 
read  to  the  members  of  the  Birmingham 
Archaeological  Society  in  December  1904 
and  published  in  vol.  xxx.  of  the  Transactions 
of  that  Society.  From  this  paper,  which 
is  illustrated  by  a  map,  it  would  appear  that 
the  conspirators,  after  leaving  Hewell 
Grange,  proceeded  by  way  of  Burcot, 
Lickey  End,  Catshill,  Clent,  and  Hagley  to 
Stourbridge,  at  or  near  to  which  place  they 
crossed  the  Stour  by  a  ford,  and  finally 
reached  Holbeach  House  at  10  p.m.,  thus 
having  taken  16  hours  to  travel  the  25 
miles  from  Huddington. 

BENJAMIN  WALKER. 

Langstone.  Erdington. 


0tt 

The  Year  Books.  Lectures  delivered  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  London  at  the  Request  of  the  Faculty 
of  Laws.  By  William  Craddock  Bolland. 
(Cambridge  University  Press,  6s.  net.) 
WE  possess  two  main  records  of  cases  heard 
in  the  early  English  Courts  :  the  Plea  Bolls  and 
the  Year  Books.  The  first  are  official,  made  by 
the  officials  of  the  Court,  their  purpose  being  a 
final  statement  of  the  facts  and  the  resulting 
judgment  in  each  particular  case  ;  the  second 
constitute  one  of  the  most  fascinating  of  all 
historical  problems,  and  a  mine,  as  yet  but  im- 
perfectly worked,  of  information  on  mediaeval 
life.  Not  only  so,  but  they  are  a  treasure  peculiar 
to  England. 

They  consist  ofjreports  of  cases  taken  from  the 
very  life  ;  inserting  much  which  the  Plea  Rolls 
omit,  and  omitting  much  which  these  include. 
The  object  before  the  reporter  would  seem  to 


have  been  the  illustration  of  precepts  and  prin- 
ciples, the  compilation  of  material  for  a  pleader's 
guidance  in  formulating  pleas,  an  account,  for 
purposes  of  instruction,  of  the  progress  of  an 
argument. 

Who  were  these  reporters  and  by  whom  em- 
ployed ?  Much  has  been  written  on  the  subject 
and  the  weight  of  present  opinion  is  in  favour  of 
considering  the  production  oi  the  Year  Books  as  a 
commercial  enterprise.  They  have  formerly  been 
supposed  to  be  fair  copies  of  notes  taken  privately 
in  court,  or,  again,  to  have  had  a  semi-official  origin. 

The  general  public  knows  little  of  them.  Thus 
'  The  Encyclopaedia  Britannica '  contains  no 
word  about  them  ;  and  the  University  of  London 
is  the  first  of  pur  Universities  to  give  them  official 
recognition.  From  time  to  time,  however,  there 
arise  enthusiasts  who  go  so  far  as  to  prize  thenx 
above  most  other  literature  Mr.  Bolland  tells  us 
of  Serjeant  Maynard — of  seventeenth  century 
fame — who  carried  a  Year  Book  with  him  in  his 
coach  to  amuse  him  when  travelling,  preferring 
it  to  any  comedy.  And  we  hear  of  an  American 
woman  student  who  would  spend  her  afternoons 
in  a  boat  with  the  Selden  Society's  edition  of  the 
Year  Books — fascinated  by  the  picture  they  give 
of  the  life  of  the  time. 

Their  bulk  is  considerable  for  they  range  from 
11  Edward  I  until  27  Henry  VIII,  when  the  intro- 
duction of  printing  caused  them  to  be  superseded 
by  reports  made  on  a  different  plan.  The  lan- 
guage used  is  Norman  French  or,  as  Mr.  Bolland 
would  prefer  to  have  it  called,  Anglo-Norman, . 
and  the  transcriber  has  to  wrestle  with  immense 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  abbreviations. 

We  would  draw  the  attention  of  our  readers  to* 
this  book  with  more  emphasis  than  usual,  for  it  is= 
one  that  should  have  a  special  interest  for  any 
friend  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  Mr.  Bolland's  account  of 
the  Year  Books  is  excellently  done.  In  his  third 
lecture  he  gives  us  a  taste  of  the  quality  of  the 
reports,  and  no  true  lover  of  antiquity  can  fail 
to  be  charmed  even  by  this  slight  glimpse  of  what 
is  in  truth  an  immense  field  of  information.. 
But  more  than  this,  the  Year  Books  have  attracted ' 
the  notice  of  scholars  outside  England  :  students  , 
of  mediaeval  history  are  alive  to  their  importance 
and  to  the  work  yet  requiring  to  be  done  to 
make  the  treasures  contained  in  them  available.  . 
Twenty  years  ago  Maitland  expressed  the  fear 
that  it  might  not  be  Englishmen  who  edited  the 
Year  Books,  though  the  Year  Books  are  the 
unique  possession  of  England.  To  save  the 
situation  Year  Book  scholarship  must  become  an 
endowed  study.  Its  importance  from  the  stand- 
points alike  of  law,  history,  sociology  and  philo- 
logy cannot  well  be  over-rated,  yet,  hi  England, 
the  sense  of  this  has  still  almost  to  be  created. 
The  first  step  is  undoubtedly  to  make  the  existence 
and  character  of  the  Year  Books  more  widely 
known  and  we  congratulate  Mr.  Bolland  both 
upon  having  so  inspiriting  a  task  and  on  having 
carried  out  so  ably  the  present  instalment  of  it. 

Later    Essays    1917-1920.     By    Austin    Dobson. 

(Humphrey  Milford,  6s.  6d.  net.) 
MR.  AUSTIN  DOBSON'S  studies  of  Eighteenth 
Century  life  have  long  since  w*on  for  him  an 
appreciative  public.  The  half-dozen  figures  whom 
he  limns  for  us  in  this  volume  regain,  beneath  his 
practised  pen,  a  good  measure  of  their  native 
vigour  or  grace.  Nor  are  his  pains  ill-rbestowed 


"200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MARCH  5, 1921. 


on  them,  for  all,  in  greater  or  less  degree,  still 
possess  real  interest,  and  deserve  to  be  written 
of  yet  once  again. 

The  first  is  Thomas  Edwards  author  of  '  The 
Canons  of  Criticism  ' — a  man  who  should  rouse 
lively  sympathy  in  the  breast  of  every  reader  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  A  devout  student  of  Shakespeare, 
true  possessor  of  the  instincts  of  a  scholar,  he 
found  Warburton's  emendations  of  Shakespeare's 
text  to.  be  beyond  all  endurance,  and,  in  the 
work  above-named,  made  an  onslaught  upon 
them  as  delightful  to  the  spectators  as  it  was 
Infuriating  to  Warburton.  The  '  Canons  '  were 
added  to  in  edition  after  edition,  and  if  now  there 
is  no  need  for  any  but  the  curious  to  read  them,  it 
is  worth  remembering  that?  they,  did  yeoman 
service  in  the  cause  of  sound  scholarship  at  the 
moment  when  they  first  appeared.  Edwards 
'was  a  barrister,  owner  of  a  small  estate  at  Baling, 
a  man  with  a  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances 
of  some  note  (Samuel  Richardson  among  them), 
•and  himself  capable  of  turning  a  good  sonnet 
after  the  model  of  Milton. 

One  name  that  appears  in  connexion  with 
Edwards  furnishes  the  central  figure  to  the  next 
study,  the  amiable  and  learned  William  Heberden, 
M.D.,  who,  like  Dr.  Arbuthnot,  illustrates  the 
pleasing  characteristics  of  the  eighteenth  century 
medical  practitioner. 

The    essay   on    "  Hermes "    Harris    is    in    Mr. 

Austin  Dobson's  best  manner.     It  gives  us  ample 

information,  in  a  spacious  uncrowded  style,  moving 

easily  onward  and  having  the  stage  enlivened  by 

many    familiar    personages    pleasantly,  for    the 

nonce,  grouped  around  one  relatively  unfamiliar. 

'The  excellent  writer  on  "  grammar  and  virtue," 

member     for    Christchurch,    beloved   of    Fanny 

Burney,  a  magnate  in  his  own  county,  but  among 

men     of    genius,     for     all    his     solid    erudition 

•  counting    chiefly   as    "  intelligent   and    humble," 

-.certainly  lives  on  in  our  day  only  through  the 

labours  of  the  genealogist  or  the  kindly  attention 

<  of  such  students  as  Mr.  Dobson. 

A  larger  and  graver  theme  is  the  life  of  John 
Howard.  Our  author  verbally  acknowledges  that 
in  Howard's  magnetic  personal  influence  lay  the 
secret  of  his  astonishing  achievement,  but  he 
hardly  makes  us  feel  the  greatness  either  of 
Howard's  force  or  of  the  task  he  set  himself.  In 
fact  this  subject  proves  both  too  big  and  sombre 
for  the  canvas,  and  to  some  extent  intractable  by 
Mr.  Austin  Dobson's  manner. 

'  The  Learned  Mrs.  Carter,'  on  the  other  hand, 
is  delightfully  done — being  not  the  less  delectable 
for  those  traces  of  acidity  which  no  one  seems 
able  to  renounce  in  writing  about  the  erudite 
females  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It  is  a  nice 
question  why  the  learning  of,  say,  Lady  Jane 
Grey  or  Elizabeth  never  provokes  a  smile,  while 
Elizabeth  Carter,  say,  or  Catherine  Talbot  is 
praised  with  something  of  a  patronizing  jocularity, 
with  a  scarce  perceptible  disparagement. 

De  St.  Aubyn's  portrait  of  the  Abb£  Edgeworth 
engraved  by  Anthony  Garden  forms  the  frontis- 
piece of  this  book.  The  noble  story  of  the 
Abbess  relations  with  the  royal  family  of  France 
is  the  last  of  this  group — told  completely,  and 
very  carefully  illustrated  by  a  plan  of  Louis 
XVI's  apartments  in  the  Temple.  There  is  no 
.need  to  comment  on  it.  Perhaps  in  this  last  essay, 
particularly,  we  regret  a  certain  looseness  of  style 
nto  which  Mr.  Austin  Dobson  sometimes  falls. 


Thus  he  tells  us  that  in  his  visits  to  the  Tuilleries 
Edgeworth  "as  a  matter  of  fact. .  .  .was  literally 
taking  his  life  in  his  hand."  And  in  the  last  sentence 
of  so  deeply  affecting  a  history  he  brings  us  down  to 
earth  with  a  jar  by  placing  Edgeworth  among 
the  "  un cenotaph ed  Martyrs  to  duty."  Are  we 
to  admit  such  a  verb  as  "to  cenotaph  "  ?  Not 
without  a  shudder,  nor  without  a  grudge  against 
Mir.  Austin  Dobson  for  lending  such  a  monster 
his  countenance. 

Le  Comique  et  la  Signification.   By  W.  Uhrstrom. 

(Stockholm,  Norstedo,  2  kr.  50  ore.) 
H.  BERGSON'S  "  Le  Rire  "  seems  to  have  inspired 
this  lively  little  study.  It  is  divided  into  three 
sections  each  abundantly  illustrated.  In  the  first 
the  comic  element  depends  on  exaggeration,  but 
without  any  alteration  of  the  proper  sense  of  the 
words  used  ;  in  the  second  the  comic  expression  has 
one  sense  for  one  speaker  another  for  the  other  ;  in 
the  third,  it  bears  two  senses  simultaneously. 
Some  of  the  stories  are  old,  as,  for  instance,  the 
witticism  about  the  Church  histories  of  Choisy  arid 
Fleury ;  one  or  two  are  of  English  derivation. 
Allowing  for  the  chilling  effect  of  their  being  pre- 
sented as  specimens  for  classification,  most  of  them 
will  raise  a  laugh,  arid,  having  reached  the  last  page, 
the  reader  will  find  himself  able,  more  easily  than 
before,  to  see  what  was  the  trick  that  has  amused 
him. 

Our  Clapham  Forefathers,  being  a  List  of  Inscrip- 
tions from  Tombs,  Monuments  and  Headstones 
of  the  old  Parish  Churchyard.  Compiled  by  the 
Rev.  T.'C.  Dale. 

COPIES  of  this  little  work  may  be  obtained  from 
R.  de  M.  Rudolf  (41  The  Chase,  Clapham  Com- 
mon, S.W.4)  who  furnishes  an  interesting  preface. 
Full  particulars  of  names  and  dates  are  given 
for  725  M.I.  now  to  be  seen  either  in  the  Church 
or  the  churchyard,  together  with  over  100  more, 
now  lost,  which  are  preserved  in  the  Note-book 
of  Barak  Longmate,  now  in  the  Public  Library 
at  Camberwell.  The  Atkins  monument  is  the 
best  known  feature  of  this  kind  belonging  to  the 
Church,  but  there  are  others  worth  noting,  and 
several  interesting  names  occur  among  the  mass 
of  inscriptions.  Each  inscription  is  numbered, 
and  an  index  of  names  makes  reference  an  affair 
of  a  moment. 


10  (K0msp0nfoniSu 


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201 


LONDON,  MARCH  13,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.   152. 

tNGTES:— Notes  on  the  Life  and  Family  of  Dr.  John 
Younger,  Dean  of  Salisbury.  1705-28,  201  -  A  Miscellany 
of  Modern  Folk-Lore,  203— Nathaniel  Field's  Work  in  the 
"Beaumont  and  Fletcher"  Plays,  204 — sir  John  Wood. 
Treasurer,  206  —  Funeral  Cake  —  Charles  Dickens  at 
Hazebrouek,  207 — Book  Borrowers — St.  Agnes-le-Clere= 
Aniseed  Clare— Cardinal  Newman's  Birthplace,  208. 

^QUERIES  : -Meridians  of  London  and  of  Greenwich- 
Thomas  Butler,  209  —  Edmund  Gibson  —  "  Burnt  his 
Boats  "—"  Zices  "  or  "  Screeds  "— Blount  of  Lincolnshire 
— Impaled  on  aThorn — Book  Wanted— Gen.  SirH.F.Camp- 
bel),  K.C.B.,  Ranger  of  Richmond  Park— "  A  Hogarth 
Miniature  Frame"— A  "  Phiolad  "  of  Barley -Purefoy 
— Henrietta  Gordon,  dame  d'atour  to  the  Queen  of  France, 
210— Inscription  on  Claret-jug— Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Blooms- 
bury  House—'  Hinchbn'dge  flaunted  ;  A  Country  Ghost 
Story  '—Cherry  Orchards  of  Kent — Epitaph  Desired — 
Shakespeare :  Pronunciation  of  Name — London  Society  in 
1747  — John  Hands  —  Gaston  de  Foix  — Plees  Family  — 
Cobbold  Family,  211  —  Leander  Club:  Kaily  Records 
Sought — Slave  Owners  in  Jamaica — The  Coffin-Mouse — 
Bible  of  Jauies  the  First— Giles  Jacob,  his  Year  Books  and 
Law  Reports— Author  Wanted,  212. 

fREPLIES.— "  <  ounts  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,"  212— 
Hazebrouck — Body's  Island — R^nelagh  in  Paris — Pro- 
nunciation of  Greek  (and  Latin),  214— Anecdote  of 
Laurence  fiterne — Richard  III. — Countess  M  acnamara, 
215— Original  Portraits  of  John  Howard,  the  Philan- 
thropist—  '  Pertide  Albion  " — Wiison  the  '•  Ranger  of  thu 
Hima!?  vas,"  216—  '  H.  K*.,"  Member  for  Maldon— John 
Bear,  Master  of  Ripon  School— Loss  of  the  Birkenhead, 
217— The  Mannequin  or  Dressmaker's  Doll— Parliament 
Hill— Mrs.  Susaun*  Gordon — Capt.  Cook:  Memorials- 
Sheffield  Plate:  Marthew  Boulton,  218  —  Matthew 
Carter— Author  Wanted,  219. 

1NOTES  OX  BnOKS.— '  Cosimo  I.,  Duke  of  Florence'— 
'S.P.E.  Tract.  No.  IV.  The  Pronunciation  of  Kuglish 
Words  derived  from  the  Latin' — 'The  Incas  and  their 
•Industries '— '  Transactions  of  the  Glasgow  Archaeological 
Society.' 

Notices  to  CorresDon dents. 


NOTES    ON   THE    LIFE    AND   FAMILY 

OF   DR.    JOHN   YOUNGER,    DEAN    OF 

SALISBURY,  1705-28. 

DR.  JOHN  YOUNGER,  born  c.  1636,  was 
probably  the  son  of  John  Yonger  of  Daventry 
Northants,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  of  the 
same  place,  whose  will  is  dated  Mar.  20, 
1633,  in  which  three  sons  are  named  : 
"Thomas,  John  and  Valentine,  together  with 
three  daughters,  among  these  being  one 
Elizabeth,  married  to  —  Waloen,  thus  in- 
dicating a  Dutch  connexion,  which  might 
account  for  the  fact  (referred  to  later)  that 
Dr.  Younger  spoke  Dutch  fluently  and 
possibly  acquired  it  through  residence  with 
an  aunt  in  Holland. 

The  arms  borne  by  the  Daventry  family, 
viz.,  Arg.,  on  a  bend  between  two  dolphins 


sa.,  three  martlets  displayed  of  the  first,  wit h 
crest,  a  buck's  head  or,  may  be  compared 
with  those*  of  another  person  of  the  same 
name,  viz.,  Capt.  Henry  Yonger,  Controller- 
General  of  the  Train  of  Artillery,  temp. 
Car.  I.,  who  obtained  a  grant  independently, 
e.g.,  Arg.  a  bend  between  two  cannons  sa. 
to  which  was  added  at  Oxford  May  10,  1645, 
by  way  of  honourable  augmentation,  "on 
a  canton  or  a  rose  gu.  surmounted  by 
another  arg."  This  latter  gentleman,  who 
recorded  no  pedigree,  is  believed  to  have 
been  one  of  the  many  Dutchmen  who  came 
to  England  about  that  time  ;  but  he  ma,v 
nevertheless  have  been  some  connexion  of 
the  family  then  resident  at  Daventry. 
There  was  also  another  family  at  Strettoii- 
Grandison,  co.  Hereford,  and  a  John  Yonger 
of  that  place  applied,  at  the  Visitation  in 
1634,  for  a  grant  of  arms  which  are 
practically  identical  with  those  carried  by 
the  Daventry  family,  so  that  it  is  fair  to 
assume  a  relationship.  The  pedigree  re- 
corded at  the  time  extended  back  three 
generations,  John  Yonger 's  ancestors  being 
Anthony,  William  and  James  respectively. 
It  may  be  added  that  this  claim  was  queried 
and  eventually  disallowed. 

In  connexion  with  an  assumed  Dutch 
descent  the  arms  borne  by  a  Dutch  family 
of  Jonckheer  may  be  mentioned,  viz., 
Or,  a  fess  gu.  between  three  martlets  in 
chief  sa.,  and  a  rose  in.  base  of  the  second. 
In  the  Daventry  arms  the  three  martlets 
are  placed  on  a  bend  between  two  dolphins, 
while  Capt.  Henry  Yonger  adopts  the  bend 
only  between  two  cannons  (instead  of 
dolphins)  afterwards  adding  the  rose.  This 
may  not  indicate  much  to  an  expert  in 
heraldry,  but  to  an  outsider  it  appears  to  be 
somewhat  significant  of  a  family  connexion. 

It  would  seem  that  the  Scottish  and 
English  name  Younger  is  derived  from  the 
Dutch  name  which  has  many  variants,  viz., 
de  Joncheere,  de  Jonckheere,  de  Jonckheer, 
Jonkheer,  Yonker,  Yongere,  Yonger,  &c. 
At  the  present  day  Jonkheer  is  a  title  in 
Holland,  indicating  the  junior  branch  of  a 
noble  family,  and  in  Scotland  a  somewhat 
similar  use  has  been  made  of  the  word 
Younger. 

There  appear  to  be  good  grounds  for 
assuming  that  the  Younger  family  originally 
came  from  the  Low  Countries,  as  inter  alia, 
their  early  records  in  this  country  are 
principally  connected  with  the  ports  on  the 
East  Coast,  viz.,  on  the  Forth,  the  Tyne, 
and  the  Thames.  The  earliest  mention  of 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  12, 1921. 


the  name  apparently  is  that  of  William 
Yongere,  who  was  pardoned  as  an  adherent 
of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  Nov.  16,  1318  (Cal. 
State  Papers,  Edw.  II.). 

The  only  Younger  arms  referred  to  in  the 
earlier  works  as  connected  with  Scotland 
are  those  of  the  family  at  Hopperston  first 
mentioned  in  Font's  MS.  temp.  Car.  I. 
(nobiles  minores)  ;  but  this  place  has  never 
been  satisfactorily  located,  although  the 
writer  is  inclined  to  think  it  must  be  Hopes- 
toun,  otherwise  Garvald,  in  the  shire  of 
Haddington.  It  was  formerly  a  rectory 
and  was  united  in  1702  to  the  ancient 
vicarage  of  Barra,  Carlisle. 

There  is  a  possibility,  however,  that  the 
place  may  be  Haggerston,  Northumberland, 
where  it  is  believed  there  was  formerly  a 
family  of  considerable  importance  cf  the 
name  of  Younger  (see  '  Autobiography  of 
John  Younger,'  by  W.  Brockie),  and  it  does 
not  seem  improbable  that  the  word  Haggers- 
ton, if  not  written  very  clearly,  might  easily 
be  read  as  Hopperston.  Should  any  readers 
of  'N.  &  Q.'  be  able  to  throw  any  light  on 
this  point,  or  indeed  on  any  matters  relating 
to  the  family  of  Younger,  it  would  be  greatly 
appreciated  by  the  writer.  To  return  to 
the  career  of  Dr.  John  Younger  :  he  matri- 
culated at  Christchurch,  Oxon  (as  gen.  fil.) 
on  July  23,  1656,  followed  by  Demy 
(Magdalen),  1658-62;  B.A.  Oct.  12,  1659; 
M.A.,  June  7,  1662;  B.D.,  Feb.  26  (or  June), 
1673  ;  Prob.  Fellow,  1662-1689  ;  Jun.  Dean 
of  Arts,  1671/2  ;  Bursar,  1673,  '79  and  '84  ; 
Vice-President,  1680  ;  D.D.,  Mar.  10,  1680/1. 
Installed  in  the  Prebend  of  Woodford  and 
Wilsford  of  Salisbury  Cathedral,  Oct.  14, 
1680 ;  Canon  in  the  second  Prebend  of 
Canterbury,  Dec.  22,  1685-1691;  Coll. 
Prebend  of  Ealdland,  Cath.,  London, 
Sept.  24,  1693  ;  appointed  Canon  of  St. 
Paul's,  Apr.  8,  1699  ; — Patron  King  William 
III. — Dean  of  Salisbury,  Sept.  18,  1705. 
Died  Tuesday,  Feb.  27,  1727/8  at  his  resi- 
dence in  Amen  Corner,  St.  Paul's.  He  was 
sub-Librarian  of  the  Bodleian  for  a  .  short 
period  about  1670/1. 

An  interesting  episode  in  his  career  was 
the  occasion  of  a  visit  paid  to  Oxford  on 
May  19,  1683,  by  the  Duke  of  York,  who  was 
accompanied  by  the  Duchess,  Mary  Beatrice. 
They  were  received  in  Magdalen  College  and 
Dr.  Younger  delivered  an  address  in  Italian, 
the  Duchess's  native  language,  with  \vhich 
the  Royal  visitors  were  much  pleased. 
Their  appreciation  seems  to  have  been 
shewn  in  a  practical  form,  as  Dr.  Younger 


obtained   a   Prebendal   stall   in   Canterbury 
"'athedral  a  year  or  two  later. 

He  also  became  Deputy  Clerk  of  the 
Closet  to  Queen  Anne  and  King  George  I., 
the  latter  liking  him  much,  possibly  on 
account  of  his  ability  to  converse  in  high 
Dutch.  It  appears  that  the  King  intended 
to  promote  him  further,  but  the  Ministry 
of  the  day,  who  apparently  did  not  regard 
the  Doctor  with  favour,  dismissed  him  front 
his  appointment,  informing  the  King  that 
he  was  dead.  Sometime  later,  however,  the 
King,  when  on  a  visit  to  Salisbury,  was 
surprised  to  meet  Dr.  Younger  exclaiming, 
"  My  little  Dean,  they  told  me  you  were- 
dead.  WTiat  has  prevented  my  seeing  you 
as  usual  ?  "  When  matters  were  explained' 
the  King  said,  warmly,  "  Oh,  I  perceive- 
how  the  matter  is,  but  (with  an  oath)  you 
shall  be  the  first  Bishop  that  I  \vill  make." 
The  King's  intention,  however,  could  not  be- 
carried  into  effect  o\v  ing  to  the  Doctor's  death. 

This  chance  of  obtaining  a  bishopric  was 
not  the  first  that  had  come  to  Dr.  Younger, 
as,  when  Dr.  Wrake  was  created  Bishop  of 
Lincoln,  Dr.  Younger  was  recommended 
for  the  vacant  bishopric  of  Exeter,  the 
choice  lying  between  himself  and  Dr.. 
Atterbury  'who  secured  the  prize. 

It  would  appear  that  owing  to  his  Court/ 
appointment  he  was  able  to  escape  expal- 
sion  during  the  troubles  of  168V,  and  so- 
retained  his  Fellowship.  In  1688  he  ob- 
tained the  Rectory  of  Bishopstone,  Salis- 
bury, being  presented  thereto  by  Thomas 
E*rl  of  Pembroke.  He  apparently  resigned 
his  Fellowship  on  Aug.  28,  1688,  but  the 
resignation  seems  not  to  have  become- 
effective  until  1689,  up  to  which  year  he  held 
the  Rectory  of  Easton  Neston,  Northants,. 
viz.,  from  1671.  Some  Latin  verses  on 
the  death  of  the  Princess  Mary  of  Orange 
by  J.  Y.  A.  B.  appear  in  «  Epicedia  Oxon/ 

It  is  recorded  of  Dr.  Younger  that  he  was- 
a  good-natured  man  and  a  good  scholar. 
He  was  also  an  intimate  friend  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Smith  of  Magdalen  who  in  1687 
was  collated  to  a  Prebend  in  the  Church  at 
Heytesbury,  Wilts. 

Dr.  Younger  was  twice  married,  viz.r. 
on  Oct.  17,  1690,  at  St.  James',  Middlesex, 
to  Henrietta  Maria,  fifth  daughter  of  Sir 
Richard  Graham,  first  baronet,  of  Norton 
Conyers,  York.  She  was  apparently  only 
22  when  she  was  married  while  the  Doctor 
was  about  54,  although  lool  ing  much  less. 
His  first  wife  died  in  1711  at  Amen  Corner, 
St.  Paul's,  the  issue  of  the  marriage  being  r 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  12, 1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


203' 


(1)  Henrietta   Maria,    bap.  Wath,    Jan.    20, 
1692,      buried      Wath,      Feb.      20,      1693  ; 

(2)  Richard,    bap.    Wath,    Nov.     5,     1695, 
d.   Jan.    14,    1757  ;    (3)  Elizabeth  born  (?), 
buried  W^ath,  Sept.   25,    1705.      It  has  not 
been  ascertained  when  he  was  married  for 
the    second    time,    but   it  appears  that  he 
purchased  an  annuity  for    his  second  wife 
from   the   Mercers'    Company,    the    record 
of    which    unfortunately    cannot    now    be 
traced.     He  had,  at  least,  two  children  by 
his   second  wife,    viz.,    Henry,    born   about 
1708  and  baptized  at  St.  Martin's,  Ludgate, 
and  Anne,  who  was  alive  unmarried  at  her 
father's    death.     The    eldest    son,    Richard, 
matriculated  at  Christchurch,  Oxon,  Feb.  29, 
1711  / 12  ;  B.A.,  Feb.  9,1715  /16 ;  M.A.  June  13, 
1718 ;  Rector  of  St.  Nicolas,  Guildford,Surrey, 
1720,     and    Vicar     of     Godalming,     1721  ; 
Prebendary  of  Coll.  Church  of  Heytesbury, 
1719-57.     An  oval  painting  of  the  Doctor, 
cet.  63,  by  Riley,  and  another  of  his  wife,  by 
Verelst,   now  hang  in  the   hall  at  Norton 
Conyers.     He    rrarried    the    widow    of    Sir 
Robert  Godshall,  Kt.,  M.P.,  sometime  Lord 
Mayor  cf  London,  and  died  Jan.   14,  1757, 
apparently  without  issue,  as  his  will  makes 
no  reference  to  children.     The  second  son, 
Henry,  matriculated  at  St.  John's,  Camb., 
Mar.  6,  1724  /5,  but  nothing  further  regard- 
ing him  has,  so  far,  been  traced. 

It  may  be  added  that  Dr.  Younger  was  a 
member  of  the  Renewed  Commission  ap- 
pointed by  Queen  Anne,  Nov.  25,  1702,  for 
the  rebuilding  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  He 
was  also  a  beneficiary  under  the  will  of 
Capt.  Luke  Fawne  "Citizen  and  Stationer," 
a  bookseller  at  the  sign  of  the  Parrot,  St. 
Paul's  Churchyard.  This  will  was  proved 
in  1 666  and  there  were  also  legacies  to 
Jane,  Sarah  and  Anne  Younger,  step- 
daughters of  his  cousin  Valentine  Shuck- 
browe,  who  had  married  Bridget,  the  widow 
of  a  Mr.  Younger — probably  one  of  the 
Daventry  family.  A  Valentine  Younger  is 
also  mentioned  in  the  will,  possibly  a  son  of 
Dr.  Younger 's  uncle  of  that  na.me.  It  seems 
curious  that  a  fuller  record  of  Dr.  Younger's 
life  has  apparently  never  been  published. 

(See  Bloxam's  «  Register  of  Magdalen 
Coll.,  Oxon  ' ;  Macray's  do.  ;  Foster's 
« Alumni  Oxon  ' ;  Wrater's  «  Genealogical 
Gleanings  '  ;  «  Political  State  of  Great  Bri- 
tain ' ;  The  Genealogist,  vol.  vii.,  N.S.  ; 
Archives  of  Dutch  Church,  Austin  friars  ; 
Neve's  Mon.  Northern  Notes  and  Queries ; 
Jones,  *  Fasti  Ecclesise  Sarisberiensis, ' 
'Ballard'sMS.') 

GEORGE  W.  YOUNGER,  F.C.T.S. 


A  MISCELLANY 
OF  MODERN  FOLK-LORE. 

I.  FOLK  RHYMES. 

THE  two  villages  in  the  Cotswold,-Hming- 
ton  and  Ebrington  would  seem  from  the- 
rhymes  still  current  in  their  neighbourhood 
to  have  had  a  poor  opinion  of  one  another* 
Ilmington  in  Warwickshire  certainly  poked 
fun  at  the  "  Yebberton  Mawms  "  in  a  crude 
and  hardly  friendly  manner.  These  poetical 
efforts  are  worth  preserving  because  at  times 
they  seem  to  embody  traces  of  much  earlier 
folk-lore.  The  modern  versions  are  very 
corrupt.  Those  here  given  were  known  to- 
the  late  T.  Scarlet  Potter,  in  his  boyhood, 
and  they  have  the  imprimatur  of  his 
authority,  and  few  knew  the  neighbourhood 
as  well  as  he.  Most  of  the  rhyming  jests  had 
some  origin  in  fact  and  more  than  one  dates 
from  the  early  days  of  the  nineteenth 
century. 

The  Yebberton  Mawms  to  Campden  went 

To  buy  a  donkey  was  their  intent 

They  brought  the  donkey  and  hired  the  groom,"1 

And  as  they  came  home  they  shot  at  the  moonhL 

Singing  Hum  a  dum  dee. 

The  Yebberton  Mawms  to  Hideo t  went, 
To  fetch  a  wheel-barrow  was  their  intent, 
They  carried  the  barrow  from  town  to  town 
For  fear  its  wheels  should  bruise  the  ground. 

Master  Keyte,  a  man  of  great  power 
Lent  'em  a  cart  to  muck  the  tower, 
Master  Morris,  said  muck  it  higher, 
And  out  of  the  top  there'll  grow  a  spire. 

Feb.  4,  1911  S.  POLTEB-HALFORD. 

Master  Keyte  is  obviously  a  farmer  and' 
Master  Morris   the  wise   man  of  the   place 
laughing  at  the  effort. 

Mr.  Morris  got  up  to  brew 

Something  the  matter  with  the  chimbley  flew      j 
Master  Morris  got  up  to  see, 
'Twas  a  donkey  tied  to  the  chimbley, 
The  donkey  was  tied  to  the  chimbley  top 
His  tail  behind  went  flippity  flop, 
The  donkey  belonged  to  Benjamin  Harris, 
.They  took  him  to  Moreton  to  swear  his  parish. 
Feb.  24,  1911.  S.  I  OLTEB-HALFOBD. 

Mr.    Polter    assured    me     that    this    did 
actually     happen,    that     the     unfortunate 
animal's  legs  were  put  in  a  sack  and  tied 
up  and  the  donkey  actually  lifted  into  the 
wide  square   chimney  of  the  old  thatched 
cottage  by  seme  wild  yokels  of  the  place. 
One  moonlight  night  when   it  did  freeze, 
The  moon  shone  in  the  pool,  they  thought  it  was  a 

cheese 

They  fetched  some  rakes  to  rake  about, 
Then  swore  they  could  not  get  it  out. 

In  1he  above  case  the  story  is  that  one 
year  the  milk  of  the  Charity  ccws  was  pooled 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MARCH  12, 1021, 


and  made  into  cheese,  but  that  the  party 
got  sadly  inebriated  'and  on  the  way  home 

-dropped  their  treasure  in  a  pool  (F."  S.  P.). 
I  heard  the  rirne  from  Mr.  Sam  Bennett  of 
Llmington  in  1912,  who  also  told  me  the 

^following  : — 

.  Old  Tommy  Abbots 
And  he  was  a  fool 
He  built  a  hovel 
Over  his  pool. 

Some  one  asked  him  the  reason  why, 
It  was  for  his  ducks  to  swim  in  the  dry. 
and  the  next  also  : — 
The  Yebberton  fools  to  Campden  went, 
To  take  a  whoel-barrow  was  their  intent, 
They  carried  the  barrow  to  Campden  town 
For  fear  its  wheels  should  bruise  the  groun. 
There  was  a  mad  dog  went  through  the  to^n, 
It  bit  the  side  of  the  barrow  all  round, 
They  took  the  barrow  to  the  seaside  to  be  dipped 
And  swore  the  dog  it  should 'be  whipt. 
A  dip  in  the   sea  was   supposed   to   cure   Hydro- 
rphobia  so  the  pool  was  called  the  sea.     One  old 
rman  of  E.  really  was  taken  to  the  sea,  but  said 
ihe    rather   be    bitten    again.     This   was   Thomas 
-Woodward  of  Ilmington. 

II. — MINOR  OFFICIALS. 

"1.  The  Watchman. — If  1  am  not  mis- 
taken Sir  R.  Peel's  Police  Act  was  passed  in 
1829.  It  was  adopted  early  in  Gloucester- 
shire, but  not  till  some  years  later  in  War- 
wickshire in  which  latter  county  parish 
•  constables  and  watchmen  continued  to 
-guard  the  place.  It  was  the  duty  of  every 
(rural)  '  peeler  '  to  leave  a  ticket  during 
the  night,  in  some  appointed  spot,  at  every 
lone  homestead  in  his  beat  ;  but  I  do  not 
remember  that  this  practice  was  maintained 
after  the  adoption  of  the  police-act  by 
Warwickshire. 

"2.  The  rural  '  Thief -taker.' — As  a  class 
these  men  were  almost  extinct  when  my 
memory  begins,  yet  in  my  early  boyhood, 
about  1830,  I  remember  that  one  was  still 
flourishing  at  Shipston  on  Stour.  But  they 
properly  belong  to  a  somewhat  earlier  day— 
in  my  father's  time  one  of  much  local  cele- 
brity was  extant  in  this  village  of  Halford 
in  which  I  am  now  writing — the  Thief -taker 
Lomas. 

"  The  thief -taker  was  not  a  salaried  peace- 
officer,  but  looked  for  payment  to  the  rewards 
offered  for  the  capture  of  evil-doers.  The 
•capture  of  the  absconding  fathers  of  bastard 
children  at  the  instance  of  parish  officers  was 
looked  upon  as  the  bread-and-cheese  of  his 
profession.  Generally  also  he  exercised 
some  small  craft  when  not  on  duty  ;  the 
Lomas  named 'above  was  a  shoe-maker,  the 
Shipston  man]made  baskets." 

J.  HARVEY  BLOOM. 


NATHANIEL   FIELD'S   WORK  IN  THE 

"BEAUMONT  AND  FLETCHER" 

PLAYS. 

(See  ante,  p.  141,  164,  183). 

III. — 'THE  KNIGHT  OF  MALTA.' 
(Acts  I.  and  V.) 

WE  find  Field  again  collaborating  with 
Massinger  and  Fletcher  in  '  The  Knight  of 
Malta,'  this  time  contributing  the  first  and 
last  acts.  Boyle  assigns  these  to  Beau- 
mont, Fleay  "has  little  doubt  "  that  they 
are  Field's,  while  Macaulay  observes  that 
the  style  of  their  author,  though  somewhat 
like  that  of  Field,  is  better  than  his  usual 
work.  There  can,  however,  be  no  doubt 
that  it  was  he  who  wTote  them,  and  the  best 
evidence  of  this  is  to  be  found  in  what  is 
undoubtedly  the  finest  scene  in  the  play — 
Act  V.  sc.  i. — the  scene  in  which  Oriana  by 
her  eloquence  transforms  the  earthly  pas- 
sion of  the  young  knight  Miranda  to  a  pure, 
spiritual"  love.  It  is  of  this  scene  that  Sir 
A.  W.  Ward  ('Hist.  Eiig.  Dram.  Lit,,' 
II.  688)  observes  that  he  can  recall  "no 
nobler  vindication  of  the  authority  of  the' 
moral  law  in  the  whole  range  of  the  Eliza- 
bethan drama."  It  seems  strange  that  no 
one  has  remarked  its  extraordinarily  close 
resemblance  to  sc.  ii.  of  '  The  Triumph  of 
Honour,'  where  Dorigen,  in  precisely  similar 
circumstances,  makes  her  lofty  appeal  to 
the  higher  nature  of  the  infatuated  Martius, 
and  makes  that  appeal  in  language  that  can 
leave  no  shadow^  of  a  doubt  that  the  two 
scenes  are  from  the  same  hand.  I  have 
already  had  occasion  to  quote  from  the 
speech  in  which  Dorigen  refers  to  the  deeds 
of  Martius  as  being  entered  in  a  volume 
and  urges  him  not  to  commit  an  unworthy 
act  that  will,  cause  the  reader,  on  reaching 
the  leaf  that  records  it,  to  cast  the  book 
away,  for  it  was  this  that  gave  me  the  first 
clue  to  the  common  authorship  of  '  The 
Triumph  of  Honour  '  and  the  fourth  act  of 
'  The  Queen  of  Corinth. '  The  parallel  in 
'  The  Knight  of  Malta  '  is  even  more  striking, 
since,  the  situations  being  identical,  it  is 
more  complete. 

Dorigen  thus  addresses  Martius  : — 
Oh  Martius,  Martius  !  wouldst  thou  in  one  minut » 
Blast  all  thy  laurels,  which  so  many  years 
Thou  hast  been  purchasing  with  blood  and  sweat? 
Hath  Dorigen  never  been  written,  read, 
Withou^ the  epithet  of  chaste — chaste  Dorigen, 
And  wouldst  thou  fall  upon  her  chagtity 
Like.a.bJaQk  drop  of  ink,  to  blot  it  out  ? 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  12,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


205 


Oriana  says  to  Miranda  : — 

Miranda's  deeds 

Have  been  as  "white  as  Oriana's  fame, 
From,  the  beginning  to  this  point  of  time, 
And  shall  we  now  begin  to  stain  both  thus  ? 
Dorigen  continues  : — 

When  men  shall  read  the  records  of  thy  valour. 
Thy  hitherto-brave  virtue,  and  approach 
(Highly  content  yet)  to  this  foul  assault 
Included  in  this  leaf,  this  ominous  leaf 
They  shall  throw  down  the  book,  and  read  no  rnoie 

and  Oriana  : — 

Think  on  the  legend  which  we  two  shall  breed 
Continuing  as  we  are,  for  chastest  dames 
And   boldest  soldiers   to  peruse  and   read, 
Ay,  and  read  thorough,  free  from  any  act 
To  cause  the  modest  cast  the  book  away. 
And  the  most  honour'd  captain  fold  it  up. 
Martins  is   so   overcome  by  Dorigen 's   elo- 
quence that  he  exclaims  : — 
Oh,  thou  confut'st  divinely,  and  thy  words 
Do  fall  like  rods  upon  me  !  but  they  have 
Such  silken  lines  and  silver  hooks,  that  I 
Am  faster  snared. 

Her  words  produce  upon  him.  the  same 
effect  as  Oriana's  on  Miranda  : — 
Ob,  what  a  tongue    is  here  !    whilst    she    doth 

teach 

My  heart  to  hate  my  fond  unlawful  love 
She  talks  me  more  in  love,  with  love  to  her  ; 
My  fire  she  quencheth  with  her  arguments, 
But  as  she  breathes  'em  they  blow  fresher  fires. 

As  it  is  not  questioned  that  Acts  I.  and  V. 
are  by  the  same  hand,  I  need  add  little  by 
way  of  corroborative  evidence  of  Field's 
authorship.  In  the  first  act  we  have 
"pish  "  and  "hum  "  (each  of  them  only 
once),  also  "continence,"  "importune," 
and  "integrity  "  ;  in  the  fifth,  "continence  " 
and  "transgress."  With  the  words  ad- 
dressed by  Mountferrat  to  his  servant  Rocca 
(almost  at  the  beginning  of  the  first  scene 
of  Act  I)  :— 

. .  .  .thy  pleas'd  eyes  send  forth 
Beams  brighter  than  the  star  that  ushers  day. 
we  may  compare  the  two  last  lines  of  the 
song  in  '  Amends  for  Ladies,'  IV.  i.  : — 
All  want  day,  till  thy  beauty  rise, 
For  the  grey  morn  breaks  from  thine  eyes, 
and  the  first   lines  of  that   in    'The  Fatal 
Dowry,'  in  which  Phoabus  is  urged  to  set, 
because 

....  a  fairer  sun  doth  rise 

From  the  bright  radiance  of  my  mistress'  eyes. 
The  expression  "to  stupify  sense  "  used  by 
Mountferrat  in  the  same  scene  : — 
...  .to  report  her  [Oriana'sl  soft  acceptance  now 
Will  stupify  sense  in  me,  if  not  kill 
occurs  again  in  *  The  Triumph  of  Honour, ' 
sc.  iii.  (first  speech  of  Sophocles)  :— 

These  wonders 
Do  stupify  try  senses. 


In  Act  V.,  in  addition  to  the  marks 
already  noted,  we  have  Oriana's  reference 
to  herself  (sc.  i.)  as  "a  garment  worn  "  : — 

How  much  you  undervalue  your  own  price 

To  give  your  unbought  self  for  a  poor  woman 

That  has  been  once  sold,  us'd,  and  lost  her  show  ! 

I  am  a  garment  worn,  &c. 

which    recalls     Lady    Bright 's    remark    in< 

'  Amends  fcr  Ladies,'  I.  i.  : — 

A  wife  is  like  a  garment  us'd  and  torn  : 
A  maid  like  one  made  up,  but  never  worn.- 

and  Lady  Honour's  reply  : — 

A  widow  is  a  garment  worn  threadbare, 

Selling  at  second-hand,  like  broker's  ware. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  second  scene,  the- 
allusion  to  Time's  running  hand  "beating 
back  "the  world  to  "  undistinguished  chaos  " 
connects  it  with  passages  already  noted  in 
'  The  Fatal  Dowry  '  and  '  The  Triumph  of 
Honour.'  We  find  also  that  Miranda,  ia 
the  same  scene,  uses  the  expression  "  to- 
indue  ( — put  on)  a  robe,"  also  used  by 
Benvoglio  in  sc.  iv.  of  'The  Triumph  of 
Love.'  Finally,  there  is  a  characteristically 
Fieldish  speech  from  Miranda,  as  he  restore* 
Oriana  to  her  husband's  arms  : — 

. . .  .busy  Nature, 

If  thou  wilt  still  make  women,  but  remember 
To  work  'em  by  this  sampler. 


Of  the  other  plays  in  the  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  folios  containing  work  that  is* 
clearly  neither  Beaumont's  nor  Fletcher's,, 
nor  Massinger's,  there  are  three  in  which 
Field's  collaboretion  has  been  suspected  or 
asserted  by .  one  or  other  of  the  critics — 
'The  Honest  Man's  Fortune,'  'Thierry  and* 
Theodoret,'  and  'The  Bloody  Brother." 
I  have  closely  examined  all  three  plays  and! 
am  satisfied  that  Field  had  nothing  to  do 
with  any  of  them, 'except  possibly  the  first. 
1  add  a  few  words  on  each  play  : — 

'The  Honest  Man's  Fortune.' — Fleay  and) 
Macaulay  both  assign  parts  of  this  to  Field  ; 
Fleay  giving  him  Acts  III.  and  IV.,  Macau- 
lay  Act.  IV.  alone.  I  find  nothing  whatever 
to  suggest  Field  in  Act  III.  This  (as  well* 
as  Act  II.)  I  believe  to  be  partly  Webster's.. 
In  Lamira's  sixth  speech  : — 

. .  .  .my  sleeps  are  enquired  after 
IVly  risings  up  saluted  with  respect, 
is    a    borrowing  from    Sidney's   'Arcadia'* 
which  also  appears  in   '  Thierry  and  Theo- 
doret '    II.   i.,   another  play  in  which  it  is 


*  Book  III.  Routledge's  edition  p.  307  :  "  my 
sleeps  were  enquired  after,  and  my  wakings  up 
never  unsaluted  "  (Cecropia  to  aer  spn 


~206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  12, 1021. 


•  clear  to  me  that  Webster  collaborated. 
Field  may  have  been  concerned  in  Act  IV. 
In  Montague's  first  speech  "manacle" 
appears  as  a  verb,  as  again  in  '  The  Triumph 
of  Love,'  and  (in  sc.  ii.)  the  Duchess  of 
Orleans'  exclamation  "Art  thou  there, 
Basilisk  ?  "  is  also  used  by  Dorigen  in  the 
second  scene  of  'The  Triumph  of  Honour.' 
These  points  raise  some  presumption  in 
Field's  favoiir.  But  in  any  event  it  is 
unlikely  that  this  fourth  act  is  wholly  from 
-his  pen.  Massinger  undoubtedly  had  a 
hand  in  the  third  act,  and  the  allusion  to 
""Roman  deaths  "  in  IV.  i.  recurs  in  'The 
--.Maid  of  Honour  '  (end  of  IV.  iii.)*. 

'Thierry    and    Theodoret.' — Fleay    attri- 

rbutes  Acts  111.  and  IV.  to  Field.     Macaulay 

gives  Acts  III.  and  V.  i.  to  a  third  author 

(not  Massinger  or  Fletcher).     III.  and  V.  i. 

=  are  clearly  from  the  same  hand — Webster's, 

in   my   opinion.     I    agree   with   Boyle   and 

Macaulay  in  attributing  Act  IV.  to  Fletcher 

(sc.  i.)  and  Massinger  (sc.  ii.).     Nowhere  is 

there  any  suggestion  of  Field's  versification 

or  vocabulary. 

'The  Bloody  Brother.' — Macaulay  assigns 
to  Field  Act  IV.  sc.  iii.  and  part  of  III.  i. 
I  can  find  no  justification  for  this  attribu- 
tion. The  authorship  of  this  play  presents 
perhaps  the  most  difficult  problem  of  all  the 
plays  in  the  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  folios. 
At  least  four  hands  seem  to  have  been 
-engaged  upon  it. 

To  complete  the  list  of  the  plays  in  which 
it  has  been  conjectured  that  Field  was 
•concerned,  either  as  collaborator  or  reviser, 
three  yet  remain  to  be  mentioned.  Of  these, 
"two — *  Cupid's  Revenge  '  and  '  Bonduca  '- 
were  published  either  in  one  or  both  of  the 
IBeaumont  and  Fletcher  folios,  while  the 
1;hird — "The  Faithful  Friends  ' — appears  in 
neither,  but  was  entered  in  the  Register  as 
•by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  in  1660.  Though 
most  of  the  critics  (including  Gayley  and 
Macaulay)  regard  '  Cupid's  Revenge  '  as 
pure  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Boyle  and 
Fleay  both  find  a  third  hand  in  it,  and 
Oliphant  a  third  and  fourth,  adding  Mas- 
singer  as  well  as  Field  to  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher.  Boyle  does  not  identify  the  third 
author  "whose  verse  has  not  the  Beaumont 
ring."  Fleay  affirms  that  the  play  has  been 
revised  by  Field,  who  has  "condensed  and 
•altered  every  scene,"  but  I  can  find  no 
trace  of  him  in  any  part  of  the  play. 
*Bonduca  '  is  usually  assigned  to  Fletcher. 


*  This  too  is  partly  founded  on  a  passage  in 
'The  Arcadia'  (Book  IV.,  Routledge's  edition 
J)p.  644-5). 


Macaulay,  however,  suggests  that  Field  may 
have  been  concerned  in  II.  i.  and  IV.  iv. 
In  both  these  scenes  there  are  rimed  couplets 
suggestive  of  a  hand  other  than  Fletcher's 
but,  apart  from  these,  I  see  no  reason  to 
suspect  Field.  As  for  '  The  Faithful  Friends,' 
which  Fleay  ('Englische  Studien,'  xiii, 
(1889)  32)  attributes  to  Field  and  Daborne, 
and  Oliphant  (ibid.,  xvi.  (1892)  198)  believes 
to  be  an  early  play  by  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  revised  by  Massinger  and  Field, 
although  no  doubt  it  contains  phrases  and 
passages  faintly  suggestive,  sometimes  of 
one,  sometimes  of  another,  of  these  authors, 
the  most  reasonable  conclusion  would  seem 
to  be  that  it  is  by  none  of  them.  It  is 
written  in  a  florid,  forcible-feeble  style  quite 
unlike  that  of  Field,  and  is  throughout  full 
of  peculiar  words  and  trite  mythological 
allusions  as  little  characteristic  of  him  as 
they  are  of  Beaumont  or  Fletcher. 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES. 
Enfield.  

SIB  JOHN  WOOD,  TREASURER. — Perhaps 
your  readers  would  be  interested  in  the 
following  notes  concerning  a  forgotten 
Sussex  worthy,  which  have  accumulated  by 
degrees  in  the  course  of  an  inquiry  into  the 
history  of  another  family,  or  perhaps 
another  branch  of  the  same  family,  of  the 
same  name  and  county.  He  is  noticed  in 
the  'D.N.B.,'  but  the  article  only  covers  a 
small  part  of  his  career. 

In  the  latter  half  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
three  brothers  of  the  name  of  Wood  (Wode), 
John  the  elder,  Thomas,  and  John  the 
younger,  played  an  active  and  prominent 
part  in  the  affairs  of  Sussex.  Their  special 
hunting  ground  was  West  Sussex,  so  the 
probability  is  that  they  descended  from  the 
Chichester  family,  possibly  from  Adam  de 
Bosco  of  Felpham  (thirteenth  century). 
They  were  landowners,  whereas  the  Horsham 
family  seem  to  have  been  merchants. 
Thomas  was  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Pul- 
borough  ;  John,  the  younger,  who  is  once 
described  as  "  of  Woodmancote,"  figures  in 
a  number  of  Feet  of  Fines,  was  controller  of 
the  customs  of  the  Port  of  Chichester  from 
1484,  and  was  on  the  Commission  of  the 
Peace  continuously  from  1472  till  his  death 
(Pat.  Rolls)  ;  but  John  Wood,  the  elder, 
extended  the  influence  of  his  personality 
far  beyond  his  native  county. 

He  was  several  times  Member  for  Mid- 
hurst,  and  afterwards  for  Sussex ;  and 
perhaps  his  father  was  M.P.  for  Midhurst 
before,  him,  since  the  entries  begin  as  far 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  12,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


207 


back  as  1435.  In  1475  he  was  Sheriff  of 
Sussex,  and  from  1480  till  the  day  of  his 
death  he  was  with  his  brother  on  the  Com- 
mission of  the  Peace. 

From  1461  the  entries  in  the  Patent  Rolls 
/become  numerous  ;  but  there  was  at  least 
one  other  John  Wood  who  was  a  prominent 
figure  at  this  time,  and  in  a  brief  note  there 
is  not  space  to  discuss  or  even  to  record  the 
•doubtful  grants.  When  Parliament  met  in 
1482,  John  Wood  was  chosen  Speaker,  and 
on  the  rising  of  the  House,  he  and  William 
'Catesby  were  knighted  at  one  time  by  King 
Edward  IV.  (Brit.  Mus.  Harl.  MS.  293, 
p.  208).  It  seems  probable  that  it  was  this 
John  Wood  who  was  appointed  Master  of 
the  King's  Ordnance  in  February,  1463, 
;and  was  granted  the  office  of  the  custody 
of  the  Exchequer  and  Mint  in  October,  1468  ; 
for  in  1482  he  was  Under  Treasurer  of  Eng- 
land, an  appointment  to  which  the  other 
•  offices  may  well  have  paved  the  way. 

Sir  John  was  evidently  a  Yorkist,  since 
his  advancement  began  with  the  accession 
of  Edward  IV.  in  1461,  and  his  abilities  and 
•opinions  seem  to  have  recommended  him 
Iboth  to  that  monarch  and  to  Richard  III. 
In  May,  1483,  he  was  appointed  Treasurer 
•of  England,  and  in  the  following  July,  at 
the  outset  of  Richard's  reign,  the  appoint- 
ment was  confirmed.  In  April,  1484,  he 
was  made  a  Commissioner  of  the  Admiralty 
;and  at  the  same  time  he  and  Robert  Bracken - 
bury,  Constable  of  the  Tower,  became  joint 
Vice-Admirals  of  England. 

He  did  not  live  to  see  the  ruin  of  the  cause 
'he  had  embraced,  for  he  died,  childless,  in 
the  full  tide  of  his  success  on  Aug.  20,  1484, 
-one  year  and  two  days  before  the  battle  of 
Bosworth.  He  left  a  widow,  Margery, 
sister  of  Thomas,  and  aunt  of  Sir  Roger 
Lewkenore,  who  enjoyed  a  life-interest  in 
his  Manor  of  Rivershall,  in  Boxsted,  co. 
Essex.  She  married,  as  her  second  husband, 
"Thomas  Garth,  esquire,  and  died  on  Nov.  20, 
1502  (Calendar  of  Inquisitions,  Hen.  VII., 
vol.  i.  278,  and  vol.  ii.  629). 

Thomas  Wood  of  Pulborough  died  before 
ihis  more  distinguished  brother,  leaving 
'three  daughters  only,  of  whom,  Elizabeth, 
the  eldest,  married  Edmund  Dawtrey  of 
Petworth,  and  Joan  married  John  Exham, 
while  Margaret,  the  youngest,  in  1488,  at 
the  age  of  30,  was  still  single.  Sir  John,  by 
ihis  will,  left  Rivershall  to  his  wife  and  their 
joint  issue,  with  remainder,  first,  to  his 
•brother,  John  Wood  the  younger,  and  liis 
Iheire  and,  secondly,  in  default  of  such  heirs, 
tto  "Isabel"  (Elizabeth)  Dawtrey,  But 


John  Wood,  the  younger,  died  childless 
Oct.  4,  1485,  seventeen  years  before  his 
sister-in-law,  Margery  Garth  ;  so,  presumably 
at  her  death,  the  Manor  passed  to  the 
Dawtreys. 

Sir  John's  arms,  which  may  be  found  at 
the  British  Museum  among  those  of  the 
Treasurers  of  England  (Stowe  MS.  698, 
p.  11)  were,  Gules,  a  lion  rampant,  tail 
forked,  argent.  Curiously  enough,  Thomas 
of  Pulborough  seems  to  have  obtained  a 
separate  grant,  for  the  Dawtreys  quarter 
another  WTood  coat,  Azure,  three  martlets 
argent,  armed  and  beaked  or.  In  their 
pedigree  it  is  stated  that  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Wood  (whom  they  call,  unjustifiably  I 
believe,  "Sir  Thomas")  was  a  Rivers. 
Wras  she  a  Rivers  of  Rivers-hall  in  Essex  ? 
('Visitation  of  Hampshire,'  Harl.  Soc., 
vol.  Ixiv.) 

The  following  documents  would  throw 
further  light  on  the  history  of  the  family  : 
Early  Chancery  Proceedings,  bundle  41, 
no.  35,  Wode  v.  Leukenor ;  bundle  138, 
nos.  34  and  35,  Garth  v.  Threle  ;  bundle  305, 
no.  59,  Exham  v.  Dawtrey. 

(Sir  John's  contemporary,  Sir  Thomas 
Wood,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas, 
seems  to  have  belonged  to  the  Devonshire 
family.)  F.  LESLIE  WOOD. 

17  Girdlers  Road,  W.14. 

FUNERAL  CAKE. — Mention  of  "  funeral 
cake"  at  ante,  p.  129,  suggests  the  record 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  a  description  in  F  oik-Lore, 
xxviii.  305-6,  of  a  "  bag,"  formed  by  folded 
paper,  used  to  hold  funeral  biscuits  prepared 
for  mourners.  The  "  bag,"  of  which  very 
few  examples  can  exist,  has  passed  through 
my  hands,  and  is  now  in  the  Pitt -Rivers 
Museum,  Oxford.  ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

CHARLES  DICKENS  AT  HAZEBROUCK. — 
MR.  F.  H.  CHEETHAM'S  interesting  account 
(see  ante,  pp.  121,  143)  may  remind  us  that 
some  aspects  of  Hazebrouck  have  been 
immortalized  in  English  literature.  It  was 
in  the  top  story  of  the  Hotel  de  Ville  that 
Charles  Dickens  witnessed  that  wonderful 
performance  of  '  La  Famille  P.  Salcy,  com- 
posee  d' artistes  dramatiques,  au  nombre 
de  15  sujets,'  and  it  was  at  a  fete  in  the 
Grand'  Place  that  he  saw  the  Face-Maker, 
all  whose  efforts  to  disguise  himself  had  "  the 
effect  of  rendering  him  rather  more  like 
himself  than  he  was  at  first."  MR.  CHEET- 
HAM'S list  of  Flemish  surnames  is  well 
illustrated  by  Dickens' s  playful  argument 
for  stopping  at  the  town  :  "  I  can't  pronounce 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  12, 1921. 


half  the  long  queer  names  I  see  inscribed  over 
the  shops,  and  that  is  another  good  reason 
for  being  here,  since  I  surely  ought  to  learn 
how." 

'  In  the  French -Flemish  Country  '  is  one 
of  the  most  pleasing  among  the  '  Uncom- 
mercial Traveller '  papers,  and,  although 
Hazebrouck  is  nowhere  named  in  it,  the 
attentive  reader  has  little  hesitation  in 
identifying  the  place,  and  his  conjecture  is 
confirmed  if  he  looks  at  the  last  twenty 
lines  of  '  The  Calais  Night-Mail '  in  the  same 
volume.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

BOOK  BORROWERS. — These  are  sometimes, 
and  too  often  justly,  classed  amongst  the 
enemies  of  books  both  in  the  matter  of  ill- 
treatment  and  careless  and  culpable  reten- 
tion. No  wonder  that  generous  lenders  of 
books,  affix  to  their  treasures  ominous 
fulminations  against  those  who  damage, 
lose,  or  purloin  them.  The  following  speci- 
mens from  the  "Miscellany"  column  of 
The  Manchester  Guardian  are  worthy  of 
preservation  in  these  pages. 

"There  must  be  many  variants  on  the  rhyme' 
'  Steal  nob  this  book  for  fear  of  shame  '  written  by 
Lord  Haig  in  one  of  the  schoolbooks  now  exhibited 
at  a  bookshop  in  Bayswater.  Some  are  more 
aggressive,  such  as — 

Hie  metis  est  liber, 

And  that  I  will  show  ; 

Si  aliquis  rapiat 

I'll  give  him  a  blow, 
and 

Si  qnisquis  furetur 

This  little  libellum 

Per  Boechum,  per  Jovem  ! 

I'll  kill  him,  I'll  fell  him. 

In  ventrem  illius 

I'll  stick  my  scapellum. 

And  teach  him  to  steal 

My  little  libellum. 

"  French  schoolboys  draw  a  man  hanging  from 
the  gallows  and  write  underneath — 

Aspice  Pierrot  pendu 

Qui  hoc  librum  n'a  pas  rendu  ; 

Si  hoc  librum  redidisset 

Pierrot  pendu  non  fuisset. 

"  An  early  example  of  these  comminatpry  rhymes 
was  discovered  on  a  manuscript  belonging  to  Jean 
d'Orleans,  Comte  d'  Angouleme'  who  was  imprisoned 
for  33  years  in  this  Country  during  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  The  Count's  warning  to  book-thieves 
runs— 

Qui  che  livre  emblera 

A  gibet  Ce  Paris  pendu  sera, 

Et,  si  n'est  pendu,  noiera, 

Et  si  rie  noie,  il  ardera, 

Et  si  n'art,  pire  fin  lera." 

Here  is  another,  quaint  in  expression,  and 
over  a  century  old,  penned  by  a  Benjamin 
Bury,  of  Accrington,  a  great  book  collector 


in  his  day.  As  a  lender  he  was  also  renowned 
but  found  it  necessary  to  attach  the  following 
to  his  volumes  : — 

"  This  Book  belongs  to  Benjamin  Bury. 

If  thou  art  borow'd  by  a  friend 

Right  welcome  shall  he  be. 
To  read,,to  copy,  not  to  lend, 

But  to  return  to  me  ; 
Not  that  imparted  knowledge  dotfer 

Diminish  learning's  store. 
But  books  I  tind  if  often  lent, 

Return  to  me  no  more. 

"  Read  slowly,  pause  frequently,  think  seriously,, 
keep  cleanly,  return  duly,  with  the  corner  of  the? 
leaves  not  turned  down  " 

A  collection  of  such  literary  trifles  would 
form  an  interesting  volume.  Neither  Burton 
nor  Disraeli  touches  upon  them.  E!ven> 
Fitzgerald  ignores  them  in  his  '  Book 
Fancier,'  the  single  approach  to  the  subject 
being:  a  quoted  statement  of  Dyce  regarding 
Heber's  generosity  in  book-lending  : — 

"  He  was  the  most  liberal  cf  book-collectors:  I 
never  asked  him  for  the  loan  of  a  volume,  which 
he  could  lay  his  hand  on,  he  did  not  immediately 
send  me." 

Heber  had  a  library  of  119,  613  volumes, 
and  we  must  hope  that  his  borrowers  never 
forced  him  to  attach  a  minatory  warning  to 
each  volume.  J.  B.  Me  GOVERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

ST.  AGNES-LE-CLERE  =  ANISEED  GLARE. — 
This  instance  of  the  corruption  of  a  local 
place-name  is  provided  in  the  Plan  of 
London  and  Westminster  accompanying 
'The  Universal  Pocket  Book,'  1745.  Pre- 
sumably the  engraver  "  E.  Borren  "  has 
here  recorded  the  popular  name,  which  has 
some  phonetic  resemblance  to  its  original 
and  no  other  derivations. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

CARDINAL  NEWMAN'S  BIRTHPLACE. — 
From  an  old  Directory  it  appears  that  John; 
Newman,  banker,  lived  at  80  Old  Broad 
Street  in  1801,  and  this  would  be  the  birth- 
place (Feb.  21)  of  the  future  Cardinal.  The- 
number  of  the  house  is  not  given  in  Ward's 
'  Life '  and  the  matter  is  ignored  in  the 
'  Blue  Guide.'  From  the  map  it  appears 
that  the  house  was  in  a  court  at  the  back 
approached  by  a  passage  between  79  and  81 , 
The  whole  site  is  now  covered  by  a  block  of 
offices  (75).  St.  Benet  Fink  was  the  parish 
church,  and  there  he  was  baptized  ;  it  was 
pulled  down  in  1844  and  the  site  is  marked 
by  the  Peabojly  statue.  The  family  re- 
moved to  Ham  about  1804,  and  returned  to 
London  in  1808,  to  17  Old  Broad  Street, 


12  s.  vni.  MARCH  12, 1921.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


on  the  opposite  side  to  their  old  house,  and 
that  was  their  home  till  1821.  There 
appears  to  be  no  monument,  not  even  a 
tablet,  in  the  city  to  commemorate  its  most 
distinguished  nineteenth-century  native. 

J.  J.  B. 


(SJuems. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


MERIDIANS  OF  LONDON  AND  OF  GREEN- 
WICH.— When  was  the  meridian  of  London 
first  used  by  map-makers  ;  was  it  always 
taken  as  passing  through  St.  Paul's ;  and 
when  did  that  of  Greenwich  supersede  it  on 
maps  ? 

In  J.  Adams's  'Index  Villaris,'  1680,  the 
"respective  difference  of  longitude  "  of  the 
cities,  market-towns,  &c.,  is  "Eastward  or 
Westward  from  London."  The  given  longi- 
tude of  London  is  zero.  Next  but  one  in 
order  to  London  is  London  House,  Bishop 
of  London  (Dr.  Henry  Compton),  also  zero. 
*  A  Description  of  the  Windward  Passage  ' 
(Anon.),  1739,  p.  4,  says  : — 

"The  Longitude is  counted  upon  the  Equator 

in  Degrees  proportionable  to  that  of  the  Latitude, 
beginning  at  the  tirst  Meridian  (which  with  us  is 
that  of  London),  and  from  thence  is  reckoned  East 
and  West  for  180  Degrees  each  Way." 

In  Thomas  Salmon's  '  Modern  History  ; 
or,  The  Present  State  of  All  Nations,'  3rd 
edn.,  1744-46,  the  maps,  by  Herman  Moll 
(d.  1732),  give  the  longitude  from  London, 
excepting  two  world  maps  in  which  the  first 
meridian  is  that  of  Ferro.  Incidentally, 
I  may  mention  that  Salmon  (vol.  iii.  p.  93) 
writes  : — 

"Ferro,  the  most  westerly  island  of  the  Canaries, 
situate  in  27  degrees  odd  minutes  north  latitude, 
and  'till  lately  made  the  first  meridian  by  most 
nations." 

In  Gough's  Camden's  'Britannia,'  1789, 
excepting  two  appearing  in  the  prefatory 
matter,  all  the  maps  have  London  as  the 
first  meridian.  Several  of  these  particu- 
larize St.  Paul's,  e.g.,  vol.  i.,  in  the  'Map 
of  Surry  '  the  line  is  marked  "Meridian  of 
St.  Pauls,"  and  passes  through  the  cathe- 
dral. Again,  vol.  ii.  the  '  Map  of  Middlesex  ' 
has  "Meridian  of  St.  Pauls,"  the  line  passing 
through  the  cathedral. 

Some  of  these  maps  are  inscribed  "  E. 
Noble,  delin.  &  curavit,"  while  all,  excepting 


the  aforesaid  prefatory  maps,   have    "En- 
graved by  J.  Gary." 

I  presume  that  this  J.  Gary  was  the  John 
Gary,  Engraver  &  Map -seller,  181  -Strand, 
who  published  Jan.  1,  1793,  'Gary's  New 
and  Correct  English  Atlas  :  Being  a  New  Set 
of  County  Maps  '  ;  and  June  11,  1794, 
'Gary's  New  Map  of  England  and  Wales, 
with  Part  of  Scotland.'  In  the  former  the 
map  of  "  South  Britain  "  and  the  county 
maps  have  the  longitude  east  or  west  from 
London.  In  the  latter  the  general  map  and 
the  sectional  maps  have  the  longitude  east 
or  west  from  Greenwich.  This  difference 
would  prima  facie  indicate  1793-94  as  the 
date  of  the  change,  but  the  work  of  drawing 
and  engraving  would  no  doubt  in  each  case 
take  a  long  time,  so  that  probably  their  actual 
dates  would  be  a  good  deal  earlier.  Indeed, 
although  in  the  former  nearly  all  the  maps 
are  dated  Jan.  1,  1793,  that  of  Leicester- 
shire is  dated  May  1,  1792,  and  those  of 
Monmouthshire  and  Worcestershire,  Sept.  1, 
1787.  In  the  latter  all  the  sections  which 
are  dated,  as  nearly  all  are,  have  1794, 
most  of  them  June  11,  while  about  a  fifth  of 
them  are  dated  June  1. 

In  any  case  it  would  appear  that  tha 
Greenwich  meridian  did*  not  supersede  that 
of  London  on  maps  until  over  a  century 
after  the  foundation  of  the  Observatory. 

Was  there  ever  in  St.  Paul's  a  meridian 
line  like  that  in  the  church  of  San  Petronio, 
Bologna,  traced  by  Giovanni  Domenico 
Cassini  in  1652  or  1653  ? 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

THOMAS  BUTLER  (obit.  1621).— In  the 
south  aisle  of  Frindsbury  Church,  near 
Strood,  Kent,  is  a  curious  old  memorial 
(apparently  of  painted  or  varnished  wood) 
bearing  the  following  inscription  : — 

Here  Doth  Thomas  Buttler  remaine 
•     That  Sarved  Queen  Elizabethe  all  her  Raine 
In  Ingland  France  and  Spane 
In  Ireland  Scotland  with  The  Best 
And  Heare  in  Grave  his  Corps  doth  Rest. 

A.  D.  1621. 

Dennis,  The  wife  of  Thomas  Buttler 
Was  Buried  The  Second  day  of  January 

A  N  O.  Dom.  1607. 
Margaret,  The  wife  of  Thomas  Buttler 
Was  Buried  The  Third  day  of  February 

A  N  0.  Dom.  1617. 

Could  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  supply  any 
information  concerning  the  services  ren- 
dered to  "Good  Queen  Bess"  by  this 
gentleman  ?  Were  they  of  a  naval  or 
military  nature  ?  H.  HARDWICK. 

8  Hallswelle  Road,  Golder's  Green,  N.W.ll. 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  12, 1921. 


EDMUND  GIBSON. — As  I  am  engaged  in  a  !      GENERAL     SIR     HENRY     F.     CAMPBELL, 


special  study  of  Edmund  Gibson,  successively 
bishop  of  Lincoln  (1716-23)  and  London 
(1723-48),  I  should  be  greatly  obliged  if  any 
of  your  readers  could  tell  me  of  the  where- 
abouts of  certain  letters  and  papers  of  the 
Bishop,  which  were  discovered  some  fifteen 
years  ago  by  Canon  Sparrow  Simpson  of  St. 
Paul's,  and  passed  from  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  into  the  possession  of  General  Dalton, 
Mr.  C.  J.  Hill  and  Mr.  E.  Poore,the  Bishop's 
descendants.  I  have  been  favoured  with 
access  to  the  materials  of  the  two  former, 
but  cannot  find  any  trace  of  the  papers 
belonging  to  Mr.  Poore.  NORMAN  SYKES. 
Queen's  College,  Oxford. 

"BURNT  HIS  BOATS." — Can  any  one  say 
who  first  used  this  phrase  ? 

HARRY  K.  HUDSON. 
Stratford  Lodge,  St.  Peter's  Road,  Twickenham. 

"  ZICES  "  OR  "  SCREEDS." — In  the  seven- 
teenth century  the  Corporation  of  Swansea 
sometimes  provided  medicines,  fomentations, 
and  other  forms  of  assistance  in  sickness  for 
the  poor.  In  1644  there  were  paid  out  of  the 
town  purse  the  following  sums  : — 


pd.  for  Zices  or  Screeds  to  lysons  wife 

pd.  for  a  panne  to  bbylle  them 

pd.  Wm.  Mathew  for  a  tubb  to  hould  ye 


s.  d. 
00  06 
00  04 

00  03 


K.C.B.,  RANGER  OF  RICHMOND  PARK. — 
Information  desired  as  to  the  place  where 
he  married,  on  Apr.  2,  1808,  Emma,  daughter 
of  Thos.  Williams  and  widow  of  Col.  Thos. 
Knox,  Foot  Guards.  Also  the  place  and 
dates  of  the  birth  of  his  three  children, 
George,  Frances  and  Harriet  Campbell — 
especially  of  this  last  who  married  Col. 
Robert  Moorsom  of  the  Scots  Guards. 
Information  can  be  sent  direct. 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 
Swallowfield  Park,  Beading. 

"  A  HOGARTH  MINIATURE  FRAME." — At 
a  recent  auction  of  old  family  possessions  a 
miniature  was  sold  which  was  vouched  for  as 
being  "  in  a  genuine  old  Hogarth  miniature 
frame." 

Can  any  reader  favour  me  with  the  special 
characteristics  of  such  a  frame,  and  tell  me 
also  if  Hogarth  was  known  as  a  miniature 


painter. 


Y.  T. 


These  are  all  the  items  referring  to  the 
subject.  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  what 
*'  zices  "  or  "screeds"  were. 

W.  H.  JONES. 

Royal  Institution  of  S.  Wales,  Swansea. 

BLOUNT  OF  LINCOLNSHIRE. — The  brother 
of  £ir  Walter  Blount,  created  1466  Baron 
Mount  joy,  was  Sir  Thomas  Blount  of 
Lincolnshire  who  married,  as  his  second 
•wife,  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Gervase 
C  ifton.  I  should  much  like  to  have  the 
name  cf  his  first  wife,  and  to  know  if  Sir 
Thomas  left  other  children  besides  Richard 
Blount  of  Iver,  Bucks,  who  purchased 
Mapledurham  in  1490.  Co  B.  A. 

IMPALED  ON  A  THORN. — What  is  the  origin 
of  the  folk-belief  that  nightingales  and 
yellow-hammers  sing  with  their  breasts 
impaled  upon  thorns  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

BOOK  WANTED. — Can  any  reader  tell  me 
where  I  could  obtain  a  copy  of  a  book  en- 
titled either  'The  Annals  of  the  Four 
Masters,'  or  'Irish  Histories  by  the  Four 
Masters  '  ?  E.  A.  K.  DUNNE. 

Runnimede,  Dolphin  Road,  Slcugh. 


A  "  PHIOLAD  "OF  BARLEY. — In  the  Reports 
of  the  Commissioners  for  inquiring  concerning 
Charities  (1834)  there  is  mentioned,  as  part 
of  the  endowment  of  a  charity  in  the  parish 
of  Eglwys  Rhos,  in  Carnarvonshire,  a 
"  phiolad  of  barley  (i.e.,  one-third  of  a 
peck)."  Can  any  reader  give  the  derivation 
of  phiolad  ?  The  word  is  not  in  the  '  N.E.I).' 
nor  in  the  only  Welsh  dictionary  to  which 
I  have  access.  C.  A.  COOK. 

Sullingstead,  Hascombe,  Godalming. 

PUREFOY. — Can  any  correspondent  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  give  me  the  Christian  names  of 
the  daughters  of  George  Purefoy  of  Wadley, 
Bucks,  ("extinct  baronet")  by  his  wife 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Willoughby 
of  Risley  (also  "  ext.  bart.")  and  say  to 
whom  they  were  married  ? 

WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  co.  Down. 

HENRIETTA  GORDON,  DAME  D-ATOUR  TO  THE 
QUEEN  OF  FRANCE. — Henrietta  Gordon  (born 
1629),  only  surviving  child  of  the  Viscount 
of  Melgum  (burned  at  Frendraught,  1630), 
became  dame  d'atour  in  1649,  as  recorded, 
in  a  rigmarole  way  by  Father  Gilbert 
Blakhal  in  his  '  Brieffe  Narration  of  three 
noble  ladyes '  (Aberdeen,  Spalding  Club, 


1844). 
died? 


Does    any    reader    know   when   she 
She  was  alive  in  1666  or  1667  about 


which  date  Blakhal  wrote  his  queer  book. 
J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
37  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 


12  S.VIIJ.MABCH  12, 1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


211 


INSCRIPTION  ON  CLARET-JUG. — Can  any 
reader  throw  light  on  the  origin  of  the 
following  inscription,  which  was  engraved 
on  a  glass  claret  -  j  ug  :  "No  Jews — Lord 
Egmont  for  ever  "  ?  B. 

SIR  HANS  SLOANE'S  BLOOMSBURY  HOUSE. 
— Can  any  reader  kindly  inform  me  exactly 
where  Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Bloomsbury  house 
was  ?  Various  authorities  locate  him  in 
•Great  Russell  Street,  the  '  D.N.B.'  in 
Bloomsbury  Square,  and  Edmund  Howard, 
who  helped  to  move  his  collection  to  Chelsea, 
says  Little  Russell  Street.  It  must  have 
been  a  large  house,  as  it  contained  an 
•enormous  museum  of  "  gimcracks,"  besides 
about  50,000  books.  R.  B. 

*  HlNCHBRIDGE  HAUNTED  ;   A  COUNTRY 

GHOST  STORY.' — -Can  any  one  tell  me  the 
name  of  the  writer  of  an  old  novel  of  this 
title,  by  the  author  of  'The  Green  Hand,' 
'The  Two  Frigates,'  &c.,  published  by 
James  Blackwood  &  Co.  (no  date).  There  is 
little  or  no  actual  haunting  in  it,  some 
occasional  vagueness  of  style,  but  clever 
-characterization  and  a  certain  consecutive 
interest.  R.  M. 

CHERRY  ORCHARDS  OF  KENT. — It  is  said 
that  these  were  first  planted  around  Sitting- 
bourne  by  one  of  Henry  the  Eight's  gar- 
•deners.  Is  this  correct  ?  J.  ARDAGH. 

EPITAPHS    DESIRED. — I    am    anxious    to 
obtain     the     following    epitaphs :     William 
Billinge  (1791),  Longnor,  Staffs,  and  George 
Rowleigh,     watchmaker,     Lydford     Chyd. 
Devon.  J.  ARDAGH. 

SHAKESPEARE  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAME 
- — In  his  article  on  Master  John  Bretch 
girdle,  MR.  FRIPP  writes  (p.  148)  : — 

"  Symons  always  spells  Shakespeare  in  M 
own  fashion — Shakspeyr — and  pronounced  it  a 
we  do  now." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  MR.  FRIPP' s 
grounds    for    the    latter    statement.     Othe 
spellings  are  Shackspere,  Shaxper,  Shagspere 
(in     the     marriage     bond),     Shaxpur.     Sir 
Sidney  Lee  says  the  commonest  form  was 
Shaxpeare.     All    these    point  •  to    Shack    a. 
the  pronunciation  of  the  first  syllable.     Al 
the  spellings,  before  the  date  of  the  play 
•  and  poems,  are  compatible  with  this  pro 
nunciatkm,  and  many  are  incompatible  wit] 
Shake.     I  do  not  think  there  is  room  fo 
doubt  how  Stratford  pronounced  the  nam 
• — subject  to  fresh  evidence  that  MR.  FRIP 
may  have  to  produce. 

GEORGE  HOOKHAM. 


LONDON  SOCIETY  IN  1747. — I  should  like 
o  be  referred  to  printed  contemporary 
ources,  such  as  diaries,  letters,  &c.,  which 
vould  assist  in  identifying  persons  going 
bout  in  the  best  social  circles,  or  attending 
Ranelagh  and  Vauxhall  in  1747.  Walpole's 
Letters '  have  been  used.  R.  S.  B. 

JOHN  HANDS. — He  travelled  in  India  as  a 

missionary   about   one   hundred   years   ago. 

Are   his   travels   described   anywhere,  or   is 

here  any  record    of    his    having    acted    as 

haplain  to  H.M.  84th  Regt.  ? 

MAZINGARBE. 

GASTON  DE  Foix. — What  relation,  if  any, 
vas  Gaston  de  Foix,  1391,  author  of  the 
Livre  de  la  Chasse '  (which  was  rendered 
nto  English  as  "  Master  of  Game  "  by  the 
3uke  of  York  who  was  killed  at  Agincourt), 
Gaston  de  Foix,  who  won  and  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Ravenna  in  1512  :  and  to 
Catherine  de  Foix  who  married  Jean 
d'Albret,  and  was  ancestress  of  Henri  IV  ? 

J.  W.  H. 

PLEES  FAMILY. — Particulars  are  desired 
concerning  the  careers  of  the  three  brothers 
lerein  described. 

1.  Charles  Gidley  Plees,  lieutenant,  34th 
Regt.  of  Native  Infantry,  or  Chiracoli  Light 
[nfantry ;     born     at     St.     Heliers,     Jersey, 
Feb.   17,  1808  ;  died  at  Bangalore,  June  6, 
1838. 

2.  Rev.    Robert   George   Plees,   of    "  An- 
sable   Forks,"    co.    Clinton,    New   York,   in 
1866 ;     born     in     Tower     Street,     London, 
Aug.  4,  1813  ;  married,  but  ob.  s.p. 

3.  Rev.    Henry   Edward    Plees   of    "The 
Carrying    Place,"     co.    of    Prince    Edward, 
Canada,  in  1866  ;  born  at  Canterbury  Place, 
Walworth,    Oct.     15,     1820 ;    married,    btit 
ob.  s.p.,  at  Kingston,  Canada,  Feb.  14,  1887. 

F.  GORDON  ROE. 

COBBOLD  FAMILY. — Does  the  following 
branch  of  the  Suffolk  Cobbolds  still  exist, 
and  how  was  it  connected  to  the  parent 
stem  ?  Charles  Cobbold,  severally  described 
as  being  of  St.  Peter's,  Colchester  (in  marriage 
license,  dated  Oct.  16,  1815),  of  Blakenham, 
Suffolk  (in  Add.  19147),  and  of  Ipswich 
(in  M.I.,  &c.).  Died  in  1859,  aged  66; 
buried  in  the  Roe  family  tomb  at  Darmsden, 
near  Ipswich.  Married  Ann(e),  only  dau. 
of  Owen  Roe,  of  Rose  Hill,  Ipswich.  She 
died  Nov.  29,  1851,  aged  50,  and  was  buried 
with  her  husband  and  parents.  The  follow- 
ing issue  is  recorded  to  my  knowledge  : 
Charles  Owen  Cobbold,  died  at  Calcutta, 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  12, 1921. 


Sept.  4,  1837,  aged  19  ;  Anne  Elizabeth  Roe 
Cobbold,  died  Feb.  4,  1837,  aged  11  ;  Geor- 
gina  Cobbold,  died  Mar.  30,  1837,  aged  8  ; 
— • — -  Cobbold,  "  only  surviving  child  :  a 
son"  (Add.  19147)  F.  GORDON  ROE. 

Arts  Club,  40  Dover  Street,  W.I. 

LEANDEB  CLUB  :  EARLY  RECORDS  SOUGHT. 
— The  club  was  founded  about  1820,  or 
possibly  a  year  or  two  previously ;  but  the 
early  records  have  been  lost. 

The  earliest  mention  I  have  come  across 
in  The  Sporting  Magazine. is  in  August,  1828, 
where  the  Leander  boat  is  described  as  a 
six-oared  cutter. 

In  the  September  number  of  the  same 
year  is  an  account  of  a  race  for  watermen 
for  a  purse  of  sovereigns,  subscribed  by  the 
members  of  the  Leander  and  Arrow  Clubs 
in  conjunction  with  several  other  gentlemen. 

Possibly  some  readers  of  '1ST.  &  Q.'  may 
be  able  to  furnish  earlier  references  from  old 
diaries  or  other  contemporary  literature. 

H.  A.  PITMAN. 

Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club,  Mall  Mall. 

SLAVE  OWNERS  IN  JAMAICA. — I  should  be 
very  glad  if  any  one  acquainted  with  the 
history  of  the  slave  trade  in  Jamaica  during 
the  period  1800  to  1820  could  inform  me 
whether  a  Mr.  James  Dickson  was  a  slave- 
owner in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary's  Isle, 
Jamaica,  during  that  time.  Mr.  Dickson 
is  said  to  have  died  there  about  1820  and  to 
have  left  an  estate  and  60,OOOZ.  in  cash.  If 
I  am  correct  in  the  foregoing  I  should 
esteem  any  information  regarding  his  parents 
who  resided  in  Edinburgh,  and  his  brothers 
and  sisters.  I  believe  his  sisters  were  Mrs. 
Dodds  and  Mrs.  Simpson,  and  that  they 
both  resided  in  Edinburgh. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Eoad,  Hove,  Sussex. 

THE  COFFIN-MOUSE. — We  read  in  Plu- 
tarch's '  Life  of  Marcellus  '  that 

"  when  Minucius  the  dictator  was  appointing 
Caius  Flaminius  his  master  of  the  knights,  the 
mouse  which  is  called  the  coffin-mouse  was  heard 
to  squeak." 

What  was  the  coffin-mouse,  and  what  the 
ceremony  referred  to  ? 

W.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

BIBLE  OF  JAMES  THE  FIRST. — What  were 
the  names  of  the  translators  of  this  work, 
issued  in  1611?  .The  translators  were 
Carlyle  says,  47  in  number.  Could  their 
names  be  given  for  reference  in  these 
columns?  G.  B.  M. 


GILES  JACOB,  HIS  YEAR  BOOKS  AND  LAW 
REPORTS. — In  the  abridged  edition  of  hi& 
Law  Dictionary  published  in  1743  there  is  a 
Catalogue  of  all  the  Year  Books  and  Law 
Reports  with  the  times  of  their  publication. 
The  first  items  are  the  Year  Books,  being: 
10  volumes  begun  1  Ed.  Ill,  Anno  1326 
and  continued  to  12  Hen.  VIII,  1521,  and 
the  list  goes  down  to  near  his  own  tine. 

Are  these  publications  recognized  as  now 
of  any  substantial  value  ?  Probably  they 
are  not  reasonably  accessible  ! 

Do  the  Record  office  publications  super- 
sede them  as  covering  the  same  ground  ? 

W.   S.  B.  H. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — 

1.  Who  is  the  Author  of  the  following  lines 
which  I  think  were  published  in  The  Times  among 
the    "  In    Memoriam "    notices    about    Nov.    11 
last : — 
For  in  the  song  of  birds,  the  scent  of  flowers, 

The  evening's  silence,  and  the  falling  dew, 
Through  every  throbbing  pulse  of  Nature's  powers 

I'll  speak  to  you. 

L.  G.  M. 


"  COUNTS  OF  THE  HOLY  ROMAN 

EMPIRE." 
(12  S.  viii.   148.) 

POSSIBLY  A.  A.  A.  has  overlooked  Dr^ 
Round's  article  on  '  English  Counts  of  the 
Empire '  ( Ancestor,  vii.  15-25)  and  his  sub- 
sequent letter  under  the  same  heading 
(ibid.,  ix.  234).  In  the  latter  he  quoted  the 
essential  part  of  the  patent  from  Selden's 
*  Titles  of  Honour,'  and  remarked  that : — 

"  The  above  limitation  must  be  construed 
either  as  ennobling  all  the  members  of  the 
Arundel  family  descended  from  the  grantee 
(which  I  contend  is  the  right  interpretation)  or 
as  ennobling  the  host  of  families  who  can  trace 
descent  from  him  through  any  number  of  females.'  * 
The  latter  theory  reminds  one  of  the  happy 
land  where  "  Dukes  were  three  a  penny." 

Some  time  ago  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
examining  an  original  patent  of  nobility 
issued  by  the  Kaiser's  grandfather  as  King 
of  Prussia.  It  did  not  confer  any  title,  the 
effect  being  to  raise  the  recipient  from  a 
roturier  to  the  rank  of  gentilhomme,  if  I  may 
use  these  convenient  French  terms.  (It  is 
difficult  to  put  it  in  English,  as  in  our  country 
nobility  is  a  matter  of  titles,  not  of  blood.) 
The  wording  of  the  patent,  which  was  of 
course  in  German,  gave  the  impression  of 


12  S.  VIII.  MAKCH  12,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


213 


being  a  stereotyped  form,  which  may  have 
come  down  from  the  middle  ages,  as  it 
contained  references  to  tournaments  and 
jousting-comrades.  I  had  no  time  to  copy 
the  original,  but  the  most  important  clause 
began  thus,  by  my  translation  : 

"  We  therefore  elevate  and  promote,  out  of  the 
plenitude  of  our  royal  sovereign  power,  the  afore- 
said ....  together  with  the  heirs  of  his  body  and 
descendants  of  either  sex  already  begotten  and 
in  the  future  to  be  begotten  in  lawful  wedlock,  in 
descending  line,  hereby  and  in  virtue  hereof,  to 
the  rank  and  degree  of  the  nobility,"  &c. 

Here  again  it  might  be  argued  that  if  any 
female  descendant  of  the  grantee  were  to 
marry  a  roturier,  their  issue  and  descendants 
would  be  ennobled  ;  but  is  this  credible  ? 
The  same  wide  remainder  is  attached  to  the 
further  privileges  contained  in  the  same 
patent,  of  which  I  would  call  special  atten- 
tion to  the  grant  of  armorial  bearings  : — 

"  We  have  granted  to. .  .  .and  to  the  heirs  of  his 
body  and  his  descendants  already  begotten  and 
in  the  future  to  be  begotten  in  lawful  wedlock, 
of  male  and  female  sex,  the  arms  and  insignia 
hereafter  described." 

If  this  be  taken  in  its  fullest  sense,  it  would 
mean  that  every  family  descended  from  the 
grantee's  daughters  or  other  female  de- 
scendants would  have  the  right  to  bear  the 
arms  granted  to  him,  although  not  repre- 
senting him  in  any  way  ;  which  would  reduce 
heraldry  to  chaos. 

It  seems  to  me  therefore  that  the  re- 
mainders in  this  patent  (apparently  a  stock 
form)  must  be  understood  in  the  limited 
sense  supported  by  Dr.  Round  for  the 
Arimdell  patent  ;  and  that  this  in  turn 
strongly  supports  his  interpretation  of  that 
patent.  Further,  I  would  suggest  that  the 
wording  of  the  Arundell  patent,  instead  of 
being  something  rare  and  strange,  is  pro- 
bably the  regular  formula  for  such  creations. 
I  doubt  whether  the  interpretation  accepted 
by  A.  A.  A.  would  ever  have  occurred  to 
the  Imperial  authorities,  for  such  a  theory 
<>f  wholesale  descent  through  females  would, 
I  should  think,  be  alien  from  the  German 
mind.  But  I  make  this  suggestion  with  due 
caution,  as  I  have  never  been  in  Germany, 
have  never  had  any  German  friends,  arid 
have  not  a  wide  acquaintance  with  German 
literature. 

In  his  article  cited  above,  Dr.  Round  deals 
with  a  similar  title  conferred  in  1759  on 
Horace  Paul  (grandson  of  Samuel  Paul, 
Invwer,  of  Millbank),  whose  mother  sub- 
sequently (1768)  obtained  an  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment to  change  the  name  to  "St.  Paul." 


The  family  also  adopted  the  arms  of  "the- 
mighty  house  of  Luxembourg,"  one  branch 
of  which  had  held  the  comte  of  St.  Paul 
or  St.  Pol ;  although  it  seems  doubtful, 
whether  the  Pauls  took  these  arms  direct 
from  the  Luxembourgs,  or  from  an 
English  family  of  St.  Paul  which  had 
appropriated  them  long  before.  This 
title  presumably  became  extinct  on  the 
death  of  the  last  male  descendant  of  the 
grantee,  although  the  daughter  (d.  1901) 
of  the  last  Graf  would  of  course  have  been 
entitled  to  style  herself  Grdfin,  just  as  the 
daughter  of  an  English  earl  would  be  styled 
Lady.  On  the  alternative  theory  all  de- 
scendants of  all  the  ladies  of  the  family 
would  be  entitled  to  style  themselves  Graf 
or  Grdfin  (which,  I  suggest,  are  the  correct 
translations  of  Comes  and  Comitissa  in  an. 
Austro -German  patent).  In  which  case  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  beatified  Pauls  did 
not  produce  so  many  "aunt's  sisters"  as 
Little  Lord  Fauntleroy's  family. 

G.  H.  WHITE. 
23  Weighton  Boad,  Anerley. 

A.  A.  A.  ends  his  account  of  the  Patent 
granted  by  the  Emperor  Rudolph  to  the 
first  Lord  Arundell  of  Wardour  by  saying- 
"I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  of  any  other 
Patents  of  this  dignity." 

I  do  not  know  whether  there  are  many 
other  such,  but  there  is  at  least  one  which 
bears     a     striking     similarity     to     it.     The- 
original  is  among  my  family  possessions,  and 
by  Royal  command  has  been  registered  in 
the  College  of  Arms.     It  was  granted  by  the- 
Emperor    Francis    I.    on    July,  20,   1759  to 
Horace  St.  Paul,  an  English  volunteer  during 
the  Seven  Years'  War,  who  was  A.D.O.  and 
Colonel  of  Cavalry  in  the  Austrian  Army. 
The  following  translation  of  a  part  of  the- 
Latin  diploma  bears  a  notable  resemblance 
to  that  granted  by  the  Emperor  Rudolph. 

"  We,  of  Our  own  free  will,  with  complete 
knowledge  and  clear  deliberation  and  in  the 
plentitude  of  our  Csesarean  power,  do  create 
delare  and  nominate  the  aforesaid  Horatius  PaulA 
of  St.  Paul  of  Byram,  and  all  his  children  and 
legitimate  descendants  of  both  sexes,  as  Our 
Counts,  and  Counts  of  the  Sacred  Roman  Empire  ; 
and  We  decorate  and  adcrn  them  with  the  title,, 
honour,  and  dignity  of  Counts  or  of  Countship  ; 
and  we  enrol  and  place  them  in  the  number,, 
company,  and  assemblage,  of  the  other  Counts 
of  the  Sacred  Roman  Empire  :  decreeing  and  by 
this  our  Csesarean  Edict  ordaining  that  the  said 
Horatius  Paul  of  Saint  Paul  of  Byram  and  all 
his  children  and  legitimate  descendants  of  both, 
sexes,  for  all  time  hereafter,  shall  use  the  title, 
both  in  writing  and  in  speech,  of  Counts  of  the 


'214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  12, 1921. 


'Sacred   Roman    Empire,    and   in   all   places   and 
lands,  in  every  occupation  and  career,  shall  be 

•called  and  held  to  be  true  Counts  of  the  Sacred 
Roman  Empire.     (Sacri  Romani  Imperil  Comites 

•  did  et  haberi)." 

H.  G.  ST.  P.  B. 


HAZEBROUCK  (12  S.  viii.  121,  143,  197).— 
By  an  error  of  transcription  I  stated  at 
p.  121  that  the  old  province  of  Flandre 
Maritime  existed  "  in  its  full  extent  "  from 
the  Peace  of  Ryswick  "  down  to  the  Revolu- 
tion." This,  of  course,  is  obviously  in- 
correct. The  chdtellenies  of  Fumes  and 
Ypres  had  been  detached  and  restored  to  the 
^Netherlands  as  far  back  as  1713.  The 
boundaries  of  the  province  of  Flandre 
Maritime  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 

•  centuries  underwent  several  changes,  which 
may  be  thus  summarized  : — 

1.  By  the  Treaty  of  the  Pyrenees  in  1659 
Gravelines  and  its  forts  together  with  the 

•  chdtellenie    of    Bourbourg    were    ceded    to 
France  by  Spain,  and  became  the  nucleus 
from  which  the  Province  developed. 

2.  In  1662  Dunkerque  was  purchased  from 
TEngland,  and  Mardyck  acquired. 

3.  In  1668  Bergues  and  Furnes  with  their 
'dependencies  were  annexed  by  France,  and 
the  "  Intendance  de  la  Flandre  Maritime" 

p  -came  into  being.  • 

4.  In   1678,  by  the  Treaty  of  Nymegen, 
France     further     acquired    the     chdtellenies 

•  of  Cassel,  Bailleul,  and  Ypres,  which  being 
;  added  to  Flandre  Maritime  nearly  doubled 

the  area  of  the  province.  There  was  a 
slight  extension  in  1699,  when  Merville  and 
the  Forest  of  Nieppe  were  added.  At  this 
period  Flandre  Maritime  was  at  its  greatest 
•extent,  and  included  five  fortified  towns 
.{Ypres,  Furnes,  Dunkerque,  Bergues,  anc 
•Gravelines),  fourteen  open  towns  (including 
Hazebrouck  and  Cassel),  and  236  villages. 

5.  By  the  Peace  of  Utrecht  (1713)  Franc 
'lost  Ypres  and  Furnes  with  their  chdtellenies 
which   were    incorporated    in   the    Austrian 

"Netherlands.     There     were     slight     adjust 

orients  in  1769  and  1779,  but  otherwise  the 

•  eastern  boundary  of  the  province  after  th« 

Peace  of  Utrecht  was  pretty  much  that   o 

the  Franco -Belgian  frontier  of  to-day. 

F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 

BODY'S  ISLAND  (12  S.  vii.  470). — Bodie' 
or  Body's  Island  got  its  name  from  the  Hon 
K.  W.  Boddie  of  Nashville,  North  Carolina 
•see  H.  Gannett' s  '  Origin  of  certain  Place 
juames  in  the  United  States.'  N.  H. 


RANELAGH    IN    PAKIS   (12    S.   viii.    171). 

think  I  am  able  to  give  the  required  iii- 
ormation.  In  the  '  Nouveau  Dictionnaire 
listorique  de  Paris,'  by  Gustave  Pessard 
Paris,  1904),  p.  1227,  one  can  read  : — 

"  The  ball  of  the  Ranelagh,  part  of  which 
.isappeared  under  the  reign  of  Napoleon  III.  in 
onsequence  of  the  alterations  decided  by  baron 
laussmann,  was  founded  in  1774  by  a  certain 
VEoisan,  keeper  of  one  of  the  gates  of  the  Bois  de 
Boulogne,  who  had  obtained  authorization  to  put 
up  an  enclosure  to  close  up  the  place  and  to  use 
t  as  a  place  for  dancing  and  entertainment 
with  a  '  caf6  '  and  a  theatre. 

"  As  the  fashion  was  then  to  admire  everything 
hat  came  from  England  it  was  given  the  name  of 
Ranelagh,    similar    to    an    establishment    of    the 
ame  kind  which  then  existed  in  London. 

"  In  the  newspapers  of  the  day,  one  can  read  : 

Le  petit  Coblenz,  les  Champs-Elys^es,  les 
Tuileries,  Bagatelle  even,  are  not  any  longer  in 
ashion.  The  "  bon  ton  "  requires  a  promenade 

on  the  lawns  of  the  Ranelagh '     When  Marie 

Antoinette  stopped  at  the  castle  of  La  Muette, 
ler  great  pleasure  was  to  show  herself  there. 
Afterwards  Mesdames  Tallien  et  R^camier  were 
ihe  queens  of  the  place.  The  Duchesse  de  Ben 
was  there  at  the  beginning  of  the  Restoration 
About  1811  a  fashion  paper  states  what 
highest  '  bon  ton '  to  observe  concern 
'emale  attire  : — 

"  '  En  grande  parure,  la  gorge  est  nue.  Oi 
fait  des  tuniques  sans  corsages,  sans  Epaulettes, 
par  consequent  qui  ne  sont  retenues  que  par 
ceinture.  La  mode  n'admet  pour  les  chapea 
de  femme  que  les  extremes.  Le  matin,  ils  soi 
grands  comme  des  parapluies,  le  soir,  ils  sont 
imperceptibles.  Pour  le  rouge,  on  n'en  m< ' 
que  le  matin.  Le  soir,  il  faut  etre  pale  coi 
la  mort.'  " 

C.  BRUNNER. 

PRONUNCIATION  OF  GREEK  (AND  LATIN) 
(12  S.  viii.  26,  78). — From  the  nature  of  the 
case  one  can  hardly  expect  to  assign  an 
exact  date  to  the  process  by  which  one 
mode  of  pronunciation  gives  place  to 
another.  But  SURREY  may  be  interested  in 
looking  up  an  answer  on  the  pronunciation 
of  Latin  at  12  S.  i.  353,  where  an  extract 
is  given  from  Sir  John  Sandys 's  '  History  of 
Classical  Scholarship,'  with  references  bear- 
ing on  the  same  matter  to  Strype's  '  Eccle- 
siastical Memorials,'  Cooper's  'Annals  of 
Cambridge,'  and  Mullinger's  'University  of 
Cambridge.'  These  writers  may  be  con- 
sulted with  profit  with  regard  to  the  history 
of  the  changes.  Any  miscellaneous  dis- 
cussion of  the  scientific  or  practical  reasons 
for  the  adoption  of  particular  methods  of 
pronouncing  the  so-called  dead  languages 
seems  to  me  at  least  to  call  for  an  inordinate 
amount  of  space  and  usually  to  open  the 
floodgates  to  much  unprofitable  talk. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  12, 1921.]  NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


215 


ANECDOTE  OF  LAURENCE  STERNE  (12  S. 
viii.  129). — The  paragraph  quoted  by  ST. 

:  S  WITHIN  from  The  Yorkshire  Post  of  October, 
1765,  is  of  real  interest  as  anticipating  the 
use  which  Sterne  made  of  the  same  com- 
parison in  the  '  Sentimental  Journey,'  first 
published  in  February,  1768. 

Yorick,  after  remarking  to  the  Count  de 
B[issie]  that  the  French  are  polite  to  an 

•  excess,   explains  his  meaning  thus  : — 

"  I  had  a  fevd  king  William's  shillings  as 
smooth  as  glass  in  ray  pocket ;  and  foreseeing 
they  would  be  of  use  in  the  illustration  of  my 
hypothesis,  I  had  got  them  into  my  hand,  when 
I  had  proceeded  so  far  :  See,  Mons.  le  Count,  said 
I,  rising  up,  and  laying  them  before  him  upon  the 
table,  by  jingling  and  rubbing  one  against  another 
for  seventy  years  together  in  one  body's  pocket  or 
another's,  they  are  become  so  much  alike,  you  can 

:  scarce  distinguish  one  shilling  from  another " 
('  A  Sentimental  Journey  through  France  and 
Italy,'  vol.  ii.,  '  Character.,  Versailles  '). 

He  then  likens  the  English  to  "  antient 
medals,  kept  more  apart."  In  the  early 
part  of  October,  1765,  Sterne  started  on  his 
last  Continental  journey.  Possibly  tjie  lines 
in  Th?  Yorkshire  Post  were  apropos  of  this. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

RICHARD  III.  (12  S.  viii.  169). — I  assume 
MEDINEWS  knows  of  the  reference,  with  note 
;at  foot,  to  the  traditional  Richard  Plan- 
tagenet's  son  of  above,  in  Hasted' s  'History 
•of  Kent  under  Eastwell,'vol.  iii.  (folio  edn.j, 
p.  202.  PERCY  HULBURD. 

124  Inverness  Terrace,  W. 

W.  E.  Flaherty  in  '.Annals  of  England' 
'(1857),  vol.  ii.  p.  99,  writes  :— 

"  Bichard  had  a  natural  daughter,  Katherine, 
~who  married  William  Herbert,  earl  of  Huntingdon, 
~but  is  believed  to  have  died  shortly  after.  Two 
matural  sons  are  also  ascribed  to  him,  and  a  tale 
ihas  been  told  of  one  of  them  living  in  Kent  to  the 
time  of  Edward  VI.  (1550),  and  following  for 
safety  the  craft  of  a  bricklayer,  but  its  truth  is 
very  doubtful." 

According  to  the  '  D.N.B.'  (xxvi.  220),  the 
Earl  of  Huntingdon  on  Feb.  29,  1484 
{Le.,  Sunday,  Feb.  29,  1483-4), 
"  covenanted  to  marry  Princess  Catharine, 
•daughter  of  Richard  III.  ;  but  the  princess  died 
Ibefore  the  time  appointed  for  the  marriage." 

Arthur  Collins  in  his  'Peerage'  (1735), 
ii.  498,  speaking  of  this  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
Ihas  this  passage  : — 

"  Which  William,  15  Nov.  1,  R.  III.,  was  con- 
stituted Justice  of  South  Wales  ;  and  on  the  last 
of  February  next  following,  entered  into  Covenant 
with  that  King  to  take  Dame  Catharine  Plan- 
,tagenet,  his  Daughter,  to  Wife,  before  the  Feast 
(of  St.  Michael,  then  next  following. . .  .But  this 
Lady  dying  in  her  tender  Years,  'tis  likely  that 
vthis  Marriage  did  not  take  effect." 


Murray's  '  Kent '  (1892),  at  p.  212,  says  : — 
"  From  Bough  ton  the  lower  road  should  be 
taken  to  Eastwell  Church,  in  which  is  buried  the 
'  last  of  the  Plantagenets.'  Richard,  a  natural 
son  of  Richard  III.,  is  said  to  have  fled  here 
immediately  after  the  battle  of  Bosworth,  and  to 
have  supported  himSelf  as  a  mason,  until  dis- 
covered by  Sir  Thomas  Moyle,  who  allowed  him 
to  build  a  small  house  adjoining  Eastwell  Place, 
in  which  he  lived  and  died  (1550).  The  parish 
register  of  burials  contains  the  following  entry, 
copied,  of  course,  from  an  earlier  book :  '  V. 
Rychard  Plantagenet,  Desember  22nd,  1550,' 
the  letter  V.  marking  persons  of  noble  birth 
throughout  the  register.  A  tomb  in  the  chancel, 
without  inscription  and  deprived  of  its  brasses  is 
said  to  belong  to  this  offset  of  the  White  Rose 
(but  the  Earl  of  Winchilsea  told  Dr.  Brett  in  1720 
that  it  was  unknown  whether  he  was  buried  in  the 
ch.  or  chyard.  See  Dr.  Brett's  letter  in  Pock's 
'  Desiderata  Curiosa')-  The  house  in  which 
Plantagenent  lived  was  destroyed  toward  the  end 
of  the  17th  century  ;  a  modern  building  marks 
the  site.  Near  it  is  a  spring  still  called  '  Plan- 
tagenet's  Well.'  " 

According  to  Lewis's  '  Topographical  Dic- 
tionary '  Richard  Plantagenet  was  81  when 
he  died.  In  1469  the  future  Richard  III. 
was  aged  19.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

COUNTESS  MACNAMABA  (12  S.  viii.  49,  114). 
— MB.  DE  TEBNANT  has  kindly  written  to 
inform  me  that  the  lady  referred  to  in  his 
reply  at  the  second  reference  was  born  at 
Perth  and  that  the  date  of  the  creation  of 
her  title  by  the  King  of  Naples  was  probably 
between  1815  and  1820.  Any  further  par- 
ticulars about  her  would  be  gratefullv 
received. 

In  giving  Countess  Macnamara's  account  of 
Mrs.  Atkyns's  visit  to  Queen  Marie- Antoinette 
in  the  Conciergerie,  M.  Frederic  Bareby, 
in  '  Madame  Atkyns  '  (Paris,  1905),  at  p.  86, 
says  in  a  note  : — 

"  Le  temoignage  de  la  comtesse  Mac-Namara  a 
ete  rapporte  par  Le  Norman  t  des  Varannes, 
'  Histoire  de  Louis  XVII.,'  Orleans,  1890,  in  8", 
pp.  10-14,  qui  le  tenaiti  du  vicomte  d'Orcet, 
lequel  avait  connu  la  comtesse." 

Perhaps  some  one,  who  has  access  to  M. 
Le  Xormant  des  Varannes' s  work,  will  say 
whether  it  throws  any  light  on  the  Countess. 

MB.  DE  TEBNANT  also  put  me  under  an 
obligation  by  referring  me  to  '  The  Pedigree 
of  John  Macnamara,  Esquire,'  privately 
printed  in  1908,  a  copy  of  which  is  in  the 
British  Museum.  This  book  does  not  men- 
tion the  Countess  in  question,  but  makes  it 
quite  clear  that  I  was  wrong  in  conjecturing 
at  10  S.  xi.  457  that  she  was  the  wife  of  the 
gentleman  who  was  created  Comte  by 
Louis  XVI.  in  1782.  The  author,  Mr.  R.  W. 
Twigge,  _  F.S.A.,  at  p.  47  writes,  that 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH -12,1021.. 


Henri- Pant aleon  Macnemara  was  born  at 
Rochefort  in  January,  1743,  and  entered  the 
French  navy,  that  he  was  created  Chevalier 
de  St  Louis  in  1775,  and  Count  in  1782,  and 
that  he  was  hanged  by  a  revolutionary 
?r»ob  in  Mauritius,  Nov.  4,  1790.  At  p.  54, 
Mr.  Twiejge  says  that  the  above  mentioned 
Count  Macnemara 

"  died  unmarried,  and  consequently  his  title 
became  extinct ;  but,  on  the  return  of  the  Bour- 
bons, it  was  assumed  by  a  certain  Comte  Albert- 
Joseph  Macnemara  "  of  Castel-town  "  (son  of 
Gerard  Macnemara  and  his  wife  Marie-Elisabeth 
Garbe),  who  was  born  at  Arras  9  April,  1766, 
served  among  the  French  emigres,  was  created  a 
Chevalier  of  St.  Louis  in  1796,  nominated 
Governor  of  the  Pages  of  Louis  XVIII.  in  1815, 
and  died  13  May,  1822,  leaving  no  issue  by  his 
wife,  Louise- Alexandrine-Laure  de  Chasi." 

MR.  DE  TERNANT  tells  me  that  this  lady 
was  an  Italian,  and  died  in  1812;  so  she 
cannot  have  been  the  Countess  Macnamara 
who  was  at  Richmond  in  August,  1832. 

JOHN  B.  WALNEWRIGHT. 

ORIGINAL  PORTRAITS  OF  JOHN  HOWARD, 

THE    PHILANTHROPIST    (12    S.    viii.    169). 

Portraits  of  John  Howard  occur  upon  the 
following  tokens  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
The  reference  numbers  are  those  of  Dalton 
Hamer's  '  Token  Coinage  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century,'  1910-1917:— 

Westminster. 
Dalton  182,  No.  929. 
O. — Bust  to  rierht,  IOHN  HOWARD,  F.R.S. 
R- — Cypher    H.    H.    ornamented,    WESTMINSTER 

"*  HALFPENNY  1792. 

Edge. PAYABLE  AT  THE  IRON  WAREHOUSE  NO.  3, 

EDGBASTON  STRT.  BIRM. 

It  is  not  now  known  why  H.  Hickman 
the  iron  merchant  of  Birmingham  called 
this  issue  a  Westminster  halfpenny. 

Dalton  279-144. 
O. — Similar  to  last. 
B" — Cypher  H.  H.  not  ornamented.     BIRMINGHAM 

PROMISSORY  HALFPENNY  1792. 

Edge. PAYABLE    AT    H.    HICKMAN'S    WAREHOUSE, 

BIRMINGHAM. 

Farthing  Dalton  312-481. 
O. — Bust  to  right,  IOHN  HOWARD,  F.R.S. 
R. — Similar  to  last  but  BIRMINGHAM  PROMISSORY 

FARTHING    1792. 

Edge.— H.  HICKMAN'S  WAREHOUSE  BIRMINGHAM. 

Portsmouth  Dalton  45-53. 
°- — Bust  to  right,  IOHN  HOWARD,  F.R.S.  PHILAN- 

TROPIST. 

R- — A   castle   with   crescent   and   star   above   it. 

PORTSMOUTH       AND       CHICHESTER       HALFPENNY 

1794. 

Edge.— PAYABLE  AT  SHARP'S  PORTSMOUTH  AND 

CALDECOTT'S  CHICHESTER. 

There  are  slight  varieties  of  the  dies  and 
that  with  Howard's  bust  is  known  with 
reverses  Liberty  standing  and  Britannia 
See  Dalton  46,  Nos.  56  and  57. 


Chichester  Dalton  256-18  and  19. 
O. — Similar  to  last. 
R. — Similar  but  legend   reads :   CHICHESTER  AND» 

PORTSMOUTH. 

Edge — Same  as  last. 
O. — Similar  to  last. 

R. — View  of  Chichester  Cross.  CHICHESTER  HALF- 
PENNY 179E. 

Edge.— PAYABLE  IN  LONDON. 

This  is  what  is  known  as  a  mule,  that  is- 
to  say  concocted  from  using  mixed  dies. 

Bath,  Dalton  230-35. 

O. — Bust  to  right,  IOHN  HOWARD  F.R.S.  HALF- 
PENNY. 

R. — Female  seated  pointing  to  a  prison  above- 
the  legend  :  GO  FORTH.  Outer  legend  :  REMEM- 
BER THE  DEBTORS  IN  GAOL. 

This  occurs  with  various  edge  readings. 

Dalton  115-207. 

O. — Bust  to  right,  IOHN  HOWARD  F.R.S.     In  small 
letters  below  the  bust :  w.  MAINWARING  FECIT. 
R. — HAUD  ULLI,  &c.,  in  seven  lines. 

This  is  not  an  eighteenth -century  penny,, 
but  a  medal  struck  soon  after  Howard' & 
death.  It  occurs  in  white  metal  and  copper.. 

ARTHUR  W.  WATERS. 
Leamington  Spa.- 

"  PERFIDE  ALBION  "  (12  S.  viii.  171).— 
Bossuet's  references  to.  "  La  pernde  Angle- 
terre,"  ^occurs  in  his  '  Premier  Sermon  pour- 
la  Circoncision.'  The  alteration  from. 
"  Angleterre  "  to  "  Albion  "  has  been  usually 
attributed  to  NaDoleon  I.r  who  used  it  as  the- 
Romans  used  Punica  fides.  But  Madame- 
de  Sevigne  (letter  511)  said  : — 

"  Je  crois  ,  en  ve"rite~  comme  vous,  que  le  ro» 
et  la  reine  d' Angleterre  sont  bien  mieux  a  Saint 
Germain  que  dans  leur  pernde  royaume." 

DE  V.  PAYEN-PAYNE. 

WILSON,  THE  "  RANGER  OF  THE  HIMA- 
LAYAS "  (12  S.  viii.  151,  194). — The  Pioneer 
Mail  of  Aug.  12,  1883,  contains  the  follow- 
ing obituary  notice  of  this  interesting 
traveller  and  sportsman  : — 

"  The  circle  of  those  who  knew  c  Mountaineer  *" 
in  his  prime  has  narrowed  to  so  small  a  number 
that  few,  who  casually  read  of  the  death  at 
Mussoorie,  a  few  days  ago  of  Mr.  Frederick 
Wilson,  will  have  been  conscious  that  a  remark- 
able man  has  passed  away.  An  ex-private 
soldier,  some  forty  years  ago  he  started  from 
Calcutta  with  five  rupees  and  a  gun,  on  his  long- 
march  to  the  Himalayas,  accomplishing  it 
successfully.  There,  amid  the  scenes  he  loved 
with  passion  to  the  last,  he  lived  for  many  years- 
by  the  sale  of  what  he  shot,  and  finally  embarked 
in  timber  contracts  in  the  forests  with  which  he- 
was  so  familiar  until  he  amassed  a  considerable 
fortune.  A  short,  wiry,  hard  man  with  a  cheerful, 
generous  spirit  and  indomitable  pluck  :  a  genial 
and  instructive  companion  ;  though  wholly  self- 
educated,  he  added  to  the  lore  of  the  sportsman 
and  the  naturalist  contributions  full  of  bright 


12  s.  vin.  MARCH  12,  i92L]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


^Imagination  and  literary  grace ;  whilst  for  all 
'  the  moving  incidents  by  flood  and  field  '  of 
which  he  had  been  a  part,  he  was  singularly 
•modest  and  self-effacing.  The  hardships  and 
•privations  of  his  earlier  career  told  on  his  declining 
years  and  hastened  his  death.  He  looked  forward 
•to  the  end  as  only  a  change  to  a  happier  hunting- 
<  ground." 

Frederick  Wilson  published  a  series  of 
;  articles  in  The  Indian  Sporting  Review 
•entitled  'Game  in  the  Himalayas,'  by 
"  Mountaineer."  See  also  '  A  Summer 
Ramble  in  the  Himalayas,  with  Sporting 
Adventures  in  the  Vale  of  Cashmere.' 
Edited  by  "Mountaineer,"  London,  1860, 
•  arid  Andrew  Wilson's  '  The  Abode  of  Snow,' 
London,  1875,  p.  34. 

HENRY  F.  MONTAGNIER. 

Champery,  Valais. 

"H.   K.,"   MEMBER  FOR  MALDON  (12  S. 

viii.  169). — Your  readers  may  be  interested 
to  see  the  lines  in  extenso,  from  the  poem 
'  Oppression,'  published  in  1765.  They  are 

:as  f ollows  : — 

"Prom  H k,  the  veriest  monster  on  the  earth, 

The  fell  production  of  some  baneful  birth, 

Their  ills  proceed  ;  from  him  they  took  their  date, 

'The  source  supreme,  and  center  of  all  hate. 
*  *  * 

"From   meanness   first,    this   Portsmouth   Yankey 

rose, 

And  still  to  meanness,  all  his  conduct  flows  ; 
'This  alien  upstart,  by  obtaining  friends, 

From  T — wn -ds  clerk,  a  M — Id — n  member 

ends. 

Would  Heaven  that  day  !  was  dated  in  record, 
Which  shin'd  propitious,  on  one  so  abhorr'd  ; 
'That  day,  which  saw  how  threats  and  gold  could 

bribe, 

And  heard  the  huzzas  of  a  compell'd  tribe  : 
'That  horrid  day,  when  first  the  scheme  he  laid, 
"I"  oppress  America,  and  cramp  her  trade  ; 
Would     it    were    mark'd  !  that    thousands     yet 

unborn, 

Might  read  the  story,  and  the  vagrant  scorn  ;* 
'That  hate  coequal,  to  their  wrongs  might  last, 

.And  never  cease,  till  the  H k — name  is  lost. 

It   will  be  noticed  that  the  member  for 

Maldon's  name  is  printed  in  one  case  H k 

and  in  the  other  H k — ,  and  not  H.  K. 

^s  stated  by  your  correspondent  (BURDOCK) 
|Jin  last  week's  issue. 

It  seems  clear  that  "  John  Huske,  Esq.  ; 
[  hephew  of  the  late  General  Huske,"  shown 
in   '  The  Court   and  City   Register  for  the 
year    1765 '    as    one    of    the    members    for 

Ion,  is  referred  to. 

There  is  an  article  in  the  *  D.N.B.'  on  John 
iisko  (1692  ?-1761),  general  and  governor 
[of   Jersey,    in   which   it   is   stated   that    his 
|  younger  "brother,   Ellis  Huske   (1700-1755), 
>metime  of  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire, 
a  son  John,  who  represented  Maldon  in 


the  British  House  of  Commons,  and  who  was 
burned  in  effigy  by  his  fellow  colonists  for 
supporting  the  Stamp  Act. 

It  would  appear  from  the  poem  that 
before  his  election  to  Parliament  he  held  a 
minor  appointment  under  Charles  Towns- 
hend  (1725-1767),  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer, and  a  firm  advocate  of  the  principle 
of  the  Stamp  Act.  J.  W.  BIRT. 

Oxford. 

JOHN  BEAR,  MASTER  OF  RIPON  SCHOOL 
(12  S.  viii.  150,  192). — Hearne's  error 
writing  "John  Bear"  for  "Henry  Beare," 
who  came  up  in  1718  from  Westminster  to 
Christ  Church,  and  is  duly  recorded  in 
Foster's  '  Alumni  Oxonienses.'  FAMA. 

Oxford. 

MR.  WHITMORE  says  that  "in  1730  the 
Master  of  Ripon  School  was  a  Mr.  Barker," 
but  gives  no  authority  for  this  statement. 
Hearne  writing  under  Mar.  17,  172 1/2  says 
that  "  John  Bear,  Bach,  of  Arts  and  Student 
of  Christ  Church,  who  determined  this  Lent  " 
was  made  Master  "  about  five  months  agoe." 
There  is  practically  little  doubt  that  "  John 
Bear  "  is  a  mistake  for  John  Bar&er,  who  was 
elected  to  Christ  Church  from  Westminster 
School  in  1717,  and  graduated  B.A.  1721/2. 
At  any  rate  according  to  Dean  Bering's 
'Autobiographical  Memoranda'  (Surtees 
Soc.  Pub.,  No.  65,  p.  346)  Mr.  Barber  "who 
came  from  Westminster  School  "  was  Master 
in  July,  1722.  This  John  Barber,  as  Captain 
of  the  School,  spoke  a  Latin  oration  in 
College  Hall  at  the  funeral  of  Dr.  South  in 
July,  1716,  and  it  was  for  the  unlicensed 
publishing  of  this  oration  that  Cur  11  received 
summary  punishment  at  the  hands  of  the 
King's  Scholars.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

Are  not  John  Bear  and  John  Barker 
both  mistakes  or  misprints  for  John  Barber  ? 
See  Surtees  Society  Publications,  vol.  Ixv., 
p.  346 ;  Yorkshire  Archaeological  Society, 
Record  Series,  vol.  xxvii.  (list  of  school- 
masters opposite  p.  Ixxiv)  :  and  '  Alumni 
Westmonasterienses '  (ed.  1852),  pp.  269-70. 

W.  A.  PECK. 

LOSS  OF  THE  BlRKENHEAD  (12  S.  viii.   161). 

— It  may  lessen  the  hate  arisen  through  the 
late  war  to  say  that  when  the  King  of 
Prussia  heard  of  the  shipwreck  he  directed 
the  account  to  be  read  to  all  the  regiments  of 
his  army  to  show  them  how  soldiers  and  all 
men  should  bear  themselves  in  patience, 
resignation  and  order  in  the  presence  of 
immediate  death.  W.  DOUGLAS. 

31  Sandwich  Street,  W.C.I. 


218 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES.  [12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  12, 1921. 


THE  MANNEQUIN  OR  DRESSMAKER'S  DOLL 
(12  S.  viii.  170). — There  is  a  reference  to  this 
important  article  in  Franklin's  '  La  Vie 
Privee  d'Autrefois  :  Les  Magasins  de  Nou- 
veautes  III.'  It  is  amusing  to  read  (p.  237) 
that  when  war  was  being  waged  between 
England  and  Louis  XIV.  the  ministers  of 
the  contending  states  agreed  to  let  the  doll 
pass  freely  across  the  Channel.  In  Marie- 
Antoinette's  time,  she,  Mme.  Bert  in  and 
Mme.  Iloffe  combined  in  dictating  the  laws 
of  fashion  to  the  civilized  world  : — 

"  Une  fois  par  mois  au  moins  Ton  expediait  a 
Londres  la  poupee  de  la  rue  Saint-Honore,  manne- 
quin charg6  d'aller  porter  aux  dames  anglaises 
le  type  de  la  mode  nouvelle.  De  Londres  la 
poupee  £tait  successivement  transmise  a  toutes 
les  grandes  capitales  et  jusqu'a  Constantinople. 
'  Ainsi,'  dit  Mercier,  '  le  pli  qu'a  donne  une  main 
francoise  se  repete  chez  toutes  les  nations, 
humbles  observatrices  du  gout  de  la  rue  Saint- 
Honor^  '  "  (pp.  136,  137). 

I  was  once  privileged  to  see  many  years 
ago  at  a  woman- tailor's  in  Bond  Street — 
Redfern's,  I  believe — a  dressed  doll  which 
I  had  an  impression  was  a  survival  of  the 
old  exemplary  poupee. 

It  is  interesting  to  learn,  from  franklin's 
valuable  notes,  that  in  the  eighteenth 
century  bodices  were  tailor-made,  but  that 
skirts  and  trimmings  were  confided  to 
feminine  ingenuity.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

PARLIAMENT  HILL  ( 12  S.  viii.  192).— There 
are  two  traditions  respecting  the  genesis 
of  this  name.  One  is  that  cited  by  MR. 
ACKERMANN,  but  the  more  common  one, 
according  to  Mr.  Thorne,  is  that  it  was  so 
called  from  the  Parliamentary  generals 
having  planted  cannon  on  it  for  the  defence 
of  London  (see  Walford's  «Old  and  New 
London '  vol.  v.  p.  405). 

WlLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

Until  1702,  when  they  were  removed  to 
Brentford,  the  hustings  for  the  election  of 
members  of  Parliament  for  Middlesex  stood 
on  the  open  space  near  Jack  Straw's  Castle, 
Hampstead.  Hence  the  name  Parliament 
Hill.  W.  AVER. 

Primrose  Club,  Park  Place,  St.  James's,  S.W.I. 

MRS.  SUSANNA  GORDON  (12  S.  viii.  170).— 
Mrs.  Susanna  Gordon,  the  wife  of  Alexander 
Gordon,  Charterhouse  Square,  was  the 
daughter  of  William  Osborne  and  Hannah 
Herbert  and  died  in  New  Milman  Street, 
Mar.  31,  1834.  She  had  ten  children  includ- 
ing George  Osborne  Gordon,  father  of  the 
well-known  Rev.  Osborne  Gordon  (1813-83), 
King  Edward's  tutor  at  Oxford  (see  '  D.N.B.' 


and  Marshall's  'Memoir,'  1883).  I  pub-- 
lished  a  long  account  of  these  Gordons  in. 
The  Huntly  Express,  Aberdeenshire,  Aug.  23 
and  30,  1907.  But  there  is  no  mention  of 
a  Plees  in  the  notes.  The  tradition  in  the 
family  is  that  it  is  descended  from  the 
Gordons  of  Abergeldie.  Certain  it  is  that 
Susanna  Gordon's  husband,  if  not  her  father- 
in-law,  founded  in  1769  the  well-known  gin 
distillery  in  Go  swell  Road.  Perhaps  the 
distillery  records  might  help  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
37  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

CAPT.  COOK  :  MEMORIALS  (12  S.  viii.  132, . 
176,    198). — In   the   church   of   St.    Andrew 
the  Great  in  Cambridge  there  is  a  monu- 
ment to  the  memory  of  Capt.  James  Cook,- 
R.N.,    the    navigator,     and    to     his    sons ; 
Nathaniel,   "who  we  left  in  the  Thunderer 
Man-of-War,   Capt.    Boyle,   Walsingham,   in 
a  most  terrible  hurricane,  in  October,  1780  ; 
aged  16  years";  Hugh,  of   Christ's  College,, 
who    died    aged    17 ;    James    Cook,    Com- 
mander R.N.,  who  died  in   1794,  aged  31; 
to  Eliza,  Joseph  and  George  Cook,  who  all  i 
died  in  infancy  and  to  the  memory  of  the - 
navigator's    widow    Elizabeth,     who,  after' 
surviving-  her   husband    56    years,    died   at 
Clapham,  Surrey,  aged  94,  and  lies  beneath 
the  middle   aisle   of  the   church.     She  left 
1,OOOZ.    in   Consols   for   the   upkeep   of  the- 
monument  and  grave  stone,  the  residue  to 
be    paid   to    five    poor    aged    women.     The 
above  particulars  are  contained  in  a  booklet 
compiled  by  a  late  vicar.     T.  H.  W.  could1 
probably  obtain  a  copy  from  the  present: 
vicar.  F.  P.  LEYBURN-YARKER. 

20  St.  Andrew's  Street,  Cambridge, 

SHEFFIELD  PLATE  :  MATTHEW  BOTH/TON 
(12  S.  viii.  170). — Matthew  Boulton  was 
educated  in  Birmingham,  his  father,  Mat- 
thew, sprang  from  a  Northamptonshire 
family  residing  in  Lichfield. 

Matthew    Boulton,    junior,    was    born    in* 
1728  ;  he  died  in  1809,  and  was  buried  in 
Handsworth    Church,    Birmingham.     It    is - 
presumed  that  he  acquired  his  training  in 
the  manufacture   of  old   Sheffield  plate   in 
this   city,   and  it   is  recorded  that   he  left 
Sheffield    about     1764,    but    no     authentic- 
particulars  of  his  connexion  with  the  locality 
have  so  far  come  to  light. 

He  had  many  manufacturing  interests 
besides  the  above  mentioned  industry  as 
reference  to  an  old  print  from  the  Birming- 
ham Directory  of  the  year  1800  clearly 
shows.  In  1784  as  "  M.  Boulton  &  Cb.,;' 


12  s.  viii.  MABCH  12, 1921.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


he  registered  a  mark  for  plated  wares  at 
the  Sheffield  Assay  Office,  a  sun,  struck  in 
duplicate.  (See  Act  of  1784  by  which 
articles  plated  with  silver  made  in  Sheffield 
or  100  miles  thereof  might  bear  a  mark- 
such  not  being  an  Assay  Office  device  for 
sterling  silver.)  After  his  death  the  manu- 
factory known  as  "The  Soho  Plate  Co.," 
late  Matthew  Boulton  &  Co.,  continued  to 
trade  under  his  name.  The  business  was 
not  dispersed  until  the  year  1848,  which  will 
account  for  the  use  of  the  mark  at  the  dates 
mentioned,  viz.,  1810  and  1815. 

The  reference  to  the  Soho  works  being  in 
Sheffield  must  be  an  error  ;  there  was  no 
manufactory  so  described  in  existence  here 
at  that  date.  F.  BRADBURY. 

Sheffield. 

MATTHEW  CARTER  ( 12  S.  viii.  130).— A  full 
account  of  what  little  is  known  about 
Matthew  Carter  will  be  found  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
He  is  said  to  have  been  a  gentleman  of  Kent. 
His  chief  title  to  fame  is  that  he  was  Quarter- 
Master-General  of  the  Royalist  army  under 
the  Ear!  of  Norwich  during  the  siege  of 
Colchester  and  was  present  at  the  surrender. 

He  published  in  1650  "  A  most  true  and 
exact  relation  of  that,  as  honourable  as 
unfortunate,  Expedition  of  Kent,  Essex  and 
Colchester,  by  M.  C.  a  loyall  actor  in  that 
Engagement,  Anno  Dom.  1648.  Printed  in 
the  yeere  1650."  This  was  reprinted  at  Col 
Chester  in  1750  and  1789.  Copies  of  al 
three  editions  are  in  the  Public  Library. 
GEORGE  RICKWORD. 

Public  Library,  Colchester. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — 

(12  S.  viii.  52). 

2.  '  The  Old  Farm  House  ;  or  Alice  Morton' 
Home,'  and  other  Stories  was  written  by  Matilda 
Mary  Pollard.     It  was  published  in  1872.       M. 


01: 


Cosimo  I.,  Duke  of  Florence.     By  Cecily  Booth 
(Cambridge  University  Press,  12.  5s.  net.) 

IN  the  history  of  the  world  there  is  a  blacl 
gallery  filled  with  monsters  of  wickedness  whos 
names  are  a  by-word.  Italy  of  the  fifteenth  am 
sixteenth  centuries  is  abundantly  representec 
there  ;  and  perhaps  lovers  of  the  romantic  have 
no  great  quarrel  with  her  for  having  producet 
their  legendary  enormities.  Yet,  undoubtedly 
in  many  cases,  the  grim  honour  of  this  kind  o 
fame  has  been  mistakenly  bestowed.  It  reste 
often  on  lying  of  an  extravagance  too  grotesque 
one  would  .have  supposed,  to  win  credence  — 
especially  among  people  who,  on  occasion,  wer 


apable  of  it  themselves.     Among  the  traduced' 
nust   certainly    be    placed    Cosimo    I.,    Duke    of 
lorence.     That  he   conducted   himself,   alike  in 
nternal   and   external   policy,   by   the   principles 
vhich  were  understood  to  govern  the  rulers  of  the- 
ixteenth    century  ;    and    that    these    principles 
illowed     cruelty    and     duplicity    which     would 
tow-a-days  be  accounted  discreditable,  will  not 
uffice  to   prove   him   a  ruler   of   any   abnormal/ 
niquity,  still  less  to  justify  accusations  of  mon— 
trous    ill-doing    in    his    prviate    life.     However, 
t  is  now  some  years  since  historians  have  been- 
jusy  stripping  him  of  his  burden   of  calumny,, 
tnd   a   considered   account   of   him   based   on   a . 
tudy  of  the  archives  and  his  own  correspondence  • 
was  well  worth  doing. 

The  importance  of  Florence — under  Cosimo  •• 
we  might  begin  to  say  the  importance  of  Tuscany 
— -in  the  troubled  European  situation  of  the  mid- 
sixteenth  century  is  not  difficult  to  realize.  Yet,- 
for  the  character  of  Cosimo,  Florence  might- 
aave  been  little  more  than  another  Milan  :  a 
valuable  piece  on  a  chess-board  where  she  was 
lerself  not  a  player.  Between  the  Pope  and} 
France  and  Spain,  the  Duke — with  but  slight 
deflection,  solid  in  his  bounden  support  of  the 
Spaniard — extended  the  borders  of  his  territory, 
leared  his  borders  of  enemies  and  made  Florence . 
a  state. 

Within  the  borders  of  that  state  his  rule  was  . 
both  stern  and  just  with  a  patriarchal  quality 
which — he   being   the   man    he   was — suited    the 
needs  of  Florence  admirably. 

His  private  life,  which  had  been  the  mark  for 
the  most  outrageous  of  the  calumnies  against 
him,  was  magnificent,  but  also  amiable.  This  side 
of  his  life  is  abundantly  illustrated  by  Miss 
Booth,  who,  if  her  characterization  of  persons 
remains  rather  flat  and  a  little  confused,  conveys 
a  sufficiently  detailed  and  vivid  picture  of  the 
life  led,  at  il  Trebbio,  or  Poggio  a  Cavano,  or  in 
Florence  itself,  by  the  Ducal  family. 

It  was  a  pity  to  defer  the  chapter  on  Cosimo's 
internal  government  till  the  end  of  the  book — if, 
that  is,  the  writer  designed  her  book  to  be  read 
straight  through.  The  estimate  to  be  formed 
of  him  is  determined  by  his  government  of 
Florence  as  much  as  by  anything  he  did,  and  the 
reader  should  have  something  of  it  before  his 
mind  as  he  follows  the  windings  of  foreign  policy. 
The  account  of  the  latter,  and  of  Cosimo's  wars, 
though  plenty  of  detail  is  given,  rather  lacks 
breadth  and  grasp,  so  that  both  successes  and 
failures  pass  without  being  satisfactorily  valued. 
The  author's  style,  too,  does  her  some  little 
injustice.  It  rambles  and  drags  and  becomes 
occasionally  confused  ;  drops  into  the  mode  of 
conversation  without  any  dramatic  propriety, 
and  seldom  settles  down  to  straightforward 
systematic  narrative.  The  diligence  and  care 
with  which  Miss  Booth  has  worked  over  her 
sources  appear  on  every  page ;  but  the  book 
would  have  been  yet  better  than  it  is — and  it  is  a 
good  book  on  an  important  and  fascinating 
subject — if,  on  the  one  hand,  the  greater  outlines 
of  the  history  had  been  better  seized  and  dealt 
with,  and  Cosimo's  relations  thereto  more  firmly 
set  down  ;  and  if,  on  the  other,  the  structure  and 
diction  of  the  book  as  a  piece  of  writing  had  been 
more  narrowly  criticized,  and  brouerht  up  to  a 
severer  standard. 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  1 12  s.vm.  MARCH  12,1021. 


iS.P.E.  Tract  No.  IV.  The  Pronunciation,  of 
English  Words  derived  from  the  Latin.  By 
John  Sargeaunt.  (Clarendon  Press,  2s.  Qd. 
net.) 

MR.  JOHN  SARGEAUNT'S  paper  is  excellent.  It 
provides  not  only  the  scheme  for  an  understanding 
— in  so  far  as  it  can  be  understood — of  the  English 

•  pronunciation    of      words     derived    from    Latin 
— whether   direct   or   through   French — but   also 
some    explanation    of    the    seeming    vagaries    of 
English  pronunciation  of  Latin.     The  subject  is 

'  handled  so  carefully  and  so  systematically  that 
the  word  "exhaustive"  might  not  be  out  of 
place  in  describing  its  treatment. 

One  conviction,  certainly,  this  discussion 
brings  home — that  it  is  vain  to  try  and  make 
current  pronunciation  as  a  whole  square  with  the 
•classical  quantities  of  the  original  stems  of  words. 
However,  we  find  among  the  examples  given  as 
lippeless  at  least  two  which  we  quite  commonly 
hear  pronounced  as,  on  the  face  of  it,  they  should 
be  :  "  economy  "  and  "  segregate  "  which  Mr. 

'-  Sargeaunt  would  render  "  economy  "  and 
"  segregate." 

How  to  pronounce  gladiolus  has  puzzled  a  good 

•  many    people  ;    Terence    would    have    called    it 
gladiolus ;    but   Cicero   and    Quintilian   gladiolus, 
•on  the  principle  that  in  words  of  more  than  two 
syllables   a  short  penultimate  makes  a  stressed 
antepenultimate.     We     still      have     to      decide 
whether  to   give   the   stressed  i   the   English   or 
Italian    sound.     Apropos    of    anglicizing    Latin 

•sounds  Mr.  Sargeaunt  reminds  us  of  Burke's 
•extraordinary  practice,  when  reading  French 
poetry  aloud,  of  pronouncing  it  as  if  it  were 
English.  This  must  have  been  an  entertaining 

-exhibition. 

Stresses    and      changes    in    pronunciation    as 

-connected  with  poetry  make  a  very  interesting 

•element  in  the  paper.     Our  author  is  inclined  to 

•  think  that  in  the  well-known  line  : — 

"  Laodamia,  that  at  Jove's  command" — 
Wordsworth  intended  the  normal  not  the  in- 
verted stress.  At  the  beginning  of  the  nine- 
i  teenth  century  alternation  of  stress  and  no  stress 
in  polysyllables  was  usual  and  even,  it  appears, 
insisted  upon. 

Having  to  mention  "  infinite  "  Mr.  Sargeaunt 
•craves  permission  to  spell  it  infinit  saying  this  is 
how  it  is  pronoxinced  "  except  in  corrupt  quires." 
But  could  one  read  it  so  in  Shelley's  line  : — 

"To  suffer  woes  that  hope  thinks  infinite," 

where,  not  only  has  it  to  rime  with  "  night,"  but 

.also,  surely,  is  charged  with  the  expression  of  some 

•  of  the  strain  of  hope  long  deferred  ? 

Is  it  not  a  pity  to  reduce  words  irredeemably 
t  from  their  natural  strength  ?     May  it  not  even 
be  said  that  we   owe   something  to  those  afore- 
said "  corrupt  quires  "  in  so  far  as  they  tend  to 
keep  alive  some  consciousness  of  original  weight 
i  in  a  word. 

Mr.  Sargeaunt,  again,  in  Greek  names,  seems  to 
shorten  one  or  two  more  than  the  present  writer 
was  taught  (it  is  true,  long  ago)  to  shorten. 
Do  people,  indeed,  now  talk  of  Icarus  (Icarus)  and 
Onesimus  ?  We  should  have  thought  it  vain  to 
try  and  preserve  "apotheosis,"  in  spite  of  its 
riming  with  "  tea-houses  "  in  '  Rejected  Ad- 
dresses '  :  and,  on  the  other  hand,  cannot  feel  so 
sanguine  as  Mr.  Sargeaunt  does  about  "  mytho- 
Klogy  "  or  "pyrotechnic." 


This  tract  is  of  no  little  permanent  value  and 
should  certainly  be  noted  by  all  students  of 
English. 

The  Incas  and  their    Industries.     By  Henry  van 

den  Bergh.  (Boutledge,  2s.  Qd.) 
A  BRIEF,  pleasantly  written  summary  of  what  is 
known  of  the  history  and  customs  of  the  kingdom 
of  Peru  before  the  Spanish  conquest.  It  includes 
a  sketch  of  the  physical  c  onformation  of  the1* 
country,  and  accounts  of  the  architectural 
remains  and  of  the  relics  of  industries — principally 
pottery.  The  book  is  very  well  calculated  to 
serve  its  purpose  of  inciting  readers  to  visit 
and  inspect  with  enjoyment  and  understanding 
the  Peruvian  collections  in  the  British  Museum  ; 
but  it  should,  we  think,  have  included  some 
indication  of  the  sources  from  which  our  informa- 
tion is  derived,  and  the  reasoning  by  which  con- 
clusions have  been  reached. 

Transactions  of  the  Glasgow  Archaeological  Society. 

New    Series,    Vol.     VII.,    Pt.     II.     (Glasgow, 

Maclehose,  Jackson  &  Co.) 

THE  first  paper  is  Dr.  J.  T.  T.  Brown's  discussion 
of  an  episode  in  the  Grand  Tour  of  James  Boswell 
— a  romantic  episode,  illustrated  by  a  long  and 
hitherto  unprinted  letter  of  Bozzy's  to  the  lady 
to  whom,  waywardly  and  doubtfully,  he  was 
paying  tentative  addresses.  The  letter  is  of 
considerable  biographical  interest — destined  for 
the  hands  of  the  accomplished,  but  rather  tiresome 
Belle  de  Zuylen.  Dr.  David  Murray  supplies  a 
list  of  the  books  of  forty-four  Scots  authors  which 
were  printed  abroad  in  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries.  Dr.  George  Watson  gives  us 
the  text  of  Sir  John  Skene's  MS.  '  Memorabilia 
Scotica  '  and  his  revisals  of  '  Regiam  Majestatem.' 
There  is  a  good  discussion  of  French  privateering 
on  the  Galloway  coast  by  Mr.  Edward  Rodger  ; 
and  a  study  of  the  Citadel  of  Ayr  by  Mr.  James  A. 
Morris. 


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GOUGER  (12  S.  viii.  89,  195).— MRS.  STEPHEN, 
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is  s.  vin.  MABCH  12, 1921.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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221 


LONDON,  MARCH  19,  1521. 


CONTENTS.—  No.  153. 

-—Robert  Whatley,  221-Among  the  Shakespeare 
Au-hives  :  The  Hathaways  of  Shottery,  223-Aldeburgh  : 
Extracts  from  Chamberlains'  Account-  Book,  1625-1649.  224 
—Shirley  Hibberd  as  Poet—  "  Popkins's  Plan,"  226— 
Lancashire  Settlers  in  America—  Spit-racks—  End  of 
Private  Bank  Notes,  227. 

^QUERIES  :—  "  Nothing  but  their  eyes  to  weep  with"—  Old 
Inns—  "The  Haven  under  the  Hill"—  Fountains  running 
with  Wine—  London  Etchings  by  Jane  Smith,  228— 
Abnepob—  Monte  Cristo—  Dr.  Johnson:  Portrait  in  Hill's 
Edition  of  Boswell-Hellier—  Alexander  Stokoe—  Gervase 

.  ^de  Cornhill,  229-Robert  Dickson—  Shelley  and  Keats  : 
Bibliographies  Wanted  —  Richd.  Gamwel  (Camwel), 
Clockmaker  —  Kingston  House,  Knightsbridge,  230— 
^'Comlies"  and  "Cony  Bags"—  The  Place-Name  Tot- 
land-  Hunting  Songs:  Musters—  "  Mark  Rutherford  "— 
Marten—  Author  of  Quotation  Wanted,  231. 

^REPLIES  —  Churches  of  St.  Michael,  231—  Hundredth 
Psalm  :  Gaelic  Versions—"  Auster  "  Land  Tenure,  233- 
"  Death  as  Friend"—  Royal  British  Bank,  234-52nd 
Regiment  of  Foot—  Paul  Marny—  Oulben  Sands—  Army 
Badges,  235—  Hoe  Cake—  Benjamin  Choyce  S«wdon— 
Tavern  Signs—  Irish  Family  Histories-  Heraldic  Arms 
Wanted,  236—  Curtis:  Lathrop-.  Willoughby—  (Robert) 
Gascoigne  and  Walthamstow—  Cowper  :  Pronunciation 
of  Name—  Bottle-sliders  :  Coasters—  Sir  Robert  Bell  of 
Beaupi-e—  Phaestos  Disk—George  Frank  of  Frankenau, 
•237-T=A  Proverb  about  Eating  Cherries—  Foundlings  in 
the  Eighteenth  Century—  "  Colly  my  Cow"—  Edward 
Snape—  Turner  Family,  238—  A  Coachman's  Epitaph- 
Yew-trees  in  Churchyards—  Authors  Wanted,  239. 


ON  P.O"KS:—  'The  Life,  Correspondence  and 
Collections  of  Thomas  Howard  '  —  '  The  Teaching  of 
English  '-'Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Henry  VIII.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ROBERT  WHATLEY. 

THE  following  account  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Whatley,  though  in  itself  inevitably  some- 
•what  disjointed,  may  at  least  serve  to  con- 
struct a  skeleton-history  which  can  be 
filled  in  by  any  further  information  that 
•may  come  to  light.  His  life  was  insignifi- 
cant— but  not  of  his  own  design — and  his 
published  works  dull,  yet  his  career  is  not  of 
itself  uninteresting  if  merely  for  the  perti- 
nacity and  insuccess  with  which  he  pursued 
his  aims. 

Whatley  was  born  in  the  year  1691  or  at 
the  very  end  of  1690 — the  limit  dates  of 
Dec.  25,  1690,  and  Dec.  23,  1691,  would 
appear  to  be  given  by  a  chance  remark  in 
his  letter  to  Birch  of  Dec.  24,  1765  (B.M., 
.Add.  MSS.  4321,  fol.  235)— and  was  the  son 


of  Thomas  Whatley,  gentleman,*  of  Wells 
in  Somerset.  His  father  was  dead  by  1711 
(Inner  Temple,  Admissions  1670  to  1750, 
p.  1308)t  and  probably  had  died  long  before 
this  time  for,  as  his  son  says  elsewhere,  "I 
have  laid  out  a  handsome  younger  Brother's 
Provision,  on  giving  my  self  the  best  of 
Educations  at  home  and  abroad  "  ( '  Friendly 
Admonition,'  p.  79),$  a  phrase  that  hints  at 
lack  of  parental  control.  His  school  is 
not  known,  but  he  did  not  go  to  any 
of  the  universities,  and  later  refers  to 
the  fact  with  the  pardonable  pride  of  one 
who  au  fond  regrets  his  lost  opportunity.  § 

In  August,  1710,  came  fate  in  the  person 
of  Sir  Peter  King,  later  Lord  Chancellor 
and  at  that  time  a  bencher  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  Recorder  of  London,  and  M.P. 
('Short  History,'  p.  1,  cf.  'A  Letter  to  the 
L.  and  C.,'  p.  29).  King  took  the  young 
man  under  his  protection,)  j  and  on  Feb.  11 
he  was  admitted  a  student  of  the  Irner 
Temple  (Inner  Temple,  torn,  et  pag.  cit., 
'  Short  History, '  p.  1 ).  Whatley  frankly  relates 
that  he  had  no  liking  for  the  law  and  that 
he  was  not  studying  for  a  livelihood 
('Friendly  Admonition,'  p.  vi,  'Short  His- 
tory,' p.  2),  but — a  client  by  instinct — he 
followed  the  path  smoothed  for  him  by  his~ 
rising  patron  and  friend. 

In  October,  1713,  he  wrote,  but  did  not 
publish,  'A  Letter  to  a  Bencher. . . .  '*:  on 
the  nature  and  end  of  being  ('Judgment 
Signed,'  p.  39),  which  was  only  to  see  the 
light  in  pamphlet  form  in  1729.**  This  may 
be  the  clue  to  one  reason  for  their  relation- 
ship :  King  was  interested  in  theological 
and  cognate  speculation  and  had  made  a 
name  by  his  '  History  of  the  Apostles  Creed  ' 
and  his  'Enquiry  into  the  Constitution. . . . 


*  Robert  Whatley  sealed  with  an  intaglio. 

t  The  writer  is  indebted  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Inner  Temple  for  permission  to  view  this 
entry. 

t  For  tbe  full  titles  of  Whatley's  various  pub- 
lished works  cf.  the  course  of  this  narrative. 
They  will  be  cited  throughout  by  such  short 
descriptions  as  the  above. 

§  "  I  have  seen  something  else  besides  my 
Father's  House,  a  Grammar -School,  and  a  College, 
and  have  employ 'd  my  time  in  other  Matters, 
than  in  merely  conning  over  a  System  of  Philo- 
sophy, or  Divinity."  ('  Impartial  Review,'  p.  44.) 

II  Whatley  much  later  describes  himself  as 
"  an  old  and  highly  favoured  Friend,  a  known 
Dependant  and  Expectant  of  the  Lord  Chancellor" 
('  A  letter  to  the  L.  &  C.,'  pp.  17-13). 

II  I.e.  King. 

*  Of  this  there  is  a  copy  in  the  John  Rylands 
Library,  Manchester.  The  writer  does  not  know 
of  one  in  the  Bodleian  or  the  British  Museum. 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  S.VTII.MABCH  w,  1921. 


- 


of  the  Primitive  Church  '  (cf.  Campbell, 
*  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chancellors,'  4th 
edition,  vol.  vi.  p.  59,  and  'Diary  of  Vis- 
count Percival,'  Historical  Manuscripts 
Commission,  1920,  vol.  i.  p.  112),  while 
Whatley,  on  the  evidence  of  a  letter  of 
July  22  and  of  Oct.  27,  1720  f'N.  &  Q.,' 
12  S.  viii.  44-45,  63-65),  and  elsewhere 
(e.g.,  'Friendly  Admonition,'  p.  135),  was 
also  inclined  that  way. 

On  June  13,  1714,  Whatley  was  called  to 
the  Bar  ('A  Calendar  of  the  Inner  Temple 
Records,'  ed.  F.  A.  Inderwick,  vol.  iii. 
p.  437)  by  King's  favour,  before  his  "stand- 
ing "  or  "abilities"  allowed  ('Short  His- 
tory,' p.  2),  and  left  the  Temple  (op.  cit., 
ibidem).  His  disinclination  for  the  prosecu- 
tion of  a  legal  career,  or  other  influences,  now 
directed  him  to  seek  employment  in  the 
public  service  ('Three  Letters,'  p.  48),  but 
his  activities  for  the  next  five  years  are  not 
disclosed.  It  was,  however,  in  1715  that  he 
intervened  in  the  Impeachment  controversy 
with  '  A  Letter  to  Thomas  Burnett,  Esq  ; 
Occasion 'd  by  his  to  the  Earl  of  Halifax,'* 
and  followed  it  with  a  sequel  entitled  'Mr. 
Burnet's  Defence  :  or,  More  Reasons  for 
an  Impeachment.  In  Remarks  on  an  In- 
famous and  Trayterous  Libel,  lately  pub- 
lished, entitled,  A  Letter  to  a  Merry  Young 
Gentleman.  In  a  Second  Letter  to  the 
Right  Honourable  the  Earl  cf  Halifax.'f 
He  is  next  heard  of  in  1720,  when  he  com- 
mences a  tour  abroad  which  lasts  urtil 
1723.  After  a  considerable  stay  in  the  Low 
Countries  (from  June  to  October)  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Hanover  ( '  N.  &  Q.,'  12  S.  viii.43-45 
and  63-66).  The  rest  of  his  time  was  spent 
in  Northern  Germany,  in  the  course  of  which 
he  stayed  at,  among  other  places,  Hamburg, 
Berlin,  Wolfenbuttel,  Dresden  and  Celle 
('Short  History,'  p.  2,  'Three  Letters,' 

*  That  is,  if  we  accept  the  attribution  of  the 
Bodleian  catalogue.  The  pamphlet  is  anonymous 
but  "  By  Mr  Whatley  "  has  been  inscribed  on  it 
in  a  perhaps  later  hand. 

f  Anonymous,  the  text  having  the  initials 
"  W.  R."  at  the  end  (p.  45).  The  attribution  to 
Whatley  is  based  on  the  advertisement  on 
p.  [66]  of  «  A  Letter  to  the  L.  &  C.'  (1742).  As 
it  is  there  stated  to  be  out  of  print,  it  is  hardly 
likely  that  the  publisher  would  have  any  interest 
in  the  false  ascription  of  the  product  of  a  dead 
controversy.  It  appeared  about  a  fortnight 
(**  Mr.  Burnet's  Defence,'  p.  [i])  after  the  publi-, 
cation  of  '  A  letter  To  a  Merry  Young  Gentleman 
Intituled  Tho.  Burnet,  Esq.  ..*.."  a  reply  to  the 
latter's  '  The  Necessity  of  Impeaching  the  late 
Ministry.  In  a  Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Hallifax.' 
Burnet  himself  was  the  later  knight  and  justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas. 


pp.  xlvii-lix),  knowing  the  best  people*  and* 
being  offered  employment  in  the  Prussian 
service.  This  he,  relying  on  his  patron,, 
refused  ('Judgment  Signed,'  p.  11,  'Short 
History,'  p.  3  and  note,  'Friendly  Ad- 
monition,' p.  79,  'Letters  and  Applica- 
tions,' p.  31).  At  the  "beginning  of  "  1723 
he  returned,  well  equipped  with  foreign 
tongues  (King  to  Newcastle,  Ockham,  Apr.  3, 
1724,  KM.,  Add.  MSS.  32,687,  folio  19),  to 
his  native  land  ('Short  History,'  p.  5),  fell 
ill  and  spent  the  remainder  of  the  year 
convalescing  (op.  cit.,  ibidem). 

Meanwhile,  however,  his  small  fortune, 
the  capital  of  which  he  had  expended  on 
his  education  and  his  travels,  had  dwindled 
away  and  it  was  becoming  a  matter  of 
urgency  for  him  to  obtain  adequate  employ- 
ment. His  illness,  we  are  told  ('Short 
History,'  p.  5),  prevented  him  from  pro- 
secuting his  search  for  the  time  being.  It 
was  probably  about  this  time — or  perhaps 
on  his  return  from  Bath  the  next  year — 
that  he  established  himself  in  lodgings  near 
King's  seat  at  Ockham  in  Surrey  ('Short 
History,'  p.  9):  these  were  doubtless  at 
Shepperton,  from  which  he  dated  the  two 
editions  of  his  'A  Letter  to  the  Right 
Honourable  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  King, 
on  his  Lordship's  being  Design 'd  a  Peer/ 
for  it  is  only  some  six  miles  away.  It  is 
also  likely  that  he  was  in  receipt  of  financial 
assistance  from  this  source  ('Short  JEistory,' 
p.  45).  A  visit  to  the  Hotwells  near  Bristol', 
and  also  to  Bath  begat  his  '  Characters  at 
the  Hot-Well,  Bristol,  in  September,  and  at 
Bath,  in  October,  1723,'  which  he  dedicated 
to  Beau  Nash  "From  my  Lodgings  in  the 
Grove  at  Bath,  Nov.  1,  1723,"  a  slight, 
rather  pedestrian  pamphlet,  well  meaning 
but  not  witty,  f  This  he  published  the  next 
year,  most  likely  on  his  return  in  February 
('Short  History, 'p.  5). 

An  attempt  made  by  King  to  place  his 
protege  with  Newcastle,  the  new  Secretary 
of  State,  came  to  no  result  (letter  from  King 
to  Newcastle,  Ockham,  Apr.  3,  1724,  B.M., 
Add.  MSS.  32,687,  folio  19,  printed  on  p.  6 
of  the  '  Short  History,'  ibid,  p.  29)  but  "be- 
fore the  end  "  of  the  same  year  rumours  of 
King's  further  promotion  from  the  Chief 
Justiceship  rf  the  Common  Pleas  spread 


"...  .1  never  was  drunk  in  my  Life,  no,  not 
tho'  I  have,  in  the  Course  of  my  Life,  liv'd  in  the 
best  of  Company  20  Months  in  Germany " 
('  Friendly  Admonition,'  p.  67). 

t  In  the  second  copy  of  this  work  preserved  in 
the  British  Museum  the  conventional  typo- 
graphical name-blanks  are  filled  in  by  hand. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  19,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


223 ' 


abroad,*  and  What  ley  was  content  for 
the  time  being  to  wait  ('Short  History,' 
p.  7).  What  could  not  a  Chancellor  do  ? 

The  new  Moghul  was  prompt  but  not 
overwhelming.  Coming  out  of  the  Royal 
presence  on  June  1,  1725, f  on  receiving  the 
seals,  King  found  the  faithful  Whatley  in 
an  antechamber,  said  to  him  : — 

"  '  Mr.  W ,  you  must  not  be  surprized  that 

I  don't  make  you  one  of  my  Officers  :  I  am 
engaged  to  provide  for  a  friend  of  Mr.  W-lp-le's, 
who  has  promised  to  provide  for  one  of  mine, 
in  lieu  of  it,  which  friend  you  are  "'  ('Short  His- 
tory,' p.  8,  cf.  '  Three  Letters,'  p.  2), 

and  enjoined  silence  ('Short  History,'  p.  9). 
This  alleged  promise,  carried  out — says 
Whatley — on  King's  part  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Mr.  [William]  Sp[ice]r,  a  trustee 
to  Walpole's  daughter-in-law  and  later  a 
Master  in  Chancery,  as  Clerk  of  the  Presenta- 
tions (op.  cit.,  pp.  10,  15,  24,  'A  Letter 
to  the  L.  and  C.,'  pp.  26,  28,  31.  Haydn, 
'The  Book  of  Dignities,'  1851,  p.  240), 'was 
to  become  the  curse  of  his  life  by  reason  of 
Walpole's  evasion  of  its  terms,  and  we  must 
now  sketch  the  history  of  his  vain  attempt 
at  satisfaction,  remembering,  however,  like 
the  author  of  'Kbllekens  and  His  Times  ' 
in  connexion  with  another  pamphlet - 
war,  that  "there  are  always  two  stories,  at 
least,  to  be  told  in  every  dispute  "  (J.  T. 
Smith,  'Kollekens  and  His  Times,'  ed.  1920, 
vol.  ii.  p.  59),  and  that  here  we  have  but 
the  assertions  of  the  one  side. 

The  grateful  disciple  lost  no  time  in 
publishing  his  '  Letter  to  the  Right  Honour- 
able The  Lord-Chief-Justice  King  '  :$  he 
had  already  waited  on  Sir  Robert  Walpole, 
who  acknowledged  the  bargain  ( '  Short 
History,'  p.  11,  'Three  Letters,'  p.  2). 
In  October  followed  an  audience  at  Chelsea 
('Short  History,'  pp.  12-16),  and  the  week 
before  Christmas  another  conversation,  in 


which  the  minister  is  said  to  have  denied 
Whatley's  right  for  compensation  vis-a-vis 
of  Mr.  Spicer's  appointment  ('Short  His- 
tory,' pp.  16-17),  but  this  "little  Ruffle" 
was  "soon  accomodated  "  ('Letters  and 
Applications,'  p.  iii,  cf.  'Three  Letters,' 
p.  48).  By  this  time  he  was  becoming 
impatient,  and  no  doubt  his  financial 
difficulties  induced  him  on  Feb.  27,  1726,  to 
write  to  Walpole  suggesting  a  monetary 
contribution  until  he  should  be  provided  - 
with  a  place  ('Short  History,'  pp.  17-22).. 
"A  week  after  "  Walpole  gave  him  200Z. 
"as  an  Earnest  of  what  I  will  continue  to 
do  for  you,  till  I  can  provide  for  you  in  a 
more  settled  manner  to  your  liking  " 
('Short  History,'  p.  22,  cf.  'Three  Letters,' 
p.  4).  In  October  another  100Z.  was  flung 
}0  the  suppliant  ('Short  History,'  p.  23, 
'Three  Letters,'  p.  4),  and  about  this  time 
King,  we  are  assured,  told  him  that  he  had 
been  promised  by  Walpole  to  give  Whatley 
"  « the  Value  of  the  place  Mr.  Sp — r  had,  till 
he  had  one  given  him  in  lieu  of  it  '  "  ('Short 
History,'  p.  23).  Meanwhile  the  success 
of  the  '  Letter  to  King  '  was  such  that  a 
second  edition  appeared.*  But  no  pay- 
ments were  made  the  next  year  ( '  Short 
History,'  p.  23),  and  the  ministerial  un- 
certainty consequent  upon  the  King's  de- 
cease enabled  the  defence  to  parry  Whatley's 
renewed  offensive  of  the  spring  (op.  cit.r 
ibidem,  cf.  'Three  Letters,'  pp.  3-5). 

C.    S.    B.    BUCKLAND*      j 

(To  be  continued.) 


*  In  succession  to  the  injudicious  Macclesfield. 
King  was  by  no  means,  however,  the  only  candi- 
date (cf.  Campbell,  '  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellors,' 4th  edition,  vol.  vi.,  p.  94).  On  the  other 
hand,  Whatley's  statement  receives  some  con- 
firmation from  a  letter  of  Feb.  15,  1725,  from 
J.  Lekeux  to  the  Hon.  John  Molesworth  (Report 
on  Manuscripts  in  Various  Collections .  .  . . ' 
vol.  viii.,  'Historical  Manuscripts  Commission, 
p.  385).  Campbell,  by  the  way,  was  unacquainted 
with  the  relations  subsisting  between  Whatley 
and  his  patron  (op.  cit.,  vol.  vi.,  p.  124,  note  c). 

t  King's    '  Notes    of    Domestic    and    Foreign 
Affairs  '  apud  the  7th  Lord  King's  '  The  Life  and 

Letters   of   John    Locke ,'    cd.    1858,  p.  436. 

Whatley's  name,  as  might  be  expected  from  the 
title,  nowhere  appears  in  this  brief  account. 

£  The  dedication  is  dated  June  11,  1725. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  83,  124,  146,  181.) 

THE  HATHAWAYS  OF  SHOTTERY. 
An  entry  in  the  Court  of  Record  for 
Deo.  7,  1563,  introduces  us  to  John  Shakes- 
speare's  friend  Richard  Hathaway  of  Shot- 
tery.  It  runs,  Ricardus  Hathaway  queritur 
versus  Robertum  Miles  in  placito  debiti 
("Richard  Hathaway  sues  Robert  Miles  in 
plea  of  a  debt  ").  Richard  Hathaway  alias 
Gardener  was  probably  son  of  John  Hatha- 
way, whom  he  succeeded  as  tenant  of 
Hewlands  Farm.  John  Hathaway  occupied 
Hewlands  and  a  toft  and  half-virgate  of 


*  The  new  dedication  is  dated  Feb.  14,  1726. 
It  is  this  edition  which  appears — without  biblio- 
graphical note — in  the  Some»s  Tracts  (2nd  edition, 
vol.  xiii.,  pp.  756-765). 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. [  12  s.vm.  MARCH  19, 1921. 


called  Hewlins,  from  1543  to  1556,  and 
probably  he  occupied  them  earlier  than 
1543  and  later  than  1556.  He  may  be 
identified  with  John  Hathaway,  one  of  the 
"able,"  that  is  substantial,  men  of  Shottery 
and  an  archer,  in  the  muster-roll  of  1536. 
How  long  he  may  have  lived  after  1556  we 
do  not  know,  but  he  was  buried,  we  may 
believe,  before  the  beginning  of  the  Burial 
Register  in  March,  1558. 

Richard  Hathaway  in  December,  1563, 
had  three  children  living  and  two  dead. 
The  dead  were  both  named  Richard,  the 
living  were  Anne  (Annes,  Agnes  :  the  three 
names  were  locally  interchangeable),  Bar- 
tholomew and  Katharine.  Anne  and  Bar- 
tholomew were  born  before  March,  1558, 
the  former  shortly  before  Aug.  6,  1556. 
Katharine  was  baptized  on  Oct.  22,  1563. 
This  winter  (1563-4)  or  soon  after,  Richard 
Hathaway  lost  his  wife,  and  Anne  (about 
eight  years  old)  her  mother.  This  wife  and 
mother  may  have  come  from  Temple 
Grafton,  and  may  have  been  buried  there, 
'then,  with  three  young  children,  Richard 
Hathaway  married  a  second  wife,  Joan, 
who  bore  him  five  children.  We  know 
nothing  but  what  is  good  of  these  Hathaways. 
'  They  probably  had  a  reputation  for  godliness. 
Anne  became  wife  of  William  Shakespeare 
and  resident  at  New  Place.  Her  daughters 
were  named  directly  or  indirectly  after  the 
scriptural  heroines,  Susanna  and  Judith. 
From  the  mother,  we  may  believe,  Susanna, 
at  least,  received  her  godly  principles. 
Anne  Hathaway' s  brother,  Bartholomew, 
lived  to  be  Churchwarden  and  owner  of  the 
farm  of  which  his  father  had  been  tenant. 
Her  nephew,  Richard  Hathaway,  son  of 
Bartholomew,  was  Churchwarden  at  the 
time  of  her  husband's,  the  Poet's,  death. 
IMBut  to  return  to  Richard  Hathaway's 
suit  of  December,  1563.  The  defendant 
Robert  Miles  was  a  small  brewer  and  yeo- 
man of  Stratford,  who  ,  had  incurred  on 
various  occasions  the  penalties  of  his  calling. 
He  was  fined  for  putting  hops  in  his  ale, 
•selling  unwholesome  drink,  failing  to  send 
for  the  Tasters  to  sample  his  brew,  grinding 
other  men's  malt  and  thus  encroaching  on 
the  right  of  malsters,  allowing  his  swine  to 
wander  in  the  streets  and  laying  muck  at 
'Tinker's  Lane  and  near  the  Chapel.  He 
failed  to  appear  in  answer  to  Hathaway's 
charge,  and  the  usual  precept  was  issued 
to  distrain  on  Dec.  22.  But  he  was  sick 
and,  as  it  proved,  near  his  death.  On 
Jan.  24,  1564,  he  made  his  will,  leaving  his 
goods,  valued  at  £9  5s.  lOrf.,  to  his  son 


William,  and  the  two  daughters  of  his 
second  wife,  widow  Bennet  Smithiman. 
He  appointed  as  supervisors  Roger  Sadler 
(Head  Alderman),  and  William  Bott  (of 
New  Place).  Among  his  effects  were  belong- 
ings of  the  orphan  children  of  Thomas  Fille. 
These  children  had  been  entrusted  to  the 
ce.re  of  himself  and  his  wife,  and  one  he  had 
clothed  and  sent  as  an  apprentice  to  London. 
An  item  in  the  boy's  account  is  "  Paid  to 
John  Shakespeare  I5d.'}- — possibly  for  a 
leather  bag  or  gloves  on.  the  journey. 
Robert  Miles  was  buried  on  Jan.  31  ;  the 
inventory  was  made  on  Feb.  4,  by  William 
Bott  and.  others,  and  his  will  was  proved 
on  May  15  before  John  Bretchgirdle  in  his 
peculiar  court  as  Vicar. 

John  Shakespeare  made  his  account  with 
John  Taylor  for  1562-3  on  Jan.  10,  1564. 
We  have  the  official  copy  in  Symons'  hand- 
writing. Among  the  items  is,  "  Paid  to 
Shakespeare  for  a  piece  of  timber,  3s." 
John  Shakespeare  received  his  fee  of  20s. 
At  a  Council  meeting  on  Jan.  26,  Symons 
notes  in  his  minutes,  "  the  Chamber  is 
found  in  arrearage  and  is  in  debt  unto 
John  Shakespeare,  £1  5s.  Sd."  From  time 
to  time  the  public -spirited  Chamberlain 
advanced  money  for  work  in  hand. 

EDGAR,  I.  FBIPP. 

(To  ~be  continued.} 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 

(See  ante,  p.  163.) 

THE  inhabitants  of  Aldeburgh  are  greatly 
alarmed  at  the  frequent  visits  of  the  "  Dun- 
kirkers  "  at  this  time  ;  many  ships  and  men 
have  been  captured,  and  in  consequence 
great  preparations  are  made  to  meet  an 
expected  landing.  Gunpowder  is  purchased, 
and  the  "  Ordnance  "  and  smaller  guns  and 
arms  are  duly  prepared. 

16    PAYMENTS.    25 

1625— (continued) . 
June. 
Item  more  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and 

bere  on  the  first  drift  daye  as  appeare  &? 

his  bill  00  09  00 

Itm  to  Eobt  Baldwin  for  Comunon  wyne  and 

breade  . .          •  •  • •  . .      00  08  uu 

Itm  spent  in  Bere  on  men  that  did  helpe  out 

of  the  towne  house  wth  the  Cariages  for 

the  Ordinance  . .  .  .  .  .      00  06  06 

Itm  geven  to  a  poore  woman  to  make  tJtiem 

cleane  . .          •  •          •  •  . .     vv  Vfr'  vm 


12  S.  VIII.  MABCH  19,  1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


225 


15. 

Itm  to  the  Constables  for  the  3  tenths  and 
15  01  10  00 

Itm  to  willm  Dennynton  for  his  Charges 
for  Carving  the  money  to  woodbridg  and 
for  the  Acquittance  . .  . .  00  02  00 

15. 

Itm  to  goodman  hayward  for  a  bull  for  the 
Marshes  . .  02  00  00 

17. 

Itm  to  mr  John  Bence  jun  ovseer  for  the 
puttinge  out  of  a  towne  childe       . .      02  13  04 
17. 

To  Mr  John  Bence  for  his  Charges  when  he 
was  Burgesse  att  the  pliam1  as  appeares 
by  his  bill  . .  18  14  OS 

18. 

Itm  to  mr  Osborne  for  the  mayned 
soldiers  " 00  06  08 

24. 

Itm  to  mr  Thomson  towne  clerke  for  this  qr 
wages  .  .  .  .  . .  . .  03  00  00 

Itm  to  Thomas  lucent  for  this  quarters 
wages 00  12  06 

Itm    to    Richard    lilborne    for    this    qr 

wages  . .          00  12  06 

Itm  to  Thomas  Incent  for  ii  jorneys  to  laiston 
to  the  wheele  wrighte  and  his  helpe  in 
other  Busines  . .          . .          . .      00  01  00 

Itm  spent  in  beare  when  wee  tooke  a  dis- 
tresse  for  the  towne 00  00  02 

25. 

Itm  for  nayles  for  the  north  mill       . .  00  00  06 

Itm  for  daubinge  for  Felgates  house. .  00  02  06 

Itm  for  a  bull  for  the  marshe  . .  03  00  00 

Itm  charges  to  fetch  him  home  . .  00  0 1  06 

July. 

Itm    to    a    Scotch    mrcbannt    travelinge    to 

london  . .          . .          . .  00  05  00 

3-4. 
Itm  for  caryinge  tarr  to  goodings  shopp     00  00  04 

5. 

Itm  for  worke  in  the  Marshe  . .          . .      00  02  06 
Itm  spent  in  bere  on  men  to  help  to  mount 
the  ordinance  . .  ....      00  00  09 

9. 

It n i  to  Thomas  Wolnaugh  and  his  ptner  his 
tombrell  and  horses  to  worke  in  the  Marsbe 
and  for  his  horses  to  draw  in  the  cariages 
from  the  smythes  to  the  guns   for  the  use 
of  the  trises  and  for  both  there  helps  to 
mounts  Gunnes       ..          ..  ..      00  07  06 

9. 

Itm  to  Math  ewe  Goodinge  the  smith  for  iron 
worke  about  the  cariages  of  the  guns  and 
other  worke  for  the  towne  as  appeares  by 
his  bill  . .  . .  04  00  00 


10. 


00  00  06 


Itm  for  whipping  John  hills    . . 

12. 
Itm  to  willm  lawrence  for  a  barrell  of 

Tarr 00  16  06 


23. 

Itm  to  mr  Johnson  for  his  horse  and  man  to 
drawe  the  Cariages  of  the  guns  from  the 
north  end  to  slautinge  5  thither  and  2  into 

the  mkett 00  04  00' 

26. 

Itm  geven  a  man  that  was  taken  by  the 
dunkirks  *  00  02  00* 

Itm   to    Thomas    Walnaughe    July   for   his 

horses  and  Cart  when  hills  was  whipt     00  00  06+ 

30. 

Itm  to  John  Urvis  for  his  qr  wages  due  in 

August  . .      00  14  00 

3O. 

Itm  to  the  wbeele  wheele  wright  for  ii  payre 
of  wheels  02  04  00' 

Itm  to  him  for  eight  exelltrees  for  the  cariagos 
of  the  gunes  at  1s  10d  a  pece  and  for  his 
worke    and    bringinge    of    them    to 
towne  ....  . .  . .      00  16  00" 

Itm  spent  in  beare  on  the  workmen  and  for 

helpe    . .  _ 00  00  04* 

31. 

Item  for  three  load  of  thatch  for  John  Thomp- 
sons howse 00  15  00* 

more  for  \  load  for  that  howse  . .      00  02-  06- 

Itm  to  ne'wson  the  Thatcher  for  layinge  of 
yt  01  01  00' 

August  1. 

Itm  to  my  ptiner  Mr  Shipman  his  Charges 

for  goinige  to  Mr  Comissaries  Court  August 

viz    horse    hire    and    Charges    then,     he 

beinge  Cited  a  distres  for  the  towne     00  02  10 

Itm  to  Richard  Lilborne  for  a  poore  mans 

supper  and  lodginge  . .          . .      00  00  06' 

Itm  to  the  Constables  for  Caryinge  whidley  to 

the  jayle 00  07  0&- 

2. 

Itm  to  Caryinge  a  barrell  of  tar  from  willm 
lawrences  howse  to  the  store  howse  00  02  00" 

3. 

Itm  to  Sr  H  Glemhams  man  for  bringing 
venison  to  the  towne  . .  . .  00  06  00' 

5. 

Itm  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and  dyett 
when  the  venison  was  spent  as  appeares  by 
his  bill  01  17  00 

6. 

Itm  to  Thomas  wolmaughe  for  drawinge  2 
Cariages  and  ii  newe  payer  of  wheeles  to 
Smythes  from  the  north  and  from  thence 
to  the  gunnes  . .  . .  00  01  00 

12. 

Itm  Thomas  Cooke  for  A  newe  gate  and 
posts  for  the  west  side  of  the  Churche 
yard  August  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  07  0& 

Itm  to  him  for  tryminge  the  stocks     . .    00  00  04* 

Itm  to  John  lowday  for  makinge  cleane  the 
Butchers  stalls  00  00  OS. 

Itm    to    John    Hills    for    tarringe    the 

Carriages         . .  00  01  00  < 

Itm  for  helpe  to  Carry  tarr  to  the 

cariages  . .          .".  . .          . .      00  00  06 

Itm    for    heetinge    the    stuff    att    sevall-  *< 

howses  . .          . .          . .          . .     00  00  04 

Itm  bringinge  of  bords  from  slatinge  to  lay 

under  the  cariages  . .  . .      00  00  0&. 

Itm  Spent  in  bere  to  help  to  lift  the  cariages 
to  putt  bords  under  the  wheeles  . .  00  00  0& 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  S.VIIL  MARCH  19, 1021. 


August  26. 

'Item  for  a  mop  and  use  of  a  pitch  pott     00  04  04 
Iltna   paid    to    Robt   Baldwin   for   wyne   and 
sugar    when    Mr    Segeant    Angell    was 

here 00  03  00 

September  7. 

:itm  to  Mathew  Piggott  for  a  pece  for  the 
beacon  and  for  his  worke  and  a  pitch 

barrell  00  05  08 

:lttnt  to  Thomas  mole  for  his  and  his  mans 

helpe 00  01  04 

Lltm.    for    Caryinge    Ropes    tarr    and    other 

things  00  00  04 

Itm  spent  in  bere  for  helpe     . .  . .      00  00  04 

Iltnat  for  ould  Ropes  and  for  use  of  Ropes  to 
furnishe  barrell  and  to  gett  it  upon  the 
beacon  . .  . .  . .  00  02  00 

lit  in  to  Thomas  Fiske  senr  for  a  cover  for  the 
pitch  barrell  and  ii  sheaves  for  the  crostree 
of  the  becon  . .  . .  . .  00  01  04 

It  u  for  Rushes  for  the  Towne  ball  . .      00  00  10 
'It'll  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  diett  and  wine  on 
the  eleccon  daye        . .  . .  . .      02  12  10 

Itm  to  Thomas  Incent  for  ii  jorney  to  Sr  horiry 
Glemhams       . .  . .  . .  00  01  00 

-Itm    to    Thomas    Cheney    for    a    Cragg    of 

sturgeon    #|$J. .  ..  ..  ..      00  16  00 

Itm  for  burying  a  drowned  man        . .      00  00  06 
Itm   to   Willm   Bardwell   for    dyett   on   the 
second  drift  Day       . .  . .  . .      00  06  06 

Itm    to    John    Richardson    the    Fen    Reve 
for  his  wages  . .  . .  . .      00  14  00 

Itm  to  him  for    halfe  a  day.-s  work  in  the 
mshe    . .  . .  . .         ' . .  00  00  06 

:ltm  for  helpe   to   dryve   the   Cattell   in.  the 
marshe  . .  . .  . .  00  03  10 

.      16. 
;  Itm  for  tryminge  14  Collyvers  and  Musketts 

of  the  townes  as  appeares  by  his  bill     01  12  08 
Itm  to  Charles  Warne^for  3  nevve  stocks  and 

7  scourers       . .      ^_ . .  00  09  03 

28. 
;  Itm  to  Thomas  wolnoe  for  drawinge  Caryags 

to  the  gunnes  wh  his  horses  . .      00  03  08 

Itm  spent  in  bread  and  beare  then  . .      00  00  OS 
Itm  to  a  Soldier  . .  . .  . .      00  01  00 

Itm  to   Mr   John   Bence   for    1    C   and   1   of 
wood    . .  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  04  00 

29. 
Itm   to    Robt   Pootie    for£keepinge   the 

beacons  . .  . .  . .  . .      02  00  00 

:  Itm  to  "M.T  Ripen  back  wche  he  paid  more  than 

due  upon  his  accompte    . .  . .      00  02  06 

iltmp'forCoggesfortheMillandNailes    00  06  00 
Itm  pd  to  Mr  Cheney  for  the  Comission  of  the 
Subsidies         . .  . .  . .  00  02  00 

Itm  to  him  for  his  jorney  to  Ipswche     00  02  06 
Itm  to  him  for   p-clamacons  and   geven  to 
two  soldiers   . .  . .  . .  00  02  09 

.'Itm    to    Mr    Osborne    for    the    mayned 

soldiers  . .  .  .  . .  00  06  08 

.Item  to'Swillm  Bardwell  for  dyett  &  wyne 
when  M-  Revet  was  here  att  the  ass  subs 
and  for  wyne  and  dyett  on  Michaelmas 
daye 04  07  24 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 
.  AldeburgV  Suffolk. 

(2*o  be  continued.) 


SHIRLEY  HIBBERD  AS  POET. — In  the 
sketch  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  of  this  able  horti- 
culturist and  journalist  there  is  no  mention 
of  him  as  a  writer  of  verse.  The  '  D.N.B.' 
only  names  a  few  of  his  writings  "  among 
many  other  works,"  and  though  he  disowns 
the  title  of  "  poet  "  it  is  worth  recording  that 
he  published  a  small  volume  entitled 
'Summer  Songs'  in  1852,  a  book  which  he 
says  "  will  still  be  dear  to  me,"  and  thus 
joined  the  band  of  naturalist  poets  of  the 
fellowship  of  Gilbert  White.  Though  his 
verses  may  occasionally  be  carelessly  strung 
together  there  is  something  pleasantly 
refreshing  about  them  ;  one  section,  as  might 
be  expected  from  what  we  know  of  the 
author,  is  fittingly  headed  '  Flower  Songs.' 
RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 

"  POPKINS'S  PLAN."  (See  12  S.  viii.  175). 
— MR.  ALFRED  B.  BEAVEN  is  justified  in 
his  belief  that  John  McGregor,  member  for 
Glasgow,  and  governor  of  the  Royal  British 
Bahk,  was  the  original  of  Disraeli's  "  Pop- 
kins  "  in  his  long-famous  description  of 
"  Popkins's  Plan" — not  "  Pipkins'  Clan,"  as 
by  obvious  error  it  is  described  at  the 
reference,  given.  It  was  on  the  third  read- 
ing of  the  Corn  Importation  Bill  for  the 
repeal  of  the  Corn  Laws  on  May  15,  1846, 
that  Disraeli  (who  had  not  spoken  on  the 
second  reading)  attacked  Peel  on  the  ground 
that 

"  faithful  to  the  law  of  his  being,  he  is  going  to 
pass  a  project  which  I  believe  it  is  a  matter  of 
notoriety  is  not  of  his  own  invention ....  After 
the  day  that  the  right  honourable  gentleman 
made  his  first  exposition  of  his  schemes,  a  gentle- 
man well  known  to  the  House,  and  learned  in  all 
the  political  secrets  behind  the  scenes,  met  me 
and  said,  '  Well,  what  do  you  think  of  your 
chief's  plan  ?  '  Not  knowing  exactly  what  to 
say,  but  taking  up  a  phrase  which  has  been  much 
used  in  the  House,  I  observed,  '  Well,  I  suppose 
it  is  a  great  and  comprehensive  plan.'  '  Oh  !  ' 
he  replied,  '  we  know  all  about  it ;  it  was  offered 
to  us  [the  Whigs].  It  is  not  his  plan ;  it  is 
Popkins's  plan.'  And  is  England  to  be  governed 
by  Popkins's  plan  ?  Will  the  right  honourable 
gentleman  go  to  the  country  with  it  ?  Will  he 
go  with  it  to  that  ancient  and  famous  England 
that  once  was  governed  by  statesmen — by 
Burleighs  and  by  Walsinghams  ;  by  Bolingbrokes 
and  by  Walpoles  ;  by  a  Chatham  and  a  Canning — 
will  he  go  to  it  with  this  fantastic  scheming  of 
some  presumptuous  pedant  ?  " 

John  McGregor  was  at  that  time  Second 
Assistant  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Trade, 
to  which  position  he  had  been  appointed  by 
the  Whigs  on  Jan.  24,  1840,  in  succession  to 
the  once  well-known  economist,  Joseph 
Deacon  Hume  ;  and  he  held  it  until  Aug.  0, 
1847,  resigning  because  he  had  been  .returned 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  19, 1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


227 


in  the  Liberal  interest  at  the  head  of  the  poll 
for  Glasgow  on  July  31.  It  is  obvious  that 
;the  ' '  presumptuous  pedant ' '  resented  the 
personal  attack  ;  and  on  Mar.  10,  1848,  there 
was  something  in  the  nature  of  an  alterca- 
tion between  Disraeli  and  himself  in  the 
iHouse  of  Commons,  in  the  course  of  a 
debate  on  the  Income  Tax.  Disraeli  started 
this  by  saying  that  he  "  should  first  notice 
the  gentleman  to  whom  I  have  already  made 
an  allusion,  as  it  would  seem  he  challenges  me 
ito  do  so — I  mean  the  honourable  gentleman 
the  member  for  Glasgow."  McGregor  twice 
:  interrupted,  but  the  speaker  declined  to  be 
.turned  aside  from  a  slashing  attack  on  the 
•one  who  "  has  actually  formed  the  minds  of 
Prime  Ministers.  He  is  confessedly  and 
•  avowedly  the  author  of  the  fatal  measures  of 
1845  and  1846."  And,  as  long  as  this  par- 
ticular controversy  was  actively  continued, 
*he  last  was  not  heard  of  "  Popkins's  Plan." 
ALFRED  BOBBINS. 

LANCASHIRE  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA. — In 
•a  Lancashire  Chancery  suit  of  1668,  evidence 
was  given  that  Robert  Vause  and  William 
.and  Edward  his  sons  were  then  living  in 
New  England.  It  is  clear,  from  the  case, 
that  they  had  emigrated,  their  relatives 
(living  at^Wavertree  and  Blackrod  (Pal.  of 
Lancaster  Chancery  Depositions,  bundle  80). 

In  a  later  case  (1727)  it  was  alleged  that 
Oapt.  Edward  (son  of  John)  Barrow  had 
about  twenty-eight  years  previously  settled 
in  Virginia  and  there  married.  He  died, 
•and  his  «on  Edward,  unknown  in  England, 
claimed  some  estate  in  Allithwaite  in  Cart- 
mel.  They  had  kinsmen  at  Whitehaven. 
Rappahannock  and  co.  Richmond  are 
named  as  places  of  settlement  (ibid., 
^bundles  158,  159).  J.  BROWNBILL. 

SPIT-RACKS, — It  is  quite  common  to  find 
above  the  mantelpiece  in  public-houses 
which  date  from  the  seventeenth  and 
•eighteenth  centuries  two  pieces  of  wood 
fixed  to  the  wall,  with  more  or  less  orna- 
mental notches  cut  in  them,  and  sometimes 
slightly  carved.  Their  distance  apart  is 
;always  in  proportion  to  the  width  of  the 
heart  h  above  which  they  are  fixed,  but 
four  feet  apart  may  be  taken  as  an  average 
width.  There  is  no  question  but  that  they 
served  as  a  rack  for  the  long  steel  spits 
upon  which  our  wise  forefathers  skewered 
their  meat  and  roasted  it  before  a  great 
fire.  There  is  a  brief  reference  to  them  in 
iShuffrey's  classic  '  The  English  Fireplace.' 


The  curious  point  is  that  without  any 
exception  they  are  called  "  gun-racks,"  not 
only  by  the  licensees  and  frequenters  of  the 
public -houses,  but  even  by  the  Historical 
Monuments  Commissioners  for  Buckingham- 
shire (vol.  ii.  p.  327).  In  this  last  case  (a 
private  house  of  the  sixteenth  century)  in  par- 
ticular the  brackets  now  retain  only  one  of 
three  notches,  this  as  usual  is  one  inch  across 
at  the  narrowest  part,  and  they  are  55  inches 
apart,  so  that  even  if  the  muzzle  of  a  gun 
could  be  lodged  in  one  notch,  the  other 
would  be  too  narrow  for  the  most  slender 
"grip"  at  the  stock  end,  and  the  distance 
apart  adds  to  the  absurdity  of  assigning 
their  use  to  the  support  of  guns  ;  to  say 
nothing  of  the  peculiarity  of  keeping  two 
or  three  guns  in  every  inn-kitchen. 

A  search  of  a  complete  series  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
fails  to  reveal  any  reference  to  spit -racks, 
and  it  would  be  most  interesting  to  know 
whether  any  reader  can  explain  the  widely 
prevalent  error  as  to  their  use. 

VALE  OF  AYLESBURY. 

END  OF  PRIVATE  BANK  NOTES. — Accord- 
ing to  The  Times  of  Feb.  10  the  last  bank 
issuing  its  own  notes,  viz.,  Messrs.  Fox, 
Fowler  &  Co.,  has  been  amalgamated  with 
Lloyd's  Bank,  thus  losing  its  privilege  of 
issuing  notes,  to  the  amount  of  6,528Z. 
Apparently,  the  absorbed  bank  used  to  be 
called  Fox  Brothers,  and  later  the  Wellington 
Somerset  Bank.  It  appears  under  both  these 
names  in  The  Post  Office  London  Directory 
for  1845.  In  The  Connoisseur  of  January, 
1903,  vol.  v.  p.  34  et  seg.,  is  an  article  by 
Mr.  Moberly  Phillips  on  '  Bank  Note  Collect- 
ing '  in  which  are  reduced  facsimiles  of 
Private  Bank  notes  ranging  in  dates  1730- 
1826,  and  in  amounts  1Z.-80Z.  Although 
there  is  not  a  facsimile  of  a  Fox  Brothers 
Bank  note  there  is  one  of  a  blank  Tally  Note 
worded  as  follows  : — 

No.  In  consequence  of  the  scarcity  of  Silver, 
this  ticket  is  issued  by  Fox,  Brothers,  as  a  voucher 
for  one  shilling,  in  payment  of  wages. 

Persons  in  trade,  and  others  are  requested  to 
take  this  ticket  as  money,  and  present  the  same 
for  Cash,  at  Tonedale  in  sums  not  less  than  One 
Pound.  Entd. 

(Perhaps  Tonedale  was  the  name  of  the 
house.) 

According  to  The  Times  : — 

"  In  1844,  when  the  Bank  Act  was  passed, 
were  207  private  banks  in  England  and 
having  the  right  to  issue  notes  up  to  an 
ato  amount  of  5.153,417Z." 
According  to  tho  Directory,  quoted  above* 
the  preface  of  which  is  dated  Dec.  6,  1844> 


228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  19, 1021. 


there  were  279  such  banks  with  an  aggregate 
issue    of    8,648, 864L     The    powers    of    issue 
ranged  from  1,503Z.  by  the  Helston  Banking 
Co.  to  356,976/.  by  Stuekey's  Banking  Co. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in 
formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

"  NOTHING  BUT  THEIR  EYES  TO  WEEP 
WITH." — A  supposed  saying  of  Bismarck's, 
that  war  must  be  waged  in  such  fashion  that 
nothing  remains  to  the  enemy  population 
but  their  eyes  to  weep  with,  was  quoted  in 
good  faith  by  English  people  during  the  war. 
It  was  shown  in  a  German  weekly  publication 
Deutsche  Politik,  1919,  No.  44^  pp.  545  f., 
that  according  to  Moritz  Busch  (Tagebucher, 
vol.  i.  pp.  179  f.,  under  date  Sept.  8,  1870), 
it  was  not  Bismarck,  but  General  Sheridan, 
who  made  the  remark,  a  proposof  the  treat- 
ment of  civilian  combatants.  His  words, 
says  Busch  (whose  German  I  here  translate) 
were  to  this  effect  : — 

"  The  richt  strategy  is  to  try  to  give  the  enemy 
hard  knocks  as  far  as  the  soldiers  are  concerned, 
but  also  to  inflict  so  many  hardships  on  the 
inhabitants  of  the  country  that  they  long  for 
peace  and  press  their  government  for  it.  Nothing 
must  remain  to  the  people  but  their  eyes,  to  weep 
over  the  war  with." 

Sheridan  was  military  attache  of  the  United 
States  with  the  German  army  in  1870. 

My  friend,  Prof.  Adolf  Deissmann,  recently 
in  his  Evangelischer  Wochenbrief  (third  series, 
No.  40/46,  p.  139)  was  able  to  trace  the 
same  form  of  words  much  farther  back, 
viz.,  to  a  certain  French  volunteer  named 
Joliclerc,  who  wrote  on  Aug.  17,  1793  : 
'.'  We  have  left  the  inhabitants  of  this 
country  [the  Rhenish  Palatinate]  nothing 
but  their  eyes  to  weep  with."  (I  again 
translate  the  German,  quoted  from  Gustav 
Landauer's  '  Brief e  aus  der  franzosischen 
Revolution,'  ii.  369.) 

The  saying  must  surely  be  much  older 
than  that,  and  I  shall  be '  grateful  to  any 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  can  furnish  an 
earlier  quotation.  It  may  be  the  relic  of 
some  very  ancient  barbarism  that  Joliclerc 
and  Sheridan  (or  Busch  ?)  were  repeating  ; 
and  who  knows  but  that  Bismarck  after  all 
did  use  the  words  on  some  occasion  or  other  ? 
L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham   University. 


OLD  INNS. — Can  any  one  give  the  name- 
of  the  owner,  or  manager,  of  The  Dolphin, 
Dolphin  Court,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  irs 
the  year  1827  ?  (Mrs.)  C.  STEPHEN. 

Wootton  Cottage,  Lincoln. 

"  THE  HAVEN  UNDER  THE  HILL,"  appears 
(1)  in  Tennyson's  '  Break,  break,  break'  : — 

The  stately  ships  go  on 

To  their  haven  under  the  hill, 
and  (2)  in  Henry  Newbolt's  '  Admirals  All '  t 

Admirals  all,  they  said  their  say 
(The  echoes  are  ringing  still)  ; 
Admirals  all,  they  went  their  way 

To  the  haven  under  the  hill. 
A  general  meaning  appears  to  be  a  shel- 
tered harbour  which  in  (2)  becomes  a  figure 
for  the  peace  of  the  grave.  But  has  the 
phrase  any  special  reference  to  any  par- 
ticular haven  and  hill  ?  I  have  conjectured, 
having  regard  to  the  context,  Portsmouth 
Harbour  overlooked  by  Portsdown  Hill. 

T.  HENDERSON. 
Mapumulo,  Natal. 

FOUNTAINS  RUNNING  WITH  WINE. — Where- 
can  one  find  any  particulars  about,  or 
description  of,  the  construction  of  fountains 
which  were  erected  in  London  on  festive 
occasions  and  used  to  run  with  wine. 

W.  W.  WHITE. 

61  Leyland  Road,  Lee,  S.E.12. 

LONDON  ETCHINGS  BY  JANE  SMITH. — 
I  have  some  etchings  of  views  in  the  suburbs 
of  London,  of  quarto  size,  loose,  in  a  light 
brown  wrapper,  uncut,  with  a  title-page  as, 
follows  : — 

"  Picturesque  Scenery  Round  London.  No.  II?. 
Most  respectfully  dedicated  to  the  Rev.  John, 
Grove  Spurgeon,  A.M.  of  Lowestoft  (sic),  Suffolk, 
by  his  obliged  servant,  Jane  Smith,  Teacher  of 
Etching,  London  :  Published  as  the  Act  directs 
Ocober  1,  1822,  by  Jane  Smith,  22  Carmarthen 
Street,  near  Upper  Gower  Street,  Bedford  Square. 
Price  Six  Shillings." 

On  the  back  of  this  title-page  is  printed  : — 

"  This  Number  contains  Six  Etchings  :  Three 
of  which  are  Topographical :  viz.  West  Entrance 
of  the  Village  of  Haggerstone,  near  Shoreditch,. 
as  it  appeared  in  1794  ;  White  Lead  Mills,  near 
Islington  taken  from  the  Garden  of  the  Rosemary, 
Branch;  the  Original  Garden  Entrance  to  Bagr 
nigge  Wells,  established  in  1680." 
What  were  the  titles  of  the  others  ? 

The  small  collection, I  have  seems  to  have- 
comprised  or  included  others  by  her  not 
named  as  above,  and  as  the  title-page  I  have 
quoted  is  No.  2  I  am  anxious  to  find  out. 
what  others  she  may  have  published.  In 
addition  to  those  already  given  I  have  the- 
following:  'Paddington  Canal.' ;.' Near  thfi& 


12  S.  VIII.  MABCH  19,  1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


229 


Red-House,  Battersea '  (two  views)  ;  '  Near 
Cock-Grow  Heath,  Surrey '  ;  and  '  South 
View  of  Old  Chalk  Farm,  allowed  by  tradi- 
tion to  have  been  a  country  residence  of 
Ben  Jonson.'  Some  of  these  obviously  do 
not  belong  to  Part  II. 

The  etchings  are  exceedingly  well  done, 
have  open  letter  titles  and  are  printed  on 
thick  paper  with  wide  uncut  margins,  water- 
marked 1815;  they  are  very  much  after  the 
style  of  John  Thomas  Smith,  and  one 
wonders  whether  the  artist  was  a  relative 
or  pupil  of  that  celebrated  London  topo- 
grapher and  draftsman. 

I  have  come  across  some  of  these  plates 
mostly  used  for  extra-illustrating  histories 
of  London  and  suburbs,  but  have  never  seen 
a  complete  set  of  them,  and  I  am  sure  any 
information  as  to  the  etchings  or  the  etcher 
would  be  very  welcome  to  many  London 
collectors.  The  wrapper  I  have  is  perfectly 
plain,  but  on  the  front  outside  leaf  is  written 
in  ink,  in  a  feminine  hand,  "  Miss  Smith's 
Etchings,  No.  2."  The  plates  are  variously 
numbered,  in  pencil,  at  the  right  hand  top 
corner,  30  to  38,  but  whether  by  the  artist 
or  a  former  owner  I  cannot  say.  None  of 
them  has  any  imprint  or  signature. 

E.  E.  NEWTON. 

"  Hampstead,"  Upminster,  Essex. 

ABNEPOS. — Is  there  any  known  instance 
of  this  word  being  used  for  any  less  remote 
descendant  than  a  grandchild's  grandson  ? 
A  testator  leaves  all  his  property  to  his 
abnepos  by  name,  and  dies  at  the  age  of  68. 
It  seems  to  involve  four  persons  marrying  at 
the  age  of  1 6  or  thereabout.  A.  T.  M. 

MONTE  GRISTO. — Was  there  an  "  original  " 
of  the  Count  of  Monte  Cristo  who  was 
imprisoned  in  the  Chateau  D'lf,  or  is  the 
story  entirely  due  to  the  imagination  of 
Alex.  Dumas,  pere  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

DR.  JOHNSON  :  PORTRAIT  IN  HILL'S  EDI- 
TION OF  BOSWELL. — The  frontispiece  to  the 
third  volume  of  Hill's  edition  of  Boswell's 
'  Life  of  Johnson '  consists  of  a  portrait, 
which  is  there  described  as  a  portrait 
of  Johnson,  by  Reynolds  ;  and  the  list  of 
illustrations,  in  the  first  volume  of  the  same 
edition,  describes  the  portrait  in  the  third 
volume  in  the  same  way.  But  no  one  can 
deny  that  the  portrait  in  question  is  very 
unlike  Johnson,  and  very  like  Goldsmith. 
Is  there  some  mistake  in  Hill's  edition,  and 
is  the  portrait  really  Goldsmith  ? 

W.  SCABSIE. 


HELLIER. — Can  any  one  tell  me  about 
Samuel  Hellier  of  Rushock  near  Bromsgrove 
in  Worcestershire.  He  came  of  age  in  1757, 
and  was  son  of  Samuel  Hellier  who  died  in 
1752.  A  Samuel  Hellier  was  High  Sheriff 
of  Worcestershire  in  1760  :  was  this  he,  and 
whom  did  he  marry,  and  when  die  ?  His 
mother  was  Miss  Huntback  of  Fetherston  and 
Woodhouses  in  Staffordshire.  Any  details 
about  her  and  her  family  I  should  be  glad  to 
learn.  M.  WYNDHAM  (Mrs.  H.  Wyndham). 

Queen's  Road,  Johannesburg,  S.  Africa. 

ALEXANDER  STOKOE  married  Ann  Bunyon 
at  St.  Pancras,  co.  Middlesex,  Dec.  2,  1809. 
What  is  known  of  him  or  his  family  ? 
I  have  seen  an  eighteenth-century  miniature 
of  a  lady  described  to  me  as  being  "  Miss 
Stokoe,  a  famous  beauty." 

F.  GORDON  ROE. 

Arts  Club,  40  Dover  Street,  W.I. 

GERVASE  DE  CORNHILL.  (See  12  S. 
vii.  490.) — Having  received  no  answer  to 
my  query  as  above,  may  I  re-state  it  a  little 
more  fully  in  the  hope  that  even  if  this  still 
does  not  evoke  the  information  required, 
the  new  details  may  be  of  assistance'  to 
future  inquirers  ? 

Dr.  Round  has  shown  that  Gervase  was 
"  son  of  Roger  nepos  Huberti,"  and  obtained 
Chalk  in  Kent  on  his  presumed  death. 
Roger  had  had  a  grant  of  it  about  1120  when 
Eudo  "  Dapifer "  its  previous  possessor 
died  and  Eudo  had  had  it  after  Adam 
FitzHubert  his  brother,  the  Domesday 
holder. 

Query  A. — Was  Roger  grandson  of  Hubert 
de  Rie,"  the  father  of  Adam  and  Eudo,  and 
therefore  nephew  of  their  other  brother 
Hubert  FitzHubert  de  Rie,  Castellan  of 
Norwich  ? 

But  Gervase  was  not  merely  "  son  of 
Roger  nepos  Huberti,"  he  was  closely  con- 
nected with  Hubert,  King  Stephen's  Cham- 
berlain, of  whom  he  held  lands  and  with 
whom  and  his  son  Richard  de  Anesty  he 
made  grants  (v.  Cat.  Ancient  Deeds,  Pub. 
Rec.  Office,  passim)  which  point  to  a  near 
relationship.  Now  this  Hubert  the  Cham- 
berlain and  his  heirs  held  the  manor  of 
Bracchinges  (Bracksted)  in  Essex  after 
Eudo  "  Dapifer,"  which  brings  him  into  the 
Hubert  de  Rie  descendance,  but  from  his 
date  he  was  hardly  Roger's  uncle  :  he  had 
however  a  father  Hubert  (or  Herbert), 
Chamberlain  to  Henry  I. 

Query  B. — Was  this  Hubert  or  Herbert 
the  (first)  Chamberlain,  uncle  of  Roger  ? 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  19, 1921. 


If  so  his  son's  and  grandson's  connexion 
with  Gervase  son  of  Roger  falls  into  natural 
lines. 

The  Herbert -Finches,  Earls  of  Winchilsea, 
claim  descent  from  him  and  if  the  above 
affiliation  hold  good  it  affords  the  earliest 
confirmation  of  the  traditional  descent  of  the 
Hoberds  of  Norfolk,  Huberds  of  Essex  and 
Huberds  of  Kent  from  a  common  ancestor. 

It  poses  one  other  conundrum.  Who  was 
this  first  Hubert  the  Chamberlain  ?  The 
'D.N.B.'  says  under  FitzHerbert,  little  is 
certainly  known  of  him,  though  he  was 
father  of  the  second  Hubert  Camerarius 
and  of  a  "  Saint "  and  Archbishop  of  York, 
and  is  said  to  have  married  Emma,  sister  of 
King  Stephen. 

Query  C. — Was  he  son  of  Hubert,  son, 
with  Adam  and  Eudo,  of  Hubert  de  Rie  ? 

In  the  De  Rie  pedigree  this  Hubert  Fitz- 
Hubert,  of  Norwich,  had  two  sons,  Henry, 
died  s.p.  before  1162,  and  another  Hubert, 
dead  before  1158,  who  might  be  our  (first) 
Chamberlain,  and  he  had  a  son  also  Hubert 
who  might  have  been  our  (second)  Cham- 
berlain had  not  this  Hubert  died,  as  is  said, 
without  male  issue,  while  the  (second) 
Chamberlain  left  a  son,  Richard  de  Anesty 
and  a  line  of  successors. 

If  the  compiler  of  the  De  Rie  pedigree 
did  not  know  the  De  Anestys  were  "  sons 
of  Hubert,"  he  may  have  assumed  without 
proof  the  failure  of  his  male  issue. 

If  we  identify  Hubert  or  Herbert  the 
Chamberlain  of  Henry  I.  with  Hubert  or 
Herbert  the  grandson  of  Hubert  de  Rie,  we 
not  only  bring  all  the  above-named  within 
the  circle  of  Eudo  "  Dapifer's  "  immediate 
family,  but  we  have  a  fairly  exact  pedigree 
of  the  descendants  of  Hubert  de  Rie  and 
of  the  ascendants  of  Gervase  de  Cornhill, 
which  Kent  genealogists  would  value. 

PERCY  HULBTJRD. 

124  Inverness  Terrace,  W. 

ROBERT  J}ICKSON.- — I  seek  genealogical 
information  regarding  (1)  Robert  (born 
1794-6)  the  sixth  son  of  Admiral  William 
Dickson,  of  Sydenham  House,  Roxburgh, 
by  his  second  wife  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  James 
Charteris,  whom  he  married  in  1786,  and 
(2)  Robert  (born  Jan.  21,  1790,  at  Edin- 
burgh), the  fifth  or  sixth  son  of  Samuel 
Dickson,  builder  and  contractor  of  Edin- 
burgh, by  his  wife  Agnes,  youngest  dau.  of 
Thomas  Baillie,  millwright,  on  the  Water  of 
Leith. 

;     A  Robert  Dickson,  an  architect  in  Edin- 
burgh,   whose    family    motto    was    "Fortes 


fortuna  juvat,"  married  Jean  Lucas,  sister 
of  Dr.  Lucas,  an  Edinburgh  surgeon,  and  it 
is  thought  that  he  may  have  been  either  the 
one  or  the  other  of  the  two  mentioned  above, 
the  former  of  whom  has  the  same  family 
motto.  Robert  Dickson  had  a  numerous 
issue,  including  James  Creighton  Dickson, 
Richard  Dickson,  Robert  Dickson,  John 
Dickson,  Alexander  Dickson,  and,  I  think, 
Joseph  Dickson.  One  of  the  sons,  Richard, 
I  think,  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
James  Thomson  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  distillers, 
Leith. 

Any  information  will  be  esteemed. 

JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

SHELLEY  AND  KEATS  :  BIBLIOGRAPHIES 
WANTED. — If  any  reader  could  give  me  a 
list  of  the  titles  of  the  papers  or  publications 
issued  by  the  Shelley  Society,  I  should  be 
very  grateful.  I  have  understood  that 
there  were  other  and  special  publications  of 
the  Society  beside  the  regular  Proceedings. 

I  should  also  be  grateful  for  the  titles  of 
any  good  bibliography,  or  bibliographies,  of 
John  Keats,  published  since  that  included 
in  W.  M.  Rossetti's  'Life  of  Keats'  (1887). 
I  am  anxious  for  particulars  of  Keatsiana 
and  Keats' s  first  editions,  rather  than  for 
literary  criticism  or  appreciation.  I  am 
acquainted  with  E.  de  Selincourt's  brief 
bibliography. 

Some  time  since  I  inquired  in  your  columns 
for  a  list  of  the  bibliographical  writings  of 
Mr.  Thomas  J.  Wise.  I  should  like  to  take 
this  opportunity  for  thanking  the  writer 
of  the  Reply  for  the  complete  information 
furnished.  E.  G.  BTJTTRICK. 

307  Wilder  Street,  Lowell,  Mass. 

RICHD.  GAMWEL  (CAMWEL),  CLOCKMAKER. 
— I  have  a  green  lacquer  long  case  clock  in 
my  possession  with  the  name  "  Richd. 
Gamwel,"  or  perhaps  "  Richd.  Camwell," 
engraved  on  either  side  of  the  figure  VI. 
at  the  base  of  the  dial.  I  should  be  grateful 
if  any  of  your  readers  could  supply  par- 
ticulars as  to  date  and  place,  or  any  other 
details  likely  to  be  of  interest  regarding  the 
above-named  maker.  P.  J.  T.  TEMPLER. 

The  Bank  House,  Rutland  Road,  Skegness. 

KINGSTON  HOUSE,  KNIGHTSBRIDGE. — At 
what  date  was  this  house  built  ?  Has  it 
undergone  any  important  structural  altera- 
tion since  first  erected  ?  Does  the  present 
boundary  wall  stand  in  its  original  position  ? 

H.  A.  P. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  19,  1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


231 


"  COMLIES  "  AND  "  CONY  BAGS." — I  have 
In  my  possession  a  diary  of  a  Colour  Sergeant 
of  the  19th  Foot,  1810-1837.  He  served  in 
CJeylon  during  the  rebellion  there  in  1817-18, 
rand  in  connexion  with  his  experiences  the 
following  passage  occurs  : — 

"  We  left  Batticaloa  and  arrived  at  Mandore 
and  the  resting  house  without  anything  occurring 
of  consequence,  but  this  night  we  foolishly,  to 
save  ourselves  trouble,  did  not  take  our  comlies 
out  of  the  cony  bags,  and  in  the  night  time  it 
set  in  very  wet  and  cold  and  we  were  nearly 
starved  to  death." 

Can  any  one  tell  me  the  meaning  of 
"comlies"  and  what  exactly  were  "cony 
bags  ?  "  M.  L.  FERKAB,  Major  Retd.  Pay. 

Torwood,  Belfast. 

THE  PLACE-NAME  TOTLAND. — It  has  been 
supposed  by  those  who  study  the  nomen- 
clature of  the  Isle  of  Wight  that  the  deriva- 
tion of  this  new  watering-place's  name  is 
unknown.  Recently  however  a  suggestion 
was  made  public  that  the  meaning  was 
"  a  look-out  place,"  and  that  the  first 
syllable  is  a  form  of  an  ancient  verb,  "  used 
in  the  thirteenth  century,"  "  to  tote "  or 
"to  watch."  As  I  have  seen  no  comment 
on  this  note,  and  as  the  only  form  of  "  tote  " 
now  generally  known  refers  to  carrying 
loads,  I  should  be  grateful  for  information 
as  to  what  may  only  be  a  piece  of  clever 
guess-work.  Y.  T. 

HUNTING  SONGS  :  CHAWORTH  MUSTERS. — 
"  Hunting  Songs  and  Poems.  Collected  by 
John  Chaworth  Musters,"  is  the  title  of  an 
undated  and  apparently  privately  published 
volume,  with  photo  frontispiece  showing  the 
compiler  amongst  his  hounds.  He  was  the 
well-known  sportsman  and  M.F.H.,  and 
died  in  1887.  Of  the  songs,  &c.,  one  has 
appended  to  it,  "  L.  C.  Musters,  1872"; 
another,  "  F.  and  L.C.M.  "  ;  and  a  third 
"  L.  C.  M."  ;  as  indicating  authors.  The 
'  D.N.B.'  in  a  notice  of  George  Chaworth 
Musters  (1841-1879),  a  younger  brother  of 
John, says : 

"  His  wife  Herminia,  daughter  of  George 
Williams  of  Sucre,  Bolivia,  was  authoress  of 
*  A  Book  of  Hunting  Songs  and  Sport,'  London, 
1888  (Allibone)." 

Can  I  be  informed  if  there  are  in  fact  two 
volumes  of  the  same  character,  one  of  songs, 
&c.,  collected  by  John  Chaworth  Musters, 
and  another  attributable  to  the  "  authoress  " 
of  the  'D.N.B.'?  I  should  also  be  glad  to 
know  date  of  publication  of  the  first  described 
book.  It  seems  not  unlikely  that  some 
•confusion  has  arisen  as  to  the  volume,  or 
volumes.  AY.  B.  H. 


"  MARK  RUTHERFORD." — I  should  be  glad 
of  biographical  details  concerning  Hale 
White  ("Mark  Rutherford"),  and  of  in- 
formation regarding  other  of  his  works  than 
those  recently  published  in  cheap  editions. 
Was  he  not  the  author  of  a  book  about  the 
House  of  Commons  ?  A.  K.  CHIGNELL. 

Charterhouse,  Hull. 

MARTEN,  co.  Sussex,  descended  from  those 
of  Aquitaine,  1386.  Arms  :  a  foil  sa.,  on  a 
chief  indented  gu.  three  escallops  or. 

Wanted  information  about  this  family 
after  that  date  in  Sussex.  A.  E.  MARTEN. 

64  Howbury  Street,  Bedford. 

AUTHOR  OP  QUOTATION  WANTED. — 
Who  wrote  the  following  and  where  ? 
And  still  in  the  beautiful  city  the  river  of  life 

is  no  duller 
Only  a  little  strange  as  the  eighth  hour  dreamily 

chimes 
In   the   city  of  friends  and    echoes    ribbons    and 

music  and  colour 
Lilac    and    blossoming    chestnut,    willows    and 

whispering  limes. 

The  lines  were  part  of  a  question  in  a  London 
Matriculation  examination.  Apart  from  the 
satisfaction  of  tracing  the  lines  after  a  long  search 
it  would  be  interesting  to  know  how  far  they 
can  be  regarded  as  a  fair  question.  C.  B. 


CHURCHES  OF  ST.  MICHAEL. 

(12  S.  viii.   190.) 

I  WENT  to  St.  Alban's  one  day  in  company 
with  the  Abbot  of  a  Scottish  Monastery  in 
order  to  see  the  Sic  sedebat  monument  of 
Francis  Bacon  in  St.  Michael's  Church. 
Arriving  there  by  motor  I  remarked  that  I 
did  not  know  where  the  said  church  stood. 
"  It  must  be  outside  the  old  town,"  said 
my  companion.  I  asked  what  was  the 
reason  for  that  position.  "  Because,"  he 
replied,  "  the  Archangel  Michael  is  the 
guardian,  and  churches  dedicated  to  him  are 
usually  at  the  gate  or  outside  the  walls  of  a 
town."  He  cited  Mont -Saint -Michel  in  Xor- 
mandy  and  St.  Michael's  Mount  in  Cornwall 
as  instanqes  in  point,  being  guard-posts  on 
the  bounds  of  their  respective  realms.  We 
found  St.  Michael's  Church  on  the  west  side 
of  St.  Albans,  standing  within  the  bounds 
of  the  vanished  Roman  Verulaneum. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Monreith. 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [ia S.VHJ.MABCH  19,1921. 


Personally  I  am  not  aware  of  any  tradition 
in  England  that  churches  dedicated  to  St. 
Michael  should  always  be  on  high  ground. 
But  in  my  native  county  of  Somerset,  I  know 
several  which  occupy  that  position — quite  a 
third  of  the  total  number  which  bear  the 
name  of  the  saint.  Everyone  knows  St. 
Michael's  on  Glastonbury  Tor,  and  Mine- 
head  parish  church.  Then  there  are  the 
churches  at  South  Brent,  Milverton,  North 
Cadbury,  Compton  Martin,  Templecombe 
and  Penselwood.  The  churches  at  East 
Coker,  Haselbury  Plucknett,  and  Somerton 
might  also  be  included  for  they  are  on 
knolls,  if  not  actual  hills.  The  parish  church 
in  the  village  in  which  I  live — Pinhoe — -is  a 
striking  example.  It  is  upwards  of  a  mile 
away  and  stands  over  200  feet  above  the 
village  street.  The  old  church  at  Honiton 
stands  some  500  feet  above  sea  level,  and, 
probably,  150  feet  above  the  centre  of  the 
town.  Another  instance  is  the  church  at 
Brent  Tor  in  Devon.  This  one  is  1130  feet 
above  sea  level.  These  are  just  a  few  local 
cases  which  may  be  interesting. 

W.  G.  WILLIS  WATSON. 

Pinhoe,  Devon. 

Baedeker's  'Southern  Italy'  (13th  edn- 
1900),  at  p.  196  says  : — 

"  About  2  miles  to  the  west  of  Manfredonia, 
on  the  road  to  Foggia,  is  the  Cathedral  of  Santa 
Maria  Maggiore  di  Siponto,  a  fine  example  of  the 
Romanesque  style,  with  a  crypt ....  A  road .... 
leads  hence  to  (10£  m.)  Monte  Santangelo 

(2655  ft.  ; )  with  a  picturesque  castle,  and  a 

famous  old  sanctuary  of  San  Michele,  where  a 
great  festival  is  celebrated  on  8th  May.  The 
chapel  consists  of  a  grotto  to  which  86  steps 
descend  and  where  as  the  legend  runs,  St.  Michael 
appeared  to  St.  Laurentius,  Archbishop  of 
Sipontum,  in  491." 

Other  authorities  put  the  date  494  and  others 
530-40.  As  to  the  dates  of  the  apparition  of 
St.  Michael  on  St.  Michael's  Mount,  Cornwall, 
see  US.  xii.  239.  It  was  probably  in  the 
sixth  century ,  and  that  on  Mont  Saint-Michel 
Brittany,  was  probably  about  708.  These 
reported  apparitions  no  doubt  account  for 
the  popular  view  that  St.  Michael  ought  to 
be  honoured  in.  high  places. 

Mgr.  Duche^ne,  '  Christian  Worship  ' 
(S.P.C.K.  1.903),  at  p.  276,  says:— 

"  The  only  angel  of  whom  we  find  a  commemo- 
ration before  the  ninth  century  is-  St.  Michael. 
Festivals  of  this  kind  can  be  attributed  only  to 
the  dedications  of  churches.  This  was  the  case, 
in  fact,  with  the  Byzantine  festival  of  the  8th  oi 
November,  relative  to  the  Church  of  St.  Michael 
in  the  baths  of  Arcadius  ;  also  with  the  festival 
of  the  8th  of  May,  relative  to  the  celebrated 
sanctuary  ©f  Monte  Gargano,  and  with  that  of  the 


29th  of  September,  relative  to  a  church  (destroyed 
long  ago)  in  the  suburbs  of  Rome  at  the  sixth, 
milestone  on  the  Via  Salaria.  This  festival  of 
St.  Michael  is  the  only  one  of  the  kind  which 
appears  in  the  early  Roman  liturgical  books. 
It  is  found  in  an  authority  as  early  as  the  Leonine 
Sacramentary,  that  is,  of  the  sixth  century. 
The  Gallican  books  and  calendars  make  no 
mention  of  a  day  especially  assigned  to  the 
commemoration  of  St.  Michael  the  archangel." 

The    6th    Lection   in  the    2nd     Nocturn. 
for    May   8,  after  relating   the    starting    of 
the  cult  of  St.  Michael  on  Monte  Gargane, 
proceeds : — 

"  Nee  ita  multo  post  Bonifacius  Papa  Romae 
n  summo  circo  ^ancti  Michaelis  ecclesiam 
dedicavit  tertio  Kalendas  Octobris." 

"  In  summo  circo  "  cannot  refer  to  a 
church  at  the  sixth  milestone  on  the  Via 
Salaria.  It  would  seem  more  probable  that 
it  refers  to  the  church  of  San  Michele  in 
Sassia  near  the  Vatican :  but  in  fact  neither 
of  these  churches  was  built  on  high  ground : 
nor  were  any  of  the  six  churches  dedicated 
to  St.  Michael  in  the  City  of  London,  parti- 
culars of  which  are  given  by  Stow. 

Of  the  two  modern  Benedictine  Abbeys 
in  England  dedicated  to  St.  Michael,  Farn- 
borough  is  at  the  top  of  a  hill,  and  Belmont 
in  the  Wye  valley  close  to  the  river,  and  of 
old  parish  churches  I  know  of  several  dedi- 
cated to  this  saint  in  England  equally  low- 
lying.  Still  no  doubt  the  late  Mr.  Francis 
Bond  is  right  in  saying,  ('Dedication  of 
English  Churches'  (1914),  at  p.  36),  that 
St.  Michael  is  "  especially  the  protector  of 
high  places."  He  instances  amongst  others 
the  Skelig  Michel  on  the  west  coast  of 
Ireland,  the  chapel  of  St.  Michel  at  Le  Puy, 
on  the  stump  of  an  old  volcano,  and  his 
church  on  the  summit  of  Brent'  Tor,  in  the 
middle  of  Dartmoor. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Not  all  churches  of  this  dedication  stand 
upon  high  ground.  St.  Michael's,  Ports- 
mouth, is  probably  not  more  than  10  ft. 
above  sea  level.  St.  Michael's,  Croydon,  is 
in  a  low  part  of  the  town,  though  not  quite 
the  lowest.  St.  Michael,  Queenhithe,  in  the 
City  was  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  near  the 
riverside  and  St.  Michael,  Paternoster  Royal, 
is  but  a  little  way  up  College  Hill. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

16  Long  Acre,  W.C.2. 

Churches  or  chapels  on  hill  tops  were  often 
dedicated  either  to  St.  Michael  the  Arch- 
angel, or  to  St.  Catherine  of  Alexandria. 
Well-known  examples  of  the  former  are- 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  19, 1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


233 


Mont  St.  Michel,  off  the  coast  of  Normandy, 
and  St.  Michael's  Mount  in  Cornwall. 
Clitheroe  Castle  is  erected  on  a  mass  of 
limestone  rock  that  towers  above  the  town, 
and  the  chapel  in  it  was  called  St.  Michael 
in  the  Castle,  and  was  the  parish  church 
for  all  the  forests  within  the  Honour  of 
Clitheroe.  Examples  of  the  latter  are  the 
Hermitage  "  super  Montem  de  Chale  in 
Insula  Vecta  in  honore  Sanctae  Katerinae," 
existing  A.D.  1312,  and  the  Oratory  erected 
by  Walter  de  Godeton  on  the  same  down  a 
few  years  later,  also  dedicated  to  the  same 
saint,  which  have  given  the  name  of  St. 
Catherine  to  the  down,  and  to  the  neighbour- 
ing Point,  and  to  the  powerful  St.  Catherine 
Lighthouse  situate  there,  which  is  so  well 
known  to  "  all  that  go  down  to  the  sea  in 
ships."  There  are  also  St.  Catherine's  hill 
near  Winchester,  and  St.  Catherine's  hill 
near  Christchurch,  on  the  latter  of  which, 
according  to  tradition,  the  Priory  Church 
should  have  been  erected,  but  the  founda- 
tions laid  there  several  times  were  as  often 
mysteriously  removed  to  the  present  site, 
until  at  last  the  builders  were  convinced  it 
was  the  will  of  heaven  that  the  building 
should  be  erected  at  Christchurch  where  it 
now  stands. 

The  reason  for  churches  on  hills  being 
dedicated  to  St.  Michael  is  that  their  exposed 
situation  rendered  them  peculiarly  liable  to 
damage  by  storms  and  tempests,  which  our 
forefathers  believed  were  caused  by  the 
devil — the  Prince  of  the  Power  of  the  Air — 
and  his  attendant  fiends.  Hence  it  was 
specially  appropriate  that  churches,  so 
exposed,  should  be  placed  under  the  dedi- 
cation and  protection  of  the  Archangel  St. 
Michael,  who  was  regarded  as  the  leader  of 
the  heavenly  host  and  the  great  antagonist 
and  conqueror  of  the  Devil,  and  who  is  so 
frequently  represented  in  ecclesiastical  art 
as  triumphing  over  Satan,  represented  as  a 
dragon.  St.  Catherine  is  the  patron  saint 
of  hills,  because  according  to  ecclesiastical 
legend,  after  her  martyrdom,  angels  took 
her  body  to  Mount  Sinai  and  buried  it  there. 
WM.  SELF-W^EEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 


HUNDREDTH  PSALM  :  GAELIC  VERSIONS 
(12  S.  vii.  405).— To  the  versions  of  the  first 
line  adduced  by  Mr.  Anderson  may  be  added 
that  of  Bishop  Bedell  (Dublin  edition,  1827)  : 
"  Deanaidh  fuam  luatgaireae  cum  an  Tighe- 
arna,  a  talam  nile."  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,;  Manchester. 


"  AUSTER  "  LAND  TENURE  (12  S.  viii.  109,, 
192). — Astre  in  the  forms  of  hosier,  aster  and 
ayster  occurs  in  the  Court  Rolls  of  the  Manor 
of  Chatburn  Worston  and  Pendleton  ( '  Court 
Rolls  of  the  Honour  of  Clitheroe,'  edited  by 
Dr.  William  Farrer).  At  a  Halmote  held 
May  30,  1530,  Jennet  Cromock  surrendered 
(inter  alia]  ten  acres  of  oxgang  land  in 
Pendilton  and  one  hosier  in  Pendilton  to  the- 
use  of  her  son  Christopher  Cromock.  At  a> 
Halmote  held  on  Oct.  21,  1532,  the  latter 
(then  called  Christopher  Crombock)  sur- 
rendered one  "  le  aster "  and  ten  acres  of 
oxgang  land  lying  in  Penhulton  with  the- 
appurtenances  to  the  use  of  Robert  Sclatyer ; 
and  at  a  Halmote  held  on  July  16,  1548, 
Robert  Sclater  surrendered  a  messuage 
called  '  le  Ayster '  and  ten  acres  of  oxgang 
land  lying  in  Penhulton  to  the  use  of  John 
Braddill.  It  is  quite  clear  from  the  above 
that  astre,  the  word  for  hearth,  is  here  used 
for  the  house  itself,  and  it  testifies  to  the 
importance  of  the  domestic  hearth  in  early 
times  when  it  was  the  centre  and  altar  of 
the  primitive  family.  Elton  ( '  Origins  of 
English  History ' )  arrives  at  the  conclusion 
that  the  oldest  customs  of  inheritance  in 
England  and  Germany  were,  in  their  remote 
beginnings,  connected  with  a  domestic 
religion,  based  upon  the  worship  of  ancestral 
spirits,  of  which  the  hearth-place  was  essen- 
tially the  shrine  and  altar.  The  idea  of  the 
sacredness  of  the  hearth  is  still  retained  in  the 
often  expressed  belief  that  you  should  never 
venture  to  poke  the  fire  in  another  man's 
house  till  you  have  known  him  seven  years. 
In  many  cases  the  spirits  of  departed 
ancestors  were  no  doubt  the  originals  of 
household  "  boggarts."  Well  Hall  in  Clithe- 
roe was  supposed  to  be  haunted,  and  an  old 
lady,  whose  family  had  occupied  the  house 
for  several  generations,  told  me,  in  all 
sincerity,  over  thirty  years  ago, 'that  her 
mother's  grandmother  was  on  very  friendly 
terms  with  the  boggart,  and  that,  in  the 
evening,  when  the  hearth  was  swept,  she 
used  to  sit  on  one  side  of  the  fire,  and 
the  boggart  on  the  other,  and  they  used 
to  "  camp "  one  another  (that  is,  chat 
familiarly  together). 

As  Sir  Laurence  Gomme  has  pointed  out,, 
possession  of  a  homestead  was  the  source 
of  all  other  rights  in  the  ancient  village 
community.  The  cultivated  land  of  the 
village  was  held  by  the  owners  of  the  village 
houses.  Hence  "  auster-land "  probably 
means  the  ancient  cultivated  land  of  a  village 
or  manor,  the  ownership  of  which  was 
originally  annexed  to  that  of  the  ancient. 


"234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MARCH  w,  1921. 


village  houses,  in  contradistinction  to  land 
^which,  at  some  more  recent  period,  had  been 
improved,  or  enclosed,  from  the  waste.  By 
the  customs  of  many  manors,  new  enclosures 
^were  held  subject  to  different  conditions 
from  those  governing  the  ancient  cultivated 
.lands.  WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

Do  the  notes  at  the  latter  reference  throw 
••any    light    on    the    place-name    Austerfield, 
borne    by   a   small   village   or   hamlet   near 
Bawtry  ?  C.  C.  B. 

"DEATH  AS  FRIEND"  (12  S.  viii.  191).— 
Good  Words  for  May,  1893  (vol.  xxxiv., 
pp.  344,  et  seq.)  contained  an  article  by 
J.  M.  Gray,  on  the  artist  who  produced  the 
drawing  entitled  '  Der  Tod  also  Freund,' 
from  which  I  extract  the  following  : — 

"  Alfred  Eethel  was  bom  at  Aix-la-Chapelle 
••on  May  15,  1816  the  4th  son  of  an  official  of  the 
French  Government  from  Strasburg,  who  married 
•the  daughter  of  a  prosperous  tradesman,  and 
started  a  chemical  manufactory  at  Diepenbend 
House  near  Aix.  Before  he  had  attained  his 
•6th  year  he  fell  beneath  the  wheels  of  a  passing 
waggon  and  his  head  was  severely  injured.  His 
?*ecovery  was  slow  and  gradual.  At  the  age  of 
13  Jie  executed  a  design  which  procured  his 
^admission  to  the  Diisseldorf  Academy.  At  the 
-age  of  21  he  went  to  Frankfort  to  study  under 
Philip  Veit,  the  painter  of  '  The  Heavenly  Stranger ' 
which  has  been  regarded  as  the  prototype  of 
:Holman  Hunt's  '  Light  of  the  World.'  Bethel 
decorated  the  restored  Council  Chamber  of  Aix 
with  frescoes,  which  he  commenced  in  1843. 
He  was  married  in  1850.  His  health  failed,  and 
liis  mind  became  affected,  and  after  a  return  from 
-a  visit  to  Borne  in  1852  his  malady  increased. 
He  was  placed  in  an  asylum  at  Dusseldorf  and 
•died  on  December  1,  1859.  In  two  of  his  works 
he  deals  with  the  power  and  presence  of  death. 
'They  delineate,  in  telling  symbolism,  two  con- 
trasted modes  of  the  coming  to  mortality  of  the 
King  of  Terrors. 

"  The  first  design   '  Death  the  Avenger  '   was 

.•suggested  by  the  appearance  of  the  cholera  at  a 

masked  ball   in  Paris  in   1831.     The  story  goes 

that  this  drawing  so  haunted  the  artist  friends 

•  of  Bethel  to  whom  it  was  shown,  that  it  mingled 

with  their  dreams,  and  that  they  could  not  rid 

themselves  of  its  memory,  and  it  was  in  expiation 

that  he  produced  the  second  design  *  Death  the 

.Friend.'  "  .    *  $ 

The  writer  of  the  article  observes  that  on 
r  the  technical  side,  the  original  woodcuts 
•are  not  less  remarkable  than  for  their 
imaginative  qualities.  The  method  of  draw- 
ing is  founded  on  that  of  Albert  Diirer,  upon 
the  broad,  firm,  clear  line-work  which  he 
employs  in  the  subjects,  which  were  after- 
wards produced  in  facsimile  by  his  wood 
engravers.  They' show  the  keenest  percep- 
tion of  the  various  objects  to  be  portrayed 


and  the  simplest  and  most  direct  use  of  the 
line  to  express  the  forms,  and  in  these 
respects  they  afford  valuable  examples  to 
the  student.  Not  less  remarkable  are  they 
in  composition,  in  the  dignified  and  monu- 
mental disposition  of  their  masses,  and  in 
their  telling  and  effective  arrangements  of 
light  and  shade.  Both  the  technical  excel- 
lence and  the  emotional  power  of  these 
designs  were  recognized  by  Ruskin.  In 
his  '  Elements  of  Drawing '  he  places  them 
in  his  list  of  things  to  be  studied,  and  in  his 
'  Modern  Painters  '  he  refers  to  '  Death  the 
Avenger'  and  'Death  the  Friend'  as  two 
inexpressibly  noble  and  pathetic  wooclcut 
grotesques.  WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

It  may  interest  your  correspondent  to 
know  that  there  is  a  stained-glass  window 
copied  from  the  print  he  describes  in 
Hawsker  Church  near  Whitby,  Underneath 
is  the  couplet  : — 

Be  the  day  weary,  be  the  day  long 
At  length  it  ringeth  to  evensong. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 
23  Stonegate,  York. 

'  Der  Tod  als  Freund  '  was  one  of  a  series 
of  wood-engravings  published  by  H.  Biirk- 
ner  at  Dresden.  The  artist  was  Richard 
Julius  Jungtow,  who  was  born  at  Dresden 
on  Sept.  12,  1828.  I  do  not  know  when  he 
died.  The  notice  of  him  in  the  '  Allgemeines 
Kiinstler-Lexicon,'  by  H.  A.  Miiller  and 
H.  W.  Singer  (Frankfurt  am  M.,  1896)  runs 
as  follows  : — 

"  Jungtow,  Bichard  Julius,  Holzschneider, 
geb.  12  Sept.,  1828,  in  Dresden,  Schuler  von 
Biirkner.  Er  schnitt  nach  Zeichnungen  von 
Bethel,  Schnorr,  Bichter,  &c." 

This  engraving  was  popular  at  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  in  the  nineties. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


ROYAL  BRITISH  BANK  (12  S.  viii.  130, 
175). — The  genesis  of  this  ill-fated  concern 
is  thus  given  in  Irving' s  '  Annals  of  our 
Time,'  1848  :— 

"  Nov.  22.  Meeting  at  the  London  Tavern 
of  speculators  desirous  of  establishing  a  '  British 
Bank '  on  the  principle  of  the  Scotch  companies." 

So  shortly  before  the  failure  of  the  Royal 
British  Bank  on  Sept.  3,  1856,  as  January  24 
in  that  year,  the  Board  of  Trade  had  certi- 
fied an  addition  of  100,OOOZ.  to  the  capital. 
The  trial  of  the  Directors  occupied  thirteen 
days  and  a  subsequent  application  by  the 
convicted  directors  and  officials  was  refused. 
One  director  was  at  the  trial  fined  a  shilling  ; 


:i 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  19, 1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


235 


Serjeant  Ballantine  in  his  '  Experiences 
animadverts  with  some  plainness  thereon 
The  excitement  attendant  on  the  trial  hac 
been  heightened  by  contemporary  failure 
of  the  Western  Bank  of  Scotland,  and  o 
-other  banks  in  Liverpool,  Northumberlanc 


Durham,  and  at  Wolverhampton 
occasioning  suspension  of  the  Bank  Charte 
Act  of  1844.  W.  B.  H. 

52ND  REGIMENT  OF  FOOT  (12  S.  viii.  191) 
•  —  It  appears  from  Capt.  Moorsom's  History 
of  the  52nd  that  they  returned  home  frorr 
America  at  the  end  of  1778.  In  1779  they 
were  stationed  in  **  South  Britain,"  in  1780 
they  were  encamped  at  Dartford,  and  in 

1781  they    were    encamped    at    Bye. 

1782  they  went  to  India. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

In  reply  to  E.  G.  T-'s  query  in  your  issue 
•of  the  5th,  the  52nd  was  not  quartered  in 
Surrey  in  1781-82.  In  1781  the  52nd  were 
in  Kent,  at  Dartford,  Rye,  and  camps  in 
neighbourhood.  In  17  82  at  Chatham.  During 
these-  years  they  had  Recruiting  parties  out 
;all  over  England,  and  possibly  in  Surrey. 
In  "February,  1783,  the  regiment  went  to 


ilndia. 


E.  T.  C.  B. 


PAUL  MARNY  (12  S.  viii.  88,  136).— His 
^designs  at  the  Sevres  China  works  were 
much  appreciated  by  the  Emperor  Napo- 
leon III.,  who  selected  him  to  undertake  sets 
for  presentation  to  the  Emperor  of  Russia, 
Emperor  of  Brazil,  and  the  King  of  Prussia 
'(first  German  Emperor  of  the  Hohenzollern 
family).  This  was,  of  course,  before  the 
Franco -German  war.  Marny's  Sevres  sets 
still  fetch  good  prices  at  Paris  auction-rooms, 
=  and  specimens  of  his  skill  in  that  branch  of  art 
are  to  be  found  in  many  country  mansions  in 
France.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

CULBIN    SANDS    (12   S.    viii.    190). — This 
tract,  extending  to  nearly   10,000  acres,  is 
reputed  to  have  Ireen  once  the  very  garden 
of    Moray,    and,    according   to    Boece,    was 
buried  in  sand  so  long  ago   as  A.D.    1100. 
Part  of  it,  however,  -consisting  of  the  barony 
•of  Culbin,  continued  in  cultivation  until  it 
'also     was     overwhelmed    in     1670-95.     An 
;  account  of  this  calamity  is  given  in  Cham- 
bers' s  '  Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland,'  vol..  iii 
pp.  119,  120.     In  1875  Mr.  Hercules  Linton 
Dundee    visited   the   place    in   order   to 
/examine    some    shell    mounds    or    kitchen 
middens,  and  discovered  the  first  relics  of 
'human  occupation  in  the  shape  of  manu- 
factured articles  of  bone,  flint,  bronze,  iron, 
«&c.    -A;paper  which  he  read  on  the  subject 


is  printed  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  vol.  xii.  pp.  543— 
546.  A  paper  by  Mr.  Allan  Mathewson 
upon  the  age  of  the  settlements  on  Culbin  will 
be  found  in  vol.  xiii.  pp.  302-305,  and 


pp. 

numerous  other  papers  dealing  with  the  vast 
number  of  artifacts  subsequently  exhumed 
from  these  sandhills  have  been  published 
in  the  later  volumes  of  the  Proceedings 
of  the  said  Society.  HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Monreith. 

The  old  barony  of  Culbin  has  been  entirely 
obliterated  owing  to  the  sands  of  the  shore 
having  overwhelmed  this  once  fertile  tract 
of  land.  "I  have  wandered  for  hours," 
says  Hugh  Miller  in  his  '  Sketch  Book  of 
Popular  Geology,'  1869,  p.  13, 
"  amid  the  sand-  wastes  of  this  ruined  barony, 
and  seen  only  a  few  stunted  bushes  of  broom, 
and  a  few  scattered  tufts  of  withered  bent, 
occupying,  amid  utter  barrenness,  the  place  of 
what,  in  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
had  been  the  richest  fields  of  the  rich  province 
of  Moray  ;  and,  where  the  winds  had  hollowed 
out  the  sand,  I  have  detected,  uncovered  for  a 
few  yards  breadth,  portions  of  the  buried  furrows 
sorely  dried  into  the  consistence  of  sun-burned 
Drick." 

An  account  of  Alexander  Kinnaird's 
petition  to  Parliament  for  exemption  from 
;he  payment  of  Cess  for  his  lands,  two- 

irds  of  which  were  then  covered  with  sand, 
will  be  found  in  Chambers'  s  '  Domestic 
Aimals  of  Scotland,'  vol.  iii.  p.  119. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

ARMY  BADGES  (12  S.  viii.  170).  —  I  have 
abstracted  the  following  information  from 
various  sources,  and  trust  that  it  will  be 
ome  little  service  to  your  correspondent. 

Chevrons    for    N.C.O.'s    were    first    intro- 

duced  by  G.  O.  of   July,  1802.     Stars   and 

crowns  for  commissioned  officers  have  been 

in  general  use  since  1855,  when  epaulettes 

were    abolished    in    the    army.     Previously 

ranks    were    indicated    as    follows  :     Field 

officer,  two  epaulettes  ;  captain,  one  epaulette 

(right    shoulder)  ;    subaltern,    one    epaulette 

(left   shoulder).     In   addition  the   following 

badges  were  worn  on  each  shoulder  strap  : 

colonel,  crown  and  star  ;  lieutenant-colonel, 

crown  ;  major,  star  (by  G.  O.  of  Dec.  24,  1811). 

A  chevron  is  one  of  the  heraldic  devices 

called  "  Ordinaries,"  and  its  military  use  is 

derived  from  heraldry.     Probably  the  chev- 

rons of  the   City  Marshal   are  taken  from 

some  heraldic  device. 

The  star  worn  in  the  army  as  a  badge  of 
rank  resembles  the  star  of  the  military  Order 
of  the  Bath,  which  has  three  golden  crowns 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  S.VIJI.MABCH  10,  1921. 


representing    England,    Scotland,    and    Ire- 
land, and  the  motto  "  Tria  juncta  in  uno." 

Grose's  'Military  Antiquities,'  vol.  i., 
page  210,  has  the  following  : — 

"  The  Serjeant  Major-General,  sometimes  de- 
nominated Serjeant  Major  of  the  camp  or  field, 
was  what  is  now  called  Major- General,  as  Ser- 
jeant Major  of  a  regiment  formerly  signified  the 
officer  now  stiled  Major." 

A  study  of  Grose's  'Military  Antiquities' 
would  probably  provide  much  valuable 
additional  information. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

HOE  CAKE  (see  under  "  Poor  Uncle  Ned," 
ante  p.  94). — MR.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT  asks 
at  the  above  reference  "  What  sort  of  bread 
or  cake  is  or  was  hoe  cake  ?  "  The  receipt 
for  hoe-cake  is  found  in  most  American 
cook-books.  Mr.  Rover,  one  of  the  more 
prominent  authors  on  the  subject,  gives  the 
following  rule  :— 

HOE  CAKE. 

Four  cups  white  corn  meal  (American  "  Indian 
Corn  "),  one  teaspoon  salt ;  boiling  water. 

"  Mix  salt  and  meal,  add  boiling  water  to 
make  a  stiff  batter.  Moisten  hands  in  cold  water. 
Take  a  tablespoon  of  batter  in  your  hand  and 
press  it  into  a  thin  round  cake.  If  you  have  an 
open  fire,  have  before  it  an  oak  plank,  well 
heated.  Place  cake  on  the  board  in  front  of  the 
fire.  Bake  on  one  side  and  turn  and  bake  on  the 
other  until  thoroughly  done,  about  three-quarters 
of  an  hour.  These  can  also  be  baked  on  a  griddle 
on  top  of  the  fire.  When  done  pull  apart,  butter 
and  send  to  the  table  hot." 

Hoe  cake  is  a  common  substitute .  for 
bread  throughout  the  Southern  States, 
especially  among  the  Negroes. 

Its  name  is  derived  from  the  fact  that  it 
was  originally  baked  on  a  hoe  instead  of  a 
plank  or  a  griddle.  CHARLES  M.  JERVIS. 

BENJAMIN  CHOYCE  SOWDON  (12  S. 
viii.  168). — The  personal  name  Sowdoii  or 
Sowton  may  be  traced  in  various  parts  of 
Devon,  such  as,  Broadclyst,  Devonport, 
Exeter,  Ilsington,  Marldon  and  Whitstone 
(near  Exeter).  It  is  believed  to  be  derived 
from  the  place-name  Sowton,  a  parish  near 
Exeter.  After  B.  C.  Sowdon's  time  his 
College  (Emmanuel)  became  patrons  of  the 
living  of  Whitstone,  and  there  is  in  the 
college  library  a  book  containing  MS. 
Records  of  the  parish,  including  a  pedigree 
of  the  Sowdon  family,  a  person  of  that  name 
having  been  a  public  benefactor.  It  would 
be  interesting  to  know  whether  this  pedigree 
throws  any  light  on  the  parentage  of  B.  C. 
Sowdon,  who  may  have  been  of  the  Devon 
family  although  his  father  was  residing  at 
Hotter  dam  in  1773.  M. 


TAVERN  SIGNS  (12  S.  viii.  170). — May 
I  suggest  a  few  possible  solutions  of  these- 
signs. 

Old  Blade  Bone. — I  was  once  told  a  wild 
story  of  a  man  who  was  murdered,  and  his 
skeleton  buried  in  this  neighbourhood.  All 
that  was  found  was  his  shoulder  blade,  and 
this  led  to  the  discovery  of  the  crime,  and 
the  adoption  of  the  sign.  No  dates  or 
details  were  available  and  it  seems  more* 
probable  that  it  was  a  sign  connected  with 
the  butcher's  trade,  either  the  original  land- 
lord or  his  customers  being  connected  with  it.. 

Sun  in  the  Sands. — Is  not  this  a  variant 
of  the  setting  or  rising  sun  painted  by  the' 
original  sign-painter  over  a  seascape,  and' 
afterwards  adopted  to  distinguish  the  house- 
from  the  many  other  Suns  ? 

Flying  Scud. — -A  vessel  famous  for  fast 
sailing  with  small  sail  area  in  front  of  a  gale. 
Perhaps  adopted  from  some  temporarily 
famous  sailing  yacht  or  privateer. 

Rose  of  Denmark. — Probably  adopted  on. 
the  marriage  of  Prince  George  of  Denmark: 
to  Queen  Anne,  or  of  Queen  Alexandra  to; 
the  Prince  of  Wales. 

British  Queen. — Refers  I  think  to  the 
famous  British  Queen  strawberries,  grown  by 
Myatt  the  nursery  man  in  Camberwell  early 
in  the  nineteenth  century  and  famous  all! 
over  London.  They  had  no  local  con- 
nexion with  Old  Street,  but  public-house 
signs  have  sometimes  an  association  with, 
some  local  incident  or  celebrity  or  industry 
and  sometimes  have  a  metropolitan  or  a 
national  origin. 

These  guesses  may  perhaps  inspire  other 
readers  with  better  solutions. 

R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

Clapham. 

IRISH  FAMILY  HISTORIES  (US.  vii.,  viii;,. 
ix  ;  12  S.  i.  446). — Colclough  :  Pedigree  and 
history  of  the  C.  family  of  Staffordshire  and 
Wexford,  by  Beauchamp  H.  D.  Colclough, 
MS.  fol.,  1879,  in  library  of  Royal  Dublin 
Society. 

Fitzgerald  :  Pedigree,  seventeenth  century 
Sloane  MS.,  1429  f.  98b. 

Gillman  :  Searches  into  the  history  of  th© 
G.  family 4°,  1895. 

Tracy  :  Notes  on,  sixteenth  century  Sloan© 
MS.,  1301  f.  235  b.y,,, 

^   J.  ARDAGH. 

HERALDIC  ARMS  WANTED  (12  S.  viii, 
152). — The  arms,  paly  of  six,  az.  and  ar.  on 
a  bend  gu.  three  cinquefoils  or,  are  ascribed!, 
by  Berry  to  Stradlyng.  FRED  R.  GALEO. 


i<2  s.  TIII. 


19,  mi.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


237 


CURTIS:     LATHBOP:    WILLOUGHBY  (12   S. 

•vlii.   132). — In  1802  Ann  Lathrop  of  \Vest- 

;:niinster,  wa>^  in  Her  Majesty's  employ.    Her 

husband's  family  owned  F  el  to  a  Hail,  near 

Shrewsbury.     There  is  some  account  of  the 

family  in    'A  History   of    the    Families    of 

Skeet,  Somer scales,  Widdrington  and  others.' 

Perhaps   your  correspondent  would  like  to 

write  to  me  direct,  when  I  could  give  him 

still  further  particulars.     FRANCIS  SKEET. 

Syon  House,  Angmering. 

(ROBERT)  GASCOIGNE  AND  WALTHAM- 
STOW  (12  S.  viii.  130). — Gascoigne  the  poet, 
the  subject  of  this  inquiry,  was  named 
George,  and  not  Robert,  and  the  inquirer 
is  further  in  error  in  referring  to  him  as 
"  this  forgotten  soldier  and  poet  "  ;  for  in 
the  parish  in  which  he  made  his  home  his 
name  is  still  held  in  remembrance,  and  he  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  famous  gallery  of 
Walthamstow  worthies.  Information  con- 
cerning his  work,  with  some  details  of  his 
Jife,  is,  or  was,  communicated  to  the 
children  in  the  elementary  schools,  and 
although  his  poems  are  probably  but  little 
read  in  the  neighbourhood  in  which  they 
were  written  yet  I  venture  to  assert  his 
•name  is  more  widely  known  in  Walthamstow 
than  it  is  outside. 

The  exact  place  of  his   "  poore  house  at 
Walthamstow  in  the  Forest  "   is  unknown, 
but    it    is    believed   to    have    been   in   that 
portion  of  the  parish  known  as  Hale  End. 
STEPHEN  J.  BARNS. 

Frating,  Woodside  Road,  Woodford  Wells. 

COWPER  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAME  (12  S. 
viii.  110,  179). — I  am  acquainted  with  a 
•family  descended  from  connexions  of  the 
poet's  family  ;  the  son's  Christian  name  is 
spelt  Cowper,  and  I  am  informed  that  the 
traditional  pronunciation  has  always  been 
something  between  Cowper  and  Cooper,  but 
much  nearer  the  latter,  the  first  syllable  being 
;ided  in  a  way  almost  impossible  to 
spell,  like  "  cup  "  pronounced  somewhat 
'broadly,  not  quite  so  long  as  in  "  trooper." 
RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 

Dryersley,  Link's  Gate,  St.  Anne's-on-the-Sea. 

BOTTLE-SLIDERS  :  COASTERS  (12  S.  vii., 
471,  516;  viii.  37,  53,  96).— Some  thirty  or 
forty  years  ago  I  dined  at  Corpus  Christi 
"College  Cambridge,  and  after  the  dinner 
retired  to  an  adjoining  room  where  from 
end  to  end  of  a  long  table  facing  the  fire 
•was  a  miniature  railway  the  decanters 
being  dragged  along  it  from  one  end  to  the 
other  as  necessity  arose.  R.  B — R. 


SIB  ROBERT  BELL  OF  BEAUPR&  (12  S. 
vi.  39  ;  vii.  178,  414,  475  ;  viii.  175).— Capt. 
WILBERFORCE  BELL  may  say,  if  he  wishes, 
that  the  College  of  Arms  Robert  Bell  was 
not  the  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  but 
he  cannot  suggest  that  a  man  admitted  to  the 
Inner  Temple  in  1571  could  be  described  as 
being  "of  the  Temple"  in  1560.  It  is 
difficult  to  be  at  all  sure,  but  I  think  that  it 
would  be  possible  at  that  period  for  a  man 
to  be  "  of  the  Temple,"  and  yet  not  a 
Member  of  either  Inn  and  it  is  even  more 
likely  that  he  may  have  been  admitted  to  the 
Middle  Temple  during  the  period  for  which 
the  records  are  missing — 1524  to  1551. 

C.  E.  A.  BEDWELL. 

Middle  Temple  Library,  London,  E.C. 

PHAESTOS  DISK  (12  S.  viii.  151). — Un- 
fortunately the  inscription  on  this  seems  to 
be  capable  of  more  than  one  explanation  ; 
see  the  two  entirely  different  translations 
quoted  by  the  Rev.  James  Baikie  in  '  The 
Sea-Kings  of  Crete,'  2nd  edn.,  p.  264 
(A,  &  C.  Black,  1913).  On  these  he  remarks 
that 

"  Professor  Hempl  maintains  that  the  disk  is 
the  record  of  a  dedication  of  oxen  at  a  shrine 
in  Phaestos,  in  atonement  of  a  robbery  perpe- 
trated by  Cretan  sea-rovers  on  some  shrine  of  the 
great  goddess  in  Asia  Minor.  Miss  Stawell,  on 
the  other  hand,  believes  that  the  disk  is  the 
matrix  for  casting  a  pair  of  cymbals,  and  that  the 
inscription  is  the  invocation  which  the  wor- 
shippers had  to  chant  to  the  goddess." 

But  perhaps  the  puzzle  has  been  solved 
since  the  above  appeared.  The  disk  is 
described  on  p.  121  of  Mr.  Baikie1  s  book. 

G.  H.  WHITE. 

23  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

GEORGE  FRANK  OF  FRANKENAU  (12  S. 
viii.  189). — Georg  Frank  von  Frankenau 
(1643-1704)  was  a  distinguished  German 
physician.  He  was  born  at  Naumburg  and 
studied  at  Jena  and  Strassburg.  In  1671 
he  became  Professor  of  Medicine  at  Heidel- 
berg and  physician  to  the  Elector  Karl 
Ludwig.  He  was  afterwards  at  Frankfurt, 
and  then  went  to  Wittenberg  on  the  in- 
vitation of  Johann  Georg  III.,  Elector  of 
Saxony.  Finally  he  settled  in  Denmark, 
where  he  was  physician  to  the  King  and 
Queen.  His  son  Georg  Friedrich  was 
Professor  of  Medicine  at  Copenhagen.  The 
elder  Frank  von  Frankenau  was  the  author 
of  numerous  medical  works,  among  them' 
a  treatise  '  De  Morbo  Q.  Ennii  poetae,' 
which  reminds  one  of  the  paper  in  which 
Mr.  D'Arcy  Power  discussed  Samuel  Pepys's 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vin.  MARCH  19, 1021;. 


eye -trouble  and  shewed  that  he  suffered 
from  "  hypermetropia  with  some  degree  of 
astigmatism." 

In  1679  Georg  Frank  edited  the  '  De 
Medicina  Magnetica '  of  William  Maxwell, 
whom  Morhof  calls  a  Scotch  writer.  He  is 
not  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

In  an  undated  German  catalogue  of 
books  on  the  History  of  Medicine  that  came 
to  me  ten  years  and  more  ago  I  find  one  of 
the  items  to  be  a  large  folio  portrait  of  Gebrg 
Frank  von  Frankenau  engraved  by  Johann 
Ulrich  Kraus.  It  is  described  as  "  schon" 
and  "  selten"  There  are  also  smaller  en- 
gravings by  Montalegre,  Sysang,  and  Berning- 
roth.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

A  PROVERB  ABOUT  EATING  CHERRIES 
(12  S.  viii.  190). — I  am  not  the  happy 
possessor  of  an  original  '  Ray,'  but  I  have 
Bonn's  'Handbook  of  Proverbs'  which 
professes  to  embody  it.  This  cries  out  for  an 
index  of,  at  least,  the  nouns  embedded  in 
the  wise-sayings,  and  I  have  not  been  able 
to  discover  the  dicton  quoted  by  Mr.  Wright. 
I  have,  however,  found  (p.  347)  "  Eat  peas 
with  the  king  and  cherries  with  the  beggar  " 
which  is  delightfully  cryptic  and  may  be 
interesting  and  suggestive  to  your  corre- 
spondent. 

Le  Roue  de  Lancy  (vol.  ii.  p.  193)  gives  a 
sixteenth  century  monition  : — 

C'est  folie  de   manger  cerises  avec  seigneurs 

Car  ils  prennent  toujour  les  plus  meures. 
That  is  common-sense  and  greedy. 

I  wonder  whether  some  archaic  code  of 
manners  allowed  great  men  to  shy  their 
cherry-stones  at  inferior  regalers.  Books  of 
table  etiquette  published  a  few  centuries 
back  gave  very  special  attention  to  dealings 
with  fruit-stones.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

FOUNDLINGS  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CEN- 
TURY (12  S.  viii.  191). — Partly  in  consequence 
of  a  Parliamentary  grant  of  10,OOOZ.  in 
1755  or  6  to  the  Foundling  Hospital,  an  over- 
whelming number  of  infants  were  sent  up 
from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  the 
carriers  made  a  fine  harvest.  Many  grue- 
some stories  are  told  of  the  way  in  which  the 
unfortunate  children  met  with  their  death 
on  the  road. 

Four  years  later  the  government  withdrew 
the  grant  and  the  "  massacre  of  the  inno- 
cents "  ceased. 

In  the  registers  of  Egham,  Surrey,  there 
are  entries  of  a  like  nature,  but  of  earlier 
date,  namely  1745-6-7. 

FREDERIC  TURNER. 


"  COLLY  MY   Cow"    (12   S.   viii.    190).— 
According  to  the  '  New  English  Dictionary  ' 
colly,  a  Norse  word,  is  a  term  of  endearment 
for   a   cow.     It    is   recorded   in   Arthur   B.. 
Evans's  'Leicestershire  Words,  Phrases  and 
Proverbs'    (English  Dialect   Society,    1881),, 
and  the  only  other  quotation  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 
is    from    Tom    D'Urfey's    'Pills    to    Purge 
Melancholy'    (1719):    "Sawney   shall   ne'er .- 
be  my  Colly,  my  Cow." 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 
Birmingham  University. 

The  song  of  '  Colly  my  Cow  '  will  be  found1 
in  Halliwell-Phillips's   'Nursery  Rhymes  of 
England'    (London,    1886),    p.    86.     It    has 
twelve    verses,    and   if    your    correspondent 
communicates  with  me  I  will  send  him  a 
transcript.     It  recounts  the  sale  of  a  cow 
and  the  various  prices  offered  by  tradesmen, . 
and    deplores    the    loss    to    the    owner.     A 
different    version    from    that    of    Halliwell-- 
Phillips,    commencing    "  My   Billy   Aroms," 
is  current  in  the  nurseries  of  Cornwall.     Two 
verses  by  way  of  introduction  and  a  final' 
verse   are   added   to   the   version   given   in 
Evans's     'Old    Ballads'     (London,.    1810), 
vol.  i.  p.  268.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKLE. 

EDWARD  SNAPE  (12  S.  viii.  169). — This 
engraving  of  Edward  Snape,  who  was 
Sergeant  farrier  to  the  King,  forms  the 
frontispiece  to  his  '  Treatise  on  Farriery,', 
published  in  179 L-  G.  F.  R.  B. 

TURNER  FAMILY  (12  S.  v.  94,  249). — In 
regard  to  my  queries  at  the  above  references,.. 
I  find  that  the  Emanuel  Turner,  assistant- 
comptroller,  cashier,  and  committee  clerk, 
to  the  Manchester  Corporation  from  1842 
to  1859,  to  whom  I  referred,  was  a  son  of 
William  Turner  (born  1782)  by  his  wife 
Ellen  Wilson.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1865,  and 
was  buried  in  Wilmslow  Parish  churchyard, 
having  had  issue,  in  addition  to  Emanuel,. 
sons — Solomon  Samuel,  John  (died  at 
Brooklyn  House,  Ruabon,  Jan.  20,  1893,. 
aged  82  years,  and  buried  at  Overton,. 
Ellesmere,  Salop),  William,  James,  and 
Oswald  (buried  at  Wilmslow,  1905);  and 
daughters — Elizabeth,  Jane  and  Ellen. 

The  first -named  William  Turner  was 
related  to  William  Turner  (born  1777,  died 
at  Mill  Hill,  near  Blackburn,  July  17,  1842) 
of  Shrigley  Park,  co.  Chester,  and  M.P.  for 
Blackburn,  who  married  his  cousin,  Jane 
(born  1772),  daughter  of  William  Turner,  of 
Martholme,  by  his  wife  Jane  Mitchell. 

I  am  anxious  to  trace  the  exact  con- 
nexion between  William  Turner  and  the- 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  19,  1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


239^ 


M.P.'s  family,  and  should  be  glad  if  any 
correspondent  could  help  me.  Search  has 
been  made  in  London  without  success. 
Perhaps  some  Cheshire  genealogist  could 
supply  the  information  required. 

JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 
39  Carlisle  Eoad,  Hove,  Sussex. 

A  COACHMAN'S  EPITAPH  (12  S.  viii.  148, 
196).— On  p.  267  of  her  '  Friends  round  the 
Wrekin,'  Lady  C.  Milnes  Gaskell  records  an 
epitaph  in  somewhat  similar  style  on  a 
tombstone  in  Ludlow  churchyard  to  one 
John  Abingdon,  who  drove  the  Lucllow 
coach.  The  inscription  runs  thus  : — 

His  labour  done,  no  more  to  town 

His  onward  course  he  bends, 

His  team's  unshut,  his  whips  laid  up, 

And  here  his  journey  ends. 

Death  locked  his  wheels  and  gave  him  rest, 

And  never  more  to  move, 

Till  Christ  shall  call  him  with  the  blest 

To  heavenly  realms  above. 

ERNEST  H.  H.  SHORTING. 
Broseley,  Shropshire. 

YEW-TREES  IN  CHURCHYARDS  (12  S. 
viii.  1»5). — For  the  last  service  of  the  bow 
in  war — at  Leipsic  in  1813 — see  10  S. 
i.  225.  R  B. 

Upton. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 

(12  S.  viii.  192.) 
2  .\  The  lines 

In  the  golden  glade  the  chestnuts  are  fallen  all,  &c. 
are  from  the  Poet  Laureate's  '  North  Wind  in 
October'  ('  Shorter  Poems,'  v.  16).  C.  C.  B. 


0n 

The  Life,  Correspondence  and  Collections  of  Thomas 
Howard,  Earl  of  Arundel.  By  Mary  F.  S.  HerveV. 
(Cambridge  University  Press,  31.  3s.  net.) 
A  GREAT  gentleman— if  he  is  not  at  the  same 
time  a  political  or  military  leader,  or  a  great 
genius— offers  both  a  very  attractive  and  a  very 
difficult  subject  for  biography.  He  affects  his 
contemporaries  not  in  their  fortunes  or  their 
necessary  external  affairs,  but  in  their  outlook— 
111  their  estimate  of  themselves  and  of  other  men, 
and  in  their  view  of  what  are  the  summits  of  life, 
its  most  impressive  occasions,  its  most  desirable 
enjoyments,  and  the  suitable  behaviour  of  a 
person  therein.  All  this— than  which  nothing  in 
life  while  we  live  it. is  more  real— vanishes  away 
it  drops  into  the  past.  One  may  describe  a 
peat  gentleman  by  his  qualities — stateliness,  say, 
honesty,  courage  and  kindness — but  his  peculiar 
effect  upon  the  world  around  him  was  too  inti- 
mate to  be  caught  in  history  ;  and  so  we  are  left 

ilmost  without  the  means  of  making  his  portrait 
live.     He  is  apt  to  appear  too  solemn,  too  mag- 

ufacent,  too  important  a  figure  for  the  part  he 
played  or  the  tasks  he  achieved,  and  while  no  one 


in  the  present' is  more  secure  of  his  dignity  than,-- 
he,  no  one,  when  he  once  belongs  to  the  past, 
demands  greater  skill  from  his  biographer,  lest  he- 
should  be  forced  over  the  perilous  line  between^ 
the  sublime  and  the  ridiculous. 

This  life  of  that  Earl  of  Arundel  who  was  a- 
close  friend  of  the  two  first  Stuarts,  escapes  the  • 
peril  partly  through  the  Earl's  rather  numerous 
misfortunes  and  partly  through  the  tact  and 
thoroughness  of  the  writer.  Miss  Hervey,  whose 
services  to  the  history  of  art  it  would  be  super- 
fluous to  recount,  died  a  year  ago,  just  as  the 
first  proofs  of  this  book  were  coining  to  her  hands. 
It  is  the  fruit  of  nine  years  of  study,  and  of  diligent 
research  among  sources,  as  well  as  of  long  labour  • 
in  writing  pursued,  towards  the  end,  in  the  teeth 
of  illness  and  suffering.  Although  she  has  not 
been  able  altogether  to  overcome  the  difficulty 
mentioned  above,  or  to  give  to  her  portrait  much 
of  the  force  of  life,  her  sympathy  and  knowledge 
are  so  penetrative  and  so  evident  to  the  reader 
that  she  has  done  more  even  in  this  respect  for 
the  "  Father  of  Vertu  in  England "  than  te 
accomplished  in  most  easier  biographies. 

Arundel's  life — alike  in  prosperity  and  ad- 
versity— has  the  comeliness  of  a  work  of  art. 
"  Le  Cousin  Pons,"  and  the  lovers  of  "  vertu  " 
whom  he  represents,  amuse  one  with  the  incon- 
gruity between  themselves  and  the  objects  of 
their  love.  Incongruous  in  a  different  way  are 
such  lovers  of  art  as  abounded  among  the  princes 
of,  say,  Renaissance  Italy  where  men's  lives  were 
as  vicious  and  corrupt  as  their  outward  sur- 
roundings were  beautiful  and  finely  ordered. 
But  Arundel,  in  his  person,  in  his  character  and 
in  his  course  of  life  had  all  the  dignity,  grace  and  • 
severe  charm  of  artistic  work  belonging  to  the  • 
true,  central  tradition. 

He    was    the    grandson    of    Thomas    Howard, . 
fourth   Duke   of   Norfolk   who   was   executed   in  • 
1572  for  his  share  in  the  Ridolfi  plot,  and  son  of  ' 
t  hilip,  Earl  of  Arundel,  for  many  years  and  until  1 
his  death  a  prisoner  in  the  Tower  on  account  of  his 
adherence   to   the   Roman  Catholic   religion   and! 
supposed  sympathy  with  the  enemies  of  Eliza- 
beth.    Born   in    1585   his   youth   was   passed   in 
comparative  poverty  and  obscurity.     The  acces- 
sion of  James  I.  at  length    made  it  possible  for 
him  to  take  his  natural  place  at  Court. 

The   ducal   title   was   never   restored   to   him  ?, 
but  he  was  appointed  Earl  Marshal ;  he  and  his . 
family     occupied     their     hereditary    station    as. 
second  only  to  royalty,  and  he  played  his  proper  - 
part  in  the  ceremonial  life  of    the  Court,  in  the  - 
convoying    of    queens    and    princesses,    and    in 
acting  as  ambassador  extraordinary.     He  passes 
through    all    with    gravity    and    some    touch    of  " 
severity  ;  though  his  letters  to  his  family  reveal  i 
a  tender  heart  beneath  his  stem  exterior.     He 
acquits  himself  well ;  but  he  never  had  the  good,' 
fortune  of  such  an  opportunity  for  showing  quick 
wit   and    determination   as   was    granted    to   his; 
wife  in  the  Foscarini  affair  at  Venice.     Aletheia* 
Talbot  was  grand-daughter  of   "  Bess  of  Hard- 
wick,"  and  very  true  rang  the  metal  in  her  on 
that  occasion.     It  is  a  fine  story .J  •*>••. 

The  most  interesting  chapter,  so  far  as  the 
famous  collections  are  concerned,  is  that  on  the 
research  in  the  Levant.  Arundel  had  engaged 
the  Rev.  William  Petty  as  his  agent  and  the  man 
proved  the  most  energetic,  acute  and  successful 
of  searchers.  The  abortive  negotiations  for  the 


'240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. [12  S.VIIL  MARCH  19, 1921. 


sculptures  of  the  Golden  Gate  of  Constantinople, 
'for  which  Miss  Hervey  quotes  a  most  interesting 
letter  from  Sir  Thomas  Koe,  English  Ambassador 
at  the  Porte  to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  illus- 
trate the  eagerness  of  the  pursuit  of  antiquities 
on  the  part  of  collectors.  Arundel  seems  to 
have  infected  his  whole  family  with  his  ,  zeal. 
^The  arrival  of  his  marbles  from  the  East  created 
.a  pretty  scene  of  excitement  among  all  the 
dilettanti  of  England. 

The  artists  with  whom  he  came  into  contact 
^numbered  Inigo  Jones,  Rubens  and  Van  Dyck, 

•  and  the  sympathetic  treatment  of  himself  in  the 
portraits    by  the  two   latter    seems    in   itself    an 
acknowledgment  on  their   part  of    inner   kinship 
between  him  and  them.     He  was  indeed  the  very 
sublimation    of    the    temperament    and    intellect 

r  to  which  art  at  its  best  is  addressed. 

The  documents  from  which  the  life  is  com- 
piled are  quoted  from  in  great  but  judiciously 

•  calculated    abundance.     The    appendices    to    the 
book  are  important ;   they  include  the  Arundel 
Inventory     of     1655  ;     extracts     from     Vertue's 
1\1SS.     concerning     Holbein;     the     biography    of 
Thomas,    Earl    of    Arundel,    by     his    son     Lord 
Stafford,  and  the  Earl's  will. 

The  Teaching  of  English.     By  W.  S.  Tomkinson. 

(Clarendon  Press,  6s.  Qd.  net.) 

IN  the  Preface  supplied  to  this  book  by  Mr. 
Greening  Lamborn  there  occurs  a  suggestive 
•sentence  :  "  What  Greek  literature  did  for  a  few 
in  the  past,"  he  says,  "  English  literature  must 
•do  for  the  many  in  the  future."  There  is  no 
•development  of  educational  practice  and  theory 
which  we  welcome  with  so  much  hope — with  so 
deep  a  conviction  of  its  being  an  advance  in  the 
-one  right  direction — as  the  fresh  insistence  on 
the  importance  of  Literature.  It  is  a  cause  that 
-still  needs  stalwarts. 

On  the  one  hand,  in  the  domain  of  work, 
science  confronts  literature  with  formidable 
demands  on  the  scholars'  time,  and  with  the 
•claim  that  it  gives  him  the  main  part  of  his 
•equipment  for  life.  On  the  other,  in  the  domain 
•of  recreation  the  cinematograph  and  the  over- 
illustrated  magazine  tend  directly  towards 
weakening  th«  special  tastes  and  faculties  upon 
-which  the  enjoyment  of  literature  depends.  And 
literature  not  loved  is  not  operative. 

Mr.  Tomkinson's  book  displays  most  of  the 
•qualities  to  which  we  must  look  for  eventual 
success.  It  has  enthusiasm,  ingenuity  and 
insight  as  well  as  considerable  discrimination 
and  the  confidence  which  actual  experience  alone 
supplies.  It  should  inspire  teachers  :  and  also 
:guide  them.  One  or  two  features  we  should 
criticize.  First,  the  whole  plan  seems  to  us 
•calculated  too  exclusively  for  clever  children, 
and  also  for  teachers  of  unusual  sympathy,  for 
these  alone  will  be  able  to  modify  these  counsels 
so  as  to  reach  the  dull  scholar.  Secondly,  even 
for  the  clever  we  find  some  suggestions  (such  as 
those  on  p.  215  and,  generally,  much  of  the 
chapter  on  *  Appreciation  ')  somewhat  too  diffi- 
cult ;  and  technique  seems  to  us  throughout 
slightly  over-emphasized.  In  fact  there  is  a 
tendency  to  treat  the  whole  subject  from  a 
standpoint  more  suitable  for  students  at  a 
^Training  College  than  for  the  average  school- 
.  child.  Prose  construction  and  sequence  of  ideas — 


though  not  absent — hardly  receive  their  due,  and 
the  excessive  attention  to  isolated  words  and 
minor  ornament  sometimes  betrays  the  writer 
into  triviality. 

We  are  given  some  good  pages  on  verse- writing 
as  an  exercise  for  children  :  but  perhaps  the  best 
part  of  the  book  is  that  devoted  to  oral  expression, 
and  different  speech  exercises. 

Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Domestic' 
Henry  VIII.  Vol.  I.,  Pts.  1,  2,  3.  Catalogued 
by  J.  S.  Brewer.  Second  Edition,  Revised 
and  greatly  enlarged  by  R.  H.  Brodie.  (H.M. 
Stationery  Office.) 

THE  re -issue  of  this  great  collection  of  documents 
calls  for  the  attention  and  the  gratitude  of 
students  of  the  sixteenth  century.  The  volume 
before  us  begins  with  the  will  of  Henry  VII.  and 
carries  us  to  the  end  of  1514  when,  in  pursuance 
of  the  policy  initiated  by  Wolsey,  the  war  with 
France  had  been  followed  by  a  French  alliance, 
and  by  the  marriage  of  the  King's  sister  to 
Louis  XII.  of  France.  The  importance  of  these 
documents  for  the  history  both  of  international 
and  domestic  politics,  need  not  be  laboured  : 
their  interest  as  a  record  of  personalities  and 
manners,  and  as  the  depository  of  curious  inci- 
dents, is  inexhaustible.  Moreover,  with  the 
sixteenth  century  we  have  the  Records  at  their 
best  from  the  student's  point  of  view,  in  the 
sense  that  they  are  sufficiently  abundant  to 
enable  one  clearly  to  follow  the  development  of 
causes  and  enterprises,  and  the  sequence  of 
events,  and  as  yet  are  not  so  complicated  and 
unwieldy  as  to  force  one  upon  narrow  specializa- 
tion. 

Mr.  Brodie  furnishes  a  Preface  devoted  partly 
to  explaining  the  improvements  made  in  this 
second  edition,  partly  to  a  sketch  of  the  career  of 
Wolsey,  whom  he  relegates  to  his  legendary  origin 
of  a  butcher's  son.  The  evidence  seems  to  make 
this  probable,  there  being  no  reason  why  a  man 
of  this  trade  should  not  be  fairly  well-to-do. 

Mr.  Brewer's  original  preface  is  re-printed  in 
Part  3.  It  remains  a  very  sound  and  useful  piece 
of  work.  A  discussion  of  this  collection  is  hardly 
possible — nor  is  it  needed.  We  have  but  to  con- 
gratulate anew  all  who  are  concerned  in  the 
important  national  work  of  making  the  Records 
public. 


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12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


241 


LONDON,  MARCH  26,  1921.' 


CONTENTS.-No.   154. 

tNOTES  :—  Among  the  Shakespeare  Archives  :  The  Birth  of 
William  Shakespeare,  241-Robert  Whatley,  242— The 
Beginning  of  Esthetic  Criticism  in  Italy  :  Sforza  Pallavi 
cino  (1607-16*7),  244— A  Norfolk  Churchwarden's  Charities 
in  1716—  \  Bronte  Poem— The  Qualities  of  Female  Keauty, 
247— Medical  Value  of  Nail-cutting— Vicissitudes  of  Books 
—Henry  Molle,  248. 

QUERIES:— Bamfylde  Moore  Carew,  248— Maria  Dickson=: 
Dr.  Dominick  Lym-h-  Jenkinson  and  Duck  Families— 
Hercules  Underhill— Double  Firsts  at  Oxford— Shering- 
ton  :  Old  Church  Registers— Rose-Coloured  Vestments  on 
Mothering ISunday  —Variations  in  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  249 — "  A. 
Liverpool  Gentleman  and  a  Manchester  Man  "—The 
Lord's  Prayer  in  the  Gipsy  or  Romany  Language— Old 
Song  Wanted— The  Roman  Numeral  Alphabet— Leg  of 
Mutton  Clubs — Thomas  Fuller  of  Amsterdam — Tavern 
Sign  :  C*stle  and  Wheelbarrow— James  Peake,  Words- 
worth^  Schoolmaster — William  Toone.  250 — Repositories 
of  Wills — Pastorini's  Prophecy — Influence  of  Climate — 
'Gentleman's  Magazine  Library,  1731-1868 '—Defoe  and 
Africa  —  The  Gal'ic  Era  "  Eiehty-eigbt" —  Asmodeus  — 
Capt.  Charles  Morris— ^ir  Thomas  Greene— Monthly 
Periodical,  '  Penny  Post,'  251. 

^REPLIES: — Tercentenary  Handlist  of  Newspapers,  262 — 
Nuns  and  Dancing — Crucifixion  in  Art :  the  Sp^ar  Wound 
— Sir  John  Wood,  Treasurer — Book  Borrowers,  253— 
1  Hinchbridge Haunted '— Plees Family— Cohbold  Family, 
254— Col.  Owen  Rowe— "  Death  as  Friend  "—The  Coffin- 
Mouse,  255 — Giuseppe  Parini — Domestic  History  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century— Byerby  of  Midridge  Grange,  Dur- 
ha™,  256 — Maughfling  Family — Inscription  on  Claret  Jug 
—  Meridians  of  London  and  of  Greenwich— Richard  III. 
— ''Colly  my  Cow" — Oast  on  de  Foix,  257 — Thackeray 
Query— "The  Empire"— Bible  of  James  I —Old  Silver 
Charm— Sentry  at  Pompeii,  258  — O'Flaherty  Family: 
Kings  of  Comiaught— "  A  Hogarth  Miniature  Frame  "- 
Author  Wanted,  259. 

'.NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—' Stories  and  Ballads  of  the  Far 
East'— '  English  Place-Name  Study' — '  London  County 
Council  :  Indication  of  Houses  of  Historical  Interest  in 
London ' — '  Annals  of  Archseology  and  Anthropology  '— 
•  Handlist  ot  Indexes  to  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  Works  '— 
'  Durham  Univeisity  Journal." 

^Notices  to  Correspondents. 


AMONG  THE   SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  83,  124,  146,    181, 
223.) 

THE  BIRTH  OF  WILLIAM  SHAKESPEARE. 

The  natural  interpretation  of  the  words 
•on  the  Poet's  monument — Obiit  anno  Domini 
1616  aetatis  suae  53  die  23  Ap. — is  that 
lie  died  on  Apr.  23,  1616,  after  the  com- 
pletion of  his  52nd  year,  and  was  born, 
therefore,  before  Apr.  23,  1564.  He  was 
baptized  on  Wednesday,  Apr.  26,  1564,  as  we 
know  fromthe entry  in  Bretchgirdle's  register: 
"  1564  April  26  Gulielmus  filius  Johannes 
Shakspeare,"  and  there  is  little  doubt  that 
"his  birthday  was  Saturday,  the  22nd. 


Parents  are  admonished  in  the  Prayer 
Book  of  1559  : — 

"  that  they  defer  not  the  baptism  of  infants  any 
longer  than  the  Sunday  or  other  Holy  Day  next 
after  the  child  be  born  unless  upon  a  great  and 
reasonable  cause  declared  to  the  Curate  and  by 
him  approved," 
and  : — 

"that  it  is  most  convenient  that  baptism  should 
not  be  ministered  but  upon  Sundays  and  other 
Holy  Days  when  the  most  number  of  people  may 
com*  together,  as  well  for  that  the  congregation 
there  present  may  testify  the  receiving  of  them 
that  be  newly  baptised  into  the  number  of  Christ's 
Church  as  also  because  in  the  baptism  of  infants 
every  man  present  may  be  put  in  remembrance  of 
his  own  profession  made  to  God  in  his  baptism," 

Sunday  the  23rd  was  too  soon  to  take  the 
infant,  if  born  on  the  22rd,  from  Henley 
Street  to  the  parish  church  in  Old  Stratford, 
especially  if  the  father  and  mother  were 
cautious  after  the  death  of  baby  Margaret 
in  December,  1562.  The  next  Holy  Day 
was  Tuesday  the  25th,  St.  Mark's  Day'; 
but  this  was  one  of  the  unlucky  days  of  the 
Calendar  known  as  Black  Crosses,  when,  a 
few  years  previously,  crosses  and  altars  were 
draped  and  a  special  litany  was  said. 
Trouble  came,  it  was  believed,  to  all  who 
walked  in  the  churchyard  or  did  any 
manner  of  work.  A  quarter  of  a  century 
after  Shakespeare's  birth  the  superstition 
was  rife  in  Wales.  "In  1589,  I  being  as 
then  but  a  boy,"  says  William  Vaughan  in 
«  Golden  Grove  Moralised  '  (1600), 
"  do  remember  that  an  ale  wife  making  no  exception 
of  days  would  needs  brew  upon  St.  Mark's  Day  ; 
but,  lo,  the  marvellous  work  of  God  !  while  she 
was  thus  labouring  the  top  of  the  chimney  took  fire 
and  before  it  could  be  quenched  her  house  was 
quite  burned." 

Bretchgirdle  and  John  Shakespeare,  we 
presume,  would  not  object  to  the  day,  but 
it  does  not  follow  that  Mary  Shakespeare 
did  not.  Hence,  probably,  the  baptism  on 
the  26th,  though  it  was  not  a  Holy  Day. 
In  confirmation  of  the  22nd  as  the  Poet's 
birthday  is  the  circumstance  that  his  grand- 
daughter, Elizabeth  Hall,  ten  years  after 
his  death,  when  honour  was  being  paid  tc  his 
memory,  chose  Apr.  22  for  her  wedding-day. 

There  was  danger  of  an  unbaptized 
infant  being  carried  off  by  fairies  !  William 
Shakespeare  escaped  the  fate  which  nearly 
overtook  his  contemporary  and  neighbour, 
Robert  Willis,  at  Gloucester  : 

"  Within  few  days  after  my  birth,  says  Willis, 
•whilst  my  mother  lay  in.  I  was  taken  out  of  the 
bed  from  her  side,  and  by  my  sudden  and  fierce 
crying  recovered,  being  found  sticking  between  the 
bed's  head  and  the  wall,  and  if  I  had  not  cried  in 
that  manner  as  I  did  our  gossips  had  a  conceit  that 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MABCH  26, 1921. 


I  had  been  quite  carried  away  by  the  fairies,  they 
know  not  whither,  and  some  elf  or  '  changeling  '  as 
they  call  it,  laid  in  my  room." 

Standing  at  the  font  (which  still  exists) 
and  following  the  rubric  that  "the  priest 
shall  take  the  child  in  his  hands  and  ask  the 
name,  and  naming  the  child  shall  dip  it  in 
the  water,  so  it  be  discreetly  and  warily  done," 
Bret  engirdle  said,  "I  baptize  thee  in  the 
name  of  the  Father  and  of  the  Son  and  of 
the  Holy  Ghost.  Amen."  At  the  end  he 
uttered  the  exhortation  to  the  godparents 
to  call  upon  the  child  "to  hear  sermons," 
and  to  provide  that  it  "  may  learn  the  Creed, 
the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  the  Ten  Command- 
ments in  the  English  tongue,  and  all  other 
things  which  a  Christian  man  ought  to  know 
and  believe  to  his  soul's  health,"  and  dis- 
missed them,  telling  them  to  bring  him 
when  "further  instructed  in  the  Catechism 
set  forth  for  that  purpose,"  to  the  Bishop 
of  Worcester  to  be  confirmed. 

After  whom  was  the  child  named  William  ? 
We  need  not  look,  I  think,  far  for  the 
sponsor.  He  was  probably  John  Shake- 
speare's neighbour  in  Henley  Street,  William 
Smith  the  haberdasher.  The  two  men 
had  much  in  common,  besides  being  of 
about  the  same  age  and  living  within  a  few 
yards  of  each  other  for  half  a  century. 
They  began  business  about  the  same  time, 
were  engaged  in  occupations  which  at  more 
than  one  point  met ;  were  colleagues  on  the 
Borough  Council,  had  been  Constables 
together  and  were  now  fellow-Chamberlains  ; 
were  men  of  enterprise  and  ambition  and 
independence  of  judgment,  and  not  in- 
frequently opposed  to  the  powers  in  being, 
and  had  sons  who  became  well-to-do  and 
gentlemen.  In  support  cf  the  identification 
it  may  be  noted  that  whereas  John  Shake- 
speare's eldest  son  was  named  William, 
William  Smith's  eldest  son  was  named  John. 
EDGAB  I. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ROBERT  WHATLEY. 
(See  ante,  p.  221.) 

THUS  by  1728  matters  were  coming  to  a 
head.  Nearly  forty  years  of  age  and  still 
without  employ,  Whatley  had  expended 
his  own  fortune  ('Friendly  Admonition,' 
p.  79)  and  was  living  on  the  charity  of  his 
friends  (op.  cit..  p.  78,  cf.  p.  103,  'Three 
Letters,'  p.  57),  and  to  the  load  of  debt  was 


perhaps  added  the  financial  burden  of  a- 
wife  ('Friendly  Admonition,'  p.  3,  cf. 
pp.  123, 126).  With  King  his  relations  were 
cooling  ('Three  Letters,'  p.  23),  for  reasons- 
unknown,*  and  the  Chancellor's  decline  in 
mental  vigour  and  political  prestige  (Lord. 
Hervey,  'Memoirs,'  ed.  1848,  vol.  i.  pp.  280- 
282,  'Three  Letters,'  p.  13,  'Letters  and 
Applications,'  p.  vi)  boded  ill  for  the 
stranded  suitor.  These  circumstances  may 
have  contributed  to  bring  Whatley  to  the 
great  decision  of  taking  Holy  Orders  and 
finding  in  the  Church  some  compensation 
for  the  loss  that  he  had  sustained  in  seeking 
the  service  of  the  state,  f  That  this  step 
would  not  be  attributed  by  gossip  to  purely 
disinterested  motives  is  evident  from  the 
trouble  that  he  takes  to  refute  such  in- 
nuendoes in  his  'Friendly  Admonition' 
(cf.  infra),  perhaps  also  by  the  publication 
at  the  critical  moment  ('Friendly  Ad- 
monition,' pp.  141-142)  of  his  'Letter  to  a 
Bencher, 'J  and  eleven  years  afterwards  by 
the  third  of  his  'Three  Letters.'  He  was, 
moreover,  not  ignorant  of  the  fact  that 
King  had  declared  his  intention  of  presenting 
him- — in  this  event — to  a  living  worth  300?. 
per  annum  ('Judgment  Signed,'  pp.  19-20). 
In  fine,  he  was  ordained  some  time  between 
Oct.  31,  1728,  and  Feb.  15,  1729  ('Friendly 
Admonition,'  pp.  121,  122,  139,  'Impartial 
Review,'  p.  12) — probably  at  his  Advent 
Ordination  by  Dr.  Gibson,  Bishop  of  London, 
to  whom  Whatley  appears  to  have  been 
indebted  for  a  rapprochement  with  the- 
Lord  Chancellor  ('Letters  and  Applica- 
tions,' p.  vii,  cf.  B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  4321, 
folio  235).  To  Whatley 's  honour,  however,, 
be  it  remembered  that  his  interest  in  matters 
theological  was  not  developed  ad  hoc,  for 
the  recently  published  letters  of  July  22  and 
Oct.  27,  1720,  already  cited  (at  12  S. 


*  The  cause  may  have  been  the  closing  of  the 
purse-strings.  To  King's  fondness  for  money 
Whatley  discreetly  alludes  in  the  second  of  Ms 
'  Three  Letters'  (pp.  43-44).  Cf.  Lord  Percival's 
story  of  King  and  his  daughter-in-law's  fortune 
('  Diary  of  Viscount  Percival,'  vol.  i.,  p.  121). 

f  Cf.  the  parallel  drawn  by  him  between  Jiis 
case  and  that  of  Dr.  Donne  ('  Friendly  Admoni- 
tion,' p.  163):  cf.  also  'Three  Letters,'  p.  50,. 
where  he  states  that  he  delayed  declaring  his 
resolution  until  convinced  of  the  truth  of  the 
Christian  religion. 

±  '  A  Letter  to  a  Bencher  of  the  Inner  Temple 
from  a  Student  of  the  same  House.  Writ  in  the 
Year  1713.'  This  reached  at  least  a  third  edition. 
The  full  title,  as  well  as  that  of  *  A  Speech  '  (infra), 
has  kindly  been  supplied  by  the  Librarian  of  the 
John  Rylands  Library,  Manchester. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


243 


viii.  44-45  and  63-65),  prove  that — apart 
from  the  special  pleading  of  these  various 
pamphlets — he  was  by  no  means  indifferent 
to  this  science  at  a  time  when  he  entertained 
no  such  ambitions  (cf.  'Friendly  Admoni- 
tion,' p.  135). 

At  this  period  he  was  lodging  in  James 
Street,  Westminster*  ('Impartial  Review,' 
p.  54),  and  at  the  beginning  of  November 
was  the  victim  of  a  curious  quarrel  with  the 
Westminster  magistrates  on  attempting  to 
bail  a  former  maid-servant  arrested  on  a 
false  charge  of  theft.  The  details  of  the 
episode  may  be  ignored  but  one  should  not 
exclude  the  possibility  that  spite  or  enmity 
was  working  behind  the  scenes,  f  However, 
the  woe  of  the  maidservant  was  the  seed 
of  a  new  pamphlet,  and  at  the  end  of 
January  or  early  in  February,  1729,  appeared 

'  A  Friendly  Admonition  to  Gentlemen  in  the 
Commission  of  the  Peace.  Or,  An  Account  of 
some  late  extraordinary  Proceedings  of  a  couple 
of  Westminster  Justices ....  In  a  Humble  Repre- 
sentation to  a  Noble  Lord.'J 
which,  closely  following  the  'Letter  to  a 
Bencher,'  of  October,  1713,  not  only  states 
his  case  with  regard  to  the  magistrates' 
procedure  but  also  acted  as  a  manifesto  and 
justification  of  his  change  of  life  (cf.  '  Friend- 
ly Admonition,'  pp.  121-122).  This  again 
was  closely  followed — the  text  is  dated  at 
the  end  Feb.  15 — by 

'  An  Impartial  Review  of  a  Miscellaneous 
Treatise  (Lately  publish'd)  Entitled,  A  Friendly 
Admonition  to  Gentlemen  in  the  Commission  of 
the  Peace  ;  wherein  What  is  Amiss  is  Rectify 'd, 
and  what  is  Right  is  further  Enforc'd.  In 
Answer  to  a  letter  sent  to  the  Author  from  a 
Reverend  Divine  on  Occasion  of  it,' 
the  title  of  which  is  self-explanatory. 

On  June  24,  1729,  Whatley  was  instituted 
to  the  prebend  of  Bilton  in  York  Minster, 
in  the  gift  of  the  Archbishop§  (Public 
Kecord  Office,  Exchequer,  First  Fruits  and 

*  Possibly  St.  James'  Street,  where  he  will  be 
found  in  1737  and  1738,  or  else  either  James  Street, 
Haymarket,  or  James  Street,  Co  vent  Garden. 

t  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the  Sessions 
Books  for  this  very  month  are  missing  ('  Calendar 
of  Sessions  Books  Nos.  850-877,  and  Orders  of 
Court  (Middlesex  and  Westminster)  April  1727 
to  December  1729,'  p.  85,  note).  Whatley's 
animadversions  on  the  extortions  of  the  keeper  of 
the  Gate-House  and  on  Sir  John  Gonson's  weak- 
ness for  printing  his  charges — at  the  county|s 
expense — are  born  out  by  an  inspection  of  this 
volume,  e.g.  on  pp.  28,  55,  72,  113,  119,  128 
and  elsewhere. 

£  I.e.  King  (op.  cit.,  p.  1).  It  reached  a  second 
edition. 

§  At  that  time  Lancelot  Blackburne. 


Tenths  Office,  Bishops'  Certificates  of  In- 
stitution, York  32,  cf.  Le  Neve,  'Fasti,' 
ed.  T.  D.  Hardy,  1854,  vol.  iii.  p.  173),*  and 
on  the  23rd  of  the  following  month  to  the 
rectory  of  Toft  in  Lincolnshire,  a  Crown 
living  (Public  Record  Office,  loc.  cit.,  Lincoln 
23).  What  negotiations  lay  Behind  the 
conferment  of  the  prebendal  stall  the  writer 
has  not  so  far  traced  and  it  is  possible  that 
King  had  participated  in  them,  for  the 
living  which  he  bestowed  on  Whatley  was 
worth  but  a  third  of  the  Circean  three 
hundred  pounds,  and  was,  besides,  solitary,, 
uncongenial  and  all  but  a  sinecure.  How- 
ever, this  and  the  prebend  formed  a  pro- 
visionj"  and  rector  of  Toft  Whatley  re- 
mained until  his  death.  In  this  parish,, 
"consisting  of  6  Far^is  &  7  Cottages" 
(B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  4*321,  folio  235),  the 
Chancellor's  ugly  duckling  settled  down  for 
the  next  few  years,  by  no  means  relin- 
quishing his  claim  on  the  Prime  Minister,, 
which  was  unaffected  by  the  Chancellor's 
act  of  grace — what  more  pleasant  than  a 
Westminster  Canonry  or  a  Deanery  ? — 
but,  as  he  afterwards  alleged,  waiting 
"until  it  might  be  seen  in  what  manner  his 
Character  would  turn  out  in  that  state  " 
( '  Short  History,'  p.  25),  during  which  period 
nebulous  promises  and — between  Dec.  19^ 
1728,  and  1731 — the  sum  of  350Z.  were 
handed  out  toxhim  (op.  cit.,  p.  23). 

Of  the  fruit  of  his  solitude  we  have  : — 

'  A  Discourse  Made  to  a  Person  in  A  Country 
Parish  Church,  October  1,1732.  Doing  Penance  for 
the  Sin  of  Fornication.  Most  humbly  recom- 
mended to  the  Consideration  of  the  late  Committee, 
of  the  honourable  House  of  Commons,  of  Enquiry 
into  the  Abuses  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts.' 

Dedicated  to  Dr.  Gibson,  this  was  published 
not  earlier  than  May  1,  1733,  and,  owing  to 
its  appositeness,  its  learning — like  all 
Whatley's  works  it  is  insignificant  in  matter 
and  style — or,  more  likely,  the  one  word  on 
its  title-page,  reached  in  the  same  year  a 
second  edition.  In  any  case,  Whatley  seems 
to  have  been  determined  to  show  the  political 
world  that  his  light  would  not  be  extin- 
guished among  the  swamps  of  Toft. 

But  King,  long  a  frail  reed,  now  resigned 
the  seals  and — the  next  year — died.J  On 
Whatley's  efforts,  therefore,  alone  would 
the  successful  prosecution  of  his  suit  depend, 

*  Le  Neve's  entry  is  defective. 

t  Though  insufficient,  it  would  seem,  to  dis- 
charge the  debts  that  he  had  contracted  (*  Letter* 
and  Applications,'  p.  19). 

t  Nov.  19,  1733.     July  22,  1734. 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  26, 1021. 


.and  this  may  have  induced  him  in  Septem- 
ber, 1735,  to  come  to  town  and  renew  the 
•  attack.*  Walpole  now  denied  that  he  had 
-promised  him  anything  ('Short  History,' 
pp.  26-28,  'Letters  and  Applications,' 
p.  ii,  'Judgment  Signed,'  p.  21),  and  there 
may  have  been  a  scene  ('Short  History,' 
ibidem).  Whatever  the  other  results  of  the 
interviews  and  of  Whatley's  letter  of 
:Sept.  8  asking  for  preferment  ('Short 
History,'  pp.  32-35),  they  did  not  blossom 
into  stalls,  for  strangers  received  the  then 
Lincoln  and  Worcester  vacancies  (op.  ciL, 
pp.  26  note,  27).  Being  again  rebuffed  early 
in  the  new  year  (op.  cit.,  pp.  37-39),  he  made 
no  further  application  until  June  7,  the  day 
on  which  he  left  town.  His  letter  to  Wal- 
pole of  that  date  (op.  cit.,  pp.  39—41)  ex- 
plains his  abstention  :  he  had  been  com- 
piling his  "  case  " — presumably  the  nucleus 
of  the  '  Short  History  ' — as  against  the 
minister.  This  he  forwarded  (letter  of  the 
same  date,  op.  cit.,  p.  41)  to  his  friend  and 
intermediary, — - — ,|  to  show  to  Walpole 
(cf.  autem  'Letters  and  Applications,'  p.  iii). 
At  Christmas  he  would  return  for  his  answer  : 
meanwhile  the  matter  would  remain  "  an 
absolute  secret  "  ('  Short  History, 'p.  40). 

Early  in  January  of  the  next  year  the 
suitor  returned  to  town,  lodging  in  St. 
James'  Street  (op.  cit.,  p.  42),  and  on 
Jan.  9,  1737,  wrote  to  —  — ,  stating  his 
readiness  for  the  answer,  but  adding  the 
threat  that,  if  Walpole  still  refused,  he 
would  appeal  to  the  public  ( '  Short  History,' 
pp.  42-46,  '  Letters  and  Applications, '  p.  iii) : 
the  printers'  chapel  was  to  ruin  the 
man  who  refused  churches.  Walpole  still 
refused,  Whatley  printed  his  "Case"! 
and  sent  it  all  hot  to  the  minister  : 
this  ultimatum  was  followed  by  an  ex- 
change of  letters  lasting  a  year,  during 
which  time  publication  was  suspended  on 
the  advice  of  a  friend  §  ( '  Letters  and 


'  *  Lodging  in  St.  Martin's  Lane.  ('  Short 
History,'  pp.  32,  39). 

t  The  writer  has  not  been  able  to  identify  this 
individual.  It  may  have  been  Hardwicke.  As 
a  potential  clue  one  may  observe  that  he  was 
apparently  out  of  Town  from  about  Saturday, 
Feb.  18,  to  Tuesday,  Feb.  21,  1738  ('  Letters  and 
Applications,'  pp.  26,  28),  from  an  unspecified 
date  [Saturday,  Feb.  25  ?]  to  Tuesday,  Feb.  28, 
1738  (op.  cit.,  p.  37)  and  again  from  about 
March  8  to  March  18,  1738  (op.  cit.,  p.  43). 
His  place  of  residence  is  given  as  ". . . .  Street  " 
(op.  cit.,  p.  31). 

t  March  1737.  The  Advertisement  is  dated 
the  4th. 

§  Probably  " ." 


Applications,'  pp.  iii,  22).     Between  Apr.  10 
and  27  he  had  returned  to   Toft  (Whatley 

to ,  Toft,  Apr.  27,  1737,  op.  cit.,  p.  15) 

to  look  after  his  baker's  dozen  of  inhabited 
houses,  but  between  Jan.  4  and  17,  1738,  he 
arrived  in  London  "  for  the  Residue  of  the 
Winter  "  (Whatley  to  — ,  St.  James' 
Street,  London,  Jan.  17,  1738,  op.  cit.,  p.  20). 
After  letters  to  —  -  and  to  the  minister, 
extending  over  a  month,  —  —  brought  word 
that  "  « No  answer  would  be  an  Answer  '  : 
(op.  cit.,  p.  28  note),  and  in  March  Whatley 
unchained  the  press. 

C.    S.    B.     BlTCKLAND. 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE  BEGINNING  OF  AESTHETIC 

CRITICISM  IN  ITALY. 
SFORZA  PALLA VICING  (1607-1667). 
THE  seventeenth  century  in  Italy,  in  addition 
to  overthrowing  to  a  great  extent  the  criti- 
cism of  the  Renaissance  with  its  involved 
commentary  of  Aristotle's  '  Poetics '  and 
the  '  Ars  Poetica '  of  Horace  and  rigid 
classification  of  literary  types  on  the  Alexan- 
drian model,  strove  to  establish  a  definitely 
philosophical'  interpretation  of  poetical 
creation  in  the  mind  and  imagination,  and 
thus  led  directly  to  the  aesthetic  criticism 
of  the  eighteenth  century  and  the  individual 
theory  of  the  Romantics.  The  development 
can  be  quite  clearly  traced  all  through  the 
century  and  comes  to  expression  in  in- 
numerable quasi-aesthetic  treatises,  poetics, 
pamphlets,  literary  disputes,  academic  dis- 
sertations and  transactions  of  literary 
academies  :  in  Boccalini,  Ciampoli,  Pelle- 
grini, Ettori,*  and  above  all  in  Pallavicino, 
The  faculties  of  the  mind  which  go  to  the 
creation  and  formation  of  literature  are 
variously  examined,  together  with  the  inner 
definition  of  the  function  of  poetry,  and  those 
elements  which  form  the  aesthetic  qualities 
in  critical  appreciation.  In  the  Seicento 
these  remain  disjointed  or  only  casually 
symthetised,  and  the  ultimate  unity  of 
spirit  is  only  dimly  suggested  ;  but  the  modern 
note  rings  through  all  that  effort,  the 
note  of  philosophic  curiosity,  of  a  scientific 


*  Cf.  '  Ciro  Trabalza  '  :  La  critica  letteraria 
(Milano,  Vallardi,  1915),  chap.  v.  ;  Biondollo  : 
Poeti  e  critici  (Palermo,  1909)  for  Pellegrini. 
The  work  of  Ettori  of  prime  importance  is — • 
'  Camillo  Ettori  '  :  II  buon  gusto  ne'componi- 
menti  rettorrici  (opere,  Bologna,  1696)  and  of 
Pellegrini  '  Matteo  Pellegrini '  :  I  fonti  dell* 
ingegno  ridotto  ad  arte  (Bologna,  1650) 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


245T. 


attitude  to  the  creation  of  the  individual 
mind  in  poetry  and  in  art.  The  century, 
which  produced  Galileo,  was  the  same 
century  in  every  detail  which  produced  the 
*  Trattato  dello  stile '  of  Pallavicino  :  the 
basis  may  still  have  been  too  classical  in 
the  concept  of  imitation,  too  hedonistic  in 
the  insistence  on  pleasure,  too  ethical  in  the 
praise  of  good,  too  empirical  in  the  division 
of  intellect,  imagination,  fancy,  sensual 
perception,  too  fragmentary  in  the  actual 
critical  detail,  but  it  was  distinctly  more 
modern  than  that  of  the  Renaissance  in  this 
effort  or  design  of  evaluating  the  production 
and  means  of  production  of  the  mind. 
In  a»  sense  the  Cartesian  movement  in 
philosophy  resembles  this  quasi -aesthetic 
movement  in  literary  criticism  although  no 
influence  of  Descartes  can  be  traced  until 
the  end  of  the  century :  traditional  and 
largely  extrinsic  literary  standards  were  no 
longer  accepted  by  or  sympathetic  to  this 
movement  of  spiritual  inquiry. 

The  main  tendencies  of  the  century  are 
fully  represented  in  Sforza  Pallavicino  and 
in  his  works*  we  may  trace  the  first  sincere 
effort  to  realize  an  aesthetic  ideal  in  literary 
criticism — an  ideal  which  shines  through 
a  confusion  of  Aristotelian,  Renaissance, 
Neo- Alexandrian,  Secentist  tendencies  and 
traditions  and  does  present  a  certain  unity 
of  vision.  On  the  one  side,  if  such  a 
division  is  possible,  the  classical  criticism 
with  its  minute  study  of  grammatical  for- 
mulae, its  love  of  technical  perfection,  its 
insistence  on  the  moral  principle  enters  into 
his  theory  and,  on  the  other,  we  find  indica- 
tions of  free,  independent  judgment,  a  desire 
for  natural  expression,  simplicity  in  repre- 
sentation; clarity  of  artistic  vision  with  no 
hint  of  the  Marinistic  sensuality  and  meta- 
phorical frippery,  an  admiration  of  poetry 
as  a  source  of  pure  delight,  a  deeper 
understanding  of  the  science  of  form. 
He  shares  with  Tassoni  and  Boccalini,  the 
cool,  almost  disinterested  attitude  towards 
the  ancients  :  "  The  ancients  alone  do 
not  suffice  since  time  and  the  various 


*  The  works  of  Pallavicino  which  this  studT 
is  based  are  :    '  Del  Bene  Libri  Quattro  (Roma 
Corbelletti  1644)  ;   '  Arte  della  perfezion  cristiana 
(Milano,  1820  ;    Edition  used)  ;  '  Arte  dello  stile 
(Bologna,    per   G.    Monti,    1647),   edition   used   is 
'  Trattati    su  lo  stile   e   su   1'eloquenza  '    (Napoli 
1  s.".(i):      '  Ermenegildo,     Martire  '     (Roma,     Cor- 


belletti,    1644)  ;      '  Awertimenti    grammaticali 
(P.   F.   Rainaldi,  1661);    '  Lettere  '  (Roma,  Ber- 
nabo,  1668  and  Venezia,  Bombi,  1678)  ;   '  Discorso 
se  il  Principe  debba  o  no  essere  letterato  '  (Roma 
1  844,  Edition  used). 


tastes  of  man  have  rendered  necessary  some- 
divagation  from  their  style";*  but  the- 
ancient  and  noble  simplicity  is  set  against 
the  Marinist  extravagance  f  while  he  deplores 
the  evil  influence  of  Petrarch  who,  by 
running  riot  in  love-subtleties,  has  led  to 
immorality  in  poetry — "  and  many  of  his 
successors  have  added  to  variety  of  content 
obscenity  of  form."t  His  attitude  towards 
Homer  and  the  Greek  epic  is  almost  Crocian> 
in  the  denial  of  an  allegorical  interpretation,, 
out  ethical  and  Renaissance  in  the  conception 
of  the  ultimate  effect  of  the  'Iliad'— even 
if  it  is  a  divine  thing,  it  is  not  fit  to  instruct 
a  mind  either  in  morals  or  in  speculative- 
sciences^  The  thought  of  Italian  epic&; 
induces  melancholy  : — 

"  for  I  remarked  from  one  standpoint  the  nobility 
of  those  works,  the  greatness  of  which  lies  in 
bhe  sublimity  of  genius  and  not  in  the  value  of 
bhe  material,  nor  in  the  patience  nor  length  of? 
industry :  from  the  other,  I  grew  sad  at  the 
thought  that  our  century  appeared  fallen  from, 
such  high  place.  "|| 

The  Pallavicinian  theory  of  poetry,  al- 
though it  works  from  the  Renaissance  con- 
ception of  poetical  imitation,  and  at  some 
moments  lays  weight  on  instruction  and  the 
didascalic  element  at  the  expense  of  the 
purely  aesthetic,  rises  into  a  noble  vision 
and,  by  giving  pride  of  place  to  the- 
beautiful,  becomes-  almost  spiritual  arid 
aesthetic  in  this  very  attribute.  The 
Renaissance  ut  pictura  poesis  contributes 
greatly  to  Pallavicino' s  theory  but  he  differs 
in  the  view  of  imitation  :  imitation  is  not 
exact  reproduction  without  any  individual 
touch  but  must  depend  for  its  efficacy  on 
vivacity  of  representation  and  thus  on  the 
artistic  expression.^  The  poet,  while  acting 
as  a  mirror  to  nature,  transforms  that  mir- 
rored image  in  the  act  of  expression  and  the 
power  of  artistic  transformation  lies  in  the 
persuasive  effect  of  the  representation  :  <4  j 
"  what  is  the  use  of  depicting  the  poem  as  pro- 
bable if  it  is  not  taken  as  real.  Poetical  imitation, 
the  soul  of  poetry,  would  have  no  utility.... 
Painting  does  not  pretend  that  the  fictitious 
should  be  held  as  real  as  the  stupidity  of  those 
birds  that  fly  to  taste  with  their  beaks  the  grapes 
painted  by  Zeus  or  of  those  dogs  and  horses 


*  '  Lettere,'  p.  19. 

t   '  Arte  della  perfezion  cristiana,'  Ed.  cit.  p.  6. 

J  Quoted  in  '  A.  Belloni :  II  Seicento '  (Vallardi* 
Milano),  p.  52. 

§  '  Trattato  dejlo  stile,'  Ed.  cit.  p.  43. 

||  '  Lettere,'  p.  9. 

•1  'Trattato  dello  stile,'  Chap,  xxx,  passim* 
Del  Bene,'  Ed.  cit.,  p.  456. 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.vm.  MARCH  20, 1921. 


mentioned  by  Pliny  that  bayed  and  reared  up 
at  the  sight  of  dogs  and  horses  as  vividly  rendered 
in  paint  as  to  seem  alive.  And  yet  the  painted 
figures,  even  if  considered  as  painted,  excite 
^acutely  the  emotions."* 

The  realistic  painting,   the   living  effect  of 
artistic    representation    comes     to     percep- 
tion and  causes  a  pleasure  of  its  own,  little 
-related    to     the     thought      of     the     living 
figures   represented    in    paint    and    to    the 
•comparison  between    art    and    life.        The 
ut   pictura   poesis   theory    has    been    modi- 
fied    to     conform    to  the    ideal    of    emo- 
tional    and    even    aesthetic    pleasure.     One 
•chapter  of  the  '  Trattato  dello  stile  ' — '  The 
Essence  and  Function  of  Poetical  Imitation  ' 
ishows   a   curious   uncertainty   in   this    doc- 
trine :    Pallavicino  inclines    to  ethical  plea- 
sure,   knowledge    gained    from    contempla- 
tion ;  but  contemplation  of  poetical  imita- 
tion   leads   to    pleasure    in   our    perception 
rather  than  in  the  imitation  and  hence  to 
^aesthetic  pleasure:  "I  certainly  do  not  mean 
that  the  imitator  teaches  us  to  imitate  and 
•that  the  spectator  learns  from  him  the  art 
-of  imitating."     Poetry  is  the  queen  of  the 
imitative  arts,   chiefly  through  the  greater 
vivacity  of  its  imitation  :  and,  in  this  way, 
although    aesthetic    pleasure    should  be  the 
aim  of  the  poet  and  the  delineation  of  the 
fictitious  and  imagined  may  be  more  pro- 
ductive of  delight  than  delineation  of  the 
real  since  it  comes  from  the  genius  of  the 
poet,f  the  "more  exquisite  and  more  fruit- 
ful  function   of   poetry   is   to   illumine   our 
mind  in  the  noble  exercise  of  judgment,  and 
thus  become  the  nurse  of  philosophy  giving  it 
:a  sweeter  milk."  The  contradiction  between 
poetical   imitative  realism   and  idealism  is 
-evident  :    in    one    passage    he    states     that 
"  poetry  represents  each  action  as  similar  to 
^that  which   happens   or   should    happen  in 
Teality  "  and  in  a  following  passage  that  the 
l>eauty    of    poetry    lies    in    the    marvellous 
-  "  since  to  learn  the  marvellous  is  to  learn 
what  was  entirely  contrary  to  our  belief  and 
is  therefore  a  more  precious  gain  than  learn- 
ing the  convnonplaae "  ;  J   and  again,   that 
the  real  should  not  be  a  rigid  criterion,  the 
fabulous,  like  winged  horses,  ships  changed 
into    nymphs    or    similar   creations    of    the 
imagination,  being  itself  a  source  of  pleasure 
provided    that    the    artistic    representation 
'  bring?  conviction  and  preserves  consistency, 
'"The     Rsnaissanca     creed     of    the     poetica 


*  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  456,  et  seq. 
t  '  Trattato  dello  stile,'  chap.  xvii. 
J  Ibid.,  ch^p.  xxx. 


miversal  finds  expression  in  the  '  Trattato 
dello  stile,'  with  a  difference  however  in  that 
>bservation  is  awakened  by  poetry  : — 

"  Poetry  forms  its  theme  by  observing  the 
universal — not  what  occurs  in  a  single  event  but 
vhat  usually  occurs  in  similar  events.  Then 
very  universal  contains  in  itself  an  infinite 
lumber  of  single  things,  infinite  truths  and  truths 
not  dependent  on  chance  but  on  the  order  of 
lature  and  hence  is  the  object  of  science.  Thus 
n  poetical  descriptions  the  slightest  circumstances 
appear  most  beautiful  because  they  teach  those 
universal  truths  which  appeal  most  to  the  writer's 
)bservation  and  are  less  noticed  by  the  reader, 
o  subtle  as  to  escape  his  eye."* 
Poetry  is 

'  much  more  suited  to  move  than  to  teach  ;  the 
mmediate  aim  of  poetry  in  weaving  tales  is  not 
nstruction  by  means  of  allegorically  implied 
nysteries  since  each  art  must  use  the  methods 
>est  proportioned  to  its  intention  and  allegory 
does  not  instruct." 

The  poet  is  superior  to  the  philosopher  in 
this  popular  appeal — and  his  duty  is  to 
•ppeal  to  the  common  people,  according  to 
Pallavicino ;  since  the  philosopher  pre- 
supposes interest  and  wonder  in  his  readers 
regarding  the  unknown  causes  of  effects,  and 
Logically  clears  away  that  ignorance,  while 
the  poet  excites  interest  and  wonder  before, 
giving  instruction.  Instead  of  being,  as  the 
Renaissance  critics  believed,  the  daughter  of 
philosophy,  poetry  rises  to  a  more  exalted 
level  and  the  great  poets  may  be  termed 
divine  :  poetry  is  raised  above  the  entire 
theory  of  knowledge.  The  ethical,  hedon- 
istic, didascalic,  scientific,  aesthetic  elements 
become  merged  and  confused  until  it  is 
difficult  to  know  what  Pallavicino  really 
desires  ;  but  in  his  discussion  of  the  differ- 
ence between  poetry  and  history  he  attains 
almost  an  aesthetic  point  of  view.  Contrary 
to  the  classical  tradition,  he  insists  on  the 
independence  of  poetry  as  art.  One  sentence 
in  the  '  Letters '  has  a  peculiar  value  in 
this  respect  : — 

"  In  art  there  is  no  place  for  that  which  several 

feel  in  nature It  is  a  boast  of  great  Artists 

that  they  can  render  more  worthy  of  esteem  a 
log,  a  stone,  a  candle  than  an  equal  mass  of  fine 
gold  and  God,  who  is  the  greatest  Artist,  took  for 
material  no  thing,  "t 

The  '  Parnassaesis '  added  nothing  to  this 
theory.  Purity  in  art  remains  the  clesi- 
doratum  :  the  development  of  this  thought 
would  lead  inevitably  to  independence  of 
the  poet  as  a  craftsman  and  not  as  a 
social  or  ethical  teacher. 

HUGH  QUIGI/EY. 

*  Ibid.,  chap,  xxx. 
f  '  Lettere,'  p?  70. 


12  S.  VIII.  MABCH  26, 1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


247 


A  NORFOLK  CHURCHWARDEN'S  CHARITIES 
IN  1716. — In  the  Accounts  of  Thomas 
Patrick,  churchwarden  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen 
Parish,  Wiggenhall,  charitable  gifts  are  not 
very  numerous.  The  following  items  are 
selected  from  some  three  or  four  long 
columns  of  entries  relating  to  other  pay- 
ments. They  appear  to  show  that  although 
the  tales  of  woe  became  sadder  the  value  of 
the  gifts  became  progressively  less  and  less. 

A  Bill  of  money  I  have  disbursed  in  ye  year 

1716  being  Church  Warden  : — 

Nov.    2.  pd.  2  lame  souldyers  . .           . .     0  01  00 
14.  gave  4  seamen  that  vas  taken 
by  ye  Tursk  going  home  to 
Newcastell 0  01  06 

Dec.  19.  gave  to  a  man  had  his  hous 

burnt  at  Welny       . .  . .     0  01  00 

JFeb.  20.  gave  a  woman  yt  had  her  house 
burnt  att  Dunington  in 
Lynckhornesheyre  &  lost 
£300  0  00  06 

1717. 

T?eb.  19.  gave  to  a  man  of  Totnell  yt 

had  his  hous  burnt. .          . .      0  00  02 

1725. 

Aug.  25.  gave  a  man  yt  had  his  father 
and  mother  burnt  and  lost 

£300  by  fire 0  00  06 

R.    T.    GUNTHER. 

A  BRONTE  POEM. — A  reviewer  in  The 
Manchester  Guardian  of  a  recent  volume 
entitled  : — 

"  The     Complete     Poems     of     Anne     Bronte. 
Edited  by  Clement  Shorter,  with  a  Bibliographical 
Introduction    by    C.    W.    Hatfield.     Hodder    & 
Stoughton.     Pp.  xxiii.  154,  12s.  Qd.  net." 
observes  : — 

"  It  repeats  an  obvious  error,  for  which  Mr. 
A.    C.     Benson    was    originally    responsible,    in 
attributing  the  strange  and  forcible  lyric. 
There  let  thy  bleeding  branch  atone 
to  the  mild  and  meditative  Anne,  though  telling 
us,  as  Mr.   Benson  forgot  to   do,  that  the  lyric 
was  found  among  Emily's  papers,  unsigned,   in 
Emily's  handwriting.     We  should  greatly  like  to 
know  what  Mr.  Benson's  or  Mr.  Shorter's  reasons 
are  for  believing  it  to  be  Anne's  work." 

So  should  I  with  many  others  interested  in 
Bronte  literature.  Perhaps,  should  this  note 
meet  their  eyes,  Mr.  Benson  or  Mr.  Shorter 
may  be  induced  to  supply  '  N.  &  Q.'  with 
the  reasons  asked  for  by  the  reviewer. 

To  my  edition  (1867)  of  'The  Professor  ' 
are  annexed  '  Poems  by  Currer  (18),  Ellis  (21) 
and  Acton  (21)  Bell,'  together  with  'Selec- 
tions from  the  Literary  Remains  of  Ellis  (17) 
and  Acton  (9)  Bell.  By  Currer  Bell,'  but, 
.curiously  enough,  the  above  lyric  is  con- 
spicuous by  its  absence.  Had  Charlotte 
but  included  it  in  her  Selections  from 
Emily's  poems  controversy  would  have  been 


needless,  but  the  fact  that  Emily  herself 
evidently  included  it  in  her  own  transcrip- 
tions of  her  poems  should,  apart  from  any 
internal  evidence,  go  far  "  to  prove  it  hers." 
In  1916  vol.  xii.  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Rochdale  Literary  and  Scientific  Society 
was  issued  containing  a  paper  by  Mr.  H.  A. 
Mince  on  the  MS.  of  Emily  Bronte's  poems 
in  the  collection  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Law,  Houres- 
ford,  Littleborough. 

"  The  MS.  [said  a  local  account]  is  described 
as  one  of  the  several  transcripts  which  Emily 
Bronte  made  of  her  poems  before  any  of  them, 
were  published  in  '  that  slight  and  disregarded 
volume,  "  Poems  by  Currer,  Ellis,  and  Acton 
Bell,"  with  which,  in  1846,  the  literary  career 
of  the  three  sisters  began.'  This  transcript  is  in 
Emily  Bronte's  microscopically  small  hand- 
writing, of  which  a  facsimile,  printed  in  the 
Transactions,  shows  the  curious  character,  and  is 
dated  1844.  The  MS.  consists  of  thirty  pages  of 
large  smooth-surfaced  letter  paper,  and  has  been 
bound  in  tooled  leather,  apparently  by  the  late 
Mr.  J.  T.  Wise,  a  former  possessor  of  it.  It 
contains  thirty-two  poems,  of  which  three  are 
'  unidentified  ' — not  known  to  have  been  pub- 
lished— and  these  are  printed  in  full  in  Mr. 
Mince's  paper,  which  also  gives  the  title  or  first 
line  and  the  date  of  each  of  the  other  pieces. 
Several  stanzas  omitted  from  poems  included  by 
Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  in  his  recent  volume,  '  Bronte 
Poems,'  are  also  printed  here." 

Mr.  R.  J.  Gordon,  Chief  Librarian  of 
Rochdale,  informs  me  that  there  is  no  refer- 
ence in  Mr.  Mince's  paper  to  the  lyric  under 
discussion.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

THE  QUALITIES  OF  FEMALE  BEAUTY.— 
The  Evening  News  for  Mar.  3,  1921  (p.  3), 
has  the  follow  paragraph  : — 

"In  a  beauty  specialist's  shop  window  in 
Oxford  Street  appears  the  following  notice  : — 

A  woman,  to  be  beautiful,  must  possess  the 
twenty-seven  qualities  running  in  series  of  three. 

White  :  Skin,  hands,  teeth. 

Black  :  Eyes,  eyelashes,  eyebrows. 

Pink  :  Lips,  gums,  nails. 

Long  :  Life,  hands,  hair. 

Short :  Teeth,  ears,  tongue. 

Large  :  Forehead,  shoulders,  intelligence. 

Narrow  :  Waist,  mouth,  ankle. 

Delicate  :  Fingers,  life,  spirit. 

Round  :  Arms,  legs,  income." 

This  is  derived  from  a  once  well-known 
poem,  beginning  : — 
Triginta  haec  habeat,  quae  vult  formosa  vocari 

Femina  ;  sic  Helenam  fama  fuisse  refert. 
It  is  rather  too  long  to  print  in  full,  and  a 
little    too — shall   we    say,    anatomical,   for 
modern  taste. 

Where  are  these  lines  first  found,  and  is 
their  author  known  ?  They  occur  in  the 
'  Elegantiae  Latini  Sermonis,'  but  are  hardly 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MAKCH  26,1021, 


likely  to  be  Nicholas  Chorier's  own  coin- 
position — indeed,  I  think  they  are  found 
J3efore  his  time,  though  I  cannot  lay  hands 
upon  the  volume. 

(It  need  scarcely  be  mentioned  that  "life, 
intelligence,  spirit,  income "  are  unskilful 
additions  by  the  beauty  specialist,  for  these 
are  not  "  qualities "  making  for  beauty  ; 
there  are  other  minor  alterations,  as  well  as 
the  reduction  from  thirty  to  twenty-seven, 
in  the  modern  adaptation.)  S.  G. 

MEDICAL  VALUE  OF  NAIL-CUTTING. — 
4  X.  &  Q.'  has  paid  some  attention  to  finger- 
nail folk-lore  ;  but  perhaps  the  following 
items  culled  from  Wilfred  Thomason  Gren- 
f ells'  'A  Labrador  Doctor'  are  a  new  intro- 
duction to  our  pages  : — 

"  I  never  gets  sea  boils,"  one  old  salt  told  me 
the  other  day. 

"  '  How  is  that  ?  '  I  asked. 

"  '  Oh,  I  always  cuts  my  nails  on  a  Monday, 
so  1  never  has  any.'  (p.  143)." 

A  simple  cure  for  asthma  (p.  145)  : — 
"  consists  merely  of  taking  the  tips  of  all  one's 
finger-nails  carefully  allowed  to   grow  long  and 
cutting  them  of£  with  sharp  scissors." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

VICISSITUDES  OF  BOOKS. — Many  editions 
of  books  have  suffered  from  flood  or  flame — 
and  one  was  once  lost  for  a  month  through 
some  railway  trucks  (bearing  an  old  label) 
being  "mislaid" — but  the  following  in- 
stance is  certainly  a  very  unusual  one. 

According  to  '  The  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography  '  (xxviii.  218),  the  second  edition 
of  David  Hume's  '  Philosophical  Essays  ' 
was  kept  back  by  the  publisher,  Millar,  in 
1751,  "on  account  of  the  earthquakes" 
which  at  the  beginning  of  that  year  had 
aroused  a  temporary  wave  of  superstition. 

K.  B. 

Upton. 

HENBY  MOLLE.— I  lately  (12  S.  vii.  386, 
387)  gave  some  account  of  John  Mole  or 
Molle  and  his  son  Henry  Mo  lie.  I  now  find 
(Rev.  Dr.  T.  A.  Walker's  '  Admissions  to 
Peterhouse,'  p.  682)  that,  included  in  a 
manuscript  collection  of  church  music  pre- 
.  sented  to  Peterhouse  by  Dr.  John  Jebb  in 
1856,  are  the  following  works  of  one  Henry 
Molle  :— 

"  Services :  (1)  Magnificat,  Nunc  Dimittis 
D  minor  ;  (2)  Magnificat,  Nunc  Dimittis  r>  minor 
(full :  4  voc.)  ;  (3)  Litany ;  (4)  Latin  Litany  ; 
(5)  Latin  Te  Deum  :  no  Jubilate. 

"  Anthems  :  '  Great  and  marvellous.'  " 

Dr.  Walker  describes  Molle  as  "  probably 
Organist  or  of  the  choir  of  Peterhouse  during 


the  Mastership  of  Bishop  Co  sin "  [1634- 
1660]  ;  but  he  tells  me  that  this  is  a  mere- 
suggestion  made  to  him,  and  that  the  com- 
poser may  well  have  been  the  Henry  Molle 
of  whom  I  wrote,  who  was  Fellow  of  King's 
and  from  1639  to  1650  Public  Orator. 

If  this  identification  is  correct,  we  see 
Henry  Molle  as  not  only  a  Latin  scholar,, 
and  a  writer  of  light  English  verse — but  a 
composer  of  church  music,  and  a  churchman, 
probably  of  the  school  of  Laud. 

G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH.. 

Sheffield. 


C§  turns, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in*- 
Formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries,, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

BAMFYLDE  MOORE  CAREW.  (See  2  S- 
iii.  4  ;  iv.  330,  401,  522  ;  12  S.  viii.  56,  133, 
sub  'Weekly  Miscellany'.) — The  idea  that 
Mr.  or  Mrs.  Goadby  wrote  some  of  the 
early  editions  of  the  Life  of  this  eccentric 
Devonian,  is  not  by  any  means  new,  as  may  be 
seen  by  referring  to  4  S.  ii.  522.  The  writer 
of  the  letter  there  printed  (T.  P.,  of  Tiver- 
ton)  mentions  '  Timperley's  Dictionary  of 
Printers  and  Printing  '  as  asserting  "  Robert 
Goadby  of  Sherborne.  .  .  .to  have  been  the 
author  of  the  '  Life  of  Bampfylde  Moore 
Carew.'  v  T.  P.  himself  says  that  he  had 
"  heard  that  it  was  written  by  Mrs.  Goadby 
from  the  relation  of  Bampfylde  Moore  Carew 
himself." 

I  have  just  had  the  opportunity  of  ex- 
amining copies  of  the  two  editions  described 
by  J.  P.  O.,  Oct.  24,  1857,  and  F.  S.  Q.,. 
Nov.  14,  1857,  reckoned  by  MR.  J.  PAUL 
DE  CASTRO  as  really  the  third  and  fourth. 

The  copies  I  have  seen  and  noted  are 
in  the  "Davidson"  Collection  at  the  Ply- 
mouth Institution ;  and  the  one  that  is 
described  by  F.S.Q.  is  reckoned  as  the 
first  edition.  At  the  same  time  a  close 
examination  of  it  confirms  the  contention 
of  MR.  DE  CASTRO  that  there  were  earlier 
ones. 

In  this,  whose  title-page  asserts  "  The 
whole  taken  from  his  own  mouth,"  there  is 
an  address  "  To  the  Reader  "  written  in  the 
name  and  the  person  of  B.  M.  Carew,  and 
signed  in  his  full  name.  He  begins  by  say- 
ing that  it 

"  will" be  expected  some  Account  should  be  given 
of  the  Motives  of the  Author  notwithstanding 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26,  1921.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


249 


the  Scenes  of  Life  he  is  engaged  in ....  cannot  help 
feeling  some  Concern  for  his  Fame.  I  shall 
present  you  with  my  true  History,  but  as  some 
Account  has  already  appear'd  of  my  Life,  though 
not  under  my  own  Inspection,  I  shall  order  my 
Historiographer  to  begin  with  my  first  voyage 
to  AMERICA,  only  mentioning  somewhat  of  my 
Birth  and  Family, ....  &c." 

The  words  I  have  italicised  show  that  (one 
or  more)  editions  of  an  *  Account  of  his 
Life  and  Doings '  ;  had  been  issued  before 
that  with  which  Goadby  is  associated,  as  is 
mentioned  by  MB.  DE  CASTRO. 

The  next  Goadby  edition,  which  in  the 
"  Davidson "  Collection  has  on  the  title- 
page  "  second  edition,  with  considerable 
additions,"  corresponds  to  that  described 
by  J.P.O.,  Oct.  24,  1857,  which  he  mentions 
as  having  the  imprint  "  Third  Edition." 
In  other  respects  the  contents  appear  to 
correspond,  and  especially  in  the  date 
attached  to  the  address  "To  the  Reader," 
viz.,  "Feby.  10th,  1749-50."  This  is  there- 
fore evidently  a  repetition  from  the  second 
edition  with  Goadby' s  name. 

Like  the  writer  in  your  2nd.  Series  iv. 
I  apprehend  it  may  not  be  an  "  easy  under- 
taking "  to  settle  the  authorship  of  the 
earliest  issued  Accounts  of  Carew's  Life, 
but  I  hope  we  may  look  to  MB.  J.  PAUL  DE 
CASTBO  to  give  us  further  and  fuller  parti- 
culars of  those  which  seem  clearly  to  be 
referred  to  by  Carew  as  having  been  issued 
but  "  not  under  his  own  inspection."  May 
we  take  it  that  they  are  to  be  found  in  MB. 
DE  CASTBO' s  own  collection  ?  Was  "  T.  P., 
Tiverton,"  who  wrote  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  Dec.  26, 
1857,  the  Thomas  Price  referred  to  by  MB. 
DE  CASTBO  ?  W.  S.  B.  H. 

MABIA  DICKSON=DB.  DOMINICK  LYNCH. 
— I  seek  the  name  of  the  parents  of  Maria 
Dickson  who  was  married  to  Dr.  Dominick 
Lynch  of  Barbadoes,  and  died  July  7,  1830. 
Is  it  possible  that  she  was  a  daughter  of 
James  Dickson,  slave  owner,  of  St.  Mary's 
Isle,  Jamaica  ?  JAMES  SETON-ANDEBSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

JENKINSON  AND  DUCK  FAMILIES. — I  should 
be  grateful  for  any  educational  and  other 
details  respecting  Richard  Jenkinson,  Vicar 
of  Ottery,  Philip  Jenkinson,  and  the  Rev. 
John  Duck  of  Dunchideock,  and  Richard 
Duck  of  Doddiscombsleigh,  who  were  all 
living  about  1720.  A.  T.  M. 

HEBCULES  UNDEBHILL  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  in  January,  1737/8, 
aged  9.  Can  any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
help  me  to  identify  him  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 


DOUBLE  FIBSTS  AT  OXFOBD. — Sir  J.  T. 
Coleridge  wrote  ('  Memoir  of  Keble,'  chap.  4): 

"  Up  to  1810  no  one  had  earned  the  distinction 
of  being  placed  in  both  First  Classes  but  Sir 
Robert  Peel,  with  whose  examination  in  1808 
the  University  was  ringing  when  I  matriculated." 

Peel  had  gone  from  private  schools 
and  Harrow  to  Christ  Church.  Keble  was 
privately  educated  by  his  father,  till  he 
went  to  Corpus  Christi,  and  was  next  after 
Peel  to  take  Double  Firsts,  at  Easter,  1810, 
at  the  age  of  18.  Francis  William  Newman, 
from  private  schools  to  Worcester,  took 
Double  Firsts  in  1826  :— 

"  On  receiving  the  degree  the  whole  assembly 
rose  to  welcome  him,  an  honour  paid  only  to 
Peel  on  similar  occasion  "  ('  D.N.B.') 

How  many  ethers  have  taken  Double 
Firsts,  and  is  there  anywhere  a  list  ? 

W.  DOUGLAS 

31  Sandwich  Street,  W.C.I. 

SHEBINGTON  :  OLD  CHUBCH  REGISTEBS. — 
Browne  Willis,  who  visited  Sherington,  co. 
Bucks,  about  1720,  stated  that  the  old 
registers  of  the  church  there  had  been 
removed  by  the  executors  of  the  late  rector. 
This  would  be  the  Rev.  Ignatius  Fuller, 
who  died  circa  1712. 

Can  any  reader  assist  me  to  trace  these  ? 
If  still  in  existence  they  are  presumably 
in  private  hands.  A.  C.  C. 

Chiswick. 

ROSE-COLOUBED  VESTMENTS   ON  MOTHEB- 

ING  SUNDAY. — In  my  little  book  on  Mother- 
ing Sunday  I  quoted  from  John  Bumpus's 
'  Dictionary  of  Ecclesiastical  Terms,'  as  to 
the  use  of  rose-coloured  vestments.  This 
quotation  has  not  been  received  without 
question.  I  should  be  most  grateful  for 
evidence  on  the  subject  as  I  am  anxious  that 
the  next  edition  of  my  little  book  '  The 
Revival  of  Mothering  Sunday'  shall  be  as 
accurate  as  possible. 

CONSTANCE  PENSWICK  SMITH. 
6  Regent  Street,  Nottingham. 

VABIATIONS  IN  GBAY'S  '  ELEGY.'— In  The 
Periodical  for  February  of  this  year  a  fac- 
simile of  lines  73-84  in  the  Cambridge  MS. 
is  given.  Was  this  Gray's  original  or  first 
MS.  ?  According  to  Mason's  text  the 
variations  consist  of  the  use  of  capitals  in 
"Crowds,"  "Vale  of  Life,"  "  Tenour," 
"  Bones,"  "  Insult,"  "  Memorial,"  "Rhimes," 
"Sculpture,"  "Tribute,"  "Muse,"  "Place 
of  Fame,"  "  Epitaph,"  "  Text,"  and  "  Mora- 
list" ;  in  the  spelling  of  "  Tenour,"  "  S^ellt  " 
and  "  Rhimes  "  ;  in  the  use  of  "  Epitaph  "  in 


250 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.vin.MABCH26fio2i. 


lieu  of  "  Elegy,"  and  in  the  punctuation. 
Mason  does  not  refer  to  these  variations  in 
his  "  Notes,"  but  states  in  his  preliminary 
"  Advertisement "  that  his  text  is  "  given 
exactly  as  the  author  left  it  in  the  London 
and  Glasgow  editions."  Which  is  the  textus 
receptud,  Mason's  or  the  Cambridge  MS.  ? 
J.  B.  McGovERN. 

"  A  LIVERPOOL  GENTLEMAN  AND  A  MAN- 
CHESTER MAN." — What  are  the  origin  and 
meaning  of  this  well-known  saying  ?  As 
for  the  latter  expression  I  found  the  follow- 
ing in  a  pamphlet  entitled  '  The  Complaint 
of  Lieut. -Col.  John  Rosworm  against  the 
Inhabitants  of  Manchester  relative  to  the 
Siege  of  Manchester  in  1642,'  Manchester, 
1822,  pp.  84-5  :— 

"  I  must  needs  say,  I  could  with  more  ease 
have  sold  them,  man,  woman,  and  child,  with  all 
they  had  into  their  enemies'  hands,  than  at  any 
time  I  could  have  preserved  them ;  but,  alas , 
I  should  then  have  been  '  a  Manchester  man,'  for 
never  let  an  unthankfull  man,  and  a  promise- 
.  breaker,  have  another  name." 

Does  this  imply  that  "  a  Manchester  man  " 
is  synonymous  with  "  an  unthankfull  man 
and  a  promise  breaker  "  ?  If  so  why  "  a 
Liverpool  gentleman"  ?  I  am  interested  in 
this  matter,  being  the  first  by  birth  and  the 
second  by  long  residence. 

J.  B.  MCGOVERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

THE  LORD'S  PRAYER  IN  THE  GIPSY  OR 
.ROMANY  LANGUAGE. — Where  can  I  find  a 
copy  of  this  ?  I.  F.  , 

OLD  SONG  WANTED. — I  have  distant 
remembrances  of  a  departed  mother  often 
singing  part  of  a  song  I  would  like  to  know 
more  of.  It  included  : — 

And  Mary  she  came  weeping, 
And  Mary  she  came  weeping, 
To  find  her  Blessed  Lord. 
A    friend    learned   in    such   matters  ^tells 
me  that  he  has  heard  it  years  ago,  in"  the 
North  of  Ireland,  and  that  it  is  very  ancient. 
My  mother  was  an  Englishwoman,  and  never 
out  of  this  country.     I  have  no  knowledge 
where  she  picked  up  the  tune  and  words, 
but  I  have  been  told  they   still   linger   in 
Northumberland  and  Durham.     J.  W.  F. 

THE  ROMAN  NUMERAL  ALPHABET. — I 
know  the  Greek  numeral  alphabet ;  and 
shall  be  much  obliged  if  any  learned  corre- 
spondent will  kindly  give  me  the  Latin 
numeral  alphabet — the  value  of  each  letter 
in  figures — as  generally  accepted. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

St.  Margaret's,  Malvern. 


LEG  OF  MUTTON  CLUBS. — These  clubs 
nourished  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries. 

I  want  to  find  out  all  about  one  which 
was  founded  by  members  of  the  House  of 
Commons  who  met  at  Bellamy's.  Perhaps 
some  of  the  companionship  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can 
help  me  ?  WILLIAM  BULL. 

House  of  Commons. 

THOMAS  FULLER  OF  AMSTERDAM. — Can 
any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give  par- 
ticulars of  the  ancestry  of  Thomas  Fuller, 
merchant  of  Amsterdam  or  the  name  of  his 
wife,  by  whom  he  had  : — 

(1)  Henry  Fuller,  born  at  Amsterdam  in 
1616,  and  (2)  Abraham  Fuller,  born  1622  ; 
came  to  Ireland  1651, 

He  was  ancestor  of  Sir  Ernest  Henry 
Shackleton,  the  Antarctic  explorer. 

WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  co.  Down. 

TAVERN  SIGN  :  CASTLE  AND  WHEEL- 
BARROW.— In  the  hamlet  of  Radford,  near 
Inkberrow,  Worcestershire,  is  an  old  inn 
having  the  name  of  The  Castle  and  Wheel- 
barrow. I  have  seen  a  sketch  of  the 
original  sign,  which  shows  a  castle  turret  in 
a  wheelbarrow.  I  should  be  grateful  for 
any  information,  or  reference  to  books, 
which  would  give  me  the  orgin  of  its  name. 

C.  H.  Y. 

JAMES  PEAKE,  WORDSWORTH'S  SCHOOL- 
MASTER. --  When  Wordsworth  entered 
Hawkshead  Grammar  School,  North  Lan- 
cashire, the  head  master  was  the  Rev.  James 
Peake,  M.A.  (Cantab.,  but  query  his  college). 
He  left  Hawkshead  in  1781,  and  afterwards, 
it  is  said,  became  Vicar  of  Rowsley,  Derby- 
shire, but  this  I  have  been  unable  to  con- 
firm. Can  any  one  give  any  particulars  of 
his  later  career  ?  H.  F.  WILSON. 

66  Louis  Street,  Hull. 

WILLIAM  TOONE. — What  is  known  of  this 
man  ?  The  second  edition  of  '  A  Glossary 
and  Etymological  Dictionary  of  Obsolete 
and  Uncommon  Words ;  with  Notices  of 
Ancient  Customs,'  by  him  appeared  in  1834, 
and  the  same  year  saw  the  publication  of 
the  third  edition  of  his  work  — 

"  The  chronological  historian ;  or  record  of 
public  events,  historical,  political,  biographical, 
literary,  domestic,  and  miscellaneous,  principally 
illustrative  of  the  ecclesiastical,  civil,  naval,  and 
military  history  of  Great  Britain,  and  its  depen- 
dencies, from  the  invasion  of  Julius  Caesar  to  the 
present  time  ;  in  two  volumes." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


12  a  vin.  MABCH  20,  1921.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


REPOSITORIES  OF  WILLS. — I  should  be 
;glad  to  know  the  several  places  where  wills 
•are  deposited  in  the  different  states  of 
Europe  and  in  the  United  States  of  America. 
Have  China  and  Japan  an  institution 
analogous  to  Somerset  House  ?  E.  R. 

.  PASTORINI'S  PROPHECY. — A  Colour -Ser- 
geant of  the  19th  Foot,  whose  diary  I  possess, 
when  serving  in  Ireland  in  1825  states  that 
it  was  circulated  through  the  country  that 
Protestantism  was  to  be  entirely  done  away 
.with.  This  belief,  he  states,  was  grounded  on 
Pastorini's  prophecy,  which  was  put  into 
1:he  hands  of  the  lower  orders  with  the 
priests'  explanation  of  it. 

Who  was  Pastorini,  and  what  was  the 
prophecy  above  referred  to  ? 

M.  L.  FERRAR,  -Major  (Retd.  Pay). 

Torwood,  Belfast. 

INFLUENCE  OF  CLIMATE. — Is  it  a  fact  that 
the  blood  of  Europeans  becomes  "  thin " 
•as  a  result  of  several  years'  residence  in  a 
hot  climate  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

*  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE  LIBRARY, 
.1731-1868 '  :  edited  by  G.  L.  Gomme, 
30  vols.,  1883-1902. — This  well-known  pub- 
lication deals  categorically  with  various 
items  comprised  in  the  original  Magazine, 
but  zoology  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
thus  treated.  I  once  wrote  to  the  editor 
asking  him  if  ornithological  extracts  had 
been  compiled  from  the  Magazine,  and  my 
recollection  is  that  he  replied  this  had  been 
done  in  manuscript  and  that  only  a  few  days 
before  receipt  of  my  letter  he  had  given  the 
manuscript  to  a  third  party.  If  a  manu- 
script catalogue  to  the  zoological  references 
In  The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  1731-1868,  is 
in  existence  I  should  be  much  interested  to 
know  its  present  owner  and  his,  or  her, 
address.  HUGH  S.  GLADSTONE. 

Capenoch.  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire. 

DEFOE  AND  AFRICA. — Wilfred  Whitten 
in  the  '  Westminster  Biographies '  (Kegan 
Paul  &  Co.),  under  'Daniel  Defoe,'  quotes 
from  a  paper  entitled  '  A  Recent  Discovery 
'in  Eastern  Africa  and  the  Adventures  of 
•Captain  Singleton  (Defoe) '  read  in  1863  by 
Dr.  Birdwood  before  the  Royal  Geographical 
Society,  and  says  :  "  He  showed  that  Defoe's 
geographical  insight  into  those  regions  had 
"been  remarkable." 

,  The  atlas  published  by  Abraham  Ortelius 
;at  Antwerp  in  1574,  of  which  a  copy  is  in 
my  possession,  shows,  on  the  map  of  Africa, 


though  not  in  their  right  places  always, 
many  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Nile,  Niger 
and  Congo,  and  of  the  great  lakes. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whether 
this  might  not  be  considered  to  be  the 
source  of  Defoe's  inspiration  ? 

CHAS.  E.  NAISH.  . 

THE     GALLIC     ERA  "  EIGHTY -EIGHT." — I 
wish  to  draw  upon  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  explana- 
tion of  an  allusion  in  Byron's    '  Vision  of 
Judgment.'     In  stanza  1,  he  says: — 
But  since  the  Gallic  era  "  eighty- eight," 

The  Devils  had  ta'en  a  longer,  stronger  pull. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  reference  to 
the  "  Gallic  era "  ?  The  Bastille  did  not 
fall  until  1789.  HENRY  LEFFMANN, 

ASMODEUS. — Emerson  in  his  works  al- 
luded at  least  thrice  to  the  Asm  o  dean  task 
of  weaving  ropes  of  sand.  Conway's  '  De 
'  Demonology '  has  copious  references  to 
Asmodeus  as  a  favourite  name  in  the 
literature  of  the  world,  but  does  not  connect 
him  with  the  Emersonian  feat.  Has  any 
other  author  used  this  name  in  the  same 
way  ?  THOMAS  FLINT. 

CAPT.  CHARLES  MORRIS. — Thackeray,  in 
his  '  Essay  on  George  IV.'  (at  p.  109  of  the 
Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  edition  of  1869)  after 
misquoting  sadly  a  few  of  Capt.  Charles 
Morris's  lines,  says  of  him  : — 

"  This  delightful  boon  companion  of  the 
Prince's  found  a  reason  fair  to  forego  filling  and 
drinking,  saw  the  error  of  his  ways,  gave  up  the 
bowl  and  chorus  and  died  religious  and  retired." 

Capt.  Morris's  'Lyra  Urbanica '  contains 
verses  written  by  him  '  On  the  Verge  of 
Ninety  Years,'  in  which  he  praises  the 
"  bowl,"  and  says  :— 

I  am  cheered  by  the  drop  that  I  lift. 
He  died  at  ninety-three. 

I  shall  be  pleased  to  know  what  founda- 
tion, if  any,  there  is  for  Thackeray's  state- 
ment. It  seems  possible  that  he  may  have 
been  as  careless  in  this  as  he  was  in  his 
quotations.  CHARLES  E.  STRATTON. 

70  State  Street,  Boston. 

SIR  THOMAS  GREENE. — I  should  like  to 
have  the  date  of  death  of  Sir  Thomas 
Greene,  whose  daughter  Elizabeth  married 
Sir  William  Raleigh  of  Farnborough. 

C.  B.  A. 

MONTHLY  PERIODICAL,  '  PENNY  POST.' — 
Who  was  founder  and  editor  of  this  Church 
publication  ?  When  was  it  started  and 
when  did  it  cease  to  appear  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MARCH  20, 1021. 


TERCENTENARY   HANDLIST   OF 
NEWSPAPERS. 

»       (12  S.  viii.  38,  91,  173;  see  vii.  480.) 

I  AM  now  able  further  to  supplement  and 
annotate  Mr.  J.  G.  Muddiman's  'Handlist' 
by  comparison  with  the  '  Henry  Se.ll '  News- 
paper Collection.  This  valuable  collection, 
which  comprises  nearly  a  thousand  papers, 
ranging  from  newsbooks  of  1626  to  mid- 
nineteenth-century  journals  of  varying 
interest,  was  made  by  the  late  Mr.  Henry 
Sell,  and  is  probably  one  of  the  most  repre- 
sentative collections  now  in  private  hands. 
I  am  greatly  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  the 
present  owners,  Messrs.  Sells,  Ltd.,  of  Fleet 
Street,  for  the  opportunity  of  consulting  it. 

It  will  be  seen  that  it  makes  substantial 
additions  to  the  *  Handlist,'  and  that  its 
contents  also  ante  -date  or  post-date  many 
papers  already  included. 

The  numbering  quoted — see,  especially, 
Adams's  Weekly  Courant  and  The  British 
Oracle  —  forms,  when  compared  with  the 
numbering  given  in  the  'Handlist,'  an  in- 
teresting object-lesson  as  to  the  absolute 
unreliability  of  early  eighteenth  -  century 
numbering,  particularly  that  of  the  pro- 
vincial press,  and  shows  how  unsound  is  the 
apparently  easy  method  of  arriving  at  a 
presumable  first  number  by  "counting  back" 
from  an  existing  one. 

PART  I. — LONDON. 
1680.     Advice  from  Parnassus.     No.  3,  Feb.  2-9. 

Printed  for  H.  L. 
1682.     The     Moderate     Intelligencer.     No.     33, 

Oct.  2-5.     Printed  for  R.  Robinson. 
1689.     A    Continuation    of    the    Proceedings    in 

Scotland.     No.  27,  June  4-8.    Printed 

for  Ric.  Chiswell. 
A  Continuation  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 

Parliament     in     Scotland.     No.     43, 

July  30-Aug.  3.     (Same  imprint.) 
1703.     The  Poetical  Observator.     Vol.  ii.,  No.  9, 

Jan,   9-12.     Printed  by  D.   Edwards 
1711.     The  Supplement.     No.   679,  Feb.    11-13. 

Printed  for  John  Morphew. 
1718.     The    Critick.     No.    4,    Feb.    10.     Printed 

for  W.  Hinchliffe. 
1722.     The  Trifler.     By  Timothy  Scribble,  Esq. 

No.  6,  Nov.  28.     Printed  for  J.  Peele. 
1725.     The   Protestant   Intelligence,   with    News 

Foreign  and  Domestick.     By  a  Society 

of  Gentlemen.     Nos.  21-23,  Feb.  13-27 

1782.  Parker's   General   Advertiser.     No.    1789, 

July  23. 

1783.  The  Old  British  Spy,  and  London  Weekly 

Journal.     No.     2255,    Dec.    28,    '82- 
Jan.  4. 


1788.  The  World.  No.  591,  Nov.  20.  And! 
No.  1027,  Apr.  19,  1790.  Printed  by 
R.  Bostock. 

1799.  The    Express    and    the    London    Herald.. 

No.  1324,  Aug.  27-29.  Printed  by 
T.  Smith. 

1800.  The     Albion     and     Evening     Advertiser. 

No.  106,  Jan.  9. 

1810.  The  Instructor.  No.  129,  Feb.  21.. 
Printed  by  W.  Walter  &  Co. 

1814.  The  County  Herald.     No.  1186,  Apr.  16.- 

Printed  bv  John  Wheble. 

1815.  The  Day.     No.   2057,   Apr.   20.     Printed, 

by  T.  Harvey. 
1832.     The  Devil  in  London.     No.    1,  Feb.   29.. 

Printed  by  J.  Tomlinson. 
1841.     Peeping  Tom.     No.  2,  Apr.  10.      Printed; 

by  J.  Duncombe  &  Co. 
1850.     The    Comic    Times.     No.    1-2,    Aug.    31,. 

Sept.  7.     Printed  by  Joseph  Dale. 
1862.     The     London     Daily     Mercury.     No.     7, 

May  30.     Printed  by  Evelyn  Nugent. 
1870.     The  Morning  Latest  News.     No.  1,  May  30.. 

Printed  by  George  Maddick. 
1872.     The   Tichborne   News.     No.    1,   June   15.. 

Printed  for  George  Gilbert  by  Booth 

and  Tyson. 
1886.     The    Dynamiter.     A    record    of    literary 

bombshells.     No.     1,     Sept.     Printed 

by  Thos.  Shore,  Junr. 

PART  II. — PROVINCIAL. 
1725.     The  .Maidstone    Mercury.     No.    6,    Mar. 

18-22. 
1792.     The      Coventry     Mercury.        No.      2728, 

Apr.  16.     And  No.  3750,  Dec.  26, 1814. 
The   Bath4 Register  and  Western  Adver- 
tiser.    No.  15,  June  9. 
1794.     The     Loyal     Intelligencer,     or     Lincoln, 

Rutland,    Leicester,    Cambridge    and. 

Stamford  Advertiser.     No.  65,  June  10 

(Stamford.) 
1809.     The   Stamford   and   Boston   Gazette   and:< 

Midland     Counties     Argus.     No.     25,. 

Oct.   17. 

1830.  The    North    Devon    Journal.     Vol.    vii.,. 

No.  329,  Oct.  14.     (Barnstaple.) 

1831.  The  Kent  and  Essex  Mercury.      No.  476,. 

Dec.  6. 

NOTES. 
Page  of  Handlist. 

20  (1)     A  Continuation  of  the  True  Diurnall  of 

Passages  in  Parliament.  No.  3, 
Jan.  24-31,  1642. 

21  (1)     Speciall  Passages  and  certain  informa- 

tions from  severall  places.  No.  5,. 
Sept.  6-13,  1642.  And  No.  12, 
Oct.  25-Nov.  1,  1642. 

82  (1)     The  True  Protestant  Mercury.     No.  2,. 
Jan.  10,  1689. 

32  (2)     Momus  Ridens.     No.  15,  Feb.  4,  1691. 

33  (1)     Account  of  the  Publick  transactions  in 

Christendom.  Later  The  Post-Man, 
No.  2099,  Feb.  16-19,  1712. 

33  (2)     The  Flying  Post.     No.  4622,  Sept.  13-15,. 
1722. 

40  (1)     The-Daily  Post-Boy.     No.  6153,  Oct.  26, 

1728. 

41  (1)     London  Daily  Post  and  General  Adver- 

tiser.    No.  352,  Dec.  18,  1735. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


253 


Page  of  Handlist. 

41  (2)  The     National     Journal ;     or,     Country 

Gazette.      No.  9,  Apr.  10,  1746.     And 
No.  16,  Apr.  26,  1746. 

42  (1)     The     London     Gazetteer.       No.      195, 

July  14,  1749. 

43  (1)     Owen's    Weekly    Chronicle.     No.     419, 

Mar.  29-Apr.  5,  1766. 
46  (1)     The      English    Chronicle.      No.      3240, 

Feb.  22-26,  1800. 

46  (2)     The  Argus.     No.  756,  Aug.  9,  1791. 
46  (2)     The  Oracle,     No.  646,  June  23,  1791. 
46  (2)     The    Diary;    or,    Woodfall's    Register. 

No.  73,  June  22,  1789. 

46  (2)     The     Craftsman ;     or,     Gay's     Weekly 

Journal.     No.    1436,    May    12,    1787. 
And  No.  2498,  June  16,  1810. 

47  (2)     The  Telegraph.     No.  240,  Oct.  5,  1795. 

48  (1)     The  Sun.     No.  565,  July  21,  1794. 

52  (1)     The  Traveller.     No.  3575,  Sept.  23, 1811. 
52  (2)     The  Hue  and  Cry  and  Police  Gazette. 

No.  266,  Oct.  11,  1806. 
219  (1)     Adams's    Weekly    Courant.     No.    241, 

June  22-29,  1737.     No.  2340,  July  6, 

1 V  oT« 

219  (1)    Bristol  Oracle  and  Country  Intelligencer. 

Vol.   i.,   No.   4,  Feb.   19,   1742.     And 
Vol.  iii.  No.  7,  June  27,  1747. 

220  (2)     Leeds   Mercury.     No.    1096,    Vol.    xxi., 

Feb.  12,  1788. 
221(1)     York  Courant.     No.  3015,  June  24, 1783. 

221  (1)     York  Herald,     No.  79,  July,  2  1791. 

221  (2)  Wheeler's  Manchester  Guardian.  Pre- 
ceded by  (apparently)  Wheeler's  Man- 
chester Chronicle.  No.  573,  June  30, 
1792. 

221  (2)  Kentish  Herald.  No.  1.  Preceded  by 
(apparently)  Kentish  Herald  and 
Canterbury  and  Rochester  Advertiser. 
No.  18,  Nov.  10,  1792. 

223  (2)     Flindell's   Western  Luminary.     Vol.   ii. 

No.  87,  Nov.  1,  1814. 

224  (2)     Macclesfield  Courier.     No.  297,  Vol.  v., 

July  13,  1816. 

NORAH  RICHARDSON. 


NUNS  AND  DANCING  (12  S.  viii.  188).— 
The  following  are  more  texts  and  references 
with  regard  to  the  above  matter  : — 

"  Durant  1'ann^e  1509,  une  troupe  de  jeunes 
gens  se  rendait  regulierement,  chaque  soir,  dans 
un  des  couvents  de  la  ville  pour  y  danser  avec 
les  nonnes  au  son  des  fifres  et  des  trompes  " 
(P.  G.  Mohnenti,  '  La  storia  di  Venezia  nella 
vita  privata,'  Torino,  1880,  p.  416). 

Aldhelm  of  Sherborne  wrote  to  Haeddi, 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  to  express  his 
regret  that  he  could  not  get  there  for  Christ- 
mas and  dance  with  the  brethren,  if  one  can 
read  tripudiare,  in  the  following  quotation, 
as  meaning  the  actual  art  of  dancing  and 
not  the  figurative  sense  : — 

"  Fateor me  dudum  decrevisse. . .  .vicinam 

optati  Natalia  Domini  Rolemnitatem  ibidem  in 
consortio  fratrum  tripudians  celebrare,  et  post- 
modum  vita  comite  vestra  charitatis  affabili 
praesentia  frui  "  (Migne,  P.  L.  Ixxxix.  95). 


With  regard  to  dances  executed  by  friars 
in  the  time  of  Wyclif,  see  '  English  Works  of 
Wyclif  hitherto  Imprinted '  (E.E.T.S.,  ^1880 
i.  9).  and  to  dances  executed  by  canons<and 
other  ecclesiastics  on  certain  festivals, \see- 
L.  Gougaud's  '  Danse  dans  les  eglises ' 
(Revue  d'histoire  ecclesiastigue,  1914,  xv.. 
pp.  234-237).  G.  C.  BATEMAN. 

CRUCIFIXION  IN  ART  :  THE  SPEAR  WOUND- 
(12  S.  vi.  314;  vii.  11,  97,  132,  173,  218). — 
An  article  entitled  '  Le  Coeur  vulnere  du 
Sauveur  dans  la  piete,  1'iconographie  et  la- 
liturgie '  has  just  been  published  by  Dom 
Louis  Gougaud,  O.S.B.,  in  'La  Vie  et  les 
Arts  liturgiques  '  (March,  1921,  pp.  198-209). 
The  first  part  is  devoted  to  a  close  examina- 
tion of  the  various  traditions,  patristical,. 
liturgical,  symbolical  and  others,  which  have 
caused  artists  to  shew  the  spear  wound  in 
the  right  side  of  their  representations  of  the 
Crucified  .Saviour.  G.  C.  BATEMAN. 

SIR  JOHN  WOOD,  TREASURER  (12  Sa. 
viii.  206). — I  find  that  in  the  notes  under 
the  above  heading  I  have  blazoned  in- 
correctly the  arms  of  Wood,  as  quartered  by 
Dawtrey.  According  to  the  'Visitation  of 
Sussex'  (Hari.  Soc.,  vol.  liii.,  "Dawtrey"),. 
they  should  be  read  as  "  Azure,  three  doves 
argent,  beaks  and  legs  gules  :  Wood." 
I  should  be  glad  if  you  could  spare  a  corner 
for  this  emendation.  F.  L.  WOOD. 

BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.  208). — 
The  following  lines  are  printed  on  a  book- 
plate in  a  book  I  bought  second-hand  last 
year  : — 

Who  folds  a  leafe  downe  ye  divel  toaste  browne,. 
Who  makes  marke  or  blotte  ye  divel  roaste  hot,. 
Who  stealeth  thisse  boke  ye  divel  shall  cooke. 
A.  R.  WALLER. 

University  Press,  Cambridge. 

In  reference  to  the  lines  commencing: 
"If  thou  art  borrow' d  by  a  friend," 
ascribed  by  MR.  McGovERN  to  the  pea  of" 
Benjamin  Bury,  of  Accrington  :  in  a  corre- 
spondence on  the  same  subject  in  The 
Connoisseur,  vol.  Ivi.  p.  182,  their  authorship 
is  claimed  for  Henrv  Dennett  Cole,  of  Caris- 
brooke  (1797-1854). 

An  interesting  series  of  notes  on  '  Old/ 
Fly-leaf  Inscriptions '  appeared  in  vols.  liv.. 
Ivi.,  and  Iviii.  of  the  same  periodical. 

BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

A  very  informative  article  by  the  late 
J.  T.  Page  entitled  '  Book  Rhymes  and 
Inscriptions '  will  be  found  in  The  Warwick 
Times,  Apr.  14,  1917.  J.  ARDAGH. 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  S.VIIL  MARCH  26, 1921, 


Richard  Heber  would  seem  to  have 
specially  provided  for  the  necessities  of 
book-borrowers,  for  (quoting  from  the 
*  Dictionary  of  National  Biography ' )  he 
"  was  unusually  generous  in  lending  his 
treasures,"  and  had  a  saying — a  very 
excellent  one,  and  quite  becoming  "Heber 
the  magnificent,"  as  Sir  Walter  Scott 
termed  him,  and  who  described  his  library 
;and  cellar  as  "so  superior  to  all  others  in 
the  world" — that  "No  gentleman  can  be 
without  three  copies  of  a  book,  '  one  for 
:show,  one  for  use,  and  one  for  borrowers.'  " 
R.  Y.  PICKERING. 

Conheath,  Dumfriesshire. 

MB.  McGovERN  may  care  to  add  to  his 
^collection  of  warnings  to  book-lifters  the 
following  couplet  which  I  inscribed  on  my 
bookplate  many  years  ago  : — 

Purcifer  i  procul  hinc  libros  qui  surripis  1  inquam  ; 
13ed  mihi  tutanti  qui  legis  usque  places. 

Latin  being  no  longer,  as  it  ought  to  be, 
•the   universal    language,    the    notice    might 
have  had  more  practical  effect  in  the  ver- 
nacular, thus — 

.Avaunt !  ye  graceless,  nor  purloin  this  tome  ; 
Head  it — you're  welcome  ;    but  return  it  home. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Monreith. 

Here  is  a  bookplate  which  I  have  care- 
fully removed  from  a  book  in  my  possession 
— the  date  is  1844 — but  there  is  no  name 
written  in  the  book,  only  initials,  which 
appear  to  be  B.  H.  I  don't  think  they  could 
possibly  be  B.  B.  You  will  see  the  wording 
of  the  verses  differs  slightly  from  that  given 
by  MR.  McGovERN.  I  wonder  what  au- 
thority that  gentleman  has  for  his  statement 
that  Benjamin  Bury  was  the  author  of  the 
Jines. 

TO  MY  BOOK.  ' 

Shoulds't  thou  be  borrowed  by  a  friend, 
•       Bight  Welcome  shall  he  be 
To  read,  to  copy — not  to  lend, 
But  to  return  to  me. 

JNot  that  imparted  knowledge  doth 

Diminish  Learning's  store  ; 
But  Books,  I  find,  if  often  lent, 
Return  to  me  no  more. 


COURTEOUS    READER. 

Bead  slowly,  pause  frequently,  think 

seriously,  return  duly, 
With  the  corners  of  the  leaves 
not  turned  down. 

W.    COURTHOPE    FORMAN. 
'Compton  Down,  Compton,  near  Winchester. 


In  my  note  at  this  reference  I  had  ob- 
served that  "  a  collection  of  such  literary 
trifles  would  form  an  interesting  volume," 
but  was  not  then  aware  that  ample  materials 
for,  at  least  the  commencement,  of  such  a 
volume  were  enshrined  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  under 
the  title  'Inscriptions  in  Books'  at  the 
following  references  :  1  S.  vi.  32  ;  vii.  127, 
221,  337,  488,  544  ;  ix.  122  ;  x.  309  ;  xii.  243. 
I  will,  if  I  may,  content  myself  with  two 
additions  to  the  warnings  already  contributed 
to  these  pages,  one,  I  understand  in  vogiie 
amongst  boys  at  Rugby,  the  other,  more 
philosophical, used,  I  presume,  by  French 
school-boys  : — 

Small  is  the  wren,  black  is  the  rook, 
Great  is  the  sinner  that  steals  this  book, 

and 

Tel  est  le  triste  sort  de  tout  liyre  prete, 
Souvenb  il  est  perdu,  toujours  il  est  gate. 

J.    B.    MCGOVERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Bectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

Scrawled,  over  sixty  years  ago,  in  a 
school-book  of  mine,  I  find  the  following  : — • 

Steal  not  this  book  for  fear  of  shame, 

For  in  it  is  the  owner's  name, 

And  if  you  steal  this  book  away 
[Here    comes    regardless    of    rime,    the    terrible 
threat  of  chastisement.] 

You  will  get  a  jolly  good  licking. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

'  HlNCHBRIDGE  HAUNTED  '  (12  S.  Vlii.  211). 

— George  C apples  was  author  of  this  work, 
and  also  of  '  Green  Hand '  and  '  Two 
Frigates.'  J-  B. 

PLEES  FAMILY  (12  S.  viii.  211).— The 
place  mentioned  in  the  second  paragraph 
of  this  query  should  be  Chicacole.  It  is  an 
old  military  station  in  the  Northern  Circars 
of  the  Presidency  of  Madras. 

FRANK  PENNY. 

COBBOLD  FAMILY  (12  S.  viii.  211).— John 
Cobbold  of  The  Cliff,  Ipswich  (1746-1835) 
married  twice.  By  his  first  wife  Elizabeth 
Wilkinson  he  had  sixteen  children.  The 
eldest  of  these  was  the  forefather  of  the 
family  at  Holywells.  By  his  second  wife 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert  Knipe  of 
Liverpool  and  widow  of  William  Clarke  of 
Ipswich,  he  had  seven  children.  The  second 
child  of  the  second  family  Charles  (1793- 
1859)  married  Anne  Roe  of  Rose  Hill, 
Ipswich.  In  1841  he  became  honorary 
Superintendent  of  the  Botanical  Gardens 
at  Edinburgh.  His  eldest  son,  who  was  in 
the  East  India  Company's  Service,  died 


12  s.  VIIL  MARCH  26, 1921.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


unmarried  in  1837.  The  second  son  Alan 
Brooksby  married  and  left  two  sons.  Of 
these  Ralph  Alan,  who  was  in  the  K.O.S.B., 
died  unmarried  in  1907  ;  the  other  Charles 
Augustus  married  in  1896.  The  second 
family  of  John  Cobbold  were  half-brothers 
€«id  sisters  to  the  first  family.  Their 
descendants  are  half-cousins  of  various 

PENNY. 


COL.  OWEN  HOWE  (12  S.  viii.  109,  156).— 
The  following  may  be  of. interest  to  TRIUMVIR  : 
'The  Colonel  was  originally  a  mercer  in 
-London.  He  was  made  lieutenant-colonel 
<by  Cromwell,  and  a  full  colonel  by  the 
Rump  Parliament  with  a  grant  of  5,OOOZ. 
"for  purchase  of  arms,  "  which  I  think,"  says 
Antony  a  Wood,  "  was  never  after  ac- 
•compted  for."  He  had  influence  enough 
with  Oliver  to  eject  the  lawful  vciar  of 
Stotfold,  in  order  to  make  way  for  his  son 
•Samuel,  who  was  evidently  ancestor  of 
•another  Samuel  Roe  who  was  vicar  of  the 
same  parish  from  1754  to  1780,  and  was, 
I  take  it,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Roe,  vicar  of 
Stotfold,  Beds^who  proposed  a  remedy  for 
dissent  which,  though  it  was  not  tested, 
deserves  to  be  recorded  : — 

"  I  humbly  propose, "he  says,  "  to  the  Legisla- 
tive powers,  when  it  shall  seem  meet,  to  make  an 
example  of  tabernacle  preachers,  by  enacting  a 
law  to  cut  out  their  tongues,  as  well  as  the 
•tongues  of  all  field  preachers,  and  others  who 
preach  in  houses,  barns,  or  elsewhere,  without 
apostolic  ordination  or  legal  authority." 

It  is  strange  how  such  a  doughty  cham- 
pion of  orthodoxy  should  have  sprung  from 
so  tainted  a  stock.  This  branch  of  the  Roe 
or  Rowe  family  seems  to  have  taken  root  at 
'Stotfold,  and  flourished.  Probably  there 
^are  descendants  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  still 
to  be  found  there  ;  one  of  them,  in  the  last 
•century  was,  by  his  will,  a  great  benefactor 
ito  the  parish.  J.  F.  F. 

"DEATH  AS  FRIEND"  (12  S.  viii.  191, 
•234). — This  picture  is  one  of  a  pair  exhibited 
in  the  Academy  at  Dresden.  The  one,  '  Der 
Tod  als  Freund,'  was  engraved  by  J.  Jung- 
tow  ;  the  other,  '  Der  Tod  als  Erwiirger,'  by 
tSteinbrecher  in  1851  and  published  by 
.Ed.  Schulte  at  J.  Budden's  Printshop  in 
Diisseldorf.  The  engravings  carry  the 
monogram  of  the  artist,  A.  R.  The  com- 
panion picture  '  Death  as  a  Destroyer ' 
(literally  a  strangler)  represents  the  first 
;appearance  of  the  cholera  in  1831  at  a 
ilbal  masque  in  Paris.  In  the  centre,  Death 
in  a  cowl  with  mask  hanging  from  the 
left  arm  is  in  the  attitude  of  dancing, 


producing  his  own.  musical  accompaniment 
with  a  human  femur  as  violin  and  fibula  as 
bow.  In  the  foreground  lie  three  of  the 
dancers  dead,  the  remainder  flee  in  terror 
from  the  hall  as  also  do  the  musicians  from 
their  gallery.  On  some  steps  sits  Cholera, 
a  draped  figure  with  set  face,  holding  in  her 
hand  a  scourge.  RORY  FLETCHER. 

THE  COFFIN-MOUSE  (12  S.  viii.  212).— 
The  passage  of  Plutarch  (  '  Vit.  Marcelli,' 
cap.  5  sub  fin.  Teubner  ed.)  is  :  — 

"  M.LVOVJJLIOV     8e    StKOLTOpOS     iTTTTap^OV     O,TTo8f.i- 

£ai/TOS  Fai'ov  ^Aajutvtoi',  cVet  Tptayxos  r)Kov<r6rj 
JJLVOS,-  ov  (ropiKa  KaAoucrii'. 

TOVTQVS  CtvOlS  €T€pO 

[Didot  Edition,  vol.  i..  p.  358,  has  MLVVKLOV.  .  .  . 


"  And  when  Minucius  as  dictator  had  appointed 
C.  Flaminius  Master  of  the  Horse,  when  the 
squeaking  of  a  mouse,  which  they  call  sorex,  was 
heard,  they  deposed  these  men  and  forthwith 
appointed  others.  " 

Sorex  is  the  Latin  word  for  a  shrew- 
mouse.  Plutarch  is  simply  transliterating 
this  into  Greek  ;  there  is  no  allusion  to  cro/oo? 
a  coffin,  and  L.  and  Sc.  (1883)  do  not  recog- 
nize a  word  O-O/CHKOS  or  (ropt£  at  all. 

That  the  squeak  of  a  mouse  was  of  ill 
omen  is  shown  by  Plin.  '  Nat.  Hist.'  8,  57, 
82,  §223  :  "  Soricum  occentu  dirimi  auspicia 
annales  refertos  habemus."  Val.  Max. 
1,  1,  §5  :  "  occentus  soricis  auditus  Fabio 
Maximo  dictaturam,  C.  Flaminio  magis- 
terium  equitum  deponendi  causam  praebuit  '* 
refers  to  Plutarch's  instance.  Ter  Eun, 
5,  6,  23  has  "  egomet  meo  indicio  miser 
quasi  sorex  hodie  perii." 

Why  Langhorne  should  translate  "  the 
squeaking  of  a  rat  "  (omitting  Pliny's 
parenthesis),  I  do  not  know.  The  Greek 
word  vpa£  (Nicander,  '  Alexipharrriaca,  37) 
is  evidently  equivalent  to  sorex,  and  is 
rendered  "  shrew-mouse  "  by  L.  and  Sc. 
H.  K.  ST.  J.  S.  • 

MR.  HUTCHISON  does  not  tell  us  from  what 
translation  of  Plutarch  he  quotes,  but  any- 
how the  coffin-mouse  never  had  any  ex- 
istence. Plutarch  wrote  (ut  supta). 

Now  o-opig  is  a  word  not  recognized  by 
Liddell  and  Scott.  It  is  in  fact  a  trans- 
literation into  Greek  characters  of  the 
Latin  sorex,  a  shrew-mouse,  whose  noise 
was  of  ill  omen  as  is  noted  in  many  places 
by  Pliny  and  also  by  Valerius  Maximus. 
The  word  sorex  is  akin  to  the  Greek  fy>a£» 
meaning  the  same  things,  both  words  being 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  s.  vm.  MAKCH  so,  1021 


apparently  derived  from  the  Sanskrit  root 
svar,  from  which  susurrus  and  sonus  also 
are  said  to  take  their  origin. 

The  word  certainly  has  nothing  to  do 
with  o-o/oos  a  coffin.  The  Langhornes  in 
their  translation  change  the  shrew-mouse 
into  a  rat.  By  tWapxos  Plutarch  means 
Magister  Equitum.  In  Dr.  Dickson's  trans- 
lation of  Mommsen's  'History  of  Rome' 
(1888),  vol.  i.  pp.  262-3,  may  be  read  :— 

"  In  the  election  of  dictator  the  community 
bore  no  part  at  all  ;  his  nomination  proceeded 
solely  from  one  of  the  consuls  for  the  time  being. 
There  lay  no  appeal  from  his  sentences  any  more 
than  from  those  of  the  king  unless  he  chose  to 
allow  it.  As  soon  as  he  was  nominated,  all  the 
other  magistrates  became  legally  powerless  and 
entirely  subject  to  his  authority.  To  him  as  to 
the  king  was  assigned  a  '  master  of  the  horse  '  ; 
and  as  the  nomination  of  a  dictator  took  place 
primarily  and  mainly  on  occasions  when  internal 
troubles  or  danger  from  war  necessitated  the  call- 
ing out  of  the  burgess-force,  the  nomination  of  a 
master  of  the  horse  formed  as  it  were  a  constitu- 
tional accompaniment  to  that  of  dictator." 

The  dictator  himself  nominated  his 
"majister  equitum,"  but  could  not  dismiss 
him,  and  the  latter  held  office  for  the  same 
period  as  the  former.  There  was  probably 
no  definite  ceremony  at  the  nomination  of 
either  of  these  extraordinary  magistrates. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

GIUSEPPE  PARINI  (12  S.  viii.  191). — This 
famous  Italian  poet  was  born  in  1729  not 
far  from  Lake  Como.  The  son  of  a  peasant 
he  became  a  priest,  partly  to  please  his 
father  and  partly  because  it  was  only  in  this 
way  that  he  could  hope  to  dedicate  his  life 
to  literature.  But  his  real  vocation  was  for 
teaching  and  guiding  the  young ;  hence,  for 
many  years  he  was  occupied  as  a  tutor  in 
some  of  the  best  families  in  Lombardy. 
Lombardy  was  at  that  time  under  Austrian 
rule,  which  was  kindly,  but  as  the  Italian 
aristocracy  was  shut  out  from  political  life, 
it  gave  itself  up  to  erotic  exploits,  pageants 
and  social  frivolities  :  sometimes  too  the 
desire  for  honours  induced  its  members  to 
cringe  before  the  Austrian  authorities. 
Parini,  who  had  excellent  opportunities  for 
observation,  published  satirical  poems, 
directed  against  the  vices  of  the  upper  class. 
In  1770  he  became  professor  of  literature  in 
the  Brera  Institute  at  Milan,  a  post  that  he 
held  till  his  death.  To  such  an  extent  did 
he  win  the  confidence  of  his  countrymen 
that  in  1796  when  Bonaparte  was  in  Lom- 
bardy he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
city  council,  and  'here  he  combated  the 
democratic  excesses  that  took  place  in  Milan, 


as  a  result  of  the  arrival  in  Italy  of  the- 
apostles  of  "liberty."  He  died  in  1799.. 
Upright  and  patriotic,  loving  poverty  and' 
simplicity  after  the  fashion  of  Horace  who> 
often  inspired  him,  he  has  been  ranked 
with  Dante,  Machiavelli  and  Alfieri  as  one- 
of  the  would-be  regenerators  of  Italy. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 
The  Author's  Club,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 

Both  this  man  and  Ugo  Foscolo  (not? 
Fossolo)  are  the  subjects  of  articles  in  '  The- 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  in  '  The  Every- 
man Encyclopaedia '  and  in  Samuel  Maun- 
der's  'Biographical  Treasury,'  and  the- 
latter  is  also  mentioned  in  Chambers' s 
'  Biographical  Dictionary.'  Parini  lived1 
1729-1799  and  Foscolo  1778-1827. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

DOMESTIC  HISTORY  OF  THE  NINETEENTH 
CENTURY  (12  S.  vii.  191,  216,  257,  295,  399y 
452  ;  viii.  17,  195). — In  the  series  of  letters 
from  William  Creech,  the  publisher,  and! 
Lord  Provost  of  Edinburgh  (called  by 
Burns  "  dictionar  and  grammar  amang- 
them  a'  "),  respecting  the"  Mode  of  Living,,- 
Arts,  Commerce,  Literature,  Manners,  &c,, 
of  Edinburgh  in  1763,  and  since  that  period," 
published  (in  1793)  as  an  appendix  to 
vol.  vi.  of  Sir  John  Sinclair's  '  Statistical 
Account  of  Scotland,'  otherwise  known  as 
'The  Old  Statistical  Account,'  are  the 
following  notices  of  afternoon  tea  : — 

"  In  1763. — It  was  the  fashion  for  gentlemen 
to  attend  the  drawing-rooms  of  the  ladies  in  the- 
afternoons,  to  drink  tea,  and  to  mix  in  the  society 
and  conversation  of  the  women." 

"  In  1783. — The  drawing-rooms  were  totally 
deserted  ;  invitations  to  tea  in  the  afternoon  were- 
given  up  j  and  the  only  opportunity  gentlemen- 
had  of  being  in  ladies'  company,  was  when  they 
happened  to  mess  together  at  dinner  or  supper  ; 
and  even  then,  an  impatience  was  sometimes 
shewn,  till  the  ladies  retired.  Card  parties,  after 
a  long  dinner  ; — and  also  after  a  late  supper  were 
frequent." 

The  above  extracts  illustrate  the  fact  that 
fashions  come  and  go. 

R.  Y.  PICKERING. 

Conheath,  Dumfriesshire. 

BYERLEY  OF  MIDRIDGE  GRANGE,  DURHAM 
(12  S.  vii.  471). — Anthony  Byerley  of  Mid- 
ridge  Grange,  co.  Durham,  born  in  or  about 
1620  ;  married  in  or  about  1650,  Anne,, 
daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Hutton,  of  Golds- 
borough,  Yorks,  by  whom  he  had  ten 
children,  all  living  Aug.  17,  1666,  when  he 
registered  his  pedigree  at  Dugdale's  'Visita- 
tion.' J.  W.  FAWCETT.. 

Templetown  House,  Consett. 


12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26, 1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


257 


MAUGHFLING  FAMILY  (12  S.  vii.  332). — 
Ambrose  Maughling  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne 
married  c.  1720-30,  Frances,  daughter  of 
^William  Crumlington,  gentleman,  of  New- 
'castle-on-Tyne,  by  his  wife,  Eleanor 
Blakiston.  They  were  both  dead  in  1763, 
in  which  year  was  living  their  only  son 
-George  Maughfling.  J.  W.  FAWCETT. 

Templetown  House,  Consett. 

INSCRIPTION  ON  CLARET  JUG  (12  S. 
viii.  211). — This  was  probably  sarcastic. 
John  Perceval,  the  second  Earl  of  Egmont, 
was  said  to  have  entertained  a  scheme  as  a 
young  man  of  making  himself  King  of  the 
Jews.  -See  Walpole's  '  Memoirs  of  the 
'Reign  of  George  II,'  i.  35  n. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

MERIDIANS  OF!LONDON  AND  OF  GREEN- 
WICH (12  S.  viii.'  209).— The  meridian  of 
London  is  found  first  on  Seller's  maps  (1676) 
and  continued  to  be  used  until  nearly  the 
-end  of  the  next  century.  It  was  only 
occasionally  located  as  going  through  St. 
PaulLs  Cathedral.  Greenwich  did  not  super- 
sede it  until  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
-century.  For  a  detailed  account  consult 
vSir  George  Fordham's  paper  on  the  '  Maps  of 
Hertfordshire '  ( Transactions  of  the  Herts. 
History  Society,  vol.  xi.  pt.  1,  October,  1901, 
p.  9). 

Apparently  Cory  was  the  first  to  use  the 
meridian  of  Greenwich  in  1794. 

H.  HANNEN. 

West  Farleigh. 

RICHARD  III.  (12  S.  viii.  169,  215).— W. 
"Toone,  in  '  The  Chronological  Historian ' 
(third  edn.,  1834),  vol.  i.  p.  110,  says  :— 

"  Richard  left  but  one  natural  son,  surnamed 
John  of  Gloucester,  a  minor,  whom  he  had 
^appointed  governor  of  Calais,  Guisnes,  and  all  the 
marches  of  Picardy,  and  a  natural  daughter, 
named  Catherine  Plantagenet,  who  died  young." 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

There  is  an  interesting  article  with  the 
above  title,  and  dealing  with  the  last  of  the 
Plantagenet  kings  and  his  natural  children, 
by  George  Munford  (of  East  Winch)  in 
'N.  &  Q.',  Dec.  18,  1852  (pp.  583-4).  His 
authorities  include  Peck's  'Desiderata 
'Guriosa,'  The  Gentleman's  Magazine 
(vol.  xxxvii.  pp.  344,  408,  and  vol.  Ixii. 
p.  1106):  Rymer's  *  Foedera '  (vol.  xii. 
p.  215);  Sandford's  'Genealogical  History' 
(p.  335,  edn.  1707)  ;  and  the  '  History  of  the 
"CJivil  Wars  between  York  and  Lancaster  : 
•comprehending  the  Lives  of  Edward  IV. 


and  his  Brother  Richard  III.,'  by  W. 
Whittingham,  of  Lynn  in  Norfolk  (London, 
Baldwin,  1792).  Another  correspondent, 
0.  H.  Cooper  (of  Cambridge)  in  the  issue  of 
Dec.  25,  1852,  pp.  615-16)  also  states  :— 

"  I  have  a  poem  by  Mr.  Hull  entitled  '  Richard 
Plantagenet,  a  Legendary  Tale,'  dedicated  to 
David  Garrick :  printed  at  London,  in  quarto, 
without  date,  and  containing  eighty-one  stanzas  ; 
and,  if  my  memory  serves  me,  a  novel  called 
The  Last  of  the  Plant  agenets  '  (founded  on  the 
story  or  legend  given  in  Peck's  work)  appeared 
about  twenty  years  ago." 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

"  COLLY  MY  Cow  "  (12  S.  viii.  190,  238).— 
The  following  explanation  is  taken  from  the 
'  English  Dialect  Dictionary  '  : — 

' '  Colly  :  -  a  term  of  endearment  for  a  cow . 
'  Goo  an'  fetch  the  collies  whoam.'  I  have  heard 
cows  called  by  the  words  '  Colly,  Colly,  Colly.' 

Sing,  oh,  poor  Colly,  Colly,  my  cow,' — Halliwell, 
'  Nursery  Rhymes  '  (1886),  86.] 

"Hence  Colley  -  strawker,  a  milker,  '  cow- 
stroker.'  [Cp.  Norw.  dial;  kolla,  a  cow  without 
horns,  frequently  used  as  an  element  in  the  names 
of  cows  (Aasen)  ;  O.N.  kolla,  a  cow,  also  a  deer 
without  horns.]" 

E.  B.  MILLER. 

William  Salt  Library,  Stafford. 

GASTON  DE  Foix  (12  S.  viii.  211). — The 
relationship  between  the  two  men  of  this 
name  is  given  in  the  Grand  Dictionnaire 
Larousse,  and,  better,  in  a  table  in  Betham's 
'Genealogical  Tables,'  1795.  If  J.  W.  H. 
wishes  I  should  be  happy  to  send  him  a 
copy  of  the  table.  DE  V.  PAYEN-PAYNE. 

49  Nevern  Square,  S.W.o. 

Catherine  de  Foix  who  married  Jea,n 
d'Albret  and  was  the  great-grandmother  of 
Henri  IV.  was  the  first  cousin  of  Gaston  de 
Foix  who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Ravenna. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Gaston,  son  of 
Gaston  IV.  Count  of  Foix  and  Eleonore, 
heiress  of  Navarre.  The  hero  of  Ravenna 
was  the  son  of  Jean,  a  younger  son  of 
Gaston  IV.  Their  relationship  to  Gaston  III. 
(1331-1391),  the  subject  of  G.  H.  Powell's 
'  A  Gascon  Tragedy '  in  '  Excursions  in 
Libraria,'  was  distant.  When  Gaston  III. 
died  childless,  King  Charles  VT.  granted  his 
fief  to  Mathieu,  comte  de  Castelbon.  On 
Mathieu's  death  in  1398  his  sister  Isabella 
succeeded.  She  was  the  wife  of  Archam- 
baud  de  Grailly,  and  their  grandson  was 
Gaston  IV.,  mentioned  above. 

As  for  the  connexion  of  Mathieu  with  the 
main  line  of  the  Counts  de  Foix,  the  state- 
ment in  '  L'Art  de  verifier  les  dates '  is  that 
he  was  "  arriere-petit-fils  "  of  Roger  I.,  and 


258 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES.  [  12  S.  VIII.  MARCH  26, 1921. 


this  is  repeated  in  more  than  one  book  of 
reference.  Roger  I.  died  about  the  middle 
of  the  eleventh  century,  so  that  Mathieu 
could  not  possibly  be  his  great-grandson  in 
the  literal  sense.  Is  Roger  I.  an  error  for 
Gaston  I.  ?  I  have  seen  the  latter  name 
substituted  in  a  MS.  note  in  one  copy  of 
'  L' Art  de  verifier  les  dates.' 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THACKERAY  QUERY  (12  S.  vii.  311,  493).— 
The  passage  asked  for  occurs  in  '  Vanity 
Fair,'  vol.  i.  chap,  xxxi.,  and  is  as  follows  : — 

"  So  Jos's  man  was  marking  his  victim  down, 
as  you  see  one  of  Mr.  Paynter's  assistants  in 
Leadenhall-street  ornament  an  unconscious  turtle 
with  a  placard  on  which  is  written,  '  Soup 
to-morrow.'  " 

The  query  was  omitted  from  the  index 
under  "  Thackeray."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"THE  EMPIRE"  (12  S.  viii.  191). — In 
Dr.  Henry  Gee's  '  Documents  Illustrative  of 
English  Church  History,'  Document  L. 
(The  Restraint  of  Appeals,  1533  :  Act  24, 
Henry  VIII.,  cap.  12)  commences  with  these 
words  : — 

"  Where  by  divers  sundry  old  authentic 
histories  and  chronicles,  it  is  manifestly  declared 
and  expressed  that  this  realm  of  England  is  an 
Empire,  and  so  hath  been  accepted  in  the  world, 
governed  by  one  supreme  head  and  king,  having 
the  dignity  and  royal  estate  of  the  imperial  crown 

of  the  same,  &c " 

W.  M.  CLAY. 

BIBLE  OF  JAMES  I.  (12  S.  viii.  212). — The 
names  of  the  translators  of  the  Authorized 
Version  of  the  Bible  of  1611  are  given  in  the 
Introduction  prefixed  to  the  facsimile  of  the 
Bible,  as  published  in  the  year  1611,  issued 
from  the  Oxford  University  Press  (London) 
in  the  year  1911. 

This  excellent  Introduction  (by  A.  W. 
Pollard)  was  also  separately  published  in 
the  same  year  by  the  same  press  under  the 
title  '  Records  of  the  English  Bible,  &c.' 
and  the  names  of  the  translators  will  be 
found  in  chap.  ii.  of  this  publication. 

W.  M.  CLAY. 

Alverstone,  Hants. 

Several  books  are  available,  giving  the 
literary  history  of  what  is  commonly  called 
the  "  Authorized "  version,  so  named  be- 
cause the  title-page  reads  "Authorized" 
or  "  Appointed  to  be  read  in  churches." 
See  :— 

Anderson,  '  Annals  of  the  English  Bible, 
1525-1844,'  issued  in  1845. 

Copinger,  *  The  Bible  and  its  Transmission, 
1897,'  folio,  illustrated. 


Dore,  '  Old  Bibles,'  1888,  8vo,  pp.  322-353. 

Fry,  '  Description  of  the  Great  Bible,  1539,. 
Cranmer's  Bible,  1540-41,  and  the  Authorised. 
Version 1865.' 

According  to  Dore  there  were  fifty-four 
translators  or  revisers,  divided  into  six 
companies.  They  met  at  Oxford,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Westminster. 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

AN  OLD  SILVER  CHARM  ( "  CIMARTJTA  " ) 
(12  S.  viii.  50,  94).— Through  a  mutual 
friend  I  have  had  the  opportunity  of  sub- 
mitting a  sketch  of  this  to  the  distinguished 
antiquarjr,  Dr.  Ansaldi  of  San  Remo,  who 
has  verv  kindly  supplied  the  following 
information.  "  Cimaruta  "  is  a  word  more 
particularly  used  amongst  carpet  -  makers 
and  means  the  small  pieces  shaved  off  the 
carpet  in  the  course  of  manufacture.  In  its 
application  to  the  trinket  it  suggests  the 
top  part  of  the  plant  rue  (c^ma  =  top  ;  and 
ruta=^rue).  The  symbols  may  possibly  be  : 
the  snake  or  dragon = evil ;  the  heart  = 
sensibility  ;  the  key = secrecy.  The  gift  of 
charms  against  the  evil  eye  (occhio  maligno} 
had  also  other  intentions,  as,  for  example,, 
remembrance  of  the  giver  and  good  fortune 
generally. .  Such  charms  are  most  varied' 
in  shape  and  Dr.  Ansaldi  drew  from  his 
pocket  a  small  bunch  of  them,  one  being  a 
branch  of  a  little  horn  and  another  a  medal 
of  the  B.V.M. — both  in  gold.  These  charms 
are  still  commonly  given  as  mascots  or  luck 
bringers,  and  no  doubt  the  evil  eye  is  sup- 
posed to  come  within  their  influence. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that,  as  I  supposed,. 
Mrs.  Anderson's  silver  trinket  is  one  of  these 
charms.  WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

THE  SENTRY  AT  POMPEII  (12  S.  viii.  131, 
177). — The  Walker  Art  Gallery,  Liverpool, 
contains  the  painting,  by  Sir  E.  J.  Poynter, 
entitled  'Faithful  Unto  Death','  but  the' 
place  of  the  incident  is  given  as  Herculaneurcu 

J.  ABDAGH. 

1ST.  P.  Willis,  in  his  'Pencillings  by  the 
Way,'  gives,  under  the  date  of  February, 
1833,  a  vivid  and  detailed  account  of  his 
visit  to  Pompeii.  One  paragraph  begins : 

"  We  passed  out  at  the  gate  of  the  city  and 
stopped  at  a  sentry-box,  in  which  was  found  a 
skeleton  in  full  armour — a  soldier  who  had  died 
at  his  post !  " 

Why  should  this  particular  skeleton  be- 
considered  a  myth  any  more  than  the  many 
others  surprised  at  their  various  occupations?' 
G.  A.  ANDERSON. 

Woldingham. 


12  S. 


VIII.  MARCH  26,  1921.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


THE  O' FLAHERTY  FAMILY  :  KINGS  OF 
CONNATJGHT  (12  S.  viii.  188). — The  Note  on 
this  family  reminds  me  of  a  Mr.  O' Flaherty 
whom  I  "knew  in  Liverpool  in  the  early 
nineties.  He  claimed  to  be  lineal  repre- 
sentative of  Sir  Morogh  O'Flahertie,  who, 
he  maintained,  was  created  Baron  O'Flahertie 
by  Queen  Elizabeth.  I  do  not  know 
whether  he  is  still  alive — it  is  about  twenty  - 
seven,  or  eight,  years  since  I  saw  him — 
but  if  he  is  he  might  be  able  to  clear  up  some 
of  the  points  raised  by  your  correspondent. 
He  had  a  great  mass  of  papers  relating  to  the 
family. 

I  have  a  note  that  a  William  Wilson  of 
Clare,  co.  Suffolk,  migrated  to  co.  Donegal, 
and  took  over  from  Sir  Henry  Bocwra,  an 
estate  of  2,000  acres  in  that  county  in  1610. 
William  Wilson  had  two  sons  and  one 
daughter.  The  eldest  son,  John,  was  created 
a  baronet  in  1629.  His  youngest  son, 
Andrew,  married  in  1640,  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  Sir  Henry  Docwra,  and  had  a  daughter, 
Anne — an  heiress — to  whom  Sir  William 
Anderson,  Kt.,  was  appointed  guardian 
in  July,  1644.  Is  it  possible  that  the 
Wilson,  Barrister-at-Law,  and  land  agent 
to  Lord  Londonderry,  was  a  descendant  of 
this  William  Wilson  ? 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

"  A  HOGARTH  MINIATURE  FRAME  "  (12  S. 
viii.  210). — "Hogarth"  is  a  pattern  name 
applied  to  a  type  of  frame,  obtainable  from 
any  framemaker.  It  is  generally  made  in 
black  and  gilt,  and,  in  appearance,  is  very 
similar  to  the  "  Bartolozzi " — so  similar, 
in  fact,  that,  in  the  provinces,  particularly 
in  Birmingham,  the  terms  are  frequently 
reversed. 

Although  William  Hogarth  was  not 
generally  known  as  a  painter  of  miniatures, 
an  example  ascribed  to  him  was  contained 
in  the  well-known  Wellesley  collection, 
recently  dispersed  at  Sotheby's. 

BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — 

(12  S.  viii.  212.) 

1.  The  lines  : — 
For  in  the  voice  of  birds  the  scent  of  flowers, 

The  evening  silence  and  the  falling  dew, 
Through  every  throbbing  pulse  of  nature's  powers 

I'll  speak  to  you. ' 

occur  in  the  threnody  of  Lieut.  Eric  Wilkinson 
(killed  in  action,  October,  1917),  entitled  «  To 
My  People,  before  the  Great  Offensive,' 
published  in  '  Soldier  Poets  ;  Songs  of  the 
Fighting  Men,'  by  Erskine  Macdonald. 

JOHN  LIVESEY. 


Stories  and  Ballads  of  the  Far  East.  Translated' 
from  the  Norse  (Icelandic  and  Faroese)  by 
N.  Kershaw.  (Cambridge  University  Press,. 
8s.  Qd.  net.) 

THE  Sagas  which  form  Part  I.  of  this  interesting 
and  instructive  volume  are  taken  from  the 
Fornaldar-sogur  Northrlanda,  "  Stories,"  that  is,, 
"  of  Ancient  Times  about  the  Northern  Countries."^ 
The  texts  date  from  the  thirteenth  and  early 
fourteenth  centuries,  and  they  were  edited  by 
Rafn  in  1829-30  and  by  Asmundarson  in  1886-91. 
They  are  not,  either  in  historical  or  literary  value, 
equal  to  the  great  Icelandic  sagas.  Their  source- 
is  found  rather  in  old  poems  than  in  living  tradi- 
tion, and  the  story-teller  makes  no  difficulty 
about  confusing  history  and  mythology,  dates,, 
tribes  and  personages  all  in  a  medley  together.. 
This  is  exemplified  most  strikingly  in  the  finest 
of  these  Sagas,  that  of  Hervor  and  Heithoek, 
where  we  begin  with  mythology  and  insensibly 
find  ourselves  in  the  midst  of  a  great  battle- 
between  the  Goths  and  the  Huns.  The  descrip- 
tion of  the  battle,  and  then-  the  character  and 
exploits  of  the  maiden  Hervor  raise  this  Saga 
to  a  higher  rank  than  the  rest.  Hervor  is  un- 
known save  here  and  in  the  Faroese  ballad  also  • 
included  in  this  volume.  Her  dialogue  at  the 
barrows, — amid  the  flaming  death-fires  and  the 
ghosts — with  her  dead  father  the  berserk  Angantyr- 
where  she  wrings  from  him  by  her  insistence  the 
terrible  sword  Tyrfing  would  not  be  easily  sur- 
passed in  grimness,  horror  and  an  eery  delicacy 
of  imagination.  The  Saga  also  includes,  besides- 
a  wealth  of  minor  incident,  the  riddles  of  Gestum- 
blindi,  some  of  which  yield  wit,  and  many  of 
which  furnish  pretty  observations  of  nature. 

The  very  heterogeneity  of  the  Sagas — they  are 
chiefly  in  prose  but  have  intercalated  long^ 
passages  of  verse,  which  are  to  be  considered 
remnants  of  the  original  form  of  the  story — this 
very  heterogeneity  illustrates  the  conservatism 
of  tradition.  The  whole  may  be  a  patchwork,, 
but  such  individual  pieces  as  have  come  down 
have  rigidly  retained  their  character. 

The  Faroese  ballads  which  form  Part  II.  are 
in  English  new.  Ole  Worm  in  the  early  seven- 
teenth century  took  down  five  of  them  which 
have  since  been  lost ;  it  is  Svabo,  working  at  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  whom  we  have  to 
thank  for  the  first  collection.  He  spent  the  last 
years  of  his  life  in  the  Faroe  Islands  and  this 
labour  was  his  principal  occupation.  His  collec- 
tion remains  still  unpublished  in  the  Royal! 
Library  at  Copenhagen,  but  it  has  effectively 
inspired  later  enthusiasts  whose  activity  has; 
culminated  in  Hammershaimb's  collection,  and! 
in  the  great  Corpus  Carmimim  Faeroensium  in- 
sixteen  volumes  by  Grundtvig  and  Bloch  which 
comprises  every  known  Faroese  ballad  with  all! 
its  variants,  and  also  still  awaits  publication. 

For  folk-lorists  the  Faroese  ballads  have- 
several  points  of  peculiar  interest.  In  the  first 
place  the  making  of  them  has  not  yet  died  out ; 
any  exciting  adventure  or  unusual  exploit  will 
inspire  'some  one  or  other  to  make  a  ballad 
which  will  then  take  its  place  in  the  great 
collection  along  with  the  ancient  composi- 
tions of  the  forefathers  of  the  race.  Next,,  the 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [12  S.VIIL  MARCH  26, 1921. 


"ballad  is  still  sung  to  the  accompaniment  of  the 
-dance.     We    are    grateful    to    Mr.    Kershaw    for 
•  giving  tis  the  notation  of  many  of  the  tunes  and 
-refrains,  which,   as  he  says,   have  something  in 
common  with  Gregorian  music,  and  are  remark- 
able too  for  the  curious  close  of  the  song  which 
falls  often  on  the  supertonic  or  leading  note,  with 
an  effect  to    our  ears    of    surprise.       There  is  no 
instrumental  music  in  the  Islands,  and  the  song 
.and  dance  are  conducted  by  a  precentor. 

The  most  important  of  the  ballads  given  here 
is  a  Faroese  variant  of  the  Heryor  story,  which  is 
somewhat  inferior  to  the  Saga  in  movement  and 
colour.  No  very  great  literary  merit  can  be 
claimed  for  any  of  the  ballads— but  the  reader 
will  find  a  good  deal  to  interest  him  from  the 
mythological  and  sociological  points  of  view. 
Mr  Kershaw  gives  an  excellent  general  introduc- 
tion to  each  division  of  the  book,  and  each 
separate  item  is  preceded  by  a  short  account  of 
.its  history  and  elucidation  of  its  subject  matter. 

English  Place-Name  Study:  Us  Present  Condition 
and  Future  Possibilities.  By  Allen  Mawer. 
(Humphrey  Milford,  l<6d.  net). 

-THIS  'brochure    gives    us    the    excellent    address 

,  delivered  by  Frof."  Mawer  last  January  to  the 
British  Academy.  We  had  recently  the  pleasure 
{ante T  p.  39)  of  reviewing  his  work  on  the  place- 
names  of  Northumberland  and  Durham,  and  of 
mentioning  two  sound  rules  therein  laid  down  by 
.£m  The ?  first  fixes  1500  as  a  working  limit; 
names  for  which  no  forms  earlier  than  that  date 
Sre^extant  are  to  be  held  unprofitable  for  ety- 
mological study.  The  second  prefers  historical 
Sid  especially  topographical  to  linguistic  refer- 
*nce-  in  fact  erects  the  superiority  of  topo- 
Sraphical  reference  into  a  principle.  The  reader 
will  find  these  rules  again  and  somewhat  more 

Jullv  discussed  here  and  therewith  the  contention 
put  forth  that  the  piece-meal  study  of  place- 
names  is  unsatisfactory.  The  first  requisite  for 
th™  study  would  then  be  the  coUecting  and 
ordering  of  material  from  the  whole  of  England. 
Work  on  Prof.  Mawer's  principles  as  he  says, 
could  hardly  be  performed  by  isolated  scholars  ; 
•^°™«? be  taken  up  by  some  learned  society,  and, 
\nTct  he  seteSmsIlf  to  persuade  the  British 
Academy  to  come  forward  in  the  cause  He  has 
a  eood^deal  to  urge  both  as  to  the  advantage 
tcSng from  the  ftudy  qf  place-names  to  other 
tSs?and  as  to  the  example  of  the  Scandinavian 
.kingdoms. 

London  County  Council  Indication  of  Houses  of 
%  Historical  Interest  ^n  London.  Part  XLV.  3d. 
TWF  Council's  work  of  indicating  by  means  of 
nSmoriaTtablete  the  houses  of  interest  in  London 
5oe7steadily,  though  somewhat  slowly,  on.  The 
Publication  of  thele  excellently  printed  pam- 
hlete  giving  short  biographies  of  the  personages 
.?oncern!d;  illustrations  of  the  houses  and 

'  sketches  of  the  tablets  and  inscriptions  is  hardly 
.less  good  a  work  than  the  affixmg  of  the  memorials 

^wThave  here  accounts  of  87   Jermyn  Street 

asaac    Nlwton);    188    Camberwell    Grove    and 

40  Princess  Gardens  (Joseph  Chamberlain)  ;  and 

0  Berkeley  Square  (Colin  Campbell).     The  tablet 

on  Joseph  Chamberlain's  birthplace  in  Camber- 

'  °vell  Grove,  though  literally  correct,  seems  likely 

improve  misleading  to  the  casual  visitor. 


Annals  of  Archaeology  and  Anthropology.  Vol  VIII. 

No.  1.  (Liverpool :  University  Press.) 
WE  are  glad  to  welcome  the  re-appearance  of 
these  Annals  after  an  interval  of  four  years. 
The  number  before  us  is  of  the  highest  interest. 
Mr.  F.  LI.  Griffiths  gives  a  detailed  and  illustrated 
account  of  some  of  the  work  of  excavation 
carried  out  by  the  Oxford  Expedition  in  Nubia 
(1910-13)  at  Faras.  Mr.  J.  L.  Myres  describes  a 
rare  Cypriote  fibula  of  the  Early  Iron  Age  from 
Rhodes.  Prof.  Halliday  contributes  a  first 
instalment  of  a  delightful  work  :  '  Pheidippides  : 
a  Study  of  Good  Form  in  Fifth-Century  Athens.' 
It  is  a  most  deftly- wrought  piece  of  mosaic, 
displaying  all  the  vivacity  of  a  picture,  and 
having  each  particle  in  the  text  unobtrusively 
referred  to  abundant  references  and  erudite  notes 
at  the  end  of  the  article. 

WE  have  received  a  useful  and  interesting  '  Hand- 
list of  Indexes  to  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  Works.' 
The  compiler  has  indexed  or  re- indexed,  over 
sixty  collections — Records,  Visitations,  local 
Histories  and  other  like  masses  of  material,  the 
indexes  being  mostly  both  nominum  and  locorum, 
in  the  case  of  Folk-lore  publications  also  rerum. 

Students  desiring  to  avail  themselves  of  these 
compilations  are  invited  to  communicate  with 
W.  de  Castre,  care  of  the  Librarian,  Public 
Library,  Great  Yarmouth. 

WE  have  received  The  Durham  University 
Journal  for  April  (Durham,  Is.  Qd.  net)  which 
contains  a  further  instalment  of  Mr.  W.  T.  Jones's 
scholarly  account  of  the  walls  and  towers  of 
Durham  illustrated  by  a  ground  plan  of  the  city. 


EDITORIAL  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  " — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lishers"— at  the  Office,  Printing  House  Square, 
London,  E.C.4. ;  corrected  proofs  to  the  Athenaeum 
Press,  11  and  13  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C.4. 

ALL  communications  intended  for  insertion  in 
our  columns  should  bear  the  name  and  address  of 
the  sender — not  necessarily  for  publication,  but  as 
a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WHEN  answering  a  query,  or  referring  to  an 
article  which  has  already  appeared,  correspondents 
are  requested  to  give  within  parentheses  — 
immediately  after  the  exact  heading— the  numbers 
of  the  series,  volume,  and  page  at  which  the  con- 
tribution in  question  is  to  be  found. 

EPITAPHS  DESIRED  (12  S.  viii.  211). — MR. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT  writes  :  "  Both  these 
epitaphs  have  recently  been  printed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  ; 
that  on  William  Billinge,  at  11  S.  xi.  490,  and 
that  on  George  Routleigh  (not  Rowleigh)  at 
11  S.  iv.  265." 

W.  COURTHOPE  FORMAN. — A  correspondence 
on  the  subject  of  the  ballad  of  '  Lord  Lovel  and 
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CORRIGENDUM. — Ante,  p.  238,  middle  of  col.  1, 
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261 


LONDON,  APRIL  2,  1SS1. 


CONTENTS.— No.  155. 

:— Robert  Wbatley,  261  -Among  the  ShakesDeare 
Archives  :  The  Plague  in  Stratford,  262  —  Aldeburgh  : 
Extracts  from  Chamberlains'  Account-Book,  1625-1649, 
265  —  Deaths  —  Labrador  Fancies  —  Pilgrims,  266  — 
Gounod's  Piano  —  Half-Sovereign  :  Early  Use  of  Term 
267. 

"QUERIES  :— Heraldry  :  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  Bristol- 
Cider  and  Rheumatism— Globist,  267— Thomas  Brooks  of 
Bath— William  Cecil,  Second  Earl  of  Exeter— Second 
Bishop  of  Carlisle — Sugar  Houses,  London — Paper  Water- 
mark—Dean Toogood— Anderson  Fan-ily,  Baronets  of 
Broughton — "The  Golden  Ball,  in  Southampton  Street, 
St.  Giles's  "—Polish  "Emigre's"  on  French  Privateers— 
'  Giovanni  Sbogarro,'  263—"  Singing-bread  "—The  Rabbit 
in  Comparative  Religion  —  Ireland  Family  History  — 
Shakespeare  Query — Brinsmade — Australian  Judicature 

—  Tennyson    Queries  —  Classical    Quotations    in    Poe's 
Works,  269— Author  of  Poem  Wanted— Author  Wanted, 
270. 

(REPLIES :  —  Richard  III  :  William  Herbert,  Earl  of 
Huntington,  270  —  Representative  County  Libraries  : 
Public  and  Private,  272 — "Counts  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire"— The  Gallic  Era  "  Eighty-eight  "—A  "  Phiolad  " 
of  Barley  —  The  Pancake  Bell,  273  —  The  O'Flaherty 
Family  :  Kings  of  Connaught — Dr.  Johnson  :  Portrait  in 
Hill's  Edition  of  Boswell— Impaled  on  a  Thorn,  274— 
Cherry  Orchards  of  Kent—"  The  Haven  under  the  Hill " 

—  Phaestos  Disk— Pronunciation  of  Greek  (and  Latin),  275 
=—  Kingston    House,     Knightsbridge  —  Tavern    Signs  — 
Diocesan  Calendars— Book  Wanted,  276— "  Comlies  "  and 
"  Cony  Bags" — Cardinal  de   Rohan  Chabot — Errors  in 
Carlyle's  '  French    Revolution  ' — Hunting    Songs  :    Cha- 
worth  Musters— Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Bloomsbury  House, 
277— Blount  of    Lincolnshire — Book  Borrowers — "  Mark 
Kutherford  "—The  Green  Man,  Ashbourne,  278. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—•  Hamlet  and  the  Scottish  Succes- 
sion ' — '  The  Boy  Bishop  at  Salisbury  and  Elsewhere ' 
•  English  Philology  in  English  Universities '— '  A  Shake- 
speare Dictionary' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ROBERT  WHATLEY. 
(See  ante,  pp.  221,  242.) 

THE  "Case  "  appeared  under  the  title,  *A 
Short  History  of  a  Ten  Years  Negociation, 
between  a  Prime  Minister  and  a  Private 
Gentleman,'*  and  reached  a  second  edition 
('Three  Letters,'  pp.  [v],  14  note,  '  Judg- 
ment Signed,'  p.  36;  'Letters  and  Applica- 
tions,' p.  [4 6]),  but  no  thrones  fell.  Walpole 
retaliated  in  The  Daily  Gazetteer  of  Apr.  13 
with  some  scurrilous  verses,  tho  author 
of  which  —  so  the  victim  alleged,  not 
•without  reason — was  "a  noble  Lord  then 
[in  1738]  V — ce  Ch n  of  the  Court, 

*  The  title-page  is  dated  1737  b\it  that  of 
*  Letters  and  Applications '  (cf.  infra)  proves 
'that  the  issue  to  the  public  took  place  in  March. 
1738. 


and  now  [in  1742]  L — d  Pr — y  S — 1  of 
the  Kingdom"  ('A  Letter  to  the  L. 
and  C.,'  p.  [54],  i.e.,  Lord  Hervey.*  To 
this  Whatley  appears  to  have  replied  in  the 
form  of  a  "Criticism  on  the  Right  Honour- 
able Verses  addressed  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wh. 
in  The  Daily  Gazetteer, ^April  13,  1738  " 
('Judgment  Signed,'  p.  3  note,  'A  Letter 
to  the  L.  and  C.,'  p.  39). f  Just  after  the 
'  Short  History  '  had  appeared,  he  pub- 
lished a  selection  of  pieces  justificatives  : — 

'  Letters  and  Applications  Relating  to  The 
Short  History. . .  .That  Passed  from  the  Time  of 
its  being  printed,  (and  in  the  Minister's  Hands), 
in  March  1737,  to  the  publishing  of  it  in  March 
1738,' 

and  at  some  date  after  Mar.  26,  1739  J  : — 

'  Three  Letters.  The  First,  to  the  Eight 
Honourable  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  in  December 
1727.  Six  Months  after  the  late  King's  Decease. 
With  his  Answer.  The  Second,  to  the  Lord 
Chancellor  King  of  his  Lordship's  Character,  as 
it  stood  in  January  1727-8.  The  Third,  to  his 
Lordship,  on  the  Author's  Design  of  taking  Orders, 
in  September  1728.' 

But,  notwithstanding  the  three  blasts  of  the 
trumpet,  Jericho  still  stood,  and  Whatley 
went  home. 

Not,  however,  to  wring  his  hands  but  to 
prepare  a  third  assault.  The  year  1740  saw 
the  matter  again  brought  before  the  public 
notice  by  'Judgment  Signed  in  the  Cause 
Between  the  Right  Honourable  Sir  Robert 
Walpole,  and  Mr.  Whatley '  This  pam- 
phlet, couched  in  the  form  of  a  letter  to  the 
Prime  Minister§  dated  Apr.  8  of  this  year, 
marks  a  stage  forward  in  the  dispute — if  one 
may  describe  as  a  dispute  the  action  of  an 
angry  tide  beating  on  an  impassive  break- 
water. Reciting  his'  grievances,  Walpole 's 
reasons  for  evasion) j  and  the  objects  for 
which  he  was  contending,^  the  writer  brings 


*  Whatley  gives  references  elsewhere  to   The 
Daily  Gazetteer  of  Nov.  23,  1739,  and  July  15, 
L741,    and    also  to  the  "  Hyp-Doctor,"    No.  383 
'Letters   and  Applications,'   p.   viii,  'Judgment 
Signed,'  p.  20,  note.) 

f  It  was  out  of  print  by  the  date  of  the  publica- 
tion (1739)  of  '  Three  Letters  '  (op.  cit.,  p.  ii). 
£  The  date  of  the  dedication. 
§  Whose    position    the    writer    stigmatizes    as 
1  this  unknown  Office  "  (op.  cit.,  p.  33). 

II  The  incapacity  of  the  recipient  (op.  cit., 
).  12)  and  King's  cancellation  of  the  obligation 
op.  cit.,  pp.  6,  11). 

U"  Not  preferment  but  the  balance  of  £300  per 
annum  less  the  sums  paid  on  account  from 
Christmas  1726,  and,  in  addition,  compensation 
or  "  the  inconceivable  Damages  I  have  sustained 
»f  your  not  making,  at  that  time,  the  like  Pro- 
dsion  [i.e.,  the  equivalent  of  Spicer's]  for  me . . . . " 
op.  cit.t  p.  21). 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    112  s.vm.  APRIL  2, 1921 


forth  the  threat  that  he  will  exercise  his 
right  of  petitioning  the  Grown  (op.  cit., 
pp.  27-28  :  cf.  'A  Letter  to  the  L.  and  G.,' 
p.  3.) 

By  March,  1741,  he  was  lodging  in  Berry 
Street,  St.  James  ('A  Letter,'  p.  5).  His 
Petition  to  the  King  he  printed,  forwarded 
under  a  covering  letter  to  Lord  Wilmington, 
the  President,  and  the  other  members  of  the 
Privy  Council,*  and  circulated  among  the 
members  of  Parliament.  His  attitude  may 
be  epitomised  in  the  following  quotation  : — 

"  I  thought  it  a  Duty  I  owed  to  God,  as  well 
as  to  Myself  to  assert  my  Bight  to  an  Original 
Fortune  (the  Purchase  of  no  inconsiderable 
private  Inheritance  laid  out  in  the  best  of  Educa- 
tions under  the  greatest  Patronage)  ('  A  Letter 
to  the  L.  &  C.,'  p.  51)." 

The  petition  does  not,  however,  appear  to 
be  preserved  among  the  Privy  Council 
papers  now  housed  in  the  Public  Record 
Office,  and  we  may  perhaps  conclude  that 
What  ley's  action  was  designed  merely  in 
terrorem,  reliance  being  placed  on  the 
minister's  waning  power  and  the  moral 
effect  of  publicity,  while  it  is  possible  that 
he  may  have  thought  it  advisable  to  renew 
his  attack  and  agree  to  a  withdrawal  on 
terms.  Whatever  the  reason,  publicity  was 
made  more  public  by  the  issue- — early  in 
1742t— of  his— 

'  A  Letter  to  the  Lords  and  Commons  .... 
Containing,  A  State  of  the  Cause  between  the 
Right  Honourable  Sir  Robert  Walpole  and  Mr 
Whatley,  As  It  now  lies  at  Issue  in  the  Hands 
of  the  . . .  .Privy  Council,  by  Mr  Whatley's 
most  humble  Appeal  to  his  Majesty,  in  the  Cause 
between  Them.' 

This  comprised — among  other  matter — a 
letter  to  Walpole  of  Mar.  21,  1741,  the  letter 
to  Wilmington,  the  appeal,  and  Whatley's 
affidavit  of  Apr.  23 — made  before  Spicer, 
now  a  Master  in  Chancery! — "occasioned 
by  his  Appeal  to  his  Majesty  "  (op.  cit., 
p.  31).  The  more  Christian  duties  were 
meanwhile  not  neglected  :  on  Oct.  2  he  was 
at  Caistor  at  the  visitation  of  the  Arch- 
deacon of  Lincoln,  and  published  in  con- 
sequence : — 

'  A  Presentment  Made  to  the  Reverend  Dr. 
George  Reynolds  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln  at  his 
Visitation  held  at  Caister  October  the  2d.  1741 : 
by  the  Reverend  Mr.  Whatley,  Rector  of  Toft 
near  Lincoln  and  Prebendary  of  York.'i 

*  The  text  of  both  is  printed  on  pp.  7—25  of 
•  A  Letter  to  the  L.  &  C.'  Neither  is  there  dated. 

t  It  is  dated  from  Berry  Street,  the  9th  of 
January,  1742. 

J  "  Lincoln  :  Printed  for  William  Wood  Printer 
and  Bookseller,  1741." 


This  admirably  timed  reminder  of  the 
zealous  parochus,  like  to  be  lost  in  the 
draggled  frequenter  of  antechambers,, 
formed  a  neat  pamphlet  of  four  pages,  just 
the  size,  the  unkind  critic  might  remark,- 
to  slip  into  a  letter  to  a  profitable  recipient — 
to  which  circumstance  (the  British  Museum 
copy  forms  an  enclosure  with  Whatley'& 
letter  to  Hardwicke  of  Kov.  8,  1741,  Add. 
MSS.  35,586,  folio  410),  we  appear  to  owe- 
its  preservation. 

Henceforward,  for  lack  of  a  connected: 
account,  we  are  constrained  to  rely  on 
letters  by  the  claimant  which  have  been- 
preserved  among  the  manuscripts  of  the 
British  Museum.  It  was  in  1742  that  he 
first  approached  Lord  Hardwicke  to  take 
up  his  case*  (Whatley  to  Hardwicke, 
May  1,  1743,  B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  35,587, 
folio  123),  and  a  year  later  he  was  still  in, 
town,  "  humbly  waiting  the  Decision  of  my 
Cause  "  (ibidem],  but  his  suggestion  that  the 
bestowal  on  him  of  a  vacant  canonry  of 
Westminster  would  "make  me  easy"  had 
not  been  taken  up.  Of  the  rest  of  the  year 

1743  we  know  naught  save  that  he  wrote 

but  did  not  then  publish — '  Self -Entertain- 
ment ;  Or,  Day-Thoughts.  Being  a  Collec- 
tion Of  Six'  Months  Occasional  Reflections, 
Set  Down  As  they  occurr'd  to  the  Writer's 
Mind,'  the  title  of  which  was  obviously 
inspired  by  the  recent  triumph  of  his  friend 
Young  (op.  cit.,  p.  ii).  He  also  attended  the 
festival  of  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy  (op.  cit.9j 
p.  5).  C.  S.  B.  BUCEXAND. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  83,  124,   146,  181,. 
223,  241.) 

THE  PLAGUE  IN  STRATFORD. 

The  child  William  Shakespeare  had  more 
to  fear  from  the  Plague  than  from  fairies. 
This  terrible  sickness  came  from  Havre,  and 
was  probably  brought  by  the  Earl  of 
Warwick's  soldiers  into  the  Midlands.  It 
broke  out  in  Leicester  in  June,  1564,  where 
it  was  promptly  isolated.  An,  act  of  the 
Council  there  on,  June  30  forbade  those 
"visited  "  to  go  abroad  within  a  space  of 
two  months  after  a  death  in  their  house 


*  Perhaps  on  Walpole's  fall,  which  must  have 
made  the  contest  a  little  unreal. 


i2s.vni.APE^2,i§2i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


263 


under  a  penalty  of  51.     The  same   summer 
the  epidemic  raged  in   Coventry.      Hie  in- 
cepit  pestis  are  the  words  written  by  John 
Bret  engirdle  against  the  entry  in  his  register 
of  the  burial  on  July   11   of  Oliver  Gunn, 
apprentice  to  Thomas   Gethen  alias  Deege 
a  weaver  in    the  High  Street  of  Stratford. 
Gethen  was  doubtless  a  foreigner,  probably 
a  refugee  from  Flanders.     His  alias  Deege 
was  pronounced  with  a  hard  g  and  the  final 
e  as  a.      He  took  a  dagger  (Dutch  :  degen), 
with    play    upon    his    name,    for    his    sign- 
manual.     He  lived  in  the  house  next  but  one 
to  Ely  Street  which  is  now  (restored)  the 
Garrick  Inn.     His  wife   Joanna,   who   may 
have  nursed  the  boy  and  was  the  second 
victim,    was    buried    on     July    20.     From 
Jan.  1  to  July  20  there  had  been  22  burials. 
From  July  20  to  the   31st  there  were   16. 
In  August  there  were  35,  in  September  84, 
in    October    58,    in    November    26    and    in 
December  18.     Households  perished,  mostly 
of    the    poorer    folk,    but    some    well-to-do 
families  suffered  lamentably.     William  Per- 
rott  a  brewer  in  Church  Street,  brother  oJ 
Aluerman   Robert    Perrott,    was   buried   on 
July   24.     Two    daughters   were   buried   on 
the    30th,    his   wife    on   the    31st,    a    thirc 
daughter  on  Aug.  14,  a  fourth  daughter  on 
Sept.   4,  and  a  son  on  Sept.    10.     Richarc 
Ainge,  baker  in  Middle  Row,  lost  his  wife 
stepson    and    apprentice,    John    Lord    the 
butcher  his  son,  daughter,  apprentice,  anc 
maidservant.     Christopher  Smith  the  glover 
(whose  wife  gave  such  affront  to  the  Town 
Clerk  in  the  matter  of  the  pig  and  gander 
died     with  three    daughters    and    a    maid 
servant.     Roger    Spearpoint    died   with  hi 
wife    and    two    daughters,    William    Pinson 
with    his    wife    and    three    daughters.     The 
Town  Clerk,  Richard  Symons,  lost  two  sons 
and  a  daughter.     Most  of  these  were  victims 
of  July   and  August.     The  Court  of  Record 
suspended    its   sittings   during   August   and 
September.     The   Borough   Council  met   at 
least  once  in  the  Gild  Garden — which  John 
Shakespeare  as   acting-Chamberlain  secured 
for  their  use,  with  its  orchard  and  dovecote 
and    old    walnut-tree,    seats    and    bowling- 
green.      ' '  At  the  Hall  holden  in  our  G  arden, ' ' 
runs  the  minute  of  Aug.   30,    "money  was 
paid  towards  the  relief  of  the  poor  " — the 
sufferers,  that  is,  from  the  pestilence.     John 
Shakespeare  was  present,   so   was   William 
Smith   the   haberdasher.     They   were   both 
assessed    at  a    shilling.     Richer    men"  paid 
more,    poorer    men    less.     Master    Bott    of 
New  Place,  who    had  been  made  an  Alder- 
man as  Squire  Clopton's  agent   after  very 


rief,  if  any,  service  as  a  Principal  Burgess* 
)aid  4s.,  the  Bailiff,  George  Whateley, 
is.  4c?.,  the  Head  Alderman,  Roger  Sadler,. 
2s.  8rf.,  Alderman  Smith,  Adrian  Quyny, 
Fohn  Wheeler  and  Robert  Perrott,  2s.  6d., 
Alderman  Rafe  Cawdrey,  Lewis  ap  Williams, 
Richard  Hill  and  Humfrey  Plymley,  2s., 
^rincipal  Burgesses  William  Brace  and 
Thomas  Dyer  (Gilbert),  2s.,  Alderman  Jef- 
reys  and  Principal  Burgesses  John  Ichiver,  , 
William  Tyler  and  John  Bell,  Is.,  Principal 
Burgesses  John  Taylor,  John  Lewis,  John. 
Sadler  and  Thomas  Dickson  alias  Waterman, 
8cf.,  Alderman  Robert  Bratt,  6c?.,  and 
Principal  Burgess  William  Smith,  corviser, 


4c7.  The  Town  Clerk  was  not  rated,  and  the 
minutes  are  not  in  his  hand.  That  very  day 
he  buried  a  son  and  a  daughter.  Further 
levies  were  made  at  halls  held  on  Sept.  6 
and  27  varying  from  18c?.  to  4c?.  and  I2d. 
to  4c?.,  John  Shakespeare  paying  on  each 
occasion  6d.  At  a  fourth  levy,  made  on 
Oct.  20,  he  paid  8d.  The  minutes  of  these 
and  subsequent  meetings  are  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Symons 's  deputy.  Symons  did 
not  return  to  his  duties  until  Feb.  15,  1565. 
The  old  man  was  vexed  by  libel  as  well  as 
bereavement.  Young  George  Gilbert,  dyer, 
brother  of  the  Principal  Burgess  Thomas 
Gilbert,  had  the  impudence  to  tell  him,  on 
Sept.  11,  1564,  that  his  servant  Annes 
ought  not  to  go  abroad  "  having  a  sickness 
sore  running."  The  Town  Clerk  told  him 
to  mind  his  own  business.  Whereupon 
Gilbert  "  beknaved  "  him,  and  later  uttered 
these  words  to  his  wife  : — 

"Thy  husband  is  an  old  knave,  and  a  beggarly 
knave,  and  doth  owe  more  than  he  is  worth  unto 
one  man  that  I  do  know,  besides  all  other." 

Again  the  old  officer's  wrath  was  kindled. 
He  and  his  wife  were  poor  ;  and  it  was  only 
twelve  days  since  they  buried  their  sou 
and  daughter.  He  brought  the  matter  into 
the  Court  of  Record,  with  Richard  Court 
alias  Smith  (kinsman  of  the  Steward)  and 
James  Hinton  as  his  pledges,  claiming 
damages  201. 

Save  on  the  1st  and  7th  there  were  burials 
daily  in  September — five  on  the  10th  and 
llth,  nine  on  the  20th,  four  on  the  22nd, 
five  on  the  23rd,  24th  and  27th.  Alderman 
Henry  Biddle  was  buried  with  his  house- 
keeper on  the  llth.  This  month  or  later 
died  four  in  the  household  of  Maurice  ap 
Edwards  and  four  in  that  of  Griffin  ap 
Roberts,  both  Welshmen,  five  in  the  house- 
hold of  Roger  Bannister,  tippler,  six  in  that 
of  Nicholas  Langford,  four  in  that  of  Richard 
Bradley,  six  in  that  of  Roger  Green,  the 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.viji.  APRIL 2  1921. 


miller  of  Henley  Street,  perilously  near  the 
Shakespeares ;  four  in  the  household  of 
Robert  Bidington,  four  in  that  of  John 
Gorman,  five  in  that  of  Richard  Cotterell 
•(of  Shottery  probably),  five  in  that  of 
Hamlet  Hassall  of  Tiddington  (his  wife  and 
all  his  children)  ;  six  in  that  of  Richard  Yate, 
three  in  that  of  William  Braithway,  three 
in  that  of  William  Wilson  (who  lost  P.  son 
also  in  March  previous),  two  in  that  of 
'Thomas  Mountford,  the  friend  of  the  late 
Master  Edward  Alcock  (including  the  girl 
Elizabeth  to  whom  Alcock  left  household 
goods  and  a  cow)  ;  three  in  the  household  of 
Richard  Wagstaffe,  fuller,  and  two  in  that  of 
his  tenant,  William  Rogers,  in  Cl ,uroh  Street ; 
five  in  that  of  Richard  Wood  (the  entire 
family),  and  no  less  than  eleven  in  the 
connected  households  of  Humfrey,  Edward 
and  Thomas  Holmes.  The  Swan  Inn  was 
attacked  in  Middle  Row  (where  ministers 
lodged  who  were  called  in  to  assist  the  Vicar). 
Thomas  Dickson  alias  Waterman  buried  two 
of  his  step -daughters — Alice  Burbage  on 
Nov.  9  and  Joyce  Burbage  en  Dec.  8. 

John  Bretchgirdle  had  a  terrible  time, 
and  John  Shakespeare's  hands  as  acting- 
Chamberlain  were  very  full.  The  Vicar 
buried  a  sister,  Cicely  Bretchgirdle,  on 
Mar.  14,  1564,  shortly  before  the  Plague 
appeared.  Rafe  Hilton  his  curate  lost 
three  children  in  October  and  November. 
Bretchgirdle  was  over-worked,  probably 
himself  ill,  and  without  a  curate.  John 
'Shakespeare  again  and  again  paid  for 
clerical  assistance.  His  Account,  presented 
late  (probably  because  of  the  pestilence)  on 
Mar.  21,  1565,  shows  the  following  items  : — 

"  Paid  to  Master  Vicar  £1.  7.  0,  paid  for  a 
priest's  hoard  and  his  drinkings  at  the  'Swan,' 
11*.  Qd.,  paid  to  the  preacher  £2.  10.  0,  paid  to  the 
same  preacher  £1,  paid  to  Master  Vicar  6s.  Sd., 
paid  to  Thomas  Waterman  [alias  Dickson,  of  the 
riwan]  £2.  13.  4.' 

Perhaps  through  the  clergy  who  stayed  at 
the  Swan,  by  people  who  sought  their 
•services  or  charity,  the  plague  seized  upon 
the  family  there  in  November.  Other 
•entries  in  John  Shakespeare's  Account  are 
to  be  noted  : — 

"  Received  of  Master  Smith  £2.  10.  0,  more  of 
Master  Smith  £2.  10  0,  more  of  Master  Smith 
£2.  10.  0 ;  received  of  Master  Walford  £4.  o.  0, 
of  Master  Walford  for  Wilmecote  [tithe]  £1.  6.  8." 

This  was  tithe  money,  which  the  energetic 
Chamberlain  was  properly  getting  into  his 
hends.  Master  Smith,  the  Alderman,  farmer 
of  the  College  tithes,  buried  his  sister- 
in-law  in  the  Plague  time,  on  Sept.  3, 


Mistress  Elizabeth  Watson,  sister  to  John 
Watson,  the  future  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
now  Master  of  the  Holy  Cross.  Her  decease, 
apparently,  was  not  due  to  the  pestilence, 
for  the  Smith  household  was  a  large  one 
and  no  other  member  died. 

At  election  time  in  September,  when  the 
Plague  was  -at  its  height  there  was  difficulty, 
as  we  may  understand,  in  getting  a  Bailiff. 
Nominations  were  made  on  the  6th — John 
Wheeler  for  Bailiff,  Lewis  ap  Williams  for 
Head  Alderman,  William  Smith,  haber- 
dasher, and  William  Tyler  for  Chamberlains. 
John  Shakespeare,  to  his  great  credit,  again 
undertook  the  duties,  which  were  strenuous 
and  perilous,  of  the  Chamberlainship.  John 
Wheeler  felt  unequal  to  the  position  of 
chief  officer  and  magistrate  of  the  borough 
at  that  time  and  declined  to  serve.  His 
name,  nevertheless,  was  sent  to  the  Earl  of 
Warwick  and  was  by  him  approved.  On 
Wednesday,  Sept.  27,  a  resolution  was 
passed  by  the  Chamber  that : — 

"  forsomuch  as  John  Wheeler,  one  of  the  Alder- 
men of  the  Borough,  is  orderly  elected,  and  by 
the  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Warwick 
pricked  to  be  Bailiff,  he  shall  personally  appear 
in  the  Common  Hall  upon  Friday  next  ensuing 
being  the  29th  of  this  present  September  by  0  of 
the  clock  the  same  morning  there  to  confer 
and  consider  with  the  rest  of  the  Masters  and 
Brethren  of  the  said  Borough  upon  such  matters 
as  be  meet  for  the  service  of  the  Q,ueen's  Majesty 
and  the  commonwealth  of  the  said  Borough 
under  the  pain  of  £20  ;  and  further  shall  per- 
sonally appear  at  the  same  place  upon  Wednesday 
the  4th  day  of  October  by  9  of  the  clock  in  the 
morning  for  the  taking  of  his  oath  upon  the  Holy 
Evangelist  under  the  pain  of  £10." 

A  most  interesting  list  of  signatures  and 
marks  was  appended  to  the  resolution  in  the 
minutes  (not  in  Symons'  handwriting).  Six 
wrote  their  names  :  Aldermen  William 
Smith,  Humfrey  Plymley,  William  Bott, 
Richard  Hill  and  Principal  Burgesses  Wil- 
liam Smith,  haberdasher  (William  Shake- 
speare's godfather,  as  we  have  supposed), 
and  William  Brace.  The  rest  made  their 
marks,  George  What  el  ey  (retiring  Bailiff)  an 
alpha  A;  Roger  Sadler  (retiring  High  Alder- 
man) a  cross ;  Adrian  Quyny  (though  he 
could  write),  a  sigma  reversed  (?);  Rafe 
Cawdrey  a  standard  (?),  ;  Lewis  ap  Wil- 
liams, his  churchgable;  John  Shakespeare 
his  compasses  (the  simple  pair) ;  Thomas 
Dickson  alias  Waterman  an  omega  (?)  ; 
John  Lewis  a  small  circle ;  William 
Tyler  a  nautilus  or  creature  with  ten- 
ticles(?);  John  Tayler  (a  what?);  and 
John  Bell,  John  Sadler  and  Thomas 
Dyer  (Gilbert)  a  cross.  John  Wheeler  duly 


12  s.  viii.  APRIL  2, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


appeared  on  Sept.  20,  and  pleaded  with  such 
success  that  he  was  let  off  with  a  fine  of  £10, 
on  the  understanding  that  he  served  as 
Bailiff  the  year  after  (1565-6).  Richard 
Hill,  good  Richard  Hill,  whose  honesty  and 
virtue  a,re  celebrated  on  his  monument  in 
the  parish  church,  a  native  of  Stratford,  a 
woollen-draper  in  Wood  Street,  stepped 
into  the  breach  and  was  made  Bailiff. 
That  week,  from  Sept.  27  to  Oct.  4,  there 
were  nineteen  burials  in  the  churchyard. 
EDGAB,  I.  FBIPP. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 
(See  ante,  p.  163,  224.) 

MORE  preparations  against  the  "  Dun- 
kirkers."  A  breach  in  the  river  wall  causes 
great  expense  to  the  town — not  only  in  costs 
to  repair  the  breach — but  in  loss  of  pasture. 
This  has  taken  place  many  times  since  1625  ; 
aboiit  twenty  years  ago  the  marshes  were 
entirely  covered  with  water. 

16    PAYMENTS.    25 
1625— (continued). 
October. 

Itrn  to  Francis  Chapman  for  stoppinge  up  the 
ordnace  . .          . .          . .  00  00  08 

3. 

Km  to  Charles  warne  for  trymnge  one  01  the 
frames  of  the  bells    . .      *    . .  . .      00  02  00 

4. 

Itm  to  Mathewe  Goodinge  for  iron  worke  for 
the  Cariages  of  the  Ordinance    and  for  his 
worke  as  appeares  by  his  bill         . .      04  08  04 
20. 

Itm  for  a  stropp  for  the  great  Bell  . .      00  02  00 
Itm   to    John   Daniell   for    mendinge   of  the 
pales  postes  in  the  Church  yard  and  for 
stufH  and  nayles         . .  . .  . .      00  11   00 

27. 
Itm  for  glasinge  the  towne  howses       . .      00  09  00 

November  1. 
Itm  to  the   Smythe  for  mendinge  the  lock 

\\-Jierin  the  Commuyon  Clothe  ys  laid     00  01  06 
Itm   for   mendinge   a   bushell   and   halfe 

bushell  . .  . .  . .  00  00  08 

11. 

Itm  to  Thomas  Cooke  for  52  foote  of  grunsall 
i"i-    the    howse    where    Robt.    Gouldinge 
<!  \\clleth    and     for    John    Thompsons    stall 
at  vi(1  the  foote          ..  ..  ..      01  06  00 

It  in  jor  mendinge  a  dore  and  a  stud  in  John 
Thompsons  stable     .  .  . .  .  .      00  01  00 

Itm  for  a  so  vie  for  a  win  do  we  where  lionell 
,Mnuclark  dwelleth 00  01  00 


12. 

Item  to  John  Daniell  for  mendinge  the  pales 
in  the  Churche  yard  and  for  stuff  and 
nayles  .  .  .  .  . .  .  .  00  04  07' 

Itm  to  John  Beales  for  worke  about  the 
Towne  howses  as  appeares  by  his  bill 
dec.  3 00  11  06- 

Itm  to  Mr  Shipman  for  Charges  at  wickhm 
Court  as  appears,  by  his  bill  nov.  14  00  06  02' 

20. 
Itm   more   to   him,   att   yoxford    charges 

ther      . .  . .  . .  . .  ..00  03  02* 

December. 

Itm   to   preist  for   dawbinge   the   towne 
howses  . . 


01  00 


17. 


Itm  for  12  Chovse  deales  and  ^  *or  the  towne 
hall  ..  *  .....  ".  ..00  13 

Itm  to  willm  lawrence  for  a  bell  Rope     00  03 

Itm  for  sawinge  of  the  deales  15  skarfs 
and  \  ........  00  0-5 

Itm  for  caryinge  them  to  the  towne  haU     00  60 

19. 

Itm  to  mr  Meene  for  Rent  for  the  Feray     01  00 

20. 

Itm  to  Robt  Beamond  for  nayles  for  the 
towne  worke  and  for  pap  and  candle  00  08 

30. 

Itm  for  the  lords  rent  of  the  cottages  of  the 
Townes  for  ii  yeares  .  .  .  .  01  01 

Itm  lor  3C  of  wood  for  the  plomer  may  1      00  OS 

Itm  for  Rossen  to  mixe  wth  the  tarre  when 
the  wheeles  of  the  Cariages  of  the  gunnes 
were  staft  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  00  03 

Itm  to  Mr  Topley  for  Clarks  wage  for  the 
yeare  1625  .  .  ..  ..  .  .  02  00 

Itm  more  to  him  for  lactage  for  the  6 
yeare  .  .  ..  .  .  .  .  ..  00  06 

CHARGES  FOB  MENDINGE  THE  BREACHE  OF  T 
WALL  IN  THE  MARSHE. 

In  primis  paid  to  Thomas  Somars  hi  pte  of 
his  worke  ........  00  06 

Itm  for  sawinge  Spiles  .  .  .  .      00  03 

Itm  to  Wolnaugh  for  caryinge  two  loads  of 
spiles  and  tymber  and  one  load  of  broome 
to  slawtinge  ..  ..  ..  .  .  06  02 

Itm  for  labourers  to  work  att  the  wall  in 
Marsbe  ........  00  06 


OP 
00" 

02? 

0& 


00* 


06* 


00' 
00> 


06' 
00' 

Q8- 
*] 


04 

07 

06 

Marche  12. 

Itm  to  labourers  the  12  of  Marche  ..  00  10  06- 
Itm  for  caryinge  of  a  load  of  Broome  to 

slawtinge         ..  ..  ..  00  09  00 

Itm  more  to  Tho  :    Somers     .  .  .  .      00  06  09 

Itm  to  two  men  fo  £  daies  worke  .  .  00  01  00 
Itm  to  young  pownd  for  i  daies  worke  00  00  OS- 
Ttm  paid  the  14  of  Marche  to  Robt  Johnson 

and  young  bea  .  .  .  .  .  .      00  00  06 

Itm  the  16  of  Marche  to  George  the  Ska  veil- 

man     .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  ..00  06  00 

Itm   to    Thomas   Cooke    for    55    foote    i    of 

tymber  att  7d  the  foot         ..  ..      01  12  04. 

Itm  for  10  barrowes     .  .  .  .  .  .      00  10  00 

Itm  for  15  foote  of  Ashe  for  spiles  att  8  the 

foote    ..........      00  10  00* 

Itm  for  7  beetes  .  .  .  .  .  .      00  02  06- 

Itm.   for    a    dayes    worke    for    him   and    his 

man  00  02  Q&> 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12 S.VHI. APRILS  1021. 


18. 

"JEtm  more   to    George   the    Skavellman   mcli 
the    18th  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  04   06 

Itni  the  same  day  to  Tho  Somers     . .      00  12  08 
Itm  the  same  day  to  young  pownd    . .      00  00  06 
Itni  the   same   day  to   George   the   Skavell- 
man      03  00  09' 

21. 

Itm   to    John    Taylor    for   his   mans    worke 
mche  21  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  04  00 

Itm  more  for  a  dales  work      . .  . .      00  00  06 

Itm    to    Thomas    Somers    for    lendinge    the 
sluce    . .          . .  . .  . .  . .      00  01  00 

24. 

•Itm  to  yaxleys  svant  for  work  . .      00  01  06 

,Itm  for  a  shulve  that  was  broken      . .      00  00  08 
.Itm  for  half  a  daies  work       . .  . .      00  00  06 

Itm  more  for  a  dales  work      . .  . .      00  01  00 

Htm      for      cuttinge      heath      in       Sizewell 

Comon  .  .  .  .  . .  00  03  04 

Itm  to  Boothe  for  tendinge  the  sluce     00  06  00 
.Itm  to  Wolnoughe  for  caryinge  half  a  load  of 
brome  . .  . .  . .  00  00  04 

Htm  to  M.r  hayward  for  ii  loads  and  half  of 
broms  . .  . .  . .  00  01  00 

I  Itm  to  him  for  a  gune  of  bere  . .      00  03  06 

Itm  for  two  cans  and  tapps  . .  . .      00  00  07 

!ltm  to  Mathewe  Goodinge  for  3  forks     00  00  06 
Itm  for  a  payre  of  tynes  for  a  fork  . .      00  00  06 
.Itm   to    Thomas    Somers    for    fynishing   the 
breach  . .  . .  . .  10  00  00 

Htm  paid  to  the  widow  Gildersleeves  for  the 
.use  of  a  lyter  . .  . .  . .      00  09  00 


Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 


18  09  04 
ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 


DEATHS. — The  following  notes  may  be 
found  useful : — 

At  Edinburgh,  Dec.  30,  1788,  Hon.  Geo. 
•  Cranstoun. 

At  London,  Dec.  28,  1788,  Rev.  John 
Logan. 

At  Cork,  Dec.  16,  1788,  Mary  Welsh,  wife 
of  John  Anderson. 

At  Tanfield,  Jan.  3,  1.789,  Margaret  Grant, 
widow  of  George  Cowan,  cabinet -maker  in 
^Edinburgh. 

At  Campbeltown,  Jan.  2,  1789,  Ronald 
XU^mpbell. 

At  Captaintown,  Jan.  2,  1789,  William 
McKinnell,  merchant  in  Dumfries. 

At  London,  January,  1789,  William 
Maude,  Esq.,  Army  agent  in  Downing  Street. 
J*  At  London,  January,  1789,  William 
Da-vson,  Esq.,  formerly  a  captain  in  the 
57th  Regiment  of  Foot. 

At  Alderston,  Jan.  8,  1789,  Alexander 
-Orme. 

At  Leith,  Jan.  o,  1789,  Isabel  Mitchel, 
iwidow  of  Capt.  Robert  Robb. 


At  Edinburgh,  Jan.  8,  1789,  Anne  Hay, 
wife  of  Alexander  McDougal,  surgeon  in 
Edinburgh. 

At  Spatt,  East  Lothian,  Jan.  6,  1789, 
Rev.  William  Crombie,  minister  of  Spott. 

(12/1 /y.) 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove.  Sussex. 

LABRADOR  FANCIES. — In  'A  Labrador 
Doctor,'  Wilfred  Thomason  Grenfell,  M.D., 
states  (pp.  143,  144): — 

"  There  is  a  great  belief  in  fairies  on  the  coast. 
....  More  than  one  had  given  currency  if  not 
credence  to  the  belief  that  the  reason  why  the 
bull's-eye  was  so  hard  to  hit  in  one  of  our  running 
deer  rifle  matches  was  that  we  had  previously 
charmed  it.  If  a  woman  sees  a  hare  without 
cutting  out  and  keeping  a  portion  of  the  dress  she 
is  then  wearing,  her  child  will  be  born  with  a  hare 
lip.  When  stripping  a  person  for  examination 
I  noticed  that  he  removed  from  his  neck  what 
appeared  to  be  a  very  large  scapular. .  .  .It  was 
a  haddock's  fin-bone — a  charm  against  rheuma- 
tism. The  peculiarity  of  the  fin  consists  in  the 
fact  that  the  fish  must  be  taken  from  the  water 
and  the  fin  cut  out  before  the  animal  touches 
anything  whatever,  especially  the  boat.  Any 
one  who  has  seen  a  trawl  landed  knows  how 
difficult  a  task  this  would  be,  with  the  jumping 
squirming  fish  to  cope  with." 

The  difficulty  of  getting  the  remedy  is 
naturally  a  safeguard  of  its  reputation. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

PILGRIMS. — In  the  discussion  on  London 
street  "  grottoes  "  (12  S.  vii.  209,  237, 
238,  316)  and  in  the  earlier  one  on  Eng- 
lish Pilgrimages  with  special  reference 
to  Santiago  de  Compostela  (12  S.  i.  275, 
396,  455  :  ii.  379)  no  one  referred  to  Dante's 
'  Vita  Nuova,'  which  contains  this  passage 
(I  quote  from  Rossetti's  translation)  :-— 

"  And  I  wrote  this  sonnet,  which  beginneth 
'  Ye  pilgrim  folk.'  I  made  use  of  the  word  pilgrim 
for  its  general  signification  ;  for  '  pilgrim  '  may 
be  understood  in  two  senses,  one  general,  and  one 
special.  General,  so  far  as  any  man  may  be  called 
a  pilgrim  who  leaveth  the  place  of  his  birth  ; 
whereas,  more  narrowly  speaking,  he  only  is  a 
pilgrim  who  goeth  towards  or  frowards  the  House 
of  St.  James.  For  there  are  three  separate 
denominations  proper  unto  those  who  undertake 
journeys  to  the  glory  of  God.  They  are  called 
Palmers  who  go  beyond  the  seas  eastward,  whence 
often  they  bring  palm-branches.  And  Pilgrims, 
as  I  have  said,  are  they  who  journey  unto  the  holy 
House  of  Gallicia  ;  seeing  that  no  other  apostle 
was  buried  so  far  from  his  birthplace  as  was  the 
blessed  Saint  James.  And  there  is  a  third  sort 
who  are  called  Romers  ;  in  that  they  go  whither 
those  whom  I  havv?  called  pilgrims  went  :  which 
is  to  say  unto  Rome."  fe. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


12  s.  viii.  APRIL  2, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


GOUNOD'S  PIANO. — A  Brixton  musical 
instrument  dealer,  in  the  Coldharbour  Lane, 
lias  lately  had  an  interesting  exhibit  on 
view.  According  to  the  card  in  front 

"  This  unique  Table  Pianoforte  was  the  original 
ipiano  used  by  Gounod,  the  great  composer,  upon 
"which  he  composed  his  world-famous  operas, 
•'  Faust,'  &c." 

The  maker  of  the  instrument  was  "  Pape  " 
of  "Paris  &  Londres. "  There  is  in  ex- 
istence a  lithograph  print  of  the  "  Abbe 
Gounod  "  (taken  in  the  forties)  standing  by 
'•the  side  of  a  similar  piano.  The  biography 
•of  the  great  composer  in  Grove's  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Music,'  states  : — 

"  It  was  at  this  period  that  he  attended  for 

two  years  a  course  of  theology  ;  in  1846  he  even 

became  an  out-pupil  at  the  '  S^minaire,'  and  it 

'was  generally  expected  that  he  would  take  orders.' 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

•36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

HALF-SOVEREIGN  :  EARLY  USE  OF  TERM. 
— In  a  deed  of  1552  concerning  sale  of 
property  at  St.  Sepulchre  without  Newgate 
payment  was  due  "  in  good  and  lawfull 
•curia, unt  golde  of  England  that  is  to  say 
.in  halfe  Sufferans  and  Angell  nobles." 

W.  BRADBROOK. 
JBletchley,  Bucks. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  fam  ily  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


HERALDRY  :  ST.  AUGUSTINE'S  ABBEY, 
BRISTOL. — All  histories  of  Bristol  Cathedral 
{one  copying  from  another  I  suppose)  assert 
that  the  arms  of  the  See  of  Bristol,  viz.  : 
Sable,  three  ducal  crowns  in  pale,  or.  are 
the  same  as  those  used,  by  the  previously 
existing  Monastery  of  St.  Augustine's,  but 
from  a  search  made  at  Herald's  College  it 
would  appear  that  arms  were  never  granted 
to  the  Abbey. 

When  Henry  VIII  founded  the  Bristol 
Bishopric  after  the  suppression  of  the  Abbey 
and  turned  the  Monastic  Church  into  the 
present  Cathedral  Church  it  was  dedicated 
to  "the  Holy  and  Individed  Trinity,"  and 
the  arms  of  the  See  are  recorded  at  Herald's 
'College  charged  with  three  crowns ;  Bishop 
•G.  F.  Browne  says,  of  the  Trinity — "  celestial 
•crowns,"  but  are  they  not  properly  bla- 
zoned as  ;'open  ducal  coronets"  (golden 


strawberry  leaves)  ?  If  the  above  coat  was 
not  borne  by  the  Abbey  (whether  granted 
or  not)  can  anyone  explain  the  appearance  of 
this  shield  in  the  south-east  window  of  the 
former  chancel  of  Bristol  Cathedral  (now 
the  Eastern  Lady  Chapel)  ?  Much  of  the 
glass  in  this  and  near  by  windows  dates 
from  the  early  fourteenth  century,  and  if 
any  expert  in  old  glass  can  tell  me  that  this 
particular  shield,  is  of  an  earlier  date  than 
the  dissolution  of  the  Monastery  in  1539,  then 
the  statement  that  the  Abbey  and  See  arms 
are  identical  would  be  verified,  though  I 
should  still  desire  to  know  why  this  shield 
was  adopted  by  the  Abbey  as  the  arms  were 
not  the  founder's,  nor  borne  by  any  bene- 
factor that  I  know  of.  I  am  aware  that 
these  windows  underwent  restoration  in  the 
middle  of  last  century,  but  the  ancient 
glass  in  all  of  them  was  most  carefully  re- 
tained. 

The'  Abbey  had  its  own  seal.  Can  anyone 
tell  me  what  device  it  bore  ?  If  the  "  three 
ducal  crowns,"  then  the  point  in  question 
would,  so  far,  be  cleared  up. 

THOS.  G.  SIMMONDS. 

The  Hill,  Congresbury. 

CIDER  AND  RHEUMATISM. — Those  who 
habitually  drink  cider  are  said  never  to 
suffer  from  rheumatism.  Is  there  any 
reliable  information  on  this  matter  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

GLOBIST. — In  the  Danish  18th  century 
weekly,  Patrollen,  a  lady  contributor,  writing 
in  the  number  of  March  27,  1765,  about 
coquetry  in  church,  reproaches  the  members 
of  the  other  sex  with  counting  among  them- 
selves "  some  animals  which  the  English 
Spectator  has  very  forcibly  called  by  the 
name  of  Globists — at  der  iblant  Deres  Kion 
ereiogle  Dyr,  som  den  Engelske  '  Spectator  ' 
meget  effertrykkelig  har  betegnet  under  det 
Navn  of  Globister"  The  word,  if  English 
as  here  implied, cannot  of  course  in  anyway 
be  identical  with  the  only  Globists  the 
'  N.E.D.'  knows  of,  but  would  seem  to  be 
connected  with  "  globe "  in  the  sense  of 
"eye-ball."  Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
further  information,  and  quote  the  passage 
from  The  Spectator  where  it  occurs  ? 

They  may  be  interested  to  hear,  and  it 
may  even  conceivably  lead  them  on  to  the 
right  track,  that  the  editor  of  The  Patrol 
advises  his  fair  correspondent  to  make  her 
fiance  "  glare  in  his  turn  on  those  globists — 
at  gloe  igien  paa  disse  Olobistere  "—  a  new 
plural  form  whereby  Globister  is  made  into 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [i2s.vm.  APRIL 2, 1021. 


a  singular.  Clearly,  then,  the  editor, 
whether  by  a  conscious  joke  or  not,  con- 
nected the  word  with  the  Danish  at  glo, 
anglice,  "  to  glow"  ('N.E.D.,'  in  voce2)  in 
the  now  apparently  exclusively  dialectal 
sense  of  "to  stare." 

The  substance  of  the  present  query  is 
taken  from  a  note  by  M[arius]  K[ristensen] 
in  the  *  Danske  Studier,'  Kobenhavn,  1907, 
p.  140.  H.  LOGEMAN. 

University  of  Ghent,  Belgium. 

THOMAS  BROOKS  OF  BATH. — Can  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  if  Thomas  Brooks,  Esq., 
of  Gay  Street,  parish  of  Walcot,  Bath,  who 
died  there  in  1838 — vide  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine— is  buried  there,  and  if  there  is  a 
monument  or  tombstone  to  him  in  any  of 
the  Bath  churches  ?  He  was  eldest  son  of 
Robert  Brooks  of  Kingham,  Oxon  ;  a  free- 
man of  the  City  of  London  ;  and  obtained  a 
frant  of  arms  from  Herald's  College  in  1786. 
or  some  time  he  lived  in  Chadlington, 
Oxon.,  which  Manor  he  held  in  right  of  his 
second  wife,  Catherine,  dau.  of  Windsor 
Sandys,  Esq.,  of  Miserden,  Glos.  and  widow 
of  William  Bayntun,  Esq.,  of  Gray's  Inn 
and  Chadlington.  E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 
122  Beaufort  Mansions,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

WILLIAM  CECIL,  SECOND  EARL  OF  EXETER. 
— A  note  in  the  handwriting  of  Robert 
Beale  (Yelverton  MSS.,  31,465)  dealing 
with  the  year  1586  tells  us  that 

"  The  Bishop  of  Glasgow,  the  Scottish  Q.'s  Am- 
bassador in  France,  had  written  unto  her  how  W. 
Cecill,  son  and  heir  to  Sir  Tho.  Cecill,  had  been  at 
Rome  and  reconciled." 

Did  he  remain  a  Catholic  ?  His  only  son, 
William,  born  in  1590,  who  succeeded  his 
mother  in  1591  as  Lord  de  Roos,  died  a 
Catholic  at  Naples  without  issue,  June  27, 
1618,  before  his  father's  accession  to  the 
Earldom.  By  the  Bishop  of  Glasgow  is 
meant  James  Beaton,  Archbishop  of  Glasgow, 
as  to  whom  see  the  '  D.N.B.' 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

SECOND  BISHOP  OF  CARLISLE. — Who  was 
this  person  ?  Bernard  is  so  called,  but  he  is 
disputed.  Can  any  reader  help  me  to  solve 
this  mystery?  I.  F. 

SUGAR  HOUSES,  LONDON. — Amongst  the 
Briefs  and  Collections  made  in  St.  Michael's 
Church,  Torpenhow,  Cumberland,  is  one 
showing  that  the  sum  of  3s.  was  collected  on 
Nov.  17,  1672,  for  losses  in  the  Sugar  Houses, 
London.  Where  were  these  houses  ? 

I.  F. 


PAPER  WATERMARK. — Can  any  reader  tell 
me  the  approximate  date  of  paper  water- 
marked with  the  letters  I.H.S.  having  the 
word  "  Ivilledary  "  beneath.  There  is  alsa 
a  supplementary  watermark  of  a  crowned 
fleur-d€-lis  with  the  figure  4  and  the  letters 
L.V.G.  beneath  ? 

The  paper  appears  to  be  laid  paper  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  F.  M.  M. 

DEAN  TOOGOOD  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School 'in  July,  1723,  aged  12.  I 
should  be  glad  of  any  information  concern- 
ing his  parentage  and  career.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

ANDERSON  FAMILY,  BARONETS  OF 
BROUGHTON. — Stephen,  the  sixth  son  of 
Sir  Edmund  Anderson,  created  a  baronet 
Dec.  11,  1660,  married  Mary,  daughter  of" 
Alderman  Lukyn  of  Cambridge.  I  seek  the- 
date  of  his  birth  and  marriage,  and  the- 
names  of  his  children,  one  of  whom,  I  under- 
stand settled  in  Edinburgh. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

"  THE  GOLDEN  BALL,  in  Southampton 
Street,  St.  Giles's." — This  address  is  given 
in  July  ,U  700.  Was  it,  or  is  it  likely  to  have 
been,  a  ^tavern  ?  G.  B.  M. 

POLISH  "  EMIGRES  "  ON  FRENCH  PRI- 
VATEERS.— I  should  be  glad  to  know  where 
I  can  obtain  a  detailed,  if  possible  contem- 
porary, account  of  the  capture  of  the  French 
privateer  Messalena,  6  guns,  by  H.M.S. 
Prometheus  off  Danzig,  October,  1810. 
Were  there  any  Polish  emigres  on  board  the- 
French  vessel  ? 

I  should  also  like  to  hear  whether  there- 
are  any  recorded  cases  of  French  privateers 
or  warships  (captured  or  sunk,  1793—1814) 
carrying  Poles  either  as  passengers  or  crew. 
About  this  time,  of  course,  large  numbers 
of  Poles  entered  Napoleon's  army,  and 
while  I  have  heard  of  several  who  served  on 
privateers  or  warships  I  have  never  been  able 
to  find  anything  very  definite  about  them. 
LAURENCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142  Kinfauns  Road,  Goodmayes,  Essex. 

'  GIOVANNI  SBOGARRO.' — In  1830,  accord- 
ing to  '  The  English  Catalogue,'  Baldwin 
published  in  two  duodecimo  volumes  "  Gio- 
vanni Sbogarro,"  a  Venetian  tale,  translated 
from  the  French  by  Percival  Gordon.  Who- 
wrote  the  original  ?  Where  can  I  see  the- 
original  which  is  not  in  the  B.M.  ? 

J.    M.    BULLOCH.. 

37  Bedford  Square. 


12  s.  viii.  APRIL 2, 1921.]   NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


"  SINGING -BREAD." — In  his  '  Popular  Anti- 
quities '  vol.  i,  p.  131,  Brand  refers  to  the 
custom  of  laying  "  Singing-bread  "  in  the 
grave  : — 

And,  least  in  grave  he  should  remain  without  some 

companie. 
The  mmging  bread  is  layde  with  him,   for  more 

idolatrie. 

Will  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  help  by  ex- 
plaining the  term  "  Singing-bread  ?  "  S.  A. 

THE  RABBIT  IN  COMPARATIVE  RELIGION. — 
Among  the  ancient  Mexicans  the  rabbit 
(Tochtli)  was  regarded  as  a  drink-god.  The 
rabbit  also  figures  in  the  Sforza  Hour-book 
and  in  the  beautiful  Rheims  tapestries. 

Will  readers  furnish  other  instances  of 
the  rabbit  in  religious  symbology  ?  S.  A. 

IRELAND  FAMILY  HISTORY.  —  Various 
branches  of  this  family  are  settled  in  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  and  Ireland ;  and  it  is 
curious  that  the  territorial  name  appears  to 
have  been  conferred  before  any  members  of 
the  family  had  settled  in  Ireland.  The 
origin  of  the  name  is  a  family  legend,  accord- 
ing to  which  a  king  of  England  summoned 
an  Irish  chieftain  to  his  presence  and,  for- 
getting or  being  unable  to  pronounce  the 
native  name  of  the  representative,  called 
for  "Ireland."  Historical  evidence  of  the 
authenticity  of  this  legend  would  be  wel- 
come. The  arms  of  the  family  —  gules 
six  fleur-de-lis,  two  and  one,  on  a  shield 
argent — suggest  that  the  Irelands  are  of 
Korman  origin.  A  faded  photograph  of  a 
pedigree  traces  the  descent  of  the  knightly 
house  of  de  Courcy -Ireland  from  Charlemagne, 
Emperor  of  the  West  and  King  of  France. 
Unfortunately,  the  letterpress  is  illegible, 
but  the  coats  of  arms  are  distinct.  The 
Ireland  crest  is  :  proper  a  dove  with  an 
olive  branch  ;  and  the  motto  is  :  Amor  et 
pax. 

Information  is  sought  in  connection  with 
the  compilation  of  a  history  of  the  family. 
ARTHUR  J.  IRELAND. 

36  Stanhope  Road,  St.  Albans,  Herts 

SHAKESPEARE  QUERY. — In  Act  I.  sc.  iii- 
1.  33  of  '  Troilus  and  Cressida,'  Nestor  says 
to  Agamemnon  : — 

In  the  reproof  of  chance 
Lies  the  true  proof  of  men. 

Does  "  the  reproof  of  chance "  mean  the 
resistance  offered  to  chance,  or  the  blow  or 
buffet  inflicted  by  chance  ?  Something  may 
be  said  for  each  interpretation.  Have  the 
great  critics  ever  thought  the  point  worthy 
of  their  consideration  ?  NINGHA. 


BRINSMADE. — I  shall  be  interested  to 
discover  any  information  regarding  the 
English  home  of  this  family,  members  of 
which  emigrated  to  America  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  Of  these  John  Brins- 
made  was  a  freeman  of  Dorchester,  Mass. 
in  1638,  and  William,  probably  his  brother, 
graduated  from  Harvard,  preached  for  a 
time  to  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims,  and  sub- 
sequently held  a  pastorate  at  Marlborough, 
Mass,  for  40  years.  CHAS.  FENTON. 

10  Vineyard  Hill,  Wimbledon,  S.W.19. 

AUSTRALIAN  JUDICATURE. — Rolf  Boldre- 
wood  in  his  novel  '  Nevermore  '  referring  to 
the  attendant  concomitants  of  a  criminal 
trial  inf^ Australia  mentions  a  Quarter  Ses- 
sional Court  presided  over  by  a  judge  and 
addressed  as  "  His  Honour."  Barristers 
plead  and  the  acting  sheriff,  bailiff  and 
retinue  of  minor  officials  attend  these  juris- 
dictional  courts  where  Crown  prosecutors 
appear.  In  what  way  do  colonially  consti- 
tuted courts  deviate  from  precedents  appli- 
cable to  English  tribunals  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 
Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

TENNYSON  QUERIES. — :In  '  Locksley  Hall  * 
(in  the  vision  of  the  word)  : — 

1.  Far  along  the  world-wide  whisper  of  the  south- 

wind  rushing  warm. 
With  the   standards    of    the    peoples   plunging 

through  the  thunderstorm. 
Why  the  south  wind  ?     Is  there  any  special 
reference  ? 

2.  Ring  out  a  slowly  dying  cause. 

— ('In  Memoriam.') 
Is  any  special  "  cause  "  referred  to  ? 

T.  HENDERSON. 
Mapumulo,  Natal. 

CLASSICAL  QUOTATIONS  IN  POE'S  WORKS. 
— I  am  anxious  to  locate  the  sources  of 
three  of  E.  A.  Poe's  quotations  : — 

1.  From.  '  Politian  '  : — • 

To  gaze  upon  that  veiled  face,  and  hear 
R^F  Once  more  that  silent  tongue. 
This  is  similar  to  Catullus  Ixv.  9-11,  but  has 
not  been  definitely  located. 

2.  "  Vox  et  praeterea  nihil."     Poe  wrongly 
says  this  is  from  Catullus. 

3.  The  motto  to   'The  Purloined  Letter,' 
"  nil    sapientiae    odiosius    acumine    nimio." 
Poe  ascribes  this  to  Seneca,  whether  rightly 
or  not,  I  cannot  say. 

THOMAS  OLLIVE  MABBOTT. 

14  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

[2.  On  "  vox,  et  praeterea  nihil  "  Prof.  Bensly 
wrote  at  10  S.  ii.  281  :—  •  \ 

"  Mr.  King  [King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign 
Quotations  ']  says  :  '  It  is  probable  that  the 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  VIIL  APRIL  2, 1921. 


quotation  is  merely  the  Latin  translation  of 
Plutarch's  anecdote  '  (Apophthegm.  Lacon.  incert. 
xiii.).  Xylander's  Translation  of  the  passage  is 
*  vox  tu  es,  et  nihil  praeterea.'  Lipsius,  at  the 
beginning  of  his  '  Adversus  Dialogistam  Liber,' 
has  :  '  Lacon  quidam  ad  lusciniam ;  vox  es, 
praeterea  nihil,'  This  confirms  Mr.  King's  view."] 

AUTHOR  or  POEM  WANTED. — Can  anyone  tell 
me  who  was  the  author  of  a  poem  entitled  '  The 
Centenary  of  the  Bells,  St.  Mary's,  Wareham, 
Dorsetshire,'  which  appeared  anonymously  in  All 
the  Year  Round*  May  9,  1885,  vol.  xxxvi.,  n.s., 
p.  178  ?  R.  M. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — 

I  am  desirous  of  finding  the  author  of  the 
following  lines  : — 

Croon  of  surf  on  the  shore, 

Song  of  birds  in  the  glade, 
Dance  and  flutter  of  painted  wings 
To  the  drowsy  murmur  of  hidden  springs, 
And  a  clear  sharp  note  that  echoing  rings 
From  the  kiss  of  stone  and  blade. 

H.  P.  BARWOOD. 
83  Ermine  Road,  Lewisham,  S.E.13. 


RICHARD  III. 

WILLIAM  HERBERT  EARL  OF  HUNTINGDON. 
(12  S.  viii.   169,  215,  257.) 

THERE  seems  no  reason  to  doubt  that  a 
marriage  between  William  Herbert,  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,  and  Katharine  Plantagenet, 
illegitimate  daughter  of  Richard  III.,  took 
place. 

Sir  William  Dugdale,  in  the  second  volume 
of  his  '  Baronage  '  (1676),  states  that  on  the 
last  day  of  February,  1483--4,  the  said  Earl 
entered  into  covenants  with  the  King  to 
take  Dame  Katharine  Plantagenet,  his 
daughter,  to  wife,  before  the  Feast  of  St. 
Michael  next  following,  and  to  make  her  a 
jointure  in  lands  of  200Z.  per  annum,  the 
King  undertaking  to  settle  lands  and  lord- 
ships of  1000  marks  per  annum  upon  them 
and  their  heirs  male  ;  whereof  600  marks 
per  annun  were  to  be  in  possession  and 
after  the  decease  of  Thomas,  Lord  Stanley 
400  marks  per  annum  more.  Also  that  in 
the  meantime  they  were  to  receive  from  the 
King  400  marks  per  annum  out  of  the  lord- 
ships of  Newport,  Brecknock,  and  Hay,  in 
Wales  ;  the  King  further  promising  to  be  at 
the  whole  charge  of  the  wedding.  Dugdale 
adds  :  "  Whether  this  Marriage  took  effect 
or  not,  I  cannot  say  :  for  sure  it  is  that  she 
died  in  her  tender  years." 


In   one  of  the  Patent   Rolls  of  Mar.    3, 
483-4  there  is  recorded  a 

"Grant  bo  the  king's  kinsman,  William  Earl  of 
Huntyngdon,  and  Dame  Katharine  Plantagenet  of 
in  annuity  of  400  marks  yearly  from  Michaelmas 
ast  during  the  life  of  Thomas,  lord  Stanley,  from 
he  issues  of  the  lordships  of  Newport,  Brekenok, 
,nd  Hay  in  Wales.'1— Gal.  Pat.  Rolls. 

In  another  Patent  dated  Mar.  8,  1484-5, 
here  is  record  of  a 

"Grant  to  the  king's  kinsman,  William,  earl  of 
Huntingdon,  and  Katharine  his  wife  of  an  annuity 
)f  1521.  IQs.  IQd.  from  the  issues  of  the  king's  posses- 
ions  in  the  counties  of  Caermerden  and  Cardigan 
and  of  the  king's  lordship  of  Haverford   West  in 
South  Wales  until  they  shall  have  of  the    king's 
grant  to  themselves  and  the  heirs  of  their  bodies, 
ordships,   manors,  lands  and   other  possessions  to 
he  same  value."— Cal.  Pat.  Rolls. 

I  have  seen  no  further  mention  in  the 
State  Papers  of  this  Katharine  Plantagenet, 
who,  it  may  be  noticed,  is  described  in  one 
of  the  above  grants  as  wife  of  William,  Earl 
of  Huntingdon,  and  it  is  doubtless  correct, 
as  stated  by  Dugdale,  that  she  died 
young. 

There  is  a  matter  connected  with  William 
Herbert,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  which  may 
be  considered  of  sufficient  interest  to  be  here 
worth  noting,  a  few  preliminary  remarks 
being  necessary. 

This  William  succeeded  as  second  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  of  the  first  Herbert  creation, 
on  the  execution  of  his  father,  William 
Herbert,  the  first  Earl,  on  July  27,  1469, 
during  the  Wars  of  the  Roses.  Nearly  three 
years  before  his  father's  death,  he,  being 
then  the  eldest  son  and  heir,  married  Mary 
Wydville,  daughter  of  Richard  Wydville, 
Earl  Rivers,  and  sister  to  Elizabeth,  Queen- 
Consort  of  Edward  IV.,  the  marriage,  as 
recorded  in  the  'Annals'  of  William 
Worcester,  a  contemporary  writer,  taking 
place  at  Windsor,  in  September,  1466. 

By  Mary  Wydville,  this  William,  second 
Earl  of  Pembroke  (afterwards  Earl  of 
Huntingdon),  had  an  only  daughter,  Eliza- 
beth, who,  in  the  inquisition  post  mortem 
of  her  uncle  Richard  Wydville,  third  Earl 
Rivers,  dated  Aug.  4,  7  Hen.  VII.  (1492),  is 
described  as  being  then  16  years  old  and 
more,  and  in  another  inquisition,  of  Nov.  20, 
23  Hen.  VII.  (1507),  made  subsequent  to  the 
death  of  her  uncle  Sir  Walter  Herbert,  her 
father's  brother,  she  is  entered  as  then 
30  years  old  and  upwards.  She  married  Sir 
Charles  Somerset,  an  illegitimate  son  of  the 
Duke  of  Somerset,  which  Sir  Charles  was 
afterwards  created  Earl  of  Worcester  and 
was  ancestor  of  the  Dukes  of  Beaufort. 


i2s.  viii.  APBO,  2,  mi.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


William  Herbert,  second  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
held  that  Earldom  until  1479,  in  which  year, 
Edward  IV.,  wishing  to  confer  the  Pembroke 
title  on  his  son,  Prince  Edward,  Herbert, 
at  the  King's  request,  surrendered  his  earl- 
-dom,  and  was  created  instead  Earl  of 
Huntingdon. 

The  point,  however,  to  which  it  is  specially 
wished  to  call  attention  is  the  following: 
,  Sir  William  Dugdale  in  his  *  Baronage,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  257  (1676),  states  that  William 
Herbert,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  died, 
"  leaving  William  his  Son  and  Heir  nine 
years  of  age  upon  the  fifth  of  March  the 
same  year,"  which  year  Dugdale  describes  as 
'9  Edward  IV.  As.  that  King's  reign  began 
on  Mar.  4,  1460/lj  and  as  the  birthday  of 
William,  the  son  and  heir  of  the  first  Earl, 
was  Mar.  5,  Dugdale's  statement  would 
mean  that  William,  the  heir,  was  born 
Mar.  5,  1459/60,  and  that  he  therefore 

-  completed  his  9th  year  on  Mar.  5,   1468  /9, 
and  was,  consequently,  9  years  old  when  his 
father  was  beheaded,  in  July,    1469.     The 
'D.N.B.'  gives  the  date  of  the  heir's  birth 
as    Mar.    5,    1460,    and    as,    doubtless,    the 
historical  year  is  meant,  it  is  in  agreement 
with    Dugdale.     Collins,    in    his    '  Peerage,' 
repeats  Dugdale' s  statement  as  to  the  heir's 
age,  but  G.  E.  C.'s  '  Peerage  '  enters  the  date 
of  the  heir's  birth  as  Mar.  5,  1460/1,  which 
would  mean  that  he  completed  his  8th  year 
on  Mar.  5,  1468/9,  and  was  therefore  only 
8  at  his  father's  death  the  following  July. 
Doyle  says  that  the  second  Earl  was  born 
Mar.     5,     1461,    presumably  .  meaning    the 
historical  year,  and  so  in  agreement,  as  to 
the  heir's  age,  with  G.  E.  C.,  who  uses  the 
civil  reckoning. 

What  Dugdale  says,  however,  as  to  the 
age  of  the  heir  at  the  first  Earl's  death,  and 
the  statements  of  the  various  authorities 
above  mentioned,  on  the  same  point,  are  not 
correct. 

A  year  ago  I  examined  carefully  at  the 
Record  Office  the  original  documents  there 
preserved  of  the  inquisitions  post  mortem, 
of  William  Herbert,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
taken  shortly  after  his  death  in  July,  1469. 
'  These  documents  are  written  on  parchment, 
in  contracted  Latin.  Three  separate  in- 
quisitions of  the  Earl's  estates  were  made, 
at  slightly  differing  dates,  and  by  three 
different  juries,  one  at  Hereford,  another  at 
Gloucester,  for  these  two  shires  and  the 
Marches  of  Wales  adjacent,  and  a  third  at 
London  for  the  deceased's  propertv  there 

-  situated.     In  all  three  inquisitions,  William, 


the  first  Earl's  son  and  heir,  who  succeeded 
as  second  Earl,  is  stated  to  have  been 
14  years  of  age  in  the  ninth  year  of  Edward  IV. 
In  two  of  the  inquisitions  the  heir's  age  is 
entered  in  numerals  "  xiiij.,"  and  in  one, 
viz.,  that  taken  in  London,  the  age  is  in 
writing — "  quatuordecim."  As  this  differs 
considerably  from  Dugdale' s  statement,  as 
well  as  from  what  is  said  on  the  subject  by 
other  authorities,  above  referred  to,  I  asked 
one  of  the  experts  at  the  Record  Office  to 
examine  the  documents  with  me,  and  this  he 
was  good  enough  to  do,  and  he  at  once  said 
that  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  that 
the  age  of  William,  the  eldest  son  and  heir 
of  the  deceased  Earl,  is  entered  in  the  three 
inquisitions  as  being  14  in  ninth  Edward  IV 
This  means  that  William,  second  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  and  afterwards  Earl  of  Hunting- 
don, was  born  on  Mar.  5,  1454  /5,  and  not  on 
Mar.  5,  1459/60,  or  1460/1. 

I  would  suggest  the  following  as  a  possible 
explanation  of  the  error  in  Dugdale' s 
'  Baronage.'  In  his  account  of  the  first 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  Dugdale  mentions  the 
inquisition  as  being  taken  shortly  after  the 
Earl's  death,  and  gives  a  long  list  of  the 
estates  of  the  deceased,  taken  from  the 
inquisition.  There  is  some  ground  for 
thinking  that  Dugdale  drew  his  information 
as  to  the  age,  and  date  of  birth  of  the 
deceased  Earl's  son  and  heir,  from  one  of 
these  inquisitions,  viz.,  from  that  taken  at 
Hereford,  which  contains  the  longest  list  of 
the  deceased  Earl's  castles,  manors,  &c. 

It  is  possible  that  the  entries  of  the  heir's 
age  in  the  two  other  inquisitions,  those 
made  at  London  and  Gloucester,  were  ex- 
amined by  someone  whose  investigation 
Dugdale  accepted,  and  it  also  seems  possible 
that  the  first  numeral  in  the  heir's  age,  as 
entered  in  the  Hereford  inquisition,  viz.,  x., 
which  was  somewhat  unusually  formed  by 
the  scribe,  was  mistaken  for  a  v.,  which 
might,  on  a  careless  inspection  have  hap- 
pened, and  that  the  entry  of  the  age  was, 
in  consequence,  erroneously  copied  as  9. 
Such  mistake  would  exactly  represent  the 
extent  of  the  error,  viz.,  5  years,  in  Dugdale' s 
'  Baronage,'  and  in  later  works,  whose 
authors,  doubtless,  in  most  cases  took  their 
statements  from  Dugdale.  The  Hereford 
inquisition  alone  mentions  the  date  of  the 
month  (Mar.  5)  on  which  the  heir  was  born 
The  other  two  inquisitions  describe  him  e- 
being  14  years  old  and  more,  one,  at  L^ 
father's  death,. and  the  other,  in  the  ninth  year 
of  Edward  IV.,  but  do  not  name  his  birthday. 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  a  VIIL  APRIL  2, 1021. 


The  words  in  the  Hereford  inquisition 
which  refer  to  the  heir's  age,  and  which  are 
preceded  in  the  document  by  a  statement 
that  William  the  heir  was  then  Earl,  and 
son  and  heir  of  the  late  Earl,  are,  with  the 
Latin  extended,  as  follows  :  "  et  est  etatis 
'xiiij.  Annorum  quinto  die  martii  Anno  nono 
predict*  domini  Regis."  This  clearly  means 
that  the  heir  was  14  years  old  at  his  father's 
death  in  July,  1469,  as  the  ninth  year  of 
Edward  IV.  commenced,  as  already  men- 
tioned, on  Mar.  4  preceding  that  July. 

The  London  inquisition  was  taken  in  the 
Guildhall,  by  Richard  Lee,  Mayor  of  London 
in  1 469-70,  and  escheator  for  the  City. 

The  corrected  age  of  the  second  Earl  of 
Pembroke  explains  certain  hitherto  obscure 
points  in  connection  with  his  history,  which 
are  too  long  to  enter  fully  into  here.  It 
may,  however,  be  mentioned  that  as  his 
daughter,  Lady  Elizabeth  Herbert,  was 
16  years  old  and  more  in  1492,  as  shown  by 
the  inquisition  of  her  uncle,  Lord  Rivers, 
she  must  have  been  born  in  or  about  1476, 
at  which  date  her  father,  had  he  been  only 
9  years  old  in  1469,  would  have  been  but  a 
boy,  whereas  he  was  about  21  years  of  age 
at  the  time  of  his  daughter's  birth. 

In  the  summer  of  1475,  Pembroke  was  in 
France  with  the  King,  serving  in  the  Ex- 
peditionary Army,  and  was  one  of  those  who 
signed  there  the  proposed  terms  for  a  treaty 
sent  by  Edward,  on  Aug.  13,  1475,  to 
Louis  XI.,  the  French  King.  (Rymer's 
'Foedera,'  vol.  xii.  p.  15.)  Pembroke  was 
then  in  his  21st  year. 

The  Army  returned  to  England  in 
September,  and  the  following  month,  Oct.  4, 
1475,  a  licence  was  granted  to  William, 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  to  enter  freely  into  all 
manors,  lordships,  castles,  towns,  &c.,  which 
should  descend  to  him  on  the  death  of  his 
father  or  any  of  his  ancestors,  saving  to 
the  king  homage  and  fealty  (Pat.  Rolls). 
This  licence  was  granted  five  months  before 
Pembroke  attained  his  majority.  Prior  to 
this  grant,  estates  and  offices  held  by  the 
first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  had  been  granted 
temporarily  to  the  second  Earl's  mother  and 
others,  during  the  heir's  minority. 

Collins  in  his  '  Peerage,'  Banks,  arid 
others,  state  that  it  was  subsequent  to 
William,  Earl  of  Huntingdon  (previously 
Earl  of  Pembroke),  entering  into  a  cove- 
nant with  Richard  III.  to  marry  his 
daughter,  Lady  Katharine  Plant agenet,  that 
he  married  Lady  Mary  Wydville.  This  is 
manifestly,  an  error. 

CHARLES  H.  THOMPSON. 


I  have  the  book  referred  to  by  your* 
correspondent,  viz.  :  '  The  Last  of  the 
Plantagenets '  by  William  Heseltine,  of 
Turret  House,  Lambeth.  Published  by 
Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  in  1829. 

The  dedication  is  to  the 

"  Earl  of  Winchilsea  and  Nottingham,  as  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Sir  Thomas  Moyle,  the  last  protector 
of  the  Last  of  the  Plantagenets,  and  possessor  of 
the  manor  of  Eastwell,  to  which  he  retired." 

L.    F.    C.    E.    TOLLEMACHE. 
24  Selwyn  Road,  Eastbourne. 

Was  there  any  usual  custom  in  regard  to- 
the  naming  of  these  natural  children  ?  It 
would  appear/  in  some  cases  that  the  family 
surname  had  been  adopted  and  in  others  a 
nickname  or  descriptive  name. 

There  are  families  still  bearing  royal  nick- 
names (Beauclerk,  Lackland,  and  so  on),, 
some  of  which  may  possibly  be  able  to  claim 
descent  from  the  original  bearer. 

F.  CROOKS. 

Eccleston  Park,  Preseot. 


REPRESENTATIVE  COUNTY  LIBRARIES  : 
PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  (12  S.  viii.  8,  34,  54,. 
76,  111,  155,  198).— As  a  Plymouthian 
familiar  with  the  rise  and  progress  of  the 
collection  of  Devon  and  Cornwall  books,., 
pamphlets,  music  and  pictures,  started  in 
connexion  with  the  Corporation  Library  by 
my  late  valued  friend  Mr.  W.  H.  H.  Wright,. 
I  have  been  interested  in  the  discussion  of 
this  subject  in  your  columns  since  Jan.  1. 
I  should  therefore  like  to  ask  DR.  HAMBLEY 
ROWE  to  explain  why  he  is  able  to  charac- 
terize the  collection  at  the  Exeter  Free 
Library  as  being  "  undoubtedly  the  finest 
collection  of  Devon  books  in  the  world." 

I  am  sorry  I  am  not  acquainted  with  the 
Devon  Branch  of  the  library,  so  I  cannot 
judge  whether  it  is  in  regard  to  numbers,, 
or  rarity,  or  how,  that  it  transcends  all 
others.  Of  the  value  of  the  Devon  and 
Cornwall  Branch  Library  at  Plymouth  I  can 
speak  from  a  somewhat  extensive  acquaint- 
ance. As  far  back  as  1896  when  Mr. 
Wright  issued  the  first  catalogue,  it  con- 
sisted of  over  5,000  items  and  there  are 
certainly  now  nearly  treble  that  number- 
Of  course  from  its  situation  at  the  extremity 
of  the  county  Plymouth  was  interested  in 
Cornish  books  as  well  as  those  of  Devon, 
though  I  could  wish  that  the  books  attri- 
butable to  each  had  been  kept  separate. 

On  reference  to  the  Manual  recommended 
by  a  PUBLIC  LIBRARIAN  at  ante,  p.  35,  I  was 
surprised  to  find  that  Exeter  was  not  named 


12  s.  vm.  APRIL 2, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273: 


among  those  who  then  specialized  in  books 
of  the  county.  If  DR.  HAMBLEY  HOWE  is 
right  in  his  estimate  of  its  present  character 
it  must  have  made  rapid  progress,  and  one 
would  therefore  all  the  more  like  to  know 
wherein  its  particular  excellence  consists. 

As  Plymouth  has  not  hitherto  been  men- 
tioned may  I  call  attention  to  other  libraries 
in  the  town. 

The  Library  of  the  Plymouth  Institution, 
besides  possessing  a  large  number  of  books 
by  Devonshire  authors  and  on  Devonshire 
subjects,  has  the  (I  suppose)  unique 
collection  of  pamphlets  known  as  the 
Davidson  Collection,  and  this  alone  consists 
of  1413  separate  items. 

The  Proprietary  (formerly  known  as  the 
Public)  Library,  in  Cornwall  Street,  has 
I  believe  fully  as  numerous  a  selection  of 
county  books  as  the  Plymouth  Institution, 
though  they  have  not  gone  to  the  length  of 
making  a  complete  separation  of  them. 

If  DR.  HAMBLEY  HOWE  does  not  person- 
ally know  the  assembly  of  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall books  at  the  Plymouth  Free  Library  in 
Tavistock  Road,  I  can  only  hope  that  he 
will  soon  be  able  to  take  an  opportunity  of 
making  acquaintance  with  them,  under  the 
guidance  of  the  present  courteous  and  able 
ibrarian.  Mr.  Kitts.  W.  S.  B.  H. 

"  COUNTS  OF  THE  HOLY  ROMAN  EMPIRE  " 
(12  S.  viii.  148,  212). — Language,  after  all 
is  the  vehicle  of  thought. 

When  language  is  precise  and  clear,  thought 
is  fixed,  and  no  room  is  left  for  speculation 
or  conjecture. 

The  Patent  to  Thomas  Arundel  is  to  him 
and  to  his  "  children  heirs  and  legitimate 
descendants  of  both  sexes  already  born  or 
that  ever  hereafter  shall  be."  Again  "  every 
of  your  children  and  legitimate  posterity 
both  male  and  female  for  ever." 

There  can  surely  be  no  possible  question 
as  to  the  significance  of  this  limit aticn.  If 
actual  property  was  in  consideration  and  a 
claim  was  made  under  such  a  limitation, 
there  is,  surely,  not  a  Court  of  Law  that 
could  hesitate,  for  one  moment,  as  to  what 
should  be  done. 

It  must  be  reme  nbered,-  if.  a  right  view 
of  the  case  is  to  be  taken,  that  at  the  Battle 
of  Gran  Thomas  Arundel  performed  a 
service  of  very  great  heroism  and  of  immense 
value  to  the  Empire. 

In  the  depths  of  his  gratitude  the  Emperor, 
as  can  well  be  understood  determined  to  set 
upon  Thomas  Arundel  a  mark  of  the  most 
signal  and  permanent  honour.  •  He  decreed 


t  hat  every  legitimate  descendant  of  Arundel' s 
through  time,  should  be  a  sharer  in^  the' 
honour  his  (or  her)  great  ancestor^  had 
gained  ! 

It  was  the  surpassing  value  of  the  actv 
which  secured  the  almost  boundless  range- 
of  the  honour.  A.  A.  A. 

THE  GALLIC  ERA  "EIGHTY-EIGHT"  (12  S. 
viii.  251). — In  1788  matters  came  to  a  head 
with    a    meeting    of    the    three    estates    of 
Dauphine   at   Vizille,  which   demanded  the- 
convocation     of     the     States -General.     Lo- 
menie  de  Brienne  was  incapable  of  dealing 
with  the  situation,  especially  as  the  treasury 
was    practically    empty.     It    was    therefore- 
decided  to  summon  the  States -General  for 
May    1,    1789;     Brienne   was   dismissed   on 
Aug.    25,    and    Necker   became   Minister   of 
Finance. 

But,  perhaps,  the  date  was  ruled  by  the 
rime  :  "  eight  "  riming  to  "  late  "  two  lines 
earlier.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

A  "  PHIOLAD  "  OF  BARLEY  (12  S.  viii.  210). 
— The  dictionary  spelling  of  phiolad  ia- 
ffiolaid.  The  word  means  a  dishful  or 
bowlful  and  is  formed  by  affixing  -aid' 
(  =  -ful)  to  the  noun  ffiol,  a  dish  or  bowl. 
When  I  was  a  boy  fiiol  was  used  only  for  the- 
wooden  basin  in  which  cawl  (broth)  was 
served  to  farm  servants.  The  Britons 
doubtless  obtained  both  the  name  and  ther 
thing  from  the  Romans.  In  some  parts  of 
Wales  a  ffiolaid  w^as  a  rough  and  ready 
measure,  equal  to  about  a  third  of  a  busheL- 
DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea."]  ~* 

THE  PANCAKE  BELL  (12  S.  viii.  106,  154^ 
198). — '  A  Calendar  of  Somerset '  dealing 
with  customs,  superstitions,  weather  lore,, 
popular  sayings  and  important  events  con- 
nected with  this  county,  is  on  the  eve  of 
publication  for  private  circulation.  In  it 
will  be  found  numerous  references  to  the- 
pancake  bell  in  Somerset.  It  was  rung  at 
10  o'clock  and,  after  the  Reformation,  was= 
popularly  believed  to  be  merely  a  signal  for 
people  to  begin  to  make  their  pancakes,. 
An  old  lady  over  90  related  to  a  corre- 
spondent that 

"  at  12  o'clock  the  bell  did  hit  out  '  Pan,  pan,, 
pan,  pan'  and  you  could  see  the  women  run  from-, 
streets  and  gardens  to  start  making  pancakes, . 
rapping  the  bottoms  of  the  frying  pans  with  spcons 
as  soon  as  they  could  get  to  them,  so  that  they 
made  a  pretty  (i.e.,  considerable)  noise." 

The  pancake  or  "fritter"  bell  is  men- 
tioned in  some  Somerset  parish  registers. 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.APRiL2,i92i. 


Fhe  Rev.  James  Street,  in  his  '  Mynster  of 
bhe  Isle  '  (Ilminster),  says  :— 

"  The  pancake  bell  is  rung  on  the  afternoon 
pf  Shrove  Tuesday  ;  anciently  it  was  not  the 
joy  of  pancake  eating,  but  the  call  to  confession — 
Jae  shriving,  hence  '  Shrove  Tuesday.'  Of  old 
•Jhe  bell  rang  at  six  each  morning,  and  as  ten 
shillings  a  year  was  allowed  therefor  by  the 
Grammar  School,  the  waking  up  of  its  school- 
Doys  was  doubtless  in  mind." 

W.  G.  WILLIS  WATSON. 
Single's  Lodge,  Pinhoe,  Exeter. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Whittlesey,  Cambs.  "the 
Shriving  Bell,  vulgarly  called  'Pancake 
Bell '  still  rang  at  1 1  A.M.  on  Shrove  Tues- 
lay"  ('Life  in  the  Cambridgeshire  Fens 
Eighty  Years  Ago,'  by  late  Rev.  J.  R. 
little,  in  the  last  number  of  The  Eagle,  a 
nagazine  supported  by  members  of  St.  John's 
Jollege,  vol.  xlii.  p.  24).  The  "Pancake 
3ake"  was  known  at  Whittlesey  long  after 
;hat,  probably  to  this  day. 

G.  C.  MOOBE  SMITH. 

In  '  The  Customs,  Superstitions  and 
Legends  of  the  county  of  Stafford'  [1875], 
:>y  Charles  Henry  Poole  is  the  following 
lote,  under  the  heading  of  '  Shrove  Tues- 
lay,  or  Goodish  Tuesday  '  : — 

Out,  hark,  I  hear  the  Pan-cake  bell, 
And  fritters  make  a  gallant  smell. 

— '  Poor  Robin.' 

"  Shrove  Tuesday  derives  its  name  from  the 
sustom  of  our  ancestors  in  Catholic  times  going 
-o  confession.  Its  Latin  and  continental  names 
lave  all  a  reference  to  the  last  eating  of  flesh  : 
^arnivale,  farewell  to  flesh.  That  none  might 
)lead  forgetfulness  of  confessing  and  being 
;hriven,  the  great  bell  was  rung  at  an  early  hour 
n  every  parish,  and  in  after  times  this  ringing 
ras  still  kept  up  in  some  places,  though  the  cause 
>f  it  ceased  with  the  introduction  of  Protestantism. 
Eventually  it  got  the  name  of  the  Pancake-bell, 
ind  in  the  parish  in  which  I  once  resided  [Dr. 
5oole  informs  me  that  this  was  Monks  Kirby, 
Warwickshire]  about  eleven  o'clock  this  bell 
iounds  over  hill  and  dale,  proclaiming  to  the  good 
lousewives  that  it  is  a  gentle  reminder  to  make 
reparations  for  the  pancakes,  the  delight  of  the 
uveniles." 

RUSSELL  MABKLAND. 

THE  O'FLAHEBTY  FAMILY:  KINGS  OF 
30NNAUGHT  (12  S.  viii.  188,  259.)— The 
D'Flaherty  family  mistakenly  described 
it  the  above  reference  as  "  Kings  of  Con- 
laught"  were  a  clan  or  collection  of 
amilies  under  a  chief.  The  O'Fflahertie 
ras  of  old  Hereditary  Admiral,  not  King. 
Dhe  descendants  of  the  head  and  of  his 
lumerous  tribesmen,  like  those  of  other 
?lans,  must  now  number  many  thousands 
G.  W.  D.  F.  CLARK. 

»  St.  George's  Terrace,  Plymouth. 


DB.  JOHNSON  :  POBTBAIT  IN  HILL'S  EDI- 
TION OF  BOSWELL  (12  S.  viii.  229). — A 
careful  comparison  of  the  mouth  and  nose 
alone  with  the  corresponding  features  in  Sir 
Joshua's  portrait  of  Goldsmith  is  enough  to 
shew  beyond  any  possible  doubt  that  the 
picture  in  question  does  not  represent 
"  Dr.  Minor."  That  at  first  sight,  at  least, 
it  strikes  us  as  very  unlike  Dr.  Johnson's 
portraits  with  which  we  are  more  familiar 
is  quite  true,  but  that  is  probably  due  in 
great  part  to  the  absence  of  the  wig.  It  can 
be  seen  from  Algernon  Graves  and  William 
Vine  Cronin's  monumental  'History  of  the 
Works  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,'  vol.  ii. 
(1899),  p.  519,  that  Reynolds  twice  painted 
Johnson  without  his  wig.  In  one  of  these 
portraits  Johnson  is  described  as  "  shewing 
both  his  hands  held  up  in  front  ;  profile  to 
left ;  books  in  background  ;  without  his  wig." 
This  is  said  to  have  been  exhibited  at  the 
Royal  Academy  in  1770  and  to  belong  to 
the  Duke  of  Sutherland.  In  the  other, 
painted  in  1769-70,  Johnson  is  said  to  be 
"  standing  arguing,  with  his  hands  half 
clutched,  in  one  of  his  most  characteristic 
attitudes  ;  shews  the  head  with  no  wig  ;  a 
profile  to  left  ;  bookcase  behind."  This 
portrait  is  said. by  Graves  and  Cronin  to  be  in 
the  Sackville  collection  at  Knole  Park. 
According  to  the  '  D.N.B.'  it  was  painted 
for  Johnson's  step -daughter,  Lucy  Porter, 
and  the  Knole  Park  picture  is  a  replica. 
Another  account  represents  the  first  of  the 
two  portraits  as  painted  for  her.  The 
portrait  in  Birkbeck  Hill's  third  volume 
seems  to  correspond  to  the  description  of 
the  first  ("books  in  background").  That  it 
represents  Johnson  is,  of  course,  absolutely 
certain.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

IMPALED  ON  A  THOBN  (12  S.  viii.  210). — 
This  popular  belief  attracted  the  attention 
of  Sir  Thomas  Browne.  In  the  last  chapter 
of  Book  III  in  his  '  Vulgar  Errors  '  he  writes 

"  Many  more  there  are  whose  serious  enquiries 
we  must  request  of  others,  and  shall  only  awake 
considerations,  Whether. ..." 
and  one  of  the  problems  which  he  propounds 
is  : — 

"  Whether  the  Nightingals  setting  with  her 
breast  against  a  thorn,  be  any  more  then  that 
she  placeth  some  prickels  on  the  outside  of  her 
nest,  or  roosteth  in  thorny  and  prickly  places, 
where  Serpents  may  least  approach  her  ?  " 

But  one  would  rather  have  heard  Sir  Thomas 
on  the  question  "  Whether  the  brains  of 
Cats  be  attended  with  such  destructive 
malignities,  as  Dioscorides  and  others  put 
upon  them  ?  "  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 


i2s.viiLApBn,2fio2i.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


What  evidence  has  MB.  ACKERMANN,  that 
"the  yellow-hammer,  or  (as  we  were  correctly 
informed  at  10  S.  xi.  452  that  we  ought  to 
•call  it)  the  yellow  ammer,  has  ever  had  any 
such  legend  as  he  suggests  attached  to  it 
Its  note  is  not  in  the  least  passionate  or 
melancholy.  Country  people  say  that  it 
perpetually  repeats  "  A  little  bit  of  bread 
and  no  cheese  ' '  ! 

As  to  the  nightingale,  when  Hood  wrote  of 
"'the  bird  forlorn,   That   singeth  with  her 
breast  against  a  thorn,"   he  was,  of  course 
borrowing  from  Richard  Barnefield's  '  Ode  ': 
Everything  did  banish  moan 
Save  the  nightingale  alone. 
"She,  poor  bird,  as  all  forlorn 
Lean'd  her  breast  against  a  thorn, 
And  there  sang  the  dolefullest  ditty, 
That  to  hear  it  was  great  pity. 

Whence  did  Barnefield  derive  this  idea  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

CHERRY  ORCHARDS  or  KENT  (12  S. 
viii.  211). — According  to  Murray's  'Kent,' 
at  p.  [10]  :— 

"It  is  probable  that  one  species  of  the  cherry 
(Prunus  avium)  was  indigenous  in  this  country, 
although  varieties  of  P.  cerasus,  a  native  of  the 
forests  on.  the  southern  slopes  of  the  Caucasus, 
may  have  been  introduced  by  the  Romans  at  an 
early  period.  The  cherry  was,  at  all  events,  one 
of  the  fruits  cultivated  in  Kent  through  the 
middle  ages,  although  the  extent  of  cultivation 
had  much  diminished,  and  the  quality  of  the 
fruit  much  deteriorated,  when  Richard  Hareys 
fruiterer  to  Henry  VIII,  introduced  fresh  grafts 
.and  varieties  from  Flanders,  and  planted  about 
105  acres  at  Teynham,  near  Faversham,  from 
which  cherry  orchard  much  of  Kent  was  after- 
Awards  supplied." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  THE  HAVEN  UNDER  THE  HILL  "  (12  S. 
yiii.  228). — A  term  often  applied  to  Whitby 
in  Yorkshire,  and  the  title  also  of  one  of 
Miss  Mary  Linskill's  stories  referring  to 
.that  seaport.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

Murray's  'Somerset'  (1899),  at  p.  251, 
-says  of  the  old  church  dedicated  to  St. 
Andrew  on  Clevedon  Point  : — 

"  In  the  S.  transept  are  the  mural  tablets  of 
the  Elton  family,  and  of  Henry  Hallam,  the 
.historian,  and  of  his  wife,  daughter  and  two  sons. 
Mrs.  Hallam  was  the  daughter  of  Sir  Abraham 
Elton  of  Clevedon  Court.  The  name  of  their 

•  elder  son,  Arthur   Hallam,   is  indissolubly  asso- 
ciated  with   Tennyson's   poem    '  In   Memoriam.' 
Mr.  Hallam  selected  this  as  a  burial-place,  as  he 

rsays  in  the  memoir  of  his  elder  son,  '  not  only 
from  the  connection  of  kindred,  but  on  account 

•  of  its  still  and  sequestered  situation  on  a  lone 
hill  that  overlays  the  Bristol  Channel.'     It  is  to 

hill,  and  to  this  church,  and  to  this  grave, 


to  which  the  remains  of  the  old,  heart-broken 
father  have  since  been  added,  that  Tennyson 
refers  in  his  pathetic  lines,] 

And  the  stately  ships  go  on 

To  their  haven  under  the  hill." 

^  But  the  writer  does  not  say  where  Tenny- 
son refers  to  "this  church"  and  "this 
grave"  in  the  poem,  or  where  at  Clevedor. 
the  haven,  to  which  he  does  refer,  is  to  be 
found.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

PHAESTOS  DISK  (12  S.  viii.  151,  237).— 
I  had  been  hoping  that  this  inquiry  would 
have  elicited  a  reply  from  some  one  capable 
of  discussing  the  questions  independently, 
but  as  no  such  scholar  has  come  forward 
I  would  direct  the  inquirer's  attention  to 
The  Quarterly  Statement  of  the  Palestine  Ex- 
ploration Fund  for  January,  1921,  pp.  29-54, 
in  which  Mr.  F.  W.  Read,  F.S.A.,  gives 
'A  New  Interpretation  of  the  Phaestos 
Disk,'  and  adds  a  full  account  of  all  the 
studies  that  have  been  made  upon  it  up  to 
the  present.  Mr.  Bead  -takes  quite  a  new 
departure  from  all  the  others  and  seeks  to 
prove  that  the  characters  are  a  species  of 
musical  notation.  This  is  a  matter  that 
should  be  of  interest  to  musicians,  more 
especially  those  who  have  investigated  the 
melodies  of  antiquity  and  the  systems  of 
oriental  notation.  In  any  case  Mr.  Read's 
article  is  valuable  because  he  does  not 
confine  himself  to  stating  his  own  theory, 
but  informs  his  reader  of  what  all  other 
students  have  said  about  it. 

CECIL  MORDEN. 

Devonshire  Club,  St.  James,  S.W. 

PRONUNCIATION  OF  GREEK  (AND  LATIN) 
(12  S.  viii.  26,  78,  214).— Withl  regard  to  the 
question  of  Latin,  I  would  refer  to  Prof. 
Sandys'  'History  of  Classical  Scholarship,' 
Cambridge,  1908,II,p.  233-234,  and  my  work: 
'Les  Coutumes  scolaires  clans  Tancienne 
Angleterre,'  Evreux,  1920,  p.  22.  It  would 
not  appear  from  the  above  quoted  books 
that  the  process  was  a  gradual  one.  It  was 
very  rapid,  according  to  Prof.  Sandys,  and 
the  reason  that  the  change  of  pronunciation 
was  enforced  was  to  aim  a  further  blow 
against  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  All 
the  priests  for  the  English  Mission  were 
trained  abroad  and  spoke  Latin  with  the 
"monkish  pronunciation."  In  one  genera- 
tion, this  would  have  become  almost  unin- 
telligible to  the  people  who  might  have 
heard  by  chance  a  "massing  priest,"  which, 
it  would  appear,  was  the  desire  of  the 
Reformers.  G.  C.  BATEMAN, 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.  APRIL  2, 1921. 


KINGSTON  HOUSE,  KNIGHTSBBIDGE  (12  S. 
viii.  230).— The  "Authorities"  have  little 
to  say  with  regard  to  Kingston  House. 
Wheatley  mentions  it  ('London,  Past  and 
Present ' )  under  both  Kensington  and 
Knightsbridge,  but  in  neitner  does  he  give 
any  description  of  the  building,  or  the  date 
of  its  erection.  Walford  ('  Old  and  New 
London')  is  equally  silent.  Besant  ('Fas- 
cination of  London,'  Kensington)  suggests 
a  date  subsequent  to  1760.  Most  of  the 
handbooks,  such  as  E.  V.  Lucas,  Whitten, 
*  Highways  and  Byways,'  &c.,  mention 
neither  house  nor  duchess  !  Referring  to 
the  Westminster  Rate  Books  I  find  that 
Kingston  House  was  built  1757—8,  and 
came  into  the  occupation  of  the  Hon.  Miss 
Chudleigh,  Michaelmas,  1758.  The  house 
has  been  described  as  in  Knightsbridge — 
as  in  Brompton — as  in  Kensington  Gore — 
its  designation  to-day  is  either  Prince's 
Gate,  or  Ennismore  Gardens. 

I  have  never  been  able  to  obtain  a 
contemporary  print  of  Kingston  House,  but 
I  have  a  woodcut  of,  I  should  say,  the  early 
seventies,  judging  from  the  costumes  of  the 
ladies  in  the  street.  No  one  but  the  present 
owner,  Lord  Listowel,  can  probably  say 
whether  the  inside  of  the  house  has  been 
altered  ;  the  outside  I  should  say  remains 
almost  in  its  original  state.  To  judge  from 
the  position  it  occupies  on  London  maps  of 
various  dates  I  should  imagine  that  its 
boundaries  have  not  been  changed  though 
its  surroundings  have  been  covered  with 
more  modern  buildings. 

W.    COURTHOPE    FOBMAN. 
Compton  Down,  Nr.  Winchester. 

Apparently  no  authoritative  identification 
of  the  date  of  erection  has  been  published. 
Henry  George  Davis  ( '  Memorials  of  the 
Hamlet  of  Knightsbridge,  1859,'  p.  164)  is 
probably  at  fault  in  stating  it  was  "  built 
about  1770,"  because  he  is  mistaken  in 
adding  "  and  when  first  erected  attracting 
notice  by  the  conservatory  attached  to  it." 
This  greenhouse  or  conservatory  is  of  much 
later  date.  Col.  Prideaux  in  his  '  Notes  on 
Salway's  Plan,'  p.  40,  says  "  The  house  was 
built  about  1770,"  but  against  this  must  be 
set  the  statement  of  a  later  writer  (Mr. 
Beresford  Chancellor,  '  Knightsbridge  and 
Belgravia,'  p.  184),  suggesting  it  was  built 
in  1757,  and  quoting  from  Count  Kilman- 
segge's  diary  a  record  of  a  visit  paid  there 
Mar.  15,  1762.  The  fact  that  the  invitation 
was  issued  by  "  Miss  "  Elizabeth  Chudleigh 
would  not  justify  the  subsequent  statement^ 


"  Kingston   House   was   indeed   erected   by- 
Elizabeth  Chudleigh,  Duchess  of  Kingston." 
That     "  the    conservatory    was    erected    in- 
1800  by  Lord  Listowel's  great-grandfather  "" 
is  more  acceptable. 

The  whole  matter  is  indefinite,  and  an 
authoritative  statement  is  required. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

TAVERN  SIGNS  (12  S.  viii.  170,  236).— 
I  believe  there  was  once  a  race-horse,  famous 
under  the  name  of  "Flying  Scud,"  but 
I  know  nothing  of  its  performances.  The 
commemoration  of  it  might  conduce  to  the- 
patronage  of  a  "pub." 

As  for  British  Queen  one  need  not  turn 
to  the  strawberry  bed  bo  find  one  who  has 
been  attractive  and  popular.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  the  Rose  of  Denmark  embodies 
an  intended  compliment  to  Queen  Alexandra. 

A  Blade  Bone  is  not  what  I  should  expect 
butchers  to  choose  as  significant  of  their 
mystery,  though  a  Shoulder  of  Mutton  has 
figured  as  a  sign.  The  "  speal "  has  certainly 
oracular  pretensions,  but  I  am  not  aware- 
of  its  being  tempted  in  a  tavern. 

ST.   SWITHIN. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  MR.  R.  S.  PENGELLY 
for  his  interesting  and  ingenious  solutions. 

May  I  ask  for  one  more  ?     It  is  a  new  sign 
to  me,  which  I  came  across  a  few  days  ago 
in  Brick  Lare,  off  the  Bethnal  Green  Road,, 
and  is  the   Duke's  Motto.      Who   was  the- 
Duke  and  what  was  his  motto  ? 

PHILIP  GOSSE. 

25  Argyll  Road,  Kensington,  W.8. 

DIOCESAN  CALENDARS  (12  S.  vi.  296? 
vii.  19,  118,  453).— The  following  are  the 
dates  of  first  issue  of  some  of  the  nugiish 
Calendars:  Lichfield,  3856:  Chester.  1857; 
Gloucester  and  Bristol,  1859  ;  Worcester, 
1860  ;  Ripon,  1862  ;  York,  1863  ;  LlandafT, 
1872  ;  Chichester,  1874 ;  Durham,  1878  ;. 
Newcastle,  1882.  J.  W.  F. 

BOOK  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  210).— The 
work  required  is  '  Annals  of  Ireland,  by  the 
four  masters.'  There  are  several  editions 
of  it.  One  appeared  in  1846  in  one  volume, 
4to,  translated  by  O.  Connellan,  with 
annotations  by  P.  MacDeimott.  Another 
appeared  in  1848  edited  by  J.  O'Donovanr 
in.  7  vols.,  4to.  This  was  reprinted  in  1849,. 
1851,  and  1856  (the  latter  in  7  vols.,  8vo).. 
It  can  be  consulted  at  the  British  Museum,, 
and  possibly  at  the  London  Library  or  any 
of  the  great  reference  libraries,  being  fairljr 
common.  W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 


12  s.  viii.  APRIL 2,  i92L]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


"  COMLIES  "     AND     "  CONY    BAGS  "     (12     S. 

.viii.  231). — Comlie  is  the  name  given  by  the 
Tamil    coolies    in    Ceylon    to    the    brown 
"blanket  they  wear  to  protect  their  head  and 
shoulders  in  bad  weather.     E.  B.  MILLER. 
Stafford. 

I  take  Comlies  to  be  the  soldiers  equivalent 
.of  Kumal,  Hindustani  for  blanket,  but  cony 
bags,  beats  me.  J.  S. 

CARDINAL  DE  ROHAN  CHABOT  (12  S. 
viii.  110,  178). — He  is  the  subject  of 
chap.  xxxv.  of  '  Victor  Hugo  :  a  Life  related 
-by  one  who  has  witnessed  it,'  by  Madame 
Hugo  (Authorized  English  translation,  Lon- 
don, W.  H.  Allen,  MDCCCLXIII.).  Almost 
immediately  after  being  ordained  priest  he 
officiated  at  the  funeral  of  Victor  Hugo's 
mother.  He  received  the  poet  and  his  wife 
with  much  kindness,  but  did  not  forget  his 
rank  as  a  nobleman.  Mme.  Hugo  says  : — 

"  The  duke's  bed  chamber  bore  no  resemblance 
'to  his  cell :  it  was  furnished  with  every  luxury. 
It  opened  on  a  kind  of  boudoir  drawing-  room. : 
the  table  and  piano  were  covered  with  volumes 
oL  sacred  music,  richly  bound,  and  all  bearing 
'  the  following  inscriptions  in  letters  of  gold  : 
'  Sa  Seigneurie  le  due  de  Rohan  Chabot,  due  de 
Monbazon,  due  de  Beaumont.  Prince  de  Leon, 
"Pair  de  France.'  In  front  of  the  piano  hung  the 
duke's  portrait,  painted  by  Gerard,  in  the  full 
^uniform  of  a  red  musketeer.  These  words  were 
inlaid  in  the  wood  :  '  S.  A.  le  Prince  de  Leon.' 
"...  .the  duke  led  Victor  into  a  large  and  rich 
Gothic  chamber,  the  windows  of  which  over 
looked  the  Seine.  This  room  was  still  further 
distinguished  by  the  fact  of  its  having  been  once 
-occupied  by  the  Duke  of  Larochefoucault,  the 
•author  of  the  '  Maxims.'  " 

Madame  Hugo  does  not  deal  with  his 
subsequent  career  and  rap  id  t  promotion  as 
.a  churchman.  ANDREW  DE  TEBNANT. 

36  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

ERRORS  IN  CARLYLE'S  '  FRENCH  REVOLU- 
TION' (12  S.  viii.  105). — Carlyle's  '  Mira- 
1  beau'  (1837),  has  this  : — 

"  Thxis  the  old  naturalist  Bunion,  who,  at  the 
.age  of  63  (what  is  called  '  the  St.  Martin's  summer 
of  incipient  dotage  and  new  myrtle  garlands,' 
which  visits  some  men)  went  ransacking  the 
country  for  a  young  wife,  had  very  nearly  got 
this  identical  Sophie  ;  but  did  get  another,  known 
as  Madame  de  Buffon,  well  known  to  Philip 
Egalite,  having  turned  out  ill.  Sophie  de  Ruffey 
Joved  wise  men,  but  not  at  that  extremely  ad- 
vanced period  of  life." 

Earlier  in  this  essay  are  two  allusions  to 
.Surinam  as  a  place  of  punishment  for 
Mirabeau.  There  are  also  several  refer - 

•  ences     to     "  swallowing     formulas."       The 
'  N.E.D.'  under  "formula"  shows  Carlyle's 

•  error.  THOMAS  FLINT. 


HUNTING  SONGS  :  CHAWORTH  MUSTERS 
(12  S.  viii.  231). — It  is  tolerably  clear  that 
there  are  certainly  two  if  not  three  distinct 
books.  I  possess  one  entitled  '  Book  of 
Hunting  Songs  and  Sport,  collected  by  Mrs. 
Chaworth  Musters,  and  dedicated  to  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Earl  Ferrers,  M.F.H.'  It  is  dated 
1885  and  printed  by  R.  Allen  &  Son,  Not- 
tingham, but  there  is  no  publisher's  name 
on  the  title-page.  Probably  it  is  a  later 
edition  of  this  book  that  was  published  in 
1888  in  London  by  Allibone.  Facing  the 
title-page  is  a  photograph  of  "  Mr.  Meynell's 
hounds  crossing  the  Soar,  Feb.  24,  1800," 
reproduced  from  an  old  print  by  Mr.  Rolles- 
ton's  permission.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

SIR  HANS  SLOANE'S  BLOOMSBURY  HOUSE 
(12  S.  viii.  211). — According  to  Mr.  Beres- 
ford  Chancellor's  '  History  of  the  Squares  of 
London,'  Sir  Hans  Sloane's  house  stood  on 
the  south  side  of  Bloomsbury  Square  at  the 
corner  of  Southampton  Street. 

WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

Having  occasion  to  consult  the  Sloane 
Correspondence  at  the  British  Museum  I 
took  the  opportunity  of  examining  some 
of  the  directions  on  the  back  sheets  of 
the  letters  for  the  year  1727.  The  majority 
are  addressed  to  Sir  Hans  either  "  Royal 
Society,  London,"  or  "  at  his  house  in  Blooms- 
bury  Square"  ;  one  "by  Bloomsbury 
Square";  another  "nigh  Bloomsbury 
Square  "  ;  two  dated  respectively  Oct.  24, 
1727  and  Feb.  26,  1728  "at  his  house  in 
King  Street,  Bloomsbury,"  while  Edmund 
(Gilson)  Bishop  of  London  writing  from 
Fulham  Palace  on  Oct.  4,  1727,  imploring 
the  baronet  to  come  to  his  ailing  child,  is 
addressed  "  at  his  house  in  Great  Russell 
Street,  Bloomsbury."  I  fear  this  but  adds 
to  the  confusion.  J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

1  Essex1  Court,  Temple. 

The  following  is  from  Cunningham's 
'Handbook  of  London,'  1850,  under 
'  Bloomsbury  Square,  frequently  called 
Southampton  Square  '  : — 

"  Eminent  Inhabitants.  Sir  Hans  Sloane  in 
1696,  '  at  the  corner  [I  know  not  which]  of 
Southampton  Street  next  Bloomsbury  Square,' 
for  in  this  way  Bay  the  naturalist  writes  to  him 
in  that  year.  Another  correspondent  writing  to 
him  in  1704  directs  his  letter  to  Sloane  at  his  house 
at  the  corner  of  Southampton  Square,  Blooms  - 
bury." 

Is  R.  B.  thinking  of  Montague  House 
purchased  for  the  first  collection  of  Museum 
exhibits,  where  Sloane  does  not  appear  to 
have  resided  ?  WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.vm.  APRIL  3, 1921.. 


BLOTJNT  OF  LINCOLNSHIRE  (12  S.  viii.  210). 
It  appears  from  the  '  Visitation  of  Shrop- 
shire' (Harleian  Society,  vol.  xxviii.  p.  55) 
that  Thomas  Blount,  brother  of  the  first 
Lord  Mount  joy,  was  first  married  to  Anne, 
only  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  John 
Hally,  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  a  son 
Robert,  whose  male  line  became  extinct  in 
the  next  generation,  and  a  daughter  Eliza- 
beth married  +o  Richard  Hansa,rd.  His  son 
Richard,  of  Mapledurham,  is  the  only  child 
recorded  by  the  second  marriage. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

Killadoon,  Celbridge. 

BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.  208,  253).— 
If  a  memory  extending  over  more  than  60 
years  can  be  trusted,  the  following  is  an 
authentic  version  of  the  schoolboy  poem 
quoted  by  Mr.  Clarke  :— 

Steal  not  this  book  for  fear  of  shame, 
For  in  it  is  the  owner's  name, 
And  when  you  die  the  Lord  will  say, 
*«  Where  is  that  book  you  stole  away?" 
And  if  you  say,  "  I  do  not  know," 
The  Lord  will  say,  "  Go  down  below." 

T.  GIDEON. 

In  reply  to  Mr.  W.  COURTHOPE  FORMAN 
I  may  say  that  1  did  not  directly  attribute 
the  authorship  of  the  lines  to  Mr.  Bury, 
though,  from  their  age,  I  suspected  them  to 
be  his  and.  so  used  the  word  "penned" 
(which  I  now  see  was  misleading)  instead  of 
"  transcribed."  I  now  yield  the  claim  to 
H.  D.  Cole  on  the  authority  of  The  Con- 
noisseur quoted  by  Miss  BEATRICE  BOYCE. 
J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Steven's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

It  is  probably  rare  for  a  would-be  book- 
borrower  to  be  given  a  book  when  he  only 
expects  to  borrow  one.  Any  person  who 
was  intimate  with  James  Robert  Hope- 
Scott,  and  wishing  to  borrow  a  book  from  his 
well-stocked  library,  must  have  had  a 
delightful  experience  when  he  found  that 
he  could  have  a  longed-for  book,  not  merely 
by  way  of  loan,  but  as  a  gift. 

Cardinal  Newman  says  in  his  sermon  '  In 
the  World,  but  not  of  the  World,'  preached 
May  5,  1873,  at  the  funeral  of  Hope-Scott : 

"  He  bought  books  freely,  theological,  historical, 
and  of  general  literature ;  but  his  love  of  giving 
was  greater  than  his  love  of  collecting.  He  could 
not  keep  them  ;  he  gave  them  away  again  ;  he  may 
be  said  to  have  given  away  whole  libraries." 

An  excellent  representation  of  George 
Richmond's  fine  portrait  of  Hope-Scott 
given  in  '  The  Memorials  of  Mr.  Serjeant 
Bellasis '  is  before  me  as  I  write.  It  shows 


the  charming,  ideal  countenance  of  the- 
happy  possessor,  among  so  many  gracious 
qualities,  of  that  of  a  cheerful  giver,  or,, 
rather,  what  is  more  uncommon,  the  cheerful 
giver  of  books  from  his  own  liberary. 

R.  Y.  PICKERING. 
Conheath,  Dumfriesshire. 

When  I  was  a  child,  we  were  in  the  habit 
of  writing  : — 

Black  is  the  raven,  blacker  the  rook, 
But  blackest  the  one  who  stealeth  this  book, 
on  the  fly-leaves  of  our  books.     C.  B.  E. 

Many  years  ago  this  was  my  bookplate  :-. — 
To  whpmsoe'er  this  book  I  lend, 
Serve  it  well  as  if  a  friend, 
Or  as  if  it  belonged  to  you. 
Mindful  of  dirt  and  the  thumb-screw. 
When  you  have  read  its  pages  through 
Return  it  to  George  James  Dew. 

GEORGE  J.  DEW.. 

"  MARK  RUTHERFORD  "  (12  S.  viii.  231). — 
In  *  Essays  and  Studies  by  Members  of  the 
English  Association,'  vol.  v.  (Clarendon- 
Press),  there  is  an  admirable  appreciation  of* 
"Mark  Rutherford"  by  A.  E.  Taylor,  with 
some  biographical  details  concerning  Hale 
White.  R.  A.  H. 

.According  to  'Who  was  Who,  1897-1916,' 
William  Hale  White  had  retired  from  his 
post  as  Assistant  Director  of  Contracts  in 
the  Admiralty,  when  he  died  Mar.  14,  1913, 
and  his  publications  were  as  follows  :  '  The 
Autobiography  of  Mark  Rutherford,'  '  Mark 
Rutherford's  Deliverance,'  1885;  'The 
Revolution  in  Tanner's  Lane,'  1887; 
'  Miriam's  Schooling,'  1890 ;  Spinoza's 
*  Ethic';  'Spinoza's  Emendation  of  the 
Intellect '  ;  '  Catherine  Furze,'  1894  ;  '  Clara 
Hopgood,'  1896;  'A  Description  of  the 
Wordsworth  and  Coleridge  MSS.'  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  T.  Norton  Longman, 
1897;  'An  Examination  of  the  Charge  of 
Apostasy  against  Wordsworth,'  1898 ; 
'Pages  from  a  Journal,'  1900;  'John 
Bunyan,'  1905  ;  '  Johnson's  Rambler,' 
'Selections,'  with  Preface,  1907;  "More 
Pages  from  a  Journal,'  1910  ;  '  Papers  in  The 
Nation.  HARMETOPEGOS. 

THE  GREEN  MAN,  ASHBOTJRNE  (12  S. 
viii.  29,  77,  113,  157,  176).— Anent  the 
reference  made  by  Persicus  to  the  "  public- 
house  close  to  Portland  Road  Station,"  I 
cull  the  following  from  '  The  History  of  St. 
John's  Wood,  Regent's  Park,  and  it& 
Environs '  : — 

"  We  must  look  across  opposite  at  the  Green 
Man  Tavern  at  383  Euston  Road  which  covers1 


12  s.  vm.  APRIL  2,  i92i.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


the  site  of  the  Old  Farthing  Pie  House  which  was 
in  existence  in  1724,  and  where  it  is  said  '  bits  of 
mutton  were  put  into  a  crust  shaped  like  a  pie 
and  actually  sold  for  a  farthing  '  ' 

The  London  Directory  of  this  year  gives 
the  title  of  the  public -house  as  The  Green 
Man  only,  without  the  addition  of  "  Still." 

A  helpful  article  by  MB.  E.  E.  NEWTON 
in  The  Hampstead  and  Highgate  Express, 
suggested  by  the  centenary  of  John  Keats, 
tells  us  that,  at  the  time  of  the  poet's 
residence  in  Hampstead,  there  existed 
another  Green  Man  Tavern.  It  was 
situate  where  the  present  Wells  Hotel 
now  stands  in  Well  Walk.  The  Green 
Man  and  the  adjoining  house  in  which 
Keats  lodged  with  Bentley,  "the  village 
postman"  in  the  summer  of  1817,  were 
razed  about  the  year  1849. 

Readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  be  interested 
in  this  further  record  of  a  title  whose 
raison  d'etre  has  provoked  some  controversy. 

CECIL,  CLARKE. 


Hamlet  and  the  Scottish  Succession.  By  Lilian 
Winstanley.  (Cambridge  University  Press,  10s.) 
THIS  is  an  adventurous  and  interesting  attempt 
to  find  a  new  interpretation  of  Hamlet  in  con- 
temporary history,  and  even  to  show  that  Shake- 
speare wrote  it  as  a  political  pamphlet  in  support 
of  the  claim  of  James  VI  of  Scotland  to  the 
English  throne.  The  use  of  the  drama  as  a 
commentary  on  current  events  is  probably  as  old 
as  dramatic  art  itself,  and  the  likelihood  of  a  play 
having  a  half -concealed  political  meaning  is 
naturally  increased  when  the  times  are  so  dan- 
gerous that  outspoken  criticism  on  matters  of 
public  interest  is  liable  to  be  treated  as  a  crime. 
We  know  that  in  the  turmoils  of  Elizabeth's 
reign  the  stage  supplied  that  outlet  for  public 
opinion  which  we  now  have  in  the  newspaper 
press,  and  that,  as  Miss  Winstanley  points  out, 
the  play  of  Richard  II  did  actually  bring  Shake- 
speare under  suspicion  of  treasonable  sympathies. 
There  is  therefore  some  temptation  to  apply 
historical  research  to  the  case  of  *  Hamlet,'  and 
make  the  events  that  chiefly  stirred  men's 
minds  at  the  time  explain  a  play  that  had  a 
striking  popular  success.  This  book  purports  to 
show  that  '  Hamlet '  is  a  commentary,  first,  on  the 
blackest  tragedy  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  that  is,  the 
mystery  of  Darnley's  murder,  and  the  crimes  and 
terrible  fate  of  Mary  Stuart ;  secondly,  on  the 
great  political  problem  of  the  later  years  of  the 
reign,  that  of  the  succession  to  the  English  throne, 
and  the  claims  of  king  James  of  Scotland  ;  and 
in  connexion  and  some  confusion  with  this,  on 
the  conspiracy  and  execution  of  Essex,  whose 
defence  against  the  charge  of  treason  was  that 
he  had  desired  the  throne  for  James  and  not  for 
himself. 

There  is  much  that  is  very  fresh  and  illuminating 
in  this  effort  to  understand  the  play  better  by 


reconstructing  the  mental  background  supplied  J 
by  the  audiences  to  which  Shakespeare's  company 
played.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind,  however,, 
that  no  task  is  more  dubious  or  difficult  than 
this  reconstruction  of  a  state  of  feeling  far 
removed  from  our  own,  and  the  uncertainty  of 
the  date  of  '  Hamlet '  increases  the  difficulty,  and 
makes  it  unfortunate  that  so  much  stress  is  laid 
on  the  political  situation  which  was  engaging 
attention  at  the  "  exact  moment "  when '  Hamlet  * 
was  written.  Even  the  date  adopted  in  the 
book  is  far  from  being  an  exact  moment,  as  the 
time  of  composition  is  extended  over  the  years 
from  1601  to  1604.  Nor  is  any  exact  moment 
vital  to  the  argument,  as  all  the  dates  suggested 
are  at  least  late  enough  to  allow  for  acquaintance 
with  the  historical  events  which  concern  the 
theory  advanced. 

According  to  this  theory,  Denmark,  in  the 
play,  stands  for  Scotland,  Hamlet's  father  fop 
Darnley,  his  mother  for  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  - 
Claudius  for  Bothwell,  indeed  for  Bothwell  the 
younger  also — Laertes  is  Raleigh,  Polonius  is 
Burleigh  combined  with  Rizzio ;  and,  most 
remarkable  of  all,  Hamlet  himself  is  James 
combined  with  Essex  ;  while  the  Gonzago  play 
is  inserted  in  order  to  give  the  audience  a  himV 
that  there  is  a  political  purpose  to  be  sought  for. . 
These  parallelisms  are  worked  out  with  great- 
ingenuity,  but  are  pressed  beyond  all  probability,., 
and  we  cannot  entirely  sympathize  with  the 
tendency  to  interpret  a  work  of  abiding  greatness 
purely  in  the  light  of  passing  events.  A  creative 
artist  is  very  apt  indeed  to  make  use  of  material 
supplied  by  contemporary  events  and  characters, 
but  we  have  had  enough  great  poets  in  our  own 
time  to  know  that  nothing  enrages  them  more- 
than  the  attempt  to  explain  all  their  work, 
by  the  literal  following  of  this  clue,  and  the  • 
patient  identification  of  each  allusion. 

It  is  true  that  many  of  the  circumstances  of 
the  time  are  reflected  in  the  play  of  '  Hamlet  'much  : 
more  faithfully  than  are  the  details  of  the  original ! 
"  Amleth  "   saga  which   is   commonly  called   its 
source.     But  the  identification  of  the  most  fas- 
cinating  character   in   literature   with   the   most 
ungainly  figure  in  history,  and  at  the  same  time 
of    the    most    romantic,    if    faulty,    character   in  > 
history  with   one   of   the   most   coldly   repulsive 
women    in    literature,    though    an    extraordinary 
tour  de  force,  revolts  our  instincts  too  deeply  to  • 
be  successful.     The  disparity  of  soul  over-rides  all  i 
coincidences  of  moral  conduct  or  of  small  detail. . 
Some  of  these  coincidences  really  prove  little,  as  > 
when  they  are  exceedingly  common  characteristics, . 
such  as  fear  of  violence,  want  of  firmness  in  dealing 
with  crime,  and  a  self-defensive  trick  of  quibbling, 
with  questioners  ;  or  when  very  slight,  like  the  use- 
of  "  tablets  "  for  taking  notes,  or  a  coincidence  in 
age.     We  are  offered  a  better  and  very  interest- 
ing reason  for  the  comparison,  when  it  is  sug- 
gested that  Shakespeare,  writing  before  he  had 
seen  James,  who  had  not  yet  set  foot  in  England, 
endowed  him  with  imaginary  attractions  in  order  • 
to  commend   him  to   the   nation.     Another  and 
not   quite    consistent   account   of   the   charm   ofr 
Hamlet's    character   is    provided    by    deriving   itt 
from  the  character  of  Essex,  but  there  is  nothing^ 
necessarily    convincing    about    the    points    they 
have  in  common — a  studious  nature,  an  irresolute  • 
will,     and     fits      of     overwhelming     depression.. 
And    this    theory    introduces    the    confusion    of. 


-280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    112  s.  vm.  APML  2, 1921. 


•making  Fortinbras  instead  of  Hamlet  personate 
..James  when  occasion  arises,  that  is  when  Fortin- 
bras appears  as  the  chosen  heir  to  the  throne, 
coming  from  another  and  more  northern  kingdom. 
As  to  the  parallels  between  minor  characters, 
they   are   partly   clever  and   partly  fanciful.     It 
can  hardly  be  granted  that  the  murder  of  Polonius 
resembles  that  of  Rizzio  because  both  took  place 
.  in  the  presence  of  a  Queen,  and  a  staircase  figures 
in  both  stories — and  too  many  clues  are  equally 
slight.      "  There  is  a  river  in  Macedon,  and  there 
is  also  moreover  a  river  at  Monmouth." 

On  the  whole  then  we  cannot  admit  that 
psychologically  the  case  is  made  out,  especially 
as  we  are  left  wondering,  what  is  the  cause 
of  the  continued  and  present  popularity  of 
*  Hamlet,'  supposing  its  appeal  to  the  public  on 
its  first  production  to  have  been  entirely  dependent 
on  its  aptness  in  glancing  at  the  questions  of 
the  day.  The  book  however  brings  out  many 
points  of  historical  interest,  and  thows  an  un- 
accustomed light  on  Shakespeare's  own  political 
position  and  sympathies. 

.  The  Boy  Bishop  at  Salisbury  and  Elsewhere.  By 
the  Rev.  J.  M.  J.  Fletcher.  (Salisbury, 
Brown  &  Co.,  Gd.) 

THE  friends  who  insisted  on  Canon  Fletcher's 
printing  his  lecture  on  the  Boy  Bishop  have 
deserved  well  of  us  all.  This  is  a  most  careful 
and  thorough- going  account  of  a  curious  custom, 
which  whether  one  looks  at  it  from  the  historical 

•  or   the   psychological   point   of   view   is   of   quite 
unusual  interest.     The  boy-bishop  was  abolished 
in  England  by  Henry  VIII.  ;  in  France,  in  1721  ; 
Tie  still  lingers  on,  we  are  told,  at  the  Propaganda 

•  College  at  Rome.   This  is  a  long  persistence  ;  and  we 
may  recollect  that  through  many  years  the  keeping 

'  of  the  custom  was  widespread  and  energetic. 
That  the  Saturnalia  should  have  been  taken  over 

'  into  some  Christian  feast  is  not  perhaps  matter 
for  surprise  :  but  that  the  special  idea  of  topsy- 
turveydom,  which  gave  the  Saturnalia  their 
peculiar  zest,  should  have  taken  so  firm  a  hold  in 
the  very  inner  courts  of  the  Church,  and  have  been 
enacted  so  elaborately  in  almost  every  way  short 
of  the  actual  celebration  of  the  Mass,  may  well 
raise  a  manifold  astonishment.  Two  or  three 
separate  threads  of  Christian  legend  and  custom 
came  to  be  interwoven  with  the  remnant  of  pagan 
tradition  ;  Canon  Fletcher  draws  them  skilfully 
out  before  us. 

He  begins  his  discussion  with  the  well-known 
effigy  at  Salisbury.  The  assumption  that  this 
represents  a  boy-bishop  who  died  during  his 
tenure  of  office  goes  no  further  back  than  the 
seventeenth  century.  Reasonably  enough,  Canon 
Fletcher  agrees  with  later  writers  who  maintain 
that  it  is  a  wholly  mistaken  assumption,  and  that 
the  effigy  probably  indicates  the  burial-place  of 
some  portion  of  the  remains  of  a  bishop  whose 
body  was  buried  elsewhere. 

English    Philology    in   English    Universities :    An 

inaugural  Lecture  delivered  in  the  Examination 

Schools  on  February  2,  1921.     By  Henry  Cecil 

Wyld.     (Clarendon  Press,  2s.  Qd.  net.) 

IN  this  able  and  outspoken  lecture,  after  paying 

a  graceful  tribute  to  his  predecessor  in  the  Merton 

Chair  of  English  Language  and  Literature,  Prof. 

Wyld  proceeds  to  apply  two  shrewd  tests  to  the 


English  philological  work  done  in  English  Uni- 
versities. The  first  is  the  amount  of  fresh  con- 
tribution to  knowledge  made  by  the  English 
Universities,  the  second  the  number  and  quality 
of  the  teachers  they  train.  He  does  not  find 
that  English  philology  comes  well  out  of  it,  even 
though  the  general,  uninstructed  interest  in 
philological  questions  is  considerable.  The 
volume  of  research  in  English  Philology  he  has  no 
difficulty  in  showing  to  be  inconsiderable  if  com- 
pared with  the  field  and  the  facilities  at  the 
researcher's  disposal.  The  great  bulk  of  th 
work  done  must  fall  to  German  credit.  The 
English  Universities — too  exclusively  occupied 
with  textual  work — have  hitherto  failed  in  pro- 
ducing anything  of  great  constructive  value. 
They  have,  urged  the  Professor,  "  accepted  the 
part  of  mere  onlookers  at  the  various  tours  de 
force  which  the  foreigner  has  performed  in  the 
great  name  of  English  Philology."  (One  great 
exception  he  does  not  fail  to  mention — the 
Oxford  Dictionary.)  After  laying  a  finger  on 
several  mistakes,  the  Professor  proceeds  to  out- 
line a  new  scheme,  or  rather  mode,  of  study 
whereof  the  keynote  is  research.  The  lecture 
deserves  serious  attention  on  the  part  of  all  who 
are  actively  interested  in  the  study  of  English 
philology. 

A  Shakespeare  Dictionary.     Part  III.  :  Macbeth. 

By  Arthur  E.  Baker.  (4s.  net.) 
MB.  BAKER  (the  Borough  Librarian  at  Taunton) 
has  set  his  hand  to  a  useful  piece  of  work.  He 
does  not  enter  upon  difficult  problems,  nor  make 
any  tedious  show  of  erudition — for  example,  he 
leaves  the  question  of  the  authorship  of  '  Macbeth  ' 
severely  alone,  and  he  refuses  to  stray  into  the 
many  by-paths — classical  or  mediaeval — which 
open  naturally  out  to  him.  But  he  gives  an 
alphabet  of  the  names  and  more  important  words 
that  occur  in  the  play,  sets  out  the  history, 
allusions  or  traditions  connected  with  each  and 
illustrates  copiously  from  topographical  and 
historical  works.  The  '  Dictionary  '  is  preceded 
by  a  careful  outline  of  the  play,  and  followed  by 
extracts,  chiefly  from  Holinshed,  and  '  The 
Secret  History  of  Macbeth,'  showing  the  historical 
material  upon  which  the  story  is  based.  This 
work,  as  a  whole,  should  prove  especially  service- 
able to  readers  who,  not  having  gone  through  any 
school  course  on  the  subject,  are  beginning  a 
course  of  Shakespeare  reading  for  themselves. 
'  Julius  Caesar  '  and  '  As  you  like  it  '  have  already 
appeared  :  '  The  Tempest '  and  '  Hamlet '  are 
ready  for  the  press.  Two  of  the  Appendices 
consist  of  contributions  on  '  Macbeth '  which 
appeared  in  our  columns  in  1903,  and  1907. 


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THE   IMPORTANCE  OF 
SPANISH. 


ANOTHER  TRIUMPH  FOR  PELMAN   METHOD  OF 
LEARNING    FOREIGN  LANGUAGES. 


Pelmanism  as  applied  to  the  learning  of  Foreign 
Languages,  has  registered  a  further  triumph, 

As  readers  know,  the  Pelraan  method  of  learning 
French  in  about  one-third  the  usual  time  has  been 
received  on  all  sides  with  extraordinary  enthusiasm. 

All  who  have  taken  this  Course  agree  that  it  is  the 
best  and  simplest   method  of    learning  French  ever 
introduced  into  this  country, 
"The  method  is  splendid,"  writes  M.iso. 
"  Fulfils  a  long-felt  want,"  writes  W.ioH. 
"What   the    student  has  wanted  for   years," 

writes  8.130. 

"  Never  in  my  life  have  1  enjoyed  anything  so 
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Full  particulars  of  this  remarkable  method  will  be 
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language  of  Spain. 

This  news  is  exceptionally  important  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  Spanish,  which  is  spoken  by  over  80,000,000 
people  to-day,  has  become  one  of  the  leading  com- 
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From  a  literary  point  of  view,  of  course,  the  im- 
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As  an  old  writer  says  : — 

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admire  it,  there  being  about  it  something 
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SIMPLE    TO    LEARN. 

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281 


LONDON,  APRIL  9,  1921. 


CONTE  NTS.— No.  156. 

•NOTES:— 'Ralph  Roister  Doister '  :  Nicholas  Udall.  281— 
Among  the  Shakespeare  Archives :  The  Death  of  John 
Bretchgirdle,  284 -Robert  Whatley,  286 -The  Beginning 
of  .-Esthetic  Criiicism  in  Italy,  28S— The  Travellers'  Club 
depicted  by  an  Old  French  Member.  291— Some  Ulster 
Rhymes— "  Spilt  Himself  "— Alstonfield,  co.  Staffs.,  292. 

"QUERIES:- Julie  Bonaparte's  Letters— Marbury— Ander- 
son, Gamekeeper  to  Marquess  of  Tweeddale,  292— St. 
Leger  Philpots  and  Goldsmith  —  B.  A.  and  T.  Fawcet 
—Christopher  George  Barlow,  D.D.  — Peter  Tillemans, 
Artist,  16S4-1734— Income  Tax  Exemption  :  Brighton— 
The  Royal  Horse  Guards— Hunger  Strike  in  the  Four- 
teenth Century— Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury's  'De  Veri- 
tate,'  293— Spanish  Horsehair  Armour— Grays  '  Elegy'— 
Liverpool  Half-penny  —  H.  Z.  H.  —  Queen  Elizabeth's 
•Statue,  St.  Dunstan's-in-tbe-West— Author  of  Quotation 
Wanted— Author  Wanted,  294. 

"(REPLIES  :  -Double  Firsts  at  Oxford,  294— Rose-Coloured 
Vestments  on  Mothering  Sunday— Book  Borrowers,  298— 
The  Lord's  Prayer  in  the  Gipsy  or  Romany  Language- 
Funeral  Cake—The  Qualities  of  Female  Beauty—"  Sing- 
ing Bread  "  —  Capt.  Cook  :  Memorials,  297  —  Monthly 
Periodical:  'Penny  Post'  — 'Hinchbridge  Haunted:  a 
Country  Ghost  Story  '—Churches  of  St.  Michael— Capt. 
Charles  Morris— Dr.  Johnson:  Portrait  in  Hill's  Edition 
of  Boswell,  298— Tavern  Sign  :  Castle  and  Wheelbarrow- 
Leg  of  Mutton  Clubs— Turner  Family— James  Peake— 
"Loke"-Old  Song  Wanted— Cowper  :  Pronunciation  of 
Name— The  Honourable  Mr.— Emerson's  '  English  Traits,' 
299. 

NOTKS  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Repertory  of  British  Archives,' 
Parti.  'England  ' 

OBITUARY  :— William  Blyth  Gerish. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


'  RALPH  ROISTER  DOISTER  '  : 
NICHOLAS  UDALL. 
(See  11  S.  viii.  510.) 

I  HOPE  that  the  very  successful  revival  of 
the  old  English  comedy,  /  Ralph  Roister 
Doister,'  by  Nicholas — Udall,  supposed  to  be 
the  earliest  in  the  language — which  took 
place  in  the  old  Abbot's  dining-hall  at 
Westminster  School  last  January  will  not 
be  allowed  to  go  unrecorded  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
in  these  days  of  revivals,  in  more  or  less 
suitable  surroundings,  of  many  an  old 
masque  or  interlude.  And  of  these  '  Ralph 
Roister  Doister '  is  by  no  means  the  least 
interesting,  or  its  sot-ting  the  least  successful. 
Produced  bv  Mr.  Christopher  Hussey  in  aid 
of  the  fund  now  being  subscribed  for  the 
restoration  of  Westminster  Abbey,  Miss 


Kitty  Ashton  made  a  most  admirable  pre- 
sentation of  it,  assisted  by  four  other  ladies 
and  six  members  of  the  Oxford  University 
Dramatic  Society,  to  all  of  whom  must  be 
awarded  unstinted  praise  for  the  great 
success  that  attended  their  efforts  in  the 
presence  of  an  audience  largely  drawn  from 
literary  artel  dramatic  as  well  as  from 
antiquarian  circles. 

The  fine  oak  screen  at  the  end  of  the  hall, 
with  its  pair  of  doorways  and  open  case- 
ment frames  overhead,  was  all  the  staging 
that  was  required  for  the  play.  Of  this  a 
capital  drawing  from  the  pencil  of  Mr.  D. 
Macpherson, — shewing  Dame  distance  (Miss 
Ashton),  Ralph  Roister  Doister  (Mr.  Eric 
Bush),  and  his  impish  sycophant  Mery- 
greeke  (Mr.  Ledyard)  in  the  scene  (Act  III. 
sc.  iv.)  of  the  reading  of  the  famous  love- 
letter,  or  "  ambiguitie," — which  was  the 
means,  centuries  later,  of  tracing  the 
authorship  of  the  plays — appeared  in  the 
Sphere  of  Jan.  15.  The  whole  thing  was  a 
delightful  presentation,  and,  throughout,  the 
atmosphere  of  the  Tudor  rose  hung  lightly 
over  it  all. 

Notices  of  the  performance  have  appeared 
in  many  of  the  leading  daily  and  weekly 
papers;  whilst  most  of  these  journals,  in 
reviewing  the  revival  of  the  play,  gave 
some  slight  notices  of  the  author  and  of  the 
circumstances  in  which  it  was  written.  One 
and  all  seemed  to  think  it  most  fitting  that 
this  revival  should  have  taken  place  in  the 
very  hall  in  which,  quite  possibly,  it  had 
been  originally  acted  by  Westminster 
scholars  some  three  hundred  and  fifty  years 
ago,  and  under  the  supervision  of  its  author, 
their  o\vn  head  master. 

In  'N.  &  Q.',  too,  the  subject  of  Nicholas 
Udall  and  his  play  of  '  Ralph  Roister  Doister  ' 
has  from  time  to  time  come  up  for  discussion 
with  respect  to  one  or  other  of  the  aspects 
that  have  presented  themselves  to  your 
correspondents  ;  but  it  seems  to  me 
that  there  are  other  aspects  from  which  this 
play  and  its  author  may  be  considered  now 
that  public  interest  in  the  subject  has  been 
so  pleasantly  quickened  by  the  recent 
revival  at  Westminster.  And  first  as  to  the 
circumstances  that  led  to  the  discovery  of 
the  play  and  its  author.  These  have 
been  already  alluded  to  in  '  N.  &  Q.',  but 
I  hope  that  I  may  be  allowed  again  to  state 
the  facts,  so  far  as  they  can  with  any  cer- 
tainty be  ascertained. 

This  happy  revival  has,  of  course,  arisen 
all  through  the  lucky  chance  by  which  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Briggs,  himself  an  old  Etonian, 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [i2s.vm.An«I.9)  mi. 


became  possessed  (c.  1818)  of  what  is  now 
believed  to  be  the  only  copy  in  existence  of 
'  Ralph  Roister  Doister,'  bound  up  in  a 
volume  of  old  plays,  when,  after  striking  off 
some  thirty  copies  of  it  for  his  own  use,  he 
presented  the  black-letter  original  to  the 
library  of  his  old  school,  where  it  now 
remains.  There  I  have  inspected  it — many 
years  ago — and  of  one  of  these  copies  I  am 
now  the  fortunate  possessor. 

It  is  quite  clear  that  when  Mr.  Briggs  made 
this  presentation  to  his  old  school  he  had 
no  idea  that  the  play  was  the  work  of  a 
former  "  informator,"  or  head  master,  of 
the  school,  Nicholas  Udall ;  and  it  may  be 
equally  certain  that  he  never  entertained  the 
possibility  of  its  being  produced  a  century 
afterwards  at  another  ancient  school  where 
that  old  "  informator "  was  to  have  spent 
the  short  remainder  of  his  life. 

At  the  time  of  Mr.  Briggs' s  gift  the 
author's  name  was  not  even  suspected,  the 
title-page  being  absent,  and  there  being  no 
colophon.  It  was  reserved  for  Mr.  J.  P. 
Collier,  as  he  tells  us  in  the  preface  to  his 
'  Bibl.  Account  of  Early  English  Literatiire  ' 
(1865)  to  say  how  the  authorship  came  to  be 
discovered.  And  his  elucidation  shows  that 
more  minds  than  one  were  concerned  in 
this.  Thomas  Wilson,  in  his  '  Rule  of 
Reason '  (1553)  had  spoken  of  a  certain 
"  ambiguitie "  in  an  interlude  by  one 
Nicolas  Vdal,  with  whom  he  was  personally 
acquainted ;  and  Collier  recognized  the  words' 
of  this  "ambiguitie"  in  his  reading  of  the 
play  known  as  '  Ralph  Roister  Doister.' 
Ergo,  t(  Nicolas  Vdal "  must  have  written 
'  Ralph  Roister  Doister.' 

It  is  the  opinion  of  Prof.  Arber,  who  edited 
a  reprint  of  this  play  in  his  well-known 
series  of  "English  Reprints"  published  in 
1869,  that  it  was  undoubtedly  written 
before  the  close  of  Edward  VI. 's  reign,  who 
died  in  1553.  The  sole  evidence  of  when 
it  was  printed  is  to  be  gathered  from  the 
Stationers'  Company's  Register,  which  points 
to  the  year  1566,  a  period  well  advanced  in 
Elizabeth's  reign.  This  may  be  confirmed 
by  the  address  to  the  Queen  by  the  actors 
immediately  preceding  the  songs  which 
conclude  the  play,  and  which  in  the  opinion 
of  Prof.  Arber  can  only  refer  to  Queen 
Elizabeth. 

As  to  the  suggestion  that  this  address  or 
prayer  was  intended  for  Queen  Mary  I  would 
refer  your  readers  to  the  above  reference, 
where  the  question  is  considered  at  some 
length.  There  would  seem  to  be  little 
authority  for  the  suggestion  that  it  could 


refer  to  the  late  King  Henry's  surviving: 
consort,  Katherine  Parr,  though  no  doubt 
Udall  was  associated  with  her  and  also  with, 
the  Princess  Mary  in  the  translations  of 
Erasmus's  '  Paraphrase  upon  the  New 
Testament.'  It  seems  to  be  the  general 
opinion,  however,  that  these  verses  are  an 
interpolation  of  a  later  date,  and,  it  may 
be,  by  Udall  himself.  It  has  been  suggested, 
too,  as  not  improbable  that  this  address  . 
may  have  been  the  forerunner  of  our  own  ' 
4  National  Anthem.' 

It  is  thought  that  the  play  was  first 
written  for  the  Eton  boys  to  act  at  a  time- 
when  Udall  was  head  master  there a- 

supposition  which  is  indeed  more  probable 
when  we  learn  from  Mr.  W.  D.  Cooper, 
F.S.A.,  the  editor  of  an  edition  of  the  play 
printed  for  the  Shakespeare  Society  in  1847, 
that  it  was  the  custom  at  Eton  about  the 
feast  of  St.  Andrew  for  the  master  to  choose 
some  Latin  stage-play  for  the  boys  to  act 
in  the  following  Christmas  holidays,  and 
that  he  might  have  ordered  some  smart  and 
witty  English  plays. 

From  other  sources  we  know  that 
amongst  the  writings  of  Udall  about  the 
year  1540  (the  time  when  he  was  at  Eton) 
are  recited  • '  Plures  Comediae,'  written  pro- 
bably to  be  acted  by  his  scholars ;  and, 
says  Mr.  Cooper, 

"it  is  equally  probable  that  the  English  comedy 
was  written  with  a  like  object,  for  it  is  admirably 
adapted  to  be  a  good  acting  play,  and  the  author 
avers  in  the  Prologue  that  his  models  were  Plautu» 
and  Terence,  with  whose  writings  his  scholars 
were  familiar." 

It  is  therefore,  no  great  stretch  of  imagina- 
tion to  believe  that,  as  I  suggested  in 
'N.  &  Q.'  in  1904  (10  S.  ii.  183),  and  may 
I  repeat  now  ?  May  not  this  play,  even  if 
not  written  for  and  acted  by  the  Eton 
scholars,  be  the  precursor  of  those  plays  of 
Terence  and  Plautus  with  which  West- 
minster boys  are  wont  to  delight  their 
friends  at  the  present  day  ?  May  not, 
indeed,  these  very  plays  have  been  originated 
by  the  old  Westminster  head  master,  himself 
the  author  of  '  Flowers  for  Latin  Speaking,' 
addressed  to  his  pupils,  during  the  brief 
time  he  remained  in  charge  of  the  school,, 
not  long  before  his  death  in  December,  1556  ? 
And  is  it  not  also  very  probable  that  this 
formed  one  of  the  principal  reasons  why  the 
present  performances  have  now  been  cast  in 
the  old  Abbot's  hall  at  Westminster,  which 
affords  a  most  delightful  setting  to  such  a 
very  interesting  and  historical  dramatic- 
revival  ? 


12  s.  VIIL  APRIL  9, i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283- 


From  the  time  he  left  Oxford  in  1524 — 
whither  he  had  gone  to  Corpus  Christ i 
College  as  a  scholar  from  Winchester — 
Udall  seems  to  have  been  engaged  in 
teaching,  and  from  his  learning  and  classical 
attainments  soon  became  extensively  known, 
so  that  ten  years  later  he  was  appointed 
"  Magister  Informator,"  or  head  master,  of 
Eton  College.  Dismissed  from  Eton  in 
1541 — for  reasons  which  it  is  not  necessary 
here  to  enter  into — he  continued  to  be 
engaged  for  some  time,  in  conjunction  with 
the  Princess  Mary,  as  I  have  said,  in  trans- 
lating Erasnms's  'Paraphrase  upon  the 
New  Testament '  into  English,  which  was 
printed  in  black  letter  in  two  volumes  in 
1548  by  Edward  Whitchurch  ;  of  the  first 
volume  of  which  in  the  original  embossed 
leathered-covered  binding,  with  leather  and 
metal  clasps,  and  containing  the  books  of 
the  four  Evangelists  and  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles,  I  am  again  the  fortunate  pos- 
sessor, though,  sad  to  say,  it  is  lacking  in  the 
last  chapter  of  the  Acts. 

It  is  clear  that  Udall  must  have  retained 
—considerable  influence  at  Court,  for  he  was 
appointed  in  succession  Vicar  of  Braintree, 
Prebend  of  Windsor,  Rector  of  Calthorn, 
and  in  1555,  head  master  of  Westminster 
School  which  he  held  until  a  month  or  two 
before  his  death  at  the  end  of  the  following 
year. 

With  his  character  or  ability  as  a  school- 
master we  are  not  here  so  much  concerned. 
But  if  the  popular  saying  that  "  the  best 
master  is  the  best  beater  ' '  is  true,  then  from 
what  Thomas  Tusser  says  of  him,  derived 
from  his  own  personal  experiences  as  an 
Eton  scholar,  we  must  conclude  that  it  stood 
very  high,  second  only  perhaps  in  this 
respect  to  his  famous  successor  at  West- 
minster, Dr.  Busby. 

As  to  Udall's  personal  appearance  there 
would  seem  to  be  no  evidence — no  portrait 
extant.  What  authority,  then,  is  there  for 
the  portrait,  contemptible  both  physically 
and  morally,  drawn  of  the  man  therein 
described  as  "  Magister  Nicholas  Udal," 
in  those  three  very  interesting  volumes 
relating  to  the  Tudor  period  by  Mr.  Ford 
Madox  Hueffer— 'The  Fifth  Queen,'  'The 
Privy  Seal '  and  '  The  Fifth  Queen  Crowned  ' 
— which  are  surely  intended  to  be  more 
than  mere  works  of  fiction  ?  The  Saturday 
Review  of  July  11,  1908,  in  reviewing  the 
last  of  these  books,  remarks  : — 

"  The  author  is  not  careful  to  follow  exactly 
11i<>  record  of  events  as  related  in  creditable 
histories," 


and  asks  : — 

"  on  what  grounds  he  makes  Nicholas  Udall  play 
so  important  a  part  at  Court  and  in  the  life  of 
K a therine  Howard,  when,  according  to  history,  he  - 
was  at  Oxford,  and  then  at  Eton  till  1541,  and,- 
later,  Vicar  of  Braintree  ?  " 

To  that  question  no  answer  has  yet  been  - 
returned.     May  we  not   take  it  then  that 
the   portrait   as   drawn   by   Mr.    Hueffer   is  • 
wholly  imaginative  and  incorrect,  and  that 
the  work  upon  which  Udall  was  engaged  in 
Court  circles  was  confined  to  what  has  been 
already   stated,   namely,   the   assistance   he  • 
was    rendering    the    Princess    Mary    in    her 
religious  or  ecclesiastical  studies,  and  later,, 
perhaps,  to  the  preparation  and  supervision 
of  stage-plays  for  the  Court  ? 

Whilst  it  is  impossible  in  the  limited 
space  of  this  article  to  make  any  observa- 
tions upon  the  way  in  which  the  play  has 
been  presented  to  us,  some  slight  comment 
may,  perhaps,  be  allowed  upon  one  of  the 
outstanding  features  of  the  plot — which 
formed  the  "  ambiguitie  "  which  led,  as  we- 
have  seen,  to  the  discovery  of  the  author — 
as  illustrating  the  antiquity  of  this  style  of '. 
versification,  a  kind  of  nonsense  verse,, 
which,  by  a  change  in  punctuation,  causes 
a  different  or  an  exactly  opposite  impression 
of  its  contents  to  be  drawn.  This  is,  of 
course  Ralph's  famous  letter  to  Dame 
Custance,  already  alluded  to  as  occurring 
in  Act  III.  sc.  iv.,  which  Merygreeke- 
wrongly  and  purposely  misread,  and  upon 
which  the  rightful  interpretation  was  sub- 
sequently placed  by  the  Scrivener  (sc.  v.).- 
This  I  have  already  pointed  out  in  '  N.  &Q  .' 
(10  S.  ii.  183),  where  I  set  out  the  letter  in 
full  in  its  misleading  form,  and  suggested 
that  this  was,  so  far  as  I  was  aware,  the 
earliest  instance  of  this  style  of  versification. 
A  later  instance  has,  however,  been  given 
by  Miss  Alice  Law  in  an  article  in  The 
Fortnightly  Review  for  September,  1889,  in 
which  she  contributes  a  verse  of  ten  lines 
taken  from  an  old  MS.  commonplace  book,. 
temp.  1667,  which  Miss  Law  describes  as 
"  a  nonsense  verse  of  extraordinary  charm." 
This  is,  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  very 
similar  to  the  one  of  which  I  gave  an  illus- 
tration in  The  Folk-Lore  Journal  in  1889 
(vii.  261)  in  a  lengthy  article  on  'Dorset- 
shire Children's  Games,'  commencing  : — 

I  saw  a  fish-pond  all  on  fire  ; 

I  saw  a  house  bow  to  a  squire  ; 

I  saw  a  parson  twelve  feet  high  ; 

I  saw  a  cottage  near  the  sky  ;  &c. 
and  in  which  by  an  alteration  in  the  punc- 
tuation, the  whole  sense  is  changed  and  the 
jingle  becomes  at  once  intelligible. 


'284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.APRiL9,i92i. 


Can  any  one  inform  me  of  any  earlier 
instance  in  English  writing  of  this  kind  of 
versification  than  that  afforded  by  the 
-above-mentioned  "  ambiguitie  "  in  '  Ralph 
Roister  Doister '  ?  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

f<See  ante,  pp.  23,  46,   66,  83,  124,  146,   181, 
223,  241,  262.) 

THE  DEATH  OF  JOHN   BRETCHGIRDLE. 

In  the  midst  of  his  fight  with  the  Plague 
at  Stratford  John  Bretchgirdle  was  worried 
by  his  landlord  at  Witton,  Sir  Thomas 
Venables.  For  reasons  as  to  which  we  can 
only  speculate,  Sir  Thomas,  who  was  "not 
favourable  to  True  Religion,"  having  got 
into  his  hands  the  deeds  of  Bretchgirdle 's 
lease  of  the  house  and  land  adjoining  Witton 
Chapel-yard,  determined  to  evict  him. 
About  Whitsuntide  1564  he  entered  upon 
the  premises,  turned  out  Bretchgirdle 's 
servants  and  impounded  his  horse,  worth 
40s.,  which  "died  for  famine."  Such  at 
any  rate  is  Bretchgirdle 's  complaint  in  a 
bill  in  Chancery  dated  Oct.  12.  This  was 
aboiit  a  fortnight  after  John  Brownsword's 
settlement  as  schoolmaster  in  Warwick. 

John  Brownsword,  it  will  be  remembered, 
was  Bretchgirdle 's  pupil  at  Witton.  Among 
his  Latin  poems  are  three  addressed  to  his 
Master — cne  produced  while  he  was  a  boy 
at  Witton  ;  the  second  composed  at  Poynton 
soon  after  his  leaving  Witton,  when  he  may 
have  been  chaplain  and  tutor  in  Lady 
Warren's  household  at  Poynton  Park,  about 
the  beginning  of  1560  ;  and  the  third  written 
at  Wilmslow,  shortly  before  Christmas, 
1560.  They  contain  scraps  of  biography 
and  are  full  of  respect  and  affection  for 
Bretchgirdle.  At  the  very  time  of  Bretch- 
girdle's  presentation  to  the  Stratford  vicar- 
age, Brownsword  was  appointed  Master  of 
the  school  at  Macclesfield,  January,  3561. 
The  records  of  Macclesfield  School  are  silent 
about  any  break  in  what  has  been  hitherto 
accepted  as  a  continuous  tenure  of  office  by 
Brownsword  from  that  date  to  April,  1588*; 
but  from  the  archives  of  Warwick  and 
Stratford  comes  irrefutable  evidence  that 
he  was  schoolmaster  in  both  these  towns 
and  must  have  left  Macclesfield  for  at  least 
three  years.  He  was  at  Warwick,  teaching 
boys  at  the  old  Gild  Hall  (subsequently 
called  Leicester's  Hospital)  from  Michael- 
mas, 1564,  to  Lady  Day,  1565.  We  wonder 


whether  on  his  arrival  in  Warwickshire  he 
brought  intelligence  to  Bretchgirdle  of  his 
landlord's  high-handed  doings  at  Witton. 
We  certainly  may  believe  that  the  prospect 
of  being  near  his  old  and  loved  teacher 
brought  him  into  the  neighbourhood  of 
Stratford. 

At  Stratford  the  school  was  doubtless 
closed  for  some  months  on  account  of  the 
Plague,  and  the  Master,  William  Smart, 
probably  devoted  himself  to  parish  work  in 
aid  of  the  Vicar.  When  Bretchgirdle  died 
Smart  succeeded  him  as  Vicar.  Bretch- 
girdle may  have  been  ill  for  some  time 
before  his  death  in  June.  At  any  rate, 
Smart  had  left  the  school  at  Lady  Day, 
1565,  when  Brownsword  was  appointed 
Master.  On  Sunday,  Apr.  1,  Brownsword 
signed  his  agreement  with  Master  Richard 
Hill,  Bailiff,  and  the  Burgesses  of  Stratford, 
to 

"  serve  in  their  Free  School  as  a  good  and  diligent 
schoolmaster  ought  to  do  for  the  term  of  two 
years  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  £20  yearly 
and  his  dwelling-house." 

To  John  Shakespeare  as  Chamberlain  had 
fallen  the  duty  of  bringing  him  and  his  wife 
and  goods  from  Warwick  and  putting  his 
dwelling-house  in  order.  In  his  Account 
are  items  fcr  tiles,  laths,  nails,  slate-pins, 
lime,  sand,  eaves'  poles  and  carriage  of 
four  loads  of  timber  for  work  in  the  Chapel 
and  School  and  for  tiling  the  Schoolmaster's 
House. 

The  Vicar's  House  and  the  Schoolmaster's 
House  were  side  by  side  in  the  Chapel  pre- 
cincts. After  five  years  master  and  pupil 
were  together  again,  almost  under  one  roof, 
happy  in  each  other's  company  and  prob- 
bably  looking  forward  to  many  years  of 
fellowship  and  co-operation.  But  within 
three  months  Bretchgirdle  was  dead.  The 
Plague,  probably,  had  been  too  much  for 
him.  On  June  20,  1565,  he  made  his  will, 
and  next  day  he  was  buried  within  the 
Parish  Church.  His  will  in  many  ways  is 
interesting  :* 

"  I  bequeath  [he  said]  Qs.  8d.  among  the 
poorest  folk  of  the  lordship  of  Baguley,  where 

*  We  owe  to  Mr.  Richard  Savage  of  Stratford- 
upon-A von  the  unearthing  and  transcription  of  this 
extraordinarily  interesting  document.  It  has 
opened  up  a  whole  new  field  of  research  in  a 
country  hitherto  thought  singularly  devoid  of 
Shakespearean  interest.  Baguley,  Northwich 
Witton,  Great  Budworth,  Poynton,  Wilmslow 
and  Macclesfield  are  now  linked  up  with  Warwick 
and  Stratford  through  Bretchgirdle  arid  his 
pupil,  John  Brownsword.  See  articles  on  these 
men  in  The  Hibbert  Journal  for  July,  1920,  and 
April,  1921. 


12  s.  vin.  APRIL  9, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


I  was  born,  and  6s.  8d.  among  the  poorest  of 
Witton  parish,  and  6s.  8d.  among  the  poorest  of 
Great  Budworth.  And  I  bequeath  40s.  to  be  a 
stock  for  the  Almsfolk  of  Stratford  to  be  em- 
ployed by  the  Chamberlains  from  time  to  time 
for  the  use  of  the  said  Almsfolk,  and  10s.  to  be 
dealt  amongst  the  other  poorest  of  the  said 
Stratford." 

The  40s.  would  pass  through  John  Shake- 
speare's hands  for  investment.  Bretch- 
girdle  made  bequests  to  his  sisters  and  kins- 
folk, to  his  old  college  friend  Sankey,  to 
brother  clergymen,  to  godsons  in  Cheshire — 
Edward  Wilmington  and  his  brother  Hugh 
of  North wich  (Hugh  died  in  1607),  George 
Mason  and  Robert  Venables — to  the  children 
of  Alderman  Smith,  of  Stratford,  farmer  of 
the  college  tithes,  and  to  a  debtor  and  to  a 
tenant  in  Stratford  : — 

"  I  will  that  if  John  Peate  well  and  truly  keep 
his  day  of  payment  of  the  debt  specified  in  a  bill 
of  his  hand,  that  then  the  half  of  the  whole  debt 
shall  be  forgiven  him  ;  and  I  forgive  my  tenant, 
John  Gray,  a  quarter's  rent  if  he  be  so  much  in 
my  debt  at  the  time  of  my  death,  leaving  the 
house  sufficiently  repaired." 

John  Peate  and  his  wife  Joan  lived  until 
1588,  when  they  were  buried  on  the  same 
day,  Feb.  19.  John  Gray  lived  in  a  house 
in  Church  Street  which  Bretchgirdle  leased 
from  the  Corporation.  He  was  a  chandler 
and  tippler.  Twenty  shillings  owing  to  the 
Vicar  from  Roger  Atkins  of  Stratford  (whose 
wife  Margaret  he  had  buried  in  1562)  was  to 
go  to  his  cousin  the  executor,  John  Grantham 
(usually  spelt  Granams).  As  Bretchgirdle 
also  left  Grantham  his  "writing  desk  "  we 
may  assume  that  the  latter  was  something 
of  a  scholar.  Brownsword  and  the  school 
were  not  forgotten  : — 

"  I  bequeath  unto  Master  Brownsword,  School- 
master of  Stratford,  '  Volfegangus  Musculus  upon 
Matthew'  and  'Homiliae  Nauseae.'  Item  I  be- 
queath to  the  common  use  of  the  scholars  of  the 
Free  School  of  Stratford  upon  Avon  my  Eliot's 
'  Library  of  Cooper's  castigation.'  " 

The  Vicar's  books,  valued  at  10Z.,  unfor- 
tunately were  not  catalogued,  but  a  certain 
number  are  mentioned  in  the  will  which 
deserve  the  close  attention  of  education- 
alists. They  are  as  follows  :  '  Unio  Dissi- 
dent him,  Libellus  ex  praecipuis  Ecclesiae 
Christianae  doctoribus,  selectus  per  vener- 
abilem  patrem  Herman  Bodius'  (otherwise 
'The  Union  of  Doctors,'  a  selection  from 
the  writings  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Church, 
Ambrose,  Augustine,  Bede,  &c.,  showing 
their  Protestant  opinions  on  subjects  like 
Original  Sin,  Infant  Baptism,  Predestina- 
tion, Justification  by  Faith:  an  heretical 
work,  feared  and  hated  by  the  Romanists 


almost  as  much  as  Tyndale's  '  New  Testa- 
ment in  English,'  and  a  source  of  trouble 
to  scholars  at  Oxford,  especially  at  Bretch- 
girdle's  Christchurch,  in  1528);  'Volfe- 
gangus Musculus :  In  Evangelistam  Mat- 
thaeum  Commentarii  1548  '  ;  '  Frederici 
Nauseae  Blancicampiani  Tres  Evangelicae 
Veritatis  Homiliarum  Centuriae,'  Cologne,, 
1530-1534:  (three  Centuries  of  Homilies,, 
otherwise  300  sermons,  by  the  Bishop  of 
Vienna;;  '  Bibliotheca  Eliotae,'  Eliot's  Dic- 
tionary, the  second  tune  enriched  and  more- 
perfecibly  corrected,  by  Thomas  Cooper- 
In  aedibus  T.  Bertheleti,  Londini,  1552' 
(a  revision  of  Sir  Thomas  Eliot's  Latin- 
English  Dictionary  by  Thomas  Cooper, 
Master  of  Magdalen  School,  Oxford,  with  a 
"  Proheme  "  to  King  Edward,  in  which  the 
reviser  says  "When  I  had  achieved  my 
labours  in  castigating  and  augmenting  this- 
Dictionary,  &c.")  ;  'Margarita  Theologica,' 
both  in  Latin  and  English  (Latin  by  John. 
Spangenberg,  Leipzig,  1548  ;  English  trans- 
lation by  Richard  Hutton,  with  the  title- 
'The  Sum  of  Divinity,'  1548);  '  Apotheg- 
mata  '  (probably  of  Erasmus  ;  though  it  may 
be  of  Conrad  Lycosthenes,  a  collection  of 
notable  sayings  in  Latin  for  schoolboys,, 
published  ^at  Basle  in  1555);  '  Aesopi 
Fabulae  '  (of  which  there  were  various-- 
editions for  school  use/  ;  '  David's  Psalms  r 
(by  Sternhold  and  Hopkins,  1562);  '  The- 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,'  translated  into 
English  metre,  London,  1553  ;  '  Copia  Ver- 
borum  '  (a  Latin  phrase-book  by  Erasmus, 
compiled  for  the  use  of  Dean  Colet's  School 
of  St.  Paul's)  ;  Tully's  'Offices'  in  English; 
Sallust  and  Justin  (Justin's  '  Epitome  of" 
the  History  of  Pompeius  Trogus  ')  ;  '  Tri- 
lingua  Lexicon  Graecum'  (Bretchgirdle  and 
Brownsword  both  knew  Greek)  ;  Josephus,. 
'  De  Antiquitatibus  Judaeorum  et  Bello  ' ; 
Virgil  and  Horace  (Bracegirdle  had  brought 
up  Brownsword  on  both)  ;  '  Encheiridion  ' 
(probably  'Encheiridion  Militis  Christiani,' 
or  'Manual  of  a  Christian  Knight,'  by 
Erasmus,  translate^  into  English  by  William 
Tyndale  at  the  foot  of  the  Cotswolds)  ; 
'Abcedarium  Anglico-Latinum  pro  tyrun- 
culis  Ricardo  Huloets  ex  script-ore. '  Londini, 
in  officina  Gulielmi  Riddell,  1552  (called  by 
Bretchgirdle  'Ulett's  Dictionary');  and 
John  Withals,  'A  Short  Dictionary  for 
Young  Beginners,  1556  '  (English  and  Latin). 
Altogether  the  will  gives  an  impression  of 
scholarship  and  kindness  (especially  towards 
young  people).  The  testator  had  "iron 
tools  of  carpentry."  He  built  a  chamber 
(it  will  be  remembered)  at  Witton,  and  he- 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.  APRIL  9, 1921. 


tnade  improve  merits  (over  and  above  the 
repairs  by  John  Shakespeare)  at  the  Vicar's 
House  which  he  left  for  the  benefit  of  future 
incu-nbents  : — 

"  I  will  that  all  the  building  I  have  bestowed 
cost  upon  remain  as  it  is  for  the  commodities 
of  the  Vicars  of  Stratford  from  time  to  time." 

To  witness  bis  will  he  "caused  to  be  called 
in  "  Alderman  Smith,  Adrian  Quyny,  John 
Sadler  and  Robert  Salisbury,  "with  others." 
The  inventory  was  made  "the  xxxj  th  day 
of  June  "  by  Quyny,  Sadler,  and  Robert 
Bragg,  a  chandler.  The  value  of  the  bocks 
was  nearly  half  the  summa  totalis  (23Z.  2s.  Sd.). 
The  very  modest  amount  of  furniture 
appraised  suggests  that  the  Vicar's  House 
xjontained  a  good  many  articles  which  were 
for  the  use  of  the  occupant  for  the  time 
Jbeing.  Fourpost  bedsteads  were  often 
^fixtures.  EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


ROBERT  WHATLEY. 
(See  ante,  pp.  221,  242,  261.) 

ON  Feb.  15,  1744,  What  ley  was  yet  lodging  in 
Berry  Street,  divided  between  hope  and 
fear  (Whatley  to  Hardwicke,  Feb.  15,  1744, 
B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  35,587,  folio  229).  In 
June  he  returned  "  after  near  3  years 
absence  "*  (Whatley  to  Pierre  Desmaizeaux, 
Toft,  Bee.  29,  1744,  B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  4,289, 
folio  1)  to  Toft,  a  disappointed  but  not 
discouraged  man.  To  a  correspondent  he 
put  a  brave  face  on  it  :  London  he  does 
not  like,  "So  it  is  no  disappointment  to  me 
I  have  no  Call  thither,"  yet  in  the  same 
'breath  he  explains  :— 

"  I  leave  ye  Great  Man  [Hardwicke  ?]  I  saw  after 
I  took  my  leave  of  You  to  do  as  he  pleases.  I 
was  well  received  but  1  would  enter  into  no 
Explanation. — But  as  I  write  occasionaly  1 
Insinuate  that  without  pretending  to  Obligation, 
— 'One  good  Turn  deserved  an  other. 'f  Vide- 
'bimus"  (ibidem). 

Aliter  visum  est,  and  Whatley  was  to  remain 
lonely — his  wife  had  by  now  died  (ibidem) — 
and  isolated  in  his  remote  parish,  without  a 
friend  with  whom  to  exchange  thoughts 
("for  I  live  much  by  mvself,  without 
visiting  or  partaking  of  ye  Country  Diver- 
sions at  all  ")  (ibidem),  his  only  intellectual 
diversion  his  membership  of  the  Gentlemen's 

*  "  A  good  Incumbent  never  is  out  of  his 
Parish,  a  bad  one,  never  in  it  ('  .Self-Entertain- 
ments,^ p.  40)." 

t  This  obscure  reference  may  carry  back  to 
Ahe  days  of  King. 


Society  at  Spalding  ( J.   Nichols,    '  Literary 

Anecdotes ,'  ed.  1812-13,  vol.  vi.,  pp.  12, 

1 19).  *     In  1746  t  he  published 

'  The  Christian.     A  Sermon    on  the  Words  of 
King  Agrippa   to   St.   Paul,    '  Almost   thou   per- 
suadest   me    to    be    a   Christian.'     Most    humbly 
inscribed  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham.' 
In  1749, 

"  The  Immortal-Mortal ;  or,  the  Age  censured 
for  its  Neglect  of  Futurity.  A  Sermon  Preach'd 
at  Castor,  August  10,  1748.  At  the  Triennial 
Visitation  of  the  Bight  Reverend  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  Lincoln," 

dedicated  to  the  new  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, until  1747  his  diocesan  of  York. 
That  he  did  "write  occasionaly"  we  may 
well  believe,  for  the  Hardwicke  papers  pre- 
serve a  letter  of  Nov.  25,  1747,  in  which 
hints  for  preferment  are  not  wanting  (B.M., 
Add.  MSS.  35,589,  folio  360).  His  impor- 
tunity was  at  last  rewarded  in  1750  when — 
through  Hardwicke — Dr.  Hutton,  Arch- 
bishop of  York,  offered  to  exchange  What- 
ley's  stall  of  Bilton  for  that  of  Fridaythorpe, 
of  double  the  monetary  value,  now  vacant  by 
the  death  of  Dr.  Heneage  Dering  (B.1VL, 
Add.  MSS.  35,591,  folios  81,  83,  85).  To 
this  he  was  instituted  on  July  24  (Public 
Record  Office,,  Exchequer,  First  Fruits  and 
Tenths  Office,  Bishops'  Certificates  of  In- 
stitution, York  37)4 

Disillusionment  followed :  the  stall  proved 
less  valuable  than  Whatley  had  been  led  to 
suppose  (Whatley  to  Hardwicke,  Toft, 
Aug.  ..,  175[0],  B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  35,591, 
folio  95),  and  thus — filled  with  indignation 
that  he  should  have  been  bought  off  by  this 
substitute  for  a  fat  Government  prebend 
(Whatley  to  Hardwicke,  London,  Jan.  12, 
[1751,]  B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  35,591,  folio  156)— 
the  indomitable  claimant,  now  in  his  six- 
tieth year,  posted  to  town  for  a  last  assault. 
From  his  lodgings  "at  Mrs.  Thomas's" 
in  Little  Ryder  Street,  St.  James,  he  laid 
siege  to  Hardwicke  and  Hutton,  launched  a 
second  edition  of  '  The  Immortal -Mortal '  § 


*  He  is  wrongly  here  (p.  IIP)  described  as  an 
M.A.  (from,  no  doubt,  the  records  of  the  Society) 
while  the  explanatory  note  appended  to  his 
name  is  full  of  mistakes.  Of  this  body  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  Dr.  Birch  and  Professor  Ward  (cf.  infra) 
were  also  members. 

t  The  dedication  is  dated  at  Toft,  May  10, 
1746. 

£  By  an  unfortunate  error  Le  Neve's  '  Fasti  * 
(ed.  T.  D.  Hardy,  1854)  describes  him  as 
"  Whartley  "  (vol.  iii.,  p.  188),  thus  obscuring  the 
transfer  and  creating  a  ghost-entry  in  the  index. 
The  derivation  of  this  mistake  may  possibly  be 
a  similar  entry  in  Bishops'  Certificates  of  Institu- 
tion. York  40,  s.d.  1767  (g.v.  infra). 

§  The  preface  is  dated  Mar.  25,  1751. 


12  s.  VIIL  APBIL  9,  i92i.j    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


and,  shortly  afterwards,  '  Self-Entertain- 
aiient  '  *  on  the  world,  dedicating  the  latter 
to  the  Chancellor  (B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  35,591, 
folios  156,  159,  168,  171,  192,  217).  But 
some  hitch  occurred,  whether  of  excess  of 
importunity  or  of  indiscretion,!  and  by 
Aug.  3  he  was  back  in  Toft  (Whatley  to 
Hardwicke,  Toft,  Aug.  3,^1751,  B.M.,  Add. 
MSS.  35,591,  folio  217). 

From  this  point  of  time  his-  history  is  a 
blank  until  1765,  in  the  autumn  of  which, 


approaching  seventy-five  years  of  age 
he  took  for  the  sake  of  his  health  an  "  Ellip- 
tical Tour,"  "a  circuit  of  300  miles  ride, 
;and  six  weekes  complete  Continuance," 
passing  through  Lincoln,  Nottingham,  Derby- 
shire, Leicestershire,  Bedford,  Buckingham, 
Hertfordshire,  Middlesex,  London  —  where 
he  visited  Dr.  Birch  J  —  Welwyn  —  recalling 
the  lately  deceased  Young  to  mind  — 
Cambridge  and  Buckden  —  where  he  stayed 
with  his  "antient  Friend,"  the  Master  of 
Peterhouse,  and  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln 
Tespectively  —  and  ending  with  Stamford 
and  Cranwell,  the  last-named  belonging  to 
his  friend,  Sir  John  Thprold,  Bart.  (Whatley 
to  Thomas  Birch,  Toft,  Dec.  24,  1765, 
B.M.,  Acid.  MSS.  4,321,  folio  235).  He 
*till  complains  of  his  "abstract.  .Solitude  " 
and  uninteresting  environment,  but  "  the  air 
[of  the  tour]  .  .  .  .has  given  me  new  Spirits  " 
(ibidem}.  In  June,  1767,  he  died  and  was 
buried  on  the  26th.  § 

Of  Whatley  's  friends  we  are  able  to  cite 
^Edward  Gibson,  Bishop  of  London  ("the 
•Great  Bishop  Gibson,  who  condescended, 
occasionally,  to  enliven  it  [Toft]  with  his 
epistolary  favours  "),||  Arthur  Onslow, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons  ("the 
late  Speaker  ....  whom  I  love  and  honour 
above  all  men.  having  known  him  now 
above  50  years  "),<;  "the  famous"  John 

*  Whatley    enclosed    a    copy   in    his    letter    to 
Hardwire  of  the  23rd  of  May  (B.M.,  Add.  MSS. 
35,591,  folio  192). 

t  So  one  might  gather  from  the  correspondence, 
or  else  he  was  played  with  and  refused. 

*  October. 

8  Information  from  the  Toft  Parish  Registers 
kindly  supplied  by  the  Rev.  F.  H.  Roach,  the 
present  Rector  of  'Toft  with  Newton.  His  suc- 
cessor as  Rector  —  George  Bassett.  LL.B.  —  was 
instituted  on  October  the  16th  (Public  Record 
Office,  Exchequer,  First-Fruits  and  Tenths 
Office,  Bishops'  Certificates  of  Institution,  Lin- 
coln 31)  and  as  Prebendary  —  William  Abbott—- 
on the  20th  (Public  Record  Office,  ibidem,  York  40, 
where  he  appears  as  "  Whartley,"  Le  Neve,  op. 
•Git.,  vol.  iii.,  p.  188;. 

!!  Whatley  to  Birch,  Toft,  Dec.  24,  1765  (B.M., 
Add.  MSS.  4,321,  folio  235). 

•;  Ibidem. 


Berridge,*  Edmund  Law,  Master  of  Peter- 
house  and  later  Bishop  of  Carlisle,!  John 
Ward,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  at  Gresham 
College  ("  Beloved  friend  of  antient  standing 

iTur.     years  "),*     Pierre      Desmaizeaux,     the 

editor,  and  F.R.S.,§  Thomas  Birch,  Fellow 
and  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society  and 
F.S.A.  ("my  worthy,  much  beloved  and 
much  respected  Friend  "),||  Sir  John  Thorold, 
Bart.,  of  Marston  and  Cranwell  in  Lincoln- 
shire, and  Edward  Young  the  poet,  with 
whom  Whatley  "had  spent  so  many  agre- 
able  hours, "^f  and  who  in  like  manner  died 
but  a  parish  priest.  Birch  was  a  protege  of  the 
Hardwickes,  and  it  was  possibly  in  this  way 
that  Whatley  climbed  on  to  the  Chancellor's 
knees.  Of  this  restricted  list,  Law  was  a 
notorious  Latitudinarian,  Ward  a  Dissenter, 
Birch  of  Quaker  parentage  and  Berridge  an 
associate  of  Whitfield  and  Wesley,  while  King 
himself  had  commenced  life  as  a  Presby- 
terian. **  Two  references  to  hearing  Xewton 
express  a  certain  opiniontf  might  lead  one 
to  conclude  that  Whatley  could  claim  acquain- 
tance with  him,  a  supposition  confirmed  if 
the  'Memoirs  of  the  late  Lord  Chancellor 
King,  and  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  chiefly  taken 
from  their  own  Conversation,'  announced  as 
forthcoming  on  p.  [viii]  of  the  '  Short  His- 
tory,' be  by  his  hand,  ij 

Finally,  as  to  his  works,  Whatley  appears 
also  to  have  been  author  of  '  A  Speech, 
Design' cl  to  have  been  spoken  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  011  the  Resolution  concerning 
the  Terms  of  Peace.  To  which  is  prefix' d, 
an  Introductory  Preface  '  ( 1 7 1 5 ). §§  ( "  Out  of 
Print,"  'A  Letter  to  the  L.  and  C.,'  p.  [56]), 
while  p.  67  of  '  Self -Entertainment  '  promises 
us  for  "  next  winter  "  '  The  Divine  Oeconomy 
of  the  Human  Mind,'  but  neither  appears 
under  his  name  in  the  Bodleian  or  in  the 
Museum's  catalogue.  C.  S.  B.  BUCKLAND. 

*  Ibidem.  t  Ibidem. 

j  Whatley  to  Ward,  London,  Feb.  23,  1751 
(B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  6,211,  folio  178). 

§  Whatley  to  Desmaizeaux,  Toft,  Dec.  29, 
1744  (B.M.,  Add.  MSS.  4,289,  folio  1). 

||  Whatley  to  Birch,  Toft,  Dec.  24,  1765 
(B.M.  Add.  MSS.  4,321,  folio  235).  T  Ibidem. 

**  Sir  John  Thorold  was  himself  a  minor  theolo- 
gian of  an  anti-Papal  trend. 

ft  '  Self-Entertainments,'  p.  53  note,  Whatley 
to  Birch,  Toft,  Dec.  24,  1765  (B.M.,  Add.  MSS. 
4,321,  folio  235). 

Jt  The  announcement  is  anonymous,  but  no 
other  works  but  Whatley's  were  advertized  in 
his  various  pamphlets.  Tt  is  not  known  whether 
the  book  ever  appeared. 

Jijf  A  copy  is  preserved  in  the  John  Rylands 
Library,  Manchester. 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  S.VIILAFRH.  0,1921. 


THE  BEGINNING  OF  AESTHETIC 

CRITICISM   IN    ITALY. 

II. 

(See  ante,  p.  244.) 

Pallavicino  differentiates  carefully  between 
history  and  poetry,  between  the  bare  narra- 
tion of  fact  and  the  adaptation  of  fact  to  a 
creative  intention.  The  Renaissance  criticism 
used  the  definition  of  history  to  limit  the 
domain  of  poetry  and  complete  the  division 
of  literary  types;  Pallavicino  uses  history 
to  perfect  his  knowledge  of  poetry.  In  this 
sense  history  and  poetry  are  united  in 
perception  and  lead  to  mutual  appreciation. 

"  History  has  not  for  task  a  mere  collection 
of  facts  :  that  would  make  it  an  ignoble  work 
and  of  little  value  to  human  curiosity  :  but  the 
inculcation  by  means  of  that  narration  of  the 
rules  of  civil  prudence.  In  this  way  it  should 
teach  eternal  and  universal  truths  and  should 
be  also  the  mistress  of  life."* 

The  ethical  function  attributed  to  poetry 
broadens  out  to  the  social  and  ethical  in 
history.  Poetry  gives  to  truth  a  more 
vivid  reality  than  history,  and  the  theory 
of  imitation  must  be  applied  to  poetry  in 
general  which  imitates  life.  Cast  al  vet  ro 
opines  that 

"  as  the  true  is  prior  in  nature  and  perception  to 
the  fictitious  and  the  original  to  the  copy,  the 
art  of  narrating  truth — History — should  be 
learned  before  Poetry- — the  art  of  narrating  the 
fictitious!  "  ; 

but  Pallavicino  brushes  aside  this  adapta- 
tion of  the  historical  method  with  the 
insistence  on  expression  as  being  the  main 
element  in  poetry.  Expression  of  the  fictitious 
and  expression  of  the  true  are  identical 
as  expression  in  poetry J.  Fundamentally, 
there  is  no  connection  between  the  poet  arid 
the  historian. 

"  There  is  no  reason  why  the  inventive  painter 
should  know  the  art  of  executing  portraits — the 
latter  being  the  delineation  of  things,  beautiful 
or  not  beautiful,  just  as  they  are  while  the  painter 
of  invention  should  paint  his  figures  so  that  they 
do  not  resemble  as  a  whole  but  in  the  parts 
separately  considered,  no  matter  what  they  are 
or  were  but  only  as  they  are  delightful  to  con- 
template.§  History  aims  at  teaching  those 
events  which  it  profits  others  to  learn. .  .  .Poetry 
aims  at  inculcation  of  the  delightful  and  the 
delight  of  perception  lies  in  its  vivacity,  in  the 
splendour  of  colour  with  which  it  is  painted. 
Hence  Poetry  does  not  invent  those  occurrences 
which,  if  real,  would  be  learned  with  profit  but 

70. 


*  '  Lettere,'  p.  70. 
t  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  462. 
I  Ibid.,  p.  464. 
§  Ibid.,  p.  462. 


imagines  those  which,  even  if  fictitious,  arc 
delicious  to  imagine  and  strives  to  bring  them. 

vividly   before    the   eyes 

Thus  Pallavicino  has  abandoned  to  some- 
extent  the  ethical  and  emphasized  the- 
aesthetic  and  even  hedonistic  aspect  of 
poetry.  Pleasure  pervades  the  conception  of 
the  beautiful :  beauty  is  only  good  as  a- 
means  of  causing  the  feeling  of  pleasure  :* 
beauty  must  not  be  only  expressed  but  seen 
and  vividly  felt — 

"  even  if  I  knew  myself  to  be  dreaming  at  this* 
hour  and  this  alley  so  nobly  pleasant,  those 
gracious  beds  of  flowers,  those  statues  so  deli- 
cately alive  were  only  an  impasto  of  nocturnal, 
shadows,  if  the  same  vivid  perception  remained 
in  me,  the  same  pleasure  would  remain."  t 
A  notable  affirmation  of  the  spiritual  appre- 
ciation of  beauty  as  beauty  which  is  not 
paralleled  in  any  other  writer  of  his  or  the- 
following  century  ! 

"  If  the  beauty  in  such  a  vision  or  in  such 
a  vivid  perception  is  summoned  by  an  act  of 
judgment,  the  delight  in  beauty  as  beauty  doe* 
not  arise  from  such  an  act  but  from  that  vision 
and  from  that  vivid  perception  which  could 
survive  in  us  even  without  reason."^ 
It  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  better  defini- 
tion of  aesthetic.  Pallavicino  arrives  at  the- 
Plotinian  doctrine  of  the  inner  beauty  to  be- 
found  in  Fracastoro§  and  raises  beauty  into 
the  highest  attribute  of  good — 
"  the  Beautiful  in  my  opinion  is  in  fact  bid  a  parti- 
cular variety  of  Good,  ichich  through  its  oun  ex- 
cellence causes  delightful  perception  of  itself  in 
the  eye  or  intellect."\\ 

— a  revolutionary  thought  in  the  Seicento 
and  curiously  modern  even  to  us.  Even, 
with  this  Pallavicino  is  not  content  and 
admits  imperfection  as  a  necessary  element 
in  beauty — 

"  he  who  does  not  perceive  in  every  polished 
marble  some  minute  roughness,  in  every  white 
pearl  some  subtle  tarnish  in  colour,  will  only 
convince  connoisseurs  of  the  grossness  of  his^ 
own  senses  and  not  of  the  perfection  of  those 
objects.  "If 

The  aesthetic  purification  arising  from  the- 
emotional  in  art  is  wonderfully  drawn — 
"  the  striking  imagining  of  those  objects  grievous 
in  their  nature  joined  to  the  immory  of  the 
horrible  tales  heard  by  us  in  childhood  and 
impressed  deeply  3n  that  waxen  mind,  squeeze- 
out  from  the  lower  part  of  the  soul  the  passion 
of  fear  while  the  higher  part,  to  which  no  real 
peril  appears,  liies  secure  and  tranquil."* 


*  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  466. 

t  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  466. 

i  Ibid. 

§  '  Lettere,'  p.  71. 

I1   '  Del  Ben<V  p.   173. 

T  Ibid.  p.   167. 

**  Ibid.,  pp.  456-60, 


ias."  vin.  Aram  9,  mi.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


In  the  '  Trattato  dello  stile '  some  modifica- 
tion has  been  introduced  into  the  conception 
of  the  beautiful : 

"  Vision  and  fancy — very  similar  in  name  and 
nature  to  vision — and  not  the  intellect  make  use 
of  the  beautiful  to  find  delight."* 

The  intellect,  however,  even  if  it  takes 
pleasure  in  the  contemplation  of  the  beauti- 
ful, finds  delight  only  in  the  truef.  But 
the  poet 

"  charmed  by  the  perception  of  the  beautiful 
alone  and  in  the  continual  dwelling  of  thought 
on  it,  bears  in  his  intellect  the  impression  of 
what  comes  to  him  through  vision."^: 
Neither  Gravina,  Muratori  nor  Conti  in  the 
eighteenth  century  betray  the  slightest 
knowledge  of  this  purely  aesthetic  conception 
of  the  beautiful. 

He  develops  further  the  philosophical  or 
rather  psychological  theory  of  pleasure, 
employing  the  words  of  Dante  : 

"  When  I  have  set  out  to  show  that  pleasure 
is  only  good  and  desirable  by  nature,  I  mean — 
as  an  end  :  and  from  this  it  is  evident  that  even 
as  a  means  nothing  is  good  and  desirable  except 
by  reason  of  the  pleasure  it  brings.  By  pleasure 
I  luean  a  feeling  of  mellowness  and  rest  in  the 
appetite  before  the  presence  of  the  loved  object— 
a  feeling  called  hi  the  sensual  appetite  voluptuous- 
ness, in  the  intellectual  rapture.  But  all  the 
other  feelings  are  moved  by  will  and  pleasure 
alone  gives  it  repose,  as  our  ancient  Poet  explained 
very  finely  in  the  words  : — 

'  So  the  enamoured  mind  falls  to  desire  which} 
is  a  spiritual  movement,  and  never  rests  unti, 
the  object  of  its  love  makes  it  rejoice  (Purg.' 

Poetry  is  no  longer  a  moral  instrument  but 
absolutely  independent  as  an  art,  the  aim 
of  which  is  to  give  pleasure  directly. 

Although  traces  of  this  somewhat  in- 
volved idea  are  to  be  found  in  Renaissance 
critics  and  notably  in  Vettori  and  Castel- 
vetro,  there  is  no  doubt  that  Pallavicino 
aimed  at  defining  the  aesthetic  unity  under- 
lying tragic  representation,  and  the  aesthetic 
pleasure  derived  from  the  effect  does  supply 
this  unity.  Not  the  actual  emotions  but 
the  perception  of  that  emotion  gives  aesthetic 
pleasure,  identification  of  representation  and 
the^  spirit  of  both  poet  and  spectator. 

The  more  enduring  and  therefore  most 
valuable  part  of  Pallavicino' s  literary  theory 
and  what  we  might  call  his  aesthetic  lies  in 
his  definition  of  sense  perceptions — prime 
apprensioni — and  of  fancy  and  their  relation 
to  ingegno  and  intellect.  The  progression 

*  '  Trattato  dello  stile,'  chap.  10. 
t  '  Trattato  dello  stile,'  chap.  10. 
£  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  359. 
§  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  428,  p.  28,  p.  39. 


from  reality  to  intelligence  is  formed  by 
sensual  perception,  judgment  and  distillation 
by  the  faculty  of  reason.  All  three  are  per- 
ceptions varying  in  degree  and  united  in 
intellect ;  but  sense  perceptions  escape 
intellect  at  times  and  in  themselves  provide 
material  for  fancy  and  imaginative  con- 
struction. Pallavicino  does  not  affirm 
directly  the  value  of  that  poetical  intuition 
which  can  assimilate  externals  to  the  indi- 
vidual soul  and  its  expression,  as  we  have 
already  noted ;  he  robs  poetry  of  its  ethical 
tendencies : — 

"  What  do  we  see  in  poetical  narration.  Every 
age,  every  sex,  every  condition  of  humanity 
surrenders  with  delight  to  the  enchantment  of 
the  tale,  to  the  captivation  of  the  scene.  This 
does  not  arise  from  our  holding  as  true  those 
prodigious  inventions,  as  many  learned  men  have 
affirmed.  Ask  those  who  suffer  gladly  hunger, 
heat,  the  crowd,  to  listen  to  tragedies,  those 
who  rob  their  eyes  of  sleep  to  devour  the  curiosities 
of  romances,  ask  them,  I  say,  whether  they 
believe  that  those  characters,  recognized  by 
them  many  a  time,  are  Belisarius  or  Soliman 
oppressed  by  disaster  or  that  the  stones  change 
in  the  air  to  horses  astride  the  Clouds  or  that 
Fortune  came  personally  to  act  as  pilot  to  the 
seekers  after  Rinaldo.  *  "  Who  can  doubt  but  that 
the  answer  will  be — No  !  'If,  however,  such  a  simple- 
ton exists  who  would  believe  such  evident  im- 
possibilities, poetry  is  not  written  in  such  common 
style  as  to  be  intended  for  him.  Besides,  if  the 
aim  of  Poetry  were  consideration  as  real,  it  would 
have  for  intrinsic  aim.  a  falsehood  condemned 
necessarily  by  the  laws  of  Nature  and  God — 
falsehood  being  the  expression  of  the  fictitious 
in  order  that  it  may  be  held  as  real."f 

What  then,  if  any,  is  the  function  of 
poetry  apart  from  pleasure  ?  Here  the 
writer  changes  ground  :  from  the  critic 
who  strives  to  penetrate  to  the  nature  of 
poetry,  he  becomes  the  connoisseur  in 
poetical  beauties,  and  stands  back  to 
appreciate  exactly  the  elements  in  that 
poetry  which  excite  admiration. 

"  The  one  function  of  poetic  narration  is  to 
adorn  our  intellect  with  pictures,  or  shall  I  say, 
sumptuous,  new,  wonderful,  splendid  sense 
perceptions.  And  this  has  delighted  the  human 
mind  so  greatly  that  man  has  desired  to  reward 
the  poets  with  glory  superior  to  that  of  other 
professions,  protecting  their  books  from  the 
injuries  of  centuries  with  greater  care  than  the 
treatises  of  every  science  or  the  works  of  every 
art  and  crowning  their  name  with  the  aura  of 
divinity.  You  see  what  great  profit  comes  to 
the  world  in  being  enriched  with  beautiful  sense 
perceptions — not  even  bearers  of  science  or 
demonstrators  of  truth.  "J 


*  The  reference  is  to  the  Gerusalemma  Liberate 
of  Tasso. 

t  '  Del  Bene,'  p.  454. 
J  Ibid.,  p.  455. 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.  APRIL  9,  {921. 


Reality  produces  more  delight  than  fiction 
:and  those  faculties  which  bring  perception 
of  reality  to  spirit  and  cause  delight  are  of  | 
greater  moment  than  the  deductive.  The 
theory  approximates  to  impressionism  and 
not  to  imagination  in  art — registration 
of  the  effects  produced  in  us  directly  by 
reality  rather  than  surrender  to  an  imagined 
series  of  effects. 

Pallavicino  then  touches  on  the  faculty 
which  unites  impressions  or  perceptions, 
a  faculty  synthetic  rather  than  analytic ; 
ingegno  or  genius.  It  collects  details  into 
connected  impressions — joins  up  the  ves- 
tiges of  relationship  hidden  in  hostility, 
the  unity  of  resemblance  hidden  beneath 
dissimilarity.*  Ingegno  has  administrative 
value  and  contributes  directly  to  creation 
even  if  not  of  the  creative  faculty.  From 
this  Pallavicino  illustrates  diversity,  of 
perceptions  and  judgments : 

"  I  do  not  say  that  perfection  of  intellect  lies 
in  perception  and  not  rather  in  judgment :  but 
I  say  that  the  diversity  of  judgments  arises 
from  different  perceptions  and  that  the  natural 
ability  to  perceive  well  and  much  is  all  that  can 
lead  one  to  judge  well  and  much. . .  .Hence  the 
-one  efficacy  of  voice  and  action  (in  a  drama) 
is  to  awaken  by  means  of  hearing  and  sight  in 
our  fancy  the  images  of  several  objects  and  to 
unite  them  in  such  a  way  that  this  or  that  per- 
ception results.  For  all  that  happens  afterwards 
in  the  mind  books  are  no  guide,  discussion  useless  : 
but  Nature  does  it  herself,  "f 

A  sufficiently  noteworthy  conclusion  !  In 
this  insistence  on  the  value  of  nature  and 
the  natural  impulse  Pallavicino  stands 
.alone  in  the  Seicento  and  even  during  the 
Settecento  such  a  doctrine  appears  revolu 
tionary. 

"  It  has  been  recognized  that  Nature  is  not  a 

retailer  of  lies  to  the  intelligence and  that 

good  philosophy  should  devote  its  labour  alone 
to  clear  explanation  of  what  is  already  known 
naturally,  but  confusedly,  to  everyone:  in  this 
way  it  repeats  and  comments  on  the  lesson  and 
text  inculcated  in  every  man  by  Nature."^ 

In  the  definition,  however  of  fantasia  or 
the  imaginative  power  Pallavicino  precedes 
Huiatori  and  even  the  Trattato  delta  fantasia 
of  the  latter  only  repeats  what  has  been 
explained  by  the  seventeenth  century  critic. 
His  most  important  contribution  to  literary 
theory  lies  in  this,  and  just  as  the  interpretation 
of  ingegno  differs  absolutely  from  that  current 
.during  the  Seicento,  so  does  this  interpre- 
tation anticipate  that  held  by  the  Settecento, 
notably  by  Antonio  Conti.  Coleridge's 


*  Ibid.,  pp.  470-472. 
t  Ibid.,  p.  472. 
j  Ibid.  p.  155. 


"  exemplastic  power"  is  precisely  similar  to 
;he  potenza  immaginativa  of  Pallavicino. 

"  It  must  be  known  that  there  is  in  man, 
>eyond  the  intellect  which  judges  and  examines 
hings  and  remains  immortal  after  death,  a 
econd  power  which  is  called  by  the  Greek  word 
fantasia  '  and  more  commonly  '  immaginativa  ' 
>r  imagination  and  represents  objects  to  us  of  a 
piritual  type  under  corporal  images  :  for  it  is 
orporal  and  does  not  survive  the  body.  I  shall 
nclude  the  perceptive  faculties  (potenze  conos- 
ntive)  under  this  universal  word,  imagination  or 
ancy*. ..  .After  the  work  of  the  senses  the 
mage  of  the  object  must  pass  to  the  fancy  and 
orm,  so  to  speak,  a  finer  and  more  polished 
portrait  before  it  may  reach  the  intellect,  "f 

Ingegno  and  fancy  have  similar  functions  : 
ngegno  takes  up  sensual  perceptions,  binds 
hem  together  in  some  relationship  an 
3asses  them  to  the  judgment  working  o 
^mpressions  and  sensual  peicoptions,  an 
shuffling  them  into  position.  Fanoy  takes 
impressions  or  images  direct  from  reality 
and  remodelling  or  polishing  them  forms 
something  new  and  passes  that  new  image 
or  series  of  images  to  the  intellect.  Ingegno 
leads  to  judgment,  fancy  to  imaginative 
perception  and  both  are  united  in  intellect. 
Pallavicino  does  not  deny  creative  power  to 
fancy,  but  maintains  that  fancy  has  two 
functions  —  a  mechanical  transmission  of 
perceptions  to  intellect  and  the  ability  to 
give  a  peculiar  attraction  which  influences 
the  intellect. 

"  Thus  a  fine  reason,  delivered  to  the  intellect 
by  the  fancy  in  an  uncertain,  wavering  and  poor 
light,  excites  it  no  more  than  the  contour  of  a 
beautiful  countenance  shown  in  a  dull  shadow 
while  the  same  reason,  coloured  by  fancy  to 
represent  a  vivid,  sparkling  and  clear  image, 
moves  the  intellect  to  appreciation.  "J 

This  second  function  is  sensual  as  in  the 
representation  of  a  tragedy ;  the  art  of  the 
composer  and  actor  moves  the  fancy  so 
intensely  as  to  draw  tears  of  joy  or  sorrow  ;  § 

Pallavicino  describes  something  not  unlike 
poetic,  creative  fancy  which  works  from 
imagination  to  imagination  and  only  depends 
on  reality  for  stimulus  and  not  for  material. 
The  action  is  circular  :  the  object  is  per- 
ceived by  the  senses,  borne  to  the  fancy, 
the  fancy  in  turn  influences  the  senses 
and  the  double  influence  of  sense  and  fancy 
suffices  often  to  sway  the  intellect. 

"  In  dramatic  representations,  when  the  actor 
bewails  his  fictitious  sorrows  on  the  stage,  the 
audience  believes  for  a  moment  they  are  not 

*  'Arte  della  perfezion  cristiaha,'  p.  21. 
f  Ibid.,  p.  22. 
J  Ibid.,  p.  23. 
§  Ibid.,  p.  24. 


12  a  vra.  APBIL  9, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


imitation    but    reality    and     accompanies    the   perceptions,    so   he   ends   by   establishing   a 
simulated  tears  of  the  other  with  its  own  genuine    poetical     criterion    built    on    that    original 

fei^3ftSiJ&*.E^^  F*  o£  sense  ™F™   if  this  *? 

The    finest    work    will    lie  in  the   direction   ^^^S^^^e^T5^S±" 

of    union  of    fancy  and   intellect :    intellect    ^m 

dominates    always    but    in  many   cases   it    50  years  later   looks  forward  so  far 

true.t      Thus    imagination    can    create     a'  c  Qu] 

world  of  its  own  into  which  intellect  does 
not  necessarily  enter  or  only  as  a  servant 

of  imagination  :  at  other  times  intellect  I  THE  TRAVELLERS'  CLUB  DEPICTED  BY  AN 
may  be  fused  in  imagination  and  produce  QLD  FRENCH  MEMBER. — '  Les  Amities  de 
something  which  is  neither  pure  intellect  Lamartine, '  by  Louis  Seche  (Paris,  Mercure 
nor  pure  imagination.  Pallavicino  gives  to  \^e  France,  1911)  contains  probably  the 
intellect  the  functions  of  creative  imagination,  earliest  account  of  a  French  member  of  the 
but  does  not  define  exactly  what  part  imagina-  famous  London  club.  It  is  in  a  letter 
tion  as  different  from  pure  intellect  plays  written  by  Louis  de  Vignet,  and  is  dated 
in  the  origin  of  those  functions.  With  this  we  London,  April,  1822  : 

enter  directly  into  aesthetic,  even  our  modern 

\LI    A'           i  •      ,-,  •     .,1      -r»  n      ...       ,  i  '   Ouand  ie  ne  sais  ou  donner  de  la  tete,  u 

Aesthetic,  and  in  this  the  Pallavicinian  theory  g  a  !  j  heures  du  soir,  je  vais  au  club  des  Travellers 

must  have  an  important  historical  position,  (voyageurs)  compost  de  tout  ce  qu'il  y  a  de  plus 

^Pallavicino  gives  a  summary  of  the  effect  distingue  a  Londres   et  en  Angleterre. 

of  poetry  and  its  definition  which  must  be  une  belle  bibliotheque,  trois  sakmsj" 

held  as  of  lasting  importance  in  the  solution  ^JeS^mi  ten  Sxceflent,  des  biflards,  des  cartes 

of  the  difficult  problem  of  the  nature   and  <ju  caf£,  niille  manieres  de  faire  un  mauvais  diner 

definition  of  literary  inspiration.  |  pour  12  francs,  etc.     Je  n'y  dine  pas,  comme  tu 

"The  Poet  does  not  represent  things  as  they  Penses,  j'y  joue  encore  moins,  ~ 

are  in  reality  and  according  to  the  dictate  of  I  ment, _  36  l£ve  mon  chapeau 
Reason,  which  shows  us  that  neither  death  nor 
any  other  accident  of  fortune  is  a  great  evil 
worthy  of  sorrow  and  lament ;  but  represents 
them  as  they  appear  to  the  irrational  or  animal 
part  in  us. 


dire    de    mauvaise    grace    et    comme    si    on    me 
I'arrachait,    et   apres    avoir    lu 
anglais,  1'un  ^  MinisUre    'autre  de 
ayec   le   Journal   des   Debats,    et        . 
I  say  also  that  imitation  bv  means    diatribe  du  Constitutionl,  ]e  me  leve    et,  , 


. 

-of   images   does   not   mean    creation    of   another  nant  mes  deux  mams  dernere  mon  dos,  3e  me 

individual  of  the  same  species.     For  the  image  promene  a  pas  lents  sur  un  beau  tapis  ,  et  a  pre 

and  the  idea  are  things  for  the  most  part  different  une  heure  de  ce  doux  exercice,  3e  .f  *{*J^d™ 

in  themselves.     Imitation  then  means  production  une  grande  bergere,   et  apres   avoi 

with  one's  own  work  of  some  sensual  effects(  and  coussnis  sous  ma  tete,  et  un  sous  chacm 

especially  the  most  striking)  found  onlv  in  the  bras,  3  e  balance  ma  3  ambe  droite  sur  i    on  gei 

thing  imitated.     Hence,  if  it  happens  that  those  gauche,  ne  me  decidant  a  mettre  la  gauch 

same   effects   are   met  elsewhere,   the  v  suddenly  la  droite  que  dans  lesgrandes  .occasions;  lorsque  mes 

awake  in  imagination  the  memory  of  the  original  reflexions  sur  1'avemr  pohtique  des  peuples,  o 


and  the  properties  remarked  in  it.     In  this  way,  mes  regrets  sur  mes  amis  me 

for  example,  the  colour  of  that  rose  I  see  in  the  de  coutume,  comme  il  faut  en  finir  de 

distance,  makes  me  think  of  the  perfume  I  do  de  tout  le  reste,  3e  me  leve  avec  un  grand  effoit 

not  feel  just  now  but  have  felt  at  other  times  je  jette  mon  chapeau  sur  ma  tete,  mon  mante. 

when  an  object  of  like  colour  has  been  close  to  sur  mes  epaules,  et  3e  reviens  au  logis,  a  trave 

my  nostrils....  For    the    art   of   poetry   is   none  de  longues  rues  peuplees  de  voitures  (qui  a  onze 

other  than  a  kind  of  imitation  ;    and  it  does  not  heures   du  soir  partent  ou  arrivent  cornme  i 


etait  midi). 

Louis  de  Vignet  was  born  at  Chambery 


produce  other  properties  of  the  object  imitated 

than  that  of  awakening  in  the  mind  the  image 

of  that  object  just  as  the  object,  when  actually  m  17g9  an(j  m  \^\  entered  the  diplomatic 

service  of  the  Kingdom  of  Sardinia.  In  the 
He  thus  adopts  the  methods  of  psychology  following  year  he  was  secretary  of  the 

m  order  to  penetrate  to  the  real  function   Legation  in  London,  and  his  most  intimate 

of  poetry,  and  just  as  he  began  with  sense  friend  here  was  Chateaubriand,  then  French 

Ambassador  in  England.  Louis  de  Vignet  's 
Bother  Xavier  married  one  of  the  sisters 
'Del  Bene,'  p.  219.  of  Lamartine,  who  himself  selected  an 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.APBiL9,io2i, 


English  bride,  Marianne  Elisa  Birch.  Louis 
de  Vignet  after  leaving '  England  became 
successively  Sardinian  Ambassador  at  Berne 
and  Xaples.  He  died  cf  the  cholera  in 
1837.  The  appendix  of  Louis  Seche's 
volume,  which  is  dedicated  to  the  Marquis 
de  Vignet  de  Vendeuil,  contains  the  '  Poesies 
Inedits  de  Louis  de  Vignet.' 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 
36  Somerleyton  Eoad,  Brixton,  S.W. 

SOME  ULSTER  RHYMES. — The  following  are, 
or  were,  current  in  this  province  (1)  and  (2) 
in  Antrim,  and  (3)  in  Donegal : — 

1.  Barley  bread  will  do  you  good. 
Rye  bread  will  do  you  no  harm, 
Wheaten  bread  will  sweeten  your  blood, 
Oaten  bread  will  strengthen  your  arm. 

2.  March  borrowed  from  April 
Three  days  and  they  were  ill 
The  first  was  wun  an'  weet 
The  second  snaw  an'  sleet 
The  third  was  a  freeze 

That  would  ha'  freezed  the  birds'  nebs  to  the 
trees. 

3.  March  said  unto  April 

I  spy  three  hogs  on  yonder  hill 
Gin'  ye'll  gie  me  days  three 
I'll  find  a  way  to  mak'  'em  dee. 

The  first  day  it  was  wun  an'  weet, 
The  second  it  was  hail  an'  sleet, 
The  third  day  it  was  siccan'  freeze 
It  froze  the  birds'  nebs  to  the  trees. 

When  the  three  days  were  past  and  gane, 
The  silly  puir  hogs  came  hirplin  hame. 

J.  ARDAGH. 

"  SPILT  HIMSELF." — This  is  a  Cumber- 
land expression  and  is  applied  to  those  who 
commit  suicide.  It  is  an  old  expression,  for 
it  appears  in  the  parish  registers  of  Grey- 
stoke  in  that  county  under  date,  "  Satterday 
the  third  day  [of  January,  ,1561-2]  was 
buried.... of  Graistoke  who  spilt  himself." 
Suicides  were  buried  on  the  north  side  of  the 
churches,  and  the  ground  on  the  north  side 
of  Grey  stoke  church,  is  locally  called  "  The 
Spillers  "  [ground].  J.  W.  FAWCETT. 

Consett,  co.  Durham. 

ALSTONFIELD,    co.    STAFFS. — The    follow- 
ing notes  from  the  Parish  Register  are  of 
some  little  interest : — 
1575,  June  15.  Thurstan  Gybbe  slayne  in  falling 

out  of  a  wayne  by  a  blow  of  a  piece  of  woodde 

called  a  somer,  buried. 
1614,  Jan.  20.  The  great  snow  began  to  fall  and 

so  continued  increasing  the  moste  dayes  until 

the  12th  of  March. 
1642,   July  23.  [blank]   Miller   of  Wessyd   being 

dawpt  in  a  groane  at  Eckton.     Burd. 


1658,  Dec.  27.  Widow  Baylie  a  poore  woman  of 
Sheen  who  coming  from  Lee  Hall  on  Christmas 
Day  in  the  forenoon  was  drowned  in  Dove  i» 
the  foard  at  the  Load  end  shee  ryding  behind 
her  daughter  the  waiter  being  verie  bigge  her 
head  sweed  and  fell. 

J.  HARVEY  BLOOM. 


(giwrus. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries,, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


JULIE  BONAPARTE'S  LETTERS. — In  the- 
issue  of  U Intermediaire  for  Jan.  20-30r 
vol.  Ixxxiii.  col.  43,  there  is  an  appeal  to 
'  N.  &  Q.'  on  the  part  of  M.  Camille  Pitolletr 
under  the  heading  '  Ou  se  cachent,  a 
Lonclres,  les  lettres  de  Julie  Bonaparte  ?  ' 
for  information  as  to  the  present  where- 
abouts of  the  letters  written  to  Joseph,  King 
of  Spain,  by  his  wife  which  are  said  to  have- 
been  captured  with  the  royal  carriage  by 
the  English  at  the  battle  of  Vitoria. 

M.  Pitollet  mentions  that  some  of  these- 
letters  were*  printed  in  The  Edinburgh 
Review  for  October,  1855,  in  an  article  by 
Greville  on  King  Joseph's  Memoirs,  and  that 
the  British  Miiseum  has  one,  dated  Feb.  \r 
1809.  We  are  told  that  Bon  Wrenceslao 
Ramirez  de  Villa -Urrutia  made  unsuccessful 
inquiries  after  these  letters  in  1908,  when 
residing  in  London  as  Spanish  Ambassador. 
M.  Pitollet  concludes  his  letter  with  these- 
words  : — 

"Nous  adressons,  par  V  Intermediaire,  la  ques- 
tion a  notre  collegue  de  Londres,  Notes  and 
Queries,  auquel  vient  d'etre  infus^e  une  vie- 
nouvelle,  et  qui  serait  peut  etre,  s'il  voulait  la 
reprendre,  a  meme  de  lui  donner  une  solution." 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

MARBURY. — A  pedigree  of  this  family  is 
given  in  Ormerod's  '  Cheshire.'  Are  the 
Marburys  of  Lincolnshire  of  the  same 
family  ?  C.  B.  A. 

ANDERSON,  GAMEKEEPER  TO  MARQUESS  OF 
TWEEDDALE. — I  shoiild  be  glad  if  any 
•eader  could  give  me  any  information 
regarding  a  Joseph  Anderson  who  was: 
gamekeeper  to  the  Marquess  of  Tweeddaler 
at  Yester,  in  July,  1789.  I  am  particularly 
anxious  to  ascertain  the  names  of  his  wifer 
and  of  his  children. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39  Carlisle  Koad,  Hove,  Sussex. 


12  s.  vm.  APRIL  9, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


ST.  LEGEB  PHILPOTS  AND  GOLDSMITH. — 
I  trust  some  help  may  be  given  to  me  by 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  in  discovering  the 
parentage  of  Mary  St.  Leger  Philpots,  an 
Irish  heiress  who  married  the  Rev.  Henry 
South,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Much  Dewchurch, 
co.  Hereford,  son  of  Henry  South  of  Bos- 
sington,  Hants,  by  Maria,  dau.  and  sole 
surviving  issue  of  John  Braddyll  of  Car- 
shalton.  She  had  two  children :  a  son 
killed  in  the  Peninsula  and  a  dau.,  Maria 
Beata,  married  in  1816  to  Rev.  Luke 
Yarker  of  Leyburn  Hall,  N.  R.,  Yorks,  and 
Vicar  of  Chillingham.  Mrs.  South  (nee 
Philpots)  married  secondly  a  Dr.  Goldsmith, 
who  was,  it  is  stated  in  a  local  guide  of  the 
year  1866,  on  board  the  Victory  at  Trafalgar, 
•and  with  Nelson  when  he  died.  Southey 
does  not  mention  him  in  his  '  Life  of  Nelson.' 
He  names  only  a  Surgeon  Beatty,  and  it  is 
of  interest  to  know  if  this  local  report  had 
any  foundation  of  fact. 

F.  P.  LEYBURN-YARKER. 

20  St.  Andrews  Street,  Cambridge. 

1*.  A.  AND  T.  FAWCET,  Printers  in  London 
occur  in  or  about  1640.  Is  anything  known 
of  them  ?  I.  F. 

CHRISTOPHER  GEORGE  BARLOW,  D.D., 
late  Bishop  of  North  Queensland. — Can  any 
reader  give  me,  or  say  where  I  can  find,  a 
biography  of  this  prelate  ?  ,  I.  F. 

PETER  TILLEMANS,  ARTIST,  1684-1734.— 
An  engraving  exists  from  a  picttire  by  him 
shewing  the  Duke  of  Kingston  exercising 
young  pointers,  1725.  It  is  17  in.  by  11  in., 
engraved  by  Prit  chard  and  lettered  "  His 
Grace  and  Attendants  going  a-setting." 
Has  any  of  your  readers  got  a  copy?  I 
am  anxious  to  get  details  if  possible. 

E.  E.  LEGGATT. 

62  Cheapside,  E.C.2. 

INCOME  TAX  EXEMPTION  :  BRIGHTON. — 
From  the  heavy  Income  tax  levied  by 
Henry  VIII.  at  the  instigation  of  Cardinal 
Wolsey  in  1523  the  township  of  Bright- 
helmstone  (Brighton)  in  Sussex  is  especially 
exempted,  but  no  reason  appears  why  the 
Act  was  not  extended  to  Brighton.  Some 
of  the  Northern  counties  were  privileged  to 
escape  the  heavy  impost  on  account  of 
expenses  incurred  by  them  in  the  Scottish 
wars.  Chester  and  Brighton  were  the 
only  two  places  in  England  fortunate  in 
escaping  the  tax.  Why  this  indulgence  ? 

R.  B. 

Upton. 


THE  ROYAL  HORSE  GUARDS. — Can  you 
place  me  in  position  to  secure  a  history  of 
the  Royal  Horse  Guards  of  London,  part  of 
the  Household  Brigade,  or  some  pamphlet 
which  will  give  a  brief  outline  of  the  history,, 
together  with  a  description  of  the  uniforms 
worn  ? 

The  reason  for  this  query  is  that  t he- 
Governor's  Horse  Guards  of  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut, organized  in  1778,  were  modelled  to 
a  large  degree  on  the  Royal  Horse  Guards^ 
The  Governor's  Horse  Guards  have  had  a 
continuous  organization  since  the  date 
above  mentioned  to  the  present  time,  and 
I  am  interested  in  writing  a  history  which 
will  include  the  organization  as  it  served  in 
France  in  the  recent  war,  the  Commander  of 
which  I  had  the  honour  to  be. 

J.  L.  HOWARD, 
Formerly  Lt.-Col.,  American 

Expeditionary  Forces. 

Hartford,  Connecticut. 

HUNGER  STRIKE  IN  THE  FOURTEENTH 
CENTURY. — Cecilia  de  Ridgeway,  accused  of" 
having  murdered  her  husband  and  com- 
mitted to  prison  at  Nottingham,  refused  all 
food.  She  was  pardoned  bv  the  King 
(Edward  II.). 

Can  any  of  your  readers  direct  me  to  the- 
record  of  this  event  ?  At  present  my  only 
knowledge  is  the  bare  statement  above, 
culled  from  a  notice  in  the  Bulletin  de  la 
Societe  Francaise  cT  Histoire  de  la  Medicine 
that  L.  Landray  has  written  upon  the  case 
of  Cecilia  de  Ridgeway  in  Gazette  Medicale 
du  Centre,  November,  1920 — a  copy  of" 
which  I  am  trying  to  obtain.  • 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

LORD  HERBERT  OF  CHERBURY'S  T)E 
VERITATE.' — I  shall  be  grateful  if  any  of 
your  readers  can  point  me  to  an  existing 
copy  of  the  1624  Paris  edition  of  Lord 
Herbert  of  Cherbury's  '  De  Veritate.'  All 
the  bibliographical  manuals  mention  this 
edition,  as  do  Remusat,  Guttler,  Sir  Sidney 
Lee,  and  other  commentators  upon  or 
biographers  of  Herbert  of  Cherbury.  So- 
far  as  I  have  hitherto  been  able  to  discover 
no  copy  of  the  1624  edition  is  to  be  found 
in  English  public  libraries,  or  in  private 
collections.  Inquiries  in  Paris  have  not 
brought  to  light  a  copy.  Neither  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  nor  the  Biblio- 
theque  de  1'Arsenal  possesses  anything 
earlier  than  the  1633  London  edition. 

Herbert  left  his  Latin  and  Greek  bookie 
to  Jesus  College,  Oxford  ;  but  the  Meyrick 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [i2s.vm.  APRIL  9, 1021. - 


Library  only  possesses  the  second  London 
edition  of  1645. 

In  his  '  Autobiography '  Herbert  claims 
to  have  printed  the  first  edition  privately 
in  Paris. 

"  I  sent  my  book  to  be  printed  in  Paris,  at  my 
•own  cost  and  charges,  without  suffering  it  to  be 
-divulged  to  others  than  to  such  as  I  thought 
might  be  worthy  readers  of  it ;  though  afterwards 
ireprinting  it  in  England." 

And  on  the  title-page  of  the  first  London 
edition  appear  the  words  : — 

"  Exc.  Lutetiae  Parisiorvm,  CID  IDC  xxiv.  | 
lam  denuo  sed  auctius  &  emendatius  recud. 
Londini  |  Per  Avgvstinvm  Matthaevm  | 

•CID  IDC    XXXIII." 

The  first  edition  of  1624,  if  ever  com- 
pletely printed  and  issued,  was  probably 
limited  to  a  few  copies.  Have  any  survived  ? 

HAHOLD  WILLIAMS. 
8  Abingdon  Gardens,  Kensington,  W.8. 

SPANISH  HORSEHAIR  ARMOUR. — Horse- 
hair and  small  tin  plates  are  said  to  have 
foeen  used  as  armour  in  ancient  Spain.  Can 
.any  one  throw  light  on  this  statement  ? 

S.  A. 

GRAY'S  'ELEGY.' — Is  there  any  valid 
-reason  why  "  the  even  tenour  of  their  way  " 
should  have  become  so"  firmly  established  in 
^current  speech,  when  Gray  wrote  "  the 
noiseless  tenour  of  their  way  ?  ' 

The  '  Elegy '  is  general^  recognized  as 
-exemplifying  finely  polished  diction,  and 
yet  in  this  phrase  an  even  smoother  pair  of 
words  than  Gray's  have  obtained  common 
usage.  E.  BASIL  LTJPTON. 

10  Humboldt  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

I 

LIVERPOOL  HALF -PENNY. — Can  any  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  inform  me  of  the  origin  of  a 
bronze  coin  marked  Liverpool  Halfpenny. 

H.  D.  D. 

H.  Z.  H. — I  have  three  water-colours  of 
-cathedral  interiors  signed  with  these  initials 
one   of  them   is   dated  1879.     I   should   be 
interested  to  know  whose  initials  they  are 
..and  any  other  particulars  of  the  painter. 

C.  G.  N. 

QUEEN   ELIZABETH'S    STATUE,    ST.    DUN 
STAN'S-IN-THE-WEST.     (See  10  S.  ix.  103.) — 
Was  this  statue,  which  was  taken  down  frorr 
Ludgate  soon  after  Aug.  4,  1760,  and  put  up 
^.at  the  east  end  of  St.  Dunstan's,  Fleet  Street 
Oct.  14,  1766,  bought  by  Sir  Francis  Gosling 
<as  stated  Toone,   '  Chr.   Hist.,'   ii.    116),  or 
-given  to  him  by  the  City  (as  stated,  op.  cit. 
170,  and  at  the  reference  above)  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED.— 
According  to  the  Hon.  M.rs.  Maxwell  Scott,  in 
The  Tragedy  of  Fotheringay  '  (new  ed.,  1905), 
t  p.  156,  Queen  Elizabeth  while  in  doubt  whether 
he  should  or  should  not  sign  Queen  Mary's 
eath  warrant  "  was  often  heard  to  murmur  to 
.erself  Ant  fer,  aid  feri  ;  ne  feriare,  feri — Either 
ufter  or  strike  ;  not  to  be  struck,  strike."  Whose 
rords  was  Queen  Elizabeth  quoting  or  mis- 
uoting  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — 
Each  wrave  that  beats  against  the  rock, 

And  spends  itself  in  empty  spray, 
•Jeems  wasted,  yet  in  time  the  shock 

Has  helped  to  wear  the  cliff  away. 

Sach  little  soul  that  loveth  still, 
Through    joy,    through    pain,    through    grief, 

through  mirth. 

I'hat  trusteth  through  all  show  of  ill, 
Hath  brought  God's  heaven  nearer  earth. 

BROWNHURST. 


DOUBLE  FIRSTS  AT  OXFORD. 

(12  S.  viii.  249.) 

So  far  as  I  know,  there  is  no  printed  list  of 
Dxford  Double  Firsts.  In  the  absence  of 
such  the  following  list  compiled  by  me  from 
:he  '  Oxford  Historical  Register  '  may  be  of 
interest.  I  can  guarantee  its  accuracy,  but 
it  may  possibly  be  incomplete,  in  which  case 
some  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  may  be  able  to 
supply  omissions.  Up  to  1854  these  dis- 
tinctions were  won  in  the  same  term,  most 
of  the  subsequent  ones  in  two  different 
terms  : — 

M.  1808  Robert  Peel  (Christ  Church)  succeeded 
to  Baronetcy  1830  ;  Prime  Minister. 

E.  1810        Charles  Bathurst  (Christ  Church). 

John  Keble  (Corpus),  afterwards  Pro- 
fessor of  Poetry. 

M.  1810  Anthony  Mervin  Reeve  Storey  (Wad- 
ham)  (took  the  additional  name  of 
Maskelyne  1845),  afterwards  F.R.S. 

E.  1811        Edward  Hawkins  (St.  John's),  after- 
wards Provost  of  Oriel. 
Robert     Vaughan     Richards     (Christ 
Church),  afterwards  Q.C. 

M.  1811        John  Bull  (Christ  Church),  afterwards 

Canon  of  Christ  Church. 
William  Hart  Coleridge  (Christ  Church) 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Barbados. 

M.  1812         Andrew  Brandram  (Oriel). 

Thomas  Vowler  Short  (Christ  Church), 
afterwards  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph. 

E.  1813  Granville  Venables  Vernon  (Christ 
Church),  afterwards  M.P.  East 
Retford  and  Chancellor  diocese 
York. 

M.  1813  Renn  Dickson  Hampden  (Oriel),  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Hereford. 


12  s.  vm.  APRIL  9, 1921.]   NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


E.  1814  William  Short  (Christ  Church),  after- 
wards Archdeacon  of  Cornwall. 

-M.  1814        Charles  Purton  Cooper  (Wadham),  after- 
wards Q.C.  and  F.B.S.,  and  Secre- 
; '  tary  to  Public  Records  Commission. 

"'     **?         James  Anthony  Cramer  (Christ  Church) 
•    '•  afterwards  Dean,  of  Carlisle. 

William  Madan  (Christ  Church). 
E/1815        Edward fBurton  (Christ  Church),  after- 
wards Eegius  Professor  of  Divinity. 
Henry   Biddell   Moody   (Oriel),   after- 
wards Hon.  Canon  of  Canterbury. 
M/1815        James  Arthur  Wilson  (Christ  Church), 
afterwards     Senior     Physician     St. 
George's  Hospital. 
31.  1816        Henry   Jenkyns   (Corpus),   afterwards 

Canon  of  Durham. 

.M.  1817        Francis      Thornhill      Buring      (Christ 
Church),    succeeded    to    Baronetcy, 
rj-     1848 ;     created    Lord    Northbrook, 
1866  ;  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
and  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 
"E.  1818   bf  Walter  Henry  Burton  (Exeter). 

Edward  Greswell  (Corpus). 

31.  1818        William  Hiley  Bathurst  (Christ  Church) 
E.  1819        Charles  Bellamy  (St.  John's). 

Viscount  Sandon  (Christ  Church),  suc- 
ceeded as  Earl  of  Harrowby,  1847  ; 
Chancellor  Duchy  of  Lancaster  and 
Lord  Privy  Seal. 

£3.  1820        James  Thomas  Bound  (Balliol),  after- 
wards Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's. 
31.  1821        Charles     Dodgson     (Christ     Church), 
afterwards  Archdeacon  of  Bichmond 
Charles    Wood    (Oriel),  succeeded    to 
Baronetcy   1846  ;    created  Viscount 
Halifax,    1866  ;    Chancellor    of    the 
Exchequer  and  Secretary  for  India. 
E.  1822        Hon.     Philip     Henry    Abbot     (Christ 
Church),     afterwards    Becorder    of 
Monmouth. 

Richard  Greswell  (Worcester),  after- 
wards F.B.S. 

John  Horatio  Lloyd  (Queen's),  after- 
wards M.P.  Stockport. 

3L.  1822        Augustus      Page      Saunders      (Christ 
Church),  afterwards  Dean  of  Peter- 
borough. 
31.  1823        Hon.  Francis  Curzon  (Brasenose). 

Bobert  Isaac  Wilberforce  (Oriel), 
afterwards  Archdeacon  of  the  East 
Biding. 

31.  1824  Bobert  Hussey  (Christ  Church),  after- 
wards Begius  Professor  of  Eccle- 
siastical History. 

Egerton     Venables     Vernon      (Christ 
Church),  afterwards  Principal  Begis- 
trar  of  Province  of  York  [took  addi- 
tional name  Harcourt,  1831]. 
E.  1825        Arthur  James  Beaumont  (Queen's). 
E.  1826        William  John  Blake  (Christ  Church), 
afterwards  F.B.S.  and  M.P.  Newport 
(Isle  of  Wight). 

Francis  William  Newman  (Worcester), 
afterwards  Professor  of  Latin,  Uni- 
versity College,  London. 
Digby  Cayley  Wrangham  (Brasenose), 
afterwards  Serjeant-at-Law  and 
M.P.  Sudbury. 

K.  1828  John  Allen  Giles  (Corpus),  afterwards 
Head  Master  City  of  London  School. 


M.  1828        George    Henry    Sacheverell    Johnson 
(Queen's),  afterwards  Dean  of  Wells. 
Christopher     William    Puller     (Christ 
Church),  afterwards  M.P.  Herts. 

E.  1829  Charles  Baring  (Christ  Church),  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Durham. 

M.  1829  Bonamy  Price  (Worcester),  afterwards 
Professor  of  Political  Economy. 

M.  1830  Joseph  Anstice  (Christ  Church), 'after- 
wards Professor  of  Classical  Litera- 
ture, King's  College,  London. 

E.  1831        Thomas  Dyke-Acland  (Christ  Church), 
M.P.  (N.  Devon)  and  Privy  Councillor 
(succeeded  to  Baronetcy,  1871). 
Bobert  William  Browne  (St.  John's), 
afterwards  Archdeacon  of  Bath. 

M.  1831        Henry  Denison  (Christ  Church). 

William  Ewart  Gladstone  (Christ 
Church),  Prime  Minister. 

E.  1832  Frederic  Bogers  (Oriel),  succeeded  to 
Baronetcy  1851 ;  created  Lord  Black- 
ford  1871,  Under  Secretary  for  the 
Colonies. 

M.  1 832        George  Benjamin  Maule  (Christ  Church) 

E.  1833        Binsteed  Gaselee  (Balliol). 

Henry  George  Liddell  (Christ  Church), 
afterwards  Dean  of  Christ  Church. 

E.  1835        John  Adams  (Christ  Church). 

Edward Cardwell  (Balliol),  created  Vis- 
count Cardwell,  1874  :  Secretary  for 
War  and  President  of  Board  of  Trade 

M.  1835  Edward  Arthur  Litton  (Balliol),  after- 
wards Bampton  Lecturer  and  Vice- 
Principal  of  St.  Edmund  Hall. 

E.  1836        William  Fishburn  Donkin  (University), 
afterwards  F.B.S.  and  Savilian  Pro- 
fessor of  Geometry. 
Osborne  Gordon  (Christ  Church). 

M.  1836        William  Adams    (Merton),   author   of 

'  Sacred  Allegories.' 
*  Arthur  Kensington  (Trinity). 
John  Wickers   (Balliol),  afterwards  a 
Vice-Chancellor. 

E.  1837        *Thomas  Henry  Haddan  (Brasenose). 

M.  1838  Stephen  Jordan  Bigaud  (Exeter), 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Antigua. 

E.  1839  Samuel  Waldegrave  (Balliol),  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Carlisle. 

E.  1841        William  Hedley  (Queen's). 

E.  1842        Frederick  Temple  (Balliol),  afterwards 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
Samuel     William     Wayte     (Trinity), 
afterwards  President  of  Trinity. 

E.  1843        William  Williamson  Kerr  (Oriel). 

Henry  Longueville  Mansel  (S.  John's), 

afterwards  Dean  of  St.  Paul's. 
Paul  Parnell  (St.  John's),  afterwards 
Crown    Solicitor,  Perth  (West  Aus- 
tralia). 

E.  1844  Edward  Hayes  Plumptre  (University), 
afterwards  Dean  of  Wells. 

M.  1846  Edmund  Bodney  Pollexfen  Bastard 
(Balliol). 

E.  1849  Henry  John  Stephen  Smith  (Balliol), 
afterwards  Savilian  Professor  of 
Geometry  and  F.B.S. 

E.  1850  George  William  Kitchin  (Christ  Church) 
afterwards  Dean  of  Durham. 

M.  1850        Henry  Mitchell  Hall  (University). 

E.  1852        Herbert  Coleridge  (Balliol). 


Also  Eldon  Law  Scholars. 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [i2s.vm.  APRIL  9, 1921. 


E.  1854 
M.  1854 

M. 1854 


M.  1854 
E. 1855 

M.  1855 
E.  1856 
M. 1857 

E. 1858 
M. 1858 
E. 1861 

M. 1861 
E.  1863 
M.  1863 
E.  1864 
M.  1864 
E.  1865 
M.  1865 
M.  1865 
M.  1865 
T.  1866 

T.  1868 
M.  1868 
T.  1871 
M.  1872 
T.  1881 
T.  1883 
T.  1889 
T.  1891 


Thomas  Fowler  (Merton),  afterwards 
Professor  of  Logic  and  President  of 
Corpus. 

*Montagu  Hughes  Cookson  (St.  John's) 
(took  name  Crackanthorpe  in  lieu  of 
Cookson  1888),  afterwards  Q.C. 

George  Charles  Bell  (Worcester),  after- 
wards Head  Master  of  Marlborough 
and  of  Christ's  Hospital. 

*Horace  Davey  (University),  after- 
wards Lord  of  Appeal. 

Edward  Moore  (Pembroke),  afterwards 
Principal  of  St.  Edmund  Hall. 

John  Percival  (Queen's),  afterwards 
wards  Bishop  of  Hereford. 

*Henry  Alexander  Giflford  (Corpus), 
afterwards  Q.C.  and  knighted. 

*John  Mott  Maidlow  (Queen's). 

William  Andrews  Fearon  (New),  after- 
wards Head  Master  of  Winchester). 

} Alfred  Robinson  (University). 

George  Orange  Balleine  (Queen's), 
afterwards  Dean  of  Jersey. 

Amherst  Daniel  Tyssen  (Merton). 

*  Alfred  Barratt  (Balliol),  afterwards 
Secretary  to  Oxford  University 
Commission,  1880. 

|  Thomas  Hodge  Grose  (Balliol). 

John  Cook  Wilson  (Balliol),  afterwards 

Professor  of  Logic. 
Winfrid    Oldfield    Burrows    (Corpus), 

afterwards  Bishop  of  Chichester. 

} Charles  Stennett  Adamson  (St.  John's). 


The  above  list  is  confined  to  Double  Firsts 
in  the  original  sense  of  the  term,  i.e.,  to  men 
who  took  First  Classes  both  in  Classics  and 
in  Mathematics  in  the  final  examination  for 
the  B.A.  degree.  First  classes  in  the 
younger  schools  (History,  Natural  Science 
Theology,  &c.)  are  not  included. 

ALFRED  -B.  BEAVEN. 

Leamington. 


ROSE -COLOURED  VESTMENTS  ON  MOTHER 
ING  SUNDAY  ( 12  S.  viii.  249).— Father  Herber 
Thurston,  S.J.,  deals  with  Mid-Lent  Sunday 
on  pp.  178-190  of  his  '  Lent  and  Holy  Weekf 
(1904).  At  pp.  180-1  he  sets  out  to  answe 
the  question  of  the  origin  of  the  rose 
coloured  vestments  worn  on  this  day  "  ii 
our  larger  churches,  "and  writes  as  follows  : — 

"  It  does  not  seem  possible  to  answer  wit" 
absolute  certainty,  but  I  think  that  it  is  probabl 
to  be  traced  to  the  ceremony  of  the  blessing  of  th 
Golden  Rose,  which  for  some  centuries  past  ha 
taken  place  on  this  day  at  the  Papal  court.  I 
the  essay  which  GL  Cenni  has  devoted  to  th 
history  of  the  Golden  Rose  he  seems  to  sho 
conclusively  that  the  use  of  rose-coloured  vest 
ments  is  later  than  the  time  of  Paris  de  Grassis 
who  was  Papal  master  of  ceremonies  in  the  reig 


Also  Eldon  Law  Scholars. 


f  Leo  X.  (1521).*  Now  the  ceremony  of  the- 
jolden  Rose  is  certainly  many  centuries  older 
han  this,  and  it  seems  in  every  way  probable^ 
hough  I  am  not  aware  that  any  conclusive 
vidence  on  the  point  has  yet  been  produced, 
hat  in  the  course  of  the  sixteenth  century  a 
hade  of  light  purple  was  by  degrees  adopted  at 
Rome  for  the  vestments  of  this  day,  which  seemed 
o  harmonize  with  the  function  peculiar  to  this 
ccasion.  From  the  Papal  chapel  it  presumably 
xtended  first  to  the  other  churches  in  the  city^ 
,nd  thence  throughout  the  Catholic  world.  It 
hould,  however,  be  noted  that  the  use  of  rose- 
oloured  vestments  during  Lent  is  not  unknown 
Isewhere.  At  Milan  this  colour  is  employed  for 
he  Mass  on  the  Saturday  in  Passion  week, 
abbato  in  traditione  symboli,  as  it  used  to  be- 
sailed,  because  the  Creed  was  delivered  to  the- 
atechumens  on  the  great  scrtdinium  of  that  day. 
rlence  it  is  possible  that  the  Roman  usage  is 
lothing  more  than  an  outward  manifestation  of  the- 
oy  already  abundantly  indicated  in  the  liturgy 
of  Lcetare  Sunday." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.  208, 253, 278). 
Mr.  W.  J.  Hardy,  F.S.A.,  in  his  '  Book-Plates  ' 
,1897),  p.  170,  tells  us  of  the  use  of  the  lines,. 
"  If  thou  art  borrowed  by  a  friend,"  although 
be  does  not  mention  the  name  of  their  writer  : 

"  So  far  the  '  caveats '  on  book-plates  have- 
been  either  original  compositions  or  quotations,, 
specially  selected  by  the  owner ;  but,  as  time- 
went  on,  people  did  not  trouble  to  compose  their' 
own  verses  or  inscriptions  or  to  hunt  up  appro- 
priate quotations. 

"  The  same  lines  or  words  appear  fastened! 
beneath,  or  printed  upon,  the  book-plates  of 
many  different  persons  :  in  the  latter  case  the- 
bookplate  is  little  more  than  a  name  ticket. 

"  Here  is  one,  composed  early  in  this  century,, 
which  could  be  bought  of  C.  Talbot,  at  174  Tooley 
Street,  and  on  it  the  purchaser  could  write  his 
name  before  affixing  it  in  his  volumes  : 
THIS  BOOK 
BELONGS  TO 

'  If  thou  art  borrowed  by  a  friend/  (fee.,  &c. 
W.  B.  WHITE. 
4  Canterbury  Road,  Colchester. 

See  also  Leicester  Warren's  '  Guide  to  the- 
Study  of  Book-Plates'  (2nd  ed.,  1900)^ 
pp.  96-102  ;  Egerton  Castle's  '  English  Book- 
Plates  '  (2nd  ed.,  1893-4),  p.  308;  W.  J. 
Hardy's  'Book-Plates'  (2nd  ed.,  1897).- 
pp.  162-175.  G.  H.  WHITE. 

23  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

My  reference  to  the  Richmond  portrait  of 
Hope-Scott  is  inexact.  There  are  other  two- 
portraits  of  him  by  George  Richmond,. 
R.A.,  besides  the  one  beautifully  reproduced1 
in  the  'Memorials  of  Mr.  Serjeant  Bellasis/ 


Conheath,  Dumfriesshire 


R.  Y.  PICKERING. 


*  G.  Cenni,  '  Dissertazioni,'  i.  p.  264. 


12  s. viii.  APRIL  9, 1921.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER  IN  THE  GIPSY  OR 
ROMANY  LANGUAGE  (12  S.  viii.  250). — This  is 
given  in  '  The  Dialect  of  the  English  Gipsies,' 
by  Smart  and  Crofton  on  p.  225  (2nd  Edn., 
London  1875),  where  it  is  recommended 
to  compare  six  versions,  Pott,  ii,  472,  et  seq., 
also  those  in  the  Appendices  to  Borrow' s 

*  Zincali,'  and  in  his  '  Lavo-lil.' 

GEORGE  J.  DEW. 
Lower  Hey  ford,  Banbury. 

Three  different  texts,  printed,  according 
to  various  dialects,  and  collected  from  the 
mouth  of  several  wandering  tribes  of  gipsies 
in  Hungary  are  given  in  Adelung'  s  '  Mithri- 
dates'  (band  i.  pp.  250-252).  This  well- 
known  work,  containing  the  Lord's  Prayer 
as  specimen  in  500  languages  and  dialects, 
by  J.  Chr.  Adelung  and  J.  S.  Vater  (in  4  parts, 
8vo,  Berlin,  1806-17)  can  be  found,  no 
doubt,  in  the  British  Museum.  H.  K. 

FUNERAL  CAKE  (12  S.  viii.  207). — I  very 
well  remember  that  when  I  was  a  boy  in 
Birmingham  in  the  1840's,  my  parents  used 
sometimes  to  bring  home  from  funerals  a 
fev»-  perfectly  black  biscuits,  made  as  it  were 
of  charcoal.  Of  any  special  bag  for  holding 
them  I  never  heard,  but  I  held  the  biscuits 
in  abhorrence,  and  hope  that  this  most 
unreasonable  and  lugubrious  sign  of  mourn- 
ing is  now  extinct,  with  many  others  of  its 
kind.  HOWARD  S.  PEARSON. 

THE  QUALITIES  OF  FEMALE  BEAUTY 
(12  S.  viii.  247). — The  lines  beginning 
"  Trigiiita  haec  habeat "  date  their  birth, 
as  S.  G.  rightly  surmises,  from  a  time  earlier 
than  that  of  Nicolas  Chorier.  Giovanni 
Nevizzani  gives  them  in  Bk.  I.,  section  93, 
of  his  '  Sylva  Nuptialis,'  that  curious  work 
which  is  so  often  quoted  in  the  '  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy.'  Nevizzani  says  that  these 
thirty  essentials  are  enumerated  near  the 
end  of  the  book  ' — De  la  louange  et  beaulte 
des  dames.'  He  then  quotes  a  Latin  version 
in  eighteen  elegiacs  which  he  attributes 
to  Franciscus  Corniger,  with  the  remark 
"  quern  nunc  refero  quia  non  est  impressus." 
This  then  would  seem  to  be  the  first  appear- 
ance of  these  lines  in  print.  In  Heinrich 
Bebel's  '  Proverbia  Germanica,'  no.  152, 
we  get  a  list  of  twenty-one  points  : — 

"  Haec  mulier  perfecte  formosa  erit,  quae 
habuerit ;  tria  dura,  tria  mollia,  tria  brevia,"  &c. 

William  Drummond  of  Hawthornden  has 
given  expression  to  Corniger' s  standard  in 
'Beauty's  Idea,'  one  of  the  pieces  in  his 

*  Madrigals  and  Epigrams.'     Line  3  : — 
White  is  her  hair,  her  teeth  white,  white  her  skin. 


answers  to  : — 

Alba  cutis,  nivei  dentes,  albique  capilli. 
The  editor  of  Drummond  in  '  The  Muses' 
Library,'  clearly  knowing  nothing  of  the 
Latin  original,  pronounces  "  hair "  to  be 
"  obviously  incorrect,"  and  alters  it  to 
"hand."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"SINGING  BREAD."  (12  S.  viii.  269).— 
To  discover  the  meaning  of  "  Singing-bread  " 
one  need  go  no  further  than  to  'N.E.D.' 
where  it  is  denned  as  "  The  wafer  used  in 
the  celebration  of  the  mass."  The  Diction- 
ary also  gives  "Singing  cake"  and  "singing 
loaf"  in  the  same  sense.  Barnabe  Googe  is 
translating  the  words  "mysticus  panis,"  the 
original  of  his  twc  lines  quoted  at  the  above 
reference  being  these : 

Ne  iaceat  uero.  inque  sepulchre  sola  colatur, 
Mysticus  adfertur  quoque  et  una  clauditur  intus 
Panis,  ut  impietas  creaeat,  cultusque  prophanus. 

Naogeorgus  (Kirchineyer),  '  Regnum 
Papisticum,'  IV.,  501-503. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

A  term  that  was  formerly  applied  to  the 
wafer  bread  used  in  singing  (or  saying)  mass. 
The  lines  quoted  by  Brand  are  from  Barnaby 
Googe's  ' Popish  Kingdom '  iv.  51b,  (1570),  a 
work  not  to  be  depended  on  for  facts,  though 
it  bears  witness  to  a  survival  of  the  term 
"singing  bread"  into  Elizabeth's  time, 
especially  as  wafer-bread  was  then  used  in 
our  churches,  as  it  still  may  be  and  often  is. 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

Singing-bread  was  that  offered  in  the  Mass. 
It  was  made  with  great  reverence,  sometimes 
to  the  accompaniment  of  singing  whence  it 
is  said  its  name  was  derived.  The  breads 
were  also  called  "  obleys."  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Round  cakes  or  wafers  intended  for  the 
consecrated  host  in  the  eucharistic  sacra- 
ment (See  Davies'  'Rites,'  1672,  p.  2),  also 
'  Test.  Vetust,'  p.  266  :— 

"  Item,  I  bequethe  to  the  same  chirch  a  little 
round  cofyn  of  sylver,  closed  in  Syngyng-bred, 
and  not  the  hoste." 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

CAPT.  CCOK  :  MEMORIALS  (12  S.  viii.  132, 
176,  198,  218).— 

"  On  Easly  Moor,  a  few  miles  to  the  south  of 
Roseberry  Topping  the  tall  column  to  the 
memory  of  Captain  Cook  stands  like  a  lighthouse 
on  this  inland  coast-line  "  (Gordon  Home, 
'  Yorkshire,'  p.  96). 

M.  HOPE  DODDS. 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i2s.vm.  APRIL  9, 1021. 


MONTHLY  PERIODICAL  :  '  PENNY  POST 
(12  S.  viii.  251).— This  came  out  regularly 
from  January,  1851,  to  the  end  of  1896. 
It  was  at  first  published  by  John  Henry 
Parker,  377  Strand,  ultimately  by  Parker 
&  Co.,  6  Southampton  Street,  Strand. 
I  believe  it  was  edited  by  one  of  the  Parker 
family,  and  think  I  have  been  told  that  his 
name'  was  James.  I  daresay  it  would  be 
helped  on  by  John  Henry  who  made  a 
study  of  architecture,  was  a  keen  archaeo- 
logist and  received  a  C.B.,  but  I  do  not 
think  he  was  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Penny  Post,  one  of  the  best  little  magazines 
we  have  ever  had.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

'  HlNCHBBIDGE  HAUNTED  :   A  COUNTRY 

GHOST  STORY  '  (12  S.  viii.  211,  254). — George 
Cupples  was  the  author  of  '  Hinchbridge 
Haunted,'  also  of  '  The  Green  Hand,'  '  The 
Two  Frigates,'  'The  Ariadne  and  Le  Har- 
pagon,'  '  Dick  Webster,'  and  '  The  Deserted 
Ship.'  'The  Green  Hand'  was  first  pub- 
lished in  Blackwood  serially  about  1849,  and 
as  a  book  in  1856,  and  '  The  Two  Frigates ' 
in  the  Railway  Library.  Mrs.  A.  J.  Cupples, 
his  wife,  is  credited,  with  about  46  books, 
many  on  sea  subjects,  others  juvenile  litera- 
ture, and  some  on  domestic  economy. 

JOHN  LECKY 
17  Hazlewell  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

CHURCHES  OF  ST.  MICHAEL  (12  S.  viii.  190, 
231). — Of  Churches  in  north  Wales  with  a  St. 
Michael  dedication  that  in  Llan  Festiniog 
stands  on  a  high  and  commanding  elevation 
overlooking  a  lovely  vale  and  broad  sweep 
of  country ;  and  'Llanrug  parish  church, 
near  Carnarvon  is  on  an  upward  gradient 
isolated  from  a  populous  village.  St. 
Michael's  Aberystwyth  (S.  Wales)  is  at  the 
seaward  end  of  the  watering-place  on  level 
ground  in  near  proximity  to  the  University 
College.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

CAPT.  CHARLES  MORRIS  (12  S.  viii.  251).— 
Thackeray  was  a  great  writer,  but  he  was 
not  an  authority  on  matters  of  biographical 
detail.  MR.  STRATTON  should  consult  the 
'D.N.B.'  and  'The  Life  and  Death  of  the 
Sublime  Society  of  Beef  Steaks,'  by  Brother 
Wralter  Arnold  (Bradbury  Evans  &  Co., 
1871)  Captain  Morris  was  their  Laureate, 
and  for  many  years  he  delighted  the  brethren 
by  his  witty  conversation  and  his  clever  songs, 
twelve  of  which  are  printed  in  that  volume. 
There  is  no  proof  that  in  old  age  he  felt 
himself  called  upon  to  see  "  the  error  of  his 
ways."  To  judge  from  a  communication  to 


the  "  Recorder  "  of  the  Club  on  the  occasion- 
of  his  entering  his  eighty-sixth  year,  he  had 
then  suffered  from    diminished    means,  and 
intended  to  close  his  life  "in  humble  retire- 
ment   and   domestic    privacy."     His   verses 
on  that  occasion  are  naturally  expressive  of 
regret.     In    the    following    year,    however,, 
according  to  a  Minute  of  the  Society, 
"the  Old  Bard  Charles  Morris,  having  entered  his 
87th  year,  and  being  in  full  possession  of  health, 
and  of  those  splendid  lyrical  talents  which   have 
charmed  this  Sublime  Society  for  more  than  half  a 
century,  again  took  his  seat  at  the  board." 
His    song,     consisting    of    thirteen    stanzas 
composed  for  that  occasion,  began  thus  : — 

Well,  I'm   come,  my  good  friends,  your  kind  wish 

to  obey, 

To  sing,  if  I  can,  a  last  song  here  to-day  ; 
To  turn  the  heart's  sighs  to  the  throbbings  of  joy, 
And  a  grave  aged  man  to  a  merry  old  boy. 

We  are  told  by  brother  Arnold  that  he 
"died  in  1838,  at  the  age  of  93,  retaining 
unimpaired  until  within    four   days  of  his 
death  the  mental  and  physical  faculties  of" 
his    youth."  PHILIP  NORMAN. 

45  Evelyn  Gardens,  S.W.I. 

An  account  of  Captain  Morris  will  be  found 
in  Timbs'  '  Club  Life  in  London,'  vol  i. 
He  was  the  Laureate  of  the  Beef  Steak 
Society  until  1831,  when  he  retired  to  Brock- 
ham,  in  Surrey,  to  a  residence  given  to  him 
by  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  Your  corres- 
pondent's quotation  refers  to  a  bowl  pre- 
sented to  him  in  1835  by  the  Society  as  a 
testimonial  of  their  affection  and  esteem, 
and  comes  from  a  poem  alluding  to  this 
treasured  gift : — 

For  I  feel  while  I'm  cheer'd  by  the  drop  that  I  lift,  - 
I'm  Blest  by  the  Motive  that  hallows  the  Gift. 
Timbs  says  that  at  Brockham,  Morris 

"  drank  the  pure  pleasures  of  the  rural  life  long 
after  many  a  gay  light  of  his  own  time  had  nickered 
out,  and  become  almost  forgotten.  At  length  his 
course  ebbed  away,  July  11,  1838,  in  his  ninety- 
third  year.'' 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

DR.  JOHNSON  :  PORTRAIT  IN  HILL'S  EDI- 
TION OF  BOSWELL  (12  S.  viii  229,  274).— 
The  frontispiece  of  the  third  volume  of 
Hill's  edition  of  Boswell's  '  Life  of  Johnson  ' 
is  certainly  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Johnson  by 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  and  is  the  same  as 
that  illustrated  on  p.  7  of  Sir  Walter 
Armstrong's  '  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  '  (Heine- 
mann,  1900),  and  which  is  catalogued  as 
follows  : — 

"  Johnson,  Samuel,  LL.D.  Duke  of  Suther- 
land. Painted  for  Dr.  Johnson's  step-daughter  , 
Miss  Lucy  Porter,  of  Lichfield.  Replica  at  Knole 


i2s.vm.ApBn,9,i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


Another  replica  in  the  possession  of^Mrs.  Kay  and 
Miss  Drummond,  18  Hyde  Park  Gardens.  Bust ; 
showing  both  hands,  which  he  holds  up  as  if 
enforcing  an  argument ;  no  wig  ;  profile  to  the 
left :  books  in  background.  Painted  1770. 
30  by  25." 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

TAVERN  SIGN  :  CASTLE  AND  WHEEL- 
BARROW (12  S.  viii.  250). — Larwood  and 
Hotten  casually  mention  this  sign,  in  con- 
junction with  the  Castle  in  the  Air,  saying 
there  is  a  house  at  Rouse  Lench  called  The 
Castle  and  Wheelbarrow,  and  is  doubtless  an 
innkeeper's  notion  of  suggestive  humour. 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

LEG  OF  MUTTON  CLUBS  (12.  S.  viii.  250).— 
Some  account  of  eating  houses  and  taverns 
frequented  by  Members  of  the  House  of 
Commons  will  be  found  in  '  A  Career  in  the 
Commons '  and  in  Timbs'  '  Club  Life  in 
London.'  In  the  latter  book  is  given  a 
sketch  of  Bellamy's  kitchen  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  (old)  House,  where  the  statesmen  of 
England  often  dined. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

TURNER  FAMILY  (12  S.  v.  94,  249  ; 
viii.  238). — As  the  Shrigley  property  was 
purchased  by  William  Turner,  M.P.,  for 
Blackburn,  it  will  be  rather  in  Lancashire 
that  searches  should  be  made.  I  suggest 
that  inspection  of  the  wills  of  William  Turner 
of  Martholm,  yeoman,  1782,  and  William 
Turner  of  Martholm,  woollen  manufacturer, 
1796,  would  give  information;  both  proved 
at  Chester.  Abstracts  could  be  obtained  for 
a  few  shillings  from  Mr.  W.  H.  Price  of 
10  Chapel  Terrace,  Tarvin  Road,  Chester.  ' 

R.  S.  B. 

JAMES  PEAKE  (12  S.  viii.  250). — He  was  of 
St.  John's  College,  master  at  Hawkshead, 
1766-1781  ;  Vicar  of  Cartmel,  1781,  and  also, 
at  some  time,  of  Edensor,  Derbyshire. 
Perhaps  a  descendant  of  the  Rev.  James 
Peake,  a  curate  at  Wigan,  Vicar  of  Bowdon, 
Cheshire,  deprived  as  a  non- juror  in  1690. 

R.  S.  B. 

In  Romilly's  '  Graduati  Cantabrigienses,' 
MDCCLX-MDCCCLVI.  appears  the  name  of  a 
James  Peake,  of  St.  John's  College  ;  B.A., 
1767  ;  M.A.,  1775.  Possibly  Wordsworth's 
schoolmaster  ?  F.  P.  L.-Y. 

"LoxE"  (12  S.  i.  510;  ii.  18,  56).— In 
'  Highways  and  Byways  in  Northumbria,' 
by  1*.  Anderson  Graham,  1920,  the  local 
meaning  of  "  a  small  quantity  "  is  given  to 
this  word.  W.  B.  H. 


OLD  SONG  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  250). — 
The  verse  quoted  is  one  of  a  long  series  we 
used  to  sing  as  children  to  a  somewhat 
tuneless  tune  which  I  remember  better  than 
the  words.  The  first  verse  began  : — 

Christ  was  born  in  Bethlehem, 

Christ  was  born  in  Bethlehem, 

And  in  a  manger  laid. 

Two  other  verses  that  I  remember,  perhaps 
imperfectly,  ran  : — 

The  Jews  crucified  Him, 

The  Jews  crucified  Him, 

And  nailed  Him  to  a  tree ; 
and 

Joseph  begged  His  body, 

Joseph  begged  His  body, 

And  laid  it  in  the  tomb. 

Others  followed,  of  which  that  quoted  by 
your  correspondent — "  Mary  she  came  weep- 
ing" &c. — is  the  only  one  of  which  I  have 
any  distinct  recollection.  C.  C.  B. 

COWPER  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAME  (12  S. 
viii.  110,  179,  237).— Cowper's  Court,  on 
the  southern  side  of  Cornhill  which  is,  or 
was,  owned  by  a  family  of  that  name,  is 
always  spoken  of  as  "  Cowper's  Court,"  not  -. 
pronounced  after  Stephenson's  fashion  ! 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

THE  HONOURABLE  MR.  (12  S.  viii.  110,  176);. 
— In  1801  my  great-grandfather  entered  the 
sponsors   of  his   son  Arthur   Rodon  in  his 
Prayer  Book  as  follows  :  "Mr.  Serjt.  Onslow, 
the  Honble.  Mr.  Rodon  and  Miss  Stubbs." 
The  Hon.  Mr.  Rodon  was  John,  one  of  His 
Majesty's     Honourable     Privy     Council     of. 
Jamaica.  A.  H.  W.  FYNMORE. 

Arundel. 

EMERSON'S     'ENGLISH    TRAITS'     (12    S.. 
v.    234).— 8.  Chestnut    Street    is    the    chief 
thoroughfare    of    Philadelphia,    and    blends; 
somewhat     the     characteristics     of     Throg- 
morton    Street    and    of    Park    Lane.     But 
Emerson   apparently   meant   that   Chestnut 
Street  was  to  devout  Philadelphians,  what 
Beacon  Street  is  to  Bostonians,  the  centre 
of  the  universe.  THOMAS  FLINT. 

Brooklyn,  New  York. 


Repertory  of  British  Archives.     Part  I.  England. 

Edited     by     Hubert     Hall.     (London:    Royal 

Historical  Society.) 

THE  Royal  Historical  Society  deserves  the 
heartiest  thanks  of  all  students  of  history  for 
the  undertaking  before  us.  There  is  no  need 
either  to  point  out  how  vast  is  the  mass  of  records 
left  to  us  from  the  past,  or  to  expatiate  on  the 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  S.YIII.  APRIL  9,1921. 


-difficulties  of  research  in  the  midst  of  them.  No 
again  need  one  labour  the  comfort  and  th< 
practical  importance  of  possessing  in  one's  owr 
mind  a  clear  and  systematic  plan  of  the  genera 
classification  and  of  the  origin  and  distribution 
of  records.  Dr.  Hall  has  here  compiled  anc 
arranged  all  the  elements — so  far  as  England  is 
concerned — of  this  desirable  knowledge.  A  com 
petent  Introduction  sketches  the  growth  of  th< 
archives  and  the  progress  of  their  ca^e  anc 
custody.  This  is  in  itself  a  curious  side-line  o 
history,  and  as  good  an  illustration  as  another 
of  how  terribly  hard  for  mortal  man  to  compass 
are  order  and  economy.  It  is  singular  that  the 
B  evolutionary  Government  of  France  should 
have  led  the  way  in  the  matter  of  ensuring  the 
safety  of  State  documents,  and  that  most  Euro- 
pean countries  modelled  their  schemes  upon  the 
French  administration. 

The  three  main  divisions  of  this  compilation 
are :  I.  A  Classified  List  of  Public  Records  ; 
II.  A  Survey  of  Local  Records,  and  III.  A  Direct 
ory  of  English  Archives.  (It  is  a  pity  that  the 
page-heading  of  Part  I.  has  been  continued 
through  Part  II.)  The  sub-divisions  of  Part  I. 
are  Diplomatic  Documents,  Administrative 
Proceedings  and  Judicial  Proceedings.  The 
Local  Records  comprise  county,  town  and  parish 
records,  with  public  records  in  local  repositories, 
and  archives  of  statutory  authorities  and  trusts. 
Descriptive  and  historical  notes  are  abundantly 
supplied  ;  the  nature  and  powers  of  authorities 
are  carefully  set  out,  and  such  references  giver> 
for  all  important  statements,  as  often  in  them- 
selves furnish  excellent  guides  to  the  beginner. 

No  library  designed  for  serious  historical  study 
is  likely  to  overlook  this  valuable  work  or  fail 
to  acquire  it. 


©Mtusrn. 

WILLIAM  BLYTH  GERISH. 

WE  greatly  regret  to  learn  the  death  of  our  old 
correspondent,  William  Blyth  Gerish,  which  took 
place  on  Sunday,  Mar.  13  last.  He  was  an 
archaeologist  and  topographer  of  the  best  type. 
He  loved  the  work  with  a  genuine  devotion, 
and  he  was  a  most  conscientious  and  pains- 
taking investigator.  His  conclusions  were  very 
accurate  although  his  researches  were  remarkably 
extensive  ;  and  his  work  is  of  permanent  value. 
Unfortunately,  Mr.  Gerish  was  prevented  by 
ill-health  from  sustained  and  continuous 
labour.  Illness  was  not,  however,  allowed  to 
interfere  with  his  labours,  although  his  work 
was  often  done  under  very  trying  circumstances, 
while  he  was  suffering  acutely.  Indeed,  what 
he  accomplished  bears  witness  to  heroism  as 
much  as  to  industry  and  learning. 

Mr.  Gerish  was  descended  from  an  old  East 
Anglian  family  ;  but  for  many  years  he  lived  in 
Hertfordshire.  By  profession,  he*  was  a  banker  ; 
and  the  time  spent  on  his  daily  journeys  to  London 
was  devoted  to  the  compilation  of  those  indexes 
with  which  his  name  will  always  be  associated1 
He  was  responsible  for  the  indexes  to  a  large 
number  of  documents  and  printed  books  dealing 
with  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Hertfordshire ;  and 


they  are  models  of  exactitude  and  erudition.  He 
was  the  author  of  numerous  pamphlets  dealing 
with  local  history,  legends,  and  biography  ; 
and  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  antiquarian 
magazines  and  reviews.  His  contributions  to  the 
local  newspapers  of  Hertfordshire  and  East 
Anglia  were  always  popular  and  interesting.  In 
1898,  he  helped  to  found  the  East  Herts  Archaeo- 
logical Society,  of  which  he  was  the  Honorary 
Secretary  until  he  retired  from  active  life,  in 
consequence  of  ill-health.  He  also  inaugurated 
a  feature  in  The  Herts.  Mercury,  which  he  called 
'  East  Herts  Archaeo logical  Notes  and  Qxieries  '  : 
and  later,  in  collaboration  with  Mr.  Whitford 
Anderson,  he  conducted  the  '  West  Herts  Notes 
and  Queries  '  in  The  Watford  Observer.  Many  of 
his  articles  appeared  in  The  Home  Counties 
Magazine,  in  The  Antiquary,  in  our  own  columns, 
and  in  the  Transactions  of  the  East  Herts  Archaeo- 
logical Society. 

Probably,  his  most  important  published  work 
was,  '  Sir  Henry  Chauncy  :  a  Biography  '• — a  life 
of  the  Hertfordshire  historian.  In  manuscript, 
he  has  left  a  '  History  of  Caister,'  the  place  to 
which  he  retired  in  1915  ;  and  a  '  Handlist  of  Some 
Manuscript  Indexes  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk 
Works  '  was  issued  a  short  time  before  his  death. 
The  original  indexes  are  housed  in  the  public 
libraries  of  Great  Yarmouth  and  Norwich. 

During  almost  the  whole  of  his  life,  Mr.  Gerish 
was  an  indefatigable  collector  of  topographical 
books,  prints,  maps,  photographs,  and  newspaper 
cuttings.  His  collection,  which  was  in  some 
respects  unique,  was  of  great  value  ;  and  with 
characteristic  thoroughness,  he  indexed  and 
arranged  it  most  methodically.  It  is  good  to 
knew  that  these  collections,  which  were  so 
patiently  and  lovingly  formed,  will  not  be  dis- 
persed :  for  when  he  left  the  county,  Mr.  Gerish 
presented  his  prints,  maps,  photographs,  news- 
paper cuttings,  and  manuscript  notes  relating 
to  Hertfordshire  to  the  public  library  at  St. 
St.  Albans,  and  he  offered  to  sell  his  collection 
of  books  and  pamphlets  to  the  Committee  for  a 
nominal  sum.  The  offer  was  gladly  accepted  : 
and  this  interesting  collection  is  now  in  safe 
keeping,  and  at  the  disposal  pf  students.  It 
onsists  of  more  than  five  hundred  books  and 
three  hundred  pamphlets  ;  while  the  prints,  maps, 
photographs,  newspaper  cuttings,  and  notes  fill 
more  than  a  hundred  cases — boxes  and  portfolios, 
which  were  generally  spoken  of  as  his  "  Note 
Books  "  by  the  collector. 

His  death  has  left  a  gap  in  the  ranks  of  the 
ittle  band  of  scholars  which  will  not  be  easily 
filled. 


tn 


answering   a  query,  or    referring   to   an 
article  which  has  already  appeared,  correspondents 
ire     requested     to     give     within     parentheses  — 
'm  mediately  after  the  exact  heading—  the  numbers 
>f  the  series,  volume,  and  page  at  which  the  con- 
ribution  in  question  is  to  be  found. 
ALL   communications   intended  for  insertion  in 
iur  columns  should  bear  the  name  and  address  o? 
he  sender  —  not  necessarily  for  publication,  but  as 
guarantee  of  good  faith. 


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i2S. vm. APRILIB,  1021.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


301 


LONDON,  APRIL  16,  1921. 
CONTENTS. — No.    157. 


NOTES  : — Congreve  as  a  Ballad- Writer,  301 — Among  the 
Shakespeare  Archives  :  The  Expulsion  of  Master  William 
Bott,  303—"  Britisher  "  v.  "  Briton."  304 — Aldeburgh  : 
Extracts  from  Chamberlains' Account-Book,  305— Political 
Verses  by  Charles  Lamb  ?,  306 — Raining  in  the  Sunshine — 
Publications  of  Frederick  Locker-Lampson — "  Some  "- 
ffairebanck  and  Rawson  Families,  307. 

QUERIES  :— The    Death    of    William     Rufus— Ban  quo- 
John     Pym — Carew    Family    of    Beddington.     Surrey — 
Patricius   Walker:   "Juan  de  Vega  "--"Ware  the  Bag. 
308 — Old  Genealogies — Engraving    on  Snuff-box  Lid — " 
The  Year's  Round'of  Children's  Games— Tribal  Hidages — 
A    Seventeenth-Century  Compass — The  Mermaid  at  her 
Toilet,     309 — Black     Cat     Superstition — Regattas — "  Sir  ! 
Roderick  Spens  " — Old  London  :    The  Cloth  Fair — Four-  ; 
Bottle   Men— Source   of   Lines   wanted — Dickson,    Book- 
seller, Edinburgh — Drury  and  Castle,  310 — Habeas  Corpus  ' 
Act— Katharine  Tudor  of  Berain— Author  Wanted,  311. 

REPLIES  : — Benjamin   Choyce   Sowdon — Bamfylde   Moore  , 
Carew,    311 — Sir    Hans    Sloane's    Bloomsbury    House —  j 
Globist — The      Place-name      Totland,      312 — Pastorini's  l 
Prophecy— Tavern    Signs  :    "  The    Duke's    Motto  "— M.  | 
Gordon,  Minor  Poet — Old  Inns — James  Dray  ton,  313 — 
"  The  Haven  under  the  Hill  " — "  Colly  my  Cow  " — Book 
Borrowers,    314  —  "The    Empire"  —  Second   Bishop  of 
Carlisle — Heraldry  of  St.  Augustine's  Abbey.  Bristol — Old 
Song  Wanted,  315 — '  Giovanni  Sbogarro  ' — "  Nothing  but 
their  eyes  to  weep  with  " — The  Lord's  Prayer  in  Romany — 
Peacock's   Feathers  —  Cider  and   Rheumatism,  316— The  j 
Golden  Ball — The    Roman     Numeral     Alphabet — Queen  I 
Elizabeth's    Statue,    St.    Dunstan's-in-the-West,     317  — 
Shakespeare  Query — Hunting  Songs  :  Chaworth  Musters — 
"  Comlies  "    and    "  Cony    Bags  " — St.    Oswald — Epitaphs  j 
Desired — Culbin  Sands,  318 — The  Rabbit  in  Comparative  ' 
Religion— Gray's  '  Elegy,'  319. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS: — 'A  New  Book  about  London' — 
Don  Quixote' — 'The  Story  of  the  Shire' — 'Rules for  Com- 
positors ' — 'The  Berks,  Bucks  and  Oxon  Archaeological 
Journal ' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Jgote*. 

CONGREVE    AS    A    BALLAD-WRITER. 

SOON,  after  the  Hanoverian  accession  the 
wife  of  Lord  Chancellor  Cowper,  who  was 
then  Lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to  the  Prin- 
cess of  Wales,  the  future  Queen  Caroline, 
records  in  her  diary  that  she  was  thanked 
by  her  mistress  for  drinking  her  health ! 
at  supper,  and  adds 

"I  told  her  I  never  failed  at  any  meals  drinking  j 
hers  and  my  master's  ;  upon  which  the  Prince  j 
said  he  did  not  wonder  he  had  such  good  health  i 
since  he  came  into  England,  since  I  took  so  much  ; 
part  in  it.  I  told  him  that  before  his  coming 
hi  ther,  I  and  my  children  had  constantly  drunk  j 
his  health  by  the  name  of  '  Young  Hanover 
brave,'  which  was  the  title  Mr.  Congreve  had 
given  him  in  a  ballad."* 


*  Diary  of  Mary  Count  oss  C'owper,  ed.  by  Hon. 
Charles  Spencer    Cowper,    Lond.,     1865,    p.     23. 
For  my  knowledge  of  the  passage  I  am  indebted  | 
to  Professor  Firth. 


As  a  footnote  to  the  diary  states,  the  ballad 
is  one  that  opens  with  the  following  lines  :— 
Ye  commons  and  peers, 
Pray  lend  me  your  ears, 
I'll  sing  you  a  song  if  I  can, 
How  Lewis  le  Grand 
Was  put  to  a  stand 
By  the  arms  of  our  gracious  Queen  Anne. 

The  reference  to  George  II.  is  in  the  sixth 
verse : — 

Not  so  did  behave 
Young  Hanover  brave, 
In  this  bloody  field,  I  assure  ye  ; 
When  his  war-horse  was  shot, 
He  valued  it  not, 
But  fought  it  on  foot  like  a  fury. 

The  ballad  has  for  its  subject  the  Battle  of 
Oudenarde,  which  was  fought  in  1708,  on 
July  11,  and  its  appearance  was  thus  an- 
nounced eight  days  later  in  The  Daily 
C  our  ant : — 

Just  Publish'd  Jack  Frenchman's  Defeat, 
being  an  Excellent  new  Song.  To  a  Pleasant 
Tune,  with  a  fair  Representation  of  the  Battle 
curiously  Engraven.  Sold  by  Benj.  Brugg  in 
Pater-Noster-Bow,  price  a  half  penny. 

From  the  broadside*  it  is  learned  that 
the  "  pleasant  tune  "  was  that  of 

There  was  a  fair  maid  in  the  North  country 
Came  tripping  over  the  plain, 

but  this  setting,  which  would  seem  hardly 
likely  to  have  been  quite  apposite,  was 
superseded  by  one  specially  composed  by 
Dick  Leveridge,  who  not  improbably  made 
use  of  the  ballad  on  the  stage,  f  The 
ballad,  of  which  a  Latin  version  exists, J 
became  all  the  vogue.  A  severely  revised 
edition  was  issued  with  the  following  title : — 
Jack  Frenchman's  Lamentation :  An  Ex- 
cellent New  Song.  To  the  Tune  of  I'll  tell  thee, 
Dick,  &c.,  or  Who  can  but  love  a  Seaman,  &c.§ 
This  edition  was  followed  by  a  third,  in  which 
a  weak  verse,  the  seventh,  was  omitted. || 

*  A  copy  is  preserved  in  the  British  Museum, 
C  40  m.  10  ( 103),  and  is  reproduced  in  '  The  Bag- 
ford  Ballads,'  ed.  by  J.  W.  Ebsworth,  1876, 
p.  386.  The  woodcut,  which  is  in  every  sense 
of  the  word  curious,  represents  the  Pretender  and 
the  Dukes  of  Burgundy  and  Berry  first  on  a  church 
tower  viewing  a  battle  from  afar,  and  afterwards 
on  horseback  galloping  away  from  a  scene  of 
carnage. 

t  '  Wit  and  Mirth  or  Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy,' 
vi.  (Lond.,  1720)  1. 

J  It  is  preserved  in  a  manuscript  collection 
known  as  '  The  Whimsical  Medley '  in  the  Library 
of  Trin.  Coll.  Dubl. 

§  Brit.  Mus.,  1876,  f.  1  (40).— This  broadside  is 
also  headed  by  a  woodcut  representing  soldiers 
on  the  march  preceded  by  fife,  drum  and  ensign. 
The  tunes  were  probably  suggested  on  account 
of  their  popularity. 

j|  Brit.  Mus..  12350  m.  18  (3).  The  ballad  com- 
prised originally  fourteen  verses. 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2S.vm.Apim,  16,1021. 


Although  the  swing  which  pervades 
this  ballad  is  not  found  in  any  of  Swift's 
acknowledged  pieces,  the  ballad  was  attri- 
buted to  him  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  has 
been  since  included,  in  its  finally  revised 
form,  in  Swift's  verse.  That  Scott  was 
wrong  cannot  now  be  questioned.  Lady 
Cowper  had  evidently  personal  acquaintance 
with  Congreve,  of  whom  she  tells  ivs  she 
said  to  the  Prince  all  the  good  which  she 
thought  he  truly  deserved,  and  her  testimony 
to  the  authorship  of  the  ballad  cannot  be 
impeached.  If  corroboration  was  needed 
it  is,  however,  forthcoming  in  the  opera  of 

*  Semele,'  where  Congreve  puts  into  the  mouth 
of  Iris  verses  not  only  in  the  same  measure, 
but  also  with  a  similar  swing. 

Thither  Flora  the  fair 

With  her  train  must  repair, 
Her  amorous  Zephyr  attending ; 

All  her  sweets  she  must  bring 

To  continue  the  spring, 
Which  never  must  then  know  an  ending. 

Bright  Aurora,  'tis  said, 

From  her  old  lover's  bed 
No  more  the  grey  Orient  adorning, 

For  the  future  must  rise 

From  fair  Stmele's  eyes, 
And  wait  'till  she  wakes  for  the  morning.* 

According  to  Oldys  one  of  Congreve's 
diversions  was  collecting  old  ballads,!  and 
this  pursuit  was  in  all  probability  not  un- 
connected with  ballad -making.  In  '  Love 
for  Love  '  he  has  given  us  the  ballad  of 

A  sjldier  and  a  sailor 
A  tinker  and  a  tailor,  J 

and   there   is   every  reason   to   believe   that 

*  Jack  Frenchman's   Lamentation  '  was  not 
his  first   or  last   attempt   to   commemorate 
the  great  events  of  his  day  in  a  popular  style. 
In  no  fewer  than  six  ballads,  which  I  have 
found,  the  similarity  to  the  '  Lamentation  ' 
is  very  striking,  and  it  is  difficult  to  believe 
that  they  did  not  emanate  from  the  same 
bra'n. 

The  first  of  these  ballads  was  occasioned 
by  Marlborough's  victories  and  the  projected 
descent  under  Earl  Rivers  in  the  year  1706. 
Of  its  ten  verses  the  following  are  the  fifth 
and  sixth  : — 

Thus  brave  Marlborow, 
Has  completed  the  blow, 
'    As  Hochsted  can  tell  and  Ramelies  ; 
So  that  Monsieur  no  more, 
Nor  his  Maintenon-whore, 
Will  pretend  to  oppose  the  great  Allies. 


They  know  not  what's  meant 
By  a  mighty  descent, 
Nor  in  what  part  of  France  it  will  fall, 
Dunkirk,  or  Tholoun, 
Or  in  what  sun  or  moon 
'Till  at  last  there's  no  need  on't  at  all.* 
The  second  of  these  ballads  was  occasioned 
I  by  the  failure  of  the  Pretender's  expedition 
|  in  the  spring  of  1708.     Of  its  three  verses  the 
i  following  is  the  second  : — 

Would  my  count rym en  know 
How  this  comes  to  be  so, 
And  how  he  and  his  slaves  are  so  hearty  ; 
Be  ye  commons  or  lords, 
In  a  few  honest  words, 
'Tis  explained  they  are  all  of  a  party  ; 
And  tho'  poor  as  rats, 
Without  coin  or  estates, 
Only  what  the  Most-Christian  will  spare, 
They  unite  against  the  foe, 
Oh  !  let  us  but  do  so, 
Ye  jolly  bold  Britains  then  then 
Then  let  them  come  if  they  dare.f 
The  third  of  the  ballads  is,  like  the  'Lamenta- 
tion,' on  the  Battle  of  Oudenarde  and  evidently 
a  by-product  of  the  '  Lamentation's '  author. 
Of  its  twelve  verses  the  following  is  the  sixth:— 
'Twas  an  hundred  to  one 
On  the  swift-heel'd  Bourbon, 
And  Berry  that  is  so  slender, 
By  Hanover  pres't, 
Outstretch' d  all  the  rest, 
Save  only  the  nimble  Pretender.:}: 
The  fourth  of  the  ballads  is  one  that  was 
added  as  well  as  the  *  Lamentation  '  to  Swift's 
verse  by  Sir  Walter  Scott.     On  the  ground 
that  it  was  found  "  in    manuscript    in    the 
Dean's  handwriting,"  Scott   entertained  no 
j  doubt  that  Swift  was  the  author,   but   he 
!  did  not  place  his  reliance  on  a  firm  founda- 
tion,  for  research  has  shown   cases   where 
Swift  made  copies  of  verses  in  the  compo- 
sition of  which  he  had  no  part.     It  is  also 
possible,  from    an  instance  of  the  kind  in 
the  course  of  Swift's  friendship  with  Prior, 
that   Swift  may  have  supplied  the  theme 
and  Congreve  the  verse.      The  ballad  con- 
cerns the   actions   and   opinions   of  the  ex- 
treme section  of  the  Whigs,  and  must  have 
been    written   in   the   year    1710.       Of   its 
I  thirteen  verses  the  following  is  the  fourth  : — 
For  no  soil  can  suit 
With  every  fruit 
Even  so,  Sir,  it  is  with  religion  ; 
The  best  Church  by  far 
Is  what  grows  where  you  are, 
Were  it  Mahomet's  ass  or  his  pigeon.§ 


*  Congreve's  '  Works,'  Lond.,  1710,  ii.  806. 

t   '  Life  of  Congreve,'  by  Edmund  Gosse,  p.  179. 

J  Congreve's  '  Works,'  i.  427. 


*   Brit.  Mus.,  839  m.  23  (3). 

t  '  Wit  and  Mirth  or  Pills  to  Purge  Melan- 
choly,' i.  (Lond.,  1719)  224.  It  is  also  to  be  found 
in  '  The  Whimsical  Medley,'  where  it  is  said  to  be 
"  to  an  old  tune,  viz.,  Let  the  trustees  be  damned 
with  their  gains." 

J   Brit.  Aius.,  1876f.  1  (43). 

§   Swift's  '  Poems,'  ed.  W.  Browning,  ii.  144. 


i2s.  vm.  Anui,ie,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


The  fifth  of  the  ballads  was  occasioned  by 
Guiscard's  attack  on  the  Earl  of  Oxford  in 
the  spring  of  1711.  Of  its  eight  verses 
the  following  is  the  first  : — 

When  Lewis  the  Great 

Had  heard  of  the  fate 
Of  Guiscard,  his  booted  apostle  ; 

Not  Scarron's  delight, 

His  Maintenon  bright, 
Could  allay  in  his  breast  the  fierce  bustle.* 

The  sixth  and  last  of  the  ballads  is  one  I 
on  the  Peace,  which  must  have  been  com-  i 
posed  in  the  early  months  of  the  year  1713.  i 
It  seems  to  have  rivalled  in  popularity  > 
the  '  Lamentation,'  for,  like  the  latter,  it 
was  translated  into  Latin.  Of  its  six  i 
verses  the  following  is  the  last  :— 

With  safety  you  now 
The  ocean  may  plow, 

Since  to  Philip  you've  yielded  all  Spain  ; 
Go  trade  where  you  please, 
My  lords  of  the  seas, 

He'll  assist  you  to  bring  home  your  gain  ; ' 
'Tis  Robin  that  says  it,  and  that  may  suffice, 
I  hope  that  my  Robin  doth  tell  me  no  lies.f 

F.  ELBINGTON  BALL. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE 
ARCHIVES. 

(See  ante,  pp.  23,  45,  66,  83,  124,  146, 
181,  223,  241,  262,  284.) 

THE  EXPULSION  OF  MASTER  WILLIAM  BOTT  ; 
FROM  THE  STRATFORD  CHAMBER. 

SQUIRE    CLOPTON'S    agent,    William    Bott, 
who  had  removed  from  Snitterfield  to  New ! 
Place  and  obta'ned  a  seat  among  the  Alder- 1 
men  of  the  Borough,  won  an  evil  reputation  i 
in  Stratford.     He  claimed 

"  estimation  among  his  fellows,  as  a  liege  subject 
of  the   Queen  within  the    counties    of    Stafford,  | 
Warwick,    Worcester    and    Northampton,    filling ' 
divers  creditable  and  lucrative  offices  within  the 
same  "  ; 

but  he  quickly  lost  caste.     The  old  Town 
Clerk,    in    his    blunt    fashion,    called    him  i 
"  dishonest.  "      One  Sunday  in  the  autumn 
of  1563  (Oct.  24)  Bott  met  Roland  Wheeler  i 
at  the  Swan  Inn  and  used  some  hard  words. ! 
"Art   thou   there?"    he   cried   with   great 
vehemence.     "  I  will  lay  thee  fast   by  the 
heels,  for  thou  art  a  villain  and  a   rogue." 
This  threat  to  put  him  in  the  stocks  Wheeler 
rebutted  with  a  similar  charge  and  threat : 


*  Brit.  Mus.,  1346  g.  2  (32). 

1  The  Whimsical  Medley.'      It    contains  the 
Latin  version  as  well  as  the  English. 


"  Such  good  rewards  thou  dost  recompence 
them  that  have  taken  thy  part,  but  before 
thou  shalt  prove  me  a  rogue  I  do  trust  to  see 
thee  set  upon  the  pillory."  The  stocks  were 
outside  the  gaol  in  High  Street ;  the  pillory 
was  at  the  Market  Cross. 

Squire  Clopton  complained  bitterly  of  his 
servant.  When  he  Went  abroad  with  his 
wife,  some  time  after  the  baptism  of  their 
daughter  Margaret  on  Sept.  30,  1563, 
having  sold  New  Place  to  Bott,  the  latter 
took  advantage  of  his  absence  to  withhold 
his  rents,  burden  his  tenants,  and  even 
to  forge  a  deed  relating  to  his  property. 
He  "  oppressed  divers  poor  men,"  it  was 
said,  "  and  took  away  their  cattle,"  so  that 
they  appealed  "  to  one  Master  Underbill,  a 
man  of  law,  a  very  good  man  dwelling  near 
by,"  desiring  his  help  "  for  God's  sake  "  as 
they  were  utterly  undone.  This  was  William 
Underhill  of  Idlicote,  younger  son  of  the 
late  Edward  Underhill,  of  Eatington,  and 
cousin  of  Edward  Underhill,  the  "  hot 
gospeller "  and  Bishop  Hosper's  "  cham- 
pion." He  took  the  matter  in  hand  and 
became  known  as  the  poor  man's  friend. 

Bott  also  got  into  trouble  with  the  Strat- 
ford Chamber,  speaking  evil  words  of  the 
Bailiff,  good  Richard  Hill,  and  declaring 
that  there  was  not  an  honest  man  in  the 
Council.  They  sent  for  him,  and  he  declined 
to  come.  Accordingly,  on  May  9,  1565,  it 
Was  resolved : — 

"  that  forasmuch  as  William  Bott  one  of  the 
Aldermen,  by  report  of  credible  persons,  hath 
given  such  opprobrious  words  he  is  not  worthy 
henceforth  to  be  of  the  Council,  he  is  expulsed." 

With  peculiar  satisfaction  Symons  must 
have  penned  this  order  in  his  picturesque 
Gothic  hand,  concluding  with  the  words : — 
"  and  to  this  agreement  the  Bailiff,  Aldermen  and 
Burgesses  hereunto  have  subscribed  their  names 
and  set  their  marks.': 

But  signatures  and  marks,  if  they  were 
appended,  are  lost,  and  We  have  not  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  once  more  the  glover's 
compasses  of  John  Shakespeare,  who  was 
present,  highest  but  one  on  the  list  of 
Burgesses  attending. 

On  June  18,  two  days  before  Bretch- 
girdle  made  his  will  at  the  Vicar's  House  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Chapel  lane,  Richard 
Spooner,  painter  and  decorator,  living  next 
door  but  one  to  New  Place,  enraged  Master 
Bott  by  removing  from  his  premises  certain 
pieces  of  timber  to  which  he  thought  himself 
entitled.  They  were  lying  squared  and 
sawn  in  Bott's  close,  called  the  Barnyard 
adjoining  New  Place  garden,  and  had  been 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.vm. APRIL ie,  1921. 


purchased  by  Spooner  from  Francis  Bott. 
Such  was  Spooner's  declaration.  Bott  main- 
tained that  Spooner  stole  them. 

On  July  4,  while  the  town  was  mourning 
the  death  of  the  Vicar,  John  Shakespeare; 
was   elected   an  Alderman  in   Bott's  room.  | 
The   election   lay   with   the   Bailiff,   Master 
Richard  Hill,  and  his  brother  Aldermen,  of: 
whom  all  were  present  save  John  Jeffreys. ! 
The  late  Chamberlain  thoroughly  deserved! 
his     promotion.     The    same    day     Gilbert! 
Bradley,  the    glover    (John    Shakespeare's 
fellow-craftsman   and   neighbour  in  Henley 
Street),   and  Nicholas   Barnhurst   of   Sheep 
Street   (husband   of  Adrian   Quyny's    step-  i 
daughter),  were  appointed  by  the  Council , 
Principal  Burgesses.     The  three  men  took  j 
their   oaths   on   Sept.    12.     From  that   day. 
John  Shakespeare  was  Master  John  Shake- 
speare among  his  fellow-townsmen. 

EDGAR   I.   FRIPP. 


"BRITISHER"  v.  "BRITON." 

THE  'N.E.D.'  in  1888  described  "Britisher" 
as  apparently  of  U.S.  origin,  and  chiefly 
used  by,  or  attributed  to,  Americans. 
But  since  that  date  it  has  insinuated  itself 
into  the  current  speech  of  this  country ; 
and  now  appears  in  the  perorations  of 
politicians,  in  sermons,  popular  lectures, 
plays,  and  in  many  places  where  men  and 
women  are  gathered  together.  Some  honour- 
able protests  have  been  made  against  this 
foreign  importation — notably  those  of  Dr. 
Marie  Stopes  and  of  The  Saturday  Review  ; 
and  the  masters  of  our  tongue  generally 
avoid  it  unless  the  exigencies  of  the  narra- 
tive forgive  its  presence.  But  although  it 
may  be  inevitable  that  citizens  of  the  vast 
Republic  across  the  Atlantic  should  often 
describe  Britons  as  Britishers ;  and  that 
the  great  daughter  Dominions  of  the 
British  Commonwealth  overseas  should 
follow  the  lead  of  the  United  States  in  this 
matter — their  practice  does  not  excuse  the 
inhabitants  of  Great  Britain  from  thus 
styling  one  another.  Yet  were  the  turbu- 
lent sister  isle,  in  her  age-long  fight  against 
geography,  to  call  us  by  no  worse  name 
we  should,  no  doubt,  be  truly  grateful. 

Captain  Marryat  in  '  The  Naval  Officer, 
or  Scenes  and  Adventures  in  the  Life 
of  Frank  Mildmay  '  (1829),  has: — "  Are 
we  going  to  be  bullied  by  these  .  .  . 
Britishers  ?  "  But  it  is  an  American  mate 


who  speaks.  And  Dr.  J.  H.  Newman  uses 
the  word  in  a  special  sense  when  he  says, 
in  the  fifth  chapter  of  '  The  Office  and 
Work  of  Universities  '  (1856)  :— 

"  And  it  is  as  reasonable  to  expect  students, 
though  we  [the  Catholic  University  at  Dublin] 
have  no  charter  from  the  State,  provided  we  hold 
out  the  inducement  of  good  teachers,  as  to 
expect  a  crowd  of  Britishers,  Yankees,  Spaniards, 
and  Chinamen  at  the  diggings,  though  there  are 
no  degrees  for  the  successful  use  of  the  pickaxe, 
sieve,  and  shovel." 

a  quotation  not  included  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 
Again,  The  Spectator  of  Nov.  14,  1868,  says  :— 

"  Mr.  Reverdy  Johnson  .  .  .  was  so  compli- 
mentary to  England  .  .  .  and  to  Britisher 
institutions." 

And  in  like  manner  Charles  J.  Mathews 
the  younger,  speaking  at  the  Sir  Walter 
Scott  Centenary  Dinner,  given  at  the  St. 
James's  Club  House,  Montreal,  in  1871, 
said  : — 

"  Here  we  are  all  '  Britishers  '  ;  and  after  all 
the  works  of  the  great  man  whose  centenary  we 
celebrate  are  in  reality  cosmopolitan." 

('Life,'  by  Charles  Dickens,  vol.  ii.,  p.  312.) 
— -President  Poincare  has  told  us  how 
the  Germans  burned  his  cherished  copies 
of  Scott  when  they  destroyed  his  country 
house  in  the  Great  War. — The  above  are, 
perhaps,  excusable  uses  of  the  word  ;  but 
it  is  an  ugly  and  unnecessary  word  none 
the  less. 

Jl.   L.    Stevenson    in  the   '  New  Arabian 

Nights'     (1884)     has: — "His     tweed     suit. 

.    identified  him  as  a  Britisher."      But 

in    1879,   T.   E.    C.    Leslie   had   declared  in 

The  Academy,  that 

"  even  tawdry  rhetoric  is  venial  compared  with 
the  sin  of  using  such  an  odious  vulgarism  as  the 
word  Britisher  for  Englishman  or  Briton." 

Prof.  E.  A.  Freeman,  however,  who 
thought  the  word  arose  during  the  War  of 
Independence,  when  the  opposing  forces 
were  known  as  American  and  British,  and 
Britisher  was  the  natural  substantive  from 
the  latter,  says  in  his  '  Impressions  of  the 
United  States'  (1883):— 

''  I  always  told  my  American  friends  that  I  had 

rather  be  called  a  Britisher  than  an  Englishman, 

if  by  calling  me  an  Englishman   they   meant  to 

|  imply  that  they  were  not  Englishmen  themselves." 

It  is  meet  and  right  to  acknowledge  hospi- 
tality in  such  fair  words  as  we  can  compass, 
and  every  reasonable  Englishman  ardently 
desires  to  live  in  amity  and  fellowship  with 
the  citizens  of  the  United  States  ;  but  here 
Freeman  confuses  English-speaking  people 


i2s. VIIL APRIL™, mi.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


with  those  of  English  blood.  The  vast 
population  of  the  great  Republic  comprises 
descendants  not  only  of  the  British  but  of 
most  of  the  races  under  Heaven — as  Presi- 
dents Wilson  and  Harding  would  testify. 
The  Pilgrim  Fathers  cannot  be  held  respon- 
sible for  over  a  hundred  millions  of  people. 
Elsewhere  ('Historical  Essays,'  i.  325; 
1886)  Freeman  says  : — 

"It  is  perhaps  worth  noting  that  seven  years 
ago  I  looked  on  these  ugly  and  needless  words — 
viz.,  '  proclivities,'  '  reliable,'  and  the  like — as 
Americanisms  (1871)." 

What  is  wrong  with  the  time-honoured 
word  "  Briton  "  ?  Is  it  poetical  ?  It  need 
be  none  the  worse  for  that  in  a  country 
which  has  produced  more  poets  than  has 
any  other  modern  nation ;  and  certainly 
no  one  will  accuse  "  Britisher "  of  being 
poetical  !  If  we  must  generally  avoid  the 
terms  "  English  "  and  "  Englishman  "  for 
fear  of  offending  the  susceptibilities  of  the 
sister  kingdoms,  the  gallant  little  Princi- 
pality, and  the  great  Dominions  overseas — 
although  in  times  of  stress  the  predominant 
partner  has  still  to  pay  the  more  part  of 
the  bill  in  blood  and  gold — yet  the  term 
Britons  would  connote  all  these  races.  And 
as  long  ago  as  1547,  J.  Harrison  wrote 
(<  Exhort :  Scottes  ' ) : — "  When  these  hateful 
termes  of  Scottes  and  Englishemen,  shall  be 
abolisshed,  and  blotted  oute  for  ever,  and 
we  shall  al  agre  in  the  onely  title  and  name 
of  Britons."  Dryden  in  1679  writes : — 
"  See,  my  loved  Britons,  see  your  Shake- 
speare rise  "  ;  Thomson  in  1740,  "  Britons 
never  will  be  slaves  "  ;  King  George  III. 
in  1760  gloried  in  the  name  of  Briton — • 
and  if  he  did  not  spell  it  correctly,  he 
certainly  never  wrote  it  "  Britisher  "  ;  Sir 
John  Moore  sleeps  "  in  the  grave  where  a 
Briton  has  laid  him"  ;  and  in  1886  Tennyson 
cried,  "  Britons,  hold  your  own  !  " 

Let  us  follow  Tennyson,  and  leave  the 
term  Britisher  to  other  people.  If  it  be 
true  that  every  Englishman  is  an  island,  he 
has  at  any  rate  carried  the  soil  of  his  country 
on  the  sole  of  his  shoe  into  every  quarter 
of  the  globe  ;  and  such  an  insularity  as  this 
has  not  always  been  an  evil.  His  language 
has,  perforce,  ever  been  a  hospitable  one 
in  the  acquisition  and  adoption  of  new 
forms  and  foreign  terms  ;  but  there  must 
be  a  limit  to  the  dilution  of  the  King's 
speech  by  jargon — especially  in  such  a 
case  as  that  of  "  Britisher,"  where  an  ugly 
and  unnecessarv  word  is  substituted  for  a 


better  one. 


A.  R.  BAYMJY. 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAMBERLAINS'^ 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

i        1625-1649. 
(See  ante,   pp.   163,  2245  265.) 

IN  the  Moot  Hall  is  an  interesting  Letter 
Book,  1625-1668,  but  unfortunately  neither 
the  letter  carried  by  Thomas  Insent  on  the 
21st  of  January  "  in  answer  to  the  Lords,"  nor 
the  "Lords'  letter"  is  recorded. 

The  item  for  "  beere  fore  the  men  when  the 
Dunkerk  came  to  the  heeth  for  carryeing  of 
things  too  and  againe"  suggests  that  the 
Dunkirkers  actually  landed  at  the  south  of 
the  town,  beyond  Slaughden,  at  a  place  called 
Catmore's  Heath,  and  that  men  were  employed 
to  carry  ammunition,  &c.,  to  the  men  defend- 
ing ;  or  perhaps  the  invaders  had  only  done 
what  they  had  previously  accomplished,  viz., 
reached  "  within  muskett  shott "  of  the  town. 

16  PAYMENTS.   26 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  spent  the  3th 
of  January  at  the  Venison  feast  the 
som  of  . .  . .  . .  . .  01  09  00 

more  paid  the  same  day  for  5  ghest 
bedes ..  . .  00  05  00 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  Comunion  wyne 
dd  at  2  severall  tymes  .  .  .  .  00  07  03 

Paid  for  procklimacons  Janvary  7th 
1625 00  02  00 

Paid  unto  Robt  Felgate  January  10  money 
wch  he  laid  out  for  a  bucket  and  for  mending 
the  irons  of  the  well  and  for  nayles .  .  0 0  02  00 

Paid  for  a  sheepskine  for  spunges  for  the 
gunner  . .  00  00  10 

Paid  for  labourers  for  carryeng  of  coynes  and 
riveing  of  a  rope  upon  the  Beakon  and 
men  for  loading  the  peeses  .  .  .  .  00  01  08 

Paid  for  sheepeskyn  to  cover  the  Bouge 
barrell . .  -. .  00  01  03 

Paid  unto  Thomas  French  January  2 1  for  the 
Marshalsies  and  mayned  souldiers  . .  00  06  08 

Paid  January  21th  to  Thomas  Insent  for  his 
journey  to  London  to  carry  an  answer  to 
the  Lords 00  10  00 

Paid  unto  the  Constables  for  carryeing  of  a 
prisoner  to  Melton  Jayle  .  .  .  .  00  08  00 

Paid  february  2  to  mr  Jeggles  of  Southould 
for  and  towards  the  charge  of  Sute  in 
petitionyng  to  the  Lords  of  the  Counsell 
for  wastage  for  Iseland  North  seas  and 
Farry,  the  some  of  . .  . .  . .  05  QO  00 

Paid  february  1  unto  mr  Thomson  Towne 
Clerke  to  pay  the  Shreefe  for  the  fee 
farme  upon  the  charter  the  sume  of  01  00  00 

more  pd  unto  him  the  same  day  to  pay  the 
Shreefe  for  the  Indentures  for  the  Bur- 
gesses    00  04  00 

Paid  february  4  unto  Benjamen  Reynolds  for 
mending  of  the  glase  windowes  of  the 
Church  00  05  06 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vni.A,..<iLi6,192i. 


for    nayles    for    the    spuiiges    for    the    Ord- 
nance . .  00  00  03  \ 

Paid  february  4  to  John  Beales  for  mending 
of     the     Church     windowes     that      were 

glased  00  01  00 

Paid  to  mr  Pitt  for  2  new  bouge  barrels     00  01  08  -. 
Paid  for  a  Calve  skyne  to  cover  the  bouge 

barrell 00  01  03  [ 

Paid  for  the  making  of  the  covers  for  the  2 
bouge  barrels ..  .  .  ..  ..      00  01  02  j 

Paid    Goodman   Priest   for    dawbing   of   the 
house  in  the  north  end         . .  . .      00  02  00  \ 

Paid   for   carryeing   of    4   barrels   of   powder 

from  mr  Walls  to  the  Towne  house . .      00  00  02 
Paid  for  nayles  for  the  pales  for  the  house 

that  the  widd  Powes  dwelleth  ene  .  .      00  00  08 
Paid  for  thatching  the  Towne  howse  where 

the  Shott  layeth 00  02  00 

Paid  for  nayles  for  the   Carpenter  and  the 

Dawber  00  00  05 

Paid  unto   John  Parker  for  an   iron  hoope 
putting  unto  the  well  bucket  where  Lioney 

Manclarke  dwelleth 00  00  04 

pd     for      a      pound     of      tallow      for      the 

Ordnance         00  00  05 

pd  for  beere  fore  the   men  when  the  Dunkerk 
came  to  the  heeth  for  carryeing  of  things 
too  and  againe  . .  .*.  .  .      00  01  04 

pd  for  pap  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      00  00  02 

pd  for  beere  that   Goodman   Pootie  paid  for 
and  for  beere  unto  the  Towne  hall  at  the 
same  time       .  .  . .  . .  . .      00  00  09 

Paid  for  beere  for  Robt  Stoker  and  Rodger 
yaxlie  and  others    when  they  cleered  the 
gun  in  the  Northende  . .  . .      00  00  08 

Paid  to  John  Urvis  for  Hs  quarters  wages  dew 
at  Candlemus  ....  ..      00  14  00 

more  to  him  the  same  tyme  for  ringine  the 

Bell 00  08  00 

To       Goodman       Pootie       for       2       ballist 
shulves  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  01  10 

Paid  unto  Francis  Chapman  for  work  done 
to  the  spunges  . .  . .  . .      00  00  11 

To   2    labourers    to    worke    a    uay    at     the 

forte . .      00  02  00  \ 

To  Thomas  Wulne  for  bringine  of  2  barrels 
of  powder  from  Slaughton    .  .  . .      00  00  04  \ 

To    Dowe     the    smith    for    £    C    of    Orlop 
nayles  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  00  I'O 

Paid  unto  a  Thorp   man  for  a  spunge  wt  a 

stafe 00  00  08 

Paid  unto  mr  Wall  March  11  1625  for  a  compt 
booke  and  that  he  paid  unto  a  poore  souldier 
and    for     proclmcons     and    to     the    widd 
Crispe  towards  the  curing  of  the  Skott  and 
for  pt   of    4    barrells    of  powder  and  the 
charge  of  the  porters  carryeing  it  downe 
and  towards  the  cokett  as  by  his  bill  doth 
a  peere  the  some  of  ..     .     ..  ..      08  17  08 

Paid  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and  dyett 
when    the    Chamberlins    gave    up    there 
acbmpt  . .  . .  . .      00  10  00 

more  to  him  at  an  other  tyme  for  wyne  and 

dyett 00  08  00 

more  to  Willm  Bardwell  the  money  that  he 
paid  to  the  man  that  brought  the  venison 
and  his  horse  meat  and  his  sup  and  brek- 

fast 00  10  00 

Paid  mr  Cheney  for  2  barrels  of  powder  and 
the  charge  as  apeere  by  his  bill  . .  10  01  06 


Paid  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  spent  on  the 
Holland  men  of  warr  *. .  . .  00  04  00 

Paid  uto  a  Colchester  man  for  a  barrell  of 
powder  March  27  ..  ..  ..  03  07  10 

Paid  to  men  for  carrying  of  things  too  and 
againe  when  the  Earle  was  in  Towne  00  01  06 

paid  to  Willm 'Page  his  wife  for  5  shott     00  01  02 

Paid  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and  dyett 
and  horse  meat  when  the  Earle  of  War- 
wick was  in  Towne..  ..  ..  06  00  00 

Paid  for  dyett  mch  20.  when  mr  Balifs  sett 
on  the  Towne  hall  to  Receive  money  00  03  06 

Paid  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  \yyne  and  dyet 
and  horsemeat  when  mr  Rivett    came    to 
Rate  £he  subsidy      . .  . .          . .      01  06  00 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 
Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 

(To  be  continued.) 


POLITICAL   VERSES    BY   CHARLES 
LAMB? 

THE  following  unsigned  verses,  which  I 
recently  lighted  upon  in  The  Morning 
Chronicle  of  November  25th,  1820,  may  be, 
I  think,  by  Charles  Lamb.  It  is  well  known 
that  Lamb  strongly  sympathized  with 
Queen  Caroline,  and  that  he  was  the  author 
of  several  productions  in  verse  which  had 
a  bearing  on  her  case.  The  lines  are  such  as 
Lamb  might  have  written  at  that  period  of 
acute  political  controversy.  They  appeared 
also  in  The  London  Moderator,  dated  Novem- 
ber 29th,  1820,  and  in  The  Weeldy  Dispatch 
of  December  3rd,  1820. 

Wellington  had  voted  (with  Liverpool, 
Clarence,  Montrose,  Newcastle,  Buckingham, 
and  the  rest  of  the  peers  who  were  on  the 
side  of  George  the  Fourth)  in  favour  of  the 
Bill  of  Pains  and  Penalties — with  which  the 
Government  dared  not  proceed,  as  the 
Lords'  majority  for  the  third  reading  was 
only  nine.  Denman  was  one  of  the  counsel 
for  the  Queen.  He  \vas  with  Brougham 
and  Dr.  Lushington.  Majocchi  was  the 
notorioiis  "  non  mi  ricordo  "  witness  : — 

LINES,    ADDRESSED    TO    THE    DUKE    OP 
WELLINGTON. 

And  is  it  to  come  to  this  ?    Must  WELLESLEY'S 

name 

Pass  from  its  pomp  a  by-word  and  a  shame  ? 
Must  the  mere  Courtier  blot  from  glory's  page 
The  Warrior's  deeds,  the  wonder  of  their  age  ? 


Was  it  for  this  you  ran  your  rapid  race, 
To  sink  at  last  in  LIVERPOOL'S  disgrace  ? 
Was  it  for  this  your  Ducal  banners  rose, 
To  share  your  equal  laurels  with  MONTROSE  ? 
With  NEWCASTLE  to  prove  your  wisdom's  zeal  ? 
With  modest  BUCKINGHAM  to  think  and  feel  ? 
And  (O  !  consummate  bliss  to  human  pride  !) 
To  sit,  and  vote  with  CLARENCE  by  your  side  ? 


i2s. viii. APRIL  IB, i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


How  shall  the  voice  of  history  justly  tell 
What  heights  you  mounted,  or  what  depths  you 

fell  ? 

How  here  Vittoria's  deathless  deeds  declare  ? 
How  execrate  the  Queen's  Oppressor  there  ? 
How  here  the  fame  of  Waterloo  relate  ? 
There  mark  Majocchi's  mean  confederate  ? 
How  reconcile  the  contrast  you  display — 
The  Hero  to  the  Minion  of  the  dav  ? 


Oh  !    if  there  yet  remain  some  generous  part — • 
Some  feeling  yet  undeaden'd  in  your  heart, 
Leave  to  the  base,    he  dastard,  and  the  bad. 
What  meet  rewards  u-om  Tyrants  may  be  had  : 
Leave  such  to  credit  all  the  varying  lies, 
Which  Knaves  can  weave  or  Royalty  devise  :* 

He  it  thine,  retir'd  from  war's  alarms, 
Xo  more  to  stain  the  triumph  of  your  arms — 
Xo  more  to  dwindle  from  your  high  career, 
By  quenching  Glory's  blaze  hi  Woman's  tear. 
Let  contrite  blushes  yet  your  fame  redeem, 
Nor  stand  of  Britain's  curse  the  branded  thsme. 

This  production  is  given  a  conspicuous 
place  in  each  of  the  three  papers.  That 
Charles  Lamb  was  the  author  is,  of  course, 
sheer  conjecture  ;  but  he  frequently  wrote 
for  The  Morning  Chronicle ;  his  political 
epigrams,  and  the  like,  were  anonymous  or 
pseudonymous  ;  they  were  written,  for  the 
most  part,  during  1820  ;  and  in  style  these 
lines  to  Wellington  seem  to  me  remarkably 
similar  to  the  verses  addressed  to  Canning, 
entitled  '  The  Unbeloved,'  which  appeared 
in  The  Champion  of  September  23rd  and  24th, 
1820,  and  are  known  to  be  by  Lamb. 

E.    G.    CLAYTON. 


RAINING  IN  THE  SUNSHINE. —  In  Thomas 
Wright's  '  Essays  on  Subjects  connected 
with  the  Literature,  Popular  Superstitions, 
and  History  of  England  in  the  Middle 
Ages,'  1846,  voL  i.,  p.  130,  we  read  :— 

"  When  it  rains  and  the  sun  shines  at  the  same 
time,  the  Normans  say  that  the  devil  is  beating 
his  wife.  We  think  we  have  heard  a  similar 
Baying  in  England." 

In  this  part,  it  is  popularly  believed  that 
one  can  behold  the  fox's  wedding  procession, 
should  he  take  up  a  flat  stone  or  tile  from 
the  ground,  spit  on  its  under  surface,  and 
gaze  on  it  while  it  is  raining  in  the  sunshine ; 
or  should  he  peep  at  such  a  rain  through 
the  loop  formed  by  peculiarly  intercrossing 
the  thumbs  and  fingers  of  his  two  hands, 
simulating,  as  it  were,  the  union  of  two  foxes' 

K  I  M  AGUSU  MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe.   Kii,  Japan. 
*&ee  Mr.  Dentnun's  ca.stigatioii  of  a  Royal  Duke. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  FREDERICK  LOCKER- 
LAMPSON. — The  Cornhill  Magazine  of 
January  and  February  last  contains  '  Re- 
collections of  Frederick  Locker-Lampson,' 
by  his  son  Oliver.  The  writer  states  of  his 
parent's  output  (p.  87)  : — 

"  How  frail  is  the  cargo  when  all  is  counted  up. 
There  is  '  Lyra  Elegantiarum,'  an  anthology  of 
other  people's  poems,  which  he  issued  early  in 
life  ;  '  Patchwork,'  a  commonplace  book,  not 
mainly  original ;  and  lastly  a  slender  booklet 
of  his  own  verse,  '  London  Lyrics.'  It  was  not 
until  after  his  death  that  his  prose  volume  of 
memoirs,  '  My  Confidences,'  appeared." 

Mr.  Oliver  Locker-Lampson  ought  to  be 
better  informed  than  I  upon  his  subject, 
but  I  have  good  reason  to  believe  that 
'  London  Lyrics '  was  his  father's  earliest 
book.  It  was  issued  in  1857.  '  Lyra 
Elegantiarum  '  did  not  come  out  till  1867. 
The  first  English  edition  was  suppressed 
because  it  contained  some  copyright  lines  by 
Landor.  '  Patchwork  '  followed  in  1879. 

'  N.  &  Q.'  may  be  useful  in  adjusting 
matters.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  SOME." — I  have  just  discovered  a  further 
justification  of  the  hackneyed  saying : — 
"  There  is  nothing  new  under  the  sun." 

During  the  last  few  years  much  use  has 
been  made  of  the  slang  expression  "  some," 
used  as  a  substitute  for  almost  any  adjective. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  word,  used 
in  this  sense,  occurs  in  Act  V.,  Scene  i.  of 
Shadwell's  'Sullen  Lovers,'  1679,  when 
Emilia  says  : — 

"  Certainly  he's  distracted.  This  is  some 
revenge." 

This  is  on  a  par  with  the  use  of  "  I  don't 
think "  in  Shakespeare. 

GWENDOLINE  GOODWIN. 

FFAIREBANCK  AND  RAWSON  FAMILIES  (con- 

tinued  from  11  S.  vi.  166,  214). — Since 
I  last  sent  you  some  entries  taken  from  a 
Breeches  Bible,  dated  1608,  I  have  been 
able  to  decipher  some  further  entries  written 
on  pages  which  had  been  gummed  together. 
These  further  entries  I  now  send  you. 

It  is  evident  from  internal  evidence  that 
this  family  of  ft'airebanck  resided  at  or  near 
Kingston-on-Thames. 

Alexander  Fairebanck  went  into  Staffordsheir 
the  16th  of  Octobr  1593  [written  in  a  later  hand 
than  the  subsequent  entries]. 

Edward  ffairebanck  and  Ellen  his  weife  were 
marryed  the  ixth  daie  of  May  1585. 

Joseph  ffairebanck  the  first  sonne  of  Edward 
ffairebanck  was  baptized  the  xxvth  daie  of 
February  1586. 

Elisander  ffairebanck  sonne  of  Edward  ffaire- 
banck was  baptized  the  last  of  January  1588. 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Elisander  ffairebanck  was  buried  the  xvtk  of 
September  1603. 

Mary  ffairebanck  daughter  of  Edw  :  ffairbanck 
was  baptized  the  xth  or  xith  of  October  1591. 

Edward  ffairebanck  died  upon  —  daie  in  the 
morning  between  4  &  5  of  the  clock,  1594, 
at  wch  time  Mr  Bretterton  (?)  of  Windespr 
preached  upon  the  viith  of  Luke  xitti  verse 
at  the  request  of  his  loving  mother. 

Ellen  Haile  late  wiefe  of  the  said  Edward 
ffairebanck  my  father  and  mother  departed  this 
Liefe  uppon  Satturdaie  the  ivth  of  March,  1611, 
betweene  ix  and  x  of  the  clock  in  the  forenoone 
and  was  buried  the  daie  following  a  stranger 
preaching  upon  the  xiith  of  the  Rom.  i  verse. 

Edward  ffairebanck  the  —  (my  uncle)  of 
Kingeston  scriptor  died  upon  Fridaie  16tb  of 
February  1615  between  4  and  5  of  the  clock 
in  thafternoone  and  was  buried  on  Sonday 
following  the  18th  of  the  same  at  his  fun'all 
Mr  Becket  vicar  of  Kingeston  preached  upon 
the  ixth  of  Hebrues  the  last  verse. 

ERSKINE  E.   WEST. 

Shoyswell,  Highfield  Road,  Dublin. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


THE  DEATH  OF  WILLIAM  RUFUS. — Can 
any  reader  give  me  chapter  and  verse  relating 
to  the  tradition  of  William  Rufus's  death 
in  the  New  Forest  ?  I  am  anxious  to  re- 
examine  the  evidence  for  this  having  taken 
place  at  the  spot  now  pointed  out.  References 
to  first-hand  authorities  only,  or  to  concise 
summaries  with  references,  are  required. 
O.  G.  S.  CRAWFORD. 

Ordnance  Survey  Office,  Southampton. 

BANQUO. — What  was  the  nationality  of 
this  thane,  who,  according  to  the  Shake- 
speare drama,  was  in  the  line  of  succession 
to  the  Crown  on  Duncan's  death  ?  Hollinshed 
spells  the  name  Banqu-ho,  but  does  not 
thereby  throw  more  light  on  the  point.  The 
termination  '  o  '  is  as  rare  in  Scotland  as  it 
is  common  in  Cornwall,  both  to  names  and 
places.  But  whereas  Thurso  in  Scotland 
and  Tromsoe  in  Norway  alike  connect  the 
place  with  an  island,  Truro  in  the  south 
would  hardly  be  so  described.  Does  any 
trace  of  Banquo's  name  or  of  his  son's, 
Fleance,  remain  in  Scotland,  unless  by  some 
miracle  '  Banchory '  on  the  Don  may  be 
associated  with  Macbeth' s  rival  and  victim  ? 

L.  G.  R. 

Bournemouth. 


JOHN  PYM  (The  Parliamentary  States- 
man).— Can  any  correspondent  say  if  he 
ever  lived  at  Little  Wymondley  House, 
near  Stevenage,  the  present  owner  having 
been  told  that  Pym  once  lived  in  it  ? 

E.  E.  LEGGATT. 

62,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

CAREW  FAMILY  OF  BEDDINGTON,  SURREY, 
BART. — I  should  be  very  grateful  if  any  one 
could  tell  me  the  name  of  the  family  repre- 
sented in  the  fourth  quartering  in  the  small 
book-plate  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  Bart., 
of  Beddington,  Surrey,  namely,  Quarterly, 
sable  and  argent.  LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell,  Surrey. 

PATRICIUS  WALKER  :  "  JUAN  DE  VEGA." — 
Can  any  reader   tell  me     anything  of  the 
i  following  : — 

1.  Patricius  Walker,  aiithor  of  a  book  of 
'  Rambles,'  published    by    Longman,   1873, 
containing  some  interesting  notes  on  Cobbctt, 
Barnes,  Gilpiri,   &c. 

2.  "An  English  Gentleman,"  who  adopted 
the  name  of  Juan  de  Vega  and  the  dress  of  a 
Spanish  minstrel,  and  toured  with  a  guitar 
the  towns  of  Southern  England  and  Ireland 

I  in   1828-9.     His  Journal  was  published  by 
|  Simpkin  Marshall  in  1830  in  two  volumes. 

PRESCOTT  Row. 

"  WARE  THE  BAG." — In  the  14th  Report , 
Part  IV.,  of  the  Historical  Manuscripts 
Commission,  1894,  the  manuscripts  of  Lord 
Kenyon  are  dealt  with,  and  at  No.  1 195,  June 
14th,  1725,  there  is  an  extract  from  a  letter, 
dated  from  Leigh,  to  George  Kenyon  from 
i  Thomas  Gelly brand,  in  which  he  says :- — 

"  I  make  bould  to  retorn  you  thanks  for  your 

former   kiimess   to   me   and  my  poor  wife,   who 

continus  in  a  wacke   condishen,   in  so  much  that 

she  is  not  abell  to  help  her  selef,  without  one  or 

j  two  to  help  her,  and  the  town  will  not  do  nothing 

i  towards  her  relife,  unless  she  and  I  will  ware  the 

bag,  which  she  is  unwilling." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  "  ware  the  bag  "  ? 
!  Is  it  a  misspelling  of  "  badge,"  as  the  letter 
|  is  clearly  from  an  illiterate  person.  If  this 
is  so  it  will  prove  an  extended  answer 
to  your  correspondents  at  12  S.  vi.  230 
and  301,  where  "  Parish  mark  "  is  discussed, 
the  former  dealing  with  a  Somerset  Book 
of  Workhouse  Accounts  in  which  doles 
are  recorded  to  persons  if  they  will  wear 
the  mark,  or  parish  mark,  and  the  latter 
with  extracts  from  a  William  and  Mary 
Statute  which  compels  persons  in  receipt 
of  parish  relief  to  wear  a  badge. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


i2s.Yiii.AP«iLi8,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  309 


OLD  GENEALOGIES.  —  Are  any  of  these  THE  YEAR'S  BOUND  OF  CHILDREN'S 

published  in  book  form  ?  GAMES.—  I  remember  reading  some  years 

Is  there  any  complete  index  of  pedigrees  ago  that  children's  games  follow  a  regular 

in  the  Harleian  Society's  Visitations,  i.e.,  an  system  month  by  month,  the  suggestion 

index  volume  of  the  series  ?  being  that  they  are  thus  a  survival  of  an 

Is  Padworth's  '  Ordinary  '  or  Berry's  old  pagan  cult.  Can  any  of  your  readers 

'  Encyclopedia  '  the  best  for  identification  enlighten  me  or  give  a  reference  to  where 

of  coats  of  arms  ?  E  E  COPE  *^s  *s  discussed  ?  I  remember  reading  as 

Pinchampstead,    Berks.  a  ^  '  The    Child's  °W1\  Book  of   P°ety  ' 

and    there    a  sequence  of  games  is  alluded 

ENGRAVING  ON  SNUFF-BOX  LID.—  I  shall   to  '>  bllt  the  book  has  long  since  gone.     Cer- 
be  verv  much  obliged  if  any    reader    can  I  tainly  toPs  are  always  the  8ame  in  February, 
and   kindly   will   help   me   to   identify   the   as  I  again  notl>d  **&***?  on  a.  journey 
building  represented  on  the  lid  of  a  silver-    covering  some  600  miles 
gilt    snuff-box    in    my    possession.     It    is  b.  Jr.  1.  KRIDEAUX. 

very  like  the  river-front  of  Chelsea  Hospital,       st-  Boniface  College,    Wai-minster. 
but  that  has  not,  and,  as  far  as  I  can  find 

out,  never  has  had,  pediments  and  columns  TRIBAL  HIDAGES.—  Will  the  writer  of  the 
on  the  ends  of  the  two  wings.  Also  the  note  on  the  Province  of  Sonnmg,  at  12  S. 
upper  storey  windows  in  the  main  front  are,  vii-  401'  Mr-  J-  BROWNBILL,  or  some  other 
in  the  Royal  Hospital,  higher  than  in  the  student  of  this  subject,  kindly  supply 
engraving,  and  there  is  none  of  the  parapet  me  with  references  to  critical  papers  or 
which,  in  the  representation,  runs  along  books  dealing  with  the  Tribal  Hidages,  other 
the  whole  top  of  the  building  and  the  wings,  thai*  Maitland'js  '  Domesday  and  Beyond  ' 
hiding  from  view  all  the  roof  except  the  anc*  Corbett's  paper  in  Trans.  Royal  His- 
chimneys.  toric.  Soc.,  1900.  ^  WILLIAMSON. 

Another  fact  which  seems  to  prove  that,        Museum  and  Art  Gallery,  Derby. 
in  spite  of  a  great  similarity,  it  cannot  be 

the  Royal  Hospital,  Chelsea,'  is  that  on  the  (      A     SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY     COMPASS.-— 

bottom^  of  the  box  is  engraved  the  following  I   have   an   old   flat   compass     bearing   the 

*t  of  "  Trustees  and  Governors  ":—  inscription      "  Henricus     Sutton,      Londini, 

TRUSTEES.  1661  "   (which,  by  the  way,  appears  to  be 

Mr.  C.  II.  Clifford.  Mr.  L.  Pugh.  j  ^  accurate  as  when  ^  first  left  the  maker's 

„    A.  IT.  Tumor.  „    G.  Shepherd.  i  Sn°P  0- 

,,    M.  Wallace.  ,.    T.  Reynolds.  The   curious   thing  about   it,   however,   is 

GOVERNORS  ihat  "  West  "  and  the  variations  are  shown 

on   the   right    of    "  North  "    and    "  South,  " 


T.  Clench. 
G.  Edwards. 
J.  Thompson. 

H.  CulHngford. 


•  ?/      i  that  is,  ithe  East,  and  ^e  rersa. 


J.  Partridge.  Can    any    reader    explain    this    apparent 

W.  Harris.  lapse  on  Mr.  Slit-ton's  part  ? 

W.  Tayler.  ELSIE  GERMAN. 

F.  M^rritt  52'  St"  Charles  S<*uare'  North  Kensington,  W.  1  0. 


Mr.  D.  Pattle.  THE  MERMAID  AT  HER  TOILET.—  Included 

1  am  informed  by  the  kindness  of  Major-  :among    illustrations     of    Mr.    Percival    D. 
General   W.   D.    Bird,   C.B.,    &c.,    &c.,   the  |  Griffiths's  collection  of  Old  English  needle- 
leut.-Governor  of  Chelsea  Royal  Hospital,  j  work,  given  in  The  Connoisseur  for  March, 
that  the  governing  body  of  that  hospital  has   is   one   of  a  mirror,  lately   on   loan   at   the 
always  consisted  of.  'Commissioners"  and  j  London   Museum,  and   bearing   date    1672. 
Here  are  no   "Trustees"   specifically   Tne  frame,  which  is  of  needlework,  has  at 
>d  ;     also  that    none    of    the    above  its  base  a  representation  of  a  mermaid  at 
5s  is  to   be  found   among  the  records  !  her  toilet,  bearing  in  the  right  hand  a  mirror 
of  the  Royal  Hospital.  j  and  in  the  left  a  comb.     She  is  floating  on  the 

snutt-box,  which  is  a  very  beautiful  j  sea,  and  surrounded  by  coral  islands.     What 
•    of    silversmith's    craftsmanship,    was  j  are  the  earliest   date  and    origin    of    this 
nade  in  Birmingham  in   1851,  but  I  have:  figure,  so  employed  ? 

been   able   to   discover   who    was   the  J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

lnaker-  R.  S.  101  Piccadillv. 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [  12 s.vm. ^0.46,1921. 


BLACK  CAT  SUPERSTITION. — What  is  the  j 
origin  of  the  superstition  that  a  black  cat < 
brings  good  luck  ?  I  shall  be  glad  of  any  j 
references  to  books  giving  it,  or  back  j 
numbers  of  'N.  &  Q.,'  as  I  can  obtain  access  j 
to  them  in  my  vicinity.  I  have  searched  j 
Dr.  Brewer's  handbooks  without  succsss. 

A.  K.  T. 

[At  10  S.  iv.  505;  viii.  227,  will  be  found  notes 
on  the  luckiness  of  a  black  cat.  At  7  S.  viii.  464, 
is  a  brief  mention  of  a  white  cat  being  unlucky.] 

REGATTAS. — In    '  Venice,'     by     Poinpeo  } 
Molmenti,  translated  by  Horatio  F.  Brown, 
(1908)    Part  III.,  vol.  i.,  p.  110,  it  is  stated  ; 
that 

"  to  ingratiate  herself  with  England,  which  was  ; 
beginning  to  make  her  influence  felt  in  Italy,  the 
Republic  [of  Venice],  in  June  of    1764,  bestowed 
great  honours    on    Edward   Augustus,    Duke  of  j 
York,  who  attended  the  most    splendid   regatta  j 
which  was  given  in  that  century." 

Eleven    years    afterwards,    on    June    23,  j 
1775,  according  to    Toone's  '  Chronological 
Historian,'  ii.  260, 

"  an   entertainment,    called  a   regatta,    borrowed": 
from  the  Venetians,  was  exhibited  on  the  Thames  i 
and   at    Ranelagh    gardens,    and,    being    a   new 
amusement   in   this    country?  attracted   a    great 
assemblage  of  persons." 

The  Italian  word  is  "  regata,"  not  regatta. 
Is  it  an  abbreviated  form  of  '  remigata,'  now 
more  usually  abbreviated  into  the  form 
"  remata,'2  derived  from  the  Latin  "  remi- 
gatio  "?  JOHN  B.  WAINE  WRIGHT. 

"  Sm  RODERICK  SPENS." — I  am  de- 
sirous of  finding  out  in  what  work  the 
character  "  Sir  Roderick  Spens "  appears 
and  also  who  was  the  author  of  this  work. 

Is  there  any  reference  book  published 
which  would  give  the  names  of  literary 
characters  and  the  works  in  which  they 
occurred  ?  J.  M.  SOUTHERN. 

St.  Margarets,  Marine  Parade,  Tankerton,  Kent. 

[Our  correspondent  might  find  Brewer's 
*  Reader's  Handbook  '  generally  useful.  "  Sir 
Roderick  Spens  "  is  not,  however,  mentioned 
there.  Could  the  name,  where  it  occurs,  be,  by 
any  chance,  a  clerical  error  for  "  Sir  Patrick 
Spens  "  ?] 

OLD  LONDON  :  THE  CLOTH  FAIR. — In  the 
year  1606,  a  book  was  printed  in  London 
"  by  Simon  Stafford,  dwelling  in  the  Cloth- 
Fayre,  at  the  sign  of  the  Three  Crownes." 
In  what  part  of  town  was  the  Cloth  Fair  ? 

G.  B.  M. 

The  Lodge,  Laleham  Road,  Cliftonville,  Margate. 

[The  Cloth  Fair  is  in  West  Smithfield.  A  short 
account  of  its  history  will  be  found  in  Wheatley's 
'  London  Past  and  Present.'] 


FOUR-BOTTLE  MEN.—  Some  of  our  fore- 
fathers took  a  certain  pride  in  being  "four- 
bottle  men " — able  to  drink  four  bottles  of 
port  at  a  sitting  and  to  walk  away  after  it. 
Can  anyone  say  how  much,  in  comparison 
with  the  modern  bottle  of  port,  the  eighteenth 
and  early  nineteenth  century  bottle  of  port 
contained  ?  MEDINEWS. 

SOURCE   or  LINES  WANTED. — I  recently 
received    from    a    correspondent    living    in 
S.E.  London  the  following  lines  said  to  be 
Well  known  and  traditional  there  : — 
*'  A  loaf  of  bread  to  feed  the  Pope, 

A  penn'orth  of  cheese  to  choke  him, 
A  pint  of  beer  to  wash  it  down, 

And  a  jolly  good  fire  to  roast  him." 

Are  these  well-known  lines  ?  Are  there 
variants  which  yield  truer  rhymes  ?  In 
what  counties  are  they  known  ? 

THURSTAN  MATTHEWS. 

27,  John  Dalton  Street,  Manchester. 

[There  can  hardly  fail  to  be  a  version  ending: — 
"  A  jolly  good  fire  to  smoke  him."] 

DICKSON,  BOOKSELLER,  EDINBURGH. — I 
seek  the  name  of  the  parents  of  James 
Dickson,  who  was  a  bookseller  in  Edinburgh 
in  1789.  He  was  one  of  the  gentlemen 
appointed  to  receive  subscriptions  to  the 
fund  for  the  erection  of  New  Buildings 
for  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

DRURY  AND  CASTLE. — Major  Robert 
Drury,  Will  P.C.C.  113  Guy,  made  at 
Waterford  15  Sep.,  1650,  confirming  the 
disposal  of  his  estate  in  Ireland.  Formerly 
Governor  of  Dungarvine,  Co.  Waterford. 
Mentions  brother  Robert  ^Drury,  his  son 
Castle  Drury  then  under  age',  wife  Elizabeth, 
executrix. 

Castle  Drury,  under  age  in  1650,  after- 
wards of  Oxford,  admin,  of  goods  granted 
to  relict  Anne  in  P.C.C.,  16  Feb.,  1720/1. 
M.L.  (Faculty  Office,  1632-1714).  Jan.  7, 
1683/4,  Castle  Drury  and  Ann  Leech. 

John  Castell  of  Glatton,  Hamts,  Esq., 
will  dated  1657— proved  P.C.C.,  1658  ; 
leaves  £5  to  Castell  Drury,  when  21  years 
of  age. 

Richard  Castell,  of  St.  Michael's,  Cornhill, 
London,  Citizen  and  Woolman,  Will  dated 
1658,  proved  P.C.C. ,  1659  ;  leaves  £5  to 
"  Cousin  Master  William  Drury." 

Any  further  information  on  this  Drury 
connexion  would  be  much  appreciated. 

H.  C.  DRURY. 

48,  Fitzwilliam  Square,  Dtiblin. 


i2s.vni.ApRiLi6,io2i.j       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


THE  HABEAS  CORPUS  ACT. — What  is  the 
origin  or  reputed  authority  of  the  story  that 
the  third  reading  of  this  Bill  by  the  House 
of  Lords  was  carried  by  one  peer  counted  as 
ten  ?  The  'Encycl.  Brit.'  mentions  it, 
but  without  endorsing  it.  Green,  Bryce,  and 
Gardiner  make  no  reference  to  it.  Luttrell 
and  Evelyn  are  silent  and  Pepys's  'Diary' 
concludes  ten  years  before  the  passing  of 
the  Bill.  Has  the  "  tenfold  peer,"  if  he  ever 
existed,  been  identified  ?  L.  G.  R. 

Bournemouth. 

KATHARINE  TUDOR  or  BERAIN. — On  p.  278 
of  Cox's  *  Annals  of  St.  Helens,  Bishopsgate,' 
it  is  stated  that  Katharine  Tudor  (or  Berain), 
who  married  Sir  Thos.  Gresham's  factor, 
Richard  Clough,  in  1567,  was  a  great-grand- 
daughter of  Henry  VII.  Through  whom 
was  she  descended  ?  W.  R.  DA  VIES. 

Kingsclear,  Camberley,   Surrey. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — I  read  that  in  1509  an 
author  wrote  of  the  book  collector  : — 


-  In  my  conceyt,  and  to  have  them  ay  in  hand." 
Who  was  the  author  ?  W.  R.  DA  VIES. 

Kingsclear,    Camberley,   Surrey. 


BENJAMIN  CHOYCE  SOWDON. 

(12  S.  viii.  168,  236.) 

MY  query  has  brought  me  some  further 
notes  which  it  may  be  as  well  to  put  on 
record. 

Watt  ('Bibl.  Brit.'  ii.  S70)  calls  Sowdon 
(or  Sowden)  "  Morning  preacher  of  All- 
Hallows,  London- Wall  "  ;  but  the  present 
Rector,  the  Rev.  Sir  Montague  Fowler, 
Bart.,  writes  : — 

' '  I  have  never  heard  of  Benjamin  Choyce  Sowden, 
Morning  Preacher  of  All  Hallows,  London-Wall. 
I  have  consulted  various  books  and  documents 
relating  to  the  parish  as  well  as  '  Xovum  Begis- 
Irum  Ecclesiastic  um  Parochiale  Londinense' 
(1898),  but  with  no  success." 

Allibone  (4Crit.  Diet.'  ii.)  calls  Sowdon 
"  Minister  of  the  English  Episcopal  church, 
Amsterdam."  The  present  incumbent,  the 
Rev.  James  Chambers,  writes  : — 

"  I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  we  can 
supply  you  with  a  little  information  about  the 


marriages  here  and  signed  in  that  name.  The 
marriage  of  B.  C.  Sowdon  with  Phoebe  Catanach 
is  registered  here  15  April  1784." 

Daniel  Sedgwick  ( '  Comprehensive  Index 
of  Names  of  Authors  of  Psalms  and 
Hymns,'  1863,  p.  xiv.)  has  the  entry  "Sow- 
den, Benjamin,  O[riginal]  1769";  and  the 
Rev.  James  Mearns,  co-editor  of  the  *  Dic- 
tionary of  Hymnology,'  who  has  not  seen 
Sowden's  book,  conjectures  that  from  it 
Williams  may  have  taken  the  version  in- 
cluded in  his  Collection  of  1771.  But  the 
same  version  appears  in  Dell's  Collection 

j  of  1756  ;  so  that  there  must  have  been  an 

:  earlier  issue  of  Sowden's  book,  of  which  I 
should  be  glad  to  have  particulars.  Kippis's 
Collection  of  1795  includes  a  hymn  by 
Sowderi  beginning 

Thy  goodness,  Lord  !  while  I  survey 

To  Thee  my  thanks  shall  rise. 
The  '  Index  to  Seasons  and  Subjects  '  men- 
tioned on  p.  932  of  the  '  Dictionary  of  Hym- 
nology '  was  not  included  because,  as  Mr. 
Mearns  tells  me,  "  Mr.  Murray  [the  publisher] 
concluded  it  was  too  expensive  to  print." 
The  manuscript  of  the  Dictionary  was  sent 
to  the  Church  House,  Westminster,  but  the 

I  Secretary  writes  :  "  The  Index  in  question, 
I  regret  to  say,  never  reached  us." 

In   Dr.  Robert  Burns's  :  Memoir  of  Rev. 

!  Stevenson  Macgill '  (Edinb.  1842),  p.  278, 
mention  is  made  of  a  MS.  in  the  possession 
of  Dr.  Macgill  (but  formerly  belonging 
to  the  Rev.  James  Brown)  which  con- 
tained copies  of  translations  and  para- 
phrases submitted  to  a  committee  of  the 
General  Assembly.  "  The  number  of  pieces 
in  this  volume  is  93  ;  and  the  authors'  names 
are  Watts,  Benjamin  Lowden,  Samuel 
Stennett  .  .  ."  Can  Lowden  be  a  mistake 
for  Lowden  ?  Where  has  this  MS.  Collection 
gone  ?  P.  J.  ANDERSON. 

University  Library,  Aberdeen. 


till  1796  he  baptized  people  here  and  signed  in 
that  name.     From    17*8  till    1794  he  performed 


R  AH*T?VTT»TT     ATnnw^     PAU^W     M9    «J 
( 

248>)  —  The  ascription  of  Carew  s  Apology 
to  the  Goadbys  is  of  such  long  standing  that 
I  have  hitherto  hesitated  to  question  it  in 
print.  But  the  evidence  is  clearly  iii- 
conclusive,  and  MR.  LAWRENCE  F.  POWELL'S 
valuable  paper  on  '  The  Pseudonym  Jacob 
Larwood  '  (12  S.  vii.  441)  demonstrates  how 
effectually  a  publisher  can  cover  up  all 
traces  of  authorship. 

Carew's  reference  to  such  former  accounts 
**  h«l  appeared  "not  under  his  own 
inspection  "  relates,  I  think,  not  to  the 
"  Exeter  "  and  1749  editions,  but  to  a 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


satirical  production  entitled  'The  Accom-  j  and  Bedford  House  to  Southampton  Row) 
plish'd  Vagabond  a  Complete  Mumper  and  occupied  the  entire  space  between  the 
exemplified  in  the  Bold  and  Artful  Enter-  ;  N.E.  corner  of  Bloomsbury  Square  and 
prizes  and  Merry  Pranks  of  J3.  M.  C.'  8vo.  I  the  N.W.  corner  of  King  Street,  which  ran 
Oxon.  1745,  referred  to  at  2  S.  ii,i.  4,  by  [  from  High  Holborn  to  Southampton  Row. 
J.  O.,  whose  contribution  I  rather  think  j  This  view  brings  into  line  the  conflicting 
W.  S.  B.  H.  has  not  noticed.  I  know  !  directions  on  the  correspondence. 
of  no  existing  copy,  and  I  may  incidentally  ;  J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

remark  that  from  internal  evidence  J.  O.  i 
appears  to  be  a  different  person  from' 
J.  P.  O.  who  wrote  at  2  S.  iv.  330.  I 

Thomas  Price  of  Poole  in  Devon  must  j 
have  been  in  his  grave  when  T.  P.  wrote  in 
1857  at  2  S.  iv.  522  (not  4S.  ii  522  as  cited)  i  "  a  kin(*  of  Men»  whom  I  choose  to  call  Starers  ; 
for  the  preface  to  Price's  edition  of  Carew's  IS?*!  without  any  regard  to  Time,  Place  or 
'Life,  Voyages  and  Adventures  '  states  :-  ^  C°mpany 


GLOBIST    (12    S.    viii.    267).—  See   No.    20 
of    The    Spectator,    for    March    23,   1710/11, 
a  correspondent,  real   or  imaginary, 
the  signature  S.C.,  describes 


ae 

authorized   to    declare   to   the   reader   that   this    " 

edition  is  the  most  authentic,  and  fullest  account    "  one  whole  Isle  has  been  disturbed  with  one  of 
ever  published  of  this  extraordinary  man,  as  it  is  i  these  monstrous  Starers," 
selected  wholly  from  the  journals  which  he  con-  j  who 


Carew    died    in    1759.     If    Price    be    not 


upon    a   Hassock,    and    commands    the 
whole    Congregation. ' ' 

Steele  in  the  essay  that  takes  this  letter 
lying,  and  Carew  in  fact  kept  journals  of  his    as  its  text  promises' a  remedy  •— 
rogueries    one  wonders  why  it  was  necessary  I       <«  If  therefore  my  Correspondent  does  not  inform 
tor  Mr.   Goadby,   or  any  one  else,  to  take  j  me,  that  within  seven  Days  after  this  Date  the 
them  down  from  word  of  mouth.  i  Barbarian  does  not  at  least  stand  upon  his  own 

I  regret  to  say  that  I  do  not  possess  any  !  ^g8  only>  without  an  Eminence,  my  Friend 
of  the  earlier  editions  of  this  once  popular  !  opposSrtoWm^n^starTa  amsfhinf  in  Defence 
book-  of  the  Ladies."'  ' 

In  the  preface  to  *  An  Essay  on  the  New  i  The  ladies   we  ^d   are  expected  to 
opecies  of  vVritmsr  founded  by  Mr.  Fielding    «       ^  i  •    -,  T     -, 

with  a  word  or  two  upon  the  Modern  State    Chacon"  WlSheS  °f  &UCCe8S  ^  ***** 

of  Criticism  '  (London  :  Printed  for  W.  Owen,  |  «  Globist  »  must  be  taken  as  the  iva_ 
near  Temple  Bar,  1751 ),  occurs  the  remark  :—ilent  of  «  Starer,"  but  in  what  tongue? 

"My  task  may,  without  vanity,  be  said  to  be  is  jt  a  ghost-word  due  to  a  misprint  ? 
performed  in  a  more  gentleman-like  manner  than  *  j  1-1  ^  Q  ln,  ^  .  .-,  r>£  „„„ 

our  author  has  yet  been  used  by  any  of  his  Anc!  <?ld  ™  lad^  contributor  to  Patrol/en 
critics.  If  the  Examiner  of  '  Tom  Jones,'  and !  read  ner  Spectator  in  English,  Danish,  or 
the  author  of  '  Bampfylde  Moore  Carew  '  may  German  ?  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

deserve  that  name." 

This    rather    indicates    that    the    place    of;      THE  PLACE-NAME  TOTLAND  (12  S.  viii.  231). 

attack  was  now  London.  — This  name  is  doubtless  derived  from  tot. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO.        Toothills  occurs  in  different  parts  of  England 

with   different   spelling,   tut,   tot,   tote.     The 

SIR  HANS  SLOANE'S  BLOOMSBURY  HOUSE  word  means  a  piece  of  raised  ground  used 
(12  S.  viii.  211,  277). — A  more  extended ;  as  a  fortification  or  look-out.  Wycliffe 
examination  of  the  Sloane  Correspondence  uses  it  in  his  translation  of  the  Bible, 
discloses  a  sufficient  number  of  letters'  "  Forsooth,  David  toke  the  tote  hill  Syon." 
directed  to  Sir  Hans  at  Great  Russell  Street,  |  (Nevertheless  David  took  the  stronghold  of 


Bloomsbury,      to     warrant     the     conclusion 
that    his    house    was    there    situate.     A   re- 


Sion.     Samuel  v.  7.) 

Latimer  also  uses  it.      "  Those  observants 


ference  to  Rocque's  *  Survey '  shows  that  who  spying,  tooting,  and  looking,  watching 
Sloane's  house  could  not  have  stood  on  the  i  and  prying  what  they  might  see  or  hear 
south  side  of  the  Square  whatever  historians  j  against  the  see  of  Rome."  "  Toot  "  wras  a 
of  Bloomsbury  Square  may  say.  It  may !  common  word  in  the  North  of  England  for 
have  stood  on  the  south  side "  of  Russell '  "  watching."  W.  AVER. 

Street    (which    ran    pavSt    Montagu    House!      Primrose  Club,  Park  Place,  St.  James's,  S.W.I. 


i2s.  viii.  APRIL  16,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


PASTORINI'S  PROPHECY  (12  S.  viii. 
251.) — Pastorini  was  the  nom-de-plume  of 
Bishop  Walmesley.  The  prophecj*  is  doubt- 
less taken  from  liis  'The  General  History 
of  the  Christian  Church  from  her  birth  to 
her  final  triumphant  state  in  Heaven  : 
chiefly  deduced  from  the  Apocalypse  of  St. 
John,  the  Apostle  and  Evangelist.'  My 
own  copy  of  the  fourth  edition  is  printed  by 
H.  Fitzpatrick,  4,  Capel  Street,  printer  and 
bookseller  to  the  R.C.  College,  Maynooth, 
1805.  The  frontispiece  is  an  engraving 
after  the  style  of  Bartolozzi,  with  the 
legend  : — 

"  The  Venble.  &  Rt.  Rd.  Charles  Walmesley, 
Lord  Bishop  of  Rama  [his  titular  See],  Vicar 
Apostolic  of  the  Western  District,  O.S.B.,  D.D.  of 
Sorbon,  F.R.S.  of  London  &  Berlin.  Ob. 
i,  1797.  Act.  75.  the  40th  of  his  Epis- 

D.  A.  CRUSE. 
Leeds  Library. 


Duke's  Motto  :  I  am  here  " — the  meaning, 
I  understand,  being  that  he  would  be  found 
there  when  his  clients  came  to  draw  their 
\vinnings.  He  became  so  well  known  that 
he  was  nicknamed  "  Duke's  Motto  "  White 
in  consequence. 

With  regard  to  "  Flying  Scud "  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  ST.  SWITHIN  is  right 
in  tracing  it  to  a  racehorse.  It  may  be 
added  that  in  1866  Dion  Boticicault  pro- 
duced a  drama  :  '  Flying  Sciid,  or  a  Foiir- 
Legged  Fortune,'  and  this  may  have 
helped  to  decide  the  tavern  sign. 

R.    S.    PENGELLY. 

12,  Poynders  Road.  Clapham  Park.  S.W. 

My  impression  is  there  was  no  actual  race- 
horse called  the  "  Flying  Scud,"  but  that 
a  popular  piece  of  this  name  was  produced  at 
a  London  theatre  (I  think,  at  the  Adelphi) 
many  years  ago,  which  might  have  sug- 


nobleman,  the  Due  de  Nevers,  and  his  motto 
was  :  "I  am  here."  '  The  Duke's  Motto ' 
was  a  play  adapted  by  John  Brougham 
from  Paul  Feval's  '  Le  Bossu '  and  first 
produced  at  the  Lyceum  Theatre  on  January 
10,  1863,  with  Charles  Fechter  as  the  hero, 
Henri  de  Lagardere,  Due  de  Nevers.  It 
was  the  "  cloak  and  sword  drama  "  at  its 
best,  and  the  Duke  was  a  marvellous  swords- 
man. He  delighted  to  appear  at  critical 
moments  to  confound  the  bravoes  and 
villains  of  the  piece  with  hi*  war-cry  "  I 
am  here.  " 

The   play   was   extraordinarily   successful 
and  was  revived   by   Fechter   at   the   same 
theatre  in  March,  1867.     It  has  been  many 
times  revived  in  this  country  and  the  United 
States,   the   last    occasion   being  Mr.    Lewis 
Waller's   production    at   the    Lyric    Theatre ; 
in    September,    1908,    when   he    played   the  j 
Duke. 

A  novel  based  on  the  play  was  written  by 
Fechter  and  more  recently  another  novel 
with  the  same  title  was  written  by  Mr.  j 
Justice  Huntly  McCarthy.  The  popularity 
of  the  title  among  the  classes  who  would 
be  most  likely  to  frequent  a  publichouse  in 
Brick  Lane  is  illustrated  by  the  success  of 
the  late  Charlie  White,  a  bookmaker,  who 
nourished  in  the  last  two  decades  of  the  19th 
century.  His  sign  at  racecourses  was  "  The 


CECIL  CLABKE. 


Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 


M.  GORDON,  MINOR  POET  (10  S.  xi.  189). — 
In  answer  to  my  own  query,  I  think  the 
external  evidence  goes  to  show  that  M. 
Gordon,  who  wrote  a  vojume  of  '  Poems  ' 
in  1836  (it  is  elaborately  reviewed  in  The 
Dublin  University  Magazine,  August,  1837, 
vol.  x.,  pp.  224-228)  and  an  essay  (not  in 
the  B.M.)  on  the  'Force  of  the  ' Negative 
Particle,'  was  Michael  Gordon,  who  won  his 
B.A.  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  1829,  and 
his  M.A.  in  1832.  J.  M.  BTJLLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C. 

OLD  INNS  (12  S.  viii.  228). — The  Dolphin, 
Dolphin  Court,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  was 
situated  between  11  and  12,  Ludgate  Hill, 
in  1828.  No.  11  was  a  pickle  factory  belong- 
ing to  E.  J.  and  R.  Lambert.  The  pro- 
prietor of  the  Dolphin  in  1828  was  apparently 
named  J.  Smith  (Robson's  '  London  Direc- 
tory,' 1828,  does  not  designate  the  house  as 
the'  Dolphin).  The  1832  Robson's  «  London 
Directory  '  gives  J.  S.  White  as  the  proprietor 
of  the  Dolphin.  R.  A.  CUNNINGHAM. 

JAMES  DRAYTON  (12  S.  iii.  231). — Some 
of  his  letters  to  J.  Petiver  form  Sloane 
MSS.  3322,  ff.  33,  74,  80,  92,  and  4066, 
f.  335.  J.  ARDAGH. 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [iss.vm. APRIL  16.1921. 


"  THE  HAVEN  UNDER  THE  HELL."  ( 12  S.  viii. 
228,  275).— Surely  the  "  haven  "  was  Peiiarth 
roadstead,  and  the  "hill  "  Penarth  headland 
on  the  Glamorganshire  coast  of  the  Severn 
sea.  Under  this  headland  the  "  stately 
ships "  obtained  safe  anchorage  when  de- 
layed by  wind  or  tide,  and  being  right  op- 
posite to  Clevedon  it  is  very  conspicuous 
from  there.  As  it  was  probably  at  Clevedon 
that  Tennyson  penned 

•'Break,  break,  break, 
On  thy  cold  grey  stones,  O  sea," 
at  about  the  same  period  (1833)  that  he 
wrote  '  In  Memoriam,  '  and  some  five  years 
before  the  first  dock  at  Cardiff  was  instituted, 
there  can,  I  think,  be  but  little  doubt  that 
Penarth  is  the  place  indicated  in  the  poem. 
Penarth  church,  standing  so  prominently 
on  the  headland,  is  a  well-known  landmark 
to  navigators  steering  their  course  up  and 
down  the  Bristol  Channel.  S.  D.  T.  K.  T. 

The  place  of  Arthur  Hallam's  burial 
is  referred  to  in  section  xix.  of  '  In 
Memoriam,'  and  the  tablet  to  his  memory 
in  Clevedon  Church  is  mentioned  in  section 
Ixvii.  In  chapter  xiv.  of  Tennyson's 
'  Life  '  we  read  "  From  the  graveyard  you 
can  hear  the  music  of  the  tide  as  it  washes 
against  the  low  cliffs  not  a  hundred  yards 
away."  The  poem  '  Break,  break,  break  ' 
is  appropriately  prefixed  to  this  chapter 
('  In  Memoriam  '). 

If  it  were  necessary  to  find  an  original 
for  all  the  details,  might  not  "  the  haven 
under  the  hill  "  describe  the  Bristol  destina- 
tion of  the  ships  as  they  passed  the  hill  ? 
But  Tennyson  was  impatient,  as  we  know, 
of  exact  identifications,  which  left  too  little 
to  the  poet's  imagination. 

It  is  of  interest  to  remember  that,  as 
Tennyson's  own  note  tells  us,  the  poem  of 
'  Break,  break,  break  '  "  first  saw  the  light 
along  with  the  dawn  in  a  Lincolnshire  lane 
at  5  o'clock  in  the  morning."  '  Works,' 
one  vol.  ed.,  1913,  p.  921. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The    "  Haven  "  surely  is  Salcombe  Har- 
bour,   and    the    "  Hill,"    Bolt   Head.     The 
house  that  Tennyson  occupied  at  Salcombe 
overlooks   the    harbour    and   the  hill.     The 
bar  outside    the    harbour,    which    impedes 
entrance    and    exit,    I    think,     must    have 
suggested  his  '  Crossing  the  Bar  '  : — 
"  I  hope  to  see  my  Pilot  face  to  face. 
When  I  have  crost  the  bar." 

JOHN  LECKY. 
17,  Hazlewell  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 


^  COLLY  MY  Cow"  (12  S.  viii.  190,  238, 
257). — May  I  supplement  previous  com- 
ments on  this  expression  by  referring  to  a 
passage  in  '  Waverley,'  c.  xxiii : — 

"  Cathleen  sung  with  much  liveliness  a  little 
Gaelic  song,  the  burlesque  elegy  of  a  countryman 
on  the  loss  of  his  cow." 

To  which  Scott  appended  the  following 
note  :— 

"  This  ancient  Gaelic  ditty  is  still  well  known, 
both  in  the  Highlands  and  in  Ireland.  It  was  trans- 
lated into  English,  and  published,  if  I  mistake  not, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  facetious  Tom  d'Urfey, 
by  the  title  of  ^  Colley  my  Cow.'  " 

I  am  not  sure  that  DR.  WILLCOCK  gives 
the  whole  of  Guide's  meaning  when  he  calls 
the  phrase  as  used  in  '  The  Ring  and  the 
Book '  (xi.  553)  "  an  expression  of  con- 
tempt." No  doubt  contempt  for  his  inter- 
viewers underlies  Guide's  use  of  it,  but  what 
we  know  of  it  from  other  sources  suggests  a 
face-meaning  which  Browning's  context 
seems  to  support,  viz.,  that  Guido  is  pro- 
fessing to  soothe  them.  A.  K.'  COOK. 

The  Close.  Winchester. 

BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.  208,  253, 
278,  296).— Mr.  R,  S.  Mansergh  had  the 
following  lines  printed  for  insertion  in  his 
books : — 

To  whomso'er  this  book  I  lend 
I  give  one  word — no  more  ; 
They  who  to  borrow  condescend 
Should  graciously  restore. 

Now  any  who  this  book  may  find, 

Return  it  if  you  can,  Sir, 
Addressed  as  under,  bear  in  mind, 
To  Richard  Southcote  Mansergh. 
Friarsfield,   Tipperary,   MDCCCXCIV. 
The  fine  armorial  bookplate. of  Mr.  Man- 
sergh is  reproduced  and  forms  the  frontis- 
piece  in    J.    Vinycomb's    '  The    Production 
of  Ex  Libris.'  WM.  WALE. 

Cheltenham. 

The  lines  "  If  thou  art  borrowed  by  a 
friend,"  &c.,  were  kept  in  stock  in  the  shape 
of  printed  book-labels,  with  heading  "  This 
book  belongs  to,"  the  name  to-  be  filled  in 
with  a  pen.  One  specimen  I  have  dates 
back  to  a  much  earlier  period  than  1840  ; 
I  should  think  to  about  1800.  And  two 
others  are  now  before  me,  identical  in  words 
as  above,  one  of  them  in  copperplate  and 
sin-mounted  by  a  crest  and  motto,  with 
words,  "  This  Book  belongs  to  J.  H.  Ho- 
garth "  ;  the  other  in  ordinary  type,  headed, 
"  This  Book  belongs  to  Richard  Ward  Lear, 
East  Molesey,  Surrey."  It  would  be  too 


i2S.  VIIL 


,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


much  to  assume  that  either  book-owner  was 
author  of  the  poetry  and  prose  thus  utilized.  | 
Inscriptions   for   lent   books   are   in    The  \ 
Bookworm,  1889,    &c.,  vol.  ii.  37,  102,  348; 
iii.  22.  W.  B.  H. 

Some  years  ago  I  came  across  the  follow- 
ing. It  was,  if  my  memory  serves  me 
right,  written  in  a  very  old  volume. 

I  regret  now  that  I  did  not  take  any  par- 
ticulars of  the  book. 

It  is  the  only  time  I  have  seen  the  inscrip- 
tion, and  it  seems  to  me  somewThat  unusual. 

"  In  sooth  "  said  the  old  knight,  with  a  grave 
smile,  "  it  grates  me  not  how  long  soever  thou 
didst  keep  my  sorrel  so  long  as  thou  hadst  a  use 
for  her  ;  but  to  afterward  leave  her  in  thy  stable 
in  lieu  of  returning  her  to  mine  was  no  good  deed.  '' 

W.  MORRIS. 

The  Homeland  Association,  Ltd., 

37-38,  Maiden  Lane,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

A  school-book  in  my  possession — of  which 
the  owner  would  have  been  a  schoolboy  in, 
1780  or  thereabouts — has  the  following  in-  < 
geiiuous  inscription,  emphasizing  ownership  | 
rather  than  warning  borrowers  : — 

John  Richardson,  his  hand  and  pen. 
He  will  be  good,  but  God  nos  when. 
•  NORAH  RICHARDSON. 

Red  House,  Wilton,  Salisbury. 

May    a    memory   even   longer   than   that 
of  Mr.   Gideon  be  allowed  to  supply  some 
schoolboy  variants  of  his  lines  ? 
And  if  you  say  you  cannot  tell, 
The  Lord  will  send  you  down  to  hell. 
And  if  you  say  you  didn't  steal  it, 
The  Lord  will  send  you  to  hell  to  feel  it. 

SURREY. 

Though  lost  to  sight,  to  memory  dear, 
Are  volumes  lent,  which  disappear, 
With  borrowers  neglectful. 
Oh,  stay  not  with  that  band  of  gnomes. 
But  send  me  back  my  cherished  tomes ! 
Pray — pray  be  not  forgetful ! 

E.  C.  WEINHOLT. 
7,  Shooters  Hill  Road,  Blackheath. 

"THE  EMPIRE"  (12  S.  viii.  191,  258).— 
Toone's  'Chronological  Historian,'  ii.  285, 
says  that  on  the  7th  of  April,  1778,  "on  a, 
motion  made  by  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  in 
the  House  of  Lords,  relative  to  the  necessity 
of  admitting  the  independence  of  America, 
Lord  Chatham,  though  in  a  very  ill  state  of 
health,  rose  with  great  energy  to  oppose 
the  dismemberment  of  the  Empire." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


SECOND  BISHOP  OF  CARLISLE  (12  S.  viii. 
268). — If  your  correspondent  has  access  to 
'  The  Register  of  the  Priory  of  Wetherhal,' 
edited  by  the  late  Chancellor  Prescott 
(London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1897),  he  will  find 
in  Appendix  D  a  number  of  facts  and 
arguments  on  the  matter.  The  Appendix 
is  too  long  to  quote,  and  cannot  well  be 
condensed  ;  but  Dr.  Prescott 's  opinion,  was 
that  after  the  death  of  Bishop  Athelwold  in 
1156  there  was  a  long  vacancy  of  the  see, 
and  that  Bernard  was  Bishop  probably 
from  1204  to  1214.  DIEGO. 

*  HERALDRY  OF  ST.  AUGUSTINE'S  ABBEY, 
BRISTOL  (12  S.  viii.  267.) — There  may  be 
help  by  way  of  hints  in  the  following,  extract 
from  Dr.  Woodward's  '  Ecclesiastical 
Heraldry,'  pp.  105,  106  :— 

"  The  Lords  of  Berkeley  great  benefactors  of 
the  Church  and  circa  1142  founders  of  the 
Monastery  of  St  Augustine  at  Bristol  used  the 
mitre  as  a  crest.  As  in  many  German  instances 
it  is  charged  with  the  family  arms  Gules,  a  chevron 
between  ten  crosses  patees  argent.  .  .  .  On  the  carved 
stalls  in  Bristol  Cathedral  the  arms  of  the  family 
are  supported  by  two  mermaids  and  surmounted 
by  a  mitre  (without  helmet  or  wreath),  but  the 
mitre  is  not  charged  with  arms  (see  my  '  Heraldry 
of  Bristol  Cathedral '  in  the  Herald  and  Genealogist, 
vol.  iv..  p.  289)." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

OLD  SONG  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  250,  299).— 
I  have  a  copy  of  the  carol  for  which  J.  W.  F. 
inquires,  in  a  penny  carol-book,  bought 
long  ago  in  Worcester  : — 

I  love  Jesus  (repeat  three  times) 
Because  He  first  loved  me. 

The  Jews  they  crucified  Him. 
And  nailed  Him  to  a  tree. 

Joseph  begged  his  body. 
And  laid  it  in  a  tomb. 

Down  came  an  angel, 
And  rolled  away  the  stone. 

Mary  she  came  weeping, 
To  see  her  risen  Lord. 

The  pearly  gates  are  open, 
For  you  to  enter  in. 

Shout,  shout,  the  victory. 
The  glorious  work  is  done. 

The  tune  to  which  I  have  heard  it  sung 
was  only  the  one  set  to  '  We  won't  go  home 
till  morning.' 

A  villager,  naming  his  child  Joseph,  quoted 
it. 

"  See  "  probably  is  a  mistake  for  seek. 
AMY  R.  KINGSMILL. 

Bredicot.  Worcester. 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


•  GIOVANNI  SBOGABKO  '  (12  S.  viii.  268).— 
I  read  a  French  novel  with  the  above  title 
in  a  bound  volume  of  a  Parisian  magazine 
(published  about  1827-28)  in  an  old  library 
in  a  country  mansion  in  the  north  of  France 
when  a  boy.  I  forget  the  namo  of  the 
magazine  now,  and  French  periodical  publi- 
cations of  the  period  are  poorly  represented 
in  the  British  Museum.  If  it  is  not  by  the 
Vicomte  d'Arlincourt,  it  is  by  one  of  his 
imitators.  The  Vicomte>  who  died  in  1856, 
was  exceedingly  prolific  as  a  novelist,  and 
contributed  serial  tales  to  nearly  all  the 
Parisian  periodicals  of  the  day.  Not  half 
were  subsequently  reissued  in  volume  form. 
His  best  novel  wras  '  Le  Solitaire,'  which 
travelled  all  over  the  civilized  world  as  an 
opera  by  Carafa  (Marquis  Carafa  de  Colo- 
brano),  who  before  achieving  success  as 
a  composer  followed  Prince  Murat  (King  of 
Naples)  as  "  chef  d'escadron  "  in  Napoleon's 
Russian  campaign  of  1812. 

ANDREW  DE  TERN  ANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

"  NOTHING    BUT    THEIR    EYES    TO    WEEP  i 
WITH"  (12  S.  viii.  228). — Can  any  of  your 
American  correspondents  say  whether  there : 
is    any    good    ground    for    attributing    the ; 
saying  as  to  "  leaving  the  people  nothing 
but  their  eyes  to  weep  with,"   to  General 
Sheridan    or    General    Sherman  ?     I    have  \ 
seen  it  attributed  to  Sherman,  in  connexion 
with   his   famous   march   through   Georgia, 
and  to  Sheridan.     Some  time  ago  I  tried  to 
find  out  whether  there  was  any  ground  for 
this,    but   could   find   nothing.     My   search 
was    doubtless   not    exhaustive,    but    if   we ! 
have  no  better  evidence  than  the  Deutsche 
Politik  or  Busch,  I  think  we  may  acquit  the 
American  Generals.  AGAMJS. 

THE  LORD'S  PRAYER  IN  THE  GIPSY  OR 
ROMANY  LANGUAGE  (12  S.  viii.  250,  297).— 
The  following  is  taken  from  '  The  Dialect 
of  the  English  Gypsies,'  by  B.  C.  Smart 
and  H.  T.  Crofton,  p.  225:— 

"  Moro  Dad,  so  see  adre  mi  Duvelesko  keri,  te 
wel    teero    kralisow ;     Too    zee    be    kedo    adre 
chik,    jaw   see    adre   mi    Duvelesko    keri.     Del  j 
mendi    kova    diwus     moro    diwusZy    mauro ;  j 
ta   /ordel    mendi    moro   wafedo-kerimus,    pensa  ] 
mendi    fordels    yon    ta    kairs     wafedo    aposh 
mendi,  ta  lei   mendi  kek   adre  wafedo-kerimus. 
Jaw    keressa    te     righer     mendi    avri    wafedo. 
Jaw  see  ta  jaw  see." 

It  should  be  noted  that    "  Hallowed   be 
Thy  Name  "  is  omitted  from  this  version. 
HELLIER  GOSSELIN. 
Ben^eo  Hall,  Hertford. 


PEACOCK'S  FEATHERS  (12  S.  vi.  334; 
vii.  137,  277,  477  ;  viii.  37).— I  remember, 
forty  years  ago,  seeing  young  farm  labourers 
in  Mid-Devon  wearing  these  in  their  hats  on 
Sundays  and  any  other  occasion  requiring 
their  best  clothes.  W.  CURZON  YEO. 

10,  Beaumont  Avenue,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

CIDER  AND  RHEUMATISM  (12  S.  viii. 
267). — In  Monsieur  L.  Lemery's  '  Treatise 
of  ...  Foods  .  .  .  also  of  Drinkables,  &c.,' 
translated  by  D.  Hay,  M.D.  (3rd  edn. 
1745),  Part  III.,  chapter  iv.  is  entitled 
"  Of  Cyder,"  and  at  p.  349  it  is  written  : — 

"  Cyder  is  good  and  wholesome  Liquor  enough, 
provided  it  be  us'd  with  Moderation ;  and  it 
may  be  said,  that  in  general  it  is  better  for 
Health,  than  Wine,  because  its  spirits  are  not 
so  impetuous,  nor  so  much  agitated,  as  those  of 
Wine ;  and  are  besides  detain' d  and  moderated 
by  a  great  quantity  of  viscous  Phlegm,  which 
still  contributes  to  make  this  Liquor  moistning 
and  cooling.  We  know  by  Experience  that 
most  of  those  who  drink  nothing  but  this  Liquor, 
are  stronger,  hailer,  and  look  better  than  those 
that  drink  Wine ;  of  which  my  Lord  Bacon 
gives  us  a  notable  Example ;  he  mentions 
Eight  old  People,  some  of  which  were  near  a 
Hundred  Years  old,  and  others  Were  an  Hundred 
and  upwards.  These  old  People,  says  he,  had 
drank  nothing  else  but  Cyder,  all  their  Life 
Time,  and  wej»e  so  strong  at  this  Age,  that  they 
danc'd  and  hopp'd  about,  like  young  Men." 

Monsieur  Lemery  was  Physician  to  the 
King  of  France,  and  the  Doctor  Regent 
of  the  Faculty  of  Physic  in  the  Academy 
Royal  of  Sciences,  which  Academy  approved 
his  work,  as  also  did  Monsieur  de  Farcy, 
Dean  and  Doctor  Regent  of  the  Faculty 
of  Physic  in  the  University  of  Paris.  His 
experience  may  therefore  be  taken  as 
reliable,  so  far  as  it  goes.  To  what  passage 
in  Bacon's  works  does  he  refer  ?  Perhaps 
the  poem  by  John  Philips  (1676-1709), 
'  Cyder,'  published  in  1708,  might  throw 
some  light  on  Mr.  Ackermann's  query, 
but  it  is  not  easily  accessible  to  me  at 
present.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

From  '  A  Treatise  of  Fruit  Trees,'  printed 
by  Henry  Hall,  printer  to  the  University, 
Oxford,  1657  (second  edition),  I  have 
copied  the  following  : — 

"  Cider  more  healthy  than  other  Liquor.  Cider 
is  more  conducing  to  health  and  long-life  than 
Beere  and  Ale  (though  these  are  also  good  liquors, 
especially  for  some  Persons)  for  Cider  is  a  cleare 
Liquor  without  dreggs,  and  does  not  only  not  leave 
any  dreggs  in  the  body,  of  its  own  substance,  but 
it  hath  a  property  to  cleanse  the  body,  and  carry 
downe  superfluities  and  hurtful  humours  in  the 
body,  which  are  as  the  seeds  of  many  distempers 
and  diseases.  That  it  is  very  much  conducing  to 


i2s.v,ir.APHiLi6.i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


health  and  long-life  (besides  the  Judgment  of 
learned  Physitians)  Experience  does  fully  prove  it, 
in  those  places  where  it  is  much  used  :  The  story 
of  a  rich  Landlord,  who  would  never  let  Leases 
for  lives  to  any  that  were  Cider  drinkers,  is  some- 
what to  the  purpose  :  he  concluded  (from  Experi- 
ence) such  were  like  to  live  to  long,  so  was  not 
willing  to  meddle  with  them  upon  such  termes." 

I  do  not  know  if  this  '  Treatise  '  is  rare.  I 
found  it  bound  in  with  newspapers  of  1657 
in  the  Burney  Collection  in  the  British 
Museum.  NOBAH  RICHARDSON. 

Red  Hous?,  Wilton,  Salisbury. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  but  that  cider  is 
beneficial  in  the  treatment  of  rheumatism 
and  its  kindred  complaints.  But,  of  course, 
the  cider  must  be  pure.  Mr.  C.  W.  Radcliffe 
Cooke,  the  great  authority  on  cider,  in  his 
book  on  '  Cider  and  Perry,'  Fays  cider  and 
perry  owe  their  wholesomeness  in  a  great 
measure  to  the  malic  acid  contained  in 
pears  and  apples.  He  adds  : — • 

The  acid  of  wine  is  tartaric,  which,  when 
combined  with  lime,  an  ingredient  to  be  found 
in  most  articles  of  food,  forms  precipitates  or 
insoluble  particles  which  are,  I  am  given  to 
understand,  the  principal  cause  of  gout,  rheu- 
matism and  kindred  disorders.  Malic  acid,  in 
itself  a  health-giving  product,  has  no  power  to 
form  such  precipitates,  and  it  is  possibly  for  this 
reason  that  cider  and  perry  acre  now  so  often 
recommended  to  gouty  people. 

Mr.  •  Radcliffe  Cooke  quotes  John  Evelyn 
and  William  Hutton,  the  historian  of  Bir- 
ming  am,  in  support  of  his  contention.  It 
is  said  that  cases  of  gravel  are  practically 
unknown  among  cider  drinkers,  and  in 
Normandy,  where  cider  constitutes  the 
staple  drink  of  the  people,  gout  is  said  to  be 
unknown.  Gravel  and  stone  are  likewise 
very  rare,  and  medical  men  are  satisfied 
that  the  immunity  from  both  these  forms  of 
disease  should  be  placed  to  the  credit  of 
the  liquors  mentioned.  A  Somerset  writer 
sings  its  praises  in  this  direction  : — 

Wold  Zam  could  never  goe  vur  long 
Wi'out  his  jar  ov  virkin  ; 

A  used  the  aider  zame's  twur  ile 
To  keep  his  jints  vrim  quirken. 

W.   G.  WILLIS  WATSON. 
Single's  Lodge,  Pinhoe,  Exeter. 

THE  GOLDEN  BALL  (12  S.  viii.  268). — 
I  cannot  trace  a  tavern  of  this  name  in 
Southampton  Street,  St.  Giles's,  but  in  that 
respect  others  possibly  may  be  able  to 
supply  fuller  information. 

The  mere  title  does  not  necessarily  signify 
a  tavern,  especially  in  1700,  when  balls  as 
a  sign  were  in  common  use,  frequently  in 
combination  with  other  objects.  The  early! 


silk-mercers  adopted  a  golden  globe,  or 
ball,  as  their  sign,  because  in  the  Middle 
i  Ages  all  silk  was  brought  from  the  East, 
1  and  more,  particularly  from  Byzantium 
and  the  imperial  manufactories  there. 
(Constantino  the  Great  had  adopted  a 
golden  globe  PS  the  emblem  of  his  imperial 
dignity.)  Balls  of  various  colours  were 
invariably  the  signs  of  quacks  and  fortune- 
tellers in  the  eighteenth  century.  See 
Larwood's  '  History  of  Signboards.' 

H.  A.  SMITH. 
13,  Sixth  Avenue,  Manor  Park,  E.I 2. 

THE  ROMAN  NUMERAL  ALPHABET  (12  S. 
viii.  250). — Du  Cange  in  his  '  Glossarium  ad 
Scriptores  Mediae  et  Infimae  Latinitatis  ' 
gives  the  following  numbers,  quoting  Baro- 
nius  and  other  writers  in  support.  A  stroke 
over  the  letter  multiplies  by  1,000. 

A  =  500  K   =     150  R  =        80 

B  =  300                       or   151  S   =       70 

C  =  100  L    =       50  or  7 

D  =  500  M  =1,000  T  =     160 

E  =  250  N    =       90  V  =         5 

F  =:     40                      or  900  W  =       19 

G  =  400  O    =        11  X  =       10 

H  =  200  P    =     400  Y  =     150 

I  =  100                          or  7  or   159 

or   1  Q  =     500  Z  =  2,000 


or  400 


J.  DE  C.  L. 


QUEEN  ELIZABETH'S  STATUE,  ST.  DUN- 
STAN'  S-IN-THE- WEST  (10  S.  ix.  103;  12  S. 
viii.  294).— Sir  W.  P.  Treloar,  in  '  Ludgate 
Hill :  Past  and  Present,'  states  that 
the  statue  of  Elizabeth  was  placed  in  a  niche 
of  the  outer  wall  of  St.  Dunstan's  Church,  Fleet 
Street,  where  it  remains.  The  figures  of  the 
family  of  Lud  were  presented  to  Sir  Francis 
Gosling,  who  meant  to  re-erect  them  at  the 
east  end  (sic)  of  the  same  church,  but  somehow 
they  were  stowed  away  in  the  parish  bone-house, 
where  they  remained  till  the  Marquis  of  Hertford 
bought  them,  and  along  with  the  old  St.  Dunstan's 
clock  and  its  two  giants  that  struck  the  hour 
on  a  bell  took  them  to  his  villa  at  Regent's  Park. 

Allen,   in   his  'History  of   London'    (1839), 
describing  Ludgate,  says: — 

On  the  east  side  of  the  gate  were  three  niches 
in  which  were  the  effigies  of  King  Lud  and  his 
two  sons,  and  on  the  west  side  that  of  Queen 
Elizabeth.  When  the  gates  of  this  city  were 
taken  down,  Sir  Francis  Gosling  obtained  these 
statues  from  the  city,  with  the  intention  to  set 
them  up  at  the  west  end  of  St.  Dunstan's  Church, 
Fleet  Street,  but  there  was  only  room  for  one, 
Queen  Elizabeth.  The  remainder  were  consigned 
to  the  bone-house,  where  they  remain  at  present 
(1839). 

F.   A.   RUSSELL. 

116,  Arran  Road,  S.E. 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vm. APRIL ie,  1921. 


SHAKESPEARE  QUERY  (12  S.  viii.  269).— 
.     .     .     In  the  reproof  of  chance 
Lies  the  true  proof  of  men.     .     .     . 
In  the    1890  edition,   by  Sir  Henry  Irving 
and  F.  A.  Marshall,  a  footnote  says,  of  the 
word    '  reproof  '  : — 

"  An  obvious  quibble  is  intended." 
In  the  1896  edition  Prof.  Gallancz  remarks  : 
"  Reproof,  Confutation  ;  refutation." 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

The  "  reproof  of  chance  "  means  the  "  re- 
testing  of  chance  "  ;  that  is  to  say,  trying 
your  luck  again  after  defeat.  F.  L.  WOOD. 

17,  Girdlers  Road,  W.I 4. 

The  context,  I  think,  shows  fairly  conclu- 
sively that  Shakespeare  means  the  resistance 
offered    to    chance.      The    twenty    lines    of 
Nestor's  speech  which  follow  the  words 
.     .     .     In  the  reproof  of  chance 
Lies  the  true  proof  of  men 

are  obviously  intended  to  convey  two 
illustrations  in  proof  of  the  truth  of  the 
dictum.  In  the  first  the  poet  uses  inanimate 
objects,  "  Shallow  bauble  boats "  and 
"  those  of  nobler  bulk.  "  When  the  storm 
conies  the  latter 

through  liquid  mountains  cut, 

Bounding  between  the  two  moist  elements, 

Like  Perseus'  horse. 

That  is  how  they  give  the  reproof  to  chance. 
In  the  second  case  the  poet  uses  living  objects. 

The  herd  hath  more  annoyance  by  the  breese 

Than  by  the  tiger. 
But  when  the  storm  comes 

Why,  then  the  thing  of  courage, 

As  roused  with  rage,  with  rage  doth  sympathize, 

And  with  an  accent  tuned  in  selfsame  key 

Retorts  to  chiding  fortune. 

i.e.,  gives  the  reproof  to  chance.     W.  E.  W. 

HUNTING  SONGS  :  CHAWORTH  MUSTERS 
(12  S.  viii.  231,  277).— In  view  of  his  reply 
at  page  277,  it  may  interest  Sir  Willoughby 
Maycock  to  know  that  the  volume  '  Hunting 
Songs  and  Poems.  Collected  by  John 
Chaworth  Musters  '  bears  (only)  the  above 
words  on  title-page,  has  no  date,  and  bears  i 
the  imprint,  back  of  title-page,  and  colophon ! 
of  R.  Allen  and  Son,  Nottingham.  Thej 
Contents  gives  8 1  items,  from  pages  1  to 
191  ;  the  first  being  '  The  Badsworth  Hunt,' 
and  the  last,  '  A  Poem  by  J .  Oldknow,  of 
Smalley.'  The  volume  has  194  pages,  and 
the  photographic  frontispiece  shows  J.  C. 
Musters  standing,  crop  in  hand,  surrounded 
by  hounds.  There  is  no  dedication  or 
introduction ;  the  only  mention  of  the 
late  Lord  Ferrers  occurring  as  the  apparent 


author  of  some  verses  with  date  1869  or 
1870.  Lord  Ferrers  received  much  help 
and  advice  from  Musters  when  he  took 
over  part  of  the  Quorn  country  in  the 
seventies,  but  I  had  not  before  heard  of 
the  former  as  a  poet,  and  am  a  little  doubt- 
ful as  to  this  item.  The  latest  date  apparent 
in  the  text  is  a  heading  "  Wiverton,  Feb. 
1875,"  with  initials  ''  F.  &  L.  C.  M." 
appended.  The  allusion  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
obviously  refers  to  Allibone's  '  Dictionary 
of  English  and  American  Literature,'  and 
not  to  any  publisher.  W.  B.  H. 

"  COMLIES     AND      "  CONY     BAGS  "      (12     S. 

viii.  231,  277.)— The  "  comlies  "  referred 
to  by  the  Colour- Sergeant  of  the  19th 
Regiment  were  doubtless  blankets,  the  Hin- 
dustani name  for  which — in  modern  spell- 
ing— is  "  Kamal." 

"  Cony  bags  "  were  most  likely  "  gunny 
bags,"  i.e.,  sacks,  in  which  the  blankets 
were  carried  when  on  the  march. 

H.    WILBERFORCE-BELL. 

ST.  OSWALD  (10  S.  vi.  488;  vii.  11; 
viii.  371). — Dr.  Alexander  Robertson,  in 
'Through  the  Dolomites'  (1896),  writing 
of  the  Church  of  Tai  di  Cadore  at  p.  83, 
says  that  the*  altar-piece  by  Cesare  Vecellio, 
Titian's  cousin,  represents  . 

the  Madonna,  with  Bishop  Candido  at  her 
right  hand,  holding  a  palm  branch,  and  St. 
Oswald,  King  of  Northumbria,  at  her  left,  with 
his  crown  and  sceptre. 

Is  St.  Oswald  represented  in  other  Italian 
paintings  of  the  sixteenth  century  or 
earlier  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

EPITAPHS  DESIRED  (12  S.  viii.  211).— In 
your  Notices  to  Correspondents,  ante,  p.  260, 
MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT  writes  that  the  epi- 
taph on  George  Routleigh  (not  Rowleigh)  is 
contained  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  11  S.  iv.  265.  In 
Britten's  '  Old  Clocks,  &c.,  and  their  makers,' 
1899  edition,  p.  461,  is  printed  the  epitaph 
in  Lydford  Churchyard  on  the  gravestone  to 
the  memory  of  GEORGE  ROUTLEDGE,  set  out 
as  cut  thereon.  W.  J.  M. 

CULBIN  SANDS  (12  S.  viii.  190,  235). 
SAND  MOUNDS  AT  SOUTHPORT. — The  strange 
story  of  Cultiin  Sands  with  their  buried 
mansion  and  farms  reminds  one  of  the  sand- 
hills district  near  Southport,  which  seems  to 
be  of  a  similar  character  to  Culbin.  I 
believe  that  there  is  a  tradition  connected 
with  these  sand-mounds  also,  but  I  have 
noticed  only  a  vague  reference  to  it  some- 
where. Is  there  anything  known  regarding 
their  origin,  &c.  ?  G. 


i2S.  viii.  APRIL  is,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


THE  RABBIT  IN  COMPARATIVE  RELIGION! 
(12    S.     viii.     269). — In    the    magnificently! 
decorated    cathedral     of    St.     Vladimir     at  \ 
Kiev,  in   Southern   Russia,    Vasnetzov   and  j 
other    famous    painters    have    married    the  j 
spirit  of   nineteenth-century  art  in  France 
and    Italy    to    the    old    Byzantinism.     One ! 
of  the  many  frescoes  represents  the  Garden  | 
of  Eden.     In  the  middle  is  the  Tree  of  Life.  | 
To  the  right  of  it  stands  Adam,  near  to  a 
lion,  suggestive  of  his  strength  ;    to  the  left 
is  Eve  with  a  doe,  a  type  of  gracefulness, 
and,  at  her  feet,  in  the  grass,  starred  with 
Easter   daisies,    there    are   two   rabbits,    to  j 
symbolize    timidity.     Their    presence    there 
may  be  due  to  the  painter's  fertile  fancy, 
but    Byzantine    art    is    extremely    rich    in 
symbolism,  and  it  is  more  probable,  perhaps, 
that  the  rabbit  has  had  its  recognized  place 
there  for  many  a  long  century. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 
The  Author's  Club,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 

GRAY'S  'ELEGY'  (12  S.  viii.  294).— I 
can  see  no  reason  why  "  the  even  tenour 
of  tneir  way "  should,  in  popular  speech, 
have  superseded  Gray's  "  noiseless  tenour." 
Your  correspondent  thinks  it  "  smoother," 
but  I  cannot  agree.  There  is  no  disputing 
in  matters  of  taste  ;  still,  I  must  hold  with 
Pope  that  "  the  ear  the  open  vowels  tire." 
Gray  would,  I  fancy,  dissent  strongly  from 
the  suggestion  that  his  verse  could  be  im- 
proved in  this  way. 

There  are  other  expressions  in  the 
*  Elegy '  that  are  oftener  misquoted  than 
this,  but  are  not  improved  thereby.  "  The 
lowing  herd  wind  slowly  o'er  the  lea "  is 
often  turned  into  "  the  lowing  herd  winds 
slowly,"  &c.  ;  and  "  awaits  alike  the  in- 
evitable hour "  becomes  "  await  alike  the 
inevitable  hour,"  which  completely  alters 
the  poet's  meaning. 

Dr.  Bridges,  in  '  The  Spirit  of  Men '  (notes), 
objects  to  the  English  of  "If  chance,  by 
lonely  contemplation  led."  May  one  be 
allowed  to  ask  whether  stanza  xii.  is  strictly 
grammatical  : — 

Perhaps  in  this  neglected  spot  is  laid 

Some  heart  once  pregnant  with  celestial  fire ; 

Hands  that  the  rod  of  empire  might  have 
sway'd  .  .  . 

The  relevancy  of  the  line 

Fair  Science  frown'd  not  on  his  humble  birth 
in  the  Epitaph  is  not  very  apparent  to  me, 
coupled  as  it  is  by  "  and  "  with   "  Melan- 
choly mark'd  him  for  her  own." 

C.  C.  B. 


on 

A  New  Book  about  London  :  A  Quaint  and 
Curious  Volume  of  Forgotten  Lore.  By  Leopold 
Wagner.  (George  Allen  and  Unwin,  10s.  6cZ. 
net.) 

WE  would  not  be  understood  to  regard  ungrate- 
fully, still  less  severely,  Mr.  Leopold  Wagner's 
blithe  attempt  to  re-discover  for  us  forgotten, 
or  half-forgotten,  bits  of  London.  We  have, 
nevertheless,  three  protests  to  make  concerning 
his  book. 

First,  as  to  its  title.  We  consider  it  misleading, 
in  that  he  does  not  treat  of  London  in  general,  but 
of  old  London  taverns  and  other  houses  of  enter- 
tainment— an  excellent  subject,  as  to  which  the 
ordinary  guide-book  is  indeed  neglectful  and 
which  does  not  at  all  require  to  be  "  camouflaged." 
Nor,  we  think,  is  the  information  Mr.  Wagner 
has  to  supply — very  entertaining  information 
though  it  be — aptly  characterized  by  the  word 
"  lore."  This  last  small  criticism  brings  us  to  a 
greater  of  the  same  kind.  It  seems  to  us  that 
Mr.  Wagner  takes  frequent  and  indefensible 
liberties  with  the  English  language.  For  example, 
we  cannot  like  the  expression  "  food-fare,"  which 
he  uses  for  the  food  supplied  at  inns.  When  he 
tells  us  that  "  places  in  the  Metropolis "  are 
"  enshrined  to  the  memory  of  Charles  Dickens  " 
we  guess  what  he  means,  yet  with  a  shiver ;  but 
when  he  says  that  a  certain  historic  guest-house, 
"  while  still  featuring  its  valuable  old  oak  furni- 
ture," has  been  brought  thoroughly  up  to  date, 
we  shiver  without  quite  knowing  his  meaning. 

Our  third  protest  concerns  the  subversion  of 
some-  of  our  "  landmarks  "  (a  word  which  Mr. 
Wagner  much  affects)  in  history.  Thus  we  learn 
that  there  was  a  time  when  Henry  IV.  was 
Prince  of  Wales  ;  that  the  "  famous  Savoy  Con- 
ference "  took  place  under  Cromwell  ;  and  that  it 
was  Sir  Francis  Drake  who  beat  van  Tromp.  Our 
author  must  not  quarrel  with  us  if  we  warn  his 
readers  not  to  take  everything  he  tells  them  as 
agreeing  altogether  with  the  best  or  best-known 
authorities.  These  protests  being  made,  we 
admit  that  this  work  has  added  some  zest  to  our 
love  of  London,  and  inspired  a  wish  to  visit  the  old 
houses,  of  which  Mr.  Wagner  writes  so  eagerly,  with 
this  book — correctis  corrigendis — as  our  companion. 

Don  Quixote.  Some  War-time  Reflections  on  Its 
Character  and  Influence.  By  Herbert  J.  C. 
Grierson.  (Humphrey  Milford  for  the  English 
Association,  2s.  6d.  net.) 

THIS  study  has  greatly  charmed  us.  It  is  not 
easy  to  find  anything,  of  a  popular  character, 
new  to  say  about  Don  Quixote  ;  nor  does  novelty 
form  any  appreciable  element  in  the  appeal  of 
this  book.  Our  author  relies  on  something  more 
persuasive,  on  the  enthusiasm  of  a  grateful 
admirer  who  proclaims  '  Don  Quixote  '  as  facile 
princeps  among  the  books  men  turned  to  in  the 
worst  stress  of  war  to  furnish  them  with  "  armour 
of  proof  against  outrageous  fortune."  The 
qualities  which  made  it  so  are  not  merely  described 
here  ;  to  some  degree  they  seem  to  have  been 
transferred  into  these  pages.  Their  effect  on 
the  wr  ter  of  the  study  is  also  convincingly  though 
implicitly  conveyed.  There  is  much  pleasant 
literary  allusion  and  good  suggestion.  We. 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.viii.AFE^i0,i82i. 


liked,  too,  the  picture  set  before  us  at  the  beginning 
of  the  scholar,  who  "  sat  apparently  unmoved 
through  the  weeks  from  Mons  to  the  Marne 
and  the  Marne  to  Ypres,  'absorbed  in  the  collation 
of  manuscripts  of  Pelagius." 

The  Story  of  the  Shire  :    Being  the  Lore,  History, 

and  Evolution   of  English   Bounty   Institutions. 

By  Frederick  W.  Hackwood.     (Heath  Cranton, 

15s.   net.) 

THESE  chapters  bring  together  a  considerable 
amount  of  information.  Mr.  Hackwood  has 
gone  diligently  over  the  chief  authorities  on  the 
subject,  and  has  extracted  from  them  their  most 
interesting  particulars.  He  sets  these  out 
pleasantly  enough  ;  and  though  most  of  what  he 
has  to  say  is  familiar  to  readers  who  have  given 
any  attention  to  the  history  of  the  English 
county,  the  book  should  prove  of  value,  for  it 
brings  together  a  good  deal  of  material  which 
has  generally  to  be  sought  in  separate  works. 
It  contains  useful  chapters  on  modern  custom 
and  organization,  and  its  weightier  paragraphs 
are  relieved  by  the  occasional  insertion  of  odd 
and  entertaining  detail. 

The  whole  is  not  quite  equally  satisfactory. 
For  example,  the  chapter  on  the  County  Escheator 
gives  far  too  slight  an  idea  of  the  Sheriff's  func- 
tions under  this  aspect,  and  if  it  was  worth  while 
to  point  the  reader  to  tailler  as  the  origin  of 
"  tally,"  it  was  also  worth  while  to  mention 
the  connexion  between  echoir  and  "  escheat." 
Good  works  of  "  vulgarization  "  deserve  nothing 
but  a  welcome,  but  we  do  not  think  their  un- 
pretentious quality  should  dispense  them  from 
the  obligation  of  furnishing  some  reference  to 
the  sources  whence  their  statements  are  taken. 
The  historical  student  will  have  no  difficulty 
in  pinning  down  Mr.  Hackwood' s  information 
to  its  proper  place  ;  but  the  historical  student 
hardly  needs  such  a  book  as  this.  For  the 
general  reader,  to  whom  these  matters  are  new, 
and  for  whom  the  book  is  designed,  such  refer- 
ences are  most  desirable. 

A  further  criticism  concerns  the  illustrations. 
The  time  has  surely  gone  by  for  such  insipid 
fancies  as  '  The  Landing  of  the  Jutes  '  or  '  The 
Appeal  to  the  Witan.'  The  tally-sticks  and  bag, 
which  might  have  had  some  interest,  are  so 
feebly  done  as  to  be  useless.  The  '  Lord  Mayor's 
Procession'  (1761)  best  represents  the  level 
suitable  to  the  text. 

While   not   without   imperfections   Mr.    Hack 
wood's  book  is  a  readable  account  of  a  subject 
which,    for    several    reasons,    can    hardly  fail  in 
its.  appeal  to  English  people. 

Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers  at  the  Unitersity 
Press,  Oxford.  By  Horace  Hart.  (Humphrev 
Milford,  2s.  net.)  . 

THIS  neat  and  beautifully  printed  booklet  is  the 
twenty-fifth  edition  (the  eleventh  for  publication) 
of  a  work  which  has  long  been  prized  wherever 
it  is  known,  and  has  come  to  be  known  by  most 
editors  and  printers.  The  preface  relates  how 
the  first  edition  was  produced  for  the  use  of  the 
compositors  and  readers  of  the  Clarendon  Press, 
and  how  for  years  copies  were  supplied  gratuitously 
to  such  of  the  general  public  as  could  advance  the 
slightest  claim  to  this  generosity,  until  publication 
was,  in  a  manner,  forced  upon  the  Claredon  Press 


by  copies  being  sold  "  at  the  Stores.1'  "  No  '  so- 
and-so  '  should  be  without  '  so-and-so,'  "  is  all  too 
common  a  form  of  puff.  Yet  we  trust  the  words 
have  not  been  so  entirely  emptied  of  real  meaning 
but  what  we  may  say  that  no  editor,  author,  com- 
positor or  reader — and  no  book-lover  either — 
ougKt  to  be  without  this  admirably  compiled  and 
carefully  revised  guide. 

The  Berks,  Bucks  and  Oxon  Archaeological  Journal. 

Vol.   XXVI.,   No.    1.      (Oxford,   Blackwell,    3s. 

net.) 

IN  this  number  Mr.  Keyser  gives  a  most  lavishly 
illustrated  account  of  the  churches  of  Great  and 
Little  Coxwell,  Coleshill,  Inglesham,  Buscot  and 
Eaton  Hastings.  Mr.  d'Almaine  has  transcribed 
the  will  of  Master  Anthony  Forster  (1572),  that 
worthy  gentleman  whom  Scott,  with  a  certainly 
unconscionable  disregard  for  truth,  turned  into 
a  villain  and  the  murderer  of  Amy  Robsart. 
Mr.  Huntingford  discusses  the  date  of  the  White 
Horse  at  Uffington.  Mr.  Treacher  contributes  a 
first  instalment  of  the  Index  to  the  Hurst  Parish 
Marriage  Register. 


THE  early  publication  is  announced  of  the  sixth 
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The  present  volume  is  the  Supplement  Volume  III. 
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CORRIGENDA.— ('  Robert  Whatley ' )— ante,  p.  286, 
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321 


LONDON,  APRIL  23.  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.    158. 

NOTES  : — Extracts  from  a  Westminster  Assessment  Roll 
of  1718,  321 — Isabella  de  Fortibus,  322 — Glass-Painters 
of  York  :  Inglish,  323 — Huntingdonshire  School  Maga- 
zines, 325— English  Army  List  of  1740,  327—"  A  Gentle- 
man, a  Scholar  and  a  Christian,"  328 — War  Portents — Sir 
Thomas  Chaloner,  329. 

QUERIES  : — Etching  by  Rowlandson  :  '  Pawpaw  Sweet- 
meats ' — The  Earliest  "  London  "  Books,  329 — Ghost 
Stories  connected  with  Old  London  Bridge — Capt.  Cook's 
Crew  :  Coco-nut  Cup,  330 — Smallest  Pig  of  a  Litter — 
Song  Wanted — Rose  Gordon  :  '  Childe  Archie's  Pilgrimage  ' 
— '  The  Golden  Manual ' — Archbishop  Tillotson  and  the 
Last  Sacraments — Residence  of  Mrs.  Fitzherbert — 
Hareway,  Englefleld,  Berks — "  Scotch  Hands  " — "  The 
Milk  of  Paradise  " — "  He  will  never  set  the  sieve  on 
fire  " — Beeleigh  Abbey — Scott  Family,  331 — The  Thames 
running  dry— Wine  Names — Browne  Family  of  Kidding- 
ton,  Oxon— Reference  Wanted— Author  of  Quotation 
Wanted,  332. 

REPLIES : — Rose-coloured  Vestments  on  Mothering 
Sunday,  332— Julie  Bonaparte's  Letters — "  Counts  of 
the  Holy  Roman  Empire  " — Robert  Whatley  :  James  | 
Street,  Westminster — "  Singing  Bread,"  333 — Some  | 
Ulster  Rhymes — The  Royal  Horse  Guards — Double  i 
Firsts  at  Oxford — The  Qualities  of  Female  Beauty — Book 
Borrowers,  334 — "  The  Empire  " — Captain  Cook  :  Memo- 
rials— Epitaphs  Desired — "  U.K."  Member  for  Matdon — 
The  Tomahawk— tavern  Signs— Sir  Robert  Bell  of 
E-iupre,  335—"  The  Haven  under  the  Hill  " — Churches 
of  St.  Michael— Author  of  Quotation  Wanted— Abnepos— 
Variations  in  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  336 — Funeral  Cake — Live  r- 
pool  Halfpenny — Tennyson  Queries — Income  Tax  Ex- 
emption :  Brighton — B.  A.  and  T.  Fawcet,  Printers — 
Liverpool  Gentleman  and  Manchester  Man,  337 — Cowper  : 
Pronunciation  of  Name — Lions  in  the  Tower — Cream- 
coloured  Horses — Liddell  and  Scott's  Greek-English 
Lexicon — Peter  Tillemans,  Artist — Gray's  '  Elegy,'  339. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Church  Bells  of  Lancashire,' 
Part  IV. — Quarterly  Review — Antiquaries  Journal — Folk- 
Lore — '  A  Manual  of  Lu-Ganda.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


EXTRACTS     FROM    A    WESTMINSTER 
ASSESSMENT  ROLL  OF  1718. 

HAVING  had  occasion  to  consult   one  of  the  j 
original  parchment  rolls  which  sets  forth  the  | 
"  presentments "   of    the    authorized    jurors 
for  raising  money  for    drainage  purposes  in 
the  City  of  Westminster  in  1718,  a  few  notes 
made  at   the    time    are    perhaps  worth  re- 
cording.    These   lists,  known  as  sewer -rolls, 
afford   first-hand   evidence     of    the    streets! 
in   which   the    assessees   resided,   while   the  | 
figures  at  which  each  house  was  assessed  in- 1 
dicate,  to  some    extent,  the  relative  styles  I 
in  which  a  few  early  Georgian    celebrities  I 
lived.     This  sewer -roll,  which  is   one    of  a  | 
series,  is   the  property  of  Mr.  Richard  Hoi- 1 
worthy,  editor  of  The  Archivist,  and  I  am! 


much  indebted  to  him  for  allowing  me  to 
examine  it. 

Presentment  for  Raiseing  Money  to  pay  for 
Work  about  King's  Schollars'  Pond  and  Tothill 
Side  Sewers,  1718.  Roll  183. 

[To-day  the  notice  "  King's  Scholars'  Pond, 
L.C.C.  Pumping  Station,"  may  be  seen  at  78, 
Grosvenor  Road,  S.W.] 

St.  James1  Square  West  (membrane  No.  7). 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Bathurst,  £120. 

[Allen,  Lord  Bathurst,  1684-1775,  was  ono 
of  the  twelve  Peace  Peers  created  in  1711 
to  form  a  Tory  majority  in  the  House  of 
Lords.  His  country  house  at  Cirencester 
was  often  visited  by  Pope.  Father  of  Lord 
Chancellor  Bathurst.  1 
St.  James'  Square  East  (m.  No.  8). 

Her  Grace  the  Duchess  of  Hamilton,  £150. 
[Widow  of  James,   Duke  of  Hamilton,   who 
died  by  Lord  Mohun's  sword  in  1712.      "  She 
is  the  devil  of  a  teaser." — Swift.] 
Sailers'  Court  (m.  No.  11). 

William  Windsor,  Esq.,  £1,000. 

[Who   was   this   person,   and   what   was   the 
nature  of  this  valuable  property  ?] 
Portugal!  Street  (m.  No.   12). 

The  Rt.  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Burlington,  £320. 
[Burlington  House  was  not  then  in  Piccadilly, 
which  extended  only  from  Coventry  Street 
to  St.  James's  Church.] 
Jermyn  Street  (m.  Nos.   17  and  19). 
James  Craggs,  Esq.,  £113. 

[Secretary  of  State,  who  died  in  1721,  aged 
,  35,  of  whom  Pope  wrote  : — 

"  A  soul  as  full  of  worth  as  void  of  pride 
Which  nothing  seeks  to  show,  or  needs  to 

hide."] 
Dr.  John  Friend,  £66. 

[1675-1728,  'M.D.,    F.R.S.     Author    of    the 
'History  of    Physic,'  which  he  dedicated  to 
Dr.   Mead.     Sent  to  the  Tower  in   1722  for 
abetting  Atterbury.] 
The  Rt.  Hon.  the  Lord  Cobham,  £173. 

[Sir  Richard  Temple,  1669-1749,  who  had 
been  created  Baron  Cobham  in  1717  and 
Viscount  in  1718.  He  rebuilt  Stowe  in 
Buckinghamshire.  ] 

Golding  Square  (m.  No.  26). 

The  Rt.  Hon.  the  Lord  Masham,  £62. 

[Samuel  Masham,  who  in  1711  was  created 
one  of  the  twelve  Peace  Peers.] 

Orlando  Bridgeman,  Esq.,  £53. 

[Son  of  Charles  II.  's  Lord  Keeper.  "  1714, 
April  1.  Yesterday  the  Commons  heard 
the  merits  of  the  Election  for  Ipswich 
between  Wm.  Thompson  and  Wm.  Churchill, 
sitting  members,  and  Mr.  Sergt.  Richardson 
and  Orlando  Bridgeman,  petitioners,  and 
carried  this  day  for  the  latter  without  any 
division."— Portland  MSS.,  1899,  v.  408.] 

St.  James' s  Street  (m.  Nos.  30  and  39). 
Dr.  Garth  and  stable,  £80. 

[Samuel  Garth,  1661-1719,  to  whom  Pope 
dedicated  his  '  Second  Pastoral.'  Published 
his  poetical  '  Dispensary  '  in  1699.  Ap- 
pointed physician  to  George  I.  in  1714.] 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     ti2S.vm.APRiL23,io2i. 


The  Bt.  Hon.  the  Countess  of  Banelagh,  £60. 
[Margaret       Lady       Ranelagh,        1674-1728,  j 
daughter  of  the  3rd  Earl  of  Salisbury.     Ex- 
tolled as  a  beauty  by  Fielding,  '  Tom  Jones,' 
iv.    2.     A  full-length  portrait  -by   Kneller  is 
the    present    property    of    the    Marquis    of 
Salisbury.] 
St.  James's  Place  (m.  No.  31). 

Sir  Andrew   Fountaine,   £50. 

["  30  June,    1711.     I  am  to  dine  to-day  at 
Sir    Andrew    Fountaine's    who    has    bought 
a  new  house." — Swift  to  Stella.] 
Arlington  Street  (m.  Nos.  39  and  40). 

Bishop  of  Bangor,  £25. 

[The  see  was  in  the  occupation  of  Hoadly, 
1676-1761,  and  the  Bangorian  controversy 
was  in  this  year,  1718,  at  its  full  fury.] 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Kingston,  £150. 

[Fathar  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu.] 

Sir  Richard  Child,  £140. 

[Son  of  Sir  Richard  Child,  author  of  '  A 
New  Discourse  on  Trade.'  This  year  raised 
to  the  peerage  as  Lord  Castlemain.] 

The  Rt.  Hon.  the  Lord  Carteret,  £140. 

[1690-1763.  Afterwards  first  Lord  Granville. 
His  portrait  by  Hoare  has  just  been  acquired 
by  the  National  Portrait  Gallery. 

"  Greatness  with  learning  deck'd  in  Carteret 

see 

With  justice  and  with  clemency  in  Lee," 
wrote  Fielding.] 

Robert  Walpole,  Esq.,  £100. 

William  Pulteney,   Esq.,   £100. 

[It  comes  as  a  surprise  to  find  Walpole  and 
Pulteney    next-door    neighbours,    but    their 
antagonism    did   not   show   itself   till   about 
1725.] 
Bond  Street  (m.  No.  41). 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Graf  ton,  £155. 

[Charles,  2nd  Duke,   1683-1757.] 
Dover  Street  (m.  No.  43). 

Sir  Thomas  Hanmer,  £250. 

[Elected  Speaker  in  1714.  Married  the 
widow  of  the  1st  Duke  of  Graf  ton.] 

Dr.  Arbuthnott,  £50. 

[John  Arbuthnot,  1667-1735.  Physician  to 
Queen  Anne,  1705.  Wrote  '  The  History 
of  John  Bull.' 

"  Arbuthnot       .     .     . 

Whose  company    drives   sorrow   from   the 

heart." — Gay. 

"  If  the   world   had   but  a   dozen   men   like 
Arbuthnot    I    would    burn    my    '  Travels.'— 
Swift.] 
Berkeley  Street  (m.  No.  43). 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  £300. 

[This  was  the  first  house  destroyed  by  fire 
in     1733.     The    present    Devonshire    House 
was    designed    by    William    Kent    for    the 
third    Duke.] 
Clarges  Street  (m.  No.  45). 

Mr.  Shepherd's  market,  £10. 

[What  is  the  present-day  value  of  "  Mr.'' 
Shepherd's  market  ?] 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

1,  Essex  Court,  Temple. 


ISABELLA  DE'FORTIBUS,  THE  LAST 
LADY   OF   THE   ISLE   OF  WIGHT. 

ISABELLA,  COUNTESS  OF  ALBEMARLE,  and 
the  last  member  of  the  noble  De  Redvers 
family,  Lords  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  (1100- 
1293),  was  one  of  the  two  daughters  of 
Baldwin  (3)  de  Redvers  (d.  1245)  and  Amicia, 
daughter  of  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Glou- 
cester, one  of  the  barons  who  extorted 
Magna  Charta  from  King  John.  At  &n 
early  age  she  married  William  de  Fortibus, 
Earle  of  Albemarle,  and  became  a  widow  at 
the  age  of  23  years.  Aveline,  the  youngest 
daughter  and  only  surviving  issue  of  this 
alliance,  became,  on  the  death  of  her  brothers 
and  sister,  heiress  to  the  vast  possessions  of 
her  mother  and  the  greatest  heiress  in  the 
kingdom.  Under  these  circumstances  it  is 
not  surprising  to  learn  that  in  1259  she 
married  Edmund  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Lan- 
caster, the  younger  of  the  two  surviving  sons 
of  Henry  III.  Aveline  died  in  her  mother's 
lifetime,  sine  prole,  in  1274. 

On  the  death  of  her  brother  Baldwin,  in 
1262,  the  Lady  Isabella  became  Countess 
of  Devonshire  and  succeeded  to  the  feudal 
lordship  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  hereditary 
Chamberlaihship,  and  the  other  honours  be- 
longing to,  her  family.  Very  touching  is  the 
picture  of  this  lion-hearted  woman,  widowed 
and  childless,  more  feared  than  loved, 
drawn  by  the  Rev.  E.  Boucher  James  in 
'  Letters  Archaeological  and  Historical  relat- 
ing to  the  Isle  of  Wight '  (vol.  i.  204),  in 
the  isolation  of  her  immense  possessions  and 
struggling  as  the  last  of  her  race  to  preserve 
in  her  keeping  what  she  esteemed  to  be  the 
brightest  j  ewelin  the  inheritance  of  her  fathers. 

The  Countess  was  strongly  attached  to 
the  Church,  nor  was  she  wanting  in  that 
munificent  liberality  which  had  marked  her 
predecessors  of  the  De  Redvers  family, 
making  grants  to  the  Abbeys  of  Monte- 
bourg,  Quarr,  Breamore,  and  other  monas- 
teries. At  the  same  time,  though  a  devout 
churchwoman,  the  Countess  would  not 
brook  any  encroachments  on  her  rights,  and 
her  resistance  sometimes  went  beyond  the 
warrant  of  law.  Some  litigation,  for  in- 
stance, took  place  in  1267  between  the 
Countess  Isabella  and  the  Prior  of  Breamore, 
in  connexion  with  the  manor  of  Lymington. 
The  following  particulars  relating  to  the  dis- 
pute are  taken  from  the  fourth  volume  of  the 
'  Victoria  County  History  '  of  Hampshire  : — 

The  prior's  claim  was  based  on  a  grant  made 
by  the  will  of  Baldwin,  the  late  earl,  who  was 


i2S.viii.APRiL23,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


323 


buried  in  the  priory.    He  also  produced  a  charter 
given  by  Isabella  herself  confirming  the  gift  and  j 
another  confirmation  made  by  Henry  III.  on  the 
testimony   of    Eleanor   the    queen.     Isabella   ad- : 
mitted  that  Baldwin  had  granted  the  manor  to 
Breamore  Priory  for  a  term  of  years,  but  since  the  | 
prior  had  no  seisin  at  the  time  of  the  earl's  death  j 
the    royal    charter    was    of   no    avail.     Her    own 
charter     of     confirmation    she    maintained    was 
exacted  from  her  during  the  barons'  wars,  wrhen 
she  had  remained  loyal  to  the  Crown  in  spite  of 
the  persistence  of  Simon  de  Montfort.     After  the 
battle  of  Lewes  (14th  May,  1264),  while  "robbers  ! 
and  disturbers  of  the  peace  of  the  kingdom  rode 
ravaging     with     horses     and     arms    throughout ; 
England,"  she   had   sought  shelter  at   Breamore  j 
only  to  find  in  the  prior  a  friend  of  Simon  de  ! 
Montfort   the  younger,  to  whom   she    had    been 
"  sold  seditiously  "  for  50  marks.     In  despair  she 
had   offered  the   charter   upon  the   altar   of  the 
priory  church  of  St.  Michael  of  Breamore,  and, 
the  bribe  proving  successful,  she  was  allowed  to 
escape  from  the  priory,  though  Simon  de  Mont- 
fort pursued  her  from  place  to  place  with  horse  and 
arms,   desiring    to     capture   her   and   seditiously  | 
abduct    her,  until    she    found    refuge    in    Wales,  ' 
That  Isabella's  version  was  true  may  be  inferred  ; 
from  the  final  agreement  by  which  in  return  for  ; 
a  money  payment  the  prior  acknowledged    her  j 
right    to    the    manor   and   returned  to   her  the ; 
charter  in  dispute. 

The  Priory  of  Breamore  was  sitiiated  some 
nine  miles  south  of  Salisbury,  and  was 
founded  as  a  house  for  Austin  canons  by 
Baldwin  de  Redvers  and  his  uncle  Hugh 
towards  the  close  of  Henry  I.'s  reign.  That : 
the  Countess  eventually  became  reconciled 
to  the  monastery  may,  I  think,  be  inferred 
from  the  fact  that  the  then  prior,  at  the 
time  of  her  death,  was  named  one  of  the 
executors  of  her  will. 

In  November,   1293,  the  Countess,  baing 
56  years  of  age,  went  from  the  Isle  of  Wight 
to  London,   en  route  for  Canterbury.     On 
her    return    journey    to    London    she    was 
seized  with  a  fatal  illness,  was  moved  to 
Stockwell  near  Lambeth,  where  she  expired,  j 
On  her  death-bed  the  surrender  of  the  Isle  j 
of  Wight  to  the  King  for  a  monsy  payment  i 
was  hurriedly    arranged    under    suspicious 
circumstances. 

After  the  death  of  the  Countess  her  remains 
were  taken  to  Breamore  and  there  interred. 
The  Rev.  J.  C.  Hughes,  writing  recently  to  the 
Isle  of  Wight  County  Press  newspaper,  says : — 
Last  autumn  I  was  fmuch  interested  in  seeing 
in  the  beautiful  church,  largely  Norman,  of  the 
village  of  Garsington,  in  the  centre  of  the  chancel, 
a  large  tomb-slab,  around  which  run  the  words, 
becoming  illegible,  in  Xorman  French  : — 
Isabella  de  Fortibus  gist  ici  ; 
Dieu  de  sa  alme  eyt  merci. 
The  writer  goes  on  to  say : — 

It  would   seem  that  this  is  the  tomb  of  the  re- 
nowned Lady  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  in  the  thirteenth 


century.  It  would  be  interesting  to  learn,  from 
some  one  who  knows  more  of  her  history,  how  it 
was  that  out  of  all  her  possessions  she  came  to  be 
taken  for  burial  to  the  Oxfordshire  village  of 
Garsington. 

That  the  Lady  Isabella  was  first  laid  to 
rest  in  the  priory  church  is  fully  established 
by  the  following  entered  on  a  Patent  Roll, 
29  Edward  I,  TO.  19: — 

March,  1301,  grant  was  made  in  free  alms  to 
the  prior  and  convent  of  Breamore  of  the  advow- 
son  of  the  church  of  Brading  (I.  of  W.)  in  exchange 
for  the  prior  remitting  to  the  King  500  marks, 
wherein  the  King  was  bound  to  them  for  corn, 
stock,  and  other  things  in  diverse  manors.  This 
was  done  at  the  request  of  Thomas,  prior  of 
Breamore,  and  others,  who  were  the  executors  of 
the  will  of  Isabella  de  Fortibus,  Countess  of 
Albemarle,  and  for  the  good  of  the  soul  of  the 
said  countess  and  her  ancestors,  whose  bodies 
were  buried  in  the  priory  church  of  Breamore. 

The  church  (of  Breamore),  quoting  from, 
the  'Viet.  County  Hist.'  of  Hamp.,  iv.  599, 
is  a  most  valuable  and  unusually  complete 
specimen  of  a  pre-Conquest  church.  .  .  .  The 
probable  date  is  late  in  the  tenth  or  early  in  the 
eleventh  century,  and  the  only  addition  since  that 
date  is  the  south  porch  of  mid-twelfth-century 
date. 

Mr.  D.  H.  Moutray  Read,  '  Highways 
and  Byways  in  Hampshire,'  p.  266,  refers 
also  "  to  the  old  church  with  its  stone  coffins," 
and,  "  to  the  Priory  Meadow,  [where]  by  the 
river  bank,  the  traces  of  some  vanished 
building  and  a  stone  coffin  tell  of  the  Priory 
that  once  stood  there." 

JOHN  L.  WHITEHEAD. 

Ventnor. 


GLASS-PAINTERS    OF   YORK. 

(See  ante,  p.   127). 
II. — THE  INGLISH  FAMILY. 

WTIHL  Inglysshe,  als.  Richardson,  glasyer. 
('Freemen  of  York,'  Surtees  Soc.)  Free 
of  the  city  in  1450,  the  same  year  in 
which  John  Chamber  the  younger  died, 
who  bequeathed  him,  along  with  two  others 
whom  he  called  "  my  servants,"  5s.  by 
equal  portions.  To  his  son  Richard,  who 
had  taken  up  his  freedom  three  years 
previously,  and  who  was  therefore  of 
sufficient  age  to  succeed  him,  Chamber  left 
his  business  and  stock-in-trade,  but  as 
Richard  Chamber  died  within  a  month  of 
his  father,  and  the  other  son  was  a  monk, 
the  business  evidently  passed  to  his  appren- 
tice, William  Inglish.  Inglish  was  twice 
married,  his  first  wife  being  named  Jennett, 
as  appears  from  the  will  of  Robert  Preston 
(free  1465,  died  1503),  to  whom  he  taught 


324  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.ArBiL23,i92i. 


his  business  and  who  evidently  had  a  and  appoint  my  executors."  William  Inglish 
tender  regard  for  him  and  the  wife  of  his  was  one  of  the  glass -painters  to  whom  new 
former  master,  for  besides  calling  his  own  ordinances  for  the  better  regulation  of  the 
daughter  Janet,  he  left  "  To  one  prest  I  craft  were  granted  in  1463-4.  He  was 
one  quarter  wayges  to  syng  for  all  the  evidently  prominent  in  his  profession, 
saules  here  foloyng,  that  is  to  say,  for  the  i  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  he  was  the 
saules  of  William  Ynglishe  and  Jenett  his  "Will  Glasyer  of  York"  to  whom  the 
wyff."  ('Reg.  Test".' vi.  7  la,  printed  in 'Test,  sacrist  of  Durham  in  1459  paid  a  siim  of 
Ebor.'  Surtees  Soc.,  vol.  iv.,  p.  216.)  Second  18s.  "for  glazing  one  window  in  the 
wife,  Margaret.  Daughter,  Joan.  Sons,  sacristy."  (*  Durham  Account  Rolls,'  eel. 
Thomas,  Robert  and  John.  Following  what^  by  Rev.  Canon  Fowler,  Surtees  Soc.,  p.  152.) 
seems  to  have  been  a  frequent  practice  This  is  the  more  likely,  seeing  that  the 
amongst  master  glass -painters  in  medieval  j  abbey  had  previously,  in  1449,  sent  to 
times,  the  eldest  son,  Thomas,  was  ap- ;  John  Chamber  of  York  for  their  work 
prenticed  to  his  father  with  a  view  to  carry- '  (ibidem,  p.  238),  and,  as  has  previously  been 
ing  on  the  business  after  his  death,  whilst  j  shown,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe 
the  younger  sons  either  took  holy  orders  j  Inglish  succeeded  to  Chamber's  business, 
or  entered  a  religious  community. — John !  It  is  interesting  to  note,  as  showing  how 
Chamber  the  younger  (free  1414,  died  1450)  anything  in  the  way  of  real  competition 
had  two  sons  ;  to  Richard  Chamber  he  left  in  business  between  "the  different  firms  of 
his  glass-painting  business ;  the  other  son  glass -painters  in  the  city  can  hardly  have 
he  mentions  in  his  will  as  "  Fr.  William  existed,  that  Inglish  was  one  of  the  \vit- 
Wencelay,  monk  my  son."  Robert  Petty,  nesses  to  Matthew  Petty's  will  made  in 
the  glass-painter  (free  1481,  died  1528),  had  1478,  at  which  time  they  must  have  been, 
a  natural  son,  *' Sir  Robert"  (free  in  1509)  ostensibly  at  any  rate,  rivals  in  business 
vicar-choral  of  the  Minster.  (Memo,  of  |  for  nearly  thirty  years ;  also  twenty  years 
Administration  of  Robert  Petty's  Will, !  previously  another  of  Inglish's  competitors, 


Reg.  D.  and  C.  Ebor.  2,  fol.  145.)  William 
Thompson  the  glass-painter  (free  1496, 
died  1539)  bequeathed  to  "Sir  Thomas 


Thomas  Shirley  the  glass-painter  (free  1439, 
died  1458)  had  in  his  will  made  on  January 
15,  1456,  appointed  "  WTilliam  Inglish  of 


Pille,"  evidently  son  of  his  workman  or  ]  York,  glasier,"  joint  executor  with  his 
partner,  Richard  Pille  (free  1510)  "  xxd  to  I  (Shirley's)  wife  and  bequeathed  him  "if  he 
pray  for  me."  (Reg.  Test.  D.  and  C.  1  shall  be  willing  to  take  upon  himself  the 
Ebor  2,  fol.  184d.) — Thus  William  Inglish ;  burden  of  this  my  will,  10s.  for  his  trouble." 
left  his  business  to  his  son  Thomas,  whilst:  (Reg.  Test.  Ebor.  ii.  380d.)  William  Inglish 
he  bequeathed  "  to  Sir  Robert  *  my  son, '  made  his  will  (Reg.  Test.  Ebor.  v.  179)  14 
chaplain,  to  celebrate  for  the  health  of  my  May,  1480,  desiring  to  be  buried  "  in  the 
soul  during  the  period  of  a  quarter  of  a  \  churchyard  of  St.  Helen  in  Stanegate," 
year  26s.  8d.  Also  I  bequeath  to  Sir  John,  my  Proved  3rd  June  seq. 

son,  the  canon,  6s.  8d."  He  was  the  "Sirj  Thomas  inglissh,  glasyer,  son  of  the 
John  Ynglyshe  chanon  in  Brydlyngton  to  |  above  william  ingiish  (free  1450,  died  1480), 


whom  Robert  Preston  in  1503  bequeathed 
"one  par  baydes  of  castledowne,  the 
nowmbre  of  X,  wfc  one  lase  of  grene  sylke, 
and  one  signet  of  Synt  Martene  gyltyd, 


whether  by  his  first  or  second  wife  is  not 
known,  but  more  probably  by  the  former. 
He  was  free  of  the  city  in  1480,  the  same 
year  his  father  died,  so  that  he  would  be 


and  V  s."  To  Robert  Preston,  who  had  ,  •  gt  ojd  enough  to  take  over  the  business, 
learnt  the  business  with  him,  and  in ;  William  Inglish  bequeathed  "  to  Thomas, 
whom  he  evidently  placed  the  greatest  g  ten  wy8pes*  of  white  giass,  with 

confidence,  he  left    "  3s.    4d.    and  1    wyspe       J          -    r _ 

of  ruby  glass."  He  also  devised  "the  *  Browne,  'Fabric  Rolls  of  York  Minster,' 
residue  of  all  my  goods  not  bequeathed  I  Glossary,  gives  "  Wyspe,  a  whirled  sheet  or 
give  and  bequeath  to  Margaret  my  [second]!  table  of  glass  containing  about  3*  feet," 'but 
fxrifp  «nd  TJnhprt  Prf^trm  whom  T  make  '  seeing  that  glass  was  almost  invariably  sold  by 
wite  and  Robert  Preston,  \snom  1  make  s  weight>  and  the  wau>  wave>  or  wey  contained 

*  The  title  "Sir"  applied  to  a  priest  was  a  I  60  wyspes  ('York  Minster  Fabric  Rolls,'  Surtees 
scholastic  title,  the  translation  of  "  dominus  "  Soc.,  sub  anno  1479),  "  pro  uno  wawe  vitri,  cont. 
given  to  a  person  who  had  taken  his  first  degree  ;  Ix.  wyspe  "  whilst  thore  xvere  twenty-four  in  a 
in  a  university.  ('Letters  relating  to  the  Sup- i  seam  (Browne,  'Fabric  Rolls,'  Glossary),  it  is 
pression  of  the  Monasteries,'  Camden  Soc.  p.  186  more  likely  that  a  wyspe  was  the  same  as  the 
note.)  i  ponder,  viz.  Sib. 


i2&viiLAHBLSS.i§«.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


all  the  appliances  and  designs  *  belonging 
to  my  work."  Robert  Preston,  the  glass- 
painter,  and  Thomas  Inglish  had  both 
been  apprentices  with  Inglish' s  father. 
Preston  was  free  of  the  city  in  1465,  so  that 
he  would  be  about  fifteen  years  senior  to 
Thomas  and  approximately  thirty-six  years 
of  age  in  1480  when  the  elder  Inglish  died, 
leaving  the  business  to  Thomas.  He  named 
Preston  co-executor  and  residuary  legatee 
with  his  (William  Inglish's)  wife,  so  that 
Preston  benefited  considerably  under  the 
terms  of  his  late  master's  will.  It  would 
seem  that  after  the  elder  Inglish's  death 
Thomas  Inglish  and  Robert  Preston  carried 
on  the  business  in  partnership,  or  at  any 
rate  in  such  close  connexion  during  the 
long  period  of  twenty-three  years  as  to 
practically  amount  to  the  same  thing,  f 

When  he  died  in  1503,  Preston  bequeathed 
a  large  portion  of  his  tools  as  well  as  a 
quantity  of  glass  to  Thomas  Inglish  (vide 
account  of  Robert  Preston  to  follow)  and 
also  presents  of  money  and  valuables  "  To 

*  Or  cartoons.  The  original  reads  "  cum 
omnibus  instruments  et  picturis  opelle  mee 
pertinentibus." 

t  The  question  whether  business  partnerships 
in  the  modern  sense  of  the  term  existed  in  medie- 
val times  seems  never  to  have  been  thoroughly 
investigated.  We  find  John  Prudde,  of  West- 
minster, King's  Glazier,  taking  contracts,  within 
the  space  of  a  very  few  years,,  and  supplying 
windows  for  Fromond's  Chantry  at  Winchester, 
Eton  College  Chapel  and  Hall,  Greenwich  Palace, 
the  Beauchamp  Chapel  at  Warwick,  and  else- 
where, some  of  these  contracts  dealing  with 
over  a  thousand  feet  of  glass.  There  must  have 
been  some  system  whereby,  when  one  glass- 
painter  in  a  town  obtained  a  large  order,  such  as, 
for  example,  the  whole  of  the  windows  for  one 
church,  he  gave  out  the  work  to  be  done  amongst 
the  rest  of  the  craft,  and  there  can  be  but  little 
doubt  that  frequently,  in  the  case  of  extensive 
work,  though  the  ostensible  contractor  might 
lie  a  single  individual,  the  real  contractor  was  a 
ring  of  glass-painters  in  the  town. 

In  the  Windsor  Castle  accounts  for  1365-6 
there  is  an  item  of  the  payment  for  "375  feet 
of  white  glass  painted  with  the  King's  arms 
bought  of  Henry  Stathern  and  partners  "  (et 
nodi*  Md.s).  (Sir  William  St.  John  Hope,  '  Windsor 
•lo/  i.,  pp.  194  and  209.)  Specific  instances 
of  business  partneiships  amongst  glass-painters 
PIC  provided  by  the  windows  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  which  were  done  (with  the  exception 
oi'  the  glass  executed  by  Barnard  Flower  previous 
to  his  death)  by  a  partnership  of  four  artists 
or  the  co-operation  of  four  firms  on  the  one  hand 
and  of  two  on  the  other.  In  1562-3  two  glass- 
painters,  William  Ely  the  and  Miles  Jugg.  agreed 
to  execute  the  windows  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  in  partnership.  (Willis  and  Clark 
'  Arc  hit.  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,'  vol.  ii., 
pp.  571-572.) 


Sir  John  Ynglyshe,  chanon  in  Brydlyngton." 
At  what  period  Thomas  Inglish  died  is  not 
known,  but,  as  stated  above,  it  was  subse- 
quent to  the  death  of  Preston  in  1503. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


HUNTINGDONSHIRE    SCHOOL 
MAGAZINES. 

THE  career  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  is  a  long  and 
honourable  one.  The  range  of  subjects 
dealt  with  by  its  learned  contributors  is  a 
very  extensive  one.  I  was  therefore  rather 
surprised  to  find  in  1916,  when  I  searched 
its  indexes,  no  sample  list  given  of  school 
magazines  for  any  county.  Magazines  pub- 
lished by  schools  for  their  boys  are  quite 
worth  our  careful  study,  and  lists  of  any 
schools  issuing  such  ephemerides  would  be 
useful  for  reference.  Students  and  others 
who  are  interested  in  the  later  history  of 
their  county  cai  often  obtain  information 
from  their  contents  not  otherwise  to  be  had. 

By  the  year  1720  there  were  over  1,600 
schools  established  in  this  country.  Addison 
describes  the  charity  schools  as  "  the  glory 
of  the  age."  I  have  found  no  magazines 
published  by  any  of  these  early  schools  : 
and  it  was  perhaps  not  until  the  beginning 
of  the  next  century  that  a  few  schools  com- 
menced to  publish  magazines.  By  the 
middle  of  that  period  they  became  more 
popular.  I  may  mention  a  small  number 
of  those  I  have  casually  glanced  through 
of  various  counties : — The  Leodiensian  (Leeds 
Grammar  School),  1828  ;  The  Eton  School 
Magazine,  No.  1,  1848 ;  The  Scholar 
(Preston),  1850 ;  The  Uppingham  School 
i  Magazine,  vol.  vii.  1869  ;  The  JV 'ormcensian , 
1873  ;  The  Harrovian,  1878  ;  The  Eagle 
(Bedford),  1881. 

Some  of  the  colleges  also  published  a 
magazine :  The  Eagle,  St.  John's  College, 
No.  1,  1858.  The  Oxford  and  Cambridge 
Magazine,  conducted  by  Members  of  the 
two  Universities,  1856,  contains  Rossetti's 
'  Blessed  Damozel '  and  notable  pieces 
by  William  Morris  and  Sir  E.  Burne- Jones  ; 
it  reached  the  highest  summit  of  excellence 
of  these  periodicals.  Many  other  titles 
are  scattered  about  in  catalogues  and  various 
bibliographies,  and  no  full  and  precise 
list  for  any  county  has  escaped  my  notice. 
I  am  therefore  rather  reluctant  to  give, 
'  even  in  a  small  way,  a  list  for  a  county 
\  most  familiar  to  me  and  nearly  the 
i  smallest  of  our  shires. 


326  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      ms.vm. APRILS,  1021. 

The  oldest  Huntingdonshire  school  maga-  A  new  magazine  was  commenced  in  the 
zine  I  can  record  is  a  manuscript  one  which  summer  term,  1910  — -a  large  quarto  called 
commenced  as  early  as  1841.  The  Huntingdonian. 

The  |  St.  Ires  \  British  School  \  Mis-  .  I  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to  mention  a 
cellany  \  of  I  Literature  \  Science  \  and  \ ,  f®*_ of  the  ™ore  striking  features  in  some 
Art  |  May  1842.  ,  !  of  tbe  succeeding  parts. 

Table  of  contents  and  articles,  pp.    103,    ^p'1,'  nV^^w^S 

„,,   '**•..      i    t>ne  -Cjan  ot  oanciwicn,  CIUUU.UJMU  ^j.  i/uc  KUVCI.MJ..I.I.IS 

With     a     few     illustrations.     The     original    body.     [Born    London,     19    July,     1839;      died 
contributions  were  bound  in  paper   covers    Hinchingbrooke,  26  June,  1916.] 
and  lent  round,  and  in  1843  a  selection  Was  i      NO.  2.— Portrait    of   the    Yen.    Arch.    Francis 
oQ  folios  .  !  Gerald    Vesey,    LL.D.     [Born     15    July,     1832; 

i  died  18  Mar.,  1915.] 

No.  6. — Some  Famous  Old  Boys  :  Sir  Michael 
Foster.  [Native.  Born  8  Mar.,  1836;  died  29 
Jan.,  1907.] 

No.  7. — Some  Famous  Old  Boys  :    Oliver  Crom- 


Selections  j  from     the  \   St.      Ives  |  British 

School  j  Magazine  | 
St.    Ives:       Printed     by     P.     C.     Croft. 


1843,  pp.   74.  j  well.     [Native.     Born    25    April,    1599;     died    3 

The  preface  states  that  i  *^[   sheath  of  Mr.  J.  M.  Heathcote,  J.P., 

during  the  last  two  winters    the    Elder    Boys    of    D.L.     [Died  3  Aug.,  1912,  aged  78.] 
the   British   School,    St.    Ives    (assisted   by   their  j       No.   9. — View    of     Hinchingbrooke   House   and 
teachers    and    some    friends),  have    supported    a  j  Cromwell's  Barn,  St.  Ives. 

manuscript  monthly  magazine — that  is,  they  have  No.  10. — Some  Famous  Old  Boys:  Samuel 
had  the  paper  provided,  taken  it  home,  written  {  Pepys.  [Born  23  Feb.,  1633;  died  26  May,  1703.] 
on  any  subject  they  chose,  brought  the  pieces  j  View  of  Pepys's  House,  Brampton,  drawn  by  H. 
to  their  teacher,  who  has  sewn  them  together !  G.  Mitchell. 

and    then    circulated    it.     Some    of   the    original  i       No.    11.     The    Cromwell    House    Remains,    by 
pieces     were     subscribed     for     and     printed     by    S.  Inskip  Ladds,  A.R.I.B.A. 
friends.  (Signed)     J.  B.  Spring  Term :  1915.     "  Europe  at  War." 

J.  B.  was  James  Botterell,  the  first  master  j  In  progress'  J' B"  HowSafce>  M-A"  Headmaster, 
of  the  Boys'  British  School,  St.  Ives.  Thej  Kimbolton  Grammar  School,  founded  A.D. 
school  Was  built  in,  1839.  The  cost,  about  |  1600,  published  its  first  magazine  Christmas, 
£3,000,  Was  paid  by  the  late  Potto  Brown,  j  1878.  Its  title  was  Kinnibantum  Grammar 
It  was  opened  by  Mr.  Botterell  as  teacher  School  Magazine,  and  it  was  printed  by 
in  April,  1839.  He  left  St.  Ives  about  R.  C.  Ibbs,  at  Kimbolton. 
1856.  Vol.  i.  was  composed  of  six.  parts: 

,,     i  Christmas,   1878;    Easter,    Midsummer   and 

The   Huntingdon^  Grammar   School- -the  |  Christmas>    1879  .     and    Easter    and    Mid- 
third  oldest  endowed  school  in  ths  country, ;  sum          188(X 

being  preceded  only  by  Carlisle  and  Derby—,  Vol  -  No>  ?>  Christmas  1880.  in  1892 
was  founded  in  1187  by  David,  Earl  of;the  title  wag  changed  and  reads  Kinni. 
Huntingdon,  who  afterwards  became  ^Sl  bantum  :  The  Magazine  of  Kimbolton  Grammar 
of  Scotland.  Up  to  the  year  1874  the  school  |  Schooi 

building  "was  undoubtedly  Elizabethan'",  Vol;  v<  No.  19>  Easter,  1892  (price  six- 
then  the  discovery  was  made  that  the  i  e)  contams  an  article  on  '  The  Royal 
Elizabethan  work  was  only  a  shell  which  £risoi(er  of  Kimbolton.'  An  editorial  note 
covered  the  original  Norman  edifice  This  gtat  „  y  it  ig  the  old  reappearing 

was  removed  and  the  grand  old  architecture   in  ft    '  iet  unambitiouS  way.'' 
is  again  a  striking  feature  of  the  town.  Vo?  vL  No   22  Easter?  1893>  contains  an 

Here  Oliver  Cromwell  went  to  school, :  article  on  « The  Man  of  Huntingdonshire'; 
and  Samuel  Pepys  before  entering  St.  Paul  s  and  No<  23  an  account  o{  the  r|building  of 
School.  We  may  naturally  regret  that  no  the  gchool  in  1877  when  a  fregh  start  ^as 
magazine  was  conducted  at  this  most  m-  made  and  the  magazine  organized.  The 
terestmg  period-  The  first  magazine  was  j  headmaster  in  i877  was  W.  Digram,  B.Sc., 
not  Published  here  until  1861,  when  the  d  he  tm  continuesto  hold  thtt  important 
St.  John's  Monthly,  or  Half -Hours  at  the  \  VQS^OTi 
Grammar  School,  issued  at  least  eight  monthly  i  ^ 

numbers.  One  part  contained  an  article,  St.  George's  School,  Brampton,  was. 
'  The  Travelling  Menagerie,'  by  a  pupil, !  founded  in  1874,  the  headmaster  being 
•'P.  A.  A.,"  afterwards  the  Rev.  F.  A.  i  the  Rev.  R.  H.  Wix.  M.A.  (late  scholar  of 
Allen,  M.A.  St.  Peter's  College,  Cambridge). 


i2S.vin.APBiL23,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


It  soon  commenced  a  magazine,  The 
Bramptonian :  Chronicles  of  St.  George's 
School,  Brampton.  "  Not  only  words." 
Michaelmas,  1878. — The  first  number  con- 
tains  a  calendar  ;  '  Sir  Guy  of  Warwick  '  ; 
'  The  Night  before  Exams.'  ;  '  From  Milan 
to  Lucerne  '  ;  '  Prize  Day  '  ;  Chronicle.  It 
was  issued  four  times  a  year,  at  4s.  payable 
in  advance.  The  earlier  number,  1879,  was 
printed  by  Edis  and  Cooper  at  Huntingdon. 
The  next  in  sequence  was  published  at  St. 
Neots.  This  school  was  first  a  Church  of 
England  School  and  afterwards  St.  Joseph's 
College  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

Prospect  House  Gazette,  St.  Neots :  A 
Paper  for  the  Immortalization  of  the  Wit 
and  Genius  of  Prospect  House,  was  issued  as 
No.  3  in  March,  1890,  price  Id.  "  Being  an 
amalgamation  of  Parts  1  and  2  originally 
brought  out  in  MS.  4  pp.,  4to.  N.B. — The 
Editor  hopes  in  the  next  issue  of  this  paper 
to  be  able  to  give  his  readers  a  short  original 
tale." 

Miss  Eliza  Oliver  became  principal  of 
Prospect  House,  St.  Neots,  in  1862,  and 
retained  that  position  until  July,  1906,  when 
she  was  presented  wLh  a  purse  of  £60  by 
teachers  and  friends.  Miss  Oliver  died 
in  1912.  A  tablet  in  the  Congregational 
Church  has  this  inscription  : — 

In  Affectionate  Remembrance 

of 

ELIZA  OLIVER 

For  nearly  Fifty  Years  Principal 
of  Prospect  House 

School 

Died  12  Jan.  1912. 

This  Tablet  was  erected  as  a  Tribute  of  Love  and 
Esteem  by  her  Pupils. 


Miss  Qliver  was  succeeded  by  Miss  H.  B. 
Prentice,  and  in  1920  Miss  Prentice  was  suc- 
ceededjby  Miss  Bruce  and  Miss  Rogers. 

I  have  now  finished  my  list  of  magazines 
for  Huntingdonshire.  I  think  it  shows 
how  useful  these  publications  are  to  the 
boys  and  their  parents  and  also  to  a  larger 
circle  of  friends  who  are  interested  in  county 
schools  and  educational  matters.  Various 
branches  of  learning  and  sport  are  recorded 
in  the  successive  numbers,  so  that  a  volume 
contains  a  good  history  of  the  year's  work. 
It  also  links  up  some  of  the  old  boys,  who 
often  look  back  with  great  pleasure  to  their 
early  struggles  mentioned  in  its  pages. 
These  magazines  are  useful  also  for  biogra- 
phical and  genealogical  and  many  other 
purposes.  So  many  schools  now  publish 
their  own  periodicals  that  the  literature 
deserves  collecting,  and  lists  should  be  made 
for  reference.  The  great  difficulty  of  sus- 
taining a  small  paper  makes  their  life  un- 
certain, and  the  series  is  broken  and  re -started 
and  then  soon  finished ;  so  that  it  is  not 
easy  to  get  all  the  magazines  even  of  a  single 
county,  and  it  becomes  more  important  for 
bibliography  to  come  in  and  register  them, 
bearing  as  they  do  in  some  measure  on  the 
past  and  future  history  of  the  country.  All 
the  papers  mentioned  above  were  entirely 
produced  in  the  county  and  now  brought 
to  the  notice  of  the  wider  public  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
It  is  the  love  of  the  history  of  our  schools 
and  scholars  that  keeps  up  the  traditions  of 
our  country  and  its  patriotism. 

HERBERT  E.  NORRIS. 

Cirencester. 


AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF   1740. 

(See  12  S.  ii.  passim  ;  iii.  46,  103,  267,  354,  408,  438  ;    vi.  184,  233,  242,  290,  329  ; 
vii.  83,  125,  146,  165,  187,  204,  265,  308,  327,  365,  423;    viii.  6,  46,  82,    185.) 

THE  next  regiment  (p.  75)  is  one  of  the  six  which  were  raised  in  1702,  and  added  to  the 
army  as  a  Marine  Corps. 

From  1751  to  1782  it  was  designated  the  "  Thirtieth  Regiment  of  Foot  "  ;  from  1782 
to  1881  the  "  Thirtieth  (or  the*  Cambridgeshire)  Regiment  of  Foot,"  and  from  1881  to  the 
present  time  (1921)  "  The  East  Lancashire  Regiment  "  (1st  Battalion). 

Lieutenant-General  Bissett's  Regiment  of  Foot.  Dates  of  their  Dates  of  their 

present  commissions.         first  commissions. 

Colonel  . .          ..     Andrew  Bissett  ( 1)    ..          ..      25  Aug.   1717         Ensign  1  May    1688 

Lieutenant-Colonel  . .     Richard  Harward       . .          . .      29  May   1732         ditto  1  Jan.    1696-7 

Major  ..          ..     Francis  Pierson  (2)    ..          ,.     27  Sept.  1732         Captain        25  April  1711 

(1)  Major-General,  Mar.  3,  1727  ;    Lieut. -General,  Oct.  28,  1735.     Died  Aug.  22,  1742,  aged  82. 

(2)  Captain.  Aug.  25,  1717. 


328                               NOTES  AND 

QUERIES.        [12  S,  VIII.  APH1L23,  1921. 

Lieutenant-General  Bissett's  Regiment  of  Foot. 

Dates  of  their                      Dates  of  their 

present  commissions.           first  commissions. 

{Henry  Ravenhill  (3) 

14  June  1729          Ensign 

21  Mav    1720 

Peter  Buriaud 

1  Nov.   1730           Captain 

8  Feb.    1723-4 

Charles  Jefferys  (4)    .. 

1  Nov.   1734         Ensign 

20  Nov.  1710 

Peter  Margarett  (  5)   .  . 

26  Aug.    1737          Lieutenant 

23  May    1718 

Nicholas  Roniain 

14  Jan.    1737 

Abraham  Muir 

14  Aug.   1738          Ensign 

Aug.   1715 

James  Mosman 

1  Mar.    1738          ditto 

1   April  1712 

Captain-  Lieutenant  .  .      Charles  Bouchetiere  (6) 

1  Mar.    1738          Id  Lieut. 

1  Aug.   1708 

/Edward  Stillingfleet  (7) 

14  June  1729          ditto 

25  Aug.   1717 

Ralph  Bendysh  (  8)     .  . 

17  Mar.    1730          ditto 

24  Dec.    1720 

Palmer  Hodges 

19  Aug.   1731          ditto 

24  Oct.    1718 

Ventris  Scott 

26  Sept.  1732          ditto 

6  Mav    1719 

First  Lieutenants      .  .  « 

Moses  Laportt  (9) 

27  Sept.  1732          ditto 

24  Oct.    1709 

Harry  Meggs 

1  Nov.  1734          1st  Lieut. 

2f  June  1709 

David  Brevett 

28  Jan.    1735          2d  Lieut. 

8  Feb.    1723-4 

James  Ramsay 

26  Aug.   1736          ditto 

2  Feb.    1728-9 

V-  Charles  D'Avenant 

14  Aug.   1738          ditto 

1708 

William  Ball  (7) 

1  June  1732          2d  Lieut. 

1   June  1732 

, 

George  Joycelyn 

27   Sept.  1732 

William  Sinclare 

20  Dec.    1732 

Owen  Ormsby  (10)      .. 

1  Sept,  1734 

Second  Lieutenants  .  .< 

Hayman  Rooke  (11).. 

26  Aug.   1737 

William  Stewart 

27  Aug.   1737 

' 

Henry  •  Westenra 

14  Aug.   1738 

James  Gisbourn  (  12)  .  . 

1   June  1739 

^Francis  Pierson  (13)  .. 

1  Mar.    1738 

r  The  following  additional  names  are  entered 

in  ink  on  the  interleaf  :  — 

x  William  Hammond 

15  Jan.    1739/40 

Richard  Harward 

5  Feb.    1739/40 

Amyas  Buck 

10  May    1740 

Robert  Walter 

13  Mar.    1740/1 

Second  Lieutenants  .  .  « 

—  —         Bremingham 

ditto 

Peter  Chester 

ditto 

Thomas  Stone 

6  June  1740 

William  Southwell 

ditto 

v  Thomas  Margarett 

ditto 

(3)  Major,  Feb.  16,  1740/1. 

(4)  Younger  son  of  Brig. -General  Sir  James  Jefferys,  of  Blaney  Castle,  Co.  Cork.     Major,  Apr.  2, 
1742  ;    Lieut, -Colonel  of  the  34th  Foot,  Feb.  17,  1746  ;    Colonel  of  the  14th  Foot,  Jan.  2.  1756.      Died 
in  1765. 

(5)  Died  in  1743. 

(6)  Captain,  Feb.  5,  1739/40. 

(7)  Captain,  Mar.  13,  1740/1. 

(8)  Third  son  of  Thomas  Bendyshe,  of  Harrington  Hall,  Cambridgeshire.     Captain- Lieutenant , 
Mar.  13,  1740/1.     Died  in  1766,  aged  61. 

(9)  Captain,  Oct.  11,  1748.     Still  serving  in  1755. 

(10)  1st  Lieutenant,  Feb.  5,  1739/40. 

(11)  1st  Lieutenant,  Mar.  13,  1740/1;   Captain-Lieutenant,  Oct.  11,  1748.     Still  serving  in  1755. 

(12)  1st  Lieutenant,  June  5,  1741. 

(13)  1st  Lieutenant,  June  6,  1741. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Colonel  (Retired  List). 
(To  be  continued.) 


"A  GENTLEMAN,  A  SCHOLAR,  AND  A 
CHKISTIAN." — The  'N.E.D.,'  while  quoting 
"a  Sch  oiler  and  a  Gentleman"  and  "a 
Gentleman  arid  a  Scholer  "  from  the  first 
quarter  of  the  seventeenth  century,  furnishes 
no  earlier  instance  of  the  triple  combination 
than  the  passage  in  the  'Essays  of  Elia,' 
where  Lamb,  mentioning  "that  class  of 
modest  divines  who  affect  to  mix  in  equal 
proportion  .the  gentleman,  the  scholar,  and 


the  Christian,"  takes  occasion  to  remark 
that  "  the  first  ingredient  is  generally  found 
to  be  the  predominating  dose  in  the  composi- 
tion." But  long  before  this  Hacket  in  his 
'Life'  of  Archbishop  Williams,  p.  11, 
Wrote  of  Richard  Vaughan,  Bishop  of 
London,  that  he  had  '•'  much  of  a  Gentle- 
man, much  of  a  Scholar,  and  most  of  a 
Christian." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


i2S.vin.APRiL23,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


329 


WAR  PORTENTS. — -It  is  believed  by  some 
in  Germany  that  the  occurrence  of  mirage 
heralds  the  coming  of  a  great  war,  as  does 
also  the  advent  of  a  certain  kind  of  bird. 
A  lady  staying  in  Westphalia  made  the 
acquaintance  of  a  villager,  a  student  of 
nature,  who,  showing  her  a  bird  which  he 
had  caught  and  stuffed,  said  : — 

You  won't  know  this  bird,  lady,  for  I  never 
saw  it  before  in  my  life,  but  the  spring  of  last 
year,  before  the  war,  suddenly  whole  flocks  of 
strange  birds  appeared  here.  I  managed  to  catch 
this  one  :  and  looking  in  my  books  I  found  out 
what  it  was,  and  that  these  birds  hardly  ever 
appear  in  Germany.  They  come  from  the  North, 
and  only  in  great  flocks,  before  a  war. 

This  is  related  by  Princess  Bliicher  in 
«  An  English  Wife  in  Berlin  '  (p.  70),  and 
the  author  continues  : — 

I  spoke  to  Dr.  M ,  who  is  a  great  authority 

on  birds,  and  he  too  had  noticed  the  Silk-tails  or 
Chatterers  here  for  the  first  time.  He  said  there 
had  always  been  an  old  tradition  existing  among 
the  people  that  the  Silk-tails  were  a  foreboding 
of  war. 

ST.    S  WITH  IN. 


a  book  radiant  with  light  outweighs  a  gold  chain 
and  a  winged  world. 

Perhaps  someone  who  is  in  possession  of  Sir 
Thomas  Chaloner's  De  illustrium  quorundam 
Encomiis  Miscellanea,  cum  Epiyrammatibus  ac 
Epitaphiis  nonmdlls,  will  be  able  to  supply 
'  N.  «S:  Q.'  with  a  copy  of  the  epigram  in  question. 

J.  E.  S. 

SARDANAPALVS    AIT,    PEREVNT    MORTALIA    CVNCTA 
VT    CREPITVS,    PRESSO    POLLICE    DISSILIENS 

QVAE  PEREVNT,  NIGRO  FVGIVNTQ3  SIMILLIMA  FVMO 
AVREA     QVAXTVMVIS,     NIL     NISI     FVMVS     ERVNT. 

AT  MENS  CVLTA  VIRO,  POST  FVNERA,  CLARIOR  EXTAT 
PONDVS  INEST  MEXTI  CAETERA  VAXA  VOLANT. 
J/    fES    D.     MlLXER. 


©uerie*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SIR   THOMAS   CHALOVER. — It  may   be   of 
interest  to  repeat  an  inquiry  which  appeared 
in  «  N.   &   Q.'  at   3  S.   x;  28  (1866),  as  the; 
portrait  referred  to  was    presented  to  the ! 
National    Portrait    Gallery    by    Mr.    E.    A.  ; 
Mauiid  in  November,    1900.     Another  ver- 1 
sion  of  this  portrait  has  recently  appeared 
disclosing   the    full    inscription,    a    copy    of 
which  I  enclose. 

SIR  THOMAS   CHALOXER. — The    following     in- ' 
script  ion,  copied  from  a  portrait  of  Sir  Thomas 
Chaloner    the    elder     (belonging   to    Mrs.    M.    G. ! 
Edgar,  and  numbered   297  in  the  Exhibition  of 
National  Portraits  at  South  Kensington),  may  be  ! 
interesting  to  some  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
The  verses  were  probably  written  by  Sir  Thomas 
himself,  who,  besides  his  reputation  as  a  states- 
man and  soldier,  is  also  accredited  with  having 
been  one  of  the  best  Latin  verse  writers  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth  : — 

SARDANAPALVS  AIT  PEREVXT  MORTALIA  CVNCTA 
VT  CREPIT  P'SS  OLLICE  DISSILIENS 

QVAE  PEREVNT  IROI  VI  VNTQ3  8IMILLIMA  FVMO 
AVREA  QVAN  VMVIS  NIL  NISI  FVMVS  ERVNT 

AT  MENS  CVLT  VIRO  POST  FVNERA  LARIOR  TAT 
D  N  O  M  EXT  AN  VOLANT. 

The    following    may    be    suggested    as    a    con- 
jectural restoration  : — 
Sardanapalus  ait,  Pereunt  mortalia  cuncta, 

Ut  crepitus  presso  pollice  dissiliens  : 
Quae  pereunt  trepido  (?)  viyuntque  simillima  fumo 

Aurea  quantumvis,  nil  nisi  fumus  erunt 
At  mens  culta  viro  post  funera  clarior  extat 
.     Denuo  ;    vera  manent  gaudia,  vana  volant. 

I  ought  to  add  that  the  portrait  represents 
Sir  Thomas  in  the  act  of  snapping  his  fingers  and 
holding  in  his  left  hand  a  pair  of  scales,  in  which 


ETCHING    BY   ROWLANDSON  :     k  PAWPAW 

SWEATMEATS    AND     PlCKLES     OF   ALL    SOBTS, 

BY  RACHELL,  P.P.' — I  have  a  very  interest- 
ing etched  caricature  of  four  persons.  The 
central  figure  is  that  of  a  fat  coloured  lady, 
richly  adorned  with  jewels,  wearing  a  minia- 
ture of  a  white  man,  while  a  distinguished 
looking  man  in  uniform,  apparently  the 
original  of  the  portrait,  is  looking  in  through 
a  window  on  the  right.  The  other  two  figures 
are  those  of  a  young  coloured  woman, 
standing,  wearing  a  turban  with  a  gresn  hat 
perched  curiously  on  one  side  of  it,  and  an 
elderly  ugly  man,  possibly  a  mulatto, 
wearing  a  straw  hat,  and  sporting  a  long 
pig-tail  and  spurs.  The  etching,  which  is 
hand-coloured,  has  "Rowlandson  fecit,"  but 
no  other  lettering  except  the  inscription 
on  the  wall  given  above. 

The  caricature  possibly  refers  to  some 
West  Indian  affair,  and  I  should  be  glad 
of  any  information  concerning  it.  There  is 
no  copy  of  it  in  the  British  Museum. 

JOHN  LANE. 

The  Bodley  Head,  Vigo  Street,  W.I. 

THE  EARLIEST  "  LONDON  "  BOOKS. — 
If  by  the  term  "  London  "  it  is  understood 
that  books  of  direct  London  interest,  as 
dealing  with  its  topography  or  with  in- 
cidents in  its  history,  are  meant,  then 
there  is  some  doubt  as  to  which  are  really 
the  earliest.  Richard  Arnold's  '  Chronicle 
or  Customs  of  London  '  may  be  so  classified. 
Its  purpose,  as  the  sub-title  at  the  top  of  the 
lefthand  column  in  A  ii.  recto  indicates,  is 
to  provide  a  record  or  chronicle  of  specific 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.viii.APRii.23, 1021. 


London  interest.  The  first  edition,  printed 
circa  1505  at  Antwerp,  by  Adrian  van 
Berchem,  is  therefore  the  earliest  work 
of  its  kind,  and  apparently  the  re-issue, 
published  in  1523,  but  possibly  printed 
in  1521,  is  its  immediate  successor  of  any 
importance  ;  only  two  sermons  appear  to 
have  been  printed  in  the  interim.  In  1509 
Wynkyn  de  Worde  printed  '  Fyrher  (John 
Bishop  of  Rochester)  his  sermon  in  the 
Cathedrall  Chyrche  of  Saynt  Paule,  the 
Bodye  beyinge  present  of  the  most  famouse 
Prynce  K.  Hen.  VII.  Empr  [?]  at  the 
Speciall  requeste  of  the  Pryncesse  Mar- 
garete  moder  unto  the  sayd  noble  Prynce.' 
In  1511  Thomas  Berethelet  printed  Dean 
Colet's  sermon  to  the  Convocation  at  St. 
Paul's. 

St.  Paul's  is  the  subject  of  the  next  group 
of  early  books  and  pamphlets,  those, 
namely,  issued  .in  1561,  in  English,  8vo, 
by  W.  Seres,  in  French,  4to,  by  Guillaume 
Nysserd  at  Paris,  and  in  Latin  by  John 
Day,  on  the  storm  and  resulting  destruction 
by  fire  of  the  steeple  of  St.  Paul's.  These 
pamphlets  have  been  reprinted  several 
times  and  are  fully  discussed  by  the  Rev. 
W.  J.  Sparrow  Simpson  ('  St.  Paul's  Cathedral 
Library,'  1893,  p.  71).  This  excellent 
bibliographer  also  lists  a  pamphlet  attri- 
buted to  1539,  '  The  Enquirie  and  Verdite 
of  the  quest  panneld  of  the  death  of  Richard 
Hune  wich  was  founde  hanged  in  Lolars 
Tower.'  "Lollard's  Tower"  at  St.  Paul's  is 
identified  by  Stow,  but  the  pamphlet, 
although  of  small  interest,  is  not  to  be 
omitted  from  my  list. 

One  other  pamphlet  calls  for  notice 
before  passing  to  the  period  of  press  activity 
when  such  works  became  almost  numerous. 
In  1571  John  Day  printed  '  The  Effect  of  the 
declaratio  made  in  the  Guildhall  by  M.Recorder 
of  London,  concerning  the  late  attemptes  of 
the  Queenes  maiesties  Euill,  seditious, 
and  disobedient  subieties.'  The  date  is 
added  to  the  title  in  MS.  by  a  contemporary 
hand,  and  is  probably  accurate.  The 
pamphlet — in  black  letter — describes  the 
meeting  at  the  Guildhall  in  the  "  maiors 
Court,  having  all  the  Wardens  of  the 
companies  before  them,  with  a  great  multi- 
tude of  other  citizens,"  Fleetwood's  speech, 
the  Lord  Mayor's  reply,  and  the  loyal 
acclamations  of  the  multitude,  the  text 
finishing  "  God  save  Queen  Elizabeth  and 
confound  her  Enemies." 

There  is  much  uncertainty  in  these  early 
years  of  the  press  ;  possibly  I  have  omitted 


some  pamphlet  that  should  have  been 
included.  My  list  describes  two  that  have 
hitherto  been  overlooked.  I  should  be  glad 
to  hear  of  any  others  known  to  readers  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

GHOST  STORIES  CONNECTED  WITH  OLD 
LONDON  BRIDGE. — Dickens,  in  'The  Pick- 
wick Papers,'  when  describing  the  George 
Inn  in  the  Borough,  remarks  on  the 
numerous  ghost  stories  and  old  legends 
connected  with  Old  London  Bridge,  and 
which  are  "  sufficiently  numerous  to  fill 
a  good-sized  volume." 

Can  anyone  give  me  any  examples  or 
put  me  on  the  track  of  them  ? 

REGINALD  JACOBS. 

CAPT.  COOK'S  CREW  :  COCO-NUT  CUP. — • 
Quite  recently  an  old  silver-mounted  coco- 
nut cup  has  come  into  my  possession  which, 
although  not  hall-marked,  I  date  about 
1760-1775. 

*  The  coco-nut  itself  is  chased  or  engraved, 
the  details  of  which  decoration  are  strongly 
suggestive  of  its  having  originally  belonged 
to  one  of  Capt.  James  Cook's  crew.  There 
is  the  figure  of  a  man,  and  the  name  Joseph 
and  also  the  name  of  a  woman. 

In  the  centre  of  the  cup  is  a  medallion 
enclosing  a  double  monogram,  .J.G.,  and  set 
in  the  foot  is  a  medal  with  inscription  as 
below. 


After  referring  to  all  the  books  on  Cook's 
travels  which  are  available  to  me,  I  am  un- 
able to  decide  who  was  the  owner,  but  I 
find  there  was  a  Joseph  Gilbert  who  was 
master  of  the  Resolution  on  Cook's  second 
voyage. 

Could  anyone  tell  me  (a)  the  name  of 
Joseph  Gilbert's  wife  (if  any)  ;  (b)  if  any 
medal  was  granted  to  Cook  apart  from  the 
Copley  Medal ;  (c)  meaning  of  inscription? 

I  shall  be  most  grateful  for  any  help. 

A.  HUGH  DUNCALFE. 


i2S.viii.AEBiL23.i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  331 


SMALLEST  PIG  OF  A  LITTER. — Has  a  HABEWAY,  ENGLEFIELD,  BERKS.  —  In 
complete  list  of  the  names  for  the  smallest  vol.  i.  (1889)  of  the  Journal  of  the  Berks 
pig  in  a  litter  been  compiled  with  the  locality  Archaeological  Society,  on  pp.  80  and  136, 
in  which  each  name  is  used  ?  I  have  the  reference  is  made  to  a  road  called  "  Hare- 
following  : — Cad  (Essex)  Harry-Pig  (Aber-  way."  It  is  said  to  be  so  called  in  a  "  ter- 
cleenshire)  Crink  (Breconshire),  also  Runt  rier,  temp.  Edw.  VI."  I  should  much  like 
and  Rickling  of  uncertain  locality.  to  know  more  about  this  road,  and  should 

MEDINEWS.        be  very  grateful  if  any  reader  could  tell  me 

SONG  WANTED, — Can  any  reader  inform  where  the  terrier  is  to  be  found  now.  A 
me  where  I  can  get  the  words  of  the  old  fuller  extract  from  it  is  desirable,  in  order 
Irish  song  'Brian  O'Lynn  had  no  breeches  that  the  course  of  the  "  Hareway,"  which  is 
to  wear '  ?  W.  G.  ELLIOT.  of  great  historical  importance,  may  be 

precisely  located. 

ROSE  GORDON  :  <  CHILD  E  ARCHIE'S  PILGRIM-  On  p.  44  of  the  same  volume  is  a  reference 
AGE.'— This  was  the  name  of  a  satire  in  to  a  map  of  1770  of  the  country  10  miles 
Byronic  stanzas  by  R[ose]  Gordon,  published  round  Padworth,  Berks,  and  of  four  others, 
in  1873.  Was  "  Archie "  a  real  person  ?  unspecified.  Are  these  large-scale  manu- 
Rose  Gordon  published  two  other  satires —  script  estate  maps,  and,  if  so,  where  are 
'  M.P.s  '  in  18^76  and  '  The  Past  and  Present  '  they  to  be  found  now  ?  M.  O.  G. 

in  1879.     Who  was  she  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH.  "  SCOTCH  HANDS.'' — The  wooden  spatulas, 

37,  Bedford  Square.  W.C.I.  ribbed  on  one  side,  used  by  butter -makers 

*  THE  GOLDEN  MANUAL.'— The  Rev.  John  • in  handling  and  making-up  biitter  are  now 
Gordon,  of  the  Birmingham  Oratorv,  is  said  !  generally  known  as  "  Scotch  Hands."  How 
to.  have  "  compiled  '  The  Golden  Manual '."  &d  thls  name  for  them  originate,  and  when  ? 
What  was  it  ?  I  cannot  find  it  in  the  I  have  recently  examined  a  large  number  of 
British  Museum.  J.  M.  BULLOCH.  agricultural  publications  issued  between 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I.  1821  and  1855  and  have  not  found  a   single 

instance  where  these   "  implements  "  were 

^  ARCHBISHOP   TILLOTSON   AND    THE   LAST   called  "  Scotch  Hands." 
SACRAMENTS. — It    appears    from    '  Clothed  R.  HEDGER  WALLACE. 

in  Cedar,'  an  article  in  the  January  number 

of  The  Cornhiil,  that  Queen  Mary,™  ife  of  King        "  THE   MILK   OF   PARADISE.  " —  What    is 
William  III.,  was  ministered  to  on  her  death-    "  the  Milk  of  Paradise  "  in  the  last  line  of 
bed  by  Archbishop  Tillotsoii,  and  that  pre-    Coleridge's    '  Kubla  Khan  :  ? 
sumably  from  him  "  she1  received  the  Last  T.  HENDERSON. 

Sacraments."     Could   that   be   the   case   in       Mapumulo,  Natal. 

ST.  SWITHIN.  «  HE    ^^    NEVEB    SET    THE 


RESIDENCE  or  MRS.  FITZHERBERT.— The   *IBE-  ~ Thls    expression    occurs    in     '  The 
question  of  the  whereabouts  of  the  residence    Secret  Woman,'  by  Eden  Phillpotts,  p.  23. 
in  Brighton  of  the  good,  clever  and  beautiful    yoljJd  an^  reader  tel1  me  lf  «  1S  common 
Mrs.    Fitzherbert    has    never    been    finally  ;  m  Devon  or  any  other  county  ?^ 
settled.     The    accepted    storv    is    that    she  " '  GRANT. 

lived  in   a  mansion   on  the 'south   side   of       Ashfield,  Cults,  Aberdeen. 
Steine  Lane,  known  as  Steine  House    and ,      BEELEIGH    ABBEY.— I    am    desirous     of 

v°S  nCrUpl£  •    yn f      j°S? * b™nch  °l^he   obtaining  a  copy  of  '  The  Present  State  of 
\  .M.C.A.     It  is  alleged  that  this  tradition '  Beeleigh    Abbey     Essex  '     bv    G     Draper 
j   erroneou.s    and    that    the    actual    house !  4to>  ffi&     Can  any  reader  help  me  ? 
stands   on  the   opposite,    or  northern,   side;  j^    E    THOM\S 

of  Steine  Lane,  the  property  of  the  Earl  of  |      Beeleigh  Abbev  Maldon,  Essei. 
Portarhngton,    who    inherited    it    and    the 

Fitzherbert   relics.     It   would   appear   that       SCOTT  FAMILY. — In  the  Register  of  Sasines 

for    the    County    of    Fife,    William    Scott, 


both  houses  were  owned  by  Mrs.  Fitzherbert. 
Mr.  W.  H.  WTilkins,  in  his  book,  '  Mrs. 
Fitzherbert  and  George  IV.,'  has  not  made 
the  place  of  her  actual  residence  clear. 

JAMES   SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove. 


Surgeon  R.N.,  is  seised,  March  14,  1783,  of 
Stewartsheath,  Halheath  or  WTesterheath 
in  that  county.  The  record  also  mentions, 
in  1814,  his  sister  Jean  Hair,  a  Lieut.  -CoJ. 
Martin  Lindsay,  78th  Regt.  of  Foot,  and 


332  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.vin.APim.23, 1021. 


Marten  Lindsay  of  Charlton,  brother  of  Perhaps  some  Continental  Catholic  cor- 
James  Lindsay  of  Merton  in  Surrey,  respondent  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  could  say  where 
Merchant,  London.  The  General  Register  information  respecting  the  Gravelin.es  part 
of  Sasines  describes  William  Scott  as  might  be  obtained.  As  Browne  was  in 
"  Chirurgeon  in  Classe  Britannica,  the  line  of  succession  to  the  extinct  Viscount  y 
Royal  Navy.  "  Can  any  reader  with  a  of  Montagu,  for  which  at  different  times 
knowledge  of  naval  records  give  particulars  there  have  been  claimants,  (though  the 
of  this  William  Scott,  especially  regarding  question  is  not  of  interest  to  me  in  that 
his  parentage,  marriage  and  issue,  if  any,  direction),  the  pedigree  may  have  been 
or  say  where  such  particulars  are  likely  to  fully  worked  out.  The  parish  registers 
be  obtained  ?  These  lands  were  later  of  Kiddington  do  not  give  any  informa- 
in  possession  of  John  Scott  of  St.  Mildred's  tion.  G.  B.  M. 

Court,  London,  and  of  Rockhills  and  Penge  REPEBEXCE  WANTED.— I  am  desirous  of  finding 
Place,  Kent,  whose  parentage  is  also  sought  ;  a  passage  in  Burke  running  somewhat  as  follows  : — 
lie  was  born  about  1763,  married  Ruth  "  Fables  made  up  by  the  knaves  of  one  generation 
Lovelace  and  had  issue,  and  died  in  Paris  to  deceive  the  fools  of  the  next.''  .  .  .  Can 
in  1828.  C.  CLABKSON  SHAW,  Capt.  an^  reader  of  *•  &  Q-  assist  •  INQUIRER. 

The  Citadel,  Quebec.  AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED  : — 

,      ,    "  Yet  to  the  remnants  of  thy  splendour  past, 

THE  THAMES  RUNNING  DRY.— [  am  asked       shall  piigrims  pensive  but  unwearied  throng." 
to  inquire  from  '  N«  &  Q.'  as  to  the  follow-  L.B. 

ing  statement : — 

"  Years  ago — after  a  very   long  and  very  dry  i&£ttlt£& 

summer — it   was    possible   to    cross    the   Thames 

on  foot  from  some  place  not  far  from  London."  ROSE-COLOURED    VESTMENTS    ON 

Where     could     this    have    been    and    in  MOTHERING    SUNDAY, 

what  year  ?  C.   DE   BEAUFORT. 

Radnor  Club,  Folkestone.  (12  S.  viii.  249,  296.) 

,,r          ,T  T      /m.      r>  g       4.1-     I  DO  not  think  that  Mr.  Bumpus's  account  is 

.  <  *£  K*J"ftS  -  ™\Bazaar  for/  quite  accurate.  After  stating  that  dalmatics 
1st,  8th,  and  15th  mst  has  appeared  an  £  pose  colour  uged  Qn  Mfd.Lent  Sund 

interesting    article    on    Metal    and   Enamel   i  

Bottle-Labels.      The    writer    suggests    that ', 

these  ™»  first  made  i for f  the  flack  glass ;  ^ISfJ^  £*«£Z^  t±uT« 

bottles  which  superseded  the  named  Lam-    being    festal    garments,    and     ministered    in    the 

beth  delft  bottles,  which  ceased  to  be  made   planeta,  or  folded  chasuble,  or  in  their  albs.     On 

about    1660.     There    is    a   list    of    over    150   the   Third   Sunday  in  Advent    and   the   Fourth 

names   found    on   labels   from   which   I    cull   Sunday  in  Lent    the  dalmatic  and  tunicle  weiv 

the  following  :— Boal,  Camp,  Casses,  Cercial   res£med  for  the  daf  on^ 

(and  Sercial),    Frontignac,    Leo  villa     Lunel,        This  would  imply  that  only  the  epistoler 

Mischanza,    Rota,    Sietges,    Termo,    Tinta,   and  gospeller  wore  rose-coloured  vestments 

and  Vin  de  Vierge.     Perhaps  some  of  your   on  thofe  Sundays  ;  but  the  priest  wears  a 

readers   versed   in   wine   lore   can   give   the   rose-coloured  chasuble  and  m  poor  churches, 

locale  of  these  wines.  J.  C.        ]Thlch  cannot  afford  the, ful1  fV  ha™  seei{ 

the  priest  in  a  rose-coloured  chasuble  and 

BROWNE  FAMILY  OF  KIDDINGTON,  the  assistant  ministers  in  albs,  with  rose- 
OXON. — Burke,  in  his  '  Extinct  Baronet-  coloured  stoles  and  maniples,  or  even  with 
age,'  states  that  Sir  Henry  Browne  of  the  red  dalmatic ,  and  tunicle  of  another 
Kiddington  married,  first,  Anne,  daughter  set. 

of  Sir  William  Catesby,  of  Ashby  St.  Ledgers,  j  The  attempt  to  connect  this  usage  with  the 
by  whom  he  had  two  daughters,  who  be-  ceremony  of  the  blessing  of  the  Golden  Rose 
came  nuns  at  Gravelines.  But  Burke  (Father  Thurston,  quoted  by  MR.  WAINE- 
gives  the  name  of  Browne's  second  wife  |  WRIGHT  at  ante.  296)  seems  to  me  hope- 
as  Mary,  when  she  is  named  Elizabeth  in  |  lessly  far-fetched.  I  imagine  that  it  arose 
his  will.  Is  the  year  of  Anne  Lady  Browne's !  from  an  attempt  to  represent  in  liturgical 
•death  or  the  names  and  ages  of  those  |  form  the  character  of  the  mass-lessons  for  the 
daughters  known  ?  She  was  not  married  days  which  are  cheerful  compared  with 
at  the  date  of  the  marriage  settlement,  on  |  the  sad  seasons  in  which  they  occur,  and  in 
March  2,  1591/2,  of  her  brother,  Robert!  which  these  Sundays  form  a  period  of  re- 
Catesby,  the  Gunpowder  Plot  conspirator,  freshment  and  relaxation. 


lL'S.VJIT.ArniL23.1921.]         NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


333 


The  following  points  may  be  noted  : — 

(1)  There  is  no  trace  of  this  usage  in  England 
before  the  Reformation. 

(2)  The  practice  is    found    in    the  Church   of 
England    to-day    in     some     Churches    where    the 
Roman  sequence  of  colours  is  followed  :  I  know 
of   three    churches    in    London    possessing    rose- 
coloured  sets,  and  there  are  probably  more. 

(3)  Rose-coloured  vestments    are    also  worn  at 
Rome    on   Christmas   Eve   when     Christmas   falls 
on  a  Monday. 

S.  G. 


JULIE  BONAPARTE'S  LETTERS  (12  S. 
viii.  292). — General  Sir  Henry  Fane  cap- 
tured the  royal  carriage  at  the  Battle  of 
Vitoria  with  his  own  regiment,  the  7th 
Dragoon  Guards,  of  which  he  was  Colonel- 
in-Chief.  The  equipage  was  sent  home  and 
the  mules  (which  I  was  told  were  white) 
were  kept  for  many  years  at  Pythouse  in 
South  Wiltshire,  until  they  died,  and  the 
coach  was  eventually  sold  by  the  late  Vere 
Fane-Benett-Stanford  to  Mme.  Tussaud. 

I  recollect  seeing  King  Joseph's  travelling 
clock  in  Pythouse  some  40  years  ago.  My 
<iousin,  Capt.  J.  M.  Benett-Stanford,  the 
present  owner,  writes  me  that  he  has  a 
warrant  from  Napoleon  conferring  the 
title  of  Baron  on  Colonel  Curto  of  the  9th 
Chasseurs  a  Cheval,  but  that  he  has  never 
heard  of  any  letters. 

VERE  L.  OLIVER,    F.S.A. 

Weymonth. 

"  COUNTS  OF  THE  HOLY  ROMAN  EMPIRE  " 
(12  S.  viii.  148,  212,  273).— Perhaps  it  may 
interest  others  besides  A.  A.  A.  to  have  the 
exact  wording  of  a  part  of  a  Patent  of 
Nobility  granted  by  the  Emperor  of  the 
Holy  -Roman  Empire. 

I  only  give  an  extract  that  bears  on  the 
issue  in  the  female  line,  as  that  is  the  case 
in  point  of  the  query.  These  diplomas 
were,  of  course,  always  worded  in  Latin  : — 

Ac  proinde  ex  certa  nostra  scientia,  animo 
beiie  deliberate  et  sano  accedente  concilio  deque 
Caesareae  nostra  potestatis  plenitudine,  tibi, 
Lamberte  Ignati  de  Stembert  non  solum  nobili- 
tatem  tuam  qua  a  parentibus  tuis  hactenus  gloria- 
baris  benigne  confirmamus  et  quatenus  opus 
est,  earn  cum  omnibus  et  singulis  juribus,  praercv-  i 
gativis  et  piivilegiis  de  novo  concedimus  et 
elargimur.  Verum  etiam  te  Militem  seu  equitem 
nostrum  imperialem  facimus,  creamus,  iiominamus  i 
et  constituimus,  teque  pariter  ac  omnes  liberos, 
haeredes,  posteros  ac  descendentes  ex  legitimo  matri- 
monio  nascituros  utrinsqiie  sexus  in  numerum 
consortium,  gradum  et  dignitatem  nostrorum 
<-t  Sacri  Romani  Imperil,  Regnorumque  et 
dominiorum  nostrorum  haereditariorum  militcm 
M«-U  equitum  assumimus,  extollimus  et  aggre- 
ganrus,  vosque  omnes  et  singulos  juxta  sort  is 


humanae    qualitatem     antiqui     ordinis     equestris 

;  et    tanquam    ex    equestri  genere  a  quatuor  avis 

'  paternis   et   maternis    procreates    dicimus,   nomi- 

namus     ac     antiqui     equestris     ordinis     fascibus 

insignamus  et  illustramus,  &c.,  <fcc. 

My  kinsman,  Lambert  Ignace  de  Stem- 
j  bert,  to  \vhom  this  Diploma  was  issued 
on  the  17th  of  September,  1734,  although 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Liege,  a  city  then 
forming  part  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire, 
never  rendered,  I  am  sure,  any  signal  service 
to  the  Empire  that  can  be  compared  to 
what  Thomas  Arundel  achieved.  Yet,  al- 
though he  was  not  made  a  Count,  his  de- 
scendants were  promised — or  should  I 
say  guaranteed  ? — the  same  prerogatives 
for.  ever  as  those  of  Thomas  Arundel, 
and  so  were  those  who  benefited  by  the  tens 
of  thousands  of  other  diplomas  that  were 
given  out  during  the  centuries.  I  leave 
it  to  A.  A.  A.  to  draw  his  own  conclusions. 
To  me  it  has  always  appeared  to  be  a 
mere  Chancery  formula,  not  specially  in- 
vented for  Thomas  Arundel ;  and  one  which 
was  perfectly  well  understood,  in  the  past, 
only  to  refer  to  the  female  'descendants  of 
the  same  name  as  the  beneficiary. 

W.  DEL  COURT. 
47,  Blenheim  Crescent,  W.ll. 

ROBERT  WHATLEY  :  JAMES  STREET,  WEST- 
MINSTER (12  S.  viii.  243). — In  his  gorgeously 
interesting  articles  re  Robert  Whatley,  MR. 
BUCKLAND  queries  as  to  the  "  James  Street, 
Westminster,"  from  which  his  hero  writes 
in  1720.  Mr.  Buckland  suggests  that  this 
address  was  intended  to  convey 
possibly  St.  James's  Street,  where  he  will 
be  found  in  1737  and  1738  ;  or  else  James  Street, 
Haymarket,  or  James  Street,  Covent  Garden. 

May  I  suggest  that  when  Whatley  wrote 
''  James  Street,  Westminster,"  he  meant 
exactly  what  he  said  ?  I  now  live  at  36, 
Buckingham  Gate.  When  I  came  here 
rather  more  than  21  years  ago,  the  same 
block  of  flats  was  then  known  as  23  James 
Street,  Westminster.  Farther  up  the  road 
used  to  stand  Tart  Hall,  where  lived  that 
Viscount  Stafford  who  was  beheaded  in  the 
Titus  Gates  Plot.  M.  E.  W. 

"SINGING  BREAD  "  (12  S.  viii.  269,  297). — 
In  the  north. of  England  girdle  cakes,  which 
are  cooked  over  the  fire  on  flat  iron  plates, 
were  called  by  old  people  until  quite  recently 
"  singin'  hinnies'  "  on  account,  they  say,  of 
the  noise  they  make  while  being  cooked. 
It  appears  to  me  that  we  need  go  no  further 
for  the  reason  why  the  wafer  was  called 
"  singing  bread."  A.  E.  S. 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.APHiL23.i92i. 


SOME  ULSTER  RHYMES  (12  S.  viii.  292).— 
I  trust  I  may  be  acquitted  of  pedantry 
if  I  demur  to  the  Ulster  rendering  of  our 
Scots  rhyme  about  the  Borrowing  Days. 
It  hurts  me  that  the  prosody  of  the  original 
should  have  been  so  dislocated  in  crossing 
the  Irish  Channel.  The  version  current 
in  the  Borders  runs  thus  : — 

March  saith  to  Averil, 

"  I  see  three  hoggs  on  yonder  hill. 

If  thou  wilt  lend  me  dayes  three, 

I'll  find  the  means  to  gar  them  dee." 

The  first  day  it  was  wind  an'  weet ; 

The  second  day  was  snaw  an'  sleet ; 

The  third  day  it  was  siccan  freeze, 

It  froze  the  birds'  nebs  to  the  trees. 

When  these  three  days  was  past  and  gane 

The  silly  hoggs  cam  hirplin'  hame.     * 

MB.  ARDAGH  spells  "  hogs  "  with  a  single 
"g,"  which  means  "pigs";  but  "hoggs" 
is  the  term  for  sheep  in  their  second  year. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
Moiireith. 

The  rhymes  relating  to  terminal  March 
weather  are  dear  to  Scots  on  both  sides  of 
the  North  Channel.  See  Chambers's  '  Popu- 
lar Rhyines  of  Scotland,'  pp.  368,  369. 
"  Barley  bread,"  &c.,  is  new  to  me. 

ST.   SWITHIN. 

THE  RoxYAL  HORSE  GUARDS  (12  S.  viii. 
293). — In  John  S.  Farmer's  '  Regimental 
Records  of  the  British  Army :  Titles,  Cam- 
paigns, Honours,  Uniforms,  Facings,  Badges 
and  Nicknames,'  published  by  Grant 
Richards  in  1901,  there  is  the  following 
information  concerning  the  uniform  and 
bibliography  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards  : — 

Uniform. — Blue  with  scarlet  facings  (from 
1661).  [This  is  the  year  in  which  this  Royal 
Regiment  was  established.]  Plume,  Red. 

Bibliography. — '  An  Historical  Record  of 
the  Royal  Regiment  of  Horse  Guards,  or  Oxford 
Blues :  Its  Services  and  the  Transactions  in 
which  it  has  been  engaged  from  its  First  Establish- 
ment to  the  Present  Time.'  By  Edmund  Packe, 
late  Captain  Royal  Horse  Guards.  (London  : 
Clowes,  1834/') 

The  British  Museum  Catalogue  gives 
1847  as  the  date  of  the  publication  of  this 
book  ;  this  may  refer  to  a  second  edition. 

W.  B.  WHITE. 

4,  Canterbury  Road,  Colchester.' 

Has  COLONEL  HOWARD  consulted  the  fol- 
lowing : — • 

Arthur  (Sir  G.).  '  Story  of  the  Household ; 
Cavalry.'  1909.  2  vols.  Illustrated. 

Cannon  (Richard).  '  Historical  Records  of 
the  British  Army.'  1834-47.  With  coloured  : 
plates. 


Goddard.  '  Military  costume  of  Europe.'  1812. 
2  vols.  Fo.  With  96  hand-coloured  plates. 

Richards     (Walter).     '  Her     Majesty's    Army/ 
!  [Circa  1885.]     3  vols.     4to.    With  coloured  plates. 

If    these    prove    inadequate,    an    inquiry 
|  direct  to  the  Librarian,  War  Office,  London, 
|  S.W.I,    might  reveal  other  reference -books 
more  helpful.  W.  JAGGARD,  CAPT. 

DOUBLE  FIRSTS  AT  OXFORD  (12  S.  viii. 
249,  294). — It  is  hardly  correct  to  speak 
of  "  double  "  firsts."  In  some  cases  at  any 
rate  those  mentioned  in  the  list  took  "  quad- 
ruple "  firsts  (i.e.,  in  Hon.  Classical  Mods., 
Hon.  Math.  Mods.,  Lit.Hum.,  and  the  Final 
Hon.  School  of  Mathematics).  This  is 
true  of  the  last  two  names  given,  viz.,  the 
present  Bishop  of  Chichester  and  the  late 
Charles  Stennett  Adamson.  It  may  be  a 
debatable  point  whether  there  is  greater 
merit  in  taking  firsts  in  two  Final  Honour 
Schools  closely  following  on  one  another 
or  four  firsts  at  longer  intervals,  but  certainly 
there  are  only  very  few  men  who  accomplish 
the  latter  feat.  W.  H.  S. 

THE  QUALITIES  OF  FEMALE  BEAUTY 
(12  S.  viii.  247,  297).— Brantome,  in  his 
'  Vies  des  Dames  Galantes  '  gives  the  lines 
enumerating  the  thirty  qualities  in  Spanish, 
which  he  says  were  told  him  by  a  Spanish 
lady  in  Toledo — "  la  ou  il  y  en  a  de  tres- 
belles,  bien  gentilles  et  bien  apprises/' 
He  gives  a  French  translation  of  them. 
The  edition  of  Gamier  Freres  (no  date) 
has  a  footnote  to  the  effect  that  the  lines 
are  taken  from  an  old  French  book,  '  De 
la  Louange  et  Beaute  des  Dames,'  and  that 
Fran£ois  Corniger  rendered  them  in  eighteen 
Latin  verses,  while  Vincentio  Calmeta  had 
also  translated  them  into  Italian  verses — 
beginning  Dolce  Flaminia.  T.  F.  D. 

BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii,  208,  253, 
278,  296,  314).— This  original  verse  is  the 
book-plate  of  a  friend  of  mine. 

You  may  read  it,  or  mark  it, 

Digest  it,  or  learn  it ; 

May  like  it,  dislike  it, 

Accept  it,  or  spurn  it ; 

I  don't  care  which  you  do 

If  you  only  return  it. 

W.  COURTHOPE  FORM  AN. 

MR.  McGovERN  may  be  interested  to  know 
that  the  lines  quoted  on  the  book-plate  of 
Benjamin  Bury  appear,  with  slight  varia- 
tion, on  33  book-labels  of  other  owners 
in  my  possession.  R.  E.  THOMAS. 

Beeleigh  Abbey,  Maldon,  Essex. 


i2s.vm.APBii.23,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  335 


••THE  EMPIRE"'  (12  S.  viii.,  191,  258,^  "  H.  K.,"  MEMBER  FOR  MALDOX  (12  S. 
315). — Here  is  a  use  of  the  word  which  de- ;  viii.  169,  217). — John  Huske,  Esq.,  was 
serves  notice.  On  an  unpretentious  build-  returned  for  Maldon,  26  April,  1763, 
ing  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  just  across  (vice  Bamber  Gascoyne,  Esq.,  appointed 
the  way  from  the  cemetery  where  Benjamin  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  Trade  and 
Franklin  lies  buried,  there  is  a  tablet  with  Plantations).  He  was  born  at  Portsmouth, 
this  inscription:-—  ;  New  Hampshire,  3  July,  1724;  was  a 

Erected  by  General  Subscription  for  the  merchant  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and 
Free  Quakers  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  1783,  of!  removed  to  England,  where  he  died  about 
the  Empire  8.  j  1773  He  was  son  of  Ellis  Huske  (Coun- 

Going  back  to  the  days  of  the  American 
Revolution  the  Quakers  or  Society  of  Friends, 
of  whom  there  were  many  in  Philadelphia, 


cillor    of    the    Province    from    1733    to    his 
death  in  1755),  and  his  wife,  Mary  Plaisted. 
The  poem,    '  Oppression,'    was   twice  re- 


preferred  peace  to  war,   but   many   of  the  |  printed  in  America  in  the  same  year,  1765, 

younger   members    thought  the«practice  of  \  at  Boston  and  at  New  York. 

patriotism  preferable  to  the  pursuit  of  pelf'      The  identity  of  the  "American"  author, 

and  they  entered  the  army.     For  this  they  !  who   speaks   so  scornfully  of  the  regenade 

were  disciplined,   expelled  from  fellowship.  |  "  Yankey,"  is  unknown  to  American  biblio- 

The    war    over,    independence    won,    they  |  graphers,    as    is    that   of  the  North    Briton 

sought  to  worship  as  before,  but  the  Society  i  editor.  M.  RAY  SANBORN. 

would  not  receive  them      For  them  a  meet-  :      Yale  Univer8ity  Library,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

mg  -house  was  built,  as  the  tablet  states,  by  i 

general  subscription;   and  there  they  wor-  1      'THE  TOMAHAWK'  (US.  vii.  369,  413).  — 

shipped  until  the  last  of  them  died,  fifty   One  is  glad  to  find  the  following  announce  - 

years    after.     They    were    known    as    Free    ment  in  the  book  catalogue  issued  by  Messrs. 

Quakers.     The  use  of  the  word  "  Empire  "  j  T.    and    M.    Kennard,     22,    Regent  -street, 

is  strictly  correct,  for  at  that  time  the  thirteen  |  Leamington  Spa  :  —  • 

independent  States  were  under  the  Confedera-  I      Lot     517.      TOMAHAWK     (The),     a    Saturday 

tion,  with  the  Continental  Congress  as  the  !  Journal  of  Satire,  with  the  celebrated  series  of 

supreme     head.        The     inscription    would  !  cartoons  in  colour,  6  vote.  4to,  original  cloth  cases, 

ft£  the    date    of    erection   between  July  4,  1  l^hSnTo,  US,  £«£  sUfo^e 

1783,  and  the  close  of  that  year.     That  was  ,  Dishonest,  by  the  Wigwams  of  the  Heartless  and 

before    the    adoption    of    the    Constitution,    the    Faithless  —  Tomahawk    pursues    his    way 

which  converted  the  loose  Confederation  into    fearlessly." 

the  more  perfect  Union  which  has  become  '      The  dates  given  definitely  fix  the  period 

a   Nation.  JOHN  E.  NORCROSS.        of  existence  of  this  sledge-hammer  publica- 

Brooklyn,  U.S.  ,  tion,  as  sought  by  your  numerous  querists. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

CAPTAIN  COOK:    MEMORIALS   (12  S.  viii.       Junior  Athent&um  Club. 


2  S:  ™'  1.70,  236,  276)  - 

it  was  formerly  called)  South  Pacific  Ocean,       e,re  f    a*?the^  -TX?8    SlgnT  anen*    *hl1 
there  is  a  monument  to  commemorate  the    g^6?  :     The   Quiet  Woman  Inn,  at  Earl 
observation  of  the  passing  of  Venus  over    Sterndale,  in  Derbyshire.   CECIL  CLARKE. 
the   sun's   disc    in    1769   by   Captain   Cook.        J^10r.  Athenaeum  Club. 

There   are  rails   encircling  it,   and  a    plate        SIR  ROBERT  BELL  OF  BEAUPRE  (12  S.   vi. 
bears  the  following  inscription  :—  j  39  ;  vii.   178,  414,  475  ;  viii.   175,  237).—  On 

This  memorial,  erected  by  Captain  James  Cook,  looking  through  a  list  of  '  Administrations  of 
to  inaugurate  the  observation  of  the  transit  of  j  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  '  in 
Venus,  June  3rd,  1709,  was  restored  and  event!  an  old  number  of  The  Archaeologist  I  have 

Z^BS^J3^J^££l2tE&  i  STS  ™  ad™"istrati™  °f  Tthe  -tate  ,of 

Society,  1910.  '  !  Robert  Bell,  gentleman,  of  the  Inner  Temple, 

T.  H.  BANKIER.        was  granted  to  his  widow,  Susanna  Bell,  on 

December     1,    1573.     Sir   Robert    Bell    did 

EPITAPHS     DESIRED     (12     S.     viii.     211,!  not  die  until   1577,  and  so  there  were  two 
260).  —  J.  ARDAGH   will  find  the  epitaph  to  \  Robert    Bells    of    the    Temple    about    that 
William    Billings,     aet.     102,     of     Fairfield,    time.     Presumably  the  Robert  Bell  referred 
Staffs,    in    E.     R.     Suffling's     '  Epitaphia,'    to  above  was  he  of  Leighton. 
1909,  p.  243.  W.  J.  M.  H.    WILBERFORCE-BELL. 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.Yin.APKiL23.i92i. 


tk  THE  HAVEN  UNDER  THE  HILL  "  ( 12  S.  viii. 
228,  275,  314). — MR.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT 
remarks,  inter  alia,  that  Tennyson  does  not 
say  '"  where  at  Clevedon  the  ha\:en  ...  is 
to  be  found."  I  should  say  at  Walton  Bay, 
just  past  it  to  the  north,  where  ships  and 
steamers  often  anchor  before  going  into  Avon- 
mouth  docks.  During  the  war  it  was  full  of 
transports  and  other  vessels  bound  for 
Salonika  and  the  Dardanelles,  and  is  seldom 
quite  devoid  for  long  of  some.  As  regards 
Clevedon  it  is  true  enough  to  say  that 
The  stately  ships  go  on 

To  their  haven  under  the  hill, 

for  they  all  pass  it  up  the  Channel  and  this 
haven  is  under  the  hills  of  Walton.    J.  P.  L. 

CHURCHES  OF  ST.  MICHAEL  (12  S.  viii. 
190,  231,  298).— The  following  extracts 
on  the  subject  of  the  dedication  of  churches 
to  St.  Michael  are  from  Anthyme  Saint  - 
Paul's  '  Histoire  Monumentale  de  la  France,' 
p.  88:— 

Le  culte  de  saint  Michel  fut  un  des  plus 
populaires,  independamment  des  diverses  ap- 
paritions et  des  miracles  qu'on  lui  attribue.  ! 
La  raisoii  principale  de  ce  culte  pourrait  etre 
dans  1'analogie  que  les  premiers  Chretiens  gaulois 
crurent  remarquer  entre  saint  Michel,  un  des 
messagers  de  Dieu,  le  vainqueur  de  Satan,  et 
Mercure,  le  meurtrier  d' Argus,  le  messager  de 
Jupiter  et  le  patron  national  de  la  Gaule  paienne. 
Les  missionnaires  venus  de  Rome  accept  erent  i 
cette  analogic  et  en  profit  erent  pour  dedier  a 
1'Archange  les  lieux  precedemment  consacres 
au  dieu  ai!6  de  I'Olympe.  De  meme  que  Mercure 
etait  adore  specialement  sur  les  hauteurs,  ce 
fut  sur  les  hauteurs  que  fut  honore  saint  Michel. 
II  existe  encore  dans  toutes  les  regions  de  la 
France  un  grand  nombre  d' elevations  de  tous 
degres,  buttes,  mamelons,  collines  ou  montagnes,  | 
que  couronnent  des  oratoires  portant  le  vocable 
de  Saint-Michel. 

Saint -Paul  mentions  two  examples  of  \ 
churches  in  this  position  :  -Mont  Saint-  ; 
Michel  in  La  Manche,  which  is  well  known, 
and  the  less  well  known  church  of  Saint- : 
Michel -d'Aiguilhe  in  Haute  Loire.  This; 
latter  is  perched  upon  the  top  of  a ! 
natural  obelisk  of  granite  85  metres  in  j 
height,  and  is  reached  by  a  stairway  of  j 
270  steps  cut  in  the  rock. 

BENJAMIN  WALKER. 

Langstone,  Erdington. 

AUTHOR  or  QUOTATION  WANTED  (12  S. 
viii.  294). — It  would  appear  that  the  authoress 
of  « The  Tragedy  of  Fotheringay  '  has  made 
the  mistake  of  running  two  remarks  into 
one.  Here  is  Camden's  account  of  the 
matter  : — 

Inter  has  anxias  cogitationes,  quae  Reginam 
adeo  solicitam  et  ancipitem  habuerunt,  ut  soli- 


tudine  gauderet,  sine  yultu,  sine  voce  subinde 
sederet,  et  saepius  suspirans,  "  Aut  fer  aut  feri," 
et,  e  nescio  quo  Emblemate,  ';  Ne  feriare,  feri," 
sibi  immurmuraret  ;  Davisono  e  Secretariis 
alter!  literas  sua  maim  signatas  tradit,  &c. 

'  Rerum  Anglicarum  et  Hibernicarum  Annales, 
regnante  Elisabetha,'  Pars  III.  p.  489,  in  the 
Elzevir  edn.,  1639. 

The  words  "  Ne .  feriare  feri,"  which 
are  here  said  to  be  the  motto  of  some  Emblem, 
and  which  form  the  beginning  of  an  hexa- 
meter, illustrate  the  principle  laid  down  in 
Camden's  '  Remaines  concerning  Britaine,' 
ed.  5,  p.  341,  where  he  writes  that  the  body 
of  an  Jmprese  "  must  be  of  faire  repre- 
sentation, and  the  word  in  some  different 
language,  witty,  short  and  answerable 
thereunto ;  neither  too  obscure  nor  too 
plaine,  and  most  commended,  when  it  is 
an  Hemistich,  or  parcell  of  a  verse." 

Such  "  parcells  of  verses  "  are  at  times 
quotations,  at  times  coinages  for  the  occasion. 
If  the  motto  "  Ne  feriare  feri  "  was  devised 
by  an  emblem-maker,  the  maxim  of  getting 
in  one's  blow  first  ought  surely  to  have 
found  some  earlier  expression  in  literature. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

ABNEPOS  (12  S.  viii.  229). — Wolfflin's 
'  Archiv,'  iv.  577,  and  the  '  Thesaurus 
Linguae  Latinae  '  show,  by  reference  to 
Glosses,  that  "  abnepos "  has  been  some- 
times incorrectly  used  as  equivalent  to 
"  films  nepotis "  instead  of  bearing  the 
meaning  of  great-great-grandson  ("films 
pronepotis  ").  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

VARIATIONS  IN  GRAY'S  'ELEGY'  (12  S. 
viii.  249). — The  Pembroke  MS.  was  not  the 
first  draft  of  the  '  Elegy.'  The  MS.  which 
has  been  named  the  '  Fraser  '  or  '  Mason  ' 
MS.  was,  it  would  seem,  a  rough  draft  and 
earlier  than  the  other  MSS.  of  the  '  Elegy/ 
See  John  Bradshaw's  edition  of  Gray's 
'Poems'  (Macmillan,  1891),  p.  101:— 

As  this  [i.e.,  the  '  Fraser  ']  MS.  seems  to  have 
been  the  rough  draft,  and  contains  a  greater 
number  of  original  readings  and  alterations, 
the  other  two  [viz.,  the  Pembroke  College  and 
the  Egerton  MS.  in  the  British  Museum]  ap- 
parently being  made  from  it  by  Gray  when  he  had 
almost  ceased  correcting  the  '  Elegy,'  I  shall 
refer  to  it  .  .  .as  the  "  Original  MS." 

Mason  must  be  used  with  caution.  The 
best  authority  for  Gray's  text  in  his  chief 
poems  (except  the  'Long  Story')  is,  pre- 
sumably, Dodsley's  edition  of  1768. 

EDWARD   BENSLY. 


i2S.vm.APKiL23,i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  337 


FUNERAL  CAKE  (12  S.  viii.  129,  207,  297).  for  1522  show  that  the  city  sent  sixty  well- 
— The  giving  of  the  penny  manchet  was  very  armed  men  to  serve  under  the  Earl  of 
common  in  Lancashire  &mong  the  richer  Surrey  in  Scotland,  the  city  probably  came 
c' asses,  and  was  provided  for  in  the  wills  of  within  the  exemption  mentioned  by  your 
many  people.  Lt.-Col.  Fishwick,  in  his  correspondent  as  applying  to  certain 
'  History  of  Lancashire,'  mentions  the  giving  northern  counties.  Cheshire  more  than 
of  a  cake  called  "  arval  cake  "  to  each  once  successfully  objected  to  general  taxa- 
person  who  was  "  bidden  "  to  the  funeral,  tion  on  account  of  its  Palatine  privileges. 
These,  cakes  were  usually  given  with  ale,  .  R.  S.  B. 

provided  at  the  nearest  public -house. 

F.  CROOKS.  B.  A.  AND  T.  FAWCET,  PRINTERS  (12   S. 

Eccleston  Park.  Prefect.  viii.     293). — The    initials     '  B.    A.'    in    this 

LIVERPOOL  HALFPENNY  (12  S.  viii.  inquiry  doubtless  stand  for  Bernard  Alsop, 
294).— Probably  a  merchant's  token,  used  with  whom  T.  Fawcet  was  in  partnership 
for  small  change.  If  there  is  nothing  more  many  years,  during  their  troubled  period, 
on  the  coin  it  is  probably  one  of  the  eight  Spelling  of  Fawcet's  name  varies,  like  most 
late  eightesnth-century  tokens  described  at  names  of  that  time,  according  to  the  phonetic 
p.  70  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Liverpool  fancy  of  the  writer.  It  occurs  as  Fawcit, 
Historical  Exhibition,  1907.  Seven  Liver-  Forcet,  Forsett,  and  Fawcett. 
pool  seventeenth-century  halfpennies,  with  Both  Alsop  and  Fawcet  are  entered  in  the 
the  names  of  the  merchants,  are  given  in  '  Shakespeare  Bibliography  '  (see  pp.  5  and 
a  paper  by  N.  Heywood  in  vol.  v.  of  the  98)-  Their  Jolnt  names  also  occur  in  no 
Transactions  of  the  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  fewer  than  fifty-five  entries  'between  1626 
Antiquarian  Society,  p.  81,  which  amplifies  and  1641  in  Hazhtt's  'Bibliographical  Col- 
a  list  in  Boyne's  '  Tokens,'  1858,  a  standard  lections.'  (See  Gray's  Index,  1893,  for  fuller 
wolk.  R.  S.  B.  details.)  Both  of  these  reference  books  are 

found    at    hand   in    the    Reading   Room    at 

TENNYSON   QUERIES   (12   S.   viii.    269).—  the  British  Museum. 

(1)  The  south  wind  stands  for  warmth  and        According     to    Plomer's     '  Dictionary     of 
fertility    as    opposed    to    the    cold,    drier,    Printers,'  1907   (p.  72)  :— 
cutting  wind  from  the  north.     The  impres-       m, 

.ion  conveyed  to  me  by  the  lines  quoted  ^SSS^^^T^'^^^^ 
is  that  the  peoples  war  will  revive  the  old  Fish  Street,  neere  the  upper  end  of  Lambert 
earth  like  a  thunderstorm  coming  with  a  Hill,"  from  1621  to  1643.  Took  up  his  freedom  in 
south  wind  does  after  a  drought.  The  the  Stationers' Company,  7th  May,  1621.  Partner 
present  state  of  the  world  gives  the  lie  J?*?  Bernard  Alsop  (q.v.).  In  Sir  J  Lambe's 
, ,  .  .  £rr  i  ,  -.  Notes  Fawcett  is  described  as  the  abler  man, 

direct  to  the  poet  s  vision.  \\  e  have  had  better  workman,  and  better  governor."  In  1626 
'  the  standards  of  the  peoples  plunging  they  were  summoned  before  the  High  Commis- 
thro'  the  thunderstorm"  of  war,  but  we  sion  for  printing  Sir  Robert Cotton's  '  Short  View 
are  no  nearer  "  the  Parliament  of  the  of  the  Lon8  Life  of  Henry  III.'  On  the  outbreak 
Federation  of  the  world"  ;  nor  does  °f . civil,  war  thef  were  committed  to  the  Fleet 

,     '   ,  ,        ,     r;   ;    Prison  for  several  months  for  printing  a  pamphlet 

the  common  sense  of  most  hold  a  fretful    caned  •  His  Majesty's  Propositions  to  Sir  John 
realm  in  awe.  .  Hotham  and  the  Inhabitants  of  Hull.     .     .     .' 

(2)  No  special  cause  is  meant.     "  Slowly    Fawcett  appears  to  have  retired  from  the  partner- 
dying  causes  "  block  the  way  and  hinder  the    shiP  m    1644<     •     •     • 

growth    of    "  nobler    modes    of    life    with  W-  JAGGARD. 

sweeter  manners,  purer  laws." 

W.  H.  PINCHBECK  LIVERPOOL  GENTLEMAN  AND  MANCHES- 

TER MAN"  (12  S.  viii.   250). — The  saying  is 

INCOME     TAX     EXEMPTION:      BRIGHTON    generally  supposed  to  refer  to  the  respective 

vm.   293).— Perhaps  the  reason  why   outlOok    and    mode    of    life.     City    men    of 

71? Koon  Wa\ r? xe/nPtet  fr°.m  ,th*  subsidy   Liverpool   largelv   earn   their   living   at   the 

of    1523  was  the  fact   that   in    1514  it  had   desk    and  try  to  dress  well.     (Observe  the 

been   burnt   clown   by   the   French  ^m^l   numerous  tailors' shops  there.)  Liverpool  im- 

Pregent    de    Bidoux     Knight    of     Rhodes. ,        ts  vast  quantities  &  raw  produce,  such  as 

hee  10  S.  ix.  387    477,  497  J,otton>  &c.%nd  passes  it  eiJewhere,  instead 

JOHN  B.  \\AINENYRIUHT.        Qf  mamifacturing,  gaining  only  a  compara- 

The    reference     is     presumably     to     the   tively  small  turnover  percentage. 
subsidies  of  1523.     As  the  annals  of  Chester        Average  Manchester  men  have  the  repu- 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2S.vm.  Armies,  1021. 


tation  of  being  plainer  in  dress,  speech, 
and  deportment.  They  are  not  afraid  to 
soil  their  hands  or  clothing.  (Witness  the 
great  number  of  factories.)  Manchester 
takes  Liverpool  cotton,  &c.,  works  the  raw 
material  into  fabrics,  and  reaps  a  richer 
harvest  of  profit. 

It  is  perhaps  a  case  of  office  versus 
factory.  W.  JAGGARD,  CAPT. 

COWPER  :    PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAME  (12 
S.  viii.  110,  179,  237,  299).— When  Cowper's  i 
Court,  Cornhill,  was  spoken  of  to  me  in  the 
nineteenth    century,     it    was     always     as 
Cooper's.     Earl  Cowper  was  likewise  Cooper. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

Your  correspondent's  example  at  the  last 
reference  seems  to  tell  against  him.  Harben 
('Dictionary  of  London ')  gives,  s.  v.  Cowper's 
Court : — "  First  mention  :  Cooper's  Court 
(Boyle,  1799)"  and  adds,  "So  called  from 
Sir  Wm.  Cooper  .  .  .  temp.  Jas.  I." ! 
I  find  a  somewhat  earlier  mention  of 
"  Cooper's  Court  "  in  Bowles's  '  New  London 
Guide,'  1786.  Lockie,  1810,  and  Elmes, 
1831,  have  "Cowper's  Court."  It  would 
appear  in  this  case,  therefore,  that,  at  any 
rate  in  his  younger  days,  the  pronunciation 
was  "  after  Stephenson's  fashion." 

RAYMOND  LEE. 

66,  Hereford  Road,  W.2. 

LIONS  IN  THE  TOWER  (11  S.  vii.  150,  210, 
272,  316,  357,  457).— At  the  second  reference 
Sir    Harry    Poland    quoted    Haydn's    '  Dic- 
tionary of  Dates '   as  stating  that   "  a  lion  j 
named  Pompey  died  in  the  Tower  of  London  j 
in  1760,  after  seventy  years'  confinement." 
According    to    W.    Toone's     '  Chronological 
Historian' (3rd   ed.),  ii.   100,  on  November) 
10,  1758,    "the    oldest    lion    in  the   Tower 
died,  aged  sixty-eight.       It  was   presented 
to  King  James  II.   by  one   of  the    States 
of  Barbary."     What  is  the  average  age  of 
a  lion  ?  JOHN  B;  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CREAM-COLOURED  HORSES  (US.  xi.   361,, 
441).— Under  date  May  30,  1761,  W.  Toone  in  j 
his    '  Chronological   Historian  '  (3rd  ed.),  ii. 
132,    writes  :— 

A  set  of  fine  cream-coloured  horses,  and 
several  other  coach  and  saddle  horses  from 
Hanover,  were  landed  at  Tower- wharf  for  his 
Majesty's  service. 

Is  the  breed  now  extinct  ?  At  the  latter 
reference  the  last  of  those  still  remaining 
in  Hanover  is  said  to  have  died  about  1905, 
aged  about  28.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

0,  Grand  Avenue,  Hove,  Sussex. 


LlDDELL      AND      SCOTT'S      GREEK-ENGLISH 

LEXICON  (12  S.  viii.  119,  158).— MR.  J.  C. 
HUDSON  in  the  concluding  paragraph,  ante  p. 
158,  asks  for  dates  of  the  various  editions  of 
Liddell  and  Scott's  '  Lexicon,'  and  the  fol- 
lowing may  be  of  some  use.  The  first 
edition  was  published  in  1843  and  was  stated 
to  be  "  based  on  the  German  work  of  Francis 
Passow "  ;  it  contained  pp.  xviii,  1586, 
and  was  4to.  The  second  edition  was 
published  as  a  sm.  4to.,  1845,  third  edition 
1849,  and  the  fourth,  4to.,  1855,  revised 
throughout,  and  with  the  name  of  Passow 
omitted  from  the  title  page  because  the 
lexicon  "  was  now  from  so  many  and  various 
sources,  that  we  could  no  longer  fairly  place 
any  one  name  in  that  position."  The  fifth 
edition  was  1861,  4to.,  very  much  augmented 
and  improved  ;  sixth  edition,  4to.,  1869,  was 
revised  throughout,  as  was  the  seventh 
edition,  4to.,  1883.  The  eighth  edition,  and 
last,  4to.,  was  revised  in  1897  and  reprinted 
in  1910,  and  was  corrected  and  added  to  as 
far  as  could  be  done  without  altering  the 
pagination.  Abridgments  were  issued  in 
1843,  fifth  edition  in  1856,  and  ninth  in  1861, 
and  others  adapted  for  schools  are  numerous. 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

PETER  TILL-EMANS,  ARTIST,  1684-1734(12  S. 
viii.  293). — I  know  the  engraving  referred  to, 
for  I  happen  to  have  had  some  hand  in 
getting  it  reproduced  in  The  Field  of  October 
7,  1911.  It  represents  the  Duke  of  Kingston 
(1725),  gun  in  hand,  walking  up  to  eleven 
pointers  all  standing  or  setting  to  game — a 
most  unwonted  sight  !  Behind  him  is  a 
gamekeeper  with  a  second  gun,  while  the 
Duke's  horse  and  that  of  the  keeper  are  in 
charge  of  a  groom  in  the  rear.  Sir  Walter 
Gilbey,  in  his  '  Animal  Painters  of  England  ' 
(vol.  ii.,  p.  207),  has  a  chapter  on  this  artist, 
whose  name  inadvertently  he  spells  without 
the  final  "  s."  He  refers  to  the  picture  as 
that  of 

the  Duke  of  Kingston  on  horseback  [sic]  with 
keepers  and  eleven  young  pointers  all  standing 
to  game  ;  a  view  of  Thoresby  Hall,  Lincolnshire, 
forming  the  remote  background. 

He  is  mistaken,  I  think,  in  his  identifica- 
tion of  the  Duke,  who  is  surely  on  foot,  the 
central  figure  of  the  group. 

As  an  example  of  Tillemans'swork  he  gives 
an  engraving  of  a  race  meeting  at  Newmarket ; 
but  in  this  the  figures  are  so  numerous  and 
on  so  small  a  scale  that  I  think  the  artist' s 
skill  as  an  animal  painter  would  have  been 
better  represented  by  the  Duke  of  Kingston's 
pointers.  J.  E.  HARTING. 


las. vin. APRTL23, i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


The    picture    required  in    this    query    is  j 
reproduced    in    Arkwright's    '  The    Pointer  j 
and     his     Predecessors  '     (London,     A.    L. ' 
Humphreys,    1902).     It  is  from  an  etch'ng 
of    a    large     oil    painting,    giving    a    por- 
trait   of     the    second    Duke     of    Kingston 
am"»ng  his  poin  ers,  with  a  view  of  his  home, 
Thoresby,    in   tl.e   background.      Redgrave 
says    it    is    dated    1725.     The    colouring    of 
the  or  ginal  is  very  beautiful,  all  the  pointers 
are  liver  and  white,  and  it  is  supposed  to 
be  the  earliest  picture  of  this  breed  of  dog. 
It   is   in   the   possession    of    Earl   Manvers, 
Thoresby  Park,  Ollerton,  Nottinghamshire. 
ARCHIBALD   SPARKE. 

GRAY'S     'ELEGY'     (12     S.     viii.     294). — 
"  Noiseless     tenor "     was     not     apparently 
Gray's   first   intention   in   line    76.     In   the 
'Eraser'   MS.,   usually  regarded  as   a  first  j 
draft  of  the  '  Elegy '  we  have  "  silent  "  with  | 
"  noiseless  "    written  over  it.     See  the  note  : 
in  D.  C.  Tovey's  edition  of  Gray's  '  English  j 
Poems,'  p.  155.     Wordsworth  used  the  com-  ; 
bination  "  even  tenor  "  a  few  lines  from  the  j 
enH     of     his     '  Ode,     1814,'    and    Tennyson  | 
in  section  Ixxxv.    of   '  In   Memoriam,'    and  j 
stanza  5  has 

My  blood  an  even  tenor  kept. 

EDWARD    BENSLY. 


JJotes  on  Jloofetf. 

The  Church  Bells  of  Lancashire.     Part  IV.     The 

Hundred  of  Amounderness.     By  F.  H.  Cheet- 

ham. 

THIS    brochure    has    been    reprinted    from    the 
Transactions    of    the    Lancashire    and    Cheshire  i 
Antiquarian    Society  and   a   few   copies   are   for  j 
sale,  to  be  obtained  from  the  author. 

Our  readers  know  the  character  of  Mr.  Cheet- 
ham's  work  so  well  that  commendatory  words 
are  out  of  place.  This  instalment  of  his  task 
of  cataloguing  the  bells  in  the  older  Lancashire  | 
churches  displays  all  his  wonted  care,  thorough- 
ness and  appreciation  of  picturesque  antiquarian 
detail. 

The     Amounderness     hundred     embraces     six ! 
ancient    parishes,   subdivided,  in    1915,    into   no' 
fewer    than   63.     A   dozen    of    the    churches    re- 
present      pre-Reformation       chapels.       Twenty- 
five  churches  fulfil  the  condition  laid  down  by 
Mr.  Cheetham  for  inclusion  in  his  work — i.e.,  they 
were  founded   before   the  end  of  the   eighteenth  ' 
century. 

The  examination  of  their  bells  was  not  in  every 
instance  an  easy  task.  In  four  cases  the  bells  i 
are  in  bell-cotes  accessible  only  by  going  up  i 
outside  ladders.  In  two  churches  where  they , 
hang  in  towers  they  are  reached  through  a  man-  , 
hole  in  the  ceiling  of  the  porch.  At  Warton  the  ' 


bell  is  in  a  wooden  turret  over  the  chancel  arch, 
and  is  chimed  from  the  porch  at  the  east  end  of 
the  north  aisle  by  a  pulley  carrying  a  rope  which 
goes  over  the  roofs  and  through  a  hole  in  the 
porch  roof.  Ladders  over  the  roof  are  the  only 
means  of  reaching  it.  Seeing  this  church  was 
built  as  late  as  1 885-6  we  may  echo  Mr.  Cheetham's 
astonishment  at  so  strange  a  method  of  bell- 
ringing. 

The  most  interesting  church  in  the  hundred 
in  the  matter  of  bells  is  St.  Michael- on- Wyre.  It 
possesses  not  only  the  much-discussed  fifteenth- 
century  French  treble,  but  also  the  oldest  of  the 
three  seventeenth-century  bells  still  in  the 
hundred,  and  an  eighteenth-century  bell  from 
the  Rudhall  bell-foundry  at  Gloucester.  The 
French  bell  bears  an  inscription  showing  that  it 
was  the  gift  to  some  church  of  Catherine  de 
Berneuilles,  Lady  of  Neufchatel  and  Wicquinghen, 
places  in  the  department  of  the  Pas-de-Calais. 
Mr.  Cheetham,  as  our  readers  know,  was  brought 
by  the  fortune  of  war  as  near  to  this  neighbour- 
hood as  St.  Omer.  Inquiries  then  made  of  local 
antiquaries  as  to  this  bell  unfortunately  brought 
no  further  light  upon  it.  It  must  still  be 
considered  as  most  likely  "  butin  de  guerre." 
The  vestry  book  shows  that  the  tenor  cast  by 
Abraham  Rudhall  was  paid  for  by  levying  a  rate 
of  twelve  pence  in  the  pound  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Michael. 

The  second  oldest  bell  in  the  hundred  is  the 
larger  Wood  Plumpton  bell — dated  1596.  We 
should  like  to  know  more  of  an  old  bell  belonging, 
apparently,  to  Grimsargh,  which  was  mentioned 
in  1871  as  in  the  vicarage  garden,  having  the 
inscription  "  Mater  Dei,  Ora  Pro  Nobis,  1687. 
R.A." — a  combination  that  suggests  a  history 
as  yet  by  no  means  satisfactorily  brought  out. 

A  few  customs  connected  with  bell-ringing 
are  noted — the  continuance  at  Poulton-le-Fylde 
both  of  the  pancake  bell  and  of  the  curfew 
between  September  and  March  ;  and  the  curfew 
and  (presumably)  angelus  at  Preston  St.  John 
continued  till  near  the  twentieth  century.  At 
Poulton,  too,  it  appears  they  ring  the  bells  on 
Sundays  before  matins  and  evensong  for  a  solid 
half -hour. 

Mr.  Cheetham  gives  us  three  facsimiles  of  bell 
inscriptions,  among  them  reproductions  of  the 
rubbings  from  the  three  old  bells  of  Broughton, 
which  were  melted  down  in  1884,  the  metal  being 
used  again.  The  oldest,  by  its  invocation  to 
St.  Peter,  was  clearly  a  pre-Reformation  bell.  It 
bore  an  interesting  shield,  the  initials  whereon — 
T.B. — have  been  taken  to  be  those  of  Thomas 
Bett  of  Leicester,  c.  1530.  The  two  others  were 
seventeenth-century  bells  by  Seller  of  York  and 
Hutton  of  Congleton,  and  the  disappearance  of 
the  three  is  certainly  to  be  regretted. 

Besides  the  careful  description  of  each  bell 
Mr.  Cheetham  gives  us  all  particulars  connected 
with  bells  and  bell-ringers  to  be  found  in  the 
different  records  of  the  respective  parishes,  and 
sundry  pleasant  anecdotes  and  descriptions  culled 
from  out-of-the-way  sources. 

The  Quarterly  Review  for  April  has  several 
articles  which  should  attract  the  attention  of  our 
readers.  Dean  Inge's  paper  on  '  The  White 
Man  and  his  Rivals '  raises  many  interesting 
questions  in  ethnology  as  well  as  in  practical 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.viii.ArRiL23,i02i. 


politics.    In  '  Benedetto  Croce  :  a  Literary  Critic  ' 
Mr.  G.  L.  Bickersteth  has  a  subject  of  real  import- 
ance to  literature,  and  handles  it  with  discrimina- 
tion— though  it  strikes  us  that  some  objections 
might  have   been  pressed   further  home.     Mary 
Maxwell    Moffat    relates    effectively    the    tragic 
story    of    Eleonora    Fonseca,    that    remarkable 
woman  who  played  a  considerable  part  in  the 
abortive    Neapolitan    Revolution    of    1799.     Dr. 
Charles's  new  edition  of  'the  Apocalypse  of  St. 
John,  with  its  manifold  claim  to  the  considera-  j 
tion  of  critics,  is  carefully  studied  by  the  Rev.  C.  j 
W.   Emmet,  and  the  late  Prof.   Hume  Brown's 
'  Life   of   Goethe  '    completed   by  Lord  Haldane,  j 
is  well   discussed   by  Mr.  G.  P.  Gooch.    Admiral ; 
Hopwood's  article,   '  The   Saving    Grace,'    is   not 
strictly  within  our  scope,  being  chiefly  concerned 
with  the  spirit  of  the  Navy,  but  we  mention  it ! 
partly  for  the  sake  of  the  old  tradition  to  which 
it    gives    expression,    partly    for    its    containing : 
several  fine  old  sea  stories. 

The  Antiquaries  Journal,  Vol.  I.,  No.  1.     (Oxford 

University  Press,  5s.  net.) 

THE  second  number  of  this  Journal  makes  a 
worthy  successor  to  the  first.  It  is  largely 
concerned  with  excavation  and  the  results 
thereof — thus  the  Engravings  upon  Flint  Crust 
at  Grime's  Graves  (Mr.  Leslie  Armstrong)  ; 
Frilford  (Mr.  Dudley  Buxton)  ;  Swedish  Palaeo- 
lithic Implements  (M.  Oscar  Montelius) ;  and 
discoveries  at  Amesbury  (Sir  Lawrence  Weaver). 
Mr.  Rawlence  and  Mr.  Major  discuss  the  question 
of  the  site  of  the  Battle  of  Ethandun,  and  Mr. 
Reginald  A.  Smith  contributes  a  paper  on  Irish 
gold  crescents. 

Folk-Lore.     March,      1921.     (William      Glaisher, 

6s.   6d.) 

THE  learned  and  deeply  interesting  Presidential 
Address  by  Dr.  Rivers — bearing  the  title  '  Con- 
servatism and  Plasticity ' — is  devoted  to  the 
relation  between  folk-lore  and  psychology.  He 
takes  for  his  immediate  subject  the  influences 
which,  in  Melanesia,  have  produced  variety  in 
the  modes  of  disposal  of  the  dead.  Mr.  Werner 
contributes  '  Some  Notes  on  Zulu  Religious 
Ideas,'  and  Mr.  Colic ott  gives  us  copious  '  Legends 
from  Tonga.'  Mr.  Sidney  Hartland  draws 
attention  to  the  study  of  Catalan  folk-lore  which 
is  being  started  at  Barcelona  by  Dr.  Carreras  i 
Artan,  Professor  of  Ethics  in  that  city.  The 
reviews,  as  usual,  are  a  feature  of  distinct  interest. 

A    Manual   of  Lu-Qanda.     By   W.    A.    Crabtree. 

(Cambridge  University  Press,   12s.   6d.  net.) 
THIS  is  another  member   of  the  useful  series   of 
Cambridge    Guides    to    Modern    Languages.     It 
consists  of  a  carefully  compiled  Grammar,  followed 
by  a  Lu-Ganda-English  vocabulary.      The  chap-  j 
ters  on    Grammar    contain    exercises  for  transla-  I 
tion  headed  by  lists  of  words  on  the  old-fashioned  j 
plan  ;    we  should  have  liked  in  addition  a  crib  by 
which  the  learner  might  have  worked  out  the  trans- 
lations more  readily.     The  avoidance  of  a  crib  has 
little  meaning  in  the  case  of  adult  students. 

A  knowledge  of  Lu-Ganda  is  valuable  on  the 
same  grounds  as  a  knowledge  of  Latin  ;  it  gives 
one  the  key  to  a  group  of  connected  languages — 
the  Bantu.  Mr.  Crabtree  even  considers  that 
it  would  be  easier  to  learn  Swahili  from  Lu-Ganda, 


than  vice  versa.  A  language  without  a  litera- 
ture— though,  under  European  influence,  a  good 
deal  has  been  done  in  the  way  of  collecting  folk- 
tales and  in  the  composition  of  history  and  re- 
ligious commentary — Lu-Ganda,  it  seems,  is 
dependent  for  its  survival  largely  upon  the  interest 
and  the  feeling  for  language,  as  such,  of  the  foreign 
student.  This  Manual,  which  is  not  only  lucid 
and  thorough,  but  pleasantly  written  and  per- 
vaded by  an  evident  appreciation  of  the  charm 
of  Bantu,  will  certainly  stimulate  such  study. 
It  is  based  upon  the  '  Handbook  of  Luganda,' 
by  the  late  G.  L.  Pilkington,  which  was  published  in 
1891 — the  most  complete  English  work  on  the 
subject  which  has  hitherto  appeared. 

Mr.  Crabtree's  Introduction,  with  its  brief 
statement  of  the  educational  and  industrial 
situation  in  Uganda  is  good  reading. 


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LONDON.  APRIL  30.  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.    159. 

NOTES :— Legay  of  Southampton  and  London,  341 — 
Aldeburgh :  Extracts  from  Chamberlains'  Account- 
Book,  343 — Assheton  of  Salford  and  Penn  of  Pennsylvania, 
345 — Among  the  Shakespeare  Archives,  346 — Ascension 
Day :  A  Warwickshire  Custom — Joseph  Austin,  Actor 
(1735-182])— Neology,  347. 

QUERIES  :— Eighteenth- Century  Naval  and  Military  Funds 
— Rights  and  Duties  of  Functionaries — "  Venetian 
Window,"  347 — Pictures  of  Covent  Garden — Parsons 
Family — Paul  Lucas  :  His  '  Journey  through  Asia  Minor  ' 
— A  Slice  of  Bread  and  Butter — Francis  and  John  Ander- 
son, Writers  to  the  Signet,  Edinburgh — Robinson  Crusoe's 
Island — Record  in  Longevity,  348 — Predecessors  of 
'  Edwin  Drood  ' — Sullivan,  Itinerant  Bookseller — Novel 
Wanted  :  '  The  Vagabond  ' — Michael  Kenyon — Meaning 
of  Motto  Wanted,  349 — "  Amtmann  " — Music  in  the  Early 
XVIIIth  Century—"  The  Joseph  Hume  of  Dorsetshire  "— 
Mary  Russell  Mitford's  Lottery  Prize  :  1799 — "  Geen  " 
Whisky— Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  Dance,  350. 

REPLIES  :— Book  Borrowers,  350— The  Death  of  William 
Rufus — Cherry  Orchards  of  Kent,  352 — The  Habeas 
Corpus  Act — The  Roman  Numerical  Alphabet — Old 
London  :  The  Cloth  Fair,  353— Banquo— Sherington  : 
Old  Church  Registers — Hunger  Strike  in  the  Fourteenth 
Century — Tavern  Signs  :  "  Flying  Scud  " — Giuseppe 
Parini,  354 — Publications  of  Frederick  Locker- Lampson — 
Regattas — The  Year's  Round  of  Children's  Games — 
"  The  Haven  under  the  Hill  " — Tribal  Hidages,  355 — 
Raining  in  the  Sunshine — Patricius  Walker  :  "  Juan 
de  Vega  "--"  Source  of  Lines  Wanted,"  356 — "  Four- 
Bottle  Men " — Carew  Family  of  Beddington,  Surrey, 
Bart. — Isaac  Walton — Lilian  Adelaide  Neilson — M.  Gor- 
don, Minor  Poet — The  Golden  Ball — "  Britisher  "  v. 
"  Briton,"  357—'  The  Golden  Manual  '—Gray's  '  Elegy  '— 
Culbin  Sands — Katharine  Tudor  of  Berain,  58 — Author 
Wanted,  359. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— '  Counsels  and  Ideals  from  the 
Writings  of  Sir  Willam  Osier '— '  Cambridge  Plain  Texts  '— 
The  Print  Collector's  Quarterly. 

Notices   to  Correspondents. 


LEGAY    OF    SOUTHAMPTON    AND 
LONDON. 

THE  following  outline  of  the  story  of  a 
family  which  attained  local  importance  in 
the  seventeenth  century  has  some  interest 
in  itself  and  will  be  useful  to  genealogists. 
The  principal  sources  which  have  been 
used  are  four.  (1)  The  registers  of  the 
Walloon  church  at  Southampton  and  the 
French  church  in  London,  printed  by  the 
Huguenot  Society.  (2)  An  interesting  little 
note -book  in  the  British  Museum  (Egerton 
MS.  868)  containing  a  list  of  the  mayors 
and  other  officials  of  Southampton  from 
1471  to  1671,  with  a  number  of  general, 
local  and  family  particulars  entered  under 
the  different  years.  These  entries  are  in 
various  hands  and  made  at  different  times, 
but  all  seem  to  be  by  members  of  the 


Delamotte  family,  including  Philip  Dela- 
motte,  who  was  the  first  minister  of  the 
local  Walloon  congregation,  from  1585 
until  his  death  in  1617.  The  chief  con- 
tributor, however,  was  his  son,  Joseph 
Delamotte,  mayor  of  the  town  in  1651, 
and  the  entries  cease  at  his  death.  Among 
other  things,  Joseph  records  that  he  became 
a  burgess  in  1634  at  a  cost  of  £30,  and  that 
in  1641  "the  ship  called  the  Mayflower" 
was  sent  to  guard  the  port.  (3)  Various 
wills  at  Somerset  House.  (4)  Chancery 
pleadings.  There  are  many  references  to 
the  Legays  in  the  Calendars  of  State 
Papers,  but  a  knowledge  of  the  pedigree  is 
necessary  for  the  use  of  them. 

I.  The  story  of  the  family  in  England 
begins  with  Pierre  le  Gay  of  Armentieres 
in  Flanders,  who  was  admitted  to  the 
Lord's  Supper  at  Southampton  in  1569, 
and  is  frequently  mentioned  in  the  registers, 
as  godfather  or  witness,  down  to  1601. 
He  married  as  his  first  wife  Janne  Bus 
of  Valenciennes  on  February  11,  1570/1,  when 
the  parties  showed  by  writing  that  their 
fathers  consented.  The  names  of  the 
parents  are  not  given,  and  from  consent 
being  given  by  writing  it  seems  probable 
that  they  had  not  come  over  to  England. 
This  first  wife  died  August  23,  1590,  and 
was  buried  at  Southampton  the  same  day. 
Peter  married,  secondly,  at  the  Flemish 
church  in  London,  on  July  11, 1592,  Catherine 
de  Behout  of  Antwerp.  He  died  of  the 
severe  plague  that  visited  Southampton 
in  the  summer  of  1604,  and  was  buried 
June  26.  There  were  87  deaths  from  the 
plague,  including  infants,  in  this  refugee 
congregation  alone. 

By  the  first  marriage  there  were  two 
sons  —  Abraham  and  Isaac  ;  and  six 
daughters — Elizabeth,  Jane,  Mary,  Sara, 
Esther,  and  Judith.  Of  Abraham,  baptized 
November  15,1571,  nothing  further  is  recorded. 
Isaac  continued  the  line  as  below.  Eliza- 
beth (baptized  November  4,  1576)  married 
Isaac  Roussel  of  London  ;  Jane  (March  8, 
1579)  married  Jan  Gorion  or  Jon-yon,  and 
went  to  London  also,  their  sons  being 
baptized  there.  Mary  (June  25,  1581) 
married  Paul  Latelais.  Sara  (December  22, 
1583)  married  Jean  Chapelin.  Esther  (March 
31,  1586)  married,  first,  Peter  1'Escaillet, 
and,  secondly,  Jean  Lourdel  of  London. 
Judith  (July  28,  1588)  married  James 
Guyot  in  1612. 

II.  Isaac  (Isacq)  le  Gay,  second  son  of 
Pierre,  was  baptized  August  16,  1573,  and 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.vm.APBiL3o.i9Si. 


admitted  to  the  Lord's  Supper  in  1589  ; 
he  occurs  in  the  registers  as  godfather, 
&c.,  from  1589  to  1598.^  He  was  a 
"  clothier  "  by  trade.  On  April  20,  1600, 
he  married  Esther  Behout  (once  called 
Esther  Magon,  perhaps  in  error).  He  died 
on  September  14, 1613,  and  was  buried  next 
day  at  Southampton.  He  appears  to  have 
prospered  in  business — the  prosperity  of 
these  immigrants  was  viewed  with  some 
natural  jealousy  by  the  English  towns- 
men—and his  will  (P.C.C.,  91  Capell),  dated 
September  10  and  proved  October  1,  1613, 
gives  some  evidences  of  his  success.  The 
following  is  an  abstract : — 

To  the  poor  of  the  French  church  £5,  to  be 
distributed  by  the  deacons  ;  to  the  poor  of  the 
English  church  £3.  TO  Mr.  Bellier  £5,  Mr.  Dela- 
motte  £3,  Mr.  Bawlinson  ".Os.,  Mr.  John  Du- 
quene's  wife  £5.  To  my  five  sisters  20s.  each. 
A  third  part  to  Ester  Behault  my  wife.  To 
my  three  daughters  each  £100.  Residue  to  my 
three  sons.  The  house  I  live  in,  with  dyehouse 
and  presses,  and  the  dyehouse  at  Hill  to  my 
three  sons,  to  be  sold  for  division.  Executors  : 
Mr.  John  Duquene  and  my  brethren  [brothers- 
in-law]  John  Jorryon  and  John  Lourdell.  Over- 
seers :  Mr.  William  Nevry,  now  mayor  of 
Southampton,  and  Mr.  John  Hersent  the  elder. 

The  mention  of  five  sisters  no  doubt  im- 
plies that  one  had  died.  Mr.  Delamotte 
would  be  the  minister  named  above. 

The  children  recorded  in  the  registers 
are  Jane  (baptized  March  15,  1600/1), 
Pierre  (July  25,  1602),  Esther  (October  9, 
1603  ;  died  January  26,  1603/4),  Isaac  (mis- 
called "  Jacob  "  in  the  register,  July  9, 
1606),  a  child  who  died  without  baptism  in 
September,  1607,  Katharine  (September  4, 
1608),  and  Jacob  (January  27,  1610/11).  The 
third  daughter  named  in  the  will,  though  she 
is  not  recorded  in  the  registers,  muslT  have 
been  the  Esther  Toldervey,  alias  Ingpen, 
mentioned  in  her  brother's  will  in  1679 
as  out  of  her  mind.  Of  the  history  of  the 
other  daughters,  Jane  and  Katherine, 
nothing  is  known.  For  the  eldest  son  see 
below. 

Isaac,  the  second  son,  became  a  merchant 
in  London,  where,  on  May  28,  1629,  he 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Jan  le  Poultre 
of  Norwich,  her  sister  Elizabeth  being  at 
the  same  time  married  to  Daniel  Farvaque 
of  Norwich,  who  became  a  partner  in 
business  with  Isaac.  On  June  2,  1636, 
Anthony  Hooper,  Daniel  Farvacks  and 
Isaac  Legaye,  merchants  of  London,  ad- 
dressed a  petition  to  the  Commissioners 
of  the  Admiralty  stating  that  they  had 
freighted  the  Mary  and  John  of  London 


to  sail  to  Newfoundland  and  take  fish 
to  the  value  of  £2,000,  but  the  voyage 
could  not  proceed  for  fear  of  the  press ; 
they  therefore  asked  protection  for  their 
sailors  (Cal.  S.P.,  Col.,  1574-1660,  p.  236). 
The  partnership  continued  till  1652,  as 
appears  by  the  Chancery  suit  cited  below, 
and  then  disputes  broke  out,  it  being  alleged 
that  Farvaque  had  engaged  in  private 
trading  on  his  own  account  in  breach 
of  the  articles  of  partnership.  They  had 
begun  with  a  domestic  trade  and  had 
extended  it  overseas. 

Isaac  died  January  10,  1659/60,  intestate,' 
and  was  buried  at  St.  Antholin's  in  the  City 
on  January  13.  His  widow,  Mary,  continued 
the  Chancery  proceedings  he  had  begun 
in  1657  against  his  former  partner  calling 
for  an  inquiry  into  the  partnership  profits 
(Bridges,  426/79).  The  widow  was  buried 
at  St.  Antholin's,  March  4,  1689/90  ;  her  will, 
dated  February  26,  was  proved  November  11, 
1690,  in  the  Commissary  Court  of  London 
(fo.  356).  She  was  there  described  as 
"  of  Hackney."  She  left  to  her  daughter 
Mary,  wife  of  John  Holwell,  £150,  linen, 
&c.,  and  mentions  two  granddaughters, 
Esther  and  Rebeccah  Holwell,  of  whom 
the  former  was  out  of  England.  To  her 
grandson  John  Beckford  she  left  £30. 
After  minor  bequests  the  residue  was  to  go 
to  her  two  daughters,  Sarah  Beckford  and 
Esther  Legay.  The  executors  were  Joan 
Mason  and  Sarah  Beckford. 

Of  the  children  of  Isaac  and  Mary  the 
baptisms  of  three  are  recorded  at  the 
French  church,  Threadneedle  Street :  Isaac 
in  1630,  Mary  in  1631,  Esther  in  1632. 
Sarah  was  married  at  St.  James's,  Duke's 
Place,  to  William  Beckford  on  January  9, 
1667/8,  by  licence.  Elizabeth  Legay, 
buried  at  St.  Antholin's,  March  10,  1659/60, 
may  have  been  another  daughter.  A  son 
was  Peter  Legay,  steward  of  the  man-of- 
war  Falcon,  for  whose  estate  administration 
was  granted  (P.C.C.)  on  December  4,  1689, 
to  his  mother,  Mary  Legay,  widow ;  he 
was  unmarried.  Mary  having  died,  a  further 
grant  was  required  and  made  in  August, 
1690. 

Jacob,  the  third  son,  continued  to  live 
at  Southampton,  being  described  as  of 
Freemantle.  He  was  collector  of  the  customs 
in  1652  (Cal.  S.P.),  and  was  sheriff  of  the 
borough  in  1658/9.  In  August,  1645,  he 
filed  a  bill  in  Chancery  against  William 
Le  Coeur  of  Paris,  &c.,  relating  to  business 
transactions  from  1638  onward.  He  had 


12S.VHI.APEIL30, 1921.1      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


343 


been   partner   with   Anthony   Hooper,    who ! 
died  in  February,   1643/4.     Le  Ccsur  in  his 
reply  stated  that  a  great  deal  of  Hooper's  \ 
estate    was    in    the    hands    of    complainant, 
Daniel     Farvax,     of     London,      merchant, 
Isaac  Legay,  his  partner,  and  Peter  Legay,  I 
of    Southampton,    Isaac    and    Peter    being  | 
brothers    of    complainant  ;      and    therefore  | 
he  could  not  tell  how  matters  stood  (Chan. 
Proc.,  Chas.  I.,  L.  12/33). 

In  1652  Jacob  Legay  and  Dorothy, 
his  wife,  one  of  the  daughters  and  heirs  j 
of  Christopher  Benbury  of  Southampton, 
brewer,  began  a  Chancery  suit  against 
Benbury's  executors  (one  of  whom  was 
Joseph  Delamotte)  concerning  Dorothy's 
share  of  the  estate  (Bridges,  426/77). 
By  deed  of  August  24,  1653,  Jacob  Legay 
and  Peter  Legay  of  London,  merchants, 
sold  to  Arthur  Evelyn  of  Shadsden,  Hants, 
Esq.,  the  fee-farm  rent  of  £40  12s.  lid. 
from  the  manor  of  Everleigh  in  Wilts, 
which  they  and  others  had  purchased 
from  trustees  for  selling  Crown  rents,  &c. 
(Close  Roll  3745,  No.  24).  John  Legay  of  | 
Millbrook  (and  Freemantle),  merchant,  may 
have  been  the  son  of  Jacob.  Administra- 
tion of  his  estate  was  in  1706  granted 
(P.C.C.)  to  his  widow  Anne,  who  in  1710 
claimed,  as  his  administratrix,  a  debt  from 
Edward  Hunt  of  Romsey,  and  John  Gilbert, 
executors  of  Edward  Hunt  of  Southampton, 
mercer  (Chanc.  Proc.,  Reynardson  380/33). 
J.  BBOWNBILL. 
(To  be  continued.) 


16     PAYMENTS.     26 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 
(See  ante,  pp.  163,  224,  265,  305.) 

THERE  are  many  proclamations  again  in  this 
year,  but  the  object  of  the  publication  is 
seldom  given ;  the  Church  Register  from  1 600 
to  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century  has 
been  lost,  so  no  information  can  be  obtained 
as  to  the  number  of  deaths.  The  plague  or 
some  other  disease  was  very  bad  in  Aldeburgh 
in  1570,  when  327  deaths  are  recorded  (the 
average  in  normal  times  being  about  42),  and 
the  death  rate  was  high  until  1575. 

The  prices  of  materials  for  "  Cloathing  of 
Towne  Children"  are  interesting,  and  few 
guardians  would  object  at  the  present  day  to 
pay  even  Is.  for  three  yards  of  "  cloath  "  at 
2s.  2d.  the  yard. 


Paid  for  mendine  of  the  cover  of  the  oven 
at  the  house  where  Barnaby  Scrutton 
dwelleth  00  00  06 

Paid  to  Thomas  Insent  for  carryeing  forth  of 
the  drum  and  for  the  mending  of  it  00  09  00 

Paid  to  Thomas  Insent  for  to  pay  for  his 
mace  mendine  and  fetchine  home  . .  00  04  00 

Paid  unto  mr  Cheney  for  105  shott  for  the 
bras  guns  bought  at  London,  April 
12  00  14  00 

G even  to  a  boy  in  the  Jay le    ..  ..      00  00  02 

Paid  for  beere  when  Goodman  Bull  paid 
his  \  yeere  rent  . .  . .  . .  00  00  06 

To  mr  Owldrine  for  perfumes  at  Christide 
and  Easter  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  03  00 

Paid  for  a  shott. .  ..  ..  ..      00  00  01 

Paid  to  Coo  for  mending  of  the  Church 
lader 00  01  04 

Paid  for  bread  cakes  and  cheese  when  we 
went  on  preambulacon  . .  . .  00  05  10 

Paid  unto  the  widd  Boone  for  dyet  on  the 
preambulacon  day  and  for  John  Urvis 
his  dynner  .  .  . .  . .  . .  01  02  06 

Paid  into  mr  Thomson  for  a  gun  of  beere 
at  the  preambulacon  day  . .  . .  00  04  00 

Paid  unto  Nicholas  Murford  for  a  roope  for 
the  beacon  waighine  3  stone  at  26s  p 
Cent 00  09  09 

Paid  for  a  procklimacon  against  Re- 
cusants . .  . .  . .  . .  00  02  00 

G  even  for  whippine  of  John  Bootie    ..      00  00  06 

Paid  for  a  letter  from  mr  Rivett         . .      00  00  03 

Paid  for  a  procklimacon  for  giving  thanks 
for  seasing  the  plague  . .  .  .  00  01  06 

To  John  Button  for  watchine  the  armour 
on  the  trayning  day  . .  . .  . .  00  00  02 

Paid  Willm  Bard  well  for  wyne  dyet  and 
horse  meat  when  Mr  Rivet  cam  to  binde 
the  victualers  may  29  . .  .  .  00  18  09 

Paid  mr  John  Blowers  for  a  last  of  sprats 
sent  to  S*  Henry  Glemhams  . .  01  00  00 

Paid  to  the  Goodwife  Lowdy  for  greene 
rushes  00  00  06 

For  a  quire  of  pap          . .  .  .  . .   .00  00  04 

For  a  yard  of  Canvis  for  Catteridges  . .      00  00  09 

Paid  unto  mr  Thomson  June  17th  to  pay 
the  charge  for  the  leading  of  the  Church 
as  apeere  p  his  bill  . .  . .  . .  05  10  00 

Geven  to  a  poore  souldier  wch  was  lamed 
in  the  King's  service ..  ..  ..  00  00  06 

Geven  by  the  apointment  of  mr  Baylifs  to 
Oldale  for  beating  of  a  drum  upon  a 
trayning  day  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  01  Off 

To  Robt  Baldwine  for  wine  and  3  folks 
diners  when  Sr  Henry  Glemham  sent 
venison  to  Towne  July  11  ..  . .  01  04  00 

To  Robt  Bald  wyne  for  a  horse  hire  to  Berye 
for  mr  Wall  to  ride  on.  4  dayes  . .  00  04  00 

Paid  unto  William  Bardwell  August  10, 
for  wyne  and  dyet  for  the  Ipswich  Journey 
and  for  Comunion  wyne  and  bread  a.s  a 
peere  by  his  bill 00  17  06 

To  Willm  Youngs  for  a  head  for  the  Towne 
drum 00  02  06 

To  Thomas  Fiske  for  a  hoope  for  the 
drum  . .  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  00  04 

To  Charles  Waren  for  mendinge  the  Towne 
drum  . ,  . ,  , ,  - .  . .  00  00  06 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     r.i2S.vm.AFRiL3o.io2i. 


To  John  Lowdie  for  looking  to  the  souldiers 
arnies  on  our  trayneing  day. .  . .  00  00  02 

for  a  stafe  and  for  fitting  it  for  the  Towne 
anshent  ,  ..  00  01  10 

for  turning  of  the  Towne  arnies  in  the  anshent 
andforsilke 00  01  00 

To  a  Countrie  man  for  7  great  shott  for  the 
ordnance  00  01  03 

Paid  to  the  Constables  August  for  com- 
position for  the  King  . .  . .  00  05  00 

To  Richard  Lilbourne  for  rushes  for  the 
Towne  hall  and  broome  . .  . .  00  00  10 

To  Robt  Pootey  for  keeping  the  beacon  for  the 
haven  ..  02  00  00 

To  Thomas  French  octobr  16  for  mayned 
souldiers  for  half  a  yeere  . .  . .  00  13  04 

To  Willm  Bard  well  Octobr  17  for  a  Towne 
child  put  an  aprentice  with  him  the 
some  of  02  00  00 

To  Richard  withe  October  21  for  Cottage 
rents  for  the  Towne  houses  for  the  year 
1626 00  10  06 

for  nayling  the  boards  of  the  sincke  in  the 
marketstead  and  for  making  it  cleane  00  00  06 

Paid  for  labourers  to  fill  the  tumbrell  to 
carry  away  muck  from  the  butchers  stalls 
and  to  bring  shingle  to  lay  there  . .  00  02  Oft 

To  Thomas  Cooke  for  posts  and  rayles  for  the 
fairestead  and  his  worke  . .  . .  00  05  00 

For  tryming  of  a  stoole  in  the  Church      00  01  00 

Paid  unto  Thomas  Cooke  december  23th  for 
timber  and  his  worke  for  the  house  wherein 
the  widow  Powes  dwelleth  and  for  the  fence 
betwixt  the  Almes  houses  and  mr  Haiwards 
and  for  2  hand  barrows  . .  . .  00  13  05 

To  the  Constables  for  whipine  of  Thomas 
Meekyne  Januar.  4 .00  01  00 

Paid  January  13th  to  Sir  Williams  Baylif 
for  £  a  yeeres  rent 00  10  00 

16     PAYMENTS.     27 

January. 

To  Thomas  Insent  money  that  he  paid  for 
washing  of  the  Carpet  for  the  Table  on  the 
Towne  hall 00  00  06 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  when  mr  Bade 
was  in  Towne  at  the  Admirall  Court  00  05  02 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  at  the  Lords 
Court  .  .  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  03  00 

For  two  holland  Cheeses  to  send  unto  Sir 
Henry  Glemham  . .  . .  . .  00  07  00 

To  mr  Robt  Rypine  money  that  he  laid  out  for 
the  use  of  the  Towne  as  f olloweth  for  a  letter 
carryeing  to  Ipswich  about  the  payeing  of 
the  groat  upon  the  Chalder  of  Coales  00  02  06 

more  geven  to  two  lame  men  that 
travelled  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  02  00 

Geven  p  mr  Baylifs    apointment  to   Father 
Steele  in  his  sicknes  Janvary  27th   . .      00  02  00 
Februaiy. 

To  Beales  the  mason  for  worke  and  stuff  viz 
lime  and  heare  for  the  Church  . .  00  03  03 

To  John  Richeson  for  horse  hire  to  carry  a 
last  of  spratts  to  S*  Henry  Glemham  00  01  04 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and  dyett  for  the 
Baylife  of  Southould  and  mr  Hardware 
of  Yarmouth  meeting  heere  in  Towne  to 
confer  concernyng  wastage  for  Iseland. 
febrvary  21th  ,.  ..  ,,  00  13  00 


March. 

To  the  Sheref  for  the  fee  fearme  for  the 
Towne. .  . .  . .  . .  . .  01  00  00 

Geven      to      poore      Irishe      people      that 

travelled          00  00  04 

June. 

Paid    unto    mr    Howkdrine     for     perfumes 
taken  at  two  severall  tymes  for  the  Townes 
use       . .          . .  . .  . .  . .      00  03  00 

Julie. 

Paid  to  John  Cooke  for  mending  of  the  Cuck- 
stoole  and  for  timber  and  for  pales  for 
the  pound  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  01  02 

Paid  for  freshe  fishe  to  send  to  Sir  Henry 
Glemham  and  mr  Rivett  . .  . .  00  07  00 

Paid   to    Charles    Warne   for   stocking   of    5 
muskets  and  Calivers  for  the  Towne     00  12  06 
August. 

To  Benjamen  Dow  for  mending  the  kneple 
of  the  great  Bell  00  02  00 

Paid  for  Charges  at  Wickham  for  wyne 
and  dyett  tor  34  persons  for  there 
dynners  . .  01  14  00 

Paid  for  pap  and  enke  August  27       ..      00  00  04 
Septembr. 

Geven  unto  Sir  Henry  Glemhams  man  for 
bringing  of  a  venison  to  Towne 
Sept  7  00  10  00 

Geven  unto  two  Scotchemen  that  came  out 
ofDunkerke 00  01  00 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and  dyett  upon 
the  Election  day  . .  •  . .  ^.  04  08  00 

Paid  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  and  dyett 
when  Sir  Henry  Glemhams  daughter 
was  in  towne  . .  . .  . .  03  03  00 

more  for  horsemeat  at  that  time        . .      00  04  00 

Paid  for  glasing  of  the  Church  win- 
dowes  00  05  00 

Paid  Willm  Bardwell  for  wyne  bestowed  on 
Mr  Wall  by  mr  Baylifs  when  he  went 
into  holland  Sep.*  23  . .  . .  00  04  04 

November. 

Paid  to  Charles  Warne  by  mr  Baylifs  apoint- 
ment for  a  thing  to  hang  there  hatts 
upon  . .  . .  . .  . .  ..  00  01  00 

Geven  by  mr  Baylifs  apointment  to  6  Shipp 
broken  men  to  travell  home  . .  00  06  00 

To  willm  Bardwell  for  244  foote  of  planke 
for  the  Towne  wall 01  04  00 

For  3  loads  of  thatche  for  the  Towne 
wall 00  15  00 

Paid  for  a  buckett  for  the  Towne  well  and  for 
a  strike  for  the  Towne  measures  . .      00  01  04 
December. 

Paid  willm  Huson  for  making  of  a  sute  of 
doathes  for  a  girle  which  Richard  Lil- 
bourne keepeth  00  01  07 

Paid  December  16th  to  Thomas  Grigson 
for  lead  for  the  Church  -  . .  . .  14  04  00 

Paid  to  mr  Hay  ward  for  16  C  and  3  qrs  and 
lOlb  of  lead 08  08  00 

Paid  to  Willm  Bardwell  for  19  pales  4  foote 
and  3  foote  and  for  7  five  foote  pale,  and 
for  a  poste  2  studs  and  a  peece  of  planke  for 
a  stepple  for  the  Church  yard  and  for 
nayles  and  Carpenters  wages  Decemb* 
24  .00  12  06 

FOB  CLOATHING  OF  TOWNE  CHILDREN. 
Cooks  oldest  child. 

Inprimus    laid  out  to  Cloath  Cookes  eldest 
child  which  the  Towne  is  discharged  of  as 


i2S. vm. APBILSO, i92i.i      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345 


followeth,  for  3  yards  and  di  of  cloath  at 

for  a  Cassack  and  britches  . .      00  08  02 

for  a  yard  3  qrs  of  white  cotton  to  lyne  the 

briches  . .      00  02  02$ 

for  a  yard  and  di  of  greene  cotton  for  a  petti- 

coate. .  00  02  04% 

for  2  dossen  of  buttons          . .  . .      00  00  02 

for    making    of    the    Cassack    briches    and 

petticoate 00  01  06 

To     Barnaby    Scrutton    for     a     payer     of 

shooes  00  01  04 

To  Willm  Younge  for  a  hatt  . .  . .      00  01  06 

more  for  a  shirt          00  01  08 

for  a  payer  of  stockens          . .  . .      00  01  02 

Cookes  youngest. 

For  Cooks  youngest  child  To  Thomas  Fiske 

jun    for   3  yards  of  cloath   at   23  2d   the 

yard 00  07  00 

more  for  canvis  and  buttons  ..  ..      00  00  06% 

for   2  yards   i  of    red  cotton  at    is   7d  the 

yard 00  03  06% 

To    wm    Dinington     for     making     of     two 

koats 00  01  04 

Eallies  child. 
paid  to  Thomas  Fiske  jun  for  2  yards  and  % 

of  granny     . .          . .  . .  . .      00  05  05 

for  a  yard  and  %  a  qr  of  cloath          . .      00  02  09% 
for  2  yards  of  blue  cotton      . .  . .      00  03  02 

for  an  ell  of  greene  cotton      . .  . .      00  01  10% 

for  2  binding  for  the  koats    . .  . .      00  00  02 

foo.    making    of    two    petticoats    and    two 

waskoats       . .  . .  . .  . .      00  01  06' 

for  yarne  for  a  payer  of  stockens      . .      00  00  09% 
for  a  payer  of  shooes  . .  . .  . .      00  01  04 

for  2  smocks  making  . .  . .  . .      00  00  06 

for    5    yards    of    white    harnb rough    for    2 

smocks  00  03  09 

Wm  Bardwels  child. 
Paid  unto  Thomas  Fiske  junr  for  yards  and 

%  of  cloath 00  08  04 

more  for  an   ell  of    penesbone  cotton  thre 

yards  of  lase  and  a  binding. .          ..      00  03  04 
more  taken  afterwards  for  a  qr  and  a  nayle 

of   cloath 00  01  00 

Paid  unto  the  widow  Bpone  money  that  she 

laid  out  for  Cooks  child  that  she  keepeth. 

Imprinms  for  a  hat  . .  . .      00  01  00 

for  a  payre  of  shooes . .  . .          . .      00  01  00 

for  a  payre  of  hose      . .  . .  . .      00  01   00 

for  two  shirts  and  an  aporne  making  00  00  06 
for  a  blue  lyning  aporne  and  strings  00  01  00 
for  two  yards  3  qrs  and  di  of 

loccram          . .          . .  . .          . .      00  02  10 

more  for  thrid  00  00  01 

To  willm  Dinyngton  for  making  of  two  sutes 

of  cloathes  one  for   Lock  the   other  for 

Lannce          . .          . .  . .          . .      00  02  06 

To  Thomas  Fiske  senr  for  a  petticoat  and  a 

waskoat  for  Bobbits  child  that  Lilbourne 

keepeth          . .          . .  . .  . .      00  08  04 

for  a  payer  of  hose  and  a  payer  of  shooes 

for  that  girle  00  02  02 

To  Thomas  Fiske  Juiir  for  cloath  for  two 

sutes  of  appell  one  for  lock  the  other  for 

Lannce          . .          . .  . .          . .      00  12  00 

ARTHUR  T.   WINN. 

Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ASSHETON   OF    SALFORD   AND    PENN 
OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


William   Perm  returned   to 
a    sojourn    in    England,    he 


IN    1699,   when 
America    after 

brought  with  him  his  kinsman,  Robert 
Assheton  of  Salford,  gentleman,  the  latter' s 
wife  Margaret,  and  several  children.  From 
that  time  until  1770  the  Asshetons  were 
prominent  in  the  life  of  Philadelphia  as 
leaders  in  politics  and  in  the  established 
Church.  Although  the  name  has  now  died 
out  in  America,  there  are  many  descendants 
in  female"  lines— a  situation  duplicated  in 
England  by  the  descendants  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Assheton  of  Trinity  Chapel,  Salford, 
uncle  of  the  emigrant.  My  researches  in  the 
history  of  the  family,  although  not  entirely 
satisfactory,  have  proved  beyond  question  the 
connexion  between  the  early  Asshetons  and 
the  Perms,  and  have  by  this  means  identified 
one  of  the  sisters  of  Admiral  William  Perm, 
father  of  the  founder  of  Pennsylvania. 

On  May  30,  1687,  William  Perm  granted  to 
his  cousins,  the  children  of  WTilliam  Assheton 
of  Salford,  gentleman,  3,000  acres  of  land  in 
Pennsylvania.  Over  a  half-century  later, 
the  surviving  heirs  became  involved  in  a  legal 
controversy,  the  papers  in  which  give  some 
interesting  genealogical  information  ('  The 
Penn  Papers,  Pennsylvania  Land  Grants,' 
vol.  ix.,  pp.  141-159,  in  the  library  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania).  Jeffrey 
Hart  of  Salford,*  in  an  affidavit  stated  that  he 
had  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Assheton  of  Salford,  brother  of  William 
Assheton,  the  father  of  the  emigrant.  William 
Assheton's  wife  is  stated  to  have  been  a  rela- 
tive of  William  Penn.  William  Assheton 
was  buried  at  Trinity  Chapel,  Salford, 
January  7,  1721  (ibidem). 

In  the  list  of  marriage  licences  recorded  at 
Chester  ('  Record  Society  of  Lancashire  and 
Cheshire,'  vol.  vi.,  p.  48)  occurs  the  entry  of 
William  Ashton  of  Salford,  gentleman,  and 
Frances  Bradshaw,  spinster,  August,  1668. 
Dugdale,  in  his  '  Visitation  of  Lancashire,' 
1664-5,  records  Frances  Bradshaw  as  the 
youngest  daughter  of  Ralph  Bradshaw  of 
Pendleton,  gentleman,  by  his  wife  Rachel, 
daughter  of  Giles  Pen  [sic],  merchant  of 
Bristol  ('  Chetham  Society,'  vol.  Ixxxiv., 
p.  53).  This  Giles  Pen  or  Penn  was  the  father 
of  Admiral  William  Penn  ('D.N.B.').  Frances 
Bradshaw  Assheton  was  therefore  a  first 
cousin  of  the  proprietor. 

*  Jeffrey  Hart  and  Margaret  his  wife  were 
the  ancestors  of  the  Ethelstons  of  Hinton,  Shrop- 
shire, and  the  Peels  of  Bryn-y-Pys,  near  Euabon. 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


In  the  Probate  Court  at  Chester  is  preserved 
an  administration  bond  of  goods  not  admini- 
stered of  Robert  Ashton  of  Salford,  gent.  The 
bond  is  dated  1693,  and  William  Ashton  is 
mentioned  as  administrator  of  the  goods  not 
administered  of  Robert  Ashton,  of  Salford, 
gent.,  his  late  father.  This  evidence  is 
further  corroborated  by  the  matriculation 
entry,  in  1667,  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Assheton 
at  Magdalene  College,  Cambridge,  furnished 
me  by  Mr.  Ernest  Axon  of  Stockport,  in 
which  the  boy  is  given  as  eighteen  years  of 
age  and  son  of  Robert  Ashton  of  Salford, 
gentleman.  This  Robert  Ashton  would  seem 
to  have  been  identical  with  the  Robert 
Ashton  of  Salford,  gentleman,  whose  will  is 
listed  at  the  Probate  Court  in  Chester,  1668, 
but  cannot  be  found  there  at  present.  Raines 
says  that  letters  of  administration  were 
granted  to  Mary,  widow  of  Robert  Ashton  ; 
this  suggests  an  error  in  the  record. 

The  identity  of  Robert  Ashton  of  Salford, 
father  of  William  and  the  Rev.  Robert 
Assheton,  remains  somewhat  in  doubt.  It 
would  seem  probable  that  he  was  the  same 
as  that  Mr.  Robert  Ashton  mentioned  on 
August  8,  1654,  by  Humphrey  Chetham 
as  going  with  him  "  to  Latham  to  take  an 
Acknowledgm*  of  y°  ffine  from  ye  Earle  and 
Countesse  of  Darby"  ('Chetham  Society,' 
N.S.,  vol.  1.,  p.  211  ;  see  also  pp.  213  and  214). 
The  arms  borne  by  the  Salford  Asshetons 
and  by  their  descendants  in  America  are 
described  by  Raines  as  "  Argent,  a  mullet 
sable,  a  canton  of  the  second,  quartering 
2  and  3  a  mascle  within  a  bordure  engrailed. 
Crest :  On  a  wreath,  a  man  holding  a  scythe  " 
(F.  R.  Raines,  '  The  Fellows  of  the  Collegiate 
Church  of  Manchester/  ed.  by  Frank 
Renaud,  M.D.,  F.S.A.,  'Chetham  Society,' 
N.S.,  vols.  xxi.  and  xxiii.,  vol.  xxi.,  p.  206.) 
This  is  almost  identical  with  the  arms  of  the 
Ashtons  of  Shepley : — Quarterly  :  1  and  4, 
Argent,  a  mullet  sable,  a  crescent  for  differ- 
ence ;  2  and  3,  argent,  a  mascle  within  a 
bordure  engrailed,  sable.  Crest :  A  man  with 
a  scythe. 

In  the  pedigree  of  the  Shepley  Ashtons 
given  by  Dugdale  in  his  '  Visitation  of  Lan- 
cashire,' 1664-5,  pp.  16-17  ('  Chetham  Society,' 
Ixxxiv.),  Robert  Ashtpn  of  Shepley  is  given 
as  sixty  years  of  age.  His  eldest  son  is  John, 
then  aged  thirty-four — i.e.,  on  September  9, 
1664  ;  his  second  son,  Robert,  is  mentioned 
but  without  any  comment  or  description. 
At  the  earliest,  John  Ashton  could  not  have 
been  born  before  1629  and  his  brother  before 
1630-1631.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Rev . 


Robert  Assheton  of  Salford  was  born  in 
1648-1649,  any  identification  of  his  father 
with  Robert,  the  second  son  of  Robert  Ashton 
of  Shepley,  would  necessarily  postulate  a 
very  early  marriage  on  the  part  of  the  second 
son  Robert.  In  view,  however,  of  the  early 
marriages  of  the  Salford  Asshetons  and  their 
descendants,  I  do  not  regard  this  as  impos- 
sible :  Robert,  the  emigrant,  married  at 
twenty  or  before  (C.  P.  Keith,  '  Provincial 
Councillors  of  Pennsylvania,'  Philadelphia, 
1883  ;  '  Assheton,'  pp.  281-307)  ;  his  son 
Ralph  married  at  twenty  a  girl  of  fifteen 
(ibidem).  But  should  it  be  that  William 
Assheton  of  Salford  was  the  elder  brother  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  Assheton,  this  hypothesis 
would  become,  if  not  untenable  at  least  in- 
creasingly improbable.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  on  August  2,  1647,  John  Ashton, 
son  and  heir  of  Robert  Ashton  of  Shepley, 
was  admitted  to  Gray's  Inn  (J.  Foster,  '  The 
Register  of  Admissions  to  Gray's  Inn,  1521- 
1889  '  .  .  .  London,  1889,  p.  246),  and  that 
on  June  10,  1713,  William  Ashton  of  Salford, 
gentleman  (son  of  Robert  Assheton  of 
Pennsylvania),  was  admitted  to  the  same  in- 
stitution. The  Salford  and  Pennsylvania 
Asshetons,  descendants  of  William  Assheton,* 
father  of  the  emigrant,  were  all  members  of 
the  bar  ;  it  is  not  without  significance  that 
the  Shepley  Ashtons  followed  the  same 
profession. 

I  should  be  glad  to  have  any  information 
in  regard  to  (1)  the  descent  of  Robert  Assheton 
of  Salford,  died  1668  ;  (2)  his  marriage  ;  (3)  the 
date  of  birth  of  his  son  William  ;  (4)  the  mar- 
riage of  Robert  Assheton,  the  emigrant,  about 

1689  to  Margaret . 

JOSEPH  M.  BEATTY,  Jr. 

Goucher  College,  Baltimore,  Md.,  U.S.A. 


AMONG  THE  SHAKESPEARE  ARCHIVES. — 
Since  writing  the  article  that  appeared  in 
'  N.  &  Q.  '  of  April  16, 1  have  learned  that  the 
pillory  at  Stratford  (p.  303,  col.  2,  1.  5)  was 
not  at  the  Market  Cross,  but  on  a  piece  of 
common  ground  at  the  corner  of  Sheep 
Street  and  Chapel  Street,  which  was  used  as 
the  Bull  Ring,  and  subsequently  was  the 
site  of  the  Town  Hall  burned  down  by  the 
Cavaliers  in  1643. 

The  stocks  and   pillory  are  referred  to  in 

*  The  Publications  of  the  Historical  MSS. 
Commission  (14th  Report,  Report  on  MSS.,  Lord 
Kenyon)  contain  interesting  references  to  this 
William  Assheton,  who  was  a  man  of  considerable 
distinction,  apparently  associated  with  the  Earl  of 
Derby. 


i2S. VIIL AERUGO,  1021.1      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


Shakespeare's  plays,  both  of  them  in  the 
early  comedy  '  The  Two  Gentlemen  of 
Verona,'  which  is  unusually  full  of  remini- 
scences of  Stratford.  Launce  has  "  sat  in 
the  stocks  for  puddings "  that  his  dog 
"  hath  stolen,  and  stood  on  the  pillory 
for  geese  he  hath  killed"  (iv.  4,  33  ff.). 

EDGAR  I.  FRIPP. 
Altrincham. 

ASCENSION  DAY  :  A  WARWICKSHIRE  j 
CUSTOM. — Rain  falling  on  this  day  was 
caught,  bottled,  and  kept  for  use.  It  j 
prevented  bread  from  turning  heavy  in  the  j 
baking  and  would  keep  for  a  year.  A  tea- 1 
spoonful  of  water  was  added  to  each  batch  I 
of  bread.  J.  HARVEY  BLOOM. 

JOSEPH    AUSTIN,    ACTOR    (1735-1821). —  | 
On  April   10,    1921,  The  Observer  contained 
the  following  notice,  copied  from  its  issue 
of  April  9,  1821  :— 

Died. — Aged  86,  Joseph  Austin,  Esq.,  many 
years  proprietor  of  the  Chester  and  Newcastle 
Theatres,  and  the  last  remaining  actor  mentioned 
in  Churchill's  '  Rosciad.' 

This  seems  worthy  of  a  permanent  place 
in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  for  Austin's  death  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  recorded  either  in  The 
Times  or  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
although  the  same  obituary  notice  is  to 
be  found  in  The  Annual  Register  for  1821 
(p.  234). 

Some  information  about  Austin  is  given 
in  the  Rev.  J.  Genest's  '  Some  Account  of  the 
English  Stage  '  (1832,  iv.,  pp.  583,  609,  612), 
and  in  Thomas  Gilliland's  '  The  Dramatic 
Mirror'  (1808,  i.  236),  but  the  date  of  his 
birth  was  apparently  unknown  to  these 
authors.  Between  1759  and  1761  he  was 
associated  with  Garrick  at  Drury  Lane, 
and  was  employed  there  not  only  as  actor 
but  as  prompter  and  assistant  manager. 

A  portrait  of  Austin,  the  only  one  known, 
belongs  to  Dr.  Philip  Norman,  F.S.A.  It 
was  painted  in  1788  by  William  Bell  of 
Newcastle,  and  is  reproduced,  together  with 
one  by  the  same  painter  of  Austin's  wife, 
in  this  month's  Connoisseur. 

HILDA  F.  FINBERG. 

47,  Holland  .Road,  Kensington,  W.I 4. 

NEOLOGY. — There  are  some  words  in 
Stephen  Graham's  '  The  Challenge  of  the 
Dead '  which  seem  very  like  a  challenge 
of  the  living  and  make  an  old  writer  "  sit 
up."  Let  me  instance  three.  Talking  of 
white  stone  crosses  which  have  been  raised 
in  memory  of  fallen  fighters  in  a  French 
cemetery  he  remarks  : — •"  1921  will  see 


them  rolling  out  in  new  stone  crosses, 
at  first  startingly  pallid  and  virginal,  but 
as  the  months  go  on  getting  gradually 
greyened  and  darkened  "  (p.  96). 

Greyened  !  Hard  to  say,  hideous  to  the 
eye,  wholly  superfluous  ! 

On  p.  121  we  read  of  eyes  that  are 
"  dullened,"  and  of  Arras  it  is  noted  that 
"  the  Cathedral  with  the  top  of  its  massive 
tower  gnawn  off  by  Fate  is  to  be  preserved 
for  ever  as  a  memorial  of  these  days " 
(p.  113). 

By  the  way,  I  visited  Arras  before  the 
war,  and,  to  my  surprise,  have  no  recollec- 
tion of  this  tower  which  made  a  lasting 
impression  on  Mr.  Graham.  In  one  passage, 
which  I  perhaps  scanned  too  casually, 
he  seemed  to  imply  that  it  dominates  the 
Grand'  Place.  Is  this  the  case  ?  Though 
not  likely,  it  is  just  possible  that  he  may 
be  mixing  up  the  Cathedral  with  the  debris 
of  the  Hotel  de  Ville.  What  does  somebody 
else  say  ?  ST.  SWITHIN. 


©uerte*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


EIGHTEENTH  -  CENTURY  NAVAL  AND 
MILITARY  FUNDS. — I  should  be  glad  to 
learn  if  any  information  can  be  obtained 
about  the  Naval  and  Military  Funds  that 
were  raised  in  the  City  of  London  at  the  end 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  to  assist  the 
wounded  and  relatives  of  the  fallen,  or  to 
reward  deeds  of  gallantry  with  badges  of 
distinction. 

A.  N.  ST.  QUINTIN,  Lt. -Colonel. 

RIGHTS  AND  DUTIES  OF  FUNCTIONARIES. 
— Can  anyone  direct  me  where  I  can  obtain 
detailed  and  accurate  information  as  to 
what  are  the  rights  and  duties  of  (a)  a  Lord- 
Lieutenant  ;  (6)  a  Gustos  Rotulorum ; 
(c)  a  Privy  Councillor  ;  (d)  the  Board  of 
Green  Cloth  ?  WILLIAM  BULL. 

House  of  Commons. 

"  VENETIAN  WINDOW." — I  should  be 
greatly  obliged  if  any  reader  could  inform 
me  what  is  the  meaning  of  "  Venetian 
window  "  as  applied  to  church  windows  in 
the  seventeenth  century.  Does  the  expres- 
sion apply  to  a  particular-shape,  or  to  the  fact 
that  the  window  was  filled  with  coloured 
glass  ?  S.  M.  L. 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.ArRiL3o,i92i. 


PICTURES  OF  COVENT  GABDEN. — I  should  i 
be    glad    to    know   whether    tl^ere    are    any ! 
early  eighteenth-century  pictures  of  Covent  I 
Garden  Market   in   public  museums  or  art 
galleries   in  England,  apart  from  those  now 
hanging  in  the  London  Museum. 

HILDA  F.   FINBERG. 

47,    Holland    Road,    W.I 4. 

PARSONS  FAMILY. — Sir  John  Parsons 
(Lord  Mayor  of  London),  who  died  in  1717, 
had  three  sons  :  ( 1 )  John,  who  predeceased  his 
father,  leaving  a  son,  John  ;  (2)  Henry,  who 
died  in  1740  ;  and  (3)  Humphry  (twice 
Lord  Mayor  of  London),  who  died  in  1740, 
leaving  a  son,  John.  I  shall  be  glad  to  have 
any  information  concerning  the  two  grand- 1 
sons  mentioned,  and  also  of  Henry,  whoj 
married  but  died,  apparently,  s.p.,  as  no 
children  are  mentioned  in  his  will. 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 

Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 

PAUL  LUCAS:  His  'JOURNEY  THROUGH 
ASIA  MINOR.' — Can  anyone  tell  me  the  date! 
of  the  first  appearance  of  this  work,  and  i 
whether  it  was  written  in  French  or  English  ? 
It  is  quoted  (in  English)  in  Mr.  Waite's  '  Lives 
of  the  Alchemystical  Philosophers  '  for  a 
queer  story  of  the  survival  of  the  French 
alchemist  Nicholas  Flamel  and  his  wife 
years  after  their  supposed  death — but  as 
no  date  is  given  it  is  impossible  to  say  how 
many  years.  Flamel  died  about  1419. 

C.  C.  B. 

A    SLICE    OF    BREAD    AND   BUTTER. — It 
would  seem  that  the  slice  of  bread  and  butter 
is  among  the  oldest  forms  of  food  still  in  j 
everyday    use.      Mr.    J.    H.    Gurney,  in    a 
recent  book,  '  Early  Annals  of  Ornithology,'  i 
quotes  the  Venetian,   Capello,  Ambassador  j 
to  England  in  1496-7,  who,  writing  of  the  j 
profusion  of  birds  in  this  country  and  the  \ 
tameness  of  kites  around  London,  says  : — 

They  often  take  out  of  the  hands  of  little 
children,  the  bread  smeared  with  butter,  in  the  I 
Flemish  fashion,  given  to  them  by  their  mothers. 

Is  this  the  earliest  reference  to  bread  and 
butter  eating  in  England  ? 

J.   LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 
'    101,  Piccadilly. 

FRANCIS  AND  JOHN  ANDERSON,  WRITERS 
TO  THE  SIGNET,  EDINBURGH. — I  seek  the 
name  of  the  parents  of  Messrs.  Francis 
and  John  Anderson,  who  were  in  partner- 
ship as  Writers  to  the  Signet,  and  had 
offices  in  Edinburgh  in  1789. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


ROBINSON  CRUSOE'S  ISLAND.  — I  have  seen 
in  a  recent  evening  paper  that  Chile  is  going 
to  turn  the  island  of  Juan  Fernandez  into 
a  "  park."  This  information  is  conveyed 
under  the  headline  "Robinson  Crusoe's 
Island."  I  have  hitherto  understood  that 
Robinson  Crusoe's  Island  was  in  the  estuary 
of  the  Orinoco.  Am  I  or  is  the  newspaper 
right  ?  CONSTANT  READER. 

RECORD  IN  LONGEVITY.  —  Can  any  reader 
produce  a  family  record  to  beat  that  de- 
tailed below  ? 

On  Sept.  20,  1809,  Hugh  Macpherson, 
Professor  of  Greek  in  King's  College,  Aber- 
deen (b.  Aug.  12,  1767  ;  d.  Mar.  12,  1854), 
married  Christina  (b.  Sept.  13,  1785 ;  d. 
Aug.  17,  1860),  daughter  of  Roderick  Mac- 
leod,  principal  of  the  same  college.  The 
issue  of  the  marriage  was  six  sons  and 
seven  daughters,  viz.  :  — 

1.  Isabella,  b.  Mar.   7,   1811;  d.   Oct.    8,    1899, 
aged  eighty-eight,  unmarried. 

2.  William,  b.  July  19,  1812  ;  Master  in  Equity, 
High    Court,    Calcutta,    d.    April  20,   1893,    aged 
eighty. 

3.  Anne  Maria,  b.  Apr.   11,   1814;  d.  Mar.    14, 
1900,  aged  eighty- five,  unmarried. 

4.  Elizabeth,    b.    Jan.    25,    1816;    d.    Apr.    27, 
1885,  aged  sixty-nine,  unmarried. 

5.  John,    b.    May    20,    1817;    M.D.,    practised 
in  Calcutta  and  London;  d.  Mar.   17,  1890,  aged 
seventy-two. 

6.  Christina,  b.  Jan.    31,   1819;  d.  Apr.,   1882, 
aged  sixty-three,  married. 

7.  Jessie  (twin  sister  of  Christina)  b.  Jan.   31, 
1819  ;  d.  Aug.  28,  1906,  aged  eighty-seven,  married. 

8.  Hugh  Martin,  b.  Aug.   30,   1820;  Inspector- 
General   of  Hospitals,   Bengal;   d.   Apr.    4,    1902, 
aged  eighty- one. 

9.  Margaret,  b.  Aug.   25,    1822;  d.  November, 
1915,  aged  ninety-three,  unmarried. 

10.  Roderick  Donald,  b.  Feb.  27,  1824;  Major- 
General   Bengal   Staff   Corps;    d.    Dec.    2,    1900, 
aged  seventy-six. 

11.  Norman,   b.   June    13,    1825;   Professor   of 
Scots   Law,   Edinburgh;    d.   Aug.    2,    1914,   aged 
eighty-nine. 

12.  Arthur   George,   b.   Sept.    26,    1828;    Judge 
of  High  Court,  Calcutta;  d.  Jan.  22,   1921,  aged 
ninety- two. 

13.  Lucy  Jane,   b.    Oct.    21,    1830;   d.    Oct.    7, 
1915,  aged  eighty-six,  married. 

Thus  the  thirteen  children  between  them 
lived  1061  years,  or  an  average  of  eighty- 
one  years  each  !  And  this,  though  of  the 
six  sons,  five,  and  of  the  seven  daughters, 
three,  spent  much  of  their  lives  in  India. 

Principal  Roderick  Macleod  held  college 
office  for  sixty-seven  years.  This  was 
cited  by  me  as  a  record  in  '  N.  &  Q,'  9  S.  iii. 
486,  and  no  better  claim  has  been  brought 
forward.  P.  J.  ANDERSON. 

University  Library,  Aberdeen. 


i2S.vni.ApiuL3o.i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


PREDECESSORS  OF  '  EDWIN  DROOD.'  - 
The  recent  publication  of  Mr.  Percy  Garden's 
book,  '  The  Murder  of  Edwin  Drood,'  and 
the  reprinting^  of  Gillan  Vase's  work 
'  The  Great  Mystery  Solved  ' — the  latter 
published  in  1878  for  the  first  time — is  evi- 
dence that  Dickens's  unfinished  work  still 
retains  a  considerable  hold  on  public  in- 
terest. Mr.  J.  Cuming  Walters,  in  his  con- 
tribution to  the  solution  of  the  mystery 
entitled  '  The  Complete  Mystery  of  Edwin 
Drood  '  (published  in  1912),  makes  an  al- 
lusion in  the  Introduction,  p.  xx.,  to  an 
incident  which,  unexplained,  places  Dickens 
in  a  very  unfavourable  light,  and  indeed 
might  lead  persons  not  acquainted  with  the 
great  novelist  to  suspect  him  of  unpardon- 
able behaviour  to  another  and  a  younger 
author.  Mr.  Walters  says  : — 

Dickens,  in  a  letter  written  by  him  as  editor 
of  All  the  Year  Round,  explained  to  the  Hon. 
Robert  Lytton  why  he  could  not  continue  the 
publication  of  his  story  '  John  Acland  '  as  origi- 
nally projected.  Dickens^s  letter  was  peculiarly 
apologetic  in  tone,  and  manifestly  he  desired  to 
s**lve  Lytton's  wounded  feelings,  though  obviously 
he  had  no  alternative  but  to  discontinue  the 
story,  which  he  discovered  "  had  been  done  before." 
But  here  follows  a  bewildering  series  of  facts.  The 
story  of  '  John  Acland,'  begun  in  1869,  was  of  a 
man  mysteriously  murdered  by  his  closest  friend, 
his  body  untraced,  his  probable  reappearance  in 
the  flesh  suggested,  the  corpse  ultimately  dis- 
covered in  an  icehouse  and  identity  established 
by  means  of  a  watch.  It  is  at  once  apparent  that 
this  plot  closely  resembles  in  outline  the  plot  of 
'  Edwin  Drood.'  Yet  Dickens,  finding  the  story 
"  had  been  done  before,"  stops  Lytton's  story  in 
1869,  and  six  months  later  begins  a  similar  one 
himself  !  On  this,  the  following  queries  arise  : — 

1.  What  was  the  original  story  that  was  so  like 
Lytton's   '  John  Acland,'   and  where  is  it  to  be 
found  ? 

2.  Are    the    parallels  such  as  to  suggest  that 
Lytton  copied  from  that  story  or  are  they  merely 
coincidences  ? 

3.  Has      any     explanation     been    given    why 
Dickens,  knowing  Lytton's  work,  and  aware  of  its 
similarity  to  another  story,  at  a  later  period  de- 
cided to  deal  with  the  same  theme  ? 

Mr.  Walters  then  goes  on  to  discuss  other 
matters,  but  it  would  be  interestiing  to  know 
how  far  Lytton's  story  was  allowed  to  run, 
and  what  excuse  Dickens,  as  editor,  made  to 
his  readers  for  stopping  the  publication  of  a 
tale  which  must,  by  the  description  given 
above,  have  intrigued  their  imaginations. 
Mr.  Cuming  Walters  appears  to  know  the 
end  of  the  story,  but  it  would  seem  never 
to  have  been  completed  in  All  the  Year 
Round.  Perhaps  it  was  afterwards  pub- 
lished in  book  form  ? 


This  is  an  incident  very  little  discussed  by 
"  Droodists,"  and  they  are  much  indebted  to 
Mr.  Cuming  Walters  for  his  interesting  dis- 
closures. Some  more  detailed  information 
would,  however,  be  exceedingly  valuable, 
and  perhaps  those  of  your  readers  who  are  in 
possession  of  the  complete  facts  would  be 
able  to  supply  the  missing  links. 

M.  A.  ELLIS. 

5,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 

SULLIVAN,  ITINERANT  BOOKSELLER. — 
Borrow,  in  his  '  Wild  Wales  '  (chap,  xxvii.), 
gives  an  amusing  account  of  an  encounter 
with  a  travelling  Irish  "  bookseller,"  Michael 
Sullivan,  near  the  Menai  tubular  bridge. 
Was  Sullivan  an  actual  personage  ? 

J.  ARDAGH. 

NOVEL  WANTED  :  '  THE  VAGABOND.' — 
Some  time  about  1885  a  serial  novel  with  the 
above  title  appeared  in  the  Newcastle  Weekly 
Chronicle  Supplement.  Who  was  the 
author;  was  the  novel  issued  in  book 
form  ;  and  where  can  it  now  be  obtained  ? 
ARTHUR  BOWES. 

MICHAEL  KEN  YON,  who  had  kept  com- 
pany with  Dr.  Nicolas  Sander  and  also  with 
Thomas  Stucley,  was  one  of  the  soldiers 
levied  in  Lancashire  who  refused  to  fight 
against  the  Irish  Catholics.  By  Dec.  9, 
1580,  he  had  been  arrested  and  imprisoned 
at  Chester  (Dasent,  *  Acts  of  the  Privy 
Council,'  xii.,  pp.  287,  298  ;  *  Cal.  S.P.,  Irish 
Series,'  1574-1585,  p.  274).  What  is  known 
of  him  and  of  his  companions  Shute  and 
Chatham  ?  He  accused  them  and  they 
accused  him.  T.  A.  KENYON. 

31,  Derby-road,  Southport. 

MEANING  OF  MOTTO  WANTED. — "  Lavins 
Fit  Patientia  "  appears  on  a  bookplate  under 
a  coat  of  arms  in  a  number  of  old  Illustrated 
London  News  I  bought  many  years  ago.  The 
owner's  name  is  beneath — Frederick  Burgess, 
Burgess  Hall,  North  Finchley.  What  pos- 
sible meaning  can  be  attached  to  "  Lavins  "  ? 
Even  if  it  wrere  a  Latin  word,  which  it  cer- 
tainly is  not,  the  motto  would  have  no  sense. 
Can  any  reader  throw  light  on  the  history  of 
this  bookplate  ?  BRA  YE. 

["  Lavins  "  would  appear  to  be  a  mistake  for 
levins.  "Levius  fit  patientia "  (cf.  Hor.  Od.  I. 
xxiv.  : — 

Durum  :  sed  levius  fit  patientia 
Quicquid  corrigere  est  nefas.) 

is  (he  motto  cf  the  Surges  family,  who,  in 
the  eighteenth  century,  changed  that  name  to 
Lamb.  See  Burke.] 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      n2s.vin.ApBiL3o,i92i. 


''AMTMANN.'' —  In  Islip  churchyard,  Ox- 
fordshire, this  inscription  occurs  :  — 

Charlotte,  the  devoted  and  dearly  loved 
wife  of  John  Cook  Wilson,  daughter  of  Wilhelm 
Schneider,  sometime  Amtmann  of  Gifhorn, 
Hanover.  Born  2nd  December  1846.  Died 
21st  January  1914. 

What  exactly  is  the  office  of  Amtmann, 
and  how  can  I  best  render  it  into  English  ? 
GEORGE  J.  DEW. 

Lower  Heyford,  Banbury. 

Music  IN  THE  EARLY  XVIIlTH  CENTURY. 
— Where  can  I  find  information  as  to  life 
in  musical  circles  and  particulars  of  anti- 
quarian interest  connected  with  music 
belonging  to  the  early  eighteenth  century  ? 
What  Society  would  best  be  able  to  furnish 
such  ?  PRISCILLA. 

[We  would  suggest  an  application  to  the  Musical 
Association,  12,  Longley  Road,  Tooting  Gravenev, 
S.W.] 

"  THE  JOSEPH  HUME  OF  DORSETSHIRE. "- 
In  1836,  "  Robert  Gordon,  Esq.,"  published 
in  London  '  A  Letter  .     .     .  on  the  . 
atrocious  system  of  imprisonment  for  debt.' 
Is   he   the   Robert   Gordon   of   Auchendolly 
(1787-1864),    M.P.   for  Cricklade,   Wareham 
and  Windsor    from  1812  to  1841,  who  con- 
tributed to  The  Edinburgh  Review,    and  was 
known  as   "  The  Joseph  Hume   of  Dorset- 
shire "  ?  J.   M.   BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square. 

MARY  RUSSELL  MITFORD'S  LOTTERY 
PRIZE  :  1799. — All  the  authorities  who  refer 
to  MissMitford's  literary  career,  the  '  D.N.B.,' 
'  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  '  Chambers' s 
Encyclopaedia,'  '  Chambers' s  Biographical 
Dictionary,'  1897,.  the  'Century  Cyclopaedia 
of  Names,'  etc..  all  state  that  the  amount  of 
the  successful  lottery  prize  received  by  this 
girl  of  ten  years  of  age  was  £20,000.  James 
Payn,  the  voluminous  novelist,  however,  who 
was  a  close  personal  friend  of  Miss  Mitford 
towards  the  ejpid  of  the  lady's  life,  asserts 
in  his  '  Some  Literary  Recollections,' 
1884,  that  the  value  of  the  prize  received 
was  £10,000.  Can  any  reader  supply  proof 
of  the  right  amount  ? 

FREDERICK  C.  WTHITE. 

14,   Esplanade,  Lowestoft. 

"  GEEN  "  WHISKY. — I  lately  saw  this 
curious  name  on  a  bottle  label.  I  find  geen 
to  be  a  variant  of  a  dialectal  name  for  the 
wild  cherry.  One  can  surmise  what  this 
liquor  might  be,  but  if  any  reader  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  has  exact  information  it.  would 
be  as  well  to  have  it  on  record.  J.  C. 


SIR  ROGER  DE  COVERLEY  DANCE. — -With 
many  others  I  am  puzzled  and  wish  to 
know  whether  this  famous  and  popular 
dance  was  known  before  Addison's  time 
as  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley,  and  his  delightful 
hero  named  after  it,  or  whether  the  dance 
was  subsequently  invented  and  Sir  Roger's 
name  bestowed  upon  it  by  the  admirers 
of  its  happy  inventor.  Did  Addison's 
Sir  Roger  precede  the  dance,  or  was  the 
dance  in  existence  before  Sir  Roger's  ap- 
pearance in  The  Spectator,  and  named  after 
a  real  or  fictitious  person  ?  SURREY. 


BOOK  BORROWERS. 

(12  S.  viii.  208,  253,  278,  296,  314,  334.) 

IN  the  Castle  Howard  MS.  of  the  Metrical 
Life  of  St.  Cuthbert,  c.  1450,  edited 
for  the  Surtees  Society  and  published 
in  1891  as  their  vol.  Ixxxvii.  (where 
see  pp.  245,  246)'  are  some  scribbled 
verses  more  or  less  warning  borrowers. 
The  original  MS.  is  described  in  the  list 
of  the  MSS.  of  Lord  William  Howard, 
Scott's  "  Belted  Will,"  the  "  Bauld  Willie  " 
of  his  contemporaries.  He  restored  Naworth 
Castle,  where  he  formed  a  large  library  ; 
he  edited  '  Florence  of  Worcester  '  in  1592, 
helped  Camden  in  '  Britannia,'  and  was 
intimate  with  Cotton  and  other  antiquaries. 
He  died  in  1640,  having  probably  acquired 
the  MS.  long  before.  The  scribblings  have 
been  made  by  earlier  owners.  The  fol- 
lowing relate  to  ownership  : — • 

John  Richardson  is  my  name, 

And  with  my  hand  I  wrote  the  same.     Amen. 

The  owner  of  this  booke, 
John  Richardson  by  name, 
Doth  pray  the  reader  for  to  looke, 
Thes  wordes  be  set  in  frame. 

Good  reader,  who  thou  art, 

I  speak  to  the  vnknowen, 
Think  euer  in  thy  hart, 

That  ech  man  haue  his  owne. 
Then  canst  thou  not  but  gyue 

This  booke  to  me  agayne, 
And  if  God  gyue  me  space  to  liue 

I  shall  requite  thy  payne. 

John   Richardson. 

Martyn  Denham  is  my  name, 
And  with  my  hande  I  wrote  the  same. 
I,  John  Denham,  owe  (owns)  this  book  God 
giue  hime  grace. 

John  Denhame  is  my  nam  and  with  my  hand 
I  wrote  this  same.     Finis,  Finis,  per  me  John. 

J.  T.  F. 
Winter-ton,  Lines. 


us.  vin.  APiutao,  1621.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


The  following  lines  from  the  old  French 
poet,  Eustache  Deschamps,  a  contemporary 
of  Chaucer,  may  be  of  interest  in  this  con- 
nexion : — 

J'ay  mes  livres  en  tant  de  lieux  prestez, . 
Et  a  pluseurs  qui  les  devoient  rendre, 
Dont  li  termes  est  failliz  et  passez, 

Qu'a  faire  prest  ne  doy  james  entendre. 
*  *  *  *  * 

Que  desormais  nulz  requerir  n'empraigne  ; 
Plus  ne  prestray  livre  quoy  qui  aviengne. 

I  have  seen  them  used  as  a  motto  on  a 
bookplate.  CINQVOYS. 

One  scarcely  expects  to  find  a  book- 
borrowing  verse  in  a  parish  register.  Yet 
seeing  what  quaint  and  unexpected  remarks 
are  recorded,  here  and  there,  among  the 
prosaic  entries  of  life  and  death,  perhaps 
it  is  not  so  very  out-of-the-way.  The 
following  occurs,  under  date  1623,  in  the 
Church  Registers  of  Sowe,  Warwickshire, 
(which  commence  in  1538)  : — 
Who  lets  this  booke  be  lost, 

Or  doth  embeasell  yt, 
God's  curse  will,  to  his  cost, 
Give  him  plagues  in  hell  fytt. 

It  is  observed  the  writer  assumed  the 
offender  would  certainly  be  a  male,  and  not 
a  female,  though  it  was  Bishop  Warburton's 
female  cook  who,  a  century  or  so  later, 
played  havoc  with  the  greatest  treasures 
in  his  library.  W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

Two  Gloucestershire  examples  in  my 
collection  may  be  of  interest : — 

1.  Mrs.    Mary  Anne  Schimmelpenninck, 
author  of  miscellaneous  works,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Galton,  married  Lambert  Schimmel- 
penninck  of   Bristol,    1806.     They   used    a 
w'  combined "      bookplate,     or       label,      as 
follows  : — 

L.  and  M.  A.  Schimmelpenninck, 

Bristol. 

"  The  wicked  borroweth,  and  payeth  not  again." 
Psalm  xxxvi.   21.     (Printed  in  error  for  xxxvii.) 

After  the  husband's  death  the  widow- 
used  her  own  label  : — 

Mary   Anne    Schimmelpenninck, 

Harley  Place,    Clifton, 

with    the    same    quotation,    but    a    correct 
reference. 

2.  The     heraldic    bookplate     of   Charles 
Joseph   Harford,   F.A.S.,   had  beneath  the 
shield  the  simple  but  graceful  reminder  : — 

"  When  a  Book  is  lent  it  should  be  read  imme- 
diately and  returned." 

JOHN  E.  PRITCHARD. 
Clifton. 


Over  fifty  years  ago  the  version  of  the 
schoolboy   rhyme,  quoted  by  MR.  CLARKE, 
ran  as  follows,  at  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight  : — 
Steal  not  this  book  for  fear  of  shame, 
For  here  you  see  the  owner's  name  ; 
But  if  you  do,  the  Lord  will  say, 
"  Where  is  that  book  you  stole  away  ?  " 
And  if  you  say,  "  I  cannot  tell," 
The  Lord  will  say,  "  Go  down  to  hell." 

This  was  considered  the  correct  version, 
but  when  the  recital  or  writing  of  these  lines 
was  likely  to  come  under  the  notice  of  our 
elders,  who  regarded  the  reference  to  "  hell  " 
as  improper,  then,  in  deference  to  what  we 
I  regarded  as  their  undue  susceptibility,  and 
I  to  avoid  being  reproved  for  using  bad  lan- 
guage, we  often  adopted  the  last  two  lines 
of  MR.  GIDEON'S  version. 

We  also  sometimes  wrote  in  our  school 
books : — 

John  Brown  [or  whatever  the  name  was]  is 

my  name, 

England  is  my  nation, 
Newport  is  my  dwelling-place, 
And  Christ  is  my  Salvation. 

WM.  SELF  WEEKS. 
Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

I  have  not  seen  either  of  the  following 
in  your  columns  under  the  above  title  : — 

1.  Steal  not  this  book  for  fear  of  shame, 
For  in  it  is  written  the  owner's  name, 
And  when  you  die  the  Lord  will  say, 

"  Where  is  that  book  you  stole  away  ?  " 
And  if  you  say,  "  I  do  not  know," 
The  Lord  will  say,  "  Go  down  below." 

2.  Steal  not  this  book,  my  honest  friend  ! 
Or  elso  the  gallows  will  be  your  end. 

Both  were   and  (maybe)  are  in  common 

use   in   Ireland.     The  country   of  origin  of 

!  the   first   might  perhaps  be  ^deduced   from 

I  the  use  of  "  and  "   in  the  third  line.     <7/., 

"  And  we  far  away  on  the  billow." 

L.A.VV. 

The  lines  "  If  thou  art  borrowed  by  a 
friend,"  &c.,  are  given  in  full  in  the  first 
volume  of  his  '  Lectures  to  My  Students,' 
by  the  late  C.  H.  Spurgeon,  who  refers 
to  the  common  practice  of  book-owners 
inserting  these  lines  in  their  books,  adding 
that  many  people  who  have  proved  them- 
selves good  book-keepers  have  also  proved 
themselves  to  be  bad  accountants. 

DUDLEY    WRIGHT. 

Beaumont  Buildings,  Oxford. 

In    vol.  i.    of  The  Antiquary,   Jan. -June, 
1880,  are  several  articles  containing  informa- 
tion on  this  subject  as  dealt  with  in  ex-libris. 
W.  BRADBROOKE. 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     iua.vm.Ana.ao.mi. 


THE  DEATH  OF  WILLIAM  RUFUS  (12  S. 
viii.  308). — The  Anglo-Saxon  v  Chronicler,  a 
contemporary,  gives  the  following  brief 
account : — 

On  the  morning  after  Lammas  Day  (August 
1st,  1100),  King  William  was  shot  with  an  arrow 
in  hunting,  by  one  of  his  men,  and  afterwards 
brought  to  Winchester,  and  buried  in  the 
bishopric.  .  .  .  On  the  Thursday  he  was 
slain,  and  on  the  morning  after  buried. 

This  is  much  enlarged  by  Orderic  Vitalis, 
William  of  Malmesbury,  Matthew  of  West- 
minster, and  others.  It  is  stated  that  the 
Royal  party  went  into  the  forest  to  shoot. 
The  King  and  Sir  William  Tyrrel  kept  to- 
gether during  the  day.  While  resting,  a 
harb  cams  bounding  by,  at  which  the  King 
drew  an  arrow  without  effect.  The  hart 
paused  and  looked  round  startled :  and 
William,  who  had  no  second  arrow,  called 
aloud  to  his  companion,  "  Shoot,  shoot, 
in  the  devil's  name."  Tyrrel  drew  his 
bow ;  and  the  arrow,  glancing  against  a 
tree  (or  "  against  the  beast's  grizzly  back," 
according  to  Orderic),  pierced  the  King's 
left  breast  and  entered  the  heart. 

But  there  are  no  authentic  records  extant 
to  show  how  the  King  met  his  death.  Sir 
Walter  Tyrrel  himself  asserted  on  oath, 
bafore  the  Abbot  of  St.  Denys,  many  years 
aftsr,  when  he  had  nothing  to  hope  or  to 
fear  in  relation  to  the  matter,  that  he  never 
saw  the  King  on  the  day  of  his  death,  nor 
entered  the  part  of  the  forest  in  which 
he  fell.  JAMES  SETON-ANDEBSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Eoad,  Hove,  Sussex. 

Extracts  from  original  authorities  take 
some  spaca.  Reference  should  be  made 
to  Appendix,  Note  U,  vol.  v.,  of  Freeman's 
'  Norman  Conquest,'  and  to  Appendix, 
Note  SS,  vol.  ii.,  of  '  Reign  of  William  Rufus  ' 
by  the  same  author.  Both  these  works 
are  usually  available  in  a  good  public 
library.  The  death  of  William  Rufus  is 
discussed  and  extracts  given  from  con- 
temporary and  other  authorities. 

F.  M.  M. 

Wise,  in  his  '  History  of  the  New  Forest ' 
(1883),  quotes  original  authorities  in  his 
footnotes  on  pp.  93,  94,  95,  96,  viz.,  the  two 
chroniclers  William  of  Malmesbury  and 
Vitalis.  Wise  states,  p.  94,  that  William 
of  Malmesbury  says  nothing  about  the 
tree  from  which  nearly  all  modern  historians 
represent  the  arrow  as  glancing.  Vitalis 
(' Historia  Eccl.,'  pars,  iii.,  lib.  x.,  cap.  xii., 
inMigns,  '  Patrologiae  Cursus,'  torn,  clxxxviii., 
p.  751)  expressly  states  that  it  rebounded 


from  the  back  of  a  beast  of  chase  (/era), 
apparently,  by  the  mention  of  bristles, 
a  wild  boar.  Matthew  Paris  (ed.  Wats., 
torn,  i.,  p.  54)  first  mentions  the  tree,  but 
his  narrative  is  doubtful.  Wise  also  states 
that  neither  William  of  Malmesbury  nor 
Vitalis,  who  go  into  details,  mentions  the 
spot  where  the  King  was  killed. 

F.    CBOOKS. 

See  text  and  note  in  Earle  and  Plum- 
msr's  '  Two  Saxon  Chronicles  Parallel,' 
Oxford,  1892-9  :  vol.  i.,  p.  235,  Anna!  1100, 
for  death  of  the  King ;  and  vol.  ii.,  pp. 
286-7,  for  note  on  the  text  and  mention  of 
other  authorities  and  versions  of  the  event. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Appendix  U  of  E.  A.  Freeman's  '  History 
of  the  Norman  Conquest,'  vol.  v.,  might  be 
helpful  to  MB.  O.  G.  S.  CBAWFOBD,  as 
mention  is  made  of  the  earliest  chroniclers 
of  the  circumstances  of  the  Red  King's  death. 
These  were  Henry  of  Huntingdon,  Florence, 
William  of  Malmesbury  and  Orderic,  but 
Mr.  Freeman  refers  to  many  other  recorders 
of  the  event  and  his  note  strikes  me  as 
being  very  valuable.  Remembering  his 
horror  of  field  sports  one  need  not  be 
surprised,  as  I  was,  to  read  in  the  text  (p.  147) 
that  Rufus  died 

in  that  spot  which  his  father's  cruelty  had 
made  a  wilderness,  glutting  his  own  cruelty  to 
the  last  moment  of  his  life  by  the  savage  sports 
which  seek  for  pleasure  in  the  infliction  of  wanton 
suffering. 

I  should  think  the  local  tradition  of  the 
New  Forest  must  be  highly  respectable. 
It  does  not  seem  likely  that  fresh  evidence 
will  be  obtained.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

CHEBBY  OBCHABDS  OF  KENT  (12  S.  viii. 
211,  275).  — The  following  list  of  varieties  of 
Kentish  cherries  may  prove  of  interest  :  — 

White  Varieties.  —  Adams  Crown,  Governor 
Woods,  Elton  Hearts,  Frogmores,  Ambers, 
Bigarreaux,  Napoleons  and  Florence  Hearts. 

Black  Varieties.  —  Bowmans  May,  Early 
Rivers,  Victoria  Blacks,  Maydukes,  Waterloo 
Blacks,  Circassians  and  Turks. 

A  very  common  small  cherry  called  Brandy 
Blacks  might  also  be  included. 

I  have  given  them  in  order  of  their  ap- 
pearance under  each  heading. 

It  is  possible  some  readers  may  be  cog- 
nizant of  other  kinds,  but  those  I  have 
enumerated  are  the  chief  commercial  kinds 
known  to  the  trade. 

REGINALD  JACOBS. 

1,  Heathercliff,  Grove  Road,  Bournemouth. 


i2S. vni. APKILSO,  1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


THE  HABEAS  CORPUS  ACT  (12  S.  viii. 
311). — The  following  is  from  '  A  Treatise  on 
the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  Act,'  by  W.  A. 
Church,  San  Francisco,  p.  22  : — 

The  familiar  story  of  Rome's  being  saved  by 
the  cackling  of  geese  seems  to  have  a  parallel  in 
the  manner  in  which  this  Act  is  related  to  have 
been  passed.  Burnet  is  reported  to  have  said 
that  the  Act  was  passed  by  an  odd  artifice  in  the 
House  of  Lords  ;  and  in  these  words  he  tells  the 
substance  of  the  story  : — "  Lord  Grey  and  Lord 
Norris  were  named  to  be  the  tellers.  Lord  Norris, 
being  a  man  subject  to  vapours,  was  not  at  all 
attentive  to  what  he  was  doing  ;  so  a  very  fat 
lord  coming  in,  Lord  Grey  counted  him  for  ten, 
as  a  jest  at  first ;  but  seeing  Lord  Norris  had  not 
observed  it,  he  went  on  with  the  misreckoning 
of  ten.  So  it  was  reported  to  the  House,  and 
declared  that  they  who  were  for  the  Bill  were  the 
majority,  though  it  indeed  went  on  the  other 
side  ;  and  by  this  means  the  Bill  was  passed." 
This  almost  incredible  story,  however,  seems  to 
be  borne  put  by  the  minute-book  of  the  Lords, 
which,  it  is  said,  shows  that  there  were  only  one  j 
hundred  and  seven  peers  in  the  House,  while 
Lord  Campbell  is  credited  with  mentioning  that 
the  numbers  declared  were  fifty-seven  and  fifty- 
five. 

The  references  given  in  support  of  this 
statement  are  '  Bacon's  Abridgment  '  (1832), 
vol.  iv.,  p.  147,  and  '  The  English  Constitu- 
tion '  (1857),  by  Amos,  p.  190.  Burnet  seems 
to  have  been  the  first  person  to  men- 
tion that  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  was  carried 
in  the  House  of  Lords  in  this  singular  way. 

This  information  was  given  to  me  in  this 
excellent  library.  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple  Library. 


I  take  the  following  from  W.  D.  Christie's 
'  Life  of  the  First  Earl  of  Shaftesbury ' 
(1871),  ii.,  pp.  335-6:— 

There  appears  to  be  good  reason  to  believe 
that  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  was  passed  on  the 
last  day  of  the  Session  (May  26,  1679)  by  a 
mistake  and  a  trick.  There  had  been,  at  the 
last,  differences  between  the  Lords  and  the 
Commons  as  to  amendments  introduced  into 
the  Bill  of  the  Lords,  on  the  day  of  the  proro- 
gation, on  the  question  whether  the  Lords 
should  then  immediately  agree  to  a  proposal 
of  the  Commons  for  a  free  conference.  The 
question  was  carried  in  the  affirmative.  Had  it 
not  been  so  carried,  the  Bill  would  have  been 
lost.  Bishop  Burnet  ('  Own  Time,'  ii.  250) 
relates  this  story  : — "  Lord  Grey  and  Lord  Norris 
(Norreys)  were  named  to  be  the  tellers  ;  Lord  , 
Norris,  being  a  man  subject  to  vapours,  was  not 
at  all  times  attentive  to  what  he  was  doing ; 
so  a  very  fat  Lord  coming  in,  Lord  Grey  counted 
him  for  ten  as  a  jest  at  first ;  but  seeing  Lord 
Norris  had  not  observed  it,  he  went  on  with 
this  misreckoning  of  ten  ;  so  it  was  reported 
to  the  House  and  declared  that  they  who  were 
for  the  Bill  were  the  majority."  Incredible  as 
this  story  would  at  first  sight  seem,  it  derives 


support  from  an  entry  in  a  MS.  journal  of  the 
Lords  that  the  numbers  in  the  division  were 
57  and  55,  making  hi  all  112,  while  the  journals 
record  the  presence  of  only  107  members  that 
day.  Five  more,  therefore,  were  made  to  vote 
than  the  total  number  of  Peers  in  the  House 
at  any  time  of  that  day.  Mr.  Martyn  improves 
the  story  by  telling  that,  when  the  numbers 
were  reported,  the  opponents  of  the  Bill  showed 
surprise,  and  that  Shaftesbury,  seeing  that 
there  was  a  mistake,  immediately  rose,  and 
made  a  long  speech  on  some  other  subject,  and 
several  Peers  having  gone  hi  and  come  out 
while  he  was  speaking,  it  was  impossible  to  re-tell 
the  House  when  he  sat  down. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Prof.  Richard  Lodge,  in  a  note  to  p.  164 
of  'The  Political  History  of  England, 
1660-1702,'  writes  :- 

Burnet  (ii.  263)  is  responsible  for  the  story 
that  the  Bill  would  have  been  rejected  if  a  jocose 
teller  had  not  counted  an  obese  peer  as  ten  men, 
and  if  the  teller  against  the  Bill,  being  "  subject 
to  vapours,"  had  not  accepted  the  figures.  The 
story  is  supported  by  the  fact  that  the  numbers 
recorded  in  the  division  exceeded  the  total  number 
of  peers  who  were  present.  See  *  MSS.  of  House 
of  Lords,  1678-88,'  p.  136. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  ROMAN  NUMERICAL  ALPHABET 
(12  S.  viii.  250,  317).  — Can  either  of  your  cor- 
respondents explain  the  method  by  which  the 
Romans  performed  the  operations  of  multi- 
plication when  the  figures  were  too  complex 
or  too  numerous  to  admit  of  mental  calcula- 
tion. It  was  said  that  Lord  Kelvin  could 
suggest  no  solution,  but  perhaps  it  has  been 
since  explained.  J.  P.  DE  C. 

OLD  LONDON:  THE  CLOTH  FAIR  (12  S. 
viii.  310).  — The  Prior  of  St.  Bartholomew, 
being  perfectly  aware  that  the  greater  the 
number  of  persons  he  could  get  to  visit 
the  monastery  on  St.  Bartholomew's  Day, 
the  more  would  his  shrine  be  loaded  by 
offerings,  hit  upon  the  expedient  of  asking 
from  the  King  the  permission  to  establish 
a  Fair  in  and  about  his  holy  dwelling. 
The  grant  was  obtained  from  Henry  II., 
and  thus  was  established  the  well-known 
Bartholomew,  or,  as  it  was  vulgarly  called, 
Bartlemy,  Fair,  and  later  the  Cloth  Fair. 

A  full  account  of  the  Fair — its  origin, 
and  some  of  its  peculiarities  under  date 
1539— will  be  found  in  '  Old  London 
Bridge,'  by  G.  Herbert  Rodwell,  published  by 
Willoughby  and  Co.,  22,  Warwick  Lane, 
and  26,  Smithfield. 

I  possess  an  unbound  copy  of  the  book. 
JAMES    SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.viii.APRn,3<uo2i. 


BANQUO  (12  S.  viii.  308). — The  name 
Banquo  seeing  to  be  of  genuine  Keltic  origin. 
The  word  Cu  =  "dog,"  but- is  also  used  to 
designate  a  warrior. 

As  to  the  initial  syllable,  its  meaning 
may  be  either  "  female,"  in  which  case  it 
is  properly  spelt  bean  ;  or  "  white,"  "  pale," 
in  which  case  it  is  spelt  ban.  The  latter 
seems  preferable,  but  the  word  bean-cii  = 
"  bitch  "  is  commonly  used  in  Gaelic. 
Legends  and  poems  in  that  language, 
derived  from  ancient  times,  contain  many 
namss  of  which  Cri  forms  a  part,  either  as 
prefix  or  affix.  The  "  qu "  in  Banquo  is 
due  to  the  aspiration  of  the  second  part,  in 
a  name  compounded  of  two  words,  accord- 
ing to  a  common  rule  of  Gaelic  grammar. 
N.  POWLETT,  Colonel. 

Malone  says  : — 

Fleance,  after  the  assassination  of  his  father, 
fled  into  Wales,  where,  by  the  daughter  of  the 
Prince  of  that  country,  he  had  a  son  named  Walter 
who  afterwards  became  Lord  High  Steward  of 
Scotland,  and  from  thence  assumed  the  name  of 
Walter  Steward.  From  him,  in  a  direct  line,  King 
James  I.  was  descended  ;  in  compliment  to  whom 
our  author  has  chosen  to  describe  Banquo,  who 
was  equally  concerned  with  Macbeth  in  the 
murder  of  Duncan,  as  innocent  of  the  crime. 

But  Duncan  I.  was  slain  in  1040,  Macbeth 
was  slain  in  1057,  and  Walter  Stewart,  Who 
was  steward  of  Malcolm  IV.  of  Scotland,  and 
from  whom  Robert  II.,  the  first  Stewart 
King,  was  sixth  in  descent,  died  in  1177: 
so  that  he  cannot  have  been  son  of  Fleance. 
As  a  matter  of  fact  Walter  Stewart  and  his 
elder  brother  William  Fitzalan,  who  died 
in  1160,  were  descended  from  a  Norman 
baron  named  Alan,  and  their  original  home 
Was  either  Clun  or  Oswestry.  William 
Fitzalan  was  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of  Arundel. 
Lewis's  '  Topographical  Dictionary  of 
England  '  says  : — • 

Oswestry  is  not  mentioned  in  the  Norman 
Survey :  according  to  Dugdale,  it  was  given 
by  the  conqueror  to  Alan,  ancestor  of  the  Fitz- 
Alans,  Earls  of  Arundel,  in  which  noble  family 
the  barony  continued  upwards  of  500  years  ; 
but  another  authority  states  that  the  Fitz-Alans 
became  lords  of  it  by  marriage  of  one  of  the 
lords  of  Clun  with  Maud,  widow  of  Madog  ab 
Meredydd,  who  on  partition  of  Powysland  by 
his  father,  succeeded  to  the  division  termed 
Powys  Vadog,  of  which  Oswestry  formed  part. 

This  Madog  died  in  1160.  Unless  Fleance 
was  an  ancestor  of  Alan,  it  is  difficult  to 
see  how  Banquo  comes  into  the  Stewart 
pedigree.  If  he  had  any  historical  existence 
at  all  it  may  be  conjected  that  he  was  of 
Norwegian  or  Danish  extraction. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 


SHERINGTON  :  OLD  CHURCH  REGISTERS 
(12  S.  viii.  249).— If  A.  C.  C.  consults  Burke's 
'  Key  to  the  Ancient  Parish  Registers,'  he 
will  find  that  the  registers  commence  in 
1698,  and  that  the  marriages  from  1688- 
1812  have  been  printed.  The  book  or  books 
were  therefore  returned. 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 

HUNGER  STRIKE  IN  THE  FOURTEENTH 
CENTURY  (12  S.  viii.  293).— In  Mark's 
'  Tyburn  Tree,  its  History  and  Annals  ' 
(published,  I  believe,  about  1910),  in  the 
chapter  on  '  Torture  et  Peine  Forte  et 
Dure,'  p.  38,  is  to  be  found  this  paragraph : — 

In  1357  Cecilia,  wife  of  John  de  Rygeway, 
indicted  for  the  murder  of  her  husband,  stood 
mute,  and  was  sentenced  to  imprisonment  ac- 
cordingly. In  this  case  it  was  reported  to  the 
King  "  on  trustworthy  testimony  "  that  Cecilia 
had  lived  without  food  or  drink  for  forty  days. 
This  was  regarded  as  miraculous  and  Cecilia  was 
in  consequence  pardoned.  Here,  in  intention  at 
least,  the  punishment  went  to  the  length  of 
depriving  of  all  food. 

Rymer,    '  Fcedera,'    vi.   13,  is  the  authority 
cited,  which,  however,  I  have  not  looked  up. 

J.  M.  O. 

TAVERN  SIGNS:  "FLYING  SCUD"  (12  S. 
viii.  170,  236,  276,  313,  335).—'  The  Flying 
Scud  ;  or,  A  Four-Legged  Fortune,'  a  four-act 
drama  by  Dion  Boucicault,  was  produced 
at  the  long-defunct  Holborn  Theatre,  on 
Oct.  6,  1866,  and  was  revived  attheAdelphi 
in  Aug.,  1868.  Its  success  in  a  period  of 
unusually  heavy  betting  was  very  marked  ; 
and  similar  success  attended  another  of 
Boucicault's  plays  aimed  at  "  aristocratic 
vice,"  '  Formosa ;  or,  The  Railroad  to 
Ruin,'  first  given  at  Drury  Lane  on  Aug.  5, 
1869.  ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

GIUSEPPE  PARINI  (12  S.  viii.  191). — With 
regard  to  bibliographical  details  the  fol- 
|  lowing  are  the  most  modern  and  most  com- 
I  plete  works  : — 

A.  Ottolini  :  Bibliografia  foscoliana.  (Firenze, 
i  Battistelli,  1920,  pp.  400.  Lire  20.) 

G.  Bellorini :  La  Vita  e  le  Opere  di  G.  Parini. 
(Livorno,  Giusti,  1918.) 

The  latter  is  the  most  satisfactory  work 
on  Parini  and  supersedes  the  essays  not  only 
of  De  Sanctis,  but  also  of  Carducci  and  M. 
Scherillo.  It  contains  a  very  full  biblio- 
graphy. 

Needless  to  state,  no  English  authority 
can  be  quoted,  since  Italian  literature  stij] 
remains  terra  incognita  in  this  country. 

HUGH  QUIGLEY. 


i2s.  viii.  AIIULSO,  1921.]"    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  FREDERICK  LOCKER- 
LAMPSON  (12  S.  viii.  307). — -In  'Frederick 
Locker-Lampson,  A  Character  Sketch,'  Mr. 
Birrell  says  : — •"  Mr.  Locker  .  .  .  died  at 
Rowfant  in  Sussex  in  May,  1895,  and  left 
behind  him  five  books.  .  .  ."  He,  too,  enu- 
merates  them,  and  not  in  the  order  of 
publication.  The  point,  however,  I  desire 
to  refer  to  is  the  number  of  the  books,  as  j 
this  is  a  little  puzzling. 

I  take  down  from  a  shelf  behind  a  glass 
door  (Andrew  Lang,  who  writes  the  first  | 
poem  in  the  Rowfant  Catalogue—'  Bour- 1 
hope's  guid  eneuch  for  me  !  " — has  a  good  j 
word  for  glass  doors)  three  "bi  the  books,  I 
namely  : — 

1.  '  London    Lyrics  ' — not     the     original  I 
edition    of     1857,    but    the    one    privately ! 
printed  (with    the    violet    or    lilac    coloured 
preface-verse    by    "  A.    D.,"    dated  Oct.   1, 
1881). 

2.  '  London   Rhymes,'  privately   printed, 
1882    (in    the    Notes     of    which    'London! 
Lyrics  '  is  referred  to  as  a  separate  book). 

3.  *  The   Rowfant   Library.    A  Catalogue , 
of^the   Printed  Books,   Manuscripts,   Auto-  j 
graph  Letters,  Drawings  and  Pictures  col- ! 
lected  by  Frederick  Locker-Lampson,'  1886.  \ 

Adding  the  other  three  books  mentioned  • 
by  Mr.  Birrell  as  part  of  the  five  :  — 

4.  '  My  Confidences,' 

5.  '  Patchwork,'  and 

6.  '  Lyra  Elegantiarum,' 

I  arrive  at  a  total  of  six  books. 

R.  Y.  PICKERING. 
<  'onheath,  Dumfriesshire. 

REGATTAS  (12  S.  viii.  310).— The  etymo- 
logy of  the  Italian  word  regata  is  a  puzzle,  j 
In  the  original  edition  (Paderborn,  1891)  of 
Gustav  Korting' s  '  Lateinisch-romanisches 
Worterbuch,'  reference  is  made  to  the 
theory  of  Caix,  '  Studj  di  etimologia  italiana  j 
e  romanza  '  (Florence,  1878),  according  to 
which  regata  is  ultimately  derived  from  the 
Latin  adverb  ergo ;  compare  the  French 
ergoter,  to  cavil,  quibble.  In  the  third, 
1907,  edition  of  his  dictionary  Korting  sug- 
gests as  the  source  the  Old  High  German 
riga,  circumference,  Italian  riga,  line,  row, 
so  that  regata  would  originally  denote  the 
competing  gondolas  drawn  up  in  a  line. 
The  '  Novo  Dizionario  scolastico  della  Lingua 
Italiana  '  of  P.  Petrocchi,  after  noting  that 
the  etymology  of  regata  is  unknown,  sug- 
gests, with  a  query,  re-ex-captare  or  riga, 
the  latter  being  the  source  which  Korting 
regards  as  possible.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 


THE  YEAR'S  ROUND  OF  CHILDREN'S 
GAMES  (12  S.  viii.  309).  — In  the  town  of 
Marlborough,  Wilts,  children's  street-games 
are  gradually  disappearing.  The  two 
staunch  survivals  are  skipping  and  whip -top. 
In  the  former  some  girls  attain  great  dex- 
terity ;  in  the  latter  the  indomitable  perse- 
verance of  quite  small  performers  commands 
unstinted  admiration.  I  have  some  notes 
made  in  1893  and  1894  of  the  dates  of  the 
appearance  of  such  games,  but  much  de- 
pended on  the  weather. 

In  January  the  boys  played  an  evening 
game  imitative  of  prisoners'  base,  necessarily 
attempted  only  in  broad  spaces  and  subject- 
to  interruption  by  traffic. 

In  1894,  in  a  very  mild  season,  marbles 
appeared  as  early  as  January  27.  But 
the  art  was  already  decadent.  The  old  ring, 
from  which  the  expert  shot  at  the  spoil 
within,  was  not  attempted.  A  small  pit 
or  well  was  excavated  against  a  wall,  and 
at  this  marbles  were  bowled  from  a  pre- 
scribed distance.  Or  an  even  meaner  sport 
sufficed  :  that  of  placing  marbles  in  a  row 
and  casting  at  them  a  disc  of  tile  or  slate. 
February  was  the  season  for  marbles.  In- 
deed the  lengthening  days  and  milder 
weather  of  February  encouraged  some  such 
games  as  hopscotch  (now  wholly  neglected), 
hoops,  whip -top,  and  skipping.  In  March 
tipcat  and  battledore -and-shuttlecock  came 
in  ;  neither  now  in  vogue. 

Street  games  have  probably  suffered  from 
the  rival  attractions  of  the  cinema  and  the 
frequent  passage  of  motor  vehicles. 

R.  W.  MERRIMAN. 

"  THE  HAVEN  UNDER  THE  HILL  "  (12  S. 
viii.  228,  275,  314,  336).— The  claim  that  it 
was  Salcombe  which  suggested  '  Crossing  the 
Bar  '  is  definitely  disposed  of  by  the  present 
Lord  Tennyson,  who  writes  in  his  Memoir : — 
"  '  Crossing  the  Bar  '  was  written  in  my 
father's  eighty-first  year  on  a  day  in  October 
when  we  came  from  Aldworth  to 
Farringford."  The  whole  question  has  been 
ably  dealt  with  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Anderson  in 
the  '  Homeland  Handbook  to  Salcombe 
and  Kingsbridge,'  p.  58. 

PRESCOTT  Row. 

The  Old  House,  Waddon,  Surrey. 

TRIBAL  HIDAGES  (12  S.  viii.  309).— If  I 
remember  rightly  Mr.  H.  M.  Chadwick,  in 
his  '  Studies  on  Anglo-Saxon  Institutions  ' 
(1905),  discusses  the  subject. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   "  [i2s.vm.APRiL3o,i92i. 


RAINING  IN  THE  SUNSHINE  (12  S.  viii. 
307). — A  similar  saying  to  that  of  the 
Normans  but  in  a  highly"  particularized 
form  may  be  seen  in  Swift: — 

Colonel  Atwit. — It  rain'd,  and  the  Sun  shone 
at  the  same  time. 

Neverout. — -Why,   then   the   Devil   was   beating 
his   Wife  behind  the   Door,   with  a  Shoulder   of 
Mutton. — '  Polite   Conversation,'    Dialogue   I. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  French  fancy  was,  "  C'est  le  diable 
qui  bat  sa  femme  et  qui  marie  sa  fille,  quand 
il  pleut  et  fait  soleil  a  la  fois." 

ST.  SWTTHIN. 

PATRICIUS   WALKER  :     "  JUAN  DE  VEGA" 
(12  S.  viii.  308). — "Patricius  Walker"  was  j 
the  "  pen-name  "  of  Mr.  William  Allingham,  I 
the  delightful  poet,  the  accomplished  writer  [ 
and    magazine    editor,    and    the    friend    ofj 
Carlyle.     He  died  in  1889.     Mrs.  Allingham,  | 
the  well-known  and  admired  artist,  is  still  | 
alive.     There  is  a  capital  portrait  of  William  [ 
Allingham,   by  C.   F.   Murray,  in  the  Fitz- 
william  Museum,  Cambridge. 

G.  BUCKSTON  BROWNE. 

80,  Wimpole  Street,  W.I. 

Patricius  Walker  was  William  Allingham 
(1824  -  89)  the  well  -  known  poet.  The 
'  Rambles '  were  reprinted  from  Fraser's 
Magazine,  to  which  he  was  a  contributor 
and  sub -editor. 

Juan  de  Vega  was  Charles  Cochrane  (the  ! 
natural  son  of  the  Hon.  Basil  Cochrane,  Lieut.-  i 
Colonel  36th  Foot).     He  traversed  the  United  j 
Kingdom  dressed  in  Hungarian  costume  and  j 
sang  songs  while  playing  the  guitar,  1825-6.  ; 
The  farce  of  '  The  Wandering  Minstrel,'  by 
Henry   Mayhew,    produced    at    the  Fitzroy  j 
Theatre,  London,  Jan.  16,  1834,  was  founded  | 
on  his  eccentricities.     He  died,  aged  48,  on 
June  13,  1855.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

"SOURCE  OF  LINES  WANTED"  (12  S. 
viii.  310). — The  lines  asked  about  are  of 
course  a  version  of  those  sung  universally 
on  the  5th  of  November,  when  around 
the  bonfires  in  commemoration  of  "  Guy 
Faux  Day "  ;  but  the  version  we  sang  as 
boys  sixty  odd  years  ago  was  : — 
A  rope,  a  rope  to  hang  the  Pope, 

A  penn'orth  of  cheese  to  choke  him, 
A  pint  of  beer  to  wash  it  down. 

And  a  bundle  of  faggots  to  burn  him. 

D.  K.  T. 

The  doggerel  verse  about  which  MR. 
THURSTAN  MATTHEWS  inquires  was  formerly 


chanted  by  boys  on  November  5,  when 
begging  for  coppers  to  purchase  fireworks, 
with  which  they  celebrated  the  burning 
of  the  effigy  of  Guy  Fawkes  after  they  had 
carried  it  through  the  streets  in  the  earlier 
part  of  that  day.  As  a  boy,  living  in  the 
south  of  London,  the  words  were  very 
familiar  to  me  at  that  season,  but  I  can 
vouch  for  it  that  the  use  of  them  was  not 
confined  to  any  one  district.  The  "  No 
Popery "  cry  is  not  nearly  so  popular  as 
it  was  thirty  or  forty  years  ago,  and  Guy 
Fawkes'  Day  is  not  anything  like  the  festi- 
val it  used  to  be  with  the  London  gamin. 
Last  Noverrfber,  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Buckingham  Palace  Road,  I  noticed  some 
boys  were  carrying  a  "  Guy "  and  were 
repeating  some  verses  which  seemed  to  be 
the  old  familiar  ones,  though  I  did  not  stay 
to  identify  them. 

I  may  add  that,  while  I  agree  with  our 
editor  that  "  A  jolly  good  fire  to  smoke  him  " 
would  make  a  better  rhyme,  I  feel  almost 
certain  that  "  roast  him  "  were  the  words 
that  I  used  to  hear.  F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

116,  Arran  Road,  S.E.6. 

Readers  of  '  Father  and  Son '  will  re- 
member that  in  1857,  or  thereabouts, 
a  tall  and  bony  Jersey  Protestant  with  a 
raucous  voice  used  to  perambulate  the  streets 
of  Islington  carrying  a  yoke  across  his  shoulders, 
from  the  ends  of  which  hung  ropes  of  onions. 
He  used  to  shout  at  abrupt  intervals,  in  a  tone 
which  might  wake  the  dead  : — 

Here's  your  rope  .     .     . 
To  hang  the  Pope  .     .     . 
And  a  penn'orth  of  cheese  to  choke  him. 

"  My  Father,"  adds  Mr.  Gosse,  "  did  not  eat 
onions,  but  he  encouraged  this  terrible  fellow, 
with  his  wild  eyes  and  long  strip  of  hair,  because 
of  his  '  godly  attitude  towards  the  Papacy,' 
and  I  used  to  watch  him  dart  out  of  the  front 
door,  present  his  penny,  and  retire,  graciously 
waving  back  the  proffered  onion." 

BENJAMIN  WALKER. 

Langstone,  Erdington. 

A  loaf  of  bread  to  feed  the  Pope. 

From  personal  knowledge,  for  I  joined 
in  the  fun  on  many  occasions,  the  lines 
almost  as  quoted  by  MR.  THURSTAN 
MATTHEWS,  but  commencing  "  A  ha'penny 
loaf,"  &c.,  were,  between  forty  and  fifty 
years  ago,  sung,  or  chanted,  or  shouted  by 
the  boys  of  St.  Peter's  School,  Upper  Ken- 
nington  Lane,  S.E.,  particularly  as  the 
5th  of  November  approached. 

DUDLEY    WRIGHT. 

Beaumont  Buildings,  Oxford. 


i2s.  viii.  APRILSO,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


"  FOUR-BOTTLE  MEN  "  (12  S.  viii.  310).— 
"  Two-bottle  men"  I  have  often  heard  of,  but  j 
"  four-bottle  men  "  is  rather  a  large  order, 
and  I  do  not  think  is  correct.  As  our  fore- 
fathers dined  at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
and  did  not  leave  the  table  until  9  o'clock  or 
so,  they  would  have  had  ample  opportunity 
to  put  comfortably  away  the  contents  of 
a  couple  of  present-day  port  wine  bottles, 
and  I  do  not  think  that  theirs  differed  in 
any  way  in  size.  D.  K.  T. 

CABEW  FAMILY  OF  BEDDINGTON,  SURREY, 
BART.  (12  S.  viii.  308.) — The  arms  inquired 
for  at  above  reference,  Quarterly,  sable  and 
argent,  are  those  of  the  family  of  Hoo. 
Papworth  states  that  Sir  Thomas  Hoo, 
created  Baron  Hoo  by  Edward  III.,  left  three 
co -heirs,  the  eldest  of  whom,  Aleanore, 
married  Sir  James  Carew  of  Bedington, 
Surrey,  Knt.,  and  thus  brought  the  arms  into 
that  family.  She  appears  to  be  called 
Margaret  in  some  of  the  Visitations. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

Killadoon,  Celbridge. 

ISAAC  WALTON  (12  S.  vii.  231,  253).— A 
further  search  in  the  Banbury  registers 
shows  that  the  Isaac  Walton  there  mentioned 
was  a  different  person  from  the  angler. 

The  following  entries  are  found  : — 

1633.  October.  Mary  Walton  daughter  of 
Isaac  Walton  bapt.  the  15  day. 

1635.  December.  Izaac  Walton  sonn  of  Izaac 
Walton  baptized  the  6  day. 

1639.  February.  Alyce  Walton  daughter  of 
Isack  Walton  baptised  the  10  day. 

1641.  John  sonne  to  Isaac  Walton  christened 
10th  of  March. 

1643.  February.      Richard    Walton  sonne  to 
Isack  Walton  baptysed  12th  day. 

1644.  February.     Ailce  Walton  wyffe  to  Izack 
Walton  buried  21st  day. 

A  list  follows  headed  "  Those  supposed,  to 
dye  of  the  plague  in  this  month  of  March," 
i.e.,  1644.  In  this  list  we  find 

Mary  the  wyff  and  Ailce  the  daughter  of 
Izack  Walton  buried. 

These  are  bracketed  with  eight  others 
and  there  is  added 

The  dayes  of  burial  uncertain. 

A.  D.  T. 

LILIAN  ADELAIDE  NEILSON  (12  S.  i.  329, 
370,  452). — Brompton  Cemetery.  Marble 
cross  with  inscription  : — 

In  loving  memory  of  |  Adelaide  Neils  on  1  Died 
August  15th,  1880  |  Gifted  and  beautiful  j 
Resting. 

J.  ARDAGH. 


M.  GORDON,  MINOR  POET  (10  S.  xi.  189  ; 
12  S.  viii.  313). — The  identification  of  M. 
Gordon,  author  of  'Minor  Poems'  (1836), 
with  Michael  Gordon  is  borne  out  in 
'  Crockford  '  (1876).  The  author  was  the 
Rev.  Michael  Gordon,  deacon  1842,  and 
priest  1845.  He  wTas  curate  at  Nunney, 
Frome,  1865-72,  and  at  Cradley,  Brierley 
Hill,  Staffs,  1872-74,  and  appears  in  '  Crock- 
ford  '  as  late  as  1880  at  least.  The  1876 
'  Crockford  '  states  that  he  re -issued  his 
Trinity  College  prize  poem  in  1862,  and 
contributed  eleven  sonnets  entitled  '  Nature 
Pictures  '  to  the  Dublin  University  Review 
(Dec.,  1859,  July,  1860,  and  Jan.,  1861). 
Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  can  say 
what  he  was  doing  between  1836  and  1865 
and  when  he  died.  E.  R. 

THE  GOLDEN  BALL  (12  S.  viii.  268,  317).— 
Is  it  not  possible  that  the  address  given 
at  p.  268  by  G.  B.  M.  as  "  Southampton 
Street,  St.  Giles,"  may  be  an  error  for 
"  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden  "  ?  There 
appears  to  have  been  a  house  at  the  latter 
address  of  that  name,  for  Mr.  Edward 
Waif  or  d,  in  '  Old  and  New  London,'  1876, 
vol.  v.,  p.  362,  says  of  the  engraver  of 
Hogarth's  portrait  of  Capt.  Coram,  that 
he  "  resided  at  the  Golden  Ball  in  Henrietta 
Street,  Covent  Garden."  M.  A.  ELLIS. 

5,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 

"  BRITISHER  "  v.  "  BRITON  "  (12  S. 
viii.  304).  —  Mr.  Bayley  quotes  R.  L. 
Stevenson,  among  other  writers,  as  using 
on  one  occasion  the  ugly  word  "  Britisher." 
Stevenson,  however,  did  not  share  the  usual 
Scotch  jealousy  of  the  use  of  the  words 
"  Englishman,"  "  English,"  "  England," 
when  referring  generally  to  the  British 
Isles  and  their  inhabitants.  In  '  Travels 
with  a  Donkey  in  the  Cevennes  '  he  uses 
the  word  "  Englishman  "  of  himself.  Talking 
of  beating  his  donkey  he  says  : — "  I  am 
worthy  of  the  name  of  an  Englishman, 
and  it  goes  against  my  conscience  to  lay 
my  hand  rudely  on  a  female."  And  in 
'  Virginibus  Pue risque  '  he  uses  "  English," 
"  England  "  in  preference  to  "  British," 
"  Britain "  when  speaking  of  the  English 
Admirals  of  the  past  and  their  achieve- 
ments. 

So  it  is  not  only  Englishmen  who  offend 
the  susceptibilities  of  the  Scotch  in  this 
way,  but  a  Scot  of  the  Scots.  After  all  it 
is  the  English  and  not  the  British  language 
that  the  people  of  the  northern  Kingdom 
talk.  PENRY  LEWIS. 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vin.ApRn.3o,io2i. 


'THE  GOLDEN  MANUAL,'  (12  S.  viii. 
331). — In  the  Bodleian  Library  there  is  a 
copy  of  '  The  Golden  Manual,  being  a  Guide 
to  Catholic  Devotion,  compiled  from  ap- 
proved sources.'  It  was  published  by 
Burns  and  Lambert,  Portman  Street  and 
Paternoster  Row,  1850.  It  consists  of  761 
pages,  in  addition  to  21  pages  of  Devotions 
to  the  Most  Holy  Sacrament  and  is,  therefore, 
one  of  the  largest  (if  not,  indeed,  the  largest) 
Catholic  prayer-books  published.  It  con- 
tains a  number  of  indulgenced  prayers 
literally  translated  from  the  *  Raccolta,' 
Bouvier's  '  Treatise  on  Indulgences,'  and 
the  '  Coeleste  Palmetum.'  The  name  of  the 
compiler,  however,  is  not  given. 

DUDLEY  WRIGHT. 

Beaumont  Buildings,  Oxford. 


fact  that  Gray  was  also  thinking  of  himself. 
The  word  "  Science  "  is  used  in  a  wide  and 
general  sense  of  knowledge  and  the  arts, 
not  in  its  modern  and  restricted  meaning  ; 
and  "  frown'd  not "  is  an  equivalent  of 
"  smiled  upon  "  or  "  favoured."  The  poet 
of  the  Epitaph  is  thus  described  as  a 
youth  unsuccessful  in  the  pursuit  of  Fortune 
or  Fame  ;  Knowledge,  however,  despite 
I  his  "  humble  birth,"  smiled  favourably  on 
his  aspirations  ;  and,  at  the  same  time, 
Melancholy  (according  to  Burton,  students 
are  "  more  subject  to  this  malady  than 
others  ")  afflicted  or  seized  upon  him. 

If  this  reading  be  accepted  the  "  and  " 
which  couples  "  Melancholy  mark'd  him 
for  her  own  "  to  the  preceding  line  seems 
to  fall  naturally  into  its  place. 

HAROLD  WILLIAMS. 


This  was  published  by  Burns  and  Oates  :  ' 
the  title  page  bears  no  date,  but  the  book 
has  the  imprimatur  of   Cardinal  Wiseman, 
dated    January    1,     1850.     It    is    described 
on  the  title  page  as  '  A  Guide  to  Catholic 
Devotion,    Public     and     Private,    compiled  | 
from   Catholic     sources,'    and  is  very  com- 
prehensive, containing  821  pages. 

JAMES   BRITTEN. 

41,  Boston  Boad,  Brentford. 

GRAY'S  'ELEGY'  (12  S.  viii.  319). — The 
very  smoothness  of  Gray's  lines  seduces 
the  ear  and  diverts  the  reader  from  an 
inquiry  into  the  meaning  of  a  poem  which 
is  by  no  means,  in  every  passage,  clear, 
simple,  or  direct.  C.  C.  B.  raises  the  ques- 
tion of  the  interpretation  of  the  first  stanza 
of  the  Epitaph.  Ingenious  explanations 
have,  at  different  times,  been  offered.  The 
more  recondite  suggestions  may  be  dismissed 
as  improbable.  It  is  unlikely  that 

Fair  Science  frown'd  not  on  his  humble  birth 
refers  to  the  casting  of  a  horoscope,  especi- 
ally as  the  young  poet  of  the  preceding 
stanzas  is  described  as  of  humble  and 
obscure  origin.  And  it  is  difficult  to  believe 
that  Gray's  personification  of  Melancholy 
involves  a  reference  back  to  Milton's  de- 
scription of  "  divinest  Melancholy  "  as 

O'erlaid  with  black,  staid  Wisdom's  hue, 
thus  giving  a  juxtaposition  and  contrast  of 
Science   (i.e.,   Knowledge   and  Wisdom). 

The  Epitaph  should  be  read  first  with 
the  memory  of  the  preceding  characteriza- 
tion of  the  "  drooping "  and  melancholy 
poet,  and,  secondly,  with  a  recollection  of  the 


CULBIN  SANDS  (12  S.  viii.  190,  235,  318). 
SAND  MOUNDS  AT  SOUTHPORT. — An  account 
of  the  origin  of  the  Lancashire  Sandhills 
will  be  found  in  '  The  Battle  of  Land  and 
Sea  '  by  William  Ashton. 

The  tradition  mentioned  by  your  last 
correspondent  probably  refers  to  Raven 
Meols,  the  district  between  Formby  and 
the  Alt  River,  which  was  overwhelmed 
by  sand  during  the  sixteenth  century. 
The  old  town  of  Formby  was  also  over- 
whelmed by  sand,  the  last  house  dis- 
appearing about  1739.  There  is  an  account 
of  this  in  the  above-mentioned  book,  of 
which  an  enlarged  edition  has  recently 
been  published.  F.  CROOKS. 

KATHARINE  TUDOR  OF  BERAIN  (12  S. 
viii.  311). — This  much-married  lady  was 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Tudor  ap  Robert 
Fychan  of  Berain,  Denbighshire.  It  seems 
unlikely  that  she  could  have  been  descended 
from  Henry  VII.,  although  she  may  have 
been  akin  to  the  Royal  House.  Henry  VII. 's 
grandfather,  Owen  Tudor  of  Anglesey,  who 
claimed  descent  from  Cadwaladr  and  who 
married  Henry  V.'s  widow,  Catherine  of 
France,  was  son  of  Meredith  ap  Tudor 
(Theodore)  by  Margaret,  daughter  of  David 
Vaughan,  and  grandson  of  Tudor  ap  Grono 
and  Margaret,  daughter  of  Thomas  ap 
Llywelyn  ap  Owen.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Mrs.  Thrale,  herself  a  descendant  of 
Katharine,  says  : — 

I  guess  not  why  this  man  was  a  Yorkist. 
The  other  party  was  natural  to  the  inhabitants 
of  North  Wales  where  the  proud  Duke  of  Somer- 
set had  married  a  daughter  of  his  to  the  son  of 


i2s. VIIL AFRILSO, i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


Owen  Tudor  by  the  Princess  Katharine  of  France  ; 
another  of  whose  sons,  Fychan  Tudor  de  Beraine, 
married  his  son  to  Jasper  the  Earl  of  Pembroke's 
daughter.  These  were  immediate  parents  to 
the  lather  of  Katharine  de  Berayne  by  Constance 
d'Aubigne,  dnine  d'homseur  to  Anne  de  Bretagne. 
She  brought  him  this  one  only  child,  an  hcin'st, 
who  was  ward  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  in  her 
fifteenth  year  married,  with  Her  Majesty's  con- 
sent, to  Sir  John  Salusbury  of  Llewenney  Hall.  .  .  . 
After  his  demise  fair  Katharine  gave  her  hand 
to  Sir  Richard  Clough,  the  splendid  merchant.  .  .  . 
After  Sir  Richard  Clough's  death  (she]  married 
Maurice  Wynne  of  Gwydir.  .  .  .  He  was  not, 
however,  her  last  husband.  She  wedded  Thelwall 
of  Plasy ward  after  she  was  quite  an  old  woman. — 
'  Autobio  graph  v  of  Mrs.  Piozzi '  (ed.  Hay  ward), 
ii.  8. 

So  many  persons  of  rank  and  fortune 
were  descended  from  Katharine  that  she 
was  called  Mam  y  Cymru  (the  Mother  of 
the  Welsh). 

Pennant  says  there  was  a  tradition  that 
Maurice  Wynne  proposed  to  her  on  the 
way  home  from  the  burial  of  her  first 
husband.  She  replied  that  Sir  Richard 
Clough  had  proposed  on  the  way  to  the 
burial,  and  that  she  had  accepted  him, 
but  if  she  survived  her  second  husband  she 
would  be  pleased  to  have  Wynne  for  the 
third.  DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea. 

AUTHOR  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  311). — The  lines 
on  the  book  collector  are  from  Alexander  Barclay's 
'  Ship  of  Fools,'  where  they  are  found  in  the 
first  stanza  of  the  first  chapter,  that  on  '  Inprofyt- 
able  bokes.'  The  correct  form  of  the  quotation 
(see  p.  20  in  Paterson's  reprint  of  the  first  edition) 
is  this  : — 

"  Styll  am  I  besy  bokes  assemblynge 
For  to  haue  plenty  it  is  a  plesaunt  thynge 
In  my  conceyt  and  to  haue  them  ay  in  honde." 
The  line  that  follows    is    less  flattering  to  the 
collector, 

"  But  what  they  mene  do  I  nat  vnderstonde." 
Barclay's  satire,  written  in  1508,  printed  by 
Pynson  in  1509,  was  a  translation,  founded  on 
Jakob  Locher's  Latin  version  (1497)  of  Sebastian 
Brant's  '  Narrenschiff '  (1494).  The  lines  in 
Locher  are  these  : — 

"  Congestis  etenim  stultus  confide  libellis, 
Spem  quoque  nee  parvam  collecta  volumina 

praebent, 
Calleo  nee  verbum,  nee  libri  sentiomentem." 

The  passage  in  Brant  being  : — 
"  Vff  myn  libry  ich  mych  verlan 
Von  biichern  hab  ich  grossen  hort 
Verstand  doch  drynn  gar  wenig  wort." 
The    accompanying    woodcut    in    the    original 
Basel  edition  is  familiar  in  reproductions.     The 
collector  is  seated  with  a  book-hutch  before  him, 
his  fools-cap  hanging  on  his  shoulders  and  huge 
spectacles  on  his  nose,  while  he  dusts  one  of  the 
volumes  with  a  feather  broom; 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


on 

Counsels    and    Ideals  from    the    Writings    of   Sir 

William  Osier.    Selected  and  edited  by  C.  K.  B. 

Camac.  (Oxford  University  Press,  &?.  6d.  net.) 
Tins  second  edition  of  a  pleasant  and  inspiriting 
compilation  has  been  enriched  by  the  addition 
of  passages  from  articles  by  Sir  William  Oshr 
which  have  appeared  since  1904.  Osier  himself, 
we  are  told,  during  his  last  illness,  -express?  d 
a  wish  that  a  second  edition  should  be  produced — 
the  remainder  of  the  first  having  gone  down  in  a 
torpedoed  vessel  on  its  way  to  America  in  1918. 
He  was  well  inspired  in  that  wish,  for  this  "  mosaic  " 
represents  in  a  happy  manner  those  special 
qualities  of  the  writer's  mind  and  character 
which  made  him,  good  man  of  science  as  he 
was,  a  yet  better  trainer  and  leader  of  the 
young. 

He  had  the  peculiar  feeling  for  goodness  which 
makes  the  teacher  par  excellence.  In  fact,  there 
is  more  than  a  touch  of  moral  genius  in  his 
ever-fresh  realization  of  the  importance  and  the 
beauty  of  simple  principles,  which  are  very  apt 
to  appear  trite  to  people  who  do  not  live  by  them. 
Concentration  on  the  day's  work,  fraternal 
kindness,  equanimity — these  formed  his  three- 
fold ideal — and  it  is  paying  tribute  to  his  success 
in  following  that  ideal  to  say  that  he  could 
write  of  them  to  the  last  with  the  eagerness  of 
a  discoverer,  as  well  as  with  the  assurance  born 
of  a  life's  experience. 

The  purely  intellectual  counsels  of  this  volume 
present  the  same  clear,  wholesome  simplicity 
and  the  same  kindly  wisdom,  expressed  in  an 
easy,  unaffected  English  which  runs  readily, 
on  the  one  hand  into  epigram,  on  the  other  into 
fluent  description,  and,  without  rising  exactly 
to  distinction,  keeps  true  in  its  ring  of  unfailing 
vitality.  Osier's  appreciation  of  outstanding 
personalities,  whether  among  scientific  workers 
or  in  literature,  his  eager  interest  in  the  oncoming 
generation,  his  grasp  of  the  difficulties,  material, 
mental  and  moral,  of  the  rank  and  file  in  medicine, 
and  his  enthusiasm  for  the  medical  profession 
as  a  vocation,  bear,  in  an  indefeasible  youth- 
fulness  which  permeates  them,  a  certain  trans- 
atlantic character  which  well  becomes  them. 
Necessarily,  humour  is  rarely  much  in  evidence 
though  its  presence  may  often  be  felt,  and  there 
is  at  least  one  good  example  of  it  in  the  picture 
of  a  country  doctor  in  his  surgery. 

The  eagerness  with  which  Osier  thought  and 
wrote  sometimes,  as  was  to  be  expected,  betrayed 
him  into  small  slips.  We  do  not  see  why  these 
should  have  been  perpetuated.  Why  should 
Aug.  22  be  called  St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  or 
Bernard  of  Morlaix  be  confused  with  St.  Bernard  ; 
or  Elijah,  instead  of  Elisha,  be  said  to  have  been 
summonod  from  the  plough — when  there  cannot 
be  any  doubt  that  Osier  would  have  corrected 
these  tiny  blemishes  at  a  word  ?  A  more  con- 
siderable and  very  curious  infelicity  appeals 
twice  in  these  pages.  Osier  is  urging  the  medical 
practitioner  to  beware  of  tittle-tattle  and  says, 
in  two  different  works,  that  a  man  should  make 
it  a  rule — "  never  believe  what  a  patient  tells 
you  to  the  detriment  of  a  brother,  even  thoiu/h 
you  -may  think  it  to  be  true."  The  important  words 
are  employed  in  both  passages,  and  what 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.vin.APRiL3o.i02i. 


"  believe  "  is  apart  from  "  thinking  to  be  true  " 
is  a  nice  question.  We  are  bound  also  to  say 
that  we  think  intellectual  honesty  is  made  too 
little  of  in  this  rule. 

The  advice  on  reading,  both  general  and 
professional,  is  sound.  He  recommends  ten 
authors  for  the  medical  student's  bedside  library. 
As  "  close  friends  "  the  chosen  may  win  ap- 
proval, though  Emerson  and  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes  are  paid  a  high  compliment  in  being 
included;  but  vie  think  that,  at  the  end  of  a 
hard  day's  work,  lighter  literature  would  prove 
more  acceptable  than  Marcus  Axirelius  and 
Epictetus,  and  recommendations  as  to  lighter 
literature  would  have  been  useful  and  interesting 
from  such  an  authority.  , 

In  the  way  of  comment  on  things  in  general 
or  on  curious  matters  there  are  several  telling 
passages,  as  the  note  on  the  French  recognition 
of  great  men,  the  brief  account  of  the  American 
peripatetic  teachers,  or  the  remark  on  Austin 
Flint's  notes  of  cases  that  they  covered  16,922 
folio  pages  all  wiitten  with  his  own  hand.  And 
happy  phrases  are  occasionally  h*it  off — as  when, 
urging  his  favourite  counsel  to  "  take  no  thought 
for  the  morrow,"  he  speaks  of  an  "  anticipatory 
attitude  of  mind  "  as  disturbing  and  leading 
to  disaster. 

Not  the  least  valuable  part  of  the  compilation 
is  that  which  is  concerned  with  science  in  itself, 
its  function,  in  human  history,  and  the  discipline 
it  involves  for  those  who  pursue  it,  and  we  are 
glad  that  Mr.  Camac  has  included  a  certain 
amount  of  strictly  scientific  matter. 

Cambridge  Plain  Texts.      (Cambridge  University 

Press,  Is.  each.) 

FIVE  numbers  of  this  new  series  lie  before  us. 
In  a  rose-pink  paper  wrapper,  beautifully  printed, 
each  one  offers  us  the  text  of  a  good  piece  of 
literature  which  most  people  have — some  more, 
some  less — rneglected.  For  all  five  we  give  due 
thanks,  but  most  for  the  Fuller  and  the  Donne. 
From  Fuller  the  selection  is  ii.  1-15  of  '  The  Holy 
State.'  This  includes  those  excellent  pieces 
'  The  Life  of  Mr.  Perkins,'  '  The  True  Church 
Antiquary,'  '  The  Good  Landlord,'  and  '  The  Good 
Master  of  a  Colledge.'  From  Donne  we  have 
Sermons  xv.  and  Ixvi. — both  on  the  subject 
of  death.  It  is  no  wonder  if,  when  writing  of 
Donne,  one's  pen  runs  away — yet  we  think  the 
introduction,  signed  by  that  well-known  initial 
"  Q,"  and  full  of  the  charm  every  reader  associates 
with  that  same,  a  thought  excessive.  Johnson 
furnishes  us  with  papers  from  The  Idler,  and  the 
remaining  numbers  are  Goldsmith's  '  Good- 
natured  Man  '  arid  Carlyle's  '  The  Present  Time.' 
We  shall  look  with  great  interest  for  future 
numbers  of  the  series. 

The  Print  Collector's  Quarterly  (Dent :  £1  per 
annum)  for  April,  1921,  is  the  first  English  issue 
of  a  little  magazine  which  has  proved  itself  useful 
and  acceptable  in  America  and  has  now  been 
transferred  to  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  We 
have  here  a  competent  article  on  Forain's  etch- 
ings by  Mr.  Campbell  Dodgson,  who  maintains 
that  Forain  is  one  of  the  great  etchers  of  the 
world  ;  and  one  on  Tiepolo  by  Mr.  A.  M.  Hind — 
a  careful  piece  of  work  which,  with  its  biblio- 
graphy and  list  of  the  artist's  etchings,  would 


make  a  sound  beginning  of  a  study  of  Tiepolo 
from  this  point  of  view.  Alexander  Cozens's 
work  presents  an  unusually  interesting  topic  of 
which  Mr.  A.  P.  Oppe  gives  a  good  discussion. 
In  the  way  of  modern  English  etching  we  have 
Mr.  Malcolm  C.  Salaman's  paper  on  Mr.  E.  S. 
Lumsden — highly  appreciative,  and  furnished 
with  a  list  of  works. 

All  the  articles  are  lavishly  illustrated  and 
the  illustrations  have  suffered  much  less  than  is 
usually  the  case  in  the  process  of  reduction. 
We  learn  that  this  magazine  has  subscribers  in 
23  different  countries  :  it  is  certainly  worth  any 
print-collector's  looking  into. 


FAMILY  OF  COLLETT. — The  writer,  who  is 
completing  a  History  of  the  Collet  and  Collett 
families,  will  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  of  the 
name  who  desire  to  have  their  pedigrees  inserted. 
A  large  amount  of  information — mostly  from 
wills — has  been  collected.  Many  pedigrees  have 
already  been  carefully  compiled  with  accompany- 
ing notes,  and  an  introduction  giving  the  history 
of  the  family  from  the  earliest  times  written. — - 
H.  C.,  c/o  '  N.  &  Q.' 


to 

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"  SAND  Mounds  at  Southport,"  ante,  p.  318. — Mr. 
R.  D.  Whittenbury-Kaye,  of  Newchurch,  Culcheth, 
nr.  WTarrington,  writes  : — "  If  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents, especially  '  G,'  would  care  to  write 
to  me,  they  may  have  the  tradition  relating  to 
these  sand-mounds  related  to  them.  The  late 
Mr.  John  Roby,  in  his  '  Lancashire  Traditions ' 
(published  by  J.  Heywood,  Manchester),  tells  the 
story  under  the  heading  of  '  The  Lost  Farm ;  or, 
The  Haunted  Casket.'  " 


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The  selection  includes: — 

Las  Casa's  Conversations  ;     Memoirs  by  De  Bourrienne, 

O'Meara,    Barras,    Remusat ;      Warden's  •  Letters    from 

St.    Helena;       Mrs.    A.    Bell's     Recollections;      Hudson 

Lowe's  Journal,  &c.,  &c. 

A  List  will  be  sent  post  free  on  request. 


THE  TIMES  BOOK  CLUB, 

380,  Oxford  Street,  London,  W.I. 


12  s.  vni.  MAY  ?,  mi.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


361 


LONDON,  MAY  7.  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.    160. 

NOTES  :— '  Pericles '  on  the  Stage,  361— Legay  of 
Southampton  and  London,  362 — Glass-Painters  of  York  : 
Shirley,  364—"  Magdalen  "  or  "  Mawdlen  "—A  Projected 
Escape  of  Napoleon  from  St.  Helena,  366 — Edmund 
Hyde  Hall's  '  Notes  upon  Carnarvonshire  ' —  Marriages, 
367 — Banns-cum-Marriage  Registers — "  How  to  be  Happy 
Though  Married,"  368. 

QUERIES :—"  Zoo  "—A  Blacksmith's  Epitaph,  36&— 
The  Year  1000  A.D.— Old  Novels  and  Song-Books— 
Napoleon  and  London.  369 — Weatherall — Culver  Hole, 
Gower — Simeon  Musgrave — Mary  Benson,  alias  Maria 
Theresa  Phipoe— Aliens  in  Northamptonshire,  Sixteenth 
Century — Fire  Pictures — Reformations  of  the  Calendar — 
Farndon  Communion  Cup,  370 — Epigrammatists — 
Catherinot :  Epigrammata  —  Griffith  —  Gage  —  "  Club  " 
versus  "  Society  " — Henry  Bell  of  Portington — J.  Young 
Pinnet — State  Trials  in  Westminster  Hall — Reference 
Wanted— Author  Wanted,  371. 

REPLIES  :— "  Juan  de  Vega  "  :  Charles  Cochrane,  371— 
f  Monte  Cristo,  372— Sir  Thomas  Chaloner— Archbishop 
'Tillotson  and  the  Last  Sacraments— Robert  Whatley  : 
James  Street,  Westminster — Churches  of  St.  Michael, 
373— Death  of  William  Rufus— Old  Song  Wanted— 
"  Singing  Bread  "—Residence  of  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  374— 
John  William  Rose — Tavern  Signs  :  The  Quiet  Woman — 
Lancashire  Settlers  in  America — War  Portents,  375 — 
Smallest  Pig  of  a  Litter — "  Some  " — The  Thames  Running 
Dry,  376 — Book  Borrowers — Scotch  Hands — Cowper  : 
Pronunciation  of  Name,  377 — Song  Wanted :  Bryan 
O'Lynn — Age  of  Lions — Hareway,  Englefleld,  Berks — 
"  He  will  never  set  the  Sieve  on  Fire,"  378. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— « A  Manual  of  Modern  Scots.' 
Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents.   ' 


JSote*. 

'  PERICLES  '  ON  THE  STAGE. 

THE  revival  of  '  Pericles '  at  the  "  Old  Vic." 
affords  a  suitable  occasion  for  putting  to- 
gether a  few  notes  on  the  meagre  stage 
history  of  this  play.  It  was  first  printed 
in  1609,  and  the  earliest  known  reference 
to  it  as  an  acted  play  dates  from  the  same 
year.  The  anonymous  writer  of  some 
doggerel  lines  entitled  '  Pimlyco  or  Runne 
Red-Cap,'  describing  a  noisy  crowd  of 
"  Gentiles  mix'd  with  Groomes,"  exclaims  : — 

I  truly  thought  all  These 
Came  to  see  Shore  or  Pericles. 

Five  years  later  Robert  Tailor  bears  witness 
to  its  popularity  in  the  prologue  to  his 
play,  '  The  Hogge  hath  lost  his  Pearle,' 
which  ends  : — 

And  if  it  prove  so  happy  as  to  please 
Weele  say  'tis  fortunate  like  Pericles.  ' 


From  these  allusions  we  are  entitled  to 
infer  that  the  play  pleased  the  million. 
The  earliest  record  of  a  particular  perform- 
ance of  it  shows  that  it  was  also  regarded 
with  favour  at  Court.  On  May  24,  1619, 
Sir  Gerrard  Herbert,  writing  to  Sir  Dudley 
Carleton,  the  English  Ambassador  at  The 
Hague,  describes  a  farewell  entertainment 
given  to  the  French  Ambassador,  the 
Marquis  de  la  Tremouille,  at  Whitehall,  on 
the  preceding  Thursday,  May  20  ('  S.P., 
Dom.,  James  I.,'  vol.  cix.,  No.  46).  "The 
supper  was  greate  &  the  banquett  curious." 
It  was  followed  by  music,  and  then 

In  the  kinges  greate  Chamber  they  went  to 
see  the  play  of  Pirrocles,  Prince  of  Tyre,  which 
lasted  till  2  aclocke.  after  two  actes,  the  players 
ceased  till  the  french  all  refreshed  them  wto 
sweetmeates  brought  on  Chinay  voiders,  &  wyne 
&  ale  in  bottells,  after  the  players,  begann  anewe. 
The  Imbassadour  parted  next  morning  for 
Fraunce  at  8  aclocke,  full  well  pleased, 

a  state  of  mind  which  does  him  credit, 
considering  how  late  he  had  been  up  the 
night  before. 

Our  next  piece  of  information  comes 
from  another  Herbert,  Sir  Henry,  who  was 
Master  of  the  Revels  under  Charles  I.  In 
this  capacity  he  enjoyed  a  number  of  little 
perquisites  from  the  players,  who  were 
largely  dependent  upon  his  good  will  for 
their  livelihood.  Thus,  on  June  10,  1631, 
he  received  from  the  Xing' s  Company 
£3  10s.  "  for  a  gratuity  for  ther  liberty 
gaind  unto  them  of  playinge,  upon  the 
cessation  of  the  plague."  And  he  adds, 
"  This  was  taken  upon  Pericles  at  the  Globe." 
The  amount  suggests  that  the  play  was  no 
longer  a  great  favourite,  for  two  days  later 
'  Richard  II.,'  played  for  Herbert's  "  benefitt,'* 
brought  in  £5  6s.  Qd.  ;  and  '  Every  Man  in 
His  Humour,'  in  February,  1630,  as  much 
as  £12  4s.  These  particulars  are  taken 
from  the  extracts  from  Herbert's  Office 
Book,  now  lost,  made  by  Malone  for  his 
'  Historical  Account  of  the  English  Stage,' 
and  printed  in  the  'Variorum'  of  1821, 
iii.  176-7.  It  may  be  worth  noting,  how- 
ever, that  in  this  same  year,  1631,  Jonson 
refers  slightingly  to  the  favour  shown  to 
"  some  mouldy  tale  like  Pericles  "  in  the 
verses  appended  to  his  comedy  '  The  New 
Inn,'  which  had  failed  on  the  stage  in 
1629. 

After  the  Restoration  the  play  remained 
for  a  time  in  the  repertory  of  the  stage. 
In  his  '  Roscius  Anglicanus  '  John  Downes, 
who  was  prompter  to  Davenant's  company, 
mentions  it  among  the  plays  revived  at 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.MAY7,i02i. 


Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  in  1662,  and  records 
that  "  Mr.  Betterton,  being  ilien  but  22  years 
Old  [this  is  a  mistake  for  27]  was  highly 
Applauded  for  his  Acting  "  in  it. 

Its  popularity,  however,  was  short-lived. 
Its  outrageous  defiance  of  the  unity  of 
time  offended  the  critics.  Dryden,  the 
most  eminent  of  them,  chooses  it  as  an 
example  of  the  inferior  plays  of  "  the 
last  age  "  : — 

Witness  the  lameness  of  their  plots  . 
made  up  of  some  ildiculous,  incoherent  story, 
which,  in  one  play,  many  times  took  up  the 
business  of  an  age.  I  suppose  I  need  not  name 
Pericles,  Prince  of  Tyre. — '  Defence  of  the 
Epilogue,'  1672. 

At  any  rate  it  had  the  good  fortune  to 
escape  the  abhorred  shears  and  still  more 
abhorred  additions  of  the  Restoration 
adapter.  It  was  not  altered  for  the  stage 
till  1758,  when  George  Lillo,  author  of  the 
once  celebrated  play  of  '  George  Barn  well,' 
cut  away  the  first  three  acts  and  expanded 
the  last  two  into  a  drama  which  he  called 
'  Marina.'  Except  for  this  work,  which 
was  acted  three  times  at  Co  vent  Garden, 
the  laborious  Genest  could  not  find  a  single 
revival  of  the  play  between  the  time  of 
Betterton  and  the  publication  of  his 
*  Account  of  the  English  Stage  '  in  1832. 
And  it  is  significant  of  the  oblivion  into 
which  '  Pericles  '  had  fallen  that  he  thinks 
it  necessary  to  give  a  full  account  of  its 
plot,  whereas  he  always  assumes  that  his 
readers  are  familiar  with  Shakespeare's 
undoubted  works.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  this  play  was  not  printed  among  them 
between  1725,  when  Pope  rejected  it  from 
his  edition,  and  1793.  Malone,  indeed,  had 
appended  it  and  '  Titus  Andronicus  '  to  his 
edition  of  1790  as  doubtful  plays,  but  it 
was  left  to  Steevens  in  1793  to  restore  it  to 
full  canonical  honours. 

During  the  nineteenth  century  I  believe 
it  was  only  once  revived  for  public  perform- 
ance. In  1854,  Phelps  produced  it  at 
Sadler's  Wells,  himself  playing  Pericles. 
According  to  Henry  Morley,  this  production 
"  may  be  said  to  succeed  only  because  it  is  a 
spectacle"  (' Journal  of  a  London  Play- 
goer,' p.  84).  If  I  have  overlooked  any 
revival  perhaps  some  reader  better  versed 
in  stage  history  will  supply  the  deficiency. 
GORDON  CROSSE. 

P.S. — Since  writing  this  I  have  learned 
that  '  Pericles '  was  revived  by  Sir  Frank 
Benson  at  one  of  the  Stratford  Festivals, 
but  have  not  been  able  to  discover  the  year. 


LEGAY   OF   SOUTHAMPTON   AND 
LONDON. 

(See  ante,  p.  341). 

III.  Peter  Legay  of  Southampton,  the 
eldest  son  of  Isaac  (II.),  is  the  most  promi- 
nent member  of  the  family.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Lord's  Supper  in  1618,  and 
is  named  later  two  or  three  times  in  the 
registers  of  the  Huguenot  churches  at 
Southampton  and  London,  but  appears  to 
have  separated  from  the  congregation. 
Probably  he  regarded  himself  as  an  English- 
mo  n,  as  belonging  to  the  third  generation 
of  his  family  settled  in  the  country.  He 
became  a  burgess  by  1638  (Hist.  MSS.  Com., 
XI.  iii.  133)  and  an  alderman  of  Southamp- 
ton, and  served  the  town  as  bailiff  in  1640, 
sheriff  1641,  and  mayor  1647.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1642,  he  was  one  of  those  placed  in 
charge  of  the  town's  defence,  for  Holy 
Rood  Ward  (Hist.  MSS.  Com.,  XL  iii.  29), 
and  appears  generally  to  have  been  an 
important  townsman.  On  January  10, 
1658/9,  Jacob  Legay  as  sheriff  summoned 
a  court  to  choose  the  Parliament  men  for 
Southampton ;  Mr.  Knolles,  Mr.  Roger 
Gollop,  and  Peter  Legay  were  nominated, 
the  two  former  being  elected  (Note-book). 

On  December  29,  1623,  he  married 
Martha  Delamotte,  who,  on  the  evidence 
of  the  Note-book,  may  be  regarded  as  a 
sister  of  Joseph  and  daughter  of  the  Hugue- 
not pastor,  Philip.  She  was  born  October 
27,  1604,  but  no  baptisms  are  recorded  in 
the  register  between  August  8,  1604,  and 
May  12,  1605,  so  that  the  wife  and  family 
had  probably  been  sent  away  from  the  town 
to  avoid  the  plague.  Calamy  ( '  Noncon- 
formist's Memorial,'  ed.  Palmer,  iii.  336 ; 
ed.  1727,  ii.  832)  has  a  romantic  story  of  the 
marriage  of  "  the  eminently  religious  Mr. 
Peter  Legay."  He  says  : — 

This  worthy  person  left  France  when  Lewis 
XIII.  oppressed  his  Protestant  subjects  and 
besieged  and  took  Rochelle,  bringing  little  or 
nothing  with  him.  After  he  had  been  a  while  in 
England,  he  was  greatly  surprized  to  meet  a 
young  lady  in  the  street  at  Southampton  whom 
he  had  courted  in  France.  They  renewed  their 
acquaintance  and  married  ;  and  by  an  extra- 
ordinary blessing  of  God  upon  his  industry  and 
merchandize  he  in  a  few  years  so  increased  his 
substance,  that  he  bought  the  estate  of  West 
Stoke,  where  he  lived  in  great  credit  to  the  day  of 
his  death. 

The  story  cannot  be  accepted  as  it  stands. 
It  has  been  shown  that  both  Peter  and  his 
wife  belonged  to  Southampton.  Yet  Peter 
may  have  been  trading  in  Rochelle  when 


12  s.  viii.  MAY  7, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  363 

hostilities  were  begun  in  1621  by  the  rebel-  Sussex,  but  gives  no  further  notice  of  him. 
lion  of  the  Protestants  there  ;  the  town  was  He  records,  however,  that  Mr.  John  Willis 
not  taken  until  1628,  long  after  the  marriage,  (son  of  Mr.  John  Willis  of  Pinner  and 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  at  the  Walloon  brother  of  Mr.  Thomas  Willis,  ejected  from 
church  on  February  10,  1621/2,  Peter  Legay  Heathfield,  near  Taunton),  having  been 
and  Martha  Delamotte  were  godparents  ejected  from  West  Lavington,  in  Sussex,  lived 
of  a  child  named  Pierre  Behot.  Further,  with  Peter  Legay  at  West  Stoke  and 
it  seems  certain  that  they  were  related  by  preached  in  his  house  to  others  besides 
blood,  for  in  the  registers  it  is  found  that  the  family.  Willis's  first  wife  died  a  little 
Baltasar  des  Mestres  and  Martine  le  Gai,  before  his  ejection,  and  he  then  married 
his  wife,  were  admitted  to  the  Lord's  Supper  a  daughter  of  Peter  Legay  ;  on  her  death  he 
in  1574,  and  they  were  apparently  the  married  again,  and  moving  from  his  father- 
parents  of  Judith  des  Mestres,  born  at  in-law's  house  had  a  meeting  in  Chichester, 
Armentieres,  the  home  of  the  original  Peter  where  he  was  licensed  in  1672.  He  died 
Le  Gay,  who  was  second  wife  of  Philip  about  that  time,  however,  being  40  years  of 
Delamotte  and  mother  of  Martha  (see  age  (Calamy,  iii.  336).  Peter  Legay's 
Note-book  under  1615,  and  Register  of  nonconformity  appears  at  the  outset  of  his 
same  date).  Baltasar  des  Mestres  was  god-  will,  of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract 

father  of  Peter  Legay  in  1602.    In  the  Note-  ;  (P.C.C.,  39  Bath)  • 

book  under  1641-42  a  minor  detail  is  entered,       November  7?   1679  d    March  27    1680< 

indicating  the  connexion  of  the  families  :—       To  pious  necessitous  ministers,  £10.     To  sister 

This  year,  about  October  and  November  Hester  Toldervey,  alias  Ingpen,  distracted  in  mind, 
were  very  dangerously  sick  Peter  Legay  and  £18  a  year  for  life.  The  manors  of  West  Stoke, 
Martha  his  wife  and  myself  Joseph  Delamott.  Funtington  and  Lavant  to  son  Isaac  Legay  of 
Philip  Delamott  was  so  likewise  in  Lincolnshire.  London,  merchant.  To  son  Jacob  Legay  £10,  to 
AIL  of  us  recovered,  God  be  praised,  but  our  be  paid  after  my  wife's  decease.  To  executors 
sister  Elizabeth  .  .  .  died.  £250  in  trust  for  daughter  Dorothy  Phillips 

Peter;Legay  in  1651  purchased  the  manor  (whose  husband,  William  Phillips,  is  to  have 
of  West'  WelU  and  in  conjunction  with  .£?»%££  jSdS'  £*^j%£^£ 
his  son  Isaac  sold  it  in  1662  to  Richard  for  life,  with  remainder  to  son  Isaac.  Executors  : 
Biggs  (V.C.H.,  Hants,  iv.  537).  According  Wife,  son  Isaac  and  grandson  Samuel  (son  of 
to  Dallaway's  '  West  Sussex  '  (I.,  pt.  ii.,  Isaac).  Witnesses  :  John  Ridge,  Thomas  Horne, 
110,  111),  Peter  Legay  the  elder  was  lord  of  John  Browne- 

West  Stoke,  near  Chichester,  in  1659,  and  It  will  be  noticed  that  Peter  and  Martha 
at  the  death  of  Peter  Legay  the  younger,  had  a  married  life  of  fifty -six  years.  Their 
an  eighth  part  passed  to  Randolph  Tutte,  known  children  were  three  sons,  Peter, 
gent.  The  manor  of  West  Stoke  had  in  Isaac,  and  Jacob,  and  two  daughters,  one 
1626  become  divisible  among  the  six  sisters  the  wife  of  John  Willis  and  the  other  Dorothy 
and  coheirs  of  Thomas  Stoughton  or  their  Phillips.  The  second  son,  Isaac,  carried  on 
representatives.  How  one-eighth  came  to  the  male  line.  The  eldest  son,  Peter,  was  a 
the  younger  Peter  does  not  appear,  but  the  London  merchant,  who  prospered  like  his 
elder  Peter  (of  whom  we  are  treating)  father.  In  1654  he  purchased  from  the 
finally  secured  his  seven-eighths  in  1664  Trustees  for  the  Sale  of  Forfeited  Estates 
and  1665  by  purchases  from  Thomas  the  manor  of  Pilkington,  with  extensive 
Germon  and  Thomas  Phillips,  to  whom  lands  there  and  in  Manchester,  Bury,  and 
portions  had  descended  (Sussex  Rec.  Soc.,  the  neighbourhood,  for  £3,302.  The  then 
Inquisitions  p.m.  and  Fines  ;  Close  Roll  4187,  Earl  of  Derby  concurred  in  the  sale  (Close 
Nos.  31,31.)  Chancery  proceedings  in  1658/9  Roll  3796,  No.  35;  the  deed  occupies  18 
give  some  information  as  to  how  the  Legays  membranes).  In  1658,  in  conjunction  with 
obtained  their  entry  on  the  Manor  (Reynard-  his  brother  Isaac,  he  purchased  from  the 
son,  243/121.  where  deeds  are  cited).  Earl  the  manors  of  Much  and  Little  Woolton, 

After  the  Restoration  the  Legays  became  and  Childwall,  but  shortly  afterwards  re- 
Nonconformists.  During  the  temporary  In-  leased  his  right  to  Isaac  (V.C.H.,  Lan- 
dulgence  of  1672,  a  licence  was  granted  j  cashire,  iii.  110).  The  younger.  Peter  was 
for  John  Abbot,  a  Congregationalist,  to  twice  married.  First,  about  1654,  to  Eliza- 
minister  at  Peter  Legay's  house  at  West  !  beth,  daughter  of  William  Edwards,  of  Al- 
Stoke  (Cal.  S.P.,  Dom.,  1672,  pp.  199,  !  veston  in  Gloucestershire,  and  Mary  his 
203,  222).  Calamy  states  that  Abbot  wife.  Elizabeth  died  soon  after  the  mar- 
was  ejected  in  1662  from  Fishborne  in'riige,  without  issue,  for  on  November  13, 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     112  s.vm.  MAY  7,1921. 


1655,  administration  of  her  estate  was 
granted  (P.C.C.)  to  her  husband,  described 
as  of  the  parish  of  All  Hallows  Bprking. 
He  afterwards  began  a  suit  in  Chancery  to 
recover  parts  of  the  estate  which  he  asserted 
should  have  come  to  her  and  so  to  him — 
under  the  wills  of  her  father  (1648),  her 
sister  Ursula,  and  her  grandmother  Ursula 
Atwell  of  Thornbury  (1640).  The  defend- 
ants were  Mary  Edwards,  (widow  of 
William),  John  Hagatt,  John  Clement, 
and  Walter  Clement.  They  alleged  among 
other  points  that  as  there  was  no  issue  of 
the  marriage  the  next  heir  was  a  kinsman 
named  William  Edwards  (Bridges,  426/80). 
Secondly,  about  1658,  to  Grizilla,  daughter 
of  Col.  John  Hotham  (son  of  Sir  John), 
executed  in  1645.  A  male  child  of  theirs 
was  buried  in  a  vault  at  St.  Olave's,  Hart 
Street,  September  30,  1659.  There  was 
a  posthumous  daughter,  Juda,  who  in 
1668  was  licensed  to  marry  Thomas  Wheeler. 
Peter  died  in  1660  ;  his  will,  dated  October 
5,  and  proved  December  12  (P.C.C.,  269 
Nabbs),  makes  bequests  as  follows  : — 

To  the  poor  of  the  congregation  of  Christians 
walking  in  fellowship  with  Mr.  John  Simpson, 
but  not  to  the  poor  of  any  parish  where  he  usually 
preaches,  £20.  To  father  and  mother,  brothers 
and  sisters,  40s.  each  and  a  ring.  To  father, 
Peter  Legay,  Esq.,  and  brother,  Isaac  Legay, 
all  lands  purchased  of  Charles  Earl  of  Derby  in 
Pilkington  and  Bury  ;  the  lands  to  be  sold  and 
the  money  given  as  to  £1,500  to  wife  Grisilla 
for  her  own  use,  and  all  residue  to  the  child  of 
which  she  is  enceinte.  The  wife  to  be  guardian 
of  the  child.  Reversion  to  Isaac  Legay.  To 
man-servant,  James  Jerome,  £10.  To  maid- 
servant, Dowse,  40s.  To  friend  George  Perier, 
scrivener,  £5  to  buy  a  sword  hilt.  Household 
stuff,  plate,  &c.,  to  wife  Grisilla,  who  is  to  be  sole 
executrix.  Witnesses  :  John  Chilwell,  Dowsa- 
bell  Coleman,  George  Perier. 

The  widow  continued  the  suit  against 
the  executor,  &c.,  of  William  Edwards 
(Bridges,  426/75),  but  a  settlement  seems 
to  have  been  arrived  at,  and  on  June  19, 
1664,  an  entirely  new  grant  for  the  admini- 
stration of  the  goods  of  Elizabeth  Legay, 
alias  Edwards,  was  made  to  John  Clements, 
"  her  natural  and  lawful  brother."  Grizilla 
soon  afterwards  married  James  Heyes,  a 
London  Alderman,  and  had  issue  by  him 
(Visit,  of  Yorkshire,  1664  ;  Lyson's  'Environs 
of  London,'  iv.  460.)  The  minister  John 
Simpson  is  frequently  mentioned  in  the 
Cal.  S.P.,  Dom.,  for  1661-2  (also  in  Pepys)  ; 
he  had  a  "  conventicle  "  in  Anchor  Lane 
and  preached  in  All  Hallows  the  Great.  On 
February  11,  1664/5,  Peter  Legay  of  West 
Stoke  and  his  son  Isaac  of  London,  mer- 


chants,   reciting   the    will    of    Peter   Legay 

jthe  younger,  son  of  the  former  Peter,  sold 

j  the   Manor   of   Pilkington   and   the   various 

;  lands  in  Pilkington,  Bury,  &c.,  to  Charles 

Earl  of  Derby,  who  thus  regained  possession. 

Some  of  the  tenements  had,  however,  been 

disposed  of  by  the  younger  Peter  during  his 

lifetime.     The  price  paid  was  £6,800  ;  war- 

i  ranty  was  given  against  Grizilla,  widow  of 

Peter  the  son,  and  the  daughter  born  after 

Peter's  death  (Close  Roll  4162,  No.  2). 

Jacob,  the  third  son  of  Peter  and  Martha, 

had   suits  with   his   brother   Isaac    and   his 

father.     The     brothers     Peter     and     Isaac 

traded    with    Barbados,     and     Isaac     had 

lived  there  till   1657,  when  he  returned  to 

London.     The    brothers    then    sent    Jacob 

out,  together  with  another  kinsman  named 

Jacob  Butler,  to  carry  on  trade  there.    They 

considered    him    a    raw    and    inexperienced 

youth,  but  supplied  him  with  £500  capital 

(really     advanced     by     their     father)      and 

treated  him  as  a  partner.     In   1673,  many 

years  after  the  brother  Peter's  death,   the 

suits  were  going  on,  Jacob  claiming  various 

sums   and   alleging  that   the   £500  was   his 

filial  portion,  or  in  lieu  of  it.     He  said  that 

before  he  went  out  to  Barbados  he  had  had 

;  some  mercantile  training  under  his  father 

!  and     one     Francis     Samson.     The     father, 

however,    regarded    him    as    an    undutif ul 

I  son,   and  that  no   doubt   accounts  for  the 

\  slight   bequest   to   him   in   the   will   recited 

!  above.     A    settlement    favourable    to    him 

seems  to  have  been  arrived  at,  for  in  Novem- 

i  ber,  1673,  Jacob  Legay  of  London,  merchant, 

and    Peter    Legay    of    West    Stoke,    gent., 

mortgaged   seven-eighths  of    the    manor    of 

|  West  Stoke  to  Robert  Thorner  and  Richard 

j  Davis,  both  of  London  ;    and  by  this  Jacob 

I  was    to     receive     £690    (Close     Roll    4383, 

|  No.    17).     A  Jacob  Legay  in   1674  married 

I  Hanna  Legay  at  Marylebone.  From  Hotten's 

|  '  Emigrants   to   America '     it    appears   that 

two    Jacobs    were    living    in     Barbados    in 

1680.  J.  BBOWNBILL. 

(To  be  continued.) 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 

(See  ante  pp.   127,  323.) 
III. — THE    SHIRLEY  FAMILY. 

1.  THOMAS  SHIBLAY,  glasyer  ('  Freemen 
of  York,'  Surtees  Soc.). — Free  of  the  city 
1439.  After  the  death,  in  1437,  of  John 
Chamber  the  elder,  who,  it  is  presumed, 
was  the  John  Chaumbre  mentioned  in  the 


12  s.  vm.  MA,  T,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


Fabric  Rolls  ('  Fabric  Rolls  of  York  Minster ' 

ed.  by  the  Rev.  Canon  Raine,  Surtees  Soc.) 

of    1421,    1422,    1432,   and    1433,   from  the 

fact   that   the   only   Rolls   extant   covering  |  be  buried  "  within   the   high   choir   of  "my 

the  life  of  his  brother,  John  Chamber  the    parish  church  of  St.  Helen  in  Stanegate  '* 


Shirley  was  evidently  a  man  of  position 
and  property.  He  made  his  will  (Reg.  Test. 
Ebor.,  ii.  380d.)  Jan  15,  1456,  desiring  to 

t  1  *        Jl        44    *  ±t     •  it  1*1  1  •  A 


younger  (free  1414,  died  1451),  viz.,  those 
for  the  years  1443,  1444,  1446,  1447  and 
1450,  do  not  make  any  mention  of  a  Chamber 
as  doing  work  for  the  Dean  and  Chapter ; 
the  glass -painter  mentioned  in  the  next 


with  a  funeral  upon  which  a  sum  of  seven 
marks  (£4  13s.  4d.,  equal  to  about  £56 
present  value)  was  to  be  spent,  besides 
one  cierge  of  lib.  weight  ;  two  of  31b.  weight 
each,  and  "  two  wax  torches  of  the  value  of 


extant  roll  after  the  date  of  the  elder  i  8s.  [equal  to  £4  16s.  present  value]  to  burn 
Chamber's  death,  viz.,  that  for  the  year  1443,  j  likewise  around  my  body ;  and  after  my  burial 
is  Thomas  Shirley.  Wife,  Katherin'e ;  natural  j  I  will  that  the  said  two  torches  shall  serve 


son,  Robert  (free  1458);  brother,  John; 
workmen,  John  Newsom  (probably  the 
John  Newsom  free  in  1442,  son  of  the 
John  Newsom,  free  in  1418,  who  was  one 
of  the  witnesses  to  John  Chamber  the  elder's 
will  in  1437,  and  father  of  Thomas  Newsom, 
free  in  1470  ;  and,  in  1481,  in  the  employ  of 
Thomas  Shirwin,  who  bequeathed  him 
"two  tables  of  English  glass")  and 
Thomas  Clark,  who  is  mentioned  in  the 
Fabric  Roll  of  1471,  at  which  time  he  would 
})e  in  the  employ  of  another  master  (pro- 
bably Matthew  Petty,  as  Shirley  had  died 
thirteen  years  previously).  Neither  Clark 
nor  Newsom  seems  to  have  risen  to  have 
a  shop  of  his  own.  These  two  were  evidently 
the  "  ij  serviencium  Thomae  Schirley 
vitriatoris "  mentioned  in  the  Fabric 
Roll  of  1443.  As  he  tells  us  in  his  will, 
Shirley  had  several  other  servants  both 
male  and  female.  One  of  the  men  was 
probably  William  Cartmell,  no  doubt  the 
''  Willelmus  vitriator  "  mentioned  in  the 
roll  of  1443  immediately  after  the  above 
k'  ij  serviencium  Thomae  Schirley,"  and 
under  his  full  name  in  the  rolls  of  1444, 
1446,  1447  and  1471.  By  this  last  date 
he  would  be  fifty -four  or  more  years  of  age, 
as  he  was  free  of  the  city  in  1438,  and, 


for  the  high  altar  of  the  church  of  St.  Helen 
aforesaid  to  give  light  there  at  the  elevation 
of  Our  Lord's  Body."  To  the  fabric  of 
the  Cathedral  Church  of  York  2s.,  and  a 
similar  sum  to  Beverley  Minster.  Also  to 
the  four  orders  of  mendicant  friars  in  York, 
to  the  friars  of  Saint  Robert  of  Knares- 
borough,  every  Maisondieu  in  the  city 
and  suburbs,  and  to  every  leper  of  either 
sex  in  the  four  houses  for  lepers  on  the 
outskirts  of  the  city,  various  sums.  "  To 
John  Sharley  my  brother,  a  gown  with  a 
hood  and  6s.  8d.  in  money.  Also  I  bequeath 
to  John  Newsom,  if  he  be  in  my  service 
at  the  time  of  my  decease,  3s.  4d.  Also 
to  Thomas  Clerk,  my  servant,  on  the  same 


condition,    3s. 


Also    to    every    one    of 


my  other  men  and  women  servants  being 
with  me  in  service  -on  the  day  of  my  decease, 
2s.  5?  To  his  natural  son  Robert  he  left 
his  glass  -painting  business,  a  quantity  of 
household  necessaries,  and  a  sum  of  four 
marks  of  money  ;  his  wife  Katherine  he 
made  his  residuary  legatee.  Executors,  his 
wife  and  William  Inglish,  the  universally 
respected  glass  -painter  to  whom  he  left 
"  10s.  for  his  trouble  if  he  shall  be  willing 
to  take  upon  himself  the  burden  of  this  my 
will."  This  clause  provides  not  only  strong 


like  Newsom  and  Clark,  would  have  passed  i  testimony  to  the  uprightness   of  character 

tit  1  t*  it  -n  •  j  1_    __       1  l»  T  T'T  1  1  t     1  •  j    •  1  •     t 


into  the  employ  of  another  master.  Either 
because  he  had  been  engaged  entirely  upon 
the  mechanical  side  of  the  business,  cutting 
and  glazing,  rather  than  on  the  artistic, 
such  as  designing  or  painting  ;  or  because 
he  was  unlucky  enough  to  have  been  born 
outside  of  that  charmed  circle  of  a  few 
select  families,  who  had,  and  were  careful 
to  keep,  the  whole  of  the  business  in  their 
own  hands,  to  be  afterwards  handed  on  to 
sons  equally  bent  on  conserving  the  profits 
and  emoluments  to  themselves,  he  had 
never  been  able  to  set  up  in  business  for 
himself,  and  remained  a  journeyman  to 
the  end  of  his  life. 


of  Inglish  but  also  additional  evidence 
that  business  rivalry  must  have  been  prac- 
tically non-existent ;  for  Inglish,  who  at 
this  time  would  be  about  twenty -nine  years 
of  age,  had,  as  there  is  every  reason  to 
believe,  succeeded  to  the  Chamber  business 
in  1450,  so  that  at  the  time  Shirley  died 
the  two  must  have  been  ostensibly  rivals 
for  eight  years  or  more.  Thomas  Shirley 
evidently  lived  for  two  years  after  the  date 
on  which  he  made  his  will,  which  was 
proved  Oct.  11,  1458. 

2.  Robertus  Shirlay  ('Freemen  of  York,' 
Surtees  Soc.). — Natural  son  of  Thomas 
Shirley  (free  1439,  died  1458).  He  was  free 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2S.vin.MAY7,i92i. 


of  the  city  the  same  year  in  which  his  father 
died,  so  that  he  was  just  01  age  to  succeed 
to  the  business.  At  his  death  his  father 
bequeathed  him  "  all  my  drawings  (pro- 
tractoria*),  appliances  and  necessaries,  also 
the  tables  and  trestles  belonging  in  any  way 
to  my  artifice.  .  .  .  Also  I  bequeath  to  the 
same  Robert  13s.  4d.  to  be  delivered  in 
glass  (in  vitros  liber andos)."  He  also  left 
his  son  one  coverlet,  one  pair  of  blankets, 
one  pair  of  sheets,  two  coodds  (pillows), 
one  mattress,  one  plain  chest,  one  bronze 
jar,  one  ewer,  one  wash  basin,  and  four 
marks  of  money  (£2  13s.  4d.),  so  that  the 
son  evidently  had  a  fair  start  in  life.  His 
name  does  not  occur  in  the  York  Minster 
Fabric  Rolls,  but  many  of  these  are  missing 
and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  those  extant 
have  not  been  printed  in  extenso.  Robert 
Shirley  was  one  of  the  glass -painters  who 
appeared  before  the  mayor  in  1463.  It  is 
not  known  when  he  died. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


"MAGDALEN"  OB  "MAWDLEN." — It  was 
recently  stated  in  The  Church  Times,  in 
answer  to  a  correspondent,  that  "  Mawdlen  " 
was  "a  corrupt  mediaeval  pronunciation"  of 
Magdalen.  This  drew  a  protest  from  another 
correspondent  (Canon  Macleane).  who 
claimed  "  Mawdlen  "as  "  pure  French  (Made- 
leine), like  the  traditional  pronunciation  of 
St.  Maur,  St.  John,  or  St.  Leger."  The 
writer  then  went  on  to  say,  "I  doubt  whether 
anyone  said  Magdalen  till  the  nineteenth  [ 
century  schoolmaster  era.  Izaak  Walton  j 
certainly  wrote  and  said  Maudlin,  and ! 

*  These    were    evidently    cartoons    on    paper 
which   could   be   kept   and   used   over   and   over 
again.     Examples    in    ancient    glass    where,    in 
order  to   save   trouble,   the   same   drawing   of   a 
figure   has    been   used   many   times,    with   slight 
alterations  such  as  changing  the  emblem  so  as  to 
make  the  figure  do  duty  for  different  saints,  are  j 
common.     Thus  at  Great  Malvern,  North  Clere- 
story, a  figure  of  St.  Joachim  is  made  to  serve  for 
the  single  figure  of  Joachim  albne  in  the  fields,  and  j 
the  subject  of  the  Meeting  at  the  Golden  Gate  ;  a  j 
figure  of  a  bishop  variously  coloured,  and  with  j 
slight   alterations    such    as    changing   crosier   for  | 
pastoral    cross,    orphrey    for    pallium,    &c.,    con- 
stitutes a  small  army  of  variously  named  bishops 
and  archbishops  ;    whilst  a  figure  of  St.  Edward 
Confessor  granting  a  charter  makes   an   excellent 
King  William  performing  the  same  function  in  | 
another  light.     (For  large  scale   photographs   of  \ 
the  most  interesting  glass  in  this  church  see  '  The  < 
Stained  Glass  of  Great  Malvern  Priory  Church,' 
photographed   by  Sydney   A.   Pitcher,    with    de- 1 
scriptive  notes   by  G.  McNeil    Rushforth,    M.A.,  I 
F.S.A.) 


doubtless  Donne,  though  I  grant  that  he 
made  three  syllables  of  the  Lady  Magdalen 
Herbert's  Christian  name  !  " 

In  going  through  the  registers  of  the 
parish  church  of  Oldham,  Lancashire,  a 
few  days  after  Canon  Macleane's  letter  ap- 
peared in  The  Church  Times  (March  18, 1921), 
I  came  across  two  entries  in  the  eighteenth 
century  which  support  his  view  as  to  the 
late  date  of  the  pronunciation  Mag-da-len. 

1738.  November  30.  Buried.  Maudlin  wile 
of  Albain  Brierley  of  Bardsley  Brow. 

1770.     December   6.     Married.      Thomas  Mills 
coal -miner  to  Maudlen  Brierley,  spinster. 
And  in  two  later  baptismal  entries  the  chil- 
dren are  styled  sons  of  "  Thomas  Mills  by 
Maudlen  his  wife."         F.   H.   CHEETHAM. 

54,  Sussex  Road,  Southport. 

A  PROJECTED  ESCAPE  OF  NAPOLEON 
FROM  ST.  HELENA. — The  following  letter 
from  Sergeant  John  Beard  to  the  late  Mr. 
S.  R.  Townshend  Mayer  concerns  a  pro- 
jected escape  of  Bonaparte  from  St.  Helena. 
This  letter  is  given  in  the  "  vernacular  " 
of  the  writer. 

I  should  explain  that  there  is  no  relation- 
ship between  the  Sergeant  and  the  sender 
of  this  copy.  It  is  merely  a  curious  co- 
incidence in  nomenclature.  The  letter 
came  into  my  hands  through  the  means  of 
Mrs.  S.  R.  Townshend  Mayer. 

St.  Helena  Cottage,  Cheltenham  Road, 

Nr.  Gloucester,  Dec.  2,  '76. 

Dear  Sir, — Since  I  received  your  letter  with 
the  magazines  I  have  lost  my  dear  wife  which 
was  the  reason  of  my  delay.  I  noticed  in  the 
Gloucester  Mercury  of  the  death  of  Joseph  Pitman, 
late  of  the  66th  Regiment,  and  on  Monday,  the 
21st  of  Augt.  I  delivered  to  the  Editor  of  the 
Mercury  to  put  in  his  next  Issue,  which  was 
Augt.  26th  which  you  saw  in  the  Gloucester 
Journal,  but  that  was  not  printed  most  likely 
untill  September  in  the  Journal,  what  you  saw 
concerning  me  was  the  26th  Augt.  or  at  least  it 
should  be  so.  Dear  Sir,  with  respect  to  Frank 
Stewart  I  have  som  recollection  of  him,  Admiral 
Las  Cass  [Las  Cases  ?]  and  two  others  was 
banished  from  St.  Helena,  it  was  rumerd  at 
time  they  was  put  on  some  oninhabited  iland, 
but  I  do  not  believe  so.  Every  Guard  Mounting, 
the  General  Orders  was  read  to  those  a -mounting 
Guard,  any  Officer,  Non-Commisioned,  or 
Soldiers  that  was  guilty  of  aiding  or  asisting  in 
the  escape  of  the  then  General  Boneyparty  or 
Napoleon,  was  to  be  tried  by  General  Court 
Marshal  to  suffer  Death  or  such  other  punishment 
as  should  be  awarded,  it  was  the  night  it  was 
reported  that  Bonny  was  to  make  his  escape  in 
a  hen-cub  (hen-coop  !  !).  J  was  Serjeant  of 
Gregory's  Battery  Guard,  not  a  move  was  heard 
during  the  night,  there  was  not  a  landing  plac<> 
around  the  Iland,  but  was  well  guarded.  A 
Man  of  War,  Brig,  or  some  Ship  was  erasing 


»  a  vin.  MAT  7,1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


round  the  Hand,  the  Officer  in  charge  of  Napoleon 
was  Major  Popelton  of  my  Begt.,  the  53rd.  Dear 
Sir,  I  beg  to  state  I  was  discharged  with  24  years 
Service  and  20  years  in  the  Gloucester  Com- 
[p]any  of  Pensioners,  my  character  in  the  British 
Army  was  that  of  a  very  good  and  a  most  deserv- 
ing soldi  >r,  I  can  say  I  served  under  four  crown 
Heads.  Dear  Sir,  I  am  not  up  to  the  mark  now 
at  age  of  81  years  to  write  as  my  sight  is  very  dim. 
I  return  you  my  best  thanks  for  the  two  magazins. 
I  remain,  Dear  Sir,  Your  Obedient  Servant, 

(Signed)     JOHN  BKABD, 
late  Serjeant  the  Boyal  Pension  Staff. 
N.  T.  BEARD. 

EDMUND  HYDE  HALL'S  '  NOTES  UPON 
CARNARVONSHIRE.'  —  Descriptive  writers 
besides  touring  jotters  have  dilated  on  this 
county.  Deserving  of  mention  is  the 
recently  issued  '  Manual,'  by  Prof.  J.  E. 
Lloyd,  in  the  Cambridge  Series  of  County 
Geographies.  Nicholas  Owen's  '  Sketch 
History  '  appeared  1792,  and  the  antiquary, 
the  Rev.  Peter  Bailey  Williams's  '  Tourists' 
Guide  through  the  County,'  1821.  As 
specialistic  prize-essay  dissertations  are 
nameable  A.  W.  Harker's  '  Carnarvon- 
shire and  Associated  Rocks,'  and  J.  E. 
Thomas's  '  Geographical  and  Geological  De- 
scription,' while  J.  E.  Griffith  and  Dr.  Lloyd 
Williams  dealt  with  the  peculiar  flora  of  the 
county. 

The    existence    of    an    early     unknown 
pioneer  and  a  conscientious  laborious  com-  j 
piler,   Edmund  Hyde  Hall,   whose  love  of  i 
research,  equipment  and  output  were  con- 
siderable,  should  not  escape  notice.     This  i 
observant     annalist     tramped     the     whole 
county,    covering   over   2,000  miles,   indus- 
triously   and    methodically    gathered    facts, 
and  strove  to  verify  assertions.     The  com- 
pleted comprehensive  conspectus  of  '  Notes 
upon  Carnarvonshire^--ewTftnged  and  intended 
for  publication,  has  remained  unpublished,  j 
and  the   entire  MS.   is   in  private  hands — 
intact,    but    the    Clynnog   portion    missing, ! 
though    doubtless    recoverable.     Composite 
materials,  succinctly  strung  together,  marked 
an     advance     on     anything     preceding     it. 
A    circulated    prospectus,    which    detailed; 
the   general   scope   of   the   work,   bore   the 
paged      imprint     Broster,      Bangor.     Next,  I 
written  sheets  contain  a  list  of  subscribers! 
and  paid  and  unpaid  entries.     A  synopsis 
of   contents   under   divisional   heads    is    in- 
teresting.    Prominence  is  given  to  a  quest- 
ion   from    John   Speed.     A  sepia   vignette 
by  Isaac  Wells  is  assigned  for  the  title  page, 
exhibiting  a  coast  headland  and  a  finger- 
post   at    a    bifurcation    of    country    roads. 


Subscribers  were  promised  a  coloured  fac- 
simile of  a  Welsh  landscape  reduced  from 
the  original  painting  of  an  artist  of  European 
renown. 

In  the  order  of  sequence  a  dialized  diagram 
schedules  various  parishes  for  treatment  in 
their  respective  cantrefs  or  hundreds, 
uniquely  spaced  out  in  separate  allocative 
foolscap  sheets.  Interspersed  also  is  a 
,  hand-coloured  grouping  showing  the  heights 
of  the  mountainous  range  stretching  from 
Penmaenmawr  to  the  sisterly  rivals  out- 
side Carnarvon  bar.  Outlined  hand-drawn 
county  and  road  maps  and  other 
subsections  are  thrown  in. 

Mr.  Hall's  script  was  small  and  neat  on 
both  sides  of  foolscap.  Statistical  informa- 
tion was  well  set  out  together  with  tabulated 
particulars  of  taxation  on  the  returnable 

1809  basis,  &c.,  &c.     Without  adverting  to 
other  features    the  concluding    wind-up  is 
pathetic.      Writing  in  a  lowly  Dublin  room- 
dwelling,  a  cripple  and  overtaken  by  vicissi- 
tudes too  delicate  to  reveal,  he  appeals  to 
friends    and    former    Harrow    schoolmates 
loyally   to   see   to   the   publication   of   this 
monumental  undertaking. 

One  surmises  the  foregoing  dates  back  to 

1810  or     1811.     Of.   personalia     and     bio- 
graphical  information   there   are   no    clues. 
Supposition  lends  belief  to  the  West  Indies 
being  Mr.  Hall's  birthland,  possibly  Trinidad 
or  Barbados.      He    merits    a    claim    to    in- 
debtedness and  regard.     Perchance  a  reader 
can  supply  family   or   other  addenda   con- 
cerning this  scriptorial  worthy. 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 
Menai  View,  Carnarvon. 

MARRIAGES  (12  S.  v.  262;  12  S. 
viii.  188). — In  continuation  of  my  Notes 
at  these  references,  the  following  informa- 
tion may  be  found  useful  : — 

At  Edinburgh,  Feb.,  1789,  John  Morth- 
land,  Esq.,  Advocate,  to  Miss  Mary  Menzies, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Menzies,  of  Feston, 
in  the  Count  v  of  Kent. 

At  Bath,  Feb.,  1789,  Thomas  Ivie  Cook, 
Esq.,  to  Ladv  Amelia  Murray,  second  dau. 
of  3rd  Duke  of  Atholl. 

At  Auchinbowie,  Feb.,  1789,  Captain 
Ninian  Lowis,  of  the  "  Woodcot,"  East 
Indiaman,  to  Miss  Isabella  Monro,  youngest 
dau.  of  John  Monro,  Esq.,  of  Auchinbowie. 

At  London,  March,  1789,  John  Kirk- 
patrick,  Esq.,  Banker,  Isle  of  Wight,  to 
Miss  Godman,  of  Chichester. 

At  Edinburgh,  March  2nd,  1789,  William 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vm.MAY7.i92i. 


Hamilton,   Esq.,   of   Wishaw   (subsequently) 
Lord     Belhaven     and     Stenton),    to     Miss  I 
Penelope  Macdonald,  dau.  of  Ranald  Mac- 
donald,  Esq.,  of  Clanranald. 

At  Edinburgh,  Feb.  25th,  1789,  Alexander 
Duncan,  surgeon  in  Cullen,  to  Miss  Duncan, 
clau.  of  John  Duncan,  Esq.,  of  Jamaica. 

At  Hart-thorn,  Dumfries,  Sept.,  1789, 
John  Martin,  of  Kilwhanity,  to  Miss  Mary 
King. 

At  Durham,  Sept.,  1789,  Edward 
Clavering,  Esq.,  of  Berrington,  Durham, 
to  Miss  Jacobina  Leslie,  youngest  dau.  of 
Patrick  Leslie  Duguid,  of  Balquhain. 

At  Edinburgh,  Sept.,  1789,  Richard 
Hinckman,  merchant  in  Glasgow,  to  Miss 
Jane  Jaffray,  dau.  of  Provost  Jaffray, 
Stirling. 

At  London,  Sept.,  1789,  Hervey  Aston, 
Esq.,  to  the  Hon.  Miss  Ingram,  dau.  cf  the 
Earl  of  Irwin. 

At  Holyrood  House,  Sept.,  1789,  John  j 
Maclaren,  Esq.,  of  Jamaica,  to  Miss  Lea. 

At  London,  Sept.,  1789,  Thomas  Pit- 
cairne,  Esq.,  Major  of  the  17th  Regiment 
of  Foot,  to  Miss  Charlotte  Proby,  second 
dau.  of  Charles  Proby,  Esq.,  Commissioner 
at  Chatham. 

At  Edinburgh,  Sept.,  1789,  John  Johnson, 
attorney  in  Hull,  to  Mrs.  Macdowal,  widow 
of  Mr.  Macdowal,  surgeon  in  Edinburgh. 

At  Aberdeen,  Sept.,  1789,  Thomas  Black, 
druggist  in  Aberdeen,  to  Miss  Margaret 
Innes,  dau.  of  Mr.  Innes,  Commissary 
Clerk  of  Aberdeen. 

At  KirktonhiU,  Sept.  7th,  1789,  William 
Richardson,  of  St.  Vincent,  to  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  David  Gardiner. 

JAMES   SETON-ANDEESON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

BANNS  -  CUM  -  MARRIAGE  REGISTERS. —  j 
Genealogists  can  often  trace  a  marriage  toi 
some  limited  locality,  and  though  convinced  \ 
that  the  ceremony  took  place  thereabouts, ! 
fail  to  find  any  written  record  of  it. 

I  am  now  at  work  on  some  Suffolk  re- ', 
gisters  which  throw  a  little  light  on  elusive  j 
marriage  entries. 

The   earlier   banns   books   are   too    often  j 
missing,  but  here  I  found  a  torn  sheet  of  ai 
banns     book,    containing    portions    of     ten! 
forms   for   the   publication    of   banns.      Six ! 
of  these  are  torn  off,  leaving  only  a  little 
lettering  on  the  margin,   but  three  of  the ! 
remainder  are  not  only  banns,  but  banns- 
cum -marriage     registers,     signed    and    wit- 
nessed   as    well.     The  form  for  publication 


of  banns  is  duly  filled  in  and  signed, 
and  at  the  foot  of  the  form,  in  the  cramped 
space  available,  is  a  statement  that  "  This 
marriage  was  duly  solemnized  "  on  such  and 
such  a  date,  signed  by  the  contracting 
parties,  the  clergyman,  and  two  witnesses. 

These  three  marriages  took  place  in  1757 
and  1760  and  though  the  marriage  registers 
proper  of  the  parish  cover  these  dates, 
they  are  not  mentioned  in  them. 

The  marriages  are  those  of  Thomas 
Vincent  of  Wilby,  Matthew  Abbot  of  Eye, 
and  Thomas  Mark  of  Redlingfield,  all  of 
Suffolk. 

I  have  explored  many  church  chests  and 
rescued  "  slips  "  containing  entries,  omitted 
in  the  registers,  and  the  deliberate  crime 
of  "camouflaging"  a  marriage  as  banns 
conveys  a  hint  of  great  importance  to 
genealogists.  H.  A.  HARRIS. 

Thorndon,    Suffolk. 

'  How  TO  BE  HAPPY  THOUGH  MARRIED.'  - 
It  may  be  worth  recording  that  the  above 

title  of  a  work  by  the  late  Rev. Hardy, 

C.F.,  which  had  a  considerable  vogue  some 
years  ago,  was  not  original.  It  occurs 
as  the  title  of  Discourse  xxni.  in  the  fourth 
volume  of  -the  Works  of  the  Rev.  Philip 
Skelton,  Chaplain  of  the  Magdalen  Asylum, 
Dublin,  which  were  published  for  the 
benefit  of  that  institution  in  Dublin  in  1770. 

H.  L.  L.  D. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  Zoo." — The  earliest  instance  at  present 
forthcoming  is  in  a  letter  of  Macaulay's 
of  about  the  year  1847  : — "We  treated  the 
Clifton  Zoo  much  too  contemptuously" 
('Life  and  Letters,'  1878,  vol.  ii.,  p.  216). 
Can  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  furnish  earlier 
examples  ?  '  In  the  early  'thirties  of  the 
nineteenth  century  the  current  colloquialism 
was  "  the  Zoological."  C.  T.  ONIONS. 

A  BLACKSMITH'S  EPITAPH. — The  oldest 
example  I  have  of  this  epitaph  is  from  the 
tombstone  in  Walton  churchyard,  near 
Liverpool,  to  George  Miles,  blacksmith,  who 
died  in  1719.  Can  any  reader  quote  an 
earlier  one  ?  CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

204,  Hermon  Hill,  South  Wpodford,  E.I 8, 


12  s.  VIIL  MAY  ?,  mi.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


THE  YEAH  1000  A.D. — It  was  very  gene- 
rally assumed  by  writers  on  architecture 
during  the  last  century  that  the  approach 
of  the  millennial  year,  accompanied  by  the 
apprehension  that  the  end  of  the  world  was 
at  hand,  discouraged  building  and  the  repair 
of  buildings  towards  the  end  of  the  tenth 
century.  How  far  has  more  recent  re- 
search and  scholarship  upheld  this  view 
about  the  alleged  terrors  of  the  year  1000, 
and  their  consequent  influence  on  archi- 
tectural development  ?  A  few  extracts 
from  nineteenth- century  writers  may  be 
given  : — 

HAWKINS  (1813). — Towards  the  latter  part  of 
the  tenth  century  an  opinion  had  been  advanced 
by  some  persons,  that  the  world  was  intended  to 
exist  no  longer  than  one  thousand  years  from 
the  birth  of  our  Saviour.  .  .  .  Under  this 
expectation,  which,  if  well  founded,  would  have 
rendered  any  other  conduct  useless,  the  churches 
and  other  religious  edifices,  which,  at  various 
•  periods,  had  been  erected  in  most  parts  of  Europe, 
had  been  permitted  from  time  to  time  to  fall, 
for  want  of  repair,  almost  universally  into  a  stata 
of  decay.  But  in  the  year  1003,  when  the  time 
predicted  had  elapsed  without  the  accomplish- 
mtnt  of  the  prophecy,  the  Christians  in  all  parts 
of  the  world  began  to  recover  from  their  panic, 
and  vigorously  applied  themselves  to  the  repair 
of  the  old  and  the  erection  of  new  churches  and 
monasteries. 

RAM&E  (1843). — Au  dixieme  siecle  il  s'etait 
generalement  repandu  une  idee  ridicule  qui 
contribua  puissamment  a  laisser  tomber  en 
decadence  les  arts  et  les  sciences.  Toute  la 
chretiente  croyait  a  la  fin  du  monde,  et  1'an  1000 
etait  designe"  comme  Fannee  fatale  ou  tout 
devait  perir.  .  .  .  Enfin  Fan  1000  arriva : 
la  peur  de  la  chretient &  fut  apaisee  lorsque,  centre 
1'attente  generate,  le  monde  se  conserva  tel  qu'U 
avait  ete  auparavant.  Alors  une  nouvelle  ardeur 
de  batir  s'empara  des  esprits  ;  on  repara  a 
1'instant  les  a.nciennes  eglises  .menacees  de  de- 
struction par  le  temps. 

BLOXAM  (1845).— At    this  epoch  also  the  ex- 
pectation of  the  destruction  of  the  world,  at  the 
expiration   of  a   thousand   years   from  the   first  i 
advent  of  our  Lord,  which  notion,  as  the  close  j 
of  the   tenth   century  approached,   had  become  < 
prevalent   amongst   many,    having    proved    un-  ' 
founded,   many   churches,   which   had   in   conse- 
quence  of   that  belief  been   suffered   to   fall  to 
•decay,   were   repaired,   and  a   new   impulse   was 
given  to  the  erection  of  others. 

PARKER  (1849). — It  is  most  probable  that  at 
this  period  the  Christians  in  England  partook 
of  the  general  belief  of  Christendom  that  the 
world  was  to  come  to  an  end  in  the  year  1000, 
and  of  the  lethargy  which  accompanied  that 
belief. 

CORROYEB  (1887). — L'an     1000    est    une    date  I 
celebre    dans    Fhistoire     des     terreurs     supersti- 
tieuses    du    moyen    age.     C'  etait    une    croyance  j 
universelle  au  Xe  siecle  que  le  monde  devait.  finir 
1'an  1000  de  F Incarnation.     .     .     .    Mais  lorsque 
la  date  fatale  eut  passe  sans  tenir  ses  sombres 


promesses,  Fhumanite  se  sentit  renaftre  et  revivre. 
Alors  d'innombrables  pclerinages  et  de  magnifiquej? 
edifices  sont  nes  en  Europe  de  ce  grand  mouve- 
ment  de  foi  religieuse. 

Thus  the  writers  of  the  last  century, 
more  or  less  echoing  one  another.  But 
now  comes  M.  Justin  de  Pas,  secretary 

;  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Morinia, 
who  pokes  fun  at  the  *'  romantic  imagina- 
tion "  of  the  older  writers,  and  in  a  book 
published  at  St.  Omer  in  1914  writes  ; — 

Xous  savons  malheureusement  (ou  heureuse- 
ment)  que  les  terreurs  de  Fan  mil  n'ont  existe 
que  dans  Fimagination  des  chroniqueurs  qui 

,  les  ont  inventees  plusieurs  siecles  apres  Feche- 
ance  fatale,  et  qu'on  peut  les  releguer  sans 
scrupule  au  rang  des  vieilles  lunes. 

Hence  my  question.  Is  M.  de  Pas  justi- 
fied in  his  apparently  very  definite  opinion  ? 
My  own  books  do  not  furnish  a  reply, 
and  I  write  at  a  distance  of  twenty  miles 
from  a  good  reference  library.  F.  H.  C. 

OLD  NOVELS  AND  SONG-BOOKS. — I  shall  be 
extremely  glad  to  have  any  reader  t-jll  me 
who  wrote  the  following  novels,  and  also 
inform  me  where  I  shall  be  likely  to  find 
the  books  at  the  present  day  : — 

Fatherless  Fannie' — published  circa  1860. 

Nan  Darrell,  or  the  Gypsy  Mother ' — circa 
1860. 

A  Royal  Bride.' 

Isola.' 

Badly  Matched.' 

In  Rank  Above  Him.' 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  last  four 
novels  appeared  originally  in  The  Young 
Ladies'  Journal  during  the  late  'seventies 
and  early  'eighties. 

I  shall  also  be  glad  to  know  where  I  can 
buy  the  Song-Books  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barney 
Williams,  two  popular  English  singers  of 
60  years  ago.  ROBERT  J.  O'DONNELL. 

Morris  Run,  Penna. 

NAPOLEON  AND  LONDON. — At  the  cen- 
tenary of  the  death  of  Napoleon  it  may  be 
possible  to  settle  the  query  whether  he  was 
ever  in  London.  Some  years  ago  a  corre- 
spondence appeared  in  The  Standard  in 
which  Mr.  John  Burns  stated  that  there 
was  evidence  to  this  effect,  the  suggestion 
being  that,  as  a  young  man,  Napoleon 
accompanied  his  friend  Talma,  the  actor, 
to  England,  and  sought  an  appointment 
under  the  East  India  Company.  Certain 
writers  were  quoted  to  confirm  this,  but 
Lord  Rosebery  informed  me  that  he  could 
not  accept  it.  J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101,  Piccadilly. 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2S.viii.MAY7,io2i.- 


WEATHERALL. — I  shall  be  much  obliged 
if  anyone  can  give  me  particulars  of  the 
family  of  this  name  showing  the  connexion 
therewith  of  Grace  Lady  Smith,  who  died 
in  1832,  and  who  was  the  wife  of  General 
Sir  John  Smith,  G.C.H.,  Colonel  Comman- 
dant, Royal  Horse  Artillery ;  he  died  in 
1837.  CHRISTOPHER  W.  BAYNES,  BT. 

27,  Lowndes  Square,  S.W.I. 


ALIENS     IN    NORTHAMPTONSHIRE,      SIX- 
TEENTH   CENTURY. — Can    anyone    tell    me 
!  if    there    Were  any   settlements    of     aliens, 
|  Huguenots   or   other,   in  Northamptonshire 
i  during  the  first  half  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
also  if  such  aliens  would  be  likely,    in  the 
!  absence  of  any  chapels  of  their  own,  to  be- 
!  come  members  of  the  Church. 

R.  MERIVALE. 


CULVER     HOLE,     GOWER,     GLAMORGAN-  | 
SHIRE. — Perhaps  some  South  Wales  reader  i 
could  tell  me,  or  put  me  in  the  way  of  finding  j 
out,    about    the    Culver    Hole    in    Gower, 
Glamorganshire.     The   cliff  has   been   built 
up   several   hundred  feet   and   inside   there 
is  a  network  of  passages.     This  wild  coast 
was    famous,    or    infamous,    for    smuggling 
and   wrecking,   but   I   have   not   been  able 
to  find  out  any  records  or  detailed  account. 

H.   E.   JAMES. 

Magdalene  College,  Cambridge. 

SIMEON  MUSGRAVE. — Can  any  correspon- 
dent of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give  me  particulars  of 
the  parentage  of  Simeon  Musgrave,  or  the 
maiden  name  of  his  wife  Hester,  by  whom 
ha  had — ?  inter  olios — a  son  Simeon,  baptized 
in  St.  George's  Chapel,  Mayfair,  London, 
March  30,  1742  ? 

Was  he  the  son  of  Simon  Musgrave 
who  died  in  the  East  Indies  in  1756  ? 

WM.   JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  Co.  Down. 

MARY  BENSON,  alias  MARIA  THERESA 
PHIPOE. — Maria  Theresa  Phipoe,  of  Hans 
Square,  Brompton,  was  on  April  15,  1795, 
brought  to  Bow  Street,  charged  by  John 
Courtois,  of  Oxenden  Street,  with  having 
obtained  from  him  a  note  for  £2,000  under  a 
threat  and  attempt  to  cut  his  throat.  She 
was  committed  for  further  examination, 
and  on  May  23  was  found  guilty  of  felony. 
On  February  23,  1796,  however,  at  the  Old 
Bailey  sessions,  Mr.  Justice  (William  Henry) 
Ashurst  found  that  her  case  did  not  come 
within  Stat.  2  Geo.  II.,  cap.  25,  and  that 
the  judgment  against  her  must  be  rescinded. 
On.  April  9  following  she  was  tried  for  the 
assault  on  Courtois,  found  guilty,  and  on 
April  11,  1796,  sentenced  to  12  months' 
imprisonment.  On  December  8,  1797,  Mary 
Benson,  alias  Maria  Theresa  Phipoe,  was 
tried  for  the  murder  of  Mary  Cox,  her 
intimate  friend,  and  .found  guilty.  She 
was  executed  on  Monday  the  llth.  Has 
any  account  of  this  interesting  criminal 
been  written  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


FIRE  PICTURES. — I  have  in  my  collection 
of  Fire  Pictures  one  representing  the 
burning  of  H.M.S.  Bombay,  which  I  am 
informed  took  place  at  Monte  Video. 

I  should  be  so  much  obliged  if  any  reader 
could  give  me  any  information  as  to  the 
date  and  circumstances  of  the  fire  and  also 
if  there  were  any  other  of  H.M.  ships  in  the 
harbour  at  the  time,  and,  if  so,  their  names. 
In  my  picture  there  are  two  other  ships, 
apparently  men-of-war.  The  burning  ship 
appears  to  be  a  frigate,  but  as  only  one  mast, 
is  standing  I  cannot  be  sure. 

C.  F.  Fox,  Lieut. -Colonel. 

REFORMATIONS  OF  THE  CALENDAR — -At 
the  time  of  the  reformation  of  the  Julian 
Calendar,  in  1582,  ten  days — those  between 
October  4  and  October  15 — were  omitted 
for  the  purpose  of  rectification.  Similarly 
in  1752  eleven  days  were  omitted.  The 
reason  commonly  assigned  is  that  error 
had  arisen  by  accounting  as  Leap  Years 
those  terminal  years  of  the  centuries  ending 
in  00,  of  Which  the  significant  digit,  or 
digits,  Were  not  multiples  of  four. 

If  this  explanation  had  been  entirely 
sufficient,  eleven  days  should  have  been 
omitted  in  1582  and  twelve  in  1752  ;  for 
the  century  years  that  could  have  caused 
error  were  100,  200,  300,  500,  600,  700r 
900,  1000,  1100,  1300,  1400,  1500. 

What  is  the  true  explanation  ? 

Does  any  English  manual  give  the  various 
forms  of  the  Cisiojanus,  with  explanation 
of  their  uses  ?  J.  C.  WHITEBROOK. 

24,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C. 

FARNDON  COMMUNION  CUP. — At  Farndon,. 
near  Chester,  is  a  plain  oviform  cup,  dated 
1840,  bearing  the  following  inscription : — 

Received  in  exchange  for  a  Cup  the  Gift  of 
John  Speed  to  the  Church  of  Farndon. 

As  it  seems  probable  that  the  cup  given 
by  Speed  bears  an  inscription  to  that  effect, 
we  should  like  to  know  where  it  is,  even  if 
it  cannot  be  restored  to  the  church  for  which 
it  was  originally  bought.* 

W.  F.  JOHN  TIMBRELL. 

Coddington  Rectory,  Chester. 


12  s.  vin. MAY  7)  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


EPIGRAMMATISTS. — The  following  epi- 
grammatists are  quoted  in  Wright's  '  Delitiae 
Delitiarum,'  1637,  of  whom  I  have  not  been 
able  to  find  any  record.  1  should  be  grate- 
ful for  their  un-Latinized  names  and  at  any 
rate  their  death-dates  : — (1)  Raph.  Macen- 
tinus  ;  (2)  Timotheus- Polus  ;  (3)  Georgius 
Thurius,  a  Hungarian  ;  (4)  Jacobus  Roe- 
grius ;  (5)  Franciscus  Remundus. 

SLEUTH-HOUND. 

CATHERINOT:  EPIGRAMMATA. — In  1664  was 
published  at  Bourges  '  Nicolai  Catharini 
Epigrammatum,'  Libri  vi.,  vn.,  vm. 
Can  anyone  tell  me  when  and  where  the 
earlier  books  were  published  and  whether' 
there  were  any  subsequent  ones  ?  N. 
Catherine  t,  Sieur  de  Coulons,  died  in  1688. 

SLEUTH  -HOUND  . 

GRIFFITH. — Philip     Griffith,    born     Nov. 
7,    1808,   Robert   John   Griffith,   born  Nov.; 
13,    1809,   and  John  Delane   Griffith,   born 
June  1,  1812,  were  admitted  to  Westminster 
School   in   September,    1820.     I   should   be  I 
gl^d  of  any  information  concerning  them. 

G.   F.   R.  B. 

GAGE. — Could  any  correspondent  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  help  me  to  identify  the  following 
members  of  this  family  who  were  educated 
at  Westminster  School  ?— (1)  H.  H.  Gage, 
who  was  at  the  school  in  1782  ;  (2)  Henry 
Gage,  who  was  there  from  1813  to  1817;! 
and  (3)  W.  H.  Gage,  who  was  at  the  school 
in  1796.  G.  F.  R,  B. 

"  CLUB  "  VERSUS  "  SOCIETY." — Will  some 
one  learned  in  such  matters  define  clearly 
the  difference  between  a  Club  and  a  Society  ? 
Is  it  that  in  a  Club  every  member  is  personally 
responsible  for  its  good  conduct,  and  in  a 
Society  the  council  or  committee  protects 
members  from  personal  responsibility.  This 
affects  archselogical  societies  and  other 
learned  bodies  and  will  interest  many  readers. 

ANTIQUARY. 

HENRY  BELL  OF  PORTINGTON. — On  the 
memorial  tablet  in  the  church  at  Eastrington 
in  Yorkshire  to  Henry  Bell  of  Portington, ! 
Esquire,  who  died  on  December  18,  1816,  it 
is  recorded  that  he  was  a  friend  of  John 
Wesley.  In  Wesley's  diary,  however,  he 
is  not  mentioned,  nor  have  I  been  successful 
in  my  search  for  mention  of  him  in  other 
books  relating  to  Wesley  or  his  doings. 
Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  any- 
thing about  any  mention  of  Henry  Bell  in 
any  works  relating  to  the  life  of  the  great 
divine  ?  LEBEL. 


J.  YOUNG  PINNET. — I  should  be  glad  of 
any  information  about  J.  Young  Pinnet, 
landscape  painter,  c.  1790.  Whether  the 
above  is  the  date  of  birth,  death,  or  painting 
of  a  picture  is  not  known.  PRISCILLA. 

STATE  TRIALS  IN  WESTMINSTER  HALL. — 
In  the  great  State  trials  in  Westminster 
Hall,  some  order,  or  precedent,  was  probably 
always  observed  as  to  the  part  of  the  Hall 
where  the  judges  were  benched  ;  where  the 
accused  stood,  and  where  the  jury  sat.  Is 
there  any  old  print  illustrating  these 
positions  ?  G.  B.  M. 

REFERENCE  WANTED. — Can  anyone  give  me 
the  reference  for  the  following  quotation  from 
Cicero  ?  "  Nescire  quid  antequam  natus  sis 
accident,  id  est  semper  esse  puerum." 

SLEUTH-HOUND. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED. — Can  any 
correspondent  tell  me  where  the  following  quota- 
tion is  to  be  found  ? — 

These  are  not  dead,  their  spirits  never  die. 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


"  JUAN    DE    VEGA  "  : 
CHARLES  COCHRANE. 

(12  S.  viii.  308,  356.) 

MR.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE'S  reply  induces 
me  to  recall  two  references  to  this  curious 
personality.  Mr.  T.  Frost,  in  his  '  Re- 
miniscences of  a  Country  Journalist,'  narrates 
that  when  Beulah  Spa  Gardens,  Upper 
Norwood, .  Wrere  a  fashionable  resort,  with 
pump-room,  rosery,  archery-ground,  maze, 
&c.,  there  appeared  a  handsome  young  man 
known  as  "  the  Spanish  Minstrel,"  Who 
sang  love -lyrics  on  the  lawn.  He  had  a 
dark  complexion,  a  good  voice,  and  wore 
an  ample  cloak,  turban  hat,  and  accom- 
panied himself  on  the  guitar.  (Boase  says 
Cochrane  was  in  Hungarian  costume,  but 
this  is,  I  think,  a  mistake.)  Frost  adds 
that  there  was  a  great  mystery  about  his 
identity,  but  it  Was  never  cleared  up  during 
his  stay  at  Beulah  Spa.  Subsequently, 
however,  Charles  Cochrane  appeared  in 
society  as  the  husband  of  a  wealthy  widow' 
and  many  persons  recognized  him  as  the 
"  Spanish  Minstrel "  of  Beulah  Spa.  He 
subscribed  largely  to  charitable  societies, 
organized  the  corps  of  stre3t  sweepers,  and 
entertained  the  design  of  associating  himself 


372  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vm.MAY7,i92i. 


With    the    movement    for    the    extension    of    it  became  a  matter  of  conversation  that  our  old 
the  franchise.  friend    Leander  had    again  become  popular,  not 

Shortly  after  the  French  Revolution   of   ??  *  f^^J^  a*  a  SS^f  ?f  £********• 

-irno   r^     -i  11  i  •  •    -j  •   i-          tnat  ne  naa  stood  a  contested  election  and   m 

1848  Cochrane  called,  on  his  own  initiative,    the   name    of   had   been   triumphantly   re- 

a   meeting  in   Trafalgar   Square   for   March    turned  as   a  member   of  the   British   House   of 
6,   1848,  to  protest  against  the  income-tax.    Commons. 

He  was  Warned  by  the  authorities  that  the  Now  it  is  true  that  .Charles  Cochrane 
meeting  Would  be  suppressed  and  did  not  stood  as  a  Liberal  candidate  for.  West- 
appear.  A  large  crowd  of  Chartists  and  minster  in  1847,  and  Was  very  nearly  suc- 
others  assembled,  and  G.  W.  M  Reynolds,  cessful,  and  it  may  Well  have  been  that 
the  novelist,  mounting  a  wall,  delivered  a  writing  many  years  afterwards  this  had 
violent  speech  which  made  him  the  popular  been  exaggerated  into  his  actual  return 
hero  of  the  hour,  introduced  him  to  the  i  as  M.P.  I  suggest,  therefore,  that  he  was 
Chartist  movement,  and  led  to  the  establish-  the  hero  of  this  serio-comic  adventure  on 
ment  of  Reynolds' s  Newspaper.  Trafalgar !  Richmond  Hill  Terrace. 
Square  Was  cleared  by  the  police  by  force,  j  From,  the  fact  that  he  died  in  Nelson 
and  many  arrests  Were  made.  i  Square,  Blackfriars  Road,  Which  even  in 

There  is  contained  in  a  local  publication    1855  was  an  unfashionable  neighbourhood, 
called     '  Richmond    Notes,'     published    in   I  assume  that  the  wealthy  widow's  money 
December,     1885,     another    account    of    a   had  mainly  vanished.       R.  S.  PENGELLY. 
mysterious    minstrel    Which    I    expect    also        12,  Poynders  Road,  Clapham  Park. 

refers  to  one  of  Charles  Cochrane's  appear-  i  

ances.     The  date  is  given  as  1833,  but  that 

may  be  a  mistake,  for  "Juan  de  Vega's"!  MONTE  CRISTO  (12  S.  viii.  229). — As 
book  Was  published  in  1830  and  his  tour  this  question  is  constantly  coming  up,  and 
was  made  in  1828-9.  This  Richmond  as  it  was  settled  by  Dumas  himself  in  the 
narrative  tells  of  one  "  Leander  "  or  "  The  preface  to  one  of  his  less  well-known  books, 
Wandering  Minstrel,"  who  appeared  in  a !  '  The  Company  of  Jehu,'  I  think  it  would 
troubadour's  garb  with  a  guitar  every  |  be  worth  While  to  print  what  he  says  on  the 
evening  on  Richmond  Hill  Terrace.  It  subject.  After  some  remarks  on  his  care- 
was  Whispered  that  he  Was  a  great  nobleman  fulness  as  to  facts  he  goes  on  to  say  : — 
in  disguise  exercising  his  talents  to  Win  a ;  That  gives  such  a  character  of  truth  to  what  I 
%vager,  and  he  Would  never  receive  any  write  that  the  personages  I  plant  in  certain 
humbler  offering  than  silver  coins  from  his  P^ces  seem  to  grow  there;  and  some  people  Jaye 
Audiences.  His  entertainments  became  so  ^^^^^^^£S^^ 
popular  With  the  upper  and  middle  classes  them.  With  regard  to*  this,  "i  shall  tell  you  a 
of  Richmond  and  the  neighbourhood  that  little  thing  in  confidence,  my  dear  readers, 
tne  Watermen  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  found  only  don't  repeat  it.  I  do  not  wish  to  injure 


no  demand  for  their  boats.   They  accordingly   Cry™;  % 

j         •  ,-,  .         .  I7     •  ,        °     P      OUt     It    VOU   gO     tO    J\j.o,ii3ciiico    mev     win   BIIUVV    yuu 

arranged  with  a  Workman  in  the  employ  of  Morel's  house  on  the  Cours,  Mercedes'  house 
»  tradesman  in  the  town,  Who,  dressed  in  at  the  Catalans,  and  the  dungeons  of  Dantes 
an.  exact  copy  of  the  "  Wandering  Min-  |  and  Faria  at  the  Chateau  d'If. 
strel's"  attire,  every  evening  sang  vulgar  T  When  I  brought  out  'Monte  Cristo'  at  the 
songs  and  absurd  parodies  to  the  accom-  dpa^g£  oflh^ChlleL  d^wWclfthe^t*  me? 
pamment  of  a  guitar  quite  close  to  the  I  wanted  it  for  the  scene-painter.  The  artist  to 
original  "  Minstrel."  This  burlesque  at-  whom  I  had  written  not  only  sent  me  the  sketch, 
tracted  large  numbers  of  the  "  lower  classes,"  but  he  did  more  than  I  had  ventured  to  ask  of 
Whose  noise  completely  ruined  the  more  Sjj  he  wrote  underneath  it :/' View  of  the 
refined  entertainment  of  "  Leander."  One  gS£2u  d  If  °n  the  Slde  from  whlch  Dautes  was 
evening  there  Was  a  regular  scuffle  between  ;  I  have  heard  since  that  a  worthy  fellow,  a  guide 
the  partisans  of  the  two  "  Leanders,"  in  !  attached  to  the  Chateau  d'If,  sells  pens  of  fish- 
Which  a  Richmond  belle  struck  the  spurious  !  }>one.s  made  by  the  Abbe  Faria  himself.  Un- 
one  -with  TIPT*  -naracjnl  TV>o  vi'^f  "«r>if^  f^  I  iuckily,  Dantes  and  the  Abbe  Faria  never  existed 
r  parasol.  Ine  riot  Wn ich  tol-  e  t  in  imagination  ;  consequently,  Dantes 
owed  ended  the  appearances  of  the"  Wan-  could  not  have  been  flung  from  the  top  to  the 
clermg  Minstrel  "  ;  the  Watermen  had  Won.  bottom  of  the  Chateau  d'If,  neither  could  the 

There  is  no  evidence  so  far  that  this  was   £b£*J  vStYoIaliSes1.6  ^    But  ^  iS  ^ 
Charles  Cochrane,  but  the  narrator  concludes  !  AVERX  PARDOE. 

by  saying  that  years  afterwards  Toronto,  Ont. 


12  s.  viii.  MAY  7, 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  373 

SIR  THOMAS  CHALONEB(12  S.  viii.  329). —  ROBERT  WHATLEY  :  JAMES  STREET, 
In  J.  E.  S.'s  inquiry,  reprinted  at  the  above |  WESTMINSTER  (12  S.  viii.  243,  333.) — There 
reference,  it  is  suggested  that  the  Latin  j  is  confirmation  of  the  correctness  of  the 
verses  under  a  portrait  of  Sir  Thomas  I  suggestion  of  M.  E.  W.  in  the  following 
Chaloner  the  elder  were  written  by  Sir  extracts  from  the  letters  of  Charles  Lamb : — 
Thomas  himself,  and  that  some  one  who  In  his  letter  to  Charles  and  James  Oilier, 
is  in  possession  of  his  '  De  illustrium  quorun-  \  dated  June  18,  1818,  Lamb  directs  that 
dam  encomiis  miscellanea,  cum  epigrammatis  i  a  copy  of  his  '  Works  '  should  be  sent  to 


[not  -epigrammatitnis],  ac  epitaphiis  non 
nullis  '  might  be  able  to  supply  a  copy  of 
the  epigram  in  question.  Possessing  the 
work  mentioned,  which  is  printed,  with 
a  separate  title  page,  at  the  end  of  the 


"  Mr.  Ayrton,  James  Street,  Buckingham 
Gate."  In  another  (undated)  to  Thomas 
Allsop  he  writes:  "  M.B.'s  [Martin Burney's] 
direction  is  26,  James  Street,  Westminster  " 
— James,  not  St.  James,  Street. 


volume  containing  his   '  De  Rep.  Anglorum  S.  BUTTERWORTH. 

instauranda'  (London,  Thomas  Vautrollier.  {  .__    0 

1579),  I  can  say  that  it  does  not  offer  n  CHURCHES  OF  ST  MICHAEL  (12  S  viii. 
the  lines  that  appear  under  the  portrait.  ;  i90'  231'  298'  .336).— It  seems  to  have 
Is  there  any  direct  evidence  to  indicate  bf en  customary  in  early  times  to  dedicate 
their  author  ?  EDWARD  BENSLY.  churches  on  the  top  of  a  hill  and  on  the 

site   of  a  pagan  temple  to  St.   Michael  to 

ARCHBISHOP  TILLOTSON  AND  THE  LAST  signify  the  defeat  of  Paganism  by  the  angel 
bACRAMENTS  (12  S.  viii.  331).— The  plural  hosts  of  Christianity,  of  whom  St.  Michael 

bacraments  is,  presumably,  a  mistake  \  was  the  chief.  But  there  were  other 
of  the  writer  in  The  CornhilL  Further,  reasons  for  building  churches  in  his  honour. 
Queen  Mary  could  not- possibly  have  been  i  Thus,  for  instance,  his  name  is  closely 


ministered  to  on  her  death-bed  by  Arch- 
bishop Tillotson,  as  he  had  died  on  the  22nd 
of  the  previous  month. 


connected  with  springs  of  water,  the  reason 
being  that  angelic  agency  was  associated 
with  a  source,  especially  wrhen  it  had 


As  may  be  seen  in  Burnets  'History jhealing  properties.  On  Sept,  6  (O.S., 
of  his  Own  Times,  it  was  from  Archbishop  i  the  Greek  church  honours  St.  Michael  in 
lemson,  who  had  acquainted  her  With  the j  connexion  with  a  stream  at  Chonae  in 
danger  she  was  in,  that  she  received  the !  Phrvgia.  So  many  miracles  had  occurred 
Sacrament  on  the  day  before  her  death.  in  a  church  there  that  the  pagans  resolved 
She  died  not  in  1692,  but  in  1694  (Dec.  28).  to  destroy  it  by  diverting  the  stream  into 
EDWARD  BENSLY.  ;  another  channel  so  that  it  might  sweep 

The  date  1692  must  be  a  misprint  for  away  the  sacred  building.  But  St.  Michael 
1694.  From  March  5  to  Oct.  18,  1692,  appeared,  smote  the  rock  with  a  bough, 
Mary  was  acting  as  sole  sovereign '  and  opened  out  a  new  bed  for  the  torrent, 
in-  these  realms  during  William's  absence  j  Hence  he  is  asked  in  a  special  prayer  to 
in  Holland.  She  was  taken  ill  of  the  small-  j  protect  the  faithful  in  the  hour  of  danger, 
pox  at  Kensington,  Dec.  21,  1694,  and  The  church  in  the  Via  Salaria  is  also  famous 
died  Dec.  28,  in  the  33rd  year  of  her  |  for  its  spring. 

age,  and  the  sixth  of  her  reign.  Archbishop  |  Again,  churches  were  consecrated  to 
Tillotson  predeceased  her,  dying  on  Nov.  22,  j  him  in  the  spirit  of  imitation.  Thus,  on 
1694,  at  Lambeth,  of  paralysis,  in  the  65th  the  Bosporus,  there  was  once  a  group 
year  of  his  age.  It  is  therefore  impossible  of  churches  known  as  Michael  churches, 
that  he  could  have  attended  her  on  her  Ancient  Kiev,  the  cradle  of  Russian  Chris  - 
death-bed.  tianity,  was  at  one  time  modelled  upon 

Dr.  Thomas  Tenison  Was  translated  from  Constantinople,  and  that  no  doubt  is  a 
Lincoln  to  Canterbury,  Jan.  16,  1695.  reason  why  the  most  ancient  monastery  in 
So  there  was  no  actual  Archbishop  of  Canter-  the  city  is  consecrated  to  "  the  prince  of 
bury  during  Queen  Mary's  illness,  though  angels."  In  an  age  of  war,  St.  Michael, 
Tenison  was  Archbishop -designate  as  from ;  the  leader  of  the  Cherubim,  the  Seraphim, 
Dec.  9.  The  prelate  who  probably  was  angels  and  archangels,  and  all  the  ghostly 
present  at  the  Queen's  death-bed  was  the ,  principalities  and  powers  was  likely  to. 
Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  as  would  cast  a  potent  spell  upon  the  imagination  of 
appear  from  John  Evelyn's  '  Diary  '  under  j  the  Christian  convert, 
date  March  8,  1695.  T<  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

JOHN  B.   WAINEWRIGHT.  The  Authors'  Club,  2,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [  12  S.VIIL  MAY  7,1921. 


DEATH  or  WILLIAM  RuJFus  (12  S.  viii. 
308,  352). — In  his  '  National  and  Domestic 
History  of  England,'  W.  H.  S.  Aubrey 
writes  as  follows  : — 

No  one  could  answer  the  questions  :  no  one 
could  tell,  or  dared  to  tell.  It  is  impossible  to 
even  guess  at  the  truth,  when  the  faithful 
Eadmer,  the  eye  and  ear  witness  of  the  trans- 
actions, which  at  the  distance  of  nearly  eight 
centuries  are  narrated  from  his  words,  declares 
his  utter  inability  to  dispel  the  doubts  he  raised. 

I  think  it  is  generally  agreed  that  the 
priests  hated  William  Rufus,  and  what  they 
say  about  the  place  and  manner  of  his 
death  can  only  be  regarded  as  tainted 
evidence.  OLIVER  YEOMAN. 

OLD  SONG  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  250,  299, 
315). — The  complete  words  for  which  J.  W.  F. 
inquires  appear  in  the  Salvation  Army's 
Song  Book,  No.  798  : — 

'Tis  the  very  same  Jesus 

The   Jews  crucified. 

But  He  rose,  He  rose, 

But  He  rose,  and  went  to  Heaven  in  a  cloud. 

One  Joseph  begged  His  body, 
And  laid  it  in  the  tomb. 
But  He  rose,   &c. 

The  grave  it  could  not  hold  Him, 
For  He  was  the  Son  of  God. 
But  He  rose,   &c. 

Down  came  a  mighty  angel, 
And  rolled  away  the  stone. 
But  He  rose,   &c. 

The  earth  began  to  tremble  : 
The  Roman  soldiers  fell. 
But  He  rose,   &c. 

Poor  Mary  she  came  weeping, 
And  looking  for  her  Lord. 
But  He  rose,   &c. 

Oh,  where  have  you  laid  Him  ? 
He's  not  within  the  tomb. 
For  He  rose,   &c. 

Go  tell  to  John  and  Peter 
Their  Jesus  lives  again. 
For  He  rose,   &c. 

But,  oh,  He  said  He'd  come  again, 
And  take  His  people  Home. 
For  He  rose,   &c. 

The  song  was  introduced  by  the  Army 
from  the  Southern  States  of  America  in 
1874.  It  was  written  much  earlier  probably 
than  the  'seventies.  Whilst  in  its  style  it 
is  suggestive  of  the  negro  songs,  there  was 
nothing  in  the  "  imported  "  copy  to  indicate 
that  it  was  so.  G.  L.  CARPENTER. 


"SINGING  BREAD"  (12  S.  viii.  269,  297, 
333). — -Anyone  who  knows  what  "singing 
hinnies  "  really  are,  namely,  thickish  cakes 
made  of  very  moist  paste  containing  much 
cream,  lard  or  butter,  &c.,  and  hence  also 
called  "  fat  rascals,"  can  very  well  understand 
what  a  hissing  noise  proceeds  from  them 
while  baking  on  the  hot  girdle,  "  singing  " 
indeed,  as  is  said  of  a  kettle  "  on  the  boil." 
But  the  verb  "  sing  "  has  been  used  of  the 
recitation,  musical  or  otherwise,  of  the 
Mass  and  other  church  services,  ever  since 
before  A.D.  850 — see  '  N.E.D.'  under  sing» 
v.  3,  11.  The  wafer-bread  used  in  the 
Mass  makes  no  noise  in  the  baking,  but  is 
closely  connected  with  the  "  singing "  of 
Mass.  The  'N.E.D.'  gives  also  "singing 
cake  "  as  a  Scottish  term  for  a  cake  given 
to  singers  on  Hogmanay  or  "  Cake-day," 
the  last  day  of  the  year,  "  an  oatmeal  cake 
or  the  like."  "  Singing  hinnies  "  are,  or 
used  to  be,  supplied  to  visitors  at  the 
farmhouse  at  Finshale  Abbey,  with  plenty 
of  good  tea  and  cream  ad  libitum,  and  I 
remember  how  Bishop  Lightfoot  once 
enjoyed  some  (and  their  names)  in  my 
rooms  at  Durham.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,    Lines. 

I  think  our  old  friend  James  Pigg  would 
have  been  much  surprised  if  he  had  been 
told  there  was  any  connexion  between 
"  singin'  hinnies  "  and  the  wafer.  Readers 
of  '  Handley  Cross '  will  remember  the 
locus  classicus  where  he  describes  these 
dainties  to  the  farmer  and  his  wife,  on  the 
night  of  the  celebrated  bye -day,  when  the 
field,  consisting  of  Mr.  Jorrocks,  Pigg,  and 
Charley  Stobbs,  got  lost.  T.  F.  D. 

RESIDENCE  OF  MRS.  FITZHERBERT  (12  S. 
viii.  331). — Kelly's  Directory  of  Brighton, 
1920,  at  pp.  16/17,  says  :— 

The  mansion  so  long  inhabited  by  Mrs. 
Fitzherbert,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Old  Steine, 
was  sold  in  January,  1884,  to  the  Committee  of 
the  local  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 
Since  the  death  of  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  March  27, 
1837,  when  it  was  bought  by  the  late  Judge 
Turner,  who  resided  there  for  several  years,  the 
house  has  undergone  several  changes  in  its 
internal  arrangements,  though  externally  it 
remains  in  much  the  same  condition  as  when  it 
was  constantly  visited  by  George  IV.  and  his 
associates.  The  mansion  itself  was  built  by 
Mr.  Porden,  who  was  employed  as  an  architect 
for  part  of  the  Pavilion,  and  cost  Mrs.  Fitzherbert 
£4,000;  during  1913  it  was  restored  and  re- 
decorated, the  basement  being  adapted  for  a 
Junior  Section  and  the  Gymnasium  enlarged  at 
a  cost  of  £2,000.  The  antique  stoves,  and 
"  Adams  "  [sic]  mantelpieces  in  most  rooms  still 


12  s.  viii.  MAY  7,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


remain,  also  Mrs.  Fitzherbert's  private  oval 
chapel. 

This  latter  feature  would  appear  to  be 
conclusive. 

During  the  war  the  Y.M.C.A.  devoted  it 
to  the  Services  and  built  a  temporary  hall 
over  the  forecourt,  which  has  now  been 
demolished.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

JOHN  WILLIAM  ROSE  (12  S.  vii.  249,  374). 
— He  was  elected  Recorder  of  the  City  of 
London,  June  31,  1789,  at  a  salary  of  £600  | 
per  annum.     On  Jan.  6,  1799,  when  he  was  | 
at  Dover,  the  mansion  occupied  by  him  at  j 
Walworth  was   burnt   to   the   ground.     He ! 
married   a   daughter   of  Mr.    Sheriff   James  i 
Fenn.     He   died   suddenly   of   gout  in   the ! 
stomach     at    Peckham,     Oct.      11,      1803, 
and  was  buried   on  the    16th    at    Horsell, 
Surrey,  where  his  monument  and  that  of  his 
father-in-law  are  to  be  seen. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

TAVERN  SIGNS:  THE  QUIET  WOMAN  (12S.  \ 
viii.  170,  236,  276,  335,  354).— The  Quiet  j 
Woman  Inn  at  Earl  Sterndale,  referred  to  j 
at  the  fourth  reference,  has  as  its  sign  a  { 
decapitated  female  bust.  The  origin  of  the  j 
name  is  thus  given  in  an  advertisement  of  j 
the  inn  which  appeared  in  a  local  guide  i 
book  published  in  1897  :— 

A  former   occupant   of   this  wayside   inn   used 
to  attend  Longnor  market  weekly,  and  being  a 
man  of  regular  habits  always  returned  punctually 
at  the  same  hour.     On  one  occasion,  however,  he  ; 
was  by  some  means  delayed,  and  his  wife  becoming  ; 
anxious   sent  to   inquire   after   him.     This   gave ! 
him  great  annoyance,  and  on  his  arrival  home  he  j 
found  that  his  better  half  was  also  equally  annoyed, 
and  the  consequence  was  a  hot  debate,  so  hot ; 
that  he  left  the  house  vowing  that  if  he  could  ' 
not  have  a  Quiet  Woman  inside  he  would  outside.  \ 
He  went  and  ordered  the  sign  to  be  painted  and 
put  up  over  the  door. 

The  paragraph  is  between  quotation  marks  i 
in  the  advertisement,  so  was  probably  taken  j 
from  some  printed  source,  but  its  origin  is  I 
not  stated.  The  inn  is  about  a  mile  from  I 
Hindlow  station  on  the  railway  between  j 
Buxton  and  Ashbourne  and  near  the  Stafford- 
shire border.  F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 

54,  Sussex  Road,  Southport. 

LANCASHIRE  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (12  S.  i 
viii.  227). — Robert  Vose,  -with  sons  William} 
and  Edward  and  other  children,  settled 
in  Milton,  Massachusetts,  and  became  the! 
ancestor  of  a  numerous  family,  still  promi- ! 
nent  in  Milton  and  widely  scattered  through-  J 
out  the  United  States. 

Robert  died  in  October,  1683,  aged  84) 
years  ;  Jane,  his  wife,  in  October,  1675. ! 


William  died  Aug.  1, 1669,  and  Edward,  Jan. 
29,  1716,  in  his  80th  year. 

Tradition  in  this  family  gives  Lancashire 
as  its  place  of  origin,  and  the  many  descend- 
ants who  are  interested  in  the  family 
history  will  be  very  grateful  to  Mr.  J.  BROWN  - 
BILL  for  the  clue  to  a  more  exact  location 
contained  in  his  note  so  thoughtfully  sup- 
plied. 

There  is  a  strong  desire  on  the  part  of 
most  New  England  families  to  locate  the 
district  which  was  the  early  home  of  their 
ancestors  in  England,  and  any  clues  tend- 
ing to  establish  such  locations  will  be  brought 
to  the  attention  of  some  interested  descend- 
ant or  noted  in  some  genealogical  publica- 
tion, if  they  are  furnished  to  N.  &  Q.'  or 
forwarded  directly  to  the  undersigned. 
M.  RAY  SANBORN. 

Yale  University  Library,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

WAR  PORTENTS  (12  S.  viii.  329). — The 
waxwing,  alias  "  silk-tail,"  alias 
"  chatterer,"  alias  "  Bohemian  chatterer," 
the  Ampelis  garrulus  of  Linnaeus  and 
Bombycilla  garrulus  of  some  modern  systema- 
tists,  is  doubtless  the  bird  referred  to  by 
ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  Rev.  Charles  Swainson,  in  his  '  Folk 
Lore  and  Provincial  Names  of  British 
Birds  '  (1886),  p.  45,  states  :— 

In  German  Switzerland  the  country  people 
give  this  bird  the  names  of  Pest-  and  Sterbe- 
vogel  (i.e.,  Pest-  or  Death-bird)  ;  and  say  that 
the  Waxwing  is  only  seen  in  their  country  every 
seven  years,  and  that  war,  pestilence,  and  famine 
are  inseparable  from  its  visits.  (Schinz,  '  Fauna 
Helvetica.') 

The  waxwing  is  an  irregular  winter 
visitor  to  the  British  Isles  and  has  occurred 
in  considerable  numbers  in  1686,  1834-5, 
1849-50,  1866-7,  1872-3,  1892-3,  1903-4, 
1913-14,  and  during  the  past  winter  wax- 
wings  seem  to  have  been  more  numerous 
than  in  most  years,  though  in  nothing  like 
the  numbers  of  1913-14. 

It  is  certainly  a  curious  coincidence  that 
a  large  irruption  of  this  species  to  Great 
Britain  should  have  taken  place  in  1913-14. 
HUGH  S.  GLADSTONE. 

The  second  year  of  the  war  two  curious  grey 
birds  arrived  here.  They  apparently  nested 
in  a  big  oak-tree,  but  no  one  could  see 
them,  though  their  call  was  incessant  and 
peculiar.  They  arrived  again  in  early 
spring,  1921,  but  have  now  disappeared. 
I  believed  them  to  be  chatterers  or  wax- 
wings.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead  Place,  Barks. 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [.2S.viii.siAY7,mi. 


SMALLEST  PIG  OF  A  LITTKR  (12  S.  viii.  331). 
Cheshire  : — "  Hit,"  "  ritling,"  or  "  ruckling  " 
— given  in  the  Cheshire  word-books.  I  think 
"  ritling  "  is  the  commonest  form.  Halliwell 
says  "  ritling  "  is  in  use  in  various  districts. 

Shropshire  : —  "  Ratling,"  "  reckling," 
"rickling."  "William  aumust  al'ays  buys 
the  ratlin',  'cause  his  wife  is  sich  a  good  'and 
at  tiddin  'em  on — 'er  never  fails  to  make  a 
good  bacon  on  'em."  See  Jackson's  '  Shrop- 
shire Word -Book.' 

Kent : — "  Tantony  pig  " — Tantony  being 
a  corruption  of  St.  Anthony.  See  Grose. 
"  To  follow  like  a  Tantony  pig "  is  "to 
follow  close  on  one's  heels."  See  Hone's 
'  Everyday  Book,'  vol.  i.  p.  60. 

JOSEPH   C.   BRIDGE. 

Christ  Church  Vicarage,  Chester. 

In  Somerset  this  pig  is  called  "  nestle- 
tripe  "  (the  first  "  t  "  is  not  sounded) :  "  an 
undersized,  weakly,  sucking-pig."  Jennings 
adds  : — 

The  weakest  and  poorest  bird  in  the  nest, 
applied,  also,  to  the  last  born,  and,  usually,  the 
weakest  child  of  a  family  ;  any  young,  weak  or 
puny  child  or  bird. 

In  Devonshire  the  word  is  often  written 
"  nuzzletripe,"  but  the  ordinary  pronun- 
ciation of  the  first  syllable  is  the  same  as 
"  nest,"  which  is  oftener  sounded  "  nas  " 
than  "  nus  "  or  "  nuz," 

W.  G.  WILLIS -WATSON. 

Single's  Lodge,  Pinhoe. 

The  name  invariably  used  in  Bucking- 
hamshire is  "  dilling  "  ;  it  is  sometimes 
applied  to  other  diminutive  objects,  animate 
or  inanimate,  but  the  primary  application 
is  to  the  least  of  the  litter  of  pigs. 

VALE  OF  AYLESBURY. 

Dr.  Brewer's  '  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and 
Fable  '  supplies  "  piggy-wiggy  "  or  "  piggy- 
whidden,"  with  which  is  associated  the 
name  of  a  dwarf  in  Drayton's  '  Nymphidia.' 
According  to  the  compiler  the  diminutive 
pig  was  "  wiggy  "  also  because  of  its  paleness, 
"  whiddy  "- meaning  white.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

Co.  Cork: — "  Bonneen  "  or  "  bonnine." 
Montgomeryshire  : — Ratlin.  C.  B.  E. 

"  SOME  "  (12  S.  viii.  307).— The  same  use 
of  this  word  occurs  in  Shakespeare.  "  That 
were  some  spite,"  says  Mercutio  in  '  Romeo 
and  Juliet,'  II.  i.  28.  I  do  not  find  this 
noted  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  C.  C.  B. 

The  use  of  this  word  to  give  emphasis, 
as  in  modern  slang,  will  be  found  in  J. 
Russell  Lowell's  poem,  'The  Courtin',' 


"  Thet  night,  I  tell  ye,  she  looked  some  "- 
the  word  being  italicized  in  the  original. 

Again,  in  chap.  i.  of  '  Tom  Sawyer  '  there 
is  an  exchange  of  compliments  between 
Tom  and  another  boy,  in  which  the  former 
uses  the  expression,  "  Smarty  !  You  think 
you're  some  now,  don't  you  ?  "  Here  again 
the  word  is  printed  in  italics. 

"  I  don't  think  !  "  is  used  by  Sam  Weller, 
and  will  also  be  found  in  Kingsley's  '  Ravens- 
hoe.'  F.  .W.  THOMAS. 

THE  THAMES  RUNNING  DRY  (12  S.  viii. 
332). — Strype,  in  his  edition  of  Stow's 
'  Survey  of  London '  (i.  58),  mentions  an 
instance,  of  which  he  was  an  eye-witness, 
in  September,  1716,  when  the  water  of  the 
Thames  was  so  reduced  by  long  drought 
and  from  the  effects  of  a  W.S.W.  gale  that 
people  crossed  the  channel  on  foot  both 
above  and  below  the  bridge  and  passed 
through  most  of  the  arches. 

A  further  instance  is  given  by  Stow  in 
his  '  Annals '  and  is  quoted  by  Richard 
Thomson  in  his  '  Chronicles  of  London 
Bridge,'  p.  359: — 

Wednesday,  the  sixth  of  September  [1591],  the 
wind  West-and-by-South,  as  it  had  beene  for  the 
space  of  two  .days  before,  very  boysterous,  the 
riuer  of  Thamis  was  so  void  of  water,  by  forcing 
out  the  fresh  and  keeping  backe  the  sault,  that 
men  in  diuers  places  might  goe  200  paces  over, 
and  then  fling  a  stone  to  the  land.  A  Collier, 
on  a  mare,  rode  from  the  North  side  to  the 
South,  and  backe  againe,  on  either  side  of  London 
Bridge,  but  not  without  danger  of  drowning 
both  wayes. 

T.  B.  Redman,  in  a  paper  read  before  the 
Institute  of  Civil  Engineers  (Proceedings, 
vol.  xlix.,  Session  1876-7,  Part  iii. ),  mentions 
further  instances  of  pedestrians  crossing  the 
river-bed  near  London  Bridge,  in  the  years 
1114  and  1158,  and  again  on  Dec.  13,  1717, 
but  gives  no  authorities.  R.  L.  C. 

Does  this  help  your  correspondent  ?  I 
remember  a  particularly  dry  summer  in 
the  early  'eighties  when  I  was  in  the  habit 
of  bathing  every  morning  from  a  boat  off 
Hammersmith. 

One  morning  the  river  looked  so  low  that 
I  determined  to  see  if  I  could  walk  across. 
I  started  from  the  steps  of  Chiswick  Ferry, 
walked  to  the  end  of  the  causeway,  and 
just  managed  to  cross  on  my  toes  to  the 
other  side.  As  I  am  5ft.  6|in.  in  height  this 
means  that  the  river  was  not  more  than 
5ft.  at  its  deepest  at  that  spot. 

I  hear  it  was  very  shallow  at  Isleworth 
that  year.  WILLIAM  BULL. 

Carlton  Club. 


12  s.  vm.  MAY  7,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


A  printed  bookplate,  found  in  '  A  Collec- 
tion of  Many  Select  and  Christian  Epistles,' 
by  George  Fox,  1698,  reads  as  follows  : — 

James  Smith. 

of  Aylesbury,  in  the  County  of  Bucks. 
His  Book,  17— 

Thou  Finder  Kind, 
Have  this  in  Mind, 

For  unto  thee  it's  known. 
Within  thy  Heart, 
Who  e'er  thou  ar't, 
Each  Man  would  have  his  own. 

VALE  OF  AYLESBURY. 

SCOTCH  HANDS  (12  S.  viii.  331).— The 
earliest  reference  given  by  the  *  N.E.D.'  is 
1883,  quoting  an  article  on  cookery  in  The 


BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.   208,  253, 

278,    296,    314,    334,    350).— I    am    much 

gratified  that  my  note  at  the  first  reference 

has  produced  a  crop  of  interesting  additions 

which  is  apparently  not  as  yet  exhausted. 

One  of  its  products  has  been  that  the  lines 

copied  by  Benjamin  Bury  on  his  bookplate 

and  attributed  by  me  somewhat  unguardedly 

to  his  authorship  have  other  claimants  for 

their  originality.     Thus  as  a  latest  instance 

Mrs.     Emily    Janson    writes    from    South 

Kensington,  under  date  April  25  : — 

I  see    in  The   Guardian-  of   March    4   that   the 

lines   "  If  thou  art  borrowed  by  a  friend  "    are 

attributed  to  the  late  Benjamin  Bury.      I  have 

firm  belief  that   my  grandmother,  Martha    Hall, 

composed  them,   but  this  is  my  only    evidence. 

She  always  told  me  she  had  composed  them,  and    Girl's  Own  Paper,  in  which  the  writer    de- 
scribes the  glazing  of  a  tongue  : — "  Little  rolls 
of  butter,  made  with  the  two  little  wooden 
bats  known  as  Scotch  hands  were  laid  across." 
ARCHIBALD    SPARKE. 

Here  the  term  "  Scotch  "  appears  to  have 
no  direct  Scottish  association,  but  bears  the 
colloquial  meaning,  to  mark  or  decorate  :• — 
scotch,  to  cut  slightly ;  scote,  to  plough 
up  (vide  Halliwell's  *  Diet,  of  Archaic 
Words  ')  ;  scotch,  to  score  or  cut  (Nares, 
'  Glossary ').  Used  also  in  this  sense  by 
Izaak  Walton,  and  in  several  plays  of  Shake- 
speare, e.g.  : — 

.  .  .  We'll  beat  them  into  bench-holes, 
I  have  yet  room  for  six  scotches  more. 

'  Antony  and  Cleopatra.' 

He  scotch'd  and  notch'd  him,  like  a  carbonado. 

'  Coriolanus.' 

The  wooden  implement  used  for  shaping 
butter  conforms  roughly  to  the  shape  of  the 
human  hand  and  also  resembles  the  oaken 
horn-books  of  Shakespeare's  day. 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

COWPER  :  PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAME 
(12  S.  viii.  110,  179,  237,  299,  338).— Revert 


I  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  is  true.  Henry 
Dennett  Cole  would  only  be  14  when  my  grand- 
mother wrote  them  in  her  proofo  sheets  "  (of 
a  serial  story  in  The  Lady's  Magazine  of  1810). 

That  these  lines  under  discussion  have 
gained  a  wide  celebrity  is  clear  from  this 
correspondence,  notably  from  the  statement 
of  MR.  R.  E.  THOMAS,  but  their  authorship 
seeihs  as  liable  to  evasion  as  the  disputed 
sites  of  Brunanburgh  or  Homer's  birthplace. 
J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Eectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

In  1887  I  made  a  note  of  the  follow- 
ing lines,  at  that  time  on  the  inside  of 
the  cover  of  the  copy  of  Britton's  '  Cathe- 
dral Antiquities  '  in  the  Birmingham  Re- 
ference Library.  On  going  to-day,  however, 
to  verify  them  I  find  that  the  volumes  have 
been  rebound  and  the  lines  have  not  been 
preserved. 

To  whomsoe'er  this  book  I  lend, 

I  give  one  word — no  more  : 
They,  who,  to  borrow  condescend, 

Should  graciously  restore. 
And  whosoe'er  this  book  should  find, 

(Be't  trunk-maker  or  critick,) 
I'll  thank  him  if  he'll  bear  in  mind 
That  it  is  mine  : — George  Whitwick. 


George  Whitwick  of  Plymouth  was  born   ing  to   my   previous   note,    my   friend   has 


in  1802  and  died  in  1872.     He  carried  on  an 
extensive  architectural  practice  in  the  West 


courteously  informed  me  that  his  relatives 
were   interested   only  in  property   opposite 


of  England  and  was  the  author  of  '  The !  Cowper's  Court.  He  says  they  were  a 
Palace  of  Architecture,  a  Romance  of  Art  j  "  Cumberland  family,  and  that  the  local 
and  History,'  and  '  Hints  to  Young  Archi- !  pronunciation  is  certainly  '  Cooper.'  '  So 


tects,'  a  popular  little  book  of  which  several 
editions  have  appeared.  Whether  he  was 
the  author  of  the  above  lines  which  Mr.  R.  S. 
Mansergh  (see  the  fifth  reference)  has  adapted 
or  whether  both  have  copied  from  a  common 
source,  I  am  not  able  to  say. 

BENJAMIN  WALKER. 
Langstone,  Erdington. 


I  must,  perforce,  cry  "  Peccavi  !  "  But 
how  the  conversion  of  "  Cow  "  into  "  Coo  " 
came  about  would  seem,  as  our  eccentric 
friend  Lord  Dundreary  was  wont  to  lisp 
across  the  footlights,  to  be  "  one  of  those 
things  no  feller  can  find  out." 

CECIL  CLARKE. 
Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vm.MAY7,i92i. 


SONG  WANTED  :  'En YAK1  O'LYNN  '  (12  S. 
viii.  331). — I  append  the  words  of  the  song  j 
MB.  ELLIOT  wants,  which  I  take  from  one  of 
the  penny  song  sheets  I  pasted  in  a  book 
in  the  'sixties. 

Bryan  O'Lynn  had  no  coat  to  put  on, 
He  borrowed  a  goatskin  to  make  him  a  one. 
He  planted  the  horns  right  under  his  chin, 
They'll  answer  for  pistols  said  Bryan  O'Lynn.  ! 

Bryan  O'Lynn  had  no  breaches  to  wear 
So  he  got  him  a  sheepskin  to  make  him  a  pair. 
With  the  woolly  side  out  and  the  skinny  side  in  j 
They're  pleasant  and  cool  said  Bryan  O'Lynn.  | 

Bryan  O'Lynn  had  no  watch  for  to  wear, 

He  bought  him  a  turnip  and  scooped  it  out  fair. 

Then  he  slipped  a  live  cricket  clane  under  the  ' 

skin, 
They'll  think  its  a  ticking  said  Bryan  O'Lynn.  j 

Bryan   O'Lynn  went  to  bring  his  wife  home,  | 
He  had  but  one  horse  that  was  all  skin  and  bone. 
I'll  put  her  behind  me  as  nate  as  a  pin 
And  her  mother  before  me  said  Bryan  O'Lynn. 
Bryan  O'Lynn  and  his  wife  and  her  mother 
Were  all  crossing  over  the  bridge  together, 
The  bridge  it  broke  down,  they  all  tumbled  in, ! 
We'll  find  ground  at  the  bottom  said  Bryan  j 
O'Lynn. 

WlLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

The  full  text  of  the  Irish  ballad  on  Bryan  ! 
O'Lynn  will  be  found,  amongst  other  places,  I 
at  p.  215,  vol.  iii.,  of  'The  Poetical  Works \ 
of  Edward  V.  Kenealy,'  Lond.  ('Englishman'  i 
Office),  1879  ;  where  it  is  accompanied  by  ; 
rhyming  translations  into  Greek  and  Latin. 
What  MR.  W.  G.  ELLIOT  takes  to  be  the! 
title  of  the  ballad  is  really  the  first  line  of 
the  second  verse,  the  ballad  itself  be- ; 
ginning  :  "  Bryan  O'Lynn  was  an  Irishman  j 
born."  Kenealy  does  not  seem  to  j 
mention  the  original  author's  name. 

EDWARD  SULLIVAN. 

Reform  Club. 

AGE  OF  LIONS  ( 12  S.  viii.  338,  v.  sub  ( Lions 
in  the  Tower  '). — The  keeper  of  the  lions  in 
the  Dublin  Zoo  told  me  that  a  lion  "  has  only 
a  dog's  life."  Hagenbeck,  in  his  '  Beasts 


"HE  WILL  NEVER  SET  THE  SlEVE  ON  FlRE  '' 

(12  S.  viii.  331). — I  am  a  Devonshire  man, 
but  I  never  heard  the  expression  "  He  will 
never  set  the  sieve  on  fire."  I  have  often 
heard,  however,  "  He  will  never  set  the 
temse  (old  name  for  sieve)  on  fire."  A 
hard  worker  would  sometimes  do  his  sifting 
so  strenuously  that  the  temse  burst  into 
flame.  As  a  boy  I  was  told  that  "  He  will 
never  set  the  Thames  on  fire "  was  only 
a  corruption  of  the  Devonshire  saying. 

W.   COURTHOPE    FORMAN. 

The  word  sieve  here  is  used  instead  of 
"temse,"  and  according  to  Wright's  Dialect 
Dictionary  is  fairly  common  in  most  north- 
ern counties.  The  temse  or  sieve  was  pro- 
vided with  a  rim,  which  projected  from  the 
bottom  of  it  and  was  worked  over  the 
mouth  of  the  barrel,  into  which  the  flour  or 
meal  was  sifted.  An  active  person  who 
worked  hard  not  infrequently  set  the  rim 
of  the  sieve  on  fire  by  force  of  friction 
against  the  rim  of  the  flour-barrel.  (See 
also  '  N.  &  Q.,'  3  S.  viii.  239.) 

The  same  class  of  utensil  was  in  use  among 
brewers  to  separate  the  hops  from  the  beer. 
(Ibidem,  p.  306.)  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

This  is  equivalent  to  the  judgment  "He 
won't  set  the  temse  on  fire,"  for  in  manv 
English  shires  a  sieve,  especially  one  used 
for  sifting  flour,  is  called  a  "  temse."  Some 
people  hold  that  the  prediction  that  any- 
body will  not  set  the  Thames  aflame  comes 
from  this,  but  I  do  not  assent  to  the  suppo- 
sition, if  only  because  I  believe  the  sneer  is 
not  peculiar  to  our  own  land  and  folk.  In 
these  days  a  conflagration  of  the  Thames 
would  be  more  easily  produced  than  the 
firing  of  a  sieve  by  any  manner  of  hard 
labour.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


on 


and  Men,'  London,  1909,  p.   Ill,  says  : — "  It 
is  my  experience  that  lions,  if  they  are  well  j 
taken  care  of,  will  frequently  live  for  more 
than    thirty    years."     The    seventy    years' 
confinement  of  the  lion  named  Pompey  would 
appear  to  be  as  uncertain  as  the  age  of  the 
Countess  of  Desmond.          H.  B.  SWANZY. 
The  Vicarage,  Newry,  Co.  Down. 

HAREWAY,  ENGLEFIELD,  BERKS  (12  S. , 
viii.  331). — The  articles  referred  to  were  1 
written  by  me.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead  Place,   Berks. 


A  Manual  of  Modern  Scots.  By  William  Giant 
and  James  Main  Dixon.  (Cambridge  Univer- 
sity Press.  £1  net.) 

NOT  long  ago  scientific  people,  studying  food 
production  and  digestion,  came  to  entertain  a 
I  belief  that  chemistry  could  produce  artificial 
j  foods  containing  all  the  essential  properties  of 
natural  foods.  Doubts  have  now  come  over  this 
belief  ;  we  hear  talk  of  "  vitamines  " — of  pro- 
perties, that  is  to  say,  which  are  indispensable 
to  the  Constitution  of  a  true  food,  are  mysteriously 
connected  with  its  natural  origin,  and,  for  the 
moment  at  any  rate,  beyond  the  power  of  chemis- 
try to  supply.  As  chemical  food  is  to  natural 
food,  so,  we  are  inclined  to  think,  is  speech  learnt 
by  means  of  "  phonetics  "  to  speech  learnt  by 


12  s.  vni.  MAY  ?,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


ear,  and  we  find  it  rather  difficult  to  imagine  | 
circumstances  in  which  it  would  be  really  worth ! 
while  to  acquire  a  dialectal  pronunciation  by  j 
getting  up  its  phonetic  formulae.  We  agree  with 
every  word  anyone  has  ever  said  in  praise  of 
the  "  Lingua  Scottica  " — it  is  a  noble  tongue 
and  we  congratulate  any  foreigner  who  masters 
it — but  we  cannot  believe  it  possible  to  capture, 
simply  by  means  of  the  eye  and  the  inward  ear, 
that  force  and  subtle  natural  quality  which 
constitute  its  charm,  and  make,  in  truth,  that 
for  the  sake  of  which  anyone  not  born  to  it 
would  trouble  to  learn  Scots  at  all.  The  one  true 
method  is  the  frequentation  of  the  Scotch  and 
the  easy,  not  over-earnest  attention  to  Scots 
talk.  For  those  who  have  no  chance  of  this  we 
believe  that  the  usual  literary  conventions  for 
the  rendering  of  Scots,  rough  and  limited  though 
they  are,  suffice,  and  that  more  elaborate  study 
would  be  waste  of  good  time. 

However,  if  we  allow  what  Messrs.  Grant  and 
Dixon  must  feel  convinced  of,  that  sounds  can, ! 
in  some  useful  and  satisfactory  degree,  be  imparted 
by   the    eye,    and    if   there    are,    indeed,    people ! 
who  wish  to  acquire  Scots  though  they  have  little  j 
or  no   chance   of  learning  it   by  a   Scotchman's  i 
speech,  then  we  can  only  recommend  this  work  as  | 
excellent  for  its  purpose.    It  consists,  first,  of  a  very  • 
careful  setting  out  of  the  phonetics  of  the  subject ; 
secondly,    of  what  is  called  a  "  grammar,"  and, 
thfHly,  of  a  reader  consisting  of  about  fifty  pieces 
— prose  and  verse — very  happily  chosen. 

The  Alphabet  used  is  that~of  the  International 
Association,  with  which  the  authors  justifiably 
assume  some  familiarity  on  the  student's  part. 
A  more  frequent  use  of  keywords  Would  be  an 
improvement  nevertheless. 

The  principal  feature  of  the  book  is  the  Gram- 
mar, which  may  be  described  as  a  collection  of ! 
instances  and  idioms  grouped  under  parts  of 
speech.  To  the  lover  of  language  it  offers  a 
feast.  The  dictionary  reader  will  browse  in  its  j 
pages  with  delight ;  and  that  fortunate  person  j 
who  savours  phrases  as  rudimentary  epigrams  j 
will  find  an  abundance  of  enjoyment,  for  the  wit  i 
and  expressiveness  of  Scots — an  idiom  where 
its  peculiar  logic  is  a  noticeable  quality — gain  in  ! 
point'  by  being  seen  in  this  systematic,  "  gram- 
matical "  setting. 

This  is  to  say  that  the  collection  and  the 
scheme  are  both  deserving  of  the  highest  praise, 
and  that  this  work  is  likely  to  be  for  many  years 
the  authority  on  the  subject. 

The   Scotch   dialect   includes   numerous   varia- 
tions.    That    of    the    Lothians,   being  the  Scots 
of  the  old  Scottish  Court  and  of  the  main  body  of  ' 
the  population,  has  naturally  been  taken  as  the  [ 
representative    dialect   for   the    present    purpose, 
but  a  few  texts  in  other  speech  have  been  added,  | 
and  some  words  and  idioms  from  such  included  ; 
in   the   grammar. 

Traces     of    French   in   Scotch   are   always   in- 
teresting, and  we  noticed  one,  if  it  be  one,  new 
to  us  :    the  call  used  by  Ayrshire  girls  to  their 
cows  :    proo,  proo,  prochimoo,  which  is  supposed  j 
to  be  a  corruption  of  approchfz-moi. 

Dr.  Dixon  was  first  inspired  with  the  idea ! 
of  this  manual  by  his  experience  when  lecturing  i 
on  Scottish  literature  in  America.  In  America  we  j 
should  expect  it  to  be  of  considerable  service  ;  and  : 
also  as  part  of  an  actor's  working  library. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES. 

'  Bibliotheca  Incunabulorum '  is  the  title  of 
MESSRS.  MAGGS'S  Catalogue  No.  402.  We  have 
long  been  used  to  enjoy  their  catalogues,  but 
this  one  we  have  enjoyed  even  beyond  our  wont. 
It  is  so  lavishly  illustrated  as  to  be  the  nearest 
possible  substitute  for  an  examination  of  the 
books  it  describes,  and  the  careful  accounts 
which  form  the  text  are  worth  real  study.  Some 
760  items  are  included,  and  among  them  are 
about  half  a  hundred  books  of  which  only  one 
copy  is  known  and  a  score  or  so  which  are  known 
in  no  more  than  two  copies. 

The  English  works  are  few,  but  precious  ; 
we  may  mention  Caxton's  '  Myrrour  of  the 
World '  (c.  1490 :  8751.)  and  '  Lyf  of  Saint 
Katherin  of  Sene  '  (1493:  5002.),  with  Wynkyn 
de  Worde's  '  St.  Jerome  ' — the  '  Vitae  Patrum  ' 
— {1495:  2002.).  The  French  presses  are 
represented  by  68  books.  The  most  magnificent 
example  of  Paris  work  is  Gering  and  Rembolt's 
'Missal'  (1497)  printed  on  vellum.  The  copy 
offered  is  from  the  library  of  Colbert,  and  1,9502. 
is  the  price  asked  for  it.  Mentelin  of  Strass- 
burg  printed,  not  later  than  1463,  as  his  second 
book,  the  second  part  of  the  '  Summa  '  of  St. 
Thomas  Aquinas  ;  a  copy  of  this  in  a  nineteenth- 
century  binding  is  offered  for  2002.  We  noticed 
also  St.  Bonaventura's  '  Quaestiones '  by  the 
printer  of  '  Henricus  Ariminensis  '  (1472:  752.). 
The  German  books  number  over  120.  Here,  from 
Augsburg,  are  Aurbach's  '  Summa  de  Sacra- 
mentis  '  (1469:  2002.),  Bamler's  '  Buch  der 
Kunst'  (1477:  3752.),  and  Ratdolt's  '  Chronica 
Hungarorum  '  (1488  :  2502.),  from  Mainz,  Schoef- 
fer's  'Clement  V.,'  on  vellum  (1471:  7502.), 
and  from  Nuremberg  Creussner's  delightful 
'  Zeitglocklein  '  of  Bertholdus  (1493  :  1052.). 

The  great  bulk  of  the  catalogue  is,  however, 
concerned  with  Italian  incunabula,  which  number 
well  over  400  and  present  a  mass  of  matter 
much  beyond  what  a  short  notice  can  do  justice 
to.  From  Ferrara  we  have  Rossi's  St.  Jerome — 
'  Vita  e  Epistole  '  (1497  :  2502.),  and  from  Florence 
no  less  a'  treasure  than  the  great  '  Homer  '  of 
Bartolommeo  di  Francesco  di  Libri  (1488  : 
5002.).  There  is  a  copy  of  de  Lignamine's 
'  Quintilian '  (Rome,  1470 :  2502.),  and  from 
Plannck's  press  at  Rome  come  Carvajal's  '  Oratio 
ad  Alexandrum  VII.,'  and  the  '  Oratio  ad  Inno- 
centium  VIII.  de  Obedientia '  of  Valascus 
(c.  1494:  752.).  The  works  we  have  mentioned 
are  beyond  the  reach  of  the  collector  of  small 
means,  but  there  are  many  delightful  items 
from  the  Italian — and  particularly  the  Roman 
and  Venetian — presses  which  are  offered  for  a 
few  guineas.  We  must  mention,  from  among 
the  Venetian  books,  Jensen's  'Cicero'  (1470: 
3502.),  and  from  Verona,  Valturius'  '  De  re 
militari,'  printed  by  Johannes  of  Verona  (1472: 
5252.) 

The  Spanish  books,  if  fewer  in  number,  are 
even  more  interesting  than  the  Italian.  Here 
are  Mela's  '  Cosmographia,'  printed  at  Salamanca 
in  1498  (3752.)  ;  Duran's  '  Glosa  sobre  Lux  bella,' 
printed  in  the  same  place  and  year  (4502.),  and, 
again,  Madrigal's  '  Confessional,'  (2002.).  Paul 
Hums'  edition  of  Boccaccio  in  Spanish — '  De 
las  Mugeres  illustres  en  Romance  '  (1494  :  7502.) 
from  Saragossa,  and  a  wonderful  missal  of 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  S.VIIL  MAY  7,1921. 


which  Messrs.  Maggs  have  here  the  only  known 
copy,  printed  by  Ungut  and  Stanislas  Polonus 
at  Seville  (1499:  1,250Z.)  must  conclude  an  all 
too  brief  selection  of  examples  from  Spain. 

Bergmann's  '  Columbus  '  from  the  Basle  Press 
must  not  go  unmentioned  (1494:  500Z.),  but 
having  done  so  we  must  resist  the  temptation 
to  quote  further  from  these  fascinating  pages. 

MESSRS.  MYERS'S  Catalogue  No.  226  deals  with 
264  items  of  which  the  most  interesting  are  two 
French  manuscript  Books  of  Hours,  on  vellum, 
the  one  belonging  to  the  middle,  the  latter  to 
the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century.  The  former, 
by  a  Parisian  artist,  on  191  leaves,  contains 
12  large  miniatures,  five  somewhat  smaller, 
12  small  miniatures  of  the  months  and  the 
signs  of  the  zodiac,  and  214  large  ornamental 
initials,  with  rich  ornamental  borders  and 
numerous  capitals  (380Z.).  The  latter,  on  98 
leaves,  has  also  a  dozen  large  miniatures  and  is 
richly  adorned,  too,  with  capitals  and  borders 
( 1 751.).  There  are  one  or  two  very  good  autograph 
letters,  among  which  Crabbe's  well-known  appeal 
to  Burke — -"lam  one  of  those  outcasts  on  the 
world  who  are  without  a  friend  " — interested  us 
most.  It  seems  cheap  at  181.  18s.  Lovers  of 
Cruikshank  and  lovers  of  Dickens  will  find 
satisfactory  pabulum  in  these  pages.  So,  too, 
may  students  of  Chinese  art,  for  whom,  from 
the  Towneley  Collection,  there  is  a  series  of 
110  drawings  of  Canton,  c.  1780,  bound  together 
in  a  morocco-covered  folio  volume  (2501.) .  A 

Particularly  fine  binding  is  that  of  '  Les  Psea vines 
e  David '  in  Marot's  version,  1648 — contem- 
porary, having  covers  of  tprtoiseshell,  carved, 
with  silver  clasps  and  back  hinges — 40Z.  Messrs. 
Myers  have  copies  of  several  well-known  black- 
letter  bibles ;  a  first  edition  of  '  The  Great  Bible  ' 
(60Z.),  and  a  first  edition  of  '  Matthew's  ver- 
sion '  (501.)  may  be  mentioned.  Among  the 
historical  documents  the  most  important  is  a 
collection  of  MSS. — Ships'  Letter-books,  Log- 
books, Journals  and  other  papers — belonging  to 
the  career  of  Admiral  Sir  William  Cornwallis. 
This  is  being  offered  in  sixteen  divisions,  the  most 
important  of  which  are  the  documents  connected 
with  the  War  of  Independence  (200Z.  and  1151.) 
and  those  connected  with  Cornwallis's  employ- 
ment in  the  East  Indies  (10  51.). 

We  noticed  a  complete  set  of  first  editions  of 
Lever's  works  (1251.),  a  fine  proof  of  Watson's 
engraving  of  Reynolds's  portrait  of  Dr.  Johnson 
done  in  1770,  without  his  wig  (30Z.),  a  set  of 
French  eighteenth-century  engravings  illustrating 
'II  Decamerone  '  in  five  vols.  (1757:  42Z.),  and 
a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  the  Nuremberg 
Chronicle  (1493:  95Z.).  A  most  tempting  cata- 
logue. 

WE  have  received  MESSRS.  CRADDOCK  & 
BARNARD'S  Catalogue  No.  8,  a  carefully-drawn- 
up  and  well-illustrated  list  of  drawings  and 
engravings.  The  drawings  present  much  that 
is  of  high  interest :  Koninck's  '  Three  Holy 
Women,'  for  example,  once  belonging  to  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds  (201.)  ;  or  Rubens's  study  of  the 
head  of  his  three-year-old  son  asleep  (25L). 
Among  works  of  the  English  school  under  this 
heading  is  described  an  eighteenth-century  silk 
picture  of  a  young  gallant  in  a  landscape  which 


I  appears  attractive  (14Z.).  There  is  a  capital 
j  caricature  drawing  of  a  king  by  Thackeray 
|  upon  which  is  a  note — possibly  by  Frau  von 
Littrow — "  Thakeray.  In  Weimar  gezeichiiet." 
A  water-colour  drawing  of  a  lime-kiln  in  a  hilly 
landscape  by  Turner  is  offered  for  60Z.  We  noticed 
one  or  two  Bonaparte  items — Detaille's  charcoal 
drawing  of  the  meeting  between  Napoleon  III. 
and  Garibaldi  (25Z.)  ;  and  Isabey's  caricature 
portrait  of  Napoleon  I.,  '  Buonaparte  FAn 
IV.'  (1795-6:  45Z.).  A  most  delightful  item  is 
Claudio  Coello's  '  Don  Quixote  and  Sancho 
Panza,'  from  the  collection  of  Henry  Reveley — 
a  drawing  which  was  once  supposed  to  represent 
two  Jesuits  reading  ( 1 5Z.).  Of  the  pictures,  the 
principal  is  a  portrait  of  the  school  of  Leonardo 
da  Vinci — a  fine  work,  to  be  compared  with  the 
master's  silver-point  drawing  at  Windsor  (250Z.). 
There  is  a  lovely  little  head  of  the  Madonna — 
a  bit  of  Venetian  fresco,  Cinquecento — to  be 
had  for  25Z.  Kneller's  portrait  of  Abraham 
Simon,  again,  is  exceedingly  attractive — in  an  old 
oval  gilt  frame,  (80Z.).  In  the  way  of  engravings 
we  have  also  marked  a  number  of  interesting 
modern  works — but  a  mention  of  eight  good 
Meryons,  which  include  '  La  Rue  des  Mauvais 
Garcons  '  (45Z.).  must  suffice. 


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381 


LONDON,  MAY  14,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.    161. 

NOTES :— Court-Martial     on     a     Duellist,    Newfoundland. 
381 — Legay    of    Southampton    and  London,  385 — "  Gog 
and    Magog,"    383 — Aldeburgh    Chamberlains'  Accounts 
387 — Captain     Robert     Wyard — '  Martin     Chuzzlewit ' 
Elijah  Pogram,  389— Crucifixion  of  Dogs— Deaths,  390. 

QUERIES  :— King  of  England,  Lord  of  Baux— Lives  of 
Venetian  Painters — Menzel's  '  German  Literature,'  390 — 
Napoleon  as  a  Cliild— Arms  of  Ellingham — '  Letters 
from  Galilee  ' — John  Winthrop  :  Inner  Temple,  1628 — 
Francis  and  John  Gallini — Wiche — James  William  Unwin 
— Foxhounds — '  Stirbitch  Fair  ' — Rayner  of  Woodhan 
Walter — "  Cicero  "  Cook  the  Learned  "  Scout  " — Rice,391 — 
Van  Der  Does— The  '  Exerdtia  Spiritualia  '  of  St.  Ignatius 
Loyola — Oorsiean  War-Dogs  :  Island  of  Fowls — Early 
Stage-Coaches — The  Monument  :  '  Ingoldsby  Legends  '— 
Statues  of  Geor?e  IV.  at  Brighton — •"  Common  or 
Garden  "-Norfolk  Cheeses  in  the  Fourteenth  Century 
392 — G.  A.  Cooke  and  his  County  Itineraries — Authors 
Wanted,  393. 

REPLIES  : — "  Cor  ad  cor  loquitur  " — Mary  Russei  Mit- 
ford's  Lottery  Prize,  393 — "  Amtmann  " — Thackeray :  '  The 
Newcomes  ' — Book  Borrowers — "  Geen  "  Whisky,  394 — 
A  Seventeenth- Century  Surveyors'  Compass — "  Britisher  ' 
v.  "  Briton  " — "  The  Haven  under  the  Hill  " — Smallest 
Pig  of  a  Litter— Political  Verses  by  Charles  Lamb  ?— 
Capt.  Cook's  Crew  :  Coco-nut  Cup,  395 — Cream-coloured 
Horses— Pastorini's  Prophecies — Carew  Family  of  Bed- 
dington,  Surrey,  Bart. — Double  Firsts  at  Oxford,  396 — 
Publications  of  Frederick  Locker-Lampson — '  The 
Tomahawk  ' — William  Congreve — Ghost  Stories  con- 
nected with  Old  London  Bridge,  397— '  The  Mermaid 
at  her  Toilet ' — Hunger  Strike  in  the  Fourteenth  Century — 
John  Pym— Wine  Names — Paul  Lucas  :  His  '  Journey 
through  Asia  Minor '—Collet  Family,  398. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'Moliere'—' The  Gild  of  St.  Mary, 
Lichfield'— '  The  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire  '—Annals 
of  Archaeology  and  Anthropology — Cornhill. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


TRIAL    BY    COURT-MARTIAL     OF    A 
DUELLIST.    NEWFOUNDLAND,  1826. 

CAPTAIN  MARK  RUDKIN,  the  duellist 
here  in  question,  belonged  to  a  family 
which  has  been  traced  as  owning  property 
in  Norfolk  and  Rutland  from  the  thirteenth 
century  onwards,  and  a  branch  of  which 
had  been  settled  in  Ireland,  in  Co.  Carlow, 
since  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  William  Rudkin 
of  Corris,  Co.  Carlow,  born  June  4,  1786. 
A  Captain  in  the  50th  and  100th  Regiments, 
and  afterwards  in  the  Royal  Newfoundland 
Veteran  Company,  he  served  in  the  Penin- 
sular War  from  1808  to  1813,  being  engaged 
in  the  disastrous  Walcheren  Expedition 
in  1809.  He  was  present  at  nearly  all  the 
great  battles  in  the  Peninsular  War,  being 
several  times  wounded,  and  received  a 
medal  with  five  clasps.  He  was  finally 


placed  on  half -pay  in  May,  1828,  and  died, 
unmarried,  Dec.  15,  1869,  at  Blackrock, 
Dublin. 

The  following  account  of  his  trial  by 
court-martial  for  shooting  John  Philpot 
in  a  duel  is  taken,  somewhat  abbreviated, 
from  The  Public  Ledger  and  Newfoundland 
General  Advertiser  of  Friday,  April  28,  1826  :— 

SUPREME  COURT. 

April  17,  1826. 

THE  KING  vs.  MARK  RUDKIN,  GEORGE  FARQUHAR 
MORICE,  and  JAMES  STRACHAN,  for  the  wilful 
murder  of  JOHN  PHILPOT,  by  shooting  him  with 
a  pistol-ball,  in  a  duel  on  the  30th  March  last. 

(Mark  Rudkin,  Capt.  Royal  Veteran  Com- 
panies, as  principal ;  and  James  Strachan, 
Surgeon  of  the  same,  and  G.  F.  Morice,  Capt. 
R.N.,  as  accomplices-principals  in  the  second 
degree.) 

The  ATTORNEY-GENERAL  opened  the  pro- 
ceedings, and  gave  an  outline  of  the  case  intended 
to  be  proved.  In  whatever  point  of  view  it  was 
regarded,  he  said' — whether  as  it  respected  the 
individual  whose  death  was  the  cause  of  the 
present  inquiry,  who  had  been  suddenly  cut  off, 
in  the  vigour  of  health  from  all  the  endearments 
of  social  life — whether  considered  in  reference 
to  the  violated  laws  of  the  country- — or  as  affect- 
ing the  personal  safety  of  the  prisoners,  it  was 
one  of  the  most  serious  with  which  he  had  ever 
had  to  do  ;  but  he  exhorted  the  jury  to  dismiss 
from  their  minds  whatever  they  might  have 
heard  out  of  doors  ;  or,  if  they  could  not  entirely 
divest  themselves  of  those  recollections,  it  were 
better  to  set  upon  them  the  seal  of  falsehood  and 
cast  them  from  them.  They  were  bound  upon 
their  oaths  to  be  governed  in  their  decision  by  the 
evidence  which  would  now  be  brought  before 
them.  The  principles  of  law  upon  which  the 
prosecution  was  founded  were  then  laid  down  ; 
first,  in  order  to  enable  the  jury  with  more  facility 
to  embrace  the  principles  of  the  case ;  and,  secondly, 
he  felt  it  due  to  the  defendants  to  facilitate  their 
defence  in  the  perilous  situation  in  which  they 
were  placed.  The  following  citations  were  then 
made  :• — • 

"  The  fact  of  killing  being  first  proved,  all  the 
circumstances  of  accident,  necessity,  or  infirmity 
are  to  be  satisfactorily  proved  by  the  prisoners, 
unless  they  should  arise  out  of  the  evidence  pro- 
duced against  them  ;  for  the  law  presumeth  the 
fact  to  have  been  founded  in  malice  until  the 
contrary  shall  have  been  made  apparent  .  .  ."  et 
scqq.  (Foster,  p.  255). 

The  same  learned  writer  (Mr.  Justice  Foster), 
whose  high  authority  he  (the  Attorney- Gen  era!) 
had  just  cited,  speaking  of  duelling,  says  that : — 
*'  If  death  ensueth  from  deliberate  duelling, 
such  death  is,  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  murder. 
And  though  a  person  should  be  drawn  into  a 
duel,  not  upon  a  motive  so  criminal,  but  merely 
on  the  punctilio  of  what  swordsmen  falsely  call 
tionour,  that  will  not  excuse  ;  for  he  that  deliber- 
ately taketh  the  blood  of  another,  upon  a  piivate 
quarrel,  acteth  in  defiance  of  all  laws  human  and 
divine  .  .  ."  ct  seqq.  (ibid.,  p.  297). 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[  12  S.  VIII.  MAY  14,  1921. 


As  to  the  malice  which  the  law  implies  in  such 
cases,  the  same  learned  Judge  says  that : — 

"  Most  if  not  all  the  cases  which  are  ranged 
under  the  head  of  implied  malice  will,  if  care- 
fully adverted  to,  be  found  to  turn  upon  this 
single  point,  that  the  fact  hath  been  attended 
with  such  circumstances  as  carry  in  them  the 
plain  indications  of  a  heart  rcgardl  ss  of  social 
duty,  and  fatally  bent  upon  mischief  "  (ibid., 
p.  257) 

On  the  subject  of  accomplices  the  same  learned 
Judge  says  that : — 

"  In  order  to  render  a  person  an  accomplice 
and  a  principal  in  felony,  he  must  be  aiding  and 
abetting  at  the  fact,  or  ready  to  afford  assistance 
if  necessary"  (ibid.,  p.  350). 

A  distinction  was  then  drawn  between  the 
second  of  the  deceased  duellist  and  the  second 
of  the  survivor.  The  Attorney- General  observed 
that  the  law  which  he  had  cited  was  to  be  traced 
in  the  earliest  authorities,  and  was  recognized 
in  our  own  days  in  Rice's  case  (3  East,  681)  ;  and 
among  the  cases  therein  referred  to,  the  distinction 
between  the  seconds  was  again  recognized.  He 
then  proceeded  to  call  the  evidence.  .  .  . 

LIEUT. -COLONEL  THOMAS  ROWLAND  BURKE,  of 

the  Veteran  Companies,  sworn  and  examined  :• 

Knows  the  prisoners  at  the  bar.  Captain  Rudkin 
is  under  his  orders  ;  Dr.  Strachan  is  Assistant- 
Surgeon  in  the  military  establishment ;  Captain 
Morice  commands  the  Governor's  yacht  in  the 
harbour.  John  Philpot  was  lately  Ensign  in 
his  corps  :  he  is  recently  dead.  On  the  30th 
March  last,  between  three  and  four  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon,  Captain  Rudkin  rushed  into 
witness's  room,  seemingly  out  of  his  mind,  and 
told  him  that  Mr.  Philpot  was  dead.  Witness 
asked  for  an  explanation ;  thinking  from  his 
manner  that  he  was  distracted.  Captain  Rudkin 
said  that  Mr.  Philpot  had  kicked  him  last  evening, 
that  they  had  just  fought,  and  that  he  had  shot 
him  dead.  Mr.  Philpot  had  been  with  witness 
several  times  that  morning  ;  he  was  then  in  good 
health. 

By  the  Court  :• — Witness  inquired  who  the 
seconds  were,  when  Captain  Rudkin  said,  "  Mr. 
Strachan  "  ;  and,  after  some  hesitation,  added 
"  Captain  Morice."  Thinks  Captain  R.  told 
him  that  Mr.  Strachan  was  his  (Capt.  R.'s)  second, 
but  he  is  not  very  certain.  Witness  had  seen 
Mr.  Philpot  several  times  that  morning  upon 
points  of  duty ;  there  was  nothing  peculiar  in 
his  manner. 

CAVENDISH  WILLOCK  :— Knows  all  the  prisoners. 
Knew  Ensign  John  Philpot.  Knows  of  his 
death.  Knows  how  and  when  he  came  by  his 
death.  He  was  killed  in  a  duel  by  Captain 
Rudkin.  On  the  last  Thursday  in  March  wit- 
ness was  in  an  enclosure  at  the  back  of  West's 
farm,  within  a  mile  from  the  town,  and  saw  there  j 
Captain  Rudkin,  Mr.  Philpot,  Dr.  Strachan,  and  j 
Capt  Morice.  The  ground  was  measured  out 
by  Captain  Morice  and  Dr.  Strachan.  The  distance 
was  15  paces.  At  that  time  Captain  R.  was 
standing  upwards  of  100  yards  from  the  others. 
Philpot  was  standing  close  to  the  seconds,  and  was 
the  first  who  took  his  station,  having  previously 
taken  off  his  coat.  Captain  Rudkin  then  took  his 
station  upon  being  beckoned  to  by  the  others, 


without  taking  off  his  coat.  The  pistols  were 
then  given  to  them  by  the  seconds,  who  tossed 
up,  and  the  words  "  Ready — fire  "  were  given  by 
Dr.  Strachan.  They  instantly  fired,  but  without 
effect.  Mr.  Philpot  immediately  extended  his 
pistol,  as  if  to  return  it  to  Captain  Morice,  who  took 
it.  Rudkin  kept  his  by  his  side  until  Strachan 
went  up  and  took  it  from  him.  The  seconds 
then  talked  together ;  but  witness  could  not 
hear  what  they  said.  After  conversing  a  short 
time,  each  went  to  his  principal  and  talked  to 
him  with  a  view,  as  witness  concluded,  to  an 
accommodation  of  the  dispute,  because  he  after- 
wards heard  Captain  Morice  say  that  it  was  a 
pity  Mr.  Philpot  would  not  apologize  after  the 
first  shot.  The  seconds  then  returned  to  each 
other,  and  after  a  short  time  re-delivered  the 
pistols  to  Captain  Rudkin  and  Mr.  Philpot. 
Strachan  and  Morice  again  tossed  up,  and  the 
same  word  was  given  by  Captain  Morice  as  that 
which  had  before  been  given  by  Dr.  Strachan. 
Instantly  on  the  word  they  fired  together ;  both 
shots  appeared  like  one  and  Mr.  Philpot  fell. 
Witness  immediately  ran  up  to  hiin  and  caught 
him  by  the  hand  ;  Captain  Rudkin,  at  the  same 
time,  caught  him  by  the  other  hand,  and  appeared 
very  much  agitated.  He  said  he  hoped  he  was 
not  much  hurt,  and  that  he  believed  it  was  only 
in  the  arm.  Dr.  Strachan  and  witness  both 
asked  Mr.  Philpot  where  he  was  hit ;  but  he 
never  spoke  nor  uttered  even  a  groan  except 
when  he  fell.  Witness,  Strachan,  and  Morice 
then  turned  him  on  his  side,  and  having  torn 
his  shirt  discovered  that  the  ball  had  entered 
his  right  side,  opposite  the  heart.  Dr.  Strachan 
immediately  said  the  wound  was  mortal  and 
that  he  was  dying.  Captain  Rudkin  then  said 
he  would  go  and  tell  the  Colonel  what  had  hap- 
pened, and  send  persons  to  take  care  of  the  body. 
Witness,  on  perceiving  that  Mr.  Philpot  was 
quite  dead,  covered  the  body  over  with  his  coat 
and  then  left  it. 

By  the  Court : — The  occurrence  happened  be- 
tween 1  and  2  o'clock.  Witness  was,  he^believes, 
not  more  than  fourteen  yards  from  the  parties. 
He  went  into  the  enclosure  with  Philpot  and 
Morice.  From  the  means  which  he  had  of 
knowing  the  parties,  could  have  no  doubt  that 
Capt.  Morice.  Capt.  Rudkin,  and  Dr.  Strachan 
were  the  persons  who  were  on  the  ground. 

EDWARD  KIELLEY  : — Is  a  surgeon.  Knew 
Ensign  John  Philpot,  was  sent  for  by  the  Coroner, 
during  the  inquest,  to  inspect  the  body.  Found 
a  wound  between  the  5th  and  6th  ribs,  on  the 
right  side,  through  the  membrane  and  lining  of 
the  chest.  It  was  a  pistol-ball  wound.  It  had 
penetrated  the  third  lobe  of  the  right  lung. 
Found  the  pistol-ball  in  the  body  and  extracted 
it.  Has  no  doubt  that  that  wound  was  the  cause 
of  the  death  of  the  deceased.  (This  witness  was 
about  to  give  an  anatomical  description  of  the 
appearance  of  the  body  upon  opening  it,  but 
the  Court  thought  this  unnecessary,  and  there- 
fore dispensed  with  it.) 

Cross-examined : — The  ball  entered  between 
the  5th  and  6th  ribs  ;  and  from  the  situation  in 
which  it  entered,  the  arm  of  the  deceased  must 
have  been  extended,  as  if  in  the  act  of  firing 
when  he  received  the  wound. 

This  was  the  case  for  the  prosecution. 


12  s. viii.  MAY  14,  i-o2i.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


383 


MR.  DAWE,  for  the  defence,  addressed  the  Court, 
and  read  the  following  appeals  from  the  respec- 
tive prisoners. 

CAPTAIN  RUDKIN'S  ADDRESS. 
"  My  Lords,  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Jury, 

"  Labouring    under    feelings    of    the     deepest ! 
regret,  for  the  melancholy    circumstance    which  j 
has   placed   me  and   my   fellow -prisoners   in  the ! 
unhappy  situation  in  which  we  now  stand  before  \ 
you,  and  charged  as  we  are  by  the  indictment,  | 
as  principal  and  accessories  in  a  crime    at  the 
bare  mention  of  which  human  nature  shudders, 
I  have  thought  it  prudent  to  commit  to  paper 
the  few  observations  I  have  to  address  to  you,  j 
lest,  in  the  agitation  I  must  naturally  feel   on  so 
awful  an  occasion,  I  should  omit  anything  which 
might  be  material  to  our  defence. 

"  You  have  as  yet  only  heard  the  mere  naked 
facts  immediately  attending  the  fatal  rencounter 
in  which  I  have  unhappily,  though  uninten- 
tionally, deprived  a  fellow-being  of  existence ; 
but  I  trust,  gentlemen,  that  when  the  circum- 
stances which  led  to  it  have  been  given  in  evidence, 
you  will  be  satisfied  that,  as  a  British  Officer, 
I  was  bound  to  seek  that  satisfaction  which, 
according  to  the  laws  of  honour  and  the  estab- 
lished rules  and  customs  amongst  military  men, 
could  alone  atone  for  the  gross  insults  and  provo- 
cation I  received — or,  that  I  must  otherwise 
for  ever  have  forfeited  all  claim  to  that  character 
which  I  had  acquired  by  years  spent  in  the 
arduous  service  of  that  country  in  whose  cause 
I  have  so  often  fought  and  bled. 

"  Gentlemen,  we  stand  indicted  for  wilful 
Murder.  To  constitute  this  crime,  to  use  the 
language  of  a  learned  Judge,  '  the  fact  must  be 
attended  by  such  circumstances  as  are  the 
ordinary  symptoms  of  a  wicked,  depraved,  and 
malignant  spirit;  a  heart  regardless  *  of  social 
duty,  and  deliberately  bent  upon  mischief.' 

"  It  is  not  for  me,  nor  for  my  fellow-prisoners, 
to  speak  of  our  own  characters.     What  they  are, 
gentlemen,  you  will     hear  from  the  witnesses  ;  I 
and  I  trust  that  when  you  have  heard  them    .    .    .  i 

"  By  some  means,  gentlemen,  it  has  acquired 
publicity  that  the  insults  offered  me  by  the 
deceased,  on  the  night  previous  to  the  fatal 
meeting,  were  not  the  first  that  I  received  from 
him  :  it  is,  indeed,  but  too  true.  .  .  . 

"  For  his  previous  conduct  he  had  apologized  ; 
and  I  most  solemnly  declare,  standing,  as  I  now 
do,  at  the  bar  of  this  tribunal,  through  whose 
decision  -I  might,  perhaps,  in  a  few  short    hours 
appear  before  the  more  high  and  awful  tribunal 
of  my  Creator,  that  I  had,  with  all  that  candour 
and    sincerity   which    are    the    characteristics    of 
my  countrymen,   with  all  my    heart    and    soul 
forgiven  him,  and  that  I  entertained  the  same ! 
friendly  disposition   towards   him    which   I   had  j 
felt  from  our  first  acquaintance.     And,  gentlemen,  | 
it  has  been  laid  down,  by  the  highest  legal  authori-  j 
ties,  that  '  if  there  be  an  old  quarrel  between  A  j 
and  B,  and  they  are  reconciled  again,  and  then  j 
upon  a  new  falling  out    A  kills    B,  this    is    not  j 
murder,  for  it  is  not  to  be  presumed  that     the  j 
parties    fought   upon   the   old    grudge,    unless    it 
'appears    from    the    whole    circumstances   of  the 
fact.' 


"  I  will  not,  gentlemen,  detain  you  by  stating 
all  the  minute  facts  attending  the  lamentable 
occurrence.  .  .  . 

"  The  fatal  quarrel,  gentlemen,  arose  at  a 
card-party  at  the  quarters  of  a  brother-officer, 
and  the  deceased  addressed  me  in  language 
which  I  will  not  repeat.  I  saw,  however,  that 
he  was  in  a  state  of  great  mental  irritation,  and 
therefore  left  the  room  to  prevent  his  further 
committing  himself ;  when,  gentlemen,  he 
followed  me  out  of  the  door  and  kicked  me. 
Yes,  gentlemen,  I  blush  to  acknowledge  that 
I  suffered  the  vile  indignity ;  aye,  and  in  the 
presence  of  a  gentleman,  and  that  gentleman 
I  will  call  to  prove  the  fact. 

"  Of  all  the  personal  insults  one  man  can  give 
another,  a  kick  is,  gentlemen,  the  most  galling 
and  degrading.  A  blow  is  certainly  a  very  gross 
provocation,  but  the  man  who  strikes  you,  treats 
you  as  if  you  were  upon  a  level  with  himself 
in  the  scale  of  the  creation  ;  but,  gentlemen,  in 
a  kick,  contempt  is  coupled  with  violence ;  it 
sinks  you  hi  your  estimation,  as  it  were,  below 
humanity  ;  it  is  an  act  which  a  man  of  correct 
and  humane  feeling  would  scarcely  commit 
towards  a  dog  he  regarded  ;  it  leaves  a  stain  upon 
the  character  of  the  injured  party,  especially 
in  military  life,  which  verbal  apologies  never  can 
efface ;  and,  gentlemen,  had  I  not  redeeemed 
my  character  by  pursuing  the  course  I  did 
(however  much  the  event  of  it  is  to  be  deplored), 
I  should  have  been  scouted  by  my  brother-officers 
and  held  in  contempt  by  my  men.  Vain  would 
it  have  been  for  me  to  quit  my  present  regiment ; 
the  disgrace  would  have  stuck  to  me  through 
the  army,  would  have  driven  me  from  it,  and 
have  followed  me  even  into  the  retirement-  of 
private  life.  What  would  it  have  availed  me 
that  I  had  served,  with  a  reputation  for  courage 
unsullied  and  undoubted,  in  all  those  campaigns 
which  have  raised  the  British  Army  to  the  highest 
pitch  of  military  glory,  had  I  submitted  to  this 
degrading  indignity  without  resenting  it  as  an 
officer  and  a  gentleman.  I  should,  notwith- 
standing, for  ever  have  been  branded  as  a  poltroon 
and  a  coward. 

"  Gentlemen,  I  had  no  alternative.  If  I  had 
reported  his  conduct  to  the  commanding  officer, 
his  ruin  would  have  been  certain — but  that  would 
not  have  repaired  my  injured  honour.  An 
officer  in  the  army,  however  high  his  rank,  is 
bound  to  resent  such  an  insult  as  I  received  in 
the  manner  I  did  ;  nor  can  he  ever  refuse  a  chal- 
lenge from  an  inferior  officer.  It  is  ndt  long 
since  the  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  Colonel  of 
the  10th  Hussars,  went  out  with  Mr.  Battier, 
a  Cornet  in  his  regiment. 

"  I  requested  Dr.  Strachan,  \\ho  was  the  friend 
of  both  parties,  to  wait  upon  him.  He  accepted 
my  challenge.  We  went,  gentlemen,  to  the 
fatal  field,  but  with  \videly  different  feelings,  and 
for  \udely  different  purposes — I,  gentlemen,  to 
repair  my  injured  honour,  and  he,  to  seek  my  life. 
Had  that,  gentlemen,  not  been  his  fixed  deter- 
mination, he  might,  without  even  the  shadow  of 
an  imputation  on  his  courage,  or  indeed  even 
without  submitting  to  an  apology,  have  averted 
his  untimely  fate.  He  might  have  fired  in  the 
air,  and  then  the  matter  must  have  ended.  He 
was  by  a  mutual  friend  advised  to  do  so,  and 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     '  [WS.VIII.MAYW,  1921. 


in  full  confidence  that  he  would  have  followed  that  curred  in  this  or  the  neighbouring  colonies,  with 
advice,  I  did,  as  it  will  be  proved  in  evidence,  fire  the  exception  of  that  of  Mr.  Uniacke,  who,  with 
the  first  shot  in  the  most  careless  manner,  pur-  his  second,  was  tried  at  Halifax  for  the  murder 
posely  to  avoid  injuring  him  ;  but  when  I  found  of  Mr.  Bowie,  as  is,  most  probably,  within  the  re- 
that,  instead  of  doing  so,  he  did  deliberately  fire  collection  of  you  all. 

at  me — that  he  afterwards  resisted  all  the  earnest  |  "In  that  case  the  parties  were  not  military  men, 
entreaties  and  endeavours  of  our  seconds,  who  !  neither  Was  the  provocation  of  such  a  nature 
were  alike  the  friends  of  both,  to  effect  an  accom-  but  that  it  might  have  been  decided  by  a  legal 
modation — when  I  saw  him  change  his  position,  tribunal,  without  any  imputation  upon  the 
and  fix  his  eye  upon  me  as  if  to  make  sure  of  his  courage  of  either  party.  Mr.  Uniacke,  however, 
intended  victim,  I  was  compelled,  in  defence  of  was  a  man  possessing  high  spirit  and  honourable 
my  own  life,  to  fire  the  second  time.  But,  gentle-  feeling,  and  preferred  appealing  to  the  laws  of 
men,  you  will  be  satisfied  from  the  evidence  that  honour  instead  of  those  of  his  country.  He  called 
I  fired  in  the  most  fair  and  honourable  manner.  !  Mr.  Bowie  out  ;  they  fought,  and  at  the  second 
My  pistol  was  not  raised  till  the  word  was  given,  '  fire  the  latter  fell.  Mr.  Uniacke  and  his  second, 
and  we  fired  instantaneously.  The  distance  was  Mr.  McSwiney,  were,  as  I  before  stated,  indicted 
unusually  great.  The  pistols  I  had  never  seen  for  wilful  murder,  but  as  it  appeared  from  the 
before  ;  they  were  not  adapted  for  duelling,  but  whole  of  the  evidence  that  the  unfortunate  trans- 
were  of  the  commonest  description — such  as  action  had  been  fairly  and  honourably  conducted, 
must  convince  even  the  most  inexperienced  in  the  jury  (after  an  impressive  charge  from  the 
such  matters  that  the  fatal  result  was  the  effect  of  Judge,  in  which  he  recapitulated  the  evidence,  laid 
chance  and  not  of  superior  skill  or  deliberate  aim.  down  the  law  on  the  subject,  and  pointed  out  the 
"  Gentlemen,  as  a  further  proof  that  the  de-  !  general  conduct  of  jurors  on  such  occasions)  re- 
ceased  went  out  with  a  fixed  determination  not  to  [  turned  a  verdict  of  Not  guilty. 
quit  the  ground  till  one  of  us  had  fallen — a  short  "In  the  United  Kingdom,  where  matters  of 
time  previous  to  leaving  his  quarters  he  took  off  this  unhappy  description  are  of  more  frequent  oc- 
a  flannel  waistcoat  and  flannel  shirt  (which  were  currence,  they  are,  I  might  almost  say,  sanctioned 
articles  of  dress  he  always  wore),  that  in  case  my  by  custom,  and  whatever  might  be  the  strict  letter 
fire  took  effect  nothing  might  be  carried  in  with  '  of  the  law,  in  some  degree  even  by  the  Judges 
the  ball  likely  to  irritate  or  increase  the  inflam-  themselves — as  in  the  case  of  Mr.  Alcock  and  his 
matipn  of  the  wound.  On  the  ground  he  threw  second,  who  were  in  the  year  1808  indicted  at 
off  his  coat,  keeping  nothing  on  but  trousers  and  the  Wexford  Assizes  for  the  wilful  murder  of  John 


linen  shirt. 


Colclough,   EsqM  in   a   duel,  which  arose   from  a 


"  It  is  not,  gentlemen,  in  the  power  of  language  quarrel  at  a  contested  election.  They  were 
to  convey  to  you  my  feelings  of  regret  for  the  honourably  acquitted  by  the  jury  ;  and  Baron 
fatal  result ;  but  even  should  your  verdict  consign  Smith,  before  whom  the  cause  was  tried,  in  dis- 
me  to  the  scaffold,  my  conscience  would,  in  my  j  charging  the  prisoners,  expressed  his  satisfaction 
last  moments,  acquit  me  of  any  vindictive  feeling  j  at  the  verdict.  .  .  . 

towards  the  ill-fated  man  who  fell  by  my  hand,  i  "  I  will  only  detain  you,  gentlemen,  to  mention 
But,  gentlemen,  the  more  I  reflect  on  the  melan-  \  one  case  more,  of  which  you,  no  doubt,  all  have 
choly  event,  the  more  I  am  convinced  that  I  could  j  heard — that  of  Col.  Montgomery  and  Capt.  Mac- 
not  possibly  have  acted  otherwise  than  I  have  !  namara.  A  quarrel  took  place  between  those  gen- 
done.  My  God  !  Gentlemen,  could  I  have  lived  j  tlemen  in  Hyde  Park,  in  consequence  of  their 
a  disgrace  to  that  honourable  profession  to  which  dogs  fighting.  A  duel  ensued,  and  Col.  Mont- 
my  life  has  been  devoted — to  my  family  and  to  |  gomery  fell.  Capt.  Macnamara  stood  his  trial  at 
my  country  ?  (the  Old  Bailey,  in  1803,  for  wilful  murder,  and 

"  I  must  here,  on  behalf  of  the  gentlemen  who  |  was  acquitted  by  the  jury  ;  and  I  cannot  close  my 
are  implicated  with  me  in  this  unhappy  business,  address  to  you  in  words  more  manly  and  eloquent 
beg  most  solemnly  to  declare  that  their  conduct  than  those  in  which  that  gentleman  concluded  his 
throughout  was  honourable  in  the  extreme  :  they  !  on  that  occasion.  He,  gentlemen,  was  a  captain 
were  alike  on  friendly  terms  with  us  both,  and  in  the  navy,  as  I  am  in  the  army  ;  the  same  high 
they  evinced  the  greatest  anxiety,  before  going  sense  of  honour,  the  same  tenacious  regard  for 
to  the  field,  and  when  there,  before  we  fired,  and  character,  are  alike  common  to  the  officers  in  both 
after  the  first  shot,  to  bring  the  matter  to  an  I  services  ;  but  I  will  give  you  his  own  words  : — 
amicable  conclusion.  Most  gladly,  gentlemen,  !  "  *  Gentlemen  (said  he),  I  am  a  captain  of  the 
would  I  have  complied  with  any  terms  they  pro-  British  Navy — my  character  you  can  only  hear 
posed,  confident  that  the  honour  of  both  parties  from  others  ;  but  to  maintain  any  character  in  that 
could  not  be  placed  in  safer  hands.  ...  ,  station  I  must  be  respected.  When  called  upon 

"  Gentlemen,  I  have  been  nearly  22  years  a  i  to  lead  others  into  honourable  dangers,  I  must  not 
soldier,  and  have  served  my  country  in  all  the  be  supposed  to  be  a  man  who  had  sought  safety 
campaigns  in  the  Peninsula,  at  Walcheren,  and  j  by  submitting  to  what  custom  has  taught  others 
in  America.  I  have  been  frequently  wounded,  !  to  consider  as  a  disgrace.  I  am  not  presuming 
and  I  have  been  a  prisoner  of  war.  During  this  j  to  urge  anything  against  the  laws  of  God,  or  of  this 
long  period,  you  must  naturally  suppose,  I  have  ;  land.  I  know  that,  in  the  eye  of  religion  and 
met  with  brother-officers  of  all  tempers  and  dis-  j  reason,  obedience  to  the  law,  though  against  the 
positions,  and  under  circumstances  calculated  to  I  general  feelings  of  the  world,  is  the  first  duty,  and 


prove  them  both  ;   but,   gentlemen,  till  this  un-  I  ought  to  be  the  rule  of  action  ;  but,  in  putting  a 


of  this  unhappy  description  which  has  oc-  !  in  terms  the  proper  feelings  of  a  gentleman  ;  but 


12  s. vni.  MAY  14,  i92i.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  385 


their  existence  has  supported  this  happy  country    Stoke,      to     which     the     deforciants     were 

for  many  ages,  and  she  might  perish  if  they  were   Katherine    Legay,    widow,     Thomas    Hollis 

lost.     Gentlemen,  I  will  detain  you  n  1        d  Harmah  fas  wife,  John  Solly  and  Martha 

^£^i7^££%*&?$*i   his    wife,    and    Elizabeth    Leg^y,    spinster 

liberties  of  my  country.' "  (Sussex  Record  Society).     The  widow  died 

H.  E.  RUDKIN,  Major.        in  1718,  aged  85  (Dallaway),  having  made 

Wallingford.  a  will  on  October  5,   1716,  proved  June  5, 

(To  be  continued.)  1718  (P.G.C.,  120  Tenison),  to  the  following 

effect  :— 

To    Mr.    John    Frencham    of    Sandwich    £50. 

LEGAY    OF    SOUTHAMPTON    AND         To   Mr.    John   Eaton    of    West  Stoke  £50.      To 

T  rkXTT^rnvr  two  students  in  divinity  to  be  nominated  by  Mr. 

.LUJN-LNJJN.  Clarke  of   Crutched  Friars  £50  each.       To  Mrs. 

(See  ante    p.  341,   362).  MaiT  Greene,  now  of  Childwall,  and  ?!r.  Isaac 

Greene  her  son,  £100  between  them  or  to  the  sur- 

IV.  ISAAC,  the  second  son  of  Peter,  was  vivor.  To  servant  Richard  Sims  £20.  All 
born  about  1625,  his  age  being  given  as  65  manors  in  Lancashire  and  Sussex  to  daughter 
at  his  death  in  1690  (Dallaway).  As  already  Hannah  Hollis  and  grandson  Richard  Solly,  who 
shown,  he  was  a  LoUonme^hant  trading  ^tn^esbf  l^A^^lfe 
to  Barbados  and  New  England  also,  and  Thomas  Barren.  A  codicil  dated  February  22, 
lord  of  the  manors  of  Childwall,  &c.,  in  |  1717/8,  states  that  having  sold  her  manors  in 
Lancashire,  succeeding  to  West  Stoke  on  !  Lancashire  to  Mr.  Isaac  Greene,  the  above-named 
c  *Q+^«T.'«  rl^n+Vi  WA  mavnVrl  K"af>iAT-ir,^  executors  are  to  complete  the  transaction  in  case 
his  father  death.  Me  married  l^atnerine ,  .  testatrix  should  die  before  completing  it.  The 
one  of  the  daughters  of  Edward  Williams,  of  manor  Of  West  Stoke  is  confirmed  to  them, 
a  Dorset  family.  Her  sister  Honor  married  Witnesses  :  Mary  Datchon,  Lans.  Sims,  Thomas 
Richard  Lardner  of  Kingston,  in  Portsea,  ,  Barren. 

irerchant  (will  P.C.C.,  64  Duke),  and  so  i  Frencham  and  Eaton  were  probably  Non- 
became  grandmother  of  the  celebrated  conformist  ministers,  but  very  little  has  been 
Nonconformist  scholar  Nathaniel  Lardner  done  for  the  history  of  the  Nonconformist 
(1684-1768).  Isaac  and  Katherine  had  congregations  outside  London  and  Lan- 
issue— Samuel,  Hannah,  Elizabeth  and  cashire  ;  a  John  Eaton  was  sometime 
Martha.  Of  these  Hannah  married  Thomas  \  minister  at  Stoke  Newington.  "  Mr.  Clarke 
Hollis ;  Elizabeth  seems  to  have  died  un-  Of  Crutched  Friars  "  was  Samuel  Clarke, 
married,  and  received  in  1690  a  legacy  of  mmister  of  the  Independent  Chapel  in 
£100  under  the  will  of  Robert  Thorner  of  Miles  Lane,  a  chapel  which  is  still  com- 
Baddesley,  Hants  (Waters,  '  Geneal.  Glean-  memOrated  by  the  name  of  Meeting  House 
ings,'  i.  477),  who  may  be  the  Thorner  Yard  in  that  lane ;  he  died  in  1726,  and 
named  in  the  deed  cited  above  ;  and  Martha  according  to  his  will  was  of  the  parish  of  St. 
married  John  Solly  (not  Nicholas  Solly,  Qlave's,  Hart  Street,  in  which  parish  is 
as  in  V.C.H.,  Lancashire)  of  Sandwich  Crutched  Friars  (P.C.C.,  94  Plymouth), 
and  Ash  Elizabeth  and  Martha  died  Soon' after  Mrs.  Legay's  death,  by  lease 
between  1700  and  1716  By  his  will  dated  and  release  of  Jul  17/lg  1?lg  between 
December  10,  1689,  and  proved  June  8  1691  (1)  Thomag  Hollig  and  Martha  ^  wife 
<P.C.C.  99  Vere),  Isaac  Legay  of  West  Stoke  2  Richard  Solly,  son  and  heir  of  Martha 
bequeathed  \SoHy  deceased,  late  wife  of  John  Solly  of 

to  his  wife  Katherine  and  only  son  Samuel  all  Sandwich,  mercer;  and  (3)  John  Hollis  of 
manors,  lands,  &c.,  in  Childwall,  Much  Woulton  ,  ,  Tv  ,, 

and  Little  Woulton,  in  Lancashire,  and  West  Stoke,  London,  draper,  and  Jeremy  Hunt  —  the 
near  Chichester  ;  to  be  disposed  of,  if  necessary,  estate  at  West  Stoke  (including  seven.- 
to  pay  debts,  &c.  To  his  daughters  Elizabeth  eighths  of  the  manor)  was  transferred  to 

onLMavtha-ib^.unmarri,(:d  a£d  under,  aff)  John  Hollis  and  Hunt  as  trustees  for  the 
£500  each,  with  £500  more  after  the  wife's  death.  v,0,'r.«  A^rl  +V,on  ™  T-,ir^  9»  17Q1  K^ 
To  servant  Elizabeth  Brand  £5.  The  executors  i  *J  j?'  ,_  .  f^  ?n,  T?  n-  '  •}•  '  ^ 

were  the  wife  and  son,  to  have  £20  each,  i  deeds  between  (1)  John  Hollis,  citizen  and 
Witnesses  :  Samuel  Marner,  John  Forder,  William  ;  draper  of  London,  and  Isaac  Solly  of  Sand- 
Harwood.  wich,  mercer,  the  devisees  in  trust  under  the 

V.  Samuel  Legay,  the  son,  died  in  Lan-  will  of  Richard  Solly,  late  of  the  pariah  of 
cashire  in  1700,  apparently  unmarried  and  Holy  Trinity  in  the  Minories,  cutler  ;  (2) 
without  issxie.  Soon  after  his  death,  viz.,  Anne  Solly,  widow  and  executrix  of  Richard 
at  Michaelmas,  1700,  a  fine  was  levied  on  '  and  guardian  of  Richard  Solly,  an  infant, 
the  seven-eighths  of  the  manor  of  West  grandson  of  John  Solly  and  eldest  son  and 


386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.vm.  11^-14,1921. 


heir  of  the  said  Richard;  (3)j  Thomas 
Pellett  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  M.D. ; 
and  (4)  Thomas  Spence  of  the  same  parish 
and  Anne  his  wife — the  estate  was  sold  by 
(1)  and  (2)  to  Dr.  Pellett  under  the  direction 
of  the  Spences  for  £6,000  (Close  Roll 
5436,  No.  17). 

For  the  Spence  family  see  Berry's  '  Sussex 
Pedigrees.'  Thomas  Spence  was  Serjeant- 
at-Arms  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
died  in  1737.  By  his  wife,  Anne  Barrett, 
he  left  a  daughter  and  heir,  Henrietta 
(born  1719),  who  married  Thomas  Powys. 
Their  eldest  son  Thomas  was  the  first  Lord 
Lilford.  Thomas  Powys  and  Henrietta 
his  wife  were  deforciants  in  a  fine  concerning 
the  manor  of  West  Stoke  in  1758  ;  and  in ', 
1764,  according  to  Dallaway,  the  repre- 
sentatives of  Anne  Spence,  widow,  sold  it  i 
to  the  Duke  of  Richmond.  The  eighth: 
part  held  by  Peter  Legay  the  younger  in  i 
1660  has  not  been  traced  further. 
-  As  bearing  on  the  Solly  descent  (see 
Pedigree  in  Add.  MS.  5520,  fo.  299,  No. 
120)  may  be  cited  a  mortgage  deed  of 
December  8,  1717,  between  John  Solly  of 
Sandwich,  mercer,  and  Thomas  Hollis, 
citizen  and  draper  of  London,  by  which  the 
former  gave  to  the  latter  for  £2,153  estates 
called  the  Moate,  &c.,  in  Ash,  some  purchased 
by  himself  and  the  rest  inherited  from  his 
father  Richard  Solly.  This  latter  part 
descended  in  gavelkind  to  Richard's  three 
sons — Richard,  Stephen  and  John  ;  but 
Richard  and  Stephen  had  transferred  their 
third  parts  to  John  in  1697  (Close  Roll 
5110,  No.  7). 

The  Sollys  became  sole  heirs  of  the  Legay 
family,  for  Thomas  Hollis  had  no  children. 
He  and  his  family  were  benefactors  of  Sheffield 
and  of  Harvard.  See  Hunter's  *  Hallamshire, ' 
p.  318,  and  Waters's  '  Gen.  Gleanings,'  for 
wills.  J.  BROWNBILL. 


"  GOG  AND  MAGOG." 
THE    GUILDHALL    EFFIGIES. 

THESE  their  popular  names  have  obscured 
the  more  accurate  identification  of  "  Gog- 
magog  "  for  the  older  bearded  figure  armed 
with  sword,  bow  and  arrows,  and  what 
is  derisively  known  as  a  "  holy -water 
sprinkler."  The  younger  figure  with  sword, 
shield  and  halberd  only  is  "  Corineus." 
Thus  they  would  be  labelled  if  they  came  to 
be  preserved  for  their  antiquity,  and  there  is 
an  allusion  to  the  existence  of  effigies  so 
named  in  1558  ('  Glory  of  Regality,'  p.  287), 


but  until  the  Restoration  there  is  no  work  that 
by  description,  satire  or  legend  can  commence 
their     bibliography.       The     earliest     dated 
work  relating  to  them   is    (1)  '  A  Dialogue 
Between    the     Two     Giants    in    Guildhall ; 
Colebrond    and    Brandmore,    &c.,    London, 
printed  for  the  author,  1661.'     This  pamph- 
let is  merely  a  satire    on    the    meeting    of 
citizens  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue  between 
the  giants,  who  finally  express  their  intention 
to  step  down  and  leave  the  Guildhall: — 
Thus  we  the  Genii  of  this  place, 
Bather  than  see  a  new  Disgrace, 
Defenceless  leave  this  thankless  Hall, 
A  brave  Adventure  doth  us  Call. 
Apparently   till   this    date    and   even   later 
their  principal  use  was  as  effigies  in  pageants, 
stored  betweenwhiles   at   the  Guildhall.     A 
few  years  earlier  (1659)  a  single  sheet,    (2) 
'The    Citie's    New    Poet's     Mock     Show,* 
provides  : — 

Against  the  old  Change 
A  Pag'ant  did  meet  him, 
And  there  a  Gyant  also  did  greet  him. 
There  was  no  horse  in  London  could  fit  him. 
Of   these   early   allusions   most   useful   is 
that   in   Shirley's    '  Contention   for   Human 
Riches,'    1633     (repeated   in   his    '  Honoria 
and  Mammon,'    1652),  where,  ridiculing  the 
civic  pageant'  on  Lord  Mayor's  Day  and  the 
citizens'  love  of  good  cheer,  "  after  them,"  he 
continues,   "  you  march  to  Guildhall,   with 
every  man  his  spoon  in  his  pocket,  where 
you   look   upon   the    giants    and   fced   like 
Saracens." 

It  was  near  these  two  giants — then  on 
the  north  wall,  that  Thomas  Boreman, 
bookseller,  published,  in  1741,  (3)  'The 
Gigantick  of  the  two  famous  Giants  in 
Guildhall,  London.'  This  exceedingly  rare 
and  diminutive  work  in  two  volumes, 
64mp.  (2£  X  1£),  at  4d.  each,  apparently 
attained  three  editions  in  its  year  of  publica- 
tion. They  contain  much  useful  informa- 
tion, and  William  Hone  later  wisely 
observed  : — 

The  publisher  had  the  best  means  that  time 
and  place  could  afford  of  obtaining  true  informa- 
tion, and  for  obvious  reasons  he  was  unlikely  to 
state  what  was  not  correct. 

It  is  this  industrious  writer's  work  that 
apparently  comes  next  in  chronological 
order.  In  1823  William  Hone  had  printed 
and  published  his  useful  volume  (4)  '  Ancient 
Mysteries  Described,'  &c.  Part  xi.  on 
pp.  262-276  relates  to  'The  Giants  in 
Guildhall.'  Not  only  is  this  the  first, 
fullest  and  most  exact  history  of  the  effigies, 
but  the  illustration,  representing  them 
in  their  present  position,  was  drawn  and 


12  s. vni.  MAY  14, 192L]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


387 


tched    by    George    Cruikshank.        Hone's 
research  was  so  excellent  that  his  remarks 
are^used  and  re -used  to  this  day  ;     in  his 
own'  time  (1825)  J.  S.  Forsyth  lifted  them 
bodily  into  his  unfamiliar  work,   (5)   *  The 
Antiquary's    Portfolio  '  (vol.  i.,  pp.    50-60).  ; 
The   literature   of  this   subject   of   the   two  j 
giants  became,  after  Hone's  excellent  work,  j 
almost    fragmentary.        In    1830    appeared ! 
(6)    'Civic   Groans,   or  the   Lament  of  Gog! 
and  Magog,   with  an  additional   Groan  for 
the  Shade  of  a  late  City  Epicure.'      This  is  ; 
a  satire  much  after  the  style  of  No.  1,  which  i 
had    an    earlier    imitator    in    1768,    (7)    'A 
Dialogue  between  the  two  Giants  at  Guild- 
hall, to  which  is  added  a  vindication  of  two 
of     Mr.     W(ilke)'s    Election    Pieces,'     8vo.  i 
Almost   of    Hone's    period    is    that  pseudo- 1 
antiquarian  (8)  '  Gog  and  Magog,  a  Legen-  i 
dary     Ballad,'     published     by     Effingham 
Wilson,    1836,    but    not    until    1859,  when: 
Camden  Hotten  published  that  pleasant  little 
volume  (9)  by  P.  W.  Fairholt,   F.S.A.,  '  Gog 
and  Magog,   the   Giants   in  Guildhall,'  was 
there    a    serious    attempt    to    follow    Hone  j 
•HI    the    antiquarian    consideration    of     the 
subject.    Even  this  book  was  an  enlargement  i 
of  a  somewhat  desultory  lecture,  but  so  far  i 
as  I  am  aware  nothing  has  displaced  it  or  | 
even  have  there  been  better  essays  in  mock  j 
or   real    consideration    of   their    significance 
than  those  appearing  in  The   New  Monthly  \ 
Magazine     (June    and    July,     1828),    '  Gog 
and    Magog,'     '  Vindiciae    magogianae.'     If  | 
any  other  writer  has  essayed  to  expound 
the  subject  I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  of  his  j 
work. 

Obviously  the  giants  require  a  biography 
worthy  of    their  antiquity,  significance  and  j 
association  with  civic  magnificence. 

ALECK  ABBAHAMS. 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 
(See  ante,  pp.  163,  224,  265,  305,  343.) 

16    RECEIPTES  FOR  POUDER.     28 

Of  Robt  Saunders  of  walberswick  July  1th 
to  pay  for  shott  and  powder  that  was 
shott  at  A  man  of  warr  that  gave  him 
chase 01  00  00 

Of  John  Reynolds  which  m*  Austen  of 
London  paid  him  to  pay  for  shott  and 
powder  that  was  spent  in  defending  Robt 
Saunders  against  the  man  of  warr  that 
gave  him  chase  July  1th  ..  ..01  02  00 


Of  mr  Thompson  Jun  for  a  pound  of 

powder  . .  . .          . .  . .      00  01  00 

Of  Arthur  Blowers  for  shott  and  powder 

for  A  Saker  shott  at  his  apointment  00  05  00 
Of  Robt  Foreman  for  6  pounds  of 

lead 00  00  09 

Of  John  Taylour  for  his  swyne  going  in  the 

street  contrary  to  an  order  made   . .      00  01  00 

16    PAYMENTS.     28 

For  stoneing  of  the  markett  place       . .      00  04  04 

To  Cooke  for  mending  of  the  fence  in  the 
marshe  and  the  sinkes  in  the  market  and 
sharping  of  a  load  of  spiles  and  other 

things. .  ..          00  08   08 

Jan vary. 

To  Richard  Pootey  for  pfume  &  oyle  for  the 
Clock  . .  . .  00  01  10 

Paid  to  the  Sarjeants  there  quarters  wages 
due  at  Chrismes  . .  . .  . .  01  05  00 

For  mending  of  the  drum        . .          . .      00  00  08 

For  washing  of  the  Carpett     . .          . .      00  00  06 

For  faighing  of  the  sinke  and  scoring  of  the 
gutter  00  04  09 

For  glazing  of  the  Church  windowes  . .      01  15  04 

To  the  masons  for  mending  the  Crosse  and 
there  stuff 01  03  01 

To  mr  John  Blowers  for  half  a  hundred  of 
fishe  and  a  Cade  of  full  herings  for  Captaine 
Hayward  02  06  00 

more  to  him  that  he  paid  unto  Tho  :  Insent 
for  woode  and  Coales  for  the  Towne  house 
fire 00  03  06 

More  to  him  that  he  gave  to  soldiers  and 
lame  men  at  sundrie  tymes  . .  . .  00  05  00 

Paid  unto  the  widowe  Blomefeild  by  the 
apointment  of  Mr  Baylifs  for  healing  of  a 
poore  womans  legg  . .  . .  . .  00  10  00 

For  paper  to  make  or  bookes    . .  . .      00  00  06 

To  Willm  Bardwell  for  wine  and  dyett  when 
Sir  Simeon  Stuard  was  in  Towne  . .  01  16  00 

To  Willm  Bredlie  for  Sheets  for  poore  people 
taken  by  the  Churchwardens  as  apeere  by 
his  bill 00  09  10 

To  James  Beetes  for  taking  of  a  Towne  childe 
called  Phillip  Durrant  . .  . .  03  00  00 

March. 

To  Willm  Dinyngton  Mch.  6  for  making  of 
two  Oloakes  for  the  Sarjeants  &  2  skaines 
ofsilke  00  03  06 

more  to  mr  Thompson  money  that  he  laid  out 
at  London  for  discharge  of  issues  upon  the 
quo  warrant o  against  the  markett. .  00  08  00 

more  to  him  for  sparinge  proces  that 
tearme  00  03  04 

more  to  him  for  the  Indentures  for  the 
pliament  for  the  Burgesses  and  the  Clarks 
fee  and  for  two  procklimacons  . .  00  07  00 

To  the  widow  Wells  and  John  Boothe  for 
beere  and  bread  for  men  that  wrought  when 
the  Ordnance  were  had  ashore  &  mounted 
and  for  4  pounds  of  tallow  ..  ..  00  12  08 

To  Cossie  the  Carpenter  for  his  worke  about 
the  Towne  mill  Mch.  21th  ..  ..  000206 

To  Charles  Warne  the  sarjeant  his  quarters 
wages  due  at  our  Ladie  ..  ..  00  12  06 

To  Mr  Thomson  Towne  Clerke  his  quarters 
wages  due  at  our  Ladie  . .  . .  03  00  00 

Paid  for  Canvis  for  catteridges  for  the 
Ordnance  00  02  00 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  &vni.  MAY  14.1921. 


Paid  unto  mr  Marshall  that  he  laid  out  to  a 
Doore  man  for  working  at  the  bull- 
worke  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  00  04 

Paid  unto  Bobt  Beomond  for  a  discharge  for 
the  hoighe  that  brought  the  ordnance  00  02  05 

Paid  to  the, widow  Insent  Aprill  6  for  the 
pt  of  her  husbands  wages  and  the 

Cloake 01  10  00 

Aprill. 

Paid  to  Sir  Williams  Baylif  for  Rent  for  the 
forge  for  one  hole  yeere  due  at  or  Ladie 
1628  ..  01  00 

Paid  for  provision  for  a  barrell  for  the 
bekon  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  00 


June. 

Paid  for  a  newe  head  for  the  Towne  drum 
and  for  putting  it  on . .  . .  . .  00  03 

To  John  Cocker  for  a  dayes  worke  to  mend 
the  gate  and  fence  in  the  Churchyard  00  01 

To  John  Urvis  for  Ringing  for  Joy  for  good 
newes  f rom  the  pliament  June  1 2   ..      00  05 
July. 

To  Richard  Pootey  for  pfume  candle,  for 
nayles  and  for  sope  for  the  wheeles  of  the 
ordnance  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  03 

To  Charles  Warne  for  Captaine  Haiwards 
diner  and  them  that  were  ^with  him  he 
being  in  Towne  and  trayned  the  soldiers 
July  9.  p.  mr  Baylifs  apo^t  . .  .  .  00  0 4 

To  Edward  Gowlding  for  2  hundred  lead 
nailes  for  the  Church  July  14  . .  00  06 

Paid  by  the  apointment  of  mr  Baylif  Blowers 
for  beere  bestowed  on  John  Reynolds  and 
other  with  him  when  he  brought  money 
from  mr  Austen  of  London  to  pay  for 
powder  and  shott  spent  in  defending 
Robt  Saunders  from  a  man  of  warr  00  01 
August. 

To  Willm  Lawrence  for  a  lyne  for  the 

Clocke 00  02 

Paid  to  John  Daniell  September  3  for  his 
worke  and  stuff  to  mend  seats  in  the 
Church  and  for  mending  of  one  of  the 

beeres  . .      00  12 

September. 

To  Edward  Gowlding  for  Irons  for  the  bells 
and  for  one  of  the  beeres  . .  . .  00  05 

To  Francis  Chapman  for  his  sonnes  beating 
the  drum  for  the  wache  . .  . .  00  05 

To  John  Booth  by  mr  Baylifs  apointment 
for  his  paines  for  gathering  the  money 
for  keyage  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  *10 

To  the  wife  of  Robt  Pootey  and  Roger  for 
keeping  the  beakons  for  the  haven  for  one 
yeere  due  at  St  Michaell       . .          . .      02  00 
October. 

Paid  October  4  for  tryming  of  the  Clock     00  06 

To  mr  Taplie  for  Clarkes  wages  . .      02  00 

more  to  mr  Taplie  for  lactage. .          . .      01  06 

more  to  m.r  Taplie  for  Rent  for  Fowlers 
fearme  for  one  yeere  due  at  St 
Michaell  00  00 

To  John  Cooke  for  work  about  the  bell  in 
the  markett  and  for  some  other 

worke  . .  00  02 

Novemb.  . 

To  John  Daniell  for  tymber  and  planke  and 
workemanshipp  for  a  new  stall  in  the 
market  . .  . .  .'.  . .  00  08 


00  | 
06 

08 
04 
00 

06 

04  \ 
08 

| 

I 
00 

00 

08 

04 

00 

00 

00 

04 
00  ! 

08  \ 
\ 
I 

08 

06 
06 


more  to  John  Dannell  for  a  deale  and  half 
for  mr  Baylifs  seate  in  the  Church. .  00  01  06 

To  Beales  the  mason  faighing  of  a  well 
belonging  to  one  of  the  Towne  houses  and 
for  some  other  worke  that  he  did  at 
Church  00  04  04 

Paid  to  John  Cooke  for  worke  done  to  the 
wach  bell 00  01  00 

December. 

For   Candle  for  the   Towne  house   chamber 

decembr  16 00  00  01 

To  mr  John  Bence  senr  December  17th,  for 

16   Cuple    of   great   lings    given   unto    mr 

Hooker  04  10  00 

more  to  him  for  the  wache  bell  waighing 

5  pounds  and  half  with  the  handle ..  00  06  04 
more  to  him  money  geven  unto  7  Irishe 

people  and  unto  2  Yarmouth  men . .  00  02  00 
To  mr  Thomson  for  2  daies  worke  and  £  of 

his  man  about  the  sinks  in  the  street  00  02  06 
Paid  to  mr  Thomas  Johnson  at  London  as 

by  Receipts  from  him  apeereth  . .  62  15  00 
For  drawyng  of  term  peecs  of  Ordnance  from 

Sloughton 01  00  00 

Geven  to  5  men  sett  on  shore  by  a  Scotchman 

at    Yarmouth    and    were    to    travell    to 

Dartmouth 00  07  06 

To  Palmer  for  sheeting  leads  and  his  work 

about  the  Church  to  the  1 3  of  July . .  07  19  00 
geven  3  souldiers  and  one  woman  landed 

August  6  00  04  00 

Geven  to  a  Daneshe  marchant  the  15  of 

September 00  02  00 

For  use  of  63K.for  2  monthes  . .  . .  00  16  09 

Mr  Thomas  Johnson  his  bill  of  pay- 
ments for  the  Ordnance  as  followeth 

Paid  to  my  Lord  of  Suff  secretarie  mr  More 
February  5  . .  01  00  00 

To  the  Porter  the  5  day  . .          . .      00  02  00 

To  the  Earle  of  Totneyes  Secretarie  for  the 
first  warrant  01  00  00 

To  mr  Muttes  the  Clerke  of  the  Counsell  for 
the  prefering  of  the  petition  and  for 
wrighting  out  of  the  Counsells  order  and 
for  a  Coppie  of  the  same  . .  . .  02  00  00 

To  the  dore  keeper  the  llth  of  february     00  02  00 

To  the  Earle  of  Totneyes  secretarie  for  the 
second  warrant  01  00  00 

for  drawing  of  two  petitions  to  present  to 
my  Lord  Duke  00  03  00 

To  mr  Nicholas  my  Lord  Dukes  secretarie 
upon  the  discharge  of  the  shipp  . .  01  00  00 

To  the  laborers  of  the  Towre  wharfe  for 
bringing  the  ordnance  to  the  Crane  and 
for  the  streeking  of  them  into  the  hoigh 


and  there  carriage 


01  01  00 


To  the  Smith  which  bound  the  cariage  00  02  00 
To  the  cariage  makers  men  . .  . .  00  02  00 
To  the  wheele  makers  men  . .  . .  00  02  00 
To  mr  Browshe  mr  Evellens  man  . .  00  10  00 
To  the  Clerke  of  the  Towre  for  making  of 

the  Indenture  and  Counterpane  . .  0&  06  00 
To  the  Carter  that  brought  down  the  shott 

and  powder  and  other  things  . .  00  04  00 

for  drawing  downe  of  the  cariage  . .  00  10  00 
To  mr  More  my  Lord  of  Suff  secretarie  the 

5th    day    of    nich    for    his    note     to     mr 

Evellen  01  00  00 

To  Launcelote  for  my  Cocket  and  band 

and  in  the  serchers  office     . .          . .      00  12  00 


2  s. VITI.  MAY  14, 1921.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


389 


To  the  Overseers  of  the  Towre          . .      05  00  00 
To  mr  John  Bence  sent  for  the  hire  of  his 

horse    .  .  .  .      '     01  00  00 

for  my  horse  hire  downe  from  London     00  10  00 
For  37  daies  being  from  the  first  of  february 
to  the  8th  of  mch  at  2s  the  day  for  my 

expence  and  diet 03  14  00 

To  mr  Benes  his  sonne 01   00  00 

To  mr  Benes  himself 02  00  00 

For  a  dinner  with  mr  Hooker  and  mr  Morres 
and    the    rest    of    the    Overseers    of    the 

Towre  02  00  00 

To  the  hoigh  man  for  his  fraught  downe     08  00  00 

Sum     . .      34  00  00 

More  for  10  barrells  of  the  best  powder  at 
£4  17s.  6d.  the  barell. .  . .      48  15  00 


Totall      .  .      82  15  00 

Aldeburgh,  Suffolk.          ARTHUR  T.  WlNN. 
(To  be  continued.) 


CAPTAIN  ROBERT  WYARD. — In  accordance 
with  the  terms  of  a  bequest  made  by  Capt. 
Wyard  in  1677,  I  preached  on  April  23  my 
eightieth  sermon  on  the  text,  Ps.  cvii.  23,  24, 
"  They  that  go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships,-that 
do  business  in  great  waters  ;  these  see  the 
works  of  the  Lord  and  His  wonders  in  the 
deep.'1  That  Capt.  Wyard  was  a  man  of 
some  importance  during  the  Commonwealth 
is  evident  from  the  fact  that  a  very  fine  gold 
medal,  of  the  value  of  £50,  was  presented 
to  him,  illustrating  a  naval  action  in  the 
North  Sea  on  July  31,  1650,  when,  with 
one  ship  of  22  guns  and  after  a  long  fight, 
he  beat  off  six  Royalist  frigates,  whose 
armament  amounted  to  118  guns,  and 
brought  his  convoy  safely  to  their  desti- 
nations. The  master  and  officers  and  men 
received  medals  similar  in  design  and  of 
values  from  £5  to  five  shillings.  One  of 
the  inferior  medals,  the  property  of  the  late 
Rev.  James  Cooke,  was  sold  by  Messrs. 
Knight,  Frank  and  Rut  ley  in  Jan.,  1917, 
for  £310. 

The  reason  for  this  somewhat  singular 
bequest  was  that  Capt.  Wyard,  who  was 
a  native  of  Earl  Soham,  had  been  'ship- 
wrecked on  Feb.  25  and  April  23,  and  in 
thankfulness  for  his  escapes  he  left  a 
charge  of  £5  on  land  in  Worlingworth 
for  the  preaching  of  a  sermon  on  the 
above  text  on  the  anniversaries  of  his 
shipwrecks,  the  money  to  be  divided 
between  the  preacher,  the  poor  people 
present,  the  bell-ringers  and  the  parish 
officials.  The  subject  is  so  interesting  and 
the  Psalm  itself  so  beautiful  that  it  has 
never  been  difficult,  especially  in  time  of 
war,  to  interest  the  poor  people  present, 


and  the  benefaction  has,  I  think,  been 
useful  in  reminding  the  parish  of  its  duty 
to  remember  our  seamen.  Robert  Wyard 
was  baptized  here  on  May  7,  1612,  and 
was  probably  38  years  old  at  the  time  of 
the  naval  action.  I  have  written  this  letter 
in  the  hope  that  some  of  your  readers  may 
be  able  to  give  me  information  about  Capt. 
Wyard  which  can  be  added  to  our  parish 
records.  .  R.  ABBAY. 

Earl  Soham. 

'  MARTIN  CHTJZZLEWIT  ' :  ELIJAH  POGRAM. 
— Has  any  contributor  pointed  out  the 
original  germ  of  the  Hon.  Elijah  Pogram's 
eulogium  on  Mr.  Hannibal  Chollop,  which 
appears  in  chap,  xxxiv.  of  '  Martin  Chuzzle- 
wit '  ? 

In  the  Appendix  to  vol.  ii.  of  Mr.  R.  H. 
Thornton's  '  American  Glossary '  there  is 
a  collection  of  verses,  anecdotes,  "  tall  talk," 
&c.,  from  various  American  sources.  One 
specimen  of  the  last-named  is  quoted  from 
The  San  Francisco  Call  of  Dec.  3,  1856, 
and  runs  thus  : — 

An  Illinois  lawyer,  in  defending  a  thief,  said 
to  the  jury  : — "  True,  he  was  rude,  so  air  our 
bars.  True,  he  was  rough,  so  air  our  buffaloes. 
But  he  was  a  child  of  freedom  and  his  answer  to 
the  despot  and  tyrant  was  that  his  home  was  on 
the  bright  setting  sun." 

In  Mr.  Pogram's  version  this  appears  as  : — 

Bough  he  may  be.     So  air  our  Barrs.     Wild 

he   may   be.     So   air   our  Buffalers.     But   he   is 

•  a  child  of  Natur'  and  a  child  of  Freedom  ;  and  his 

boastful  answer  to  the    Despot  and    the  Tyrant 

is,  that  his  bright  home  is  in  the  Settin'  Sun. 

Dickens  adds  that  part  of  this  referred 
'  to  a  Western  postmaster,  who,  being  a 
public  defaulter  not  very  long  before,  had 
been  removed  from  office  ;  and  on  whose 
behalf  Mr.  Pogram  (he  voted  for  Pogram) 
had  thundered  the  last  sentence  from  his 
seat  in  Congress,  at  the  head  of  an  un- 
popular President. 

Dickens's  first  visit  to  the  United  States 
was  in  1842,  and  '  Chuzzlewit '  was  pub- 
lished in  1843. 

But  although  this  appeared  in  The  San 
Francisco  Call  in  1866  no  date  is  given  to 
the  oration,  and  it  may  well  have  appeared 
in  the  Eastern  press  about  the  time  of 
Dickens's  visit,  and  slowly  worked  its  way 
(in  the  pre-railway  era)  across  the  American 
Continent. 

It  seems  to  me  more  probable  that  this 
was  Dickens's  original  source  than  that  The 
San  Francisco  Call  "  lifted  "  it  from  '  Martin 
Chuzzlewit.'  R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

12,  Poynders  Road,  Clapham  Park. 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [us.TOnaxi4.iML 


CRUCIFIXION  OF  DOGS. — The  following 
explanation  of  this  custom  is  given  by 
Pliny  :— 

We  have  already  spoken  of  the  honours  earned 
by  the  geese  when  the  Gauls  were  detected  in 
their  attempt  to  scale  the  Capitol.  It  is  for  a 
corresponding  reason,  also,  that  punishment  is 
yearly  inflicted  upon  the  dogs,  by  crucifying 
them  alive  upon  a  gibbet  of  elders  between  the 
temple  of  Juventas  and  that  of  Summanus. — 
Pliny's  '  Natural  History,'  Bk.  xxix.,  ch.  xiv.,  in 
Bonn's  '  Classical  Library.' 

According  to  the  '  Book  of  Rites,'  the  an- ; 
cient  Chinese  used  to  crucify  the  dogs  inj 
the  last  month  of  spring  at  the    southern, ! 
western,  and  northern  gates  of  the  Imperial 
Court — the  eastern  one  excepted,  because  of ! 
the  east  being  the  ward,  as  it  were,  of  the ' 
growth  of  all  living  beings — thus  to  expel 
the  powers  inimical  to  their   development 
and  to  complete  the  vernal  influence.     Also 
it  £was  their  custom  to  crucify  the  dogs  at 
the  four  gates  of  villages  to  defend  them  | 
from   evil   spirits   and   marauders,    and   to  j 
inscribe  with  the  white  dogs'  blood  the  gates  : 
and  doors  of  every  house  to  repel  the  malevo- 
lent   powers    (Ying  Chau,    '  Fung-siih-tung,' 
second    cent.     A.D.,     tome    viii.       Similar  i 
applications  of  the  dogs  in  Scotland  and  the 
Western  Himalayas  and  among  the  Iroquois  : 
are    described     in    Frazer's    '  The    Golden  j 
Bough,'  1890,  vol.  ii.,  pp.   194-195.     Taking! 
these    into    consideration,    it    would    seem 
that   the  Roman  usage  had   originated  in 
regarding  the   dogs  as   scapegoats — not  as 
punishment  for  their  neglectful  silence  on 
the  occasion  of  the  Gauls  scaling  the  Capitol. 

KUMAGUSTJ     MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

DEATHS  (12  S.  viii.  266).  —  In  con- 
tinuation of  my  Note  at  this  reference  : — 

At  Traquair,"  Jan.  10th,  1789,  Rev.  Alex. 
Adams,  minister  of  Traquair. 

At  Liberton,  Jan.,  1789,  Rev.  Thos. 
Whyte,  minister  of  Liberton. 

At  London,  Jan.,  1789,  at  the  house  of 
General  Conway,  Miss  Campbell,  dau.  of  the 
late  Lord  William  Campbell,  brother  of 
the  Duke  of  Argyll. 

At  Cumnock,  Jan.  15th,  1789,  Mrs.  Miller, 
wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Miller,  minister  of  Cumnock. 

At  Perth,  Jan.  10th,  1789,  Mrs.  Wood, 
wife  of  Dr.  Robert  Wood. 

At  Inverness,  Jan.  9th,  1789,  Mr.  Kenneth 
Schevig,  Merchant. 

At  Lauriston,  Jan.  20th,  1789,  James 
Balmain,  Esq.,  Commissioner  of  Excise. 

At  Middleburgh,  Dec.  19th,  1788, 
James  Turing,  Esq. 


At  Edinburgh,  Jan.  21st,  1789,  Charlotte 
Carstairs,  dau.  of  James  Bruce  Carstairs, 
of  Kinross,  Esquire. 

At  Edinburgh,  Jan.  12th,  1789,  Mrs. 
Catherine  Sinclair,  relict  of  William  Budge, 
of  Postingal,  Writer  to  the  Signet. 

At  Dundee,  Jan.,  1789,  Henrv  Crawford, 
Esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Jan.,  1789,  Miss  Mary 
Scott,  of  Jamaica. 

JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


KING  OF  ENGLAND,  LORD  OF  BAUX. — 
Does  our  Sovereign,  among  his  foreign 
titles,  bear  one  from  Baux,  a  small  place 
in  the  south  of  France,  not  far  from  Orange, 
whence  comes  the  Orange -Nassau  title.  I 
find  that,  many  years  ago,  an  antiquary 
told  me  when  in  that  part  of  France  that 
our  Queen  was  Countess  of  Baux,  and  that 
there  was  an  ancient  prophecy  that  a 
countess  of  that  place  would  become 
Empress  of  India  ! 

J.  H.  RlVETT-CARNAC. 
Hotel  Trois  Couronnes,  Vevey,  Switzerland. 

LIVES  OF  VENETIAN  PAINTERS. — Where 
can  I  consult  a  copy  of  the  following  work  : 
'  Compendio  delle  Vite  de'  Pittori  Vene- 
ziani,'  by  Alessandro  Longhi,  published 
in  Venice,  1762  ? 

It  is  not  in  the  British  Museum. 

There  is  a  reference  to  it  in  '  Pietro 
Longhi,'  by  Aldo  Rava  (Collezione  di  Mono- 
grafie  Illustrate),  1909  ;  and  it  is  mentioned 
in  Lanzi's  '  Storia  pittorica  della  Italia,' 
1809, 

Alessandro  Longhi  (1733-1813)  was  the 
son  of  Pietro  Longhi,  the  well-known 
painter.  (MRS.)  HILDA  F.  FINBERG. 

47,  Holland  Road,  Kensington,  W.14. 

MENZEL'S  '  GERMAN*  LITERATURE.'  - — 
This  book  was  translated  in  1840  by  Thomas 
Gordon.  Was  he  the  Thomas  Gordon  of 
Cairness  (1788-1841),  who  wrote  the  *  History 
of  the  Greek  Revolution  '  (1832)  ? 

J.      M.      BULLOCH. 
37,   Bedford   Square,   W.C.I. 


i2s.viii.MAYU.iosi.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


391 


NAPOLEON  AS  A  CHILD. — My  family  have 
in  their  possession  a  very  attractive  painting 
of  this  title,  said  to  be  the  work  of  Boily,  a 
French  painter,  who  exhibited  the  picture 
in  the  Salon. 

I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  facts  both  about 
the  painter  and  the  picture.  The  latter  was 
inherited  by  ray  family,  with  the  above  re- 
putation attached  to  it. 

H.  WILBEKFOBCE-BELL. 

ARMS  or  ELLINGHAM.— Will  some  of  your 
obliging  correspondents  kindly  provide  me 
with  information  concerning  the  arms  of  the 
North  of  England  Ellingham  family,  some 
of  whom  figured  in  the  wars  of  the  Border  ? 

The  only  cue  I  have  as  yet  come  across 
is  found  in  Sir  Joseph  Foster's  '  Some 
Feudal  Coats  of  Arms,'  in  which  Elingham 
is  a  piece-name,  otherwise  known  as  Elmham ; 
whereas  the  arms  of  Sir  W.  Elmham  are 
quoted  from  H.  vi.  Roll. 

C.  P.  CORBALLIS,  O.S.B. 

'  LETTERS  FROM  GALILEE.' — I  hope  it  is 
allowable  to  ask  the  name  of  the  writer  of 
two  leaflets  published  under  this  title  and 
sold  by  Mr,  J.  W.  Butcher,  at  3,  Ludgate 
Circus  Buildings.  They  purport  to  be 
letters  of  Johanan  and  his  friend  Zacchseus 
(S.  Luke  xix.),  after  being  in  company  with 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ ;  and  I  first  heard  of 
them  at  the  Three  Hours'  Service  last  Good 
Friday.  '  Letters  from  Galilee  '  is  not  too 
exact  a  title  as  Zacchaeus  lived  at  Jericho. 
He  is  riLl  to  have  found  sepulture  in  France. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

JOHN  WINTHROP  :  INNER  TEMPLE,  1628. — 
Was  it  John  Winthrop,  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, or  his  son  of  the  same  name, 
Governor  of  Connecticut,  who  was  admitted 
to  the  Inner  Temple  in  1628  ?  The  pub- 
lished biographies  vary  on  this  point. 

E.  A.  J. 

FRANCIS  AND  JOHN  GALLINI. — Born  Oct. 
13,  1766,  twin  sons  of  Sir  Giovanni  Andrea 
Battista  Gallini,  of  Hanover  Square,  London, 
an  Italian  dancing-master,  by  his  wife 
Lady  Elizabeth  Bertie,  sister  of  Willoughby 
4th  Earl  of  Abingdon,  were  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  in  January,  1782.  I 
should  be  glad  to  obtain  any  information 
concerning  them,  especially  the  dates  of 
their  respective  deaths.  Francis  was  ad- 
mitted to  Lincoln's  Inn,  Nov.  15,  1787,  but 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  called  to  the 
bar  there.  G.  F.  R.  B. 


WICHE. — John  Wiche  and  Magnus  Wiche 
were  admitted  to  Westminster  School  in 
July,  1729,  aged  11  and  13  respectively. 
Any  information  concerning  their  parentage 
and  careers  is  much  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

JAMES  WILLIAM  UNWIN  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  in  January,  1780.  I 
should  be  glad  to  obtain  information  con- 
cerning his  parentage  or  career. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

FOXHOUNDS. — Can  any  reader  give  me  in- 
formation about  the  Graven  pack  of  fox- 
hounds prior  to  1873  ?  Any  private  corre- 
spondence on  the  subject  of  hunting  would 
be  greatly  valued.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead,  Berks. 

'STIRBITCH  FAIR.' — Professor  J.  E.  B. 
Mayor,  in  his  edition  of '  The  Life  of  Ambrose 
Bonwicke,'  p.  153,  speaks  of  '  Stirbitch  Fair ; 
a  Mock  Heroic  Poem,'  without  author  or 
place.  Can  anyone  tell  me  where  a  complete 
copy  of  this  work  with  a  title  page  is  to 
be  found  ?  I  hear  there  is  a  copy  at  the 
Bodleian  without  the  title  page. 

G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 

Sheffield. 

RAYNER  OF  WOODHAM  WALTER. — I  should 
be  glad  of  any  information  concerning  the 
family  of  Eliza  Rayner,  of  the  Rayners  of 
Woodham  Walter,  Essex,  who  married 
William  Jones,  and  died  at  "  The  Cottage," 
Oakleigh  Park,  June  6,  1901,  aged  85 
years,  being  interred  at  the  St.  Pancras 
Cemetery,  Finchley.  BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

"  CICERO"  COOK  THE  LEARNED  " SCOUT." 
— This  man,  the  learned  "scout"  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  is  mentioned  by  Dr.  G.  W. 
Kitchin,  late  Dean  of  Durham,  on  p.  13  of 
his  *  Ruskin  in  Oxford,'  as  helping  under- 
graduates. 

What  is  known  of  "  Cicero  "  Cook  ? 

FREDK.  C.  WHITE. 

RICE. — Does  the  eating  of  rice  tend  to' 
prevent  the  increase  of  population  ?  Rice 
is  largely  eaten  in  India,  where  at  least  the 
birth-rate  is  very  high,  but  so  is  the  death- 
rate.  In  The  Daily  Mail  of  May  8,  1920, 
Walter  M.  Gallichan  states  that  in  Derby- 
shire girls  eat  raw  rice  in  the  hope  of  pro- 
ducing a  pale  complexion.  Does  it  have 
this  effect  ?  ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  S.VIIL  MAY  14,1921. 


VAN  DEB  DOES. — I  shall  be  much  obliged 
if  some  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  in  the  Netherlands 
can  tell  me  from  what  the  family  of  Van  der 
Does  derive  their  name,  and,  if  it  is  a  place- 
name,  where  the  place  is  situated. 

E.  C.  DOWSE. 

42,  Lansdown  Crescent,  Cheltenham. 
• 

THE    '  EXERCITIA    SPIBITUALIA  '    OF    ST. 
IGNATIUS  LOYOLA. — Of  what  historical  value 
is    the    subjoined    note    of    Ranke,   in    his  i 
'Popes    of    Rome,'    vol.  ii.,    p.  467    (1847,; 
English  edition)  ? — • 

As  early  as  the  year  1606,  belief  prevailed  in 
the  sanctity  of  a   cave  at  Manresa,  where  it  was 
said  that  the  '  Exercitia  Spiritualia  '  of  Ignatius  i 
were    composed,    although    neither    of    the    two  i 
traditions  mentioned  a  syllable  of  such  a  story, ' 
and     the     Dominicans      maintained,     doubtless  i 
correctly,  that  the  real  cave  of  Ignatius  was  in ! 
their     monastery.     At     that     very     time     the  i 
differences    between    the    Dominicans    and    the 
Jesuits  were  at  their  height ;    motive  sufficient 
on  the  part  of  the  latter  to  fix  on  another  spot 
as  the  scene  of  the  foundation  of  their  Order. 

Have  the  rival  claims  ever  been  settled 
and  how  ?  J.  B.  McGovEBN. 

St.  Stephen's  Bectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

COBSICAN  WAB-DOGS  :  ISLAND  OF  FOWLS. 
— In  the  '  Ta-Tsing-i-tung-chi,'  the  '  General 
Description  of  the  Chinese  Empire,'  com- 
piled by  Imperial  command  and  finished  in 
1743,  tome  ccclv.,  we  read  : — 

I-ta-li-a  (Italy)  has  three  celebrated  island?. 
.  «  .  One  of  them,  called  Ko-rh-si-kia  ( Corsica), 
has  thirty-three  castles  altogether  and  produces  the 
dogs  that  fight  well.  Every  dog  can  stand  against 
a  cavalryman,  so  that  in  the  islander's  tactics  be- 
tween every  two  cavalrymen  one  dog  is  placed  ; 
and  sometimes  the  dog  proves  superior  to  the 
cavalryman.  Near  Jeh-n-u-a  (Genoa)  there  is 
Ivi-tau  (Fowl  Island),  which  is  entirely  spread 
over  with  fowls  living  and  breeding  without 
human  protection,  but  very  distinct  from  the  wild 
fowls. 

From  the  context  these  words  appear  to 
have  been  translated  from  a  European  work. 
Can  any  reader  point  it  out  for  me  ? 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe,    Kii,    Japan. 

EARLY  STAGE-COACHES. — Can  anyone  tell 
me  the  names  of  any  books  containing  lists 
of  the  stage-coaches  running  before  1680  ; 
between  1695  and  1722  ;  and  between  1725 
and  1741 — contemporary  lists.  Possibly 
such  particulars  are  to  be  found  in  com- 
pendia of  general  information. 

Also,    are    any    copies    of    '  The   English 
Gentleman's  Guide,  being  a  New  and  Com-  i 
plete   Book    of   Maps    of   all   England   and 
Wales,'  1717,  known  ?  W.  A.  WEBB. 


THE  MONUMENT  :  '  LSTGOLDSBY  LEGENDS/ 
— On  Jan.  18,  1810,  Lyon  Levi,  a  diamond 
merchant,  flung  himself  from  the  top  of 
the  Monument  and  was  literally  dashed  to 
pieces.  The  '  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  in  the 
poem  entitled  '  Misadventures  at  Margate,' 
alludes  to  this  in  the  lines  : — 

And  now  I'm  here,  from  this  here  pier  it   is 
my  fixed  intent 

To   jump,  as    Mister    Levi  did  from  off   the 
Monument  ! 

Was  this  suicide  the  occasion  of  the 
creation  of  the  cage  at  the  top  of  this 
column  ? 

Is  there  any  edition  of  the  '  Legends  ' 
that  gives  any  historical  notes  ? 

JOHN   B.    WAINEWBIGHT. 

STAT.UES  or  GEOBGE  IV.  AT  BBIGHTON. — 
The  only  existing  one,  so  far  as  I  know,  is 
that  in  the  Old  Steine,  a  bronze  figure  by 
Chantrey,  erected  bv  public  subscription  in 
1828  (see  11  S.  ii.  243);  but  Toone,  '  Chr. 
Hist.,'  ii.  506,  under  date  July  2 1, 1802,  says  :— 

A  statue  of  his  royal  highness  the  prince  of 
Wales  was  lately  put  up  in  the  front  of  the  new 
buildings,  called  the  Royal  Crescent,  at  Brighton. 

It  is  not  there  now.  What  happened 
to  it  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

"  COMMON  OB  GABDEN." — I  shall  be  glad^if 
any  reader  can  inform  me  how  the  phrase 
"  common  or  garden "  originated.  Ap- 
parently it  arose  from  the  "  common  or 
garden  "  butterfly,  but  how,  and  when,  was 
it  turned  into  a  popular  expression  ? 

CHABLES  DBUBY. 

[MR.  J.  F.  MANSEBGH,  at  7  S.  xii.  293,  reminded  a 
correspondent  that  the  phrase  occurs  in  Johnson's 
'  Dictionary,'  where,  s.v.  "  Lettuce,"  is  a  quotation 
from  Miller  ending  : — "  The  species  are  common  or 
garden  lettuce  ;  cabbage  lettuce,"  &c.  The  first 
quotation  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  is  dated  1657 — from 
W.  Coles'S  '  Adam  in  Eden ' : — "  But  the  Common 
or  Garden  Nightshade  is  not  dangerous."] 

NOBFOLK  CHEESES  IN  THE  FOUBTEENTH 
CENTUBY. — In  Archceologia,  vol.  Ixix.,  it  is- 
ststed  in  a  paper  on  a  Roll  of  Household 
Accounts  at  Hunstanton,  Norfolk,  1347-8, 
that  "  cheeses  are  mentioned  at  different 
prices  from  Id.  to  6d.  each."  What  was  the 
variety  or  type  of  these  cheeses  ?  Are  there 
any  references  available  from  which  we  could 
learn  whether  the  cheeses  of  the  fourteenth 
century  in  England  were  of  the  soft  or  the 
hard  pressed  type,  and  whether  type  of 
cheese  varied  according  to  the  county  in 
which  it  was  made  ?  In  vol.  xxv.  of 
Archceologia,  extracts  from  accounts  at 
Hunstanton.  1519-1578,  are  given  which  do 


i2S. VIIT.  MAY  14. 1921.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


not   mention  cheese,  but  note  the  purchase 
of  "  calves    mawes,"  which  would   be  used 
for    renneting    milk,   and    indicates    cheese 
production.     These  two  extracts  from  house- 
hold accounts  seem  to  show  that  household 
cheese  production   was    fairly   constant    in  | 
Norfolk,  and  the  varying  prices  quoted  may  | 
indicate  not  only  difference    in   size  but  a  j 
variation  in  type.  R    HsrDOBB  WALLACE. 

G.  A.  COOKE  AND  HIS  COUNTY  ITINERA- 
RIES.— At  various  dates  in  the  early  years  of 
the  nineteenth  century  a  series  of  Topo- 
graphical Descriptions  of  (I  believe)  the 
counties  of  England — query,  of  Great  Bri- 
tain— was  published. 

Each  county  was  dealt  with  separately. 
No  dates  of  publication  seem  to  be  given, 
but  internal  evidence  in  two  or  three  that 
I  have  access  to  shows  that  the  third  edition 
saw  the  light  between  the  census  taken  in 
1821  and  that  of  1831.  They  are  small 
pocket  volumes,  about  6|  X  3£  inches,  and 
running  into  a  little  over  300  pages.  I 
cannot  find  any  reference  to  them  in  the 
bibliographical  lists  at  my  command. 

According  to  the  '  D.N.B.'  some  Cookes 
flourished  about  that  period,  one  or  more 
of  whom  were  celebrated  as  engravers,  but  j 
they  appear  to  have  no  connexion  with  the 
compiler  of  these  books. 

Can  any  reader  help  me  to  find  informa- 
tion on  his  personality,  the  extent  of  his 
work  in  this  way,  and  what  other  good  work 
he  took  in  hand  and  accomplished? 

W.  S.  B.  H. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — From  what  poem  are  the 
following  lines  taken  and  who  is  the  author  ? — 
"  Straight  is  the  path  of  duty  ; 
Curved  is  the  line  of  beauty. 
Follow  the  first  and  thou  shalt  see 
The  second  ever  follow  thee." 

W.  H.  GINGELL. 

[MR.  EUGENE  .CEESDALE,  at  6  S.  viii.  219, 
answered  a  like  query  thus  :-- 

"  The  proper  rendering  of  the  lines  ...  is  : — 
"  Straight  is  the  line  of  duty  ; 
Curved  is  the  line  of  beauty  ; 
Follow  the  straight  line,  thou  shalt  see 
The  curved  line  ever  follow  thee. 
"They  were  written  by  William  Maccall,  author 
of  'Elements  of  Individuality,'  &c.,  and  a 'per- 
sonal friend  of  Thomas  Carl  vie."} 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — Who  was  the  author  of 
tne  following  lines,  and  what  is  the  incident  j 
to  which  they  refer  ? — 

'*  A  luncheon-party  and  a  lie 
Must  make  it  very  hard  to  die." 

CAREW  MILDMAY. 
Hdtel  d'Atlits,  Boufarit,   Algeria. 


"COR   AD   COR    LOQUITUR." 

(11  S.  v.  129,  237.) 

AT  the  second  reference  the  late  WM.  H, 
PEET  quoted  a  passage  from  Ward's  Life  of 
Cardinal  Newman  to  the  effect  that  Newman 
himself  did  not  know  where  this  saying  was  to 
be  found  and  would  have  been  glad  to  know. 

In  the  great  letter  (ccxxix.)  on  the  office 
of  a  Bishop  which  St.  Francis  de  Sales 
wrote  to  the  Archbishop  of  Bourges  in  1604,. 
the  words  occur  in  French.  They  are  part 
of  the  Saint's  earnest  exhortation  on  preach- 
ing, in  the  division  '  De  la  forme,  c'est  a, 
dire  comme  il  faut  prescher.'  He  says  : — 

Le  souverain  artifice  c'est  de  n' avoir  point 
d'artifice.  II  faut  que  nos  paroles  soyent  en- 
flammees,  non  pas  par  des  cris  et  actions  des- 
mesurees,  mais  par  1'affection  interieure  ;  il 
faut  qu'elles  sortent  du  cceur  plus  que  de  la 
bouche.  On  a  beau  dire,  mais  le  cceur  parle 
au  coeur,  et  la  langue  ne  parle  qu'aux  oreilles. 
•  This  is  taken  from  the  complete  edition 
of  the  '  (Euvres  '  of  St.  Francis  de  Sales, 
edited  by  the  Nuns  of  the  Visitation  at 
Annecy,  tome  xii.,  p.  321.  An  editorial 
note  at  the  beginning  of  the  letter  remarks  : — 

On  s'est  longtemps  demande  si  cette  Lettre, 
dont  1'Autographe  est  actuellement  introuvable,. 
a  ete  redigee  en  francais  ou  en  latin.  Aucun 
doute  serieux  ne  nous  parait  possible ;  elle  a 
certainement  ete  ecrite  en  fran^ais,  car  les  deli- 
cates  nuances  du  style  de  notre  Saint  que  Ton 
retrouvent  ici  trahissent  manifestement  un 
texte  original. 

This  seems  to  imply  the  existence  of  a 
Latin  version.  Where  would  this  be  found  ? 
And  is  it  likely  that  it  came  into  Newman's 
hands  ?  PEBEGRINUS. 

MARY  RUSSELL  MITFORD'S  LOTTERY  PRIZE  : 
1799  (12  S.  viii.  350). — Surely  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  amount  of  the  lottery 
prize  won  by  Miss  Mitford  was  £20,000. 

In  her  Life  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Roberts  is 
given  her  own  circumstantial  description  of 
the  event,  and  she  says  : — 

The  whole  affair  was  a  secret  between  us,  and 
my  father,  whenever  he  got  me  to  himself,  talked 
over  our  future  20,000  pounds  just  like  Alnaschar 
over  his  basket  of  eggs.  Meanwhile  time  passed 
on,  and  one  Sunday  a  face  I  had  forgotten,  but 
my  father  had  not,  made  its  appearance.  It  was 
the  clerk  of  the  lottery-office.  An  express  had 
just  arrived  announcing  that  No.  2,224  had  been 
drawn  a  prize  of  20,000  pounds  and  he  had 
hastened  to  communicate  the  good  news. 

The  child  had  insisted  upon  No.  2,224 
as  "  cast  up  it  made  ten,"  and  the  day  she 
chose  it  was  her  tenth  birthday. 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"AMTMANN"  (12  S.  viii.  350). — The  pre- 
cise meaning  of  this  term  has  varied  at 
different  times  and  in  different  places. 
Formerly  it  denoted  the  manager  of  a  crown 
domain,  who  combined  agricultural  and 
judicial  functions.  Later,  when  these  were 
separated,  the  title  of  "  Amtmann "  or 
"  Oberamtmann  "  was  applied  in  some  parts, 
especially  in  Prussia,  to  the  official  who 
was  responsible  for  the  cultivation  of  the 
crown  land ;  in  other  parts  it  was  only 
given  to  the  man  who  received  the  rents 
or  administered  justice. 

Professor  Breul's  German  Dictionary  gives 
the  appropriate  equivalents  of  "  magis- 
trate ;  bailiff ;  domain  judge,  steward." 
In  the  Stanford  Dictionary,  the  anglicized 
"  amtman  "  or  "  amptman  "  (earliest  quota- 
tion 1587)  is  defined  by  "  a  district  magis- 
trate, a  domain  judge,  a  civil  officer  in 
charge  of  a  district  or  amt,  a  steward,  bailiff." 

Readers  of  Carlyle's  '  Frederick  the 
Great '  will  remember  Oberamtmann 
Fromme 

riding  swiftly  at  the  left  wheel  of  Fiiedrich's 
carriage,  and  loudly  answering  questions  of  his, 
all  day, 

when  the  King  inspects  the  crown  lands 
in  the  district  of  the  Rhyn-Zuch.  Carlyle 
describes  Fromme  as  "  Head-Manager " 
and  "a  kind  of  Royal  Land-Bailiff."  We 
get  the  same  word  in  the  Swiss  "  Landam- 
man "  or  district  magistrate,  an  example 
of  which  is  Arnold  Biederman  in  '  Anne  of 
Geierstein.' 

It  is  worth  noting  that  the  Gifhorn  of 
MR.  DEW'S  query  is  familiarly  connected 
with  a  Scottish  worthy,  the  soldier  of  for- 
tune Andrew  Melville  (1624-1706),  at  one 
time  commandant  of  that  town,  an  English 
translation  of  whose  Memoirs  was  published 
in  1918. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THACKERAY:  'THE  NEWCOMES  '  (12  S. 
viii.  31). — No  explanation  having  been 
offered  of  the  substitution  of  "  Downy " 
for  "Gibber  Wright"  in  vol.  i.,  chap,  ix., 
I  suggest  that  Thackeray  changed  the  name 
on  recollecting  that  he  had  introduced  a 
similar  but  less  obvious  piece  of  punning 
nomenclature  in  '  Pendennis,'  where  he 
described  the  "  chambers  on  the  second 
floor  in  Pen's  staircase,"  tenanted  by 
*'  that  young  buck  and  flower  of  Baker 
Street,  Percy  Sibwright." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.  208,  253,  278, 
296,  314,  334,  350,  377).— I  have  seen,  in  an 

I  old  lesson-book  used  by  my  father  at  Rugby 

;  school   in   the   early   'forties,    the  following 
inscription : — 

Si,  tente  du  demon, 

Tu  derobes  ce  livre, 

Apprends  que  tout  fripon 

Est  indigne  de  yivre  ; 

Si  tu  veux  savoir  mon  nom, 

Regarde  dans  le  petit  rond. 

And  here  follows  the  owner's  name,  in  a  little 
circle.  KATHLEEN  A.   N.   WARD. 

Bishop  Warburton's  cook  is  said  at  the 

last     reference     to     have     "  played    havoc 

:  with  the  greatest  treasures  in  his  library." 

I 1  have   lately   seen   a  like   statement   else- 
where, and  possibly  the  incident  may  be  in 
gradual  process  of  transference  from  a  less 
to  a  better  known  bearer  of  the  name. 

The  victim  was  not  William,  Bishop  of 
Gloucester  and  editor  of  Shakespeare, 
but  John  Warburton  (1682-1759),  Somerset 
Herald.  The  record  of  his  loss,  entered 
in  one  of  the  Lansdowne  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum  under  a  list  of  plays,  is 
given  thus  by  Blades,  '  The  Enemies  of 
|  Books,'  chap.  v. : — 

"  After  I  had  been  many  years  collecting 
''•  these  Manuscript  Playes,  through  my  own 
|  carelessness   and  the  ignorance   of  my  ser- 
vant,  they  were  unluckely  burned   or  put 
under  pye  bottoms."       EDWARD  BENSLY. 

It  is  quite  likely  that  whoever  wrote  the 
lines  in  my  old  dictionary,  from  which  I 
quoted,  may  have  concluded  his  warning 
after  the  style  given  by  MR.  WEEKS.  But 
it  is  impossible  to  decipher  the  words 
obliterated.  Personally  I  prefer  the  school- 
boy's substitution,  though  rhymeless,  to 
threats  which  border  upon  the  profane. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

"  GEEN  "    WHISKY    (12    S.    viii.    350).- 
Doubtless   a    liquor  similar   to   sloe   gin   or 
cherry  brandy.  J.   T.   F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

This  is  no  doubt  whisky  flavoured  by 
bird-cherries,  sometimes  called  geens,  the 
fruit  of  Prunus  avium.  Sloe  gin  is  another 
luxury  of  the  same  class,  and  is  indebted  to 
Prunus  spinosa.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Wild  cherry  is  known  as  "  gene "'  in  Berk- 
shire— possibly  derived  from  foreign  monks, 
as  it  is  local  French.  E.  E.  C. 


12  s.  viii.  MAY  H,  i92i.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


A  SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  COMPASS  (12  S. 
viii.  309). — All  surveyors'  compasses  are, 
or  should  be,  marked  in  this  way,  viz., 
with  the  W.  to  the  right  of  the  North  and  the 
E.  to  the  left,  but  it  is  interesting  to  find 
so  early  an  example  of  the  practice  as  1661. 
It  is  done  for  the  convenience  of  reading 
the  course  correctly. 

If  Miss  GERMAN  will  consider  that  there  be 
a  pair  of  sights,  one  at  N.  and  the  other  at 
S.,  and  will  then  turn  the  compass  to  the 
right,  the  needle  will  fall  away  to  the  left. 
Now  she  is  obviously  looking  to  the  E. 
and  the  needle  will  so  be  read  in  the  quarter 
between  the  N.  and  the  E.  Similarly,  if 
the  instrument  be  sighted  to  the  left  the 
needle  falls  to  the  right,  where  can  be 
immediately  read  the  correct  bearing  of  so 
many  degrees  to  the  West.  Such  compasses 
are  usually  graduated  with  0  at  N.  and  S., 
and  90°  at  E.  and  W.  a  CORNER. 


"BRITISHER"  v.  "BRITON"  (12  S. 
viii.  304). — Most  of  us  will  sympathize 
wi*h  MR.  BAYLEY'S  protest.  As  one  who 
has  heard  the  word  Britisher  very  much 
used  at  home,  in  America  and  in  the 
Dominions  'and  Colonies,  I  should  like, 
however,  to  point  out  that  "  Britisher " 
and  "  Briton "  no  longer  mean  the  same 
thing.  The  former  seems  to  have  nearly 
acquired  the  signification  of  native  or  sub- 
ject of  the  British  Empire  of  European  blood, 
and  the  latter  to  have  nearly  lapsed  into  the 
meaning  of  an  inhabitant  of  Great  Britain. 
Under  these  circumstances,  the  names  are 
likely  to  persist  side  by  side  and  with  just  so 
much  justification  as  the  difference  gives  to 


them. 


C.  CORNER. 


"THE  HAVEN  UNDER  THE  HILL"  (12 
S.  viii.  228,  275,  314,  336,  355).— A  long  time 
ago  somebody  assured  me  that  this  was 
Weston-super-Mare.  I  do  not  know  that 
place,  and  cannot  judge  as  to  the  likelihood 
of  the  attribution,  but  if  I  be  right  in  be- 
lieving that  Weston  has  not  been  mentioned 
in  the  present  discussion,  it  may  not  be  a 
bad  thing  to  set  a  fresh  ball  rolling. 

ST.  S  WITHIN. 

SMALLEST  PIG  OF  A  LITTER  (12  S.  viii. 
331,  376).— In  this  part  of  Sussex  is  called 
"the  dolling." 

A.  H.  W.  FYNMORE. 

Arunclel. 


POLITICAL   VERSES  .  BY   CHARLES   LAMB  ? 

(12  S.  viii.   306). — There  will  not  be  many 

Lamb  students,  I  imagine,  who  will  readily 

accept  MR.  E.  G.  CLAYTON'S  assignment  of 

these    verses    to    Lamb,    without,    at    least, 

|  some   sort   of   external   evidence  ;     nor  will 

|  they,    I     think,    agree     that     the     style     is 

|  "  remarkably    similar  "    to    that    of    '  The 

Unbeloved.' 

When  Lamb  set  out  to  write  verses  on 
!  political  subjects  he  treated  them,  for  the 
imost  part,  epigrammatically.     This  charac- 
teristic is  entirely  absent  from  the   '  Lines 
addressed  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington,'  and 
its  absence  tells  greatly  against  the  suggested 
\  authorship.  S.  BUTTERWORTH. 

CAPT.  COOK'S  CREW  :  COCO-NUT  CUP 
(12  S.  viii.  330), — I  have  a  coin  made  into 
a  brooch  that  my  uncle  brought  home  for 
me  many  years  ago,  having  this  inscription 
and  similar  design  on  the  reverse  side.  I 
was  told  it  was  Portuguese,  and  understood 
j  that  my  uncle  got  it  in  either  the  Azores  or 
Canary  Isles. 

On  the  obverse  side  it  has  a  coat  of  arms 

surmounted  by  a  crown,  bearing  date  1814 

1  and  inscription  (spoilt  by  catch  and  pin) : — 

JOANNES  •  D  •  G-  PORT  •  P  •  REGENS  -  -  Is  AS'D' 

;  On   one   side   of  the   coat   of  arms  are  the 

I  numerals  •  096  *  ;  on  the  other,  three  quatre- 

j  foils.     The    coat   is   gu   :  seven   turrets,  an 

I  inescutcheon  arg  :    5- — (?    5    small   shields). 

I  should  think  the  "  medal  "  is  really  one 

of  these  coins.     My  brooch  is  of  exactly  the 

I  same  size,  silver,  and  rather  heavy. 

paj  ELLYN  M.  GWATKIN. 

Whilst  unable  to  express  any  opinion 
I  on  the  history  of  the  particular  silver - 
mounted  coco-nut  cup  MR.  DUNCALFE 
possesses,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  there 
are  many  similar  articles  to  be  found  to-day 
in  this  country,  with  and  without  carved 
bodies,  mounted  both  with  silver  and  baser 
metals  with  feet  attached  thereto  ;  also  they 
are  constructed  with  great  variety  of  design. 

The  supposition  is  that  during  the  tedious 
voyages  home  before  the  introduction  of 
steam,  members  of  the  crews  of  sailing  ships 
returning  from  tropical  regions  occupied 
their  spare  time  by  carving  and  mounting 
these  cups. 

Occasionally  only  do  the  silver  mounts 
bear  any  assay  marks.  Those  cups  I  have 
examined  were  usually  produced  circa  1770- 
1810.  The  earliest  in  my  possession  is. 
dated  1774.  F.  BRADBURY. 

Sheffield. 


396  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [^S.VIII.MAVH,  i,. 


CREAM-COLOURED  HORSES  (12  S.  viii.  to  them,  excited  by  some  absurd  stories  called 
338).  —  The  breed  of  cream-coloured  horses,  '  prophecies,'  which  were  disseminated  amongst 
maintained  for  so  long  in  the  Home  Park,  J?uT^yf  de^n.ing  *?*  wicked  men."  And  in 
Hampton  Court,  for*  the  provision  of  a  ^^^^^f^J^^^^ 
team  to  draw  the  sovereign  s  coach  on  returns  to  the  subject.  "  In  like  manner,  my 
occasions  of  full  state,  has  come  to  an  end.  ;  dearest  Brethren,  I  have  only  to  remind  you  of 
It  was  the  habit  of  newspapers  invariably  ™y  fo,rmer  charges  to  you  on  the  subject  of 
to  refer  to  these  animals  as  "the  oream  •  absurd  predictions  and  silly  tales  called  pro- 

Team-  i  phecies.     It  was  only  necessarv  for  us  to  have 

coloured  ponies,  a  ludicrous  misnomer,  as  pointed  out  to  you  these  absurd  fictions,  these 
they  were  mostly  sixteen  hands  in  height  ravings  of  distempered  minds  in  order  to  induce 
and  upwards.  y°u  to  despise  them  as  you  ought.  Continue  to  do 

It  is  understood  that  when  orders  were  s%dIT?>st  ?r<rth,ren;  and  a^ove  ali'  those  fictions 
issued  that  the  stud  should  be  discontinued  ^^oVfpSatlo^'STn  JSEiTSS 
his  Majesty  presented  some  of  the  breed  ,  To  us  they  are  a  subject  of  regret  because  they 
to  the  King  of  Spain,  who  intends  to  con-  i  were  written  by  a  Catholic  clergyman." 
tinue  it  in  his  own  country,  which  is  believed  ,  The  pamphlet  is  undoubtedly  very  rare,  there 
to  have  been  their  original  home,  whence  !  ^emg  no  copy  in  the  British  Museum.  But  it  was 
exportations  took  placebo  Germany  in  ^  M?3^«  %'J!3^V$3R 
sixteenth  or  seventeenth  century.  H.  1822,  and  we  possess  a  copy  in  I2mo,  pp.  32, 

"  Printed    and    Sold    by    Thomas    Conolly,     36 

PASTORINl's      PROPHECIES      (12      S.      viii.    Camden    Street,   and   Robert   Conolly,    9  Mary's 
251,     313).—  The    following    extract     from   Abbe^    Price  5<L"     N-D- 
'The  Irish  Book  Lover,'   vol.    ix.,  p.    61,  EDITOR  «I.B.L.' 

1918,   will   add   some   information   on   this  ! 

subject  •  _  CAREW  FAMILY  OF  BEDDINGTON,  SURREY, 

'  BART.     (12  S.  viii.  308,  357).—  The  arms  in 

the 


Evans  Crowe's  "  To-day  in  Ireland,"  3  vols.,  fe^'ed  to  are  for  Hoo.  Lysons,  in  vol.  i.  of 
Lond.,  1825,  there  is  a  reference  to  this  work  his  'Environs  of  London,'  gives  a  pedigree 
(p.  112,  vol.  i.),  as  having  been  privately  printed  ;  of  the  Carew  family,  fronting  p.  53,  which 
and  difficult  to  procure.  Where  was  this  printed,  shows  that  James  de  Carew,  died  8  Hen. 
TxtlntT8  G'  1S  ^^  any  C°Py  VII.,  married  Eleonora,  one  of  the  daughters 

Ardrigh,  Belfast.  F.  J.  BIGGER.        of  Thomas  Lord  Hoo  and  Hastings,  by  his 

%*CharlesWalmesley(1722-1797),B.C.prelate,    second  wife,  Eleanor,  daughter    of    Leonard 
titular  Bishop    of    Rama,   published  in    1771   a   Lord    Welles.     See     also    sub     "Hoo"      in 
"  General    History    of     the    Christian    Church,"  '  Burke's  '  Armory,'   3rd  edn. 
under  the  name  of  Signior  Pastorini,   which  is  HTTAO     TT*TT    r^^TT^-wr 

really  an  exposition  of  the  "  Book  of  Revelations."  >HAS*   *****'  URO1  ^ 

Of  this  the  6th  edition  was    printed  at  Belfast         ^ 

in  1816,  by  Joseph  Smyth  for  M.  Dawson.  At  l  DOUBLE  FIRSTS  AT  OXFORD  (12  S.  vm.  249, 
p.  204  of  that  edition  he  says  "  when  one  reflects  j  294,  334).  —  The  late  Alfred  Barratt,  of  Bugby 
that  of  the  three  hundred  years  allowed  to  the  and  Balliol,  got  five  Firsts  •  —  1st  Classical 
reign  of  the  locusts  there  remain  only  50  or  55  i  Mods  lst  Mathematical  Mods.,  both  in  1864  ; 
h0eartnth°ate  t^eopYe*  ^S&V^J  |  ™  Classical  Greats  and  1st  Math.  Greats  in 
insects  would  enter  into  a  serious  consideration!  1865;  and  1st  in  Final  Schools  (Law  and 
of  that  circumstance."  This  was  considered  j  History)  in  1866.  E.  T.  B. 

to  refer  to  the  Established  Church  and  the  tithe  j 

system,  and  as  the  time  1820-25  drew  near!  When  writing  of  "quadruple  firsts" 
extracts  from  the  work  were  printed  in  pamphlet  „_  -,-L  i  j  ;:+  £„„ 

form  and  scattered  broadcast  throughout  the  we,  should  not  forget  the  one  and 
country.  "  No  small  stimulant,"  writes  W.  J.  only  case  of  a  quintuple  first  —Alfred 
Fitzpatrick  in  his  Life  of  Dr.  Doyle,  "to  the  j  Barratt,  of  Balliol,  who,  besides  "doubles" 
turbulently  illiberal  spirit  which  prevailed  was  |  in  Mods,  and  Greats  in  Classics  and  Mathe- 
the  reprint  and  circulation  of  a  curious  old  work  j  -r^t^c,  r>rnTvnf>A  V*\<*  flnflr1p.™i'nal  narppr 
entitled  '  Pastorini,'  which  prophesied  the  down-  '  J1^10.8'.  ^ro^nJ1cl  fi  ™  .  academical  ca 
fall  of  Protestantism  about  the  year  1822."  by  taking  a  fifth  first,  in  Law  and  History. 
Bishop  Doyle,  in  his  famous  "  Whiteboy  j  The  '  Mods.  nrsts  were  taken  in  the 
Pastoral,"  1822,  says  :  "  I  have  been  credibly  i  same  term  of  1864,  and  the  three  others  in 
informed  that  during  the  course  of  the  past  year  three  succeeding  terms  in  1865-6.  This, 
when  great  numbers  of  you  yielding  to  our  y  tv-  ,  •  uni/me  reoord  In  1870  he 

remonstrance,   and   to   those  of   our   clergy   had    J    tnmf»   "bf    Unr1(lue 

withdrawn  yourselves  from  these  mischevious  was  als°  Lldon  Law  Scholar,  and  then,  a 
-associations,  you  were  prevailed  on  to  return  Fellow  of  B.N.C.  W.  A.  B.  C. 


12  s.  viii.  MAY  14, 1921.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


PUBLICATIONS  or  FREDERICK  LOCKER- 
LAMPSON  (12  S.  viii.  307,  335).— MB. 
PICKERING,  quite  rightly,  counting  by  titles, 
i.e.,  including  '  London  Rhymes,'  credits  Fred 
Locker  with  six  works.  I  expect  that  the 
reason  why  Mr.  Birrell  does  riot  count 
'  London  Rhymes '  as  a  separate  book  is 
due  to  the  following  fact.  Locker  collected 
his  scattered  poems  and  issued  them  in  a 
single  volume  in  1857  under  the  title 
'  London  Lyrics.'  A  keen  critic  of  his  own 
work,  as  new  editions  w^ere  called  for 
(I  can  remember,  I  think,  twelve)  he  had 
a  knack  of  adding  new  poems  and  discarding 
old  ones  ;  of  altering  or  discarding  verses  ; 
of  sometimes  grafting  a  passage  from  one 
poem  to  do  duty  as  a  heading  to  another — 
with  the  result  that  no  two  editions  are 
alike,  although  the  size  of  the  book  remains 
the  same.  The  privately  printed  edition  of 
1881,  produced  to  present  to  his  friends 
(100  copies  only),  was  a  selection  of  the 
4  London  Lyrics  '  made  at  Locker's  request 
by  his  old  friend  Austin  Dobson,  who 
prefixed  to  it  the  friendly  little  sextain 
commencing  "  Apollo  made  one  April  day." 
In  the  copy  given  to  me  by  Fred  Locker 
in  1885  I  have  made  a  note  to  this  effect ; 
also  that,  with  the  presumption  of  youth, 
I  had  remarked  to  him  that  in  my  opinion 
Austin  Dobson  had  rejected  some  of  his 
most  characteristic  verse.  I  remember  how 
with  a  smile  Locker  said  : — "  Yes,  perhaps 
so.  Very  well,  you  shall  have  a  copy  of 
*  London  Rhymes.'  "  This  was  the  privately 
printed  edition  of  those  '  London  Lyrics ' 
which  had  not  been  included  in  the  Dobson 
selection. 

There  is  much  that  is  Fred  Locker  in 
his  verse,  in  its  wit,  refinement  and  restraint ; 
but  as  memory  carries  me  back  through 
the  years  the  poet  is  lost  in  the  man,  so 
great  was  his  personal  charm.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  lovable  creatures  that  God  has 
made. 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

'THE  TOMAHAWK.'  (11  S.  vii.  369 
413  ;  12  S.  viii.  335.). — The  purchaser  of 
the  complete  set  of  this  extinct  periodical 
will  be  a  lucky  man.  The  set  in  the  British 
Museum  Library  is,  or  was,  very  incom- 
plete, and  the  only  two  full  sets  I  have 
heard  of  are  contained  (1)  in  a  public 
library  in  New  York,  U.S.A.,  and  (2)  in 
our  own  London  Library,  to  which  I  had 
the  honour  of  presenting  it  a  short  time  ago. 

SURREY. 


WILLIAM  CONGREVE  (10  S.  iv.  148). — It 
is  stated  there  that  Congreve  lived  at  one  time 
at  Merley  in  Dorset,  and  subsequently  at 
Aldermaston  in  Berks.  The  statement  was 
made  first  by  the  Rev.  John  Duncan,  who 
was  in  1787  minister  of  the  Independent 
Church  at  Wimborne  and  claimed  Congreve 
and  "  his  family  "  as  members  in  the  past 
of  that  congregation.  In  his  Life  of  Con- 
greve Mr.  Gosse  says  that  in  early  life  the 
dramatist  had  a  house  at  Northall  in  Bucks, 
but  does  not  indicate  that  he  had  after- 
wards a  house  in  the  country.  It  seems  to 
me  possible  that  Duncan  has  confounded 
the  dramatist  with  a  contemporary  of  the 
same  name,  Colonel  William  Congreve, 
who  is  mentioned  by  the  dramatist  in  his 
will.  He  was  then  residing  at  Highgate. 
The  dramatist  was  a  godfather  of  the 
Colonel's  son,  but  does  not  claim  the  Colonel 
as  a  kinsman.  F.  ELRINGTON  BALL. 

GHOST  STORIES]  CONNECTED  WITH  OLD 
LONDON  BRIDGE  (12  S.  viii.  330). — MR. 
JACOBS  in  his  inquiry  says,  "  Dickens, 
in  '  The  Pickwick  Papers,'  when  describing 
the  George  Inn  in  the  Borough,"  &c. 

May  I  point  out  that  Dickens  did  not 
describe  the  George  in  '  Pickwick,'  or  in 
any  other  of  his  books,  though  there  is  a 
bare  mention  of  that  inn  in  '  Little  Dorrit ' 
Book  I.,  chap.  xxii. 

In  chap.  x.  of  '  Pickwick '  Dickens  named 
the  White  Hart  as  the  scene  of  the  first 
appearance  of  Mr.  Samuel  Weller,  and 
there  is  no  justification  whatever  for  as- 
suming that  he  did  not  mean  exactly  what 
he  said. 

The  first  suggestion  that,  although  the 
White  Hart  was  named,  the  George  was 
really  intended,  came  from  the  late  Mr.  J. 
Ashby  S  terry,  who,  in  an  article  on  '  Charles 
Dickens  in  Southwark,'  published  in  The 
English  Illustrated  Magazine  for  Nov.,  1888, 
states  that  "it  is  said  that  Dickens  changed 
the  sign  in  order  that  the  place  should  not 
be  too  closely  identified."  In  view  of  the 
number  of  inns  mentioned  by  name  in 
'  Pickwick  ' — not  always  in  the  most  compli- 
mentary terms — the  identity  of  which  has 
not  been  questioned,  there  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  the  least  reason  for  trans- 
ferring the  sign  of  the  White  Hart  to  the 
George. 

This  subject  is  fully  discussed  in  '  The 
George  Inn,  Southwark,'  by  Mr.  B.  W. 
Matz,  published  by  Chapman  and  Hall, 
1918.  T.  W.  TYRRELL. 

St.  Elmo,  Sidmouth. 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  VEIL  MAY  14, 1921. 


'THE  MERMAID  AT  HER  TOILET'  (12  S. ! 
viii.  309). — At  Wootton-under-Edge,  Glou-  j 
cestershire,  there  is  a  brass  to  Lord  Berkeley, ! 
dated  1392.  The  knight  is  wearing  a  collar  I 
of  mermaids.  This  gives  a  date  for  the  use ! 
of  this  device,  but  probably  it  can  be  traced 
much  farther  back. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

HUNGER    STRIKE    IN    THE    FOURTEENTH  | 
CENTURY  (12  S.  viii.  293,  354). — In  vol.  i. 
of  Pike's    '  History   of  Crime   in  England,' 
at  p.  211,  will  be  found  a  translation  of  the  j 
extract    from    Rymer's     '  Fcedera,'    vi.    13,  j 
set  out   nearly  in  full.     Pike  suggests  that 
fraud    on    the    part    of    Cecilia    Rygeway's 
gaolers    may    account    for    her    prolonged 
period  without  food.  J.  M.  O. 

JOHN  PYM  (12  S.  viii.  308).— Wymondley ! 
House  is  quite  a  modern  building,  it  is 
therefore  quite  impossible  to  suppose  that 
John  Pym,  the  Parliamentary  statesman, 
ever  lived  there.  Clutterbuck,  in  his  '  History 
of  the  County  of  Hertford,'  does  not  even 
mention  the  place.  The  '  Victoria  History  ' 
describes  it  as  "  a  square  modern  residence," 
which  quite  coincides  with  my  remembrance 
of  the  place  when,  years  ago,  I  was  at  school 
there.  There  was,  however,  another  John 
Pym  of  Little  Wymondley,  who  was  living 
in  1735.  He  was  a  grandson  of  William 
Pym,  a  London  merchant,  of  St.  Martin's- 
in-the-Fields,  who  died  in  1673.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  this  John  Pym  may  have 
lived  at  Wymondley  House.  The  Pym 
pedigree  is  to  be  found  in  Clutterbuck's 
'  History,'  vol.  iii.,  p.  545. 

HELLIER  GOSSELIN. 

Bengeo  Hall,  Hertford. 

WINE  NAMES  (12  S.  viii.  332).— Hender- 
son's '  Ancient  and  Modern  Wines '  and 
Redding' s  '  Modern  Wines  '  give  some  of 
the  wine  names  quoted.  Sercial  comes 
from  Madeira,  of  a  vine  which  will  only 
succeed  on  particular  spots.  When  new 
it  is  harsh  and  requires  to  be  kept  a  great 
length  of  time  before  it  is  thoroughly 
mellowed,  of  full  body  and  aromatic  flavour,  j 
Frontignac  is  a  French  red  wine,  very  little 
made,  and  expensive,  similar  to  Lunel — 
both  Muscadine  wines,  luscious,  spirituous 
and  sweet,  the  latter  the  lighter  of  the  two. 
Leoville,  from  the  Medoc  country,  is  an 
inferior  wine,  but  if  kept  five  or  six  years 
in  wood  attains  a  good  character.  Rota 
is  a  medicinal  wine  from  Oporto  to  which 
brandy  is  added  previous  to  exportation.  | 


Sitges  is  a  white  wine  of  Majorca,  of  choice 
quality,  but  does  not  keep  well ;  Termo, 
a  dry  white  wine  from  Portugal,  of  good 
quality  when  not  spoiled  by  brandy.  Tinto 
is  a  French  wine,  and  Tintilla  a  Spanish 
wine.  I  cannot  find  Tinta  or  Vin  de  Vierge, 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

PAUL  LUCAS  :  His  '  JOURNEY  THROUGH 
ASIA  MINOR'  (12  S.  viii.  348).— The  first 
edition  of  his  account  of  his  first  journey 
was  published  in  Paris  in  1704.  The  first 
edition  of  his  second  journey  in  1712,  and 
the  account  of  his  third  journey  was  pub- 
lished at  Rouen  in  1719. 

All  editions  were  published  in  French. 

H.   H. 

Paul  Lucas  was  born  at  Rouen  in  1664  and 
died  at  Madrid  in  1737.  He  visited  Greece, 
Turkey,  Asia  Minor,  Egypt,  &c.,  in  search 
of  antiquities,  and  in  connexion  with  the 
buying  and  selling  of  jewelry  and  objets 
d'art.  His  first  work  was  '  Voyage  du 
Sieur  P.  Lucas  au  Levant ;  on  y  trouvera 
entr'autre  une  description  de  la  Haute 
Egypte,  suivant  le  cours  du  Nil,  depuis 
le  Caire  jusqu'aux  Cataractes  ;  avec  une 
Carte  exacte  de  ce  fleuve.'  The  date  of 
this  is  given  in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue 
as  1705,  and  in  '  Nouveau  Larousse  Illustre/ 
as  1704.  In  1710  he  published  'Voyage 
dans  la  Grece,  1'Asie  Mineure,  la  Macedoine 
et  1'Afrique,'  and  in  1719  '  Voyage  dans 
la  Turquie,  1'Asie,  la  Syrie,  la  Palestine,  la 
haute  et  basse  Egypte. '  The  British  Museum 
Catalogue  does  not  mention  any  English 
translation  of  the  above  works. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

COLLET  FAMILY  (12  S.  viii.  360).— With 
reference  to  the  request  of  H.  C.  at  the 
above  reference  for  information  concerning 
the  Collet  family,  I  hope  the  following 
may  be  found  useful.  In  '  Letter  Books 
of  the  City  '  it  is  recorded  that  Thomas 
Collet,  Draper,  in  1462  requested  permission 
to  marry  Petronilla,  the  daughter  of  Robert 
Stocker,  Draper.  Thomas  Collet  was  ap- 
parently one  of  the  City  apprentices,  and 
so  had  to  get  the  consent  of  the  Corporation 
before  marriage. 

According  to  Sharpe  (in  '  London  and 
the  Kingdom  ')  Henry  Collet  was  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  Alderman  of  the  City  for  Far- 
ringdon  and  later  of  Castle  Baynard  and 
Cornhill  Wards;  Sheriff,  1477;  Mayor, 
1486,  and  died  1505.  But  this  does  not 
quite  correspond  with  Beaven's  '  Aldermen 


12  s. vm.  MAY  H,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


of  the  City.'  Henry's  son  was  founder  of 
St.  Paul's  School. 

According  to  Howlett  (in  '  Monumenta 
Franciscana ')  Henry  Collet  was  Sheriff  in 
1474,  and  this  is  confirmed  by  the  following 
note  : — "  Thys  yere  beganne  the  reparaciones 
of  the  walls  of  the  Cette  of  London  and 
the  detches  abowte  New  Cutte.  Humfry 
Leyford,  Mayor,  John  Stocker,  Henry 
Collet,  Shreffys."  Henry  VI.  17. 

Robert  Stocker,  father  of  Petronilla,  the 
wife  of  Thomas  Collet,  was  brother  of  Sir 
William  Stocker,  Mayor,  1485,  and  Alderman 
John  Stocker  of  the  same  date.  Robert  was 
a  member  of  the  Staple  of  Calais,  of  which 
his  brother  William  was  also  Mayor,  and 
the  three  brothers,  William,  John  and  Robert, 
were  all  members  of  the  Drapers'  Company. 

Any  information  about  the  Stocker  family, 
especially  of  the  fifteenth  century,  would  be 
gladly  accepted.  CHARLES  J.  S.  STOCKER. 


MoW're.     By 


on 

Arthur    Tilley. 


(Cambridge    Uni- 


THE attractiveness  of  Moliere  to  the  Englishman 
might  be  made  the  theme  for  an  interesting  in- 
quiry. It  cannot  be  explained  by  the  position 
he  occupies  among  the  classics  of  French  literature  ; 
indeed  it  is  a  proof  of  the  reality  of  his  charm  that 
it  can  survive  a  connexion  with  recitation  books 
and  literary  primers.  And  it  is  felt  by  many  who 
are  not  students  of  the  drama  or  of  history. 
Perhaps  the  medley  of  vague  associations  which 
his  name  suggests  (it  may  be  termed  the  legend 
of  Moliere)  makes  special  appeal  to  the  English 
imagination.  He  had  in  a  supreme  degree  the 
quality  of  pluck,  he  turned  misf  orl  une  into  laughter 
and  made  a  jest  of  his  own  sufferings.  Moreover, 
he  died  in  harness  ;  his  last  hour  was  passed  upon 
the  stage  —  not  "  a  good  end  "  perhaps,  but  at 
least  it  was  a  brave  one.  And  so  he  holds  a  place 
in  the  esteem  of  the  ordinaryEnglishman  which  is 
not  accorded  to  any  other  writer  of  an  alien  race, 
but  his  claim  to  it  is  not  based  on  those  qualities 
which  have  made  him,  to  the  literary  mind,  so 
fascinating  a  subject  for  study  and  criticism  and 
research. 

There  exists  a  whole  literature  of  Moliere  (a 
complete  catalogue  of  the  books  written  about 
him  requires  an  index  if  it  is  to  serve  any  useful 
purpose),  nevertheless  there  is  a  place  for  the  new 
study  given  us  by  Mr.  Tilley.  It  is  natural  that 
offers  of  guidance  made  from  so  many  quarters 
should  excite  a  desire  for  independent  exploration, 
but  the  work  of  Moliere  is  not  the  best  field  for 
such  adventure  ;  it  cannot  be  separated  without 
loss  from  those  details  of  the  conditions  and  in- 
fluences surrounding  it  with  which  the  investiga- 
tions of  scholars  have  supplied  us.  The  inter- 
play of  cause  and  effect  between  his  personal 
experience  and  the  development  of  his  art  is  ex- 
traordinarily interesting.  His  cynicism,  his  scorn 


of  cant  and  of  all  hollow  .profession  of  religion  has 
aroused  the  antagonism  of  some  critics,  among 
whom  M.  Brunetiere  is  chief  (for  his  condemnation 
by  Jean-Jacques  Rousseau  was  entirely  un- 
critical), yet  it  would  seem  to  have  been  the  in- 
evitable consequence  of  the  treatment  meted 
out  to  him  by  his  contemporaries.  For  he  was  an 
actor  first  and  a  dramatist  afterwards  ;  the  call 
to  the  stage  had  come  in  his  boyhood,  his  vocation 
was  a  part  of  his  being,  and  by  that  vocation  he 
fell  under  the  ban  of  the  Church.  At  a  time  when 
external  religion  had  so  large  a  part  in  the  life 
of  the  nation  an  actor  was  debarred  from  the 
practice  of  it.  Thirty  years  after  the  death  of 
Moliere  it  is  recorded  by  that  delightful  letter- 
writer  President  Dugas  that  certain  Italian 
comedians  "  struck  "  for  their  Catholic  privilege, 

and  Cardinal  de  Noailles  allowed  them  to  bring 

and  «a  chaplain  from  their  native  land  on  whom  the 
rules  laid  down  for  the  French  clergy  would  not  be 
binding.  If  the  absurdity  of  such  a  compromise 
was  patent  to  the  worthy  lawyer  who  was  an 
unconcerned  observer,  it  may  be  assumed  that  to 
Moliere  the  system  that  laid  a  ban  on  himself 
and  his  fellow-artists  appeared  too  inconsistent 
and  unreasonable  to  claim  respect.  His  sight 
was  keen,  he  saw  vice  flaunting  in  high  places 
and  was  overwhelmed  by  his  sense  of  hypocrisy. 
H  is  art  gave  him  the  means  to  strike  a  blow  at  the 
evil  that  he  loathed  and  Tartuffe  came  to  life.  In 
like  manner  the  knowledge  that  came  by  intimate 
experience,  the  jealousy  of  his  contemporaries, 
the  faithlessness  of  those  he  loved,  may  be  found 
expressed  in  those  living  characters  that  he  created, 
and  a  lover  of  his  work  will  not  be  satisfied  with 
mere  text-book  knowledge  of  his  life. 

It  is  clear  from  the  study  before  us  that  Mr. 
Tilley  may  be  classed  among  the  lovers  of  Moliere. 
It  has  been  written  with  evident  enjoyment  and 
it  has  the  qualities  and  the  defects  of  a  book  de- 
signed rather  for  the  satisfaction  of  its  author 
than  for  the  illumination  of  any  particular  type 
of  reader.  Among  its  qualities  we  may  note  the 
evidence  of  a  sympathetic  understanding  which  is 
independent  of  the  criticism  of  earlier  authorities, 
and  a  wealth  of  allusion  to  contemporary  life  and 
literature.  The  plays  are  taken  in  chronological 
order  and  the  incidents  connected  with  them 
and  the  criticism  and  controversy  they  have 
excited  are  indicated.  At  the  end  are  two  chapters 
which  sum  up  the  scattered  suggestion  of  the 
book.  The  scheme  resembles  that  of  the  book 
by  M.  Donnay,  although  the  conclusions  differ 
materially,  and  both  contain,  in  concise  and  in- 
telligible form,  the  knowledge  most  needed  for 
the  full  enjoyment  of  the  plays.  There  are  certain 
omissions,  however,  in  Mr.  Tilley's  work  which  are 
to  be  regretted.  For  a  reader  approaching  the 
study  of  Moliere  a  bibliography  indicating  the 
leading  authorities. would  have  been  extremely 
useful.  At  the  end  of  chap.  i.  a  few  books  on 
Moliere  are  mentioned,  but  these  pages  give  little 
guidance,  and  no  reference  is  made  to  Voltaire, 
whose  life,  although  it  is  mainly  a  reproduction 
of  that  of  Grimarest,  is  more  accessible  to  English 
readers.  The  description  of  the  plays  is  too  de- 
tailed to  be  intended  for  students  of  experience, 
yet  in  the  neophyte  too  much  knowledge  is 
assumed  and  some  conclusions  are  left  unex- 
plained. Why,  for  instance,  are  we  required  to 
reject  the  idea  that  Montausier  served  as  a  model 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.vm.  MAY  14,1021. 


for  '  Le  Misanthrope  '  ?  The  tradition  has  been 
challenged,  but  it  is  an  old  one,  and  the  Dauphin's 
governor,  as  his  contemporaries  represent  him,  has 
many  points  in  common  with  Alceste  ;  the  chief 
difference  is  that  of  age,  for  Montausier  in  his 
youth  was  not  conspicuous  for  virtue.  It  is 
perhaps  a  tribute  to  the  interest  of  Mr.  Tilley's  ob- 
servations that  we  should  wish  to  see  them  am- 
plified. Certain  small  inaccuracies  have  sur- 
vived the  correction  of  proofs.  In  October,  1658, 
when  Moliere  began  his  career  in  Paris,  "  his 
Majesty  was  a  lad  of  seventeen  "  (p.  14).  Louis 
XIV.  was  born  Sept.  5,  1638.  In  chap.  iv.  the 
allusions  to  the  secret  societies  of  the  period  are 
confusing.  If  the  Company  of  the  Holy  Sacrament 
of  p.  105  is  La  Compagnie  du  Saint- Sacrement  of 
p.  98,  the  date  of  its  foundation,  given  as  1680,  is 
incorrect.  If  they  are  not  identical  the  distinction 
should  be  made  clear. 

The  Gild  of  St.  Mary,  Lichfield.  (Oxford  Univer- 
sity Press,  for  the  E.E.T.S.,  15s.) 
IT  is  a  pleasure  to  welcome  another  of  these  well- 
known  volumes.  The  one  before  us  is  No.  CXIV. 
of  the  "  Extra  "  Series  of  the  Early  English  Text 
Society,  and  it  gives  us  first  Richard  II. 's  Ordin- 
ances of  1387  in  the  English  version  made  in 
1538,  secondly  Sir  Humfrey  Stanley's  Ordinances 
of  1486,  and  thirdly  Dean  Heywood's  Reform  of 
"  Our  Lady's  Alms-Chest,"  1486.  On  the  back 
of  two  of  the  leaves  are  minor  documents  :  the 
expulsion  from  the  Gild  of  William  Stondenoght 
for  refusing  to  serve  as  Master  in  1538,  a  "  Memo- 
randum for  the  A-compt  of  the  Master  of  the 
Gilde,"  1539  ;  and  the  account  of  a  levy  of  a 
fifteenth  from  Lichfield  in  1558.  Canons  Radclyf 
and  Herwood  had  severally  in  1457  put  £20  in  a 
coffer  or  alms-chest  in  the  Lady  Chapel  of  Lich- 
field Cathedral,  to  be  lent  to  poor  men  of  Lich- 
field. This  sum  of  £40  had,  by  Dean  Heywood's 
time,  come  down  to  no  more  than  £13.  £20 
more  was  recovered,  making  £33  in  all,  and  the 
Dean  adding  £7  to  make  up  the  original  amount, 
places  the  whole  in  one  chest  and  provides  for 
its  better  keeping.  A  pleasantly-worded  marginal 
summary  makes  reference  to  the  sections  of  these 
documents  easy.  In  view  of  "Lady  Day" 
having  become  so  firmly  identified  with  the 
Feast  of  the  Annunciation  we  think  it  a  pity 
that  the  margin  should  have  this  name  for  the 
feasts  both  of  the  Conception  and  of  the  Nativity 
of  Our  Lady  which  are  mentioned  in  full  in  the 
text. 

This  volume  also  includes  the  first  and  second 
Charters  of  the  Lichfield  Tailors  (1576  and  1697 
respectively)  and  the  two  Ordinances  (1601  and 
1630)  of  the  Lichfield  Smiths'  Gild. 

The  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  By  Bernard 
Hobson.  (Cambridge  University  Press. 
4s.  6d.  net.) 

THIS  new  member  of  the  Cambridge  series  of 
County  Handbooks  takes  its  place  worthily 
among  its  predecessors.  The  bulk  of  material 
to  be  dealt  with,  within  the  narrow  limits  laid 
down  by  the  plan  of  the  series,  has  made  strict 
compression  necessary.  One  may  say  that  scarce 
a  word  has  been  wasted  ;  and  the  result  of  this 
economy  is  a  thick  pack  of  information  which 
includes  a  sufficient  account  of  all  important 
matters,  and  something  more  than  mere  mention 


of  a  surprisingly    large    number    of    places    and 
subjects  of  secondary  importance.     The  scientific 

Eortion  merits  especial  praise,  partly  no  doubt 
ecause  the  conditions  imposed  bear  somewhat 
less  hardly  here  than  they  do  on  history  and 
antiquities,  or  even  on  topography — partly, 
but  not  entirely,  for  skill  in  the  selection  and  ar- 
rangement of  material  and  a  workmanlike  diction 
bear  a  great  part  in  the  success.  .The  ilhis- 
trations  form  a  satisfactory  featxire  ;  both  the 
hackneyed  and  the  insignificant,  by  the  one  or 
other  of  which  books  of  this  kind  are  apt  to  be 
beset,  have,  on  the  whole,  been  happily  avoided. 

WE  have  received  the  April  number  of  the 
Annals  of  Archceology  and  Anthropology,  pub- 
lished by  the  University  of  Liverpool.  Professor 
Halliday,  continuing  the  learned  and  lively  '  Study 
of  Good  Form  in  Fifth  Century  Athens,'  treats 
of  the  schooling  of  Pheidippides  and  his  life  as 
a  fashionable  young  man.  Mr.  Newstead  gives 
the  second  part  of  his  minutely  detailed  report 
of  the  Roman  cemetery  excavated  in  the  In- 
firmary Field,  Chester.  The  Organization  of 
Archaeological  Research  in  Palestine  is  a  sub- 
ject which  should  certainly  find  many  supporters  : 
Dr.  Garstang  contributes  a  short  note  on  it  here. 

THE  May  number  of  The  Cornhill  Magazine 
begins  with  a  first  instalment  from  a  batch  of 
forty  letters  written  between  1838  and  1870 
by  Carlyle  to  Thomas  Story  Spedding.  They 
have  been  selected  by  Mr.  A.  Carlyle,  who  supplies 
a  short  introduction  and  notes.  We  have  here 
thirteen  of  flarlyle's  letters,  and,  inserted  in  their 
places,  three  of  Spedding's— good  letters,  and  well 
worth  the  attention  of  a  lover  of  Carlyle.  The 
rest  of  the  number  is  well  proportioned  to  so 
good  a  beginning.  Miss  MacCunn's  study  of 
Peguy,  if  a  little  long-winded,  interprets  faith- 
fully and  with  discrimination  the  mind  and 
work  of  a  remarkable  man.  '  Do  Cats  Think  ?  ' 
is  a  delightful  article  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  W.  H. 
Hudson,  a  pen  which  has  never  lost  the  cha,rm 
which,  so  many  years  ago  now,  first  revealed 
La  Plata  to  us.  '  Golf  Marginalia ' — Judge 
Parry's  very  pleasant  contribution — is  full  of 
good  detail.  It  contains  that  curious  word 
"  peeved  " — a  back-formation,  says  Prof.  Week- 
ley — which  has  not  yet  made  many  appearances 
in  printed  prose  outside  of  dialogue.  Mr.  Charles 
Fletcher  writes  with  knowledge  and  sympathy 
of  a  Boys'  Club  ;  and  we  enjoyed  the  gaiety  and 
wit  of  '  Cock-a-doodle-doo  !  ' 


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CONTENTS.— No.    162. 

NOTES  :— An^English  Comedian  at  the  Court  of  Louis 
XIV.,  401 — Court-martial  on  a  Duellist,  Newfoundland, 
402— English  Army  List,  1740,  405— Glass-painters  of  York, 
406 — Petty  France,  407 — Italian  Exchange  in  Early 
Seventeenth  Century — The  New  Theatre,  Hammersmith. 
408 — Epitaph  in  Lowestoft  Churchyard — Epitaph  in 
Benson  Church,  Oxon,  409. 

QUERIES  :— "  Beads  of  Castledowne  "—Timothy  Con- 
stable—Viscount Stafford,  1680— Club  Membership  Long- 
evity— A  Relic  of  Napoleon — Mr.  Gordon,  Philanthropist. 
near  Blackheath — Dr.  Arndall,  Hobart — John  Axford — 
Engraving  of  Old  Soldier — Poem  Wanted — Professional 
Genealogist — Lightfoot,  410 — Pushkin  and  Dante — 
Japanese  Artists — Charles  Simpson — Royalist  and  Round- 
head Rates  of  Pay — The  Centipede — Clementina  Johannes 
Sobiesky  Douglass — Franklin  Nights  (or  Days),  411. 

REPLIES  : — Napoleon  and  London — Wilson's  Buildings, 
412 — Cherry  Orchards  of  Kent — "  Honest  "  Epitaphs — 
"  Zoo  " — Churches  of  St.  Michael — Culver  Hole,  Gower — 
Old  Novels  and  Song-Books,  413— Epigrammatists— 
Catherinot :  Epigrammata,  414 — Reference  Wanted — 
Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  Dance — Robinson  Crusoe's  Island, 
415 — "  He  will  never  set  the  Sieve  on  Fire  " — The  Thames 
Running  Dry — Venetian  Window,  416 — Book  Borrowers — 
Pictures  of  Covent  Garden — Archbishop  Tillotson  and  the 
Last  Sacraments — Smallest  Pig  of  a  Litter — '  Pericles  ' 
on  the  Stage — Tavern  Signs  :  '  Quiet  Woman  ' — "  Mag- 
dalen "  or  "  Mawdlen,"  417— Lancashire  Settlers  in 
America — Henry  Bell  of  Portington — "  Four-Bottle  Men  " 
—Fire  Pictures— Joseph  Austin,  Actor,  1735-1821— The 
Year's  Round  of  Children's  Games,  418 — Mary  Benson, 
aUas  Maria  Theresa  Phipoe,  419. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Tdwer  of  London  '— '  Norwich 
Castle '— '  John  Dryden  and  a  British  Academy.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


AN     ENGLISH     COMEDIAN    AT     THE 
COURT    OF    LOUIS    XIV. 

DISCREETEST  of  all  the  Sacred  Nine,  Clio 
is  seldom  gracious  to  her  devotees.  To 
those  who  supplicate  she  is  the  muse  of 
sophistry  and  evasion ;  to  gain  the  truth 
one  must  tear  it  remorselessly  from  her 
bowels.  No  more  remarkable  instance  of 
how  theatrical  history  has  suffered  from 
her  caprice  exists  than  in  the  case  of  the 
first  performance  of  *  Le  Bourgeois  Gentil- 
homme,'  an  event  which,  so  far  from  taking 
place  publicly,  occurred  at  Chambord  in 
the  presence  of  the  Grand  Monarque  on 
October  14,  1670.  For  considerably  over 
two  centuries  it  has  been  a  settled  opinion 
among  Moliere  worshippers  that  on  its 
ushering  into  the  world  the  comedy  was 
followed  by  an  associated  opera-ballet 
which  distinctly  glorified  three  nations, 
and  three  only.  Nothing  was  lacking, 


seemingly,  to  lend  assurance  on  that  point. 
The  published  scenario  of  the  ballet  yields 
the  information  that  none  but  France, 
Spain,  and  Italy  had  representatives  at 
that  festival  of  dance  and  song.  But,  as  it 
happens,  a  fourth  nation  sent  its  am- 
bassador unbidden  to  the  assembly,  and  to 
him,  by  an  irony  of  circumstance,  all  the 
real  honours  fell.  In  other  words,  bril- 
liantly as  the  rtiditre  de  ballet  planned,  he 
was  out -planned  by  Providence. 

By  a  curious  synchronization,  it  chanced 
that  in  July,  1670,  Charles  II.  had  dispatched 
his  prime  favourite,  the  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, to  Versailles,  with  the  hope  of  nego- 
tiating a  treaty  for  a  joint  war  with 
Holland.  The  better  to  lighten  the  cares 
of  his  mission,  Buckingham  took  in  his 
train,  as  a  sort  of  licensed  jester,  the  facetious 
Joe  Haines,  that  erstwhile  secretary  of 
Sir  Joseph  Williamson,  whose  blabbing 
tongue  and  irresponsible  wit  had  launched 
him  on  an  uproarious  career  of  bohemianism 
and  buffoonery.  To  think  of  Joe  and  his 
morris  dance  a-down  the  years  is  to  cap 
the  absurdities  of  a  Charlie  Chaplin  film. 
Although  sprung  from  goodness  knows 
where,  he  contrived  to  get  a  liberal  uni- 
versity education,  and  left  Oxford  an 
accomplished  linguist.  But  he  soon  wearied 
of  engrossing  dull  Latin  documents  in  a 
deadening  Government  office,  and  took 
to  the  stage  as  instinctively  as  a  duckling 
waddles  to  water.  He  had  but  a  little  time 
trodden  the  boards  when  that  avid  curiosity- 
monger,  Samuel  Pepys,  discovered  him 
and  pronounced  his  dancing  and  his  freakish- 
ness  incomparable.  In  recording  Joe's 
first  appearance  on  the  regular  stage  in 
1668,  after  his  apprentisage  at  the  Nursery, 
the  diarist  dubs  him  "  an  understanding 
fellow,"  adding  "  and  yet  they  say  hath 
spent  a  thousand  pounds  a  year."  How" 
he  managed  to  accomplish  this  feat  while 
having  no  money  of  his  own,  deponent 
sayeth  not. 

Such  was  the  merry  wight  whom  Bucking- 
ham thought  proper  to  take  with  him  to 
France,  and,  in  fullness  of  time,  to  present 
to  the  Grand  Monarque.  Never,  perhaps, 
was  plenipotentiary  so  familiarly  enter- 
tained as  was  old  Rowley's  favourite  by 
the  masque -loving  Louis.  "  I  have  had 
more  honours  done  me,"  he  writes  to 
Arlington,  "  than  ever  were  given  to  any 
subject."  In  September  he  returned  to 
England,  accompanied  by  Endymion  Porter 
and  the  Count  de  Grammont,  the  three 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  a vm.  MAY  21, 1921. 


travelling  as  escort  to  Louise  de  Querou- 
aille,  who  was  then  repairing  to  Whitehall 
on  her  mission  of  concubinage  and  di- 
plomacy. 

Meanwhile  the  vein  of  cool  assurance  and 
unflagging  humour  which  had  won  for  Joe 
Haines  the  good  will  of  many  an  English 
noble  had  likewise  proved  an  open  sesame 
at  the  Grand  Monarque's  court.  Thanks 
to  a  sound  knowledge  of  French  and 
Italian,  Joe  was  as  much  at  his  ease  in  Paris 
as  in  London.  But,  seeing  that  he  had 
already  dissipated  that  cool  thousand  a 
year  (whether  his  own  or  somebody 
else's),  and  that  the  doors  of  the  Theatre 
Royal,  Drury  Lane,  were  yawning  widely 
for  his  return,  it  is  not  unnatural  to  ask 
why  he  was  lingering  behind  after  the 
departure  of  his  ducal  patron  and  purse- 
bearer.  One  has  only  to  put  two  and  two 
together  to  find  that  the  Grand  Monarque's 
pleasure  was  at  the  bottom  of  the  mystery. 
The  solution  of  the  problem  lies  in  what 
William  Perwich  wrote  to  Joe's  old  chief, 
Sir  Joseph  Williamson,  in  a  letter  from 
Paris,  dated  October  25,  1670  : — 

The  King  will  be  (here  I  mean)  at  Saint 
Germains  this  day  to  see  the  Dolphin,  upon 
whose  indisposition  the  King  broke  up  all  his 
divertisements  in  the  midst  to  come  away. 
I  think  I  told  you  something  of  Jo.  Haines  ; 
now  I  can  add  that  he  has  behaved  himself 
there  to  everybody's  wonder,  and  diverted  the 
King  by  severall  English  dances,  to  his  great 
satisfaction,  and  that  of  all  the  court.  If  you 
should  think  it  convenient,  it  would  do  him  a 
great  kindnesse  in  England  to  mention  him  in 
the  Gazette  among  the  King's  divertisements  at 
Chambort,  where,  whilst  the  Balets  were  pre- 
paring, he  hunted  the  wild  bore  and  phesants  : 
By  the  enclosed  you  see  the  severall  entries  and 
manner  of  the  Balet ;  between  every  one  Haines 
had  order  to  Dance  by  himselfe,  and,  notwith- 
standing the  confronting  of  the  best  dancers, 
carried  it  off  to  admiration,  and  was  ordred 
%o  dance  some  things  twice  over. 

These  facts  have  not  hitherto  been 
credited  unto  Haines  for  righteousness. 
But  for  the  happy  publication  by  the 
Camden  Society  of  '  The  Dispatches  of 
William  Perwich '  they  would  have  alto- 
gether escaped  us.  Perwich' s  details  are  of 
prime  importance,  not  only  because  they 
reveal  how  England  triumphed  in  playing 
the  role  of  uninvited  guest  at  the  banquet 
served  in  '  Le  Ballet  des  Nations,'  but  also 
because  they  indicate  how  it  chanced  that 
no  record  of  Haines's  appearance  was 
preserved  in  the  published  accounts  of  the 
production.  The  Drury  Lane  droll  was 
absent  from  the  rehearsals  of  the  Ballet, 


and  his  interludes  of  eccentric  dancing 
had  no  place  in  its  scheme.  He  received  no 
formal  invitation  to  the  feast  and  yet 
was  given  the  seat  of  honour. 

One  can  readily  divine  what  capital 
a  latter-day  comedian  would  make  of  such 
an  achievement.  Unfortunately  for  Joe, 
however,  the  blatant  art  of  theatrical 
advertisement  had  not  yet  sprung  into 
being.  It  must  needs  have  been  that  Wil- 
liamson failed  to  take  Perwich' s  (probably 
inspired)  hint  as  to  the  advisability  of 
mentioning  his  quondam  secretary's  success 
in  the  Gazette,  for  nobody  remarked  the 
faintest  halo  around  Joe's  head  on  his 
welcome  return  to  Drury  Lane. 

W.    J.    LAWRENCE. 


TRIAL     BY     COURT-MARTIAL     OF     A 
DUELLIST.     NEWFOUNDLAND,  1826. 

(See  ante,  p.  381.) 
CAPTAIN    MOBICE'S    ADDRESS. 

"  May  it  please    your  Lordships,  and    Gentlemen 
of  the  Jury, 

"  Placed  in  the  same  unfortunate  situation 
as  my  friend,  Captain  Budkin,  and  by  the  law 
liable  to  the  same  punishment ;  with  feelings, 
too,  like  his,  lacerated  by  the  late  melancholy 
event,  as  well  as  by  a  severe  domestic  calamity, 
of  which  I  have  received  intelligence  since  my 
confinement,  I  beg  to  claim  the  same  indulgence 
which  has  been  extended  to  him,  of  reading  the 
few  words  I  have  to  urge  in  my  defence  to  the 
charge  upon  which  we  stand  indicted. 

"  Gentlemen,  there  are  some  circumstances 
attending  the  late  unhappy  affair,  to  which 
Captain  Rudkin,  through  delicacy,  has  avoided 
adverting,  which  will,  I  trust,  in  the  opinion  of 
you  all,  exculpate  our  conduct ; — at  least,  they 
will  convince  you  that  it  has  been  honourable 
throughout,  and  that  instead  of  fermenting  the 
unfortunate  dispute,  both  Dr.  Strachan  and 
myself  used  every  exertion  to  bring  it  to  an 
amicable  adjustment,  as  far  as  we  consistently 
could,  without  compromising  the  characters  of 
our  principals  :  and  I  must  do  Captain  Rudkin 
the  justice  to  observe  that  he  was  perfectly 
content  to  accede  to  our  pacific  views,  and  to 
place  his  honour  in  our  hands.  But,  gentlemen, 
the  obstinate  determination  of  the  deceased  not 
to  make  that  apology,  which  I,  although  his  friend, 
conceived  as  a  gentleman  he  might  have  done, 
without  any  imputation  on  his  courage  or 
character,  and  which  the  very  gross  provocation 
!  he  had  given  Captain  Rudkin  imperiously 
:  required,  completely  defeated  our  endeavours. 

"  But,  gentlemen,  from  the  secrecy  invariably 
•  observed  upon  such  occasions,  many  of  these 
i  circumstances  must  rest  upon  our  own  assurance 
j  as  men  of  honour  and  British  officers,  strengthened, 
indeed,  by  some  collateral  circumstances  which 
I  will  be  laid  in  evidence  before  you. 


12  S.  VIII.  MAY  21,  1921.]         NOTES    ANI>    QUERIES. 


403 


"  The  evening  preceding  the  fatal  meeting 
I  was,  with  several  other  gentlemen,  among 
whom  were  my  fellow-prisoners,  Lieut.  Stanley, 
and  the  deceased,  at  Captain  Willock's  quarters. 
The  party  had  all  left  except  those  I  have  men- 
tioned and  Mr.  Cavendish  Willock  (Captain 
Willock's  .brother).  A  game  of  cards  Avas  pro- 
posed, and  I  believe  commenced  (but  I  did  not 
play  myself),  when,  as  it  was  growing  late, 
Mr.  Stanley  observed  that  we  had  better  go 
away,  as  we  were  only  keeping  Captain  Willock 
up,  and  annoying  him.  In  reply  to  this  observa- 
tion, the  deceased  addressed  some  most  un- 
gentlemanly  language  and  insulting  threats  to 
Mr.  Stanley,  who  then  left  the  room,  accompanied 
by  Mr.  Cavendish  Willock,  who  soon  afterwards 
returned  again.  The  deceased  afterwards  re- 

Juested  me  to  call  upon  him  in  the  morning,  and 
then  thought,  from  the  manner  in  which  he 
asked  me,  that  he  wished  to  see  me  for  the 
purpose  of  acting  as  his  friend,  in  case  he  should 
be  called  out  by  Mr.  Stanley.  I  shortly  after- 
wards went  away,  and  Mr.  Cavendish  Willock 
went  out  with  me.  We  mutually  expressed  our 
disapprobation  of  the  conduct  of  the  deceased, 
and  Mr.  Willock  then  informed  me  of  Mr.  Stanley's  i 
intention  to  call  the  deceased  out,  and  that  he 
had  been  requested  to  act  as  his  friend.  I  told 
him  that  I  expected  the  deceased  would  call 
upon  me,  and  that  I  was  decidedly  of  opinion 
that  if  he  did  he  must  apologize.  After  some 
further  conversation  we  parted.  At  that  time, 
gentlemen,  the  unfortunate  dispute  between  the 
deceased  and  Captain  Rudkin  had  not  occurred. 
"  The  next  morning,  about  ten  o'clock,  when 

1  was  on  board  the  yacht,  a  soldier  came  and 
informed  me  that  the  deceased  wished  to  see  me 
immediately    on    particular    business.     I    wrote 
him    a    note,    informing    him    that    the    ice    had 
broken  the  yacht  adrift,  and  I  could  not  leave 
till  I  had  her  secured  ;    but  I  expected  I  should 
be    able    to    see    him    about    12    o'clock.     After 
securing   the   yacht   to   a   wharf,    I    went   up    to , 
Government  House  to  report   to   his   Excellency 
what  I  had  done,  and   remained  there  till  near 

2  o'clock  when  I  went  to  Port  William,  where  I 
saw  the  deceased  walking  in  the  balcony  opposite 
his   own   quarter's,   with   Dr.    Strachan ;     and   on 
going  up  to  them,  the  deceased  informed  me  that 
he  had  got  a  pill  for  breakfast.     I  inferred  from 
this  that  Mr.  Stanley  had  sent  to  him  to  demand 
an  explanation  of  his  conduct  the  night  before. 
I  immediately  said,  '  Philpot,  if  it  is  from  Stanley 
you  must  apologize,  for  you  were  very  violent, 
and  much  in  the  wrong,  and  he  did  not  give  you 
the   slightest  provocation.'      The   deceased   said, 
'  Well,  will  you  be  my  friend  on  this  occasion, 
and  I  will  do  what  you  think  proper.'     I  answered 
(not  knowing  he  had  any  other  quarrel),  '  I  will, 
but  you  must  make  an  apology  to  Stanley.'     He  i 
then  informed  me  that  he  had  another  affair  to 
settle   with   Captain   Rudkin,  and   said,   'Here  is; 
his  friend  the  Doctor,  and  I   will  tell  you  in  his 
presence    what    occasioned     the    dispute.'      This,  ! 
gentlemen,  I  do  declare  was  the  first  I  knew  of 
the    deceased's    quarrel    with    Captain    Rudkin. 
He  then  related  the  circumstances  as  they  will 
be  given  in  evidence.     I  observed  that  the  insult 
he   had    given    to    Captain    Rudkin   was    a   very 
serious  one,  and  that  he  must  make  any  apology 
th<>    Captain    required.     To    which    he    replied, 


'  You  had  better  talk  to  the  Doctor  about  it.' 
I  then  informed  the  deceased  that  I  would 
endeavour  to  settle  with  Mr.  Stanley  first,  and 
would  consult  the  Doctor  afterwards  ;  and  I 
told  him  that  as  I  was  present  when  he  insulted 
Mr.  Stanley,  who  had  not  given  him  the  least 
provocation,  he  must  make  an  apology.  He 
replied,  '  If  I  must,  I  must ;  but  I  had  much 
rather  go  out  with  him  ' — or  words  to  that  effect. 
I  then  left  the  deceased,  telling  him  that  I  hoped 
I  should  be  able  to  settle  all  for  him  in  the  same 
way.  On  going  down  from  the  balcony,  I  met 
Mr.  Cavendish  Willock,  who  informed  me  that 
he  was  going  from  Mr.  Stanley  to  the  deceased, 
to  demand  an  explanation  and  satisfaction  for 
his  conduct.  I  informed  Mr.  Willock  that  I 
was  the  friend  of  the  deceased  on  this  occasion, 
and  requested  to  know  what  satisfaction  Mr. 
Stanley  required.  He  answered  that  '  The 
deceased  should  either  apologize  or  go  out  '- 
and  I  immediately  said,  '  I  will  make  him 
apologize,  which  I  hope  will  be  satisfactory  to 
both  parties.'  Mr.  Willock  then,  went  to  bring 
Mr.  Stanley  into  his  own  quarters,  and  I  went 
to  the  deceased,  and  said,  '  Come  along,  I  have 
got  you  out  of  one  scrape,  and  if  you  will  be 
ruled  by  me,  I  will  get  you  out  of  the  other  as 
easy.'  He  then  replied,  '  Very  well ;  I  must, 
I  suppose,  but  I  had  much  rather  go  out  with 
him.'  We  went  together  to  Mr.  Stanley's 
quarters,  when  I  made  him  apologize — and  they 
shook  hands.  We  then  left  Mr.  Stanley's  room, 
and  I  requested  the  deceased  to  go  upstairs  and 
wait  till  I  had  "seen  Dr.  Strachan,  to  whom  I 
then  spoke,  and  requested  to  know  what  satis- 
faction Captain  Rudkin  desired.  He  replied 
that  Captain  Rudkin  required  deceased  to 
apologize  for  his  conduct  to  him,  and  throw 
himself  on  his  kindness,  or  go  out  with  him,  and 
give  him  the  usual  satisfaction  of  a  gentleman. 
I  went  to  the  deceased,  and  told  him  what 
Dr.  Strachan  said,  and  added,  '  Now,  Philpot, 
you  have  grossly  insulted  Captain  Rudkin,  and 
as  a  military  man  he  must  get  the  apology  he 
requires.'  He  replied,  '  Does  he  think  me  a 
damned  poltroon  ?  I  will  convince  him  to  the 
contrary  of  that.  Parade  the  bull-dogs  (meaning 
pistols)  at  once,  and  let  us  have  it  over  ;  I  don't 
like  to  have  anything  of  this  kind  long  on  hand.' 
I  then  intreated  him  to  consider  of  it,  but  he 
answered,  '  No  !  let  us  go  at  once.'  I  then 
went  to  Dr.  Strachan,  and  informed  him  of  the 
determination  of  the  deceased,  and  said,  '  It  was 
a  very  delicate  business,  and  I  wish  to  God  we 
could  settle  it '  ;  and  we  were  both  of  the 
opinion  that  he  either  must  make  the  apology 
or  go  out.  I  then  returned  to  the  deceased  and 
found  him  sitting  at  a  table  in  his  own  room, 
writing.  On  my  entering  the  door  he  said, 
'  Well,  I  am  all  ready,  let  us  go  at  once.'  I  have 
been  thus  minute  in  detailing  all  the  circum- 
stances within  my  knowledge,  previous  to  the 
fatal  meeting,  in  order  to  show  to  you  how 
completely  I  was  taken  by  surprise  ;  that  I  had 
no  time  for  reflection  ;  that  I  knew  nothing  of 
the  unhappy  quarrel  between  the  deceased  and 
Captain  Rudkin  till  within  so  short  a  period  of 
their  going  out.  .  .  .  We  then  took  separate 
directions,  and  met  near  the  ground  about  the 
same  time.  On  the  road,  both  Mr.  Cavendish 
Willock  and  myself  strongly  urged  [the  deceased] 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.viii.MAY2i,i92i. 


to  fire  in  the  air.  as  that  would  at  once  settle  the  , 
matter  ;    and  I  certainly  thought  he  would  have 
done  so. 

"  When  we  were  on  the  rising  ground  at  the  J 
back    of    West's    Farm,    Doctor    Strachan     sug-  j 
gested  that  it  appeared  to  be  a  fit  place  ;    but  the  [ 
deceased  said, '  Let  us  go  lower  down,  as  the  ground 
appears  more  level,  and  better  for  our  purpose '  ; 
and  after  he  had  repeatedly  urged  us   to  do    so, 
we  measured  off  fifteen  long  paces  near  where    he  , 
pointed    out,    and    put   a   mark    in    the    ground 
nearly  one  pace  more  than  we  measured,  making  j 
the  distance  nearly  sixteen  long  paces,  or  about  j 
forty-eight     feet.     During     this     time     Captain 
Budkin  was  standing  on  the  rising  ground,  a  quiet 
spectator  of  all  that  was  going  forward.      When 
the   ground  was  measured,   the   deceased  pulled 
off  his  coat,  cap  and  stock,  and  then  took    his 
station,   which    Doctor    Strachan   and    I    tossed 
up  for.     Doctor  Strachan  then  beckoned  Captain 
Budkin  down  from  the  rising  ground,  who  took 
his  place  also,  but  did  not  take  off  his  coat.     I  ; 
then  went  up  to  the  deceased   and  said,   '  Now  • 
vou   have    come   here,    there    needs    no    further 
proof  of  your  courage ;  go  up  to  Captain  Budkin 
and  say — I   throw   myself   on    your    friendship.' 
The  deceased  answered,   '  No,  I  am  here — let  it ! 
go  on.'     I  replied,  '  You  have  yourself  to  blame, ! 
whatever    may    be    the    consequence.'     I    then  | 
went  to  Dr.  Strachan  and  informed  him  of  de- ; 
ceased's  determination  not  to  make  the  apology  ; 
required,  and  we  were  of  opinion  the  proceedings  ' 
must  go  on.     The  pistols  being  delivered  to  the  I 
parties,  they  fired  nearly  together,  but  without  I 
taking   effect ;      and   the   deceased    immediately 
held  out  his  pistol  as  if  for  the  purpose  of  its 
being   reloaded.       I  then  went  up   to   him  and 
said,   '  Now  your   courage  has  been  put  to   the 
proof  and  established,  for  God's  sake  go  up  to 
Captain  Budkin  like  a  man,  and  apologize.'     Be 
answered,   '  I   cannot,  it  is  impossible.'     I  then 
went  up  to  Dr.  Strachan  and  consulted  with  him 
what  was  to  be  done  ;   and  we  considered  that  wo 
could  not  leave  the  ground,  as  the  matter  would 
be  left  quite  in  the  same  state  as  it  was  before 
the  meeting  and  another  must  inevitably  take 
place.     We   therefore   reloaded   the   pistols,   and 
the  deceased  held  out  his  hand  to  receive  his. 
On  delivering  it  to  him,   I  said,  '  Now  go   up  to 
Captain  Budkin,  or  else  I  will  not  remain  on  the 
ground  after  this  fire.'     But  the  deceased  would 
not  listen  to  my  proposition,  and  drew  himself 
up  and  fixed  his  eye  on   Captain  Budkin,  and 
seemed    more    determined    than    he    was    even 
before  the  first  fire.     We  gave  the  word,  and  thev 
fired   at   the   same   moment — the    deceased    fell. 
We   im.media.tely  ran   up,   and   Captain   Budkin 
at  first  thought  the  wound  was  in  the  arm  ;    but 
when  he  found  that  it  was  mortal,  he  appeared 
in  a  state  of  distraction,  and  ran  off  the  ground, 
saying  he  would  go  and  send  assistance. 

"  This  is,  gentlemen,  I  most  solemenly  assure 
you,  according  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  a 
faithful  and  honest  statement  of  all  the  circum- 
stances which  came  under  my  knowledge  or 
observation  attending  the  melancholy  transac- 
tion ;  and  I  ever  shall  deplore  that  I  was  so 
unfortunate  as  to  be  made  a  party  to  it,  which  I 
never  would  have  been  but  with  a  well-founded 
hope  that  I  might  be  the  happy  means  of  effecting 


a  reconciliation  ;  and  I  grounded  that  hope 
upon  my  knowledge  of  the  amiable  temper  and 
goodness  of  heart  which  I  knew  Captain  Budkin 
possessed,  and  by  which  he  liad  endeared  himself 
to  all  his  brother-officers.  I  knew  also,  gentle- 
men, that  the  unfortunate  deceased  had  had 
unpleasant  differences  with  most  of  the  gentle- 
men belonging  to  his  corps,  and  that  there  was 
scarcely  one  of  them  whom  he  could  ask  to"  act 
as  his  friend  on  such  an  occasion. 

"  Gentlemen,  I  have  been  sixteen  years  in  the 
Boyal  Navy,  and  during  that  period  have  been  in 
frequent  engagements  with  the  enemies  of  my 
country,"  &c. 

DOCTOB'STBACHAN'S  ADDRESS. 
«'  My  Lords,    and  Gentlemen  of  the   Jury, 

"  I  beg  to  avail  myself  of  the  privilege  which 
has  been  allowed  to  my  fellow-prisoners.  !>'of 
reading  the  remarks  which  I  think  it  necessary 
to  submit  to  you  on  the  present  important 
occasion,  on  the  issue  of  which  depends  f^my 
character  and  all  my  future  prospects. 

"  I  am,  gentlemen,  as  you  will  know  by  my 
designation  in  the  indictment,  a  Surgeon,  and  am 
attached  to  the  Veteran  Companies  ;  and  un- 
fortunately, gentlemen,  officers  holding  the  situa- 
tion in  the  army  which  I  have  the  honour  to  do, 
are  too  often  chosen  by  their  brother-officers 
to  act  as  friends  in  affairs  similar  to  the  un- 
happy one  which  has  been  the  cause  of  my  being 
placed  in  the  unfortunate  situation  in  which  I 
now  stand  ;  beca.use,  being  military  men,  we  are 
bound  to  observe  all  the  rules  and  customs 
established  in  the  army  on  such  occasions  ;  and 
as  professional  men  our  services  might  be  useful 
in  cases  in  which  surgical  aid  might  be  necessary. 

"  But,  gentlemen,  on  the  late  unhappy  occasion, 
I  know  that  Captain  Budkin's  motive  for  asking, 
and  my  motive  for  accepting  the  unpleasant  off  ce, 
was  that  I  am  almost  the  only  officer  in  the  corps 
with  whom  the  deceased  had  not  been  engaged 
in  some  unpleasant  altercation ;  and  I  therefore 
considered  myself  more  likely  than  any  other  to 
prevail  on  the  deceased  to  make  the  reasonable 
apology  Captain  Budkin  required.  .  .  . 

"  On  the  morning  of  the  fatal  meeting,  Captain 
Budkin  called  at  my  quarters,  and  asked  me  to 
step  outside.  I  accordingly  went,  when  he 
asked  me  if  I  would  act  as  his  friend.  I  replied 
that  I  hoped  he  had  not  any  unpleasant  affair 
on  hand.  He  told  me  that  he  had  received  such 
a  gross  insult  the  night  before  from  Mr.  Philpot 
that  he  wished  me  to  act  as  his  friend,  and 
endeavour  to  settle  it  in  the  most  honourable 
manner,  and  amicably,  if  I  could  possibly  do 
so  without  compromising  his  character ;  but 
he  declined  informing  me  the  particulars  of  the 
transaction,  and  referred  me  to  Captain  and  Mr. 
Cavendish  Willock,  who  were  present  when  the 
circumstances  occurred.  I  accordingly  waited 
on  those  gentlemen,  and  after  hearing  their 
account  of  it  went  to  Mr.  Philpot,  whose  state- 
ment exactly  corresponded  with  theirs.  I  then 
told  him  his  conduct  had  been  so  aggravating 
and  ungentlemanly  that  he  must  make  an 
apology,  and  throw  himself  upon  Captain  Bud- 
kin's  kindness.  He  replied,  '  I  have  received 
Captain  Budkin's  message  through  you,  and  I 
am  now  waiting  for  my  friend,  whom  I  will  send 


12  s.  viii.  MAY  2i,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


405 


to  you  as  soon  as  he  arrives.  But  I  have  another 
business  of  the  same  kind  on  hand,  and  I  may 
just  as  well  have  two  shots  as  one  ;  and,  Doctor, 
as  a  friend  of  mine,  I  trust  you  will  assist  me 
with  the  "  smoothing  irons,"  '  meaning  pistols. 
I  replied  that  I  knew  not  where  to  get  anything 
of  the  kind,  but  that  I  trusted  things  would 
turn  out  amicably.  He  said,  '  It  cannot  be  '  ; 
and  after  that  I  had  no  communication  with  him 
except  through  his  friend.  What  took  place 
afterwards  you  have  already  heard  from  Captain 
Morice,  which  I  beg  most  solemnly  to  assure  you 
is  in  every  respect  correct  ;  and  I  am  convinced 
that  Captain  Morice,  as  well  as  myself,  was 
actuated  in  accepting  the  unpleasant  office  by 
a  sincere  desire  to  prevent  the  unfortunate 
result,  which  I,  in  common  with  him  and  Captain 
Rudkin,  so  deeply  deplore. 

"  Gentlemen,  there  is  one  circumstance  which 
has  escaped  the  notice  of  my  friend,  Captain 
Morice,  which,  I  am  sure,  you  will  consider  as 
an  additional  proof  of  our  anxious  desire  to 
prevent  the  lamentable  termination  of  the 
unfortunate  meeting  ;  and  that  is,  gentlemen, 
that  the  distance  which  we  fixed  upon  for  them 
to  fire  was  nearly  five  paces  more  than  is  usual 
on  such  occasions.  In  the  unfortunate  affair  of 
Mr.  Uniacke  and  Mr.  Bowie,  th*  distance  at 


which    they   fired    was    twelve    paces,    and    that 
distance  is  scarcely  or  never  exceeded.     .     .     . 

"  Gentlemen,  I  have  now  been  in  the  army 
ever  since  the  year  1812,  and  served  under  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  in  the  Peninsular  campaigns 
in  the  following  years,  afterwards  in  Flanders, 
and  since  then  in  the  West  Indies  till  1824, 
when  I  was  obliged  to  return  to  England  in 
consequence  of  ill-health,  where  I  had  scarcely 
been  two  months  when  I  was  ordered  to  join 
the  Royal  Veteran  Companies  to  which  I  have 
now  the  honour  to  belong ;  and,  gentlemen, 
during  this  long  period  of  service,  I  do  most 
solemnly  declare  that  I  do  not  recollect  having 
had  a  single  dispute  with  a  brother-officer. 
Unfortunately  for  me,  I  am,  as  it  were,  a  stranger 
among  you.  There  is  not,  to  my  knowledge, 
a  single  person  in  the  island  to  whom  I  was 
known  previous  to  my  joining  my  present  corps. 
But,  gentlemen,  I  trust  that  the  character  you 
will  hear  from  my  brother-officers  of  my  conduct 
since  they  have  known  me  will  fully  satisfy 
you  that  it  is  not  my  disposition  to  inflame 
disputes  among  my  friends.  .  .  ." 


Wallingford. 


H.  E.  RUDKIN,  Major. 


(To  be  concluded.) 


AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF  1740. 

(See  12  S.  ii.  passim;  iii.  46,   103,  267,  354,  408,  438;  vi.  184,  233,  242,  290,  329; 
vii.  83,  125,  146,  165,  187,  204,  265,  308,  327,  365,  423;  viii.  6,  46,  82,  185,  327.) 

THE  date  of  formation  of  the  next  regiment  (p.  76)  is  somewhat  obscure,  but  it  is  supposed 
to  have  been  raised  about  1702. 

It  has  borne  various  titles  : — 
The  33rd  Regiment  of  Foot.     1751-82. 

33rd  (or  The  1st  Yorkshire,  West  Riding)  Regiment  of  Foot.    1782-1853. 
33rd  (The  Duke  of  Wellington's)  Regiment  of  Foot.      1853-81. 
The  Duke  of  Wellington's  (West  Riding  Regiment).      1881-1920. 

In  1920  its  title  was  changed  to  "  The  Duke  of  Wellington's  Regiment  (West  Riding)." 
Colonel  Johnson's  Regiment  of  Foot. 


Colonel 

Lieutenant  Colonel 
Major 


Captains 


Captain- Lieutenant 


John  Johnson 
Lord  Primrose  (1) 
Henry  Greeme,  dead 

William  Eccleston  (2) 
Humphrey  Browne  .  . 
Robert  Sampson  (3) 

j  Henry  Clement  (4)     . 

I  Thomas  Godfery 

j  John  Ecles 

I  Thomas  Lacy 

Peter  Lafaussille 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 


Dates  of  their 
first  commissions. 


15  Dec.    1738         Captain, 


June  1727 


1  Dec.  1722 
26  June  1710 
24  April  1709 

2  April  1733 
1  Aug.  1720 

13  Aug.  1739 
22  Nov.  1739 


22  Nov.  1739         Ensign, 


Ensign,  13  Sept.  1717 

Ensign,  8  Mar.   1701 

Ensign,  7  April  1708 

Ensign,  22  Mar.   1725 
Lieutenant,    6  June  1710 

ditto  1  June  1715 

Ensign,  25  Mar.   1715 

19  Jan.    1715 


(1)  Hugh,  3rd  Viscount,  stepson  of  the  Earl  of  Stair.      Had  previously  served  in  the  Inniskilling 
Dragoons.     Died  at  Wrexham,  May  8.   1741,  aged  38. 

(2)  Maj^r,  June  7,  1741. 

(3)  Of  Hillbrook,  Co.  Dublin.     Major,  April  23,  1740  ;   Lieut.-Colonel,  June  7,  1741.     Died  1764. 

(4)  Lieut.-Colonel,  Sept.  24.  1744.   Killed  at  the  Battle  of  Fontenoy,  May  11,  1745. 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


Colonel  Johnson's  Regiment  of  Foot. 

Dates  of  their                   Dates  of  their 
present  commissions.       first  commissions. 

r  Thomas  Bate 

.  .      16 

Feb. 

1715 

Ensign, 

8 

July 

1711 

John  Longfield 

.  .      30 

Aug. 

1723 

Ensign, 

31 

Julv 

1719 

Thomas  Wood 

.  .      26 

Jan. 

1725 

Ensign  , 

1 

April 

1708 

i  Adam  Usher 

.  .      30 

April 

1728 

Ensign 

1 

June 

1712 

Lieutenants                          '  Robert  Ecles  .  .           i. 
John  Caulfield 

3 

.  .      25 

Feb. 
July 

1728 
1731 

Ensign, 
Lieutenant, 

15 
25 

Aug. 
July 

1722 
1731 

Bandle  Jones 

9 

Jan. 

1712 

Ensign, 

1 

April 

1705 

David  Roberts  (5) 

.  .       13 

May 

1735 

Ensign, 

1 

Dec. 

1722 

|  Peter  Daulhat  (6) 

.  .       13 

Aug. 

1739 

Ensign, 

1 

April 

1724 

iDigby  Berkeley  (7)    .  . 

22 

Nov. 

1739 

Ensign, 

29 

Mar. 

1726 

(  Arundel  Strangway    .  . 

.  .      23 

Aug. 

1712 

Lucass  Savage 

.  .       16 

June 

1727 

John  Penyfather 

6 

Nov. 

1729 

George  Campbel 

.  .       11 

Sept, 

1730 

Ensigns.  .          .  .           .  .    <  Richard  Borrough 

4 

April 

1734 

John  Browne 

6 

Mar. 

1707 

Alexander  Maxwell    .  . 

.  .       13 

May 

1735 

William  Dundass 

..       13 

Aug. 

1739 

Henry  Greeme 

22 

Nov. 

1739 

(5)  Died  in   1740. 

(6)  Captain,  Sept.  12,  1745  ;    Major,  Sept.  1,  1756.     Died  in  1758. 

(7)  Major,  June  11,  1753.     Captain  of  an  Invalid  Company  at  Sheerness,  Dec.  8,  1756. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Colonel. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 
(See  ante,  pp.   127,  323,  364.) 
IV. — THE  SHIRWYN  FAMILY. 

THOMAS  SHIBWYN,  glassyer  ('  Freemen  of 
York,'  Surtees  Soc.).— Free  of  the  city  1473. 
An  account  of  this  artist  presents  consider- 
able difficulties,  for  though  Thomas  Shirwyn's 
name  is  entered  in  the  Freemen's  Roll  for  the 
year  1473,  a  Thomas  Shirwyn  died  in  1481 
and  it  is  difficult  to  determine  whether  these 
were  one  and  the  same  person  or  two  separate 
individuals,  probably  father  and  son.  It 
is  difficult  even  to  say  which  of  these  alterna- 
tives is  the  more  likely.  We  can  only  sup- 
pose that  the  Thomas  Shirwyn  free  in  1473 
was  identical  with  the  Thomas  Shirwyn  who 
made  the  will  in  1481  under  the  supposition 
that  for  some  reason  or  other  he  did  not  take 
up  his  freedom  until  he  was  forty  or  more 
years  of  age,  for  he  left  a  son  Matthew  old 
enough  to  take  over  the  business.  On  the 
other  hand,  he  cannot  have  been  a  very 
old  man  at  the  time  of  his  death,  for  in  his 
will  he  mentions  his  mother,  Alice,  as  being 
still  alive.  But  if  we  suppose  the  Shirwyn 
who  took  up  his  freedom  in  1473  and  the  one 
who  died  in  1481  were  the  same,  it  would  have 
to  be  explained  how  a  man  who  had  been  less 
than  eight  years  in  business  had  managed 
to  acquire  in  so  short  a  time  an  amount  of 
property  and  articles  of  luxury  such  as  could 
only  belong  to  a  man  of  comparative  wealth. 


If,  again,  the  Thomas  Shirwyn  free  in  1473 
(at  which  time  he  would  be  twenty -one  years 
of  age)  was  the  son  of  the  Shirwyn  of 
the  will,  he  would  be  born  in  1452,  his 
father  about  1431,  and  his  grandmother, 
Alice,  say,  in  1411,  so  that  in  1481,  when  the 
will  was  made,  at  which  time  she  was  still 
alive,  she  would  be  aged  seventy  or  more. 
But  there  is  no  mention  of  a  Thomas  in 
the  will,  though  he  may  have  died  between 
the  year  in  which  he  was  free  and  that  in 
which  his  father  made  his  will,  leaving  the 
business  to  a  son  named  Matthew,  who  had 
evidently  been  trained  to  take  it  over. 
Moreover,  according  to  the  above  reckoning 
the  elder  Shirwyn  would  have  been  32  years 
of  age  in  1463  and,  we  must  presume,  a  master 
glass-painter  ;  yet  his  name  does  not  appear 
amongst  those  of  the  eight  glass -painters  to 
whom  ordinances  were  granted  in  that  year. 

In  1471  a  Thomas  Shirwyn  was  working 
at  the  Minster,  probably  as  a  workman  or 
partner  of  Matthew  Petty,  who,  with  others, 
was  doing  the  armorial  glass  in  the  great 
tower.  He  is  also  mentioned  in  the  Fabric 
Roll  of  the  following  year,  and  was  probably 
the  Thomas  Shirwyn  who  was  free  in  1473 
and  also  identical  with  Thomas  Shirwyn 
who  was  a  witness  to  the  will  of  Matthew 
Petty  in  1478.  The  fact  that  the  son  of  the 
Thomas  Shirwyn  of  the  will  was  also  called 
Matthew  seems  to  point  to  the  fact  that 
all  these  were  one  and  the  same,  in  which 


12  s.  VIIL  MAY  2i,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


case  he  had  probably  named  his  son  after  glass  "  (tabulas  Anglicanas  de  glasse).  He 
his  old  master.  In  this  case,  as  previously  made  his  wife  Sibel  his  executrix  and  residu- 
stated,  he  must  have  delayed  taking  up  his  j  ary  legatee,  and  "  Mr.^  Henry  Shirwyn," 
freedom  until  long  after  he  had  attained  his  j  whose  relationship  to  the  testator  is  not 
majority.  The  Thomas  Shirwyn  who  died  stated,  supervisor.  Witnesses,  his  workman, 
in  1481  made  his  will  (Reg.  Test.  Ebor.  v. !  Thomas  Newsom,  and  others  of  whom  nothing 
112d)  on  October  2  of  that  year,  describing!  is  known.  Will  proved  Oct.  15,  1481. 
himself  as  citizen  and  glazier  of  York  and  JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

desiring  "to  be  buried  in  my  parish  church  

of    St.    Helen    in    Stanegate."     After    the 

usual  bequests  to  the  rector,  chaplains,  &c.,  i  pETTY  FRANCE.— On  July  23,  1920, 
he  left  3s.  Id.  to  the  fabric  of  the  church,  and  |  York  Street,  Westminster,  was  officially 
"also  to  the  making  of  a  new  chalice  Gs.  To  restored  to  its  original  name  of  Petty 
Alice,  his  mother,  3s.  4d.  "  Also  to  the  Lady  France,  although  its  actual  translation 
Katharine,  my  sister  2s.  This  sister  must  did  not  take  lace  until  many  months  later. 
have  married  a  member  of  the  nobility,  and  yet>  so  far  a£  j  know,  neither  bouquets 
the  fact  is  noteworthy  as  showing  consider-  nor  medais  have  been  showered  upon  the 
able  light  on  the  social  status  of  a  master  London  County  Council  by  grateful  an- 
glass-painter  in  medieval  times.  tiquaries,  although  I  believe  this  to  be  the 

To  Cecilia  my  sister  12*.     Also  to  Joan  Bukler,    first    i^ance     (I    write    under    immediate 
^^£*o^  ^^s^Zfi^,   correction)    when,    instead    of    wresting    a 
my    best    gown  except    my  'mortuary,  my  best    hallowed  name  to  unimportant  modernity, 
double  cloak,  my  bow  and  arrows,  a  headpiece,    the    L.C.C.    has     returned    a    street    to    its 
with  my  sword  and  a  buckler.     Also  I  bequeath   original  and  historic  title, 
to  the  said  Matthew  my  son,  24  shafe  [i.e.,  sheets]         «  p  f  f  •     ffraiir,™  "  rnri  frr\rr,  Tnt Viil  Strp^t 
of  glasse  of  which  number,  two  are  of  ruby,  with    ,  Bt>™?  ttraunfe    .  ran  from  lutJ 

all  my  instruments  belonging  to  my  art.  Also  by  St.  Margarets,  into  James  Street.  Its 
I  bequeath  to  the  parish  church  of  Crake  [Crayke  name  was  first  .  changed  when  Frederick 
near  Easingwold,  which  church  had  no  doubt  Duke  of  York,  one  of  the  sons  of  our  German 
proved  a  good  customer]  6d.  Also  to  the  high  king  George  the  Second,  lodged  there  for 
altar  of  the  house  of  nuns  at  Molseby  12d  ^  monthg  Before  then  ^  street> 

Godwin,  in  his  alphabetical  list  of  mona-  «a  good  handsome  Street  which  cometh 
stories  in  The  Archaeologists  Handbooks,  out  of  Tuthil-Street,  and  runneth  into 
says  Molesby  was  a  Benedictine  nunnery  in  james's-Street,"*  was  called  Petty  France. 
Yorkshire  founded  by  Henry  II  before  1167.  We  are  mstmcted,  somewhat  vaguely,  that 

.is    not,  however,  given   in   the 'index   to   the  name  was  given  to  this  narrowed  locality 
abridged    Dugdale,    nor    in    Bartholomews    "  from  the  number  of  French  refugees  and 

Gazetteer     so   is  probably  now  extinct    or   merchants  who  inhabited  it ,"|     Presumably 
known  by  another  name. *  Besant    is    referring    to    the    exodus    from 

To  Thomas  Newsom  ^ —evidently  the  Fmnce  to  England  after  the  revocation 
Thomas  Newsom  free  in  1470  and  the  third  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1685.  Canoil 
generation  of  a  family  of  journeymen  glass-  Westlake,  thinks  that  the  ori  in  of  the 
painters;  his  father  John  Newsom  learnt  name  ig  far  earli  possibly  a|Out  1535. 

KV?^Wlth,  Th°nms  Shirley  (free  1439  But  he  doeg  not  ££  his  reasons  for  so 
died  1458)  and  his  grandfather,  also  called  thinking 

John,  was  free  of  the  city  in  1418  and  a  John  Milton— magnificent  as  poet  and 
witness  to  the  will  of  John  Chamber  the  detestable  as  politician— lived  there  from 
elder  in  1437—  two  English  tables  f  of  1651_2  until  ^  1660.  One  of  his  secre- 

*  The  writer   is   indebted  to   the   Rev.    Canon  taries    who     lived     there     with     him    was 

r'<»\vler  for  kindly  supplying  him  with  the  above  Andrew    Marvell.     We    have    letters    from 

information.  "  the    pretty    garden    house,"    which    was 

-  ,U  '''prSt  ot^to^ci^  ^iHM  notf  ^^d  until  1877.     William  Hariitt 

or  Hashed  sheet  nowadays  known  as  "  crown  "  rented  the   house   for   some   years,   because 

with  a  "  punty  "  mark  or  knob  of  glass  in  the  it  had  been  Milton's  ;    and  in  1868  William 

middle.     In  Randal  Holme's  time  (1688)  a  table  Howitt  tells  us  there  was  still  a  stone  there 

was  "  a  broad  peece  of  glass  neere  a  yard,  some 

more,  square.      11  is  also  called  a  Tablet."  but  in  *  Stow — Strype,  '  Survey  of  London.' 

the  fifteenth  century  it  would  not  measure  more  f  Sir  Walter  Besant, '  The  Fascination  of  London.' 

than  a  sheet  of  modern  "  antique  "  glass,  which  j  Canon  H.  E.  Westlake. '  The  Story  of  English 

averages  approximately  24 x  15  inches.  Towns:    Westminster.' 


408  ,  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2S.Vin.MAY*i,i«2i. 


which  bore  this    inscription  : — "  Sacred  to 
Milton,     the     Prince     of     Poets."     Jeremy 


recorded    some    payments    made    to    him, 
especially    during    1617-18,    when    he    was 


Bentham's  garden  touched  the  garden  attached  to  the  household  of  "  Illus0  Signore 
which  once  was  Milton's,  and  the  grounds!  Gou*."  In  whatever  coin  Bartolini  was 
of  both  are  now  covered  by  Queen  Anne's;  paid  he  gives  the  equivalent  in  lire,  and 
Mansions,  which,  at  the  time  they  were  |  perhaps  the  following  points  may  be  of 
built,  were  more  individually  known  as|  use  to  those  who  are  interested"  in  the 
"  Hankey's  Folly."  i  currency  exchange  of  that  period. 

The    almshouses   of   Cornelius   Van   Dun       in    Urbino,    1618,    a    zecchino    (Venetian 
were  in  Petty  France.  sequin)=12    lire,  and   a   doppia   di   spagna 

Cornelius    Vandon    was     born    at    Breda     in    (?  Spanish  doubloon) — 2H  lire. 
Brabant,   Yeoman   of   the    Guard   and    Usher   to 


their    Majesties    Henry    8th,   King  Edward    6th, 
Queen  Marie,  and  Queen  Elizabeth.     He  did  give 


In  Padua,  1620,  a  quarter  of  a  Venetian 
ducat— 2.2    lire.     The    other    Italian    coins 


8  almshouses  in  Pettie  France  next  to  the  end  mentioned  are  the  grosso  and  the  soldo. 

of  James   Street,   for  the  use  of    8  poor  women!  •Rmjv  TT'Tw^nw^i? 

of     the    Parish.      He    did     also     give     8     other 

Almshouses    near    St.    Ennin's    Hill    by    Tuttle 

side,  for  the  use  of  Spoor  widows  of  this  Parish.  THE    NEW    THEATRE,     HAMMERSMITH.— 

Sir  John  Moore  was  also  a  householder  :  The  vexed  question    of    the    site    of    this 

I  should  be  grateful  to  be  told  at  what  date,  theatre  exercised  the  mind  of  that  eminent 

I  long  to  step  into  James  Street  (which  London  antiquary  and  historian,  the  late 

has    been    foolishly    renamed    Buckingham  Mr-   E-   Walford,    F.S.A.,    who    wrote    to 

Gate),  to    which    so     many    historic    and  the  Editor  of  <  N.  &  Q.,'  and  whose  letter 

literary  links  are  attached.  will  be  found  in  8  S.  x.  29. 

Mentioning    James    Street    reminds    me  Mr    Walford  stated  that  he  had  several 

that  when  I  wrote   (12   S.    viii.    243,     333)  playbills  relating  to  this  theatre,  and  on 

about  James  Street,  Westminster,  I  forgot  onf  was  an  aPPeal  to  the  Pubhc  for  better 

to  give  the  proof  as  to  why  it  was    James  patronage. 

Strlet,  and  not  St.  James's  Street.     MR.   S.  The  idea  that  a  theatre  could  have  been 

BUTTERWORTH  equally  forgot   to    give    the  erected  m  what  was  then  (1785)  a  suburban 

proof,  which  is  this:-  Vlllage    of    about    5,000    inhabitants    the 

r  T                                              ,      fj_  greater  number  of  whom  were  employed 

James  Street  was  named  after  our  first  f     brickmaking,  gardening,  and  farming, 

English  Stuart  king  James  the  First,  who  geems  to  me  ^  »{  the      festion. 

(whether  liked  or  not  by  succeeding  genera-  j  am  of       inion  that  a  large  room  was 

tions)  was  certainly  no  saint      The  street,  rented  in   /hich   the      }         ^ere   acted 

which    ran    from    Arlington    House    on  its  guch         room    gtood    ^    a    few      ears 

interrupted  way  to  the  river    was  named  gince      adjoining      the      Windsor      Castle 

after    the    king    from    gratitude    for    what  T                -^        ^       t    and              uged    for 

he  had  done  to  help  the  silk-weaving  trade  ,    purposeg 

in  Spitalfields  and  elsewhere.      He  bought  "   MorPeovF       f  have  searched  the  Church 

up   acres   of   the   ground  behind   Arlington  Rate     B      fe     fop     thftt     and      8ucoeeding 

House  (not   wholly   covered   by  the  Royal  years?  and  do  not  find  a  theatre  mentioned, 

gardens   of   to-day),    which   stands   behind  £         '  he     name     of     Mr      Waldron,     17, 

Buckingham    Palace,    and    packed    it    with  Dorvilie's  Row 

mulbBrry  trees      One   sees  the   anticipated  -j      1?93   ft  &u           for  ratin      purposes 

sequence.       Mulberry    leaves  :     silkworms  :  made  of  aR  tjbe^fopertieB  ^  Hammer- 

silk  :     prosperous  English  weavers.     So  the  fe      here         £  I  ^  to  find  ft  theatre 

roughly  cobbled  new  road  which  ran  from  menti'oned?  excepting  the  private  theatre 

those  grounds  towards  the  river  was  natur-  Margravine  of  Anspach. 

ally  called  James  Street.                 M.  E.  W.  .       ,                                       , 

The  first  public  theatre  to  be  erected 

ITALIAN    EXCHANGE    IN    EARLY    SEVEN-  in   Hammersmith   was   that   now    known 

TEENTH  CENTURY.— 1   have   a   copy  of  the  as  the  Lyric  ;    some  years  afterwards,-  by 

<MedicmaJoannisFernelii,'Ambiani:  Venice,  the  enterprise  of  the  present  owner  and 

1555.  From  1574  to  1620  at  least  its  owner  was  manager,  Mr.   J.   Mulholland,   the  Kings 

Vittorio  Bartolini  of  Urbino,  who  practised  Theatre,  Hammersmith  Road,  was  ereci 
medicine    in     Urbino    or    Padua,    possibly        It    is    gratifying    to    an    old  inhabitant 

in    both    cities.     On   the    fly -leaves    he    has  to    know    that    both    these    theatres     are 


12  s. vm.  MAI  21,1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


under  such  capable  managers,  who  can 
gauge  the  public  taste,  and  do  not  fail 
to  present  the  masterpieces  of  both 
ancient  and  modern  playwrights  and 
thereby  create  splendid  records. 

S.  MARTIN,  Churchwarden, 

St.  Paul's,  Hammersmith. 
85,  Wendell  Road,  W.I 2. 

EPITAPH    IN  LOWESTOFT  CHURCHYARD. — 

The  body  of  j 

LEWIS  WEBB,  Schoolmaster ;  |  Like  the  cover 
of  an  old  Book,  J  its  Contents  worn  out  and  stript  | 
of  its  Lettering  and  Gilding,  |  Lies  here  Food  for 


the  Worms.  (  Yet  the  Work  shall  not  be  lost  |  For 
it  shall  (as  he  believed)  |  appear  once  more  in  a 
new  |  and  most  beautiful  Edition  |  Corrected  and 
revised  |  By  the  AUTHOR.  |  The  loving  Husband 
of  |  JUDITH  WEBB  [  who  died  29th  March,  1790  | 
Aged  58  years.  Also  three  of  their  children. 

J.  HARVEY  BLOOM. 

EPITAPH  IN  BENSON  CHURCH,  OXON. — 
A  very  quaint  and  curiously  worded  epitaph 
may  be  seen  in  this  church  on  the  south 
aisle  wall  at  the  west  end  and  close  to  the 
font.  The  inscription,  on  a  black  slate 
tablet  with  a  stone  background,  runs  thus  : — 


M  :  S  : 

To  the  pious  memory 
of  Ralph  Quelche  &  Jane  his  wife 

Who  slept    ")  ,  (  Bed  by  ye  space  of  40  veares 

Now  sleepe  J  togeath       a  (  Grave  till  Ct  shall  awaken  them 

")    fell  asleepe  Ano  Dni  )    1629  C  being  aged  7    63    C  yeares 

.  ...     7   Labours  ")    ,,       ,  ,,    C  ye  new  Inn  twice  built  at  their  own  chard 
For  ye  fruit  of  their  j  -  Bodieg      j  they  left  [  >one  omy  son  and  two  daughters 


He 

Shee 


their  son  being  liberally  bred  in  ye  university  of  Oxon 
thought  himself  bound  to  erect  this  small  monument 


of  }  »*  {  Piety  towa^s} 


Bedford. 


L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 


P"  WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  [in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  BEADS  OF  CASTLEDOWNE." — In  MR. 
KNOWLES'S  interesting  article  (ante,  p.  323) 
on  the  Inglish  Family,  Glass -Painters  of 
York,  there  was  a  bequest  of  Robert  Preston 
in  1503  (p.  324)  which  interested  me 
much  : — "  one  par  of  baydes  of  castledowne, 
the  nowmbre  of  X,  w*  one  lase  of  grene 
sylke." 

The  use  of  "  pair,"  for  a  set  consisting  of 
any  number  first  attracted  my  attention, 
the  special  importance  of  the  quotation 
consisting  in  the  circumstance  of  the  number 
of  the  set,  ten,  being  specified.  But  I  have 
failed  to  discover  the  provenance  of  "  beads 
of  castle  down,"  which  I  suppose  is  a  place, 
and  shall  be  glad  to  be  enlightened  by  MR. 
KNOWLES  or  any  other  reader  of  « X.  &  Q.' 

JOHN    R.  MACKATH. 


TIMOTHY  CONSTABLE. — I  am  anxious  to 
trace  the  parentage  of  Timothy  Constable, 
who,  it  is  thought,  nailed  from  Northallerton, 
Yorks. 

His  marriage  certificate  reads  as  follows : — 

In  the  parish  of  St.  James,  Westminster, 
January,  1736/7. 

Wed.  13.— Timothy  Constable  of  Bradfield, 
in  ye  County  of  Suffolk,  and  Eliz.  Hunting  of 
this  p.  L.A.B.C. 

JOHN  J.  DOUGLAS,  Curate. 
CLIFFORD  C.  WOOLARD. 
68,  St.  Michael's  Road,  Aldershot. 

VISCOUNT  STAFFORD,  1680. —  I  shall  be 
glad  to  be  informed  of  the  Christian  name 
of  Howard  Viscount  Stafford,  who  was 
beheaded  in  the  Titus  Gates  Plot  in  1680  ; 
also  the  names  of  all  his  children  ;  where 
his  country  residence  was  situated  ;  and  a 
description  of  the  coat  of  arms.  Accord- 
ing to  the  Peerage  of  1811  the  title  was 
restored  in  1685,  but  I  believe  again  became 
extinct  a  few  years  afterwards. 

L.  H.   CHAMBERS. 
Bedford. 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  VILIFY  21, 1921. 


CLUB  MEMBERSHIP  LONGEVITY. — The  Hon. } 
Edwin  Berkeley  Portman,  who  died  on  April  j 
27,  1921,  had  been  a  member  of  the  United  • 
University  Club  since  March  7,  1850,  i.e.,\ 
for  full  70  years.  Does  this  not  constitute  a  | 
record  ?  ARTHUR  DENMAN,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

A     RELIC     OF     NAPOLEON. — The     senior 
officer   of  Sir   Hudson  Lowe's    Staff   at    St. 
Helena,  having  special  charge  of  the  person 
of  the  Emperor  Napoleon,  was  Col.  Thomas ! 
Lyster,who  was  recalled  for  having  challenged 
General  Bertrand  to  a  duel.       He  was  pre- 
sented by  Napoleon  with  a  silver  coffee-urn, 
engraved    with    the    Imperial    Eagle    and 
crowned  N.     I  was  informed  some  years  ago 
by    the   late   Mr.    Alfred    Cha worth   Lyster ! 
(father  of  Dr.  Cecil  R.  C.  Lyster)  that  this  j 
urn  had  been  in  possession  of  "Mr.  John 
Hardman,  late  of  the  Home  Civil  Service, : 
Somerset   House,' l   whose   father  had   been  j 
given    it    by    Col.    Lyster.      Could    anyone! 
give  information  as  to  the  present   where-  j 
abouts  of  this  interesting  relic  ? 

H.  L.  L.  D. 

MR.     GORDON,     PHILANTHROPIST,     NEAR  | 
BLACKHEATH. — In   Elliott's   Memoir   of   the  • 
5th  Earl    of    Aberdeen  it  is  noted  that   in  j 
1861    the    Earl     got     into    communication  j 
with    "  Mr.    Gordon,   a   gentleman   resident 
near  Blackheath,  who  devotes  much  of  his  | 
time  to  visiting  the  poor  and  superintending ' 
the  ragged  schools  in  that  neighbourhood." 
Who  was  this  Mr.   Gordon  ?     But  for  the 
date     I     should     have     said    that     it     was 
"  Chinese "    Gordon,   but   at   that   time   he 
was  in  China.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

DR.     ARNDELL,     HOBART. — Dr.     Arndell  j 
went  out  to  Van  Diemen's  Land  (in  1814  ?) '. 
with     James     Gordon,     who     married     his ! 
daughter,  and  after  whom  the  Gordon  river  j 
was  named,  Gordon  having  lent  the  whale- 
boat  in  which  Capt.   James  Kelly  circum- ! 
navigated      Tasmania.        Arndell      became ! 
Naval  officer  of  the  Colony.     What  is  known 
of  his  English  origins  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 


ENGRAVING  or  OLD  SOLDIER. — I  have^in 
my  collection  an  old  steel  engraving  very 
crude  in  drawing.  It  is  Sin.  square 
(C.  Mosley  Sculp.)  with  initials  J.  W.  in 
flowing  script.  Under  the  engraving  is 
written  : — "  The  Old  Soldier  remarkable 
for  constant  attendance  at  St.  Paul's  ; 
done  from  an  original  painting."  The 
background  is  a  view%  in  very  poor  per- 
spective, of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard.  Can 
any  reader  inform  me  as  to  the  name  of  the 
artist,  and  where  is  the  "  original  painting"  ? 
And  is  there  any  record  as  to  who  the 
"  Old  Soldier  "  was  ?  The  uniform  is  some- 
what on  the  lines  of  the  Greenwich  pen- 
sioners. NAHUM  BARNET. 

Melbourne,  Australia. 

POEM  WANTED. — I  should  be  glad  if 
any  reader  could  give  me  a  copy  of  a  poem 
entitled  '  Teares  for  the  neuer  sufficientlie 
bewailed  death  of  the  late  right  honourable 
and  most  worthie  of  all  honourable  titles 
Alexander,  Earle  of  Dumfermeling,  Lord 
Fyuie  and  Vrquhart,  late  Lord  Chancellar 
of  Scotland,'  also  the  name  of  the  author. 

The  following,  I  believe,  is  the  second 
or  third  verse  of  the  Lament : — 

Come   all    Wrong' d    Orphanes,  come   bewaile 
your  syre, 

Who  did  of  late  (but  yet  too  soone)  expyre, 

CeBft«    woefull    widowes,    come    you,    weepe 
you  fast, 

Your  anchor,  and  your  hope,  your  helpe  is 
past. 

The  poem  is  dedicated  to  "  Dame  Beatrice 
Ruthven,  Ladie  Coldenknowes,"  daughter 
of  the  first  Earl  of  Gowrie. 

JAMES    SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

PROFESSIONAL  GENEALOGIST.  --  Would 
you  allow  me  to  ask  what  constitutes  a 
professional  genealogist  ?  Is  there  any 
examination  or  other  qualification  for  the 
"  professional  "  character,  or  is  it  merely 
a  phrase  ?  I  have  always  been  under  the 
impression  that  the  officials  of  the  Heralds' 
College  were  the  only  professional  genealo- 
gists ?  I  note,  however,  that  some  other 
people  style  themselves  so. 

AN  AMATEUR  GENEALOGIST. 


JOHN  AXFOBD  was  author  of  a  work  called  LIGHTFOOT. — May  I  ask  that  some  reader 
'  Hidden  Things  Brought  to  Light,'  the ;  who  has  access  to  Hotton's  '  Emigrants  to 
fourth  edition  of  which  (probably  a  reprint)  j  America  '  will  inform  me  if  the  names  of 
was  printed  by  John  White,  of  Newcastle-  j  Philip  or  John  Lightfoot  occur  in  it  as 
upon-Tyne,  between  1711  and  1761,  in  a  emigrants,  between  1750  and  1790,  and  any 
12mo  of  24  pages.  What  more  is  known  I  references  to  them  it  may  contain, 
of  him  ?  J.  W.  F.  J.  W.  LIGHTFOOT,  Major. 


12  s. VIIL  MAY  21,  i92i.i      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  411 


PUSHKIN  AND  DANTE. — In  Pushkin's  '  Piko-  by    tormenting    them    with    the    venomous 

vaya  Dama'  (The  Queen  of  Spades),  which  chilopods,  as  is  said  to  have  been  a  usage 

was  written  in  1834,  he  quotes  very  appositely  with     the     Mahomedan     pirates     of     India 

'Paradiso,'    xvii.    58-60.      Pushkin  possibly  ('HViaggio  oriental!  del  Padre  F.  Vincenzo 

read   the    'Paradise'    in   the   French  prose  Maria,'    Venetia,    1683,  p.  420). 

translation  of  Artaud  de  Montor,  a  second  Is  there  any  other  people  who  hold  the 

edition  of  which  had  appeared  at  Paris  four  centipede  as  sacred  or  auspicious  ? 

years   previously.       A   comparison    of    the  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Russian  text  withMontor's  translation  tends  Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan, 
to  confirm  this  supposition. 

This  is  the  earliest  reference  to  Dante  that  CLEMENTINA         JOHANNES         SOBIESKY 
I  have  found  in  Russian  literature.     Can  any .  DOUGLASS.— In    the    churchyard    of    Fins- 
reader,  perhaps,  help  me  to  put  the   date  thwaite,  near  the  southern  end  of  Winder- 
farther  back  ?  mere,    there   is    a    modern   cross   with   the 
HUXLEY  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS.  following  inscription  :— 

In   memoriam   Clementina   Johannes   Sobiesky 

JAPANESE     ARTISTS. — Can     anyone      give  Douglass,  of  Waterside,  buried  16th  day  of  May 

me    particulars    of    two    Japanese    artists,  1771      Behold  thy  King  cometh. 

P.  Maruyama  and  Chionin  Kioto.  Who  was  she  ?                                W.  B.  S. 

M.   HAMILTON  SCOTT.  [This    question   was    discussed  at   8  S.   ix.   66. 

(-<„ .              r.     ,                  rp            m     i       t  ~r  •   v*  HO,  157,  without  much  result.    The  letter  at  the 

CHARLES  SIMPSON —Town  Clerk  of  Lich-  gec^  d   ^fepence  is   from   the      en    of    Andrew 

held    and    friend    of    Samuel    Johnson.       I  Lang.] 
should  be  glad  to  know  the  nan^e   of  his 

wife  and  any  particulars  of  his  family.  FRANKLIN  NIGHTS  (OR  DAYS). — Therf  is  a 

G.  F.  R.  B.  curious  belief  in  Somerset  and  Devon  that 

ROYALIST   AND    ROUNDHEAD    RATES    OF  fr.°8te  are  always  experienced  on  the  nights 

PAY.— Were  the  soldiers  of  the  Cromwellian  of  Ma^  19'  fO,  and  21,  and  the  old  natives 

forces  paid  at  lower  rates  than  those  serving  term  these  days      Franklin  days      or  refer 

in  the  Royalist  army  ?     Many  of  the  former  t(?  _  th»,  fr?fts    as    conung    on        Franklin 

seem   to   have   been   undesirables   and   ap-  ™Chte\       9,an  any  reader  lnform  me  wh>' 

parently  were  not  treated  too  well,  judging  w3',  m 

from  a  report  by  Colonel  Norton,  who  was  /he  legend  attaching  to  tins  brief  season 

Governor  of  Portsmouth  in   1644-5,  and  a  gf    ^    year    is    well    known^     May    19    is 

close  friend  of  Cromwell's.     Norton  writes  SJ-     Dunstan  s     Day.     As     Dunstan    must 

with  regard  to  his  garrison  :—  al^s  be  °™.  of  the  1Jlost  prominent  figures 

Truly,  I  have  not   a   pennv  to   pay  them   on  m  Somerset  history-he  was  born,  probably, 

Monday  seven  night  and  if  I  am  not  supplied  at      Baltonsborough — the     natives     of     the 

by  the  exciseman  I  am  sure  they  will  all  mutiny  county   are  interested  in  the   story  that  it 

here  for  I  am  confident  there  is  not  a  more  dis-  was  he  who  persuaded  the  Devil  to  blight 

orderly  soldiery  in  England.  the    apple-trees    and    stop    the    production 

*  •  CROOKS.  Of  cider,  the  Saint,  it  is    alleged,  being  a 

THE  CENTIPEDE. — In  Japan  the  centipede  great  brewer  of  beer.     Of  course  the  asser- 

is  held  to  be  sacred  to  Bishamon   (Sansk.  tion  has  been  denied. 

Vaisravana),  the  Buddhist  god  of  fortunes,  A  Bristol  brewer  is  also  stated  to  have 

and   his   worshippers   consider   it   especially  sold  his  soul  to  the  Evil  One  on  the  latter 

auspicious  when  a  white  centipede  is  caught  promising  to  spoil  the  apple -crop  by  sending 

on   Mt.    Kurama   where   his   temple   stands  three  or  more  frosts  from  the  18th  to  the 

(Tanikawa,  •'  Kyosetsu  Dan,'  written  in  the  23rd  of   May   in   each   year.     There     is   no 

eighteenth  century).     However,  no  mention  doubt  that,  generally,  a  few  frosty    nights 

of  this  association  occurs  in  any  authentic  trouble  us  about  this  period  of  the  month 

Buddhist    writing    of    India.     In    China    of  of    May.     Some    attribute    the    cold    winds 

old  there  was  a  belief  in  the  devilish  centi-  and  frost  about  the  middle  of   May  to  the 

pede,  that,  if  it  took  up  its  abode  with  any  melting  of  Arctic  ice  and  the  Gulf  Stream 

man,    great    wealth    would    accrue    to    the  being  considerably  cooled  in  consequence, 
household  (Li  Shi-Chin,  '  System  of  Materia j      The    French,    too,     have    a    saying  that 

Medica,'     1578,    tome    xlii).      Such    super-  *;  In   the  middle  of  May  comes  the  tail  of 

stition  perhaps  had  arisen  from  the  brutal  \  winter."                  W.  G.  WILLIS  WATSON. 

practice  of  wringing  ransom  from  prisoners  Single's  Lodge,  Pinhoe. 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


12  S.VII1.  MAY  21,  1921. 


&epltesu 

NAPOLEON  AND   LONDON. 

(12  S.  viii.  369.) 

I   CANNOT   think   that    any  useful    purpose  j 
would  be  served  by  re-opening  the  question ! 
of  whether  Napoleon  was  ever  in  London,  j 
From  the  time  when  the  question  was  first ! 
mooted  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  Aug.   12,   1865,  it; 
has  cropped  up  from  time  to  time  like  many 
other  "  hardy  annuals,"  but  more  particularly] 
in    the   winter    of    1910.     Lord    Rosebery's ! 
reply  to  Mr.  Landfear  Lucas,  in  which  his 
Lordship    said  'k  I  cannot  conceive  any  one 
giving  the  slightest  credit  to  it,"  was  printed 
in   The  Daily   Telegraph  of  Dec.   24,    1910.  i 
In  its  issue  for  the  30th  idem  the  same  paper  ! 
printed   a    long    letter    of   mine — in   which  j 
I  endeavoured  to  trace  the  genesis  of  the  j 
story — and  they  devoted  a  leading  article  j 
to      the      subject.     More      correspondence  i 
followed  in  The  Standard  in  January,  1911, 
including  letters  from  such  eminent  autho- 1 
rities  as  Mr.  John  Burns,  Oscar  Browning,  j 
Louis  Cohen,   Clement   Shorter,   and  many  | 
others.     The  ground  was  thus  wholly  and  j 
completely     traversed     and     a     practically ! 
unanimous        conclusion       reached        that 
Napoleon    never    saw    the    English    coast, ! 
except   possibly   from   Boulogne   or   Calais,  | 
until  he  arrived  in  the  harbour  of  Plymouth 
on  July  22,  1815. 

I  do  at  least  hope  that  anyone  who  may  : 
be  contemplating  airing  any  views  on  the  \ 
subject  will,  before  so  doing,  carefully  \ 
jieruse  ths  correspondence  to  which  I  have  | 
referred.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Macmichael  in  his  '  Story  of  j 
Charing  Cross  '  (1906),  p.  100,  says  : — • 

It  is  not  generally  known  that  the  great 
Napoleon  Bonaparte  lodged  in  a  house  in  George 
Street  (Adelphi — now  York  Buildings)  which 
extends  from  Duke  Street  to  the  Embankment. 
Old  Mr.  Matthews,  the  bookseller  of  the  Strand, 
used  to  relate  that  he  remembered  the  Corsican 


at  the  Northumberland  Coffee  House,  opposite  j 
Northumberland  House ;  that  he  there  read  i 
much  and  preserved  a  provoking  taciturnity  < 
towards  the  frequenters  of  the  coffee-room ;  | 
though  his  manner  was  stern,  his  deportment 
was  that  of  a  gentleman. 

Mr.  Macmichael  quotes  as  his  authority  j 
for  this  John  Timbs's  '  Romance  of  London,'  i 
wherein  the  statement  is  to  be  found  on  j 
p.  300  of  vol.  ii. 

A    long    letter    from    Mr.     John    Burns  i 


appeared  in  The  Daily  Telegraph  of  Jan.  3, 
1911,  in  which  he  declares  that  this  visit 
was  rot  improbable. 

DE  V.  PAYEN-PAYNE. 

My  father,  the  late  Victor  de  Ternant, 
before  coming  to  England  in  1859,  was  for 
some  years  an  assistant  in  the  Imperial 
(now  called  the  National)  Library  in  Paris, 
and  had  a  very  large  share  in  the  com- 
pilation of  the  catalogues  relating  to  the 
French  Revolution  and  Napoleon.  I  re- 
member at  the  time  of  The  Standard  corre- 
spondence my  father  said  : — "  Mr.  John 
Burns  was  perfectly  correct  in  stating  that 
there  was  evidence  of  Napoleon's  visit  to 
England  with  Talma."  He  also  said  that 
in  the  year  1857  some  autograph  letters  of 
the  future  Emperor  and  actor  relating  to 
the  .  visit  were  offered  to  the  Imperial 
Library,  but  the  authorities  believed  them 
to  be  forgeries.  The  letters,  however,  were 
subsequently  submitted  to  the  Emperor 
Napoleon  III.,  who  privately  pui  chased 
the  collection,  and  the  matter  'ended  so  far 
as  the  library  was  concerned. 

During  the  London  Exhibition  year  of 
1862,  when  m^  father  was  private  secretary 
and  literary'  assistant  to  the  late  Mr.  Thomas 
Twining  of  Twickenham,  he  became  ac- 
quainted with  an  aged  lady,  a  relative  of 
Talma,  who,  like  the  great  actor,  spent  her 
childhood  days  in  London.  She  married 
an  Englishman,  a  Mr.  Clarke,  and  she  said 
she  remembered  perfectly  well,  when  a 
child,  "  Bonaparte  "  coming  to  her  father's 
house  in  Golden  Square,  Soho.  This  was 
during  the  "  Reign  of  Terror."  Napoleon 
came  to  London  with  the  object  of  obtain- 
ing an  appointment  as  a  teacher  of  French 
and  Italian  at  a  school  in  Tottenham,  but 
the  salary  offered  was  so  small  that  he 
declined  it.  He  also  made  an  application 
for  employment  to  the  East  India  Company, 
but  was  unsuccessful.  Napoleon  hurriedly 
left  London  after  a  stay  of  two  months  on 
receiving  a  letter  from  his  brother  Joseph, 
who  informed  him  that  prospects  in  French 
military  life  were  brighter.  This  was  Mrs. 
Clarke's  "  tale."  I  often  asked  my  father 
why  he  did  not  write  an  account  of  this 
episode.  His  reply  was  always  "  because 
it  is  difficult  to  make  some  people  believe 
even  the  truth."  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

WILSON'S  BUILDINGS  (11  S.  ix.  209).— 
The  drawing  by  Fraser  is  now  in  the  British 
Museum.  J.  ARDAGH. 


ias.  viii.  MAY  2i,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  413 


CHERRY  ORCHARDS  OF  KENT  (12  S.  viii.  CULVER  HOLE,  GOWER  (12  S.  viii.  370).  —  • 

211,  275,  352).  —  The  history  of  the  estab-  This  was  visited  by  the  Cambrian  Archaeo- 

lishment  of  the  Tenham  orchard  is  related  logical  Association  last  August,  and  an  en- 

in  a    scarce  pamphlet,  «  The  Husbandman's  graving    and    many    interesting   particulars 

Fruitful   Orchard,'   1609  (?  by  N.   F.).     See  are  given  at  p.  339  of  the  Journal  of  that 

Amherst's  '  History  of  Gardening  in  England,'  society.     I   can  lend  this  to  your  correspon- 

1895,  pp.  98-99.                            J.  ARDAGH.  dent   if   he   so   wishes.     There   are   also   an 

engraving     and     some     particulars     in      an 

•'  HONEST  "  EPITAPHS  (9  S.  x.  306  ;    11  S.  article    entitled    'A    Summer    Among    the 

vi.    261,    308,    377  ;     vii.    517).  —  My   friend  Dovecotes  '     in     The     English     Illustrated 

Mr.    J.    T.    Page  was   greatly  interested  in  Magazine,  vol.  x.,  p.   51. 

these  memorials.     Since  his    death   I    have  JOSEPH  C.  BRIDGE. 
noted  the  following  :  —  • 


1648.—  Tom  Coates,  All  Saints,  Wing,  Bucks.  ,             ,       ff  account  of  this  structure  in 

1706.—  Jean  Stay,  Greyabbey,  Co.  Down.  Bradley  s     Glamorgan  and  Gower,    London, 

1757.  —  Sir  Robert  Echlin,  Lusk  Ch.,  Dublin.  1908,    with   a    sketch   drawn   from   the    sea 

1780.  —  Edward  Collings,  Holne  Chyd.  showing  its   general  appearance.     It   seems 

g-.jf12'—  Edwarcl     IIall>     Castledermot     Chyd.,  to  be  a  cleft  between  the  cliffs  and  for  about 

Ul  83^-Herman  Meyer,  Dutch  Church,  Austin    70ft'  filled  in  wi*h  w^ls  of  niassive  mortared 

Friars.  masonry,  pierced  with  windows,  one  arched 

1861.  —  John  Cherry,  Tinnaclash,  Car  low.  and    two    circular.     The    rooms    are    large, 

J.  ARDAGH.        an(i  each  of  the  five  floors  is  reached  by  a 

1  stone  staircase. 

"  Zoo  "  (12  S.  viii.  368).  —  Certainly  in  a  Nothing  seems  to  be  known  locally  of  the 
diary  kept  by  a  western  county  profes-  .origin  of  the  structure,  and  the  hopelessness 
sional  man,  otherwise  full  of  abbreviations,  of  access  by  water  and  the  difficulties  by 
an  entry  of  the  date  June  29,  1834  (a  lanci  destroy  the  theory  that  the  place 
Sunday),  records  a  visit  to  the  "  Zoological  was  used  as  a  smuggler's  haunt. 
Gardens,"  the  title  being  written  at  full  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

length.  K.  S. 

OLD  NOVELS  AND  SONG-BOOKS  (12  S.  viii. 

CHURCHES  OF  ST.  MICHAEL  (12  S.  viii.  190,  36?i'~"1    *?ave    beei*    able     to     trace     the 
231,298,336).—  There  are  but  three  churches   authors    °f    two    of   the    anonymous   books 

with  this  dedication  in  Bedfordshire,  namely,  ^ven,  and  there  is  a  copy  of  each  of  these 
Farndish,  Millbrook,  and  Shefford.    Farndish  ^  the  British  Museum.     They  are  :- 

church,    a     small     building    chiefly     of    the  '  F^hf  lf\   Fanny;       or,     The    Young    Lady  s 

TTI     i      TTI      T  i.                                          j              •  •  First  Entrance  into  Life:  being  the  memoirs  ot 

Early  English  period,  is    situated  on    rising  a  little  mendicant  and  her  benefactors.'     By  the 

ground    close    to  the    borders    of   Northants  author  of  '  The  Old  English  Baron.'     London, 

and  about  two  miles  from  Irchester.  1819. 

That  at  Millbrook  occupies  a  position  on  This   is   by   Clara   Reeve   (1729-1807).      See 

the  high  ridge  above  the  village  at  the  edge  '  D.N.B.' 

of   the   greensand  hills,  upwards  of  400  feet  '  Nan  Darrell  ;   or,  The   Gipsy  Mother.'     By  the 

above     sea-level.       It      is     near     Ampthill,  author  of  •  The  Heiress,'   \*c  ,  3  vols.     London, 

amongst    the    plantations    and    game    pre-  1839- 

serves  of  the  Woburn  estate,  and  commands  This  is  by  Ellen]  Pickering   (d.  1843).     See 

a    very    picturesque    and    extensive     view  '  D.N.B.'                        ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 
across  the  plain  of  Bedford. 

In  contrast  with   Millbrook,   Shefford    is  have    a  copy    of  '.Fatherless    Fanny,' 

situated  in  a  valley,  close  to  the  little  river  published    by     J.    S.    Pratt,     dated     1847, 

Flitt,  a  tributary  of  the  Great  Ouse,  from  '  which    I    should     be    pleased    to     dispose 

which   stream   the   villages    of   Flitton   and  of-   It  does  not  give  the  author.      It    is    a 

Flitwick,  in  this  county,  derive  their  names,  small  book.                                                      L. 

It  is  also  quite  near  the  cross-roads  between  ! 

Bedford    and    Hitchin    and    Baldock    and  Mudie's  catalogue  of  1917  gives,  amongst 

Woburn,  which  was  part  of  the  old  coach  its  list  of  works  of  fiction.  '  Isola,'  by  Alice 

road  from  Cambridge  to  Oxford.  Mangold  Diehl,  in  one  volume. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Bedford.  Junior   .MlH'iuvum   Club. 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vm.MAY2i,io2i. 


EPIGRAMMATISTS     (12     S.     viii.     371). — 
(5)      Franciscus      Remundus      is      Francois 
Remond,  born  at  Dijon,  1558,  died  at  Mantua, 
Nov.  14,  1631.     He  completed  his  studies  in 
Italy,  received  the  doctorate  in  theology  at  j 
Padua,  and    entered   the    Society    of    Jesus , 
in  1580.     In  1600  he  was  appointed  director; 
of  studies  in  the  reorganized  Academy   of! 
Parma,    recalled    to    Bordeaux    in    1604    as 
professor  of    theology,    and    later    went    to  ; 
Mantua  to  teach  sacred  literature.     During 
the  siege  of  Mantua  he  attended  the  sick 
in    hospital,    caught    a    contagious    disease 
from   one   of  the  patients,   and  died   of  it. 
Fr.   Remond  had  a  reputation  as  a  writer 
of    Latin    verse     (see     Qolletet,     '  Discours 
de    la    Poesie    morale,'     pp.    34,    174-175  ; 
Vavasseur,     '  Traite     de    FEpigramme,'     p. 
260).     His  published  works  are  '  Poemata,' 
Antwerp,  1614,  12mo  ;    Rome,  1618,  12mo  ; 
'  Sacrarum  elegiarum  deliciae,'   Paris,  1648, 
12mo  ;     '  Panegyricae  orationes,  xxx.,   Pia- 
cenza,  1626,  4to  ;    Lyons,  1627,  12mo. 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

(2)  According  to  Zedler's  '  Universal  Lexi-'! 
con,'    Timotheus   Polus   came   from   Merse- 
burg,  was  professor  of  Poetry  in  the  Gym- 
nasium  at   Reval,   and   died   on   March   2, ' 
1642,   in  his  forty-third  year.     The  works  | 
ascribed  to  him  are: — (i.)     'Epigrammata, 
Hyporchemata      &      Anacreontica,      &c.'  ; 
(ii.)   '  Epigrammatica  &  miscellanea  et  sacia 
lyrica '  ;     (iii.)    '  Poemata    varia    utriusque 
linguae '  ;  and,  in  German,  (iv.)  "  Theatrum 
opificum,  artificum,  inventorum,  &c.' 

(3)  The  same  authority  says  that  Georgius 
Thurius  was  a  native  of  Griechisch  Weissen- 
burg    (under    which    disguise    the    English 
reader   is   not    prepared   to    recognize    Bel- 
grade),   studied    at   Wittenberg   under   Me- 
lanchthon,  and  is  perhaps  the  same  as  the 
G.  Thurius  who  translated  the  Epistles  to 
the  Galatians  and  Ephesians  out  of  Greek 
into     Hebrew.     The     "  Delitiae     Poetarum 
Hunga.ricorum,'   edited  by  Johann  Philipp 
Pareus  (1619),  includes,  pp.  316-354,  Thurius's 
'  Elegiarum  liber  wius,'   '  Epitaphia  Cogna- 
torum  &  Fautorum,'   and   '  Epigrammata/ 
Thurius  was  an  imperial  '  Poeta  laureatus.' 

(4)  Jacobus  Roecjrius  on  p.  16  of  Abraham 
Wright's  '  Delitiae  Delitiarum  '  is  a  "  fault  | 
of  the  press  "  for  Rogerivs.     The  name  is 
correctly  given  in  the  preliminary  "  Cata- 1 
logus    Authorum."       A.    J.    van    der    Aa's 

'  Biographisch  Woordenboek  der  Neder- 
landen'  tells  us  that  Jacobus  Roger  was 
from  Doornyk  (=Tournai)  and  flourished  in 


the  first  half  of  the  sixteenth  century. 
He  was  the  author  of  '  Neopaegnia  seu 
lusus  pueriles,'  Paris,  1539.  A  few  of  his 
poems  are  included  in  Part  III.  of  the 
'  Delitiae  Poetarum  Gallorurn,'  edited  by 
'  Ranutius  Gherus  '  (  =  Janus  Gruterus),  1609. 
The  epigram,  on  the  ignorant  rich  man 
given  there  and  by  Abraham  Wright,  p.  16, 
is  based  on  a  saying  attributed  to  Diogenes 
the  Cynic  by  Diogenes  Laertius,  vi.  2,  47. 
J.  C.  Scaliger,  in  the  sixth  book  of  his 
'  Poetice,'  praises  the  hendecasyllables  of 
Rogerius,  whom  he  supposes  to  belong 
to  Orleans. 

(5)  Franciscus  Remundus:  —  Francois 
Remond  the  Jesuit  is  probably  the  best 
known  of  the  five  writers.  He  was 
born  at  Dijon  in  1558,  and  died  (of  the 
plague,  it  is  said)  at  Mantua  in  1631.  My 
copy  of  his  '  Carmina  &  Orationes  '  was 
published  ("nova  editio  ")  at  Antwerp  in 
1623.  The  dedication  to  Louis  XI1T.  when 
Dauphin  is  dated  from  Bordeaux,  June  24r 
1605.  This  edition,  at  any  rate,  reads 
ruit  where  Wright,  p.  17,  line  5,  has  erit, 
and  prints  in  epigram,  i.  35,  crinis  format  ur 
as  against  Wright's  crines  formantur. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

CATHERINOT:  EPIGRAMMATA  (12  S.  viiL 
371).  —  There  is  a  notice  and  bibliography 
of  Nicolas  Catherine!  in  Niceron's  '  Me- 
moires,'  tome  xxx.,  pp.  191-217.  Niceron 
enumerates  118  of  his  performances,  con- 
taming  for  the  most  part  a  very  few  pages 
apiece.  The  following  entries  refer  to  the 
'  Epigrammata  '  :— 

5-  '  Epigrammatum     liber     primus.     Biturigis 


attention. 

e.  '  Ep.  lib.  secundus.  Biturigibus  1660,' 
in-  12,  pp.  20.  Catherinot  ayant  trouve  a  ce 
second  livre  quelques  fautes  d'impression,  ecrivit 


pp.  2.     Elle  est  datee  du  6e  Aout  1660. 

8.  '  Ep.  lib.  tertius.  Biturigibus  1660,'  in- 12, 
pp.  20. 

11.  '  Ep.  lib.  quartus'  (1661),  in- 12,  pp.  20. 

12.  '  Ep.  lib.  quintus,'  in- 12,  pp.  20.     La  date 

&  de  plus  puerile  que  toutes  ces  Epigrammes. 

20.   '  Ep.  liber  6,  7,  &  8/  in-4°,  pp.  63. 

David  Clement,  in  his  '  Bibliotheque 
curieuse,'  tome  vi.,  1756,  pp.  429-449, 
swells  to  181  items  his  list  of  Catherine  t's 
publications,  if  indeed  they  can  be  called 
publications  when  the  author's  way  of 
bringing  them  before  the  notice  of  the 
public  was,  according  to  the  '  Menagiana  * 


12  S.VIII.  MAY  21.  1021.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


(tome  L,  p.  181,  Amsterdam,  1713)  to  go 
along  the  quays  of  Paris  with  a  stock  of 
his  works  and  dexterously  thrust  five  or 
six  copies  among  the  old  books  exposed 
there  for  sale.  This  method,  we  are  told, 
he  continued  till  his  death,  "  pour  immor- 
talisei  son  nom."  According  to  David 
Clement,  "  Tons  les  Ecrits  de  Nicolas 
Catherinot  sont  d'une  grande  rarete." 

[•EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  eight  books^  of  Latin  epigrams 
written  by  Nicholas  Catherinot  were  pub- 
lished at  intervals  between  1660  and  1664. 
SLEUTH-HOUND  will  find  the  most  complete 
catalogue  of  the  works  of  this  inveterate 
scribbler  in  David  Clement's  '  Bibliotheque 
curieuse,'  vol.  v.,  where  they  number  182. 
In  the  '  Bibliotheque  historique  de  la 
France,'  vol.  iii.,  130  works  are  mentioned. 
A  very  good  summary  of  his  life  and  works 
and  an  account  of  his  original  method 
to  make  his  writings  known  to  the  public 
will  be  found  in  Hoefer's  '  Nouvelle  bio- 
graphie  generale  '  (1855  edit.,  vol.  ix., 
col.  192-4).  RORY  FLETCHER. 

REFERENCE  AY  ANTED  (12  S.  viii.  371). — 
The  words  of  Cicero  are  taken  from  his 
'  Orator,'  34,  120.  Sir  John  Sandys  suggests 
in  his  edition  that  as  Cicero  was  familiar 
with  Plato's  '  Timaeus '  we  may  possibly 
have  here  a  reminiscence  of  the  passage 
(22B)  in  which  the  aged  Egyptian  priest 
says  to  Solon,  "  You  Greeks  are  always 
children,"  arid,  in  reply  to  the  philosophei's 
question,  explains  his  meaning  to  be  that 
the  Greeks  are  all  young  in  their  souls, 
as  they  have  not  therein  because  of  old 
tradition  any  ancient  belief  or  piece  of 
learning  hoary  with  length  of  years. 

I  find  a  pencil-note  of  mine  against 
Cicero's  words  :  "  cf.  G.  K.  C.  on  insu- 
larity." What  and  where  is  the  parallel 
in  Mr.  Chesterton's  writings.'  It  may  have 
been  in  an  article  in  The  Daily  News. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

SIR  ROGER  DE  COVERLEY  DANCE  (12  S. 
viii.   350). — The  answer  to  SURREY'S  ques- ' 
tion  was  given  by  Steele,   when  he  wrote ; 
of  Sir  Roger,  in  the  second  number  of  The 
Spectator,     "His     Great     Grandfather    was 
Inventor    of    that    famous    Country-Dance 
which  is  called  after  him." 

In      his      '  Etymological      Dictionary     of 
Modern    English'     (1921),     Prof.     Weekley  j 
notes  that  "  Roger  of  Coverly  "  was  the  name 
of  a   seventeenth-century  tune  and   dance,  j 


and  adds  that  Fryer  associates  the  name 
with  Lancashire  and  Thoresby  with  Cal- 
verley  in  Yorkshire.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

ROBINSON  CRUSOE'S  ISLAND  (12  S.  viii. 
348). — It  is  generally  admitted  that  the 
prototype  of  Robinson  Crusoe  was  Alexander 
Selkirk,  who,  in  consequence  of  a  dispute 
with  the  captain  of  the  galley  in  which  he 
he  was  sailing,  was  put  ashore  on  one  of 
the  islands  of  the  Juan  Fernandez  group. 
A  question,  however,  arises  as  to  whether 
Defoe  was  describing  this  island  when  he 
wrote  his  famous  novel,  partly  perhaps 
because  the  Juan  Fernandez  group  is 
separated  by  leagues  of  unplumbed,  salt, 
estranging  .sea  from  any  other  land,  and 
therefore  it  would  have  been  difficult  for 
cannibals  to  reach  it.  Defoe  was  a  man 
of  wide  geographical  knowledge  and  of 
varied  interests ;  he  had  been  to  Spain 
and  had  vmtten  on  the  West  Indies  when 
he  was  comparatively  young  ;  in  his  mature 
years,  too,  the  West  Indies  must  have  had 
a  sinister  interest  for  him,  as  he  might  have 
been  sent  to  the  Plantations  if  his  political 
writings  had  displeased  the  Government. 
It  may  well  be,  then,  that  he  had  the  West 
Indies  in  mind  when  he  wrote  his  "  alle- 
gory "  as  '  Robinson  Crusoe  '  has  been  called. 
In  this  connexion  there  is  a  curious  note 
in  the  article  on  Tabago  in  Saint-Martin's 
*  Nouveau  Dictionnaire  de  Geographic 
universelle  '  (1894)  : — 

C'est  a  Tabago,  d'apres  quelques  critiques 
recent  es,  qu'aurait  vecu  le  naufrage  qui  fournit  a 
de  Foe  le  type  de  Robinson  Crusoe. 

Tabago  had  been  before  the  public  in 
William  III.'s  reign,  when  a  third  attempt 
was  made  to  colonize  it  with  Englishmen. 
But  it  is  perhaps  more  reasonable  to  assume 
that  Defoe  had  no  particular  isle  in  view, 
that  he  drew  on  his  imagination  and  exer- 
cised the  poet's  privilege  of  giving  to  airy 
nothings  "  a  local  habitation  and  a  name." 
T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

2,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 

Defoe  placed  Crusoe's  island  "  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Great  River  Oroonoque "  ; 
but  CONSTANT  READER  need  not  be  too 
hard  on  the  newspaper  which  alluded  to 
Mas-a-Tierra.  the  main  island  cf  the  Juan 
Fernandez  group,  as  "  Robinson  Crusoe's 
Island."  Alexander  Selkirk,  who  was  left 
on  Mas-a-Tierra  in  September  or  October, 
1704,  and  rescued  thence  Jan.  31,  1709, 
had  his  history  told  in  two  books  pub- 
lished in  1712.  One  was  by  his  rescuer, 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i2s.vm.MAY2i,io2i. 


Captain  Woodes  Rogers,  and  was  entitled 
'  Cruising  Voyage  Round  the  World.'  The 
other,  by  Edward  Cooke,  was  called  '  Voyage 
in  the  South  Sea  and  Round  the  World.' 
It  has  been  commonly  supposed  that, 
though  Crusoe's  island  is  not  in  the  least 
like  Mas-a-Tierra,  Selkirk's  adventures  in 
the  latter  place  inspired  Defoe's  master- 
piece, which  was  published  a  year  after 
Rogers's  book  went  into  its  second  edition. 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

"  HE  WILL  NEVER  SET  THE  SlEVE  ON  FlRE  " 

(12  S.  viii.  331,  378). — On  "He'll  never  set 
the  Thames  on  fire,"  Brewer's  *  Dictionary 
of  Phrase  and  Fable '  says  : — 

The  popular  explanation  is  that  the  word  Thames 
is  a  pun  on  the  word  temse,  a  corn-sieve  ;  and  that 
the  parallel  French  locution  He  will  never  set  the 
Seine  on  fire  is  a  pun  on  seine,  a  drag-net  ;  but 
these  solutions  are  not  tenable.  There  is  a  Latin 
saw,  Tiberim  accendere  nequaquam  potest,  which 
is  probably  the  fons  et  origo  of  other  parallel 
sayings.  Then,  long  before  our  proverb  we 
had  "  To  set  the  Rhine  on  fire  "  (Den  Rhein  an- 
zilnderi),  1630,  and  Er  hat  den  Rhein  und  das 
Meer  angez&ndet,  1580.  There  were  numerous 
similar  phrases  :  as  "  He  will  never  set  the  Liffey 
on  fire  "  ;  to  "  set  the  Trent  on  fire,"  to  "  set 
the  Humber  on  fire,"  &c.  Of  course  it  is  possible 
to  set  water  on  fire,  but  the  scope  of  the  proverb 
lies  the  other  way,  and  it  may  take  its  place 
beside  such  sayings  as  "If  the  sky  falls  we  may 
catch  larks." 

Where  is  the  "  Latin  saw  "  to  be  found  ? 
What  is  the  precise  form  of  the  "  French 
locution "  ?  I  humbly  agree  with  ST. 
S  WITHIN  at  the  last  reference,  and  Brewer, 
but  should  like  more  light  on  the  matter. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  THAMES  RUNNING  DRY  (12  S.  viii. 
332,  376). — Toone,  '  Chr.  Hist.'  i.,  pp.  31, 
94,  127,  163,  188,  305,  410,  448,  457,  says:— 
(1)  that  in  the  year  \  114  there  was  a  great 
frost  in  England,  *so  that  most  of  the 
bridges  were  broken  down  by  it,  and  the 
Thames  was  dry  for  three  days  ;  (2)  that  in 
1434  there  was  a  ten  weeks'  frost  and  that 
the  Thames  was  frozen  below  London  Bridge 
to  Gravesend;  (3)  that  in  Dec.,  1541,  there 
was  so  great  a  drought  that  small  rivers  were 
dried  up,  and  the  Thames  was  so  shallow  that 
the  salt  water  flowed  above  London  Bridge  ; 
(4)  that  on  June  29,  1550,  the  Thames 
ebbed  and  flowed  three  times  in  nine  hours 
below  the  bridge  ;  (5)  that  on  Sept.  5,  1592, 
owing  to  the  lowness  of  the  tides  and  a 
strong  westerly  wind  the  Thames  was 
almost  dry  ;  (6)  that  from  the  beginning 
of  Dec.,  1683,  to  Feb.  5,  1684,  there  was 


a  very  hard  frost,  "  insomuch  that 
coaches  ran  upon  the  Thames  from  the 
Temple  to  Westminster  in  Hillary  term, 
an  ox  was  roasted  whole,  bulls  baited, 
and  the  like  "  ;  (7)  that  on  Christmas  Day, 
1709,  it  began  to  freeze  very  hard,  and  the 
frost  lasted  with  small  remissions  about 
three  months,  during  which  the  Thames 
was  frozen  over,  and  there  were  all  manners 
of  diversion  on  the  ice  ;  (8)  similarly  in  the 
winters  of  1715-6  and  1716-7  the  Thames 
was  frozen  over  and  there  was  a  fair  with 
all  kinds  of  diversion  held  thereon. 

The  above  facts,  if  correct,  would  tend  to 
show  that  the  tidal  limit  in  1434  was  between 
Gravesend  and  Tilbury,  in  1541  and  1550 
at  London  Bridge,  and  in  1683  below  the 
Temple. 

If  that  is  so,  it  is  quite  likely  that  in 
times  of  drought  the  Thames  could  easily  be 
crossed  on  foot  at  Brentford,  Isleworth, 
and  Kingston-on-Thames,  not  to  mention 
places  higher  up,  as  late  as  the  beginning 
of  the  eighteenth  century. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

VENETIAN  WINDOW  (12  S.  viii.  347). — 
The  '  N.E.D.'  gives  quotations  for  "  Venetian 
windows,"  'called  also  "Venetians"  for 
shortness.  One  is  : — 

1842,  FRANCIS,  Diet.  Arts,  Venetian  window,  a 
window  in  three  separate  apertures,  the  two  side 
ones  being  narrow,  and  separated  from  the  centre 
by  timber  only. 

They  were  quite  capable  of  putting  such 
windows  into  churches  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  Venetian  blinds  are  composed  of 
horizontal  slats  so  fixed  on  strong  tapes  as 
to  admit  of  various  amounts  of  light  and 
air.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

The  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  '  defines 
the  so-called  Venetian  or  Palladian  window 
as  consisting  of 

a  central  light  with  semicircular  arch  over, 
carried  on  an  impost  consisting  of  a  small  en- 
tablature, under  which,  and  enclosing  two  other 
lights,  one  on  each  side,  are  pilasters. 
It  says  that  the  finest  example  of  this 
window  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Basilica  Palla- 
diana  at  Vicenza,  and  goes  on  : — • 

In  the  library  at  Venice,  Sansovino  varied  the 
design  by  substituting  columns  for  the  two  inner 
pilasters.  The  Palladian  window  was  introduced 
by  Inigo  Jones  in  the  centre  of  the  garden  front 
at  Wilton,  by  Lord  Burlington  in  the  centre  of 
the  wings  of  the  Royal  Academy,  and  good 
examples  exist  in  Holkham  House,  Norfolk,  by 
Kent,  and  in  Worcester  College,  Oxford.  There 


is  s.  viii.  MAY  21. 1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  417 


do  not  seem  to  be  any  examples  in  either  Germany,  'PERICLES'    ON  THE    STAGE     (12     S.     viii. 

France  or  Spain.  361).— This  play  was  presented   at   the  Me- 

The  Basilica  Palladiana  at  Vicenza  was  morial  Theatre,  Stratford-on-Avon,  for  the 

begun  in  1549,  but  not  finished  until  1614.  nrst    time    in    1900.     It    was    shown    three 

The  Libreria  Vecchia  at  Venice  was  begun  times,  on  April  24,  25,  and" 28  in  that  year, 

in  1536  and  finished  in  1553.  by  Sir  Frank  Benson's    company.     I  fancy 

JOHN  B.  WATNEWBIGHT.  your  correspondent  errs  in  thinking  it  was 

"  only  once   revived  during  the  nineteenth 

BOOK  BORROWERS   (12  S.   vm.   208,   253,  centurv."     From  old  playbills  in  my  collec- 

278,    296,     314,     350,     377      394)  —In    the  tion   f  feel   sure   it   ^  gven   by   various 

Leech  Book  of  Bald,    an  Anglo-baxon  Mfe.  itinerant  companies,  towards  the  end  of  the 

of  an  early  date,  now  in  the  British  Museum,  eighteenth  and  beginning  of  the  nineteenth 

there  is  a  set   of  Latin  verses,  quoted,  in  centuries.     I  cannot  give  dates  from  memory 

the  following  English  translation,  by  Mrs  nor  have  j  these  bills  at  hand>  but  could 

T</-*r»/-io     in      V»OT»     T»or>OTi'f.lf7     rMi  KliC! r»£>ri      rn~n~*lr             A  i                         ,                           i                  .  • 


Rohde  in  her  recently  published  book,   '  A 


search   and   ascertain,   when   time   permits. 


Garden   of   Herbs,'    which   is   probably   one  yy    JAGGARD,   Capt. 
of  the  earliest   of  such  inscriptions  :  — 

Bald  is  the  owner  of   this  book  which   he  TAVERN   SlGNS  :    '  QuiET  WOMAN'    (12   S. 

ordered   Cild  to  write,  viii     170      236,    276,    335,    354,    375).—  This 

of  4LPt™y               ^^  m        "^  si?*  also  occurs  at  Pershore,  about  twenty 

That  no  treacherous  person  take  this  book  miles  from  here.     A  variant  is  the   '  Good 

from  me,  Woman.'     In  each   case   the   pictorial    sign 

Neither  by  force  nor  by  theft  nor  by  any  represents  a    headless    female,  bearing    her 


As  my  dear  books  which  the  grace  of  Christ  454,    for    supposed    source    of    the    picture.) 

attends.  This    "  Epiccene  "    sign     appears    to    be    a 

C.  C.  B.  favourite  with  oilmen,  with  satiric  reference 

PICTURES  OF  COVENT  GARDEN  (12  S.  viii.  to  the  Foolish  Virgins,  lacking  oil  when  the 

348).—  The    Grace    Collection  in  the    British  Bridegroom    arrived.           Where     is      your 

Museum  should    be  consulted.     Several  old  head      ?    is  a  common  query   put  to  forget- 

pictures  of  the  Market  are  reproduced  in  my  ^  *~~  . 

book,     'The     Romance     and     History     of  *-*e   sign  is   common   on  the   Continent. 

Covent  Garden,'  published  in  1913.  At   Widford   near   Chelmsford   is      or   was, 

REGINALD  JACOBS.  some  years  aS°)   a  curious  example  of  it, 

On   the   obverse,   a   half-length  portrait    of 

ARCHBISHOP        TILLOTSON       AND        THE  King  Henry  VIII.     On  reverse,  a  headless 

LAST  SACRAMENTS  (12  S.  viii.   331,  373).  —  woman,  over  the  legend,  Forte  bonne.     This 

The    fault     lies     with    me.       The     Cornhill  led  to  popular  belief  that  the  woman  was 

writer     set     down     '  Tenison,'     which     my  Anne    Boleyn,    though    probably    it    repre- 

uiilucky  pen  transmuted  to  Tillotson.    '  Last  sented  the  King's  arms  and  Good  woman. 

Sacraments  '  may  be  the  slip  of  something  W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

or    somebody   else.                    ST.  SWITHIN.  Stratford-on-Avon. 

SMALLEST   PIG   OF   A   LITTER   (12  S.  viii.  Cycling     through     the     Midlands     many 
331,  376).—  "  Reckling  "  is  the  Lincolnshire   yeaf    a.g°    I    came    across    a    public-house 

term  for  the  smallest  pig  in  a  litter,  one  that  with  this  sign  in  one  of  the  Wheatleys  in 

has  not   a   pap  from  which  to  suck.     Also,  Nottinghamshire  (North  Wheatley,  I  believe) 

anything  weak  or  deformed,    or,  again,  the  a^d  fas  reminded,  of  course,  of  the  inn  in 

youngest    in    a   family.     I    once    heard   the  Mr.    Hardy  s  novel,      The    Return    of    the 

remark,  "  He's  a  fine  lad  for  a  reckling."  \  Dative.                                                C.    C.    B. 

\Vinterton     Lines  "MAGDALEN"    OR     "  MAWDLEN  "     (12     S. 

viii.  366).  —  Thomas  Audley  was  Lord  Chan- 

In  the  New  Forest,   the  smallest  pig  is    cellor  to  King  Henry  VIII.     It  was  he  who 
known  as  the   "  doll."      A   "  wosset  "    is  a    tooled  for  the  King  in  the  matter  of  the 


small    ill-favoured    pig.     (See    Glossary    of 
Provincialisms    in    Wise's    *  History    of    the 


Boleyn    divorce,    and    who    was    the    great 
opponent    of    Sir    Thomas    More.     He    re- 


Now  Forest.')  F.  CROOKS.      j  founded   Buckingham   College,    Cambridge  ; 


418  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i*s;viii.  MAY  a  1,1*21. 


and  (if  one  may  believe  the  cynical  Parker)1       "  FOUR -BOTTLE   MEN"    (12    S.    viii.    310, 
did  so  that,  shorn  of  two  letters,  the  college    357). — I  should  have  said  that  neither  four- 
would  then  adopt  his  own  name  : —  I  nor  two-  but  three-bottle  men  was  the  com- 
M— Audley — N.  j  moner  label,  or  libel.     Does  not  Sir  Walter 
His  wife's  name  was  Elizabeth.     Two  of   Scott  .make   the   King  allude   to   the   elder 


his     brothers-in-law      were      Henry     Duke 
of     Suffolk,    father     of    Lady    Jane    Grey  ; 


Peveril     as     a     "  three-bottle     baronet "  ? 
The  size   of  port-wine  bottles  has  been  re- 


and  Lord  Thomas  Grey.  Both  were  ulti-  : ferred  to-  I  have  in  my  cellar»  otherwise 
mately  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill.  Their  WPty,  a  variety  of  old  bottles,  some  with 
mother  was  Margaret  "Marchioness  of  seals  bearing  '  Wm.  Jackson,  1774,"  others 
Dorsett,"  who  was  the  godmother  of  Queen  Lincoln  College,"  apparently  about  the 
Elizabeth.  Margaret  was  born  a  Wotton.  same  date'  others  with  long  necks  and 

M.  E.  W.        probably  older.     Is  there  any  public  collec- 
tion   of  such  glass  in  which  these  specimens 

LANCASHIRE :  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (12  S.    would  find  a  pgermanent  home  ? 
vui.    227,    375). — Availing    myself     of    MR.  ATM 

RAY  SANBORN'S  suggestion  in  the  last  para- ; 

graph  of  his  reply  at  the  second  reference,!  FIRE  PICTURES  (12  S.  viii.  370).— H.M.S. 
may  I  call  his  attention  to  the  entries  in  vol.  Bombay,  screw,  wood,  line  of  battle  ship, 
ii.  of  Savage's  '  Genealogical  History  of  67  guns,  Captain  C.  A.  Campbell,  was  Lie- 
New  England  '  of  the  names  "  Hobart,  stroyed  by  fire  off  Monte  Video  on  Dec.  14, 
Hubberd,  Hulbert  and  sometimes  Hulburd."  1864.  Ninty- seven  officers  and  men  perished, 
From  a  letter  sent  me  by  the  postal  authori-  of  whom  34  belonged  to  the  Marines, 
ties  for  identification  some  years  ago,  1 1  J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut. -Col. 

gather    that    there    still    exist    in    America        TT  ^f  0      T>      i 

members  of  a  family  preserving  the  last-  T  1H^S'  BcTTba?  ^  buri£  °ff  F1lores 
named  variant  of  the  name  of  Hubert-  S^/*^***  ^ideo;  91  lives  lost; 
the  original  form.  ge?«  J4/  1!^4;  Haydn  s  Dictionary  ot 

From    his  surprise    at    the    same    people ! Dates     <see-  Wrecks   >• 

spelling  their  names  in  these  different  ways, !      <  The  King's  Ships,'  vol.  i.,  states  that  the 
Savage    does    not    appear    to    have    known    Bombay    belonged    to    the    Hon.  E.  India 
that  the   "  1  "   in  these  names  is  liquid,  or   Company,  and  was  built  in   1747.     It  was 
rather  mute    (as    in    Holborn,    Folkestone,    burned  off  Monte  Video  in  1864. 
Alnwick — as  silent  as  in  "  salmon  "),  and  my  ,  R    g.  PENGELLY. 

point    of    curiosity,    which    I    hope    to    be , 

able  to  satisfy  through  MR.  RAY  SANBORN'S  i  JOSEPH  AUSTIN,  ACTOR,  1735-1821  (12 
courtesy  and  the  ever-widening  circula-  j  S.  viii.  347). — Oxberry's  'Dramatic  Chrono- 
tion  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  is  whether  any  old-estab-  logy  up  to  1849'  gives  1740  as  the  year 
lished  Hulburds  still  remain  in  New  England,  of  Austin's  birth,  and  his  last  appearance 
and  if  so  whether  they  preserve  the  original  in  the  character  of  Bertram  in  '  The 
pronunciation  as  in  1635  and  in  the  pre-  Spanish  Friar  '  ;  date  of  death,  March  31, 
ceding  centuries.  PERCY  HULBURD.  1821.  The  '  Thespian  Dictionary,'  180?, 

incidentally  mentions  Austin    in  its  notice 

HENRY  BELL  OF  PORTINGTON  (12  S.  viii.  Of  Joseph  Munden,  as,  with  his  partner 
371).— Henry  Bell's  sister  married  my  Whitlock,  being  a  party  to  the  sale 
own  grandfather,  and  a  tombstone  exists  to  Munden  of  their  "  concerns  in  the 
in  Eastrington  churchyard  giving  the  names  theatres  of  Newcastle,  Lancaster,  Preston, 
of  their  twelve  children,  of  whom  my  father  Warrington,  and  Chester,"  and  retirement 
was  the  seventh.  Being  myself  the  youngest  of  Austin  thereon.  W.  B.  H 

of   his   family   I   cannot   speak   of   personal 

knowledge,  but  from  talk  heard  and  trea-  THE  YEAR'S  ROUND  OF  CHILDREN'S 
sured  by  me  in  youth  I  gathered  that  the  GAMES  (12  S.  viii.  309,  355). — In  'Memoirs 
Henry  Bell  of  Portington  was  a  friend  of  of  an  Oxford  Scholar,'  1756,  the  author 
John  Wesley,  and,  though  himself  remain-  writes  : — "  My  Amusements  were  boyish, 
ing  a  Churchman,  was  always  kind  and  playing  at  Taw,  whipping  of  Tops,  and  all 
hospitable  to  the  Methodist  local  preachers  the  Train  of  Plays  which  succeed  each 
who  came  to  visit  his  neighbourhood,  other  through  the  various  seasons  of  the 
He  and  his  brother-in-law  (my  grandfather)  year."  A.  H.  W.  FYNMORE. 

died  in  the  same  year.  SURREY.  Arundel. 


12  s.  vm.  MAY  2if  i92i.i      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


MABY  BENSON,  alias  MARIA  THERESA 
PHIPOE  (12  S.  viii.  370).— There  is  a  fairly 
full  account  of  this  notorious  criminal  and 
her  many  enormities  in  '  Chronicles  of 
Crime,'  by  Camden  Pelham  (vol.  i.  p.  358). 
The  book  was  republished  by  Reeves  and 
Turner,  196,  Strand,  in  1886,  and  is,  I  fancy, 
now  out  of  print  and  scarce.  It  is  ad- 
mirably illustrated  by  "  Phiz  "  and  is 
probably  the  best  and  most  complete  record 
of  criminal  trials  down  to  1840  that  has 
ever  been  compiled. 

WlLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

Full  particulars  of  this  case  are  given  in 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  Ixvi.,  p.  347, 
and  vol.  Ixvii.,  p.  1122.  The  criminal  is  re- 
ferred to  in  the  same  magazine  for  1818,  vol.  ii. , 
p.  644,  where  it  is  stated  that  "  she  was  once 
connected  with  a  respectable  family  in  the 
sister  island."  This  may  mean  that  she 
was  wife  of  a  Mr.  Phepoe  (as  the  correct 
spelling  was).  If  so,  I  should  like  to  know 
whether  her  husband  was  one  of  the  family 
mentioned  below,  which  once  occupied 
a  prominent  position  in  Dublin.  She  does 
not  appear  to  be  a  relation  to  do  them 
credit  ! 

Richard  Phepoe,  of  Dublin,  Esq.,  married 
at  St.  Paul's,  Dublin,  Dec.  7,  1733,  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Richard  Walker,  of 
Dublin,  and  by  her,  who  died  March,  1762, 
had  at  his  death,  March  16  or  17,  1777, 
with  other  children,  who  died  young,  and 
were  buried  in  Alderman  William  Walker's 
ground  at  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  three 
daughters  (Elizabeth,  wife,  first,  of  Arthur 
Langford  Carter,  son  of  the  Rev.  Oliver 
Carter,  Rector  of  Knockmark,  Co.  Meath, 
and,  second,  of  Henry  Clarke  ;  Rose,  wife  of 
Adam  Nixon,  of  Greeny,  Co.  Cavan,  Cornet, 
13th  Light  Dragoons,  son  of  the  Rev. 
Andrew  Nixon,  of  Nixon  Lodge,  Co.  Cavan  ; 
and  Jane,  wife  of  William  George  Dowley 
Hearn,  son  of  the  Ven.  Daniel  Hearn, 
Archdeacon  of  Cashel),  and  a  son,  John 
Phepoe,  of  Dublin,  Esq.,  married  June, 
1770,  Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas  Taylor, 
Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin,  1751,  by  Anne, 
daughter  of  Michael  Beresford,  son  of  Sir 
Tristram  Beresford,  Bart.,  and  had  issue. 
H.  B.  SWANZY. 

The  Vicarage,  Newry,  Co.  Down. 

An  account  of  this  woman  and  her  crimes 
is  in  *  The  Chronicles  of  Crime  ;  or,  New 
Newgate  CalendaV  by  Camden  Pelham. 
Two  vols.,  1841.  Reprinted  1891. 

W.  B.  H. 


on  JPoofeg. 

The  Tower  of  London.     By  Walter  George  Bell. 

(John  Lane.  6s.  net.) 

MR.  BELL'S  many  readers  will  certainly  thank 
him  for  this  unassuming  but  charming  and  well- 
imagined  book.  No  doubt  he  is  justified  in 
reproaching  Londoners  with  their  general  igno- 
rance of  the  Tower.  Yet  this  book — which  is  as 
good  for  its  purpose  as  it  well  could  be — itself 
goes  some  way  to  explain  the  neglect.  Few 
buildings  in  the  world  are  involved  in  such 
majestic  and  such  unrelieved  gloom.  The  Castle 
of  St.  Angelo,  which  Mr.  Bell  will  have  to  be  its 
only  rival,  has  its  legend  and  a  history  in  which 
splendid  vicissitudes  are  mingled  with  terror, 
and  pious  associations  with  deeds  of  darkness. 
The  Tower  of  London,  built  to  confront  extremes 
of  danger,  has  never  even  known  assault.  It 
has  held  martyrs,  but  martyrs  who  died  for  causes 
which  now  ring  very  faintly  in  the  ears  of  the 
average  Londoner,  however  precious  their  wit- 
ness still  is  to  those  who  understand.  Cruelty, 
and  the  miscarrying  of  plots  and  treasons  ;  the 
unhappiness,  extreme  and  pitiable,  of  second- 
rate  persons  who  over-reached  themselves,  and 
for  whom  admiration  is  hardly  possible,  make 
up  most  of  the  human  history  of  which  this 
sombre  inviolate  fortress  is  the  background.  All 
the  more  tragic  for  that,  no  doubt,  and  with  all 
the  more  poignant  an  appeal  to  the  imagination. 
Then  there  is  that  unrivalled  length  of  centuries 
behind  it,  frowning  down  the  pretensions  of  other 
State  prisons.  But,  whether  we  look  on  its 
history  or  on  the  thickness  and  shape  of  its  walls 
and  its  plan  as  a  fortress,  it  needs  a  trained 
imagination  to  perceive  its  claims :  and  the  more 
those  claims  are  felt  the  more,  it  must  be  con- 
fessed, does  the  melancholy  of  the  Tower  increase 
upon  the  mind.  This  is  pleasing  to  many,  but 
still,  perhaps,  only  to  a  minority. 

However,  this  book  of  Mr.  Bell's  ought  to  incite 
a  multitude  of  readers  to  repair  their  carelessness. 
These  chapters,  he  tells  us,  were  written  originally 
for  The  Daily  Telegraph,  and  not  for  any  further 
purpose  than  to  awaken  an  interest  in  a  possession 
so  greatly  neglected.  They  contain  little  or 
nothing  that  a  student  of  London  will  not  have 
come  across  before.  Even  the  student,  though, 
may  be  glad  of  the  vivid  and  detailed  description, 
authoritatively  given,  of  the  nightly  ceremony 
of  the  salute  of  the  King's  keys.  The  present 
writer  was  grateful  also  for  a  note  on  the  nine- 
teenth-century history  of  the  Norman  Chapel 
in  the  Keep.  It  appears  that  upon  the  removal 
of  the  public  documents  thence  to  the  Record 
Office  there  was  a  proposal  to  convert  this  into 
a  military  tailor's  warehouse ;  and  it  was  upon  the 
Prince  Consort's  protest  that  Queen  Victoria 
ordered  that  it  should  be  restored  to  religious  use. 

Mr.  Bell  gives  us  a  facsimile  of  a  card,  dated 
April  1,  1856,  to  admit  the  bearer  to  view  "the 
annual  ceremony  of  the  Washing  of  the  Lions." 
He  does  not  say  how  often  this  joke  was  perpe- 
trated at  the  expense  of  guileless  visitors  from 
the  country. 

The  early  history  of  the  Tower  is  skilfully 
touched  in,  the  history  of  persons  bearing  a 
happy  proportion  to  the  description  of  the  build- 
ings. Those  Westminster  monks  are  mentioned 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      tr2s.vm.MA*2i,i»2i. 


who  were  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  by  Edward 
I.  on  a  charge  of  robbing  the  Royal  Treasury 
at  Westminster  Abbey.  Was  it  not  the  Abbot 
himself  and  nearly  the  whole  convent  who  were 
for  a  short  time  confined  in  the  Tower  ?  The 
substitution  of  large  windows  for  the  original 
Norman  slits  in  the  Keep  has  often  been  re- 
gretted. Mr.  Bell  quotes  Sir  George  Young- 
husband's  statement  that  apian  dated  1721  exists 
in  the  Office  of  Works  which  still  shows  the  old 
windows,  and  thereby  takes  off  some  of  the 
likelihood  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren's  being  respon- 
sible for  the  alteration.  Wooden  staves  fitted 
with  iron  rings  and  knobs,  used  by  our  men  in 
the  Great  War  in  trench  forays,  have  been  laid 
beside  the  maces  in  the  armouries  of  the  Keep. 

Mr.  Bell  dwells  at  length  on  More— the  ever 
memorable  farewell  between  him  and  his  daughter 
near  the  portcullis  of  the  Bloody  Tower ;  and  on  the 
last  hours  of  Fisher,  sleeping  soundly  two  of  the  last 
four  hours  of  life.  He  is  extraordinarily  kind  to 
Anne  Boleyn ;  and  brings  out  strongly  the  pathos  of 
the  few  square  feet  of  ground —  1 8ft.  X  1 2ft. — before 
the  altar  of  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula.  Certainly  a 
strangly  mingled  company  reposes  there  ;  but  as 
a  man  on  whom  a  curse  rested,  however  other- 
wise unworthy,  thereby  gained  dignity,  so  even 
poorer  and  meaner  characters  seem  to  acquire  a 
certain  grace  and  awefulness  when  gathered  into 
the  dark  shadow  of  the  Tower.  It  is  part  of 
the  success  of  Mr.  Bell's  book  that  he  brings 
this  home  to  one  afresh. 

Norwich  Castle.  By  Walter  Bye. 
As  our  author  remarks  in  his  preface,  Norwich 
Castle  has  received  but  little  serious  attention 
from  historians.  A  want  of  trustworthy  material 
largely  accounts  for  this  neglect.  But  with  the 
publication  of  the  Calendars  of  Public  Records 
the  situation  has  been  changed,  and  Mr.  Rye, 
whose  qualifications  for  the  task  are  well  known 
to  every  antiquary,  has  here  begun  to  take  stock 
of,  and  draw  conclusions  from,  the  new  matter 
accumulated. 

H  e  sums  up  in  his  first  chapter  the  old  histories 
of  the  Castle.  The  oldest  mentions  of  it  assign 
its  building  to  the  Conqueror  :  somewhat  later 
it  was  attributed  to  William  Rufus.  From  the 
sixteenth  century  onwards  accounts  for  which 
the  authority  is  unknown  refer  its  foundation 
to  Saxon  times  or  even  farther  back.  Till  the 
middle  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  building 
was  stoutly  declared  to  be  Saxon,  but  since  then 
the  Norman  origin  has  found  favour  again,  and 
the  Keep  is  now  generally  supposed  to  have  been 
erected  in  the  early  twelfth  century. 

In  connexion  with  its  origin  we  have  the  interest- 
ing question  of  the  service  of  the  Castle  guard.  Mr . 
Rye — though  he  has  the  formidable  authority 
of  Dr.  Round  against  him — is  inclined  to  think 
that  lands  belonging  to  churches  and  monasteries 
were,  as  a  rule,  held  only  on  defensive  services  ; 
and  he  certainly  maintains  his  contention  well. 
A  further  interesting  point  on  which  he  brings 
evidence  forward  is  the  commutation  of  garri- 
son duties  for  money  payment. 

The  erection  of  the  Castle  Mound  presents 
two  main  points  of  interest :  its  date  and  the 
place  whence  material  was  drawn.  Mr.  Rye 
would  agree  to  the  Mound  being  assigned  to 
Saxon  or  Danish  times,  and  would  on  the  whole 


prefer  to  suppose  it  made  of  earth  brought  down 
from  higher  ground  (spur  of  high  land  at  Ber) 
rather  than  carted  up  from  the  excavation  of  the 
moat. 

In  chapter  iv.,  on  the  bridge  and  the  moat, 
Mr.  Rye  is  able  to  bring  forward  evidence  from 
the  Pipe  Roll  in  support  of  the  twelfth-century 
date  of  the  Keep  and  the  bridge.  On  the  ques- 
tion of  a  wet  versus  a  dry  moat  he  holds  that  the 
moat  was  filled  with  water,  and  that  land  water 
from  the  neighbouring  higher  levels  to  the  south 
and  south-east  would  have  sufficed  for  the 
purpose. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  chapters  are  those 
on  the  fabric  and  repairs  to  the  Castle  and  on  the 
Governors,  where  Mr.  Rye  brings  forward  much 
material  gathered  from  the  original  sources  in 
which  he  has  been  delving  and  new  to  students. 
From  the  Patent  and  Close  Rolls  may  be  drawn 
the  names  of  numerous  prisoners  committed 
to  the  castle,  and  Mr.  Rye  supplies  notes  of  about 
a  score  of  them  imprisoned  between  1206  and 
1349. 

In  the  following  chapter,  as  also  in  an  article, 
reprinted  as  Appendix  from  The  Essex  County 
Standard,  on  Eudo  Dapifer  and  the  Chronicle 
of  St.  John's  Abbey,  Colchester,  Mr.  Rye  brings 
forward  a  number  of  considerations  by  way 
of  correcting  statements  in  the  work  of 
the  late  Prof.  Freeman  and  Dr.  Round. 
Mr.  Rye  is  a  vigorous  defender  of  the  accuracy 
and  value  of  the  Chronicle  and,  without  entering 
into  a  dispute  which  would  lead  far  beyond 
the  space  available  for  this  notice,  we  may  say 
that,  all  allowance  being  made  for  the  personal 
equation,  his  case  is  pretty  strong. 

John  Dryden  and  a  British  Academy.     By  Prof. 

O.  F.  Emerson.     (Humphrey  Milford.     For  the 

British  Academy.  Is.  6d.  net.) 
DRYDEN' s  interest  in  the  foundation  of  an  Academy 
"  as  they  have  in  France  "  has  not  left  traces 
which  amount  to  very  much.  Evelyn's  "  indi- 
gested thoughts  "  make  a  far  more  considerable 
contribution  to  the  enterprise.  A  sentence  in 
the  '  Dedication  '  to  '  The  Rival  Ladies  '  ;  an 
argument  in  the  '  Dedication  '  of  '  Troilus  and 
Cressida,'  and  two  further  allusions  virtually 
comprise  it  all.  Yet  it  is  worth  setting  these 
out,  giving  their  occasions  and  concomitants  and 
tracing  what  a  mind  of  such  a  quality,  and  so 
good  a  master  of  English,  held  about  the  English 
of  his  day  and  its  capabilities.  Prof.  Emerson 
has  done  this  very  well,  and  his  work  carries  in 
our  eyes  some  heightening  of  interest  from  its 
transatlantic  origin. 


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421 


LONDON,  MAY  28,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.   163. 

NOTES :— Correspondence  of  Harriet  Martineau,  421— 
Trial  of  a  .Duellist,  Newfoundland,  422 — Aldeburgh 
Chamberlains'  Accounts,  426 — Brass  at  Stoke  d'Abernon  : 
Enamelled  Shield— Pedestrianism  in  1818,  428 — Vicar 
elected  by  Ballot — "  Tenant  in  Capite  " — Old  Man's 
Perversity,  429. 

QUERIES  : — Arms  of  the  See  of  Brechin — Identification 
of  Arms — Maginn  and  Byron — "  The  Grey  Mare  is  the 
Better  Horse,"  430 — Baker — Enoch  Sterne — "  Chatauqua  " 
-"  Little  Englander  " — Gibbon  :  Reference  Wanted — 
Palestine :  Fort  of  St.  George — English  Apples — 
John  Langham — James  Macburney — Mouatt — Bernard 
Andrews,  Poet  Laureate — "  The  Poor  Cat  i'  th'  Adage  " — 
The  "Diehards,"  431— Defoe's  Relations— Dickens  and 
Henry  VIII. — Vernon  of  Liverpool — Sir  Thomas  Crook 
Bart.— "  Tether  Book  "—Cigarette  Smoking— '  The  New 
Jerusalem  :  a  Hymn  of  the  Olden  Time  ' — Latin  Proverb 
— Grace  America  Gledhill — Sir  Francis  Brewster,  432 — 
'  The  Fable  of  the  Bees  ' — Martin  (Marten) — Author 
Wanted,  433. 

REPLIES  :— "  Venetian  Window  "—Epitaph  in  Lowestoft 
Churchyard,  433 — The  Monument :  '  Ingoldsby  Legends  ' 
— Napoleon  as  a  Child — Ghost  Stories  connected  with 
Old  London  Bridge,  434 — Old  London  :  Cloth  Fair — 
Smallest  Pig  of  a  Litter— Pastorini's  Prophecies- 
Singing  Bread — "  Nothing  but  their  Eyes  to  weep  with  " 
— Rights  and  Duties  of  Functionaries,  435 — Lancashire 
Settlers  in  America— Wine  Names — Blount  of  Lincoln- 
shire— Foxhounds — Early  Stage-Coaches — "  Flying  Scud  " 
— Cooke  and  his  County  Itineraries — Coco-nut  Cup,  436 — 
Rice — Liddell  and  Scott's  Lexicon—"  Rex  illiteratus  est 
asinus  coronatus  " — Van  der  Does,  437 — Paul  Lucas 
His  '  Journey  Through  Asia  Minor  ' — Sir  Henry  Colet— 
The  Year  1000  A.D.,  438. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— •  Britain's  Tribute  to  Dante  in 
Literature  and  Art ' — '  Memorias  Antiguas  Historiales  del 
Peru.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CORRESPONDENCE    OF   HARRIET 
MARTINEAU. 

THE  following  letters,  two  from  Harriet 
Martineau  and  one  from  Susan  Martineau, 
announcing  her  aunt's  death,  throw  some 
little  additional  light  on  the  home  life  and 
on  the  opinions  of  a  highly -gifted  woman. 
They  seem  wfell  worth  being  made  known  to 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  for  the  use  of  any 
writer  who  may,  in  future,  think  of  making 
a  new  study  of  Harriet  Martineau's  life  and 
works. 

These  letters  were  given  to  me  by  a  friend, 
whom  I  believe  to  have  been  a  connexion 
of  Mrs.  Jones,  some  fifteen  years  ago. 
[COPY.] 
I. 

Ambleside, 

Sepr.    5/66. 
Dear  Mrs.  Jones 

Your  hamper  is  a  real  treat  !  You  have  sent  us 
just  what  is  not  to  be  got  here,  mushrooms  and 
fruit  particularly.  We  had  never  thought  of 
mushrooms,  which  I  am  ivmark;il>ly  fond  of; 


and  there  is  no  such  fruit  here  as  your  peaches 
and  pears, — the  season  having  been  unfavourable 
for  autumn  fruit.  Caroline  "  does  not  care  for 
fruit,"  she  says,  but  the  sausages  are  quite  in 
her  way — and  in  mine  too  ;  and  I  have  just  had 
one  for  breakfast  ;  and  excellent  it  is.  We  had 
some  fun  about  them  last  evening.  The  hamper 
was  unpacked  in  the  drawing-room  for  my 
amusement,  and  Caroline  put  on  one  side  the 
things  that  were  for  her.  Half  an  hour  after- 
wards she  came  in  with  the  box  she  had 
put  aside,  and  said  "  I  took  this  for  note  paper," 
and  taking  off  the  lid,  there  \vere  the  sausages  ! 
How  \\e  did  laugh! 

I  hope  her  cousin  will  think  her  looking  \\ell. 
»My  friends  here  observe  to  me  how  well  she 
'looks. 

It  is  such  a  pity  that  your  son  comes  just  this 
week — the  only  one  in  all  the  year  when  I  have  no 
niece  with  me,  and  when  therefore  Caroline  canr  ot 
go  long  walks  with  her  cousin.  I  am  quite  con- 
cerned at  it.  And  when  my  niece  from  Liverpool 
comes  at  the  end  of  the  week,  her  brother  conies 
\\ith  her,  so  that  the  little  room  will  not  be  at 
liberty  after  Thursday  night.  Till  Friday  your 
son  is  most  welcome  to  it  ;  and  afterwards,  till  he 
goes  home,  I  hope  he  will  come  here  as  much 
as  he  likes.  I  have  desired  Caroline  to  make 
him  comfortable  in  every  way  she  can.  I  do 
hope  the  weather  will  mend  ;  but  the  glass  is 
low. 

Now  that  I  am  writing,  I  will  say  a  confidential 
word  about  C.  which  is  for  her  uncle  and  yourself 
alone.  She  once  told  me  that  you  were  "  so 
afraid  she  shd  be  tempted  to  go  to  America." 
I  assure  you  I  was  at  one  time  very  uneasy 
about  it ;  and  even  now,  I  shd  be  very  glad  to 
hear  that  her  brother-in-law  was  married  again. 
Unless  he  waits  for  my  death  I  shd  think  he 
will  marry  again  ;  and  not  the  less,  but  the 
more,  for  the  true  and  deep  love  he  certainly 
had  for  his  wife. 

It  is  not  for  selfish  reasons  only,  nor  chiefly — 
that  I  have  dreaded  C.'s  going.  He  wd  have 
wanted  her  to  rnarry  him,  of  course  ;  and  I  want 
her  to  understand  that  she  cannot  be  legally 
his  Wife.  In  this  country,  because  she  is  his 
deceased  wife's  sister  ;  and  in  America  because 
he  wd  there  marry  under  a  false  name.  In  fact, 
all  she  really  knows  of  him,  beyond  his  attach- 
ment to  his  wife,  is  that  he  is  living  under  a  false 
name,  after  a  secret  flitting  from  this  country. 
There  cannot  but  be  something  wrong  in  such  a 
case.  However,  I  have  seen  -no  signs  whatever 
I  of  her  being  tempted  ;  and  I  don't  think  he  writes 
often  to  her  now.  I  am  sure  she  could  not  like 
life  at  Chicago,  if  all  else  Were  right,  nor  wd 
she  have  her  health  there. — I  hardly  need  say 
I  have  remembered  her  in  my  Will  ;  nor  that 
my  family  will  have  her  interests  at  heart  when 
I  am  gone.  I  am  sure  they  will,  both  for  my 
sake  and  her  own.  Meantime,  I  really  believe 
she  is  happy  here  ;  and  I  am  sure  she  is  very 
good.  She  sends  her  love  to  her  Uncle  and  you. 
I  beg  you  to  accept  my  hearty  thanks  for  the 
kindness  you  have  shown  me,  and  to  believe 
me  very  truly  yours 

(Sgd.)    H.    MARTINEAU. 

p.g. — NO  doubt  C.  has  told  you  how  comfort- 
ably we  are  settled  with  the  good  young  girl 
who  is  our  cook.  She  is  a  wonderful  girl  for 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [•»<*«&£ «**•*  mi 


her  age  ;  and  C.  does  not  mind  her  being  so 
young,  as  she  is  so  willing  and  apt  to  learn. 
O.  says  the  kitchen  never  was  so  comfortable 
as  now. 

[COPY.] 

II. 

Ambleside, 

September  6/74. 
Dear  Caroline, 

I  have  had  such  a  good  breakfast,  the  last  two 
mornings  that  I  have  wanted  to  thank  you  for 
the  treat.  I  will  do  it  now, — ever  so  briefly, 
rather  than  wait,  for  I  really  am  gratified  by  your 
kind  remembrance  of  my  liking  for  this  particular 
breakfast  (or  supper !)  You  can  easily  under- 
stand how  impossible  it  is  for  me  to  write  much 
just  now,  when  Mr.  Frank  is  here  for  2  days, 
and  our  dear  J.  for  a  limited  time — and  tourist 
friends  calling,  and  strangers  peeping  about, 
while  I  lose  strength  from  week  to  week.  I 
am  obliged  to  decline  seeing  any  but  old  and 
familiar  friends,  but  the  mere  movement  of  so 
many  people  about  one,  and  the  letters  and  mes- 
sages are  overpowering  to  my  small  strength. 
And  the  great  difficulty  still  is  the  amount  of 
writing  that  has  to  be  done. 

I  think  your  interview  with  Dr.  Blake  is  very 
encouraging,  according  to  the  account  I  have  ! 
of  it  from  Miss  Jane.  If  the  two  lumps  wd 
follow  the  way  of  the  departed  ones,  we  might 
hope  that  you  may  entirely  recover  your  health, — 
if  the  cough  is  really  quite  gone.  While  those 
lumps  remain,  we  cannot  but  feel  the  necessity 
for  still  further  patience.  But  in  all  other  respects 
you  seem  to  have  made  great  progress  since  your 
last  change  of  air  and  scene  ;  and  we  shall  re- 
joice if  it  continues. 

Mrs.  Wedgwood  hopes  to  give  me  a  few  days 
("a  very  few  ")  about  the  end  of  this  month, 
We  hardly  hoped  for  another  meeting ;  but  we 
shall  try  for  it.  We  are  all  growing  old,  we  feel, 
and  three  of  us  four  elders  are  invalids  ;  so  we 
don't  look  forward  much,  or  make  rash  promises  ; 
but  if  she  and  I  may  be  together  once  more,  we  i 
shall  be  thankful. — My  cousin  Constance,  is  with  j 
me  now,  so  good  and  kind  to  J.  and  me  !  On  the 
whole,  I  am  relieved,  and  surprised  at  JVs  looks, 
though  I  knew  how  strong  she  is.  She  is  cheerful 
and  calm  and  altogether  appearing  less  ill  than 
I  was  prepared  to  see  her. 

With  kind  regards  to  your  sister  and  family, 
and  love  to  Carrie, 

I  am,  dear  Car, 

Your  affecte  old  friend 

(Sgd.)     H-.     MARTINJ3AU. 

[copy.] 
III. 

Highfield   Road, 
Edgbaston. 

June  29tb  /76. 
Dear  Mrs.  Jones, 

I  feel  that  I  must  send   a   few    words  to  you, 
as  I  know  you  have  taken  deep  interest  for  many 
years  past  in  all  that  concerns  my  Aunt's  house-  j 
hold  at  Ambleside.     The  news  will  soon  reach  you 
by  the  newspapers  that  my  dear  Aunt  too  has  i 
passed  from  amongst  us  :    she  breathed  her  last  j 
on  Tuesday  evening  about  eight  oclock.     She  -has  j 
been    declining     in    strength    for    some    months,  ! 


and  latterly  more  rapidly — so  we  were  all  pre- 
pared— she  herself  longing  for  the  "  rest  - 
after  her  life's  work  was  done.  My  sister  was 
with  her,  and  her  sister  Mrs.  Higginson,  and 
Marianne  has  taken  Caroline's  place  to  the  best 
of  her  ability.  Poor  dear  Caroline  has  been 
spared  this  watching  and  sorrow, — it  seems  very 
soon  after  her  removal.  My  sister  will  always 
feel  very  thankful  that  she  was  sufficiently  re- 
stored in  health  to  spend  the  last  twelve  months 
with  my  Aunt  in  her  beautiful  home.  I  hope 
you  are  pretty  well.  I  am  yours 

very  truly, 
(Sgd.)  SUSAN   MABTINEAU. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 


TRIAL  BY  COURT-MARTIAL  OF  A 
DUELLIST.     NEWFOUNDLAND,   1826. 

(See  ante,  pp.  381,  402.) 

MATTHEW  HENRY  WILLOCK,  sworn  :• — Witness 
had  a  party  at  his  quarters  on  the  evening  of  the 
26th  March  last,  consisting  of  the  prisoners  at 
the  bar,  the  deceased  Mr.  'Philpot,  Mr.  Stanley, 
the  brother  of  the  witness,  and  all  his  brother- 
officers  of  the  corps,  except  the  Colonel,  Lieut. 
Wieburgh,  and  Mr.  Clark.  Captain  Budkin, 
Captain  Morice,  Mr.  Philpot,  Mr.  Stanley,  and 
witness's  brother  remained  after  the  rest  had 
retired.  When  the  party  had  been  so  reduced, 
Mr.  Philpot  said  that  as  he  had  not  taken  a  glass 
of  grog  during  the  evening,  he  would  stay  and 
do  so.  Cards  were  then  proposed.  Mr.  Philpot, 
Captain  Rudkin,  and  witness  played,  during 
which  Mr.  Stanley  said,  "  Come,  boys,  let  us  go 
home  ;  we  are  only  keeping  Willock  up,  and 
annoying  him."  Deceased  said,  "  There  is  the 
door- — be  off — don't  be  disturbing  us."  Mr. 
Stanley  replied,  "  I  can  go  if  I  please,  Sir,  without 
consulting  you."  Mr.  Philpot  retorted,  "  Don't 
'  Sir  '  me  ;  if  you  do  I'll  pull  your  nose,  and  kick 
you  out  at  the  door  "• — at  the  same  moment  rising 
from  his  chair.  Witness  seized  him  by  the  arm, 
and  said  he  would  not  allow  such  language  or 
conduct  in  his  quarters.  Captain  Rudkin  then 
addressed  himself  to  Mr.  Philpot,  and  said  such 
cor  duct  was  highly  improper,  and  both  uncalled 
and  unlocked  for  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Stanley,  as 
he  had  done  nothing  to  subject  himself  to  such  a 
remark.  Mr.  Stanley  then  left  the  room,  after 
which  Mr.  Morice  observed  to  deceased  that  he 
had  behaved  excessively  ill  to  Mr.  Stanley,  and 
that  he  ought  to  have  apologized  to  him  imme- 
diately. Deceased  replied,  "  The  nincompoop  ! 
I'd  rather  have  a  shot  at  him  than  not."  Mr. 
Morice  then  retired,  and  there  only  remained 
Captain  Rudkin,  deceased,  and  witness.  Witness 
then  remonstrated  with  deceased  upon  his  in- 
temperate conduct  upon  this  and  other  occasions. 
Upon  Mr.  Morice  going  away,  Captain  Rudkin 
dealt  the  cards  for  the  game  of  Lancelot.  The 
first  card  was  for  company  ;  the  second  for  self  ; 
and  the  third  for  the  "dealer.  The  card  for 
company  was  a  five,  that  for  self  a  six,  and  the 
card  next  turned  was  also  a  six,  which  gave 
Captain  Rudkin  the  pool.  This  Phjpot  disputed, 
declaring  that  as  it  was  a  nick,  or  tie,  the  company 


12  S.VIII.  MAY  28,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


423 


were  entitled  to  half  the  pool.     It  was  referred 
to    witness,   who   gave   it   in   favour   of   Captain 
Rudkin.     Deceased  then  seized  the  stakes  on  the  j 
table,    and    put    them    in    his    pocket.     Captain  j 
Rudkin  said  to  witness,   "  Good  God  !      do  you  j 
mean   to    submit   to   treatment   of   this   sort  ?  " 
Witness  replied  that  it  was  only  a  ninepenny  or 
eighteenpenny  matter,  and  not  worth  squabbling 
about.     Captain  Rudkin  then  said,  "  If  you  are 
determined  to  submit  to  this  sort  of  treatment, 
I  shall  not ;    neither  will  I  allow  that  money  to  ] 
be  taken  from  the  room."     Mr.  Phil^ot  then  rose  ' 
from  his  chair  and  said,  "  D — • — n  you  !     I  would  ' 
think  but   very  little   of   pulling  your  no^e,  and 
kicking  your  • — —  out  of  the  window."     Witness 
then  said  he  considered  himself  ill-treated  by  the  ; 
row  which  had  taken  place  in  his  quarters  ;    and, 
opening  the  door,  requested  they  would  go  home,  ! 
stating  that  in  the  morning  he  should  expect  an 
apology   for   such    conduct.     After    opening   the 
door  for  their  exit,  witness  went  to  stir  the  fire, 
and   whilst   there   his   attention    was    called    by 

hearing    deceased    say,     "  D n    you  !  "     and 

accompanying  this  exclamation  by  throwing  a 
jug  with  water  after  Captain  Rudkin  into  the 
passage  ;  and  whilst  doing  so,  rushing  into  the 
passage  in  pursuit  of  Captain  Rudkin.  Witness 
then  followed  him  to  the  door,  and  there  saw 
the  deceased  in  the  arms  of  his  (witness's)  brother, 
who  was  bringing  him  back  to  the  room,  where 
he  remained  all  night.  Witness  kept  him  for  the 
pvirpose  of  remonstrating  with  him  upon  the 
highly  improper  conduct  of  which  he  had  been 
guilty  ;  and  he  told  him  that  by  giving  way  to 
his  violence  of  character,  and  grossness  of  language, 
he  would  either  be  killed  or  be  obliged  to  leave 
the  service.  Witness  then  recapitulated  to 
deceased  the  number  of  quarrels  he  had  been 
engaged  in,  and  the  number  which  he  (witness) 
had  got  him  out  of.  Deceased  asked  witness  to 
act  as  his  friend  in  case  he  should  be  called  out ; 
which  witness  refused  to  do,  stating  his  reasons. 
Conceived  that  Captain  Rudkin  could  not  with 
propriety  act  otherwise  than  he  did.  There  were 
but  two  courses  he  could  pursue — either  to  bring 
deceased  to  a  court-martial,  or  to  act  a^  he  did. 

(The  Court  here  observed  that  the  code  of 
honour  was  not  the  code  of  law.  and  it  could  not 
take  down  these  minutes  as  evidence.) 

The  witness  considered  that  Mr.  Philpot,  on 
the  ground,  should  have  fired  in  the  air,  which 
would  Have  terminated  the  affair.  The  usual 
distance  is  from  eight  to  twelve  paces.  Has  known 
many  instances  in  which  the  parties  have  fired 
more  than  one  or  two  shots.  Has  known  Captain 
Rudkin  since  the  year  1812  ;  and  during  that 
period  his  conduct  has  been  that  of  a  good  officer 
and  a  perfect  gentleman.  Witness  has  never 
known  him  to  be  placed  in  the  like  situation,  nor 
to  have  any  quarrel  of  his  own  seeking.  Witness 
has  known  Dr.  Strachan  since  September,  1824, 
who  has  always  been  considered  Dy  the  coips  as 
a  good-tempered,  obliging  brother-officer  ;  and 
witness  has  known  him,  by  bis  irediation,  to 
have  prevented  one  or  two  duels.  Considers 
that  Captain  Rudkin  was  certainly  entitled  to 
an  apology — if  an  apology  could  have  been  taken 
for  the  insult. 

CAVENDISH  WILLOCK  : — Was  present  at  a 
dispute  which  took  place  at  his  brother's  on  the 
evening  o^  the  29th  March  last.  Upon  cards 


being  proposed,  he  believes  by  Captain  Rudkin, 
Mr.  Stanley  said  it  was  time  to  go  home,  when 
deceased  replied,  "  There's  the  door — be  off — 
you  have  no  business  to  disturb  us."  Stanley 
said,  "  I  suppose,  Sir,  I  can  go  home  when  I 
please."  Deceased  replied,  "  Don't  '  Sir  '  me, 
or,  damn  you  !  if  you  do,  I'll  pull  your  nose  and 
kick  you  out  at  the  window."  Mr.  Stanley  then 
went  out,  and  on  returning  found  the  parlour 
door  open.  Captain  Morice  then  went  out,  and 
witness  with  him.  Observed  Captain  Rudkin 
also  come  out  of  the  room,  and  saw  deceased 
throw  a  jug  of  water  at  him  ;  immediately  after 
which  he  (deceased)  ran  out  of  the  room  after 
Captain  Rudkin,  and  kicked  him  ;  upon  which 
witness  caught  hold  of  the  deceased  and  forced 
him  back  to  the  parlour.  Captain  Rudkin  then 
retired,  and  Mr.  Philpot  remained  in  Captain 
Willock's  quarters  with  Captain  Willock  and  with 
I  witness.  Witness  next  day  waited  on  Mr.  Philpot 
to  ask  him  to  apologize  to  Stanley,  when  the 
I  former  told  him  that  he  had  sent  for  Captain 
|  Morice.  Witness  and  Captain  Morice  adjusted 
that  difference.  Captain  Morice  said  that  as  he 
'  was  present  during  the  quarrel  between 
Philpot  and  Stanley,  and  as  the  matter 
had  been  referred  to  him  (Captain  Morice), 
the  former  must  apologize.  Witness  had  some 
conversation  with  Captain  Morice  respecting  the 
aftair  between  Philpot  and  Rudkin.  Morice 
said  he  knew  not  of  the  affair  between  them, 
i  Witness  then  told  Captain  Morice  what  had 
i  passed  the  night  before  between  Rudkin  and 
I  deceased,  when  Captain  Morice  said  he  was 
very  sorry  for  it,  but  he  hoped  he  should  be 
able  to  settle  it.  Supposes  Captain  Morice  had 
not  then  been  longer  than  half  an  hour  in  the 
garrison.  The  ground  was  chosen  by  Mr. 
Philpot  himself,  who  objected  to  the  first  ground, 
saying  that  it  was  too  near  the  road,  that  en  the 
other  side  of  the  hill  it  was  more  level  and  fit 
for  the  purpose.  Captain  Rudkin  did  not  ac- 
company them  during  the  marking  of  the  ground. 
Deceased  fired  at  Rudkin.  The  attention  of 
witness  was  particularly  directed  to  the  deceased, 
as  he  expected  that  he  would  fire  in  the  air, 
having  previously  told  him  that  he  ought  to 
do  so  after  the  gross  insult  he  had  given  Captain 
I  Rudkin :  this  was  the  cause  of  his  attention 
i  being  directed  to  him.  The  words  "  Ready — 
fire  !  "  were  given  as  quick  as  possible,  and  the 
pistols  were  not  raised  until  the  word  "  Fire  !  '* 
was  given.  After  the  first  shot,  witness  observed 
deceased  draw  himself  up  and  direct  his  eye 
towards  Captain  Rudkin.  At  the  first  exchange 
of  shots,  observed  Captain  Rudkin  fire  rather 
carelessly — so  much  so  as  to  lead  witness  to 
suppose  that  Captain  Rudkin  expected  the  de- 
ceased would  fire  in  the  air.  From  Philpot's 
retaining  his  place,  and  at  the  same  time  giving 
his  pistol  in  a  particular  manner  to  his  second, 
witness  inferred  that  he  directed  him  to  reload. 
Mr.  Philpot's  pistol  positively  was  discharged 
the  second  time — saw  the  flash,  and  saw  the 
pistol  lying  on  the  ground  with  the  cock  down 
and  the  pan  thrown  back.  After  Philpot  fell, 
Captain  Rudkin  came  up  and  took  him  by  the 
hand  with  very  much  agitation.  Immediately 
after  the  fall  of  the  deceased,  Mr.  Morice  exclaimed 
that  it  was  a  pity  deceased  had  not  apologized. 
;  When  about  to  fire  the  second  shot,  Captain 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAY  28,  1021. 


Rudkin  kept  his  arm  down  until  the  word  was 
given ;     and    during   the    interval    between    the  | 
first  and  second  shot,  he  was  employed  in  pushing 
a  small  stick  which  he  had  in  his  hand  into  the 
ground,  and  drawing  it  out  again.     During  the 
same    interval,    deceased    altered    his    position, 
drew  himself  up,  and  fixed  his  eye  on  Captain 
Rudkin.     The    pistols    were    common,    and    not 
such  as  are  usually  employed  in  duelling.     The 
distance  at  which  the  parties  fought  was  rather 
more  than  fifteen  paces.     Witness  saw  the  dis- 
tance paced   off.     Deceased  told  witness  that  he 
had    taken   off    his    flannels,    which   he   had    not 
been   without  for   nine   years   before.     Deceased  : 
threw    off    his    coat    on    the    ground  ;      Captain  I 
Rudkin  fought  with  his  coat  on.     Witness  had  j 
previously  had  some  conversation  with  Captain  | 
Rudkin    respecting    the    quarrel,    during    which  j 
Captain    Rudkin    stated    that    he    had    not    the , 
slightest   animosity   against   the   deceased.     Has 
known  Captain  Rxidkin  ever  since  his  arrival  in 
this  country  ;    has  been  frequently  in  his  com- 1 
pany,  and  has  always  seen  him  act  as  an  officer  j 
and    a   gentleman,    and    had    never   known   him  I 
to  quarrel  with,  or  offer  an  insult  to,  anybody. 
Has  also  known  Mr.  Morice  and  Dr.  Strachan,  and 
has  never  known  them  to  be  engaged  in  a  quarrel. 
Some   time   ago   a   dispute   took   place   between 
two    gentlemen,    upon    which    occasion    Captain 
Morice    acted    as    mediator,    and    adjusted    the 
affair.     In  this  instance,  he  expressed  to  witness 
an  anxious  desire  to  make  an  amicable  adjustment 
of   the   differences.     All   the   proceedings   in   the 
affair  were  fairly  conducted,   so  far  as  witness 
knows. 

MAJOR  WILLIAM  SKINNER: — Had  frequent 
occasions  of  meeting  the  gentlemen  at  the  bar, 
as  well  as  the  deceased.  His  general  opinion  of 
the  character  of  Captain  Rudkin  is  that  he  is 
one  of  the  most  inoffensive  men  he  ever  knew. 
Believes  Dr.  Strachan  to  be  of  the  same  dis- 
position ;  and  has  ever  found  Captain  Morice 
to  be  a  good-tempered  pleasant  man. 

ALEXANDER  MCKENZIE  : — Is  Captain  in  the 
Royal  Veteran  Companies.  Became  acquainted 
with  Captain  Rudkin  in  September  or  October, 
1824.  Since  that  period  they  have  been  on  terms 
of  intimacy,  and  witness  knows  him  to  be  a  j 
humane,  good-hearted  man,  and  as  little  disposed  I 
to  quarrel  as  anyone  he  ever  met  with.  His  j 
manners  were  at  all  times  the  most  gentlemanly  ; 
and  witness  is  satisfied  that  he  could  call  on 
every  officer  in  the  corps  for  testimony  to  the 
same  effect.  Witness's  acquaintance  with  Dr. 
Strachan  commenced  immediately  upon  r  his 
arrival  in  this  country,  and  he  considers  him  a 
mild,  gentlemanly,  good-tempered  man.  Witness's 
acquaintance  with  Captain  Morice  commenced 
soon  after  the  arrival  of  the  yacht ;  he  always 
considered  him  a  gentlemanly,  good-tempered 
man. 

STEPHEN   RICE  : — Is  Lieutenant  in  the    Royal 
Veteran  Regiment.     Has  known  the  prisoners  at 
the  bar  since   1824.     Knows  Captain  Rudkin  to 
be    a    most    excellent-tempered    man,    and    has 
never  known  him  to  have  any  quarrel  with  any  j 
officer  in  the  garrison  except  with  the  deceased.  | 
Captain  Rudkin  has  had  a  former  quarrol  with 
deceased.     On  that  occasion  witness  was  present, j 
when  Mr.  Philpot  certainly  behaved  in  the  most 
violent  manner.     The  affair  was  settled  by  witness  i 


and  Captain  Willock's  concluding  that  Mr.  Philpot 
was  decidedly  wrong  in  his  conduct  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  quarrel.  The  apology  was  received 
and  a  perfect  reconciliation  took  place. 

Captain  WILLOCK,  re-examined: — Had  been 
engaged  in  adjusting  previous  quarrels  between 
the  deceased  and  Captain  Rudkin,  and  between 
the  deceased  and  others.  A  sufficient  apology 
was  considered  by  Captain  Rudkin  to  have  been 
made  for  the  offence  which  had  been  committed 
against  him. 

JOHN  O'FARRELL  : — Is  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal 
Veteran  Battalions.  Has  known  Captain  Rudkin 
since  the  arrival  of  the  Royal  Veterans  in  this 
country.  [Statement  to  the  same  effect  as  that 
of  previous  witness.] 

ROBERT  GUMBLETON  DAUNT: — Is  Lieutenant 
in  the  Royal  Veteran  Companies.  [Statement  to 
the  same  effect  as  that  of  previous  witness.] 

JOHN  WALKER: — Is  an  Ensign  in  the  Royal 
Veteran  Regiment.  •  Has  known  Captain  Rudkin 
since  September,  1824.  His  conduct  has  been 
that  of  a  perfect  gentleman.  (This  witness  con- 
firmed to  the  fullest  extent  everything  that  had 
been  said  by  the  former  witnesses  upon  the 
temper  and  conduct  of  the  prisoners  at  the  bar. ) 

CAMPBELL  FRANCE. — Is  Surgeon  of  H.M.S. 
Grasshopper.  Has  known  Captain  Morice  since 
June,  1818.  Has  served  in  H.M.S.  Liffey  with 
him.  [Statement  to  like  effect.] 

CHARLES  WARD  : — Is  supernumerary  clerk  of 
H.M.S.  Grasshopper.  Has  known  Mr.  Morice 
since  July  20,  1812.  Served  nearly  twelve 
months  in  the  Pincher  gun-brig,  in  which  he  was 
a  messmate  with  him.  [Statement  to  like  effect.] 

JOSEPH  BULL  : — Has  done  the  duty  of  Hospital 
Sergeant  ever  since  the  Veteran  Companies  landed. 
The  prisoner,  Dr.  Strachan,  is  Hospital  Surgeon. 
He  has  always  been  kind  in  every  respect  to  those 
Who  were  under  him,  and  has  repeatedly  given 
from  his  own  table,  to  the  patients  under  his 
cha,rge,  such  delicacies  as  were  not  allowed  by  the 
hospital. 

The  HON.  JUDGE  TUCKER  then  charged  the 
jury. 

Awfully  interesting  and  excruciatingly  painful, 
his  Lordship  said,  was  the  duty  which  he  was 
called  upon  to  perform.  A  consciousness  that 
the  life  of  a  fellow-creature  may  be  depending 
upon  our  conduct  must  always  impress  our  minds 
with  the  greatest  anxiety — when  the  accusation 
involves  the  crime  of  murder,  the  interest  of 
that  situation  is  much  increased  ;  but  when  it  is 
made  against  persons  with  whom  we  have  been 
on  terms  of  intimacy,  the  case  is  almost  too 
difficult  to  support.  But  the  facts  in  the  present 
case  admitted  of  no  doubt.  The  prisoners  had 
admitted  that  by  the  hands  of  Captain  Rudkin 
the  deceased  had  met  his  death,  and  it  had  also 
been  shown  that  the  other  gentlemen  on  trial  had 
aided  and  assisted  in  the  fact.  Their  lives  and 
all  that  were  connected  with  them  turned  upon 
the  view  which  he  should  have  to  take  upon  the 
law  of  the  case,  because  they  (the  jurors)  were 
bound  to  receive  advice  and  direction  from  the 
Court.  The  practice  of  duelling  had,  unfortu- 
nately, become  so  general  that  fe\*  were  conscious 
of  the  light  in  which  it  was  viewed  by  the  laws 
of  their  country.  From  certain  feelings  of 
honour,  and  from  the  -means  resorted  to  by  the 
parties  to  prevent  discovery,  it  seldom,  happened 


12  S.VIII.  MAY  28,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


425 


that  convictions  took  place ;  but  the  law  was 
not  ,the  less  clear  on  that  account.  He  should  be 
obliged  to  lay  down  principles  which  would  be 
new  to  many  who  heard  him.  The  laws  of  \ 
England  differed  from  those  which  actuated  j 
men  of  honour.  He  was  aware  that  the  practice 
had  been  sanctioned  by  the  example  of  some  of 
the  most  illustrious  characters,  and  had  received 
support  from  an  eminent  moralist,  Dr.  Johnson, 
who  argued  that,  as  it  was  consistent  with  the 
law  of  nature  and  society  to  defend  our  lives, 
and  even  pur  property,  by  taking  the  life  of  those 
who  assailed  them — our  character  being  more 
valuable  than  pur  property,  or  even  life  itself — it 
followed  that  it  was  equally  justifiable  to  defend 
that  character,  even  at  the  expense  of  the  life  of 
the  assailants.  This  was  the  doctrine,  and  he ! 
deeply  deplored  the  condition  of  those  who  were  | 
in  such  a  state  of  society  as  to  compel  them  to  do  | 
so,  or  to  consent  to  be  expatriated.  It  was  true 
that  persons  who  do  put  up  with  such  insults 
as  Captain  Budkin  had  received  were  looked 
upon  by  their  brother-officers  with  that  contempt 
which  requires  a  larger  share  of  passive  courage 
than  men  commonly  possess  to  endure.  That 
tyrant,  false  honour,  was  one  of  the  most  san- 
guinary that  ever  existed.  At  its  altar  had  been  j 
sacrificed  more  lives  than  had,  perhaps,  been  im-  : 
molated  at  the  altars  of  all  the  heathen  deities.  | 
With  regard  to  murder,  it  was  essential  that  j 
malice  should  enter  into  it ;  but  malice  was  the 
dictate  of  bad  dispositions.  It  was  not  that 
feeling  which  is  called  hatred  ;  nor  is  it  envy. 
Envy,  hatred,  and  malice  are  three  distinct  pas-  j 
sions.  In  this  case  there  might  be  nothing  of 
hatred,  nor  even  malice,  according  to  its  legal 
definition,  as  being  "  the  dictate  of  a  wicked,  de- 
praved, and  malignant  heart."  It  frequently 
happens  that  persons  go  out  without  the  feelings 
just  described,  but  victims  of  that  tyrant,  custom, 
are  goaded  to  do  that  which  is  opposed  to  reason, 
conscience,  and  revelation.  In  these  instances 
it  was  hardly  possible  to  say  that  malice,  either 
in  the  common  acceptance  of  the  term,  or  even  in 
the  sense  in  which  it  is  generally  understood  by 
lawyers,  entered  into  the  act — yet  by  all  the 
highest  authorities  in  the  law  it  is  held  that  if 
two  persons  fight  in  cold  blood,  or  after  there  has 
been  sufficient  time  to  cool,  and  one  be  slain,  this 
is  murder  in  the  party  killing  and  in  his  second. 
But  his  Lordship  felt  warranted  in  saying  that 
the  jury  may  acquit  the  second  of  the  deceased. 

But  the  facts  had  been  admitted — now  for  the 
law.  The  law  considers  that  persons  may  be  guilty 
of  crimes  in  different  degrees.  There  were  prin- 
cipals in  the  first  degree,  and  there  were  principals 
in  the  second  degree;  and  there  were  accessories 
before  as  well  as  accessories  after  the  fact.  In 
the  present  case  the  principal  in  the  first  degree 
was  Captain  Budkin  ;  and  in  the  second  degree, 
if  guilty  at  all,  was  Dr.  Strachan.  The  question 
then  was,  what  is  the  degree  of  guilt  involved  ? 
The  leading  distinction  between  murder  and  man- 
slaughter is,  that  one  arises  from  infirmity  and 
the  other  from  depravity.  But  the  laws  were 
indulgent  to  the  infirmities  of  human  nature — 
in  manslaughter  a  slight  punishment  was  awarded  ; 
in  murder,  the  severest  punishment  which  human 
laws  could  inflict.  It  was  of  importance  to 
ascertain  whether  the  act  was  done  in  the  heat  of 
passion  or  whether  there  was  time  to  cooU  If 


there  was  that  time,  it  was  impossible  to  reduce 
the  crime  below  that  of  murder.  The  defendants 
had  addressed  themselves  to  the  feelings,  and 
had  rested  their  defence  upon  what  were  termed 
the  laws  of  honour  ;  but  the  law  of  England  was 
as  widely  different  from  the  law  of  honour  as 
it  was  possible  for  two  extremes  to  be.  With 
r  espect  to  the  cooling  time  and  the  nature  of  the 
provocation,  it  was  of  importance  to  consider 
whether  Captain  Budkin  proceeded  to  the  ground  in 
that  state  of  mind  which  rendered  him  incapable 
of  acting  as  he  ought  to  have  done — for  they  must 
dismiss  the  usages  of  the  army,  and  take  the'law  to 
be  that  deliberate  duelling  is  murder.  If  there 
was  sufficient  time  allowed  for  the  passion  to 
cool,  the  jury  must  bring  in  a  verdict  of  murder. 

If  the  case  had  been  tried  by  those  rules  which 
govern  military  gentlemen,  it  should  seem  that 
Captain  Budkin  must  have  been  acquitted.  Looking 
at  his  moral  character  under  their  rules  of  honour 
it  was  entitled  to  approbation  ;  but  his  Lordship 
was  bound  to  look  at  the  law.  This  was  one  of 
those  distressing  cases  which  grew  out  of  the 
artificial  state  of  society  which  most  of  us  had 
had  frequent  occasion  to  witness  and  lament.  That 
the  conduct  of  the  deceased  was  of  the  grossest 
nature  there  could  be  no  doubt ;  he  therefore 
was  most  to  blame.  But  notwithstanding  the 
dreadful  consequences  of  declining  to  resent  Mr. 
Philpot's  conduct,  yet  his  Lordship  was  bound 
to  say  that  the  law  does  not  tolerate  duelling. 
Looking  to  the  facts,  they  were  awful.  His  Lord- 
ship adverted  to  the  circumstance  that  the 
quarrel  occurred  at  night,  and  the  meeting  did 
not  take  place  until  next  day.  It  seems  that 
before  the  meeting  Captain  Budkin  should  have 
reflected.  He  went  to  the  field  not  influenced 
by  passion  but  by  custom.  It  clearly  appeared 
that  Captain  Budkin's  conduct  hi  the  field  was  very 
different  from  that  of  the  deceased.  It  would 
also  appear  that  he  believed  he  was  only  going 
through  a  formal  ordeal,  and  that  from  the 
subsequent  conduct  of  his  antagonist  he  was 
provoked  to  take  more  deliberate  aim.  If  the 
jury  believed  that  the  parties  were  in  such  a  state 
of  mind  as  would  render  human  beings  justly 
responsible  for  their  conduct  at  the  time  of  their 
being  on  the  ground,  they  ought  to  return  a 
verdict  of  murder  against  Budkin  and  Strachan. 
It  was  not  for  the  Court  or  the  jury  to  depart 
from  the  law,  from  considerations  for  the  prisoners, 
but  to  look  to  its  effects  upon  the  state  of  society. 
His  Lordship  then  recapitulated  the  evidence 
and  commented  upon  it  as  he  went  along. 

The  jury  then  retired,  and  in  about  an  hour 
returned,  when  the  foreman  informed  the  Court 
that  the  jury  could  not  agree  upon  a  general 
verdict,  but  upon  a  special  one,  subject  to  the 
law  as  laid  down  by  the  Court.  The  Court  said 
they  were  certainly  at  liberty  to  give  in  a  special 
verdict  upon  the  principles  set  forth ;  but  that 
care  must  be  taken  in  wording  such  verdict,  to 
enable  the  Court  to  proceed  upon  principles  of 
law.  When  the  special  verdict  was  brought  in,  it 
appeared  that  the  jury  had  acquitted  the  prisoners 
of  everything  like  malicious  intention  ;  when  the 
Court  observed  that  they  had  acquitted  the 
prisoners  of  that  which  constituted  the  essence 
of  murder  ;  but  it  was  of  opinion  that  such  a 
special  verdict  could  not,  agreeably  to  law,  be 
recorded — that  the  jurors  must  reconsider,  and 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAY  28,  1021. 


if  they  were  satisfied  no  malice  existed  on  the  part 
of  the  prisoners,  they  must  then  find  them  guilty 
of  manslaughter,  or  acquit  them  altogether.  The 
jury  then  retired  for  about  twenty  minutes,  and 
returned  with  a  verdict  of  "  Not  Guilty." 

The  verdict  was  received  with  acclamations 
of  applause  by  a  crowded  Court,  and  the  parties 
having  been  discharged,  retired  amidst  the  con- 
gratulations of  their  friends. 

H.  E.  RUDKIN,  Major. 

Wallingford. 


ALDEBURGH. 

EXTRACTS   FROM  CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 

(See  ante,  pp.  163,  224.  265,  305,343,387.) 
16     PAYMENTS.     29 

"  THE  Regester  Booke  "  box,  with  its  three 

locks,  is  probably  the  one  now  in  the  Moot 

Hall;  the  early  sixteenth -century  iron-bound 

chest  under  the  tower  at  the  west  entrance 

to  the  Church  (also  with  three  locks),  from 

its  size,  was  more  likely  to  have  heen  used 

for  storing  church  linen,  &c. 
February. 

Paid  Bobt  Pye  the  Constable  february  25  for 
6  mens  wags  one  night  to  watch  e  at  the 
fayer    . .          . .  . .          . .  . .      00  03  00 

Aprill. 

To  John  Boothe  for  f reshe  fishe  and  oisters 
when    mr    Bivett    was    in    Towne    about 
seasinge  for  the  subsidie  in  Aprill  1629    00  06  08 
for  pfume  and  frankensence  at  Christines 
to  Jo  :    Urvis. .  . .          . .  . .      00  01  08  j 

May. 

To  Edward  Gowldine  for  an  iron  for  one  of 

the  bells  . .      00  00  08 

more  to  him  for  4  keyes  used  in  the 
Church,  3  for  the  box  where  the  Rsgester 
booke  was  kept  and  one  for  the  poore  mens 
box 00  01  04 

To  mr  Thomas  Johnson  that  he  laid  out  at 
London  for  A  capp  and  hoode  for 
mr  Taplie  .  .  . .  .  .  02  13  08 

To  John  Cooke  in  pt  for  a  wache  house  set 
up  at  the  beacon      . .  . .  . .      01  00  00 

June. 

To  Willm  Baldwine  June  I  for  dynner  when 
we  trayned  Ap.  6  ..  ..  ..  00  09  06 

more  for  one  quart  of  wine  then  and  for  beere 
after  dynner 00  03  06 

Paid  unto  Willm  Baldwine  for  dynner  for 
10  men  on  the  first  drift  day  .  .  00  08  04 

more  for  one  quart  of  wyne  and  for  bread  and 

beere  before  dynner  the  same  day. .      00  02  OS  j 

Paid  for  help  to  emptie  a  barrell  of  tarr  at 
Slaughton  and  to  bring  a  kittle  of  tarr 
to  the  storehouse  in  the  mket  . .  00  00  04  j 

To  John  Taylor  June  12  for  cariage  of 
things  to  the  Towne  house  when  the  vault 
was  made  . .  00  06  04" 


Paid  to  Matthew  Fickett  for  tymber  and 
planke  for  the  vault  in  the  store 
house  .  .  . .  . .  . .  .  .  01  01  00 

Paid  mr  Thomas  Sherewood  Sir  Willm  Withe- 
pole  his  Baylif  for  Rent  for  the  f erye  for  one 
yeere  due  March  25,  1629  ..  ..  01  00  00 

To  Goodwife  Titsall  for  bread  and  beere  sent 
to  the  Towne  house  when  the  vault  was 
making  . .  . .  . .  . .      00  00  06 

July. 

To  the  Constables  to  carry  an  Irisheman  out  of 
towne  . .  . .  .  .'         . .          . .      00  00  06 

August. 

To  the  Constables  for  the  Towne  lands 
towards  the  provision  for  the  Kings 
househould  .  .  .  .  . .  . .  00  05  00 

Paid  unto  Mr  Taplie  for  a  fyne  to  give  leave 
to  decay  Fowlers  house  .  .  . .  00  10  00 

more  to  mr  Alexander  the  Steward  for 
entring  the  Licence 00  02  00 

To  Andrewes  for  setting  stones  in  the 
market  . .  . .  . .  ..  00  00  OB 

For  settine  in  a  stulp  at  the  seate  about 
the  stocks  and  for  the  stulp  and 
nayles  . .  00  00  06 

For  a  Bellrope  for  the  Markett  Bell  . .      00  00  03 

To  willm  Bardwell  for  dynner  August  the  last 
when  the  Shereif  was  heere  to  inquire  for 
forfaited  bands  for  the  Kinge          ..      01  01  00 
September. 

For  russhes  for  the  Towne  hall  on  the  Election 
day ...  00  00  08 

To  Willm  Baldwin  for  dynner  on  the  Election 
day  . .  . .  . .  02  09  00 

more  then  for  wyne  and  Oysters        . .      00  09  06- 
October. 

Paid  for  4  men  and  a  boate  hire  to  fetche 
two  ketche  maisters  a  shore  to  pay  for  sbott 
and  powder  that  was  spent  in  defendinge 
them  from  A  Dunkerke  August  21th      00  05  Off 
November. 

Paid  Henry  Bullen  for  certen  Cloathes  that 
were  Thorps  wives  . .  . .  ...  00  10  00- 

To       George       Nun      for      the      Sargeants 

Cloaks..  ..  03  12  00 

December. 

To  Walter  Ashley  for  making  of  two  Cloaks 
for  the  Sargeants 00  04  OS 

Paid  Charles  warne  for  thre  gunsticks  for  the 
Towne  muskets  00  00  06 

more  to  him  for  making  of  a  money  box  for 
the  Churchwardens 00  01  00 

Paid  unto  mr  Baylif  Bence  for  A  pcell  of 
ground  bought  of  him  by  the  Towne  02  00  00 

Paid  more  unto  him  for  Two  thowsand  of 
bricks  used  about  the  vault  in  the  store- 
house and  in  other  places  the  some  of  01  12  00 

16     PAYMENTS.     30 

Great  difficulty  in  obtaining  corn  in  this 
and  the  following  year.  In  the  "  Copy  Book 
of  Letters  "  written  to  and  from  the  Cor- 
poration under  date  June  14,  1631,  is  the 
certificate  of  the  Bailiffs  to  the  High  Sheriff 
of  the  execution  of  several  books  of  orders 
from  the  King,  concerning  dearth  and  price 
of  corn,  the  keeping  watch  and  ward,  &c* 


12  S.V1II.  MAY  28,  1921.]         NOTES    AND     QUERIES. 


427 


The  prices  given  are  vii8  per  bushel  f or  | 
wheat ;  v*>  for  rye ;  and  iiiis  via  for 
barley. 

Heavy  charges  were  incurred  this  year  in 
building  the  "  Lucorne "  on  the  Church 
tower.  This  seems  to  have  been  a  large  and 
well-built  watch-house — put  up,  probably, 
on  account  of  the  attacks  of  the  "  Dun- 1 
kerkers,"  several  Aldeburgh  boats  having 
been  lately  attacked  close  to  the  town. 

January.  >.     , . 

Paid  for  mens  help  and  boate  hire  to  fetche  a 
ketche  maistr  ashore  (that  was  chased  with 
a  Dunerke)  to  pay  for  powder  and  shott, 
and  for  carrying  him  aboard  againe     00  02  00 

February. 

To  Gowldinge  for  3  iron  bars  for  the  Church 
windowes        . .          . .          . .  . .      00  01  01 

March. 

For  a  purse  for  the  Townes  use       . .      00  00  04 
Paid  mr  Shipman  money  that  he  laid  out  for 
burreinge  of  a  Souldier  that  died  at  the 
Shephards    house    and    for    other    chargs 
about  the  Widowe  Hindes  her  goods     00  04  07 
Paid  for  pfurne  at  Easter       .  .  .  .      00  01  06 

Aprill. 

Paid    Thomas    Fiske     senr     for    five     newe 
busshells          . .          . .  . .  . .      01  04  00 

4. 

Geven  the  widow  Browne  towards  the  healing 
of  her  hand  . .          . .          . .  00  03  00 

Paid  for  Iron  worke  for  4  water  busshells 

00  16  00 
May. 

To    Thomas     Fiske    sent    for    seizinge     the 
Towne  busshells         . .          . .  00  01  00 

2. 

Paid  Mr.  Edward  Hayward  for  two  Bulls  for 
the  marshe     . .          . .          . .  05  10  00 

June~>2. 
Paid  for  Matts  for  mr  Bayliffs  seats    . .      90  03  06 

24. 
Paid  for  Matts  for  the  24  inferior  burgesses 

seats . .  . .      00  04  06 

July  10. 
Geven  towards  the  burieinge  of  ould  Thomas 

Parker  00  04  00 

Paid    unto    5    men  for  wardinge  at  the 

Townes  ende  on  Donwich  fayre  day     00  02  08 

August. 

To    James    Gowlding    for    a    lock    for    the 
pound  . .          . .          . .  00  00  04 

September. 
Geven  to  13  men  that  were  taken  with  the 

Dunkerks 00  13  00 

7. 

Geven  more  to  the  mrs  mate   . .          . .      00  02  06 
Geven     to     a     woman     that     was     landed 
then 00  02  00 

September. 

More  to   Willm   Baldwine  for  dyet    on  th3 
Election  day  for  63  men       . .          . .      03  03  00 


For  wyne  and  Oysters  then    . .  . .      01  09  00 

More  for  bread  and  beere  before  dynner  and 

after  . .      00  02   06 

26. 
Paid  for  burying  a  man  that  came  ashore 

when  the  Kings  wreck  came  ashore     00  02  00 

October  10. 

To  Francis  Clifford  by  the  apointmt  of  mr 
Baylifs  towards  the  healinge  of  his 
legg  ..  ..  ..  . .  01  00  00 

Paid  unto  mr  Willm  Thomson  senr  to  buy 
Corne  for  the  Townes  use  the  some  of  10  00  00 

Paid  more  unto  mr  Thomson  to  buy 
Corne  . .  . .  15  00  60 

Paid  more  unto  mr  Thomson  to  pay  for  Corne 
for  the  Towne  34  00  00 

Paid  unto  mr  Baylif  Cheney  for  the  same 
use . .  15  00  00 

Paid  Lawrence  Baldrie  for  Bent  for  the 
Ferry  for  Mris  Stanhoope  for  her  £pt  due 
at  St  Michaell  1630  for  one  yeere  and 
half 00  10  00 

Paid  to  men  that  fetcht  an  anckor  wch  was 
left  by  a  hoigh  that  was  taken  against  the 
Towne . .  00  09  06 

Paid  mr  John  Blowers  for  his  sonnes  beatinge 
the  drum  to  set  the  wache  . .  . .  00  09  00 

Novembr. 

To  Gowlding  for  mendinge  the  lock  on 
the  channcell  dore 00  00  05 

Paid  mr  Wall  for  chargs  for  his  Journey  to 
London  about  wastage  for  the  Colliery, 
money  more  then  was  received  upon  the 
tonnage  . .  . .  .  . .  00  10  10 

Lost  by  exchainge  and  want  of  tale  off 
money, that  was  taken  out  of  the  Towne 
Chiest  the  some  of 00  06  06 

16     PAYMENTS.     31 

The  result  of  Charles  Warne's  visit  to 
Kelsale  was  the  pulpit  now  standing  in 
Aldeburgh  Church.  The  new  work  at  Kel- 
sale was  approved — the  pulpits  are  very 
similar  and  are  evidently  from  the  same 
hands. 

January  13. 
To    John    Daniell   for    his    worke  and   stuff 

about      the     whippinge      place     in       the 

Markett  00  02  04 

more  given  to  a  man  that  lost  his  Shipp  00  01  00 
more  given  to  a  man  that  lost  his  ketche  00  00  06 
more  paid  John  Lums  for  healing  a  maids 

legg 00  10  00 

June. 
To  Charles  Warne  for  his  journey   to  kelshall 

to  see  a  pulpitt         00  01  00 

July. 
Geven  to  a  man  that  came  \\h  a  passe      00  01  00 

(Many   entries   of   "  Charges   laid  out    about 

the  Lucorne  on  the  Church  leades  ") 
September. 
Paid    unto    Willm    Bardwell    for    diet      on 

Michaelmes  day  for  58  persons  and   for   a 

great  Pie  sent  forthe  .  .  . .      03  03  00 

More  then  for  wyne        . .  . .  . .      01  02  11 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAY  28,  1921. 


Octob, 

To  George  Nun  for  6  yards  ±  and  3  nailes 
of  broadcloath  at  9s  the  yard  for  2  Cloaks 
for  the  Sarjeants  . .  *  . .  . .  02  1 8 

for  3  yards  and  J  an  ell  of  bayes  for 
them  . .  . .  . .  . .  00  08 

For  Silke  and  stiffiininge  for  the  capes    00  0 1 

for  the  makinge  of  them          . .  . .      00  04 

Novemb. 

To  John  Lunis  for  curinge  sore  heads  and 
leggs  for  poore  people  . .  . .  02  10 

Decemb. 

more  to  him  (Willm  Bardwell)  for  wine 
and  sugar  at  the  vension  feast  . .  01  13 

For  Mris  Thomsons  dynner  then        . .      00  01 

More  for  the  mans  dynner  that  brought  the 
venison  . .  . .  . .  00  01 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 
Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 

(To  be  continued.) 


00 


and  the  inserted  pieces  for  the  true  outline. 
Three  separate  pieces  of  copper,  not  too 
large  for  enamelling,  were  then  coloured 
and  secured  to  the  stone  in  positions 
relatively  correct  with  the  chevron.  These 
are  all  now  firmly  attached  to  the  old  stone 
and  appear  to  be  safe  for  many  years  to 
come. 

The  smaller  shield  still  remaining  was 
small  enough  to  be  enamelled  on  one  piece 
of  metal,  but  no  attempt  at  colouring  the 


BRASS  AT  STOKE  D'ABERNON,  1277 : 
ENAMELLED  SHIELD. — The  brass  to  Sir  John 
Daubernoun  the  elder  holds  a  unique 
position  among  English  brasses  for  more 
than  one  reason.  Not  only  is  it  the  oldest 
existing  brass  in  this  country,  presuming 
the  dedicatory  inscription  at  Ashbourne, 
1241,  to  be  a  later  work  or  copy,  but  it  is 
the  only  brass,  save  a  small  figure  in  the 
Blastings  brass,  showing  a  lance  with  pennon 
attached  ;  the  effigy  is  also  larger  and  bolder 
in  design  than  its  contemporaries.  But 
there  is  a  yet  more  important  difference 
from  its  fellows  to  be  found  in  the  technical 
treatment  of  its  heraldry — "  azure,  a  chev- 
ron, or  " — in  which  vitreous  enamel  instead 
of  some  coloured  pigment  was  used  to 
produce  the  colour  of  the  field,  most  of  the 
original  enamel  still  existing.  There  appears 
to  be  no  other  remnant  of  enamel  before 
the  Carshalton  brass,  c.  1490. 

Enamelling  is  usually  confined  to  small 
surfaces,  and  the  method  adopted  at  Stoke 
to  overcome  the  difficulty  occasioned  by 
the  size  of  the  shield  may  be  of  interest, 
as  this  is  a  matter  not  touched  upon  in 
Haines's  or  any  of  the  usual  reference  books. 
The  accompanying  woodcut  shows  the 
shape  to  which  this  portion  of  the  great 
effigy  was  cut  before  the  shield  was  filled 
in  or  attached.  The  dexter  portion  of  the 
field  was  pierced  through,  leaving  the  pro- 
jecting chevron  as  a  part  of  the  original 
sheet  of  metal,  so  that  the  sinister  and  base 
portions,  cut  away  as  in  the  print,  are 
denuded  of  any  sort  of  outline  or  frame 
to  indicate  the  edge  of  the  shield,  the 
engraver  trusting  to  the  incised  matrix 


pennon  was  made,  the  chevron  being 
engraved  in  outline  only. 

In  each  shield  the  enamel  is  remarkably 
hard,  but  not  brittle,  and  in  fairly  good 
condition  though  well  worn. 

The  shield  of  Sir  John  the  younger  does 
not  retain  the  slightest  remnant  of  colour, 
but  the  roughly  engraved  sunken  surface 
was  evidently  intended  for  the  more  usual 
pitchy  filling  (now  all  gone)  and  not  for 
enamelling,  nor  was  it  cut  away  for  the 
insertion  of  enamelled  plates. 

These  brasses  are  carefully  covered 
with  a  thick  carpet  but  are  always  open  to 
inspection,  which  will  repay  anyone  for  a 
walk  or  ride  from  Leatherhead,  three  miles 
distant.  WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

16,  Long  Acre,  W.C.2. 

PEDESTRIANISM  IN  1818. — Toone,  '  Chr. 
Hist.',  ii.,  pp.  640,  642,  writing  of  this 
year,  has  these  entries  : — 

Feb.  6. — The  greatest  pedestrian  feat  ever 
recorded  was  performed  by  Mr.  Howard,  of 
Knaresford,  who  for  a  wager  of  200  guineas 
walked  600  miles  in  ten  days,  a  task  beyond 
the  powers  of  a  horse. 

May  9. — The  recent  pedestrian  performance  of 
Howard  was  exceeded  by  D.  Crisp,  who  accom- 
plished the  extraordinary  and  unparalleled  under- 
taking of  walking  61  miles  each  day,  for  17 
successive  days  ;  on  the  last  day  he  was  52  minutes 
within  the  given  time,  and  arrived  quite  fresh.  ^ 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


12  S.VIII.  MAY  28,  1921.]        NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


429 


VICAR  ELECTED  BY  BALLOT. — The  elec- 
tion of  a  vicar  by  ballot  and  on  a  statutory 
register  is  an  ultra-modern  development 
of  a  gradually  disappearing  system  which 
deserves  note.  It  is  fully  described  in  the 
following  extract  from  The  Birmingham 
Post  of  May  14  :— 

The  Rev.  P.  Comeau,  senior  curate  at  St. 
James's  Church,  Ashted,  Birmingham,  has  been 
appointed  vicar  of  Baddesley  Ensor,  near  Ather- 
stone,  by  a  poll  of  the  electors  of  the  parish. 

There  were  originally  175  applicants,  many  of 
whom  had  conducted  the  services  and  preached 
at  the  parish  church  on  different  Sundays.  The 
Church  Council  selected  the  following  candidates 
to  go  to  the  poll : —  The  Rev.  P.  Comeau  ;  the 
Rev.  F.  Hunt,  Wednesfield  ;  the  Rev.  T.  Redfern, 
curate-in-charge,  Church  Gresley.  Burton-on- 
Tr?nt ;  and  the  Rev.  N.  T.  Walters,  Langley  Park, 
Durham. 

The  voting  was  by  ballot,  strictly  on  the  new 
register  of  Parliamentary  electors,  and  the  result 
was  as  follows  : — The  Rev.  P.  Comeau,  162  ;  the 
Rev.  Frank  Hunt,  137  :  the  Rev.  T.  Redfern,  9  ; 
the  Rev.  H.  T.  Walters,  3.  Mr.  Comeau  was 
declared  elected.  The  Rural  Dean  (the  Rev.  A.  T. 
Corfield)  attended  the  count  on  behalf  of  the 
Bishop  of  Birmingham. 

The  new  vicar  served  during  the  whole  of  the 
war  as  an  army  chaplain.  The  income  from  the 
living,  which  in  the  past  has  been  a  poor  one,  is 
derived  solely  from  the  Queen  Anne's  Bounty 
Fund  and  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners,  who, 
it  is  understood,  have  arranged  to  augment  their 
grants  so  that  the  stipend  in  future  will  be 
increased  to  about  £400  per  annum  and  house. 

A.  R. 

"  TENANT  IN  CAPITE."  -  The  '  New 
English  Dictionary,'  s.v.  "  Capite,"  notes 
that  word  as  occurring  in  the  phrase  "  tenere 
in  capite,"  which  it  proceeds  to  say,  means 
"to  hold  (of  the  King)  in  chief."  That 
this  is  now  the  sense  in  which  the  phrase 
is  generally  used,  is,  of  course,  obvious. 
It  would,  however,  be  a  matter  of  some  in- 
terest to  ascertain  how  and  when  it  acquired 
its  present  restricted  meaning.  As  long 
as  the  words  were  in  current  use,  in  .feudal 
days,  they  clearly  had,  as  the  following 
examples,  casually  met  with,  show,  no  such 
specific  inference  as  the  '  N.E.LV  gives 
them  : — 

1146.  Charter  of  Robert,  consul  of  Glouc.: — 
".  .  .  quando  haeres  Eudonis  dapiferi  haeredi- 
tatem  suam  recuperaverit,  de  Baiocensi  ecclesia 
et  de  episcopo  haec  .  .  .  feoda  in  capite  tene- 
bit.  .  .  .  Et  haeres  [R.,  Comitis  Cestrae] 
terrain  suam  [in  Normandy]  de  ecclesia  Baioc. 
et  de  ipso  episcopo  in  capite  teneat." — Devises, 
[Sept.],  1146.  (Cartul.  Antiq.  Baioc. — Livre  Noir, 
vol.  i,  No.  41.  Paris,  1902.) 

t.  R.  i.  Hawys  de  Gournay  confirms  to  Walter 
son  of  Thomas  *land  which  Alexander  of  Buddi- 
combe  sold  to  him  .  .to  hold  of  her  and  her 


heirs  in  capite  by  service  of  £  knight. — Madox, 
«  Formul.,'  No.  100. 

13th  c.  Acknowledgment  by  Richard,  Prior 
of  Bruton,  [Som.],  that  he  has  received  the  homage 
of  R.  de  Naylesworth  for  lands  in  Manor  of 
Horselegh,  co.  Glouc.,  "  quas  clamat  tenere  de 
nobis  in  capite." — Ibid.,  No.  22. 

1230.  We  have  pardoned  Rnd.  de  Cerne 
scutage  of  the  5J  knights'  fees  in  Temesford 
and  Clifton  he  held  of  John  de  Bellp  Campo 
in  capite  and  which  said  John  held  of  us  in  capite. 
—Close,  14  H.  3.,  m.  18. 

1232.  Roger,  s.  of  Roger  Waspail  has  fined 
with  King  40  m.  for  the  lands  of  his  late  father, 
who  held  in  capite  of  G.,  late  Earl  of  Gloucester, 
whose  lands  and  heir  are  in  the  King's  custody. — 
Fines,  17  H.  3,  m.  8. 

1284.  The  Bishop  of  Ely  holds  a  tenement  in 
Balsham,  in  Radfield,  of  the  heirs  of  Wm.  de 
Criketot  in  capite. — Feudal  Aids,  Cambs. 

1302.  Sir  Wm.  de  Bovill  holds  (in  Hasketon) 
with  tenants  one  fee  of  the  Earl  of  Herford  in 
capite.  .  .  .  Giles  de  Breuse  holds  (in  same) 
one  fourth  of  a  knight's  fee  of  the  Earl  Marshal 
in  capite.  .  .  .  Sir  John  de  Holbrok  (and 
another)  hold  in  Pleyford  one  fee  of  Sir  Thomas 
de  Clare  in  capite. — Feudal  Aids,  Suffolk. 

1315.  Sir  Hy.  de  Lancaster,  Lord  of  Mon- 
mouth,  confirms  to  nuns  of  Canonleigh,  [Devons.], 
the  Manor  of  Northleigh  which  G.  de  Clare, 
late  Earl  of  Glouc.  and  Herts,  who  held  it  of 
him  in  capite  by  service  of  J  knight,  had  given 
to  them. — Reg.  of  Canonleigh.  Harl.  MS.,  3660, 
fo.  125d. 

1346.  John  Morice  (and  others)  hold  half  a 
fee  hi  Temesford,  of  which  said  John  holds  (a 
fraction)  in  capite  of  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  and 
Hugh  Cappe  holds  j^  of  a  fee  of  John  Creveker 
in  capite. 

The  Prior  of  St.  Neot's  holds  (in  Everton)  |  fee 
of  John  Peverel  in  capite.  Rad.  de  Bayouse 
holds  i  fee  (in  Pertonhale)  of  the  Lady  Isabella, 
Queen  of  England,  in  capite.  .  .  .  John  de 
Clare  holds  ^  fee  (in  Tilbrok)  of  the  Earl  of 
Hertford  in  capite. — Feudal  Aids,  Beds. 

1400.  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  to  the  Sheriff  of 
Glamorgan : — The  King  has  given  to  Peter  de 
Crulle,  his  esquire,  the  land  (<fec.),  late  of  John 
Norreys,  chivaler,  dec.,  in  the  lop.  of  Glamorgan, 
late  tenant  in  capite  of  Thos.  le  Despenser. — 
Letters  of  Henry  IV.,  No. 

From  these  few  examples  it  would  appear 
that  any  person  holding  a  knight's  fee 
integrally,  in  multiple  or  in  part,  from 
another,  was  the  tenant  in  capite  of  that 
other.  L.  GRIFFITH. 

OLD  MAN'S  PERVERSITY. — In  the  second 
book  of  the  '  Siih-kai-kinen-yih-Sian,'  by  Li 
Choh-Wu,  a  celebrated  Chinese  writer 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  we  read  : — 

Kuoh-Fu,  who  nourished  some  time  under  the 
Gung  emperors  (A.D.  960-1279),  enumerated 
the  following  as  the  Ten  Perversities  (Shih-yau) 
of  the  old  man  : — (l)He  well  remembers  remote, 
not  recent  events  ;  (2)  he  correctly  sees  distant, 
not  near  objects  ;  (3)  he  sheds  tears  in  laughing, 
not  in  wailing  ;  ( 4)  he  sleeps  more  in  the  day  than 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAY  28f  102: 


in  the  night;  (5)  he  prefers  walking  above 
sitting;  (6)  he  prefers  hard  to  soft  food;  (7) 
he  holds  his  grandchildren  in  greater  favour 
than  his  immediate  progeny  ;  (8)  he  is  inquisitive 
after  trifling,  not  grave,  affairs;  (9)  he  drinks 
much  tea  but  little  wine;  (10)  he  will  go  out 
more  in  cold  than  in  warm  days.  Men  of  yore 
were  unanimous  in  praising  him  to  have  adroitly 
hit  off  the  symptons  of  senile  aberration. 

I  do  not  know  how  far  the  other  peoples 
agree  with  the  Chinese  in  these  ten  indica- 
tions of  mental  weakness  of  the  old  age. 
The  Japanese  would  seem  to  differ  from  the 
Chinese  in  some  of  them  ;  e.g.,  there  are 
among  them  many  old  persons  disliking 
tea  because  of  its  making  them  sleepless 
(cf.  Muju,  '  Shaseki  Shu,'  A.D.  1283,  tome 
viii.,  ch.  xvi.),  and  their  proverb,  "  Infants 
are  the  wind's  children  and  old  folks  the 
fire's  children,"  is  of  a  meaning  quite  con- 
trary to  the  tenth  Perversity  mentioned 
above. 

KUMAGUSTJ  MlNAKATA. 
Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 

ARMS  or  THE  SEE  OF  BRECHIN. — What  is 
the  correct  field  ?  The  Cathedral  was 
founded  by  King  David  I.  in  1150.  His 
grandson,  David  Earl  of  Huntingdon  (born 
in  1143),  bore  or,  three  piles  in  point  gules. 
The  family  of  Wishart  bore  argent,  three 
piles  in  point  gules.  Alex.  Porteous,  in 
'The  Town  Council  Seats  of  Scotland,' 
says  that  the  natural  son  of  David  of 
Huntingdon,  who  obtained  from  his  father 
the  Lordship  of  Brechin,  "  was,  from  the 
great  slaughter  he  made  among  the  Saracens, 
surnamed  Guishart,  and  from  him  are 
descended  the  families  of  Wishart."  But 
Woodward  and  Burnett  say  there  never 
were  such  persons  as  Wisharts,  Lords  of 
Brechin,  and  that  the  right  tincture  is 
or.  I  find  that  the  Gumming  MS.  gives 
the  tincture  as  argent,  and  this  is  the 
tincture  in  the  Bishop  Forbes  memorial 
window  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Paul, 
Dundee. 

Is  it  possible  that  the  change  from  or 
to  argent  is  a  sign  of  bastardy  ? 

HUGH  J.  LOVIBOND. 
Dundee. 


IDENTIFICATION  OF  ARMS. — What  families 
bore  the  following  arms  (tinctures  not  given) 
in  1500:— 

1.  Party  with  a  lion  counter-coloured. 

2.  A  chevron  with  three  millrind  crosses. 

3.  A  chevron  between  three  martlets  with 
five  cinquefoils  on  the  chief. 

USONA. 

MAGINN  AND  BYRON. — William  Maginn, 
in  a  note  respecting  the  Hellespont  appended 
to  verse  32  of  his  poem,  '  The  Funeral  of 
Achilles,'  states  that  "  Lord  Byron,  in  spite 
of  all  his  boasting,  did  not  perform  the 
feat  of  Leander." 

Is   it    known    whether   Maginn    had    any 
authority  for  this  categorical  assertion  ? 
H.  J.  AYLIFFE. 

17,  Wyndham  Street,  Brighton. 

"  THE  GREY  MARE  is  THE  BETTER 
HORSE." — I.  want  information  about  "  The 
Grey  Mare  is  the  Better  Horse."  I  know  it 
is  in  Hay  wood's  '  Proverbs,'  1546  ;  in 
'  Pryde  and  Abuse  of  Woman,'  155C  ; 
I  and  in  '  The  Marriage  of  True  Wit  and 
Science,'  1569 ;  and  an  older  play,  '  Wyt 
and  Science,'  by  John  Bedford.  It  sprang 
from  some  story.  What  is  the  story  ? 

I  was  told  that  a  crusader  returning 
home  was  given  a  grey  mare  by  a  sheik 
and  was  told  to  turn  her  face  to  the  west 
when  he  unsaddled  her.  One  day  he 
made  a  mistake  and  the  mare  changed  into 
a  woman  who  offered  to  marry  him,  but  the 
prudent  man  said  he  had  a  grey  mare  of 
his  own. 

I  am  quite  sure,  when  I  was  a  child,  I 
I  heard  a  song  about  "  The  Grey  Mare  was 
the  Better  Horse."  It  was  sung  by  a  person 
from  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  and 
her  ancestor  came  from  Cornwall  about 
1630.  A  number  of  Devonshire  and  Cornish 
people  were  sent  over  by  Mason  about  that 
time.  Does  anyone  know  such  a  song  ? 
It  was  evidently  old.  I  can't  recall  it. 
That  crusader  story  is  evidently  an  allusion 
to  some  proverb  or  story. 

I  have  traced  several  proverbs  back  to 
stories  early  in  the  fourteenth  century,  and 
would  like  a  clue  to  this  one.  And  where 
is  that  crusader  story  ? 

M.  J.  CANAVEN. 

133,  West  Springfield  Street,  Boston,  Mass., 
U.S.A. 

[This  was  discussed  at  6  S.  ii.  207,  279  ;  iii.  95  ; 
iv.  138,  233,  256,  316,  456;  v.  96.  Not  much 
to  the  purpose  of  the  above  query  was  elicited.] 


12  S.YITI.  MAT  28,   1021.]        NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


431 


BAKER. — I  should  be  glad  of  any  in- 
formation concerning  the  Major  (or  Colonel) 
Baker  who  was  joint  Governor  of  Derry 
with  Walker  during  the  siege,  and  also 
concerning  his  family. 

E.  GERTRUDE  COCK. 

Ings  Vicarage,  Kendal. 

ENOCH  STERNE. — Collector  of  Wicklow 
and  Clerk  to  the  House  of  Lords  in  Ireland. 
Frequently  mentioned  in  Swift's  *  Journal 
to  Stella.'  I  should  be  glad  of  any  informa- 
tion concerning  him  or  his  family. 

E.  GERTRUDE  COCK. 

Ings  Vicarage,   Kendal. 

"  CHATAUQUA." — What  is  the  exact 
meaning,  and  origin,  of  this  word  ? 

E.  W. 

"  LITTLE  ENGLANDER  " — Who  originated 
this  description  and  to  whom  was  it  first 
applied  ?  E.  W. 

GIBBON  :  REFERENCE  WANTED. — The 
Standard  of  Sept.  24,  1908,  quoted  from 
Gibbon  as  follows  : — 

The  servitude  of  rivers  is  the  noblest  and 
most  important  victory  which  man  has  obtained 
over  the  licentiousness  of  Nature. 

Can  anyone  give  me  the  reference  ? 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

PALESTINE  :  FORT  OF  ST.  GEORGE.— 
During  the  Palestine  campaign,  I  read — 
I  believe  in  The  Times — a  .very  interesting 
account  from  two  officers  relating  to  an 
old  fort  they  found,  connected  with  St. 
George. 

I  have  unfortunately  mislaid  the  cutting. 
Could  any  reader  supply  the  date  ? 

VERA  S.  KEMBALL. 

ENGLISH  APPLES. — In  '  Madame  Geoftrin's 
Salon  and  Her  Times,'  by  Janet  Aldis,  we 
find  that  Count  Caraccioli,  the  Ambassador 
at  the  French  Court  from  Naples,  who  was 
a  heavy  and  inert  man  till  roused  by  the 
company  of  his  friends,  then  became  an 
animated  and  brilliant  talker.  He  detested 
England,  where  he  had  stayed  some  time, 
and  always  referred  to  it  as  a  dreary  country 
of  poor  productions.  He  stated  "  the  only 
ripe  fruit  he  had  tasted  during  his  residence 
in  England  was  ripe  apples."  Was  this 
an  original  remark,  or  is  it  more  often 
credited  to  Gondomar  from  Spain,  who  was 
Ambassador  to  this  country  ? 

\V.  W.  GLENNY. 

Barking,  E 


JOHN  LANGHAM. — Of  Catthorpe,  Leicester- 
shire, born  1691,  died  1766.  Can  anyone 
inform  me  who  his  parents  were  and 
where  he  was  born  ?  (MRS.)  C.  STEPHEN. 

Wootton  Cottage,  Lincoln. 

JAMES  MACBURNEY,  portrait  painter, 
was  the  paternal  grandfather  of  Madame 
d'Arblay.  I  wish  to  ascertain  when  and 
where  he  was  born,  when  he  died,  and  wrhere 
he  was  buried.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

MOUATT. — Alexander  Mouatt  was  ad- 
mitted to  Westminster  School,  Oct.  14, 
1771  ;  Frederick  Mouatt,  March  29,  1773  ; 
and  James  Mouatt,  June  20,  1768.  Any 
information  about  their  parentage  and 
careers  is  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

BERNARD  ANDREWS,  POET  LAUREATE. — 
Brewer's  '  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,' 
after  giving  a  list  of  poets  laureate  appointed 
by  letters  patent,  which  begins  with  Ben 
Jonson,  says  : — "  The  following  are  some- 
times included,  though  not  appointed  by 
letters  patent : — Chaucer,  Gower,  John  Key, 
Bernard,  Skelton,  Rob.  Whittington, 
Richard  Edwards,  Spenser,  and  Sam. 
Daniel."  Who  was  the  Bernard  to  whom 
Brewer  refers  ? 

W.  Toone,  '  Chr.  Hist.'  i.  112,  writing 
of  November,  1486,  records  : — 

The  King  granted  an  annuity  of  ten  marks  to 
Bernard  Andrews,  poet  laureat. 

Who  was  he  ?    JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

"  THE  POOR  CAT  i'  TH'  ADAGE  "     ('  Mac- 
\  beth, '  I.  vii.  45). — The  adage  about  the  cat 
wishing    to    secure    a    fish    but    hesitating 
through  dislike   of  wetting   its   paws,   was, 
\  I     understand,     a     French     proverb.     Are 
there  grounds'  for  believing  it  had  become 
known  to  English  readers  before  the  pub- 
lication  of   '  Macbeth  '  ? 

E.  BASIL  LUPTON. 
10,  Humboldt  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

THE  "  DIEHARDS." — The  distinctive  title 
of  the  Middlesex  Regiment  is  the  "  Die- 
hards,"  and  it  is  claimed  by  them  that  the 
title  began  at  Albuera  in  1811,  where  they 
won  great  honour.  The  name  apparently 
!  has  a  much  earlier  origin  than  that,  for  it 
was  applied  to  the  Earl  of  Dumbarton's 
Foot  when  that  regiment  returned  from 
serving  the  French  king  after  the  Flanders 
campaign,  in  which  Sir  James  Hepburn 
was  killed,  in  1678.  Can  any  reader  state 
the  origin  and  the  reason  for  the  appella- 
tion ?  W.  W.  DRUETT. 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    t,2  s.vm.  MAT  as,  1021. 


DEFOE'S  RELATIONS.- — In  '  The  Christian 
Philosopher  triumphing  over  Death'  (1849), 
Newman  Hall  stated  (p.  21)  that  ';  the  cele- 
brated Daniel  de  Foe  was  remotely  con- 
nected with  the  family  "  of  William  Gordon, 


M.D.,     Kingston-upon-Hull   (1801-49),    who 
:ealt  with  in  the  '  D.N.B.'     What  is  this 


is  dealt 
connexion  ? 


37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C. 


DICKENS 


J.  M.  BTJLLOCH. 


AND  HENRY  VIII. — Froude 
quotes  Charles  Dickens  as  describing  Henry 
VIII.  as  "  a  spot  of  blood  and  grease  upon  the 
page  of  English  history."  What  is  the  full 
quotation  and  its  reference  ?  G.  B.  M. 

[This  was  inquired  for  at  the  end  of  1916,  and 
at  12  S.  iii.  53,  Mr.  J.  MAKEHAM  supplied  the 
reference  :  « Child's  History  of  England,'  end  of 
chap,  xxviii.] 

VERNON  OF  LIVERPOOL. — Can  any  reader 
tell  me  where  I  can  find  an  account  or  pedi- 
gree of  the  Vernons  of  Vernon's  Hall,  Liver- 
pool ?  M.  DE  LA  HAIE. 

SIR  THOMAS  CROOK,  BART. — Can  anyone 
supply  me  with  the  parentage  of  Sir  Thomas 
Crook,  Bart.,  who  settled  in  Ireland  during 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  after  whom 
(according  to  Burke's  '  Extinct  Baronetcies  ') 
Crookhaven  in  the  County  of  Cork  was 
called  ?  He  was  created  a  Baronet  in  1624 
and  apparently  died  without  issue  shortly 
after. 

For  a  number  of  years  I  have  been  collect- 
ing information  for  a  history  of  the  Crook 
families  of  Lancashire,  and  I  am  desirous 
of  knowing  whether  the  above  came  of 
Lancashire  stock  or  not. 

I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  information 
sent  direct  to  this  address. 

F.    CROOKS. 

Eccleston  Park,  Prescot,  Lancashire. 

"  TETHER  BOOK." — I  should  not  trouble 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q. '  if  this  word  was  to 
be  found  in  the  '  Oxford  Dictionary.'  I 
have  searched  several  ordinary  dictionaries, 
both  old  and  modern,  without  result,  and 
I  can  find  nothing  in  the '  Dialect  Dictionary.' 

I  found  it  in  a  bookseller's  catalogue, 
where  one  of  the  items  offered  for  sale  was : — 

A  Tether  book  of  the  different  Copy  and  Free- 
hold Lands  situated  in  the  fields  and  meadows 
in  the  parish  of  Ryall  in  Co.  Rutland,  belonging 

to  Mrs.  W g,  with  the  names  of  the  former 

landlords  of  each  piece  of  ground,  made  out 
May  5,  1779. 

Is  it  likely  to  be  a  ghost -word  or  a  mis- 
print in  the  catalogue  ?  W.  S.  B.  H. 


CIGARETTE  SMOKING. — Is  this,  in  fact,, 
more  pernicious  than  pipe  or  cigar  smoking, 
say  weight  for  weight,  and  excluding 

"  inha.lintr  "   9 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 


inhaling 


'  THE  NEW  JERUSALEM  :  A  HYMN  OF  THE 
OLDEN  TIME.' — I  am  anxious  to  obtain 
information  as  to  the  authorship  of  this 
little  book,  which  was  published  in  Edin- 
burgh in  1852,  by  Johnstone  and  Hunter. 
The  preface  is  dated  "  Kelso,  Feb.,  1852," 
I  but  no  indication  of  the  writer  is  given. 
The  hymn  in  question  is  '  Jerusalem,  my 
happy  home.'  JAMES  BRITTEN. 

LATIN  PROVERB. — Amongst  the  Adagio, 
of  Erasmus  (ed.  1530)  the  following  occurs 
in  those  headed  '  Discriminis  '  :  "In  eadem 
es  navi "  and  is  attributed  to  Cicero.  Where 
is  it  to  be  found  in  that  author  ?  I  presume 
that  our  cognate  proverb,  "  We're  in  th& 
same  boat,"  owes  its  origin  to  that  source 
with  the  addition,  said  to  come  from  a 
facetious  wag,  "  Yes,  but  not  with  the  same 
jpair  of  sculls."  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

GRACE  AMERICA  GLEDHILL  — She  was 
I  daughter  of  Samuel  Gledhill,  Colonel  in 
'the  Army  and  Governor  of  Placentia  (b. 
1677,  d.  17 — ),  by  his  wife  Isabel  Richmond 
i(b.  1679,  d.  1727),  was  born  in  America 
I  (hence  Christian  name);  married  c.  1749 
i  Francis  William  Drake,  and  was  mother  of 
Francis  Henry  Drake  (b.  1756),  6th  Bart. 
!  Is  the  female  name  America  frequent  ? 

I.  F. 

SIR  FRANCIS  BREWSTER.- — Knighted  July 
8,  1670  ;  Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin,  1674. 
Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  give  particulars 
as  to  his  parentage  ?  He  is  presumed  to 
be  of  the  Wrentham  Hall  branch  for  no 
j  better  reason  than  because  his  Christian 
name  frequently  occurs  in  it.  See  Burke's 
'Landed  Gentry'  (supplement),  1849. 
As  against  this  supposition,  I  find  by  his 
will,  proved  in  1740,  that  he  possessed  lands 
called  "  Sathney  near  the  city  of  Chester, 
conveyed  to  me  and  my  heirs  by  Francis 
Gell,  Esqr."  In  1699  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  commissioners  to  take  account 
of  the  forfeited  estates  in  Ireland,  and 
succeeded  in  securing  to  himself  extensive 
lands  in  Co.  Kerry.  He  was  author  of 
pamphlets  on  trade  and  navigation  in  1695 
and  1702.  I  shall  be  extremely  obliged 
for  any  genealogical  information  about  him. 

J.  F.  F. 


12  S.VIII.  MAT  28,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


433 


'THE  FABLE  OF  THE  BEES.' — Will  one 
of  your  readers  tell  me  how  there  came 
to  be  two  editions  of  De  Man.de ville's  famous 
book,  dated  1714  ?  The  two  books  before 
me,  exactly  the  same  in  every  other  particu- 
lar, have  the  following  title  pages  : — 

1.  The  Fable  of  the  Bees;    or  Private  Vices, 
Publick  Benefits.     Containing  Several  Discourses 
to  demonstrate  :    That  Human  Frailties,  during 
the  degeneracy  of  Mankind,   may  be  turn'd  to 
the  advantage  of  the  Civil  Society,  and  made  to 
supply  the  Place  of  Moral  Virtues.     Lux  e  Tenebris'. 
London.     Printed     for  "J.     Roberts,     near     the 
Oxford  Arms  in  Warwick  Lane,  1714. 

2.  The  Fable  of  the  Bees  ;     or  Private  Vices, 
Publick  Benefits.    [Printer's  Ornament.]    London. 
Printed  for  J.   Roberts,  near  the   Oxford  Arms 
in  Warwick  Lane,   1714. 

CLEMENT  SHORTER. 
Great  Missenden,  Bucks. 

MARTIN  (MARTEN). — Pepys  mentions  in  his 
Diary  : — 

1663.     Marten,  author  of  '  Iter  Boreale.' 
1667/8.     Mr.    Martin,    my   purser,    "  who    wrote 

some    things." 
16S7/8.     My    bookseller,    Martin    of    St.    Paul's 

Churchyard. 

Information  wanted  about  the  above 
men,  their  families  and  place  of  origin. 

Had  Dean  Martin  (Marten)  of  Ely  any 
connexion  with  Sussex  ?  A.  E.  MARTEN. 

"  North  Dene,"  Filey,  Yorkshire. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — From  where  comes  this 
quotation  : — • 

"  If  thou  hast  a  friend  go  often  to  see  him, 

Lest  weeds  and  loose  grass     .     .     ." 
No  more  is  known. 

M.  GILBERT. 


Replies. 

"  VENETIAN  WINDOW  " 

(12  S.  viii.  347,416.) 

WHAT    in    England   was    commonly    called 
a   "Venetian  window"   consisted   of    three,1 
lights,    the    middle    one    arched     and     the  \ 
outer  square-headed  and  generally  enriched  • 
with  pilasters  (or  columns)  and  entablature.  | 
Sir   William   Chambers   gives   a   design   by 
Scamozzi  (1552-1616)  and  states  : — • 

The  height  of  the  arched  aperture  is  twice  and 
one  half  its  width  ;  those  on  the  sides  one  half  the 
width  of  that  in  the  middle ;  and  their   height  is  j 
regulated  by  that  of  the  columns. 

Sir  William  did  not  like  Venetian  windows, ! 
and  utterly  condemned  their  repetition  in  I 


the  same  building.  But  he  admitted  that 
on  some  occasions  they  were  necessary, 
particularly  in  small  buildings,  to  light  a  hall, 
a  vestibule,  or  such  other  rooms  as  cannot  admit 
of  two  windows,  and  yet  would  not  be  sufficiently 
lit  with  one.  But  where  they  can  be  avoided  it 
is  best,  for  the  columns  which  separate  the  large 
interval  from  those  on  the  sides  form  such  slender 
partitions  that  at  a  distance  they  are  scarcely 
perceived,  and  the  whole  looks  like  a  large  irregu- 
lar breach  made  in  the  wall  ('  Civil  Arch.,'  ed» 
1825,  p.  363). 

Batty  Langley,  in  '  The  Builder's  and 
Workman's  Treasury  of  Designs '  (1741), 
gives  three  plates  of  Venetian  windows  of 
the  "  Tuscan,  Dorick,  and  lonick  orders  'y 
(plates  dated  1739),  and  remarks  that  these 
windows 

are  most  proper  for  a  grand  Staircase,  Saloon, 
Library,  Chancel  of  a  Church,  &c.,  where  much 
light  is  required  ;  or  for  a  Dining  Room,  &c.,  where 
fine  views  may  be  seen. 

The  query  refers  to  church  windows  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  But  I  think  the 
greater  number  of  English  examples  will  be 
found  to  belong  to  the  eighteenth  century. 
The  "  Venetian  "  form  of  opening  was  well 
adapted  for  the  east  window  of  the  chancel 
of  a  Georgian  church.  When,  as  I  have 
known  it  happen,  the  window  has  been  re- 
moved to  the  nave,  in  order  to  make  wray 
for  a  new  east  window,  it  looks  singularly 
out  of  place. 

William  Kent  used  Venetian-  windows 
freely  at  Holkham,  begun  in  1734. 

F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 

Nicholson's  '  Encyclopedia  of  Architec- 
ture,' 1852,  describes  this  as  a  window  in 
three  separate  apertures,  divided  by  slender 
piers,  and  having  the  centre  aperture  larger 
than  the  side  ones.  At  a  guess  I  would  take 
the  term  to  apply  to  a  classical  form  of 
window  such  as  the  old  books  on  building, 
about  1700-1800,  were  fond  of  copying  from 
Scamozzi,  Vignola  and  the  older  architects. 
ARTHUR  BOWES. 

EPITAPH  IN  LOWESTOFT  CHURCHYARD 
(12  S.  viii.  409).— This  is  a  copy,  with  slight 
alterations,  of  the  epitaph  on  Benjamin 
Franklin,  written  by  himself,  which  reads 
as  follows  : — 

The  body  of  |  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  Printer,  | 
Like  the  cover  of  an  old  book,  |  Its  contents  worn 
out,  |  And  stript  of  its  lettering  and  gilding,  [  Lies 
here  food  for  worms ;  |  Yet  the  work  itself  shall 
not  be  lost,  |  For  it  shall,  as  he  believes,  |  Appear 
once  more  |  In  a  new  |  And  more  beautiful  edition,  | 
Corrected  and  amended  |  By  the  Author. 

F.  J.  A. 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAY  28,  1021. 


THE  MONUMENT  :  «  INGOLDSBY  LEGENDS  ' 
{12  S.  viii.  392). — There  is  an  account  of 
the  Monument  in  that  indispensable  book, 
Haydn's  'Dictionary  of  Dates,'  and  the 
following  extract  answers  this  query  : — 

William  Green,  a  weaver,  fell  from  this  Monu- 
ment, June  25,  1750.  A  man  named  Thomas 
Craddpck,  a  baker,  precipitated  himself  from  its 
summit,  July  7,  1780.  Mr.  Lyon  Levi,  a  Jewish 
diamond  merchant  of  considerable  respectability, 
threw  himself  from  it  Jan.  18,  1810;  as  did 
subsequently  three  other  persons ;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  a  fence  was  placed  round  the 
railing  of  the  gallery  in  1839. 

v  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

Mr.  Lyon  Levi  was  not  the  first  nor  the 
last  individual  to  commit  suicide  by  jumping 
frcm  the  Monument.  There  are  in  all  six 
recorded  cases,  viz.  : — Wm.  Green,  weaver, 
June  25,  1750,  in  whose  case  the  coroner's 
jury  returned  a  verdict  of  accidental  death ; 
Thomas  Cradock,  a  baker,  July  7,  1788; 
L\on  Levi,  January  18,  1810;  Mprgaret 
Moyes,  Sept.  11,  1839  ;  a  boy  named 
Hawes,  Oct.  18,  1839 ;  and  a  girl  of  17 
in  Aug.,  1842.  It  was  after  this  list  incident 
that  the  Monument  was  encaged,  as  it 
no\v  is,  to  obviate  a  recurrence  of  these 
fatalities.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

In  the  annotated  edition  of  '  Ingoldsby 
Legends'  .(1870)  is  the  folkw irg  footnote 
to  '  Misadventures  at  Margate  '  :— 

Leone  Levi,  diamond  merchant,  committed 
suicide  by  throwing  himself  from  the  Monument, 
Jan.  18,  1810.  There  were  six  cases  altogether, 
of  which  his  was  the  second. 

The  above  appears  not  quite  accurate. 
Wheatley's  '  London  Past  and  Present ' 
(vol.  ii.,  p.  559)  contains  the  subjoined  list : — 

William  Green,  a  weaver,  June  25,  1750 ; 
Thomas  Cradock,  a  baker,  July  7,  1788  ;  Lyon 
Levi,  a  Jew,  Jan.  18,  1810;  Margaret  Moyes, 
the  daughter  of  a  .baker  in  St.  Martin's  Lane, 
Sept.  11,  1839;  a  boy  named  Hawes,  Oct.  18, 
1839  ;  and  a  girl  of  the  age  of  seventeen,  in 
Aug.,  1842.  This  kind  of  death  becoming 
popular,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  encage 
and  disfigure  the  Monument  as  we  now  see  it. 

W.  J.  M. 

Many  suicides  occurred  before  1810. 
In  1842  the  gallery  was  enclosed  with  an 
iron  cage ;  vide  Welch,  '  History  of  the 
Monument,'  p.  54.  Broadsides,  plain  or 
coloured,  illustrating  "  the  authentic  par- 
ticulars of  the  most  determined  and  frightful 
suicides  "  were  published.  Lyon  Levy,  or 
Levi,  was  a  diamond  merchant  of  Haydon 
Square.  He  leapt  from  the  east  side 


and  was  picked  up  "  quite  dead  "  near  the 
entrance.  ALECK  ABBAHAMS. 

According  to  Mr.  Charles  Welch's  '  Guide  ' 
to  the  Monument  six  persons  have  committed 
suicide  by  throwing  themselves  from  the 
gallery,  the  last  being  Jane  Cooper,  a  servant 
girl  living  in  Hoxton.  This  was  on  Aug. 
19,  1842,  and  after  it  the  building  was  tem- 
porarily closed  and  the  present  cage  erected. 

F.  W.  THOMAS. 

NAPOLEON  AS  A  CHILD  (12  S.  viii.  391).— 
Louis  Leopold  Boilly,  the  portrait  painter, 
was  born  1761,  and  died  1830.  He  was  only 
seven  years  older  than  Napoleon,  and  it  WPS 
consequently  impossible  for  him  to  have 
painted  an  "  original  contemporary  "  por- 
trait of  "  Napoleon  as  a  Child."  Boilly, 
however,  painted  several  later  portraits  of 
the  great  Emperor  and  also  of  other  members 
of  the  Bonaparte  family,  including  three  of 
Napoleon's  son,  the  "  King  of  Rome," 
exhibited  at  the  Paris  Salon  of  1812-13. 
Captain  Wilberforce-Bell's  picture  is  pro- 
bably a  portrait  of  Napoleon  II.  No  por- 
traits of  Napoleon  or  any  of  his  relatives  were 
exhibited  at  the  Salon,  after  the  Restoration 
of  the  Bourbons,  between  1815  and  1830. 
There  were  several  in  1831,  a  year  after  the 
election  of  the  Orleanist  Louis  Philippe  as 
"  Roi  des  Francais,"  and  Napoleonic  pictures 
have  been  prominent  features  ever  since  that 
period.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

-1,36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

GHOST  STORIES  CONNECTED  WITH  OLD 
LONDON  BRIDGE  (12  S.  viii.  330,  397).— 
The  novelist  probably  referred  to  that 
exceedingly  popular  work  '  Old  London 
Bridge  :  a  Romance  of  the  Sixteenth  Cen- 
tury,' by  G.  Herbert  Rodwell.  This  preserves 
most  of  the  legends  and  traditions  and  has 
many  interesting  illustrations  by  Alfred 
Ashley,  but  I  question  the  identification 
of  "  Ghost  Stories."  Apparently  there  were 
no  parts  of  the  bridge  so  endowed  to  terrify 
the  imaginative. 

The  author  of  this  romance  was  not 
strictly  accurate.  One  of  his  characters, 
Billy  the  Bridge  Shooter,  substitutes  v's 
for  w's  in  his  conversation  after  the  manner 
of  Mr.  "  Samivel  Veller,"  and  many  of  his 
identifications  are  at  fault.  Apparently 
it  was  his  one  great  success,  and  as  late  as 
October,  1856,  was  produced  at  the  Queen's 
Theatre  as  a  Grand  Historical  Drama. 
The  scenery  was  of  exceptional  variety 
and  magnificence.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


12  S.VIIL  MAY  28,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


OLD  LONDON  :  CLOTH  FAIR  (12  S.  viii.  310, 
353). — The  most  useful  history  of  Bartholo- 
mew Fair  is  '  Memories  of  Bartholomew  Fair,' 
by  Henry  Morley,  1858,  but  as  it  and 
this  nucleus  thoroughfare  are  essential  parts 
of  Rahere's  Priory  and  its  developments 
every  work  on  the  Priory  Church  or  Hos- 
pital will  afford  more  or  less  familiar  in- 
formation about  it.  I  am  not  aware  that 
any  of  the  numerous  writers  state,  or  even 
suggest,  that  the  worthy  Prior  "  hit  upon 
the  expedient  of  obtaining  permission 
to  establish  the  fair."  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

SMALLEST  PIG  OF  A  LITTER  (12  S.  viii.  331, 
376,  395,  417).— In  this  part  of  Hampshire 
the  smallest  pig  of  a  litter  is  called  "  the 
darling."  The  'English  Dialect  Dic- 
tionary '  gives  the  following  names  with 
their  counties  : — "  Darling,"  Ireland,  also 
Berkshire,  Kent,  Surrey,  Sussex,  Hampshire 
and  Wiltshire.  Also  in  forms  "  dawlin," 
Surrey  and  Sussex  ;  "  derlin,"  Berkshire  ; 
"  dorling,"  Surrey. 

J.  P.  STILWELL. 

Yateley,    Hants. 

The  Rev.  W.  D.  Parish,  in  his  '  Dictionary 
of  the  Sussex  Dialect,'  has — "  Darling,  or 
dawlin,  the  smallest  pig  of  a  litter  ;  an 
unhealthy  child."  A.  H.  S. 

In  Worcestershire  the  smallest  pig's  name 
was  formerly  "  nisgull." 

W.   H.  QTJARRELL. 

PASTORINI'S  PROPHECIES  (12  S.  viii. 
251,  313,  396).— W.  Carle  ton,  in  his  'Irish 
Peasantry'  (1830),  says  of  the  candidate 
for  Maynooth  ('  Going  to  Maynooth,'  p. 
438) : — "  He  was  a  great  historian,  a  per- 
plexing controversialist,  deeply  read  in 
Dr.  Gallagher  and  Pastorini "  ;  and  an 
illiterate  peasant  says  of  the  candidate 
(ibid.,  p.  460) : — "  Doesn't  myself  remimber 
him  puttin'  the  explanations  to  Pasthorini  ?  " 

H.  C— x. 

SINGING  BREAD  (12  S.  viii.  269,  297,  333, 
374). — The  following  entries  are  taken 
from  an  inventory  of  jewels,  plate,  &c., 
in  York  Cathedral  in  the  time  of  King 
Edward  VI. : — 

A  Box  for  Singing  Bread  Silver  Guilt  .  .      11 
A  Box  for  Singing  Bread  Silver  . .  . .      10 

A  Box  for  Singing  Bread  of  Silver     . .        5 
THOS.  SEYMOUR. 
Newton  Road  Oxford. 


"NOTHING  BUT  THEIR  EYES  TO  WEEP 
WITH  "  (12  S.  viii.  228,  316).— I  write  to  say 
that  I  was  a  constant  reader  of  the  news- 
papers during  our  Civil  War,  but  I  never 
heard  the  saying,  "  leaving  the  people  nothing 
but  their  eyes  to  weep  with,"  attributed  ta 
either  General  Sheridan  or  General  Sherman 
until  the  recent  World  War. 

CHARLES  E.  STRATTON. 

Boston,  U.S.A. 

To  whatever  person  or  date  we  are  to 
assign  the  maxim  which  bids  us  leave  the 
conquered  nothing  but  their  eyes  to  weep 
with,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  is  a 
picturesque  development  of  an  earlier 
proverb. 

Cognatus  in  his  '  Adagia,'  printed  at  the 
end  of  the  1574  edition  of  Erasmus's 
'  Chiliades,'  has,  in  '  Centuria,'  ii.,  No.  176, 
under  the  heading  '  Praeter  plorare  nihil '  : — 

Haec  vox  pervagata,  proverbiique  vim 
habet  hodie  apud  Gallos.  Praeter  plorare 
nihil  relictum. — Horat.  in  5  Satyra,  lib.  2. 

The  reference  is  to 

Invenietque 
Nil  sibi  legatum  praeter  plorare  suisque. 

Horace,  Sat.  II.  v.  68,  69. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

[It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  Balzac 
makes  Grandet  use  this  expression.  When 
Eugenie,  having  heard  of  her  uncle's  bankruptcy 
and  suicide,  asks  what  is  the  meaning  of  "  bank- 
ruptcy," Grandet  says  : — "  Faire  faillite  est 
un  vol  que  la  loi  prend  malheureusement  sous  sa 
protection.  Des  gens  ont  donne  leurs  denrees  a 
Guillaume  Grandet,  sur  sa  reputation  d'honneur 
et  de  probite  ;  puis  il  a  tout  pris,  et  ne  leur  laisse 
que  les  yeux  pour  pleurer." — *  Eugenie  Grandet.'] 

RIGHTS  AND  DUTIES  OF  FUNCTIONARIES 
(12  S.  viii.  347). — (b)  Gustos  Rotulorum. 
He  is  the  principal  civil  officer  and  repre- 
sentative of  the  Crown  in  the  county.  .  He 
is  appointed  by  the  Sovereign  by  com- 
mission from  the  Lord  Chancellor,  and 
must  be  one  of  the  justices  assigned  to  the 
Commission  of  the  Peace.  He  has  the  titular 
custody  of  the  County  records  and  those 
of  quarter  sessions  and  is  entitled  to  exercise 
his  office  by  deputy.  In  practice  the  office  is 
usually  united  with  that  of  Lord-Lieutenant. 
Formerly  the  Gustos  Rotulorum  had  the 
right  to  appoint  the  clerk  of  the  peace,  who 
in  counties  is,  as  his  deputy,  the  actual 
custodian  of  the  records  and  documents. 
See  Halsbury's  '  Laws  of  England,'  xix., 
pp.  343,  624,  where  references  to  the 
statutes  governing  the  subject  are  given. 

(d)  Board  of  Green  Cloth.  See  Coke's 
'  Fourth  Institute,'  13L  R.  S.  B. 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  S.VIIL  MAY  as,  mi. 


LANCASHIRE  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (12  S. 
viii.  227,  375). — Various  members  of  the 
Vause  family  filled  township  offices  at 
Blackrod  up  to  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  Vause  House  is  still  standing  in 
the  centre  of  the  village,  but  the  family 
appear  to  have  died  out  locally.  One  of  the 
last  of  the  name,  John  Vause,  M.D.,  was 
Mayor  of  Wigan  in  the  year  1800.  His 
name  is  perpetuated  on  certain  ornamental 
Liverpool  pottery  jugs  which  were  struck 
at  the  time  to  commemorate  "  the  glorious 
4th  of  October,  1800,  when  the  Borough  of 
Wigan  was  emancipated  by  sixteen  Inde- 
pendent Burgesses,"  whose  names  are  also 
inscribed  thereon.  Sir  Robert  Holt  Leigh 
•was  one  of  the  sixteen  burgesses.  Dr. 
Vause  had  a  son  who  later  became  a  Church 
of  England  minister  in  London.  A. 

WINE  NAMES  (12  S.  viii.  332,  398).— 
Tinta  and  Vin  de  Vierge  are  doubtless 
intended  for  the  Portuguese  Vinho  tinto 
(red  wine)  and  Vinho  virgem,  common  table 
wines  of  the  country  :  cf.  Virgin  Marsala. 

Chateau  Leoville  and  Leoville  Barton  can 
hardly  be  classed  as  inferior  wines  ! 

F.  D.  HARFORD. 

BLOUNT  OF  LINCOLNSHIRE  (12  S.  viii.  210, 
278). — MR.  H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS  is  thanked  for 
his  reply.     In  the  '  Diary  of  Gov.  Thomas 
Hutchinson,'  edited  by  P.   O.  Hutchinson,  | 
a  Blount-Marbury  pedigree  is  given,  quoted .j 
from    a    Visitation    of    Lines.     This    gives  j 
Thomas  Blount,  the  son  Robert,  and  three ; 
daughters  by  his  first  wife,  Anne,  daughter 
of    Sir    J.  Hawleyt.     Information    of    this 
family  of  Halley,  Hawley,  or  Hawleyt  will 
be  appreciated.  C.  B.  A. 

EOXHOUNDS  (12  S.  viii.  391). — An  ex- 
haustive account  of  foxhounds  throughout 
the  country  will  be  found  in  '  Dogs,'  by 
Well-Known  Authorities,  edited  by  Harding 
Cox,  5  vols.,  London,  1908.  The  second 
volume  deals  with  Hounds  and  Coursing 
Dogs,  and  chap,  xiii.,  p.  108,  particularly 
with  the  Craven  country,  but  unfortunately 
gives  no  dates. 

Does  anyone  know  whether  vols.  iii. 
to  v.  of  this  fine  work  have  ever  been  pub- 
lished ?  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

EARLY  STAGE-COACHES  (12  S.  viii. 
392).— Mr.  Chas.  G.  Harper's  book,  «  Stage- 
Coach  and  Mail  in  Days  of  Yore'  (2  vols.), 
would  probably  give  your  correspondent 
the  information  he  requires.  F.  CROOKS. 


TAVERN  SIGNS — "  FLYING  SCUD  "  (12  S.  viii. 
170,  236,  276,  313,  354,  375,  417).— There  were 
three  race -horses  named  "  Flying  Scud  "  : — 
(1)  a  bay  colt,  foaled  in  1864,  by  Orlando, 
out  of  Gossamer,  by  Birdcatcher ;  (2)  a 
bay  colt,  foaled  1865,  by  Knight  of  Kars, 
out  of  Prelude,  by  Touchstone  ;  (3)  a  bay 
filly,  foaled  1887,  by  Foxhall,  out  of  North 
Wind,  by  North  Lincoln. 

W.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

G.  A.  COOKE  AND  HIS  COUNTY  ITINERA- 
RIES (12  S.  viii.  393). — The  little  volumes 
described  by  your  correspondent  formed 
part  of  the  author's  '  Topography  of  Great 
Britain ;  or,  British  Traveller's  Pocket 
Directory  ;  being  an  accurate  and  compre- 
hensive topographical  and  statistical  de- 
scription of  all  the  Counties  in  England, 
Scotland  and  Wales,  with  the  Adjacent 
Islands :  illustrated  with  Maps  of  the 
Counties,  which  form  a  Complete  British 
Atlas.'  Vol.  ii.,  which  I  possess,  contains 
Somersetshire  (180  pp.)  and  Dorsetshire 
(160  pp.),  each  with  its  own  title  page  and 
index  and  separately  paginated.  While 
the  volume  title  page  is  undated,  that  to 
the  Somerset  section  (apparently  the  first 
edition)  bears  the  date  1820.  The  work 
was  "  printed  by  assignment  from  the 
executors  of  the  late  C.  Cooke,"  and  a  note 
at  the  foot  of  each  map  states  that  "  The 
Cities  and  County  Towns  are  denoted  by 
red,  and  the  respective  Hundreds  of  the 
County  by  different  Colours,  which  distinc- 
tions are  peculiar  to  the  Superior  Edition." 
This  superior  edition  I  have  never  seen. 

FRED.  R.  GALE. 
Selby,  Marsham  Way,  Gerrards  Cross,  Bucks. 

These  popular  little  English  county 
histories  in  brief  were  issued  at  a  low  price 
in  printed  paper  covers  and  had  a  large 
sale.  They  are  often  met  with  in  anti- 
quarian bookshops,  and  occasionally  figure 
in  booksellers'  topographical  lists. 

W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

COCO-NUT  CUP  (12  S.  viii.  330,  395).— 
John  Sendale,  Canon  of  York  and  of  Ripon, 
left  in  his  will  (1467)  "  unum  parvum 
ciphum  vocatum  le  nutt,"  and  a  will  in 
'  Testamenta  Vetusta,'  p.  365,  mentions 
"  a  standyng  gilt  nutt  " — '  Ripon  Chapter 
Acts,'  Surtees  Soc.,  vol.  Ixiv,  p.  234.  I  have 
a  reference  to  Archceologia,  xlvii.  58  n, 
and,  for  a  very  fine  one  at  Eton  College, 
c.  1510,  to  the  Proceedings  of  Soc.  Antiq., 
2  ser.  xvi.  248.  J.  T.  F. 

Winter-ton,    Lines. 


12  s.viii.  MAY  28,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


RICE  (12  S.  viii.  391).  —  Some  50  years 
ago,  when  I  used  to  attend  the  out-  j 
patient  room  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  it ! 
was  not  uncommon  to  be  consulted  by  j 
young  women  complaining  of  indigestion, ; 
whose  faces  exhibited  a  remarkable  (and ! 
<quite  unmistakable)  waxy  pallor,  which  I 
it  was  well  known  could  be  produced  by 
Beating  dry  starch.  It  was  not  always  easy 
to  prevail  upon  them  to  give  up  the  practice, 
but  how  long  the  waxy  condition  of  the 
complexion  lasted  I  cannot  say. 

F.  H.  H.  GUILLEMARD. 

Cambridge. 

Lamery's  '  Foods  and  Drinkables '  (3rd 
<ed.,  1745),  at  p.  89,  says  :— 

Rice  is  softening,  thickens  the  Humours, 
moderates  a  Looseness,  increases  Seed,  repairs 
And  supplies  the  Parts  of  the  Body  with  good 
Nourishment,  stops  spitting  of  Blood,  and  is 
good  for  phthisical  and  consumptive  persons. 

William  Buchan,  M.D.,  in  his  '  Domestic 
Medicine'  (15th  ed.,  1797),  at  p.  657, 
remarks : — 

The  people  of  this   country  believe  that  rice  j 
proves    injurious    to    the     eyes,    but    this    seems 
to  be  without  foundation,  as   it  has  no  such  effect 
on  those  who  make  it  the    principal  part  of  their 
food. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

LlDDELL     AND      SCOTT'S       GREEK-ENGLISH 

LEXICON  (12  S.  viii.  119,  158,  338).— MB.  J. 
CLARE  HUDSON  asks  for  the  source  of  the  Latin 
quotation  which  defines  the  lexicographer's 
task  as  the  heaviest  penalty  that  a  convict 
can  undergo  : — 

Condendaque  Lexica  mandat 
Damnatis — poenam  pro  poenis  omnibus  unam. 

Precisely  the  same  thought  is  expressed 
in  six  lines  of  Joseph  Scaliger's  : — 
Si  quern  dira  manet  sententia  iudicis  olim 

Damnatum  aerumnis  suppliciisque  caput, 
Hunc  neque  fabrili  lassent  ergastula  massa 

Nee  rigidas  vexent  fossa  metalla  manus  : 
Lexica  contexat,  nam  cetera  quid  moror  ?     Omnes 

Poenarum  facies  hie  labor  unus  habet. 

'  Silva  variorum  carminum,'  xxxix. 

The  title  in  Scaliger's  '  Poemata '  makes 
this  epigram  refer  to  his  Arabic  lexicon, 
though  I  have  somewhere  seen  it  stated  that 
his  laborious  Indices  to  Gruter's  Collection 
of  Latin  Inscriptions  were  the  inspiring 
cause.  Scaliger's  verses  are  appositely 
quoted  by  Professor  Weekley  on  p.  xi.  of 
his  '  Etymological  Dictionary  of  Modern 
English'  (1921).  It  would  be  interesting 
to  ascertain  their  connexion  with  the 
passage  cited  by  Mr.  Hudson.  Is  it  a  case 


of  imitation  or  have^both  descriptions  a 
common  source  ?  Casaubon,  too,  it  may 
be  remembered,  compared  his  drudgery 
over  Athenaeus  to  "  catenati  in  ergastulo 
labores."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

"  REX      ILLITERATES     EST      ASINUS     CORO- 

NATUS"  (12  S.  viii.  68). — These  words  have,  as 
MR.  G.  H.  WHITE  suggests,  been  attributed 
to  more  than  one  personage,  who  may  be 
repeating  a  proverbial  saying.  The  follow- 
ing is  found  in  John  of  Salisbury's  '  Poli- 
craticus,'  lib.  iv.,  cap.  vi.,  about  three-fifths 
through  : — 

Unde  et  in  litteris,  quas  regem  Romanorum 
ad  Francorum  regem  transmisisse  recolo,  quibus 
hortabatur  ut  liberos  suos  liberalibus  disciplinis 
institui  procuraret,  hoc  inter  cetera  eleganter 
adiecit,  quia  rex  illiteratus  est  quasi  asinus 
coronatus. 

Mr.  C.  C.  J.  Webb,  in  his  edition  of  the 
'  Policraticus,'  refers  to  Perth's  '  Monu- 
menta  Germaniae  Historica,'  vol.  xxvii., 
p.  45,  where  R.  Pauli  has  this  note  : — 

Literae  a  Conrado  III.  ad  Ludoyicum  VII. 
directae,  hodie  deperditae. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

VAN  DER  DOES  (12  S.  viii.  392). — '« 
Huyster  Does  on  the  stream  named  Does — 
ter  means  atte=at  the — at  Leyderdorp,  a 
village  near  Ley  den,  in  the  Countyjof  Holland, 
was  for  more  than  three  centuries  the  seat 
of  the  family  of  van  der  Does,  who  derived 
from  it  its  name. 

The  last  of  them  to  own  it  was  Jonkheer 
Pieter  van  der  Does,  Admiral  of  Holland, 
who  died  in  1599. 

See  S.  van  Leeuwen,  '  Batavia  Illus- 
trata,'  The  Hague,  1685,  p.  1259. 

The  house  of  ter  Does  seems  to  have  been 
a  manor  house  of  some  importance. 

The  family  held  a  prominent  position 
in  the  Netherlands  and  produced  more  than 
one  man  of  eminence.  Foremost  amongst 
them  was  the  great  scholar  and  prolific 
writer  Janus  Dousa  (1545-1604),  who,  after 
the  vogue  prevalent  amongst  the  learned 
in  his  time,  latinized  his  name.  Numerous 
books  of  reference  in  the  British  Museum 
Library  will  give  the  querist  pedigrees 
and  detailed  information  concerning  the 
most  prominent  members  of  the  family. 
Also  concerning  the  cradle  of  the  family 
more  details  could  be  gleaned. 

W.  DEL  COURT. 

47,  Blenheim  Crescent,  W.ll. 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAY  28,  1021. 


PAUL  LUCAS  :  His  '  JOURNEY  THBOUGH 
ASIA  MINOR'  (12  S.  viii.  348,  398).  —  Prince 
Ibrahim  -Hilmy,  in  his  '  Literature  of  Egypt 
and  the  Soudan,'  vol.  i.,  1886,  catalogues 
and  gives  summaries  of  the  contents  of 
the  following  editions  of  Sieur  Paul  Lucas's 
travel-works,  which  relate  to  three  separate 
voyages  or  journeys  :  — 

(Premier)  Voyage  au  Levant  (depuis  1'annee 
1699  jusqu'en  1703).  Tome  I,  (Redige  par 
Baudelot  deDairval,)  Paris,  1704  12mo.  Figures 


matieres  '  from  The  Hague  edition  of  1705,  it 
is  evident  that  this  is  the  one  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Nouvelle     edition,     revue     et    corrigee.     Paris  i 
(Simat),   1714,    12mo. 

German   editions.     Hamburg,    1707,    1708  and  i 
1709,  8vo. 

(Second)     Voyage,     1'an     1704-1708,     dans     la 
Grece,  1'Asie  Mineure,  la  Macedoine  et  1'Afrique.  j 
Ouvrage   ecrit  en  collaboration  avec   Fourmont. 
Paris,    1710,    1712,    1714,     2   vols.,   12mo;     Am-; 
sterdam,  1714,  1715,  3  vols.,  8vo. 

German   editions.     Hamburg,    n.d.,   and    1715,1 
8vo. 

(Troisieme)  Voyage,  fait  en  1714  jusqu'a ! 
1717.  .  .  En  collaboration  avec  1' Abbe  Banier.  \ 
Rouen  &  Paris,  1719,  3  vols.,  12mo  ;  Am- i 
sterdam.  1720,  2  vols.,  12mo;  Rouen,  1723, 
2  vols.,  12mo  ;  Paris,  1724,  2  vols.,  12mo  ;  '< 
avec  figures,  Rouen,  1728,  3  vols.,  12mo. 

German  edition.     Hamburg,  1721-22,  8vo. 

The    German    writers,    J.     B.     Homann 
('JSgyptus   Hodierna,'  Norimbergae,  1715?) 
and    Theophil    Freidrich    Ehrmann    ('  Ges- 
chichte  der  merkwiirdigsten  Reisen,'  Frank- 
furt-am-Main,    1798),    republished   extracts! 
of    Lucas's   travels,    but    there    appears    to- 
have     been    no    English    translation.     We 
had  no  "  entente  cordiale  "  then  ! 

The  library  of  the  Royal  Geographical 
Society,  Kensington  Gore,  London,  con- 
tains the  following  editions  : — '  Voyage  au 
Levant,'  The  Hague,  1709  ;  c  Voyage  dans  : 
la  Grece,'  &c.,  Paris,  1712;  and  'Voyage 
fait  en  1714,'  &c.,  Amsterdam,  1720. 

FREDK.   A.   EDWARDS. 

SIR  HENRY  COLET  (12  S.  viii.  398). — MB. 
STOCKER  called  attention  to  the  fact  (literally, 
but  only  literally  true)  that  Dr.  Sharpe's 
account  of  Sir  Henry  Colet's  civil  offices 
does  not  quite  correspond  to  that  in  my 
'  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  London.'  We 
are  both  absolutely  correct  in  our  facts  and 
dates.  The  only  difference  is  that  Dr. 
Sharpe  ('  London  and  the  Kingdom,'  vol.  i. 
348,  349)  has  named  only  three  of  the 
wards  which  Colet  represented  in  the  Court 
of  Aldermen,  and  these  without  dates, 
whereas  I  have  given  all  four  with  dates. 


We  agree  as  to  the  dates  of  his  Shrievalty 
and  Mayoralty.  I  know  nothing  of  How- 
lett's  '  Monumenta  Franciscana/  which 
Mr.  Stocker  quotes  as  "confirming"  the' 
erroneous  date  (1474)  of  Colet's  Shrievalty, 
and  with  this  specimen  of  its  accuracy 
before  me  I  shall  not  consult  it.  The 
Mayor  during  the  Shrievalty  of  Stocker 
and  Colet  (1477/8)  was  Humphrey  Hayford 
(not  "  Layford  "  as  printed  by  Mr.  Stocker), 
and  nerbher  that  year  nor  the  one  given 
^  Hewlett  oWcouM  by  any  freal-  of 
computation  be  held  to  represent  "Henry  VI., 
17."  The  election  of  Hayford  is  recorded 
in  Letter  Book,  fo.  130,  that  of  Stokker 
(«  Stocker  ")  and  Colet  at  fo.  129b  of  the 
same—  in  Dr.  Sharpe's  printed  Calendar  at 
PP-  152,  151,  under  dates  Oct.  13,  Sept.  29, 
1477,  respectively. 

j)r.  Sharpe  certainly  does  not  record 
*£•  Stocker  quotes)  that  Henry  Colet 
was  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  He  writes  quite 
accurately  (few  writers  have  the  gift  of 
accuracy  so  strongly  developed  as  Dr. 
Sharpe)  that  he  was  "  father  of  John  Colet, 
-pj^  f  of  pnili»Q  >»  ATT™^™  R^AA^XT 

-Ueran  °.*  b,t<  ^aul  S'  ALFRED  J5EAVEN. 

Leamington. 

p.S.  —  Dr.  Sharpe's  omission  of  Colet's 
tenure  of.  the  Aldermanry  of  Bassishaw 
(1478.82)  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that 
it  ig  not  recorded  with  h^  other  Aldermanries 
^  the  original  edition  of  the  •  D.N.B.,'  though 
|t  hag  ^  added  (on  information)  in 

the    corrigenda    volume    and    in    the    later 
editi       w^ich  was  issued  after  Dr.  Sharpe>s 


YEAR  1000  A.D.  (12  S.  viii.  369).— 
There  is  no  truth  in  the  assertion  of  M.  de 
Pas  that  the  existence  of  a  belief  that  the 

would  end  in  the  year  1000  A.D.  is  a 
,  elaborated  by  modern  historians. 

is  sufficient  documentary  evidence  to 
prove  that  there  was  a  widespread  expecta- 
tion of  the  consummation  of  all  things,  but 
this  expectation  may  have  been  local  and 
spasmodic  rather  than  universal.  Thus, 
in  a  Council  held  in  909  it  was  affirmed  that 
Christ  was  coming  soon  in  terrible  majesty, 
and  that  all  shepherds  with  their  flocks 
would  have  to  appear  before  the  eternal 
Shepherd  himself.  Again,  in  960,  a  hermit 
in  Thuringia  predicted  the  approaching 
catastrophe,  and  in  990  a  sermon  was 
preached ,  in  Paris  on  the  same  subject. 
Godellus  tells  us  that  "  anno  domini  M. 
.  .  .  timer  et  moeror  corda  plurimorum 
occupavit  et  suspicati  sunt  multi  finem 


12  S.VIII.  MAY  28,  1921.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


439 


saeculi  adesse."  Lastly,  there  is  the  record 
of  charters  conveying  lands  to  the  Church 
and  beginning  with  the  words  "  seeing  that 
the  end  of  the  world  is  approaching." 

It  is,  of  course,  possible  that  there  was  a 
falling-off  in  church-building  about  1000A.D., 
for  it  was  a  time  of  such  want  and  suffering 
that  a  modern  writer  has  declared  that  if 
the  seven  trumpets  of  the  seven  angels  had 
startled  the  earth  with  their  blast  a  shout 
of  mocking  laughter  would  have  gone  up  from 
the  countless  captives,  serfs  and  monks 
who  were  living  in  the  direst  misery.  The 
uncouth  sculptures  of  the  tenth  century  are 
said  to  show  the  influences  of  fear.  But 
Glaber  tells  us  that  as  soon  as  the  panic 
passed  away,  almost  every  place  of  worship 
in  Gaul  and  Italy  was  rebuilt,  even  though 
it  were  not  in  need  of  repair.  The  wealth 
that  the  Church  had  so  suddenly  acquired 
was  favourable  to  architectural  experiments, 
and  the  Byzantine  style  was  superseded  by 
a  new  style,  known  as  the  Romanesque. 
T.  PERCY  ABMSTKONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 


on 

Britain's  Tribute  to  Dante  in  Literature  and  Art. 
A  Chronological  Record  of  540  Years  (c.  1380- 
1920).  By  Paget  Toynbee.  (Humphrey  Mil- 
ford,  for  the  British  Academy.  12s.  6d.  net.) 
DR.  PAGET  TOYNBEE  has  to  his  credit  many 
studies,  and  these  from  more  than  one  stand- 
point, of  the  great  Florentine.  This  his  latest 
work  should  not,  we  think,  prove  the  least 
valuable.  It  is  framed  on  a  happy  conception, 
and  executed  with  just  the  right  degree  of 
fullness.  Until  one  is  deep  in  it  one  hardly 
realizes  how  much  that  is  interesting,  signi- 
ficant, illuminating  is  to  be  derived  from  the 
mere  perusal  of  this  record  of  the  British  writers 
and  thinkers  who,  in  this  long  space  of  time, 
have  mentioned,  quoted,  admired  or  derided 
Dante,  and  of  the  British  artists  who  have 
attempted  representations  of  his  scenes. 

The  volume  of  praise  increases  steadily.  In 
fact  it  would  now,  perhaps,  require  some  courage 
in  any  man  of  letters  to  commit  himself  to  any- 
thing like  Horace  Walpole's  description  of  Dante 
as  "  extravagant,  absurd,  disgusting,  in  short, 
a  Methodist  parson  in  Bedlam "  ;  or  to  echo 
Coleridge's  dicta  that  the  line  placed  over 
the  gate  of  Hell  might  well  be  inscribed  over 
that  of  Paradise  ;  or  to  accuse  Dante  of  "  tedious 
particularity,"  puerility,  and  dullness,  as  did 
various  writers  in  the  Quarterly  Revieio  in  the 
early  years  of  the  last  century.  The  divergence 
of  opinion  on  Dante  from  thoroughgoing  scorn 
to  almost  unqualified  admiration  is  surely  greater 
than  in  the  case  of  any  other  poet.  That  the 
"  odium  theologicum "  has  something  to  do 
with  this  cannot  be  denied  ;  but  the  question 
as  to  whether  or  not  a  person  competent  to  form 


a  judgment  shall  love  Dante  seems  to  depend 
ultimately  upon  his  position  this  side  or  that 
of  a  great  line  of  cleavage  between  human 
minds.  You  cannot  read  Dante  to  any  purpose 
without  taking  account  of  religion :  which  pre- 
dominates in  you,  your  sense  of  the  One  revealing 
Himself  through  the  many,  or  of  the  many  as 
resolving  themselves  back  into  the  One  ?  If  the 
former  you  will  seldom  complain  of  Dante's 
"  particularity  "  ;  if  the  latter,  you  may  pos- 
sibly come  to  understand  Horace  Walpole. 

Chaucer's  debt  to  Dante — its  nature  and 
extent — is  pretty  well  known  ;  and  it  is  pleasant 
to  reflect  that  from  Chaucer  comes  the  first 
English  mention  of  Dante's  name  : — 

Oil  Virgile  or  on  Claudian, 
Or  Daunte,  that  hit  telle  can — 

In  the  early  fifteenth  century  two  English 
bishops,  while"  attending  the  Council  of  Con- 
stance, persuaded  Serrayalle,  Bishop  of  Fermo, 
to  make  a  translation  into  Latin  prose  of  the 
'  Divina  Commedia,'  and  to  Serravalle  we  owe  a 
statement — isolated  and  therefore  doubtful — 
that  Dante  had  studied  at  Oxford. 

The  first  clear  mention  cf  Beatrice  would 
I  appear  to  be  that  in  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  '  Apologie 
1  for  Poetrie.'  The  earliest  translation  of  lines  from 
the  '  Divina  Commedia  '  into  English  blank  verse 
is  that  of  "  Nessun  maggior  dolore  .  .  ."by 
Thomas  Hughes  in  '  The  Misfortunes  of  Arthur.' 
It  is  curious  how  frequently  those  lines  ('  Inferno,' 
v.  121-3)  reappear  in  this  record:  they,  with 
"  Lasciate  ogni  speranza,"  would  appear  to  be 
to  the  verses  as  Paolo  and  Francesca  and  Ugolino 
are  to  the  incidents  in  the  '  Commedia.' 

The  acquisition  of  MSS.  and  early  editions  of 
Dante's  works  by  British  collectors  and  libraries, 
beginning  with  the  '  De  Monarchia  '  in  Thomas 
James's  Bodleian  Catalogue,  1602,  goes  some- 
what slowly  but  steadily  on,  till  we  come  to 
the  Huth  sale  at  Sotheby's  in  1912,  when  the 
"  record  "  price  of  £1,800  was  paid  for  a  copy  of 
the  1481  edition  of  the  '  Commedia.' 

In  1697,  though  Oxford  and  Cambridge  still 
had  none,  there  was  a  MS.  of  Dante  at  West- 
minster Abbey;  and  Wotton  in  1639  had 
bequeathed  two  MSS.  of  him  to  Eton.  The  first 
Dante  MS.  acquired  by  the  Bodleian  was  the 
fifteenth-century  one  belonging  to  the  D'Orville 
collection,  purchased  in  1805. 

Judgment  in  England  in  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries  was,  as  might  be  guessed, 
favourable  to  Dante.  Jewel  uses  him  in  support 
of  his  denunciation  of  Borne  ;  Sir  William  Alex- 
ander speaks  of  him  quaintly  as  "  old  Dante, 
swolne  With  just  disdaines."  Of  Milton,  in  this 
connexion,  there  is  no  need  to  speak  ;  and  students 
of  Gray  will  remember  that  the  first  line  of  the 
'  Elegy  '  is  an  echo  of  the  'JPurgatorio '  (viii.  5-6.) 
More  interesting,  perhaps,  are  the  references  to 
Dante  by  humbler  pens.  Thus  the  learned  Mrs. 
Carter  finds  Dante  much  beyond  her  comprehen- 
sion ;  Goldsmith  thinks  he  owes  most  of  his 
reputation  to  the  obscurity  of  the  times  in  which 
he  lived.  Anna  Seward  talks  of  the  "  weary 
horror  "  of  the  'Inferno,'  and  the  Annual  Register 
(1764)  considers  the  simplicity  of  his  style  to 
be  the  chief  cause  of  his  pre-eminence.  The  early 
allusions  to  Dante  in  the  Annual  Register  are 
particularly  interesting  as  implying  a  certain  know- 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.vm.  MAT  as,  1021. 


ledge  of  him  in  the  general  public.  A  good 
example  is  the  quotation  of  '  Lasciate  ogni 
speranza  .  .  .'  in  1793,  in  the  article  on  the 
imprisonment  and  death  of  Louis  XVI. 

With  the  mid-nineteenth  century  we  come  to 
great  abundance  of  allusion  and  to  a  riper  and 
truer  criticism.  Most  of  the  great  writers  of 
the  time  are  represented,  but  there  are  curious 
exceptions.  Is  it  the  case  that  Newman  never 
mentions  Dante  ?  And  that  no  tractarian 
writer  except  B.  W.  Church  and  Keble  has 
anything  about  him  ? 

Dr.  Toynbee  has  done  a  particularly  useful 
work  by  recording  articles  on  Dante  in  periodicals— 
and  it  may  well  gratify  those  of  our  correspon- 
dents who  have  contributed  '  Danteiana  '  to  our 
own  columns  to  know  that  these  have  a  place  in 
this  record. 

Combined  with  the  notices  of  Dante  in  litera- 
ture and  the  books  and  articles  about  him,  Dr. 
Paget  Toynbee  gives  us  the  drawings  and  pictures 
of  English  artists  illustrating  his  works — the 
earliest  being  six  drawings  done  by  Fuseli  in  1777 
of  subjects  from  the  '  Divina  Commedia.' 

Several  interesting  facts  are  brought  out  in 
the  author's  pithy  Introduction — as  that  "  during 
the  last  118  years  the  'Commedia'  as  a  whole 
has  been  translated  into  English  on  an  average 
once  in  about  every  four  years."  "If,"  he  goes 
on  to  say,  "  the  independent  translations  of  the 
several  divisions  of  the  poem  be  included  in  the 
reckoning,  it  will  be  found  that  an  English  transla- 
tion of  one  or  other  of  the  three  cantiche  has  been 
produced  on  an  average  once  in  about  every 
twelve  months — a  record  which,  it  is  believed, 
cannot  be  paralleled  in  the  literature  of  any 
other  country." 

Memoriae  Antiguas  Historiales  del  Peru.  By 
Fernando  Montesinos.  Translated  and  edited 
by  Philip  Ainsworth  Means.  (Hakluyt  Society.) 
THE  work  of  Fernando  Montesinos  possesses 
two  features  which  give  it  importance  for  the 
student  of  America  before  the  Conquest :  the 
list  of  the  Kings,  and  the  folk-lore  embedded  in 
the  history.  The  list  of  Kings  would  seem  to  be  a 
modified  version  of  a  list  drawn  up  by  a  man 
of  much  greater  claims  than  our  author's  to  respect 
as  a  historian,  Bias  Valera,  natural  son  of 
Don  Luis  de  Valera  and  an  Indian  woman,  who 
was  converted  to  Christianity  but  had  been  con- 
nected with  the  old  court  of  Peru.  Born  about 
1540  Bias  Valera  joined  the  Society  of  Jesus 
about  1568  and  came  to  Spain  in  the  early 
nineties  of  the  century,  dying  at  Cadiz  in  1596. 
He  wrote  a  history  of  Peru  in  Latin,  which  is 
lost.  The  one  work  of  his  preserved  is  the  '  De 
los  Indies  del  Peru,  sus  costumbres  y  pacifica- 
cion  '  ;  another,  the  '  Vocabulario  historic©  del 
Peru,'  has  in  some  sort  survived  in  the  book 
before  us — mutilated,  however,  and  reduced  in 
value.  Montesinos,  a  Spaniard  and  also  a  Jesuit, 
went  to  Peru  in  1628,  journeyed  widely,  with 
good  opportunities  of  collecting  facts  about  the 
natives,  for  he  was  in  the  exercise  of  some  kind 
of  inspectorship,  and  returned  to  Spain  about 
1644.  His  '  Memoriae '  show  that  he  was 
acquainted  with  the  writings  of  his  predecessors 
in  the  study  of  the  Indians,  and  also  that  he 
himself  brought  a  genuine  interest  to  bear  on 


the  subject,  but  they  have  justly  aroused  the 
impatience  of  later  workers  by  their  being  forced 
into  the  frame  of  an  absurd  belief  that  Peru  was 
the  Ophir  of  the  Old  Testament.  Peruvian 
history  and  chronology,  then,  had  to  be  twisted  and 
tortured  to  fit  into  the  history  and  then  received 
chronology  of  the  Scriptures.  Hence  the  list  of 
Kings — systematically  extended  and  rearranged — 
has  become  a  travesty  in  which  only  certain 
lines  of  truth  can  now  be  detected. 

However,  it  is  something  to  have  such  a  list 
preserved  in  any  form  ;  and  if  little  and  cautious 
credence  can  be  given  to  most  of  the  history, 
it  contains  good  passages  from  Valera,  and,  as  we 
said  above,  there  remains  the  folk-lore  which,  as  a 
record  of  pre-Inca  custom  and  belief,  is  so  far 
unique. 

An  Introduction  by  the  late  Sir  Clements 
Markham  is  prefixed  to  the  Introduction  by  the 
Editor,  and  from  Sir  Clements  Markham  come 
also  a  list  of  words  in  the  names  of  Kings  and 
Incas,  and  a  list  of  Quichua  words  in  Montesinos. 
Mr.  Means  provides  a  careful  note  on  the  Chrono- 
logical Tables.  His  Introduction  gives  an  ex- 
cellent resume"  of  the  present  position  of  the 
study  of  pre-conquest  history  and  the  bearing 
of  recently  established  facts  upon  Montesinos. 


WE  have  received  a  delightful  volume  of  repro- 
ductions of  twenty-four  hitherto  unpublished 
drawings  from  the  collection  of  the  late  Frederick 
George  Stephens.  It  has  been  put  together  by 
the  artist's  •  son  in  memory  of  his  father  and 
mother,  and  will  certainly  give  great  pleasure  to 
the  many  admirers  of  the  Pre-Raphaelite  Brother- 
hood. 

Two  portraits  of  Septimus  Stephens  and  his 
wife  —  painted  by  F.  G.  Stephens  —  are  full  of 
sympathetic  feeling,  while  the  portrait  studies 
of  Stephens  by  Ford  Madox  Brown,  Holman 
Hunt  and  other  members  of  the  Brotherhood  are 
most  interesting,  that  by  Millais  of  him  as  a 
young  man  being  specially  attractive.  A  recent 
visit  to  the  Tate  Gallery  makes  the  original 
sketch  of  '  The  Carpenter's  Shop  '  of  specially 
vivid  appeal,  showing  as  it  does  the  little  glimpse 
through  the  window  of  tenderly  drawn  detail 
of  birds  and  foliage  unnoticed  in  the  finished 
picture.  One  picture  by  D.  G.  Rossetti  is  arrest- 
ing in  its  beauty,  and  seems  wholly  "  Beata 
Beatrix  " — not  "  a  portrait  of  Miss  Siddal."  In 
Plate  xin.  we  have  a  reminiscence  of  the  fierce 
war  of  words  which  raged  in  the  world  of  art 
when  Ruskin  was  at  his  prime. 

Lieut. -Colonel  Step  hens  is  greatly  to  be  congratu- 
lated on  this  charming  production,  which  is  not 
merely  a  most  graceful  memorial,  but  also  a  little 
collection  of  treasures  for  the  lover  of  art. 


to 

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441 


LONDON,  JUNE  4,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.    164. 

NOTES  :— St.  Peter's  Chapel  of  Ease,  Westminster,  441— 
Glass-painters  of  York :  Witton,  442— Irish  Family 
History:  O'Reilly  of  Dublin,  443— English  Army  List, 
445 — Shakespeariana,  446 — Paper  from  Straw — Dema- 
gogue— Wolf,  447 — '  Woman  and  her  Master  ' — History 
repeats  itself,  448 — American  English,  449. 

QUERIES :— Window  Tax  and  Dairies— Henry  Clay- 
Corker  (Corcor)— Robert  Johnson — Louis  Masquerier — 
Acid  Test— "  Howlers,"  448— James  Lorimer— For- 
draught— The  Bronte  Poems — Anstruther  :  Vansittart : 
Yule  :  Cardew — The  "  Plague  Pits  " — Hanging  a  Scotch 
Falconer — Church  Building  and  Parliamentary  Com- 
missioners— William  Thomas — '  John  Inglesant,  450 — 
Handshaking — "  Parliament  Clock  "  — Pitt's  Peers — 
Authors  wanted,  451. 

REPLIES  : — Legay  of  Southampton  and  London,  451 — 
Petty  France— The  New  Theatre,  Hammersmith — Sir 
Hans  Sloane's  Bloomsbury  House,  452 — The  Caveac 
Tavern— Smallest  Pig  of  a  Utter— John  Witty—"  Magad- 
len  "  or  "  Mawdlen  " — Club  Membership  Longevity— 
"  Beads  of  Castledowne,"  453 — Viscount  Stafford,  454 — 
State  Trials  in  Westminster  Hall — Sir  Roger  de  Coverley 
Dance — The  Year  1000  A.D. — Old  Song  Wanted,  455 — 
King  of  England  :  Lord  of  Baux — Book  Borrowers — 
"  Nothing  but  their  Eyes  to  weep  with  " — "  Zoo  " — 
G.  A.  Cooke  and  his  County  Itineraries,  456 — Tavern 
Signs — Napoleon  and  London — Gray's  Elegy — Robert 
Parr,  Centenarian,  457 — Lightfoot — American  Customs — 
Repositories  of  Wills— Ludgate,  London,  458—  The 
"  Diehards  " — "  Common  or  Garden,"  459. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— 'Etymological  Dictionary  of  Modern 
English' — 'English  Prose.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ST.     PETER'S    CHAPEL-OF-EASE, 
WESTMINSTER. 

ON  June  8  this  Georgian  adjunct  to  St. 
Peter's,  Eaton  Square,  will  be  auctioned, 
and  then  will  be  probably  swept  off  the 
face  of  our  Westminster  earth.  This  seems 
a  pity  from  the  view  of  antiquaries,  because, 
although  only  dated  from  1766,  no  one- 
time "  proprietary "  chapel  is  so  packed 
with  interest. 

When  George  III.  married  Charlotte 
of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz  in  Sept.,  1761,  it 
became  necessary  to  buy  a  separate  house 
for  her  as  part  of  her  jointure.  On.  the  site 
of  Buckingham  Palace  stood  an  ugly 
mansion,  built  by  the  wealthiest  of  the 
Sheffields,  John,  Duke  of  Buckinghamshire. 
Why  it  was  so  big  was  because  (as  His 
Grace  explained  to  everybody  whom  it 
did  not  concern)  he  intended  to  have 
twenty  children,  each  of  whom  would 


require  "  princely  chambers  as  befitted 
their  illustrious  line,"  and  each  a  separate 
staff  of  servants.  These  plans  were  rendered 
void  by  the  fact  that  he  had  only  one 
child,  who  died  young.  So  later  the  Duke's 
representatives  were  only  too  glad  to  sell 
the  place  to  the  Crown.  It  was  promptly 
renamed  Queen's  House,  and  the  seventeen- 
year-old  bride  was  therein  installed.  Most 
of  it  was  pulled  dowTi  after  the  King's 
death,  and  we  owe  the  present  hideous 
structure  to  the  combined  efforts  of  George 
IV.  and  his  architect,  John  Nash,  who 
had  already  given  London  the  Carlton 
House,  Terrace,  the  Regent's  Street,  and 
the  really  finely  conceived  Regent's  Park. 

Amongst  the  little  Queen's  royal  chap- 
lains was  a  handsome  and  popular  man 
named  William  Dodd  ;  and  amongst  the 
little  King's  numerous  subjects  who  held 
an  eye  to  the  main  chance  were  two 
builders,  Neale  and  Winkworth.  Dodd 
(1729-1777)  had  had  the  most  amazing 
success  (I  exclude  politicians)  that  any 
man  of  that  era  had  "  in  his  twenties." 
A  certain  charitable  Mr.  Bingley  had  set 
himself  to  think  out  what  could  be  done 
towards  the  spiritual  .and  social  salvation 
of  that  sad  class  of  women  whose  patroness 
is  St.  Mary  Magdalene.  He  started  his  work 
near  that  Montagu  House  which  has  now 
grown  into  our  British  Museum,  and 
amongst  numberless  applicants  for  this 
unpaid  post,  Dodd  won  it.  The  effect  was 
marvellous.  While  the  famous  preacher, 
the  Rev.  Laurence  Sterne — he  of  the 
'  Sentimental  Journey  ' — could  only  suc- 
ceed in  obtaining  some  £160  for  the  Found- 
ling Hospital,  one  appeal  from  Dodd 
often  resulted  in  sums  between  £1,300  and 
£1,400. 

So  Neale  and  Winkworth  ran  up  this 
chapel,  backed  by  a  Mr.  Ralph  Ward, 
who  was  contented  with  a  peppercorn 
rental.  They  persuaded  Dodd  to  be  licensed 
as  "  Morning  Preacher  "  ;  and  Dodd  per- 
suaded Queen  Charlotte  to  make  it  the 
most  fashionable  "  place  of  worship "  at 
that  date.  The  street  in  which  this  spacious 
chapel  stood  was  known  as  Charlotte 
Street ;  and  the  chapel  itself  as  Charlotte 
Chapel.  Somewhere  about  1883,  Charlotte 
Street  was  quite  foolishly  renamed  Palace 
Street.  This  street  ran  out  at  right  angles 
from  Pimlico  Road,  which  had  quite 
recently  been  known  as  Salisbury  Walk, 
and  which  Londoners  of  to-day  know  as 
Buckingham  Palace  Road. 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [i28.vin.jraB4.io2i. 


Dodd  by  that  time  had  become  "  Dr." 
Dodd ;  not,  as  one  is  apt  to  think,  of 
divinity,  but  of  laws.  Queen  Charlotte  I 
was  present  at  his  opening  sermon,  and 
continued  to  attend  the  chapel  until  her 
death  in  1818.  She  rented  "successive 
rows  of  seats  for  her  attendants  in  the 
galleries,"  and  for  herself  she  rented  "  four 
pews  in  the  middle  aisle."  These  pews, 
of  course,  were  big  and  square,  with  a 
broad  wooden  seat  running  all  round,  and 
a  table  in  the  centre. 

Towering  over  the  royal  pews  stood  the 
"  three-decker,"  of  which  I  fear  no  present  | 
example  remains.     On  the  bottom  boxed-in ! 
seat  sat  the  clerk,  who  led  the  hymns,  gave 
out  the   opening  lines   of  the   (occasionally 
adapted)  psalms  : — 

The  Mountains  skipped  all  like  rams, 

The  little  Hills  did  hop, 

To  welcome  into  this  Our  Town 

His  Grace  the  Lord  Bis-shopp, 
and  shouted  lusty  Amens. 

Above  the  clerk  sat  the  curate,  who,  at 
the  opening  of  the  chapel,  and  for  some 
years  later,  was  the  Rev.  Weedon  Butler. 
And  towering  over  all  was  the  preacher's 
pulpit,  of  carved  oak  flanked  by  brass 
candelabra,  and  having  a  huge  crimson 
cushion,  from  which  depended  "weighty 
golden  balls,"  a  Bible  and  an  hour-glass. 
Dodd  wore  present-day  Court  dress,  minus 
the  sword.  Over  this  was  a  "  rustling 
gown "  of  voluminous  folds  and  with 
huge  sleeves.  He  wore  a  white -powdered 
wig.  On  a  finger  of  his  left  hand  blazed 
an  enormous  diamond  ring,  and  from  that 
hand  dangled  a  lace  pocket-handkerchief. 
In  his  right  hand  he  carried  a  very  big 
bouquet  of  flowers. 

It   seems   a   pity   that   so   outstanding   a 
figure   and    so  splendid   a  sportsman  should 
have  been  hanged  for  forgery. 
Amongst  his  congregations  were 

.     .     .     Athol's    Duke, 

The  polished  Hervey,  Kingston  the  humane, 
- ,  Aylesbury,    and    Marchmont,    Romsey,    all 
revered  ; 

our  great  friend  Mr.  Jonas  Hanway  ; 
most  of  the  Court  who  preferred  this 
spritely  parson  to  the  dull  German  services 
the  King  attended ;  most  of  the  Royal 
children  from  three  years  old  upwards ; 
and  of  course  the  ubiquitous  Horace 
Walpole. 

In  the  late  eighteen-fifties  the  chapel 
was  lent  to  the  General  Post  Office. 

Later  again,  Henry  Edward  Manning 
made  his  last  Anglican  Communion  here 


before  'verting  to  Rome.  A  fellow-com- 
municant that  morning  was  William  Ewart 
Gladstone.  A  graphic  account  has  been 
written  of  their  tense  and  laconic  parting 
at  the  chapel  door.  M.  E.  W. 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 

(See  ante,  pp.   127,  323,  364,  406.) 

V. — JOHN   WITTON. 

THE  only  information  we  have  concerning 
this  artist  is  that  contained  in  his  will. 
His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  Freemen's 
Roll,  and  it  is  doubtful  whether  he  even 
attained  his  majority  so  that  he  could  take 
up  his  freedom.  He  was  apprenticed  with 
John  Chamber  the  younger  (free  1414, 
died  1451),  whom  he  calls  "  my  master,"  and 
for  whom  and  for  whose  wife  he  evidently 
had  an  affectionate  esteem  and  regard. 
With  his  master's  son  Richard,  who  was 
free  in  1447  and  who  was  probably  there- 
fore three  or  four  years  senior  to  him,  he 
likewise  seems  to  have  been  on  terms  of 
close  intimacy  and  friendship,  which  is 
the  more  probable  seeing  that  the  two  would 
have  served  their  time  together. 

Witton's  exact  position  is  a  little  difficult 
to  determine.  He  cannot  have  been  in 
poor  circumstances  for  he  made  a  will  in 
which  he  forgives  debts  due  to  him.  leaves 
an  annuity  to  one  person,  and  gifts  of  money 
to  others,  as  well  as  bequests  to  his  parish 
church.  As  likely  as  not  he  was  the  son 
of  a  master  glass-painter  and — following 
a  practice  which  still  obtains  among  old- 
fashioned  business  firms  at  the  present  day, 
whereby  the  son  of  the  house  is  always 
sent  to  learn  the  business  with  a  competitor 
rather  than  in  the  house  which  he  will 
ultimately  himself  direct — had  been  ap- 
prenticed by  his  father,  who  was  evidently 
in  failing  health,  with  a  friendly  rival. 

John  Witton  made  his  will  (Reg.  Test. 
D.  and  C.  Ebor.  1.  266d)  on  June  11, 
1450,  the  day  after  Richard  Chamber  made 
his.  The  two  wills,  though  differing  in 
length,  have  evidently  been  drawn  up  by 
the  same  hand  and  at  the  same  time,  as 
they  are  largely  expressed  in  exactly  the 
same  words.  In  Witton's  will  the  testator 
describes  himself  as  "  John  Witton  of  York, 
Glasyer."  "  To  the  fabric  of  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  York "  he  bequeathed  3s.  4d., 
and  "  to  the  high  altar  of  my  parish  church 
of  St.  Helen  in  Staynegate  in  York  3s.  4rf. 


i2S.vm.juxa4,i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


Also  to  the  fabric  of  that  church  40c?.    .     .     .  -. 
Also  I  bequeath  for  the  making  of  a  taber- 
nacle  for   the   image   of   St.   Helen   in  the 
church  of  St.  Helen  aforesaid  to  be  made 
anew    12d."     A    tabernacle    was    what     is 
now  termed  a  canopy,  and  an  image  was 
what    is    now  called  in  sculpture  a   statue 
and  in  stained  glass  a  single  figure,  as  op-  j 
posed  to  vitri  historialis,  i.e.,    subject  work. 
In    1513,   Richard   Wright,   glass-painter   of 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  agreed  to  fill  the  windows 
of    St.     John's    College,    Cambridge,    with; 
"  Imagery  Werke  and  Tabernaclis  "  (Willis 
and  Clark,  '  Archit.  Hist,  of  Univ.  of  Cam- 
bridge,' vol.  ii.,  p.   347).     In  York  Minster 
the  gallery  in  behind  the  pinnacles  of  the| 
choir  stalls  on  the  north  side  is  still  called 
"The  Tabernacle." 

Although  Witton  leaves  sums  of  money 
to  the  vicar,  chaplain,    clerk  and  sub -clerk 
of  St.  Helen's,  as  well  as  to  "every  other | 
chaplain    of    that    church    present    at    my 
exequies   and  mass "    and   also    "  to  every 
other    outside    chaplain    coming    to    such 
exequies    and    masses,"    he    evidently    did  j 
not  expect  that  he  would  be  buried  there,  \ 
nor    did     Richard     Chamber     contemplate 
a    similar    circumstance    in    his    own    case,  j 
when  he  made  his  will  the  previous  day, ; 
for  they  each  desired  that  their  respective ! 
bodies    should    be    buried     "  with    church 
burial  where  God  shall  dispose  for  me." 

To  Henry  Witton,   his  father,   who  was; 
evidently   in   a   feeble   state  of   health,  the 
testator  bequeathed   "  40s.   to  be  delivered 
to  him  4s.  yearly  by  my  executors  until  the 
said  sum  of  40s.  be  fully  paid  if  he  shaD 
live  so  long."     He  also  forgave  a  debt  of  16s. 
8d.  due  to  him  from  Alice  Barton  and  made 
a  gift  of  money  to  each  of  her  three  children,  j 
"  Also  I  bequeath  to  John  Chaumbre  my  j 
master  10s.  ;  to  Matilda  his  wife  13s.  4rf.  and  j 
to    Richard    Chaumbre    20c?."      He   further  | 
made  gifts  to  Joan  Walter,  Agnes  Alnewyke,  j 
and  Isabel  Jacob,  which  perhaps  is  signifi- 
cant  as  showing  that  Witton  was   still   of 
an     age    to    be    easily  impressed  with  the 
charms    of    the    fair    sex.     He    made    John 
Chamber,  his  master,  and  Matilda  Chamber, 
with  his  parish  priest,  Sir  William  Marshall, 
his  executors  and  residuary  legatees  to  dis- 
pose of  his  goods  "  for  the  health  of  my  soul 
in  the  celebration  of  masses    as    to    them 
shall  seem  best  to  do."     As  stated  in  the 
account  of  Richard  Chamber  (ante,  p.  128), 
he   and   his    fellow-apprentice,    then    three 
years  out  of  his  time,  evidently  went  away 
together,  whether  to  the  wars  in  France,  on 


foreign  travel,  or  to  buy  glass  in  Bruges  or 
Antwerp,  we  do  not  know.  Within  a  very 
few  months  his  good  master  John  Chamber 
was  dead,  and  less  than  nine  months  after 
he  and  Richard  Chamber  had  made  their 
wills,  they  two  were  dead  also,  probate  of 
the  two  wills  being  granted  within  four 
days  of  one  another. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


IRISH  FAMILY  HISTORY. 

(See  12  S.  hi.  500  ;  vi.  208,  308  ;  vii.  2,  25, 
65,   105,   163,  223,  306,  432.) 

O'REILLY  OF  DUBLIN. 
O'REILLY  of  Dublin  married  and  had  issue : — 

I.  Mathew    O'Reilly,    who    married    and 
had  issue ; 

II.  James  O'Reilly,  died  ante   1773,  who 
married  and  had  issue  ; 

III.  A  dau.,   who  married   a   Mr.    Rock, 
and  had  issue,  a  dau.,  Mary,  who  married 
Patrick  Woogan  ; 

IV.  Bridget  O'Reilly  ;  and 

V.  Michael    O'Reilly,  who    was    a    very 
wealthy  iron    merchant — or    ironmonger  as 
he  is  described  in  his  will — in  Thomas  Street, 
Dublin,  and  was  living  at  the  time  of  his 
death   in   Francis    Street.     His    will,    dated 
Feb.    2,    1773,  with  codicil  dated  June   10, 
1774,  was  proved  Jan.  3,   1775,  in  the  Pre- 
rogative Court,  Dublin.*     He  married  Mary, 


*  I  Michael  Reilly  of  the  City  of  Dublin,  Iron- 
monger. My  dearly  beloved  wife  Mary  Reilly 
otherwise  Reynolds.  My  nine  younger  children, 
Patrick  Reilly,  Andrew  Reilly,  James  Reilly  and 
Edward  Reilly,  Mary  Ann  Reilly,  Elizabeth  Reilly, 
Judith  Reilly,  Mary  Reilly,  and  Jane  Reilly,  all 
now  under  21.  My  eldest  son  Thomas  Reilly. 
The  children  of  my  brother  Mathew  Reilly.  The 
children  of  my  late  brother  James  Reilly.  The 
Executors  shall  immediately  after  my  death  pay 
unto  the  hands  of  Messieurs  Thomas  and  Andrew 
Reynolds  of  Dublin,  Merchants,  £1,200  on  their 
joint  security  provided  they  shall  agree  to  take 
and  keep  the  same.  My  niece  Mary  Rock,  now 
the  wife  of  Patrick  Woogan.  My  sister  Bridget 
Reilly.  My  wife  Mary  Reilly  during  her  widow- 
hood, but  no  longer.  My  said  son  Thomas  Reilly 
and  the  said  Andrew  Reynolds  hereinbefore  named 
to  be  Executors  of  this  my  last  Will,  and  I  also 
appoint  Edward  Moor  of  Mount  Brown  near 
Dublin,  Brewer,  Trustee  and  Overseer  of  this  my 
last  Will.  Dated  this  2nd  day  of  February,  1773. 
(Signed)  MICHAEL  REILLY. 

Codicil  dated  June  10,  1774.  I  order  and  direct 
that  the  legal  yearly  interest  of  the  sum  of  £930, 
part  of  a  debt  due  to  me  by  Mr.  Edward  Reynolds 
of  Francis  Street,  Weaver,  be  from  time  to  time 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [  12  S.VIH.JUNE  4,1921. 


second  dau.  of  Thomas  Reynolds,  silk  manu- 
facturer of  16,  Ash  Street,  Dublin,  by  his 
wife,  Joan  Grumley.  In  her  will,  which 
was  dated  Sept.  16,  1793,  and  proved 
Jan.  22,.-,"  1796,  in  the  Prerogative  Court, 
Dublin,  she  is  described  as  of  Newholland, 
widow  of  Michael  O'Reilly  otherwise  Reilly.  * 
By  him  she  had  issue  : — 

(i.)  Thomas  O'Reilly,  of  whom  presently  ; 

(ii.)  James  O'Reilly,  a  surgeon  who, 
dying  unmarried,  left  -his  ^fortune  equally 
amongst  his  surviving  brothers  and  sisters  ; 

(iii.)  Jane, O'Reilly,  under  21  in  1773,  un- 
married ; 

(iv.)  Patrick  O'Reilly,  under  21  in  1773, 
unmarried  ;  he  joined  his  brothers  Thomas 
and  Andrew  in  business  ;  was  a  "  meer  " 
beggar  in  Dublin  in  1816  ; 

(v.)  Andrew  O'Reilly,  under  21  in  1773, 
unmarried.  After  the  failure  of  the  iron 
business  he  shared  with  his  brothers  Thomas 
and  Patrick,  he  became  a  clerk  to  an  iron- 
monger in  Dublin,  where  he  was  in  1816  ; 

(vi.)  Esther  O'Reilly,  mentioned  in  her 
mother's  will  in  1793,  married  James  Pur- 
field  of  the  City  of  Dublin^  marriage  settle- 
ments dated  Jan.  25,  1780,f  but  had  no 
issue  by  him ; 

paid  and  applied  in  payment  and  discharge  of  the 
yearly  rent  of  my  present  dwelling  House  and 
concerns  situate  in  Francis  Street  and  Hanover 
Lane,  Dublin.  Signed  and  dated  the  10th  day  of 
June,  1774.  Proved  3rd  day  January,  1775,  in 
the  Prerogative  Court,  Dublin. 

*  I,  Mary  O'Reilly,  of  Newholland,  widow  of 
Michael  O'Reilly  otherwise  Reilly,  late  of  Thomas 
Street  in  the  City  of  Dublin,  Ironmonger.  And 
whereas  I  am  seized  and  intitled  to  all  that  and 
those  the  Towns  and  Lands  of  Caranalty.  Derry- 
nisky,  and  '  Derrynavoggy,  co.  Roscommon. 
Works  for  carrying  on  the  manufacture  of  Iron. 
All  to  my  dau.  Mary  Ann  Carroll  otherwise 
O'Reilly,  widow  of  John  Carroll,  late  of  New 
Lodge,  Co.  Dublin,  Cotton  Manufacturer.  Thomas, 
Patrick  and  Andrew  O'Reilly  my  three  sons.  My 
daus.  .Esther  Purfield  otherwise  O'Reilly  and 
Jane  O'Reilly,  spinster.  Mary  Tiernan  other- 
wise O'Reilly,  widow  of  Thomas  Tiernan,  Mer- 
chant, deceased.  Dated  the  16th  day  of  Sep- 
tember, 1793.  (Signed)  MARY  O'REILLY. 

Witnesses  : — Thomas  Rochfort,  John  McDer- 
mott,  Michael  Carroll.  Proved  22nd  January, 
1796  in  the  Prerogative  Court,  Dublin. 

334—114 — 222242. 
A     Memorial     of     Articles     of 
Settlement  dated  25th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1780.     Between  James  Pur  - 
fleld  of  the  City  of  Dublin,  Mer- 
chant, of  the  first  part,  Esther 
Reilly,    spinster,    Daughter    of 
-Michael  Reilly,  then  late  of  the  said  City  of  Dublin, 
Merchant,  deceased,  of  the  second  part,  Andrew 
Reynolds  of  the  same  City,  Merchant,   Uncle  to 


t  Reynolds 

Purfleld. 

Regd  26  Jan.  1780. 


(vii.)  Mary  O'Reilly,  under  21  in  1773  ;  de- 
scribed in  her  mother's  will  in  1793  as 
widow  of  Thomas  Tiernan,  merchant,  de- 
ceased ; 

(viii.)  Mary  Ann  O'Reilly,  under  21  in 
1773,  married  John  Carroll,  of  New  Lodge, 
Co.  -Dublin,  cotton  manufacturer ;  he  died 
ante  1793; 

mentioned        in 
their         father's 

(ix.)  Edward  O'Reilly      j  will,      1773,     as 
•{  under    21  ;    but 

(x.)  Judith  O'Reilly  j  not  mentioned  in 
their  mother's 
.will  in  1793. 

Thomas  O'Reilly,  the  eldest  son,  joined 
with  his  brothers  Patrick  and  Andrew  in 
establishing  great  wire-works  on  the  Liffey 
near  Dublin,  which  they  called  N«w  Hol- 
land. They  also  discovered,  established, 
and  fully  worked  the  Shannon  head  iron 
and  coal  mines  and  works  on  the  estates  of 
Mr.  Tennison  in  the  county  of  Leitrim. 
They  prospered  for  several  years,  but  want 
of  sufficient  capital  to  enable  them  properly 
to  work  the  ancient  and'  almost  lost  iron- 
mines  at  Arigna  in  Co.  Leitrim,  which  they 
had  undertaken,  and  other  cirumstances, 
caused  their  prosperity  to  decline,  and  they 
were  finally  ruined.  Thomas  O'Reilly  was 
living  in  the  Isle  of  Man  in  1816.  He 
married  Mary  Fagan,  and  by  her  had 

the  said  Esther  Reilly,  and  Thomas  Purfield  of 
the  said  City,  Esq.,  Brother  to  the  said  James 
Purfield  of  the  third  part,  and  Mary  Reilly,  widow, 
Mother  of  the  said  Esther  Reilly,  Thomas  Reilly, 
Ironmonger,  Brother  of  the  said  Esther  Reilly, 
both  of  the  said  City  of  Dublin,  Exors,  named 
and  appointed  in  and  by  the  Last  Will  and 
Testament  of  the  said  Michael  Reilly,  deceased,  of 
the  fourth  part. 

A  marriage  intended  between  the  said  James 
Purfield  and  Esther  Reilly,  James  Purfield  being 
then  a  Minor. 

Signed  and  sealed  in  the  presence  of  John 
Carroll  and  John  Barber.  (Filed  in  the  Registry 
of  Deeds  Office,  Dublin.) 

James  Purfield  is  also  mentioned  in  another 
Deed  filed  in  the  Registry  of  Deeds  Office,  Dublin, 
as  under  : — 

347 — 93 — 231236. 

A  Memorial  of  a  Deed  dated  the 

Reynolds  13th  of  June,    1781.      Between 

v.  James  Purfield  of  the   City  of 

Reilly.  Dublin,   Merchant,   of  the   first 

Re§d  part,  Andrew  Reynolds   of  the 

said      City,       Merchant,       and 

Thornas  Meredyth  Winstanley  of  ,  England, 

gent.,  of  the  second  part,  Mary  Reilly,  widow, 
and  Thomas  Reilly,  Ironmonger,  both  of  said  City 
of  Dublin,  Exors  of  Michael  Reilly,  deceased, 
of  the  third  part. 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE 4, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


issue  a  son  and  three  daughters.      Of  the 
daughters  I  have  no  record. 

Thomas  O'Reilly,  the  son,  was  placed  as 
a  clerk  in  the  house  of  Gordon  and  Co., 
London,  who  later  sent  him  out  to  Cadiz 
in  connexion  with  their  business.  He 
there  obtained  an  introduction  to  an  old 
lady  of  great  Spanish  connexions,  the 
widow  of  the  famous  Spanish  General 
O'Reilly,  and  through  her  means  he  obtained 
such  exclusive  privileges  in  trade  to  Buenos 
Aires,  where  he  went,  that  he  soon  amassed 
a  considerable  fortune.  Returning  to  Eng- 
land about  1807  or  1808  with  some  £50,000 
to  £60,000,  he  carried  on  his  business  in 
London,  the  firm  being  styled  O'Reilly,  Win- 
terbottom  and  Young,  at  Laurence  Pountney 
Hill,  where  they  continued  till  they  went 
into  bankruptcy  in  1817,  by  which  event 
he  became  penniless.  He  married  on  Aug.  26, 


1809,*  Bridget,  eldest  dau.  of  Edmund  The 
O'Callaghan  of  Kilgorey,  Co.  Clare,  Esq., 
and  Cadogan  Place,  London  (by  Helen,  his 
wife,  dau.  of  Denis  O'Brien,  of  St.  Stephen's 
Green,  Dublin,  who  married,  secondly,  Mr. 
Payler,  a  banker  at  Maidstone,  after  whose 
death  she  lived  with  her  dau.  Mrs.  Bridget 
O'Reilly,  at  Limerick),  and  by  her  had 
issue : — 

Edmund  Joseph  O'Reilly,  born  April  30, 
1811,  in  London,  died  Nov.  9,  1878,  at  Mill  - 
town  Park,  and  was  bur.  Nov.  13,  at  Glas- 
nevin,  Dublin.  He  was  a  Roman  Catholic 
divine,  and  Rector  of  Milltown  Park  ;  an 
account  of  him  will  be  found  in  the  *  D.N.B.' 
HENRY  FITZGERALD  REYNOLDS. 


*  1809.  Aug.  26.  Thomas  O'Reilly,  Esq.,  of 
Gloucester  Place,  Portman  Square,  to  the  eldest 
dau.  of  Mrs.  O'Callaghan,  of  Cadogan  Place. — 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  1809,- p.  884. 


AN  ENGLISH  ARMY  LIST  OF  1740. 
(See  12  S.  ii.,  iii.,  vi.,  vii.  passim  ;  viii.  6,  46,  82,  185,  327,  405.) 

THE  next  regiment  (p.  77)  was  raised  in  1701  in  Belfast,  by  Arthur  3rd  Earl  of  -Donegal, 
and  in  due  course  became  the  35th  Foot.  In  1782  it  received  the  territorial  title  "  Dorset- 
shire," which,  in  1804,  was  changed  to  "  Sussex,"  and  in  1832  to  the  "  35th  (or  Royal  Sussex) 
Regiment  of  Foot."  Since  1$ 81  it  has  been  styled  the  Royal  Sussex  Regiment. 


Major- General  Otway's  Regiment  of  Foot. 


Colonel 
Lieutenant  Colonel 


Charles  Otway  ( 1) 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 
.      26  July    1717 


Dates  of  their 
first  commissions. 


Major               ..          ..      William  Tennison  (2) 

.31  Aug.  1739 

Captain, 

17  Sept.  1718 

/Abel  Warren  (3)   .  . 

8  Sept.  1722 

Ensign, 

Sept.  1714 

I  John  Stanhope 
i  Edmond  Leslie     .  . 

11   Oct.     1725 
6  May    1726 

Capt.  Lieut., 
Captain, 

20  Jan.    1708-9 
6  June  1716 

Captains           .  .           .  .  •<  Simon  Parry 

24  May    1729 

Lieutenant, 

1691 

Patrick  Gentleman 

25  April  1736 

Ensign, 

April  1707 

George  Munro  (4) 
V  Richard  Codd 

27  Sept.  1737 
31  Aug.  1739 

Ensign, 

April  1703 

Captain  Lieutenant            Oliver  Arthur  (5) 

31  Aug.  1739 

ditto 

1704 

'  Richard  Hankison  (6) 

25  Nov.  1715 

ditto 

1712 

John  Leader  (  7)   .  . 

2  May    1722 

Lieutenant, 

17  Nov.  1709 

James  Hay 

4  April  1726 

ditto 

Nov.  1710 

John  Cunningham 
Lieutenants      .  .           .  .  J  Raphael  Caulfield  (8) 

1  July    1731 
Jan.    1734-5 

ditto 
Ensign, 

22  April  1709 
Mar.    1720 

Edward  Lely 

4  Mar.    1736 

ditto 

July    1722 

Robert  Carr  (9) 

25  April  1736 

ditto 

Jan.    1722-3 

Edward  Goldsmith 

27  Sept.  1737 

v  John  Johnston 

31  Aug.  1739 

Ensign, 

24  Dec.    1726 

(1)  Major-General,  July  2,  1739;    Lieut.-General,  May  28,  1745;    General,  Mar.  8,  1761  ;    died 
in  1764. 

(2)  Lieut.-Colonel,  June  1,  1745. 

(3)  Of  Lowhill,  Co.   Kilkenny. 

(4)  Major,  June  1,  1750. 

(5)  Captain,  Nov.   3,   1740. 

(6)  Captain-Lieutenant,  Nov.  3,  1740. 

(7)  Captain,  Oct.  28,  1745. 

(8)  Died,  1747. 

(9)  Died,  1742. 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [i2s.vm.juNB4,i92i. 


Major-General  Otway' s  Regiment  of  Foot. 

Thomas  Moore 
Robert  Fitzgerald  (10) 
Richard  Bull 
,  William  Belle w  (11) 
Ensigns  . .          . .  j  Henry  Wright 

Archibald  Campbell 
Baton  Otway 
Charles  Ince(12)  .. 
I  George  Bernard    . . 


Dates  of  their 
present  commissions. 

27  Jan.    1726 
15  Sept.  1727 

1  Feb.    1731 

1  April  1734 
Jan.    1734-5 

4  Mai-.    1735-6 
25  April  1736 

1  June  1739 
19  Aug.  1739 


Dates  of  their 
first  commissions. 


The  following  additional  names  are  entered  in  ink  on  the  interleaf  : 
Colonel  ..  ..      Francis  Pierson  (15)         ..        8  Jan.    1739-40 


Captain 
Lieutenant*     .  . 

Ensigns 


Oliver  Aplen 

/  Kendrick  Cope     . . 
\  Robert  Cope 

f  Clement  Paterson 

— — •     Jephson     . . 
<  John  Cunningham  ( 1 3) 
George  Fletcher  (14) 
Edward  Cotter 


3  Nov.  1740 

15  Jan.    1739-40 
22  April  1741 

13  Mar.    1739-40 
ditto 
ditto 

6  July    1741 

7  June  1741 


(10)  Lieutenant,  June  7,  1741. 

(11)  Captain-Lieutenant,  Dec.  11,  1752;    Adjutant,  Mar.  12,  1754. 

(12)  Lieutenant,  Mar.  10,  1742-3. 

(13)  Captain,  April  7,  1755. 

(14)  Captain,  April  8,  1755. 

( 15)  Should  be  Lieut.-Colonel.     Colonel  Otway  retained  the  Colonelcy  until  his  death  in  1764. 

J.  H.  LESLIE,  Lieut.-Colonel. 
(To' be  continued.) 


SHAKESPEABIANA. — Nobody  doubts  but 
that  Shakespeare's  plays,  while  first  passing 
through  the  press,  received  more  or  less  of 
addition  or  curtailment,  whether  by  ac- 
cident or  design. 

But  no  theory  as  to  either  seems  equal 
to  accounting  for  lines  201-219  of  scene  iii. 
of  Act  I.  of  '  Othello.'  These  lines,  begin- 
ning "  When  remedies  are  past,  the  griefs 
are  ended,"  and  concluding  "  That  the 
bruised  heart  was  pierced  through  the 
ear,"  are  so  obviously  the  work  of  a  machin- 
ist, so  to  speak,  a  poetaster  and  a  meaner 
sort  of  rhymer,  and  are  so  needlessly  in- 
truded rhyme  in  the  midst  of  blank  verse 
that  it  is  marvellous,  and  nothing  less  than 
unaccountable,  that  all  editors  permit 
them  to  stand.  They  add  nothing  to  the 
argument  of  the  story  at  this  point  ;  they 
advance  not  a  morsel  either  of  the  actions, 
the  call  of  Othello  to  the  Turkish  War,  or 
his  apologies  for  winning  Desdemona  for 
his  wife  ;  they  are  not  in  the  style  of  the  rest 
of  the  play  (nor,  for  that  matter,  in  the 
style  of  the  Duke  or  of  Brabantio,  into 
whose  mouths  the  miserable  rhymer  puts 


them).  For  all  the  procedure  of  the  play 
needs  at  this  point,  the  nineteen  lines  from 
the  line 

Which,  as  a  grise  or  step,  may  help  these  lovers 

Into  your  favor     .    .    . 
down  to 

I  humbly  beseech  you,  proceed  to  the  affairs 
of  state, 

might  be  left  out  altogether  without  the 
slightest  loss. 

Dr.  Halliwell-Phillipps  used  to  say  to 
me  that  he  trusted  his  own  ear  implicitly 
to  tell  him  what  Shakespeare  wrote, 
and  that  his  ear  had  never  deceived  him  ; 
I  wonder  what  he  would  have  said  if  I 
had  repeated  to  him  such  lines  as 

To  mourn  a  mischief  that  is  past  and  gone 
Is  the  next  way  to  draw  new  mischief  on ; 

or 

So  let  the  Turk  of  Cyprus  us  beguile, 
We  lose  it  not  so  long  as  we  can  smile 

(rather  a  craven  speech  for  a  Venetian 
Senator),  and  called  them  "  Shakespeare  "  ! 
However,  whatever  one  editor  includes 
is  more  or  less  of  a  temptation  for  his  suc- 
cessor, I  suppose  ! 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  4, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


For  example,  in    the  scene  in  Shallow's 
orchard,    where    the    two    aged    humbugs, 
Falstaff   and  Shallow,  pose  to  each  other  as  j 
to  what  sad  dogs  they  were  in  their  youth,  i 
Silence  sits  in  dumb  contempt.     Nor  does 
he  open  his  lips  until  Pistol  bursts  in  and  j 
announces     to     Falstaff     that     he     is    now  j 
"  One  of  the  greatest  men  in  the  realm  "  !  i 
This  is  quite  too  much  for   Master  Silence,  | 
who  sneers,  "  I  think  that  Sir  John  Falstaff 
is  rather  a  mere  windy  humbug."    Only  he 
does  not    say    "  windy    humbug "   but    "I 
think  a'  be  but  Goodman  Puff  of  Barson  " 
(a   local   equivalent   of   the   nature    of   our  j 
later  friend  "  Brooks  of  Sheffield  "). 

But  this  speech,  "I  think  a'  be  but  Good- 
man Puff  of  Barson,"  is    printed  in  every  • 
edition,  early  and  late,  of  the  second  part 
of  '  King  Henry  the  Fourth '  (V.  iv.  94),  with  | 
a    superflous    comma    between    "  be "    and  j 
«  but  "  :— 

I  think  a'  be,  but  Goodman  Puff  of  Barson. 
That    misguided    and    unnecessary  comma; 
somehow  got  itself  into  the  first  quarto,  I 
believe,  and  has  snuggled  there  ever  since. 

APPLETON  MORGAN, 
President  of  the  New  York 
Shakespeare  Society. 

New  York  City. 

PAPER    FROM    STRAW.  —  In    '  N.    &    Q.'  \ 
I  S.  ii.  60  (June,  1850)  is  a  reference  (though  ! 
the  full  title  is  not  given)  to  Matthias  Koop's 
'  Historical   account   of  the  substances  which 
have  been  used  to  describe  events,  and  to  con-  • 
vey  ideas,  from  the  earliest  date  to  the  inven- 
tion of  paper.'     Printed   on   the  first   useful 
paper  manufactured  solely   (sic)  from  straw. 
London,   1800.        It    is    interesting    to    see 
from  a  copy  which  has  just  come  into  my 
hands  how  well  the  paper  has  stood  after 
a    period    of    120    years.     The    appearance 
is  not,  of  course,  attractive  to  eyes  accus-  j 
tomed  to  the  general  use  of  white  paper,  i 
though  it  is  infinitely  better  than  some  we  I 
have  experienced  during  the  past  few  years,  j 

Koop's  name  does  not  appear  on  the  title 
page   of  his  book,   but  the  address  to  his 
*'  Most    Gracious    Sovereign,"    dated    Sept., 
1800,  is  signed  by  him  in  ink.       It  will  be 
remembered  that  the  appendix  is  printed 
on    paper   made    from    wood    pulp.     Koop 
took  out  a  patent  in    1800  for  converting1 
used  paper,  and  another  in  August  of  the 
same    year,    though    the    specification    was  i 
not  enrolled.     In  Feb.,   1801,  he  took  out; 
a  third  patent  for  manufacturing  paper  from 
straw,    hay,   thistles,   waste   and   refuse   of 
-hemp  and  flax,  &c.          ROLAND  AUSTIN. 


"  DEMAGOGUE."— The  first '  N.E.D.'  record 
for  this  word  is  1648  (E 'ikon  Basil.).  Milton, 
in  1649  (EikonkL),  treats  it  as  a  "  goblin 
word  "  and  observes  that  "  the  King  by  his 
lease  cannot  coine  English  as  he  could  mony." 
The  following  note,  communicated  to  me 
by  Professor  Bensly,  would  seem  to  point 
to  a  much  earlier,  though  perhaps  very 
restricted,  use  of  the  word  in  English : — 

"Gilbert  Cousin  (1506-1572),  canon  of 
Nozeray  and  at  one  time  Erasmus's  secre- 
tary, collected  adagia.  At  the  end  of  the 
1574  ed.  of  Erasmus's  Adagia  is : — 

HAPOIMIQN  STAAOFH,  Gilberto  Cognato 
lectore  et  interprete,  quas  Erasmus  in  suas 
Chiliadas  non  retulit :  exceptis  paucis, 
quarum  uaria  est  lectio  et  expositio. 

Of  the  examples  of  rrapoifjiiai  in  this  collec- 
tion of  Cousin,  No.  cccclxxvi.  (misprinted 
ccc  .  .  .)  is — 

Ab  aure  reuinctos  ducit. 

In  the  article  on  this  proverb  Cousin  writes, 
"  Hinc  Athenienses  oratores  suos  dij^aycayoiis 
&  populi  ductores  appellant  .  .  .  " 

Later,  after  quoting  from  Virgil  : — 

Ille  regit  dictis  animos,  &  temperat  iras— - 
he  adds,  "  Angli  dicunt,  demagog,  (italics  in 
1574)  est  enim  drj/jLaywyelv,  siverbumde  verbo 
reddas,  populum  trahere." 

This  does  not  occur  in  Cousin's  collection 
as  given  in  his  Opera  (1562). 

I  have  consulted  Pierre -Andre  Pidoux 
in  "  Un  humaniste  comtois,"  &c.,  in  the 
"  Memoires  de  la  societe  d' emulation  du 
Jura,"  8e  serie,  t.  iv.  (1910).  Pidoux  says 
that  the  collection  of  Cousin's  Adagia  in  the 
1574  ed.  of  Erasmus's  Adagia  is  "  la  plus 
parfaite "  and  that  later  edd.  are  inter- 
polated. 

Did  Cousin  get  his  statement  from  Eras- 
mus  ?  I  do  not  find  that  Cousin  visited 
England."  E.  W. 

WOLF. — "  Much  legend  has  collected  round 
this  fierce  carnivore.  .  .  .  Pliny,  unable 
to  sift  truth  from  falsehood,  was  in  this 
matter  '  an  eager  listener  to  all  old  woman's 
tales.'  ^Elian  added  to  his  marvels  and 
asserted  that  the  wolf  cannot  bend  its 
head  back.  .  .  ."  —  'The  Cambridge 
Natural  History,'  vol.  x.,  p.  421,  1920. 

On  this  subject  the  Chinese  opine  quite 
contrariwise.  They  say  one  characteristic 
of  the  wolf  is  its  bending  the  head  back 
frequently  (Li  Shi  Chin,  '  System  of 
Materia  Medica,'  1578,  tome  xi.).  Ac- 
cording to  Wan  Shi-Chmg's  '  Shi-shwoh- 
sin-yii-pu,  1556,  tome  vii.,  Sze-Ma  I., 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


a  distinguished  strategist  of  the  third 
century  A.D.,  was  notorious  for  his  habit 
of  bending  his  head  back  extraordinarily; 
once  his  master,  Tsau  Tsau,  in  order 
to  attest  the  truth  of  the  rumour,  called  and 
made  him  go  before  and  ordered  him  to 
look  behind  ;  then  he  turned  his  face  just 
opposite  the  front,  without  the  slightest 
motion  of  his  body. 

According  to  O.  F.  von  Mollendorff,  '  The 
Vertebrata  of  the  Province  of  Chihli,'  in  the  I 
Journal  of  the  North  China  Branch  of  the 
Royal  Asiatic  Society,  New  Series,  xi., 
Shanghai,  1877,  the  Chinese  wolf  is  the 
same  species  with  the  European  one  (Canis 

lupUS.}  KUMAGUSU    MlNAKATA. 

Tanabe,  Kii,  Japan. 

'  WOMAN  AND  HER  MASTER.' — The   death  | 
at   the   age  of   82  of   Lady   Bancroft   may  I 
recall   to   some    people    the    tremendously  j 
exciting    "  booth  "  .  drama    of     *  The    Life  | 
and     Death    of     Ned     Cantor ;      or,     The 
Mysteries     of       Bordercleuch     And       The 
Negro    Slave's   Revenge,'     in    which   Marie  j 
Wilton  figured  as  a  sailor  boy-hero  at   the  i 
Bath     Theatre     in     1855     with    distinctly* 
marked     promise.      This     was     a     clumsy 
piracy  of  some  episodes  in  the  once-famous 
story,    '  Woman   and   Her   Master,'    which  i 
made  the  fortune  of  George  Stiff  and  his  \ 
London  Journal.     This  very  long  story  of  | 
love,"  mystery,  and  horror  (which  gave  the 
periodical,  it  is  said,  thrice  the  number  of  | 
enthralled  readers  that  the  best  of  Charles ! 
Dickens's   shilling   serials   enjoyed   at    that  i 
period)    has    a    particular     East     London 
interest  because  it  was  the  composition  of ; 
that  very  erratic    genius    J.  P.  Smith,  who 
for  long  intermittently  lodged  nearly  opposite  i 
The    Hayfield,    then     still     a     conspicuous  \ 
coaching  and  posting  inn  in  the  Mile   End  J 
Road  ;    and  both  the  son  and  his  still  more  | 
"  bohemian  "  father,  who  turned  up  occa-  j 
sionally  needing  help,  were  well  known  to  j 
all  the  sworn  "  Brethren  "  of  "  the  Road  to  | 
Harwich "   from  Aldgate  to   the   old  east- 
coast    port  of  departure  to  Germany  and  j 
Northern  Europe,  and  known,  too,  as  old 
comrades  to  most  of  the  buskers  from  the ! 
Pavilion    Theatre    of    Whitechapel    to    the 
Norwich  circuit  of  strolling  players.     It  is 
on  that  famous  and  familiar  coaching  road 
through  East   Anglia   from   the  metropolis 
that  the  opening  incident  of  '  Woman  and 
Her  Master '   is  set ;    and   "  Ned  Cantor," 
who   figures    early    and    late    in   the    twice ; 
expanded   plot,  is  a   worse   scoundrel   than 


Bill  Sikes  or  any  of  the  rogues  who  were 
"  in  fashion "  among  novelists  .  of  the 
middle  nineteenth  century. 

By  the  by,  no  small  part  of  the  repute 
of  The  London  Journal  among  the  more 
educated  middle  class  of  England  (for  the 
periodical  was  as  often  found  in  parlours 
and  boudoirs  as  in  kitchens)  was  due  to 
the  native  artistic  development  of  crafts- 
manship in  the  wood  engravings  of  J.  F. 
Smith's  stories  from  '  Stanfield  Hall '  to 
'  Temptation.'  This  was  the  work  of  John 
Gilbert,  another  East  Londoner  in  his 
youth,  the  son  of  a  Captain  of  the  Tower 
Hamlets  Militia  ;  and  both  father  and  son 
were  well  acquainted  with  the  coterie  of  the 
gossip  corner  in  the  hub  of  Mile  End.  It 
was  a  legend  of  the  coffee-room  of  The  Hay- 
field  that  there  the  "  deal  "  was  concerted 
by  which  J.  F.  Smith  escaped  from  the 
bondage  (occasioned  by  his  eccentricities) 
of  The  London  Journal  to  the  more  strenuous 
hack-work  (but  better  paid)  of  the  new 
enterprises  in  periodical  literature  set  np  by 
John  Cassell.  Me. 

HISTORY  REPEATS  ITSELF. — A  coincidence 
is  found  in  two  anecdotes  narrated  in 
legal  ana.  In  '  The  Law,  What  I  have 
seen,'  &c.,  by  Cyrus  Jay,  1868,  p.  118,  ffc 
is  told  how  Sir  John  Sylvester,  Recorder 
of  London  (d.  1882),  on  finding  the  clock 
at  the  Old  Bailey  had  stopped,  felt  for  hi3 
watch,  and  exclaimed,  "  I  have  left  it  in 
the  watch-pocket  over  my  pillow."  This 
was  heard  by  a  sharp  thief,  who  hastened 
to  the  Recorder's  house  in  Russell  Square, 
and  obtained  the  watch  from  a  country- 
girl  servant  there :  the  result  being  that 
"  every  watch-stealer,  after  this  occurrence, 
was  punished  twofold." 

In  '  Leaves  of  a  Life,'  by  Montagu 
Williams,  Q.C.,  1890,  chap,  xxi.,  the 
author  cites  "  a  rather  good  story,  though 
I  am  not  prepared  to  vouch  for  its  truth," 
to  the  effect  that  Sir  James  Ingham,  soon 
after  his  appointment  as  Chief  Magistrate 
at  Bow  Street  in  1875,  having  before  him 
what  turned  out  to  be  a  mistaken  charge 
of  watch-stealing,  took  occasion  to  remark 
that  he  had  that  morning  accidentally  left 
his  exceedingly  valuable  watch  at  home 
at  his  house  at  Kensington  ;  upon  which 
a  fictitious  "  man  from  Bow  Street  "  forth- 
with hastened  to  the  Chief  Magistrate's 
house  and  obtained  the  watch  from^  the 
latter's  daughter. 

How  far  one  of  these  two  alleged  occur- 


12  s.  vm.  JUNE  4, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


rences   may   have   suggested    the    other    it 
is  not  needful  to  inquire  ;  but  the  repetition, 
with    circumstantial    alteration    of    details, 
is  a  little  curious,  if  it  be  repetition  .only, ! 
as  seems  possible.  W.  B.  H. 

AMERICAN  ENGLISH. — In  the  Presidential 
Address  of  Mr.  Harding  to  the  joint  Session  j 
of  Congress,  on  April  12,  1921,  I  find,  (1)  p.  3, ' 
"We  were  so  illy  prepared."     Though   the - 
word  is  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  I  diffidently  suggest  j 
that  it  is  a   misunderstanding    of   English ! 
adverbs.    (2)  p.  8,  "  The  United  States  means 
to  establish."     N.B.  the  singular. 

H.  C N. 

New  Court,  Temple. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in-  j 
formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest  i 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries,  \ 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct,  j 


WINDOW  TAX  AND  DAIRIES. — A  corre- 
spondent in.'N.  &  Q.'  (1851)  states  that  j 
a  tax  was  laid  on  glass  windows  in  1695. 
In  the  House  Tax  Act  of  Geo.  III.  in  1808, 
(48  Geo.  III.,  c.  55)  Schedule  A  gave  rules 
for  charging  windows  or  lights,  the  tax 
being  graduated  according  to  the  number 
of  windows.  Between  1695  and  1808  did 
windows  escape  taxation  ? 

I  understand  the  window  tax  was  con- 
verted into  the  inhabited  house  duty  in 
1851.  (14/15  Vic.,  c.  36)  and  the  correspon- ! 
dent  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  under  date  June  7,  1851, ! 
writes,  "  the  window  duties  have  of  late  | 
provoked  much  discussion,"  but  the  window  j 
tax  does  not  seem  to  have  been  repealed  i 
till  1872  by  the  Statute  Law  Revision  Act  | 
(35/36  Vic.,  c.  97).  Were  windows  still  j 
taxable  in  some  form  or  other  between 
1851  and  1872  ? 

Under  the  window    tax    the    window    of 
a  dairy  or  cheese  room  was  exempt,  and  I ! 
have    read    that    to    satisfy     the    inspector  | 
under  the   tax — the    "  Window   Peeper  " — 
a  board  or  wooden  label  marked    "  Dairy," 
"  Cheese  Room,"    "  Cheese    Chamber,"  &c., 
had  to  be  affixed  to  the  windows  for  which  | 
exemption  was  claimed.     Do  any  of  these 
boards  still  exist  or  are  there  any  references 
to   indicate   what   windows   could   be,    and 
were,  so  marked  ?     Were  the  windows  in  a 
cow-house  exempt  ?    I  have  a  note,  unfortu- 
natelv    without    reference,    that    in  towns, 


over  "pantry"  windows,  wooden  labels 
marked  "  Cheese  Room  "  or  "Dairy  "  used 
to  be  displayed.  I  shall  be  obliged  for  any 
references.  R.  HEDGER  WALLACE. 

HENRY  CLAY. — I  am  anxious  to  know 
between  what  dates  Henry  Clay,  papier 
mache  manufacturer  (who  was  in  Birming- 
ham about  1772),  had  a  shop  in  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden.  V.  H.  COLLINS. 

CORKER  (CoRCOR).— The  answers  I  have 
seen  given  to  correspondents  in  '  N".  &.  Q.' 
encourage  me  to  inquire  whether  anti- 
quaries of  Yorkshire  or  Lincolnshire  have 
met  the  name  Corker  or  Corcor  in  documents, 
or  otherwise  in  their  researches.  I  possess 
some  interesting  data  which  it  is  needless 
to  refer  to  Jiere.  Perhaps  some  corre- 
spondents would  be  so  kind  as  to  write  to 
me,  to  the  Junior  United  Service  Club, 
Charles  Street,  London.  T.  M.  CORKER 

(Maj.-Gen.  Ret.). 

ROBERT  JOHNSON. — Governor  of  South 
Carolina,  died  May  3,  1735.  There  is  a 
monument,  I  understand,  to  his  memory 
in  St.  Philip's  Church,  Charleston.  Did 
he  die  at  Charleston  ?  Was  he  married, 
and  if  so,  when  and  to  whom  ?  What  was 
the  name  of  his  mother  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

Louis  MASQTJERIER. — A  goldsmith  in 
Coventry  Street,  Haymarket,  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  eighteenth  century.  I  should 
be  glad  to  learn  what  family  Masquerier 
left,  and  if  any  child  of  his  succeeded  to 
the  business.  His  widow,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Madeleine  Touchet,  married 
Reynolds  Grignion,  the  engraver. 

G.  F.  R,  B. 

ACID  TEST. — Who  is  responsible  for  the 
currency  of  this  expression  in  its  figurative 
sense  ?  E.  W. 

"  HOWLERS." — The  reason  for  the  use 
of  this  expression  has  been  recently  sought, 
apparently  in  vain.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  have  the  views  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  readers 
thereon.  Although  a  couple  of  humorous 
examples  were  given  (see  10  S.  vi.  486), 
the  origin  of  the  word  has  not  been  dis- 
cussed in  these  pages.  I  have  heard  people 
say  of  some  particularly  mirth-provoking 
joke,  "  it  was  enough  to  make  a  dog  howl 
with  laughter."  So,  maybe,  the  canine 
world  is  responsible  for  the  saying. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


JAMES  LOBIMEB. — James  Lorimer  ma- 
triculated at  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen, 
in  1670;  M.A.,  1674;  Regent,  1679; 
Minister  of  Kelso,  1683  ;  Second  Master, 
St.  Mary's  College,  St.  Andrews,  1686  ; 
First  Master  and  Principal,  1687  ;  Rector 
and  D.D.,  1688  ;  ejected  (with  the  whole 
staff),  1690.  Is  anything  known  of  his 
subsequent  career  ?  P.  J.  ANDERSON. 

Aberdeen  University  Library. 

FOBDBAUGHT  OB  FOBDBAFT. This  is  a 

common  word  in  Warwickshire  for  a  little 
by-road  that  leads  to  nowhere.  What  is 
the  etymology  of  the  word  ?  I  don't  know 
how  it  should  be  spelled  ;  and  I  can't  find 
it^in  the  '  N.E.D.'  nor  in  Skeat. 

HABBY  K.  HUDSON. 
Stratford  Lodge,  Twickenham. 

[The  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary '  has  it 
with  the  first  spelling  but  notes  the  second  for 
Worcester,  and  some  other  spellings.  The  meaning 
given  is  "  a  lane  or  path  for  purposes  of  draught 
between  two  farms."  The  word  is  used  in 
Warwick,  Worcester  and  Sussex.  The  only  thing 
approaching  an  etymological  suggestion  is  that  it 
signifies  "  leading  forth  from  a  farm  or  house  to 
a  high  roal  or  fields."] 

THE  BBONTE  POEMS.— Can  the  following 
excerpt  from  the  Miscellany  Column  of 
The  Manchester  Guardian  of  May  2  be 
answered  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  ? — 

The  inclusion  in  the  sale  catalogue  of  Sir  Arthur 
Brooke's  library  of  a  first  edition  of  '  Poems  by 
Currer,  Acton,  and  Ellis  Bell,'  which  formerly 
belonged  to  Charles  Dickens,  raises  an  inter- 
esting query  as  to  how  the  great  novelist  came 
by  that  particular  book.  .  .  .  Charlotte  had 
to  lament  that  '  in  the  space  of  a  year  the  pub- 
lisher had  disposed  of  but  two  copies.  .  .  .' 
There  are,  of  course,  a  number  of  ways  in  which 
Dickens  may  have  acquired  his  copy,  but  one 
would  like  to  be  able  to  believe  that  he  was  the 
purchaser  of  one  of  those  two  copies  sold. 

J.   B.   MCGOVEBN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

ANSTBUTHEB  :  VANSITTABT  :  YULE  :  CAB- 
DEW. — I  should  be  grateful  if  anyone  could 
tell  me  whether  any  member  of  the  above 
families  was  in  the  12th  Regiment.  I 
possess  a  portrait  in  pencil,  well  executed, 
of  a  soldier  of  that  Regiment  wearing  many 
orders — nine  crosses,  one  star  and  a  small 
oval  order.  The  date  of  the  portrait  is  about 
1820,  and  it  is  signed  "  Emily,"  which  was 
probably  the  Christian  name  of  Mrs.  Van- 
sittart,  nee  Anstruther,  wife  of  William 
Vansittart,  H.E.I.C.S.  and  M.P.  for  Windsor. 
She  died  in  1844-5.  LEONABD  C.  PBICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 


THE  "  PLAGUE  PITS." — What  is  known 
regarding  the  sites  of  the  so-called  "  Plague 
Pits  "  ?  Are  there  any  books  on  the  sub- 
ject ?  J.  W.  G. 

HANGING   A   SCOTCH   FALCONEB,    1616. — 
|  In  Oct.,  1616,  Mr.   Justice  Warburton  was 
I  in    some    disfavour    for    hanging    a    Scotch 
:  falconer  of  the  King's  at  Oxford,  contrary, 
j  as  alleged,   to   the  express   command   that 
he  should  be  reprieved.     It  was  generally 
said  that  he  should  be  displaced  and  have 
a  writ  of  ease,  as  it  was  called  ;  but  it  appears 
the  royal  wrath  was  appeased,  as  the  judge 
continued    on   the   bench  of   the   Court    of 
Commons  Pleas.     This  is  the  substance  of 
a  foot-note  in  J.  P.  Hore's  '  History  of  New- 
market,'   1886  (vol.   i.,  p.    193).     Reference 
!  is   made   to   a    manuscript    in   the   British 
Museum    (Birch    MS.,    4173),    and   also    to 
!  The  Field  of  Dec.  27,  1854,  p.  880,  presum- 
i  ably    for    details.       But  on  turning  to  the 
latter  no  mention  of  the  case  is  to  be  found. 
As  I  am  unable  to  get  to  London  to  consult 
the  MS.   referred  to,   I   should   be  glad  to 
know  whether  the  details  of  the  case  are  to 
be  found  printed   elsewhere,   and   to  learn 
the   name  .of   the   royal   falconer   and    the 
nature  of  his  offence.         J.  E.  HABTING. 

CHUBCH  BUILDING  AND  PABLIAMENTABY 
COMMISSIONEBS. — In  Cooke's  '  Topography 
of  Devon,'  c.  1832,  there  appears  on  p.  186 
the  following  statement — referring,  of  course, 
to  Plymouth  : — 

Application  for  two  new  Churches  in  the  parishes 
of  St.  Charles  and  St.  Andrew  was  made  to  the 
Parliamentary  Commissioners  in  1828. 

I  should  like  information  as  to  : — • 
When     these     Commissioners     were     ap- 
pointed ? 

By  what  authority  ? 
What  were  their  powers  ? 
What  funds  they  controlled  ? 
When  they  ceased  to  exist  ? 

W.  S.  B.  H. 

WILLIAM  THOMAS,  M.P.,  1640-41. — Can 
anyone  say  whether  this  man  was  a  descend- 
ant of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  K.G.,  fifteenth 
century  ?  R.  E.  THOMAS. 

*  JOHN  INGLESANT.' — Can  one  of  your 
readers  tell  me  if  there  is  any  edition  ol 
*  John  Inglesant,'  or  other  work,  published 
in  which  a  key  is  given  to  the  different 
places  referred  to  in  that  book  ?  Lucis. 


12  s.  vm.  TUN* 4,  i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


HANDSHAKING. — When  did  it  become 
customary  for  a  hostess  to  shake  hands 
on  receiving  a  visitor  ?  I  ask  because  of 
the  following  passage  in  The  Rambler, 
No.  138,  July  13,  1751  :— 
-  .  .  The  freedom  and  laxity  of  a  rustick  life 
produces  remarkable  particularities  of  conduct 
or  manner.  In  the  province  where  I  now  reside, 
we  have  one  lady  eminent  for  wearing  a  gown 
always  of  the  same  cut  and  colour  ;  another  for 
shaking  hands  with  those  that  visit  her  ;  and  a 
third  for  unshaken  resolution  never  to  let  tea 
or  coffee  enter  her  house. 

J.  J.  FREEMAN. 

•'  PARLIAMENT  CLOCK." — I  have  just  come 
into  possession  of  a  "  Parliament  Clock," 
as  I  imderstand  this  type  of  clock  was 
called.  A  very  large-faced,  wooden  dial 
is  its  prominent  feature.  I  understand  that 
these  large  time -pieces  came  into  use  in 
1797-8,  when  a  tax  was  placed  on  clocks  and 
watches  and  public -minded  folk  went  to  the 
•expense  of  putting  up  such  noticeable  clocks 
with  a  view  to  assisting  "  to  break  the  tax," 
since  by  thus  exposing  time  publicly  and 
freely  there  would  be  fewer  watches  and 
clocks  left  to  tax.  As  so  often  happens  with 
"  legends  "  they  are  "  just  about  "  until  the 
time  comes  for  verification.  The  clock 
being  actually  mine,  upon  proceeding  to  look 
up  references  I  cannot  trace,  among  quite  a 
number  of  books  that  should  help,  any 
single  reference  to  complete  the  history  in 
established  form  of  my  trophy — if  it  be  such. 

I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  information 
from  '  N.  &  Q.'  WILLIAM  R.  POWER. 

[Our  correspondent  ST.  SWITHIV  asked  thi* 
•question  at  11  S.  x.  130,  but  it  has  remained 
unanswered.] 

PITT'S  PEERS. — I  understand  that  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  any- 
one possessed  of  £20,000  a  year  could 
petition  the  King  to  be  called  to  the  House 
of  Lords  as  a  "  Pitt's  Peer."  Where  could 
one  read  a  succinct  and  reliable  account  of 
that  privilege ;  and  is  it  known  what 
families  thus  obtained  peerage  representa- 
tion ?  G.  B.  M. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — Who  wrote  '  The  wild 
Geese  of  Fontenoy.'  I  believe  it  deals  with  the 
career  of  Patrick  Sarsfleld,  or  at  all  events  with 
the  doings  of  the  Irish  Brigade  on  the  Continent, 
though  I  do  not  know  the  exact  significance 
of  the  title.  W.  H.  GINGELL. 

Who  said,  "  Beware  of  the  woman  who  does 
not  like  cats  "  ? 

One  of  our  clients  is  most  anxious  to  locate 
this  quotation.  ASA  DON  DICKINSON, 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  Librarian. 

Philadelphia, 


LEGAY  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  AND 
LONDON. 

(12  S.  viii.  341,  362,  385.) 

THE  following  letter  by  Peter  Legay 
(see  ante,  p.  362)  is  interesting  as  an  indica- 
tion of  character.  The  reference  is  State 
Papers,  Domestic,  of  Charles  II.,  vol.  cccc., 
at  the  Public  Record  Office,  No.  47  : — 

Janvary  the   10th    1677/8. 
Honored  ST 

About  an  hower  agoe  I  reced  your  kind  Letter 
dated  yesterday,  by  wch  you  are  pleased  to  give 
me  notice  that  Sa  :  Masters  &c  makes  a  great 
Complaint  a  gainst  mee  that  I  opress  him,  by 
Charging  200  fagots  to  his  accot  wch,  I  sent  to 
one  Addisen  and  was  pilfer  them  by  the  said 
Addsion,  &c  S*  I  am  sencible  of  youre  tender- 
nesse  to  mee  &  my  reputation  in  this  (as  well 
as  other  Matters),  wch  putts  you  to  the  trouble 
of  interposinge  and  knowe  not  howe  to  express 
my  thankfullnesse  to  you  for  the  same,  and 
more  especially  that  you  woold  vndertake  to 
promise  for  mee  that  I  shoold  amend  anie  error 
or  mistake  by  mee  comitted  in  that  behalfe 
wch  ST  be  asured  you  shall  find  mee  readie  to 
doe.  And  I.  shall  freely  referr  the  thinge  to  your 
Selfe  to  be  Ordered  by  you,  as  you  in  your  good 
discretion  shall  apointe  and  to  that  purpose  I 
shall  (god  pmittinge)  so  sooene  as  the  weather 
is  better,  and  that  I  cann  walke  or  ride  con- 
veniently (wch  I  cannot  at  present  well  doe  by 
Reason  of  some  infirmitie)  goe  over  to  Chichester 
when  I  hope  I  shall  so  manifest  all  thinges  to 
you  that  it  shall  apear,  I  am  clear  and  innocent, 
in  that  compl  made  against  mee  :  Nowe  that  I 
may  the  better  doe  that,  Lett  mee  reqwest 
you  to  enquier  of  Sa  :  Masters  when  he  bowght 
200  of  fagots  of  mee  for  one  Addison  and  Who 
paid  mee  for  them  and  When :  that  I  may 
search  in  my  booke  after  it,  for  I  Doe  not 
rememb  anie  such  thinke,  but  I  am  Aaged  & 
may  forgett  &  Mistake  wch  I  woold  gladly 
rectifie,  if  I  knowe  my  owne  hart.  I  shall  make 
bold  to  send  Saterday  to  you  that  I  may  knowe. 
Sa.  Masters  answer,  and  may  acordingly  search 
my  booke  &c  pardon  this  treble.  So  I  remain 
Youre  obliged  frend 

P.  LEGAY. 

(Addressed)  For  My  Honored  Frend 
Mr.  John  Braman. 
In  (torn  off). 

J.  BROWNBELL. 

The  following  notes  fill  in  some  gaps  in 
the  account  of  the  family  : — 

Francis  Sampson  (brother  of  Col.  John 
Sampson  of  Barbados)  was  of  London, 
merchant  and  Secretary  of  Antigua  ;  will 
dated  1663,  p.  1668  (23  Coke).  His  widow, 
Mary,  sister  of  Isaac  Legay,  was  of  Ken- 
nington ;  will  dated  and  proved  1677 
(8  Reeve). 


452 


...NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12 s.vm. JUNE 4. 1921. 


Katherine  Legay  (dau.  of  Isaac  and 
Esther  Behout),  married,  Aug.  2,  1631,  at 
St.  Nicholas  Aeons,  Tho.  Butler.  (See  the 
Registers  by  W.  Brigg.)  Their  son,  Jacob 
Butler,  bap.  1633,  became  a  wealthy 
Barbados  merchant.  In  1637-8,  Feb.  24, 
Jacob  Legaye,  brother-in-law  to  Mr.  Tho. 
Butler,  and  Katherine  had  "Banes"  pub- 
lished :  "  Mistaken "  (sic).  Jacob  Butler 
of  London,  merchant  ;  will  dated  1669, 
p.  1670  (45  Perm),  names  cozen  Samuel 
Legay  son  of  cozen  Isaac  Legay.  Cozen 
Isaac  Legay  had  £120  and  was  overseer. 

In  the  churchyard  of  St.  Michael's 
Cathedral,  Barbados,  is  a  slab  recording  the 
deaths  of  Benjamen  Le  Gay,  merchant  and 
ensign  of  Militia,  June  7,  1676,  eel.  27  ;  Eliza, 
wife  of  John  Legay,  Sept.  25,  1677  ;  also 
John,  husband  of  Eliza,  July  14,  1685. 

St.  Anthony  Montserrat. — Buried,  1725-6, 
March  19,  Valentine,  a  Slave  of  John 
Legayes. 

Jamaica. — John  Legay  :  will  recorded  in 
1731  in  the  island. 

Barbados. — 1721,  Jacob  Le  Gay  (205 
Buckingham). 

Barbados  Record  Office. — In  the  Probate 
Office  are  the  following  wills  : — Jacob  Legay, 
1685  and  1688.  John  Leggay,  1685. 
Jacob  Legay,  1728  ;  Benjamin,  1736  ; 
Jonathan,  1738;  Ann,  1747;  Jane,  1787. 
(No  more  names  to  1800.) 

V.  L.  OLIVER,  F.S.A. 

Weymouth. 

PETTY  FRANCE  (12  S.  viii.  407).  - 
M.  E.  W.  credits  me  with  thinking  that  the 
name  Petty  France  is  far  older  than  the 
Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  In  my 
little  book  on  Westminster  to  which  M.  E.  W. 
refers,  I  stated  it  as  a  fact,  not  an  opinion 
merely,  though,  as  M.  E.  W.  justly  says,  I 
did  not  give  any  reason.  The  earliest 
instance  I  have  so  far  met  with  is  in  a 
lease  dated  1518  from  the  Abbot  and  Convent 
of  Westminster  of  a  tenement  in  Le  Petty- 
ffraunce  by  St.  Mary  Magdalene's  Chapel. 
The  thanks  which  M.  E.  W.  conceives  to 
ba  due  to  the  L.C.C.  should  be  sent  to  the 
Westminster  City  Council. 

H.  F.  WESTLAKE. 

To  the  very  pleasant  [note  at  'this  reference 
permit  me  to  add  that' the  derivation  of  the 
name  is  said  to  be  (Mackenzie  Walcot, 
'Memorial  of  Westminster,'  p.  288)  "where 
the  French  Merchants  lived  who  came  over  to 
trade  at  the  Staple  "  (Petty  Calais).  Before 
me  is  a  pencil  drawing  of  the  house,  garden, 


and  neighbouring  garden,  made  in  1834,  which 
shows  the  tablet  referred  to  by  M.  E.  W,, 
then  above  a  ridge  and  wall  which  partly 
fronts  the  roof.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

THE  NEW  THEATRE,  HAMMERSMITH  (12 
S.  viii.  408). — The  existence  of  this  theatre 
at  the  date  of  its  playbill  (1785)  need  not 
be  questioned  if  it  is  realized  that  only  a 
"  fit -up  "  or  short  season  in  some  existing 
building  was  the  requirement.  Such  "  ex- 
pedient' theatres  were  not  uncommon. 
Hampstead  had  at  least  one  season  of  the 
drama  in  Hampstead  Square,  but  the  most 
remarkable  instance  was  the  thea  re  at 
Parkgate  in  Cheshire.  There  was  no  local 
requirement ;  the  village  was  more  insigni- 
ficant even  than  Hammersmith ;  but 
numerous  and  wealthy  possible  patrons 
were  constantly  en  route  to  and  from  Holy- 
head  and  Dublin. 

Perhaps  some  such  body  of  patrons  en 
route  to  Bath  was  the  reason  of  the  exist- 
ence of  the  theatre  at  Hammersmith.- 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

In  The  Times  of  May  5,  1921,  was  printed 
a  facsimile  of  the  playbill  of  the  first  per- 
formance in  this  theatre  from  a  copy  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Nigel  Playfair,  of  the 
Lyric  Theatre,  Hammersmith.  It  an- 
nounces : — 

The  New  Theatre,  Hammersmith,  Will  be 
Open'd  on  Friday  next,  June  10,  1785,  with  The 
Beggar's  Opera.  ...  To  which  will  be  added 
a  Farce,  call'd  All  the  World's  a  Stage. 

The  actors  were  Mr.. Wright,  Mr.  Waldron, 
Mr.  Follett,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Benson,  Mr.  Payne , 
Mr.  Macdonnel,  Mr.  Alfred,  Mr.  Brown, 
Mr.  Howard,  Mrs.  Monk,  Mrs.  Wellman, 
Mrs.  Davenett,  Miss  Clark  and  Miss  Cran- 
ford.  FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

SIR  HANS  SLOANE'S  BLOOMSBURY  HOUSE 
(12  S.  viii.  211,  277,  312).— One  letter  in 
the  Sloane  MSS.  is  addressed  to  Sir  Hans 
"  3  doors  from  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  in 
Bloomsbury  Square."  This  is  the  most 
specific  direction  so  far  noticed,  and  still 
places  his  house  in  Great  Russell  Street,  as 
Bedford  House  occupied  the  whole  of  the 
north  side  of  the  square.  The  contents 
of  the  letter  are  not  devoid  of  interest,  as 
evidence  that  at  least  one  prejudice  has 
been  killed  in  the  course  of  two  centuries : — • 

25  Jan.  1727.  I  most  humbly  take  the  liberty 
of  writing  to  you  knowing  that  you  are  very 
ready  to  give  your  advice.  I  am  a  young  man 
about  18  years  of  age  who  has  always  been  sub- 
ject as  long  as  I  can  remember  to  a  great  weak- 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  4,  i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


ness   in  my   eyes   insomuch   that   I   cannot   read, 


there  is  a  mist  that  conies  over  them  so  that  I 
cannot  discern  one  letter,  which  makes  me  think 
that  it  is  only  a  weakness  which  may  be  cured 
for  'my  eyes  viceable  (sic)  seem  very  strong  and 
never  water.  I  am  a  Student  of  the  Law  and  I  am 
ashamed  to  wear  spectacles  in  an  open  Court. 
If  you  would  doe  me  the  honour  to  favour  me 
with  your  opinion  in  a  letter  it  .will  be  ever  acknow- 
ledged by,  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant. 

PETER  CATMELL. 

Please   direct   me   at   Mr.    Gibbons,    Stationer,  i 
near  the  Cloysters  in  the  Temple. 

At   the  end  is  noted  in   Sir  Hans's  own 
writing — as  a  direction  for  his  secretary  : — | 

Cannot   give   any   opinion   unless   he   sees   the  j 
person  in  a  clear  day  about  one  o'clock. 

Helmholtz,  the  great  physicist,  remarks 
in  one  of  his  lectures  that  it  has  never  been 
sufficiently  recognized  that  the  study  of; 
optics  has  enabled  many  to  lead  useful  lives 
who  would  otherwise  have  been  a  burden 
to  themselves  and  to  society.  J.  P.  DE  C. 


"  MAGDALEN  "  OR  "  MAWDLEN  "  ( 12  S.  viii. 
366,  417). — Here  is  a  still  earlier  case  of 
the  second  form.  In  Henry  VI. 's  Patent 
Roll  (1448,  26  Henry  VI.)  for  the  founda- 
tion of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford  (p.  5  of 
the  printed  1853  text),  we  read  : — 

Aula  beatae  Mariae  Magdalenae,  vulgaritor 
dictum  Maudaleyne  Hall  in  Universitate 
Oxoniae. 

The  Latin   Statutes   of    1479   give   only  :— 
Seynte  Mary  Magdalen    College    in    the    Uni- 
versite  of  Oxford  (p.  5  of  same  text). 

W.  A.   B.   COOLIDGE, 
Senior  Ft  How  of  St.  Mary 
Magdalen  College. 

CLUB  MEMBERSHIP  LONGEVITY  (12  S.  viii. 
410). — Mr.  Berkeley  Portman's  record  of 
70  years  at  the  United  University  was 
surpassed  by  the  late  Lord  Wemyss,  who 
was  elected  to  the  Carlton  Club  in  1840 
and  remained  a  member  until  his  death 
in  1914 — a  period  of  74  years. 

GERALD    LODER. 


THE  CAVEAC  TAVERN  (12  S.  vi.  170,  216, 
279). — -Possibly  the  following  advertisement 
from  The  Daily  Courant  of  Saturday,  Nov. 
19,  1720,  will  bring  MR.  CECIL  CLARKE  a  step 
or  two  nearer  to  his  journey's  end  : — 


given  on  Tuesday  next  at  the  Loyal  Coffee- 
house  in  Spread  Eagle  Court  against  the  Angel 
and  Crown  Tavern  next  Caviack's,  to  dispatch 
the  affairs  concerning  the  said  Patent. 

J.   P.   DE  C. 


"BEADS  OF  CASTLEDOWNE"    (12  S.  viii. 
. — I  am  much  obliged  to  DR.  MAGRATH 
for  calling  attention  to  this,  which    should 
have    been    explained    at    the     time.     The 
|  word    "  pair,"    as   the   '  N.E.D.'    shows    by 
i  examples  dating    from    1377  to  as  recently 
1  as   1853,  has  frequently  been    applied  to  a 
series  or  succession  of    similar  things,  e.g., 
a  string  of  beads  or  a  pack  of    cards.      In 
bequests  of  rosaries  or  paternosters    it  was 
frequently    specified    that    these     consisted 
of  ten  beads.     The  following   are  examples 


(12  S.  viii. 
331,  376,  417,  435).— In  Norfolk  the  smallest 
pig  of  a  litter  is  called  the  "  pitman."  In 
Staffordshire  it  is  "  ritling."  This  seems 
akin  to  "  reckling,"  referred  to  as  the 
Lincolnshire  synonym. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 
3,  Oakley  Street,  S.W. 

In  the  hill  villages  around  Princes  Ris- 
borough,  Bucks,  the  smallest  pig  of  a  litter 
is  called  a  "  diddling."  R.  McC. 

JOHN  WITTY  (12S.M-  1 3, ]7 7).— Absence  in 
Africa  has  prevented  my  seeing  these  two 
replies  to  my  query  in  12.  S.  vi.  13,  for  both 
of  which  I  am  very  grateful. 

The  John  Witty  who  wrote  to  Ralph 
Thoresby,  Jan.  20,  1709/10,  is  the  man  I 
want  to  trace. 

He  was,  as  MR.  T.  C.  DALE  states,  the 
nephew  of  the  Rector  of  Cocking  ton. 

L.  S. 


>. — A   pair  of    beads    ten   stones   cassideas 
(Inv.  in  Ann.  Beg.,  1768). 

1534. — Item,  ten  bedes  of  ambre  and  ij  cas- 
sildens  with  a  stryng  of  silk  ('  Eng.  Church  Furni- 
ture,' 1866,  p.  195). 

The  word  "  castledowne  "  is  a  corruption 
of  chalcedony,  another  form  of  which  is 
"  cassidoine,"  a  term  applied  to  a  great 
variety  of  semi-transparent  stones  such  as 
agate,  cornelian  or  onyx,  much  used  for  the 
beads  of  rosaries.  Thus  in  the  will  of 
Both,  1503  (Somerset  House),  "A  peyre 
of  bedes  of  Casyldon  "  is  mentioned,  whilst 
the  same  phrase,  "  A  paire  of  beads  of 
Cassaydown,"  occurs  in  the  will  of  Dame 
M.  Kingston,  1548.  An  interesting  parallel 
to  "  castledowne,"  derived  from  "  chal- 
cedony," is  "  cast-me-down,"  a  corrupt  form 
of  "  cassidony  "  (Lavendulastoechas),  of  which 
Gerard  in  his  'Herbal,'  1597,  tells  us, 
"  Some  simple  people  imitating  the  said 
name  doe  call  it  Castle  me  downe "  (Op. 
tit.,  ii.  clxxx.  470).  JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       ii2s.vm.juNB4f  1921. 


VISCOUNT  STAFFOBD,  1680  (12  S.  viii. 
409). — His  Christian  name  was  William. 
His  three  surviving  children  were  Henry, 
John,  and  Francis.  Coat :  or,  a  chevron 
gules.  As  to  a  country  house  of  his  own, 
as  a  younger  son  of  that  date  (1612-1680) 
it  is  most  unlikely  he  ever  had  one.  On 
the  fashionable  outskirts  of  the  town,  he 
lived  in  Tart  Hall  at  the  north  end  of  James 
Street  (now  known  as  Buckingham  Gate), 
which  he  inherited  from  his  mother,  Althea, 
daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Gilbert  the 
seventh  Earl  of  Shrewsbury.  If  Stafford 
had  wished  for  the  country,  he  would ; 
certainly  have  stayed  in  the  Arundel  homes, 
on  which,  through  both  his  parents,  he 
had  a  dual  lien.  His  title  is  still  memorized 
in  ''Stafford  Cot:  F.P.B.,  1811,"  which  is  j 
threatened  with  immediate  demolition ; 
and  in  the  brand-new  flats  which  face  it.  | 
Stafford  How  has  long  since  disappeared. 

M.  E.  W. 

William  Howard,|§Viscount  Stafford,  be- 
headed Dec.,  1680,  married  Mary  Stafford, 
only  sister  and  heiress  of  Henry  Stafford, 
Lord  Stafford,  and  left  issue,  among  others : — 

Henry  Earl  of  Stafford,  d.s.p.,   1719. 

John,  left  issue  two  sons  and  a  daughter, 
whose  great-grandson,  Sir  Geo.  Jerningham, 
was  restored  to  the  Stafford  Barony. 

Francis,  d.s.p. 

Isabella,  Marchioness  of  Winchester. 

Anastasia,  m.  Geo.  Holman  of  Warkworth.  j 

Seat  unknown. 

Arms :  gules,  a  bend  between  six  cross-  j 
lets,  fitchee  argent  a  crescent  for  difference.  I 

Henry,    son    of    Viscount,    was    created  | 
Earl    of    Stafford    in    1688,    and    this    title  j 
became  extinct  in  1762.     The  Barony  was! 
restored,   on  the  reversal  of  the  attainder, 
in  1824,  in  the  person  of  Sir  Geo.  Jerning- 
ham. L.  F.  C.  E.  TOLLEMACHE. 

24,  Selwyn  Road,  Eastbourne. 

This  was  William  Howard,  Viscount 
Stafford.  I  have  lately  had  in  my  hands 
an  MS.  account  of  his  speech  upon  the 
scaffold  on  Tower  Hill,  "as  it  was  given  by 
his  own  hand  to  a  Spectator  there,  by 
William  Barrass,"  the  writing  being  dated 
Dec.  29,  1681.  An  account  of  the  pro- 
ceedings was  "  taken  by  J.  Rous,  who  was 
appointed  by  the  sheriffs  for  that  very  j 
purpose,"  and  is  inexpressibly  sad. 

GEOKGE  SHEBWOOD. 

The  Viscount  Stafford^  beheaded  in  1680  | 
was  William  Howard,  fifth  son  of  Thomas ; 
Earl  of  Arundel.  He  married  Mary,  daughter 


of  Henry  fifth  and  last  Baron  Stafford 
(ob.  1637).  He  and  his  wife  were  created 
by  letters  patent  of  Sept.  12,  1640,  Baron 
and  Baroness  Stafford,  with  remainder,  in 
default  of  male  issue,  to  their  heirs  female. 
.Lord  Stafford  was  created  Viscount  Stafford 
on  Nov.  11,  1640.  He  left  three  sons  and 
six  daughters. 

On  May  27,  1685,  a  bill  for  reversing 
Stafford's  attainder  was  read  for  the  first 
time  in  the  House  of  Lords.  After  it  had 
passed  the  Lords  it  was  read  for  the  second 
time  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  June  6, 
but  dropped  when  Monmouth's  rebellion 
broke  out.  Stafford's  widow  was  created 
Countess  of  Stafford  on  Oct.  5,  1688,  and 
at  the  same  time  his  son  Henry  Stafford- 
Howard  (1657-1719)  was  created  Earl  of 
Stafford.  The  line  came  to  an  end  with 
the  fourth  Earl,  John  Paul  Stafford - 
Howard,  who  died  April  1,  1762. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century 
some  abortive  proceedings  were  taken  before 
the  committee  of  privileges  by  Sir  William 
Jerningham  and  subsequently  by  his  son, 
Sir  George  William  Jerningham,  descendants 
of  Mary  Plowden,  Stafford's  granddaughter. 
In  1824  a  private  Act  of  Parliament  was 
passed  for  reversing  the  attainder  of 
William  late  Viscount  Stafford,  and  on 
July  6,  1825,  the  House  decided  that 
Sir  G.  W.  Jerningham  had  established  his 
claim  to  the  Barony  of  Stafford,  created 
Sept.  12,  1640.' 

The  above  is  taken  from  J.  A.  Doyle's 
'  Official  Baronage  of  England '  and  the 
article  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Russell  Barker  in  the 
'  D.N.B.'  The  latter  points  out  that 
Doyle's  statement  that  Lord  Stafford  served 
as  a  volunteer  in  the  Royal  Army,  1642-6, 
is  incorrect.  It  may  be  added  that  Doyle 
by  a  slip  calls  Lord  Stafford  the  second 
son  of  the  Earl  of  Arundel. 

The  last  Earl  of  Stafford.  John  Paul 
Stafford-Howard,  displayed  in  the  first 
quarter  the  arms  of  Howard  with  a  crescent 
for  difference  ('  Official  Baronage  '). 

EDWABD  BENSLY. 

The  querist  interested  in  William  Lord 
Stafford  may  care  to  be  reminded  of  the 
following  note  which  occurs  in  the  His- 
torical Manuscripts  Commission's  Report, 
vi.  394: — 

Sir  H.  Ingilby,  Bart. 

"  Copy  of  a  prayer  of  the  Lord  Stafford 
at  his  execution  "  ;  at  its  foot  is  a  note  in 
Palmer's  writing  : — "  Given  me  by  Moses 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE 4, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


Goodyear,  Esq.,  who  stood  by  him  at  his 
execution  for  being  in  the  Popish  plot  in 
King  Charles  the  Second's  reign." 

Moses  Goodyear  (1632-1728/9),  said  to 
be  possessed  of  "•  a  genius  for  friendship," 
was  the  Aleppo  merchant  (Plymouth  and 
London),  who  finally  settled  at  Chelsea, 
where  he  lies  buried  in  the  chancel  of  the 
parish  church.  John  Bowack,  that  delight- 
ful writing-master  of  Westminster  School, 
who  planned  those  '  Antiquities '  which 
were  to  stretch  all  over  England,  but  which, 
alas  !  stopped  with  the  publication  of  the 
second  number,  writes  enthusiastically  of 
this  neighbour  of  his  : — 

About  the  middle  of  Church  Lane  stands  a 
very  good  house  in  which  dwells  Mr.  Moses 
Goodyear,  a  Gentleman  well  known  by  most  of  the 
Ingenious  Men  in  the  Kingdom.  Hard  by  lives 
Sir  John  Munden,  and  the  Reverend  Dr.  John 
King,  proctor. 

Bowack,  indeed,  would  have  revelled  in 
our  present-day  '  Who's  Who,'  and  did  his 
best  to  supply  its  forerunner.  Probably 
many  of  the  men  he  enumerates  were  known 
to  Lord  Stafford  as  well  as  to  Goodyear, 
sines  Tart  Hall  was  literally  on  the  confines 
of  the  town,  and  strolling  along  the  King's 
Road  in  the  wake  of  King  Charles  a -sweet  - 
hearting,  one  soon  arrived  at  the  village  of 
Chelsea. 

MR.  L.  H.  CHAMBERS  also  inquires  as  to 
the  fate  of  the  Stafford  title.  According 
to  Debrett,  of  Stafford's  three  surviving 
sons,  Henry,  John,  and  Francis,  only  John 
had  an  heir — William.  In  1762  the  earldom 
expired.  T.  EDW.  GOODYEAR. 

STATE  TRIALS  IN  WESTMINSTER  HALL 
(12  S.  viii.  371). — In  the  illustrated  edition 
of  J.  R.  Green's  '  Short  History  of  the 
English  People '  is  a  reproduction  of  an 
engraving  by  Hollar  representing  Strafford's 
trial  in  Westminster  Hall,  that  trial  so 
graphically  described  by  Robert  Baillie  the 
Covenanter.  The  position  in  the  hall  of  the 
principal  personages  concerned  in  the  pro- 
ceedings is  indicated  by  means  of  letters. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

SIR  ROGER  DE  COVERLEY  DANCE  (12  S. 
viii.  350,  415). — A  still  higher  antiquity 
has  been  claimed  for  this.  Mr.  G.  A.  Aitken 
writes,  in  his  annotated  edition  of  The 
Spectator,  vol.  i.,  p.  8  : — 

The  dance  is  believed  to  have  been  named  after 
a  knight  of  the  time  of  Richard  I.  Ashton 
('  Social  Life  in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Anne,'  ii. 
268-9)  quotes  from  a  pamphlet  of  1648  a  reference 
to  "a  tune  called  Roger  of  Caulverley." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


THE  YEAR  1000  A.D.  (12  S.  viii.  369, 
438). — That  the  year  1000  A.D.  would  wit- 
ness the  return  of  Christ  and  the  end  of  the 
world  was  no  doubt  believed  in  man^  quar- 
ters ;  the  Burgundian  historian  *  Raoul 
Glaber,  who  died  in  1050,  bears  witness 
to  it,  and  the  Thuringian  hermit  Bern- 
hard,  about  the  year  960,  boldly  preached 
it ;  but  the  Church,  at  any  rate  in  France, 
combated  the  idea. 

Abbou,  le  celebre  abbe  de  Saint-Benoit-sur- 
Loire,  parcourut  la  France  pour  refuter  1'erreur 
et  rendre  la  confiance  aux  fideles.  Et,  joignant 
1'exemple  a  la  parole,  le  clerge  continua  de 
batir  avec  autant  de  grandeur  et  de  solidite 
que  le  permettaient  les  difficult&s  et  la  barbarie 
de  cette  triste  epoque. 

Saint-Paul,  from  whose  '  Histoire  Monu- 
mentale  de  la  France  '  I  have  made  the 
foregoing  quotation,  gives  a  long  list  of 
buildings  either  begun  or  continued  during 
the  last  twenty  years  of  the  tenth  century, 
a  list  which  contains  such  well-known 
names  as  Saint-Front,  Perigueux,  begun  by 
Frotaire  in  984 ;  Notre-Dame  de  la  Couture 
at  Le  Mans,  which  dates  from  992  or  993  ; 
and  perhaps  the  best  known  of  all,  the 
Basse-CEuvre  at  Beauvais,  begun  in  997. 
A  few  days  ago,  when  I  was  standing  in 
this  last,  I  could  not  help  thinking  that 
its  builder,  Bishop  Herve,  whatever 
others  may  have  believed,  certainly  had 
no  expectation  that  his  work  was  required 
to  last  for  only  three  or  four  years,  after 
which  it  would  be  doomed  to  complete 
destruction  in  the  conflagration  which,  it 
was  supposed,  would  accompany  the  end 
of  the  world.  Had  he  had  that  expectation, 
his  work,  plain  though  it  is,  would  not 
display  that  care  in  construction  which 
is  evident  in  all  its  parts. 

As  far  as  England  is  concerned  there  is 
no  reason  to  believe  that  church  building 
ceased  or  even  slackened  at  the  end  of  the 
tenth  century.  On  the  contrary,  to  quote 
Prof.  Baldwin  Brown's  '  The  Arts  in  Early 
England,'  ii.  34,  there  was  at  that  tima  "  a 
widely  diffused  revival  encouraged  by  King 
Edgar  and  carried  out  under  Dunstan, 
^Sthelwold,  and  Oswald." 

BENJAMIN  WALKER. 

Langstone,  Erdington. 

OLD  SONG  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  250,  299, 
315,  374). — The  "  hymn  "  quoted  at  the  last 
reference  is  certainly  not  the  one  I  was 
familiar  with  as  a  child  more  than  twenty 
years  before  1874,  and  has  very  little 
resemblance  to  it  except  in  three  or  four 
lines.  My  sister's  memory  of  what  we  used 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.vm. ^4,1921. 


to  sing  confirms  mine,  and  she  is  able  to 
add  the  final  verse  : — 

Shout,  shout  for  victory  ; 

Shout,  shout  for  victory, 

The  glorious  work  is  done. 

Her  impression  is  that  we  were  taught 
both  the  words  and  the  tune  by  our  grand- 
mother (our  mother's  mother),  who  was  a 
devout  member  of  the  Wesley  an  Society 
(no  Church  in  those  days  !),  and  whose  grand- 
father had  been  a  companion  of  Wesley's 
in  his  first  visit  to  the  neighbourhood. 

C.  C.  B. 

KING  OF  ENGLAND  :  LORD  OF  BAUX 
(12  S.  viii.  390).— Mr.  Archibald  Marshall, 
in  his  delightful  book  ;A  Spring  Walk 
through  Provence,'  devotes  a  whole  chapter 
to  Les  Baux  and  its  historical  associations. 
If  our  Queen  inherited  the  title  of  Countess 
of  Baux  it  would  no  doubt  be  through  our 
Angevin  Kings.  C.  C.  B. 

BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.  208,  253, 
278,  296,  314,  350,  377,  394,  417). —  The 
numerous  inscriptions  which  have  been 
furnished  under  this  heading  plainly  con- 
vey the  views  of  many  who  value  their 
books  and  protest  against  their  misappro- 
priation by  inconsiderate  borrowers.  But 
hardly  one  of  those  which  have  appeared 
is  witty  enough  to  be  remembered.  The 
following  lines  are  copied  from  an  old 
"  Common -place  Book "  which  I  com- 
menced more  than  40  years  ago,  and  are 
unfortunately  anonymous.  From  this  I 
infer  that  at  the  date  of  transcription  I 
was  unacquainted  (as  I  still  am)  with  the 
author's  name  or  I  should  have  noted  it. 
But  readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  will,  I  think,  agree 
with  me  that  the  lines  are  worth  preserving. 

BORROWED  BOOKS. 
I  of  my  Spenser  quite  bereft 

Last  Winter  sore  was  shaken, 
Of  Lamb  I've  not  a  quarter  left 

Nor  could  I  save  my  Bacon. 
They  pick'd  my  Locke,  to  me  far  more 

Than  Bramah's  patent  worth, 
And  now  my  losses  I  deplore 

Without  a  Home  on  earth. 
They  still  have  made  me  slight  returns, 

And  thus  my  grief  divide  ; 
For  oh  !  they've  cured  me  of  my  Burns, 

And  eased  my  Akenside. 
But  all  I  think  I  shall  not  say, 

Nor  let  my  anger  burn  : 
For  as  they  have  not  found  me  Gay 

They  have  not  left  me  Sterne. 
Should  any  reader    recognize    these  lines 
and   be   able   to    give   the   author's   name, 
I  should  be  glad  to  know  it. 

J.  E.  HARTING. 


"  NOTHING  BUT  THEIR  EYES  TO  WEEP 
WITH"  (12  S.  viii.  228,  316,  435).— In 
the  hope  of  stimulating  the  inquiry  may 
I  communicate  one  other  example  of  the 
French  use  of  the  phrase,  which  has  since 
been  quoted  in  Professor  Deissmann's 
;  Evangelischer  Wochenbrief,'  third  series, 
No.  56/62,  p.  181  ?  Near  the  beginning  of 
Balzac's  '  Le  Pere  Goriot '  (p.  11  of  the  edi- 
tion in  the  Bibliotheque  Larousse),  the 
widowed  boarding-house  keeper,  Madame 
Vauquer,  says  of  her  husband  that  : — 

II  s'etait  mal  conduit  envers  elle,  ne  lui 
avait  laisse  que  les  yeux  pour  pleurer,  cette  maisoii 
pour  vivre,  et  le  droit  de  ne  compatir  a  aucune 
infortune,  parce  que,  disait-elle,  elle  avait  souffert 
tout  ce  qu'il  est  possible  de  souffrir. 

Here,  of  course,  the  phrase  has  nothing 
to  do  with  military  operations,  and  it  will 
be  observed  that  M.  Vauquer  had  left  his 
wife  not  only  her  eyes  to  weep  with,  but  the 
boarding-house  and  the  priceless  immunity 
against  new  misfortunes.  But  it  looks 
as  though  the  phrase  about  the  eyes  might 
be  a  popular  expression  in  French.  Balzac's 
book  was  first  published  in  1835. 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 

"  Zoo"  (12  S.  viii.  368,  413). — T  remember 
some  humorous  lines,  probably  written  before 
1847,  in  which  some  noise  or  disturbance 
is  compared  to 

•  the  hullabaloo 

Of  the  carnivora,  going  to  be  fed 
At  the  Regent's  Park,  or  the  Surrey  Zoo. 

Can  anyone  supply  the  reference  ? 

J.  T.  F. 
Winterton,  Lines. 

G.  A.  COOKE  AND  HIS  COUNTY  ITINERARIES 

(12  S.  viii.  393,  436). — George  Alexander 
Cooke  published  *  The  Modern  British 
Traveller ;  or  Tourists'  Pocket  Directory ' 
in  47  volumes  between  1802  (?)  and  1810(1) 

There  were  several  re -issues  and  Sir 
George  Fordham  says,  "  All  that  can  be 
said  with  any  certainty  as  to  this  publica- 
tion is  that  it  was  commenced  not  earlier 
than  1801  and  was  continued  by  reprints 
up  to  as  late  as  1830." 

Each  volume  contained  a  map,  sometimes 
uncoloured,  but  in  "  the  superior  editions  " 
coloured. 

Cook  was  editor  of  '  The  Universal  System 
of  Geography  '  and,  in  regard  to  Kent, 
published  a  volume  called  '  Walks  through 
Kent.'  More  than  one  edition  of  this 
appeared,  one  dated  1819  and  described 
as  "  a  new  edition  corrected  by  J.  N.  Brewer." 


12  s.  vm.  JUNE  4.  i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  457 


It  is  fairly  fully  illustrated  with  engravings,        NAPOLEON     AND     LONDON     (12     S.     viii. 

mostly    by    Deeble,   and   contains    an    un-  369,  412). — SIR   WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK  at 

coloured    map    similar    to    that    in     '  The  the  latter  reference  states  that   "  a  practi- 

Modern  British  Traveller.'     Another  edition,  cally    unanimous    conclusion    was    reached 

not   dated,    from    internal    evidence    would  that  Napoleon  never  saw  the  English  coast 

seem  to  have  appeared  in   1800,  or  before,  until  he  arrived  in  the  harbour  of  Plymouth 

and  contains  a  map  similar  to  that  in  the  on  July  22,  1815."     For  historical  accuracy 

1819  edition,  but  coloured.         H.  A.  H.  it  may  be  well  to  state  that  Napoleon  left 

the    French    coast  at   2  p.m.   on  July    15, 

.  have  the  tollo wing  :—  A  Topographical  and  after  a   tedious  voyage   owing  to   the 

and   Statistical   Description   of  the    County  prevailing    wind,    or    lack    of    it,    reached 

of  Middlesex,'   by  George  Alexander  Cooke,  Torbay  (not  Plymouth)  on  July  24,    1815. 

Editor  of  the  Universal  System  of  Geography,  A  compiete  description  of  what  transpired 

and  printed  for  C.   Cooke,    17,   Paternoster  cu]led  from  eye-witnesses  and  local  reports 

Row  ;    coloured  map,  eight  engraved  views,  ma     be  read  in  <  The  History  of  Torquay,' 

index,  and  comprises  336pages.  Also,  Hertford,  ^y  j    -p    White 

—Printed  by  assignment  from  the  executors  It  'Was  in  Torbay  that  Napoleon ,  was 
of  the  late  C.  Cooke  for  Sherwood,  Gilbert,  transferred  from  the  Bellerophon  to  the 
and  Piper;  uncoloured  map,  four  engraved  Northumberland  ;  and  from  the  same  anchor- 
views,  index  180  pages  Sussex— Tin-  age  he  set  sail  for  St.  Helena,  accompanied  by 
coloured  map,  four  engraved  views,  index,  the  Weymouth  and  other  ships,  on  Aug.  11. 
180  pages  Kent—  Coloured  map,  two  The  Bellerophon,  accompanied  by  the 
coloured  plates  showing  steamboat  route  Tonnant,  sailed  on  Wednesday,  Aug.  2,  for 
trom  London  to  Ramsgate,  dated  1830,  Plymouth  Sound,  where  it  was  at  first 
eight  engravings,  a  folding  plate  of  Margate  intended  that  the  transhipment  should  be 
&c.  ;  index,  248  pages,  fssex.— Engraved  made  but  returned  to  Torbay  again  on 
frontispiece  St.  Johns  Abbey  Gate,  Col-  Aug<  4>  j^  the  account  quoted  (p.  144)  it 

Chester,  by  Storer,   1830;  coloured  map  of  js  stated- 

county,    four    engraved    views     index,    1 80 .      When    he    firet    came    near  the    land    about 

pages.       burrey.  —   Engraved      frontispiece, !  Torbay  he  is  reported  to  have  exclaimed,  "  Enfin 
Lambeth  Palace,  by  Storer,  1830;    coloured 
map,  four  engraved  views,  index,  180  pages. 
The    backs    of    the    volumes    are    lettered 
*  Cooke's  Travelling  Guide.' 

WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.R.N.S. 

TAVERN  SIGNS  ( 12  S.  viii.  170,236,276,335,  GRAY'S  ELEGY  (12  S.  viii.  294,  319,   339, 

354,  375,417,436).— In  reference  to  inn  signs,  \  358).— I    think    there    is    often    a    second 

I  may  state  that  a  picture  of  the  sign  of  the  misquotation  in  the  same  line,   "  The  even 

Fox  and  Hounds   at  .Barley  is   represented  tenour  of  his  way  "   being  substituted  for 

in    The    Cyclists'    Touring    Club    Gazette   for  "  the  noiseless  tenour  of  their  way." 

April,  1921,  No.  4,  vol.  xl.,  p.  75.   We  are  told,  There  is   a  parallel   case  in  a   quotation 

under  the  heading  'Current   Notes  of    the  from    '  The  Jackdaw  of  Rheims.'          have 


voila   ce   beau  pays,"   adding  that  he  had  never 
seen  it  except  from  Calais  and  Boulogne. 


HUGH  R.   WATKIN. 


Chelston  Hall,   Torquay. 


("Kuklos"     of     the     Daily     News)     men-  had    made    the    same    mistake    till    I    was 

tioned   the   Fox   and    Hounds    at    Barley,  corrected.                      J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 
on    the    eastern    border    of    Hertfordshire. 

The  sign  of  this  inn,  which  stretched  across !  ROBERT  PARR,   CENTENARIAN   (11    S.   iv. 

the  road,  is  such   a  realistic  representation  309,  378). — He  died  at  Kinver,  Staffordshire, 

of  a  hunting  party  in  full  cry  that  when  Sept.  21,  1757,  according  to  Toone's  '  Chrono- 

"  Kuklos  "     waggishly     assured     a     north-  \  logical   Historian,'    ii.  87,  not  in  August  of 

country  man  that  his  photograph  was  an  that  year,  as  stated  at  the  first  reference, 

actual  snap-shot  of  hounds  and  huntsmen  His  great-grandfather,  Thomas  Parr,   "  Old 

chasing  a  fox  over  a  beam  laid   from   roof  Parr,"   has  a  notice  in  the   '  D.N.B.'     Are 

to    roof,    his    statement    was    regarded    as  the  names   and  burial-places   of   his  father 

solemn  fact  !                 FREDK.  L.  TAVARE.  and  grandfather  known  ? 

22,  Trentham  Street,  Pendleton,  Manchester.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [  12  s.vm.  JUNE  4,1921. 


LIGHTFOOT  (12  S.  viii.  410). — The  follow- 
ing are  extracts  from  Hotten's  '  Emigrants, 
&c.,  to  America,  1600-1700.' 

A  List  of  Names ;  of  the  living  in  Virginia, 
february  the  16,  1623. 

At  James  Cittye  and  wth  the  corporacon 
thereof 

John  Lightfoote.  (p.  174.) 

Musters  of  the  Inhabitants  in  Virginia  1624/5 
The  Muster  of    Capt.  Baph  Hamor 

Servants 
John  Lightfoote  in  the  Seaventitre. 

(p.  223.) 
W.  J.  M. 


AMERICAN  CUSTOMS  :  A  LONG  GRACE 
(12  S.  viii.  151). — It  is  not  customary  to  say 
any  grace  before  dinner,  nor  before  any  meal. 
By  this  statement  I  do  not  mean  to  say 
that  grace  is  never  said  before  meals,  but 
that  it  is  not  a  custom.  I  will  go  further 
and  say  that  it  was  not  customary  to  do  so 
in  1872,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Herbert  Paul 
in  his  c  Life  of  Froude.'  It  is  customary 
now,  and  was  then,  to  say  grace  when  a 
clergyman  or  minister  of  the  gospel  is  present 
at  a  meal,  and  to  ask  the  minister  to  say  it. 

Froude  was  connected  with  the  High- 
Church  party  under  Newman.  He  re- 
signed his  Deacon's  orders  in  1872,  and  in 
the  same  year  lectured  in  the  United  States 
on  the  relations  between  England  and 
Ireland.  Owing  to  his  Church  connexions 
it  was  natural  that  grace  should  be  asked 
whenever  he  was  present  as  a  guest.  Such 
would  probably  be  the  case  at  the  present 
time.  As  grace  was  always  asked  when 
he  was  present,  he  received  the  erroneous 
impression  that  it  was  the  custom  to 
ask  grace  at  all  dinners.  It  is  manifestly 
impossible  for  me  to  speak  for  the  entire 
country ;  I  can  only  speak  for  such 
sections  as  I  am  familiar  with,  viz., 
the  New  England  States,  New  York 
State,  and  to  some  extent  the  southern 
States,  but  I  have  made  inquiries  of  other 
people,  and  all  agree  that  there  is  no  custom 
about  it.  My  experience  has  been  that  it 
is  more  generally  asked  in  families  wor- 
sliipping  in  the  Episcopal  and  Presbyterian 
Churches  than  in  other  faiths,  but  that  may 
be  merely  my  personal  experience.  In 
one  of  our  New  England  colleges,  the 
students  are  expected  to  say  a  silent  grace 
before  all  meals.  Doubtless  thousands  of 
persons  do  this  as  a  *personal  custom. 

WILLIAM   F.    CRAFTS. 
69,  Cypress  Street,  Brookline,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 


REPOSITORIES  OF  WILLS  (12  S.  viii.  251). — • 
Where    deposited    in    the    United    States. 
In  the  New  England   States   (Maine,   New 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
I  Island  and  Connecticut),  also  in  the  Stata 
of  New  York,  and  I  think  generally  in  the 
eastern  States,  wills  are  deposited  with  the 
Registrar  of  Probate  for  the  county  in  which 
the  testator  is  living  at  the  time  of  decease. 
For   instance,    wills   of   residents   of   towns 
and    cities    in    the     county    of    Middlesex, 
Massachusetts,    would    be    deposited    with 
the  Registrar  of  Probate  in  the  shire  town 
for  that  county,  which  is  Cambridge,  Massa- 
chusetts.     What    the    practice    is   through- 
out the  United  States  I  cannot    say,  as    it 
may  be  different  in  different  States,  as  are 
|  the  inheritance  laws.     These  vary  materially, 
!  but  efforts  are  being  made  to  make  them 
I  uniform     throughout     the     United     States. 
I  As  most  of  the  western  States  were  settled 
!  by  people   from   the    eastern    States,   it   is 
probable  that  the  same  custom  would  pre- 
I  vail   there,   as  to  probate  matters,   in  the 
!  repositories  of  wills. 

WILLIAM  F.  CRAFTS. 
69,  Cypress  Street,  Brookline,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

LTJDGATE,  LONDON  (11  S.  iv.  485;  v.  35). — 

I  have    a    small    seventeenth-century  book 

1  on  the  History  of   England,   the  title    and 

i  author  of  which  I  do  not   know,  as  several 

pages    are    missing    at    the     beginning    and 

end.  Amongst  much  quaint  matter,  accepted 

with  an  old-time  credulity,  are    shrewd  dis- 

;  cussions  of  the  former  geological  connexion 

of    our    island    with    the     Continent,    the 

j  etymology  of  place-names,  &c.,  which  have 

i  a    quite    modern    tonp    of     enlightenment. 

The  author  discusses  (p.   136)    the  origin  of 

:  the   name   of    Ludgate,    "  which    some   will 

needs  have  so  to  have  bin  called  of    King 

Lud,  &  accordingly   infer    the   name  of  the 

City."     He  rejects  this 

because    gate    is    no     Brittish   word,    &    had   it 
I  taken  name  of   Lud  it  must  have  bin  Ludporth, 
!  and   not   Ludgate ;    but    how    commeth   it   that 
all  the  Gates  of  London,  yea,  and  all?  the   Streets 
I  and   Lanes   of    the   City  having   English  names, 
i  Ludgate  only  must  remain  Brittish,  or  the    one 
half  of  it,  to  wit,  Lud ;  gate  as  before    hath  bin 
said,  being  English  ?     This  surely  can  have  pro- 
ceeded of  no  other  cause  than  of    the  lacke  of 
heed    that    men   have    taken    unto    our   ancient 
Language,   and   Geffrey  of    Monmouth  or  some 
other,  as  unsure  in  his  reports  as  he,  by  hearing 
onely  of  the  name  of    Ludgate  might  easily  fall 
into  a  dreame  or  imagination  that  it  must  needs 
have   had   that   name   of    King   Lud.      There   is 
no   doubt   but  that  our   Saxon    ancestors   (as    I 
,  have  sayd)  changing  all  the  names  of   the  other 


i2S.vni.juxE4,io2i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


Gates  about  London  did  also  change  this,  and 
called  it  Ludgate  otherwise  also  written  Leod- 
geat,  Lud  &  Leod  is  all  one,  and  in  our  ancient 
language  folk  or  people,  so  is  Ludgate,  as- 
much  to  say  as  Porta  populi  :  The  gate  or  passage 
of  the  people,  and  if  a  man  do  observe  it  he 
shall  find  that  of  all  the  Gates  of  the  City  the 
greatest  passage  of  the  people  is  thorow,  this 
Gate,  and  yet  must  it  needs  have  bin  much  more 
in  time  past  before  Newgate,  was  builded,  which 
as  M.  John  Stow  saith,  was  fhst  builded  about 
the  raigne  of  King  Henry  the  second  :  And 
therefore  the  name  of  Leod-gate  was  aptly  give 
in  respect  of  the  great  concourse  of  people 
thorow  it. 

Is  not  this  quaintly  expressed  and 
curiously  punctuated  explanation  more 
probable  than  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's  I 
derivation  from  a  British  King  Lud,  or ! 
Sir  L.  Gomme's  from  a  Celtic  god  of  that 
name  ?  I  shall  be  glad  if  any  reader  can 
help  me  to  identify  the  book  from  which 
the  above  extract  is  taken.  The  author 
had  been  acquainted  (p.  102)  with  Lewis  | 
Guicciardin  (Luigi  Guicciardini,  died  1589), 
and  had  had  conference  (p.  190)  with  Abra- 
ham Ortelius  (who  died  in  1598).  Is  it  a 
work  of  John  Speed  or  C.  Saxton's  '  King- 
dom of  England,'  amended  and  published 
by  Speed  in  1610  (according  to  the 
'D.N.B.')  ?  FREDERICK  A.  EDWARDS. 

34,  Old  Park  Avenue,  Nightingale  Lane,  S.W. 

THE  "DIEHARDS"  (12  S.  viii.  431).— The 
following  condensed  extract  made  by  me 
some  years  ago  from  Kinglake's  '  Crimean 
War '  bears  upon  MR.  DRUETT'S  query.  The 
allusion  is  to  the  Battle  of  Inkermann  : — 

The  57th  Regiment  or  Diehards  were  there, 
who  at  Albuera,  45  years  beiore,  were  thus  ad- 
dressed by  their  Colonel,  "  57th,  die  hard  !  " 
Sorely  beset  at  Inkermann  their  Colonel  shouted 
"  57th,  remember  Albuera  !  " 

Curiously  enough  the  senior  officer  of  the 
57th  left  alive  at  the  end  of  Inkermann  was 
son  of  the  very  officer  who  used  the  words 
"  die  hard  '  at  Albuera.  Kinglake  thus 
proceeds : — 

A  regiment  great  in  history  bears  so  far  a  re- 
semblance to  the  immortal  gods  as  to  be  old  in 
power  and  glory,  yet  have  always  the  freshness  of 
youth. 

SURREY. 

"  COMMON  OR  GARDEN  "  (12  S.  viii.  392). 
— Anent  this  expression,  Country-Side  for 
May  has  the  following  from  a  correspon- 
dent : — 

COMMON  OB  GARDEN. — The  term  "  common  or 
garden  "  was  thirty  years  ago  used  ironically  on 
the  Stock  Exchange  and  elsewhere,  and  had 
i<  -i'crence  to  the  saying  of  a  horticulturist  as 


qualifiying  out-door  plants  which  anybody  could 
cultivate  (I  believe)  as  below  the  status  of  exotics 
and  hothouse  reared  plants. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 
Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 


on 


Etymological  Dictionary  of  Modern  English.     By 

Ernest  Weekley.  (Murray.  £2  2s.  net.) 
UNDER  the  word  monger  Professor  Weekley 
quotes  a  dictum  of  The  Daily  News  to  the  effect 
that  he  is  well  known  to  the  readers  of  that  paper 
as  the  "  most  entertaining  of  living  word-  mongers." 
Without  quite  assenting  to  the  expression  em- 
ployed we  heartily  agree  with  its  general  sense. 
Few  persons  are  without  an  interest  in  words, 
especially  curious  words,  though  the  interest 
of  the  majority  is  fitful  and  easily  discouraged 
by  a  heavy  apparatus  of  philological  learning. 
This  universal  rudimentary  taste  Professor 
Weekley  meets  cunningly,  with  the  learning  of  a 
scholar  carefully  adjusted  to,  and  set  off  by,  the 
brevity,  humorousness  and  avoidance  of  any 
superior  tone  which  the  average  Englishman 
finds  most  to  his  liking  when  he  wants  an  answer 
to  a  question.  We  will  not  disguise  from  our 
author  our  opinion  that,  in  the  course  of  some 
1,700  pages,  he  now  and  again  exaggerates  these 
good  qualities.  Some  of  his  indications  of  the 
meaning  of  a  phrase  are  so  very  brief  that  they 
can  serve  as  indications  only  to  a  person  who 
already  knows  all  about  it  —  e.g.,  the  explana- 
tion of  Monroe  doctrine  —  and  this  protest  will  not 
quite  be  met  by  a  counter-protest  that  the 
dictionary  expressly  omits  what  everybody  may 
be  assumed  to  know. 

Professor  Weekley  disarms  possible  criticism 
of  his  jocularity  by  referring  to  circumstances 
amid  which  much  of  his  material  was  shaped 
and  arranged.  From  1914  to  1918  jesting  in 
unexpected  places  was  meritorious,  almost  neces- 
sary. In  an  ordinary  way  we  would  certainly 
have  had  him  prune  somewhat  the  exuberance  of 
his  jokes  ;  and,  in  particular,  we  would  have 
deprecated  illustrating  the  meanings  of  words 
by  a  funny  mistake  and  a  "  sic  "  ;  e.g.,  galley. 
But,  after  all,  the  most  that  can  be  said  in 
criticism  of  this  occasional  triviality  counts 
for  little  in  comparison  with  the  advantages 
of  the  vivacity  from  which  it  springs. 

The  relation  of  this  dictionary  to  the  '  N.E.D.' 
is  of  great  interest.  Professor  Weekley 
occasionally  dissents  from  the  opinion  of  the 
compilers  of  that  great  work,  and  always  on 
grounds  worth  considering.  The  body  of  modern 
words  well  established  in  tho  language  since  the 
commencement  of  the  '  N.E.D.'  is,  of  course, 
large  and  important,  and  may  be  said  to  form 
the  principal  characteristic  of  this  work.  Pro- 
fessor Weekley  has  gathered  a  fair  number  of 
instances  of  the  use  of  words  earlier  than 
the  earliest  given  in  the  great  dictionary,  and 
he  is  able  to  point  out  many  surnames  which 
take  the  use  of  a  word  back  beyond  its  occur- 
rence in  literature  or  documents.  This  is  a 
very  useful  line  of  suggestion.  lie  ha? 
brought  the  art  of  compression  to  perfection  ; 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


again  and  again  we  have  thought  an  article 
looked  impossibly  short,  but  on  examining  it 
have  found  it  to  contain  all  that — for  the  purpose- 
he  has  set  before  him — was  necessary.  It  is 
true  that  such  satisfaction  was  not  quite  un- 
failing ;  sometimes  that  precise  bit  of  information, 
which  might  be  difficult  to  hunt  up  elsewhere, 
and  would  have  given  point  to  his  own  account, 
is  wanting.  Take  the  ace  of  the  air-service,  for 
example  :  it  was  used  of  an  airman  who  had 
brought  down  a  definite  number  of  enemy 
machines.  A  statement  of  the  number  with  a 
reference  to  an  "  ace  of  aces  "  would  have  been 
better  worth  while,  we  think,  than  a  reference 
to  trumpz. 

We  found  ourselves  now  and  again  in  dis- 
agreement with  our  author.  "  Opponent  of 
Oalvinist  tyranny  "  would  certainly  not  convey 
to  a  puzzled  searcher  the  ordinary  sense  of 
Erastian.  The  following  sentence  under  Latin 
seems  a  little  unhappy  :— "  the  every-day  speech 
of  the  Roman  as  different  from  Cicero  as  colloq. 
English  from  Burke."  But  it  is  precisely 
Cicero,  in  his  letters,  who  is  the  main  source — 
and  an  abundant  source — of  our  not  so  incon- 
siderable knowledge  of  "  everyday  Latin."  What 
is  the  authority  for  making  va.pQr)%  and  ferula 
mean  a  kind  of  reed  rather  than  an  umbelliferous 
plant  ? 

We  have  made  notes  of  a  few  omissions  which 
might  possibly  be  supplied  in  a  later  edition, 
being,  we  think,  as  well  worth  recording  as  popsy- 
wopsy,  and  give  the  following  as  random  ex- 
amples : — benthos,  correlative  of  plankton  ;  "  Take 
cover  "  and  "All  clear  "  ;  field  in  the  heraldic  use  ; 
kontakion  ;  pardon,  in  the  Breton  sense  ;  patine, 
sense  in  the  '  Merchant  of  Venice  '  ;  brass-rags  ; 
Dame,  as  an  independent  title  of  women. 

We  are  sure  that  Professor  Weekley  will  not 
miss  the  compliment  wrapped  up  in  the  prickly 
cover  of  these  small  criticisms  ;  he  will  perceive 
that  the  dictionary  has  not  only  been  read  but 
read  with  appreciation  and  found  stimulating. 

Indeed,  we  heartily  recommend  it  to  our 
readers,  and  especially  to  those  whose  interest 
in  words  is  not  so  much  antiquarian  as  centred 
in  the  perception  of  language  as  a  living  thing, 
the  most  perfect,  sensitive,  changeful  and  en- 
during instrument  of  the  changeful  yet  enduring 
mind  of  man. 

English  Prose.  Chosen  and  arranged  by  W. 
Peacock.  In  Five  volumes.  Vol.  i.  :  Wy- 
cliffe  to  Clarendon.  Vol.  ii.  :  Milton  to  Gray. 
(Oxford  University  Press,  2s.  6d.  net  each.) 

THE  writer  of  this  notice  confesses  to  a  slight 
prejudice  against  anthologies.  The  grounds 
therefor  are 'only  the  obvious  ones  :  that  a  good 
reader  will  make  his  own  anthologies  ;  that 
writers  should  be  read  at  large,  and  a  literary 
work  taken  as  a  whole,  else  the  reader  is  not  only 
unfair,  but  also  misses  the  gist  of  what  is  provided 
for  him ;  that  a  taste  for  anthologies  argues 
a  declining  perception  of,  and  taste  for,  the 
values  and  beauties  of  construction — and  other 
like  considerations.  This  much  has  been  said 
in  order  the  better  to  emphasize  our  appreciation 
of  the  anthology  now  before  us.  which  forms  the 
latest  addition  to  "  The  World's  Classics  "  series. 
It  is  an  excellent  [piece  of  work.  The  selections 


made,  with  but  one  or  two  exceptions,  are  happy 
and,  by  marshalling  in  such  fair  array  so  fin  e 
a  body  of  representative  English  prose,  the 
compiler  has  produced  that  effect  of  a  living 
whole  without  which  nothing  between  two 
covers  is  really  worth  wasting  one's  sight  over. 

In  the  first  volume  the  selections  from  Berners's 
!  '  Froissart,'    from    Thomas    More,    from   Ascham, 
and   from   North   are   splendid   reading.     Shake- 
speare,  it  must  be  protested,   has  not   come   off 
well.     Two    passages    each  of    Falstaff  and  Dog- 
berry, with  the  gravedigger  scene  from  '  Hamlet,' 
afford  but  a  one-sided  idea   of   the  range    of   his 
prose.     The   Bacon   excerpts   leave   one   thing  to 
be    wished    for — fuller    illustration    of      Bacon's 
epigrammatic    quality.     We    should    have    liked 
more    from    Walton's    '  Lives  '    than    the    death 
of  Hooker  ;    and  more,  too,  of  Browne's  '  Religio 
Medici.'     But,    no    doubt,    Mr.    Peacock    would 
have  a   good   deal  that   is   worth   considering   to 
say  in  defence,  at  any  rate  of  these  latter  omissions. 
In  the  second  volume  the  extracts  from  Pepys, 
Burnet  and  Swift  are   excellent.     We  are  given 
from    Richardson    the    deaths    of    Clarissa     and 
Lovelace,  which,  again,  is  a  reduplication  to  be 
regretted.     The     passages     from     Fielding     and 
Sterne  may  be  called,  on  the  whole,  a  satisfactory 
choice.       From   Evelyn  we  are  given  the  touch- 
ing account  of  the    trial  of  Lord  Stafford.     This 
account,    by  the    way,     may    be  recalled    to    the 
mind    of   the    querist*  in . '  N.    &    Q.'    who    lately 
|  nquired  as  to  the  arrangement  of    Westminster 
i  Hall  for  a  State  trial.     Charles  II.  was  the  sub- 
I  ject  of  many  good  pages  in  his  day  :   the  principal 
j  ones  upon  which  historians  rely  for  their  pictures 
of  him  will  be  found  here.     The  second  volume 
!  not   only   illustrates   admirably  the   development 
of  English  prose  but  also  leaves  the  reader  with 
I  a   quickened  sense   of  the   characteristic   outlook 
and  modes   of  thought  of  the  seventeenth     and 
eighteenth  centuries. 


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461 


LONDON.  JUNE  11.  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.   165. 

NOTES  :— The  Sea-Cow  Fishery,  461— Danteiana,  462— 
Aldeburgh  Chamberlains'  Accounts,  463 — Forgotten 
Periodicals  of  1830-1833,  465 — Charles  Bowker  Ash, 
Minor  Poet,  466 — "  Flippancy,"  467 — "  Good  old  " — 
Early  References  to  Cheddar  Cheese — Sors  lernica — 
Marriages,  468. 

QUERIES  .-—Inscription  in  Old  House  at  St.  Albans,  468— 
Joan  of  Arc — The  Manor  of  Lilley — Olive  Schreiner — 
Dr.  G.  McCall  Theal — S.  E.  Thrum — English  Cheeses  noted 
by  Gervase  Markham,  469 — Shrewsberry  Hall — Albert 
Smith's  '  Story  of  Mont  Blanc  ' — '  Murray's  Expedition 
to  Borneo  ' — Wringing  the  •  Hands — Miner — Magrath, 
Archbishop  of  Cashel — Robert  Masters — Identification 
of  Arms — Hackney,  470 — Charles  Bowker  Ash — Shake- 
speare's Songs — Family  Mottoes — Magdalen  College, 
Oxford,  and  Theophilus  Gale — Barraclough — The  Hooded 
Steersman — Falkirk  Battle  Roll — Hearth  Tax — Button- 
holes— Authors  wanted — Reference  wanted,  471. 

REPLIES  :— "  Tenant  in  Capite  "—Tether  Book— Capt. 
Cook :  Memorials,  472 — The  Monument :  '  Ingoldsby 
Legends  ' — Smallest  Pig  of  a  Litter,  473 — James  Mac- 
burney — "  Chautauqua  " — "  Little  Englander,"  474- — 
Bernard  Andrews,  Poet  Lauieate — '  The  New  Jerusalem  ' 
-"The  Poor  C?t  i'  th'  Adage,"  475 — Latin  Proverb — 
Gibbon :  Reference  Wanted — John  Winthrop :  Inner 
Temple — Tercentenary  Handlist  of  Newspapers — Franklin 
Nights  (or  Days),  476— Sir  Henry  Colet— Old  London  : 
The  Cloth  Fair — Vernon  of  Liverpool — Petty  France — 
Book  Borrowers — Blount  of  Lincolnshire,  477 — Sir  Thomas 
Crook,  Bart. — Fordraught  or  Fordraft — Viscount  Stafford, 
478— Ludgate,  London,  479. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— «  Maps,  Their  History,  Characteris- 
ti  cs  and  Uses  ' — '  Catalogue  of  the  Acropolis  Museum  '— 
'  The  Historic  Names  of  the  Streets  and  Lanes  of  Oxford, 
Intra  Muros  '—'  A  Southern  Sketch-Book.  Through  Old 
Sussex  from  Lewes  to  Chichester.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  SEA-COW  FISHERY. 

WALTER  PATTERSON  was  a  son  of  William 
Patterson,  of  Foxhall,  Co.  Donegal. 

In  1769  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
St.  John  (later,  Prince  Edward  Island), 
where  he  arrived  on  Aug.  30,  1770. 

He  was  recalled  in  April,  1787,  and  died 
in  London,  Sept.  6,  1798. 

As  the  said  Governor's  subjoined  letter 
to  the  Secretary  of  State  is  of  general  in- 
terest, it  may  prove  worthy  of  insertion  in 
'  N.  &  Q,.,'  and  one  of  its  numerous  readers 
possibly  may  be  able  to  give  further  in- 
formation of  a  sea-cow. 

Island  Saint  John,  18th  July,  1783. 
My  Lord, 

Since  the  Peace.  the  New  England 
fishing  vessels,  have  again  began  to  frequent 
the  Gulf,  and  are  in  a  fair  way  to  destroy  the 
sea-cow  Fishery  if  there  are  not  some  steps 
taken  very  soon  to  prevent  them.  The  great 
resort  of  these  Fish  is  about  this,  and  the  Mag- 
dalen Islands.  The  Fishery  during  the;  last 


Peace,  was  carried  on  upon  one  of  the  last 
mentioned  Islands,  by  a  Mr.  Gridley ;  But 
two  or  three  years  ago  he  fled  to  Boston,  as  I 
have  been  told,  to  avoid  being  taken  up  by 
General  Haldiman.  He  pretended  he  had  an 
exclusive  right  to  the  Fishery,  given  him  by 
General,  now  Lord  Amherst,  soon  after  the 
Conquest  of  Canada  ;  while  he  held  it  ;  with  the 
assistance  of  His  Majesty's  Ships,  he  preserved 
the  Fish  pretty  well  from  the  New  Englanders. 
At  the  present  they  are  under  no  restraint. 

They  come  to  fish  in  the  Gulf,  as  early  in  the 
Spring  as  the  Ice  will  permit  them,  at  which 
season  the  females  are  bringing  forth  their 
young;  two  of  which  they  have  most  commonly 
at  a  time. 

Their  attachment  to  their  Calves  is  wonderful. 
If  a  Calf  is  taken,  the  Mother  will  stay  by  it  till 
she  is  killed.  There  has  been  many  instances 
of  their  receiving  several  wounds,  and  still  on 
hearing  or  seeing  the  Calf,  they  return,  endeavour- 
ing all  in  their  power  to  lay  hold  of  it.  If  the 
Calf  be  killed  ;  and  the  Dam  gets  hold  of  it, 
she  will  keep  it  under  her  Fin  or  Flapper,  till  it 
decays  -to  pieces.  The  Fishermen  are  well  ac- 
quainted with  this  fondness  of  the  Females, 
and  turn  it  to  their  destruction,  they  are  seldom 
without  a  Calf  on  board  their  vessels,  and  by 
causing  them  to  make  a  noise,  the  Females, 
whether  their  Mothers  or  not,  come  directly  on 
hearing  them.  By  this  means  the  Mother  Fish 
are  destroyed,  and  their  young  perish.  I  am 
credibly  informed  that  their  is  not  a  Male  to  be 
met  with  just  at  this  Season.  They  are  separated 
from  the  cows,  and  keep  in  deep  water.  The 
others,  on  account  of  their  young,  stay  near  the 
shore. 

Mr.  Gridley  killed  all  his  Fish  upon  Land,  b^it 
I  do  not  believe  he  was  so  attentive  as  he  ought, 
to  the  killing  them  at  a  proper  season.  By  the 
best  accounts  I  have,  it  appears  they  should 
only  be  taken  in  the  Autumn.  At  that  time 
they  yield  much  more  oil ;  both  sexes  are  together, 
and  the  young  can  provide  for  themselves.  The 
manner  of  taking  the  Fish  on  shore  is  curious  ; 
but  I  dare  not  intrude  on  your  Lordships  time 
so  much,  as  to  give  an  account  of  it.  I  shall  only 
say  it  is  done  so  cautiously,  as  not  to  alarm 
those  that  escape.  The  New  Englanders  by 
harpooning  and  pursuing  the  Fish,  frighten  them 
from  their  usual  haunts,  and  scatter  them  so 
much,  that  they  are  not  worth  attending  to, 
even  by  themselves. 

Mr.  Gridley  has  told  me,  he  used  to  kill  on  his 
first  establishing  the  Fishery,  from  7  to  8  thousand 
of  those  animals  in  a  season  ;  and  in  the  Autumn, 
they  will  yield  one  with  another  30  gallons  of 
oil.  Their  Hides  make  excellent  traces,  for  any 
kind  of  labouring  work,  and  will  answer  for  the 
heaviest  draft.  A  large  Hide  will  cut  into  20  pairs 
of  Traces,  and  they  only  require  being  dried  in 
the  sun,  to  render  them  fit  for  use.  They  would 
soon  find  their  way  into  England  and  would  most 
probably  save  both  Iron,  and  other  expensive 
articles. 

I  have  thought  it  my  Duty,  most  humbly  to 
mention  this  matter  to  your  Lordship,  as  the 
intercourse  between  the  Magdaline  Islands  and 
this,  is  much  more  frequent,  than  with  either 
Quebec  or  Newfoundland,  consequently  my 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2avm.j™,n,iMi. 


intelligence  is   better  than  can  be  had  at  either 
of  those  places. 

The  Islands  of  Magdaline  lie  only  12  leagues 
to  the  North  East  of  this  Island,  and  I  beg  leave 
humbly  to  submit,  whether  it  would  not  be  an 
advantage  to  them,  if  they  were  dependant  on 
it  in  matter  of  Government. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c., 

WALTER  PATTERSON. 
E.  H.  FAIRBROTHER. 


DANTEIANA. 

1.  '  Inf.'  xxv.  94-99. 
Taccia  Lucano  omai,  la  dove  tpcca 
Del  misero  Sabello  e  di  Nassidio  ; 
E  attenda  a  udir  quel  ch'  or  si  scocca. 
Taccia  di  Cadmo  e  d'Aretusa  Ovidio  ; 

Che,  se  quello  in  serpente  e  quella  in  fonte 
Converte  poetando,  io  non  1'invidio. 
What  is  the  drift  of  this  passage,  of  which 
Dean  Plumptre  says  "  there  are  few  passages 
in  the  commentators  on  which  we  dwell 
with  less  delight,  or  from  which  we  reap 
less  profit  "  ?  The  drift  is  clear  ;  the  "  less 
profit "  obscure,  for,  as  a  rule,  "  in  the 
multitude  of  counsellors  there  is  safety," 
or  at  least  there  is  variety  which  is  "  profit," 
and  the  Dean's  own  penetrative  comment 
reduces  his  strange  verdict  to  zero  : — 

With  a  feeling  which  reminds  us  of  Turner's 
wish  that  the  picture  which  he  looked  on  as  his 
masterpiece  should  be  hung  in  the  National 
Gallery,  side  by  side  with  one  of  Claude's,  Dante 
boldly  challenges  comparison  with  two  out  of  the 
five  great  poets  of  antiquity  whom  he  most 
reverenced.  He  had  been  content  to  be  sixth 
in  that  goodly  company  (c.  iv.  102) ;  now  he 
claims  his  place  among  the  first  three,  No  one 
will  dispute  his  claim  to  that  high  position, 
but  most  of  us  will  probably  rest  that  claim  on 
powers,  aims,  characteristics,  which  were  as 
unlike  as  possible  to  those  of  Ovid  or  Lucan, 
rather  than  on  his  successful  rivalry  with  them 
in  the  line  "  which  each  had  made  his  own." 
What  he  probably  prided  himself  on  was  the 
condensation  which  compressed  into  eighty 
or  ninety  lines  what  they  would  have  spread  over 
two  or  three  hundred,  the  marvellous  complica- 
tion of  the  double  reciprocal  metamorphosis, 
the  vividness  of  the  similes  in  11.  64  and  79,  drawn 
as  they  were  from  objects  that  seemed  to  lie  out- 
side the  range  of  conventional  poetic  imagery  ; 
and  in  all  these  he  might  fairly  claim  the  palm, 
if  such  a  prize  were  worth  contending  for.  But 
we  feel  also  that  the  poet  stoops  from  his  higher 
level  in  the  very  act  of  competition  ;  that,  after 
all,  what  we  have  is  a  tour  de  force  and  nothing 
more. 

This  is  an  excellent  piece  of  intuitive  and 
suggestive  reasoning,  but,  as  it  seems  to 
me,  the  passage  is  something  more  than 
a  mere  tour  de  force.  It  is  a  distinct  moral 
lapse  from  the  virtue  of  humility  to  the 
vice  of  pride,  engendered  by  a  growing  con- 


sciousness, between  the  two  cantos  (iv.  and 
xxv.  )>  of  his  own  powers  of  imagery,  and 
composition,  and  culminating  in  this  out- 
burst of  self-acknowledged  superiority.  So 
far  back  as  canto  iv.,  in  1.  102, 

Si  ch'  io  fui  sesto  tra  cotanto  senno, 
Dante  calmly  places  himself,  with  little 
modesty  and  much  boldness,  next  after 
Homer,  Horace,  Ovid,  Lucan  and  Virgil ; 
here,  with  undisguised  effrontery,  he  sweeps 
the  third  and  fourth  aside  and  places  himself 
between  the  second  and  fifth.  This  is  surely 
unworthy  of  the  poet,  who,  in  the  next  canto 
(v.  142),  swoons  and  falls,  "  come  corpomorto 
cade,"  at  Francesca's  recital  of  her  tragic  love. 
Even  Plumptre,  who  accepts  Dante's  boastful 
claims,  is  forced  to  admit  that  "  Literature 
hardly  records  an  instance  of  such  supreme 
self-confidence,"  and  adds  : — "  Approxi- 
mate parallels  are,  however,  found  in 
Bacon's  committing  his  fame  to  the  care 
of  future  ages,  and  in  Milton's  belief  that 
he  could  write  what  '  the  world  would  not 
willingly  let  die,'  "  to  which  he  might  have 
added  Keats' s  hope  that  he  would  be  found 
after  his  death  amongst  the  poets  of  his 
native  land.  With  these  modest  expressions 
Dante's  bombast  contrasts  painfully.  Even 
were  his  fanciful  descriptions  more  imagina- 
tive than  those  of  Ovid  and  Lucan,  it  was 
the  acme  of  bad  taste  to  bid  those  poets 
be  silent  while  he,  the  Sir  Oracle  of  his  time, 
showed  them  a  smarter  flight  of  fancy.  One 
wonders  what  position  he  would  arrogate 
to  himself  were  he  a  contemporary  of 
Shakespeare  and  Milton.* 

I  am  inclined  to  place  him  second  to  the 
former  in  characterization  and  insight  into 
human  nature,  and  on  a  par  with  the  latter 
in  grandeur  of  descriptive  power  of  divine 
things.  I  can  overlook  his  astrology  and 
his  anti-Scriptural  conceptions  of  the 
material  torments  of  Hell,  in  fact  the  entire 
eschatology  of  his  '  Inferno  '  and  '  Purgatorio  ' 
as  reflecting  his  age  ;  I  admire  his  masterly 
handling  of  his  great  theme  and  his  un- 
impeachable impartiality  in  meting  out 


*  Curiously  enough,  alter  penning  this  sentence 
my  attention  was  called  to  the  following  in  Lord 
Morley's  '  Life  of  W.  E.  Gladstone,'  vol.  iii., 
p.  488 : — "  At  tea-time,  a  good  little  discussion 
raised  by  a  protest  against  Dante  being  praised 
for  a  complete  survey  of  human  nature  and  the 
many  phases  of  human  lot.  Intensity  he  has, 
but  insight  over  the  whole  field  of  character  and 
life  ?  Mr.  Gladstone  did  not  make  any  stand 
against  this,  and  made  the  curious  admission 
that  Dante  was  too  optimist  to  be  placed  on  a 
level  with  Shakespeare,  or  even  with  Homer." 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  ii,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


punishment  to  great  and  small  alike,  but  j 
I  am  repelled  by  this  uncalled-for  exhibition  | 
of  professional  superiority  over  brother- ; 
poets.  But  I  utterly  repudiate  Mr.  W.  J.  i 
Payling  Wright's  unfair  suspicion  ('  Dante 
and  the  Divine  Comedy,'  1902,  pp.  57-8)  to  j 
the  effect  that  he  is 

inclined  to  suspect  that    in  his  character  there  | 
lurked  a  vein  of  innate  ferocity.    We  can  justly 
excuse  his  cruel  inventions  as  part  of  the  spiritual  I 
machinery  of  his  age.     .     .     .      But,   from  one 
who  has  passed  through  the  heavens  and  beheld 
the  Eternal  Love  we  expect  the  best  and  noblest. 
.     .     .     Were  the  '  Inferno  '   his  only   work,   we 
could  not  but    suspect    him    of    taking    pleasure 
in  suffering  for  its  own  sake.* 

As  the  '  Inferno  '  was  not  Dante's  "  only  i 
work,r'   why  harbour  so  ungenerous  a  sus- 
picion ?     It  is  enough  to  have  regretfully  | 
to   censure   the   great   poet's  extraordinary 
vanity  without  venturing  to  libel   his  cha- 1 
racter  with  a  charge  of  unthinkable  cruelty,  j 

2.  Ibid.  xxvi.  112-142. 

"  O  frati,"  dissi,    "  che  per  cento  milia,"  &c. 

Yet  another  display  of  inordinate  self- 
esteem  (this  time  vented  on  Horace  and 
Virgil  as  well  as  on  Lucan)  is  again  discovered 
by  Dean  Plumptre  in  the  lines  indicated 
above,  which  he  introduces  with  a  com- 
plaint aimed  at  Tennyson : — 

The  noble  passage  that  follows  [the  above  line] 
has  been  made  familiar  to  English  readers  by 
Tennyson's  paraphrase  in  his  '  Ulysses,'  which, 
somewhat  strangely,  appears  without  any  re- 
ference to  Dante,  f  A  comparison  with  JEn. 
i.  198,  Hor.  Od.  I.  vii.  25  (also  Lucan  '  Phars.' 
i.  229),  suggests  the  thought  that  as,  in  the  pre- 
vious canto,  Dante  had  measured  his  strength 
against  Lucan  and  Ovid,  so  now  he  does  not 
shrink  from  competing  with  Horace,  and  even 
with  his  own  Master  and  Guide,  and,  so  far  as 
he  knew  him,  with  Homer.  He  feels  that  his 
fame  also  in  future  ages  will  be  as  that  of  the 
poeta  sovrano. 

So  much  the  worse  for  Dante's  emula- 
tion (if  such  there  were),  especially  in  the 
case  of  Homer,  whom,  as  Scartazzini  re- 
marks (ad  '  Inf.'  iv.  83),  "  non  conosceva 
che  di  nome,  non  sapendo  di  Greco,  e  non 


essendone  i  poemi  ancora  tradotti  ('  Conv.' 
ii.  15  ;  i.  7)."  I  conceive  that  it  was  a  matter 
of  indebtedness  and  adaptation.  Mr. 
Tozer  ('English  Commentary,'  ad  vers.)  is 
of  opinion  that  "  the  idea  may  have  been 
suggested  by  the  Genoese  voyages  of  dis- 
covery in  search  of  a  western  continent, 
which  were  made  in  his  time  ;  one  of  these 
expeditions  started  in  1291,  and  was  never 
heard  of  again."  If  this  be  so,  then  there 
can  be  no  question  of  conscious  emulation 
on  Dante's  part  in  this  passage  with  either 
Homer,  Virgil,  or  Lucan,  and  it  is  signifi- 
cant that  neither  Scartazzini,  Lombardi 
nor  Bianchi  seems  to  find  any  such  therein. 
Who,  then,  are  the  commentators  in  this 
matter  on  whom  Dean  Plumptre  "  dwells 
with  less  delight,  or  from  whom  he  reaps 
less  profit  "  ?  J.  B.  McGovEKN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 


*  At  11  S.  v.  401,  I  had  already  pilloried  this 
outrageous  suspicion  of  Mr.  Wright. 

f  This  may  be  so,  but  it  is  due  to  Tennyson's 
memory  to  transcribe  here  what  Dr.  Paget 
Toynbee  states  in  his  '  Dante  in  English  Litera- 
ture,' vol.  ii.,  p.  317: — "'Ulysses,'  which  was 
written  soon  after  Arthur  Hallam's  death  (1833) 
though  not  published  till  1842,  was  suggested  by 
'  Inferno,'  xxvi.  90-142.  Tennyson  himself  said, 
'  There's  an  echo  of  Dante  in  it.' "  And  Dr. 
Toynbee  heads  his  quotation  of  the  poein  '  Echo 
of  Dante.1 


ALDEBURGH, 

EXTRACTS   FROM   CHAMBERLAINS* 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 

(See  ante,  pp.  163,  224,  265,  305,  343, 
387,  426.) 

16     PAYMENTS.     32 

THE  expenses  for  the  new  pulpit  and  desk 
formed  one  of  the  many  complaints  brought 
against  the  vicar,  Richard  Topcliffe. 

Representations  were  made  to  the  Earl  of 
Arundel  and  Surrey.  The  Earl  wrote  to 
the  Bishop  of  Norwich  enclosing  a  petition, 
from  his  tenants  of  Aldeburgh  pressing  for 
relief  in  troubles  put  upon  them  by  the 
vicar,  "  causelessely  and  for  mere  vexation 
sake "  ;  amongst  the  troubles  a  complaint 
signed  by  two  persons  of  the  vicar's  refusing 
to  baptize  a  sick  child  privately ;  "  and  they 
have  en joyned  such  things  as  have  drawn  the 
town  to  great  charges,  as  erecting  a  new 
pulpit  (although  they  were  very  good  and 
sufficient  before)."  Finally,  on  July  25, 1644, 
"the  Sequestration  of  the  Vicaridge  of 
Aldeburgh  in  the  County  of  Suffolk"  takes 
place,  and  "  Clement  Ray,  M.  of  Arts,  an 
orthodox  divine,"  occupies  the  new 
"  pulpitt." 

Paid  for  help  to  gett  a  Caske  of  wine  for  the 
Comunion  into  the  house  '. .  00  00  02 

Paid  for  Matts  for  the  seat  where  mr  Tapley 
sett 00  02  00 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  S.VIIL  JUNE  11,1921, 


Paid  the  widowe  Urvis  for  washinge  surplice 
and  the  other  Church  linynge  . .  00  01  04  \ 

Paid  mr  Bond  for  chargs  he  was  at  for  the 
Townes  busines  when  he  ridd  to  Bury 
Assizes  concernynge  the  makinge  of 
Snape  Bridge  01  13  03 

Paid  for  a  gun  of  beere  for  the  pambulacon 
day  ....  • •  • •  • •  00  04  06 

Paid  for  sehdinge  a  boy  out  of  towne  with 
a  passe  00  01  00 

To  John  Beales  for  faighinge  the  sinke  in 
the  market  stead  and  for  settinge  the 
stones  againe  . .  . .  . .  00  04  06 

More  to  him  for  mendinge  the  floare  in  the 
crosse  and  for  some  bricks  used  there  00  01  06 

Paid  Robert  Fowler  his  wags  for  beinge 
beadle  ..  ..  ••  ••  00  15  00 

More  to  him  his  quarters  wags  for  beinge 
Sexten  due  March  25th  . .  . .  00  14  00 

Paid  unto  Robert  Cossie  for  makinge  of  a 
cradle  to  doe  the  worke  upon  the 
steeple  . .  00  04  06 

Paid  unto  a  Saxmondham  man  for  trymninge 
of  the  Clock ..  00  05  00 

To  the  Chief  Constable  for  the  Marshallcies 
for  half  a  yeere  due  at  St  Michaell  00  13  00 

Paid  unto  Robt.  Fowler- for  takinge  up  of 
hoggs  00  08  04 

More  to  him  that  he  paid  for  lavender  to  lay 
amonge  the  Church  linynge  . .  00  00  01 

Paid  unto  the  widd  Bardwell  for  wyne  when 
the  venison  was  spent  that  Mr  Rivett 
sent  Septemb  :  12 02  08  00 

More  to  her  for  dyet  when  Mr  Rivett  was  in 
Towne  Sept.  19 01  10  00 

More  for  wine  then 01  10  00 

More  for   Oysters  then  . .  . .      00  06  00 

More  for  mullits  then  . .          . .  . .      00  02  00 

More  for  horsemeat  then      . .          ...      00  03  06 

More  to  her  -for  dyet  on  Michaelmes 
day 03  09  00 

More  to  her  for  wine  then      . .          . .      01  15  00 

More  to  her  for  horse  meate  and  wine  when 
Mr  Rivett  went  away  on  the  Sessions 
day  . .  •  •  •  •  •  •  ..  00  03  00 

To  Richard  Lilborne  money  that  he  laid  out 
for  rushes  and  broomes  for  the  towne 
hall 00  02  02 

More  to  him  for  a  lock  for  prissoners     00  05  06 

Paid  John  Insent  for  leadinge  the  Lucorne 
on  the  Church  00  06  08 

Paid  Mr  Richard  Gardner  for  winteringe  one 
of  the  towne  Bulls 00  10  00 

To  the  widowe  Bardwell  for  wine  and  dyet 
when  the  Presmasters  were  in 
Towne  ..  00  13  10 

.To  Richard  Bawkey  for  freight  for  carryinge 
red  spratts  to  London  . .  . .  00  05  00 

To  Mr  Humfrey  Mason  for  half  a  last  of 
saulted  spratts  00  11  00 

Paid  Mr  Cheney  money  to  pay  for  half  a 
hundred  of  lings  that  were  taken  of  Mr 
Pickeringe  for  to  send  for  a  pressent  to 
my  Lord  of  Suff  and  my  Lord  of  Arundell 
the  some  of 10  00  00 

To  mr  John  Wall  for  two  last  of  saulted 
spratts  for  that  use  ..  ..  02  04  00 


The    whole    Receipts    with    Markett    Stalls 
Amounteth    to    the    some    of        ..    206  12  03 


All  the  Payments  amounteth  to  the  some 
of  ..  . .  ..  ..  ..  133  09  02 

Paid  into  the  Towne  purse  the  remaynder 
of  the  money  restinge  upon  the  Accompt 
being  the  some  of     . .  . .  . .    073  03  01 

June  12th,  1633 

A  Note  of  Money  disbursed  for  the  Townes 
use  Anno  Domini,  1633,  wch  was  out  of  the 
Towne  Stock,  and  not  in  the  Chamber- 
leins  Accompt,  vid.  let. 

Inprimis  Paid  Unto  mr  Willm  Shipman  for 
takinge  of  Cookes  boye  for  his  Apprentice 
the  some  of  . .  . .  .',  ..  06  00  00 

Paid  unto  John  Garrard  he  then  beinge  one 
of  the  Churchwardens  money  laid  out  for 
A  newe  Pulpitt  and  for  whyteinge  the 
Church  . .  . .  . .  '  - .  19  07  00 

Paid  towards  the  repayringe  of  St  Pauls 
Church  in  London 02  00  00 

Paid  for  chargs  for  mr  Bayliffs  and  Justices 
to  Bury  Assizes  03  00  01 

Paid  for  A  dossen  of  Cushions  And  a  Pulpitt 
Cushion  . .  05  05  00 

Paid  for  a  dossen  of  water  buckets  and 
bringinge  downe  . .  . .  . .  01  16  04 

Paid  for  a  statute  booke  at  large      , .      01  18  00 

Lost  by  light  gould 00  07  06 


39  13  11 


16     PAYMENTS.     33 


Aprill  12. 

Paid  mr  Trendle  money  that  his  wife  paid 
for  a  fine  to  have  a  licence  to  victuall 
when  she  left  of  and  did  not  vict.  00  10  00 

May?. 

Paid  for  beere  at  Lilbornes  when  the  cattle 
should  have  bene  driven  but  put  by  wth 
wett  weather  00  01  00 

June  10. 

Paid  for  trimynge  the  Cryers  bell   . .      00  00  08 

July. 

Geven  to  Sir  Thomas  Glemhains  drum  for 
servinge  upon  a  trayninge  day  . .  00  05  00 

For  a  newe  hooke  to  hange  the  Kinges 
Armes  wthall  . .  . .  ..  00  00  03 

August. 

Paid  Charles  Warne  the  ramaynder  of  the 
money  for  the  Pulpitt  . .  . .  01  00  00 

Geven  to  mr  Rivetts  man  for  bringinge  of 
venison  00  05  00 

more  that  Richard  Lilborne  spent  on 
ginn  ..  .-  •.  ••  00  00  06 

September. 

To  Tho.  Smith  for  carryinge  of  a  horse  to 
Sir  Thomas  Glemhams  and  returnynge 
when  my  Lord  Veere  was  in  Towne  00  01  06 

October. 

To  Robt  Bromond  for  nayles,  pap  wax 
speeks  and  shovells  for  the  Townes  use 
as  appeere  p  bill 00  15  10 

Paid  unto  mr  Squier  Bence  for  two  Holberts 
for  the  Townes  use  for  the  sarjeants  of 
his  band  00  11  00 


i2  s.  VIIL  JUNE  ii,  1921,3       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


16     PAYMENTS.     34 

Paid   unto   mr  Bobt  Rypine   as   a   gratuitie 

from    Mr    Bayliffs    and  Jthe    rest    of    the 

company       . .          . .          .. .          . .      17  00  00 

to  Francis  Chapman  for  mendinge  the  houre 

glasse  at  Church 00  00  06 

Paid  for  rayles  payles  posts  battens  and  nailes 

to    tryme   the    pound   in   the   Street   and 

for  workman  shipp 00  17  01  \ 

For  a  lock  for  the  stocks      . .          . .      00  00  06 
Paid   the   Constables   money   they   laid   out 

for       wardinge       before       the      Sessions 

June  .  .      00  02  08 

More   to   him   (Richard   Lilborne)   for  beere 

on  the  Sessions  day  for  Mr  Rivett     00  02  06 
mere  to  him  for  carrieinge  the  Kings 

lettrs  00  01  06 

more   to   him  for  helpinge   to    mesure    the 

towne  Rye  . .          . ,          . .  00  00  06 

more  to  him  (Willm  Baldwin)  for  wine  and 

tobacco     unto     the     hall     at     an     as- 
sembly     00  03  06 

Oeven  by  the  apointmt  of  Mr  Bayliffs  to  the 

Kings  players          . .          . .          . .      01  00  00 

Pd  Tho  :  Payne  for  goinge  about  the  towne 

to  keepe  poore  children  from  begginge  for 

13  weeks  at  6d  p  weeke      . .          . .      00  06  06 
To  Charles  Warne  for  cuttinge  an  arch  at 

Church  to  place  the  pulpitt  . .      00  01  06 

more   to   him  for  a  horse  hire  to   Sr  Tho : 

Glemham  wh  a  porquepice  . .      00  01  00 

for  strowinge  hearbes  for  the  town  hall     00  00  04 
To    Charles    warne    for    mendinge    table    on 

the  towne  hall          00  02  00 

More    to    him    for    a    boxe    to    put    towne 

writings  in   .  .  . .  . .  00  01  08 

More    to    her    (widow    Bardwell)    for    wine 

when      the      Lord      Banyngs       was      in 

towne  . .  . .  . .  00  16  00 

Given  Tho :  Smith  the  Bellman  to  buy  him 

a  Koate        00  13  04 

more  to  him   (Richard   Usher)   for  the  half 

of  a  newe  buckett  . .          . .          . .      00  00  08 

To    Edmund    Bixbie    for    2    juns    of    beere 

spent  upon  our  Trayninge  dayes. .      00  08  00 
To  Thomas  Wyard  for  trmynge  the  towne 

Cushions        . .  . .  .  .  00  00  06 

To  Jo :  Cossie  for  makinge  of  a  newe  payer 

of  gates  for  the  Church  porch      . .      00  12  00 
For  boards  ledges  posts  and  nailes  for  the 

gates  as  appeere  p  bill      . .  . .      00  12  04 

To    Jo :    Reynolds    for   hengells    pikes  locks 

and  a  haspe  for  them          . .          . .      00  10  10 
To  Charles  Warne  for  a  new  frame  for  the 

Clocke     and     for     new     Joyntinge      the 

diall  00  16  00 

Pd  Jo  :  Insent  for  payntinge  the  dyall     01  00  00 
For  help  to  gitt  the  diall  up  and  downe  and 

to  nailes  and  ledges          . .          . .      00  03  03 
for  a   box  lock  and  gymers   to   put   towne 

wrightings  in  . .          . .  00  01  08 

for   a   skynne    of    pchment   for   the    townes 

use  . .          00  01  00 

AlTHUR   T.    WlNN. 
Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 

(To  be  continued.') 


FORGOTTEN   PERIODICALS   OF 
1830-1833. 

A  COMPLETE  collection  of  very  interesting 
London  periodicals  has  just  come  into 
my  hands ;  it  consists  of  publications 
between  1830  and  1833,  all  of  which  had 
a  very  short-lived  career  and  are  now  for- 
gotten. Curiously  enough  they  are  all  of 
one  size,  and  with  the  exception  of  one  or 
two  all  priced  at  one  penny.  Their  size  is 
11  by  9  inches,  which  has  enabled  them 
to  be  bound  up  together.  The  owner  of 
the  volume  has  had  it  labelled  '  Various 
Penny  Periodicals,'  which  is  a  misnomer, 
as  the  first  number  is  a  sixpenny  weekly 
entitled  The  Cerberus ;  or,  Tartarean  Re- 
view, No.  1  of  the  Earthly  Edition.  Whether 
it  was  published  elsewhere  is  not  clear, 
but  it  appears  that  only  this  one  number 
was  issued,  on  May  1,  1830,  and  twelve 
copies  only  sold,  the  rest  being  bought  up 
and  destroyed,  so  that  it  seems  clear  that 
it  was  not  really  wanted  by  mortals.  It 
consists  of  eight  pages  of  scurrilous  verse 
and  prose.  It  was  supposed  to  emanate 
from  the  lower  regions,  furnishing  a 
chronicle  of  the  proceedings  there  and 
comments  on  passing  events.  It  is  full  of 
poor  punning  material  and  was  evidently 
suppressed,  probably  by  the  law. 

Only  ten  numbers  were  published  of 
Punchinello  ;  or,  Sharps,  Flats,  and  Naturals. 
No.  1  is  dated  Jan.  20,  1832,  price  one 
penny,  and  the  series  contains  illustrations 
by  Robert  Cruikshank.  As  an  inducement 
to  newsmen  to  order  and  sell  this  paper, 
they  were  entitled  to  copies  of  the  wood- 
cuts on  vellum  paper  if  they  undertook 
to  order  twelve  dozen  weekly  copies. 

The  Weekly  Visitor  and  London  Literary 
Museum  first  saw  light  on  Jan.  21,  1832, 
and  managed  to  exist  through  fifteen 
numbers.  It  is  advertised  to  print  twenty 
thousand  copies  weekly,  but  the  only 
advertisers  were  of  quack  pills  and  balsams. 
Several  portraits  may  be  traced  in  the 
puzzle  pictures  which  were  a  feature  of  this 
publication.  No.  14  is  missing  from  the 
British  Museum  Copy. 

A  Slap  at  the  Church  is  a  curious  title 
for  a  weekly  periodical.  It  was  published 
in  1832  at  a  penny  and  was  illustrated  by 
Cruikshank,  Seymour  and  others.  It  ran 
to  seventeen  numbers  and  issued  a  title- 
page  and  index.  In  its  valedictory  it  said 
it  had  accomplished  its  object  "  to  amuse 
by  a  little  harmless  satire  "  ;  its  promoters 


466  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  S.VIIL  JUNE  11,1921. 


felt  the  highest  gratification  at  its  success,  |  tained,  except  for  its  caption  title,  three 
"  for  never  did  weekly  periodical  down  j  full-page  cartoons  by  him,  and  a  back  page 
to  our  starting  come  out  with  so  large  a  i  of  advertisements.  The  British  Museum 
sale,"  but  for  various  reasons  it  was  decided  j  Catalogue  queries  »the  date  of  publication 

as    1830,    but    my    number    gives    in    con- 


to    transform    ourselves    into    a    less    re- 
pulsive form." 

Giovanni     in     London  :      a     Journal     of 


temporary    handwriting    on    the    number, 
April,  1832." 


Literature,  Anecdote,  Wit,  cfcc.,  appeared!  The,  Schoolmaster  at  Home,  No.  1,  June  9, 
at  a  penny  on  Feb.  18,  1832.  It  purports  |  1832,  ran  into  six  numbers,  with  a  pre- 
to  live  up  to  the  reputation  of  a  "  Yorkshire  sentation  plate  of  Thomas  Attwood  given 
Pie "  containing  the  usual  good  things  j  with  the  last  number.  The  letterpress  is 
well  seasoned,  but  only  six  numbers  were  j  almost  entirely  political,  with  a  small 
published,  of  four  pages  each,  the  last  num-  j  woodcut  illustrating  some  grievance  of 
ber  appearing  with  a  black  border  and ;  the  time.  Four  pages,  a  penny, 
bemoaning  the  fact  that  "  'Twas  but  one  \  The  Whig-Dresser  was  first  issued  Jan.  5, 
short  week  since  we  talked  of  retiring  from  1833,  and  ran  for  twelve  issues  as  a  weekly, 
business,  but  'gad,  the  times  are  sadly  j  giving  a  promise  in  the  last  number  that  it 
changed,  for  business  has  retired  from  us."  would  be  continued  as  a  monthly,  with 
Not  in  the  British  Museum.  caustic  caricatures  by  Wm.  Heath,  "  the 

The  Devil  in  London  made  a  bold  bid  for  modern  Hogarth."  It  was  mainly  political 
favour;  it  ran  during  1832  from  Feb.  29  j  and  sparsely  illustrated,  of  four  pages  and 
to  Nov.  10,  and  changed  its  title  three  times,  i  price  a  penny. 

and  issued  a  title  page  and  contents  with  ;  T^  Satirical  Puppet  Show,  of  which  only 
yet  another  title.  The  first  seven  numbers  !  two  numbers  appeared,  was  issued  m  May, 
appeared  as  The  Devil  in  London ;  then  ^33.  Half-page  cartoon  on  front  cover, 
to  No.  24  it  was  Asmodeus  ;  or,  The  Devil  \  and  political  news  on  the  other  three, 
in  London  ;  Numbers  25  to  37  (the  end)  |  with  no  advertisements.  Not  in  the  British 
were  Asmodeus  in  London,  and  the  title 


page   was    The   Devil's   Memorandum   Book 


Museum. 

A     specimen     of     Cruikshank1  s    Random 


for    1833— evidently    an    attempt    to    issue  \ Shots  >    also    bound    up    in    the    volume, 


the  whole  as  a  volume,  but  with  the  wrong 
date  of  year.  The  last  number  was  of  two 
pages  only,  and  expressed  regret  that  it 


and  gives  an  example  of  one  law  for  the 
rich  and  another  for  the  poor,  a  striking 
exposure  exemplified  in  the  jewellery  theft 


was  necessary  to  stop  short,  and  in  the  j  bv  the  ricn  Misses  Turton,  of  East  Sheen,. 
words  of  the  Hibernian  ''commit  suicide  '  whose  prosecution  collapsed,  and  that  of 
to  save  our  life."  i  Mary  Jones,  who  was  hanged  for  taking 

The   New   Figaro,    of   which    only   three  a  piece   of   coarse   linen   from  the   counter 
numbers    were   published,    adhered    to    the   of  a    draper's  shop. 

popular  price  and  gave  a  similar  number  j  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

of  pages   to  the   others.      Its   motive  was 


,  CHARLES   BOWKER    ASH, 

are  depressed  by  sorrow,"  &c.    The  prologue  MINOR  POET. 

was  "  brief  as  woman's  love,"  and  the  j  Ag  this  t  is  t  mentioned  in  the  «  D.N.B/ 
epilogue  was  a  threat  to  the  publishers  |  or  otl£r  available  biographical  sources, 
from  the  great  men  in  authority  that  j  h  aps  a  few  particulars  might  be  recorded 

T.rmkTT          TTT£ir*£i  liohklck          -rr\          -r\-r*r\ci£irn-t4'  -i  r\-r\    ''  T/-VW       *  _    .    *  •*• 


they     were     liable     to     prosecution "     for 
publishing  a  newspaper  within  the  meaning 


of  the  statute.  fordshire,  in  April,   1781,    and  was  the  son 


The  Weekly  Show-up,  six  numbers  only 
issued,  was  mainly  political  and  satirical 
and  contained  several  half-page  woodcuts. 
Its  first  number  is  dated  June  30,  and  last 
Aug.  4.  Four  pages  only,  price  one  penny. 

Robert  Cruikshank  issued  a  penny 
monthly,  without  date,  in  April,  1832, 
entitled  A  Slap  at  the  Times.  The  first 


and  may  serve  as  a  guide  to    further  infor- 
mation.    He  was  born  at    Adbaston,  Staf- 


of  a  farmer,  George  Ash,  and  his  wife 
Frances.  He  appears  to  have  spent  his 
youth  in  his  native  place,  for  he  wrote 
'  An  Elegy ;  written  in  the  Church  Porch 
at  Adbaston,  the  Author  not  Seventeen.' 
He  wrote  various  poetical  works  of  more 
interest  than  inspiration,  but  not  devoid 
of  a  certain  ability  and  quite  as  creditable 


(and    last  ?)    number    of    four    pages    con-    as  those  of  many  better  known  minor~poets 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  ii,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


•of  his  day,  and  these  were  collected  into 
two  volumes  bearing  the  title,  '  The  Poetical 
Works  of  C.  B.  Ash  of  Adbaston,'  published 
by  Longman,  Rees,  Orme,  Brown  and  Green, 
1831,  the  last  date  that  I  can  discover  in 
connexion  with  him. 

Glimpses  of  him  are  to  be  traced  in 
various  parts  of  the  country.  Some  lines 
headed  '  Epistle.  To  a  Friend  on  his  calling 
upon  me  when  I  was  from  home,  for  the 
purpose  of  tasting  my  Anno  Domini '  are 
dated  Sept.  5,  1805,  from  ''Liverpool; 
1,  Bedford  Place,  St  James's."  Many  of  his 
collected  pieces  were  published  separately. 
One  of  these — '  The  Hermit  of  Hawkstone  : 
a  Descriptive  Poem,'  by  Charles  Ash, 
author  of  'Adbaston,'  'The  Heath  Girl,' 
&c. — was  published  at  Bath,  *'  printed  by 
Meyler  and  Son,  Abbey  Churchyard,"  1816; 
and  another,  '  The  Flagellator,'  was  also 
published  at  Bath  in  1814.  In  his  collected 
poems  there  are  various  indications  that 
he  was  at  one  time  an  actor,  as,  for  example, 
his  '  Triumphs  of  Thespis  '  and  '  Essay  on 
the  Art  of  Acting '  (in  a  note  thereto  he 
states  he  "is  no  stranger  to  a  theatrical 
life");  also,  in  a  dedicatory  poem  to  Ad- 
baston ("by  a  Lady,"  Bristol,  1814),  ap- 
pear the  lines  : — 

For   rural  joys,   and   wisdom's   gifted   page, 
You  quit  the  gaudy  pageants  of  the  stage. 

With  these  few  hints  I  first  sent  a  query 
to  the  valuable  notes  and  queries  columns 
of  The  Somerset  County  Herald,  and  through 
the  courtesy  of  that  paper  received  ad- 
ditional information  (see  date  Sat.,  Feb. 
7,  1920),  obtaining  the  following  from 
the  Reference  Library,  Bath  : — "  Charles 
Bowker  Ash  was  at  Bath  between  the  years 
1813-16  and  appears  to  have  been  associated 
with  the  Bath  Stage.  His  poem  '  Adbaston  ' 
was  addressed  from  the  Theatre  Royal, 
Bath,  1814."  This  seems  to  end  his  con- 
nexion with  Somerset,  which  is  not  mentioned 
in  his  own  poems,  though  a  song  was  "  set 
to  music  by  John  Pindar,  Esq,  of  Bath." 

A  writer  in  The  Somerset  County  Herald 
considered  that  "  it  would  seem  nearly  cer- 
tain that  C.  B.  Ash  was  also  a  schoolmaster 
at  Eccleshall,  Staffordshire,"  for  he  wrote 
a  Prologue  in  1821  to  be  spoken  at  a  pro- 
vincial grammer  school  (a  note  indicating 
this  to  be  Eccleshall),  and  other  poems  of 
the  same  date  that  lend  colour  to  this 
suggestion  by  internal  evidence. 

The  next  indications  appear  from  the 
following  facts  : — ( 1 )  his  collected  poems 
were  printed  for  Messrs.  Longman,  &c.,  by 


S.  Silvester,  at  the  Albion  Press,  High  Street, 
Market  Drayton ;  (2)  one  of  his  poems, 
'  The  Hermit  of  Hawkstone '  (annotated, 
like  most  of  his  longer  poems)  shows  a  know- 
ledge of  that  district ;  (3)  a  poem  of  his 
signed  "  Roderick  Flagellum  "  and  dated 
from  "  Cumberland  Cottage,  14  miles  North 
of  the  Wrekin,  April,  1819,"  and  another 
on  Sept.  1,  1819,  indicate  that  he  resided 
in  Shropshire.  Inquiries  there  have  eli- 
cited no  definite  information,  only  hints  of  a 
writer  of  the  name  of  Ash  (who  may  or  may 
not  have  been  the  poet)  who  lived  at  or 
near  Stafford  House  on  the  road  from 
Market  Drayton  to  Childs  Ercall ;  but 
reports  as  to  this  gentleman,  who  appears 
to  have  been  eccentric,  vary,  one  stating  he 
died  a  year  or  two  after  1861,  and  another 
that  he  resided  there  some  42  years  ago. 
Inquiries  round  Ash's  native  place  have 
also  been  unavailing. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  discuss  his  poems 
here,  but  it  may  be  of  interest  to  add  that 
he  wrote  '  A  Layman's  Epistle  to  a  Certain 
Nobleman.'  The  name  of  the  nobleman 
is  not  given,  but  this  poem  ("written  and 
printed  previous  to  the  decease  of  the  Noble 
Personage ")  was  evidently  addressed  to 
Lord  Byron,  criticizing  him  for  writing 
'  Cain.'  Lastly,  in  the  advertisement  to 
the  revised  edition  of  '  Adbaston '  (a  poem 
which  throws  some  little  light  on  his  early 
days),  in  his  collected  works,  he  writes 
with  pride  : —  % 

Since  this  poem  was  first  printed  at  Bath  in 
1814,  it  has  been  revised,  and  several  alterations 
have  been  made  in  it,  for  which  I  am  indebted 
to  the  friendly  suggestions  of  Mr.  Coleridge, 
author  of  '  The  Remorse  '  and  other  works,  who, 
in  the  kindest  manner,  not  only  gave  me  con- 
siderable encouragement,  but,  entirely  without 
my  knowledge  or  solicitation,  took  much  trouble 
in  making  many  marginal  notes  in  a  copy,  that, 
afterwards,  fell  into  my  hands  by  accident. 

In  Simms's  '  Bibliotheca  Staffordiersis,' 
after  a  few  biographical  notes  and  detailing 
a  number  of  his  published  poems,  it  is  stated 
that  water-colours  by  him  were  in  the  Salt 
Library,  Stafford,  together  with  "  Maps  of 
the  various  Parishes  of  the  County  of 
Stafford."  RUSSELL  MABKLAND. 


"FLIPPANCY." — The  use  of  this  word  in  the 
sense  of  vividness  or  fluency  is  not  in  the 
'  N.E.D.'  (though  this  sense  of  the  adjective 
is),  but  it  occurs  in  a  note  of  Cobbett's  to  the 
trial  of  Lord  Stafford  ('  State  Trials,'  pub- 
lished 1810),  where  he  says  : — "  The  following 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


passage  .  .  .  'furnishes  a  lively  speci- 
men of  the  flippancy  and  other  qualities 
which  characterize  her  [Mrs.  Macaulay's] 
work,"  evidently  meaning  to  praise.  The 
passage  (vol.  vii.,  p.  273)  is  certainly  not 
flippant  in  our  sense.  H.  C N. 

"  GOOD  OLD." — It    is    interesting  to  note 
the  occurrence  of  the  phrase   "  good  old  " 
used    in    a    jocular    sense    in    Miss    Eden's 
*  Letters,'    p.    121    (Letter    from    Hon.    E.  ] 
Eden   to   Miss   Villiers,   Dec.    13,   1826)  : —  | 
"  Good  old  George  arrived  to-night,  which  is 
payment  for  everything,"  i.e.,  her  still  young 
brother,  Lord  Auckland. 

Has  it  been  noted  how  much  light  Miss 
Eden's  letters   throw   on   the   character   of  | 
Lord   Goderich   (Prime  Minister  in    1827)  ? 

J.  BATY. 

Tokyo, 

EARLY  REFERENCES  TO  CHEDDAR 
CHEESE. — The  'N.E.D.'  notes  two  refer- 
ences to  this  cheese  dated  1684  and 
1666.  In  the  volume  of  the  Historical 
MSS.  Commission  dealing  with  the  Earl 
of  Egmont's  papers,  there  is  recorded,  under 
date  Jan.  20,  1638/9,  a  letter  from  Sir 
Philip  Percivalle  at  Dublin,  which 
Prays  his  cousin  to  bestow  what  surplus  there 
may  be  from  rents  in  the  purchase  of  old  cheese 
of  the  country  (which,  as  he  remembers,  is  called 
Cheddar  Cheese),  the  supply  from  Chester  being 
stopped. 

In  the  *  Calendar  of  State  Papers,'  Domes- 
tic Series,  1635,  under  date  Nov.  16,  in  a 
letter  from  Viscount  Conway  to  Lord 
Poulett  we  read,  "  Reminds  him  of  a  '  cheese 
of  Cheddar  '  he  was  to  send  the  writer." 

Under  date  Nov.  30,  1635,  Lord  Poulett, 
in  reply  states,    "Has  sent  to  take  up  all; 
the  cheeses  at  Cheddar  for  him,"  and  under 
date  Dec.    13,   1635,  Lord  Poulett   advises 
Viscount  Conway  that  he 

Sends     a    Cheddar     Cheese     and     apologises    for 
sending  but  one.     They  were  wont  to  be  common 
in  that  county,  till  now  they  are  grown  to  be  in  j 
such     esteem     at     the     Court,     that     they     are 
bespoken    before  they    are    made. 

R.  HEDGER  WALLACE. 

SORS  IERNICA. — The  present  troubles 
in  Ireland  may  suggest  to  the  seekers  of 
ominous  coincidences  a  couplet  of  a  well- 
known  Latin  hymn  if  written  thus : — 

Dies  I.B.A.E.,  dies  ilia, 
Soluet  saeclum  in  fa  villa. 


MARRIAGES  (see  12  S.  v.  262;  viii.  188, 
367). — In  continuation  of  my  Notes  at  the 
above  references,  the  following  information 
may  be  found  useful : — 

At  Edinburgh,  Oct.,  1789,  John  Hen- 
derson, late  of  Jamaica,  to  Miss  Helen- 
Leslie,  dau.  of  Geo.  Leslie,  merchant  in 
Aberdeen. 

At  Dublin,  Oct.,  1789,  Dr.  Mackay  to 
Mrs.  Dixson,  with  a  fortune  of  £30,000.  ' 

At  Chester,  Oct.,  1789,  Captain  Forbes 
to  Miss  Limery  of  Chester. 

At  London,  Oct.,  1789,  Alexander  Geddes*. 
Esq.,  of  the  31st  Regiment,  to  Miss  Easton,. 
dau.  of  Mr.  Alderman  Easton  of  Salisbury. 

At  London,  Oct.,  1789,  Captain  Dyer, 
of  the  Marines,  to  Miss  Innes,  dau.  of  Rear- 
Admiral  Innes. 

At  Edinburgh,  Oct.  19,  1789,  William 
McCunn,  merchant  in  Greenock,  to  Mis» 
Susannah  French. 

At  Tynemouth,  Oct.,  1789,  Robert  Hod- 
shon  Clay,  Esq.,  advocate,  to  Miss  Liddle, 
of  Dockwray  Square,  North  Shields. 

At  Aberdeen,  Sept.  24,  1789,  James 
Melles  of  Newhall,  Esq.,  to  Miss  Janet 
Barclay,  dau.  of  the  late  Walter  Barclay 
of  Pitachop,  Esq. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


(Queries. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


Cambridge. 


J.  P.  POSTGATE. 


INSCRIPTION  IN  OLD  HOUSE  AT  ST. 
ALBANS. — A  mural  painting  has  recently 
come  to  light  in  one  of  the  old  houses  in 
St.  Albans,  which  was  probably  erected 
circa  1400,  and  the  interior  walls  of  which 
have  been  covered  with  whitewash  and  sub- 
sequently covered  with  paper  a  number  of 
times.  The  inscription,  which  is  upon 
a  lath-and-plaster  wall,  was  found  to  be  in 
an  extremely  bad  condition — a  leak  in  the 
roof,  combined  with  patches  in  the  wall, 
having  obliterated  considerable  portions. 

Two  of  the  members  of  the  St.  Albans 
and  Hertfordshire  Architectural  and  Archaeo- 
logical Society,  consisting  of  a  Vice-Presi- 
dent,  Sir  Edgar  Wigram,  Bart.,  and  myself, 
have,  by  very  careful  treatment  extending 
over  the  past  fortnight,  removed  the  white- 
wash, thus  revealing  an  inscription  in  black 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  ii,  1921.]     -  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


letter  consisting  of  four  verses  of  six  lines 
each  in  iambic  pentameter,  arranged  hori- 
zontally about  five  feet  above  the  floor 
level,  below  which  appears  a  representation 
of  panelling  in  brown  distemper.  The  black- 
letter  inscription,  so  far  as  at  present 
disclosed,  appears  to  read  as  follows  : — 
The  wicked  worlde  so  false  a  ...  of  cryme 

Did  alwaies  mbuve  her  li     ...     to  weepe 
The  fadinge  hopes  .  .  .  augh  ...  of  that  time 

.  .  .  moan  .  .  .  did  often  .  .  .  slaughter  (?)... 

[sleep 

Thus  pleasures  rare  each  follie  did  procure 
There our  passions  to  endure. 

The  other  three  verses  are  in  such  a  frag- 
mentary condition  that  I  hesitate  to  send 
them. 

The  fact  that  the  lettering,  together  with 
a  yellow  background  upon  which  it  is 
painted,  is  all  in  water-colour  has  necessi- 
tated the  use  of  camel-hair  brushes  only 
in  order  that  the  inscription  should  not  be 
further  damaged.  The  verses  disclosed 
are  probably  a  local  effusion,  but,  as  this 
supposition  may  possibly  be  erroneous, 
we  are  soliciting  the  favour  of  your  kind 
assistance,  deeming  it  possible  that  a 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  may  be  in  possession 
of  some  clue  to  the  origin,  for  which  we 
should  be  greatly  indebted. 

It  is  proposed  to  treat  the  wall  with  coats 
of  size  to  prevent  suction,  and  finally  with 
paper  varnish  for  preservation :  but  any 
suggestion  for  treatment  which  has  proved 
successful  in  similar  cases  would  be  very 
warmly  welcomed. 

CHARLES  H.  ASHDOWN, 
Hon.  Sec.,  St.  Albans  and  Hertfordshire 
Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society. 

St.  Stephen's,  St.  Albans. 

JOAN  of  ABC.  — -Will  some  reader  kindly 
inform  mo  where  the  suit  of  armour  person- 
ally worn  by  the  Maid  of  Orleans  is  pre- 
served, and  where  it  can  be  seen  ?  Any 
information  concerning  same  will  be  grate- 
fully received.  Please  reply  direct. 

LOUISE  VENDENHEM. 

49,  Dalberg  Road,  S.W.2. 

THE  MANOR  OF  LILLEY,  HERTFORDSHIRE, 
— Can  reference  be  supplied  to  publications 
and  public  records  relating  to  the  rights, 
privileges  and  duties  of  the  lord  and  tenants 
of  the  manor  of  Lilley,  with  Putteridge,  in 
the  Hundred  of  Hitchin,  Hertfordshire, 
and  to  footpath  rights  possessed  by  the 
general  public  in  thftt  manor  ? 

H.  A.  J.  MARTIN. 


OLIVE     SCHREINER. — When     and     where 

j  was    Olive    Schreiner   born   and   when   and 

i  where  did  she  die  ?     None  of  the  biographical 

i  notices    published    in    London    gave    these 

j  particulars.     A  Reuter  telegram  from  Cape 

Town  dated  Dec.  11,  1920,   announced    her 

death,  without  giving  place  or  date. 

F.  R.  C. 

DR.  G.  McCALLTHEAL. — When  and  where 
was  Dr.  G.  McCall  Theal  (the  historian  of 
South  Africa)  born  ?  He  was  a  Canadian 
by  birth  and  in  March,  1919,  spoke  of 

I  himself  as  being  nearly  82.  It  is  stated 
that  he  was  born  at  St.  John's,  but  which 
of  the  numerous  St.  John's  in  Canada 

5  is  not  indicated.  F   R   C 

i 
I 

S.  E.  THRUM. — On  the  road  from  Sand- 

|  wich   to    Sandwich   Bay  is    a    small    stone 

•  about    15   inches   high   and    6   inches   wide 

i  inscribed    "  S.    E.    Thrum   died   here    llth 

Dece.   1849." 

Who    was    this    person    and   why  is  his 
I  death  so  recorded  ? 

References  to  authorities  or  contem- 
porarj-  accounts  will  be  appreciated. 

G.  D.  JOHNSTON. 

ENGLISH    CHEESES    NOTED    BY    GERVASE 

[MABKHAM,   1631. — In  'The  English  House 

i  Wife,'  the  fourth  edition  of  which  was  issued 

in     1631,    Gervase    Markham    describes    a 

number     of     cheeses.       Under     the     head 

'  Cheese  '  we  read  : — 

Of  which  there  be'  divers  kinds  as  New  Milk,  or 
Morning  Milk  Cheese,  Nettle  Cheese,  Flitten-milk 
Cheese,  and  Eddish  or  After-math  Cheese,  all  which 
have  their  several  orderings  and  compositions. 

Describing  these  cheeses  Markham  writes  : — 

1.  A  New-milk  or  Morning-milk  Cheese  which  is 
i  the  best  Cheese  made  ordinarily  in  our  Kingdom. 

2.  A  very  dainty  Nettle-cheese,    which    is    the 
I  finest  Summer  Cheese  which  can  be  eaten. 

3.  Flitten-milk    Cheese   which   is   the   coursest 
(sic)  of  all  Cheese. 

4.  Eddish    Cheese    or   Winter  Cheese,    there   is 
not  any  difference  betwixt  it  and  your    Summer 

j  Cheese. 

None  of  the  cheeses  described  by  Mark- 
i  ham   seems   to   be    a    hard-pressed   cheese 
|  like    the    Cheddar,    which    is    recorded    as 
early  as  1635  as  being  then  in  no  demand. 
Are    there    any    references    to    Markham's 
!four   types    of   cheeses   hi   other   works   of 
the  same  period  or  earlier  ?     ;        '•  -  L  /    L  J 
R.    HEDGER   WALLACE.    ' 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  S.VIIL  JUNE  11,1921. 


ray     who    wrote    '  Two    Summers    in    the 
Pyrenees  '   (2nd  ed.,   1837)  ? 

F.  LUCAS  BENHAM,  M.D. 

WBINGING  THE  HANDS. — A  well-known 
sonnet  of  D.  G.  Rossetti  begins : — 

Rend,  rend  thine  hair.  Cassandra,  he  will  go. 
Yea,  rend  thy  garments,  wring  thine  hands. 

The  tearing  of  the  hair  and  of  the  garments 
are  ancient  modes  of  signifying  grief ; 
but,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  the  wringing  of 
the  hands  is  not.  One  knows  it,  of  course, 
from  the  famous  pun  of  Sir  Robert  Wai- 
pole,  "  They  are  ringing  the  bells  now ; 
but  they  will  be  wringing  their  hands 
soon."  But  how  far  does  it  go  back  and 
what  is  the  raison  d'etre  of  the  action  ? 


SHBEWSBEBBY  HALL. — In  the  '  Catalogue 
of  Inhabitants  of  the  Several  Parishes 
in  London,'  A.D.  1638,  Lambeth  Palace 
Library,  MS.  272,  under  heading  of  St. 
Michaell  Bassishaw  (Basinghall  Street), 
appears  the  following  : — "  Shrewsberry  hall, 
and  a  Cellar  Usually  Lett,  Tithe  now  paid, 
0.0.0,  The  Moderate  Rent,  £15  .  0  .  0." 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  the  origin  of  the 
above  name. 

Had  it  anything  to  do  with  the  Earl 
of  Shrewsbury  ? 

In  the  list,  made  May  21,  1638,  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  parish  of  "  St.  Andrew 
Holborne,"  he  is  given  as  the  inhabitant 
of  a  house  of  which  the  "  Moderate  Rent  " 
was  £50,  and  the  "  Tyth  paid,"  £2  .  13  .  4. 
He  would,  of  course,  be  John,  10th  Earl, 
who  succeeded  his  uncle  in  1630. 

HEBBEBT  SOUTHAM. 

ALBEBT  SMITH'S  '  STOBY  OF  MONT  BLANC,' 
1st  ed.  1853,  2nd  ed.  1854,  both  pub- 
lished by  David  Bogue.  In  the  second  edition 
there  is  some  slight  substitution  of  the 
illustrations,  but  in  the  main  the  wood- 
cuts are  intended  to  be  identical  with  those 
of  the  previous  edition  ;  and  at  a  first  glance 
no  difference  is  apparent.  On  closer  inspec- 
tion, however,  the  details — especially  the  i  326,  his  first  wife  was  Anne,  or  Amy,  O'Mear a 
arrangement  of  the  lines  of  engraving —  i  °f  Lisany,  Tipperary,  by  whom  he  had 
are  exactly  similar  in  only  a  very  few ;  !  several  sons  and  daughters.  I  should  be 
in  others  there  is,  at  any  rate,  considerable  glad  to  know  where  I  could  find  further 
alteration,  and  the  rest  seem  to  be  altogether  ;  particulars  of  his  family,  the  date  of  the 

_       j  1_ _  1  1  •  -£-«n4-          »,,4-C^  •  ,-,  --I  ^,-,  4-"U  J          4-l~  A  *£  "U-IsM 


Cambridge. 


J.      P.      POSTGATE. 


MILNEB. — Robert  Milner  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  in  May,  1778,  Thomas 
Milner  in  Sept.  1772,  and  William  Milner 
in  July,  1784.  I  am  desirous  of  ascertain- 


ing  the  parentage  of  these  three  Milners. 

G.  F/R.  B. 

MEILEB      MAGBATH,        ARCHBISHOP      OF 
CASHEL. — According  to  the  '  D.N.B.,'  xxxv. 


new  though  close  copies. 

Is  any  reason  known  why  the  wood- 
blocks should  have  required  to  be  re-cut 
or  replaced  in  this  particular  case  ? 

F.  LUCAS  BENHAM,  M.D. 

'  MUBBAY'S  EXPEDITION  TO  BOBNEO  '  is 
the  title  of  a  small  pamphlet  by  W.  Cave 
Thomas,  F.S.S.,  edited  by  Temple  Orme, 
published  by  Lawrence  and  Bullen,  1893, 


first   wife's    death, 
second  wife. 


and 


the    name    of    his 
G.  F.  R.  B. 


ROBEBT  MUSTEBS  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School  in  July,  1720,  aged  eight. 
Can  any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q  '  help 
me  to  identify  him  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

IDENTIFICATION  OF  ABMS. — Per  fess  a 
pale  countercharged  between  three  swans 

INQTJIBEB. 


HACKNEY. — Hackney  in  London  has  been 
said  to  have  a  Danish  origin,  dating  to  times 


price   4d.  ;    "it   is   most   likely   now  'out   of !  ducally  gor£ed  and  chained, 
print    and    unprocurable.       It    describes    a 
romantic  and  rather  wild  attempt  by  the 
Hon.  Erskine  Murray,  with  a  few  followers, 

to  found  a  settlement  on  the  coast  of  i  when  these  Northmen  came  up  the  Lea  -and 
Borneo,  somewhat  after  the  example  of '  a  Hacon  landed  on  an  island,  "  ey,"  hence 
Rajah  Brooke,  in  1843-4.  Unfortunately  Hacon's  "  ey,"  Hackney.  This  explana- 
the  leader  was  killed  in  an  encounter  with  i  tion  is  not  well  received  by  the  authorities, 
the  natives  ;  the  expedition  therefore  Now  there  is  another  Hackney  in  England — 
failed  and  the  rest  of  the  party  returned.  a*  Matlock — and  should  this  meet  the  eye  of 
As  far  as  I  know,  this  is  the  only  published  a  Hackneyite  of  that  place  any  knowledge 
account  of  the  expedition.  Murray's  name  possessed  by  him  as  to  the  origin  of  Hackney 
is  not  mentioned  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  Was  he,  as  j  at  Matlock  would  be  much  appreciated. 
I  presume  he  was,  the  Hon.  Jas.  Erskine  Mur- !  WILLIAM  R.  POWEB. 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  ii,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


CHARLES  BOWKER  ASH,  MINOR  POET. — 
I  am  most  desirous  of  discovering  the  place 
and  date  of  death  of  this  poet.  The  extent 
of  my  information  about  him  is  given  in 
the  note  under  his  name  at  ante,  p.  466. 
RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  SONGS.- — Can  any  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  help  me  to  complete  a  col- 
lection for  children's  use  of  old  musical 
settings  of  the  songs  in  Shakespeare's 
plays,  such  as  Arne's  '  Where  the  Bee 
Sucks'  ?  SHEILA  RADICE. 

The  Pines,  West  Byfleet,  Surrey. 

FAMILY  MOTTOES. — What  motto  has  been 
most  frequently  adopted  in  heraldry  ? 

O.  H.  WHITTINGHAM. 

MAGDALEN  COLLEGE,  OXFORD,  AND  THEO- 
PHILUS  GALE. — The  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
vol.    Ixxxiii.;     p.    318,    published    a    letter 
dated  Oxford,  April  8,  1813,  from  a  corre- 1 
spondent  who  signed  himself  "  Oxoniensis,"  '. 
in  reply  to  an  inquiry  as  to  the  descendants  { 
•of   Theophilus   Gale   (1628-1678),   and  who' 
stated  that  "  his  life  and  family  connexions  i 
will  be  most  copiously  detailed  in  an  ela- ! 
borate   work   now  preparing,    intituled    '  A 
succinct  and  separate  History  of  Magdalen 
Hall,    St.    Mary's    Hall,    and    St.    Alban's 
Hall,  Oxford,  with  the  lives  of  the  worthies  | 
of  those  Societies.'  '      Both  Magdalen  Col- 1 
lege  and  Bodley's  Librarians,  consulted  in 
1913,  were  confident  that  this  work  never 
saw  the  light  of  day.    Who  was  "  Oxonien- 
sis ;'  ?      Theophilus   Gale,   author   of   '  The 
•Court  of  the  Gentiles,'  was  bom  at  Kings- 
teignton,     Devon,     where     his     father,     a 
Prebendary    of    Exeter,    was    vicar.        His 
grandfather  was  George  Gale  of  Credit  on. 
FRED  R.  GALE. 

Gerrards  Cross. 

BARRACLOUGH. — WThat  is  the  derivation 
of  the  name  Barraclough  and  when  did  it 
first  come  into  use  ?  What  is  its  correct  pro- 
nunciation ?  I  find  among  many  English- 
men some  uncertainty  as  to  what  is  the  cor- 
rect pronunciation  of  the  word,  and  many 
times  I  am  asked  by  my  own  countrymen 
how  it  should  be  pronounced.  Any  informa- 
tion as  to  its  origin,  &c.,  would  be  much  ap- 
preciated. S.  P.  BARRACLOUGH. 

Madrid. 

[Mr.  Harrison,  in  his  '  Dictionary  of  the  Sur- 
names of  the  United  Kingdom,'  deri  ves  this 
name  from  O.E.  bcarg,  a  pig,  -f-  *cloh,  a  hollow, 
and  says  it  means  "  dweller  at  the  swine-hollow."! 


THE  HOODED  STEERSMAN.- — In  medi- 
aeval illustrations  of  ships  the  figure  of  the 
steersman  is  usually  the  only  one  with  a 
hood.  (Roll  of  St.  Guthlac  and  '  Historic  of 
St.  Edward  the  Confessor,'  now  in  the  Fitz- 
william  Museum.)  Is  there  any  reason  for 
this  ?  J.  Z.  CHRISTY. 

FALKIRK  BATTLE  ROLL. — Could  any 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.?  tell  me  whether  the  Fal- 
kirk  Battle  Roll  of  1297  has  ever  been  pub- 
lished by  any  society  ? 

I  cannot  find  any  mention  of  such  a  Roll 
in  the  British  Museum,  except  that  printed 
in  the  Reliquary.  R.  G.  S. 

HEARTH  TAX. — In  the  Hearth  Tax 
Rolls,  26  Charles  II.,  Wm.  Gates  of  Ponte- 
fract  is  responsible  for  seven  hearths. 
Would  this  mean  he  had  seven  houses  at 
Pontefract  ?  R.  G.  S. 

BUTTONHOLES. — It  will  be  remembered 
that  Mr.  Alexander  Fairford,  in  '  Red- 
gauntlet,'  used  to  appear  in  court  in  summer 
with  a  nosegay  of  flowers  and  in  winter  with 
a  sprig  of  holly  in  his  buttonhole.  When 
did  this  custom  (if  it  was  a  general  custom) 
begin  and  how  long  did  it  last  ?  E.  R. 

AUTHORS  WANTED,  l.  Who  wrote  a  poem  con- 
taining the  following,  or  similar,  lines  : — 
"  Heart  of  Christ !   O  cup  most  golden, 

Brimming  with  salvation's  wine  ! 
Million  souls  have  been  beholden 

Unto  Thee  for  life  divine." 

I  have  an  idea  that  the  author  was  a  chaplain 
to  Oliver  Cromwell  ?  What  is  the  remainder 
of  the  poem,  or  where  is  it  to  be  found  ? 

R.  M. 

2.  Who  wrote  the  verses  beginning  : — 

"  The  Lord  God  planted  a  garden  "  ? 

V.E. 

[Dorothy  Frances  Garney,  in  a  poem  entitled 
'  God's  Garden,'  included  in  a  book  of  poems 
reviewed  by  Mr.  Algernon  Blackwood  in  Country 
Life,  May  31,  1913.] 

3.  Whence  are  the  following  lines  taken  ?    They 
appear  as  an    unnamed    quotation  in    a    volume 
published  1891. 

"  Half  screened  by  its  trees  in  the  Sabbath's  calm 

smile, 
The   church   of   our   fathers   how  meekly   it 

stands  ! 

The  villagers  gazed  on  the  old  hallowed  pile, 
It  was  dear  to  their  hearts,  it  was  raised  by 
their  hands." 

W.  B.  H. 

REFERENCE  WANTED. — "  The  most  dangerous 
thing  in  the  world  is  ignorance  in  motion."  I 
have  read,  somewhere,  that  the  above  words  were 
written  by  Goethe.  Can  any  reader  give  me  chap- 
ter and  verse  ?  A.  R. 


472  .NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [»aviii.jra™ii>mi. 


example     is    Norman),    where   we   find   an 
equivalent  and  expressive  phrase.    "  Les  fiefs 
<«  TENANT  IN  CAPITE."  son*  tenus   nu   a   nu    [Lat.  immediate]    des~ 

i  seignurs  quand  il  n'y    a    aulcune   personne, 
£>.  vui.  429.)  j  entre    eulx    et    leurs    tenants"  ('  Ancienne- 


MR.  GRIFFITH,  in  his  note  on  this  ancient  man-!  Coutuine    (de    Gruchy)/  c.  29).     So   too    a 
ner  of  tenure,  is  interested  to  discover  when  it!  *enam:s  'capitalis  dommus"    is  his  imme- 


diate  lord,  not  the  lord  who  is  chief  above 


and    fundamental,    not     acquired.       Until    1258'  c'  29  ;    <Ann'  Bm>ton,'  p.    474,  §    13. 
the    seventeenth    century  it    was  a    fiction  I  But  PerhaPs  tms  usage  of  the  term  "chief 
of     the     law     that     all     lands    were    held !  tord     was  not  very  consistently  maintained : 
either    mediately    or    immediately    of    the !  lt  was  g1™^  trouble  in  1304. 
King,    either   by   knight -service   or   socage  !      In  EnSland  tenure  in  capite  was  abolished 
This   was   the   foundation   stone   on   which l  by  stat:    12  ,Car  2'   c'    24»   and  a11  tenures- 
the  feudal  system  was  built.     So  absolute  j  turned  mto  free  and  common  socage. 
was  this  maxim  that  it  was  held  that  even '  ROBY  FLETCHER. 

the  King  could  not  give  lands  in  so  uncon- 
ditional a  manner  as  to  set  them  free  from  TETHER  BOOK  (12  S.  vm.  432).— This 
tenure.  If  he  expressly  declared  that  his  is  undoubtedly  a  misprint  for  Terrar  Book, 
patentee  should  hold  the  lands  absque  Terrar  or  Terrier,  Terrarium,  Catalogus- 
alioque  inde  reddendo,  yet  the  law  or  estab-  i  Terrarum>  was  a  land  roll  or  survey  of  lands,, 
lished  policy  of  the  kingdom  would  create '  either  of  a  single  person  or  of  a  town.  It 


a  tenure  and  the  patentee  should  anciently 
(before  stat.  12  Car.  2,  c.  24)  have  held  from 
him  in  capite  by  knight -service.  Accord- 
ingly the  legal  definition  of  tenure  in  capite 
was — caput,  i.e.,  Rex,  unde  tenere  in  capite, 
est  tenere  de  rege,  omnium  terrarum  capite. 
Anciently  the  tenure  was  of  two  kinds,  the 


contained    the    quantity    of    acres,    tenants' 
names   and   such   like.     In   the   Exchequer 
there  is  a  Terrar  of  all  the  glebe  lands  in_ 
England  made  about  11  E.  3. 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

The  '  N.E.D.'   gives   tethe  and  tething  as 


one  principal  and  general,  the  other  special  or  i  obsolet©  forms  of  tithe  and  tithing.  Is 
subaltern.  The  principal  and  general  was  !  not  the  book  referred  to  likely  to  be  a  list 
of  the  King  as  caput  regni  et  caput  generalis-  \  °*  the  lands  and  the  owners  thereof  who- 
simum  omnium  feodorum,  the  fountain  whence  were  .subject  to  pay  tithes  in  1779  ?  Or 
all  feuds  and  tenures  have  their  main  origin  •  I  Perhaps  it  was  compiled  for  the  convenience 
the  special  was  of  a  particular  subiect.  as'  of  the  tythmg-man,  who  was  employed  to 


special  was  of  a  particular  subject,  as 
caput  feudi  sen  terrae  illius,  so  called  from 
his  being  the  first  that  granted  the  land 
in  such  a  manner  of  tenure,  whence  he  was 
called  capitalis  dominus. 

Time  and  necessity  made  many  modifi- 
cations in  the  methods  of  tenure,  and  the 
interesting  examples  contributed  by  MR. 
GRIFFITH  show  how  the  term  in  question  was 


collect  the  tithe-corn,  i.e.,  one  sheave  of 
every  ten  which  belonged  to  the  tithe- 
owner.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

CAPTAIN  COOK:  MEMORIALS  (12  S.  viii. 
132,  176,  198,  218,  297,  335).— The  in- 
scription on  the  plate  at  Point  Venus,  as 
Cook  called  it  (not  Venus  Point,  as  the 


used  in  practice  in  a  much  wider  sense  j  Admiralty  have  it  nowadays),  is  not  quite 
Pollock  and  Maitland  ('  History  of  English '  accurately  quoted  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  April 
Law,'  2nd  ed.,i.,  pp.  233,  234)  state  that  in  the'  <  last-  I  photographed  it  on  Jan.  1, 
thirteenth  century  the  term  "in  capite"'  1909»  and  took  an  exact  copy  of  the  words 
had  come  to  be  equivalent  to  "immediately,"  on  tne  brass  Plate,  which  are  these  :— 
"  sine  medio  "  ;  thus  even  a  burgage  tenant  This  Memorial,  erected  by  Captain  James  Cook 
might  have  "tenants  in  capite"  holding  to  commemorate  the  observation  of  the  transit 
A  .  .  ,.  Vs  of  Venus,  June  3rd,  1769,  was  restored  and  fenced 

ol  him  Again,  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  round  by  the  local  Administration  at  Tahiti, 
Koger  holds  of  Nigel,  Nigel  of  the  Earl  and  this  plate  was  placed  here  by  the  Royal 
of  Chester  :  Nigel  consents  that  Roger  j  Society  and  Royal  Geographical  Society  in  1901. 
shall  hold  of  the  Earl  "in  capite  ut  vulgo  \  The  original  nucleus  of  the  present  "  Me- 
loquitur"  ('Hist.  Abingd.,'  ii.  67).  The  term  morial"  is  a  small  fillet  of  brass  which  was 
was  in  use  in  Normandy  (MR.  GRIFFITH'S  first !  fixed  in  a  trimmed  blockjof  coral  limestone 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  11, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  473 


partly  sunk  into  the  ground,  placed  there  finished  the  Monument  to  remain  closed." 
by  Cook  to  mark  the  spot  where  his  pedestal  This  was  duly  carried  out — yet  on  Dec.  4 
quadrant  (now  in  the  Science  Museum  at  in  that  same  year  a  wondering  and  terrified 
South  Kensington)  was  set  up  when  he  de-  crowd  saw  a  man  standing  on  the  very 
termined  the  longitude.  The  observa-  summit  of  the  Monument,  above  the  gilt 
tions  of  the  transit  were  made  at  three  part  representing  flames  !  Expecting  him 
different  places,  one  on  a  hill  at  the  rear  to  leap  into  space  the  spectators  were  re- 
of  Point  Venus  (Matavai),  another  some  lived  to  see  him  after  a  few  minutes  disappear 
miles  along  the  coast  to  the  eastward  of  within  the  golden  ball.  This  venturesome 
that,  and  the  third  at  the  island  of  Mo'orea,  person  was  one  of  a  number  of  workmen 
sixteen  or  eighteen  miles  to  the  westward,  employed  on  repairing  the  interior  iron- 
Cook's  original  brass  fillet  has  been  |  work.  W.  COUBTHOPE  FOBMAN. 
carefully  preserved  in  the  reconstruction 

to   which   the   term    "  memorial "      is   now  j      The  replies  at    the    last   reference,    with 

applied ;    but    it    is   really    and    technically  the    exception    of    an  incidental  remark  by 


what  the  Admiralty  calls  an   "  observation 
mark "   left    in    situ    for   the   guidance   of 


future  observers. 


B.  GLANVILL  COBNEY. 


[Our   correspondent   informs   us  that  enlarged 


W.  J.  M.,  do  not  deal  with  the  second  query 
by  MB.  WAINEWBIGHT.  He  may  like  to  be 
referred  to  the  edition  of  '  The  Ingoldsby 
Legends,'  edited  by  the  author's  daughter, 
Mrs.  Edward  A.  Bond,  and  published  by 


copies  of  his  photograph  may  be  seen  at  the  j  Richard  Bentley  and  Son  in  three  volumes 
rooms  of  the  Royal  Society,  the  Royal  Geo- 1  in  1894.  This  edition  gives  various  historical 
graphical  Society,  and  the  Royal  Astronomical  no^es  UBLLAD 

THE  MONUMENT:  'INGOLDSBY  LEGENDS'!  MB-  «*<>=»  B-  WAINEWBIGHT  asked  the 
(12  S.  viii.  392,  434).— At  half -past  ten  on  oth1er  °Jay  ^h?thel'  ther®  Tas  an.  edltlon  of 
the  morning  of  Friday,  Aug.  19;  1842,  Jane  The.  Ingoldsby  Legends  with  notes  ex- 
Cooper;  aged  17,  a  domestic  servant,  leaped  Paining  the  various  references  to  their 
from  the  rail  at  the  top  of  the  Monument,  current  events.  I  do  not  think  there  is 
In  her  descent  she  turned  round,  and  as  one»  but  I  have  one  edition  with  a  few 
she  struck  the  earth  while  in  a  position  by  contemporaneous  notes  not  by  any  means 
which  her  knees  were  near  her  chest,  nearly  exhaustive.  I  cannot  help  thinking  that 
every  bone  was  broken.  She  took  such  a  between  us  the  companionship  of  '  N.  &  Q. 
leap  that  she  fell  nearly  12  feet  from  the  could  easily  compile  a  very  interesting 
base  of  the  Monument  in  Fish  Street  Hill,  collection  if  every  one  noted  down  the  points 
and  cleared  a  cart  which  was  standing  at  he  wanted  explaining  and  explained  those 
the  side  of  the  pavement.  he  knew.  WILLIAM  BULL. 

At  the  inquest  it  transpired  that  Jenkins,       Vencourt. 
the   attendant,  in  performance  of  his  duty, 

went  with  her  to  the  top,  but  his  attention  SMALLEST  PIG  or  A  LITTEB  (12  S.  viii.  331, 
was  attracted  by  the  shutting  of  a  door,  j  376,  395,  417,  435,  453).— In  the  Gort  and 
and  while  he  left  her  for  a  few  minutes  to  [  Loughrea  districts  of  Co.  Galway ,  Ire- 
see  what  had  happened  the  unfortunate  land,  the  smallest  pig  of  a  litter — which  is, 


young  woman  took  her  desperate  jump. 
No  reason  for  her  suicide  was  elicited,  and 
the  jury  brought  in  a  verdict  of  tempoiary 
insanity. 

On  Aug.  22  the   City   Lands  Committee, 


I  believe,  the  last  born — is  called  the 
"  runt."  In  Co.  Dublin  and  Co.  Wicklow 
the  word  "  runt  "  is  also  used  to  denote 
the  weakling  of  a  litter  ;  but  I  am  not  sure 
whether  in  these  counties  it  is  a  local  name 


in  order  to  prevent  any  other  persons  from  j  or   whether   the   users   have   imported  the 


very 
famous 

the  head  of  the  visitor  to  leave  no  chance  |  breeder    of    these    dogs   who   lived   in   Co. 
of  squeezing  through.     The  additional  rail-    Carlow,   and  I  was  told  that  he  was   the 
ings  to  be  painted  white,  so  as  to  be  in-    "  runt  "  of  the  litter.     So  the  name  is  not,, 
visible    at    a    distance."     The    surveyor    of  j  apparently,  confined  to  the  smallest  pig. 
the    works   was    directed   to   proceed    with  ABTHUB  J.   IBELAND. 

the  alteration  immediately,  and    "till  it  is        St.'Albans. 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.vm.  JUNE  11,1021, 


JAMES   MACBUBNEY   (12   S.    viii.    431). —       It   is ;  unsectarian.     Since    the    beginning 
Madame  d'Arblay,  in  her  *  Memoirs  of  Dr.   it  has  extended  its  range  very  greatly. 
JBurney,"  gives  the  following  from  a  memo-  j  \v.  B.  S. 

randtim  written  by  Dr.  Burney  himself  : — 

My  grandfather,  James  Macburney,    who,    by '       I    take    the     following    from    '  Education 
letters  which  I  have  seen  of  his  writing,  and  circum- 1  in    the    United    States,'    ed.    Butler    (1900), 

stances    concerning   him   which    I    remember   to  !  §23  . 

Jiave  heard  from  my  father  and  mother,  was  a  ' 


gentleman  of  a  considerable  patrimony  at  Great 
Hanwood,  a  village  in  Shropshire,  had  received 
•a  very  good  education  ;  but,  from  what  cause  does 
not  appear,  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  was 
appointed  land-steward  to  the  Earl  of  Ashburn- 
ham.  He  had  a  house  in  Priory  Garden,  Whitehall. 
In  the  year  1727  he  walked  as  Esquire  to  one 


In  America  the  name  Chautauqua  [not  Chatau- 
n  stands  for  a  place,  an  institution,  and  an 
The  place  is  a  summer  town  on  Lake 
Chautauqua  in  south-western  New  York.  It 
is  a  popular  educational  resort  during  the  months 
of  July  and  August  for  several  thousand  people 
who  go  there  from  all  parts  of  the  country  to 


It   is   a  kind  of    educational    Bayreuth 
for    the   people. 

And  the  following  from  '  The  Cyclopedia 
of  Education'  (New  York,  1911),  s.v.  :-— 


of  the  Knights,  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George  I  hear  lectures  and  music,  to  attend  class  courses  of 

the  Second.     My  father  James,  born  likewise  at    instruction,   to   enjoy  College    life    and  open  air. 

Hanwood,  was  well  educated  also,  both  in  school 

learning  and  accomplishments.     He   was  a  day 

scholar      at     Westminster      School      under     the 

celebrated    Dr.    Busby    while     my     grandfather 

resided    at    Whitehall.     .     .     . 

Notwithstanding  the  Mac  which  was  prefixed  In  1874>  Chautauqua  Sunday  School  Assembly 
to  my  grandfather's  name,  and  which  my  father  was  founded  by  Lewis  Miller  ....  and  Dr. 
retained  for  some  time,  I  never  could  find  at  what  I  J-  H-  Vincent.  .  .  .  The  fundamental  idea  of 
period  any  of  my  ancestors  lived  in  Scotland  or  j  the  Assembly  was  to  afford  a  broader  training 
in  Ireland,  from  one  of  which  it  must  have  been !  for  Sunday  School  teachers,  to  combine  formal 
derived.  My  father  and  grandfather  were  both  i  instruction  with  informal  conferences,  and  to 
born  in  Shropshire,  and  never  even  visited  provide  recreation  and  entertainment. 

either  of  those  countries."  TTI  1/^1  111-       -IO»F- 

Hebrew  and  Greek  were  added  in   1875, 

James   Macburney   was   living   at   Coton   French  and  German  in  1878,  and 
Hill,  Shrewsbury,  when  Charles  (Dr.)  Burney    each  successive  year  saw  a  lengthening   of  the 
^as    born   in    1726,  but    quitted   that   town ;  session,    an   enrichment   of   the    popular   lecture 
soon  after  and  set  himself  up  as  a  portrait-  !  programme,  an  enlargement  of  the  curriculum, 
painter  and  teacher  of  drawing  in  Chester,!      ln   1878  the  Chautauqua  'Literary     and 

Scientific  Circle  was  founded,  and  within 
a  few  years  60,000  readers  were  following 
the  prescribed  courses.  In  1883  instruc- 


,and  I  think  it  was  then  also  that  he  dropped 
the  "  Mac  "  in  his  name. 

He   was,    we   are   told,    a   gentleman   of 
"  convivial  spirit,'  ready  repartee,  and  care- 


tion  by  correspondence  was  started. 


chasing  pleasantry,"  and  consequently ,;  The  ori  inal  idea  hag  been  .^  imitated 
it  may  be  added,  was  very  neglectful  of  untii  the  word  Chautauqua  has  become  a  common 
his  family.  He  was  certainly  in  Chester  noun. 

up  to  1744,  but  I  have  not  yet  found  out  the  j      Each    of    the   articles   cited   gives   much 
place    and    date    of    his    death,    though    I ;  information  respecting  the  movement,  with 
consulted     several     of     the     ~*      ' 


have 
registers. 

It  is  probable  that  this  easy-going  gentle- 
man moved  on  to  some  other,  town  after 
professional  work  began  to  drop  off. 

JOSEPH  C.  BRIDGE. 
Chester. 


Chester   a  list  of  books  in  which  still  more  informa- 
tion may  be  found.  DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea. 


"LITTLE  ENGLANDEB  "  (12  S.  viii.  431). 
— A  phrase  first  applied  by  the  Pall  Mall 
Gazette,  when  a  Liberal  paper,  to  those 
persons  in  the  country  who  disagree  with 
"  Imperialism,"  and  are  usually  found  in 


"CHAUTAUQUA"  (12  S.  viii.  431). — It  is 
impossible   in    a   brief   note   to    supply   an, 

adequate  description  of  the  Chautauqua  opposition  when  the  Government  are  en- 
Movement.  It  started  at  Chautauqua  Lake  ga8ed  m  disputes  and  wars ;  the  "  peace 
as  an  open-air  meeting  for  religious  exercise,  I  at  any  Price  "  Party-  Sony  I  cannot  give 
"  to  join  in  a  broad  movement  for  the  in-  i  date-  The  Phrase  "  Little  Englanders  " 
crease  of  power  in  every  branch  of  the  I  also  occurs  in  the  Westminster  Gazette  for 
•Church."  i  Aug.  1,  1895,  and  "  Little  Englandism  " 

A    charter    was    granted    by    the    Legis- !  in  The  Times  for  Jan-  2(>,  1899. 
lature  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1871.  ARCHIBALD  SPABKE. 


128.  viii. JUXE  ii,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


475 


BERNARD  ANDREWS,  POET  LAUREATE 
( 12  S.  viii.  431). — The  "  Bernard  "  and  "  Ber- 
nard Andrews  "  mentioned  were  evidently 
one  and  the  same  person.  In  '  The  Poets 
Laureate  of  England,'  by  Walter  Hamilton 
(Elliot  Stock,  1879),  the  author  states 
(p.  22) :- 

Andrew  Bernard  (better  known  as  "  Master 
Bernard,  the  Blind  Poet "),  a  native  of  Toulouse, 
and  an  Augustine  monk,  was  successively  Poet 
Laureate  to  Henry  VII.  and  Henry  VIII.  He  was 
also  Historiographer  Royal,  and  preceptor  in 
grammar  to  Prince  Arthur,  the  elder  brother  of 
Henry  VIII.  In  an  instrument  dated  November 
1486,  the  King  granted  a  salary  of  ten  marks  to 
Andrew  Bernard,  Poet  Laureate,  until  he  can 
obtain  some  equivalent  employment.  He  after- 
wards received  several  ecclesiastical  preferments, 
and  was  made  Master  of  St.  Leonard's  Hospital 
at  Bedford.  In  accordance  with  the  traditions 
of  the  office,  all  the  poems  he  wrote  as  Laureate 
are  in  Latin.  They  consist  of  'An  Address  to 
Henry  VIII.  for  the  Most  Auspicious  Beginning 
of  the  Tenth  Year  of  his  Reign,'  '  An  Epitha- 
lamium  on  the  Marriage  of  Francis  the  Dauphin 
of  France,  with  the  King's  Daughter  '  ;  'A  New 
Year's  Gift  for  the  Year  1515  '  ;  and  some  Latin 
hymns.  His  most  important  prose  work  was  a 
history,  which  he  brought  down  to  the  time  of 
the  capture  of  Perkin  Warbeck.  URLLAD. 

In  'The  Poets  Laureate  of  England,' 
by  W.  Forbes  Gray,  1914  (chap,  i.,  '  Court 
Poets  before  Ben  Jonson '),  appears  a 
mention  of  "  Andrew  Bernard."  After 
touching  upon  the  "  university  laureates  " 
it  is  stated  that  between  these  and  "  those 
poets  who  were  attached  to  the  royal 
household,  there  appears  to  have  been  some 
connection,"  and  Warton,  in  his  *  History 
of  English  Poetry,'  is  quoted  as  regards 
king's  laureates  : — "  A  graduated  rhetorician 
employed  in  the  service  of  the  king." 
John  Kaye  (see  '  Caius  or  Kay,  John,  fl. 
1480,'  in  the  '  D.N.B.')  was  the  first  to  style 
himself  in  print  "poet  lawreate."  Mr.  Forbes 
Gray  mentions  him,  and  says  that  from  "his 
day  to  that  of  Ben  Jonson,  who  received  the 
first  grant  of  Letters  Patent,  there  was  an 
unbroken  succession  of  royal  Laureates. 
These  bards  .  .  .  are  usually  designated 
'  Volunteer  Laureates.'  '  The  last  of  these 
was  Samuel  Daniel. 

This  "  Andrew  Bernard "  (who  is  un- 
doubtedly the  "  Bernard  Andrews "  of 
MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT'S  query)  is  identical 
with  Bernard  Andreas — see  the  '  D.N.B.' 
under  '  Andreas,  or  Andre,  Bernard,  fl. 
1500  '  ;  this  account  should  be  referred  to 
for  fuller  particulars.  He  appears  to  have 
died  in  "  extreme  old  age  "  not  long  after 


1521. 


RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 


This     was     Magister     Bernard     Andreas, 
I  Andre,  Andrew,  or  Andrews,  an  Augustinian 

Friar,  who  came  to  England   from  Toulouse 

about    1485.     MR.  WAINEWRIGHT   will   find 
|  some    account    of   this    historian   and    poet 

laureate  in  the  '  D.N.B.'   (re-issue),  vol.   i. 

398-9,    and    further    references    to    him    in 
j  Rymer's   '  Foedera  '  ;    F.  A.   Page-Turner's 

*  Chantry     Certificates     for     Bedfordshire ' 

(1908),   p.    67;     '  Archseologia,'    xxvii.    154,- 
i  192 ;     the    '  Calendars     of     State     Papers,' 

Henry   VIII.  ;    and   no    doubt    also    in   the 

'  Camb.  Hist,  of  Engl.  Literature,'  vol.  iii.  ; 

the  'Trans.'  of  the  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  vol.  viii. 

(1880)  ;    and  *  The  Laureateship,'  by  E.  K, 
!  Broadus.  H.  G.  HARRISON. 

"  Aysgarth,"  Sevenoaks. 

'  THE  NEW  JERUSALEM  :  A  HYMN  OF  THE 

OLDEN  TIME  '  :  (12  S.  viii.  432).— This  small 

I  book,  published  in  1852,  contains  an  edition, 

or  version,  by  Dr.   Horatius  Bonar  (1808- 

89),     of    the    ancient,     well-known    hymn, 

:  '  Jerusalem,     my     Happy     Home.'     From 

|  1843-66  Dr.  Bonar  was  a  Minister  at    Kelso- 

i  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland.     See  the 

!  'D.N.B.'  for  an  account  of  him. 

H.  G.  HARRISON. 

| 

"THE  POOR  CAT  i'  TH'  ADAGE"    (12   S. 

I  viii.     431). — This    proverb    was     evidently 

!  known     in     English    before     Shakespeare's 

time,  for  J.  S.  Farmer,  in  his  notes  to  his 

edition   of   Heywood's    'Proverbs'     (1906), 

quotes  a  MS.  in  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 

|  of  circa  1250,    "  Cat  lufat  visch  ac  he  nele 

1  his  feth  wete."     Heywood's  book  appeared 

!  in   1562  and  it  may  well  have  been  that 

Shakespeare  adopted  the  saying  from  him. 

,  The   late   Latin    equivalent   was  : — "  Catus 

I  amat  pisces  sed  iion  amat  tingere  plantain." 

DE  V.  PAYEN-PAYNE. 

A  reference   to   the  proverb   appears   in 
English  literature  as  early  as  Chaucer  : — 
For  ye  be  lyk  the  slepy  cat, 
That  wolde  have  fish  ;  but  wostow  what  ? 
He  wolde  no-thyng  wete  his  clowes. 

'  The  Hous  of  Fame,'  iii.  693-695. 

HAROLD  WILLIAMS. 
8,  Abingdon  Gardens,  Kensington,  W.8. 

Reference,  Bacon's  Promus.  MSS. 
(circa  1585),  folio  96: — "The  catt  would 
eat  fish  but  she  will  not  wett  her  foote." 
'  Macbeth '  Shakespeare  produced  in  the 
year  1606.  HUGH  SADLER. 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  s.vm.  JUNE  11,1921. 


LATIN  PROVERB  (12  S.  viii.   432). — Near: 
the  beginning  of  a  letter  written  to  Curio  ' 
in  the  year  53  B.C.,  Cicero   says,  "  Tibi,  etsi,  j 
ubicumque    es,    ut    scripsi    ad    te    ante,    in 
^adem  es  navi,  tamen,  quod  abes,  gratulor  " 
( '  Ad   Familiares,'  ii.  5).      About  ten   years 
later,    when   writing      to    Cornificius    ( '  Ad  | 
Fam.'  xii.  25,  5),    he  says,  again  with  refer- 1 
ence  to  the  political  situation,  "  Una  navis  | 
^st  iam  bonorum  omnium."     R.  Y.  Tyrrell ! 
compares     the     corresponding     phrase     of  | 
Demosthenes      (319,      8),      eVi      rrjs      auT^s  j 
(dyKvpas)  6pp.clv  rots  TroXXots-.  The  metaphor  of  | 
the  "  ship  of  state  "  is  familiar  in  more  than  j 
one  language,  even  if  not  "  in  all  languages,"  | 
as  Tyrrell  and  Purser's  note  would  have  it. ' 
Otto,     '  Sprichworter    der    Romer,'    quotes 
from   Livy,   xliv.    22,    12,    "  Qui   in   eodem 
velut  navigio  participes  sunt  periculi." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

GIBBON  :  REFERENCE  WANTED  (12  S.  viii. 
431). — The  words  quoted  come  from  the 
seventy-first  chapter  of  the  '  Decline  and 
Fall,'  where  Gibbon  discerns  "  four  principal 
causes  of  the  ruin  of  Rome,  which  continued 
to  operate  in  a  period  of  more  than  a 
thousand  years,"  the  first  being  the  injuries 
of  time  and  nature.  Dealing,  under  this 
-head,  with  the  danger  of  frequent  in- 
undations to  which  Rome  was  exposed,  he 
•writes  : — 

The  servitude  of  rhers  is  the  noblest  and  most 
important  victory  which  man  has  obtained  over 
the  licentiousness  of  nature  ;  and,  if  such  were 
the  ravages  of  the  Tiber  under  a  firm  and  active 
government,  what  could  oppose,  or  who  .  can 
enumerate,  the  injuries  of  the  city  after  the  fall 
of  the  Western  Empire  ? 

In  a  marginal  note  Gibbon  sends  his 
readers  to 

the  '  Epoques  de  la  Nature '  of  the  eloquent  and 
philosophic  Buff  on.  His  picture  of  Guyana  in 
South  America  is  that  of  a  new  and  savage  land, 
in  which  the  waters  are  abandoned  to  themselves, 
without  being  regulated  by  human  industry. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

JOHN  WINTHROP  :  INNER  TEMPLE,  1628 
(12  S.  viii.  391). — According  to  Mr.  Thomas 
Seccombe  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  the  elder  John 
Winthrop  "  appears  to  have  been  ad- 
mitted of  the  Inner  Temple  in  November, 
1628  ('  Members  of  Inner  Temple,'  p.  252)," 
while  the  late  Mr.  J.  A.  Doyle  in  his  life  of  the 
-son  says  that  the  latter  was  admitted  of  the 
Inner  Temple  in  November,  1624,  giving 
as  his  authority  '  List  of  Students  Admitted, 
1547-1660,'  p.  241.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 


TERCENTENARY  HANDLIST  or  NEWS- 
PAPERS (12  S.  viii.  38,  91,  173,  252  ;  see  vii. 
480).— I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  H.  Tapley- 
Soper  for  the  following  information  as  to 
a  West-country  paper  not  in  the  '  Handlist,' 
and  not,  I  think,  generally  known.  It  is 
entitled  Richard's  Topsham  Herald  and 
General  Advertiser  for  South  and  East  Devon. 
An  extant  issue  is  dated  Thursday,  Sept.  29, 
1864,  price  one  penny,  and  consists  of  four 
pages,  with  the  imprint  (on  the  back), 
"  Printed  and  Published  for  the  Proprietor, 
R.  Richards  of  4,  Strand,  in  the  Parish  of 
Topsham,  on  Thursday,  September  29, 
1864."  The  pages  are  not  numbered,  but 
the  issue  appears  complete. 

Richards  was  a  printer  in  a  small  way 
of  business,  and  also  kept  a  shop  at  which 
he  sold  tobacco,  stationery,  and  other 
sundries.  The  paper  seems  to  have  run  for 
two  or  three  years. 

NORAH  RICHARDSON. 

FRANKLIN  NIGHTS  (OR  DAYS)  (12  S.  viii. 
411). — These  are,  no  doubt,  our  old  friends 
"  the  three  Ice-saints  of  May  "  who  make 
their  appearance  from  time  to  time  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  I  believe  that  I  can  add  one 
item  of  information  to  what  has  been 
already  given.  In  Russia  the  peasants 
say  that  at  the  end  of  spring  a  cold  wind 
blows  and  that  it  is  caused  by  the  budding 
of  the  oaks.  Tolstoi  discusses  this  curious 
instance  of  cause  and  effect  in  the  second 
chapter  of  the  third  part  of  his  great  epic, 
'  War  and  Peace.' 

For  many  years  I  have  been  in  the 
habit  of  watching  for  the  coming  of  these 
saints — not  in  '  N.  &  Q.' — but  outside,  and 
my  experience  is  that  all  that  can  be  safely 
affirmed  is  that  some  time  in  May  there  is 
a  sudden  spell  of  sharp  cold.  This  year  it 
came  on  the  28th,  whereas  St.  Mamertus, 
the  first  of  the  "  Icemen,"  has  his  feast 
kept  on  the  llth.  In  Southern  Germany 
the  spell  is  later  than  in  the  North.  The 
French  have  a  popular  saying,  "  Mi-mai, 
queue  d'hiver."  According  to  Reclus  there 
is  in  Siberia  a  swift  apparition  of  spring, 
unsurpassed  in  the  world  for  beauty,  but 
it  is  followed  by  a  set-back  that  occurs 
about  the  20th. 

The  sudden  fall  of  temperature  in  Western 
Europe  appears  to  be  due  to  the  blowing  of 
the  wind  from  Greenland  and  Labrador, 
where,  owing  to  the  thaw  within  the  Arctic 
circle,  there  is  an  unusually  large  quantity  of 
ice.  In  Siberia  it  has  probably  a  different 
cause.  T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 


12  S.YIII. JUNE  ii,  i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


SIB   HENRY   COLET   (12    S.    viii.  438). — I  PETTY  FRANCE  ( 12  S.  viii.  407,  452).— 'New 

•am   exceedingly   obliged   by   the   justifiable  Remarks  of  London    ...    Collected  by  the 

•criticism     by     the    author     of     'Aldermen  Company     of     Parish-Clerks,'     1732,     gives 

of    the    City    of    London '    of    my   slightly  Petty  France  as  the  name   of  one   of  the 

erroneous  reply  to  the  Colet  request.     The  seven     divisions    or    wards    of    the    parish 

Mayor    in    1777    (not    1774)   was   certainly  of  St.  Margaret,  Westminster,     the    Petty 

Hayford,'  not  Layford  as  misquoted  by  me  France    division    containing    some    twenty - 

from    '  Monumenta    Franciscana,'    and    the  five  streets,  yards,  alleys,  &c.,  and  one  of 
King   should   have   been   Edward   IV.,   not 'these    being    included   as    "Petty-France." 

Henry   VI.      Hewlett,  it   is   true,  says   the  The   same^work  gives  also,  in.  the  parish  of 

Mayor  was  Sayford,  but  both  Fabyan  and  St.  Botolph,  Bishopsgate  : — 
Stow  say  Hayford,  and   the    Rev.  A.  Bevan  j      Petty-France,  which  was  a  desolate,  ruinated 

is  undoubtedly  right.  place,  but  is  now  raised  a  great  deal  higher,  and 


CHARLES  J.  STOCKER. 

OLD  LONDON:  THE  CLOTH  FAIR  (12  S. 
viii.  310,  353,  435). — At  the  last  reference 
MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS  writes  :— 

,  I  am  not  aware  that  any  of  the  numerous 
writers  state,  or  even  suggest,  that  the  worthy 
Prior  "  hit  upon  the  expedient  of  obtaining  per- 
mission to  establish  the  fair." 

At  ante,  p.   353,  I  distinctly  wrote 


is  made  a  fine  spacious  street,  containing  many 
large  uniform  Houses,  and  a  handsom  Meeting- 
House. 

In  the  Index,  at  the  reference  to  the 
last  named,  is  added,  "  now  called  new 
broad  street."  W.  B,  H. 


BOOK  BORROWERS  (12  S.  viii.   208,  253, 
278,  296,  314,  350,  377,  394,  417,  456).— The 
k      immorality    of    book    borrowers    as    lately 

upon  the  expedient  of  asking  from  the  King  disclosed  &  these  pages  is  decidedly  depress- 
the  permission  to  establish  a  Fair  and  if  ^  and  before  ou£  ^^  isdriven  violently 
MR.  ABRAHAMS  will  kindly  refer  to  p.  140  to6terminate  this  topic's  career,  let  me  state 
of  the  work  I  mentioned  viz  O  d  that  this  ^  no  m(fderu  lapse  from  ^ace 
London  Bridge  by  G.  Herbert  Rodwell,  but  a  chronic  vice>  for  m  th£  d  old  times 
he  will  find  that  the  first  paragraph  of  my  it  wag  •  t  ag  bad  S0ven  hundred  years 
reply  is  an  extract  therefrom  before  Jchrist  Assur-bani-pal,  King  of 

I  should  like  to  add  that  I  feeL  sure  your   Ai       inscribed    a    similar    discoursing 

^SSi  c,°!!lsplni!  ^a  V.SL™  ^oTJ^!  tas on  ^  clay tablets  :^ 

Whosoever  shall  carry  off  this  tablet  or  shall 
inscribe  his  name  upon  it,  alongside  my  own, 
may  Ashur  and  Belit  overthrow  him  in  wrath  and 
anger,  and  may  they  destroy  his  name  and 


leading    your   readers    to   believe   that   my 
reply  was  inaccurate. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex.     " 


family  in  the  land. 


H.   A.   HARRIS. 


VERNON  or  LIVERPOOL  (12  S.  viii.  432). — 
I  do  not  think  there  was  a  family  which  can  |      Thorndon. 
be   so   described,   though  some   one   of   the 

name  probably  built,  or  lived  at,  Vernon  j  The  Hood-like  lines  quoted  by  MR. 
Hall,  a  house  near  Low  Hill,  in  a  district  HARTINO  are  four  of  the  thirty  stanzas  in 
which  became  known  as  Mount  Vernon.  i  '  The  Art  of  Book-keeping.'  They  will  be 
I  see  the  will  of  James  Vernon  of  Low '  found  in  '  The  Poetical  Works  of  Laman 
Hill,  Esq.,  was  proved  at  Chester  in  1688,  j  Blanchard '  (London,  1876),  and  in  some 

„  J     -.     1««1—    «^-     *  I    '        .. C^-l^-4-     rt -££  .rx -M  ,r- 1     ^»-v-C^-»i^  ..,  4  ,'.,»,          a  trf  l-»  /"vl  r\  rri  £kO          / f>   rt          *   THTn  TYI  f\r*r\-t  i  a        "Pr\£kTY^o  *          ir\ 


and  a  look  at  this  might  afford  information. 
I  think  he  was  the  James  Vernon  appointed 
on  Nov.  25,  1665,  to  be  Collector  of  Customs 
at  the  Port  of  Chester,  which  included 
Liverpool,  then  rapidly  outstripping  Chester 
in  shipping  and  trade  (see  Moore  MSS., 
Nos.  380,  392,  Liverpool  Public  Library). 
I  expect  he  was  not  a  local  man,  as  it  was 
usual  to  appoint  outsiders  to  this  post. 
He  was  one  of  the  Common  Council  of 
Liverpool  appointed  in  1677.  There  are 


anthologies     (e.g.,  *  Humorous    Poems*     in 
Walter  Scott's  series  of  '  Canterbury  Poets.') 
DAVID  SALMON. 

BLOUNT  OF  LINCOLNSHIRE  (12  S.  viii. 
210,  278,  436). — In  the  Lincolnshire  Pedi- 
grees published  by  the  Harleian  Society 
(vol.  li.,p.  475)  is  a  pedigree  of  Hawley  of 
Girsby,  which  records  the  marriage  of 
"  Agnes,"  daughter  of  John  Hawley,  with 
Thomas  Blount.  He  appears  to  have  been 


views  of  Vernon  Hall  in  the  Liverpool  J  her  second  husband,  she  being  widow  of 
Public  Library.  The  Plumbe  Tempests  Robert  Sutton  of  Lincoln.  In  the  same 
seem  to  have  lived  there  at  a  later  date.  volume  is  a  pedigree  of  Marbury,  starting 

R.  S.  B.      i  with    William    M.,    who    married    "  Anne, 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [12  S.VIIL  JUNE  11,1921. 


d.  of  Thomas  Blount,  son  (recte  brother  ?)  I 
of  Walter  Lord  Mount  joy."  The  Shrop-  j 
shire  Visitation  makes  Anne  the  grand- 1 
daughter  of  Thomas  Blount.  I  am  inclined  j 
to  think  that  an  extra  generation  may ! 
have  crept  into  the  Shropshire  pedigree,  j 
and  that  Thomas  Blount  really  had  twoi 
sons  and  three  daughters  who  are  there 
given  as  his  grand-children.  They  are  | 
Robert  and  William,  who  both  d.s.p.  ;  j 
Anne,  wife  of  William  Marbury  ;  Margaret,  | 
wife  of  John  Bowntaine  (Bownfame  ?) ;  j 
and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  William  Hansacre 
(Hansard  ?).  I  gather  from  other  sources 
(including  10  S.  vii.  263)  that  Halley 
and  Hawley  are  the  same  name. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

SIB  "THOMAS    CROOK,   BART.    (12   S.    viii.  | 
432). — According    to    G.E.C.'s     "  Complete 
Baronetage,"    Sir    Thomas    Crooke    was    a 
son  of  Thomas  Crooke,   S.T.D.,    "  Minister 
of    the    Word    of    God     in     the     Society 
of    Gray's    Inn."     In    his    will    dated    Feb. 
17,    1629/30,    he    mentions    three    brothers  I 
and  various  other  relatives.     He  was  sue-  j 
ceeded  in  the   baronetcy  by  his  second  son! 
Samuel,     who  d.s.p.  about    March,    1665/6.  j 
The    arms    on    his    seal,    a    fess    engrailed 
between     three     eagles     displayed,     appear 
to  be  different  from  those  used  by  the  Crook 
family  of  Lancashire. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

FORDRATJGHT     OR     FORDRAFT     (12     S.  viii. 

450). — This  word  is   certainly   common   in 
Warwickshire,  but    is  generally  spelt  "  for- 
drough."  There  was  a  Fordrough  Street   in  | 
the  centre  of    Birmingham    until  about    a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago,  when  it  was  de- ! 
molished  by  the  Midland  Railway  igoods  | 
depot. 

I  have  always  understood  the  derivation 
to  be  forth-draught,  that    is,  the   way  by  | 
Which  farm  produce  was  drawn  out.    Hence,  j 
instead  of  being  a  way  which  leads  nowhere,  | 
it  is  really  the  way  out  into   the  world  and 
leads    everywhere.     I     should    suppose    it  I 
would  be  quite  exceptional  for  a  fordroiigh 
to  exist  between  two  farms. 

HOWARD  S.  PEARSON. 

As  Howard  was  the  family  name,  William 

Parish's  '  Dictionary  of  the  Sussex  Dia-  Howard,  Viscount  Stafford,  could  not  use 
lect '  gives  "  Fordrough,  (East  Sussex)  a  the  Stafford  coat  of  arms,  the  red  chevron, 
cattle  path  to  water  :— a  grass  ride."  ;  A  branch  of  the  Stafford  family  owned 

ALFRED  LLOYD.        property  at  Bradfield,  Berkshire,  and  pos- 
Bognor.  i  sibly  the  remains  of  an  old  building  still  to 


VISCOUNT  STAFFORD,  1680  (12S.  viii.  409, 
454). — At  the  second  reference  M.  E.  W. 
says  that  he  probably  never  had  a  country 
house  of  his  own  ;  but  he  certainly  had  one 
jure  uxoris  after  1640,  viz.,  Stafford  Castle, 
and  from  his  mother  Alethea  he  inherited 
Stafford  Manor  in  the  county  of  Salop. 
M.  E.  W.  also  says,  "  His  three  sur- 
viving children  were  Henry,  John,  and 
Francis,"  but  in  addition  to  Isabella  and 
Anastasia  mentioned  by  MR.  TOLLEMACHE, 
he  left  three  other  daughters,  (1)  Alethea, 
an  Augustinian  Canoness  Regular  at  Paris, 
who  died  in  1684  ;  (2)  Ursula,  an  Augus- 
tinian Canoness  Regular  at  Louvain,  who 
died  Sept.  14,  1720  ;  and  (3)  Mary,  a  nun 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Dominic  at  Brussels, 
who  died  in  1717. 

MR.  TOLLEMACHE  says  that  John  "  left 
issue  two  sons  and  a  daughter."  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  by  his  first  wife  he  left  issue 
two  sons  and  three  daughters,  and  by  his 
second  wife  he  had  a  son  and  a  daughter, 
but  whether  they  survived  him  does  not 
appear. 

Professor  Bensly  says  : — •"  He  married 
Mary,  daughter  of  Henry,  fifth  and  last 
Baron  Stafford."  He  should  have  said 
sister,  not  daughter. 

See  the  Stafford  pedigree  annexed  to 
Dom  Adam  Hamilton's  "  Chronicle  of  St. 
Monica's,  Louvain,"  vol.  ii. 

William  Stafford -Ho  ward,  the  second 
Earl,  bore  as  arms — or,  a  cheveron  gules. 
See  Collins's  '  Peerage.4 

JOHN  B.   WAINEWRIGHT. 

I  should  be  glad  to  correct  a  stupid  slip 
of  mine  at  the  latter  reference,  where  I 
described  Viscount  Stafford's  wife  as  the 
daughter,  instead  cf  the  sister,  of  Henry  V. 
and  last  Baron  Stafford.  The  authorities 
before  me  were  quite  clear  on  this  point. 
But  there  is  a  curious  discrepancy  in  their 
statements  with  respect  to  the  lady's  father. 
In  Doyle's  '  Official  Baronage  '  he  is  described 
as  Edward,  20th  Baron  Stafford,  while  the 
'  D.N.B.'  calls  him  the  Hon.  Edward 
Stafford.  How  is  this  difference  to  be 
explained  ?  EDWARD  BENSLY. 


12  s.  VIIL  JUNE  ii,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


479 


be  seen  in  the  grounds  of  the  College  mark 
the  site  of  an  old  manor-house.  Burke's 
'  Extinct  Peerage  '  sets  out  the  Stafford  and 
Howard  titles  very  clearly.  E.  E.  COPE. 

LUDGATE,  LONDON  (11  S.  iv.  485  ;  v.  35  ; 
12  S.  viii.  458). — This  place-name  has  been  so 
popularized  that  it  will  persist  for  all  time. 
The  derivation  suggested  by  the  unfamiliar 
work  quoted  by  MB.  F.  A.  EDWARDS  at  the  last 
reference  is  built  on  the  insecure  inference  that 
this  was  the  earliest  western  gate  of  the  City. 
All  available  evidence  and  probability 
sustain  the  claims  of  Newgate.  Even  for  pre- 
Roman  days  no  writer  has  preferred  Fleet 
Street  as  a  highway.  So  Holborn  and  its 
approach  via  the  Greyfriars  and  Snow  Hill  is 
unchallenged,  and  the  suggestion  that  Lud- 
gate  was  the  "  Porta  Populi  "  is  not  sup- 
ported by  fact  or  reasonable  inference. 
Recent  excavations  have  led  to  some  in- 
teresting discoveries,  but  not  any  of  such 
remote  origin.  An  exceptionally  deep  and 
large  excavation  at  the  north-east  corner  of 
Ludgate  Circus  brought  to  light  the  usual 
refu3e  of  kitchen  middens,  &c.,  and  footings 
of  walls  pre -dating  the  great  improvement  in 
1868  which  Noble  ('Memorials  of  Temple 
Bar,'  p.  119)  deplores  was  so  long  completing. 
ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


JJotetf  on 

Maps,    Their   History,    Characteristics   and    Uses. 

By  Sir  Herbert  George  Fordham.     (Cambridge 

University  Press,  7s.  6dL  net.) 
PRIMARILY  designed  for  teachers,  this  little 
work  contains  a  good  deal  that  will  probably 
come  as  something  fresh  to  many  readers.  This 
is  especially  true  of  the  history  of  cartography. 
Ptolemy,  Ortelius  and  Mercator  are  familiar 
names  to  us  all,  but  the  school  of  French  carto- 
graphers of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries  and  their  English  contemporaries 
remain,  we  suspeot,  hardly  as  much  as  empty 
names  in  the  minds  of  many  well-informed 
persons.  Here  a  brief  acquaintance  with  them 
may  be  made,  just  sufficiently  detailed  and 
pointed  to  whet  the  appetite  for  more.  In 
dealing  with  the  most  primitive  type  of  map 
or  with  the  portolan  charts,  a  word  might  have 
been  said  of  the  extraordinary  coastal  charts 
made  by  the  Eskimo,  performances  which 
might  excuse  one  for  believing  in  the  existence 
of  a  geographical  sense. 

Mercator  drew  a  large  map  of  the  British  Isles 
about  1564,  which  is  at  Breslau  and  has  never 
been  engraved.  The  earliest  engraved  map  of 
England  and  Wales  is  that  published  in  1569 
by  Humphrey  Lhuyd  of  Denbighshire.  The 
next  decade  saw  accomplished  what  was,  for 


those  days,  a  great  piece  of  work — a  survey  of 
England  set  out  in  a  series  of  provincial  maps 
by  Christopher  Saxton.  This  collection — which 
our  author  estimates  would  now  be  worth  £100 — 
was  to  be  had  in  1736  for  15s. 

To  England  is  due  the  invention  of  road- 
maps,  which  were  a  development  from  road- 
books and  spread  to  the  Continent. 

The  inset  plan  of  a  town  seems  to  have  been  a 
French  device  adopted  as  early  as  the  end  of  the 
sixteenth  century. 

On  maps  from  the  artistic  point  of  view  Sir, 
Herbert  Fordham  gives  us  several  good  pages, 
though,  as  he  says,  the  subject  is  so  much  a 
visual  one  that  a  study  of  examples  is  the  only 
possible  method  of  getting  a  good  grasp  of  it. 
We  are  inclined  to  support  his  regret  that  no 
public  institution  has  as  yet  put  together  an 
illustrative  sequence  to  exhibit  the  rise  and 
progress  of  map-making.  The  eight  illustrations 
of  old  maps  given  here  are  well  chosen,  and  a 
careful  examination  of  them  would  certainly  add 
something  substantial  to  the  information  of  a 
beginner. 

Catalogue  of  the  Acropolis  Museum.     Vol.  II.     By 

Stanley  Casson. 

WE  are  told  in  the  Preface  that  this  volume  had 
been  completed  and  sent  to  the  press  on  July  27, 
1914.  The  events  of  that  fateful  week  made  its 
publication  impossible  until  now.  All  students 
of  Greek  archaeology  are  certain  to  give  it  a 
warm  welcome,  which  is  indeed  well  deserved. 

It  deals  first  with  the  sculpture  and  archi- 
tectural fragments  housed  in  the  Acropolis 
Museum,  and  then  with  the  Terra-cottas  to  be 
found  there,  this  latter  section  being  from  the 
pen  of  Mrs.  J.  R.  Brooke.  Each  section  is 
preceded  by  a  very  careful  and  scholarly  intro- 
duction. Mr.  Casson's  account  of  the  sculptures 
from  the  balustrade  of  the  Temple  of  Athene 
Nike  and  from  the  frieze  of  the  Erechtheium 
are  of  especial  importance  and  interest.  As  to 
the  subject  of  the  latter  he  agrees  with  the 
suggestion  of  Robert  and  Pallat,  that  the  frieze 
represented  a  cycle  of  myths,  so  various  that 
unity  of  subject  can  hardly  be  claimed  for  it. 

The  most  ancient  of  the  sculptures  is  the 
colossal  archaic  owl,  of  which  a  pleasing  photo- 
graph is  provided,  and  among  the  architectural 
fragments  are  three  or  four  Gorgon's  heads  which 
are  to  be  assigned  to  the  sixth  century.  From 
these,  examples  range  up  to  the  second  or  third 
century  A.D.  The  principal  treasures  among 
them  are  already  well  known  to  archaeologists. 
Each  is  here  fully  described,  with  good 
technical  notes  which  should  prove  of  great 
use  to  the  student  beginning  to  form  his  own 
judgment  as  to  what  is  good  and  what  inferior 
work.  Reference  is  made  to  the  number  of  the 
cast  (if  there  is  one)  in  the  British  Museum,  and 
also  to  mention  in  standard  works  and  learned 
periodicals. 

The  illustrations  claim  to  be  judged  merely  as 
"  sufficient  for  the  identification  of  objects  "  and 
not  as  "  descriptive  plates."  For  their  purpose, 
with  one  or  two  reservations,  they  may  be  ac- 
counted satisfactory.  We  should,  however,  have 
been  content  to  forgo  some  of  those  of  the  Par- 
thenon sculptures,  which  English  students  can 
easily  acquaint  themselves  with,  in  favour  of  a 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2fl.vntjran.ii,i««. 


greater   number   of   photographs   from   works    o 
which  the  British  Museum  has  not  a  cast. 

The  Catalogue  is,  of  course,  indispensable  fo 
any  library  used  by  students  of  Greek  archse 
ology. 

The  Historic  Names  of  the  Streets  and  Lanes  o 
Oxford,  Intra  Muros.  By  H.  E.  Salter 
(Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

THIS  delightful  and  erudite  booklet  should  fim 
a  place  on  the  shelves  of  all  lovers  of  Oxford 
•The  Poet  Laureate  furnishes  a  Preface  which  i: 
principally  devoted  to  persuading  all  whom  i 
may  concern  of  the  absurdity  of  certain  modern 
names  recently  bestowed  upon  old  streets,  anc 
the  desirability  of  restoring  one  or  other  of  thr 
former  names.  Certainly  "  St.  Catherine  Street ' 
for  "  Cat  Street "  is  a  foolish  misnomer,  there 
being  nothing  to  suggest  St.  Catherine  in  the 
locality ;  "  Great  Bailey,"  with  its  definite  his- 
torical suggestion,  suits  a  medieval  town  better 
than  the  neutral  and  merely  complimentary 
"  Queen  Street  "  ;  Bocardo  is  a  picturesque  name  it 
is  a  pity  to  have  lost ;  and  the  stupid  name  "  Church 
Street "  may  well  be  done  away  with.  The 
suggestion  to  replace  "  Street  "  by  the  original 
"  Lane  "  seems  to  us  less  sound.  The  persistence 
of  "  Lane  "  from  the  first  mention  of  the  Merton 
or  Blue  Boar  thoroughfare  till  the  present  day 
would  have  been  the  ideal — but  since  "  Street  " 
was  substituted  in  accordance  with  a  genuine 
custom,  to  go  back  to  "  Lane  "  seems  pedantic. 

These  matters  are,  however,  of  secondary  im- 
portance so  far  as  the  interest  of  Mr.  Salter's 
pamphlet  is  concerned.  From  the  Cartularies 
of  St.  Frideswide's  and  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  John, 
from  Wood  and  from  numerous  College  documents, 
Mr.  Salter  has  so  clearly  set  out  the  plan  of  Oxford 
within  the  walls,  and  indicated  the  divers  changes 
in  the  course  oi  centuries,  that  the  old  city  seems 
to  appear  to  one's  imagination  behind  what 
exists  to-day  much  as  the  faintly  shaded  churches 
and  colleges  do  in  the  map  which  illustrates  the 
text. 

The  names  of  streets  in  old  days  were  far  from 
constant,  and  even  in  the  case  of  a  fairly  im- 
portant one,  like  that  which  ran  round  the 
inside  of  the  north  wall  from  North  Gate  to  East 
Gate,  it  might,  in  medieval  times,  not  be  con- 
sidered intolerably  inconvenient  to  dispense 
with  a  recognized  name  altogether.  New  Inn 
Hall  Street  for  more  than  two  centuries — and, 
we  are  told,  within  the  memory  of  living  man — 
was  known  as  "  the  Seven  Deadly  Sins,"  a  cheer- 
ful appellation,  the  origin  of  which  has  not  been 
explained  with  any  certainty.  It  is  perhaps  sur- 
prising that  there  are  not  more  old  names  which 
embody  ancient  jests  on  or  allusions  to  the  studies 
of  the  University. 

A  Southern  Sketch-Book.  Through  Old  Sussex 
from  Lewes  to  Chichester.  By  A.  Leonard 
Summers.  (The  Homeland  Association,  12s.  6d. 
net.) 

THE  work  of  amateurs  has  a  distinct  function  in 
topography.  It  may  be  considered  as  part  of 
the  response  of  the  people  to  what  modern 
journalism  calls  the  "  lure  "  of  their  land  :  a 
response  more  articulate  than  mere  visiting  and 
admiring,  and  perhaps  more  apt  than  the  work 


of  scholars  and  artists  by  profession  to  start  a 
kindred  interest  in  minds  not  yet  satisfactorily 
aware  of  the  treasures  England  contains. 

On  this  ground  we  think  the  volume  before  us 
deserves  a  welcome.  Though  the  sketches  are 
very  uneven  in  merit  they  nearly  all  have  pre- 
served something  of  the  pleasure  which  went  to 
their  making ;  and  the  accompanying  text, 
though  it  is  of  the  slightest  and  passes  over 
much  that  one  would  expect  to  be  mentioned 
(e.a.,  the  font  at  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Brighton) 
yet  conveys  something  of  the  "feel"  of  that 
quarter  of  Sussex  with  which  it  deals. 

A  valuable  part  of  the  book  is  the  reproduction 
of  John  Speed's  map  of  the  county,  with  his 
description  and  list  of  parishes,  and  the  note  of 
Mr.  Prescott  Row  upon  these. 


WE  have  received  from  the  Library  Association, 
33,  Bloomsbury  Square,  W.C.I,  Class-Lists  G. 
and  H.  of  the  Subject  Index  to  Periodicals. 
These  are  the  Lists  for  Fine  Arts  (with  Archae- 
ology) and  Music  respectively  ;  and  they  cover 
the  three  years  1917-1919.  We  are  glad  to  learn 
that  this  year  the  annual  publication  of  this  most 
useful  compilation  will  be  resumed.  Class  G 
has  been  considerably  enlarged  by  the  inclusion 
in  it  of  Heraldry,  Genealogy  and  kindred  topics  ; 
and  here,  too,  will  be  found  notes  of  numerous 
articles  on  Topography  and  on  Modern  Archi- 
tecture, the  Housing  Problem  and  its  subordinate 
topics  filling  several  columns.  So  far  as  we 
have  tested  it,  the  list  is  excellent.  The  amount 
of  work  catalogued  both  in  the  Fine  Art  and 
;he  Music  List  during  years  of  so  much  disturbance 
is  impressive.  The  price  of  the  Music  List  is 
2s.  6d.  ;  that  of  the  Fine  Arts  List,  9s. 


J?ottces  to  Corregponfcente. 

ALL  communications  intended  for  insertion  in 
iur  columns  should  bear  the  name  and  address  of 
he  sender — not  necessarily  for  publication,  but  as 
.  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

EDITORIAL  communications  should  be  addressed 
>o  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  " — Adver- 
isements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
ishers" — at  the  Office,  Printing  House  Square, 
Condon,  E.G. 4;  corrected  proofs  to  The  Editor, 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  Printing  House  Square,  London,  E.C.4. 

WHEN  answering  a  query,  or  referring  to  an 
article  which  has  already  appeared,  correspondents 
are  requested  to  give  within  parentheses — 
mmediately  after  the  exact  heading — the  numbers 
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LONDON,  JUNE  18,  1921. 


CONTENTS. — No.    166. 

NOTES  .-—Sussex  and  Surrey  Dialect  Words  and  Phrases, 
481 — An  Original  Letter  by  Dr.  John  Sherwen,  483 — 
Glass-painters  of  York  :  Preston,  485 — "  Orgy  " — Sir 
John  Cope,  K.B. — Mistranslation  in  Dickens,  487 — 
"  Lightly  come,  lightly  go  " — Ironmonger's  Hall — For- 
gotten Periodicals,  488. 

QUERIES:— The  Earl  of  Anglesea's  MS.  History  of  the 
Troubles  in  Ireland,  488 — Heralds'  Visitations — Cockney 
Pronunciation — "  Mobs  Hole  " — Hair-brushes — Royal  Suc- 
cession by  Marriage  to  last  King's  Widow — Hicks's  MS. 
History  of  St.  Ives — Swindon  :  "  Damas  " — Peter  Beck- 
ford — Christopher  Milles — "  Single  Whiskey,"  489 — May 
Saying — Richard  Peachey  of  Mildenhall — John  Symons 
of  Exeter — Mary  Godwin — Pye  House — Essex  Cheese 
and  Banbury  Cheese — Hans  Andersen's  '  Improvisatore,' 
490— Cholerton— Plume  Mantlings  in  Heraldry— Authors 
of  Quotations  Wanted,  491. 

REPLIES  : — Domenick  Angelo's  Burial-place,  491 — Window 
Tax  and  Dairies,  492—"  Parliament  Clock,"  493—"  Mag- 
dalen "  or  "Mawdlen,"  494— The  Plague  Pits— "  Beads 
of  Castledowne  " — Handshaking — Banquo — Heraldry  :  St. 
Augustine's  Abbey,  495— Pushkin  and  Dante— Willow 
Pattern  China — Serjeants-at-Law — Church  Building  and 

-  Parliamentary  Commissioners,  496 — The  Smallest  Pig  of 
a  Litter — "  The  Poor  Cat  i'  th'  Adage — Pitt's  Peers — 
Viscount  Stafford  —  Clementina  Johannes  Sobiesky 
Douglass — "  Howler,"  497 — "  Honest  "  Epitaph — The 
Green  Man,  Ashbourne — G.  A.  Cooke  and  his  County 
Itineraries,  498— '  The  Fable  of  the  Bees '—Author 
Wanted,  499. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— « The  Book  of  Fees  commonly  called 
Testa  de  Nevill '— '  Bibliographies  of  Modern  Authors  '— 
'Worthing  with  its  Surroundings.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


SUSSEX    AND    SURREY    DIALECT 
WORDS  AND  PHRASES. 

THE  following  is  a  list  of  local  words  and 
phrases  noted  by  me  as  having  been  heard 
at  Ditchling  in  Sussex — where  I  was  born 
on  April  5,  1841 — and  at  Cranleigh  in 
Surrey.  So  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  they 
are  not  included  in  any  dialect  dictionary. 

The  letters  D.  and  C.  stand  for  Ditchling 
and  Cranleigh  respectively. 

This  list  was  submitted  to  Mr.  C.  T.  Onions, 
who  made  observations  which  are  recorded 
in  the  footnotes. 

Adder's  spear  :  a  dragon-fly.     D. 

Akyers  or  acres  :  acorns.     C. 

Alight  wid  un:  to  meet.  C. — "He's  took  his 
hoss  to  the  blacksmith's ;  if  you  jest  goo 
round  the  corner  you'll  alight  wid  un." 

All  to  once  :  fall  at  once.     C. 


Allowance  (generally  shortened  to  'lowance) :  food 

given  in  the  hay  or  harvest  field  ;  sometimes 

called  "  bait."    C.  and  D. 
Anty  hole  :  a  game  of  marbles. T  D. 
Ash :  An  old  Sussex  rhyme   on  the  ash  goes   as 

follows  : — 

Ash  green,  fit  for  the  Queen. 
Ash  sire,  make  a  good  fire. 
Ash  clung,  burns  like  dung.     D. 
Back  piece  :  a  waistcoat.     C. 
Bark-hatching :  to   scrape   off  the   rough   outside 

from  bark.     C. 

Bell :  the  heart,  liver,  &c.,  of  a  sheep  or  pig.     D. 
Bellwire  :  the  wild  clematis.      D. — "  As  tough  as 

bellwire  " — a  very  common  expression. 
Bergamy  pears  :  bergamot  pe^irs.     C. 
Big  as  a  barn  :  any   object  somewhat  larger  than 

usual.     C. 
Biscakes :  biscuits. 

Bidin'  about :  living  in  an  aimless  sort  of  way.    C. 
Bloods  :  bleeds.     C. 
Blue  bottle :  the  wild  hyacinth.   C. 
Bob  solly  :    in   a   shaky  and  tottering  condition. 

C. — "  That  old  shed  of  Smith's  is  all  on  the 

Bob  solly." 

Bowls  (pronounced  bowels) :  round  Dutch  cheese. 
Bright  as  bright :  very  bright.     C, 
Bullick:  bullock.     C. 
Bumbly  :  uneven.     C. 
Bungy :  Land  that  is  stiff,  heavy  and  difficult  to 

reduce  to  a  fineness  suitable  for  seed  sowing 

is  said  to  be  "  bungy."  C. — "  This  field  is  pretty 

stiff  and  bungy." 

By  gall :  expressing  surprise.  C. — "  Is  it,  by  gall !  " 
Country    Dick  :     a   home-made    cheese    of    poor 

quality.     D. 
Cacket  :  a   slight   troublesome  cough.     D. — "  He 

keeps  on  cacketing  all  night  and  I  can't  get 

any  sleep." 
Carkoom  :  the  black  sticky  substance  formed  by 

the  grease  applied  to  cart  or  wagon-wheels. 

D. 
Casilass :    careless,    uncertain,    perfunctory.    C. — 

"  He  did  it  in  a  very  casilass  sort  of  way,  as  if 

he  didn't  care  where  'twas  done  or  not." 
Castes  (two  syllables) :  casts. — "  There's  a  lot  of 

them  there  ammut  castes  all  over  that  there 

medder."     C. 
Catten  Hill  Fair  :  St.  Catherine's  Hill  Fair.     C. — 

Now  abolished. 
Cheese  bob*  :  a  wood-louse. 
Chip  chack  day  :  May  29.     C. 
Chippen :    "  Like  chippen  porridge,  neither  good 

it  or  harm." 

Chock  dogs :  small  cakes  of  poor  quality.     D. 
Chog  :  the  core  of  an  apple  or  pear.     D. 
Clothes  shores  :  clothes-props.     C. 
Corkn  :  made  of  cork.     C. 
Cramp  nut :  a  wart  or  excrescence  on  the  oak-tree. 

Supposed   to    be   a    sure  cure   for    cramp    if 

carried  in  the  pocket.     C. 
Craning :  plaiting  or  weaving. 
Crock  shades  :  broken  crockery.     D. 
Dandy  basket  :  a  wooden  basket ;  Sussex  trug.  C. 
Dell :  dull.  C. 

Dipping-hole :  a  shallow  well  or  spring.     C. 
Dogs  a  bit  :  "  You  don't  say  so."   D. 


*  "  Chissel-bob  "  is  the  form  in  Berks,  Bucks 
and  Hants. 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     ri2S.vm.juNB,  is, 


Doom  :  dome.     C. 

Draw  bread  and  drawey  bread  :  sticky  bread.   C. — 

"  Good  Friday's  bread  never  gets  drawey  nor 

yet  mouldry." 

Duberous  :  dubious.     C.  and  D. 
Earms:  arms.     C. 
East  and  eeast :  yeast.     C. 
Facty  :  decayed  or  over-ripe  cheese.     D. 
Farn :  fern.     C.  and  D. 

First  off  :  to  begin  with,  in  the  first  place.     C. 
Fit:  feet.     C. 

Flash :  a  swampy  bit  of  roadside  waste.     C. 
Flights :     the  top  part  of  a  house  just  under  the 

roof,  and  open  to  the  tiles.   D. 
Forelaid:  waylaid.     D. 
Forelong :  soon.     C. 
Four  corners*  :  a   game   played   at   one   time    in 

the    skittle-alley    of   a    public-house.      Most 

public-houses  in  Sussex  had  these.   D. 
Fuelling:  fuel.     C. 
Gahmy:  sticky.     C. 
Garry  wissome :  twisted.     D. 
Glad  as  a  little  adder :  happy,  light-hearted.    C. — 

A  Cranleigh  man  said  to  me  the  day  his  son 

was  married  he  expected  they  was  "  glad  as 

little  adders." 
Gluvyers:  glovers. 

Gritted  up  :  earthed  up — as  potatoes  or  celery.    D. 
Groshers:  grocers.     C. 
Gunch :  a  short  plump  pig.     D. 
Haant    me    to    death:    to    harass,    worry,    tor- 
ment.    D. 

Hadn't  need  :  no  occasion  to.     C. 
Half -boots:  a  working  man's    ordinary  everyday 

boots.    D. — "  Where's  my  ah-boots,  mistus  ?  " 
Hammicky:  demented.     D. — "  The  children  make 

such  a  noise  they  are  enough  to  drive  me 

hammicky." 
Handle.     To  exercise  power  over  any  particular 

object  or  thing  so  as  to  enable  one  to  obtain 

something  else  is  "  to  make  a  handle  of  it." 

Generally  used  in  an  unfavourable  sense. 
Hap:  perhaps.     C. 
Hatching  the  blackthorn:    C. — A   spell    of    cold 

weather   in   spring   is   said    to  be  "  hatching 

the  blackthorn." 
Hayroosh:    to    do   anything   in  a   great    hurry, 

without  much  consideration.     D. 
Healing:  roofing.     C. 
Hearshes :  stubble-fields.     C. 
Heeves:  hives.     C. 
Hekth:  height.     C. 
Helt:  held.     C. 
Hime :   hive.     C. 
Hod:  hidden.     C. 
Hod  it :  hide  it.     C. 
Hope  upf :     embarrassed.     C. 
House  beans  :  broad  beans.     D. 
How's  yourself  ?  :  How  are  you  ?     C. 
Hughly:  hugely.     D. 
Hungry  John  :  pig's  cheek. 
Ill  and  alive.     C. — "  He's  no  better,  just  ill  and 

alive." 

*  "  Four  corners  "  is  recorded  in  the  '  English 
Dialect  Dictionary '  only  from  Kent  and  the 
Isle  of  Wight. 

t  This  is  "  holp  up,"  i.e.,  helped  up.  They 
say  in  Birmingham,  "  He's  well  helped  up  now 
with  no  wife  and  all  them  kids." 


Itchell,  "  As  thick  as  itchell " :  very  close 
together. — "  I  warn't  sure  about  the  seed, 
so  I  sowed  plenty  of  it  and  it  came  up  as 
thick  as  itchell." 

Jenny  scut :  a  wren.     C.  and  D. 

Jerry*  :     a  beer-house.    C.  and  D. 

Lady's  smock :  a  wild  flower  (Cardamine  pra- 
tensis).  D. 

Lid:  lead.     C. 

Ligs :  legs.     D. 

Linded  :  lined.     C.  and  D. 

Lit:  "  He  lit  with  me,"  he  met  me.  D.— "  I  lit 
wid  un  at  the  post  office." 

Living  fruit :  apples  that  will  keep.     C. 

"  Long  and  ornery  like  a  workus  pudden."     C. 

Long  pod  :  the  long-tailed  tit.     C. 

Luddick:  a  blow.  D. — "I  give  him  such  a 
luddick." 

Make  it  out  ;  make  'em  out. — "  Grapes  don't 
fetch  much  te  year,  I  think  I  shall  make  'em 
out,"  i.e.,  make  wine  with  them.  Sometimes 
all  kinds  of  fruit  are  ground  up  together  in 
a  cyder  mill  and  the  resulting  liquor  is 
called  Samson,  it  being  very  strong  and 
heady. 

Milkmaids :  Cardamine  pratensis  (see  '  Lady's 
smock.').  C. 

Mired :  Stuck  in  the  mud.  C. — "  I  was  very  near 
mired." 

Mischiful :  mischievous.     D. 

Mistrust:  distrust. 

Mourning  :  moorhen.     C.  and  D. 

Muck- worm:  a  restless  child.  D. — "What  a 
little  muck- worm  he  is,  surely e."  (Wright 
and  Halliwell  give  "  grubber,"  "  miser," 
"  upstart  "  in  this  sense.) 

Muffle  tit :  the  long-tailed  tit. 

Mouldry :  mouldy.     C. 

Nare  a  one  :  not  one.     D. 

Natally :  naturally.  C. — "  I  am  natally  tired 
of  it." 

No  account:  of  no  use.  C.  and  D. — "  Oh,  he's 
an  idle  worthless  fellow  of  no  account." 

Nohow  at  all :  unwell,  poorly.     C. 

Not:  neat,  close,  firm.  C. — "It's  nice  and  not." 
(Wright  has  this  word  but  not  in  the  same 


Nub  :  knob.     C.  and  D. 

Oaad  a  massa  :  God    'a    mercy.     D. —  "  Oaad  a 

massa,  Lucy,  I  can't  think  what  you  will  do 

wid  all  dem  gurt  boys." 
Out  o'  conceit  of  :  lost  confidence  in.     C. 
Paradiddles  :  button  moulds,  a  toy.     C.  and  D. 
Parl :  the  rind  of  cheese.     C. 
Pea  boughs  :  pea  sticks. 
Peel:  a   flat   wedge-shaped  piece    of   wood  on  a 

long  handle,  used  for  taking  bread  out  of  an 

oven  when  done. 
Pelt :  an  iron  shoe-tip. 
Pig   indoors.     D.     The    great  aim  of    a    Sussex 

labourer   is,    or  used  to  be,  to    get   a    "  pig 

indoors  "  for  the  winter's  food. 
Pincher  bob  :  stag  beetle.     C. 
Plat :  a  plot  of  grass.     D. 
Plod:  plaid.     C. 
Plump  up :    to  swell    in    boiling,    as    a    piece  of 

pork  or  bacon.     C:  and  D. — (Halliwell  gives 

this  in  several  meanings,  but  not  in  this  one.) 
Pomp  :  pump.     C. 


Onlv  from  northern  districts  in  '  E.D.D.' 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  is,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


Poor  plight  :  unwell.     C. 
Posies  :  posts.     C. 

Pug  mill  :  a  mill  for  grinding  clay.     C.  and  D. 
Bide  :  a  way  cut  through  a  wood.     C. 
Rinding  :  stripping  the  bark  from  trees.     C. 
Binding  :  a  bird.     C. 

Bist :  to    put    sticks  to  beans  or  peas.     C. 
Bists  :  the  sticks.     C. 

Bobins  and  wrens.    D.  A  Sussex  rhyme  has  it  that, 
Bobins  and  wrens 
Are  God's  best  friends. 
Martins  and  swallows 
Are  God's  best  scholars. 

Bods  :  the  shafts  of  any  vehicle.     C.  and  D. 
Boopy  :  angry.     C.  and  D. 
Scheel :  to  shell  peas.     C.  and  D. 
Scotch  fiddle  :  the  itch. 
Scruttie:    a    small  particle   or  atom.      D. — "  He 

didn't  leave   a   scruttie   in   the  box." 
Shackle    about :    to  stand    about   without  doing 

any  useful  work.     D. 
Shatter  :  corn  when  over-ripe  often  falls  out  of  the 

ears  and  is  said  to  shatter.     D.    . 
Shet  :  a  gang  of  workmen.     D. 
Shoot  rushes  through.      C. — "  This  stuff  is  so  thin 

you  could  almost  shoot  rushes  through  it." 
Shut  to  :    to  harness    horses    to  a    cart  or  other 

vehicle.     C.  and  D. 

Sibbity  powder  :  precipitate  powder.     D. 
Sire  :    wood  partly  dry.     D. — (Halliwell  has  this 

word  but  with  a  different  meaning.) 
Sittivation  :  situation.     C. 
Skindle  and  skindling :  to  reset  newly  made  bricks 

to  facilitate  drying.     C.  and  D. 
Slice  :  a  flat  iron  plate  with  a  long  handle  used 

for  placing  dough  loaves  into  a  hot  oven — 

usually  called   "  setting  in  "  the  bread. 
Slipe :    a    part    of    the    South    Downs    opposite 

to  the  village  of  Keymer    is  called  Keymer 

Slipe.     D. 
Slocket.     D. — "  My   boots   are    so  big  that  they 

slocket  as  I  walk." 
Slug  :  a  shelless  snail.    C.  and  D. 
Smoory :    a    smooth    appearance    of   the    clouds 

portending  rain.     D. 
Snuff-box  :  a  puff-ball,  fungus.     D. 
Sobbin  wet :  soaked  with  wet.     C.  and  D. 
Sockses  :  socks.     C. 
Soop  :  sup.     G. 

Spaddly  :  loppy  or  muddy.     C. 
Spind  ly  :  said  of  corn  or  other  growing  crops  when 

not  doing  well  or  looking  weak.     D. 
Spray   faggots:    those    made   from   the  tops    of 

underwood.     C.  and  D. 
Sreech  :  the  missel-thrush. 
Sroby  :  faded  apparel.    C.  and  D. 
Stick  faggots  :    faggots  made  all  of  stout  straight 

sticks.     D. 

Stivekit*  :  certificate.     D. 
Stollege  :  Staid er.     C.  and  D.* 
.Stood  like  a  stuck  pig  :    D.— "  When   I  told  him 

what  had  happened    he   stood    like  a  stuck 

pig." 

Strangely  :  very  much.     D. 
Swarm :  to  walk  about  indoors  in  an  aimless  sort 

of  way.     D. — "  I  wish  you  would  set  yourself 

down    somewhere    and    not   keep    swarming 

about  the  house  so." 


"  Stiffcat "  used  to  be  current  among  school- 
"boys  in  Birmingham. 


Teel  over  :  turn  over.     D. 

Theers:  these.     C. 

Tippy :  a  game  of  marbles.     D. 

Titsey :  the  plant  tutsun.     C. 

Top  of  one's  thumb :    "As  big  as  the  top  o'  mv 

thumb."     C. 

Totter  grass  :  quaking  grass.     C. 
"  Tough  as  a  wire  pudding."     C. 
Tub:  cask.     C. 
Unkind  :    cold  inclement  weather  uncongenial  for 

the  time  of  year.     Said  generally  of  a  back- 
ward spring.     C. 
Unregular :  irregular.     C. 
Upland  :  the  grass  from  seed  sown  annually,  not 

meadow  grass.     Sometimes  called    "  bents." 

C. 
Uppards*  :    any  part  of  England  north  of  Surrey 

or  Sussex.     Sometimes  used  instead  of  "  the 

shires."     C.  and  D. — "  She's  gone  somewhere 

uppards  to  live." 
Uppd     and     told     himt :     "He     stood     it     as 

long    as  he  could,  then    he    uppd    and   told 

him  what  he  thought  about  him." 
Vally  :  value.     D. — "  What  do  you  vally  it  at  ?  " 
Waant:  "  I  waant  ye,"  I'll  warrant  you.     C. 
Wag :    move. — "  We   can't  wag  a   peg   without 

getting  mired." 
Wake  :  weak.     C. 

Wheel-rocket :  a  Catherine  wheel.     D. 
Whiting  :  a  small  silvery-looking  insect.     D. 
Whop  :  to  beat.     D. 
Widgetts :  gnats.     C. — "  We  shall  have  thunder 

before  long,  the  widgetts  do  bite  so." 
Winegar  :  vinegar.     C. 

Wobble  road :  a  road  through  a  wood.     D. 
Woodyer :  widower.     C. 
Wor  out ! :  look  out,  beware  !     D. 
Wuts  :  oats.     D. — "  Fleas  always  bite  sharpest  at 

wut  sowing,  wut  blowing  and  wut  mowing. 

STEPHEN  ROWLAND. 


AN  ORIGINAL  LETTER  BY  DR.  JOHN 
SHERWEN. 

THE  following  copy  of  a  letter  by  John 
Sherwen,  physician  and  archaeologist,  for 
whom  see  the  '  D.N.B.,'  written  to  my 
great-grandfather,  Henry  Shorting,  M.D., 
may  prove  to  be  of  some  little  general 
interest  to  readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  : — 

Enfield,  July  3,  1801. 
Dear  Sir, 

As  an  object  of  Curiosity  I  write  my  Letter 
on  Straw  paper  partly  with  a  view  •  to  shew 
the  Improvement  which  has  been  made  in  the 
Manufacture  of  it,  and  partly  to  give  myself  an 
Opportunity  of  correcting  an  erroneous  statement 
of  the  patentee's  mode  of  paying  off  his  old  Debts 
contracted  in  a  former  unsuccessful  Speculation. 
He  is  note  paying  those  Debts  off  by  Instalments 


*  '  E.D.D.'  explains  as  =  "  Between  here  and 
London." 

t  '  E.D.D.'  quotes  from  Biokley,  '  Surrey 
Hills  ' — "  Well,  I  ups  and  ax's  'ee." 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     nts.viii.ivx*  is.  im. 


but  it  is  not  absolutely  certain  that  he  would  hav. 
done  so  had  his  Certificate  as  a  Bankrupt  been 
signed.  Many  believe  that  he  would.  I  beg 
pardon  for  troubling  you  with  this  detail,  bul 
as  I  had  stated  the  Transaction  in  such  very 
flaming  colours  in  his  Favor,  justice  demanded 
some  notice  of  the  truer  nature  of  the  case. 

And  now  for  the  Letter  which  I  ought  long  since 
to  have  written  and  which  I  am  afraid  you  wil 
charge  me  with  the  Sin  of  Ingratitude  for  thus 
long  delaying.  If  I  cannot  say  with  Horace 
"  Opus  aggredior  opimum  Cassibus  "  I  can  with 
great  Truth  observe  that  our  Journey  to  this 
place  has  been  rich  in  grand  and  beautiful  Pros- 
pects :  from  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  to  the 
County  of  Middlesex  there  is  everywhere  the 
most  pleasing  Appearance  of  a  plenty! ul  Harvest. 
— You  must  see  Loch  Lomond  on  your  way  to 
Glasgow,  and  if  you  should  travel  (three)  in  a 
post-Chaise,  dismiss  the  Vehicle  as  soon  as  you 
arrive  at  the  Lake.  You  may  procure  a  Boat 
and  sail  or  row  from  one  End  to  the  other,  and 
take  your  pleasure  from  Island  to  Island  as  long 
as  you  please  at  a  moderate  Expense.  A  Journey 
of  six  Miles  on  Foot  from  the  side  of  the  Lake 
opposite  to  Ruesden  [sic]  will  bring  you  to  Loch 
Long  another  beautiful  Lake  ;  and  from  thence 
it  can  be  no  difficult  matter  to  procure  another 
Boat  to  Greenock  or  Port  Glasgow.  From  want 
of  this  previous  Information,  and  more  especially 
from  not  knowing  that  post-Chaises  were  not  to 
be  procured  beyond  Stirling  I  was  thrown  into 
some  expensive  Difficulties.  Imagining  that  my 
Distance  from  Stirling  to  Glasgow  would  be  short, 
I  incautiously  engaged  to  feed  the  Horses  and 
the  Driver,  and  to  pay  Is.  3d.  per  mile.  De- 
lighted with  the  magnificent  Scenery  I  enlarged 
my  Route,  crossed  over  the  Lake  with  the  Horses 
and  Chaise,  making  it  upon  the  whole  78  Miles. 
Our  postilion  was  a  Negro,  the  best  and  the  civile  sb 
Driver  that  ever  felicity  Hunters  were  blessed 
with  ;  but  the  Rogue  fleeced  me  at  every  Stage 
in  the  most  'unmerciful  and  abominable  manner. 
He  did  it  however  always  with  so  much  native 
good  humour,  and  drove  us  so  safe  and  so  well 
that  it  was  impossible  to  be  angry  at  anything 
but  the  folly  of  the  Bargain  ;  and  as  that  was 
entirely  an  Affair  of  my  own  in  which  Mrs  S.  had 
no  share  whatever,  who  could  I  possibly  quarrel 
with  but  myself  ?  So  I  made  up  the  Matter  as  well 
as  I  could  in  my  own  Mind  and  determined  to 
enjoy  the  charming  Scenes  and  to  harmonise  with 
the  serenity  of  the  Weather,  and  everything  that 
was  pleasing  and  delightful  around  me.  I  shall 
make  no  Attempt  at  Description,  but  merely 
inform  you  that  you  must  not  presume  to  see  Mrs 
S.  when  you  come  to  London  if  you  neglect  to 
take  a  view  of  Loch  Lomond. 

The  Weather  continued  warm  and  genial  until 
we  got  to  Moffat  where  a  Fire  and  a  great  Coat 
became  acceptable.  This  kind  of  weather  con- 
tinued with  the  Interval  of  now  and  then  a  hot 
Day  till  we  arrived  at  Enfield  a  fortnight  since  on 
a  bitter  cold  Night,  from  hence  I  suppose  that  the 
predicted  (spring)  winter  would  visit  you  even 
after  our  Departure  from  Edinburgh.  If  I  had 
not  seen  it  I  could  not  have  easily  believed  that 
Scotland  could  boast  of  Rye  Grass  and  Clover, 
Peas,  Wheat,  Oats,  Barley  and  other  Crops  equal 
to  any  I  have  ever  seen  in  the  County  of 


and  in  general  nearly  as  forward.  You  will  see 
Thousands  and  Thousands  of  Acres  planted  with 
Firs  and  other  Trees  but  they  do  not  in  general 
appear  likely  ever  to  acquire  any  considerable  size. 
Can  you  give  a  physical  Reason  why  the  Trees 
are  short  and  stunted  and  the  people  large  and 
tall  ?  The  difference  in  both  Respects  will  strike 
you  before  you  advance  ten  Miles  into  England,  the 
People  diminish  visibly  in  size  and  the  Trees  in- 
crease in  a  proportion  that  must  astonish.  You 
will  find  this  observation  respecting  the  Trees  par- 
ticularly exemplified  at  Corby,  a  most  delightful 
place  four  or  five  miles  from  Carlisle  on  the  Banks 
of  the  River  Eden.  Apropos  :  when  you  come  to 
Carlisle  will  you  do  me  a  favour — call  upon 
Doctor  Harrington  introduce  yourself  as  a  Friend 
of  mine — that  knowing  the  high  opinion  which  I 
have  always  entertained  of  his  chemical  Publica- 
tions and  the  Friendship  which  you  imagine  must 
subsist  betwixt  us,  you  have  taken  the  Liberty 
to  request  he  will  accompany  you  te  Corby  (I 
should  like  to  know  how  he  will  look  and  what  he 
will  say) — you  must  know  that  he  once  offended 
me  much  respecting  some  trifling  publications  both 
of  my  own  and  his  :  he  accused  me  in  a  letter 
of  withholding  his  Remarks  on  the  Scurvy 
from  the  Press  in  order  to  give  priority  of  publica- 
tion to  my  own,  I  considered  this  as  so 
serious  an  Offence  that  on  my  Journey 
through  Carlisle  when  hejsent  to  desire  I  would 
call  upon  him  I  asked  to  be  excused,  and  sent 
the  following  Note  "  Dr  H.  your  last  Letter  to 
me  was  so  unjust  in  its  Accusations,  and  so 
ungrateful  in  its  Nature  as  to  afford  suficient 
Excuse  for  my  declining  an  Interview  with 
you,  I  wish  you  well  J.  S."  I  have  reflected  on 
the  Note  since,  which  was  written^in  a  Moment 
of  ill  Humour,  and  as  I  set  out  immediately  for 
Corby  where  I  was  going,  on  my  way  to  Penrith, 
there  was  not  time  to  cool.  I  think  he  must  be 
conscious  that  Resentment  was  due  to  him"; 
but  I  also  am  conscious  that  I  carried  my 
Resentment  too  far,  and  I  am  sorry  for  it. — but 
to  return  from  this  Digression  to  the  little  Trees 
and  the  tall  Men  you  know  I  have  long  made 
up  my  mind  as  to  the  larger  growth  of  the 
human  Species  in  Scotland.  I  conceive  that 
when  ever  they  suffer  Doctor  Johnson's  foolish 
Definition  of  Oats  (for  which  a  Schoolboy  of 
fifteen  ought  to  have  been  whipp'd)  to  ridicule 
them  out  of  ye  Custom  of  feeding  their  Infants 
on  Milk  and  Oatmeal  Porridge,  i.e.,  hasty 
pudding  made  of  Oatmeal  they  will  gradually 
dwindle  down  to  the  size  of  Cockneys.  ' 

The  Minster  at]  York  repayed  us  well  for  the 
Trouble  of  deviating  from  the  high  Road,  and 
the  Races  wch  we  fell  in  with  by  Accident  amused 
me  much.  I  scarcely  need  say  that  the  hos- 
pitable Roof  of  my  old  Friend,  Swan,  at  Ollerton,. 
the  best  tempered  Fellow  in  the  World,  afforded 
us  high  gratification,  a  little  clouded  however 
by  the  unpleasing  Reflection  that  an  only 
Son  on  whom  he  has  bestowed  a  very  liberal 
and  expensive  Education  repays  him  with 
Ingratitude  ;  but  he  bears  it  like  a  Man  and  a 
philosopher.  As  you  have  seen  Kings  Chapel 
and  College,  Cambridge,  I  need  only  tell  you 
bhat  I  saw  it  in  company  with  your  Friend  Mr 
Gymingham  from  whom  we  received  the  most 
polite  and  friendly  Attention.  It  would  give  me 
great  pleasure  if  upon  any  occasion  I  may  have  it 


12  s.  vm.  JUNE  is,  1921,1     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


in  my  Power  to  shew  him  how  sensible  I  was 
of  his  Attentions  and  how  much  gratified  by  his 
Conversation. 

My  reception  here  has  been  very  nattering 
but  I  find  myself  almost  completely  de  doctored 
I  cannot  prevail  on  them  to  forget  Mf  Sherwen, 
I  hope  you  may  succeed  in  this  respect.  They 
treat  me  however  as  a  physician  for  I  have 
already  had  Consultations  and  proper  Fees  with 
three  out  of  four  of  the  Medical  Men  in  the  place 
and  the  Cases  have  proved  successful  and  credit- 
able. Mr  Strachan  has  been  my  precursor  :  he 
returned  a  fortnight  before  me  with  a  healthy 
Countenance,  a  firm  step  and  the  slightest 
possible  Cough.  Were  I  to  remain  here  I  should 
be  under  the  necessity  of  once  more  launching 
my  Carriage.  I  mean  however  to  set  out  imme- 
diately for  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  Bath,  and 
shall  certainly  adhere  to  my  Intentions  of  living 
at  large  till  next  Spring.  In  the  depth  of  the 
Winter  you  will  probably  find  us  in  London, 
and  Mr  Crawley,  Spittle  Square,  will  be  able 
to  tell  you  where. 

I  hope  by  this  Time,  you  have  recovered  your 
spirits.  Mrs  Sherwen  desires  me  to  present 
her  best  Compts  to  you  and  has  also  suggested 
the  propriety  of  my  adding  a  Reason  why  I 
particularly  feel  that  I  carried  my  Resentment 
to  H  .  .  .  ,  too  far.  I  was  not  informed  till  I 
was  on  the  point  of  leaving  Corby  that  there 
hcve  been  symptoms  of  mental  derangement 
in  his  Family.  If  you  should  receive  this  Letter 
enclosed  in  a  parcel  by  sea,  there  will  be  one 
Copy  of  my  Treatise  on  the  Scurvy  for  yourself, 
one  for  Mr  Jones,  Doctor  Duncan,  Mr  Middleton, 
Mr  Beech,  and  one  for  the  Medical  Society — 
to  Doctor  Duncan  also  I  shall  send  the  Manu- 
script on  the  bilious  Diseases  of  Bengal,  but  if 
you  receive  this  by  the  post  you  are  to  conclude 
that  the  Confusion  necessarily  attending  the 
movement  of  furniture  and  the  complete  Dis- 
order of  my  Library  has  prevented  me  from 
fulfilling  my  Intentions. 

I  am  Dear  Sir  yours  very  sincerely 

JNO  SHERWEN. 

I  believe  I  promised  you  a  Quotation  for  your 
Ophthalmic  Thesis.  I  have  not  had  a  moments 
Time  to  look  into  a  classical  Book  but  if  you 
have  any  Remedy  to  propose  uncommonly 
efficacious  acting  cito  tuto  et  jucunde  look  into 
Horace's  Iter  ad  Brundusium  there  you  will 
find  postea  Lux  oritur  .  .  .  something  or  other 
— this  will  do  if  not  too  empirical  and  boasting. 
In  the  same  pleasant  poem  I  remember  he  speaks 
of  anointing  his  Eyes  with  black  Ointment — 
and  was  not  this  the  Unguentum  Tutia — A 
reference  to  Celsus  will  inform  if  ye  Tuty  was  in 
use  for  that  purpose  in  hfs  Days.  I  strongly 
suspect  it  was  and  if  so  it  will  give  you  a  good 
classical  anecdote  to  embellish  your  Thesis. 
Remember  I  expect  something  essentially  useful 
from  an  old  practitioner. 

[Endorsed]     Henry  Shorting  Esq 

No  15  Banks  Lodgings 

College  Street,  Edinburgh. 
EBNEST  H.  H.  SHORTING. 
Broseley,  Shropshire. 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 

(See  ante,  pp.  127,  323,  364,  406,  442.) 

VI. — THE   PRESTON   FAMILY. 

JOHN    DE    PRESTON.     Although    his    name 
does  not  appear  in  the  Roll  of  Freemen  of 
York,  nor  does  he  mention  any  occupation 
in  his  will,  it  is  presumed  he  was  a  pre- 
decessor of  Will  de  Preston,  ouerour,  free 
1351  ;  John  de  Preston,  glasenwreght,  free 
1361  ;    and    Robert    Preston,    glasier,    free 
1465,    died    1503.     Wife,    Joan ;    daughter, 
Agnes.     Although    he    is    described    as  "of 
York  "  and  he  bequeathed  a  sum  of  money 
for    the    poor    of    St.    Leonard's    Hospital 
there,  he  evidently  possessed  a  farm  at  New- 
ton near  Patrick  Brompton,  for  he  bequeathed 
all  his  "  goods  movable  and  immovable  in 
the  village  of  Newton  near  Patrick  Brompton 
!  to  Joan  my  wife  and  Agnes  my  daughter." 
He  made  his  will   (Reg.   Test.   D.   and    C. 
i  Ebor.   1,    21)  "on  Tuesday  next  before  the 
|  Feast  of  St.  Margaret  the  Virgin,"  desiring 
S  to  be  buried  in  St.  Michael-le-Belfrey  church- 
jyard.     Will  proved  July  29,  1337.     Execu- 
!  tors,    his  wife    and    two    more,  not    glass- 
!  painters. 

Will  de  Preston,  ouerour.  Free,  1351. 
Probably  a  nephew  of  the  above  John  de 
Preston. 

John  de  Preston,  glasenwreght.*  Free 
1361.  Probably  brother  of  the  above  Will 
de  Preston.  In  1378  he  was  a  member  of 
the  "  twenty-four,"  i.e.,  a  councillor  of  the 
city,  and  was  present  at  a  meeting  to  decide 
about  the  upkeep  of  two  of  the  city's  ships, 
the  Peter  and  the  Marie  ('  York  Memo.  Book,' 
ed.  by  Dr.  Maud  Sellars,  Surtees  Soc.  vol.  i., 
p.  32). 

A  John  Preston,  probably  his  son,  was 
Chamberlain  in  1444  (Skaife  MS.  in  York 
Public  Library). 

Robertus     Preston,     glasier.      The     most 


*  In  the  York  Freemen's  Roll  (Surtees  Soc.) 
glass-painters  are  termed  "  verrours  "  from  1313 

j  until  1360,  "  glasen wrights  "  from  1361  to  1385, 
and  from  1391  onwards  "  glasyers."  The  earliest 
instance  of  the  use  of  the  term  "  glass-painter  '* 
which  the  writer  has  come  across  occurs  in  the  list 
of  aliens  in  London  in  1616  (S.P.O.,  Domestic, 
1616,  vol.  xcviii.).  The  only  example  in  the 

i  York  Roll  is  1762 — "  William  Peckitt  glass-painter 

i  and  stainer  by  order,  gratis."  The  '  N.E.D.'  does 
not  give  an  example  of  "  glasyer  "  as  a  synonym 

,  for  "glass -painter,"  and  the  earliest  example  of 
its  use  as  applied  to  "  one  whose  trade  it  is  to 
glaze  windows  "  is  in  1408,  whilst  the  earliest 
example  of  the  term  "  glass-painter  "  is  dated 
1762. 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.juNEi8,i92i. 


famous    member    of    this   family    of    glass-  i      Robert    Preston    does    not    mention    his 


painters.  Free  1465.  He  evidently  learnt  his 
business  with  William  Inglish  (free  1450  ; 
died  1480),  who  had  been  a  pupil  of  John 
Chamber  the  younger  (free  1414 ;  died 


wife  in  his  will,  nor  leave  a  bequest  for 
Masses  for  her  soul  if  she  were  dead,  though 
he  speaks  of  his  daughter  Janet,  who  had 
evidently  been  named  after  the  first  wife  of 


1450),  as  in  his  will  he  leaves  a  sum  of  money  j  his  former  master.  He  was  probably  a 
for  Masses  for  the  souls  "  of  William  Yng- !  son-in-law  of  William  Winter,  a  founder 
lyshe  and  Jenett  his  [first]  wife  "  ;  and  also  by  trade  who  was  buried  in  St.  Helen's 
to  "  Sir  John  Ynglyshe,  chanon  in  Bridling-  Church  in  Stonegate,  where  both  he  and 
ton,"  a  son  of  William  Inglish,  "  one  par  |  Robert  Preston  evidently  lived,  a  street 
baydes  of  castledowne,*  the  nowmbre  of  I  which  was  inhabited  largely  by  founders 
x  w*  one  lase  of  grene  sylke,  and  one  :signet ,  and  glass-painters.  Preston  was  possibly 
of  Synt  Martene  gyltyd  f  and  v«."  William  |  a  brother-in-law  of  Sir  John  Petty  the  glass- 
Inglish  at  his  death  in  1480  had  bequeathed  i  painter  (free  1470  ;  died  1508).  Both 
to  Robert  Preston  ".  i  wyspe  of  ruby  glass  "  j  Robert  Preston  and  Sir  John  Petty  held 
and  a  sum  of  money,  besides  making  him  j  William  Winter  in  high  esteem.  The  former 
joint  executor  with  his  (Inglish's)  second  j  at  his  death  in  1503  left  money  for  Masses 
wife  Margaret.  William  Inglish's  son  Thomas  j  for  "  all  the  saules  that  I  had  any  good  of, 
.was  free  of  the  city  "the  same  year  his  father  j  w*  the  saule  of  William  Wynter  "  ;  whilst 
died,  leaving  him  "  ten  wyspes  of  white  glass  j  Sir  John  Petty  five  years  later  directed  in 
with  all  the  appliances  and  pictures  [i.e.,  car-  j  his  will,  "  it  is  my  last  will  a  prest  shall 
toons  and  designs]  belonging  to  my  work,"  j  syng  at  Sanct  Elyn  Kyrk  in  Stanegate 
so  that  he  would  be  just  of  age.  Twenty- !  a  yere  at  the  Lady  awter  whar  he  lyes 
three  years  later  Preston  at  his  death  be-  for  Mr.  Wynder  saull  and  his  son  in  lay, 
queathed  to  Thomas  Inglish  "  all  my  j  iiij1*  xiijs  iiija."  There  can  he  little  doubt 
scrowles,  w*  one  warkbord,  the  best  except  that  the  son-in-law  referred  to  was  Robert 
one,  one  pare  of  the  best  moldes,  with  one  Preston.  Preston  evidently  was  well-to  - 
of  the  best  sowderyng  yrnes,  and  iij  grosyng  do  and  enjoyed  a  wide  reputation  as  a 
yrnes,  w*>  on  par  clampes  and  one  payr  I  glass-painter.  To  "  Saynt  Mary  abbey,  called 
scherys,"  also  "  ij  sheff  of  blew  glasse,  one  Wedrall,  besyd  Carry  11,"  which  had  evi- 
sheff  of  red,  w*  v  sheff  of  white  glasse.  "$  |  dently  proved  a  good  patron,  he  bequeathed 
It  is  therefore  more  than  likely  that  "  as  good  a  vestment  as  cane  be  boght 
during  the  intervening  period  the  two  had  for  xC'  He  also  supplied  figures  ready 
been,  if  not  exactly  in  partnership  in  the  i  painted,  which  could  be  surrounded  with  a 


modern  sense  of  the  term,  at  least  working 
in  close  connexion  with  one  another  in 
.carrying  on  the  business  in  which  we  may 
assume  they  had  both  served  their  time. 


*  Casteldowne= chalcedony,  a  semi-transparent 
stone,  probably  agate  or  onyx.  Vide  ante,  p.  453. 

t  A  "  signet  of  Synt  Martene  gyltyd  "  was 
evidently  a  seal  or  signet-ring  made  of  base  metal 
covered  with  gold.  The  term  "  St.  Martins  " 
was  applied  to  sham  jewellery  made  of  the  medise- 
val  equivalent  of  pinchbeck  from  the  fact  that 
the  sanctuary  of  St.  Martins-le-Grand,  London, 
T*as  a  noted  resort  for  the  makers  of  imitation 
gold  and  silver  articles  of  finery.  The  place 
became  so  notorious  that  forty-five  years  before 
the  date  of  the  above  bequest  an  ordinance  of 
the  Star  Chamber  dated  36  Hen.  VI.,  decreed 
that  "  no  workers  of  counterfeit  cheynes,  beades, 
broaches,  owches  [jewels  worn  on  the  front  of 
hats],  rings,  cups,  and  spoons  silvered  should  be 
suffered  therein  "  (F.  Cohen  in  Archceol.  xvii. 
55).  Thus  Butler  in  his  '  Hudibras  ' — Lady's 
Answ.  59 — has  "  Those  false  St.  Martin's  beads." 

J  It  will  be  no  doubt  noticed  that  the  above 
bequest  of  glass  was  made  in  the  exact  propor- 
tions in  which  each  particular  colour  was  employed 
in  windows  at  that  period. 


border  and  a  background  of  quarries  bought 
ready  cut  by  a  local  glazier  or  monastic  odd- 
jobber,  and  so  form  a  cheap  and  filling 
"  design."  * 

A  Robert  Preston,  who  was  no  doubt 
identical  with  Robert  Preston  the  glass- 
painter,  was  chamberlain  of  the  city  in 
1496  (Skaife  MS.  in  York  Public  Library), 
and  although  his  name  does  not  appear 
in  the  Roll  of  the  Corpus  Christi  Guild, 
one  of  the  most  exclusive  guilds  in 
York,  he  was  evidently  a  member,  as  he 
bequeathed  them  fourpence  and  the  same 
sum  to  "  the  mayster,"  and  each  of  the 
"  kepers  of  Corpus  Christi  gyld  beyng 
at  my  Derige  and  Messe."  "  To  Robert 
Begge,"  whom  he  calls  "  my  prentese,  all 
my  bookesf  that  is  fitte  for  one  prentesse 


*  '  Durham  Account  Rolls,'  ed.  by  Rev.  Canon 
Fowler,  Surtees  Soc.,  p.  416.  For  what  is  pro- 
bably another  example  of  the  same  practice, 
see  opus  tit.,  p.  650. 

t  The  above  would  probably  include  MSS. 
consisting  of  recipes  relating  to  the  craft,  sketch- 


12  s.  vm.  JUNE  is,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


of  his  craffte  to  lerne  by  ;    and  sauderynge ; 
yrnes,  a  par  moldes  [for  casting  lead  calmes],  j 
one    payr    clampis    [for    holding    the    two  j 
sides  of  the  mould,  which  was  hinged  and  j 
opened  like  a  book,    together]    and  di  my 
gosers  [grozing  irons  for  chipping  the  glass 
to  shape]  lesse  and  more,  one  par  scherys, 
wt   xx   glorynge   nayles    [glazing   nails,  but 
frequently  called  closing  nails  in  old  accounts, 
employed  to  hold  the  strips  of  lead  e  gainst 
the  glass  whilst  other  pieces  of  glass  were 
being   fitted].     The   residew    of   my    tooles 
to  be  devydytt  evynly  betwyx   my    pren- 
tesses." 

Robert   Begge   was   free   of   the   city    in 
1504,  the  year  after  Robert  Preston's  death, 
so  that  he  would  be  twenty  years  of  age 
on  the  death  of  his  master,  and  as  he  was 
evidently  his  favourite  apprentice  we  may 
assume     he     succeeded     to     the     business,  j 
Robert  Begge  was  in  turn  succeeded  by  his  | 
son    William    Begge    (free    1529),  so    that 
there  is  an  unbroken  succession  in  design 
and   practice,    and   most    probably    of   the 
uninterrupted  continuance  of  one    business 
from  the  time  of  John  Chamber  the  elder 
(free    1400)    until    a    hundred    and    thirty  j 
years   afterwards.     Additional   evidence   in 
confirmation  of  this  view  is  provided  by  the 
fact  that  the  figure  of  St.  Christopher  and  | 
the  Child  Christ  in  the  east  window  of  All  j 
Saints'  Church,  North  Street,   and  the  same 
subject    in   the   north-east    window    of    St. 
Michael-le-Belfrey      Church,       York,      are  | 
facsimiles    of    each    other.     The    former    is 
believed  to   be  a  work   of  John   Chamber  j 
the  younger,    and    to    have    been    painted  I 
about  the  year  1448  ;  the  latter  dates  about 
ninety  years    later,  when    the    church  was 
rebuilt,  and  is  probably  a  work   of  Robert 
Begge  or  his  son  William,  so  that  the  cartoon 
from  which  these  two  subjects  were  painted 
must    have     been     handed    down    and    in 
continuous  use  for  nearly  a  hundred  years. 

Robert  Preston  made  his  will  (Reg.  Test, 
vi.  7 la,  printed  in  *  Test.  Ebor.,'  Surtees 
Soc.,  vol.  iv.,  p.  216)  on  July  24,  1503. 
Proved  Aug.  2  seq.  He  was  buried  in  the 
porch  of  St.  Helen's  Church  in  Stonegate. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


books  and  so  forth,  as  well  as  works  such  as  the 
'  Biblia  Pauperum  '  and  similar  books  containing 
woodcuts  which  were  to  a  great  extent  either 
"  cribbed  "  from,  or  copied  entirely  by,  glass- 
painters.  There  are  two  editions  of  "the" '  Biblia 
Pauperum'  with  German  text,  dated  1470  and 
1475  respectively,  whilst  another  with  text  in 
Latin  is  believed  to  be  as  early  as  1420. 


"  ORGY." — Is  it  too  late  to  protest,  in 
the  interest  of  pure  English,  against  the 
increasingly  frequent  use  of  the  term 
"  orgy  "  ?  There  is  no  more  justification 
for  it  than  there  would  be  for  speaking 
of  "  an  oat."  It  is  true  that  TO  opyiov 
appears  once  as  a  noun  in  the  singular  in 
Lucian's  '  Syrian  Goddess,'  a  work  written 
in  the  Ionic  dialect  ;  but  our  word  "  orgies  " 
comes  to  us  through  the  French  from  the 
Latin  plural  orgia,  and  I  fancy  no  decent 
dictionary  would  give  it  in  any  other  form. 

Monreith.  HEKBEBT   MAXWELL. 

SIB  JOHN  COPE,  K.B. — A  few  years  ago 
I  asked  in  the  columns  of  '  N".  &  Q.'  for 
a  portrait  of  this  celebrated  General,  whose 
career  as  an  officer  was  marred  by  the 
stampede  of  Dragoon  horses  at  the  Battle 
of  Preston  Pans.  I  have  now  had  the 
privilege  of  seeing  a  very  fine  portrait  of 
the  General  with  a  tiny  inset  in  the  distance 
of  the  battle  of  Dettingen,  where  he  won 
the  Red  Ribbon  of  the  Bath.  He  wears 
a  breastplate  under  his  blue  uniform 
coat,  evidently  the  uniform  of  the  "  Blues," 
in  which  regiment  he  then  was,  and  beside 
him  on  the  table  is  a  knight's  helmet.  He 
wears  a  short  grey  wig  over  his  own  hair. 
As  he  was  third  son  he  was  born  about 
1690.  No  regimental  history  is  able  to  give 
his  parentage,  birth  or  any  details,  and  as 
he  was  connected  with  so  many  regiments 
I  think  this  short  note  will  be  of  interest. 

E.  E.  COPE. 

MISTRANSLATION  IN  DICKENS. — A  French 
rendering  of  the  title  of  one  of  Mr.  H.  G. 
Wells's  works  has  recently  agitated  the 
literary  dovecotes  of  our  land  ;  here  is  a 
translation  of  a  French  phrase  by  Dickens 
which  will  occasion  no  controversy  from 
its  undoubted  inaccuracy.  In  one  of  his 
'  Reprinted  Pieces '  (ed.  1892),  headed 
'  Our  French  Watering-Place,'  this  passage 
occurs  : — 

He  (M.  Loyal)  is  a  little  fanciful  in  his  language, 
smilingly  observing  of  Madame  Loyal,  when  she 
is  absent  at  Vespers,  that  she  is  "  gone  to  hep 
salvation" — allee  a  son  saint. 
It  so  happens  there  was  nothing  "  fanciful  " 
at  all  in  M.  Loyal's  language  in  its  connexion 
with  "  salut"  for  the  word  here  meant 
not  "  salvation "  but  the  office  of  Bene- 
diction, which  is  known  and  spoken  of 
as  such  in  French-speaking  countries, 
Dickens  was  evidently  unaware  of  this 
technical  signification  of  the  word.  "  Ves- 
pers "  was  nearer  to  it  than  "  salvation." 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     n»a.  vm.  j™»  is.  m: 


Of  course  "  aalut  "  also  means  "  salvation," 
but  not  in  this  application  of  the  expression. 
"Her  Benediction"  indicates  simply  the 
service  she  was  accustomed  to  attend. 

J.  B.  MCGOVERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

"  LIGHTLY  COME,  LIGHTLY  GO." — The 
'  N.E.D.,'  under  Lightly  (adverb),  4,  has 
an  example  of  this  proverb  from  the  year 
1624,  in  Sanderson's  Sermons.  It  can, 
however,  be  traced  back  to  a  much  earlier 
date.  See  *  Letters  and  Papers,  'Foreign 
and  Domestic,  of  the  Reign  of  Henry  VIII.,' 
arranged  and  catalogued  by  James  Gairdner, 
vol.  xiii.,  Part  I.,  1199,  2.  Here  we  find 
that  in  the  articles  against  Sir  Thomas 
Cowley,  vicar  of  Ticehurst,  in  1538,  he 
was  accused  of  making  certain  reflections 
from  the  pulpit  on  the  recent  changes  in 
religious  matters,  one  of  his  comments 
being  that  those  who  had  the  New  Testa- 
ment were  of  the  new  trick.  "It  is  but 
trick  and  go.  Lightly  it  came  and  lightly 
it  will  be  gone  again." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

IRONMONGER'S  HALL. — The  demolition  of 
this  notable  City  Guild  Hall  and  the  sale 
of  its  site  has  apparently  passed  unnoticed 
in  these  pages.  The  loss  is  to  be  deplored 
because  the  wealth  and  traditions  of  these 
guilds  should  make  them  proof  against 
the  mere  money  advantages  of  such  changes. 

There  are  many  illustrations  of  the  Hall, 
which  was  built  1745/1750  by  Spier  and 
Dowbiggen  from  the  designs  of  "  Mr."  Holden 
at  a  cost  of  £5,500  plus  the  material  of  the 
old  Hall. 

This  earlier  Hall  dated  from  1585,  and 
although  badly  scorched  by  the  Great 
Fire  it  had  survived,  thanks  to  special 
effort  and  in  particular  to  William  Christ- 
mas, a  shipwright.  In  the  minutes  of 
the  Court  held  March  6,  1667,  it  is  recorded 
that  he  "  had  done  very  great  service  in 
assisting  to  quench  the  late  dreadful  fire 
here  about  the  Hall  and  severall  other 
places  in  London,  wch  was  well  knowne 
to  sevall  members  psent ;  and  the  Court 
was  therefore  pleased  to  bestow  on  him 
four  pounds  and  give  him  thanks  for  his 
care  in  that  business,  which  he  thankfully 
accepted  of."  This  Elizabethan  building 
was  especially  subject  to  the  risk  of  fire, 
but  the  Court  insured  it  for  £1,500  in  1704 
in  "  the  office  for  insuring  houses  from 


fire    by    Mutuall    contribucon   kept    in    St. 
Martin's-lane  in  the  Strand." 

It  is  uncertain  if  this  was  the  second  or 
third  Hall  built  on  the  site.  The  company 
have  or  had  a  considerable  assemblage  of 
deeds  relating  to  the  site,  commencing  with 
a  grant  by  Robert  de  Kent  and  Felicia 
his  wife  to  Richard  atte  Merk  on  Monday 
next  after  the  feast  of  St.  Hilary  (Jan.  20), 
17  Edw.  III.  (1344),  of  a  vacant  plot  of 
ground.  The  actual  building  is  identified 
as  on  this  site  in  a  deed  dated  June  4,  1494. 

It  is  therefore  greatly  to  be  regretted 
that  this  long  association  should  now  cease. 

The  historian  of  the  Guild,  John  Nicholl, 
F.S.A.,  provided  in  1851  an  excellent 
volume  besides  leaving  important  MS. 
collections  still  unpublished. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

FORGOTTEN  PERIODICALS  (see  ante,  p.  465). 
— To  the  periodicals  mentioned  at  the  above 
reference  may  be  added  Figaro  in  London, 
commenced  as  a  weekly  on  December  10, 
1831,  at  a  penny,  which  died  with  No.  160, 
December  27,  1834,  and  was  then  issued 
as  an.  annual  volume  with  first  title  page 
dated  for  the  year  1832.  The  preface  says 
that  "  Since  we  made  our  first  appearance 
we  have  been  '  Figaro  here  !  Figaro  there  ! 
Figaro  everywhere  !  '  :"  and  boasts  that  it 
sells  four  times  as  many  copies  as  its 
namesake  in  Paris,  and  accounts  for  it 
by  the  way  which  "  we  have  used  our  razor 
for  the  public  good,"  and  promises  .to  "  keep 
the  barber  where  he  is  and  always  ought 
to  be,  '  at  the  very  top  of  the  poll.5  ' 

ARCHIBALD  SPARSE. 


(Buerte*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


THE  EARL  OF  ANGLESEA'S  MS.  HISTORY 
OF  THE  TROUBLES  IN  IRELAND.  — Disraeli,  in 
his  chapter  on  '  Suppressions  and  Dilapida- 
tions of  Manuscripts  '  ('  Curiosities  of  Lite- 
rature,' vol.  iii.),  makes  the  following  state- 
ment : — "  The  Earl  of  Anglesea's  MS.  His- 
tory of  the  Troubles  in  Ireland  and  also  a 
Diary  of  his  own  Times  have  been  sup- 
pressed ;  a  busy  observer  of  his  contem- 
poraries, his  tale  would  materially  have 
assisted  a  later  historian." 

Is  anything   known   of  the   existence   of 


12  s.  VIIL  JUNE  18, 1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


•either  the  history  or  the  diary  referred  to  ? 
A  small  private  diary  in  two  volumes  of  the 
1st  Earl  of  Anglesea,  Arthur  Annesley,  here 
referred  to,  is  in  existence  ;  one  volume  being 
in  the  possession  of  General  Sir  Arthur 
Lyttelton-Annesley  and  the  other  in  the 
British  Museum,  but  this  diary  is  merely 
a  domestic  one  and  cannot  be  described  as  a 
"  Diary  of  his  own  Times." 

GERARD  THARP,  Lt.-Col. 
4,  Lancaster  Gate  Terrace,  W.2. 

HERALDS'  VISITATIONS. — These  visita- 
tions ceased  in  or  about  1686.  The  reason 
was,  according  to  my  recollection,  that  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench  in  that  year  refused 
to  proceed  against  a  person  for  using  arms 
to  which  the  Heralds'  College  alleged  he  was 
not  entitled.  Can  any  one  say  if  my  recol- 
lection is  correct,  and  refer  to  the  case  or  to 
some  authority  where  it  is  mentioned  ? 

C.  A.  COOK. 

COCKNEY  PRONUNCIATION. — I  have  been 
frequently  puzzled  over  the  difference  be- 
tween the  Cockney  pronunciation  occurring 
in  Dickens' s  novels  and  that  which  at  present 
prevails  among  the  same  class  in  London. 
Can  any  one  inform  me  as  to  how  and  when 
the  one  bagan  to  merge  into  the  other  ? 

KATHLEEN  A.  N.  WARD. 

"  MOBS  HOLE." — What  is  the  meaning  of 
this  name  ?  There  is  a  Mobs  Hole 
in  the  parish  of  Wanstead,  Essex,  and  there 
is  a  Mobs  Hole  marked  on  Bryant's  Map 
of  Bedfordshire,  1825.  It  is  actually  in 
the  parish  of  Ashwell,  Herts.  Both  are  in 
low -lying  ground,  and  both  near  a  river. 
Is  it  from  the  surname  Mobbs  ? 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

204,  Hermon  Hill,  Wanstead. 

HAIR-BRUSHES. — Combs  are  ancient,  but 
when  were  hair-brushes  first  commonly 
used  ?  B.  B. 

ROYAL  SUCCESSION  BY  MARRIAGE  TO 
LAST  KING'S  WIDOW. — I  have  mislaid  a 
reference  to  this  custom  in  a  work  written 
fairly  recently.  The  writer  also  said  that 
Mr.  H.  M.  Chadwick  (author  of  '  The  Heroic 
Age,'  &c.)  was  investigating  the  Scandina- 
vian evidence  for  the  custom,  which  is  of 
course  exemplified  in  '  Hamlet.'  Could  any 
reader  of  '  N .  &  Q.'  give  the  reference  and 
also  say  if  Mr.  Chadwick  has  published 
anything  on  this  subject  since  about  1915  ? 

H.  A.  ROSE. 

Milton  House,  La  Haule,  Jersey. 


HICKS' s  MS.  HISTORY  OF  ST.  IVES, 
CORNWALL. — Nicholas  Harris  Nicolas,  the 
antiquary,  who  died  in  1848,  seems  to  have 
been  the  possessor  of  Alderman  John  Hicks's 
MS.  History  of  St.  Ives  (Cornwall).  He 
lent  it  to  Chas.  Landor  Gilbert,  author  of 
'  A  History  of  Cornwall '  (1820).  Since  then 
this  MS.  has  vanished.  The  late  Sir  Edward 
Hain  made  great  efforts  to  trace  it  but 
failed,  and  I  am  now  making  a  further 
attempt  through  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Cornelius  Cardew,  who  was 
rector  of  Lelant  and  St.  Ives  in  1782,  made 
extracts  from  it,  and  the  location  of  '  Cardew' s 
Extracts  J  is  also  asked  for. 

Who  are  the  present  representatives 
of  N.  H.  Nicolas  ?  He  had  at  least  two 
sons;  one,  N.  H.  Nicolas,  was  in  the  Ex- 
chequer and  Audit  Department;  and 
another,  the  Rev.  Percy  Nicolas,  was 
senior  chaplain  at  Calcutta.  It  is  possible 
that  this  MS.  may  be  in  the  care  of  their 
children  or  in  that  of  their  nephews. 

J.  HAMBLEY  ROWE,  M.B. 

Bradford. 

SWINDON  :  "  DAMAS." — In  the  oldest  part 
of  Swindon,  Wilts,  leading  from  the  Market 
Square  to  the  grounds  of  the  Manor  House 
is  a  lane  called  "  Damas."  Can  any  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give  a  clue  to  the  origin 
of  this  word  ?  I  have  some  old  deeds 
relating  to  property  in  this  lane,  in  which 
there  are  frequent  allusions  to  garden 
ground  and  fruit-trees. 

Can  the  word  be  derived  from    damson 
or  from  Damascus  ?    I  have  never  been  able 
to    obtain    any    information    locally    that 
throws  any  light  on  the  origin  of  this  word. 
H.  W.  REYNOLDS. 

PETER  BECKFORD,  author  of  *  Thoughts 
upon  Hare  and  Fox  Hunting,'  is  described  in 
the  'D.N.B.'  iv.  79,  as  a  Master  of  Fox- 
hounds. I  should  be  glad  to  learn  the 
name  of  the  pack  which  he'hunted,  and  the 
period  of  his  mastership.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

CHRISTOPHER  MILLES,  Chief  Justice  of 
Senegambia,  died  at  Madeira,  Oct.  22, 
1771.  When  and  where  was  he  called  to  the 
Bar  ?  When  was  he  appointed  Chief 
Justice  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

"  SINGLE  WHISKEY." — What  is  the  mean- 
ing of  this  expression.  I  have  a  glass  de- 
canter with  the  words  engraved  on  it,  and 
have  never  been  able  to  learn  what  they 
mean.  FRIDZWEDE  BERNEY. 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


MAY  SAYING. — What  is  the  actual  mean- 
ing of  the  saying  : — 

Don't  cast  a  clout 
Till  May  be  out. 

I  have  always  taken  it  to  mean  an  admoni- 
tion not  to  change  to  thinner  clothes  Until 
the  month  of  May  was  over,  but  recently 
I  heard  it  interpreted  as  not  to  change  until 
the-  may-blossom  or  hawthorn  (or  possibly 
the  little  meadow  mayflower)  was  in  bloom. 
This  latter  seems  more  probable,  as  the 
blossom  comes  early  or  late  according  to  the 
season,  whereas  the  weather  is  very  unstable 
from  year  to  year  at  the  end  of  May. 

R.  M. 

RICHARD  PEACHEY  OF  MILDENHALL,  Co. 
SUFFOLK. — Richard,  son  of  Richard  Peachey 
of  Mildenhall,  Co.  Suffolk,  married,  about 

1730,    Susan   .     The   usual   sources   of 

information  .have  been  searched  in  vain. 
Can  any  reader  supply  date  and  place 
of  marriage  and  wife's  maiden  name  ? 
Answers  direct,  please. 

GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 

Ridge,  Barnet,  Herts. 

JOHN  SYMONS  OF    EXETER,  SURGEON. — 
Information    is    desired    concerning    family  I 
and  career  of  above,  whose  death  took  place 
Nov.  8,  1788.  GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 

MARY  GODWIN. — The  Rev.  J.  H.  Torre, 
an  Old  Harrovian,  in  his  '  Recollections  of  j 
School  Days  at  Harrow,'  writes  : — "  Among  | 
the  celebrities  then  resident  in  Harrow  j 
were  Mrs.  Shelley  (nee  Godwin),  wife  of  j 
the  poet."  Mr.  Torre  was  at  Harrow  | 
1831-1838.  Can  any  light  be  thrown  oni 
this  statement  ?  W.  W.  DRUETT. 

PYE  HOUSE. — What  is   a  "pye  house" 
We   have  in  Harrow   a   very   old   building  j 
known    as    Harrow    Pye    House.     It    is    in 
imminent   danger  of   demolition.     Can  any' 
reader   tell    me   what   a   pye    house   was  ? 
It  is  only  a  small  building. 

W.  W.  DRUETT. 

ESSEX  CHEESE  AND  B ANBURY  CHEESE.— 
Are  there  any  references  available  from 
which  could  be  learnt  the  size  of  these 
two  cheeses,  their  methods  of  manufacture 
and  their  distinctive  characteristics  ?  The 
'  English  Gazetteer  ?  states,  under  the  head 
*  County  of  Essex,'  that  "  Essex  cheese  is 


celebrated  in  old  balladry.  "  Under  date 
Aug.  13,  1546,  in  the  first  volume  of  the^ 
'  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council,'  it  is  noted  that 
a  licence  was  granted  to  export  Essex 
cheese  from  Ipswich  to  Antwerp  ;  and  in 
Heywood's  '  Epigrams  '  (sixteenth  century) 
we  are  told  :  — 

I  never  saw  Banbury  cheese  thick   enough, 
But   I  have  often  seen  Essex  cheese   quick 
enough. 

A  quotation  from  another  source  reads  :  — 
"  You  are  like  a  Banbury  cheese,  nothing 
but  paring.'2  Brewer,  in  his  '  Dictionary  of 
Phrase  and  Fable,'  states  that  "  Banbury 
is  a  rich  milk  cheese  about  an  inch  in  thick- 
ness. "  What  is  the  authority  for  this 


statement  ? 


R.  HEDGER  WALLACE. 


HANS  ANDERSEN'S  '  THE  IMPRO VISA- 
TORE.' —  1.  Dante. — The  hostile  com- 
ments on  Dante  by  some  eighteenth  and 
early  nineteenth  century  writers,  quoted 
on  p.  439  ante,  may  remind  the  reader  of 
Habbas  Dahdah,  the  conceited  pedant  and 
poetaster  who  was  "  the  sesthetical  head  of 
the  Jesuit  school,  nay,  of  the  Academia 
Tiberina,"  in  Hans  Andersen's  novel  '  The 
ImprovisatOre  '  (trans,  by  Mary  Howitt ; 
Richard  Bentley,  London,  1847).  Andersen 
himself,  on  the  other  hand,  evidently 
shared  his  hero's  ardent  admiration  of  Dante. 
Was  his  reason  for  making  the  scorner  of 
Dante  •"  an  Arab  by  descent  "  reluctance  to 
attribute  such  opinions  to  a  genuine  Italian  ? 
And  was  Habbas  Dahdah  in  any  way  a 
portrait  of  the  "school  rector"  (?  head 
master)  who  used  to  hold  Andersen  up  to 
ridicule,  according  to  his  Life  (p.  xxiii. ) 
given  as  a  preface  to  the  volume,  or  of 
any  unfriendly  critic  ? 

2.  "  Harlequin." — Can  any  reader  ex- 
plain the  use  of  the  word  "  harlequin," 
apparently  in  the  sense  of  butt,  applied 
to  Habbas  Dahdah  ?  The  hero  writes  : — 

Every  society,  the  political  as  well  as  the 
spiritual,  assemblies  in  the  taverns,  and  the 
elegant  circles  around  the  card-tables  of  the  rich,, 
all  have  their  harlequin  ;  he  bears  now  a  mace, 
orders,  or  ornaments  ;  a  school  has  him  no  less. 
The  young  eyes  easily  discover  the  butt  of  their 
jests.  We  had  ours,  as  well  as  any  other  club, 
and  ours  was  the  most  solemn,  the  most  grumbling, 
growling,  preaching  of  harlequins,  and,  on  that 
account,  the  most  exquisite  (p.  55). 

Is  this  a  Danish  use  of  the  word  ?  Or  is 
the  translation  at  fault  I 

G.  H.  WHITE. 
23,  Weight  on  Road,  Anerley. 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  is,  1921.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


CHOLERTON. — Could  any  reader  inform  me 
as  to  the  derivation  of  the  surname  Choler- 
ton ;  also  as  to  the  origin  of  the  villages  of 
Chollerton  and  Chollerford  in  Northumber- 
land, six  miles  north  of  Hexham. 

L.  S.  C.,  Jnr. 

PLUME  MANTLINGS  m  HERALDRY. — I 
should  be  grateful  if  any  one  could  tell  me 
whether  1642  was  the  earliest  date  when 
plume  mantlings  were  introduced  into 
shields  of  arms,  and  whether  any  specimens 
are  known  with  a  crest.  I  have  only  come 
across  one  instance  with  a  crest  upon  old 
silver,  &c.,  after  searching  for  some  years, 
and  that  is  of  the  Servington'Savery  family 
of  Wilts  and  Devon. 

LEONARD    C.    PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED. — 1.  I  am  told 
these  lines  appeared  in  a  newspaper : — 

"These  nobly  played  their  parts,  these  heard 

the  call, 

For  God  and  King  and  home  these  gave  their  all. 
All  ye  who  pass  in  quest  of  peaceful  hours 
Strew  here  the  fragrance  of  memorial  flowers. 
Behold  the   price    at  which  those    hours    were 

bought, 
The  silent  tribute  of  a  grateful  thought." 

G.  H.  J. 

2.  I  should    be  glad  to  find  the  name  of  the 
author   (and   also   that    of   his   poem)    in   which 
the  following  lines  occur  : — 

"  And  though   her   sons    are   scattered,  and  her 

daughters  weep  apart. 
While  desolation  like  a  pall  weighs  do\\n  each 

faithful  heart. 
As  the  palm  beside  the  waters,  as   the   cedar  on 

the  hills, 
She  shall  rise  in  strength  and  beauty  when  the 

Lord  Jehovah  wills." 

W.  T.  HEWITT. 
Weelsby  Old  Hall,  Grimsby. 

3.  Below  is  a  quotation  which  I  believe  is  from 
Kipling.     I  seem  to  have  exhausted  the  sources 
of    the    Chicago    Public  Library  without  finding 
it  in  any  of   R.  K.'s   published  verse.     I  believe 
it  may  have  been  contributed  by  him  for  a  war 
poster    or  something    of   the   sort.      Could   any 
reader  tell  me  where  and    under   what    circum- 
stances it  was  written  or  published  ? 

"  It  ain't  the  guns  nor  armaments, 

Nor  funds  that  we  can  pay, 
But  the  close  cooperation 

That  makes  them  win  the  day  ! 

It  ain't  the  individual. 

Nor  the  army  as  a  whole, 
But  the  everlasting  teamwork 

Of  every  bloomin'  soul." 

CECIL  K.  EASTMAN. 


Replies;. 

DOMENICK  AXGELO'S  BURIAL-PLACE. 
(12  S.  vii.  249.) 

THE  long-sought  grave  of  the  founder  of 
the  once-famous  Angelo  School  of  Fencing 
is  in  the  parish  church  of  Windsor.  I  am 
indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  E.  W.  Stone 
of  Eton  College  for  a  copy  of  the  inscription 
which  is  to  be  seen  on  a  tablet  in  the  porch 
of  the  church,  and  which  runs  as  follows  : — 

[Top  INSCRIPTION.] 

Near  this   place  lie   the   Remains   of   DOMINICO 

ANGELO    Esqr    who    having     enjoyed    during    a 

long  Life  the  respect  and  Love  of  all,  who  knew 

'  him,    died,    as    universally    lamented,    on    the 

!  llth  day  of  July  1802  aged  85. 

also 

[in  a  vault  beneath  the  Organ  Loft  ELIZABETH 
ANGELO,  Relict  of-D.  ANGELO  Esqr,  died  on  the 
|  llth  Day  of  January  1805,  aged  65. 
[BOTTOM  INSCRIPTION.] 

To   the   memory    of   SOPHIA   ANGELO    daughter 

!  of  the  above  DOMINICO  and  ELIZABETH  ANGELO. 

Died  April  15th  1847,  aged  89. 

As  Domenic's  wife,  Elizabeth,  in  her  will, 
dated  July  13,  1802,  and  May  24,  1804, 
expressly  directs  that  she  should  be  buried 
"  in  the  same  grave  as  my  dear  husband,"  it 
is  not  unlikely  that  he  also  lies  "in  the  vault 
beneath  the  organ  loft  "  if  the  organ  loft 
occupies  the  same  position  as  it  did  in 
1804. 

The  Sophia  Angelo  herein  also  remem- 
bered was  that  Florella  Sophia  Angela 
Tremamondo,  whose  early  friendship  with 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards  George  IV., 
secured  for  her  a  Dameship  at  Eton  while 
she  was  still  scarcely  18  years  of  age,  a 
position  which  she  enjoyed  for  over  70  years. 
It  was  a  fashion  in  those  days,  a  fashion 
which  lingered  well  into  Victorian  times, 
for  intimate  friends  to  correspond  with 
each  other  in  long-resounding  heroics. 
!  For  the  copy  of  such  an  epistle  from  Sophia 
Angelo  herself  I  have  to  thank  the  owner 
of  the  original  MS.,  and  as,  apart  from  its 
feminine  frivolities,  it  contains  matter  of 
real  interest,  I  am  permitted  to  use  it,  so 
herewith  I  send  it  for  publication  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

LETTER  FROM  [Miss  ANGELO  TO   Miss —   — , 
LONDON. 

Eton, 

November  22nd,  1818. 

My  sweetest  of  Friendsjso  the  poor  Queen  is  dead 
I  cried  for  so  long  that  my  eyes  are  quite  red 
Poor  thing  !    but  no  matter  she's  gone  to  her  rest 
And  at  length  I^must  think  how  I'm  to  be  drest 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     ri2s.vm.juxE  is,  1021. 


Por   my   dear   only   think   court   mourning   I've 

none 

Not  a  gown  so  what  in  the  world's  to  be  done 
You  know  that  when  last  I  went  shopping  with 

you 

I  bought  nothing  but  green  pink  orange  and  blue 
Blue  suits  my  complexion  I  like  to  be  gay 
I  wear  pink  in  July  and  green  does  for  May 
Bye  the  Bye  that  last  shawl  made  such  an  effect 

First  awestruck  Miss  L *  asked  how  to  direct 

To  the  shop  whence  it  came,  with  an  envying 

glance 
And   W-gn-r  t   was   sure   that   I'd   got   it  from 

France 

But  now  for  the  mourning  for  without  it  to  go 
I  would  not  for  millions  it  never  would  do 
How  Miss  B-rbl-ck  would  wink  Mrs.  R-g-n-J  fret 
Mrs.  G-d-ll§  herself  would  fly  off  in  a  pet 
Why  e'en  the  Miss  T-ck-rs||    have  both  got  their  j 

'black 

And  shall  I  be  first  in  my  duty  to  lack 
Who  keep  the  best  house,   and  have  the  best 

knowledge 
Of    Parties    and    dress    throughout    the    whole 

college 

Whom  the  Regent  admires  that  I  should  be  seen 
Out  of  mourning  when  all  else  are  in't  for  the 

Queen 

So  hunt  all  the  shops,  run  all  over  the  Town 
For  the  smartest  and  costliest  ready  made  gown 
But  mind  above  all  its  short  waisted  and  full 
With  a  fringe  of  Black  Roses  and  border  of  Tulle 
And  send  me  a  corset  my  shoulders  to  brace 
Of  sarsnet  or  silk  trimmed  with  Brussels  point 

lace 
A  crape  Bonnet  and  Feathers  black  gloves  and  a  i 

fan 

French  ebony  or  if  you  like  it  Japan 
I'm  writing  my  love  in  a  terrible  hurry 
For  I've  been  since  we  met  in  such  a  sad  flurry 
So  bilious,  so  nervous,  so  restless  at  night 
So  full  of  the  vapours  the  headache  and  fright 
Ever  since  we  have  had  that  late  terrible  riot 
I  wish  that  the  Boys  would  but  remain  quiet 
Then  eight  were  expelled  think  how  shocking  my  j 

dear 

I  declare  that  it  cost  me  full  many  a  tear 
Then  poor  dear  Dr.  K-t-  I  was  so  alarmed 
His  nice  little  figure  they  might  have  so  harmed 
What  with  their  hooting  and  pelting  and  thrusting  i 
Then  they  threw  about  eggs  how  very  disgusting  !  ! 
"But  not  here  end  my  griefs  I'm  left  quite  alone 
For  Coleridge  and  Evars  my  fav'rites  are  gone 
Such  elegant  figures,  such  charming  young  men 
I  never  shall  look  on  their  equals  again, 
However  of  late  my  examining  eye 
Has  fixed  upon  one  their  loss  to  supply 
And  that  one  is  Townshend  such  douceur  such 

grace 

So  slender  a  waist  and  so  smiling  a  face 
His  figure  delights  me,  he  must  be  my  beau 
In  short  I  will  have  him  to  breakfast  just  so 
My  niece  is  now  with  me,  a  nice  little  thing 
I  think  I  must  take  her  to  Town  in  the  spring 
The  men  are  all  dying,  but  nothing  done  yet 
I  fear  too  she's  grown  a  little  coquette 


*  Longford. 
t  Wagner. 
J  Regenceau. 


Goodall. 
Tuckers. 


Her  contour  is  perfect,  she's  just  seventeen 
With  the  prettiest  ancle  you  ever  have  seen 
She'll  be  vastly  admired  I  clearly  foresee 
Besides  too  they  say  she's  very  like  me 
Adieu  mon  amie,  love  to  all  friends  in  town 
As  you  value  iny  life,  remember  the  gown 
As  well  as  the  gloves,  fan,  feathers  and  bonnet 
And  try  for  my  Album,  to  pick  up  a  sonnet 
But  hark  !    there  is  company  waiting  below 
I  can't  wait  a  moment — Yours  M.  ANGELO. 

If  the  initial  "  M  "•  is  not  a  mistake  of  the 
copyist,  it  may  stand  for  Malevolti,  a  family 
name  much  affected  by  the  Angelos. 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 


WINDOW  TAX  AND  DAIRIES  (12  S.  viii. 
449). — I  well  remember  seeing  windows  with 
wooden  labels  marked  "  Cheese  Room  "  or 
"  Dairy,"  say  about  1843.  The  windows  were 
not  glazed  but  closed  by  small  bars  of  wood 
fixed  diagonally  and  about  their  own  width 
apart,  so  as  to  admit  both  light  and  air.  I 
know  one  house  in  which  all  the  windows  over 
a  certain  width  are  bricked  up  on  one  side 
to  bring  them  to  the  width  at  which  they 
would  be  untaxed  or  less  heavily  taxed,  and 
I  remember  at  least  one  other  house  that 
was,  and  perhaps  is,  treated  in  the  same 
way.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton',  Lines. 

The  duties  of  1695  (6  Geo.  III.  c.  38)  were 
increased  on  many  dates  up  to  1808,  re- 
duced in  1823  and  repealed  in  1851,  when 
the  inhabited  house  duty  was  substituted. 
Long  detailed  rules  are  to  be  found,  e.g., 
in  the  Act  of  1808  (48  Geo.  III.  c.  55),  for 
charging  and  measuring  the  windows  or 
lights.  Those  in  dairies  or  cheese  rooms 
were  exempt  if  made  in  a  particular  way, 
without  glass,  and  if  the  word  "  Dairy  "  or 
"  Cheese  Room "  was  painted  in  large 
roman  letters  on  the  outer  door  or  on  the 
outside  of  the  window.  The  Act  of  1851, 
though  repealing  the  tax,  continued  certain 
powers  and  provisions  of  the  earlier  Acts 
for  the  purposes  of  the  new  duties,  and 
certain  of  these  provisions  were  repealed 
by  the  Statute  Law  Revision  Act  of  1872. 

Macaulay,  in  his  '  History  of  England,' 
chap,  xxi.,  gives  an  account  of  the  genesis 
of  the  window  tax  and  refers  to  the  Commons 
Journals  of  Dec.  13,  1695.  He  terms 
the  tax  a  great  evil,  but  a. blessing  when 
compared  with  the  curse  of  a  mutilated 
currency  from  which  it  was  the  indirect 
means  of  saving  the  nation. 

Every  house  was  visited  yearly  by  unpaid 
inspectors,  who  had  to  be  householders. 
An  account  of  his  experiences  is  given  by 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  is,  i92i.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


one  of  them  in  The  Manchester  City  News  \ 
Notes   and   Queries,   vol.   iv.     (1882),    288.  | 
A    previous  inspector  had  charged  him  for  j 
a  small  grid   lighting  a  coal-cellar  and  sug- 
gested a  keyhole  might  be  a  light.      The 
question  usually  put  was,  "  Have  you  any 
extra  windows  since  last  year  ?  "     Internal 
windows  lighting  another  room  had  to  be 
charged  for.     The  Acts  should  be  referred 
to  for  details.  R.  S.  B. 

I  was  born  in  1845,  in  a  Stilton-cheese- 
making  district,  and  I  well  remember  seeing 
the   words    "Cheese    Room"    over   one   of 
the      windows      of      several      farm  -  houses 
where  we    used  to  visit.     When,   as   quite ! 
a    small    boy,    I    asked    the    meaning     of  I 
this,  I  was  told  that  formerly,  when  glass 
windows  were  taxed,  those  of  cheese  rooms 
were  exempt ;    and  my  informant  (herself  a  . 
Stilton-cheese  maker)  added  that  this  was  | 
because   of  the  fondness   of  gentlemen  for 
that  particular   kind   of   cheese  !     The   tax 
was  not  in  force  then  nor  during  my  memory. 

C.  C.  B. 

I  remember  that,  in  1859,  there  was,  over 
the  window  of  a  building  in  the  yard  at 
Winwick  Grammar  School,  Lancashire,  an 
old  worn  label  of  wood,  upon  which  was 
painted  either  "  Dairy  "  Lor  "  Milk  House," 
I  forget  which.  J.  P.  R. 

Harvington  Hall  Farm,  about  three  miles 
from  Kidderminster,  and  situate  opposite 
the  old  hall  from  which  it  takes  its  name, 
has,  or  had  a  few  years  ago,  " Cheese  Room" 
on  a  board  above  an  upper  window,  also 
"  Dairy "  over  a  window  below — in  the 
latter  case  painted  on  the  window  frame. 

B.  J.  L. 

See   '  £oems  '  of  Walter  Savage  Landor, 
1795,  p.  123,  '  On  the  Window  Tax  '  :— 
'Tis  well  our  courtly  patriots  have 

No  window  in  their  breast : 
How  d-mn-bly  these  dogs  would  rave 

To  find  themselves  assest. 
The  window  tax  had  been  increased  in 
1784,  STEPHEN  WHEELER. 

I  used,  about  the  years  1885-1887,  to  live 
at  the  Manor  House,  Seend,  Wiltshire.  A 
near  neighbour  had  a  house  and  on  one  of 
the  lintels  of  the  window  was  painted 
"  Dairy."  It  is  probably  there  now.  It 
was  a  relic  of  the  window  tax. 

BLAIR  COCHRANE. 

1  thought  light  in  a  cheese  room  was 
always  excluded.  E.  E.  COPE. 


W.  Toone  ('Chr.  Hist.'  i.  650),  under 
date  Feb.  5,  1747,  writes  :— 

His  Majesty  went  down  to  the  House  of  Peers, 
and  gave  the  Royal  assent  to  the  following 
bills  : — 

An  act  for  repealing  the  several  rates  and 
duties  upon  houses,  windows  and  lights  ;  and 
for  granting  to  his  Majesty  other  rates  and 
duties  upon  houses,  windows  and  lights  ;  and 
for  raising  the  sum  of  4,400,OOOL  by  annuities 
to  ,be  charged  on  the  said  rates  or  duties.  .  .  . 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


"PARLIAMENT  CLOCK"  (12  S.  viii.  451). — 

In  1797  Pitt  imposed  a  tax  on  private  clocks 
at  5s.  per  clock  per  annum  (37  Geo.  III.  c. 
108),  with  the  result  that  many  people  parted 
with  their  timepieces.  To  counterbalance  this 
clocks  were  brought  into  more  prominence 
by  being  placed  where  people  might  see 
them,  such  as  inside  inns,  <fcc.,  while  the 
proprietors  of  places  where  the  public 
congregated,  and  where  no  clock  existed, 
bought  one,  and  it  is  these  latter  that  are 
the  genuine  Act  of  Parliament  clocks. 
The  reason  that  so  many  so-called  Act 
of  Parliament  clocks  were  made  long  before 
the  Act  was  passed  is  accounted  for  by 
the  fact  that  they  were  used,  after  the 
passing  of  the  Act,  more  for  the  benefit  of 
the  public  than  the  household.  The  Act 
was  soon  repealed. 

To  quote  a  letter  which  appeared  in 
The  Times  on  Dec.  1,  1919  :— 

They  are  normally  long-case  hanging  clocks 
with  dials  of  a  diameter  about  two-thirds  the 
length  of  the  case.  The  dials  are  either  circular 
or  octagonal,  they  are  painted  either  white  with 
black  figures  or  black  with  gilt  figures,  and  are 
never  glazed.  The  pendulum  beats  seconds,  as 
in  the  ordinary  "  grandfather  "  clock.  The  case 
is  usually  rectangular  with  a  wedge-shaped 
projection  at  the  bottom,  but  sometimes  it  is 
banjo-shaped  and  sometimes  there  are  shaped 
ear-pieces  at  the  junction  of  the  dial  and  the  case. 
It  is  made  of  soft  wood,  either  roughly  painted 
or  decorated  with  black  or  green  lacquer. 

Thomas  Hill  of  Fleet  Street  made  some 
particularly  attractive  specimens  in  black 
lacquer,  with  the  diameter  of  the  dial 
considerably  greater  than  the  length  of  the 
case,  with  a  pendulum  that  beats  90  beats 
to  the  minute. 

These  clocks  were  more  generally  used 
in  the  south  than  in  the  north  of  England, 
and  have  often  been  sold  by  auction  in 
London  at  between  £6  and  £10  apiece. 

One  was  to  have  been  sold  at  the  Oundle 
Rectory,  Northants,  on  Nov.  26,  1919,  by 
Messrs.  Hampton  and  Sons  on  behalf  of 
Mr.  Herbert  Smith,  but  was  withdrawn  at 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     ri2s.vm.juxE  is,  1921. 


the  last  moment,  while  another,  by  Dwerry-  i 
house  of  Berkeley-square,  might  have  been  | 
seen  at  Messrs.  Hampton  and  Sons'  galleries ; 
in  Pall  Mall  East,  in  December  of  the  same  | 
year.  It  was  richly  decorated  with  black  j 
and  lacquer,  and  had  a  very  bold  and  | 
finely  executed  dial,  on  which  the  minutes  | 
past  the  hour  were  indicated  in  a  secondary  i 
circle  of  ordinary  or  Arabic  figures. 

Arthur  Hayden's  '  Chats  on  Old  Clocks ' ; 
deals  at  length  (p.  124  et  seq.)  with  this  j 
class  of  timepiece.  There  is  an  illustration ; 
of  one,  of  about  1785,  by  John  Grant  of 
Fleet  Street,  but  it  is  more  elaborately 
decorated  than  most.  Reference  to  these 
clocks  also  appeared  in  The  Times  of 
Nov.  24,  Nov.  27,  Dec.  1,  Dec.  12,  1919,  &c.  | 
CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

204,  Hermon  Hill,  South  Woodford. 

Mr.  Arthur  Hay  den,  in  '  Chats  on  Old 
Clocks,'  p.  124  (T.  Fisher  Unwin,  Ltd. ; 
London,  1917),  writes  of  the  above  as 
follows  : — 

We  interpolate  here  a  short  outline  of  a  class  ! 
of     clocks     which     appeals     to     collectors.     In  j 
America    they   are   termed    "  banjo    clocks."     A  j 
good   deal   has    been   written   about   them,    con- ! 
necting  them  with  Pitt's  tax  on  clocks  and  watches  j 
in  1797,  of  five  shillings  on  each  clock  per  annum,  j 
which  Act  was  repealed  in  the  next  year.     It  is  I 
supposed  that  these  clocks  suddenly  came  into  ! 
being  when  private  clocks  were  taxed,  and  were  ', 
used  in  inns.     Owing  to  such  a  deep-seated  belief  j 
they  are  always  known  throughout  the  country ! 
as     "  Act    of    Parliament  "     clocks.     But    they ! 
were  used  earlier  than  the  Act  of  1797,  and  were  j 
probably  inn  clocks  in  common  use  about  that 
time.     They    were    wall    clocks    varnished    with  I 
black    lacquer,     mostly    plain,     but    sometimes  I 
decorated    in    gold.     Often    the    figures    were    in 
white  and  they  had  no  protective  glass.     .     .     . 
The   term    "  Act    of    Parliament "    clocks    must, 
therefore,     be     discarded  ;     these     clocks     were 
common  inn  clocks,  and  had  nothing  to  do  with 
the  Act  levying  the  tax  in  1797. 

D.  K.  T. 

Your  correspondent  is  referred  to  '  English 
Domestic  Clocks,'  by  Herbert  Cescinsky 
and  Malcolm  R.  Webster  (2nd  ed., 
Routledge;  London,  1914),  in  which  the 
authors  say  : — 

The  usual  title  for  the  long-waisted  circular 
or  octagonal-dialed  clocks  is  that  of  "  Act  of 
Parliament."  It  was  in  1797  that  Pitt  imposed 
a  tax  of  5s.  per  annum  on  clocks,  the  Act  stating 
that  "  For  and  upon  every  clock  or  timekeeper, 
by  whatever  name  the  same  shall  be  called, 
which  shall  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  a  clock, 
and  placed  in  or  upon  any  dwellinghouse,  or 
any  office  or  building  thereunto  belonging,  or 
any  other  building  whatever,  whether  public  or ; 
private,  belonging  to  any  person  or  persons,  or 
company  of  persons,  or  any  body,  corporate  or) 


politick,  or  collegiate,  or  which  shall  be  kept 
and  used  by  any  person  or  persons  in  Great 
Britian,  there  shall  be  charged  the  annual  duty 
of  5s."  The  Act  relating  to  clocks  was  very 
unpopular  and  was  withdrawn  in  the  following 
year.  During  the  period  of  its  operation,  how- 
ever, it  became  the  custom  for  innkeepers,  all 
over  the  country,  to  hang  large  clocks  in  their 
public  rooms,  for  the  benefit  of  such  customers 
as  had  disposed  of  their  watches  to  escape  the 
duty.  These  were  known  as  "  Act  of  Parliament  ' ' 
clocks,  and  the  custom  persisted  long  after  the 
Act  was  repealed. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  in  addition 
to  the  above  tax  on  clocks  there  was 
imposed  a  tax  of  10s.  per  annum  on  gold 
watches,  and  2s.  6d.  per  annum  on  silver 
watches  or  those  of  any  other  material. 

WM.  SELF  WEEKS, 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

Illustrations  of  "  Act  of  Parliament  " 
clocks  will  be  found  in  Cescinsky' s  '  English 
Domestic  Clocks  '  ;  Britten's  '  Old  Clocks 
and  Watches  and  their  Makers,'  and  in 
Moore's  '  The  Old  Clock  Book.'  Each  of 
these  books  gives  an  account  of  the  tax 
and  of  the  protests  made  by  the  clock- 
makers  of  the  country.  These  clocks  wer& 
plain  affairs,  and  usually  had  a  large  dial 
of  wood,  painted  black,  with  gilt  figures 
not  covered  by  a  glass,  and  a  trunk  long 
enough  to  allow  of  a  seconds  pendulum. 
The  clocks  were  usually  found  in  inns  and 
taverns  for  the  benefit  of  the  customers. 
Cescinsky  says  : — 

It  is  curious  to  notice  how  a  title  once  bestowed 
has  the  habit  of  persisting  long  after  the  occasion 
which  caused  it  to  arise  has  ceased  to  exist. 
The  usual  title  for  the  long-waisted,  circular  or 
octagonal  dial  clocks  is  that  of  "  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment," and  the  cause  of  the  name  is  historical 
and  interesting.  ...  It  is  probable  that 
these  mural  clocks  were  in  existence  prior  to 
the  passing  of  the  Act,  but  that  the  tax  caused' 
them  to  be  removed  from  private  dwellings  and 
to  be  fixed  in  public  places. 

ARCHIBALD  SPABKE. 

A  full  account  of  "  Act  of  Parliament 
Clocks,"  with  an  illustration,  is  to  be  found 
in  F.  J.  Britten's  '  Old  Clocks  and  Watches 
and  their  Makers,'  1899,  pp.  336  and  337. 
When  the  inquiry  appeared  in  11  S.  x. 
(Aug.  15,  1914)  I  made  a  note  in  the  margin 
of  my  copy,  but  the  war  was  just  beginning 
and  I  did  not  find  time  to  reply.  DIEGO. 

"MAGDALEN5'     OB     "  MAWDLEN  "     (12    S. 

viii.  366,  417,  453). — John  Wyclif  has  in  his 
Bible  "  and  Mary  Mawdaleyne  went  to 
the  tomb."  R.  T.  HALES. 

Holt,  Norfolk. 


12  s.  VIIL  JUNE  is,  i92i.i      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


THE    PLAGUE    PITS    (12    S.    viii.    450).— 
J.    W.    G.   will    find    some    particulars     as 
to  the  locale  of  these  pits  in  Defoe's  '  Journal ] 
of  the  Plague  in  1665  '  ;  in  vol.  ii.  of  '  Old1 
and    New    London,'    by  Walter    Thorbury, ! 
at  p.  202  ;  in  vol.  iv.  of  the  same  work,  at 
p.  249 ;  and  in  Timbs's  '  Romance  of  London,' 
vol.  x.,  p.  152.        WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

r ' 

I  am  told  that  at  the  points  of  junction 
between  the  Brompton  and  Kensington 
Roads,  and  between  Cromwell  Road  and 
Fulham  Road,  are  green  spots  that  have 
never  been  built  on,  and  are  said  to  mark 
the  sites  of  plague  pits.  I  have  an  im- 
pression that  there  were  others  in  Bunhill 
Fields.  Perhaps  some  information  might 
be  found  in  Timbs's  '  Curiosities  of  London,' 
or  in  other  works  dealing  with  London 
topography.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 


I  have  always  heard  that  a  plague  pit! 
was  where  the  curious  triangle   of  ground  | 
is  railed  in  opposite  Tattersalls  Gate  in  Ken- 1 
smgton  High  Street,  S.W.,  and  that  another  ' 
was    under    No.    3,    Belgrave    Square,    and 
another  somewhere  by  Paddington  Chapel. 
Has    a    real    estimate    ever    been    made    of 
how    many    died  ?     Of    course    the    early 
burials  were  in  the  churchyards. 

E.  E.  COPE. 

The  following  quotation  from  Hughson's 
'London,'  vol.  ii.,  p.  191  (1805),  may  be  of 
interest  to  J.  W.  G.  :— 

When  churchyards  were  not  sufficient  and  large 
enough  to  bury  their  dead  in,  they  [the  people  of 
England]  chose  certain  fields  appointed  for  that 
purpose. 

Walter  Manny  purchased  a  piece  of  ground, 
called  Spital  Croft,  belonging  to  St.  Bartholomew's 
Hospital,  containing  13  acres  and  a  rod  in  which 
were  interred,  during  the  next  year,  fifty  thousand 
persons  ;  and  John  Cory  enclosed  another  by  East 
Smith  field  for  the  same  purpose.  Stratford, 
Bishop  of  London,  dedicated  both  the  grounds. 

This  isjquoted  from  Stow's  '  Chronicle  ' 
as  a  footnote  to  Hughson's  very  brief  notice 
orthe  pestilence  of  1348-49. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHOBP. 

"  BEADS  OF  CASTLEDOWNE  "  ( 12  S.  viii.  409, 
453). — With   reference   to   the   meaning    of 
the  word    "  pair,"    in  the  accounts  of    the 
Churchwardens    of    St.  Andrew's,    Holborn, ' 
it  is  recorded  that  Lord  Lincoln  gave  a  pair  ; 
of  organs  in  1485.      This  cannot  mean  two ! 
organs,    nor    a    "  series     or    succession    of  i 
similar  things,"Lnor  is  it  likely  that  it  refers 


to  a  pair  of  bellows.  Is  it  not  meant  to 
convey  the  idea  of  perfection  and  complete- 
ness ?  So  a  string  of  beads  may  be  perfect 
and  complete.  WALTER,  E.  GAWTHORP. 

HANDSHAKING  (12  S.  viii.  451). — If,  as 
MR.  J.  J.  FREEMAN'S  quotation  from  The 
Rambler  suggests,  handshaking  was  a  "re- 
markable particularity ??  in  1751,  it  does 
not  seem  to  have  become  quite  a  matter  of 
course  even  in  1816,  when  Miss  Austen's 
'  Ernma '  was  published.  On  her  first 
visit  to  Hartfield,  Harriet  Smith  was  "  de- 
lighted with  the  affability  M'ith  which  Miss 
Woodhouse  had  treated  her  all  the  evening 
and  actually  shaken  hands  with  her  at 
last  !  n  B.  B. 

BANQUO  (12  S.  viii.  308,  354). — Scottish 
place-names  ending  with  an  "  o  "  sound  are 
by  no  means  so  rare  as  L.  G.  R.  suggests. 
Tinto,  Stobo,  Elcho,  Kelloe,  Balerno,  Bal- 
merino,  Lesmahagow  and  Glasgow  come  to 
mind  without  research.  Moreover  Thurso 
bears  no  reference  to  an  island  ;  there  is 
none  there.  It  is  the  way  we  choose  to 
write  the  good  Norse  name  "  Thor's  a,'? 
i.e.,  Thor's  river,  and  appears  as  Thorsa, 
Thorsey  and  Thorso  in  early  MSS. 

HERBERT    MAXWELL. 

Monreith. 

HERALDRY  :  ST.  AUGUSTINE'S  ABBEY, 
BRISTOL  (12  S.  viii.  267,  315).— Mr.  F.  Were 
of  Stoke  Bishop  has  drawn  my  attention 
to  the  good  stamp  of  the  Abbey  seal  in 
Pendrick's  '  Monastic  Seals.'  It  depicts  St. 
Thomas  kneeling  before  Our  Lord,  and 
the  motto, 

.     .     .     ecce  cruor  et  deitate  fruor, 
which  might  be  paraphrased, 

Lo  !  the  dripping  blood.     I  behold  my  God. 

No  one,  however,  has  been  able  to  trace 
the  age  of  the  shield  of  the  Bristol  See  arms 
in  the  south  chancel  window  of  the  Bristol 
Cathedral. 

Has  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  got  a  copy 
of  Lyson's  '  Gloucestershire  Antiquities '  ? 
It  illustrates  the  stained  glass  in  the  windows 
of  the  Cathedral  choir,  and  if  the  shield 
were  in  situ  in  Lyson's  time  it  would 
prove  that  the  arms  were  not  added  in 
1853  when  the  windows  were  restored, 
though  the  question  as  to  the  date  of 
this  particular  shield  (i.e.,  whether  pre-  or 
post  -dissolution  of  the  Abbey)  would  re- 
main unanswered,  and  that  is  my  query 
still.  THOMAS  G.  SIMMONDS. 

Congresbury. 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [i2s.vm.juNEi8.io2i. 


PUSHKIN  AND  DANTE  (12  S.  viii.  411). —  1 
A.  C.  Noroff  published  a  part  of  the  third  j 
canto  of  the  *  Inferno,'  translated  into ! 
Russian,  in  1823  ;  the  prophecy  of  Dante's  j 
banishment  ('  Paradise,'  xvii.)  in  1824;  and  | 
*  Count  Ugolin©  '  in  1825.  Each  fragment 
appeared  in  a  different  periodical. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

Authors'  Club,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 

WILLOW  PATTERN  CHINA  (12  S.  vii.  169, 
197,   219,   236,    356).— The  following  notes) 
may,   perhaps,   be   of  interest.     I   am  pre- ! 
paring    a   reprint    of   the    story   from    The 
Family  Friend,  and    in  collecting  informa- 
tion as  to  the  design  for  the  purpose  of  a 
preface  the  following  has  been  the  result 
so  far: — 

The  origin  of  the  design  and  the  exact 
date  of  its  general  introduction  as  an 
article  of  commerce  seem  shrouded  in 
doubt,  and  several  claims  are  put  forward 
as  to  its  earliest  adoption. 

By  the  courtesy  of  the  Department  of 
Ceramics  at  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum, 
the  following  information  has  been 
obtained : — 

The  willow  pattern  originated  at  the  Caughley 
porcelain  factory  in  Shropshire  about   1780  and 
was    soon    widely    distributed — with   very   slight 
modifications — throughout     the     porcelain     and  j 
earthenware  factories  of  Staffordshire  and  other  ! 
parts  of  England. 

It  is  merely  an  adaptation  of  the  conventional 
river  scene  commonly  met  with  on  Chinese  export  J 
porcelain  of  the  eighteenth  century,  but  there  are  j 
so  many  of  these  in  existence  that  it  is  impossible 
to  point  to  any  one  individual  landscape  as  the 
original  Chinese  prototype. 

The  rather  uninteresting  synthetic  theory 
of  the  origin  of  the  design  seems  dubious,  as 
the  obvious  course  would  have  been  to  take 
a  satisfactory  pattern  and  adopt  it  in  its 
entirety,  with  perhaps  slight  modifications 
or  improvements.  Perhaps  one  day  a 
genuine  Chinese  example  may  be  found 
which  would  contain  a  sufficient  number  of 
identical  details  to  be  regarded  as  the 
original  ancestor  of  this  very  numerous 
progeny. 

The  border  seems  to  have  been  varied 
considerably  to  suit  the  various  shapes  of 
dishes  and  plates,  and  even  of  ladles.  Two 
main  forms,  however,  have  been  mostly  in 
use,  that  called  the  "  Spode  "  and  the  more 
artistic  "  mosquito "  border.  The  former 
seems  to  have  been  the  earlier,  and  was 
made  by  the  celebrated  Spode  (established 
in  1770).  His  successors,  Messrs.  W.  T. 
Copeland  and  Sons,  of  Stoke-on-Trent, 


claim  that  Spode  was  the  first  to  put  the 
willow  pattern  on  dinner  services,  &c.,  and 
that  he  was  the  originator  of  the  transfer 
printing  for  repeating  the  patterns  on  the 
various  articles.  The  Spode  border  consists 
of  irregular  geometrical  ornament  of  a 
purely  conventional  type,  and  resembling 
somewhat  plans  of  fortifications.  It  also 
contains  several  circular  ornaments  some-, 
what  resembling  wheels. 

The  mosquito  border  is  more  artistic, 
and  is  a  combination  of  leaves,  alternating 
with  a  few  conventional  gnats — from  which 
the  name  was  suggested. 

There  are  several  other  designs  which 
resemble  the  willow  pattern  sufficiently  to 
be  mistaken  for  it.  They  do  not  fill  so 
satisfactorily  the  circular  space,  and  do  not 
have  the  pleasing  effect  of  the  genuine 
design.  Of  these  one  is  called  the  "  Man- 
darin "  and  another  the  "  Canton  "  pattern. 

If  any  of  your  readers  can  give  any 
further  information  or  answer  the  following 
additional  queries  I  shall  be  very  grateful : — 

By  whom  was  the  book  of  the  comic  opera 
'  The  Willow  Pattern  Plate '  written  ? 
The  opera  was  produced  at  the  Savoy 
Theatre  about  twenty  years  ago. 

Is  an  original  Chinese  pattern  known  to 
exist  ? 

Does  the  design  illustrate  an  existing 
Chinese  story,  or  has  the  story  been  imagined 
from  the  details  of  the  design  ? 

ALEX.  MORING. 

10,  Clifford  Street,  W.I. 


SERJEANTS-AT-LAW  (12  S.  vi.  334  ;  vii. 
37^  Qg). — i^.  RALPH  THOMAS  seems  to 
suggest  that  Serjeant  Pulling  (1864)  was 
the  last  one  made.  Two  others  were  made 
in  1864  and  several  later.  The  last  was 
the  present  Lord  Lindley,  who  was  made 
Serjeant  May  12,  1875.  C.  A.  COOK 

^  CHURCH  BUILDING  AND  PARLIAMENTARY 
COMMISSIONERS  (12  S.  viii.  450). — These 
would  be  the  Commissioners  under  the 
Acts  for  building  and  promoting  additional 
churches  in  populous  places.  See  58  Geo.  III. 
c.  45  ;  59  Geo.  III.  c.  134  ;  3  Geo.  IV.  c.  72 ; 
5  Geo.  IV.  c.  103 ;  and  the  Act  of  1827  (7  and 
8  Geo.  IV.  c.  72).  A  Society  for  this 

Eurpose,  formed  in  1818,  was  incorporated 
y  an  Act  of  July   15,   1828    (9   Geo.   IV. 
c.     42).      No    doubt    the    powers     of    the 
Commissioners    are     now    vested     in     the 
Ecclesiastical  Commission.  R.  S.  B. 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  is,  i92i.i      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


THE  SMALLEST  PIG  OF  A  LITTER  (12  S. 
viii.  331,  376,  417,  435,  453).— In  Norfolk 
the  smallest  pig  is  called  the  "  petman." 
I  have  never  heard  "pitman.."  Forby's 
'  Norfolk  Vocabulary  *  connects  it  with 
the  French  petit.  R.  T.  HALES. 

Holt,  Norfolk. 

I  interrogated  on  this  subject  —  (1)  a 
Worcester  farmer  who  said  "  wreckling  "  ; 
(2)  a  bailiff  (Devonian)  who  gave  as 
from  S.  Devon  "  darling "  and  N.  Devon 
"  nissel  (?)  tripe "  ;  (3)  a  Cornishman, 
"  widden  corn  "  ;  (4)  a  "Gloster"'  labourer, 
who  gave  me  two  words,  "  waster ll  and 
"  pennuck "  ;  and  (5)  a  Salopian,  who 
gave  me  "  nistle."  I  may  say  that  these 
were  collected  first  hand  by  myself  in  the 
course  of  two  hours.  A  Dorset  cowman 
gave  the  Cornishman' s  "  nissel  tripe. ," 

MAUBICE  A.  VERNON. 

A  friend,  a  native  of  Cornwall,  tells  me 
that  in  his  county  the  smallest  pig  of  a 
litter  is  called  the  "  widden." 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

The  smallest  pig  of  a  litter  in  this  part  of 
Worcestershire  is  called  the  "  kink." 

STAPLETON  MARTIN. 
The  Firs,  Norton,  Worcester. 

"  THE  POOR  CAT  f  TH'  ADAGE  "  (12  S.  viii. 
431,  475). — Most  rules  have  exceptions.  I 
have  known  two  cats  lacking  the  usual  feline 
aversion  to  water  (which,  by  the  way,  is 
shared  by  the  rabbit,  though,  when  hard 
pressed,  I  have  known  rabbits  take  to 
water).  A  neighbour  of  mine  possesses 
a  large  black  cat,  which  sits,  sometimes 
for  hours,  on  the  river  brink,  watching  for 
fish.  When  a  fish  comes  along  it  dives  in, 
like  a  kingfisher,  and  emerges  with  the 
fish.  This  .  cat  also  catches  water-voles 
in  the  same  way,  and  is  a  deadly  enemy  of 
the  ordinary  field  or  farm  rat. 

W.   JAGGARD,  Capt. 

PITT'S  PEERS  (12  S.  viii.  451).— I  doubt 
the  suggested  right  to  petition  for  a  peerage. 
Probably  it  had  its  origin  in  the  profuse 
creations  of  peers  by  Pitt.  In  his  first 
five  years  of  premiership  50,  and  in  17 
years  (1783-1801)  140  were  created.  Most 
history  books  have  some  account  of  Pitt's 
policy  which  so  altered  the  status  and 
character  of  the  House  of  Lords. 

R.  S.  B. 


VISCOUNT  STAFFORD,  1680  (12  S.  viii. 
409,  454,  478).— At  the  last  reference  I 
meant  to  write,  and  am  almost  certain 
that  I  did  write,  of  "Shifnal  Manor  in  the 
county  of  Salop,"  and  not  of  "  Stafford 
Manor." 

Viscountess  Stafford's  father,  Edward, 
died  in  the  lifetime  of  his  father,  Edward, 
Baron  Stafford,  whose  father  was  also 
named  Edward  and  held  the  Barony. 
Doyle's  '  Official  Baronage,'  though  I  have 
not  seen  the  book,  probably,  in  my  opinion, 
has  confused  her  father  with  her  grand- 
father. JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

CLEMENTINA  JOHANNES  SOBIESKY  DOUG- 
LASS (8  S.  xi.  66,  110,  157;  11  S.  viii.  232; 
ix.  217;  12  S.  viii.  411). — The  following, 
which  appeared  in  The  Barrow  News,  Oct. 
12,  1918,  seems  to  afford  some  slight  addi- 
tional information  to  that  contained  in  the 
first  reference. 

FINSTHWAITE. 

MYSTERIOUS  PRINCESS. — From  time  to  time 
interest  in  the  Princess  whose  remains  are  in- 
terred in  the  Finsthwaite  Churchyard  is  revived, 
and  for  the  information  of  some  visitors  who 
have  been  making  inquiries  recently,  the  Rev. 
C.  G.  Townley,  M.A.,  of  Townhead,  Staveley-in- 
Cartmel,  who  has  done  more  than  anyone  else 
in  bringing  to  light  the  history  of  the  mysterious 
Princess,  states  that  from  research  made  a  few 
years  ago  her  signature  to  the  will  of  Mr.  Edward 
Taylor,  of  Waterside,  Newby  Bridge,  April  28, 
1770,  has  been  found.  In  all  probability  the 
Princess  was  the  daughter  of  Prince  Charles 
Edward  Stewart  (Bonnie  Prince  Charlie)  and 
Clementine  Wachenshaw,  and  was  placed  secretly 
in  charge  of  the  Taylors  of  ^insthwaite,  through 
the  agency  of  Dr.  King,  Principal  of  St.  Mary's 
Hall,  Oxford,  a  noted  Jacobite,  who  had  been 
secretary  to  the  Duke  of  Ormond,  and  whose 
kinsman  had  married  a  sister  of  Edward  Taylor, 
heiress  of  Finsthwaite  House.  A  medal,  struck 
in  1718,  to  commemorate  the  marriage  of  James 
Stewart  to  Clementina  Sobieski,  grand-daughter 
of  John,  King  of  Poland,  the  father  and  mother 
of  Prince  Charles  Edward,  was  left  at  her  death 
in  1771,  by  the  Finsthwaite  Princess,  to  Miss 
Jane  Penny,  of  Pefimy  Bridge  Hall,  whose 
mother  had  been  a  Miss  Taylor,  and  Miss  Penny 
left  it  to  her  nephew,  William  Townley,  of  Town- 
head,  with  whose  heirs  it  has  remained.  Some 
years  ago  the  Rev.  C.  G.  Townley  was  mainly 
instrumental  in  causing  to  be  erected  a  white 
marble  cross  over  the  grave  of  the  Princess,  in 
order  that  the  site  might  not  be  obliterated. 
PAUL  V.  KELLY. 

"  HOWLER  "  (12  S.  viii.  449).— According 
to  the  *  O.E.D.'  this  word  means  something 
"  crying "  or  "  clamant."  As  first  used 
it  does  not  seem  to  have  meant  necessarily 
anything  likely  to  provoke  laughter. 

C.  C.  B. 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"HONEST"  EPITAPHS  (12  8.  viii.  413).  —  i  toxicated.  |  Religious  without  Hypocrisy,  Grave 
In  the  parish  church  of  St.  Mary,  Chelten-  i  without  Austirity  (sic),  of  a  Chearful  |  Conversa- 
i^a™  r.<fQ7*  f>.o  -mil™*  f  V^ov^  i«  fVio  folisvnri'nr*  '  tlon  without  Levity,  A  kind  Husband  &  tender 
ham,  near  the  pulpit  theie  is  the  iollowing  ,  Father>  ,  Tall?  erect  robust>  &  Active,  From 

memorial     notice     to     Captain     H.      Skilli- 


corne  :- 


In  Memory  of  Captain  Henry  Skillicorne  de- 


treated  Wound  while  a  Prisoner,  |  after  an 
Engagement  at  Sea,  He  became  a  strict  Vale- 
tudenarian.  |  He  lived  and  dyed  an  honest  Man. 


ir 


'         he  Isle°f-  M^n  I 
wtn 


When  I  visited  Ayr  I  remember  seeing  in 
Auld  Kirkyard  near   the   river  a  grave- 


•v-ctiitru.         me     g«-n_Hj.     JJIOXX^M     \JJL     v±±cbv     JLOMBUU*          TV  an  n  _  .  .  ..  .| 

young  he  went  to  Sea,  and  was  many  Years  |  in  stone  bearing  an  inscription  to  an  honest 
the  employ  of  and  concern'd  with  Jacob  Elton, !  man,  whose  burial  took  place  in  177-.  I 
Esqr,  Merchant  in  Bristol,  |  whose  Relation  |  have  not  the  wording  of  it  with  me  which 
Sarah  Goldsmith  of  that  City  he  married.  She !  j  wrote  down  at  the  time<  Robert  Burns 
dying  in  Childbed  |  with  two  Children  He  in 


1731  married  Elizabeth  Mason,  then  of  Bristol, 


was  born  at  Alloway,  two  miles  from  Ayr, 


I  Daughter  of  Willm  Mason  of  Cheltenham  and  was  a  frequent  visitor  to  that  town. 
Oentleman  by  Margaret  Surman  |  Daughter  of  I  Since  I  saw  the  gravestone  just  mentioned 
John  Surman  of  Tredington  in  this  County  j  it  occurred  to  me  that  the  words  recorded 

Service,    they    resided    together    some  Years  |  at  j  u    -,  •        ,-,       -,•  •       trr* 

Bristol,  and  in  17 38  came  to  live  upon  their  Estate":  and    suggested    to    him    the    lines    in 

in  this   Town  |  where  he   gave  his   Mind   to   in-  !  O     Shanter  '  : — 

crease    the    knowledge    &    extend    the    Use  |  of  Auld  Ayr,  whom  ne'er  a  town  surpasses 

Cheltenham    Spa,    which    became    his   Property.  For  honest  men  and  bonny  lassies. 

He  found  the  Old  Spring  open  |  and  exposed  to  |       «  TT™PC.t  »      ar»r»Pflr«     tn     Vm^P     KPPTI 

the   Weather.     He  made   the   Well   there   as   it'  appears     to     have     bee 

now    is,     made    the  |  Walks,    and    planted    the   favourite  word  of  Burns,  for  he  uses  it  71 


times  in  his  poems  and  songs,  among  which 
may  be  mentioned  : — "  An  honest  man  here 
lies  at  rest"  ('Epist.  on  a  Friend'); 
"  Honest  Will's  to  Heaven  gane "  (*  On 


W.     Cruickshanks 


"  Here    lies    J- 


Trees,  of  the  Upper  &  lower  Parades,  |  and  by 
Conduct  ingenuous  &  manners  attentive,  |  He 
with  the  Aid  of  Many  worthy  Persons  of  the 
Town  &  Neighbourhood,  |  brought  this  most 
salutary  Water,  to  just  estimation,  &  extensive 
Use,  1  and  ever  presiding  with  esteem  in  the 
Walks  saw  it  visited  with  Benefit,  by  the  greatest 
Persons  of  the  Age,  and  so  established  its  Re- 
putation |  that  his  Present  Most  Gracious  Ma- 
jesty King  George  The  Third,  |  with  His  most  i  t: 
amiable  Queen  Charlotte,  &  the  Princesses  i  Saturday 

Royal  |  Augusta  &  Elizabeth  their  Daughters,  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Shakespeare 
visited  it  drinking  the  Water,  |  &  residing  From  uses  the  word  "  honest  "  265  times,  and  the 
the  12th  day  of  July,  to  the  1 6th  day  of  August  |  term  "honest  man"  on  no  fewer  than  51 
both  inclusive  1788»m  the  Lodge  House  built  by  |  „„„,,.<.,:„-.„ 
Willm  Skillicorne  |  the  Proprietor  thereof,  and  c  ns- 

of  the  Spa,  Son  of  Captain  Skillicorne,  |  on  his        Cheltenham. 
Bays  hill,  near  thereto  for  &  then  £  now  in  Lease,  | 


B y,  honest  man"  ('Epist.  on  J n 

B y,  Writer ') ;  and  "  An  honest  man's  the 

f     Pr»r1  "      << 

M 

). 


WM.  WALE. 


to    the     Right  |  Honourable     Earl    Fauconberg, 
Who    receiving    Benefit    from    this    Water,  |  for 


many  Years  spread  its  good  Name. 


Miller 


Esqr,  The  Tenant  of  the  1  Spa,  &  others  of  the 
Town,  erected  new  Buildings,  paved,  cleansed, 
|  &  lighted  the  Street,  encouraged  by  the  Gen- 
tlemen of  the  Neighbourhood,  |  making  new 
Roads.  The  King  discovered  the  new  Spring  like 
the  Old,  |  which  his  Majesty  steaned  &  secured, 
and  built  17  Rooms  at  the  Lodge  1-  House,  at  his 
own  Expence,  and  graciously  gave  to  Mr  Skilli- 
corne, |  in  whose  Ground  near  the  House  it  was, 


THE  GREEN  MAN,  ASHBOUBNE  (12  S.  viii. 
29,  77,  113,  157,  176,  278).— Mr.  Eden  Phill- 
potts  tells  us,  in  the  little  monthly  paper 
Fellowship,  of  the  existence  of  yet  another 
Green  Man  inn.  It  is  situate  on,  or  close  to, 
Dartmoor.  CECIL  CLARKE." 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

G.    A.     COOKE    AND    HIS    COUNTY    ITINER- 


•UU111C,        ill   w  n<_»oc   VJI.AJ  ic    J--HJLIQC;    i\j     woo,  /  i  ft    O  •"       OrkO       /1O/2      AK£\  TV>  1"     i*, 

at   the   Instance   of   Earl   Fauconberg.  |  Captain  j  ARIES  (12  S.  vm.  393,  436,  456).— The  replies 

to  the  original  query  have  thrown  no  light 
on  the  personality  of  George  Alexander 
Cooke,  but  it  seems  probable  that  he  was  a 


Skillicorne  was  buried  the  18th  of  October,  1763, 
with  his  Son  |  Henry,  by  His  last  Wife,  at  the 
West  Door  on  the  Inside  of  this  Church,  |  Aged 


, 
84   Years.     He   was    an    excellent    Sea   Man,    of  i      ,    ,  •  f     .-. 

tryed    Courage.  |  He   visited   most   of   the   great  |  r^tP!OnD  ?*     tn® 


PVi«rlA« 
( 


irage 

Trading  Ports  of  the  Mediterranean,  up  the  | 
Archipelago,  Morea  &  Turkey,  Spain,  Portugal, 
&  Venice,  and  several  of  the  |  North  American 
Ports,  Philadelphia,  and  Boston,  and  Holland, 

I  and  could  do  Business  in  seven  Tongues.      He    ,  f   r 

was  of  great  Regularity  |     &  Probity,  &  so  tern-    house    and    estate    °luTlte    ™t    °f    prA°P  M    i« 
porate    (sic),   as   never   to   have   been   once   in- i  to  its  importance.     He  died  there  April  Ib, 


of  17,  Paternoster  Row. 

Charles  Cooke  built  Belle  Vue  House, 
Walthamstow,  and  the  volume  on  Essex 
contains  (p.  147)  a  description  of  the 


12  a  vm.  JUNE  is,  1921.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


1816,  aged  56,  and  is  buried  in  a  vault  in 
Walthamstow  Churchyard.  In  the  same 
vault  are  interred  his  son  Charles  Augustus 
Cooke  and  his  grandson  Charles  Cooke.  His 
executors  were  James  White  of  Titchfield 
Street,  Richard  Corbould  of  Holloway, 
and  Charles  Hibbert  of  Princes  Street, 
Soho.  (Will,  P.C.C.,  241  Wynn). 

Any  evidence  of  a  connexion  between 
G.  A.  Cooke  and  Charles  Cooke  would  be  very 
welcome  to  FRANK  STANDFIELD. 

'  THE  FABLE  OF  THE  BEES  *  (12  S.  viii. 
433).— The  Proprietary  Library  in  Ply- 
mouth has  a  copy  of  this  work  of  the  third 
edition,  and  an  examination  of  the  new 
matter  added  therein  leads  me  to  offer  these 
remarks,  although  I  am  quite  aware  that 
they  cannot  be  a  real  answer  to  MB.  CLEMENT 
SHOBTEB'S  question. 

This  edition  was  printed  in  1724  for  J. 
Tonson,  and  the  title  page  reads  : — 

The  |  Fable  |  of  the  |  Bees  :  |  or,  |  Private 
Vices,  |  Publick  Benefits,  |  With  an  Essay 
on  |  Charity  and  Charity-Schools.  |  And  |  A 
Search  into  the  Nature  of  Society  |  —  |  The 
Third  Edition.  |  —  |  To  which  is  added  |  A 
Vindication  of  the  Book  |  from  the  Asper- 
sions contain' d  in  a  Presentment  |  of  the  Grand- 
Jury  of  Middlesex  and  |  an  abusive  Letter  to 
Lord  C.  |  —  |  London  :  |  Printed  for  J.  Tonson, 
at  the  Shakespear's  Head,  |  over-against  Kathe- 
rine  Street  in  the  Strand.  |  MDCCXXIV.  | 

The  "Presentment"  quotes  from  and 
complains  of  the  "second  edition,  1723," 
and  on  p.  473  the  "  Vindication  "  says  :— 

The  first  impression  of  the  Fable  of  the  Bees, 
which  came  out  in  1714,  was  never  carpt  at,  nor 
publickly  taken  notice  of  ;  and  all  the  Reason  I 
can  think  on  why  this  Second  Edition  should 
be  so  unmercifully  treated  .  .  .  is  an  Essay 
on  Charity  and  Charity-Schools  which  is  added 
to  what  was  printed  before. 

It  is  clear  from  this  that  whatever  was 
issued  in  1714  was  reckoned  as  only  one 
edition.  May  I  venture  to  suggest,  there- 
fore, that  there  was  so  much  demand  for  it 
that  there  had  to  be  an  extra  issue,  which 
was  distinguished  by  a  separate  title  page, 
but,  as  there  was  no  change  in  or  addition 
to  the  text,  was  not  reckoned  a  new 
edition. 

It  is  noticeable  that  the  third  more  nearly 
agrees  with  the  second  form  given  by  MB. 


SHOBTEB. 


W.  S.  B.  H. 


AUTHOR  WANTED  (12  S.  viii.  451).— '  With 
the  Wild  Geese,'  by  Emily  Lawless,  contains  two 
short  poems,  '  Fontenoy.'  H. 


on 


The  Book  of  Fees  commonly  called  Testa  de  Nevill. 

Reformed    from    the    earliest    MSS.    by    the 

Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Records.     Part  I.,  A.D. 

1198-1242.      (H.M.   Stationery   Office.      £1    Is. 

net.) 

FEW  of  the  publications  of  the  Public  Record 
Office  will  meet  with  a  heartier  or  better  deserved 
welcome  than  this  new  edition  of  that  com- 
pilation long  known  to  students  of  topography 
and  genealogy  as  the  '  Testa  de  Nevill,'  and  by 
them  much  used,  but  used  under  manifold  dis- 
advantages. 

The  book  at  their  command  was  that  which 
was  published  in  1807,  most  ineffectually  edited 
by  John  Caley  and  W.  Illingworth,  in  compliance 
with  an  order  made  by  the  Royal  Commissioners 
on  the  Public  Records  in  1804.  Its  substance 
was  a  compilation,  made  in  1302,  contained  in 
two  volumes  of  parchment  leaves,  officially 
styled  '  Liber  Feodorum.'  The  common  name 
'  Testa  de  Nevill  '  has  not  been  finally  accounted 
for,  but  there  seems  little  reason  to  dissent  from 
Sir  H.  C.  Maxwell  Lyte's  explanation  of  it,  as 
derived  from  some  receptacle  for  certain  early 
documents  relating  to  knights'  fees,  which  was 
marked  with  a  head,  known  as  the  head  of 
Nevill. 

The  nature  of  the  material  underlying  the 
compilation  is  most  lucidly  set  out  in  the  preface 
to  this  edition,  and  the  difficulties  of  the  scribe, 
amid  the  complicated  returns  with  which  he 
had  to  deal,  together  with  his  different  attempts 
to  overcome  them,  live  again  for  the  reader  in 
these  not  only  instructive  but  entertaining 
pages.  The  immediate  occasion  for  this  setting 
out  in  some  sort  of  order  the  knights'  fees  and 
their  holders,  was  the  marriage  of  Edward  I.'s 
eldest  daughter  Elizabeth,  in  1302,  to  Humphrey, 
Earl  of  Hereford,  for  which  the  assessment  of 
an  Aid  had  to  be  undertaken.  Two  collections 
of  documents  were  worked  over  —  an  arrentation 
of  serjeanties  made  in  1250,  and  the  '  Testa  de 
Nevill,'  which  comprised  the  returns  of  a  number 
of  separate  inquisitions  of  varying  importance 
and  extent,  the  earliest  being  an  assessment  of 
serjeanties  of  the  last  year  of  Richard  I. 

The  1807  edition  of  the  '  Book  '  thus  produced 
was  printed  from  a  transcript  of  the  MS.  made 
by  "  a  man  of  the  name  of  Simpson,  who  was  a 
writer  in  the  Exchequer,"  in  which  such  rudi- 
mentary arrangement  of  the  material  in  sections 
as  the  MS.  presents  had  been  obliterated. 

The  present  edition  does  not  follow  the  '  Book,' 
but  goes  back  behind  it  to  the  rolls  from  which 
it  is  compiled.  The  existence  of  the  '  Book  ' 
had  very  naturally  led  to  neglect  of  these  ori- 
ginals, but,  slowly  and  intermittently,  from  the 
time  of  the  publication  in  1807,  the  work  of 
identification  has  proceeded,  and  there  is  now, 
under  the  new  title,  '  Exchequer  K.R.,  Serjeanties, 
Knights'  Fees,  &c.,  ij.,'  a  bundle  containing  all 
the  rolls  used  for  the  present  edition.  They  do 
not  offer  an  easy  field  of  work.  Even  in  1302 
the  scribe  had  frequently  been  embarrassed  by 
the  earlier  handwriting,  and  the  Exchequer 
authorities  made  only  a  modest  claim  for  the 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     1:12  s.vm.  JUNE  is. 


result  of  his  labours.  "Memorandum,"  says  a 
note  on  one  of  the  fly-leaves  of  vol.  ii.,  "  quod 
iste  liber  compositus  fuit  et  compilatus  de 
diversis  inquisitionibus  ex  officio  captis  tempore 
Regis  Edwardi  fllii  Regis  Henrici,  et  sic  contenta 
in  eodem.  libro  pro  evidenciis  habentur  hie  in 
Scaccario  et  non  pro  recordo." 

Wherever,  then,  the  originals  exist  the  text  of 
the  present  edition  follows  them  ;  and  where,  as 
most  often,  the  originals  being  lost,  the  text  of 
the  '  Book  '  has  to  be  followed,  it  has  been  re- 
arranged in  chronological  sequence,  the  sets  of 
documents  belonging  to  particular  returns  being 
placed  together.  A  key  to  the  three  several 
arrangements  of  1302,  1807  and  1920  enables 
the  student  to  refer  to  the  earlier  editions.  The 
volume  before  us  contains  the  documents  be- 
longing to  the  period  1198-1242.  Each  set  has 
its  separate  introduction,  which,  in  the  case  of 
the  more  considerable  inquisitions,  amounts  to 
a  lengthy  survey,  with  abundant  references,  of 
the  principal  information  available  on  the  persons 
and  places  concerned.  The  Inquest  of  1212,  and 
the  levy  in  aid  of  the  marriage  of  Isabel,  sister 
of  Henry  III.,  to  Frederick  II.,  in  1235,  are  the 
two  most  important  documents  falling  within  the 
period  covered  by  this  volume. 

We  are  asked  to  state  that  the  book  may  be 
obtained  from  H.M.  Stationery  Office,  Imperial 
House,  Kingsway,  W.C.2. 

Bibliographies  of  Modern  Authors.  No.  1 :  Robert 
Bridges.  No.  2  :  John  Masefield.  Leslie, 
Chaundy,  Is.  6d.  net.) 

THIS  is  an  enterprise  which  deserves  a  warm 
welcome.  The  bibliographies  are  published  in 
a  very  attractive  form — well-printed  booklets 
in  white  card  covers — and  contain,  or  are  clearly 
intended  to  contain,  the  usual  bibliographical 
details.  That  of  Mr.  John  Masefield's  work, 
compiled  by  Mr.  I.  A.  Williams,  is  much  the  fuller 
and  more  systematic.  The  bibliography  of  the 
Poet  Laureate  is  somewhat  irregular  in  the  matter 
of  chronology,  and  bibliographers  will  notice 
obvious  gaps  in  the  information  provided.  We 
would  suggest  the  inclusion  of  a  blank  leaf  or 
two  at  the  end,  to  give  the  owner  the  opportunity 
of  bringing  the  list  up  to  date. 

Worthing  with  its  Surroundings.  By  J.  Lee 
Osborn.  (The  Homeland  Handbooks,  Is.  6d. 
net.) 

WE  have  received  No.  91  of  this  useful  series, 
which  deals  with  the  topography,  archaeology 
and  history  of  the  tract  of  Sussex  just  west  of 
Brighton.  It  includes  a  reproduction  of  John 
Speed's  map  of  the  Worthing  district  from  the 
'  Theatre  of  the  Empire  of  Great  Britaine,'  1677, 
and  also  one  of  the  Ordnance  Maps,  numerous 
excellent  photographs  and  a  pleasantly  written 
text,  which  touches  on  all  the  topics— especially 
the  biographical  topics — that  should  be  brought 
to  the  notice  of  the  intelligent  traveller.  While 
this  neighbourhood  cannot  boast  any  features 
of  startling  interest,  it  is  rich  in  pleasing  and 
ancient  associations  of  a  secondary  sort,  and  for 
those  who  know  it  well  possesses,  even  as  compared 
with  other  parts  of  Sussex,  a  special  charm  of  its 


WE  have  received  from  Messrs.  Blackwell  of 
Oxford  a  Catalogue  of  Books  from  the  Library  of 
our  much  esteemed  and  regretted  correspondent, 
the  late  William  Dunn  Macray,  which  they  have 
acquired  from  his  executors.  Many  of  the  books 
in  this  list  are  already  in  the  working  library  of 
most  students  of  antiquity  ;  but  the  list  is  worth 
looking  through  not  only  for  the  chance  of  filling 
some  gap,  but  also  on  account  of  there  being 
included  in  it  books  which  have  MS.  notes  by 
Dr.  Macray  on  the  end  papers,  or.  contain  scraps 
or  cuttings  collected  by  him.  There  are  several 
privately  printed  books,  many  bearing  interesting 
inscriptions  ;  and  a  few  choice  books,  such  as 
a  good  Sterne — £7  7s.  ;  the  Roxburghe  Chib 
'  Charles  II.' — £7  7s. ;  and  James  I.'s  '  Apologia 
for  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  ' — £3  3s. 


GEORGE  BARLEY. — Mr.  C.  Colleer  Abbott  has 
for  some  time  past  been  engaged  upon  an  edition 
of  the  writings  in  prose  and  poetry  of  George 
Darley  (1795-1846),  which  is  to  be  preceded  by  a 
volume  of  Life  and  Letters.  For  this,  with  the 
approval  and  help  of  the  Darley  family,  Mr. 
Abbott  has  gathered  much  new  material.  On 
account  of  his  distressing  stammer,  George 
Darley 's  most  satisfactory  means  of  intercourse 
with  his  friends  was  by  letter,  and  it  is  believed 
that  there  must  be  in  existence  many  of  his 
letters,  characteristic  in  style  and  writing,  which 
have  not  yet  come  into  his  editor's  hands.  Mr. 
Abbot  requests  us  to  say  that  he  would  be  grate- 
ful if  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  possesses 
letters  or  poems  of  Darley,  or  any  information 
concerning  him  likely  to  be  of  value,  would 
communicate  \\ith  him  on  the  subject,  and  would 
permit  him  to  make  use  of  any  such  material. 
Address  :  Gonville  and  Caius  College,  Cambridge. 


to 


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The  Completion 
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NOTES   AND    QUEKIES: 

&  JWebtum  of  Stttercommumcation 

FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

"When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  167.  fisn  JUNE  25,  1921. 

" 


Now  Ready ; 

Cjje  Ctmes 

DIARY    AND    INDEX 
OF    THE    WAR. 


A    concise    record    of    events   from  the   murders    at    Serajevo    to    the 
ratification  of  the  Peace  Treaty. 

In  l^eaftme*  Diary  the  full  immediate  access  to  any 

history  of  the  War  in  diary  information  required. 
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178  clearly  printed  pages.  indispensable  alike  to  his- 

Every  event  of  importance  torians  and  to  the  general 

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Published  Price.     Sale  Price. 

THE   MUSEUM   DRAMATISTS.    Published  for       «    s.    a.        £    s.    a. 

the  Early  English  Drama  Society.     5  Vols.  each  2s. 

1. — The    Summoning   of    Everyman.     2. — Balph    Roister 

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Tib  his  Wife  and  Sir  John  the  Priest.     By  John  Heywood.  5  vols. 

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and  the  Friar,  the  Curate  and  Neighbour.  Pratt  (c.  1533). 
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mer Gurton's  Needle.  By  Mr.  S.,  Mr.  of  Art. 

THE    LIFE    AND    LETTERS    OF    H.    TAINE, 

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ships. 3  Vols 126  60 

MY    LIFE    AND     FRIENDS.     A    Psychologist's 

Memories.  By  James  Sully,  LL.D.  With  1 7  Illustrations. 
An  exceedingly  interesting  record  of  many  friendships. 
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Huxley,  Lord  Morley,  Kinglake,  and  Henry  Sidgwick.  . .  126  50 

PERU  :    A  HISTORY  OF  COCA.     "  The  Divine 

Plant  "  of  the  Incas.  With  an  Introductory  Account  of 
the  Incas  and  of  the  Andean  Indians  of  to-day.  By  W. 
Golden  Mortimer,  M.D.  Containing  178  Illustrations, 
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earliest  accounts.  It  tells  of  the  industries,  science,  arts, 
poetry,  dramas,  the  laws,  social  systems,  and  religious  rites 
of  the  Incas,  whilst  a  description  of  the  life  and  customs  of 
the  modern  Andeans  is  given.  . .  . .  160  10  6 

THE   LETTERS   OF   JOHN   B.   S.   MORRITT 

OF  ROKEBY.  Impressions  of  Travel  through  Europe 
and  Asia  Minor  during  the  Revolutionary  Period,  1794- 
1796.  Edited  by  G.  E.  Marinden 10  6  36 

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Edited  by  W.  A.  and  F.  Baillie-Grohman,  with  a  foreword 
by  Theodore  Roosevelt.  Contains  a  number  of  fine  and 
quaint  Illustrations.  ..  ..  ..  ..  ..  ..  76  50 

CANTERBURY  PILGRIMS  AND  THEIR  WAYS. 

By  Francis  Watt.  13  Illustrations.  This  book  describes 
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501 


LONDON,   JUNE    25,  1921. 


CONTENTS.— No.    167. 

NOTES  :— A  Note  on  Raphael  Morghen,  501— Reynolds  of 
Coolbeg,  Co.  Donegal,  502  —  Aldeburgh  Chamberlains' 
Account-Book,  506 — Louis  de  Rougement — Cheese  sup- 
plied to  the  Army,  1650-1 — The  Pseudonym  "  Jacob 
Larwood,"  508 — American  Editions  of  Gray's  '  Elegy ' — 
The  Rhine  regarded  as  a  French  River — Dublin  Street 
Place-Names,  509. 

QUERIES  .-—Horse-riding  Records  —  '  Neck  or  Nothing  ' : 
Author  Wanted,  509 — Flag  flown  on  Armistice  Day — 
Trai^portations  after  the  Forty-five — "  Bomenteek  " — 
Ladies'  Portraits — Combe  House,  Herefordshire — The 
Growth  of  Bogs — Tuninghen  Cheese-r-Manchester  and 
Milford  Railway,  510 — "  Foolproof  " — Relapses  into 
Savage  Life — Alexander  McLeod — Thomas  MacGuire — 
Dr.  John  Misaubin — The  Surname  Mayall — Printing  of 
Registers — Sun-dials  —  Pulse  —  Wild  Horses  —  Foxes 
and  Lambs — Hop-picking  Songs,  511 — Silver  Medal : 
Identification  Sought — Maximilian  William,  Brother  of 
George  I. — Bishop  of  Oxford's  Coinage — "  To  curry 
favour  " — Staresmore  of  Froles worth — Hebrew  and 
English  Idioms,  512. 

REPLIES  :— Wringing  the  Hands,  512— Hackney,  513— 
Franklin  Nights  (or  Days) — Shakespeare's  Songs — Robert 
Johnson,  514 — Joan  of  Arc — "  Parliament  Clocks  " — 
"  The  Poor  Cat  i'  th'  Adage— Early  Stage-Coaches,  515— 
Olive  Schreiner — "  Auster  "  Land  Tenure  " — Viscount 
Stafford  —  "  Good  old  "  —  James  Macburney  —  S.  E. 
Thrum — Old  London  :  The  Cloth  Fair — Arms  of  Elling- 
ham,  516  —  Danteiana  —  The  Caveac  Tavern  —  "  Mag- 
dalen "  or  "  Mawdlen,"  517 — Hearth  Tax — "  Tenant  in 
Capite  "  —  The  Hooded  Steersman  —  Four-Bottle  Men  : 
Glass  Collections — Window  Tax  and  Dairies,  518. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'English  Metrists '— '  The  Two 
Gentlemen  of  Verona ' —  '  A  Manual  of  Seismology.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


A  NOTE  ON  RAPHAEL  MORGHEN. 

WHILE  examining  some  MSS.  in  the  Semi- 
nario  of  Padova,  one  of  those  quietly 
baautiful  libraries  which  form  very  exqui- 
site recollections  in  the  mind  of  the  student, 
I  discovered  a  letter  written  to  a  certain 
famous  Padovan  professor,  not  entirely 
insignificant  in  itself  and  profoundly  in- 
teresting to  the  lover  of  Italian  literature. 
It  is  addressed  : — 

ALL'  EGBEGGIO  S.  PROFESSORS, 

IL  SIG.  DOTT.  A.  MARSAND, 

PADOVA, 
and  runs  as  follows  : — 

Bureau  des  Affaires  Etrangeres, 

ce   2  juillet,    1821. 

Monsieur, — J'ai  1'honneur  de  vous  accuser 
reception  de  la  lettre  en  date  du  8  juin,  que  vous 
m'avez  fait  1'honneur  de  m'adresser,  au  sujet 
de  1'exemplaire  de  I'Edition  des  Poesies  du 
celebre  Petrarque,  que  vous  adressates,  il  y  a 
quelques  mois,  a  Sa  Majest6,  mon  Auguste 


Maitre. — Le  superbe  Ouvrage  est  effectivement 
parvenu  a  sa  haute  destination,  et  j'ai  bien  du 
plai|ir,  Monsieur,  en  vous  assurant  du  haut 
Prix  que  le  Roi  mettra  a  la  possession  d'un  livre 
auquel  vous  paraissez  avoir  youes  tant  de  soins, 
et  qui  transmet  a  la  posterite  les  Compositions 
de  votre  illustre  Poete,  en  une  maniere  qui 
doit  faire  Honneur  a  la  fois  au  memoire  de  1'Auteur 
et  aux  talens  de  son  Editeur, 

J'ai  PHonneur  d'etre,  Monsieur, 
votre  tres  humble 

et  obeisant  Serviteur 

LONDONDERRY. 

The  letter  shows  George  IV.  in  a  new 
light,  as  a  patron  of  Italian  letters  if  not 
as  a  profound  student,  and  may  serve, 
in  some  measure,  to  restore  some  of  its 
brilliancy  to  the  lustre  of  that  cosmopolitan 
beau ;  but  it  has  a  finer  signification  beyond 
this :  it  shows  undoubtedly  that  Italian 
letters,  Italian  scholarship,  counted  on 
Britain  as  a  centre  of  interest,  if  not  of  great 
financial  support. 

The  edition  of  Marsand,  published  in 
two  large  folio  volumes  by  the  Tipografia 
del  Seminario  in  1819,  remains  one  of  the 
most  perfect  editions  of  Petrarch  in  exist- 
ence, an  edition  entirely  worthy  of  that 
fine  old  press  which  contributed  so  much 
in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries 
to  the  love  of  beautiful  printing  and  equally 
beautiful  engraving.  Even  now  the  actual 
paper  of  the  edition  is  snow-white,  and  the 
letters  have  a  delicate  yet  intensely  black 
type  reminiscent  of  the  finest  works  of  the 
Venetian  presses.  It  is  a  fit  memorial  to 
the  poet  associated  with  neighbouring 
Arqua,  and  the  librarian  shows  with  pride 
an  autographed  Latin  epistle  by  him  written 
in  a  small,  exquisitely  clear  hand. 

The  great  interest  of  the  edition,  however, 
lies  in  the  engraving  given  as  a  frontispiece 
by  Raphael  Morghen  after  a  painting  by 
Simon  Memmi — Beati  gli  occhi,  che  la 
vider  viva — surely  one  of  the  few  engravings 
which  give  to  the  portrait  of  a  supremely 
beautiful  woman  a  supremely  beautiful 
realization.  The  lifeless  portrait  of  Memmi 
becomes,  in  the  hands  of  Morghen,  a  rich, 
lovely,  palpitating  thing  quivering  with 
life  and  dignified  at  the  same  time  ;  the 
flesh  tones  are  rendered  very  softly  and 
graded  imperceptibly,  with  a  very  great 
precision  of  line,  silvered  and  toned  from 
velvety  shadow  to  a  milkier  light — the 
introduction  of  colour  into  engraving  by 
means  of  engraving  alone. 

The  history  of  this  engraver  presents 
many  points  of  interest  and  is,  in  fact, 
vital  for  our  knowledge  of  that  art  which 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  s.  vm.  J™E  25, 1921. 


found     its     highest     development     in     the 
Settecento  ;      with     his     master,     Volpato, 
he  carried  the  art  of  engraving  to  its  e,po- 
theosis,  to  an  excellence  unrivalled  by  any 
engraver   of  modern    times.     Morghen  was 
fortunate  in  having  as  patron   General  the 
Marquis    Manfredini,    a    wealthy    Padovan 
still   held  in  honour  in  that   town.     Man- 
fredini commissioned  Morghen,  in  addition 
to  his  work  as  an  engraver,  to  form  a  collec- 
tion of  engravings  from  the  earliest  times, 
and  to  this  commission  we  owe  the  magnifi- 
cent   collection    in     the    Seminario    which 
traces,     in    its    three    hundred    examples, 
the  development  of  the  art  from  Albrecht 
Diirer    until    the    Settecento.     No   student 
of  book  illustration,  as  well  as  of  engraving 
on  a  larger  scale,  can  neglect  this  collection, 
and  no  modern  master  can  omit  Morghen, 
since   the   technique   of  the   latter  is  fully 
as   modern   as   that   of  Timothy   Cole   and 
infinitely  finer  in  the  realization  of  subtle 
effects    of    light    softening    gradually    into 
half-shadow — folds     and     dull     gleams     on 
flesh,   rising  of    muscle    over  muscle    in    a 
fine  velvety  suggestion.     In    the  great  en- 
gravings— that    of    the    Cena    of    Leonardo 
da   Vinci,   where   the   impression   of  actual 
impulsive  life  comes  more  directly  into  the 
engraving    than    into    the    fresco  ;     of    the 
Vergine  col  Bambino  of  Titian,  where  the 
soft  beauty  of  the  child  lying  on  the  ground 
seems  to  glow  and  shiver  in  a  delicate  play 
of  light ;     of  the   Madonna    della  Seggiola, 
where    a    hackneyed    subject    becomes    im- 
pressive   as    art    in   a    different    medium — 
the  power  and  genius  of  Morghen  rise  to  a 
level  with  the  genius  of  the  artist  and  both 
meet  on  the  higher  plane  of  art.     In  the 
Madonna  del    Sacco   of   Andrea   del    Sarto, 
the  Danza  delle  stagioni  of  Nicolas  Poussin, 
the  Ritratto  di  Dante  of  Toffanelli,  and  the 
fine  Fornarina  of  Raphael,  where  a  finished 
and  unfinished  engraving  of  the  same  sub- 
ject are  placed  side  by  side  to  show  the  deli- 
cate art  of  the  engraver  so  that  the  student 
can  trace  the  development  of  the  engraving 
from  the  first  outline,  to  the  first  undertone 
and  to  the  last  delicate  touch  which  gives 
life  and   colour  to   shadow,   the   treatment 
becomes  freer  and  more  spontaneous,  more 
instinctive — Intuitive  almost — in  the  touch 
until  in  what  we  must  consider  his  master- 
piece— the    Sant'  Andrea   of   Raphael — the 
force    of    line    in    shadow    and    the    strong 
grouping  of  light  even  within  light  gives  an 
impression   of   strength   and   even  majesty 
which  we  cannot  feel  in  confrontation  with 


the  original.  The  objection  may  be  made 
that  this  is  a  weakness  in  the  engraver, 
who  should  transfer  his  subject  to  the 
steel  without  the  impression  of  his  own 
personality,  but  the  art  of  painting  is  not 
the  art  of  engraving  and  each  must  be 
considered  only  in  itself,  in  direct  relation 
to  art.  In  this  art  appreciation  Morghen 
must  take  a  very  high  place. 

The  Settecento  still  remains  to  be  studied 
as  it  should  be  studied,  as  the  century 
which  contributed  more  than  any  Bother 
to  our  modern  appreciation  of  the  subtler, 
more  exquisite  things  in  that  beauty  which 
is  wrongly  considered  as  artificial,  the  beauty 
of  printing,  engraving,  cameos,  furniture, 
lace,  arrazzi — subtle  little  things  leading 
the  mind  to  a  new,  radiant  world  where  the 
vision  rests  in  gratitude  and  the  emotions 
are  stirred  to  a  delicately  gracious  music, 
a  music,  however,  which  has  in  it  an  infinite 
and  even  profound  beauty.  Such  a  music 
hovers  round  the  art  of  Raphael  Morghen. 

HUGH  QUIGLEY. 
Verona. 


IRISH  FAMILY  HISTORY. 

(See  12  S.  iii.  500  ;  vi.  208,  308  ;  vii.  2,  25, 
65,  105,  163,  223,  306,  432  ;  viii.  443.) 

REYNOLDS    OF    COOLBEG, 
CO.    DONEGAL. 

THE  following  pedigree  has  been  compiled 
in  collaboration  with  Mrs.  R.  J.  Reynolds 
of  Ballyshannon,  and  we  are  greatly  indebted 
to  the  late  Sir  E.  Bewley,  Knt.,  of  Dublin,  for 
the  assistance  he  gave  us  by  his  researches 
on  our  behalf  in  the  records  in  Dublin. 

The  Robert  Reynolds  first  mentioned 
below  is  the  earliest  member  of  this  family 
of  whom  I  can  find  any  record.  O'Farrell's 
'  Linea  Antiqua,'  in  Ulster's  Office,  Dublin 
Castle,  contains  an  extensive  pedigree  of  the 
Magrannal  (anglice,  Reynolds)  family,  but 
nothing,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  enabling 
one  to  say  definitely  that  this  Robert 
Reynolds  is  a  member  of  "  such  and  such  " 
a  branch  of  the  Magrannals.  Possibly  a 
further  search  amongst  the  Dublin  records 
might  reveal  a  clue  to  particulars  of  himself 
and  his  ancestors — this  I  am  hoping  to 
undertake  when  able  to  revisit  Dublin. 

Robert  Reynolds  of  Donegal,  in  Co. 
Donegal,  evidently  owned  property  at 
Drumholme,  Co.  Donegal,  and  probably 


12  S.  VIII.  JUNE  25,  1921.]          NOTES    AND     QUERIES. 


503 


lived   there   at    one   period,  as   in   the   Co. 
Donegal  Hearth  Money  Rolls  for  1663  it  is 
stated,     "  Robert     Renolds    in    the    Parish 
of  Drumhome  (the  lower  part),  one  hearth  "  ; 
and     in     the     Roll      for      1665,     "  Robert 
Rannells,  Drumhome  Parish,  twoe  hearths."  j 
The  possession  of  two  hearths  at    this  time  | 
showed  a  good  social  position.     He  died  in- 
testate in  1690,  administration  being  granted 
March  6,  1690,  to  his  son  William  Ronnolds 
of  Donegal,  gent.,  leaving  issue  by  his  wife  i 
Lettice,  whose  maiden  name  I  have  not  so  | 
far  been  able  to  trace  ;  she  died  about  1698,  | 
administration  to  her  estate  being  granted, 
1698,  to  her  son  William  Ronalds,  described  as 
of  Dunboy  or  Donhoy.*    Their  issue  were : — 

William  Reynolds,  of  whom  presently,  and 
John  Reynolds  of  Castlefinn,  Co.  Donegal, 
who  married  ante  1699,  Ann,  dau.  of  William 
Hamilton  of  Lagan  O'Duffe,  Co.  Donegal  (12  | 
S.  vii.  105,  Pedigree  of  Reynolds  of  Castlefinn  i 
and  Dromore,  Co.  Donegal),  and  had  issue. 

William  Reynolds,  the  elder  son,  was  of  | 
Donegal.  An  administration  bond  of  the 
Diocese  of  Raphoe,  dated  Oct.  8, 1717,  entered 
into  on  the  grant  of  letters  of  administra- 
tion to  his  goods  was  given  by  his  widow 
Mary  Reynolds  and  son  Francis. f  He 
married  Mary,  dau.  of  Michael  Hewetson  of 
Ballyshannon,  Co.  Donegal  (see  12  S.  vii.  163, 


*  Administration    Bond    of    William    Ronalds 
or  Reynolds  of  Donhoy  or  Dunboy,  binding  him- 
self in  the  Sum  of  One  Hundred  pounds  Sterling 
to   the    Lord   Bishop    of    Raphoe   to   administer 
the    Goods    and    Chattells    of    Letice    Ronalds.  | 
[No  other  names  of  persons  or  of  property  men- ' 
Honed.]     Dated  this  12th  day  of  October,  1698. 
(Signed)  WILLIAM  RONALDS. 

Witnesses  present : — Thomas  Hamilton,  John 
X  (his  mark)  Cafrey. 

[The  above  document  was  very  difficult  to 
decipher. — H.F.R.] 

t  Diocese  of  Raphoe.  Administration  Bond  of 
Mary  Rannells  and  Ffrancis  Rannells  to  the 
Goods  of  William  Ranolds.  The  conditions  of  this 
obligation  are  such  that  whereas  Letters  of 
Administration  of  the  Goods  and  Chattels  of 
William  Ranolds  late  of  Donegal,  deceased,  is 
Granted  to  Mary  and  Francis  Ranolds,  Ad- 
ministrators of  said  Goods.  If  therefore  the 
said  Mary  and  Francis  do  well  and  truly  ad- 
minister according  to  Law,  by  paying  all  the 
just  debts  due  by  the  Deceased  at  the  time  of 
his  Death,  and  further  do  exhibit  a  full  and  true 
Inventory  of  said  Goods  of  Deceased,  this  obliga- 
tion shall  be  void. 

Given  under  our  hands  this  8th  day  of  October, 
1717. 

(Signed)  MARY  RANXELLS. 

FFRANCIS  RANNELLS. 

Witnesses  : — Robert  Spencer,  John  Stewart. 


Pedigree  of  Hewetson  of  Ballyshannon),  and 
by  her  had  issue  : — 

I.  Laurentine    Reynolds,    bur.    Oct.    22, 
1696  (Drumholme  Registers). 

II.  Francis  Reynolds,  living  in  Donegal  in 
1719,  according  to  a  memorial  of  a  lease  and 
release  dated  June  24  and  25,   1719.*     He 
obtained  a  commission  in  the  Army,  joining 
Major-General  Cope's  Regiment  of  Dragoons 
as    a    Cornet    in    May,    1719 ;    Lieutenant, 
Sept.  15,  1727  ;   Captain-Lieutenant,  June  7, 
1741  ;    Lieutenant -Colonel,   June    20,    1753, 
and  left  in  1756.f      In  The  Dublin  Journal 
of  Tuesday,  July  3,  1753,  is  announced  : — 
"  Promotions. — Francis     Reynolds     to     be 
Lieutenant -Colonel,    Reade's   Regiment." 

He  died  intestate  in  London,  the  announce- 
ment of  his  death  being  given  in  The  London 
Magazine  for  1760,  p.  324,  as  follows : — 
"May  31,  1760,  Col.  Reynolds."  He  was 
buried  in  St.  Margaret's  Churchyard,  West- 
minster, in  the  parish  of  which  he  was  evi- 
dently then  living,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
following  copy  of  the  administration  to  his 
estates,  which  is  filed  in  Somerset  House, 
London  : — "  1760,  Lieut. -Colonel  Francis 
Reynolds,  late  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's, Westminster,  Widower,  granted  to 
William  Reynolds,  the  natural  and  lawful 
son  of  said  deceased,  the  16th  of  June,  1760.?i 
He  married  a  dau.  of  Thomas  Atkinson  (he 
died  1738)  of  Cavangarden,  Co.  Donegal;  I 
do  not,  however,  know  her  Christian  name, 
nor  the  date  of  her  marriage.  She  evidently 
died  some  years  before  her  husband,  as  there 
is  no  mention  of  her  in  any  of  the  later 
records  I  have ;  they  had  issue  an  only 
son  : — 

William  Reynolds,  who  is  described  as  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  will  of  his  great -uncle, 
Michael  Hewetson  of  Ballyshannon,  in  1753 
(see  12  S.  vii.  163,  Pedigree  of  Hewetson 


*  The  following  Memorial  is  filed  in  the 
Registry  of  Deeds  Office,  Dublin  : — 

A   Memorial    of   a    Lease    and 
Release  dated  24  and  25  June, 

24 259 13720.        1719,  between  Francis  Rannolls 

Rannells"  '       of  Donegall  in  Co.  of  Donegall, 

v.  gent.,  of    the    one    part,    and 

Mahon.  William  Mahon  of  the  City  of 

Regd  Aug.  o,  1, 19.     Dubim,  gent.,  of  the  other  part. 

Whereby  Francis   Rannolls  did 

Release    unto    William    Mahon 

the  3  Ballyboes,  viz.,  2  Ballyboes  of  Ballyseggart 

and    one    Ballyboe    of    Mprnvollagh    in    Barony 

of  Boylagh  and  Banagher  in  Co.  of  Donegall. 

(Signed)  FFRANCIS  RANNELLS. 

f  See  'The  English  Army  List  for  1740,'  con- 
tributed by  Lieut. -Colonel  "j.  H.  LESLIE,  12  S. 
vii.  265. 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.  JvNE25,i92i. 


of  Ballyshannon),  and  in  a  memorial  of  a 
lease  dated  March  28,  1764,*  as  of  the  City 
of  Dublin,  late  a  Captain  in  a  Regiment  of 
Foot  ;  but  according  to  a  deed  of  lease 
dated  May  1,  1772,-j-  he  was  then  living  in 
London.  He  died  unmarried  at  Dulwich  in 
Co.  Surrey,  and  was  bur.  in  St.  Margaret's 
Churchyard,  Westminster.  His  will,  dated 
June  27,  1775,  was  proved  Nov.  8,  1775,  in 
the  Prerogative  Court,  Dublin,  i 


*  A  Memorial  of  a  Lease  and 

229 209 150142.     Release      dated      28     and      29 

Reynolds  March,    1764,    between    Samuel 

v.  Mahon  of  City  of  Dublin,  gent., 

Reynolds.  and     Heir-at-law     of     William 

Regd  Mahon,    formerly    of    City    of 

Dublin,  gent.,  deceased,  and 
John  Reynolds  of  Coolebegg  in  Co.  Donegall, 
Esq.,  of  the  one  part,  and  William  Reynolds 
of  City  of  Dublin,  Esq.,  late  a  Captain  in  a 
Regiment  of  ffoot  commanded  by  General  Aber- 
corn,  which  said  William  Reynolds  is  son  and 
Heir-at-law  of  Colonel  Francis  Reynolds,  de- 
ceased, of  the  other  part. 

Refers  to  land  in  Co.  Donegall. 

A   Memorial    of    a    Lease    and 

236—32—150719.      Release    dated   1st   May,   1764, 

Reynolds  between  Captain  William  Rey- 

v.  nolds    of    City   of   Dublin   and 

Montgomery.         Captain  Alexander  Montgomery 

Reg*  of    Mount    Charles    in    Co.    of 

Donegall,  .  .  .  the      Ballyboes 

of  Ballyseggart — and  Ballyboe  of  Meenwollaghan 

in  Barony  of  Boylagh  and  Co.  of  Donegall. 

Witnessed  by  Andrew  Nesbitt  and  Thomas 
Croker  of  City  of  Dublin. 

t  A    Memorial    of    a    Deed    of 

293—9—192935.       Lease     dated    1st    May,     1772, 

Reynolds  between  Captain  William  Rey- 

v.  nolds  of  City  of  London,  Esq., 

Alder.  of  the   one  part,   and  William 

Re8d  Alder    of    Bridgefoot,    City    of 

Dublin,    Timber    Merchant    of 

the  other  part.     William  Reynolds  demised,  &c., 

a  house  in  Chequer  Lane,  and  others. 

J  Prerogative  Will  filed  in  Public  Record jOffice, 
Dublin.  1 

William  Reynolds,  Esq.,  late  of  Arbour  Hill, 
otherwise  Mountpelier,  in  the  City  of  Dublin, 
within  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland,  but  now  residing 
at  Dulwich  in  the  Co.  of  Surrey  in  England. 
I  desire  to  be  buried  in  the  Churchyard  of  St. 
Margaret's,  Westminster,  in  the  Co.  of  Middle- 
sex, as  near  the  remains  of  my  late  Dear  Father 
Francis  Reynolds,  Esq.,  as  possible.  I  give  all 
my  estate  in  Dublin  and  County  of  Donegal 
unto  my  Cousin  William  Reynolds  son  of  my 
late  cousin  William  Reynolds  late  of  London- 
derry (said  son  is  not  married).  My  cousin 

Reynolds,  spinster  (whose  Christian  Name 

I  cannot  recollect)  the  eldest  sister  of  my  said 
cousin  William  Reynolds  the  son.  I  give  to  all 
and  every  the  children  of  my  cousin  John  Rey- 
nolds late  of  Drunmore  in  Co.  of  Donegal  afore- 
said, gentleman,  deceased.  My  lease  from  the 
Primate  of  Ireland  of  Farms,  lands,  &c.,  in 


III.  Robert  Reynolds,  bur.  July   1,  1714, 
i  at  Drumholme  (Par.  Reg.). 

IV.  Mary    Reynolds,    who   is    mentioned 
in  the  list  of   persons  confirmed  by  Bishop 
Synge  (Bishop  of  Raphoe).*     She  married 
Brook  Chambers  of  Letter kenny,  Co.Donegal, 
as  his  second  wif  e,f  but  had  no  issue  by  him. 
The  announcement  of  his  death  is  thus  given 
in  The  Dublin  Journal  for  Tuesday,  Nov.  13, 
1759  : — "Last  Friday,  deservedly  lamented, 
at  his  Seat  in  the  Co.  of  Donegall,  Brook 

!  Chambers,  Esq."     Will,  dated  April  30,  1755, 
|  was  proved  April  21,  1760,  by  his  widow. * 

j  Killeneal   in   Co.    Tyrone.     My  aunt   Mrs.   Mary 
i  Chambers  of  Londonderry,  widow. 

Dated  this  27th  day  of  June,  1775. 

(Signed)  WILLIAM  REYNOLDS. 

Proved  8th  November,  1775,  in  the  Prero- 
gative Court,  Dublin. 

*  From  the  Parochial  Returns  of  Drumholni, 
now  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  Dublin,  amongst 
which  is  a  Confirmation  Return,  endorsed 
"  Drumholm  and  Killinard,  persons  confirmed 
by  Bp.  Synge."  It  first  gives  a  list  of  32  persons 
from  the  Parish  of  Killinard.  This  is  followed 
by  109  names  from  the  Parish  of  Drumholm, 
and  amongst  the  latter  appear : — "  William 
Reynolds,  Mary  Reynolds,  John  Montgomery, 
Robert  Reynolds,"  and  after  an  interval  of  about 
80  names  : — "  Michael  Reynolds.  William  Rey- 
nolds, Mary  Reynolds,  Laurentine  Reynolds, 
&c.,  &c."  As  Edward  Synge,  D.D.,  Chancellor 
of  St.  Patricks,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Raphoe  on  Nov.  7,  1714,  and  was  appointed 
Archbishop  of  Tuam  by  patent  dated  June  8th, 
1716,  the  Confirmation  referred  to  must  have 
taken  place  between  those  two  dates. 

[I  am  indebted  to  the  late  Sir  E.  Bewley,  Knt. 
for  the  foregoing  note. — H.  F.  R.] 

f  By  his  first  wife  Lottice  McNeill  he  had 
issue  : — (i.)  Daniel  Chambers,  whose  name  appears 
in  The  Dublin  Journal  of  Tuesday,  Jan.  11,  1763, 
thus :— "  High  Sheriffs  for  1763.  Co.  Donegal,  Daniel 
Chambers  of  Rockhill,  Esq."  (ii.)  Ann  Chambers, 
(iii.)  Catherine  Chambers,  (iv.)  Fanny  Chambers. 

J  I  Brook  Chambers  of  Letterkenny,  Co.  of 
Donegal.  I  desire  to  be  buried  in  the  Church 
of  Locke  (?).  To  my  wife.  My  children  Daniell, 
Ann,  Catherine,  Fany.  Nine  pounds  sterling  to 
be  paid  yearly  by  Colonel  Reynolds  and  John 
i  Reynolds,  Esq.,  to  my  wife  during  life  being  the 
interest  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  in  their 
hands,  which  with  fifty  now  paid  was  given  as  a 
marriage  portion  to  my  wife  by  Michl  Hewetson, 
Esq.,  deceased.  I  order  my  exors  to  pay  two 
hundred  pounds  sterling  to  my  dau.  Ann,  and 
|  two  hundred  pounds  sterling  to  my  dau.  Fanny 
as  may  appear  that  I've  a  power  to  do  by  settle- 
ment of  Marriage  with  Lottice  McNeill. 

Dated  30th  December,   1755. 

(Signed)  BROOK  CHAMBERS. 

Proved  21st  April,  1760,  by  Mary  Chambers 
the  widow. 

Memorand  : — Mr.   William  Reynolds  of  Derry 
and  Lovet  Reynolds  are  ye  witnesses  to    ... 
...  I  left  among  my  papers  at  Rock  Hill. 

[Raphoe  Diocese,  Letterkenny  Will,   1760.] 


i2  s.  vm.  JUNE  25, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


V.  Michael  Reynolds,  bapt,  June  29,  1699, 
at  Drumholme  (Par.  Reg.),  confirmed  by 
Bishop  Synge,  1714/16  (Parochial  Returns), 
and  died  ante  1745.*  He  married,  but  I  do 
not  know  his  wife's  name,  and  by  her  had 
issue  an  only  son  and  several  daughters,  of 
whom,  however,  I  have  no  record.  The  son, 
William  Reynolds,  a  minor  in  1745,  ac- 
cording to  a  sequestration  bond  dated 
Feb.  18,  1745,*  was  a  merchant  of  the  City 
of  Londonderry,  being  so  described  in  the 
will  of  Michael  Hewetson  of  Ballyshannon, 
in  1753.  He  died  ante  July,  1772,  the  letters 
of  administration  to  his  estates,  bearing 
date  July  8,  1772,  being  granted  to  his  wife 
Anne,  and  she  dying  ante  July,  1776,  a  bond 
to  administer  the  estate,  bearing  date 

*  Diocese  of  Baphoe,  Sequestration  Bond, 
1745. 

Sequestration  Bond  of  John  Beynolds  and 
William  Magill  dated  18th  February,  1745.  Know 
all  men  by  these  presents  that  we  John  Beynolds 
of  Coolbeg  in  the  County  of  Donegal  and  William 
Magill  of  Baphoe  County  of  Donegal  Are  holden 
and  firmly  bound  unto  the  Bight  Bevd  Willam 
Lord  Bishop  of  Baphoe,  and  his  Successors  in 
the  just  and  full  sum  of  Five  Hundred  pounds 
to  be  paid  to  the  said  Lord  Bishop,  or  his  Suc- 
cessors, Bishops  of  Baphoe,  to  the  which  payment 
well  and  truly  to  be  made,  we  bind  us  and  every 
of  us,  our  Executors,  Administrators  and  Assigns 
jointly  and  severally  firmly  bound  by  these 
presents.  Sealed  with  out  Seals  this  18th  day 
of  February,  1745. 

The  Condition  of  this  obligation  is  such  that 
if  the  above  bounden  John  Beynolds  Guardian 
and  Tutor  of  William  Beynolds  a  minor  and 
son  of  Michael  Beynolds,  deceased,  do  well  and 
truly  make  or  cause  to  be  made,  a  true  and 
perfect  account  of  all  and  singular,  the  Goods 
Chattels  and  Credits  belonging  to  the  said 
Minor,  which  have  and  shall  come  into  his  hand 
or  possession,  or  into  the  hands  or  possession 
of  any  other  person  or  persons  for  him,  and  the 
same  so  made  do  exhibit  or  cause  to  be  exhibited 
into  the  Begistry  of  the  Diocese  of  Baphoe, 
when  it  shall  be  lawfully  required,  and  all  the 
rest  and  residue  of  the  said  Goods  Chattels  and 
•Credits  which  shall  be  found,  remaining  upon 
the  said  Minor's  account,  the  same  being  first 
examined  and  allowed  of  by  the  Judge  or  Judges 
for  the  time  being  of  the  said  Court  shall  deliver 
or  pay  unto  such  person  or  persons,  as  the  said 
Judge  or  Judges  by  his  or  their  Decree  or  Sen- 
tence shall  apportion. 

If  the  said  John  Beynolds  above  bounden, 
being  thereunto  required  do  render  and  deliver 
a  just  and  true  account  of  his  Guardianship, 
Approbation  of  which  being  first  had  and  made 
in  the  said  Court,  then  this  obligation  to  be 
void  and  of  no  effect  or  else  to  remain  in  full 
force  and  Virtue  in  Law. 

(Signed)  JOHN  BEYXOLDS. 

Signed  in  the  presence  of  John  Lamy,  Frans 
Harper. 


July  26,  1776,*  was  given  by  Mathew 
Rutherford,  who  also  gave  a  bond  bearing 
the  same  date  to  truly  administer  the  estate 
of  the  said  Anne  Reynolds,  then  deceased. | 

He  married  Anne  (but  I  cannot  trace 

her  maiden  name)  and  had  issue  : — 

i.  William  Reynolds,  mentioned  in  the 
will  of  Captain  William  Reynolds  of  Dul- 
wich,  dated  June  27,  1775,  as  then  un- 
married ;  also  mentioned  in  his  sister  Re- 
becca's marriage  articles,  dated  Jan.  21,  1777. 
Administration  (bond  dated  Dec.  13,  1791, J 


*  Bond  of  William  Beynolds  of  Derry.  Know 
all  men  by  these  presents  that  we  Mathew 
Butherford  of  the  City  of  Londonderry,  Esquire, 
John  Coningham  and  Samuel  Montgomery  both 
of  said  City,  Merchants,  are  firmly  bound  xinto 
Frederick  Lord  Bishop  of  Derry  in  the  full  sum 
of  Five  Hundred  pounds  sterling.  Dated  26th 
July,  1776,  the  condition  of  this  obligation 
is  such  that  if  the  above  Mathew  Butherford, 
Administrator  of  all  the  Goods  and  Chattells 
of  William  Beynolds  Administered  by  Anne  his 
Wife  do  make  a  true  Inventory  of  all  Goods  and 
Chattells  of  said  William  Beynolds  which  shall 
come  into  the  Hands  of  said  Mathew  Butherford, 
and  the  same  do  exhibit  it  before  the  26th  day 
of  October  next  this  obligation  shall  be  void. 
(Signed)  MATHEW  BUTHERFORD. 
JNO.  CONINGHAM. 
SAMUEL  MONTGOMERY. 

Witness  : — Eneas  Murray,  Not.  Pub. 

f  Anne  Beynolds  of  Derry,  Dio.  of  Derry. 
Bond. 

Know    all    men    by    these    presents    that    we 
Mathew  Butherford  of  the  City  of  Londonderry, 
Esq.,  John  Conyngham  and  Samuel  Montgomery, 
both   of   said   City,   merchants,    are   holden   and 
bound  unto  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Derry  in  the  sum 
of    Five    Hundred    pounds    sterling    dated    this 
26th  July,   1776,  the  condition  of  this  obligation 
is    such    that    if    the    above     bounden     Mathew 
Butherford    Administrator    of    the    Goods    and 
Chattells  of  Anne  Beynolds,  deceased,  do  make 
a  true   Inventory  of  the  same  before  the    26th 
day  of  October  next  this  obligation  shall  be  void. 
(Signed)  MATHEW  BUTHERFORD. 
JNO.  CONINGHAM. 
SAML.  MONTGOMERY. 

Signed  in  the  presence  of  Eneas  Murray,  Not. 
Pub. 

%  Administration  Bond  of  the  Goods  of  William 
Beynolds,  gent.,  deceased,  of  the  City  of  London- 
derry, dated  the  13th  day  of  December  1791. 
The  conditions  of  this  obligation  are  such  that  if 
the  within  bounden  Ninian  Boggs  Administrator 
of  all  and  singular  the  Goods  Chattels  and  Credits 
of  William  Beynolds  late  of  the  City  of  London- 
derry, deceased,  do  make  or  cause  to  be  made 
a  true  and  perfect  Inventory  of  all  and  singular 
the  Goods  Chattels  and  Credits  of  the  said 
William  Beynolds,  deceased,  which  have  or  shall 
come  to  the  Hands  of  the  said  Ninian  Boggs  or 
unto  the  hands  or  possession  of  any  person  for 
his  use,  and  the  same  so  made  do  exhibit  in  the 
Begistry  of  the  Diocese  of  Derry  on  or  before 


506 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[i2S.vm. 


administration      granted 


and     letters     of 
April  28,  1792. 

ii.  Rebecca  Reynolds.  Marriage  articles 
dated  Jan.  21,  1777*  ;  was  married  to 
Mathew  Rutherford  of  the  City  of  London- 
derry. 

iii.  Anne  Reynolds. 

iv.  Mary  Reynolds. 

v.  Penelope  Reynolds. 

vi.  Sarah  Reynolds. 


the  last  day  of  March  next  ensuing,  all  Goods 
Chattels  and  Credits  of  the  said  deceased  at  the 
time  of  his  death  and  he  the  said  Ninian  Boggs 
shall  well  and  truly  administer  according  to 
Law  when  he  shall  be  thereunto  lawfully  required 
to  do  so. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that  we 
Ninian  Boggs  of  the  City  of  Londonderry,  gent., 
and  Alexander  Major  of  said  City,  Merchant, 
are  holden  and  firmly  bound  to  the  Most  Revd 
Father  in  God,  Frederick  by  divine  permission 
Lord  Bishop  of  Derry,  in  the  sum  of  Six  hundred 
pounds  of  good  and  lawful  Money  of  Great 
Britain,  to  be  paid  to  the  said  Most  Revd  Father- 
in  God,  or  his  certain  Attorney,  Successors  or 
Assigns,  for  which  payment  well*  and  truly  to  be 
made,  we  bind  ourselves  and  every  of  us  for  the 
whole  our  Heirs  Executors  and  "Administrators 
firmly  by  these  presents.  Sealed  with  our  Seals 
this  13th  day  of  December  1791. 

(Signed)  NINIAN  BOGGS. 

ALEXANDER  MAJOR. 

Witnesses  present  : — Brut  Donagh  jr.,  Robert 
Stewart. 

[Diocese  of  Derry.  Admon.  Bonds.  Public 
Record  Office,  Dublin.] 

*  Extract  from  a  Memorial  in  the  Registrv  of 
Deeds  Office,  Dublin  : — 

A     Memorial     of     Articles     of 


vn.  Berkly  Reynolds,  unmarried  in  1791, 
according  to  a  deed  of  conveyance  executed 
by  her  and  dated  July  20,  1791.* 

HENBY  FITZGERALD  REYNOLDS. 
(To  be  continued.) 


345—92—232285. 
Reynolds 

Venables. 

Uegd  15  June  1782. 


II 


Agreement  dated  21st  January 
1777,  between  Mathew  Ruther- 
ford of  City  of  Londonderry, 
Esq.,  of  the  first  part,  Rebecca 
Reynolds  of  said  City,  spinster 
daughter  of  William  Reynolds 
late  of  said  City,  Merchant,  deceased,  of  the  second 
art,  Thomas  Venables  and  Andrew  Ferguson 
oth  of  said  City,  Esqs.,  of  the  third  part.  A 
Marriage  to  be  had  and  solemnized  between  said 
Mathew  and  Rebecca.  .  .  .  Town  and  Lands  of 
Desertderins  ...  in  Co.  Antrim.  One  un- 
divided sixth  part  of  Farm  Tenement  and 
Suarterland  called  Tullogh  situate  in  Co. 
onegall,  .  .  .  and  the  said  Deed  also  recited 
that  the  said  Rebecca  Reynolds  on  the  death  of 
William  Reynolds  her  Brother  without  issue 
under  the  Will  of  William  Reynolds  late  of  the 
City  of  London,  Esq.,  deceased,  late  Captain  in 

4-Vk^.    f"Klrt  «  K1    T>  « : — .         .     _£    TTI A.  •  i  •• 


the  [blank]  Regiment  of  Foot 


in  case  the 


said   Rebecca  Reynolds  should  survive  the  said 


William  Reynolds 


and  failing  such  Issue 


and  subject  to  such  Limitations  as  aforesaid 
then  the  said  Estate  to  go  to  and  Descend  to 
Anne  Reynolds,  Mary  Reynolds,  Penelope  Rey- 
nolis,  Sarah  Reynolds  and  Barkly  Reynolds 
sisters  of  the  said  Rebecca  Reynolds.  ' 


ALDEBUEGH. 

EXTRACTS   FROM   CHAMBERLAINS' 
ACCOUNT-BOOK. 

1625-1649. 

(See  ante,  pp.  163,  224,  265,  305,  343, 
387,  426,  463.) 

16     PAYMENTS.     35 

ABOUT  1634/5  considerable  correspondence 
takes  place  about  the  new  process  for  mak- 
ing salt,  and  on  Feb.  13,  1634/5  a  Petition  is 
read  before  the  Council  from  Sir  Richard 
Brooke  and  others  for  a  monopoly  for  salt- 
works for  making  salt  from  sea-water ;  with 
the  answers  of  Aldeburgh,  Dunwich,  South- 
wold  and  Walberswick.  The  process  was  by 
evaporation,  and  the  curious  word  "pattine" 
suggests  a  derivation  from  the  Latin  "  patina." 
To  Thomas  Payne  his  quarters  wags  for 

keepinge  the  worke  house  due  then  1  00  00 
pd  for  2  gould  weights  and  some  graines  for 

the  town  scales  . .  . .          . .        0  00  08 

To    Thomas  Andrews  for  whitinge   the    two 

South  vies  of  the  Church  . .  . .  0  10  00 
Geven  to  the  Kings  players  . .  . .  0  17  00 
pd  Jo  :  Cossie  for  a  newe  windowe  out  of  the 

leads  into  the  steeple  . .  . .        0  02  OS 

more  for  2  posts  for  staves  for  the  gates  in  the 


Church  porch 


pd  widd  Bardwell  for  diet  and  wine  at  the 


0  01  06 


Lords  Court 


0  17  10 


*  Extract  from  a  Deed  of  Conveyance  filed  in 
the  Registry  of  Deeds  Office,  Dublin  : — 

A  Deed  of  Conveyance  bearing 
date  the  20th  of  July  1791, 
between  Henry  Edward  Mac- 
Neil  of  Magillagan  in  Co.  of 
Londonderry,  gent.,  of  the  first 
part,  Miss  Berkly  Reynolds 
one  of  the  daughters  of  William 
of  said  City,  Merchant,  de- 


445—465—287314. 
Reynolds 

Lecky. 


Reynolds     late 


ceased,  of  the  second  part,  Mathew  Rutherford, 
Samuel  Montgomery  and  Alexander  Scott,  Exors. 
named  in  the  last  Will  and  Testament  of  Mary 
Chambers  late  of  the  said  City,  widow,  deceased, 
of  the  third  part.  Whereas  Berkly  Reynolds 
with  the  consent  of  said  Mathew  Rutherford, 
Samuel  Montgomery  and  Alexander  Scott  con- 
veyed, &c.,  to  said  William  Lecky  and  Alexander 
Major  all  that  one  undivided  fifth  part  of  ... 
'various  lands  named)  ...  in  co.  Tyrone. 

Witnessed    by  Peter   McDonough   and   Ninian 
Boggs  both  of  City  of  Londonderry,  gents. 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  25,  i92i.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


507 


More  to  her  for  diet  and  wine  when  Sr  Anthonie          I  Paid  Robt  Smith  for  worke  in  the  marshe 
wingfield  was   in  Towne  about   his  roilty  and    about    the    stayres    goeing    into    the 

January  . .          . .          . .          . .        1  12  00 \       Churchyard  and  for  timber  and  nailes    00  02  00 

More  to  her  for  diet  and  wine  the  Prest  mais-          I  Paid  Mr  Parke  the  Phisition  for  Phissick  for 

ters  beinge  in  towne  the  first  tyme ..        0  17  00        John  Garnham  00  15  03 

To  George  Nun  for  a  Canvis  cassack  for  Jack- 
son             00  01  08 

Paid  Robt  Fowler  money  for  looking  to  the 

clock  and  for  killing  owles    . .          . .      00  10  00 
Paid   unto    Willm    Baldwine   for   diet   and 
wine  and  tobacko  when  Sr  Thomas  Glem- 


More  to  her  for  diet  and  wine  at  there  re- 

turne  from  lyne         . .          . .          . .        0  19  00 

More  to  her  for  diet  and  wine  when  Sr  Thomas 

Glemham  Sr  Rodger  North  Captaine  Duke 

and   other   gentlemen   were   in   Towne   to 

take  muster  of  men  May  24 ..          . .        3  06  06 
More  to  her  diet  and  wine  and  horsesmeat  ham    and    Captaine    woodhouse     were    in 

when  mr  dicks  mr  Scrivener  mr  Gooch  and  Towne  to  Muster  the  soldiers          . .      03  09  06 

mr  Alexander  were  in  towne  May*  2  7        3  17  00   More  to  him  for  diet  wine  and  Oysters  on  the 
More  to  her  for  wine  and  horsemeat  when 

Mr  Secretary  Cooks  Secretary  and  Mr  Elliot 

was  in  towne 0  11  02 

pd  for  sizinge  of  2  water  bushells          . .        0  01  00 
Geven  to  Mr  Dugdale  for  preaching   on  the 

Election  day. .          . .          . .  . .        0  10  00 

pd  for  diet  and  lodgmge  for  10  flemyngs  that 

came  with  a  passe  which  were  taken  by 

one  of  his  Maties  Shipps       . .  . .        0  05  00    Paid  to  the  Collectos  for  the  Shipp  for  his 

Geven  to  the  Players  that  they  might  not  Mats  service     levied     upon     the     Towne 

play o  06  08        lands ..          . .      00  06  00 

Geven  Thomas   Smith   towards   his   meanes          j  pd  the  Constables  for  a  horse  hyre  to  carry 

for  goeinge  with  his  bell  in  winter  for  his  a  poore  woman  out  of  town ..          ..      00  00  06 

watche  . .          . .  1  00  00\  Paid    widowe    Bardwell   for    diet   and    wine 


Eleccon  day . .  09  18  08 

pd  Richard  Chapman  for  beating  the  drum 

thre      sevall      da  yes      on     or      trayninge 

daies 00  03  00 

More  to  him  of  old  debt  for  beating  the  drum 

to  set  the  watche 00  05  00 

pd  for  ringing  on  the  fifth  of  November  : 

viz:  gun  powder  treason       ..          ..      00  02  00 


Paid  Thomas  Murford  the  Smith  for  trimynge 
the  Clock,  for  irons  for  the  Church  yard  gates 
and  for  trimyng  a  lock  for  the  Channsell 
dore 0  04  05 

pd  Richard  Browne  the  money  that  was 
assessed  upon  the  Towne  lands  towards  the 
Shipp  for  his  Mats  service  . .  . .  0  04  00 

To  George  Nun  for  baies  lace  and  silke  for  a 


coller  for  the  Towne  drum  . 


0  02  09 


pd  mr  Squier  Bence  for  chargs  in  attendinge 
at  the  Counsell  table  concernynge  the  pat- 
tine  for  salt  . .  . .  . .  ..  5  12 

pd  Mr  Baylift  Ripine  for  chargs  attendinge 
at  the  Counsell  table  concernyng  the  pat- 


tine  for  salt 


9  00  00 


16    PAYMENTS.     36 


The  typical  East  Anglian  font  remains  in 
the  church,  but  no  longer  requires  a  "lyne." 
The  cover  disappeared  probably  a  few  years 
later  when  the  narrow-minded  iconoclast 


when  the  Pressemasters  were  in 
Towne  00  17  00 

More  to  her  for  diet  and  wine  when  Captaine 
Johnson  came  ashore  for  Pilates  for  his 
Mats  Shipps 00  17  00 

More  for  wine  and  diet  when  Lord  Banyngs, 
Lord  Newarke,  Sir  Tho  :  Glemham  and  other 
gentlemen  were  in  town  August  1 0.  09  19  00 

Paid  Mr  John  wall  for  a  last  and  half  of 
salted  spratts  to  send  the  Earle  of  Arun- 
dell  and  Capt.  Raidon  &  the  carriage  02  08  09 

Paid  for  23  cuple  of  large  lings  at  4s.  p. 
cuple  to  send  the  Earle  of  Arundell  and 
Capt.  Raidon  04  12  00 

Paid  for  matts  to  lay  to  and  about  the  rayles 
in  the  Channcell  . .  . .  . .  00  03  08 

Paid  for  six  sugar  loaves  for  the  Townes 
use 02  01  08 

16    PAYMENTS,     37  i 

The  renewing  of  the  Charter  was  a  very 
expensive   matter,   the   sum   of    £35   being 

« xj ^ ,1        nPi^  *    /~it_  K^.J _j  'n     • .  j        •        j  i 


wir        T^        •          •  -i  j  ^i_       11 i —  expensive   iimu,er,    wie   sum    or    xoo    ueins 

WiUiam  Dowsing ,  visited  the  church .and  re-  expended.     The  Charter  still  exists   in   thf 

Jan    the'Y^^  Hal1  and  is   date^  April  6,   1637,   13 

..  —  i*  pri^ 


m        MI  -    T 

To  willm  Lawrence  for  a  lyne  for  the  clock 

Paid  (Sarteswame  ,or  remoVinge'ihe  scats'3 


Paid    Willm    Lawrence   for   a    rope   for   the 
Markett  bell  .  -  00  01  00 


00  12  00 

Paid  Mr  John  wall  money  that  he  paid  at 
London  to  Mr  John  Browne  concernyng 
the  charge  of  renueinge  the  Charter  the 

some  of       . .  20  00  00 

pd  for  a  Cart  to  carry  two  ould  people  that 
were  sent  to  Towne  with  a  passe  . .  00  00  08 


05  00 

\  Paid   mr   Rich   :     Topclife   for   lactage   and 
herbage  for  the  yeere  1636    ..  ..      01  06  08 

More    to    him    for    Clarks    wags    for    that 
year     . .          . .          . .          . .          ..      02  00  00 

for   Keeping  of  the   Regester  for  the  yeere 
1636 .  .  . .      00  05  00 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2avra.jt-wM.i9M. 


Paid  unto  John  Insent  for  writing  of  sen- 
tences of  scripture  upon  the  walls  of  the 
Church  02  10  00  \ 

To  John  Cooper  for  3  flaggon  potts  for  the 
Church  . .  . .  . .  . .  01  07  00 

To  willm  dinyngton  for  meating  of  the 
towne  Bull  3  weeks  and  3  daies  &  for 
looking  to  him  . .  . .  . .  00  03  00 

Paid  for  10c  2ar  161bs  of  lead  for  the 
steeple  05  10  00 

for  freight  to  bring  it  from  London      . .      00  02  00 

To  John  Dowe  for  a  newe  lock  for  the  Chann- 
cell  dore  . .  00  05  00 

More  to  him  for  a  newe  key  for  the  Church 
dore . .  00  01  04 

Paid  Mr  Tho  :  Johnson  money  that  he  laid 
out  towards  the  charge  of " renewing  the 
Charter  ..  ..  ..  ..  17  00  00 

16     FINES  ANDJ)EFAULTES.     38 

Of  Mr   Arthur  Blowers  for   takinge  shingle 
ballist  . .  . .  . .  . .        0  03  04 

Of  Mr  Squier  Bence  for  his  default  for  not 
wearinge    his   gowne    to    Church    upon    a 
Saboath  day  contrary  to  an  order  in  that 
case  made  &  pvided  . .          . .          . .        0  05  00 

Of  Mr  John  Bence  for  the  like  . .        0  05  00 

Of  Mr  John  Blowers  for  the  like  . .        0  05  00 

Of  Willm  Shrimpes  for  a  fine  for  his  free- 
dome  . .  . .  . .  . .  1  10  00 

16     RENTES.     38 

Becvd  of  Mr  Alexander  Bence  April  20th 
1639  money  recvd  of  Sr  John  Mildruni  for 
halfe  a  yeeres  rent  for  the  light  house  due 
at  St  Michaell  1638  the  some  ot  . .  15  00  00 


Becyd    for     hoggs   runynge    abroad   in   the 
streets  0  02  08 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 
Aldeburgh,  Suffolk. 

(To  be  continued.} 


Loms  DE  ROUGEMENT. — The  Evening 
News  of  June  10  states  that  :• — 

A  man  named  Louis  Redmond,  better  known 
as  Louis  de  Bougemont,  died  late  last  night  in 
the  Kensington  Infirmary.  .  .  .  He  lived 
at  an  address  in  Queen's-gate  Gardens,  Kensing- 
ton, S.W.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  infirmary 
a  few  days  ago. 

Many  readers  will  remember  the  hoax 
he  played,  and  the  wonderful  story  he 
wrote  about  his  adventures  among  Austra- 
lian aborigines,  &c.,  which  appeared  in 
some  magazine  in  1898.  The  newspaper 
report  proceeds  : — 

De  Bougemont's  real  name  was  Henry  (Henri  ?) 
Louis  Grin,  one  who  knew  his  family  told  a 
Daily  Mail  reporter.  He  was  born  at  Gressy, 
a  village  in  the  Canton  de  Vaud,  French  Switzer- 
land, on  November  9,  1847. 

I  cannot  find  this  village  on  the  large 
scale  map  of  the  above  canton.  I  lived 


in  the  canton  for  nearly  six  years  and  made 
many  walking  tours  in  the  same.  It  is 
possible  that  it  may  be  some  small  hamlet 
near  Rougement,  in  the  Pays  d'Enhaut. 

The  Times  of  June  15,  under  'News  in 
Brief,'  has  the  following  paragraph : — 

Louis  de  Rougemont  was  buried  at  Kensal 
Green  Boman  Catholic  Cemetery  yesterday. 
The  inscription  on  the  coffin  gave  his  name  aa 
"Louis  Bedman"  and  his  age  as  74. 

I  give  this  note,  as,  in  the  future,  some- 
body may  desire  information. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAZM. 

Loxley  House,  Woking. 

CHEESE  SUPPLIED  TO  THE  ARMY,  1650-1. — 
It  appears  from  the  '  Calendar  of 
State  Papers  '  that  the  Army  in  Ireland 
and  Scotland  at  this  period  was  supplied 
with  Cheshire  and  Suffolk  cheeses,  sup- 
plemented by  Dutch  cheese. 

Among  the  payments  recorded  are  the 
following : — 

April  16,  1650. — "  15  tons  of  Cheshire  cheese 
for  the  army  in  Ireland,"  with  the  note  : — •"  It  is 
necessary  to  hasten  over  the  cheese,  it  being  a 
perishable  commodity." 

Dec.  2,  1)550. — The  last  moiety  of  120  tons 
of  Suffolk  cheese  for  the  Army  in  Scotland. 

Dec.  9,  1650. — In  part  for  300  tons  of  Cheshire 
cheese  for  the  Army  in  Scotland. 

May  7,   1651. — 300  tons  Cheshire  cheese. 

April  2,  1651. — 100  tons  Cheshire  cheese  and 
100  tons  Suffolk  cheese. 

May  5,   1651. — 100  tons  Cheshire  cheese. 

June  19,  1651. — 100  tons  Cheshire  cheese 
and  100  tons  Suffolk  cheese. 

July  1,  1651. — 330  tons  Cheshire  cheese. 

This  list  is  incomplete,  the  '  Calendar 
of  State  Papers  '  having  only  been  glanced 
through,  but  it  indicates  that  at  that  period 
a  good  supply  of  Cheshire  and  Suffolk 
cheeses  was  available. 

R.  HEDGER  WALLACE. 

THE  PSEUDONYM  "  JACOB  LARWOOD." — * 
In  my  article  on  this  subject  (12  S.  vii. 
441)  I  said  that  I  had  been  unable  to 
identify  L.  R.  Sadler,  stated  by  certain 
bibliographers  to  be  the  real  name  of  "  Jacob 
Larwood." 

I  am  now  informed  by  Mme.  Guyot  that 
her  step -brother,  Van  Schevichaven,  had 
adopted  this  name  as  a  pseudonym  before 
finally  fixing  on  "  Jacob  Larwood." 

Mme.  Guyot  still  remembers  Van  Sche- 
vichaven's  surprise  and  indignation  at 
Hotten's  assumption  of  joint-authorship  of 
'  The  History  of  Sign-boards,'  and  she 


12  S.  VIII.  JUNE  25,  1921.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


509 


challenges  Hotten's  statement  that  this 
work  was  two  years  in  the  press. 

I  am  unable  to  understand  why  Van 
Schevichaven  made  no  public  protest  and 
allowed  Hotten  to  publish  his  other  English 
books.  LAWRENCE  F.  POWELL. 

Oxford . 

AMERICAN  EDITIONS  OF  GRAY'S  '  ELEGY.'— 
The  first    American    edition    is    now   very 
scarce.     It  was  published  in  Philadelphia  in 
1786,   thirty -five    years    after   the    London  j 
edition,  and  bears  the  following  imprint  :• —  I 
"  Philadelphia.     Printed  and  sold  by  Robert 
Aitken,  at  Pope's   Head,  in  Market  Street,: 
1786."      It  was   issued  in   connexion   with 
Blair's  poem  "The  Grave,"  the  two  together ! 
in   one   insignificant    volume,   more   like   a  | 
pamphlet  than  a  book.     The  *  Elegy '  proper  I 
filled  five  small  pages  in  the  smallest  type,  | 
and  was  disfigured  with  some  typographical  j 
errors.     The  commonest  circular  would  now  j 
make   a   better   appearance.      It   is   highly 
prized   and   eagerly   sought    by    collectors. 
I  have  seen  but  two  or  three  copies  in  the 
last  twenty-five  years. 

The  next  American  edition  was  published 
in  Wilmington,  Delaware,  in  1803,  and  this 
also  not  separately,  but  with  other  poems  of 
lesser  note.  HOWARD  EDWARDS. 

2026,  Mt.  Vernon  Street, 

Philadelphia,  U.S.A. 

THE  RHINE  REGARDED  AS  A  FRENCH 
RIVER. — The  following  lines  of  a  eulogistic 
poem  on  the  poet  and  fabulist  Gellert, 
written  by  the  learned  German  poet,  Michael 
Denis,  are  to  be  found  in  the  last  volume 
of  Gellert 's  works  in  10  volumes  published 
at  Leipzig  in  1775,  shortly  after  his  death. 
They  show  that,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
writer,  the  Rhine  was  as  much  a  French 
river  as  the  Po  was  an  Italian  one. 

The  poet,  says  Denis,  among  other  things, 
hears  the  children  of  the  foreigners  on  the 
Rhine  and  the  Po  repeat  his  precepts  in  their 
languages*  and  bless  Germany,  to  whom  Heaven 
a  Gellert  gave. 

In  the  original : — • 

Und  horet  die  Kinder  der  Fremden 

Am  Rhein  und  am  Po 

In  ihren  Zungent  seine  Lehren  wiederholen 
Und  Deutschland  segnen,  dem  der  Himmel 
Einen  Gellert  gab. 

W.  H.  DAVID. 
46,  Cambridge  Road,  Battersea  Park,  S.W.ll. 


DUBLIN  STREET  AND  PLACE  NAMES  (see 
11    S.    vii.    285;    xi.    416).— The     following 
changes  are  worthy  of  record : — • 
Back  Lane  formerly    Rochelle  Lane. 


Crow  Street 
Dorset  St.,  Lr. 
Drumcondra  Rd.,  Lr. 
Essex  St.  W. 
Exchange  St.,  Lr. 
Findlater's  PL 
Herbert  Park 
Kildare  Street 
Kiltiernan 
Merrion  PI. 
Mount  Street 
Oakley  Rd. 
Palmerston  Rd. 
Rosemarv  Ln. 


South  St.  George's 

Street 

Townsend  Street 
Victoria  and  Al- 
bert Edge. 


Crow's  Nest. 

Big  Tree  Ln. 

Drumcondra  Ln. 

Smock  Alley. 

Blind  Quay. 

Gregg's  Ln. 

The  Doctor's  Walk. 

Coote  Street. 

Golden-ball. 

Lacy's  Ln. 

Gallows  Hill. 

Cullenswood  Av. 

Bloody  Fields. 

Longstick,  Love- 
stokes  or  Wood- 
stock Ln. 

George's  Ln. 
Loway  Hill. 

Barrack  Bdge. 

J.  ARDAGH. 


*  In  French  and  Italian  translations. 
t  In  franzosischen  und  italienischen  Uebersetz- 
ungen. 


(Suenes. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


HORSE-RIDING  RECORDS. — A  reperusal 
of  '  The  Three  Musketeers  '  series  has  led 
me  to  wonder  what  records  have  been 
actually  made  by  riders  on  a  single  horse, 
when  long  distances  had  to  be  covered  as 
quickly  as  possible.  Something  would 
depend,  of  course,  on  the  nature  of  the  ground 
traversed  and  the  question  whether  the 
horse  was  done  up  rfor  good  afterwards  or 
actually  fell  dead  at  the  end.  I  do  not  know 
the  minimum  of  rest  required  for  man  and 
animal  on  a  long  journey,  or  the  average 
distance  that  a  good  rider  of  moderate 
weight  can  do  for  more  than  one  day  run- 
ning on  ground  that  may  be  called  normal 
in  its  hills  and  surface.  I  believe  there 
was  a  famous  ride  from  Berlin  to  Vienna, 
but  I  have  forgotten  the  details. 

HIPPOCLIDES. 

'  NECK  OR  NOTHING  '  :  AUTHOR  WANTED. 
— I  shall  be  glad  if  any  reader  would  inform 
me  of  the  author  of  the  following  book  : — 

'  Neck  or  Nothing :  A  Consolatory  Letter 
from  Mr.  D-nt-n  to  Mr.  C-rll  upon  his  being 
Tost  in  a  Blanket.'  Sold  by  Charles  King  in 
Westminster  Hall,  MDCCXVI.  Price  4d. 

CLEMENT  SHORTER. 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2-s.vm. JUNE 25, 1021. 


FLAG  FLOWN  ON  ABMISTICE  DAY. — I  am 
anxious  to  discover  the  origin  of  a  flag  that 
was  flying  in  London  on  a  Government 
building  during  Armistice  Day.  It  has 
wavy  blue  lines  on  a  white  field.  I  have 
been  told  that  it  is  the  flag  of  one  of  the  old 
companies  of  Merchant  Adventurers,  but 
which  one  I  do  not  know.  I  should  be  glad 
to  know  (1)  whether  this  flag  was  ever  used ; 
(2)  the  name  of  the  body  or  society  to  which 
it  belongs;  (3)  something  about  the  society 
in  question ;  and  (4)  when  the  flag  was  first 
adopted.  EVANS  LEWIN,  Librarian. 

Royal   Colonial   Institute. 

TRANSPORTATIONS  AFTER  THE  FORTY-FIVE. 
— After  the  rising  of  Jacobites  in  1715,  a 
considerable  number  of  officers  and  men 
Were  transported  to  the  West  Indies  and  to 
the  American  plantations.  Can  any  reader 
inform  me  whether  there  is  any  list  of 
such  victims  and  of  their  destinations,  and 
whether  any  book  on  the  subject  has  been 
published  ?  N.  S. 

"  BOMENTEEK."  —  Cabinet-makers  are 
sometimes  obliged  to  stop  a  hole  or  fault 
in  a  piece  of  furniture  and  use  as  a  "  filling  " 
a  mixture  of  glue  and  sawdust  or  something 
similar.  This  substance  is  known  as  "  bom- 
enteek  " — I  am  compelled  to  spell  it  pho- 
netically. 

The  '  N.E.D.'  does  not  know  the  word. 
What  is  its  derivation  and  history,  if  any  ? 
I  conjecture  baume  antique,  which  sug- 
gests the  French  polisher.  Or  is  there  some 
medieval  Latin  word  such  as  balsamaticum 
of  which  it  could  be  ^corruption  ? 

The  word  seems  to  have  a  semi-humorous 
use;  c./.  "camouflage"  and  "fake." 

W.  R.  C. 

LADIES'  PORTRAITS. — Sir  Claude  Phillips 
states  in  The  Daily  Telegraph  that  "  in  the 
earlier  period  of  the  Royal  Academy  the 
names  of  ladies,  other  than  actresses,  were 
not  given  ;  and  to  this  day,  neither  in  the 
one  nor  the  other  Parisian  Salon  is  the 
name  of  the  female  sitter  indicated  other- 
wise than  by  a  capital  letter  or  perhaps  a 
title."  Probably  Royal  portraits  were  al- 
ways exempt  from  this  custom.  It  would 
be  of  interest  to  ascertain  why  the  practice 
existed,  and  when  it  was  given  up  in  this 
country,  J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101,   Piccadilly. 


COMBE  HOUSE,  HEREFORDSHIRE. — Could 
any  reader  tell  me  the  exact  situation  of 
Combe  House,  Herefordshire  ?  George 
Crawford  Ricketts,  Esq.,  Attorney -General 
and  Advocate-General  of  Jamaica,  returning 
to  England  in  1802,  purchased  the  Combe 
House  Estate  in  1806,  and  was  succeeded 
there  by  his  son,  Thomas  Bourke  Ricketts, 
and  then  by  his  grandson,  Captain  George 
j  Crawford  Ricketts,  Grenadier  Guards. 

Is  the  house  still  in  the  possession  of  the 
I  same  family  ?  If  not,  who  are  the  present 
I  owners  ?  EDITH  o'A.  BLUMBERG. 

THE  GROWTH  OF  BOGS. — The  Rev.  Joseph 
Meehan  writes  me  from  Ballinagh,  Co.  Cavan, 
as  follows  : — 

Just  beside  me  I  have  discovered  an  ancient 

timber  road.     About  15  yards  of  it  were  stripped, 

10  yards  in  a  clay  field  and    5   yards   in  a  bog. 

The    former    was    3    feet    beneath    the    surface, 

the  latter  portion   10  feet.     The  road  continues 

|  at  both  ends— it  is  quite  apparent  in  the  face 

|  of  the  bog  bank — but  only  the  15  yards  have  been 

j  stripped.       It  is  a  well-made  road,  .8  feet  wide, 

constructed  of  logs  and  planks  of  timber,  over 

them  a  layer  of  sods,  and  over  these,  and  embedded 

in  them,  a  rough  pavement. 

Could   any   reader   tell   me   what   is   the 
I  average   rate    of   growth    of   bogs,    as    this 
!  might  be  of  some  assistance  in  forming  some 
idea  as  to  the  age  of  this  road. 

HENRY  FITZGERALD  REYNOLDS. 

TUNINGHEN   CHEESE. — In  the   '  Calendar 
of    State    Papers,'    Domestic    Series,  under 
date  Dec.  25,  1649,  there  is  a  note  as  to  the 
purchase    of    200     tons     of     "  Tuningheii, 
alias  Holland,  cheese,"  which  was  approved, 
"  considering   the   goodness    of   the    cheese 
!  and  the  rates  that   that   commodity   now 
affords."     Again,  under  date  Dec.  30,  1650, 
|  the  issue  of  a  warrant  is  noted,  "to  unload 
|  9,600  cheeses  from  the  Hope  of  Hamburg, 
|  being  part  of  120  tons  of  Tuninghen  cheese 
I  for  the  army  in  Scotland.''     I  shall  be  glad 
to  learn  of  other  references    to   Tuninghen 
i  cheeses.     What  were  their  size  and  weights  ? 
I  Where  were  they  made,  and  what  was  the 
j  extent  of  their  importation  and  use  in  Eng- 
land ?  R.  HEDGER  WALLACE. 

MANCHESTER  AND  MILFORD  RAILWAY. — 
An  account  of  the  origin  and  history  of 
this  railway  will  greatly  oblige,  as  also 
information  as  to  the  circumstances  and 
:  the  year  of  its  ultimate  transference  to  the 
Great  Western  Railway  Company. 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 
Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 


las.  vm.  JUNE  25,  1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


511 


'-'  FOOLPROOF."  —  What  does  this  mean  ?  j  PRINTING  OF  REGISTERS.  —  1.  Have  the 
In  The  Daily  Chronicle  of  Jan.  22,  1921,  registers  of  Youghal  Island  been  printed  ? 
under  the  heading  *  Drawing  Room  Cinema,'  \  2.  Have  the  registers  of  St.  James,  Duke's 
the  writer  of  the  paragraph  says  :  —  "  When  j  Place,  London,  been  printed  ? 


perfected  the  machine  will  be  fireproof  and 
foolproof  and  will  do  away  with  the  semi- 
darkness  of  the  picture  palace  and  the 
distant  screen."  M.  A. 


E.  E.  COPE. 


SUN-DIALS.-!    Does  any  reader  know  of 
example  of  the  familiar  motto    reading 

rrr,  ,     .     ,  ,    .  Horas  non  numero  nisi  et  serenas,    making 

J™  Z*L£g£S&£*Z£Z  !  •:  a™*  hendecasyllable  ,     I   surmise,  th! 

is  not  liable  to  be  affected  by  what,  in  the  inquiry  :  usual  form,  without  et,  to  be  by  a  medieval 
on  the  Welsh  railway  accident  of  Jan.  26,  was  ;  Latinist,  who  thought  nisi  could  be  an 
called  "  " 


human  ^  failure." 


Perhaps  the  formation 
vaguely    influenced    by 


RELAPSES    INTO    SAVAGE    LIFE,—  I    shall 


iambus,  for  which  there  is  no  classical 
warrant.  j  should  be  glad  to  know  if  any 
instance  exists  of  the  amended  form. 

2-  Wil1   some   one   kindly   recommend   a 

feel  obliged  for  references  to  cases  in  which  I  trustworthy  book,  of  reasonable  price,  on 
people  of  the  lower  culture,  after  experience  sun-dials  ?  I  want,  not  pretty  pictures  or 
of  civilized  life,  have  reverted  to  their  \  word-painting  about  country  gardens,  but 
original  state  of  savagery.  A  story,  written,  definite  lists  and  classification  of  the  varieties. 
I  think,  by  Grant  Allen,  described  how  an  *  have  come  across  many  magazine  articles 
African  negro,  who  had  been  educated  in  of  very  little  .value.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

Europe,  on  his  return  to  his   native    land        Pm-w      r>0p  word   "  nnlse  "  sionifv 

references  to  cases  of  this  class.  i  f??d~  g°?d   rf  ults   f°llowed   lts   use'  ,  Was 

v  I  this  what  is  known  to-day  as  a  vegetarian 

(diet?     In    *  Bailey's  Dictionary'  the    word 

ALEXANDER  M.   McLEOD    was    admitted   is  confined  to  "  all  sorts  of  grain  contained 

in  shells,   husks,   or  cods,   as   beans,    peas, 
&c."     Thomas    Dyce    says    "the    common 
name   for   rice,    wheat  and  other  vegetable 
food."     Sir  William  Smith,  in  his  '  Diction  - 
ary  of  the  Bible,'  inclines  to  the  idea  that 
"  probably     the     term     denotes      uncooked 
Attorney-General   grains  of  any  kind,  whether  barley,  wheat, 
or    vetches,  Ac."     It    is.  said    that 


was 

to  Westminster  School  in  1807,  and  n 
1847  was  Inspector  -General  of  the  Police 
in  Jamaica.  Particulars  of  his  parentage 
and  the  date  of  his  death  are  wanted. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 


IHOMAS 
of    ^orth 


MACferUiRE, 
Carolina.     He 


appears    to    have 


,        .  . 

been  admitted  to  Gray  s  Inn,  Nov.  14,  1754,  i  convicts  in  France  are  fed  mainlv  on  haricots, 


but  not  to  have  been  called  there.  When 
and  where  was  he  called  to  the  Bar  ?  In- 
formation  about  his  career,  especially  in 
America,  is  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

1  DR.  JOHN  MISAUBIN  died  April  20,  1734. 
Was  he  ever  married,  and  did  he  leave  any 
children  ?  There  is  a  short  notice  of  him 
in  the  "D.N.B.'  xxxviii.  51,  but  it  does 
not  contain  the  desired  information. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

™ 

IHE   SURNAME  MAYALL.  —  An  old  friend 

.tells  me  that  about  fifty  years  ago  an 
article  appeared  in  Chambers'  s  Journal  or 
Household  Words  giving  lengthy  particulars 
of  the  Mayalls  in  France.  Can  any  reader 
kindly  supply  the  reference  ? 

ARTHUR  MAYALL. 
3.  church  stm-t.  Southport.  ••  ! 


|  which  we  call  kidney  beans. 
!      It    would    be    interesting    to'  know    the 
opinions  of  readers  of  '  N.  &.  Q.' 

y\-    y^    GLENNY. 

1   -  Barkipg'  Essex' 

WILD  HORSES.  —  Is  it  a  fact  that  when  a 

I  number  of  wild  horses  are   attacked  they 

arrange  themselves  in  a  circle,  heads  at  the 

j  centre,  and  repel  their  enemy  by  kicking 

i  with  their  hind-legs  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

FOXES  AND  LAMBS.—  Do  foxes  kill  lambs  ? 
ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

HOP-PICKING  SONGS.  —  Particulars  (dates, 
&c.)  of  these  are  desired  —  especially  of  those 
which    appeared    in    Punch    in    Keene    or 
' 


Du  Maurier's  time. 


J.  ARDAGH. 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  S.VIII.JUXE  25,1921. 


SILVER  MEDAL  :  IDENTIFICATION  SOUGHT. 
— I  have  a  small  silver  coin,  or  medal,  of 
which  the  following  is  a  brief  description  : — - 
Ob.  A  shield  of  arms,  quarterly  1  and  4,  gules, 
a  wheel ;  2  and  3,  sable  a  key  bendwise.  On  a 
shield  of  pretence,  a  wyvern.  EMERIC  JOSEPH 
DG  SS  ED  MOG  ABEP  SKIP  GEB  AR  CAN 
PR  ELEP  WO. 

Behind  the  shield,  in  saltire,  a  sword  and 
crozier.  Crest,  a  coronet  of  unusual  shape 
surmounted  by  a  cross-crosslet. 
Re.  NATUS  11  NOVEMB  1707  EL  ARCHI  EP 
ET  ELECT  1  JULY  1763  EPISC  WORM  1  MAR 
1768  DENAT  11  JUNY  1774  MTAT  66  ANN 
7  MENS. 

The  coin  is  about  the  size  of  a  florin  but 
somewhat  thinner  and  practically  in  mint 
state.  Any  information  as  to  whom  it 
commemorates  will  be  esteemed. 

CHARLES  DRURY. 

MAXIMILIAN  WILLIAM,  BROTHER  OF 
GEORGE  I.  ;  died  at  Vienna,  July  16,  1726, 
in  the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age.  With  his 
mother  and  the  rest  of  her  issue  he  was 
naturalized  by  4  and  5  Anne,  c.  16.  Is  any 
account  of  him  in  English  easily  accessible  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BISHOP  OF  OXFORD'S  COINAGE. — A  lately 
published  book  of  "  ana  "  has  the  following 
relating  to  the  period  1865-1868  : — 

"...  the  Right  Rev.  Samuel  Wilberforce, 
the  then  Bishop  of  Oxford,  sometimes  in  pay- 
ment gave  me  the  odd  money  after  shillings  in 
silver  pennies  and  twopenny-pieces  which  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford  had  then  the  privilege  of 
coining  ;  these  I  naturally  prized." 

Did  such  a  privilege  exist  at  the  time 
named,  and  when  and  how  was  it  abrogated  ? 

W.  B.  H. 

"  To  CURRY  FAVOUR.'' — What  is  the  origin 
of  this  expression  ?  Routledge's  *  English 
Dictionary,'  second  edition,  refers  to  "  M.E. 
favdl—a,  chestnut  horse  ;  from  a  proverb, 
and  O.F.  beast-tale — a  roman  defauvel" — 
but  what  is  the  proverb  or  the  tale  ?  Ap- 
parently "  curry-combing  "  a  horse  is  the 
idea.  J.  V.  F. 

STARESMORE  OF  FROLESWORTH. — Has  a 
pedigree  of  this  family  ever  been  compiled  ? 
They  seem  to  have  settled  at  Frolesworth  at 
the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century  and  remained 
there  for  200  years  at  least.  Francis  Stares- 
more  sat  in  Parliament  and  was  Deputy  - 
Lieutenant  of  the  county.  There  is  a  fine  altar 
tomb  in  the  church  at  Frolesworth  to  his 
memory.  Any  information  about  the  family 
would  be  esteemed. 

JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 


HEBREW     AND     ENGLISH     IDIOMS. — Mr. 
T.   H.    Weir,   in   his   Alexander   Robertson 
Lectures  for  1917  on  '  The  Variants  in  the 
Gospel  Reports,'  gives  the  following  among 
others   as   examples    of   Hebraisms   in   our 
English    Bible,    adding,  however,  that    the 
same  forms  of  speech  are  common  to  many 
languages  : — "  He  went  and  traded  "(Matt. 
i  xxv.  16) ;    "he  went  and  joined  himself  to 
a   citizen  "    (Luke  xv.    15)  ;     "  David  took 
and    ate    the    shewbread "    (Luke    vi.    4)  ; 
! "  Absalom    had    taken    and    reared    up    to 
\  himself  a  pillar  "  (2  Sam.  xviii.  18) ;  "  leaven 
|  which  a  woman  took  and  hid  "  (Matt.  xiii. 
1 33).     Such  instances   of   "  the  insertion  of 
i  an  auxiliary  verb,  such  as  '  to  go,'  in  state- 
ments in  which  it  is  purely    otiose,"   are, 
he  says,  very  common  in  the  Hebrew  Bible, 
;  and    he    regards    their    occurrence    in    the 
;  Gospels  as  a  proof  that  the  Greek  in  which 
they    are   written    is    largely    diluted    with 
Hebrew.     The  object  of  this  note,  however, 
is    simply    to    ask    whether    our    common 
colloquial    phrases    (common,    that    is,    in 
dialect),  "  he  went  and  did,"  4i  he  took  and 
said,"  and  such  like,  are  traceable  to  appa- 
jrently  equivalent  Biblical  phrases,  and  not 
native  to  our  speech  ?     It  seems  extremely 
unlikely,  but  the  question  naturally  arises 
if,  as  Mr.  Weir  appears  to  imply,  the  phrases 
quoted    are    literal    translations    and    the 
1  "  auxiliary  verb  "  is  really  otiose. 

C.  C.  B. 


&eplie*. 

WRINGING  THE   HANDS. 

(12  S.  xiii.  470.) 

THIS  practice  is  illustrated  by  Shakespeare* 
'  2  Henry  VI.,'  Act  I.,  sc.  i.,  223  :— 

While  as  the  silly  owner  of  the  goods 

Weeps    over    them,  and  wrings    his    hapless 
hands, 

And  shakes  his   head,  and  trembling  stands 
aloof.     .     .     ." 

Darwin,  '  The  Expression  of  the  Emotions 
in  Man  and  Animals,'  popular  edition, 
chap,  iii.,  pp.  79  and  80,  deals  with 
the  subject  : — 

When  a  mother  suddenly  loses  her  child, 
sometimes  she  is  frantic  with  grief,  and  must  be 
considered  in  an  excited  state ;  she  walks 
wildly  about,  tears  her  hair  or  clothes,  and 
wrings  her  hands.  This  latter  [last -mentioned  ?] 
action  is  perhaps  due  to  the  sense  of  antithesis, 
betraying  an  inward  sense  of  helplessness  and 
that  nothing  can  be  done.  The  other  wild  and 


12  S.  VIII.  JUNE  25,  1921.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


513 


violent  movements  may  be  in  part  explained 
by  the  relief  experienced  through  muscular 
exertion,  and  in  part  by  the  undirected  overflow 
of  nerve-force  from  the  excited  sensorium. 

He  goes  on  to  explain  that  the  commonest 
sensation  in  the  circumstances  is  a  thought 
that  more  might  have  been  done,  and 
quotes  a  passage  from  Mrs.  Oliphant's 
'  Miss  Marjoribanks,'  in  which  a  girl 
went  about  the  house,  "  wringing  her  hands 
like  a  creature  demented,"  saying  it  was  her 
fault,  &c. 

The  conclusion  here  as  to  the  meaning 
of  the  gesture  seems  clearer  than  that 
of  "  antithesis."  "  With  such  ideas  vividly 
present  before  the  mind,  there  would 
arise,  through  the  principle  of  associated 
habit,  the  strongest  tendency  to  energetic 
action  of  some  kind."  I  take  this  to  mean 
that  the  sorrowing  person  stretches  out  the 
hands  or  moves  them  rapidly,  with  the  idea  of 
affording  some  help,  and  continues  to  do 
so  in  abrupt  and  futile  movements.  Com- 
pare Tennyson  in  '  In  Memorianv  canto 
Iv.  :— 

I  stretch  lame  hands  of  faith,  and  grope, 
And  gather  dust  and  chaff  ; 
and  Hecuba  in  '  The  Trojan  Women,'  1305, 
"  beating  the  earth  with  both  her  hands." 

A  footnote  in  Darwin  (p.  80)  shows  a 
curious  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the 
exact  action  indicated  by  "  wringing  the 
hands."  V.  R. 

In  '  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,'  Act  II., 
sc.  iii.,  Launce  speaks  of  "  our  cat  wringing 
her  hands,"  and  in  Act  III.,  sc.  i.,  speaks  of 

Silvia 

Wringing    her     hands,    whose    whiteness    so 
became  them, 

As  if  but  now  they  waxed  pale  for  woe. 

In  this  last  case  the  hands  so  wrung 
are  described  as  "  pure  hands  held  up." 

In  *  Hamlet,'  Act  III.,  sc.  ii.,  Hamlet,  after 
killing  Polonius,  says  to  the  Queen  : — 

Leave   wringing   of   your  hands :    peace !  sit 
you  down, 

And  let  me  wring  your  heart. 

I  understand  Wringing  the  hands  to  mean 
clasping  them  tightly  and  raising  them 
with  a  look  of  appeal.  If  so,  there  are 
plenty  of  passages  in  the  classics  which 
show  this  gesture  to  have  been  a  common 
one  in  antiquity. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

I  am  convinced  that  this  is  an  instinctively 
human  action  and  is  quite  independent  of 
manners  and  customs.  Years  ago,  at  a  time 
of  great  misery,  I  found  myself  wringing  my 


hands,  and  fancying  myself  comforted  by  the 
act.  Until  then,  I  think,  I  regarded 
"  wringing  the  hands "  as  being  a  mere 
literary  form  of  expression  of  despairing 
agitation.  Charles  Kingsley  clearly  saw  his 
fisherwomen  "  weeping  and  wringing  their 
hands  "  for  those  who  would  never  come 
back  to  them  again.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Perhaps  the  following  may  be  of  use  as 
providing  some  early  examples  of  the  use 
of  this  expression  : — 

So  efter  that  he  longe  hadde  hyre  compleyned 

His  hondes  wronge  and  seyde  that  was  to  seye. 
Chaucer,  '  Troilus,'  iv.   1171. 

She  wrings  her  Hands  and  beats  herJBreast. 
Congreve,  *  Death  of  Queen  Mary.' 

In    '  The    Two    Gentlemen    of    Verona,' 
Act  II.,  sc.  iii.,  Launce,  describing  the  lachry- 
mose  condition    of   the   family   at   his   de-. 
parture,  tells  how  he  left  them, 
my    mother    weeping,    my    father    wailing,    my 
sister  crying,  our  maid  a  howling,  our  cat  wringing: 
her   hands. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

HACKNEY  (12  S.  viii.  470). — The  deriva- 
tion of  this  word  is  referred  to  in  Deron 
and  Cornwall    Notes    and    Queries,   vol.   x., 
p.  122,  par.  123,  in  considering  the  meaning 
of   the  word  "Haccombe."     The  absurdity 
of  the  explanation  that  it  is  the  ey,  eyot, 
I  or   island   belonging   to   the   Danish    chief 
I  Hacon    is    emphasized    by    the    fact    that 
i  London  has  not  a  monopoly  of  the  place- 
name  Hackney.     Not  only  is  there,  as  MR. 
POWER  points    out,    another    Hackney    at 
Matlock,    but    to    quote    my    note     above 
!  mentioned  : — 

On  the  north  side  of  the  old  course  of  the  Teign, 
opposite  Buckland  Barton,  is  a  site  called  Hack- 
ney, which  gives  name  to  Hackney  channel  as 
distinguished  from  Newton  (Newton  Abbot) 
channel,  and  Hackney- lane  forms  part  of  the 
direct  route  from  Haccombe  through  Higher 
Netherton  to  reach  the  site  of  the  ancient  ford 
over  the  Teign.  The  name  Hackney  also  occurs 
on  the  Dart  and  the  word  had  no  connection 
with  a  Danish  name. 

Hackney  and  Haccombe  are  doubtless,  as 
regards  the  first  syllable,  of  kindred  derivation. 
,  Haga,  plural  I  lagan,  means  a  hay  or  hedge 
and  in  the  adjectival  use — something  enclosed. 
The  enclosed,  hedged  in,  or  staked  island  or 
valley  I  believe  to  be  the  meaning  of  Hackney 
and  Haccombe  respectively. 
The  so-called  Hackney  Marshes,  as  a  district 
in  the  north  of  London  was  once  known, 
was  doubtless  a  similar  site  to  those  chosen 
on  the  Teign  and  the  Dart  as  places  of 
!' safety  by  the  early  Saxon  settlers. 

HUGH  R.  WATKIX. 


514  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [12  &vm.  JUNE  2*  1021. 

FRANKLIN  NIGHTS  (on  DAYS)  (12  S.  viii.  Words  from  Shakespeare.     London:      J.  Balls. 

411,  476).—  The  cold  spell  inMay  which,  MB.  &-  1800^    Fo- 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG  writes,  is  attributed  .  c*£cot   (T.).    Twelve  English  Songs.    Words 

by  the  peasants  in  Russia   to  "  the  budding  b^Sh1^kf1pef  f-  ,  ^^  .  ['•  "00-r  Fo; 


11  ,  . 

of  thp  onk«?  "  i«s  nrnVmViKr  tViA  r>P£i«rvn  accio-rvorl        Caulfield  (John).     Collection  of  the  Vocal  Music 

>aKS,  ,bly  tne  reason  assigned  in  ShakeSpeare's  Plays,  including  the  whole  of  the 

m  South  Russia,  because    in    North  Russia  songs,  duets,  glees,  choruses.  .  .  .  Engraved  from 

and    Finland    it    is    always    said    that    the  original    manuscripts    and    early    printed  copies, 

change       takes     place      because      "  tchere-  chiefly    from    the    collection    of    W.    Kitchiner. 

mookha  tsviatgot,"  the  bird-cherry  (prunus  Revised    and    arranged    for   piano    by   Addison. 

padus),    is     flowering,     the    pungent    smell  Lo^doi?:  2^*1*'    j.1"0'1^0' 

^which    is    generaly    accompanied   by    a  ^KS^^SS^. 

cold  wind.     Be  it  noted  that  in  each  case  Arne,  Bishop,  Schubert,  &c.     London.  \c.  1850.] 

it  is  not  the  change  of  temperature  which,  4to. 

according   to  local   lore,    causes  the   flower       Songs  from  Shakespeare.     [With  music.  J     Illus- 

of  the  tree  to  open,  but    it    is  the  change  tratecL     London:  Cassell.     1886.     Fcp.  tto. 

in  the  tree  brings  the  cold  Weather.     The  T  X^lor    <E'    W->'  ^ditor'     Shakespeare   Music. 

odour  of  bird-cherry  blossom  «J^^r^^T^  at  publish  a  collection  of 

by  some  to  be  antagonistic  or  objectionable  the  songs 

to  flies,  mosquitoes    &c.,  and  in  Russia  is       When    foimding    the    Shakespeare    Glee 

used  to  scent  soap.   Is  there  some  connexion  Club  here?  some          s  ere  wap  turned 

between  this  supposed  possibility  and  the  ddil    life        ide  d          T  had          t  difficulty 

fact  that  the  bird-cherry  awaits  the     Frank-  hl      tti      complete  sets  of  the  leading  songs, 

hn  nights  and  days      in  which  to  bloom,  as  pubushers  had  allowed  many  to  run  out 

when  owing  to  the  cold  no  flies  are  to  be  of  ^rint>     But   the   Club   lib  possesses 

HUGH   R.   WATKIN.  nm,f  a  fairly  compiete  collection,  most  of 

which  have   been   sung   in   the   plays,   un- 

SHAKESPEARE'S  SONGS  (12  S.vm.  471)—  A  accompanied,  in  our  theatre. 
collection  of  settings  suitable  for  children  w    jAno*^    r»o«f 

depends  much  on  the  children's  ages  and 

musical  ability.     I  therefore  append  a  list       Memor'al  Library,  Stratford-on-Avon. 
of   the   best   collections,    from   which   your       ,-,  T  /i«  d       ••&    «JA%      TT- 

correspondent   may   make   choice.     As   all,        *?*ERT  JOHNSON  (12  S.  vm.  449).- 

or  nearly  all,  are  out  of  print  it  wnl  take  ^  ^fr?I^lve  ^ourt  of  ,D.ub  ^  ™*  ***** 

time  and  patience  to  obtain  them  through  Pec'  21'  17?*«  and  proved  m  1800  (sic).     It 

antiquarian   bookshops,   unless  your  corre-  LS  »  l™%  will  which  might  repay  close   ex- 

spondent     can     journey     here     to     inspect  amination.     From   the  fairly   full   abstract 

tj^em  .  _  .  in   my   possession    I    gather   the   following 

,  facts  :  —    His    sons    were    Robert    (eldest), 

Shakespeare  Album,  or  Warwickshire  Garland  xrpti,^:^   flrir|   TVinmnQ    thp  la^t  two  hpincr 

for  -the    Piano,  containing   above    one   hundred  ^atnamel  and   Inomas,  the  last  two  being 

favourite   ancient,   modem,   and   traditional   airs  ;  nunors   in    l/d4.      JliS  daughters  were  Mar- 

illustrative  of  Shakespeare  and  his  time,  including  !  garet       and      Mary.          Colonel         Thomas 

the   music   in   '  Macbeth  '    and    '  The   Tempest.'  ,  Broughton,  his  brother-in-law,  had  two  sons, 

Arranged  by  the  most  eminent  artists.     London  :  j  Nathaniel   and  Andrew.     Another  brother- 

vm  /  T     ™     -°'     /^    A  x       ^  ^      -i,  in-law  was  Archibald  Hutcheson  :  a  sister- 

Greenhill  (J.),  Harrison  (W.  A.),  and  Furmvall  •     -,  T,,      ,        T>  A       i  • 

(F.  J.).     List  of  all  the  Songs  and  Passages  in  ^-law    was    Phoebe    Bonner      As    kinsmen 

Shakespeare    which    have    been    set    to    Music.  Gabriel  Mamgault,  John  Schutz  and  John 

Edited   by   F.    J.    Furnivall   and   W.    C.    Stone.  Cooke  are  named.     Estates   totalling  more 

London  :   New  Shakespeare  Society.     1884.     4to.  than    30,000   acres   are   mentioned,    and   he 

Elson    (L.    C.).     Shakespeare    in    Music  :       A  appointed    two    sets    of    executors  :    for   his 

$yf  ^   °.f  with  ±1^:1  SSpCatlon  ^roUna  estates  the  three  Brought™  and 

and    derivation.     Together    with    much    of    the  Mamgault  :  for  his  estate  m  Great  Britain 

original     music.      Illustrated.     London  :      Xutt.  and  Ireland,  Hutcheson,  Cooke,  Schutz  and 

1901.    Cr.  8vo.  P.  Bonner. 

Xaylor     (E.     W.).     Shakespeare    and     Music.        He  directed  that  he  should  be  buried  close 

With  illustrations  from  music  of  the   16th  and  to  fos  deceased  wife  and  that  an  escutcheon 

1  /th  centuries.     London:  Dent.      1896.     Cr.  8vo.  f  ^^v^  a>,011iH  hp  prppfpd  on  the  ooliimii 

Naylor    (E.    W.).     Elizabethan  Virginal  Book.  ot  J8™      ,OUiClJPe 

-  .  .  With  illustrations.     London  :     Dent.    1905.  m  the  church  of  Charlestown  near  his  grave 

<>.  8vo.  with  the  names  and  ages  of  his  wife  and  self 

Davy  (John).     Six  Madrigals  for  Four  Voices,  engraved  thereon.         W.   ROBERTS  CROW. 


12  S.  VIII.  JUNE  25,  1921.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


515 


JOAN  or  ARC  ( 12  S.  viii.  469). — In  '  Existe- 
t-il  des  reliques  de  Jeanne  d'Arc  ?  '  (Orleans, 
1891),  M.  1'Abbe  Th.  Cochard  has  some  very 
useful  pages  on  the  subject  of  the  heroine's 
harness.  He  mentions  a  suit  which  after 
many  vicissitudes  found  its  way  into  the 
museum  at  Les  Invalides,  and  I  think  he 
believed  that  it  was  genuine.  It  is  not  im- 
probable that  some  armour,  which  Jeanne 
offered  to  St.  Denys  after  her  reverse  at 
Paris,  would  be  brought  to  England,  but  I 
know  not  where  the  treasure  conceals  its 
history.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"PARLIAMENT  CLOCKS"  (12  S.  viii.  451, 
493). — Taxes  on  precious  metals  have  been 
imposed  at  different  times  in  this  country. 
In  1719  Gd.  per  ounce  was  levied  on  silver. 
This  led  to  the  use  of  base  metal.  In  1758 
a  tax  of  £2  annually  by  dealers  was  sub- 
stituted. In  1759  the  amount  for  a  licence 
was  raised  to  £5.  In  1784,  in  addition  to 
the  licence,  the  Qd.  per  ounce  tax  was  re- 
imposed.  In  1797  8s.  per  ounce  was  levied 
on  gold  and  at  the  same  time  Pitt  imposed 
(37  Geo.  III.  c.  108)  a  tax  of  5s.  on  every 
watch  and  clock.  These  accumulative  taxes 
nearly  ruined  the  trade,  the  demand  for 
clocks  and  w^atches  decreasing  to  such  an 
extent  that  manufacture  diminished  by 
one -half.  Pitt's  tax  was  repealed  in  the 
following  year  (1798),  but  the  measure  had 
had  the  effect  of  stimulating,  not  creating,  the 
manufacture  of  a  timepiece  which  had  a 
wooden  dial,  the  hours  soldered  or  painted  ; 
the  face  always  large,  3ft.  and  often  larger  ; 
and  the  trunk  only  long  enough  to  allow 
of  a  "  seconds  "  pendulum.  There  was  no 
gold  or  silver  or  glass.  This  kind  of  clock 
had  been  in  existence  for  some  time,  perhaps 
since  about  1720,  but  the  earlier  examples 
were  very  finely  lacquered,  the  lacquer  being 
much  better  than  that  applied  to  most 
clocks  after  1797. 

Although  the  Act  of  1797  did  not  create 
this  particular  kind  of  clock,  no  doubt  it  did 
create  the  name,  because  it  brought  the  clock 
into  prominence,  many  specimens  being 
erected  in  taverns,  posting  houses,  public 
rooms,  &c.,  for  the  convenience  and  benefit 
of  those  who  were  not  able  to  afford  to  keep 
clocks  or  watches. 

I  have  never  heard  of,  nor  have  I  been 
able  to  trace,  the  use  of  the  name  "  Act  of 
Parliament  Clock  "  before  1797.  I  possess 
a  clock  of  the  kind  by  Edmund  Wills,  Salis- 
bury, whose  date  is  about  1730. 

SLIGO. 


"  THE  POOR  CAT  r  TH'  ADAGE  ;;  (12S.  viii. 
I  431,    475,    497).— The    Latin   version   cited 
j  by  MR.  DE  V.  PAYEN- PAYNE  is  given  with 
I  a  slight  alteration  by  Quarles   in  his  'Em- 
blems '    as    a    hexameter  : — "  Catus    amat 
pisces  sed  non  vult  tingere  plantas." 

C.  A.  COOK. 

The  Latin  proverb  as  given  at  the  second 
reference  does  not  scan.  "  Non  vult  "  should 
be  substituted  for  "  non  amat."  This 
change  will  at  the  same  time  bring  it  closer 
in  expression  to  the  English  form  quoted 
by  J.  S.  Farmer.  The  Latin  saying  also 
appears  as  "  Cattus  amat  piscem,  sed  non 
vult  tangere  flumen."  See  p.  9  of  Jakob 
Werner's  '  Lateinische  Sprichworter  und 
Sinnspruche  des  Mittelalters  '  (1912).  The 
French  "  Le  chat  aime  le  poisson,  mais  il 
n'aime  pas  a  mouiller  la  patte,"  and  the 
German  to  the  same  effect  are  given  in 
Skeat's  note  to  Chaucer's  '  House  of  Fame,' 
1.  1783,  and  he  quotes  a  parallel  from 
Gower,  '  Confessio  Amantis,'  ii.  42, 
As  a  cat  wolde  ete  fisshes 
Withoute  weting  of  his  clees, 
and  an  allusion  in  '  Piers  the  Plowman's 
Crede,'  405.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

At  the  first  reference  MR.  LUPTON  says  : — 
"  The  adage  .  .  .  was,  I  understand, 
a  French  proverb/' 

Mr.  Benhanrs  '  Cassell's  Book  of  Quota- 
tions,' at  p.  504,  has  "  Catus  amat  pisces, 
sed  non  ^  vult  tangere  plantas,"  where 
"  tangere "  is  an  obvious  misprint  for 
tingere.  This  is  a  medieval  hexameter,  and 
as  such  more  authentic  than  the  Latin 
proverb  as  given  at  the  second  reference. 
Mr.  Benham  (loc.  cit.)  says,  "  A  Portuguese 
proverb  is  to  the  same  effect,"  but  he 
does  not  quote  it.  How  does  it  run  ?  On 
p.  854  he  gives  Italian  and  German  forms 
of  the  adage,  but  no  French  one.  If  it 
is  known  in  France,  what  form  does  it 
take  there  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

EARLY  STAGE-COACHES  (12  S.  viii.  392, 
436). — Much  useful  information  concerning 
stage-coaches  will  be  found  in  the  follow- 
ing books  : — 

Harper  (C.  G.).  'The  Brighton  Road:  Old 
Times  and  New  on  a  Classic  Highway.'  1892. 

Harper  (C.  G.).  '  Stage  Coach  and  Mail  in  Days 
of  Yore.'  2  vols.  1903. 

Harris  (Stanley).     « The  Coaching  Age.'      1885. 

Hams  (Stanley).  '  Old  Coaching  Day8.'  1882. 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [i2s.vm.  JUNE  25, 1921. 


OLIVE    SCHREINER    (12    S.    viii.    469). — | 
The  Annual  Register,    1920,   says   she  was 
born  in  Basutoland  in  1859  ;  *  The  American  '  I 
says  about  1860  ;   "  The  New  International 
Encyclopaedia/    1862  ;     '  Chambers's  Ency- 
clopaedia    of     English     Literature,'     about  j 
1865;    'Who's   Who,'    early   'sixties;   « La- 1 
rousse,'    about  1862  ;    and    '  The    Encyclo-  j 
paedia    Britannica '    says    she    issued    '  The  | 
Story   of  an  African  Farm '   in  her  teens. 
This  book  was  published  in  Feb.  1883,  when  : 
she  was  a   ''  little  over  20  years  of  age  " 
(The    Times,    Dec.     13,     1920),    under    the! 
pseudonym    of    Ralph    Iron.     She    wes    a \ 
daughter     of     a    Lutheran    Missionary     of 
German  family  in  the  service  of  the  London 
Missionary    Society  ;     her    mother    was    a 
Londoner    named    Rebecca    Lyndall.     She 
married  in  1894  Mr.  S.  C.  Cronwright,  and; 
had  much  sympathy  with  the  Cape  Dutch  j 
and  their  grievances  during  the  Boer  War.  I 
She  lived  at  De  Aar,  Cape  Colony,  and  died 
in  South  Africa  on  Dec.  11,  1920. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARSE. 

"  AUSTER  "  LAND  TENURE  (12  S.  viii.  j 
109, 192,  233). — Rutter  says  that  "  a  tithing 
in  Lympsham,  Somerset,  was  anciently  t 
named  Austertown,  a  name  descriptive ; 
of  the  tenure  by  which  the  property  was ! 
held."  THOS.  G.  SIMMONDS. 

Congresbury. 

VISCOUNT  STAFFORD,  1680  (12  S.  viii.  409, ' 
454,  478,  497).— On  looking  again  at  J.  E.  | 
(not  J.  A.,  as  I  wrote  by  mistake  at  p.  454) 
Doyle's  '  Official  Baronage,'  I  see  that  his 
description   of  Viscount   Stafford's   wife   as 
daughter   of   Edward,    20th  Baron  Stafford, 
must  be  a  pure  slip,  as  her  true  relationship 
may  be  gathered  from  previous   articles   in 
the  same  book.     That  her  brother  is  called 
sometimes  5th  Baron  and    sometimes    21st 
is  no  doubt  due  to  Henry  Stafford  (1501-; 
1563),  son  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  who ; 
was  beheaded  in  1521,  having  been  declared! 
to  be  Baron   Stafford  by  a  new  creation, ! 
when  Edward  VI.'s  first  parliament  passed 
an  Act  for  his  restoration  in  blood. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"  GOOD  OLD  "  (12  S.  viii.  468).— A  much 
earlier  example  of  this  can  be  quoted.  The 
'  N.E.D.'  gives  as  a  colloquial  use,  under 
the  date  circa  1440,  "  Gode  olde  fyghtyng/' 
See  vol.  vii.,  p.  97,  column  3,  s.v.  "  Old." 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 


JAMES  MACBURNEY  (12  S.  viii.  431,  474). 
— To  the  place  of  James  Macburney's  birth, 
given  at  the  latter  reference,  the  date  has 
still  to  be  added.  Several  writers  about 
the  Burneys  make  a  point,  as  Goldsmith 
would  have  said,  of  omitting  to  mention 
this.  But,  according  to  Mrs.  Raine  Ellis, 
in  her  Preface  to  the  '  Early  Diary  of 
Frances  Burney  '  (1889),  James  Macburney 
the  younger,  Madame  d'Arblay's  grand- 
father, was  born  in  1678.  On  the  question 
of  a  Scottish  or  Irish  ancestry,  Mrs.  Ellis 
writes'  that  a  family  tradition  brings  the 
Burneys  from  Scotland  with  James  I. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

S.  E.  THRUM  (12  S.  viii.  469).— Mr.  J.  A. 
Jacob,  the  hon.  curator  of  Sandwich 
Records,  has  kindly  supplied  the  information 
which  enables  me  to  answer  MR.  G.  D. 
JOHNSTON'S  question. 

Mrs.  Clara  Elizabeth  Thrum,  who  resided 
at  No.  2  Battery,  had  been  to  Sandwich 
shopping. .  Whilst  returning  home  she  was 
overtaken  by  a  snow-storm  and  perished 
from  exposure.  The  parish  register  records 
the  date  of  Mrs.  Thrum's  burial  as  Dec.  8, 
therefore  the-  death  must  have  occurred 
previous  to  Dec.  11.  She  was  48  years  of 
age.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  account 
of  the  disaster  in  The  Kentish  Gazette  for 
1849.  W.  J.  M. 

OLD  LONDON  :  THE  CLOTH  FAIR  (12  S. 
viii.  310,  353,  435,  477). — At  the  last 
reference  MR.  SETON- ANDERSON  rightly  points 
out  my  omission  of  the  word  "  asking " 
from  his  reply.  This  was  not  intentional, 
but  I  readily  express  my  regret  for  thus 
misquoting  him.  The  objection  was  not 
so  mueh  to  the  words  of  the  explanation 
cited  as  to  their  source  and  the  superfluous 
derision  conveyed.  A  work  of  fiction — 
and  Rodwell's  '  Old  London  Bridge  '  only 
claims  to  be  a  romance — is  not  a  good  source 
for  historic  facts,  and  his  allusion  to 
Rahere's  history  and  achievements  is  at 
least  undesirable.  My  principal  regret  _  is 
that  it  has  been  accepted  above  its  face 
value  by  our  esteemed  contributor  MR.  J. 
SETON-ANDERSOX.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

ARMS  OF  ELLINGHAM  (12  S.  viii.  391). — 
As  given  in  Burke's  '  General  Armory  '  these 
are  : — Per  chevron,  sable  and  gules,  three 
falcons'  heads  erased  argent  beaked  or. 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 


12  s.  viii.  JUNE  253i92i.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  517 


DANTEIANA  (12  S.  viii.  463). — I  have .  verse.  The  Ptolemaic  system  was  good 
read  with  much  interest  MR,  McGoVERN's  |  enough  for  many  men  of  learning,  and, 
recent  remarks  under  this  heading,  but  1 1  at  any  rate,  it  had  in  its  favour  the  evidence 
cannot  agree  with  him  in  attributing  ' '  un- !  of  the  senses  ;  we  profess  to  believe  in  the 
disguised  effrontery  "  and  "  extraordinary  teaching  of  Copernicus,  though  the  majority 
vanity  "  to  Dante,  because  he  ranks  himself  j  of  men  would  probably  find  it  hard  to  give 
as  poet  above  Ovid  and  Lucan.  Most  a  reason  for  the  truth,  now  axiomatic, 
competent  critics,  I  imagine,  would  agree !  that  the  earth  goes  round  the  sun.  But  is 
that  Dante  is  right  in  his  estimate,  and  there  it  not  possible  that  the  Coperniean  system 
is  no  lapse  from  humility  on  the  part  of  a !  may  some  day  be  dethroned,  or  superseded 
man  who  knows  his  own  place  in  the  world  i  by  some  wider  synthesis,  and  that  an  after 
and  realizes  that  it  is  a  high  one.  The  generation  will  mock  at  us  for  our  ad- 
production  of  good  poetry  is  the  surest  i  herence  to  a  conception  of  the  universe 
path  to  immortality  of  fame  ;  every  poet,  I  that  seems  to  them  erroneous  or  inadequate  ? 
then,  has  the  right  to  ask  if  he  is  likely  to  -j\  PERCY  ARMSTRONG 

be    immortal     and    if    he    decides    in    the  |      The  Authors' Club,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 
affirmative  and  proves  to  be  correct  in  his  j 

conjecture,  it  merely  shows  that  he  is  gifted  THE  CAVEAC  TAVERN  (12  S.  vi  170,  216 
with  prophetic  insight  and  critical  acumen.  279  ;  viii.  453).— Anent  J.  P.  DE  C/s  friendly 
The  number  of  poets  who  have  correctly  information,  quite  a  nest  of  taverns  would 
predicted  their  own  immortality  is  very  aar  to  haye  existed  in  Spread  Eagle 
great.  Or— to  take  an  example  from  the  Court  and  the  contiguous  portion  of  Thread- 
life  of  another  superman  —  when  Gourgaud  needle  street.  I  venture  the  surmise  that 
wished  to  leave  St.  Helena  and  Napoleon,  Caveac's  (or  Caviack's),  although  always 
to  cheer  him  up  and  keep  him  there,  pointed  described  as  being  situate  in  Spread  Eagle 
o*t  to  him  that  he,  by  coming  to  Longwood, ;  Court?  not  have  been  altogether  of  it, 

had  made  his  name  immortal,  was  Napoleon  but   stood         tl  n  or  about  the  site 

guilty  of  pride?  Rather  it  would  have  of  Lemann>s  biscuit-shop,  or  Banister's, 
been  strange  on  his  part  if  he  had  neglected  the  butcher's,  in  Threadneedle  Street.  The 
to  use  so  obvious  an  argument.  i  illustration  to  which  MR.  ANDREW  OLIVER 

So,  too,  MR.  McGovERN  seems  to  imply  referred   (12   S.   vi.    279)   might   settle  the 
that  some  apology  may  possibly  be  due  from   difficult  point  as  to  location, 
admirers  of  Dante  because  of  his  astrology  CECIL  CLARKE.. 

and    his    anti-Scriptural    conception    of   the  i      Junior  Athenaeum  Club, 
material    torments    of   Hell.     At    any   rate 

MR.  MCGOVERN  says  that  he  can  overlook  "MAGDALEN"  OR  "  MAWDLEN  "  (12  S. 
them.  But,  as  he  admits,  it  is  unreason-  j  viii.  366,  417,  453,  494). — It  is  customary  to 
able  to  affirm  that  a  masterpiece  suffers  i  regard  this  change  as  phonetic  and  to 
because  it  reflects  the  intellectual  notions  attribute  it  to  the  dropping  of  the  g.  But 
and  cosmogony  of  the  age  in  which  it  was  Magdalene  became  Madeleyne  in  Middle 
composed.  Who  would  think  of  blaming  English,  and  that  does  not  t  ally  with 
Homer  because  he  says  that  Poseidon,  Mawdlen.  Has  the  possibility  that  the 
returning  from  the  Ethiopians,  saw  Odysseus  change  originated  in  scribal  error  ever 
somewhere  in  the  Mediterranean  from  the  received  due  consideration  ? 
mountains  of  the  Solymi;  or,  again,  that ,  In  early  medieval  times  there  were 
Helios  kept  an  eye  on  Aphrodite,  when  her  forms  of  g  and  u  which  were  occasionally 
lord  went  off  to  a  far-distant  country  ?  j  mistaken  one  for  the  other.  In  the  eighth  - 
The  very  pettiness  of  Homer's  cosmogony  |  century  Corpus  Glossary  we  find  "  exugiae  " 
adds  an  additional  charm  to  his  poems,  and  'k  frigula ''  for  exuviae  and  friuula 
I  suggest,  moreover,  that  it  would  be  captious  \  (frivola).  In  Henry  of  Huntingdon  (twelfth 
to  blame  a  poet  because  he  accords  as  much '  century)  the  name  of  Archbishop  Plegmund 
respect  to  tradition  as  to  the  words  of  (appears  as  "  Pleuxmmd."  In  the  repro- 
Scripture  :  the  intellectual  world  would  !  duction  of  the  ancient  map  that  Bertram 
indeed  be  poor  if  men  had  confined  them-  i  published  along  with  Pseudo-Richard,  the 
selves  rigidly  to  the  letter  of  the  Bible.  !  lithographer  misrepresented  Jk*[tiitf«]  by 
Lastly,  strange  as  it  may  seem  to  say  so,  i  "  fig  "  more  than  twenty  times.  In  the 
we  should  be  wise  to  hold  with  due  modesty  thirteenth-century  Cotton  MS.,  Vespasian 
to  our  astronomical  conceptions  of  the  uni-  A.  XIV.,  in  the  Welch  tract  %' De  Situ 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    t»&viiLj««EM,i9ii. 


Brecheniauc,'  Leuministre  was  misread  by 
the  first  editor,  Bees,  as  "  Legministre,'' 
and  the  name  of  Maim  appears  in  it  as 
"  Meigh  •"  [with  ei  :  :  a,  g  :  :  u  and  h  :  :  ri\. 
Similarly  in  an  Arthurian  Triad  Portimar 
of  Mancetter  (i.e.,  Manduessedum)  is  called 
Forth  Uawr  Gandw  (lege  uandw= of  Mandw). 

These  instances  of  g/u  confusion  suggest 
that  a  mistaken  presentation  of  Magdalen 
as  MaudaUn  may  be  responsible  for  the 
pronunciation  Mawdlen  which  MB.  COOLIDGE 
has  carried  back  to  1448. 

ALFRED  ANSCOMBE. 

30,  Albany  Koad,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

HEARTH  TAX  (12  S.  viii.  471).— As 
hearth  money  was  a  tax  levied  on  every 
hearth  in  all  houses  except  cottages,  it  may 
be  presumed  that  the  seven  hearths  for 
which  Win.  Gates  of  Pontefract  was  respon- 
sible were  all  in  a  single  dwelling.  It  may 
be  added  that  the  tax  (2s.  per  hearth), 
which  in  principle  was  a  very  old  one,  was 
exceedingly  unpopular.  It  was  imposed  in 
1662  and  withdrawn  in  1689.  In  1695  the 
window  tax  was  imposed  in  its  stead. 

F.  A.  RUSSELL. 
116,  Arran  Road,  S.E.6. 

"TENANT  IN  CAPITE  "  (12  S.  viii.  429, 
472). — I  must  thank  MR.  FLETCHER  for  his 
reply.  I  remain,  however,  of  the  opinion 
expressed  in  my  Note,  illustrated  by 
examples  in  support — and  these  might, 
indeed,  be  multiplied  into  thousands — 
that  any  one  holding  a  military  fee  of  I 
another  was  the  "  tenant  in  capite "  of 
that  other  (whether  that  other  was  king, 
earl,  baron  or  what-not). 

I  will  develop  my  position  by  observa- 
tions arising  out  of  the  legal  definition 
quoted  by  MR.  FLETCHER  : — Caput  i.e.,  Rex, 
unde  tenere  in  capite  est  tenere  de  rege, 
omnium  terrarum  capite. 

Now,  this  definition,  one  of  the  keystones 
of  the  feudal  theorists,  contains  two,  if  not 
three,  errors.  The  feudal  caput  was  a 
thing  and  never  an  individual ;  not  the 
King-in-Person  (as  the  definition  implies), 
but  the  Crown,  was  the  Caput  of  the  kingdom. 
And  therein  lay,  as  I  take  it,  a  real  fiction 
of  the  feudal  system,  that  so  immaterial  a 
thing  as  a  "  crown,"  not  the  insigne  but  a 
mere  quality,  resident  in  and  inalienable 
from  the  person  of  the  King  (as  long  as  he 
was  King)  should  be  a  caput.  Besides  this 
caput  regni,  to  which  all  the  lands  of  the  j 
kingdom  were  appurtenant,  there  were ; 


of  course  others  :  the  caput  of  an  earldom, 
the  caput  of  an  honour,  the  caput  of  a 
barony,  the  caput  of  a  knight's  fee,  &c.  All 
these  capita  were,  like  the  caput  of  the 
kingdom,  impersonal  things  and  only  differed 
from  it  in  being  material,  such  as  a  castle 
or  mansion. 

In  actual  practice  the  holder  of  a  caput 
was  tenant  in  capite  of  the  lands  appurtenant 
to  his  caput,  and  as  this  caput  might  be 
held  of,  i.e.,  from,  anyone,  to  use,  as  in  the 
legal  definition  quoted  and  MR.  FLETCHER 
on  his  authority,  the  phrase  "  tenant  in 
capite "  as  the  equivalent  of  "  tenant  in 
capite  de  rege  "  is  erroneous  and  a  contra- 
diction to  the  large  body  of  evidence  offered 
to  the  contrary  in  our  national  records. 

L.  GRIFFITH. 

THE  HOODED  STEERSMAN  (12  S.  viii.  471). 
— Probably  the  reason  of  the  steersman 
alone  being  hooded  in  medieval  illustrations 
of  ships  is  that  in  those  days  as  in  classical 
times  it  was  for  the  helmsman  to  give  orders 
and  for  the  rest  of  the  sailors  to  carry  them 
out.  As  Virgil  says  (^En.  v.  176)  : — 

Ipse  gubernaclo  rector  subit,  ipse  magister, 

Hortaturque  viros,  clavumque  ad  litora  torquet. 

So  the  pfeyer  '  Pro  Rego  '  in  the  '  Missale 
Romanum  '  (which  is  said  in  England  on 
Sundays  after  High  Mass)  speaks  of  '  Rex 
noster,  qui  tua  miseratione  suscepit  regni 
gubernacula.'  The  man  at  the  helm  was 
the  master  of  the  ship. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

FOUR-BOTTLE  MEN  :  GLASS  COLLEC- 
TIONS (12  S.  viii.  310,  357,  418).— Your 
correspondent  A.  T.  M.,  at  the  second 
reference,  asks  if  there  is  any  public  collec- 
tion where  his  variety  of  antique  glass 
bottles  would  find  a  permanent  home  ?  The 
Guildhall  Museum  in  the  City  and  the 
London  Museum  in  St.  James's,  W.,  have 

rcial  collections  of  old  glass  bottles.  Both 
them  are  always  ready  to  accept  dona- 
tions of  curios  and  antiques.  The  British 
Museum  has,  of  course,  a  collection  of  glass, 
but  it  has  not  been  on  view  for  years  (and 
years),  though  it  is  hoped  it  may  be  circa 
1925.  J.  C. 

WINDOW  TAX  AND  DAIRIES  (12  S.  viii. 
449,  492). — Your  correspondent  MR.  R. 
HEDGER  WALLACE  inquires  about  existing 
relics  of  the  window  tax.  Within  half-a- 
dozen  miles  of  here  I  know  of  about  a  dozen. 
In  most  cases  there  is  the  single  word 


12  s.  vm.  JUNE  25, 1921.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


"  Dairy  "  painted  on  the  lintel  of  the  window 
of  the  room  where  the  milk  stood  for  the 
cream  to  rise.  In  three  or  four  it  was 
carved  in  the  stone.  In  one  case,  however, 
the  words  "  Dairy  Room  "  appear  painted 
in  large  letters  across  the  front  of  the 
building.  One  of  the  painted  ones  will 
probably  disappear  shortly  as  the  building 
is  about  to  be  pulled  down.  In  one  case 
the  stone-cutter  gave  us  the  rendering 
"  Dairey."  ABM.  ME  WELL. 

Longfield    Road,    Todmorden. 


J9ote£  on 


English  Metrists  :  Being  a  Sketch  of  English  Pro- 
sodical  Criticism  from  Elizabethan  Times  to 
the  Present  Day.  By  T.  S.  Omond.  (Claren- 
don Press,  10s.  6eZ.  net.) 

THESE  pages  bear  witness  to  the  abundance  of 
thought  and  ingenuity  which  has  been  expended 
on  the  nature  and  true  scheme  of  English  verse. 
Mr.  Omond,  as  all  lovers  of  poetry  know,  has 
himself  contributed  much  to  this  study,  and  he 
now  sets  himself  to  analyse  the  contribution  of 
fellow-enthusiasts  from  the  sixteenth  century  to 
the  present  day. 

The  first  chapter  gives  us  plenty  of  substantial 
and  entertaining  detail  upon  the  old  attempt 
to  make  English  verse  conform  —  at  least  in 
principle  —  to  classical  models.  Mr.  Omond  has 
little  difficulty  in  showing  the  intrinsic  falseness 
of  the  conceptions  underlying  the  hopelessly 
mechanical  treatment  of  a  really  intricate  problem. 
Under  the  idea  of*  quantity,  Latin  and  Greek 
verse  implied  temporal  measure  :  but,  by  the 
theorists  who  wrested  English  syllables  into 
caricatures  of  hexameters  or  sapphics,  no  effec- 
tual account  was  taken  of  time  and  of  the  pecu- 
liar relation  in  English  verse  between  time  and 
measure. 

'  The  Old  Orthodoxy  '  —  the  theory  and  prac- 
tice of  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century  — 
and  '  Resistance  and  Rebellion  '  —  the  poetical 
history  of  the  other  half  —  furnish  excellent  dis- 
cussions, especially  the  second  with  its  criticism 
of  Monboddo,  Steele  and  Sheridan.  The  nine- 
teenth century  saw  the  rise  of  a  new  principle 
as  a  rule  of  verse  —  that  of  counting  accents 
instead  of  syllables.  This  might  well  seem  as 
easy  to  understand  and  apply  as  it  was  illu- 
minating, but,  though  it  has  revolutionized  Eng- 
lish prosody,  it  has  aroused  as  many  questions 
as  it  has  laid  to  rest.  Mr.  Omond  gives  a  spirited 
and  well-balanced  view  of  the  progress  of  lively 
controversy  on  this  topic  throughout  the  nine- 
teenth century.  It  might  be  foreseen  that 
when  accent  —  in  whatever  exact  sense  we  use 
the  word  —  became  the  determining  factor  in 
verse,  the  questions  of  rhythm  and  then  of  prose 
rhythm  were  npt  far  off.  In  this  connexion 
it  seems  to  us  that  some  of  the  studies  considered 
are  somewhat  impaired  by  too  nearly  exclusive 
an  attention  to  the  feet,  or  component  parts  of 


the  verse,  to  the  neglect  of  the  verse  as  a  whole. 

To   the   poet  himself   each  verse   is  much  more 

;  than  a  succession  of  feet — it  is  a  unity  in  itself  : 

a  length  of    furrow,  after  which    comes    the   joy 

of  starting  again  :  an  inhalation  and  exhalation  of 

breath.     There    are    verses   of  longue    and  verses 

of  courte  haleine ;  verses  that  go  fast — as  it  were 

shallow  furrows  through  light  soil  :  and  verses  that 

go  slow — the  furrow  being  sunk  deep  in  a  rich  but 

1  reluctant    field.     The    longest    we    can    recollect, 

i  kept    up    through    a    considerable    work,    is    the 

!  secret,   sinuous  verse  which    yet    comes  duly  in 

!  and  starts  again,  of  '  Lorna  Doone ' — a  peculiarity 

giving  the  book,  in  many  pages,  a  curious  charm 

and  more  often  a  certain  tiresomeness.     We  have 

never  been  able  to  form  a  decided  opinion  as  to 

whether  or  no  it  was  intentional. 

There  are  two  further  references  of  which  we 
think  writers  on  prosody  make  too  little.  On 
all  questions  of  the  scansion  of  dramatic  verse 
the  competent  actor  ought  to  be  appealed  to  ;  and 
where  music  is  brought  in — as  it  must  be — to 
elucidate  metre,  the  system  of  bars  and  triple 
and  common  time  should  often  give  place  to  the 
musical  phrase.  So  far  as  the  writer  of  these 
words  can  tell  from  experience,  most  verse  which 
can  be  supposed  to  count  for  anything  rises  in 
the  mind  to  the  accompaniment  of  a  distinct 
musical  phrase  or  motive  which  actually  deter- 
mines the  metre  of  the  verse  but  is  by  no  means 
always  divisible  into  bars. 

Some  of  the  efforts  here  made  at  reducing 
beautiful  but  irregular  verses  into  measured 
parts  remind  one  of  a  passage  in  Marcus  Aure- 
lius,  which,  though  it  applies  only  to  visible 
beauty  of  a  humble  kind,  seems  to  contain  the 
true  philosophy  of  the  beauty  of  all  circum- 
scribed things : — "  We  ought,"  he  says,  "  to  observe 
also  that  even  the  things  which  follow  after  the 
the  things  which  are  produced  according  to  nature 
contain  something  pleasing  and  attractive.  For 
instance,  when  bread  is  baked  some  parts  are 
split  at  the  surface,  and  these  parts  which  thus 
open  and  have  a  certain  fashion  contrary  to  the 
purpose  of  the  baker's  art,  are  beautiful  in  a 
manner,  and  in  a  peculiar  way  excite  a  desire 
for  eating.  And  again,  figs,  when  they  are 
quite  ripe,  gape  open ;  and  in  the  ripe  olives 
the  very  circumstance  of  their  being  near  to 
rotteness  adds  a  peculiar  beauty  to  the  fruit." 

We  must  not  forget  to  say,  in  conclusion,  that 
besides  the  stimulating  and  scholarly  chapters 
which  are  the  bulk  of  the  book,  Mr.  Omond  gives 
us  two  full  bibliographical  Appendices,  arranged 
in  chronological  order :  the  one  on  books 
and  articles  dealing  with  quantitative  verse  and 
pseudo-classical  poems  ;  the  other  on  those 
dealing  with  the  analysis  of  ordinary  English 


The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona.  Edited  by  Sir 
Arthur  Quiller- Couch,  and  John  Dover  Wilson. 
(Cambridge  University  Press,  6s.  net.) 
WE  have  here  the  second  volume  of  the  new 
Cambridge  text  of  Shakespeare.  '  The  Two 
Gentlemen  of  Verona  '  is  a  play  which  gives  the 
scholarly  editor  a  maximum  of  thankless  trouble. 
The  problems  raised  by  the  Folio  text  go  down 
into  the  very  structure  of  the  play  and  the  heart 
of  the  characters  :  but  they  remain  by  then- 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    1 12  a  vm.  ^25,1021. 


nature  insoluble.  An  immature  but  most 
graceful  and  musical  drama,  it  has  suffered  cuts, 
adaptations  and  interpolations,  which  have  not 
only  distorted  but  also  actually  truncated  it. 
Mr.  Dover  Wilson's  note  on  the  copy  used  for 
the  printed  text  of  1623  is  an  excellent  discussion  1 
of  the  probabilities  of  the  adapter's  work,  which, 
we  think,  may  be  taken  as  a  sufficient  last  word 
on  the  subject. 

Sir  Arthur  Quiller- Couch's  pleasant  Intro- 
duction takes  this  same  question  of  the  adapting 
of  the  play  from  the  points  of  view  of  character, 
story,  style  and  propriety.  The  most  important 
theory  advanced  is  that  Shakespeare  finished 
the  play  with  a  solution  which  was  found  un-  | 
acceptable,  and  that  the  hopeless  concluding  scene 
is  the  result  of  botching  and  some  rewriting  by 
an  unknown  inferior  hand,  the  reasons  in  support 
of  it  being  drawn  both  from  the  inferiority  of  the 
verse  in  certain  places  and  from  gaps  and  blunders 
in  sense.  "  The  crude  and  conventional  coup  de 
theatre"  produced  by  the  "faker"  will,  on  this 
supposition,  have  formed  the  end  of  the  play  on 
the  play-copy ;  and,  this  being  the  source  of  the 
Folio  text,  have  come  to  be  printed.  We  must 
acknowledge  that  the  more  we  consider  the 
question  the  more  likely  appears  this  solution. 

The  critical  study  of  this  play  resolves  itself 
largely  into  noting  discrepancies  and  contra- 
dictions, and  observing  sundry  stage  effects 
which  Shakespeare  tries  here  for  the  first  time, 
and  uses  to  more  famous  purpose  in  his  later 
work.  These  entertaining  pursuits  do  in  them- 
selves rather  tend  to  the  depreciation  of  '  The 
Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,'  so  that  Shakespeare's 
dawning  greatness  after  all  gets  to  itself  some- 
thing of  a  triumph  when  it  compels  the  reader, 
as  it  so  often  does,  in  spite  of  the  above  distrac- 
tions, to  linger  over  and  enjoy  the  still  tentative, 
yet  easy  and  melodious  verse,  the  faintly-coloured 
but  delicately  graceful  figures  of  Silvia  and 
Valentine,  the  drollery,  already  quite  charac- 
teristic, of  Lance,  and  the  generously  outlined 
Julia. 

The  undistinguished  stage-history  of  the  play 
goes  to  reinforce  our  opinion  that  this  excellent 
little  volume  gives  us  all  that  is  or  will  be  wanted 
on  its  subject. 

A   Manual  of  Seismology.     By  Charles  Davison. 

(Cambridge  University  Press,  £1  Is.  net.) 
ALTHOUGH  books  on  scientific  subjects  are  not 
strictly  within  our  scope  we  cannot  pais  over 
this  excellent  manual.  It  does  not  deal  with 
the  history  of  earthquakes,  nor  with  the  history 
of  seismology,  but  summarizes  our  present 
knowledge  of  the  causes  and  the  character  of 
seismic  disturbances.  While  most  of  it  is  purely 
technical,  the  lucidity  both  of  the  style  and  the 
arrangement  makes  it  a  not  impossible  work  even 
for  the  general  reader.  For  the  student  it  will 
undoubtedly  be,  for  some  time,  the  received 
textbook  on  seismology. 

The  work  done  in  this  science  within  the  last 
century  is  of  impressive  bulk.  De  Montessus  de 
Ballore's  catalogue  of  earthquakes  contains 
nearly  160,000  entries,  all  known  earthquakes 
being  included,  however  slight.  Based  on  this 
catalogue  his  seismic  map  shows  that  the  earth's 


crust  is  unstable  along  two  narrow  zones,  a 
Mediterranean  and  a  "  Circum-Pacific  "  circle,  of 
which  the  former  counts  52-57  and  the  latter 
38-51  of  all  known  earthquakes.  The  explanation 
of  this  has  been  taken  byDe  Montessus  de  Ballore 
to  go  back  to  the  formation  of  the  principal 
mountain  chains  in  Tertiary  times,  when,  in  these 
regions,  sediments  of  great  thickness  were  flung 
up,  folded  upon  themselves  and  dislocated. 
Conclusions  as  to  the  nature  of  the  earth's 
interior  based  on  seismologies!  observations — 
principally  on  the  results  obtained  by  Knott — 
seem  to  show  that  the  outer  crust,  known  to 
mankind,  has  a  thickness  of  about  -^nth  of  the 
earth's  radius  ;  that  a  thick,  practically  homo- 
geneous layer  extends  within  the  outer  crust  to 
about  half  the  earth's  radius ;  and  that  at  a 
depth  between  one-half  and  six-tenths  of  the 
earth's  radius  the  elastic  solid  shell  gives  place  to 
a  non-rigid  nucleus.  Dr.  Davison  makes  use 
of  the  expressions  "  growth  of  the  earth's  crust," 
"  portions  of  the  earth's  crust  which  are  now 
growing,"  and  so  on.  The  use  of  the  word 
"  growth "  in  this  connexion  seems  to  want 
explaining  :  and,  since  it  has  so  definite  a  bio- 
logical significance,  should  perhaps  be  depre- 
cated. The  so-called  "  growth  "  of  the  earth's 
crust  would  seem  to  be  simply  a  piling  up  of  it, 
in  certain  regions,  through  displacements  caused 
by  internal  activity.  This  is  as  essentially 
mechanical  as  the  addition  of  layers  of  brick  to 
a  wall ;  and  if  mountains  may,  at  a  stretch,  be 
thereby  said  "  to  grow,"  the  expression  can  hardly 
be  applied,  accurately  to  the  crust  itself.  The 
book  concludes  with  a  suggestive  sentence  as 
to  the  possible  influence  of  other  bodies  of  the 
solar  system  not  only  on  the  movements  but  also 
on  the  formation  of  the  surface-features  of  our 
globe. 


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Notes  ;md  Queries,  July  30,  1921. 


TWELFTH  SERIES.  VOL   VIII. 


SUBJECT    INDEX. 


[For  classified  articles  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  BOOKS  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK-LORE, 
(JAMES,  HERALDRY,  LONDON,  OBITUARY,  PLACE-NAMES,  PRO  VERBS  AND  PHRASES,  QUOTATIO:SS, 
SHAKESPEARIANA,  SONGS,  SURNAMES,  and  TAVERN  SIGNS.] 


"  Abnepos,"  use  of  the  word,  229,  336 

Acid  test,   449 

"  Act  of  Parliament  Clocks  "  :    see  Clocks 

Adams  (Rev.  Alex.)  d.  1789,  390 

Aeronautics  :  early  flying  efforts,  87 

Albert  memorial,  Sir  Henry  Cole  and  the  site  of, 
149 

Alchemical  MSS.,  49 

Alcock  (Mr.),  duel  with  John  Colclough,  1808,  384 

Aldeburgh  :  extracts  from  Chamberlains'  Account- 
Book,  163,  224,  265,  305,  343,  387,  426,  463,  506 

Aliustrel,  bronze  tables  discovered  in,  10 

Allen  family,  alliances  of,  132,  196 

Alsop  (Bernard),  printer,  293,  337 

Alstonfield,  co.  Staffs,  notes  from  the  parish 
register,  292 

American  customs  :  a  long  grace,   151,  458 

"  Amtmann,"  office  of,  350,  394 

Andersen  (Hans),  his  '  The  Impr-ovisatore,'   490 

Anderson  (Francis  and  John),  writers  to  the  Sig- 
net, Edinburgh,  348 

Anderson  (Joseph),  gamekeeper  to  Marquess  of 
Tweeddale,  292 

Anderson  (Mary  Welsh),  d.  1788,  266 

Anderson    family,    Baronets   of     Broughton,    268 

Andrews  (Bernard),  poet  laureat,   431,   475 

Angelo  (Domenick),  his  burial  place,  491 

Anglesea  (Earl  of),  his  MS.  History  of  the  Troubles 
in  Ireland,  488 

Ainu-  (Queen),  death  of :  white  handerchief  in- 
cident, 17 


Anonymous  Works: — 

Annals  of  Ireland,  210,  276 
Bombay,  Life  in  (1852),  29 
Centenary   of   the   Bells,    St.    Mary's,    Ware- 
ham,  270 

Giovanni  Sbogarro,  268,  316 
Grand  Master,   or  Adventures  of   Qui  Hi  in 

Hindustan,  The,  29 
Letters  from  Galilee,  391 
Meliora,  30 
Neck  or  Nothing,  509 
Old  (or  Odd  ?)  Farmhouse,  The,  52 
Orders    and    Ordinances    of    the   Hospitals, 

5,  55 

Stirbitch  Fair,   391 
Vagabond,  The,  349 
Weaver's  Commonplace  Book,  3 
Wild  Geese  of  Fontenoy,  451,  499 
Anstruther  family  and  the  12th  Regiment,  450 
Apples,  English,   Count  Caraccioli's  reference  to, 

431 
"  Archie's  (Childe)  Pilgrimage  "  :  see  under  Gordon 

(Rose) 
Armour,  horsehair  and  small  tin  plates  used  as, 

294 

Arms  of  Ellingham,  391,  516 
Arms  of  England  and  France,  15 
Army :  Royalist  and  Roundhead  rates  of  pay,  411 
Army  badges,  1-70,  235 
Army  List,  English,  of   1740,  6,  46,  82,    185,  327, 

405,  445 

Arndell  (Dr.),  of  Hobart,  410 
I  Ascension   Day:   Warwickshire   custom,    347 


522 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1921. 


Ash  (Charles  Bowker),  minor  poet,  b.    1781,  466, 

471 
Ashbourne:  the  Green  Man  Inn,  29,  77,  113,  157, 

176,  278,  498  ;  the  Talbot  Inn,  16 
Askell  family,  75,   178 
Asmodeus,  use  of  name,  251 
Assam,  ancient  history  of,  17 
Assheton  of  Salford  and  William  Penn,  345 
Aston  (Hervey),  m.   1789 
Auction  sales  in  1714,   10 

"  Auster,"   meaning  of  term,    109,    192,    233,    516 
Austin  (Joseph),  actor  (1735-1821),   347,  418 
Australian  judicature,  269 
Axford  (John),  author  of   '  Hidden  Things  Brought 

to  Light,'  410 
Ayres  (Jane)  and  an  Elizabethan  shoe  horn,   168 


B.A.  and  T.  Fawcet,  printers,  293,  337 
Bagration    (Prince    Alexander     Petrovitch),     his 

marriage,    88 

Bailey  (Thomas  Farmer),  d.   1828,   37 
Baker  (Maj.),  Governor  of  Derry,  431 
Balmain   (James)   of   Lauriston,   d.    1789,    390 
Bank  notes,  private,  227 
Banns-cum-marriage  registers,  368 
Banquo,  surname,  308,  354,  495 
Barbary,  English  slaves  in,   187 
Barber  (John),  master  of  Ripon  School,  217 
Barlaeus  (Gaspar),  his  '  Poemata,'  59 
Barlow  (Christopher  George),  Bishop  of  N.  Queens- 
land, 293 

Barlow  (Rev.  F.),  vicar  of  Burton,  31 
Barne  (John),  his  wife,  152 
"  Barons,'"  fish  so  called,   11 
Barraclough,  derivation  of  the  name,  471 
Bartholomew  Fair  :  see  Cloth  Fair 
Baux,  King  of  England  and,  390,  456 
"  Beads  of  Casteldowne,"  409,  453,  495 
Beales  (Mary),  d.   1807,   152 
Bear  (John),  master  of  the  Free  School  at  Ripon, 

150,   192,  217 
Beauclerc,  33 
Beaumont  (John),  eighteenth-century  miniature  of, 

89 
"  Beaumont     and     Fletcher "     plays,     Nathaniel 

Field's  work  in,  141,  164,  183,  204 
Beauty,  qualities  of  female,  247,  297,  334 
Beckford  (Peter),  Master  of  Foxhounds,  489 
Beeleigh  Abbey,  publication  wanted,  331 
Beer,  Broncivimont,  11 
Belgrave  Square,  snipe  in,  13 
"  Believe,"  use  of  the  word,  10 
Bell   (Henry)   of  Portington    and    John    Wesley, 

371,  418 

Bell  (Robert)  of  the  Temple,  175 
Bell  (Sir  Robert)  of  Beaupre,  175,  237,  335 
Benbow  (Admiral),  his  fight  with  pirates,  15 
Benson  (Mary),  alias  Maria  Theresa  Phipoe,  exe- 
cuted, Dec*   11,   1797,  370,  419 
Berkeley  (Sir  Henry)  of  Brewton,  37 
Bernard,  second  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  268,  315 
Beulah  Spa  Gardens,  Upper  Norwood,  371 
Bible — Breeches  :   entries  taken  from,    307 — Em- 
broidered,   printed     1660,     152 — of    James    I., 
translators  of,  212,  258 
Birch  (John),  sentenced  for  drinking  to  seditious 

toast,    129 
Birkenhead,  official  report  on  loss  of,  161,  217 


Bishopsgate  :  drawings  wanted,  51 

Black  (Thomas),  druggist  of  Aberdeen,  m.    1789, 

368 

Black  cat  superstition,  310 
"  Blighty,"  derivation  of  word,  340 
Blount   (Sir   Thomas)    of   Lincolnshire,    210,    278, 

436,    477 

Board  of  Green  Cloth,  rights  and  duties  of,  347,  435 
Body's  Island,  origin  of  place-name,  214 
Bogs,  growth  of,  510 

Boilly,  his  picture  of  Napoleon,  391,  434 
Bombay  (H.M.S.),  burning  of,  370,  418 
"  Bomenteek,"  derivation  of  word,  510 
Bonaparte's  (Julie)  letters,  292,  333 
Bonham  (Col.),  falconer,  69 
Bonte,  wife  of  Dr.  W.  Roxburg,  151,  196 
Bonte  (M.),  "  Governor  of  Penang,"  151 
Book  borrowers  :  specimens  of  fly-leaf  inscriptions, 

208,  253,  278,  296,  314,  334,  350,  377,  394,  417, 

456,    477 
Books  :  light  and  dark  "  A  "  headpiece,   52,   98  ; 

vicissitudes  of,  248 

Books  recently  published: — 

Acropolis  Museum,  Catalogue  of  the,  by 
Stanley  Casson,  479 

Antiquaries  Journal,  60,  340 

Archaeology  and  Anthropology,  Annals  of,  260, 
400 

Bell's  (George)  The  Tower  of  London,  419 

Berks,  Bucks,  and  Oxon  Archaeological  Jour- 
nal, 320 

Book  of  Fees  commonly  called  Testa  de 
Nev-ill,  by  the  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Re- 
cords, 499 

Bibliographies  of  Modern  Authors,  500 

Bridges  (Robert)  :  Bibliographies  of  Modern 
Authors  series,  500 

Booksellers'   catalogues,   379 

British  Archives,  Repertory  of,  299 

Burford  Records,  The  :  a  Study  in  Minor 
Town  Government,  by  R.  H.  Gretton,  118 

Butler's  (Sir  Geoffrey)  Studies  in  Statecraft, 
59 

Cambridge  Plain  Texts,   360 

Casson's  (Stanley)  Catalogue  of  the  Acropolis 
Museum,  479 

Clapham  Forefathers,  being  a  List  of  In- 
scriptions ...  of  the  old  Parish  Church- 
yard, compiled  by  the  Rev.  T.  C.  Dale,  200 

Compositors  and  Readers  at  the  University 
Press,  Oxford,  Rules  for.  320 

Cornhill  Magazine,  400 

Cosimo  I.,  Duke  of  Florence,  219 

Dante  in  Literature  and  Art,  Britain's  Tribute 
to,  by  Paget  Toynbee,  439 

Davison's  (Charles)  A  Manual  of  Seismology, 
520 

Dobson's  (Austin)  Later  Essays,  1917-1920, 
199 

Don  Quixote  :  Some  War-time  Reflections  on 
its  Character  and  Influence,  319 

Dryden  (John)  and  a  British  Academy,  by 
Prof.  O.  F.  Emerson,  420 

Durham  University  Journal,   260 

Emerson's   (Prof.    O.  F.)    John   Dryden  and 

a  British  Academy,  420 

•    English,   The  Teaching  of,   by  W.  S.  Tomp- 
kinson,  240 

English  Association,  Essays  and  Studies  by 
Members  of  the,  80 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1921. 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


523 


Bocks  recently  published: — 

English   Metrists  :    Being   a   Sketch   of   Eng- 
lish Prosodical  Criticism  from  Elizabethan 

Times  to  the  Present  Day,  by  T.  S.  Omond, 

519 

English  Philology  in  English  Universities,  280 
English   Prose   chosen  and  arranged  by  W. 

Peacock,  460 
Etymological  Dictionary  of  Modern  English, 

by  Ernest  Weekley,  459 
Far  East,  Stories  and  Ballads  of  the,  259 
Fleetwood    Family    Records,    collected    and 

edited  by  R.  W.  Buss,  140 
Fletcher's  (Rev.  J.  M.  J.)  The  Boy  Bishop  at 

Salisbury  and  Elsewhere,  280 
Folk-Lore,   140,   340 
Fordham's  (Sir  H.  G.)  Maps,  Their  History, 

Characteristics  and  Uses,  479 
French  Furniture  under  Louis  XVI.  and  the 

Empire,  by  Roger  de  Felice,  180 
Gild  of  St.  Mary,  Lichfield,  400 
Glasgow      Archsaological      Society,      Trans- 
actions of  the,  220 
Hackwood's  (F.  W.)  The  Story  of  the  Shire, 

320 
Hamlet    and    the    Scottish    Succession,    by 

Lilian  Winstanley,  279 
Hawkesbury    and    its    Owners,    The     Manor 

of,  by  Rev.  H.  L.  L.  Denny,  179 
Henry   VIII.,    Letters   and   Papers,    Foreign 

and  Domestic,  240 
Hobson's    (Bernard)    The    West    Riding    of 

Yorkshire,  400 
Hodson's   (Leonard  J.)    Udimore  :   Past  and 

Present,  99 
Ho  ward  (Thomas),  Earl  of  Arundel,  The  Life, 

Correspondence  and   Collections   of,   239 
Igglesden's    (Charles)    A    Saunter    Through 

Kent  with  Pen  and  Pencil,   100 
Incas  and  their  Industries,  The,  220 
John  Rylands  Library,  Manchester,  Bulletin 

of  the,  160 
Jusserand's   (J.    J.)    English   Wayfaring  Life 

in  the  Middle  Ages,    79 
Lamb    (Charles)  :    Miscellaneous   Essays,   ed. 

by  Hamilton  Thompson,   179 
Lamb's  (Charles)  The  Adventures  of  Ulysses, 

ed.  by  E.  A.  Gardner,  100 
Lancashire,  The  Church  Bells  of,  339 
Leicestershire,  by  G.  D.  Pingriff,  20 
London,  A    New    Book  About,   by  Leopold 

Wagner,    319 
London     County     Council  :      Indication     of 

Houses  of  Historical  Interest  to   London, 

260 

Lu-Ganda,  A  Manual  of,  340 
Maps,    Their    History,    Characteristics    and 

Uses,  by  Sir  Herbert  George  Fordham,  479 
Masefield  (John)  :  Bibliography,  500 
Mawcr's    (Allen)    Place-Names  of    Northum- 
berland and  Durham,  39 
Moliere,  by  Arthur  Til  ley,  399 
Montesinos'   (Fernando)    Memorias   Antiguas 

Historiales  del  Peru,  440 

Newspapers,  Tercentenary  Handlist  of  :  ad- 
denda  and   corrigenda,    38,    91,    118,    173, 

252,  476 
Nicholson's    (Reynold    Alleyne)    Studies    in 

Islamic  Poetry,  139 
Nofolk    and    Suffolk     Works,    Handlist     of 

Indexes  to,   260 


Books  recently  published: — 

Norwich  Castle,  by  Walter  Rye,  420 

Os horn's  (J.  Lee)  Worthing  with  its  Sur- 
roundings, 500 

Osier  (Sir  William),  Counsels  and  Ideals  from 
the  Writings  of,  359 

Oxford,  The  Historic  Names  of  the  Streets 
and  Lanes  of,  by  H.  E.  Salter,  480 

Oxfordshire  Record  Series,  The  :  Vol.  II., 
Parochial  Collections  of  Anthony  a  Wood 
and  Richard  Rawlinson,  140  .  • 

Peacock's  (W.)  English  Prose,  460 

Periodicals,  Subject  Index  to  (Class-Lists  G. 
and  H.),  480 

Peru,  Memorias  Antiguas  Historiales  del,  by 
Fernando  Montesinos,  440 

Place-Name  Study,  English,  by  Allen  Mawer, 
260 

Print  Collector's  Quarterly,  360 

Quarterly  Review,  100,  339 

Rice's  (C.  M.)  The  Story  of  '  Our  Mutual 
Friend,'  40 

Rye's  (Walter)  Norwich  Castle,  420 

Salter's  (H.  E.),  The  Historic  Names  of  the 
Streets  and  Lanes  of  Oxford,  480 

Scotland  from  the  Roman  Evacuation  to 
the  Disruption,  1843,  by  C.  S.  Terry,  19 

Scots,  A  Manual  of  Modern  (Grant  and 
Dixon),  378 

Seismology,  A  Manual  of  by  Charles  Davison, 
520 

Shakespeare  :  The  Tempest  :  being  the 
First  Volume  of  a  New  Edition  of  the 
Works  of  Shakespeare,  159 

Shakespeare  :  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona, 
edited  by  Sir  Arthur  Quiller-Couch  and 
John  Dover  Wilson,  519 

Shakespeare's  Last  Years  in  London,  1586- 
1592,  by  Arthur  Acheson,  19 

Shakespeare  Dictionary.  Part  III.  '  Mac- 
beth,' 280 

Shire,  The  Story  of  the,  by  F.  W.  Hackwood,  320 

Southern  Sketch-Book  (A),  by  A.  Leonard 
Summers,  480 

Stephens  (late  F.  G.),  reproductions  of 
drawings  from  the  collection  of,  440 

Summers's  (A.  Leonard)  A  Southern  Sketch- 
Book.  Through  Old  Sussex  from  Lewes 
to  Chichester,  480 

Terry's  (Charles  Sanford)  A  History  of  Scot- 
land from  the  Roman  Evacuation  to  the 
Disruption,  1843,  19 

Testa  de  Nevill  :  see  Book  of  Fees,  above 

Tilley's  (Arthur)  Moliere,  399 

Tompkinson's  (W.  S.)  The  Teaching  of 
English,  240 

Tower  of  London,  The,  by  W.  G.  Bell,  419 

Toynbee's  (Paget)  Britain's  Tribute  to 
Dante  in  Literature  and  Art,  439 

Uhrstrom's  (W.)  Le  Comique  et  la  Significa- 
tion, 200 

Weekley 's  (Ernest)  Etymological  Dictionary 
of  Modern  English,  459 

West  Riding  of  Yorkshire  by  Bernard 
liobson,  500 

Wilson-Barkworth's  (A.  B.)  The  Composition 
of  the  Saxon  Hundred  in  which  Hull  and 
Neighbourhood  were  situate  as  it  was  in 
its  original  condition,  160 

Worthing  with  its  Surroundings,  by  J.  Lee 
Osborn,  500 


524 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries.  July  ?>0, 1921. 


Books  recently  published  :— 

Year  Books,  The  :    Lectures  delivered  in  the 
University  of  London  by  W.   ('.  Bolland, 
199 
Booty  (Edward),  of  Brighton,  landscape  painter, 

89,  155 

Borneo,  Murray's  expedition  to,  470 
"  Boss-bent,"  meaning  of  term,  86 
Boston  :  Griffins  Wharf  and  the  Boston  tea  part v, 

107, 
Bott  (William),  his  expulsion  from  the  Stratford 

Chamber,  303 

"  Bottle-slider  "  =  "  coaster,"  37,  53,  96,  237 
Boucicault  (Dion),  his  drama,  '  The  Flying  Scud  ; 

or,  A  Four-Legged  Fortune,'  354 
Boulton  (Matthew)  and  Sheffield  plate,  170,  218 
Boyce  (Francis),  particulars  wanted,  190 
Brasses  :   at  Stoke  to  Sir  John  Daubernoun,  428 
Bread  and  butter  eating,  earliest  reference  to,  848 
Breamore,  Priory  of,  323 
Brechin,  Arms  of  the  See  of,  430 
Bretchgirdle   (John)   of   Stratford -on- Avon,    146  ; 

his  death,  284 
Brewster   (Sir  Francis),   Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin, 

1674,  432 

Bridgwater,  third  Earl  of  :   see  Egerton  (John) 
Brighton  :       income-tax     exemption,     293,    337  ; 

statues  of  George  IV.  at,  392 
Brinsmade  family,  269 
"  Britisher  "  :    "  Briton,"  use  of  the  words,  304, 

357,    395 
Bronte  (Anne),  poem  wrongly  (?)  attributed  to, 

247 
Bronte  poems  :     '  Poems  by  Currer,  Acton,  and 

Ellis  Bell,'  450 

Brooks  (John  and  Charles),  their  burial  place,  190 
Brooks  (Thomas)  of  Bath,  d.  1838,  268 
Brown  (Bateman),  d.  1909,  35 
Brown  (Peter),  passenger  on  the  Mayflower,  89 
Browne  family  of  Kiddington,  Oxon,  332 
Burke  :    quotation  from,  139  ;    reference  wanted. 

332 
Burke  (Lieut.-Col.  Thomas  B.),  evidence  in  trial 

by  court-martial  on  duellist,  382 
"  Burnt  his  Boats,"  first  use  of  the  phrase,  210 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  incumbents  of  St.   James's, 

189 
Butler  (Sajnuel),  his  school,  107  ;   quotation  from, 

118 

Butler  (Thomas),  d.  1621,  209 
Butterflies  :    Vanessa,  107 
Buttonholes,  471 
Byerley  family  of  Midridge  Grange,  Durham,  256 


Calendar:   new  style,  68,  116,  194;    reformations 

of  the,  370 
Cambridge  University  :     Master  of  the  Glomery, 

29,    57 

Campanology  :    Noal :    Cnollare  :    Pulsare,  37,  95 
Campbell  (Miss),  d.  1789,  390 
Campbell  (Gen.  Sir  Henry  F.),  Banger  of  Bich- 

mond  Park,  his  family,  210   • 
Campbell  (Lieut.-Col.  James),  45th  Foot,  51 
Campbell  (Bonald),  d.  1789,  266 
Canal etto,  English  views  by,  56 
Capel  (Giles),  fellow  of  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford, 

1540,  8 
Cardew  family  and  the  12th  Begiment,  450 


Carew  (Bamfylde  Moore)  and  the  Goadbys,  248> 

oil 

Carlisle,  second  Bishop  of,  268,  315 

Carlyle     (Thomas),     his     '  French     Bevolution '  : 

Billaud  and  Collot,  29,  78  ;   errors  in,  105,  277 
Carnarvonshire,  Edmund  Hyde  Hall's  notes  upon, 

367 

Carstairs  (Charlotte)  of  Kinross,  d.  1789,  390 
Carter  (Matthew),  130,  219 
Cary  (John),  engraver  and  map-seller,  209 
|  Castle  and  Drury  families,  310 
"  Castledowne,"  meaning  of  term,  453 
Catherinot  (Nicolas)  :   epigrammata,  371,  414 
Cats  :    "  Beware  of  the  woman  who  does  not  like 

cats,"  author  wanted,  451 
Cayeac  Tavern,  its  history,  453,  517 
Cecil  (William),  second  Earl  of  Exeter,  268 
Centenarians:  Parr  (Bobert),  d.  1757,  457 
Centipede,  held  to  be  sacred,  in  Japan,  to  god  of 

fortunes,   411 

'  Cerberus   (The)  ;     or,   Tartarean  Review,'    pub- 
lished 1830,  465 

Challinor  (William),  b.  1821,  186 
Chaloner  (Sir  Thomas),  329,  373 
Chamber  family,  glass  painters  of  York,  127 
'  Chambers's  Journal,'  old  contribution  to,  69 
Charles  II.  and  the  Smith  family,  195 
"  Charlie,  Bonnie  Prince  "  :   see  Stuart 
Charlotte  Chapel,  Westminster,  441 
Chartularies,  56,  95 
Chatterton     (Thomas),     his     apprenticeship     to 

Lambert,  31,  114;   his  death,  108 
"  Chautauqua,"  origin  of  word,  431,  474 
Cheddar  cheese,  early  references  to,  468 
Cheeses  :  fourteenth- century  types,  392  ;  early  re- 
ferences to  Cheddar,  468  ;  types  noted  by  Ger- 
vase    Markham,    1631,    469 ;    Essex   and    Ban- 
bury  types,  490  ;  types  supplied  to  the  Army 
in  1650-1,  508  ;  Tuninghen  cheese,  510 
Cherries,  proverb  about  eating,  190,  238 
Cherry  orchards  of  Kent,  their  position,  211,  275, 

352',  413 

Cheval  or  Che  vail  family,  189 
China,  willow  pattern,  496 
Chippendale  (Thomas),  his  parentage,  90 
Cholerton  surname,  derivation  of,  491 
Cholmondeley  (Beginald),  alchemical  MS.  belong- 
ing to,  49 

Christian  Names — America,  432 
Christmas  Day,  suspension  of  newspapers  on,  27 
Christmas  pudding  and  mince  pies,  70,  116 
Chudleigh   (Thomas),   his   letters   to   Sir   Richard 

Bulstrode,  189 

Church    building    and    Parliamentary    Commis- 
sioners, 1828,  450,  496 
Churches  of  St.  Michael :  see  St.  Michael 
Cicero,  quotation  from,  371,  415 
Cider  as  cure  for  rheumatism,  267,  316 
Cigarette  smoking,  432 
"  Cimaruta,"  50,  94,  258 
Cinema  :  see  Kinema 
Claret  jug,  inscription  on,  211,  257 
Clavering  (Edward)   of  Berrington,   Durham,  m. 

1789 

Clay  (Henry),  papier  mache  manufacturer,  449 
Clay  (Bobert  Hodshon),  m.  1789,  468 
Climate,  influence  of,  251 

Clocks — Gamwel    or    Camwel    (Bichard),    clock- 
maker,  230—"  Parliament  clock,"  451,  493,  515 
Cloth  Fair,  London,  310,  353,  435,  477,  516 
"  Club  "  and  "  Society,"  difference  between,  371 


Notes  and  Queries.  .Inly  :10,  1021. 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


525 


Clubs  :— 

Leander  Club,  212 
Membership  longevity,  410,  453 
Travellers'  Club,  291 
Coaching  and  carriers'  inns  in  1732,  London,  61, 

84,  102 

"  Coaster  "=  "  bottle-slider,"  37,  53,  96,  237 
Cobbold  family,  211,  254 
Cochrane  (Charles),  as  "  Juan  de  Vega,"  308,  356  ; 

as  "  the  Spanish  minstrel  "  ;  candidate  for  Par- 
liament, 371 

Cockney  pronunciation,  489 
Coco-nut  cup,  330,  395,  436 
Coffin-mouse,  212,  255 

Colclough  (John),  duel  with  Mr.  Alcock,  1808,  384 
Cole  (Sir  Henry)  and  the  Albert  memorial,  149 
Colet  (Sir  Henry),  his  civil  offices,  398,  438,  477 
O  >11< -I  and  Collett  families,  360,  398,  438 
Comba    House,    Herefordshire,    its    position    and 

owners,   510 
Comeau  (Rev.  P.),  appointed  vicar  of  Baddcsley 

Ensor  by  ballot,  429 
"  Comlies"=  blankets,  231,  277,  318 
"  Common  or  garden,"  origin  of  phrase,  392,  459 
Compass,  curious  seventeenth-century,  309,  395 
Congreve  (William),  as  a  ballad-writer,   301  ;  his 

residence  in  Dorset  and  in  Berks,  397 
Constable  (Timothy),  m.  1736/7,  409 
''  Conty  "  =  half -sovereign,  50,  99 
"  Cony  bags  "=  blanket  sacks,  231,  277,  318 
Cook  (Captain),  memorials  to,  132,  176,  198,  218, 

297,    335,    472  ;   his  crew  :   coco-nut  cup,    330, 

395,  436 

Cook  ("  Cicero  ")  the  learned  "  scout,"  391 
Cook  (Thomas  Ivie),  m.  1789,  367 
Cooke  (G.  A.)  and  his  county  itineraries,  393,  436, 

456,  498 

Cope  (Sir  John),  portrait  of,  487 
Corker  or  Corcor,  surname,  449 
Cork  harbour,  Prince  Rupert's  Fort,  169 
Cornwall  (Duke  of),  the  title  :   incident  relating 

to,   26 
Corsica  :   British  regiments   in,    10,    35,    59,    75 — 

War-dogs,  392 
"  Counts  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,"  148,  212, 

273,  333 

Court-martial,  trial  of  duellist  by,  381,  402,  422 
Cousin     (Gilbert),     1506-1572,     Erasmus's     secre- 
tary, 447 

Covent  Garden  Market,  pictures  of,   348,   417 
Covill,  surname,  132,  197 
Cowan  (Margaret  Grant),  d.    1789,   266 
Cowper,   pronunciation   of   name,    110,    179,    237, 

299,  338,  377 

Cranstoun  (Hon.  George),  d.   1788,  266 
Craven  pack  of  foxhounds,  391 
Crawford  (Henry),  d.   1789,  390 
Cricket:  "Ashes,"  origin  of  term,   110,   135 
<  Yipplegate  Ward,  drawings  wanted,  109 
(Yisp  (I).),   pedestrian   performance  in    1818,   428 
Croke  (Robert),  his  family,  89 
Crombie  (Rev.  William),  d.  1789,  268 
Crook  (John),  Quaker,  b.  1617,  150 
Crook  (Sir  Thomas),  Bart.,  432,  478 
Crucifixion  in  art  :  the  spear  wound,  253 
(Yuikshank  and  Westminster  School,   12 
'  Cruikshank's  Random  Shots,'  466 
Crusoe's  (Robinson)  island,  348,  415 
Culbin  Sands,   190,  235,  318,  358 
Culloden,  Scottish  emigrants  after,   171 
Culver  Hole,  Gower,  Glamorganshire,  370,  413 


Culverwell  (Dr.  Robert  James),  b.  1802,  152.    19.'! 
Cripples    (George),    his    '  llinchbridge    Haunted.' 

211,   254,   298 
"  Curry  favour,"  512 
Curtis  (Edward)  of  Bristol,   132 
Custos  Rotulorum,  rights  and  duties  of,  347,  435 


Dairies,  exemption  from  window  tax,  449,  492,  518 

"  Damas,'  origin  of  word,   489 

Dances  :  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley,  350,  415,  455 

Dancing,  nuns  and,  188,  253 

Dante,  earliest  reference  to  in  Russian  literature, 
411,  496 

Danteiana,  39,  463,  517 

Darley  (George),  edition  of  writings  in  prepara- 
tion, 500 

"  Darling,"  name  for  smallest  pig  of  a  litter,  435 

Dartmoor  :  Green  Man  inn,  498 

Daubernoun  (Sir  John),  brass  to,  428 

"  David  Lyall,"  users  of  the  pseudonym,  29 

Dawson  (William),  d.    1789,  266 

"  Death  as  Friend,"  drawing  by  Rethel,  191,  234, 
255 

De  Deene,  Windsor  and  Denny  families,  33 

Defoe  (Daniel),  and  Africa,  source  of  his  inspira- 
tion, 251  ;  in  the  pillory,  12,  78,  118  ;  Robinson 
Crusoe's  island,  348,  415;  his  relations: 
William  Gordon,  432 

De  Foix  :  see  Foix 

"  Demagogue,"  earliest  use  of  the  word,  447 

De  Mandeville  :  see  Mnndeville 

Denis  (Michael),  poem  on  Gellert,  509 

Denny,  De  Deene  and  Windsor  families,   33 

Denton  (John),  "  Rector  of  Stonegrave  in  Y'orks," 

De  Redvers  :  see  Redvers 

Desaguliers  (Rev.  J.  T.),  his  family,  76 

'  Devil  in  London,  The,'  published  1832,  466 

Dewar  (Surgeon),  m.   1789,   188 

Dickens  (Charles),  and  Cibber's  '  Apology,'  149  ; 
at  Hazebrouck,  207  ;  predecessors  of  '  Edwin 
Drood,'  349  ;  his  '  Martin  Chuzzlewit  '  :  Elijah 
Pogram,  389  ;  and  Henry  VIII.,  432  ;  and  the 
Bronte  poems,  450  ;  mistranslation  in,  487 

Dickson  (James)  and  slave  trade  in  Jamaica,  212 

Dickson   (James),    bookseller   of    Edinburgh,    310 

Dickson  (Maria),  d.  1830,  249 

Dickson  (Robert),  b.  1794-6,  230 

Dickson  (Samuel),  b.  1802,  his  ancestry,  28 

Dickson  family  of  Scotland,  28,  78 

"  Diehards  "  :  see  Middlesex  Regiment 

Diehl  (Alice  Mangold),  author  of  '  Isola,'  413 

Diocesan  Calendars,  earliest,  276 

Disraeli's  "  Popkins  Plan  "  and  John  Mac  Gregor, 
226 

Dixon  (Edward)  of  Halton,  b.  1778,  59 

Dixon  of  Furness  Fells,  15 

Dobel  (John)  of  Jersey,  70,  116 

Dodd  (Dr.  William)  and  Charlotte  Chapel,  West- 
minster, 441 

Dogs,  crucifixion  of,  390 

Domestic  history  of  the  nineteenth-century,  17. 
195,  256 

Douglas  (Archibald)  of  Dornock,  69 

Douglas  (John),  his  '  Seasonable  Hints  .  .  . 
on  a  new  Reign  and  a  New  Parliament,'  179 

Douglass  (Clementina  Johannes  Sobiesky),  d.  1771, 


526 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


Drake.  (Mrs.)  of  Esher  and  '  Mrs.  Drake  Re- 
vived,' 88,  134 

Drayton  (James),  his  letters  to  J.  Petiver, 
313 

Drebbel  (Cornelius),  Dutch  naturalist,  28 

Drury  and  Castle  families,  310 

Dryden,  his  poem  '  On  the  Young  Statesman,' 
118 

Dublin  street  and  place  names,  509 

Duck  and  Jenkinson  families,  249 

Duelling: — 

Alcock  (Mr.)  and  John  Colclough,   1808,  384 
Montgomery    (Col.)    and    Capt.    Macnamara, 

1803,  384 

Rudkin  (Capt.  Mark)  and  John  Philpot : 
trial  of  Capt.  Rudkin  by  court-martial, 
381,  402,  422 

"  Dullened,"  use  of  the  word,  347 
Dumas    (Alexander),  his  '  Count  of  Monte  Cristo,' 

229,  372 

Dumfermeling  (Alexander,  Earl  of),  poem  on,  410 
Duncan   (Alexander),   surgeon  in  Cullen,  m.  1789, 

368 

Dunfraoich,  the  legend  of  50 
Dyer  (Captain),  m.  1789,  468 


E 


Egerton  (John),  third  Earl  of  Bridgwater  :  French 

novel  founded  on  the  fortunes  of,  87 
Eighteenth  century  life,  books  on,  79,   158 
Elder  in  folklore,  18 
Elizabeth's  (Queen)   statue,   St.  Dunstan's-in-the- 

West,  294,  317 

Ellingham  family,  arms  of,  391,  516 
Emerson  (Ralph  Waldo),  elucidation  of    passages 

in  his  '  English  Traits,'  15,  32,  117,  299 
"  Eminere,"  use  of  the  word,  32 
"  Empire,"  use  of  the  word,  191,  258,  315,  335 
Englefield  Green,  cottage  at,   130 
Engraving  of  old  soldier,  name  of  artist  wanted, 

410 
Epigrammatists,  names  and  death-dates  wanted, 

371  ;  particulars,  414 

Epitaphs : — 

Here  lies  Will  Salter  honest  man.  ...  148 
His  labour  done,  no  more  to  town.  .  .  239 
"  Honest,"  413,  498 

in  Benson  Church,  Oxon,  409 — Haddiscoe 
churchyard,  Suffolk,  148,  196 — Lowestoft 
churchyard,  409,  433 — Ludlow  church- 
'yard,  Suffolk,  148,  196 — Lydford  church- 
yard, 211,  318 — Walton  churchyard,  Liver- 
pool, 368 

on  Abingdon  (John),  coachman,  239 — 
Billinge  (William),  211,  260,  335 — Frank- 
lin (Benjamin),  433 — Miles  (George), 
blacksmith,  368 — Quelche  (Ralph  and 
Jane),  409 — Routledge  (George),  318— 
Routleigh  (George),  211,  260,  318— Salter 
(Will),  coachman,  148,  196 — Webb  (Lewis), 
409 

Erasmus,  motto  of,  191 

Exeter  (second  Earl  of) :  see  Cecil  (William) 
Exeter  College,   Oxford,  provides  four  Heads  of 
Colleges,  129 


Falkirk  Battle  Roll  of  1297,  471 

Farndon,  near  Chester,  communion  cup  pre- 
sented by  John  Speed,  370 

Fawcet  (Thomas),  printer,  293,   337 

ffairebanck  and  Rawson  families,  307 

ffiolaid  "  :  see  Phiolad 

Field  (Nathaniel),  his  work  in  the  '  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher  '  plays,  141,  164,  183,  204 

Fielding  (Henry),  his  pamphlet  '  The  Female 
Husband,'  184 

Fieldson  family,  171 

52nd  Regiment  of  Foot  in  1781-2,  191,  235 

'  Figaro  in  London,'  published   1831,   488 

Fire  pictures,  370,  418 

Fitzherbert  (Mrs.),  her  residence  at  Brighton,  331, 
374 

Flag  flown  on  Armistice  Day,  origin  sought,  510 

Flannel  (Nicholas)  d.   1419,  348 

"  Flippancy,"  use  of  the  word,  467 

Flying  :  see  Aeronautics 

"  Flying  Scud,"  racehorse,  417,  436 

Foix  (Gaston  de),  author  of  the  '  Livre  de  la 
Chasse,'  211,  257 

Folk-lore:— 

A  miscellany  of  modern,  203 

Elder,   18 

Peacocks'  feathers,  37,  316 
Folk  rhymes,  203 
"  Foolproof,"  meaning  of  word,  511 
Forbes  (Captain),  m.  1789,  468 
Forbes  (Major  Jonathan),  78th  Highlanders,  51 
"  Fordraught  "  or  "  Fordraft,"  meaning  of  word, 

450,  478 

Forrester  (Andrew),  his  wife,  71 
Foscolo  (Ugo),  1778-1827,  191,  256 
Foundlings  in  the  eighteenth  century,  191,  238 
Fountains  running  with  wine,  228 
"  Four-bottle  men,"  310,  357,  418,  518 
Fowl  Island  (Ki-tau),  392 

Fox,  Fowler  and  Co.,  and  private  bank  notes,  227 
Foxes  and  lambs,  511 
Foxhounds  :  Craven  pack,  391,  436 
Frank  (George)  of  Frankenau,  189,  237 
Franklin  nights  (or  days),  curious  belief,  411,  476, 

514 

French  prisoners  of  war  in  England,  38,  99 
Friday  Street,  origin  of  name,  16,  76 
Fuller  (Thomas),  merchant  of  Amsterdam,  250 
Functionaries,  rights  and  duties  of,  347,  435 
"  Funeral  "  cake,  129,  207,  297,  337 


Gage  family,  371 

Gaillard  (Pierre  Francois),  14 

Gaimar,  his  patron  :     "  Raul  le  fiz  Gilebert,"   104 

Gale  (Theophilus)  and  Magdalen  College,  Oxford, 

471 

Gallic  era  "  eighty-eight,"  251,  273 
Gallini  (Francis  and  John),  Westminster  scholars, 

1782,  391 

Games : — 

Children's  :  the  year's  round  of,  309,  355,  418 

Huddlings  =  shovelboard,   59 

"  Wake  "  game,  95,  176 

Ganiwel  or  Camwel  (Richd.),  clockmaker,  230 
Gascoigne  (George)  and  Wal^hamstow,  130,  237 


tfotes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


527 


Geddes  (Alexander),  m.  1789,  468 

"  Geen  "  whisky,  350,  394 

Genealogists,  professional,  410 

'Gentleman's  Magazine  Library,  1731-1868': 
zoological  references,  251 

Geophone,  listening  instrument,  47 

George  I.,  gift  of  gold  bowl  to  George  Lamb,  59 

George  III.,  and  Frances  Hay  wood,  28 

George  IV.,  statues  at  Brighton,  392 

Gervase  de  Cornhill,  229 

Ghost  stories  connected  with  old  London  Bridge, 
330,  397,  434 

Gibbon  :  reference  to  his  '  Decline  and  Fall,'  431, 
476 

Gibson  (Edmund),  Bishop  of  Lincoln  and  of 
London,  17 — ,  210 

Gilbert  (Joseph),  member  of  Capt.  Cook's  crew, 
330 

'  Giovanni  in  London  :  a  Journal  of  Literature, 
Anecdote,  Wit,  &c.,'  published  1832,  466 

Glass-painters  of  York :  Chamber  family,  127  ; 
Inglish  family,  323  ;  Shirley  family,  364 ; 
Shirwyn  family,  406  ;  John  Witton,  442  ;  Pres- 
ton family,  485 

Gledhill  (Grace  America),  m.  c.  1749,  432 

Globes,  terrestrial,  their  use  in  schools,  69,  134 

"  Globist  "=  "  starer,"  267,  312 

"  Gnawn,"  use  of  word,  347 

Goadby  (Robert)  and  '  The  Life  and  Adventures 
of  Bampfylde  Moore  Carew,'  56,  132 

Godwin  (Mary)  of  Harrow,  490 

"  Gog  and  Magog,"  the  Guildhall  effigies,  386 

Golden  Ball,  Southampton  Street,  St.  Giles's,  268, 
317,  357 

'  Golden  Manual,  The,'  331,  358 

"  Good  old,"  use  of  the  phrase,  468,  516 

Gordon  (Mr.),  philanthropist,  near  Blackheath, 
410 

Gordon  (Henrietta),  dame  (Valour  to  the  Queen  of 
France,  210 

Gordon  (J.  E.),  etcher,  10 

Gordon  (Dr.  James  Alexander),  1793-1872,  29 

Gordon  (Rev.  John),  compiler  of  '  The  Golden 
Manual,'  331 

Gordon  (Michael),  minor  poet,  313,  357 

Gordon  (Robert)  and  "  The  Joseph  Hume  of  Dor- 
setshire," 350 

Gordon  (Rose)  :   '  Childe  Archie's  Pilgrimage,'  331 

Gordon  (Mrs.  Susanna),  her  will,  170,  218 

Gordon  (Thomas),  translator  of  Menzel's  '  Ger- 
man Literature,'  390 

Gouger,  surname,  89,  195 

Gounod's  piano,  267 

Graham  (Lady  Anne),  her  ancestry,  70,  116,  136 

"  Granpole  "  =  basking  shark,  71,  135 

Gray  (James),  his  '  Life  in  Bombay,'  56 

Gray  (Thomas),  his  '  Play-exercise  at  Eton,'  and 
Pope's  '  Essay  on  Man,'  101  ;  his  '  Elegy,' 
variations  in,  249,  336 ;  "  noiseless  tenour," 
294,  319,  339,  358,  457  ;  American  editions,  509 

Great  Malvern  Priory  Church,  rebuilding,   13 

Greek,  pronunciation  of,  26,  78,  214,  275 

Green  (Major  Samuel)  of  Killaghy,  his  wife,    88 

Greene  (Sir  Thomas),  his  death,   251 

"  Greyened,"  use  of  word,  347 

Grey  in  sense  of  Brown,  68,  116,  154 

Griffith  (Philip,  Robert,  and  John),  Westminster 
Scholars,  1820,  371 

Grin  (Henry  Louis)  =  Louis  de  Rougemont,  508 

Gunpowder  plot  conspirators,  route  through 
Worcestershire,  152,  199 


H 

"  H.K.,"  member  for  Maldon,   169,   217,  335 

H.Z.H.,  water-colours  signed  by :  particulars  of 
painter  wanted,  294 

Habeas  Corpus  Act,  third  reading  in  House  of 
Lords,  311,  353 

Hackney, 'origin  of  place-name,  470,  513 

Haines  (Joe),  secretary  of  Sir  Joseph  Williamson 
at  the  Court  of  Louis  XIV.,  401 

Hair-brushes,  first  use  of,  489 

"  Half-sovereign  "  :  early  use  of  term,   267 

Hall  (Edmund  Hyde),  his  '  Notes  upon  Carnarvon- 
shire,' 367 

Hambly  House,  Streatham,   11,  54 

Hamilton  (Count  Gustavis),  Field  Marshal  of 
Sweden,  115 

Hamilton  (William),  in   1789,   367 

Hamiltons  at  Holyrood,  115,  154 

Handling  of  sources,   73 

Hands  (John),  his  travels  in  India,   211 

Hands,  wringing  of,   470,   512 

Handshaking,  451,  495 

Hankey  (Sir  Frederick)  of  the  51st  and  19th 
Regiments,  5 1 

Harborne  or  Harbron  family,  167 

Hareway,  road  in  Berks,   331,   378 

"  Harlequin,"  use  of  the  word,  490 

Harvey  of  Broadland  (Alexander),  his  marriage, 
1789,  188 

Hathaways  of  Shottery,  223 

Hats:    "wideawake,"    117,    197 

Hatton  (Joshua),  his  death,  106 

"  Haven  under  the  Hill,"  The  :  see  under  Pro- 
verbs and  Phrases 

Hawke  family,  151 

Haywood  (Frances)  and  George  III.,  28 

Hazebrouck,  historical  notes,  121,  143,  197,  214; 
Charles  Dickens  at,  207 

Hearth  tax,  471,  518 

Hebrew  and  English  idioms,  512 

"  Heightem,  Tightem  and  Scrub,"  78 

Hellier  (Samuel)  of  Rushock,  Worcestershire, 
229 

Henderson  (John),  in  1789,  468 

Henry  VIII.,  described  by  Dickens  as  "  a  spot  of 
blood  and  grease  upon  the  page  of  English 
history,"  432 

Heraldry  :— 

Arg.  a  bend  between  two  cannons  Sa.,  201 
Arg.,  on  a  bend  between  two  dolphins  sa., 

three  martlets  displayed  of  the  first,  with 

crest,  a  buck's  head  or,  201 
Argent,    three    piles    in    point   gules,    430 
Azure,    three    doves    argent,  beaks    and    legs 

gules,   253 

Barry  of  eight  or  and  gules,  131 
Brechin,  arms  of  the  See  of,  430 
Chevron,    purpure,    between    three    (query) 

cat-a-mountain  heads,  or,  150 
Chevron    between    three    martlets    with    five 

cinque  foils  on  the  chief,  430 
Chevron  with  three  millrind  crosses,  430 
Durham :  memorial  tombs,  38 
Gules,   a  lion  rampant,   tail  forked,   argent, 

207 

Or,  three  piles  in  point  gules,  430 
Paly  of  six,  az.  and  ar.  on  a  bend  gu.  three 

cinquefoils  or,  152,  236 


528 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


Notes1  and  yucrirs.  July    :',().  1021. 


Heraldry  :— 

Party  with  a  lion  counter-coloured,   430 
Per  less  a  pale  countercharged,  between  three 

swans  ducally  gorged  and  chained,  .470 
Plume  mantlings  in,   491 
Quarterly,  sable  and  argent,   308,  357 
Sable,  on  a  chevron  between  three  butterflies 

argent,  an  escutcheon  of  the  field,  charged 

with  a  fleur-de-lys,  30 

SaJ)le,  three  ducal  crowns  in  pale,  or,  267 
St.    Augustine's    Abbey,     Bristol,    267,     315, 

495 

Heralds'  visitations,  489 

Herbert  (Ma]. -Gen.  the  Hon.  William),  his  wife, 

109,  194 
Herbert     (William),     Earl    of    Huntingdon    and 

Richard  III.,  270 
Herbert  of  Cherbury  (Lord),  his   '  De  Veritate,' 

293 

Hertfordshire,  the  hermit  of,  38 
"  He  will  never  set  the  sieve  on  fire,"  use  of  the 

expression,  331,  378.    416 
Hibberd  (Shirley),  his  verse,  226 
Hicks   (Alderman  John),  his  MS.   History  of  St. 

Ives,  489 

Himalayas,  Wilson  the  ranger  of,  151,  194,  216 
'  Hinchbridge  Haunted  :  a  Country  Ghost  Story,' 

211,  254,  298 

Hincknian  (Richard)  of  Glasgow,  m.  1789,  368 
"  His  Excellency,"  use  of  title,  110 
Hodgkin  (J.  Eliot),  alchemical  MS.  belonging  to, 

49 

"  Hoe  "  cake,  derivation  of  name,  236 
Hop-picking  songs,  511 
Hogarth  miniature  frames,  210,  259 
"  Hogle  Grodeles,"  nature  of  malady,  148 
Holder  (William),  Westminster  scholar,  1733,  90, 

137 
Hollingbery  (Charles),  Westminster  scholar,  1826, 

109 
Hollingworth    (Frederick),    Westminster    scholar, 

1745,  131 
Hollingworth  (John),  Westminster  scholar,    1747, 

131 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  Coimts  of  the  :  see  Counts  of 

the  Holy  Roman  Empire 
"  Honourable,  The,"  use  of  title,  110 
"  Honourable,  Mr.  The,"   use  of  title,    110,    176, 

299 

Hook  (Rev.  William),  b.  1601,  10,  39 
Horse  Guards  :  see  Royal  Horse  Guards 
Horseguards  buildings,  demolition  of,  58,  177 
Horsehair  armour,  Spanish,  294 
"  Horseleperd,"  meaning  of  word,  34 
Horse-riding  records,  509 
Horses,  cream-coloured,  338,  396;  wild,  511 
Howard  (Mr.)  of  Knaresford,  pedestrian  perform- 
ance in  1818,  428 
Howard    (John),    the    philanthropist,     portraits 

of,   169,  216 

"  Howlers,"  use  of  expression,  449 
"  How  to  be  Happy  Though  married,"  first  use  of 

title,  368 

Huddlings,  a  game,  59 

Hughes  (John)  'of  Liverpool,  A.D.,  1706,  12,  54 
Hume  (David),  his  '  Philosophical  Essays,'  248 
"  Hume  (Joseph)  of  Dorsetshire,"  350 
"  Hun,"  use  of  the  term,  35 
Hundredth  Psalm:  Gaelic  versions,  233 
.Hunger  strike  in  xivth  century,  293,  354,  398 


Hunt  (Leigh),  his  sonnet  of  welcome  to  House- 
hold Words  (1850), 50;  "Dirge"  ("Blessed  is 
the  turf  .  .  .  "),  attributed  to,  91,  139 

Huske(  John),  member  of  Parliament  for  Maldoii, 
169,  217,  335 


Idioms,   Hebrew  and  English,  512 
"  Illy,"  American  use  of  word,  449 
Incense,  post-reformation  use  of,  29,  72,   115,  178 
I  Income  tax,  exemption  for  Brighton,  293,  337 
!  "  Indian  grass,"  substitute  for  horsehair  for  fishing 

lines,   190 
Ingham  (Sir  James),  chief  magistrate,  Bow  Street, 

1875,  449 

Inglish  family,  glass-painters  of  York,  323 
'  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  reference  in,  to  Lyon  Levi's 
suicide  from  the  Monument,  392,  434,  473 

Inns  :— 

Dolphin  (Ludgate  Hill),  228,  313 

London  coaching  and  carriers  inns  in    1732, 

61,  84,  102 

Imiys  collection  of  maps,  151 
Inscriptions — in  old  house  at  St.  Albans,  468;    on 

Phaestos  Disk,  15J,  237,  275 
"  No     Jews  —  Lord     Egmont     for     ever "      (on 

claret-jug),  211,  257 
"  Ivalid  Office,"  Whitehall,  130 
Ireland  :  Sors  lernica,  468 
Ireland  family,  269 
Irish  family  histories,   236;   O'Reilly  of   Dublin, 

445  ;  Reynolds  of  Coolbeg,  Co.  Donegal,  50:2 
Ironmongers  Hal],  demolition,  488 
Isabella  de  Fortibus,  the  last  Lady  of  the  Isle 

of  Wight,  322 

Italian  exchange  in  early  XVIIth  century,  408 
Italy,  the  beginning  of  aesthetic  criticism  in,  244, 

288 


Jack's  Coffee  House  :  token,   108 

Jacob  (Giles),  his  year-books  and  law  reports,  '21  '2 

Jacobite  rising  of  1715,  transportations  after,  510 

Jamaica,  slave  owners  in,  212 

Jarnes  (G.  P.  R.)»  the  novelist,  his  mother,  51 

Jay  (Cyrus),  his  '  The  Law,  What  I  have  Seen,' 

448 

Jenkinson  and  Duck  families,  249 
'  Jerusalem,  my  Happy  Home,'  hymn,  432,  475 
Joan  of  Arc,  suit  of  armour  worn  by,  469,  .">  |  .~> 
Johnson  (Dr.)  and  the  "  pretty  voluminous  author," 

10  ;   his   portrait  in   Hill's   edition  of  BoswelJ, 

229,  274,  298 

Johnson  (John)  of  Hull,  m.   1789,   368 
Johnson  (Robert),  Governor  of  South  Carolina,  d. 

1735,    449,    514 

Johnston   (Major  Arthur),    19th  Foot,   51 
Jones  (T.),  author  of    '  The  Heart  its  right  Sov- 
ereign '  :  particulars  wanted,    7 1 
"  Juan  de  Vega  "  :  see  Cochrane  (Charles) 
Juan    Fernandez    as    Robinson    Crusoe's    island , 

348,  415 
Jungtow    (Julius),    his    engraving    '  Der    Tod    a  Is 

Fremid,'   234,  255 


:\otrs  and  Queries,  July  :j(),  11)21. 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


529 


Keats,  bibliography  wanted,  230 

Keith  (Dr.  Alexander),  18 

Kensington  gravel  pits,  30,  57,  76 

Kensington  Square,  pamphlet  on,  32 

Kent,  Cherry  orchards  in,  211,  275,  352,  413 

Kentish  "  Boroughs,"  78 

Kenyon  (Michael),  refusal  to  fight  against  Irish 
Catholics,  349 

Kielley  (Edward),  evidence  in  trial  by  court- 
martial  on  duellist,  382 

Kildaltou  Cross,  Islay,  35 

Kinema  or  Cinema,  spelling  and  pronunciation, 
89,  196 

Kings  of  England,  signatory  marks,  33  ;  Lord  of 
Baux,  390,  456 

Kingston  House,  Knightsbridge,    230,    276 

Kioto  (Chionin),  Japanese  artist,  411 

Kirkpatrick  (John),  m.  1789,  367 

Ki-tau  (Fowl  Island),  392 

Koop  (Matthias)  and  paper  made  from  straw,  447 


Labrador,  curious  beliefs  in,  266 

Ladies'  portraits  in  Royal  Academy,  510 

Lamb  (Charles)  and  Russell-street,  Covent  Garden, 

109,    156;   political   verses  attributed  to,    306, 

395 

Lancashire  settlers  in  America,  227,  375,  418,  436 
Land  tenure  :   "  Auster,"   meaning  of  term,    109, 

192,  233,  516 

Langham  (John)  of  Leicestershire,  d.  1766,  431 
Langham  (William),  d.  1838,  191 
Larwood  (Jacob),  pseudonym,  508 
Lathrop  (Ann)  of  Westminster,  132,  237 
Lathrop  family,  132 

Latin,  pronunciation  of,  26,  78,  214,  275 
Lawless   (Emily),  author  of  '  With  Wild  Geese,' 

451,  499 

Leander  club  :  early  records  sought,  212 
Le  Blanc  (Sir  Simon),  d,  1816,  171 
Legay  family  of  Southampton  and  London,   341, 

362,  385,  451 

'  Legitimist  Kalendar,'  first  issue,  14 
Leg  of  Mutton  Clubs,  250,  299 
I^opold  I.  of  Belgium,  portrait  of,  89 
Letters,  mode  of  concluding,  55 
Levi  (Lyon),   1810,  suicide  of,   392,   434 
Libraries,   representative   county,    8,    34,    54,    76, 

111,  155,  198,  272 
Liddle    and    Scott's    '  Greek    Lexicon  '  :     revised 

edition  to  be  published,  119,  158  ;  dates  of  ear- 
lier editions,  3.'5s 
Lightfoot  (Philip  and  John),  emigrants  to  America, 

1750-1790,    410,    458 
"  Lightly  come,  lightly  go,"  early  use  of   proverb, 

488 

Lilley  (Manor  of),  Hertfordshire,  469 
"  Limmig,"  Earl  of  Chester:    Lymage,  co.  Hants, 

149 
Lions,  age  of,  338,  378  ;  in  the  Tower  of  London, 

338 

"  Little  Englander,"  origin  of  phrase,  431,  474 
"  Liverpool    Gentleman    and    Manchester    Man," 

origin  of  saying,  250,  337 
Liverpool  halfpenny,  294,  337 


Locker-Lampson     (Frederick),     publications     by, 

307,  355,  397 
Lockhart's  '  Life  of  Scott,'  passage  in  (the  divorced 

Lady ),  50 

Loe    (Rev.    William),    rector    of    Kirbvmasham, 

Yorkshire,  191 

Logan  (Rev.  John),  d.   1788,  266 
"  Loke,"  meaning  of  word,  299 

London  : — 

Books  on,  the  earliest,  329 

Cloth  fair,  310,  353,  435,  477,  516 

Coaching  and  Carriers  Inns  in   1732,   61,   84, 

102,  116,  159 
Coffee    Houses,    Taverns    and    Inns    in    the 

eighteenth  century,  196 
Etchings,  by  Jane  Smith,   228 
Historical :  in  the  fifties   and  sixties  :    Police 

uniforms,   14 

Ironmonger's  Hall,  demolition  of,  488 
"  Packer-ship  "  of,  111,  193 
Periodicals,  1830-1833,  465,  488 
Post-marks,  18,  34,  56 
Society  in  1747,  211 
Sugar  houses,  268 
London  Bridge,  ghost  stories  connected  with,  330, 

397,  434 

'  London  Journal,'   448 

Longevity,  record  in  :  Macphergon  family,     348 
Longhi   (Alessandro),   his   '  Compendio   delle  Vite 

de  '  Pittori  Veneziani,'   390 
Lord -Lieutenant,  rights  and  duties  of,   347 
Lord's  Prayer  in  the  Gipsey  or  Romany  language, 

250,  297,  316 

Loretto,  place  name,  48,  114 

Lorimer  (James),  matriculated  at  Marischal  Col- 
lege, Aberdeen,   1670,  450 
Louis  XIV,  an  English  comedian  at  the  court  of, 

401 

Lovelace  (Francis),  Governor  of  New  York,  7 
Lowis  (Capt.  Ninian),  m.  1789,  367 
Loyola,  St.  Ignatius  of  :  see  St.  Ignatius 
Lucas,  the  hermit  of  Hertfordshire,  38 
Lucas  (Paul),  his  '  Journey  through  Asia  Minor,' 

348,  398,  438 
"  Lucasia,"  Mrs.  Katherine  Philips'*  name  for  Miss 

Annie  Owen  of  Landshipping,  68 
Ludgate,  origin  of  the  name,  458,  479 
"  Lyall  (David),"  users  of  the  pseudonym,  29 
Lyster  (Col.  Thomas),  presented  by  Napoleon  with 
silver  coffee- urn,  410 


M 


Macburney    (James),   portrait    painter,    431,     474, 

516 

McCulloch  (Andrew),  m.   1789,  188 
McCunn  (William),  m.  1789,  468 
McDougal  (Anne  Hay),  d.  1789,  266 
MacGuire  (Thomas),   Attorney- General  of    North 

Carolina,  511 
McGregor      (John)      as      original      of      Disraeli's 

"  Popken's  Plan,"  226 
Mackay  (Dr.),  m.  1789,  468 
Mackay  (Spencer),  armiger,  29 
McKirmell  (William),  d.   1789,  266 
Maclaren  ( John),  m.  1789,  368 
.MeLeod   (Alexander),    Westminster  scholar,    1807, 

511 


530 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


ISTotes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


Macnamara  (Capt.),  duel  with  Col.   Montgomery, 

1803,    384 
Macnamara  (Countess)  and  the  Bourbons,  49,  114, 

215 

Macpherson  family,  348 
"Magdalen"   or  "  Mawdlen,"   pronunciation,  366, 

417,  453,  494,  517 
Magdalen  College,   Oxford,  and  Theophilus  Gale. 

471 

Maginn  (William)  and  Lord  Byron,  430 
Magrath     (Meiler),     Archbishop     of     Cashel,     his 

family,  470 

Manchester  and  Milford  Railway,  510 
Mandeville  (de),  his  book, '  The  Fable  of  the  Bees,' 

433,  499 
Mannequin,    eighteenth    century    references    to, 

170,  218 

Manor  of  Lilley,  Hertfordshire,  469 
Maps,  Inry's  collection  of,  151 
Marbury  family,  292 

Markham  (Gervase),  English  cheeses  noted  by,  469 
Marlborough  (first  Duke  of),  his  education,  50,  96 
Marny   (Paul),   water-colour  artist,    88,    136,    235 
Marriages,  188,  367,  468 
Martin  (John)  of  Kilwhanity,  m.  1789,  368 
Martin    (Marten),    mentions   in   Pepys's    '  Diary,' 

433 

Martineau  (Harriet),  correspondence  of,  421 
Martineau  (Susan),'  correspondence  of,  422 
Maruyama  (P.),  Japanese  artist,  411 
Masquerier  (Louis),  goldsmith  of  Haymarket,  449 
Masson    (Gustave    and    J.    R.)    and   Madame    de 

Sevigne,    27 

Maude  (William),  d.  1789,  266 
Maughfling  family,  257 

Maundrell,   his    '  Journey  from  Aleppo   to   Jeru- 
salem,' 89,  137 

Maximilian  William,  brother  of  George  I.,  512 
Mayall,  surname,    511 
Mayne  (Robert),  M.P.  for  Gatton,  his  marriage, 

May  saying :     "  Don't  cast  a  clout  till  May  be 

out,"  490 

Maxwell  (James),  m.   1798,   188 
Medal,  silver,  identification  sought,  512 
'  Meliora,'  quarterly  review,   30 
Melles  of  Newhall  (James),  m.   1789,  468 
Memorials    and    statues    in    the    British    Isles  : 

royal  personages,  25 
Menzel's  '  German  Literature,'  390 
Mercandotti    (Mile.)    and    Edward    Hughes    Ball 

Hughes,   16 

Meridians  of  London  and  of  Greenwich,  209,  257 
Mermaid  at  her  toilet,  origin  of  figure,  309,  398 
Middlesex  Regiment,  origin  of  name  "  Diehards," 

431,  459 

Milburn  family  and  John  Milton,  131 
"  Milk  of  Paradise,"  in  Coleridge's  '  KublaKhan  ' 

331 

Miller  (Mrs.)  of  Cumnock,  d.  1789,  390 
Milles  (Christopher),  Chief  Justice  of  Senegambia, 

d.  1771,  489 

Milner    (Robert,    Thomas    and    William),    West- 
minster Scholars,  470 
Milton  (John)  and  the  Milburns,  131 
Misaubin  (Dr.  John),  d.   1734,  511 
Mitford   (Mary   Russell),    amount   of   her   lottery 

prize,    1799,   350,   393 
Mithridates,  antidote  of,  27 
"  Mobs  Hole,"  meaning  wanted,  489 
'  Modern  English  Biography,'  announcement,  320 


Molle  (Henry)  and  Peterhouse,  248 
Mompesson  (Roger),  M.P.,  111,  158 
Mont  Blanc,  early  ascents  of,  30,  77 
Monteagle  (Lord),  portrait  of,  114 
Montgomery  (Col.),  duel  with  Capt.  Macnamara 

in   1803,   384 

Monument  (The),  suicides  from,  392,  434,  473 
Morghen  (Raphael),  engraver,  501 
Morice  (George  Farquhar),  trial  by  court-martial, 

1826,  402 

Morris  (Capt.  Charles)  and  Thackeray,  251,  298 
Morthland  (John),  m.  1789,  367 
Morton  (Rev.  Charles),  b.  1626,  10,  39 
Mothering    Sunday,    rose-coloiired   vestments   on, 

249,    296,    332 

Mottoes  :— 

Family,  471 

Horas  non  numero  nisi  et  serenas,  511 
Lavins  (?  Levins)  Fit  Patientia,  349 
Mouatt  (Alexander,  Frederick,  and  James),  West- 
minster scholars,  431 
Mouse  squeak  as  ill  omen,  212,  255 
Murray  (Hon.  Erskine),  his  expedition  to  Borneo, 

470 

Murray  (John),  m.  1789,  188 
Musgrave  (Simeon),  his  parentage,  370 
Music  in  the  early  eighteenth  century,  350 
Musters  (Robert),  Westminster  scholar,  1720,  470 

N 

Nail- cutting,  medical  value  of,  248 

Napoleon,  projected  escape  from  St.  Helena,  366  ; 

and    London,  369,  412,    457;    Boily's   painting 

of,  391  ;  434;  relic  of ,  410 
Napoleon  (Louis),  poetical  works,  14,  54 
Naval  and  military  funds,  eighteenth  century,  347 
Neale    and    Winkworth,    builders    of    St.    Peter's 

Chapel-of-Ease,  Westminster,  441 
Nebuchadnezzar,  "  poem  "  on,   33 
'  Neck  or  Nothing  '  :  author  wanted,  509 
Neilson  (Lilian  Adelaide),  d.  1880,  357 
New  England,  religious  persecution  in,  16,  117 
'  New  Figaro,  The  '  published  183 — ,  466 
Newman  (Cardinal),  his  birth  place,  208 
'  Newspapers,     Tercentenary    Handlist    of '      see 

under  Books  recently  published 
New  Theatre,  Hammersmith,  408,  452 
Nicolas  (Nicholas  Harris)  and  Hicks's  MS.  History 

of  St.  Ives,  489 

Nightingales  :  folk-belief  concerning,  210,  274 
"  Nisgull,"  name  for  smallest  pig  of  a  litter,  435 
"  No  Jews — Lord  Egmont  for   ever,"  inscription 

on  claret  jug,  211,  257 
"  Nola,"  use  of  the  term,  37 
Norfolk  cheeses  in  the  fourteenth  century,  392 
Norfolk  churchwarden's  charities,   1716,  247 
Northamptonshire,  aliens  in,   370 
Norton  family  in  Ireland,  50,  137,  195 
'  Nothing  but  their  eyes  to  weep  with,"   use  of 

phrase,  228,  316,  435,  456 
Novels  and  song-books,  old,  369,  413 
"  Now  then —  !  "  use  of  the  expression,  17,  38,  76 
Nuns  and  dancing  188,  253 


Obituary  :— 

Deedes  (Prebendary  Cecil), 
Gerish,  William  Blyth,  300 


40 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


531 


O'Flaherty  family,  Kings  of  Connaught,  188,  259, 

274 

Old  man's  perversity, 429 
O'Reilly  family  of  Dublin,  443 
"  Orgy,"  use  of  term,  487 
Orme  (Alexander),  d.  1789,  266 
O'Sullivan  (Col.  John),  portrait  wanted,  71 
Oxenbridge  (Rev.  John),  b.  1609,  10,  39 
Oxford  University,  double  firsts  at,  249,  294,  334, 

396 
Oxford's  (Bishop  of)  coinage,  512 


"  Pair,"  use  of  the  word,  409,  453,  495 

Palestine  :  fort  of  St.  George,  431 

Pallavicino    (Sforza)    and    aesthetic    criticism  in 

Italy,   244 

Pancake  bell,  106,  154,  198,  273 
Paper  made  from  straw,  447 
Paper  watermark:  "  I.H.S.,"  268 
"  Parapet,"  a  street  footway,  87 
Parini  (Giuseppe),  Italian  poet,  b.  1729,  191,  256, 

354 

Paris:  Ranelagh  gardens,  170,  214 
Paris  (Matthew),  28,  58,  75 

Parliamentary  Commissioners  and  church   build- 
ing in  1828,  450,  496 
"  Parliament  clock  "  :  see  Clocks 
Parliament  Hill,  origin  of  name,  192,  218 
f-arr  (Robert),  centenarian,  d.  1757,  457 
Parsi  colony  in  South  Seas,  9 
Parsons  family,  348 

Pastorini's  prophecies,  251,  313,  396,  435 
Patrick    (Thomas),    Churchwarden    of    Norfolk, 

1716,   247 
Patterson   (Walter),   Governor   of  St.    John   and 

the  sea-co\Y  fisherv,  461 
Paulet  (Lady  Catherine),  d.  1775,  37 
Paupers  :    relief  badge,  48,  97 

Peachey  (Richard)  of  Mildenhall,  co.  Suffolk,  490 
Peacocks'  feathers,  folk-lore  of,  37,  316 
Peake  (James),  Wordsworth's  schoolmaster,  250, 

299 

Pedestrianism  in  1818,  428 
Penn  (William)  and  Assheton  of  Salford,  345 
'  Penny  Post,'  monthly  periodical,  251.  298 
Pepys  (Samuel),  a  note  on  his  '  Diary,'   31,  79; 

references  to  Martin  (Marten),  433 
"  Perfide  Albion,"  first  use,  171,  216 
'  Pericles,'  stage  history  of  play,  361,  417 
Periodicals  of  1830-33,  465,  488 
Petty    France,    original    name    of    York-street, 

Westminster,  407,  452,  477 
Phaestos  disk,  inscription  on,  151,  237,  275 
Phillips  (Morgan),  d.  1570,  91,  136 
Philpot   (John),    shot   in    duel  ;       trial    of   Capt. 

Rudkin  by  court-martial,  381,  402,  422 
Philpots  (Mary  St.  Leger)  and  Dr.  Goldsmith,  293 
"  Phiolad  "  of  barley  =  dishful,  210,  273 
Phipoe  (Maria  Theresa)  :  see  Benson 
Pickering  (Ellen),  author  of  '  Nan  Darrell,'   1839, 

413 
P5gs  :     names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  331,   376, 

395,  417,  435,  453,  473,  497 

Piguenit  (Caesar  Danby),  bookseller,  c.  1774,  137 
Pilgrims  :     passage  from  Dante's  '  Vita  Nuova  ' 

quoted,  266 

Pinnet  (J.  Young),  landscape  painter,  c.  1790,  371 
Pitcairne  (Thomas)  of   17th  Regiment,  m.   1789, 

368 


Pitman  of  Quarley,  Hants  :   arms  sought,  132 
"  Pitt's  Peers,"  451,  497 

Place-Names : — 

Body's  Island,  214 

Damas  Lane,  489 

Dublin  street  and  place  names,  509 

Friday  Street,  16,  76 

Hackney,  470,  513 

James  Street,  Westminster,  243,  333 

Loretto,  48,  114 

Ludgate,  London,  458,  479 

Parliament  Hill,  192,  218 

Petty  France,  407,  452,  477 

St.  Agnes-le-Clere,  208 

Strand  :     "  Over  against  Catherine  Street  in 

the  Strand,"  114 
Tot  land,  231,  312 

West  Country,  in  the  seventeenth  century,  30 
York  Street,  Westminster,  407 

"  Plague  Pits,"  sites  of,  450,  495 

Plees  family,  211,  254 

Plume  mantlings  in  heraldry,    491 

Poe  (E.  A.),  sources  of  quotations  wanted,  269 

Poets  laureate  :  Bernard  Andrews,  431,  475 

Police  uniforms  in  the  fifties  and  sixties,  14 

Polish  "  emigres  "  on  French  privateers,  268 

Pollard  (Matilda  Mary),  her  book  '  The  Old  Farm 

House,'   219 

Polus  (Timotheus),  d.  1642,  414 
Pompeii,  story  of  the  sentry  at,  131,  177,  258 
Popery  :    "A  loaf  of  bread  to  feed  the  Pope," 

source  of  lines  wanted,  310,  356 
"  Popkin's  Plan  "    :  see  under  Disraeli 
Portman  (Hon.   Edwin  B.),  d.    1921.  member  of 

United  University  Club  since  1850,  410 
Prayer     Book :    three     Primers     preceding1     first 

Prayer  Book  of  Edward  VI.,  49,  97,  157 
Preston  family,  glass-painters  of  York,   485 
Prices  in  the  early  nineteenth  certury,   129 
"  Principal,"  use  of  the  Word,  30 
Prisoners  who  have  survived  hanging,  73 
Privy  councillor,  rights  and  duties  of,  347 
Pronunciation,  Cockney,   489 

Proverbs  and  Phrases : — 

'  A  miss  is  as  good  as  a  man  (M.  Emile  Bout- 

roux),  90 

Burnt  his  boats,  210 
Common  or  Garden,  392,  459 
Good  old,  468,  516 
Grey  Mare  is  the  better  Horse,  430 
Haven  under  the   Hill,    228,   275,    314,    336, 

355,  395 

Heightem,  Tightem  and  Scrub,  78 
He  will  never  set  the  sieve  on  fire,  331,  378, 

416 

In  eadem  es  navi,  432,  476 
Lightly  come,  lightly  go,  488 
Little  Englander,  431,  474 
Nothing  but  their  eyes  to  weep  with,   228, 

316,  435,  456 

Now  then !,  17,  38,  76 

Outrun  the  constable,  29,  58,  97,  117,  157 
Perfide  Albion,  171,  216 
Poor  Cat  i'  th'  Adage,  431,  475,  497,  515 
Rex  illiteratus  est  asinus  coronatus,  68,  437 
Such  as  make  no  musick   (Jeremy  Collier), 

131,  176 
Tenant  in  capite,  429,  472,  518 


532 


SUBJECT  -INDEX. 


Notes  and  Qnories,  .Tnly  30,  1921 . 


Proverbs  and  Phrases : — 

Those  that  eat  cherries  with  great  persons.   . 
190 

To  curry  favour,  512 

We're  in  the  same  boat,  432 
Pseudonyms,  female,  used  by  men,  48 
"  Pulse,"  meaning  of  word,  511 
'  Punchinello  ;   or,   Sharps,   Flats,  and   Naturals,' 

published  1832,  465 
Purefoy  (George)  of  Wadley,  Bucks,  his  daughters, 

Pushkin  and  Dante,  411,  496 

Pye  (Charles),  book-plate  designer,  10,  77 

"  Pye-house,"   490 

Pym  (John),  residence  near  Stevenage,   308,   398 


Quotations : — 

A  Gentleman,  a  Scholar,  and  a  Christian,  328 
A  Luncheon-party  and  a  lie  must  make  it 

very  hard  to  die,  393 
And  if  there  be  no  meeting  beyond  the  grave, 

And  still  .in  the  beautiful  city  the  river  of 

life  is  no  duller,  231 
And  though   her  sons  are  scattered,  and    her 

daughters  weep  apart,  etc.,  49] 
Aut  fer,  aut  feri  ;  ne  feiare,  feri,  294,  336 
Come   all   wrong'd    Orphanes,    come    bewaile 

your  syre,  410 
Condendaque    Lexica    mandat     Damnatis — 

poenam   pro    poenis   omnibus    imam,    158, 

437 

Cor  ad  cor  loquitur,  393 
Croon  of  surf  on  the  Shore,  270 
Each  wave  that  beats  against  the  rock,  294 
For  in  the  voice  of  birds  the  scent  of  flowers 

.  .  .  I'll  speak  to  you,  212,  259 
Half  screened  by  its  trees.   .   .  The  church  of 

our  fathers  how  meekly  it  stands,  471 
Heart  of   Christ  !    O    cup   most  golden,  471 
If  thou  hast  a  friend  go  often  to  see  him,  433 
In  the  golden  glade  the  chestnuts  are  fallen, 

£c.,    192,    239 

I  shall  remember  while  the  light  lives  yet,  192 
It  ain't  the  guns  nor  armaments,   «fcc.,  .491 
My  hold  of  the  colonies  (Burke),  139 
Nescire  quid  antequam  natus  sis  accident, 

id  est  semper  esse  puerum,  371,  415 
Oh,     England,     at     the     smoking     trenches 

dying,  99 
Somewhere   there  waiteth   in   this   world   of 

ours,   179 

Straight    is     the     line     of     duty.      .     .,393 
Styll  am  I  besy  bokes  assemblynge,  311,  359 
The  Lord  God  planted  a  garden,  471 
There  let  thy  bleeding  branch  atone,  247 
These    are    not    dead,    their    spirits    never 

die,  371 

These  nobly  played  their  parts,  &c.,  491 
To-morrow.     .     .     verv  like  vesterdav  . 

52 
Yet  to  the  remnants  of  thy  splendour  past, 

332 


Rabbit  in  comparative  religion,  269,  319 

Railway  travelling,  early,   13,  32,  79 

'  Ralph  Roister  Doister,'  play  by  Udall,  281 


Ranelagh  in  Paris,  170,  211 

Rawson  and  ffairebanck  families,  307 

Rayner  family  of  Woodham  Walter,  391 

"  Reckling,"  Lincolnshire  term   for   smallest  pig 

of  a  litter,  417 

Redman  (Louis)  =  Louis  de  Rougemont,  508 
Redvers  (de),  notes  on,  15,  34 
Reeve  (Clara),  her  '  Fatherless  Fanny,'  1819,  413 
Regattas,  early,  310,  355 
Remond  (Francois),  b.  1558,  414 
Rethel    (Alfred),    his    drawing    '  Der    Tod    also 

Freund,'    234 

Reynolds  family  of  Coolbeg,  co.  Donegal,  502 
Rheumatism,  cider  as  cure  for,  267,  316 
Rhine  regarded  as  a  French  river,  509 
Rice  eating,  effects  of,  391,  437 
Richard     III.,    his    natural    children    and    their 

descendants,  169,  215,  257,  270 
Richards  (R.),  proprietor  of  '  Richard's  Topsham 

Herald  and  General  Advertiser  for  South  and 

East  Devon,'  476 

Richardson  (William)  of  St.  Vincent,  m.  1789,  368 
Ricketts  (George  Crawford),  and  Coombe  House, 

Herefordshire,  510 
Ridgeway  (Cecilia  de),  hunger   strike   in    XlVih 

century,  293 

"  Riggles  "  =  species  of  shark,  71,  13f> 
Ripon  school,  masters  of,  17 — ,  150,  192 
Robb  (Isabel  Mitchel),  d.  1789,  26fi 
Roberts  (Mary),  1788-1864,   129 
Robinson  Crusoe's  Island,  348,  415 
Roger  (Jacobus),  epigramatist,   414 
Rohan-Chabot     (Cardinal     de),     Archbishop     of 

Besauoon-,  d.  1833,  110,  178,  277 
Roman  numeral  alphabet,  250,  317,  353 
"  Romantique,"  origin  of  term,  8 
Rose  (John  William),  d.  1803,  375 
Rose-coloured  vestments  on  Mothering  Sunday. 

249,  296,  332 

Rougemont  (Louis  de),  d.  1921,  508 
Rowe  (Col.  Owen),  his  descendants,  109,  156.  255 
Rowlandson,  etching  by,  329 
Roxburgh  (Dr.  William),  his  wife,   151.   19(5 
Royal  arms  in  churches,  1 7 
Royal  British  Bank,  130,  175,  234 
Royal  Horse  Guards,  history,  293,  334 
Royal    succession    by.    marriage    to    last    King's 

widow,  489 

Royalist  and  Roundhead  rates  of  pay,  411 
Rudkin    (Captain   Mark),    trial    by   court-martial 

for  shooting  John  Philpot  in  duel,  381,  402,  422 
';  Runt,"  name  for  smallest  pig  of  a  litter,  473 
Russell  Street,  Co  vent  Garden,  and  Charles  Lamb, 

109 
"  Rutherford  (Mark)  "  :  see  While  (Hale) 


St.  Agnes-le-Clere  ;  corruption  of  place  name,  208 
St.  Albans,  inscription  in  old  house  at,  468 
St.  Andrew's,  Scotland  :  pre-reformation  seal,  110 
St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  Bristol,  heraldry  of,   267, 

315,  495 
St.     Dunstan's-in-the-West,     Queen     Elizabeth's 

statue,  294,  317 
St.    Ignatius   of   Loyola,   his    '  Exercitia   Spiritu- 

alia,'  392 

St.  James,  Duke's  Place,  London,  registers  of,  511 
St.  Leonard's  "  Priory,"  Hants,  34,  115 
St.  Michael,  dedication  of  churches  to,   190,  231, 

298,  336,  373,  413 


Xntos  and  Queries,  July  :"!().  1021. 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


St.  Oswald,  King  of  Northumbria,  318 

St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  early  books  on,  330 

St.    Paul's    Chaptet    House  :    description,    86 

St.  Peter's  Chapel-of-Ease,  Westminster,  441 

St.  Thomas's  Day'customs,  50,  112,  152 

St.  Valentine's  Day,  Worcester  custom,  128 

Sale   (Maj.-Gen.   Sir  Robert),  his   despatch  from 

Jellalabad  :  invisible  writing,  31 
San  Severino  (Gianetta  di),  parentage  of,  70 
Sardinia,  British  in,  in  1744,  88 
'  Satirical  Puppet  Show,'  published  1833,  466 
Savage  life,  relapses  into,  511 
Savery  family  of  Marlborough,  Wilts,  1 1 
Scaife,  or  Scafe  (John)  of  Tanfield,  b.  1776,  71 
Schevig  (Mr.  Kenneth)  of  Inverness,  d.  1789,  390 
School  magazines,  325 

'  Schoolmaster  at  Home,'  published  1832,  466 
Schreiner  (Olive),  her  death,  469,  516 
Scoles  and  Duke  families,  70 
Scotch  falconer,  hanging  of,  1616,  450 
"  Scotch  hands,"  origin  of  name,  331 
Scott  (Miss  Mary)  of  Jamaica,  d.  1789,  390 
Scott  (Sir  Walter),  introduction  of  his  novels  into 

France,  87;   his  '  Legend  of  Moritrose,'  129,  177 
Scott  family,  331 

Scott  family  of  Glemsford,  co.  Suffolk,  11,  99 
Scottish  and  Irish  Gael,  early  history  of,  151 
Sea-cow  fishery,  St.  John,  461 
Serjeants-at-Law,  last  holder  of  office,  496 
Shakespeare,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  211 
Suakespeare  (John),  Alderman  of  Stratford,  304 
Shakespeare       (William),       associations       with  : 

"  Among  the   Shakespeare   Archives,"    23,    45, 

66,   83,    115,   124,    146,   181,   223,   241,   262,   284, 

304,  346 
Shakespeare  songs,  471,  514 

Shakespeariana :  - 

'  Merry  Wives    of  Windsor,'    suggested    Ger- 
man source,  197 

'  Troilus  and  Oressida,'  Act.   I.  sc,  iii.,   "  In 
the  reproof  of  chance  lies  the  true  proof 
of  men,"  269,  318 
'  Othello,'  Act.  I.    sc.    iii.,    "  When    remedies 

are  past,  the  griefs  are  end^d,"  446 
Shaw  (Rev.  John),  m.  1789,  188 
Shi-illold  plate  :  Matthew  Boulton,  170,  218 
Sheldon  (William  and  Ralph),  74,  195 
Shelley,  bibliographies  wanted,  230 
Shelley  (Mary  Wollstoneeraft),  her  '  Frankenstein,' 

31,  76 
Sherington  :  old  church  registers,  249,  3.r>4 

•11  (Dr.  John),  phvsi.'ian    and    archaeologist, 
original  letter  by,  483 
Shilleto  family,  155 

Shirley  family,  glass-painters  of  York.  364 
Shirwyn  family,  glass-painters  of  York,  406 
Short  lions.-  (.Joseph  Henry),  his  'John  Tnglesant,' 

450 

Shrewshevi'.v  Hall,  470 
Sidmouth  :    the  Knowle  Hotel,  106 
"  Sieve  "=    "  temse,"  378 
"  Silk-tail  "  :   see  Waaneing 
Silver  charm,  old,  50,  94,  258 
Silver  medal :   identification  sought.  512 
Simpson  (Charles),  town  clerk  of  Lichfield,  411 
Simson  (Rev.  Matthew),  b.  1675,  his  family,  51 
Sinclair  (Mrs.  C.),  d.  1789,  390 
"  Singing-bread,"    meaning    of    term,    269,    207, 

*  333,  374,  435 
"  Single  whiskey,"  489 


Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  dance,  350,  415,  455 
Skelton    families    of    Hesket    and    Armathwaite 

Castle,  Cumberland,  150 

'  Slap  at  the  Church,  A,'  published  1832,  465 
'  Slap  at  the  Times,  The,'  published  1832,  466 
Sloane  (Sir  Hans),  his  house  in  Bloomsbury,  211, 

277,  312,  452 

Smith  (Captain),  founder  of  Jesus  Chapel,  191 
Smith's  (Albert)  '  Story  of  Mont  Blanc,'  470 
Smith  (Jane),  London  etchings  by,  228 
Snape  (Edward),  engraving  of,  169,  238 
Snuff  :    "  Prince's  Mixture,"  69,  159 
Snuff-box,  engraving  on  lid,  309 
"  Some,"  use  of  the  word,  307,  376 

Songs : — 

Bryan  O'Lynn,  331,  378 

Buffalo  Battery,  171 

Colly  my  Cow,  190,  238,  257,  314 

Come  not  when  I  am  Dead,  18 

Hop-picking  songs,  511 

Hunting:    Chaworth  Musters,  231,  277,  318 

I  love  Jesus  ;    Because  He  first  loved  me, 

250,  299,  315,  374 
I  remember,  I  remember,  111,  158 
Mary  she  came  weeping,  250,  299,  315,  374, 

455 

.  Poor  Uncle  Ned,  36,  93 
Shakespeare's,  471,  514 
Stirrup  Cup,  19 

Wrap  me  up  in  my  old  stable  jacket ,  171 
Southampton    Street,   St.    Giles's  :       the    Golden 

Ball,  268,  317,  357 
Southport,  sand  mounds  at,  358 
Sowden  or  Sowdon  (Benjamin  Choyce),  "  eminent 

English  poet,"  168,  236,  311 
"  Spens,  Sir  Roderick,"  reference  wanted,  310 
"  Spit-racks  "=  "  gun-racks,"  227 
"  Split  himself  "=  suicide,  292 

Stafford  (Viscount),  1680,  409,  454,  478,  497,  516 
Stage-coaches,  early,  392,  436,  515 
Stanier  (John),  m.  1716,  90 

Stapleton  (Brian),  tutor  to  Daniel  O'Connell,  89 
Stapleton   (Brigadier   Walter),   d.    1746,   portrait 

wanted,  71 

Staresmore  family  of  Frolesworth,  512 
State  trials  in  Westminster  Hall,  371,  455 
Statues  and  memorials  in  the  British  Isles  :   Royal 

Personages,  25,  98 
Steersman,  hooded,   in   mediaeval  illustrations  of 

ships,  471,  518 
Steinbrecher,   his   engraving,    '  Der   Tod  als   Er- 

wiirger,'  255 
Sterne  (Enoch),  clerk  to  the  House  of  Lords  in 

Ireland,  431 

Sterne  (Laurence),  anecdote  of,  129,  215 
Stevenson  (Robert  Louis)  and  Miss  Yonge,  30,  79 
Stewart  (Mary),  d.  1807,  152 
Stewart  (Ran'old),  m.  1789,  188 
Stiff  (George)  and  his  '  London  Journal/  448 
Stokoe  (Alexander),  229 
Stonehenge,  origin  of,  71,  117 
Strachan   (James),  trial  by  court-martial,    1826, 

381,  404 
Stratford -on- Avon :       the    plague    in,    262  ;     the 

Pillory,  303,  346 

Street  Court,  Kingsland,  Herefordshire,  69 
Stuart  (Prince  Charles  Edward),  his  swords,  27,  99 
Sugar   houses,    London,    268 
Sullivan  (Michael),  itinerant  bookseller,  34!) 
Sun-dials,  511 


534 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


Kotos  and  Queries,  July  SO,  1921. 


Superstitions : — 

Black  cat,  310 

Raining  in  the  sunshine,  307,  356 

Surnames : — 

Banquo,  308,  354,  495 

Barraclough ,  471  i 

Cholerton,   491 

Corker  or  Corcor,   449 

Covill,  132,  197 

Cowp.er,   110,   179,   237,   299,   338,   377 

Fieldson,  171 

Gouger,  89,  195 

Mayall,  511 

Shakespeare,   211 

Surrey  and  Sussex  dialect  words  and  phrases,  481 
Sussex  and  Surrey  dialect  words  and  phrases,  481 
Sutherland   (Alexander)   of  Ackergill,   his   ances- 
try,  108 

Swift  (Jonathan),  his  verse,  1 
Swinburne,  lines  from  '  Erotion  '  quoted,  192 
Swindo/i  :    "  Damas  "  lane,  489 
';  Sword   of  Bannockburn,"    inscription   on,    151, 

192 
Sylvester  (Sir  Joha),  Recorder  of  London,  d.  1882, 

448 

Sym  (Rev.  George),  m.  1789,  188 
Symons  (John),  surgeon  of  Exeter,  d.  1788,  490 
Syriac  MS.  :    Life  and  Passion  of  our  Lord,  16*8 


Tavern  Signs: — 

Brentford  Tailor,  190 

British  Queen,  170,  236,  276 

Castle  and  Wheelbarrow,  250,  299 

Duke's  Motto,  276,  313 

Flying  Scud,  170,  236,  276,  313,  354,  417,  436 

Fox  and  Hounds,  457 

Green  Man,  Ashbourne  :    see  Ashbourne 

Green  Man,  Dartmoor,  498 

Hares  Foot,  170 

New  Found  Out,   132 

None  the  Wiser,  90 

Old  Blade  Bone,  170,  236,  276 

Quiet  Woman,  335,  375,  417 

Rose  of  Denmark,  170,  236,  276 

Sun  in  the  Sands,  170,  236 

Turkey  Slave,   187 
Tea,  afternoon,  17,  195,  256 
Tempest  family  of  Holmside,  Co.  Durham,  21 
"  Temse  "=  "  sieve,"   378 
"  Tenant  in  capite,"  use  of  the  phrase,  429,  472, 

518 
Tennyson    (Lord),    lines    by,   7 :  '  Locksley  Hall ' 

queries,  269,  337 
'  Tercentenary    Handlist    of    Newspapers  '  :     see 

Books  recently  published — Newspapers 
"  Tether  book,"  meaning  wanted,  432,  472 
Tewes    (Catherine   Elizabeth)   of  Aix-la-Chapelle, 

her  parentage,  109 

Thackeray  (William  Makepeace),  his  '  The  New- 
comes,'  change  of  name  Li,  31,  394  ;  and  Capt. 
Charles  Morris,  251,  298;  reference  to  'Vanity 
Fair,'  258 

Thames  :    crossing  on  foot,  332,  376,  416 
Theal  (Dr.  G.  McCall),  his  birthplace,  469 
Theatres  :  New  Theatre,  Hammersmith,  408,  452 
Theresa  (Maria)  :   see  Benson  (Mary) 
Thomas  (William),  M.P.,  1640-41,  450 


Thomson  (Dr.  A.),  m.  1789,  188 

Thornton  (John)  of  Coventry  and  York  Minster, 
13,  52,  171 

"  Thou  "  and  "  You,"  use  of  the  words  in  France, 
191 

Thrum  (S.  E.),  d.  1849,  469,  516 

Thurius  (Georgius),  epigrammatist,  414 

Tillemans  (Peter),  artist,  1684-1734,  293,  338 

Tillotson  (Archbishop)  and  the  last  Sacraments, 
331,  373,  417 

Toast,  curious  Jacobite,   129 

Tobacco  :  "  Bird's  eye,"  90,  158 — Legislation 
against,  130 — "  Returns,"  27 

Tokens:  Jack's  Coffee  House,  108 

'  Tomahawk,  The,'   335,  397 

Tombs,  armorial  bearings  upon,  115 

Toogood  (Dean),  Westminster  scholar,   1723,  268 

Toone  (William),  250 

Totland,  derivation  of  place-name,  231,  312 

Tower  of  London,  lions  in,  338 

Transportations  after  the  Forty-five,  510 

Travellers'  Club,  depicted  by  old  French  Mem- 
ber, 291 

Trelawny  (Zella),  d.  1906,  88,  134 

Tribal  Hidages,  309,  355 

Tucker  (Hon.  Judge),  and  court-martial  on 
duellist,  Newfoundland,  1826,  424 

Tudor  of  Berain  (Katharine),  great-grand- 
daughter of  Henry  VII.,  311,  358 

Tulchan  bishops,  status  and  origin  of,  52,  94 

Tuningben  cheese,  510 

Turbulines,  religious  sect,  90,  1381 

Turing  (James)  of  Middleburg,  d.   1788,  390 

Turner  (Spencer),  nurseryman,  91,   137 

Turner   family,    238,    299 

Tyler  (Wat),   110,   193 


U 


Udall    (Nicholas),    his    '  Ralph    Roister    Doister,' 

281 

Ulster  rhymes,  292,  334 
Underhiir     (Hercules),      Westminster      scholar, 

1737-8,    249 
Unwin    (James    William),    Westminster    scholar, 

1780,   391 


Vagrancy  in  the  eighteenth  century,  81,  137 

Van  der  Does,  derivation  of  name,  392,  437 

Van  der  Plaes  (David),  Dutch  artist,  13 

Vane  (Anne),  d.   1736,  48 

Vanessa  :  see  Butterflies 

Van     Schevichaven,     "  Jacob     Larwood "         as 

pseudonym  of,   508 

Vansittart  family  and  the  12th  Regiment,   450 
"  Venetian    Window "     as    applied     to     church 

windows,  meaning  of,  347,  416,  433 
Vernon  family  of  Vernon's  Hall,  Liverpool,  432, 

477 

Versailles,  Kensington  gravel  at,  30,  57 
Vicar  elected  by  ballot,  429 

Vignet  (Louis  de)  and  the  Travellers'  Club,  291 
Vinecombe  (Daniel),  his  bequests,  13 
Volans  family,  88,  198 
Volunteering  in  "  the  forties,"  150 
Voucher  =  Railway  ticket,  36,  74,  116 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


SUBJECT   INDEX. 


535 


w 

Waddilove  (Robert  Darley),  Dean  of  Ripon,  his 
mother,  70 

Wales  (Prince  of),  the  title  "  Duke  of  Cornwall  " 
and  his  visit  to  Australia,  26 

Walker  (Patricius),  pen-name  of  William  Ailing- 
ham,  308,  356 

Walmesley  (Bishop),  Pastorini  the  ncm-de-ph(mc 
of,  313 

Walthamstow  :  Oxford  (Orford)  House,   18 

Walton  (Isaac),  not  the  angler ;  entries  in  Ban- 
bury  registers,  357 

Warburton  (Mr.  Justice)  and  the  hanging  of  a 
Scotch  falconer,  1616,  450 

"  Ware  the  Bag,"  meaning  wanted,  308 

War  Office,  site  of  original  building,  37 

War  portents,   329,   375 

Warwickshire  folk  sayings,  35,  73 

Warwickshire  sayings,  59 

"Wash"   ("Wassh"),   blacksmith's  tool,    109 

Waxwing  as  portent  of  war,  329,  375 

Weatherall  family,   370 

'Weekly  Miscellany,  The,'   11,  56,   132,   134 

'  Weekly  Show-up,'  published  183-,  466 

'  Weekly  Visitor  and  London  Literary  Museum,' 
published  1832,  465 

Wegersloff  (Christian),  54 

Wells  (Dr.  William  Charles),  his  '  Essays  on 
Vision,  and  on  Dew,'  70,  113 

Westbury   (First   Lord),    his    demeanour,    51,    94 

Westminster  :  extracts  from  the  assessment  roll 
of  1718,  321 

Westminster  Hall,  State  trials  in,  371,  455 

Whatley  (Rev.  Robert),  letters  written  from  the 
Low  Countries  and  Hanover  during  1720-3, 
42,  63  ;  notes  on,  221,  242,  261,  286,  333,  373 

"Whig-Dresser,"  published  1833,  466 

Whiskey:  "Single  whiskey,"  489 

Whistler  (J.  M.),  stories  of,  48 

White  (Hale)  :  "  Mark  Rutherford,"  biographical 
references,  231,  278 

White  (W.  J.)  etching  by  :  '  Thomas  Dann  and 
Alice  Lucas,'  90 

Whiting  (Beverly),  godfathej  of  George  Wash- 
ington, 11,  54 

Whyte  (Rev.  Thos.)  d.  1789,  390 

Wiche  (John  and  Magnus),  Westminster  scholars, 
1729,  391 

Wight  (Isle  of),  last  Lady  of,  322 

"  Wild  Geese  of  Fontenoy,"  451,  499 

William  Rufus,  his  death,  308,  352,  374 

Williams  (Archbishop  John),  his  '  Manual,'  152, 
197 

Willock  (Cavendish),  evidence  in  trial  by  court- 
martial  of  duellist,  382 

Willock  (Matthew  Henry),  evidence  in  trial  by 
court-martial  of  a  duellist,  422 


Willoughby  family,   132 

Willow  pattern  china,  496 

Wills,  repositories  of,  251,  458 

Wilson,    "  the  noted  ranger  of  the  Himalayas," 

151,  194,  216 

Wilson  (John),  bookseller,  his  catalogue,  39 
Wilson  (Sir  John),    1780-1856,   his  parentage,    70 
Wilson's  Buildings,  Lower  Thames  Street,  draw- 
ing by  Fraser,  412 

Wimborne  Minster,  old  church  music  at,  41 
Window  tax  and  dairies,  449,  493,  518 
Windsor,  Denny  and  De  Deene  families,  33 
Wine  names,  332,  398,  436 
Winthrop  (John)  of  the  Inner  Temple,  1628,  391, 

476 

Witton  (John),  glass-painter  of  York,  442 
Witty  (John),  b.   1679,  453 
Wolf,  its  characteristics,  447 
'  Woman  and    her  Master,'  piracy  of  episodes  in 

448 

Wood  (Mrs.)  of  Perth,  d.  1789,  390 
Wood  (Sir  John),  Treasurer,   206,   253 
Woodburn  Collection  of  pictures,  12 
Wool-gathering,  custom,   38 
Worcestershire,     gunpowder     plot     conspirators' 

route  through,  152,  199 
Wordsworth :   note  to  his   '  Prelude,'   BK.   v.    26, 

106;  his  schoolmaster,  James  Peake,   250,   299 
Wringing  the  hands,  ancient  mode  of    signifying 

grief,  470,  512 

Wyard  (Captain  Robert)  of  Earl  Soham,    389 
Wymondley  House,  Hertfordshire,  398 
"  Wytyng  "  :  reference  to  in  '  The  Stornor  Letters 

and  Papers,'  71 


"  Yankee,"  first  use  of  word,  169,  335 

Year  1000  A.D.,  belief  of  Christendom  that  world 
was  to  come  to  an  end  hi,  369,  438,  455 

Yellow-hammers:  folk-belief  concerning,  210,  274 

Yew-trees  in  churchyards,  50,  97,   195,   239 

Yonge  (Miss),  novel  alluded  to  by  R.  L.  Steven- 
son, 30 

York  Minster,  the  great  east  window,  and  John 
Thornton,  52,  171 

York  Street,  Westminster  :  Petty  France,  origin 
of  name,  407 

Youghal  island  registers,  511 

Younger  (Dr.  John),  notes  on  life  and  family  of, 
201 

Yule  family  and  the  l£th  Regiment,  450 


'  Zices  "   or   "  screeds,"   meaning  wanted,    210 
"  Zoo,"  first  use  of  abbreviation,  368,  413,  456 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1921 . 


Notes  and  Queries.  July  30.  1921 . 


AUTHORS'     INDEX 


A.  on  Lancashire  settlers  in  America,  436 

A.  (A.  A.)  on  "  Counts  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire," 
148,  273 

A.  (C.  B.)  on  Blount  (Sir  Thomas)  of  Lincolnshire, 
210,  436— Greene  (Sir  Thomas),  251— Marbury 
family,  292— -Scott  family,  11 

A.  (F.  J.)  on  epitaph  in  Lowestoft  churchyard,  433 

A.  (M.)  on  "foolproof,"  511 

A.  (S.)  on  rabbit  in  comparative  religion,  269 — 
"  Singing-bread,"  269 

A.  (S.  A.)  on  Spanish  horsehair  armour,  294 

A.-L.  (E.  C.)  on  Royal  British  Bank,  175 

Abbatt  (William)  on  Wilson,  "  the  noted  Ranger 
of  the  Himalayas,"  151 

Abbay  (R.)  on  Captain  R.  Wyard,  389 

Abrahams  (Aleck)  on  Belgrave  Square,  snipe  in, 
13—  Cloth  Fair,  435,  516— Friday  Street,  76— 
Ghost  stories  connected  with  old  London 
I* ridge,  434 — "  Gog  and  Magog,"  the  Guildhall 
effigies,  386 — Ironmonger's  Hall,  488 — King- 
ston House,  Knightsbridge,  276 — "  London  " 
books,  329 — Ludgate,  London,  479 — Monu- 
ment, suicides  from  the,  434 — New  Theatre, 
Hammersmith,  452—'  Orders  and  Ordinances 
of  the  Hospitals/  5 — Petty  France,  derivation 
of  the  name,  452 — St.  Agnes-le-Clere,  208 — 
St.  Paul's  Chapter  House,  86 — Voucher  = 
railway  ticket,  36 

Aokermann  (Alfred  S.  E.)  on  cider  and  rheuma- 
tism, 267 — Cigarette  smoking,  432 —  Climate, 
influence  of,  251 — Foxes  and  lambs,  511 — 
Horses,  wild,  511 — Impaled  on  a  thorn,  210 — 
Monte  Cristo,  229— Parliament  Hill,  192— 
Pompeii,  the  s«>ntry  at,  131 — Rice,  391 — Tyler 
(Wat),  110 

Adamson  (M.  D.)  on  the  legend  of  Dunfraoich,  50 

Agallis  on  "  Nothing  but  their  eyes  to  weep  with," 
816 

An  Amateur  Genealogist  on  professional  genea- 
logist, 410 

Anderson  (G.  A.)  on  Lamb  (Charles),  his  house  in 
liussi-ll  Sln-.'t.  156 — "  Perlide  Albion,"  171 — 
Pompeii,  the  sentry  at,  258 — Silver  charm,  old, 
60 


Anderson  (J.  L.)  on  Graham  (Lady  Anne),  136 — 
Stonehenge,  origin  of,  117 

Anderson  (P.  J.)  on  Booty  (Edward,  155 — 
Longevity  record  :  Macpherson  family,  348 — 
Lorimer  (James),  450 — Sowden  (Benjamin 
Choyce),  168,  311 

Anscombe  (Alfred)  on  "  Magdalen  "  or  "  Mawd- 
len,"  517 

Antiquary  on  "  Club  "  versus  "  Society,"  371 

Anxious  Enquirer  on  cricket :  the  "  Ashes," 
110 

Ardagh  (J.)  on  book-borrowers,  253 — Cherry 
orchards  of  Kent,  211,  413 — Cook  (Captain) 
memorials,  198 — Dray  ton  (James),  313— Dublin 
street  and  place  names,  509 — Egerton  (John), 
third  Earl  of  Bridgwater,  87 — "Honest" 
epitaphs,  413 — Hop-picking  songs,  511 — Irish 
family  histories,  236 — Neilson  (Lilian  Adelaide), 
357 — Pompeii,  the  sentry  at,  258 — Statues  and 
memorials  in  the  British  Isles,  25 — Sullivan 
(Michael),  itinerant  bookseller,  349 — Terrestrial 
globes,  134 — Turner  (Spencer),  91 — Ulster 
rhymes,  292 — Wilson's  buildings,  412 

Armstrong  (T.  Percy)  on  Carlyle's  '  French  Re- 
volution,' 78  —  Danteiana,  517- — Franklin 
nights  (or  days),  47(5 — Loretto,  48 — "  Now 
then  — -I,  "  17— Parini  (Giuseppe),  256— 
Pushkin  and  Dante,  496  • —  Rabbit  in  com- 
parative religion,  .'?  I  9- — Robinson  Crusoe's 
island,  415  —  St.  Michael,  churches  of,  373 
—Year  1000  A.D.,  438 

Ashdown  (Charles  H.)  on  inscription  in  old 
house  at  St.  Albans,  468 

Austin  (Roland)  on  calendar  :  new  style,  1 94 — 
Christmas,  suspension  of  newspapers,  27- — 
Funeral  cake,  207- — Gibbon  :  reference  wanted 
431- — Paper  made  from  straw,  447—'  T»'rc<-n- 
tenary  Handlist  of  English  and  Welsh  News- 
papers,' additions,  91,  118- — "  Voucher  "^ 
railway  ticket,  74 

Australasian  Cornishman  (An)  on  Prince  of  Wales's 
visit  to  Australia  :  the  title  Duke  of  Cornwall, 
U<; 

Aver  (W.)  on  incense,  post -Reformat  ion  use,  178 
—Parliament  Hill,  218 — Totland,  312 

Ayliffe  (H.  J.)  on  '  Frankenstein,'  31- — Maginn 
and  Byron,  430 


538 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July,  30, 1921. 


B 

B.  on  inscription  on  claret- jug,  211 
B.  (B.)  on    hair-brushes,  489— Handshaking,  495 
B.  (C.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  231 
B.  (0.  C.)  on  Austerfield  and  "  Auster  "  land  ten- 
ure,   234' — Author   of   quotation   wanted,    19 — 
Author    wanted,    239. — Book -borrowers,    417- — 
"  Come  not  when  I  am  dead  "  :  song,  18. — Gray's 
'  Elegy,'  319—"  Howler,"  497— Idioms,  Hebrew 
and  English,  512. — Lucas  (Paul),  his  '  Journey 
through   Asia   Minor,'    348 — Mithridates,   anti- 
dote of,  27— Pancake  bell,  198— St.  Thomas's  day 
customs,  112 — "  Some,"  use  of  the  word,  376 — 
Song   wanted,    299,    455,    456 — Tavern    signs  : 
"Quiet  Woman,"  417- — Warwickshire  folk  say- 
ings, 36 

B.  (E.  G.)  on  representative  county  libraries,  77 
B.  (E.  T.)  on  "  double  firsts  "  at  Oxford,  396 
B.  (E.  T.  C.)  on  52nd  Regiment  of  Foot,  235 
B.  (G.  F.  R.)  on  Ashbourne  :  the  Green  Man,  29 — 
Bear  (John),  Master  of  the  Free  School  at  Ripon, 
150,  217— Beckford  (Peter),  489— Gage  family, 
371. — Gallini  (Francis  and  John),  391. — Griffith 
(Philip,  Robert  and  John), Westminster  scholars, 
371— Holder  (William),  Westminster  scholar, 
90- — Holingsbery  (Charles),  Westminster  scho- 
lar, 109' — Hollingworth  (Frederick  and  John), 
Westminster  scholars,  131- — James  (G.  P.  R.), 
the  novelist,  51 — Johnson  (Robert),  Governor 
of  S.  Carolina,  449— Le  Blanc  (Sir  Simon),  171 
• — Loe  (Rev.  William),  191- — Macburney  (James), 
portrait  painter,  431. — MacGuire  (Thomas),  511 
• — McLeod  (Alexander  M.),  Westminster  scholar, 
611- — Magrath  (Meiler),  Archbishop  of  Cashel, 
470. — Maryborough  (first  Duke  of),  his  educa- 
tion, 96. — Masquerier  (Louis),  449. — Milles  (Chris- 
topher), 489. — Milner  (Robert,  Thomas  and 
William),  Westminster  scholars,  470. — Misaubin 
(Dr.  John),  511- — Mont  Blanc,  early  ascents  of, 
77- — Mouatt  (Alexander,  Frederick  and  James), 
Westminster  scholars,  431- — Musters  (Robert), 
Westminster  scholar,  470. — "  Outrun  the  Con- 
stable," 58- — Simpson  (Charles),  411- — Snape 
(Edward),  238— Toogood  (Dean),  268— Underbill 
(Hercules),  249— Unwin  (James  William),  391— 
Waddilove  (Robert  Darley),  70- — Whiting  (Bev- 
erly), 11- — Wiche  (John  and  Magnus),  West- 
minster scholars,  391. — Wilson  (Sir  John),  70 
B.  (H.  G.  St.  P.)  on  "  Counts  of  the  Holy  Roman 

Empire."  213 

B.  (J.)  on  '  Hinchbridge  Haunted,'  254 — "  Wide- 
awake "  hats,   117 
B.  (J.  J.)  on  "  Death  as  Friend,"  engraving,  191 

—Newman's  (Cardinal)  birthplace,  208 
B.  (R.)  on  books,  vicissitudes  of,  248 — Cambridge 
University :  Master  of  the  Gl ornery,  29 — 
Flying,  early  efforts,  87 — Gray  (James),  his 
'  Life  in  Bombay,'  56 — "  Haven  under  the 
Hill,"  275—"  Hogle  Grodeles,"  148 — Income 
tax  exemption  :  Brighton,  293 — Jacobite  toast, 
curious,  129 — London  postmarks,  56 — "  Packer- 
ship  of  London,"  111 — Sloane  (Sir  Hans),  his 
Bloomsbury  house,  211 — Wilson,  "  Ranger 
of  the  Himalayas,"  194 — Yew-trees  in  church- 
yards, 239 

B.  (R.  S.)  on  church  building  and  Parliamentary 
Commissioners,  496 — Functionaries,  rights  and 
duties  of,  435 — Hughes  (John)  of  Liverpool,  54 
— Income  tax-  exemption  :  Brighton,  337 — 


Liverpool  halfpenny,  337 — London  Society  in 
1747,  211— Peake  (James),  299— Pitt's  Peers, 
497 — Turner  family,  299 — Vernon  of  Liverpool, 
477 — Window  tax  and  dairies,  493 — Yew-trees 
in  churchyards,  98 

B r  (R.)  on  bottle-sliders  :  coasters,  237 — 

Pepys  (Samuel),  79 

Baddeley  (John  J.)  on  Bishopsgate  :  drawings 
wanted,  51 — Cripplegate  :  drawings  wanted, 
109 

Bagration  (Alexander)  on  Prince  Bagration,  88 

Baker  (Ernest  E.)  on  "  Auster  "  land  tenure,  192 
— "  Barons,"  11 

Ball  (F.  Elrington)  on  Congreve  (William),  301, 
397 — Swift  (Jonathan),  his  verse,  1 

Bankier  (T.  H.),  on  Capt.  Cook  memorials,  335 

Barnard  (H.  C.)  on  "  Auster  "  land  tenure,  109 — 
Mayne  (Robert),  71 

Barnet  (Nahun)  on  engraving  of  old  soldier,  410 

Barns  (Stephen  J.)  on  Gascoigne  (George)  and 
Walthamstow,  237 — Royal  arms  in  churches, 
17 

Barraclough  (S.  P.)  on  derivation  of  the  name 
Barraclough,  471 

Barwood  (H.  P.)  on  author  wanted,  270 

Bateman  (G.  C.)  on  crucifixion  in  art :  the  spear 
wound,  253 — Nuns  and  dancing,  253 — Pro- 
nunciation of  Greek  (and  Latin),  275 

Baty  ( J.)  on  "  good  old,"  468 

Bayley  (A.  R.)  on  "  Britisher  "  v.  "  Briton,"  304 
— Cambridge  University :  the  Glomery,  57 — 
"  Frankenstein,"  76 — Gallic  era  "  eighty-eight," 
273 — Habeas  Corpus  Act,  353 — Hertfordshire, 
the  hermit. of,  38 — Roman  numeral  alphabet, 
250 — Tribal  hidages,  355 — Tudor  (Katharine) 
of  Berain,  358 — William  Rufus,  death  of,  352 

Baynes  (Christopher  W.)  on  Weatherall  family, 
370 

Beard  (N.  T.)  on  Napoleon :  projected  escape 
from  St.  Helena,  366 

Beatty  (Joseph  M.)  on  Assheton  of  Salford  and 
William  Penn,  345 — Milton  (John)  and  the  Mil- 
burns,  131 

Beaufort  (C.  de)  on  Thames  running  dry,  332 

Beaumont  (E.)  on  John  Beaumont,  89 

Beaven  (Alfred  B.)  on  Colet  (Sir  Henry),  438 — 
Double  firsts  at  Oxford,  294 — Royal  British 
Bank,  175 

Beddows  (H.  T.)  on  representative  county  libra- 
ries, 155 

Bedwell  (C.  E.  A.)  on  Bell  (Sir  Robert)  of  Beaupre, 
237 — Whiting  (Beverly),  54 

Bell  (Alexander)  on  Gaimar's  patron  :  "  Raul  le 
fiz  Gilebert,"  104 

Benbow  (H.  Stewart)  on  Admiral  Benbow,    15 

Benham  (F.  Lucas)  on  Murray  (Hon.  Erskine), 
470 — Smith's  (Albert)  '  Story  of  Mont  Blanc,' 
470 

Benjamin  (Mrs.  F.  S.)  on  author  wanted,  192 

Bensly  (Edward)  on  "  Abnepos,"  use  of  the 
word,  336 — "  A  gentleman,  a  scholar,  and  a 
Christian,"  328 — "  Amtmann,"  394 — Author 
of  quotation  wanted,  18,  336 — Author  wanted, 
359 — Beauty,  qualities  of  female,  297 — Bona- 
parte's (Julie)  letters,  292 — Book  borrowers, 
394 — Carlyle's  '  French  Revolution,'  errors  in, 
105 — Catherinot  :  epigrammata,  414 — Chaloner 
(Sir  Thomas),  373 — Cicero  query,  415— Defoe 
(Daniel),  118 — Dickens  (Charles)  at  Hazebrouck, 
207 — Eighteenth  century  life,  books  on,  158 — 
Emerson's  'English  Traits,'  32,  117 — "  Emi- 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


539 


nere,"  32 — Epigrammatists,  414 — Foix  (Gaston 
de),  257 — Frank  (George)  of  Frankenau,  237 — 
Gibbon  :  reference  wanted,  476—"  Good  old," 
516 — "  Globist,"  312— Gray's  '  Elegy,'  varia- 
tions in,  336;  339 — Greek  and  Latin,  pro- 
nunciation of,  215 — "  Haven  under  the  Hill," 
314 — Impaled  on  a  thorn,  274 — Johnson's 
(Dr.)  portrait  in  Hill's  edition  of  Boswell,  274 
— Latin  proverb,  476 — Liddell  and  Scott's 
Greek-English  Lexicon,  437 — "  Lightly  come, 
lightly  go,"  488 — "  Lucasia,"  68 — Macburney 
(James),  516-*-Marlborough  (first  Duke  of), 
his  education,  97 — '  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,' 
suggested  German  source  of,  197 — "  Nothing 
but  their  eyes  to  weep  with,"  435 — Paris 
(Matthew),  58 — Pompeii,  the  sentry  at,  177 — 
"  Poor  cat  i'  th'  adage,"  515 — Raining  in  the 
sunshine,  356 — Regattas,  355 — "  Rex  illiteratus 
est  asinus  coronatus,"  437 — Scott's  '  Legend 
of  Montrose,'  177—"  Singing  bread,"  297— 
Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  dance,  415,  455 — Song  : 
'  I  remember,  I  remember,'  158 — Stafford 
(Viscount),  454,  478,  516 — State  trials  in 
Westminster  Hall,  455 — Sterne  (Laurence), 
anecdote  of,  215 — Thackeray  query,  258 ; 
'  The  Newcomes,'  394 — Tillotson  (Archbishop) 
and  the  Last  Sacraments,  373 — Turlupins,  138 
— Van  der  Plaes  (David),  13 — Warwickshire 
folk  sayings,  73 — Williams  (Archbishop  John), 
his  '  Manual,'  197— Winthrop  (John),  476 

Berney  (Fridzwede)  on  "  single  whiskey,"  489 

Birt  (J.  W.)  on  "  H.  K.,"  member  for  Maldon, 
217 

Bloom  (J.  Harvey)  on  Alstonfield,  co.  Staffs,  292 
— Ascension  Day  :  Warwickshire  custom,  347 
— Epitaph  in  Lowestoft  churchyard,  409 — 
Folklore,  a  miscellany  of  modern,  204 — 
Libraries,  representative  county,  111 — Pancake 
day,  106 — St.  Valentine's  day,  128 

Blumberg  (Edith  d'A.)  on  Combe  House,  Hereford- 
shire, 510 

Bolton  (C.  K.)  on  Hook  :  Oxenbridge  :  Morton  : 
portraits  wanted,  10 

Bonython  ( J.  Langdon)  on  Whistler,  48 

Bowden  (A.  E.)  on  etching  by  W.  J.  White  : 
'  Thomas  Dann  and  Alice  Lucas,'  90 

Bowes  (Arthur)  on  novel  wanted  :  '  The  Vaga- 
bond,' 349 — "  Venetian  window,"  433 

Boyce  (Beatrice)  on  book  borrowers,  253 — 
Boyce  (Francis),  190 — Hogarth  miniature  frame, 
259— Rayner  family  of  Woodham  Walter,  391 
— Rowe  (Col.  Owen),  156 — "  Such  as  make  no 
musick,"  176 

Bradbrook  (W.)  on  book  borrowers,  351 — 
Cowper  :  pronunciation  of  name,  179— Half- 
sovereign,  early  use  of  term,  267 — Libraries 
representative  county,  155 

Bradbury  (F.)  on  "  Bottle-slider,"  53 — Cook's 
(Capt.)crew:  coco-nut  cup,  395 — Sheffield  plate  : 
Matthew  Boulton,  218 — Stonchenge,  origin  of, 
71 

Braye  on  meaning  of  motto  wanted,  349 

Breslar  (M.  L.  R.)  on  American  customs  :  a  long 
grace,  151 — Ashbourne  :  the  Green  Man,  77 — 
Gascoigne  (Robert)  arid  Walthamstow,  130 — 
Snuff  :  "  Prince's  Mixture,"  69 — Tobacco  : 
"  Bird's  eye,"  90 
Bridge  (Joseph  C.),  on  Culver  Hole,  Gower,  413 — 
London  coaching  and  carriers'  inns  in  1732, 
159— Macburney  (James),  474 — Pig,  names  for 
smallest  of  a  litter,  376 


Brierley  (Arthur)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted, 
12 

Britten  (James)  on  '  The  Golden  Manual,"  358 — 
'  New  Jerusalem  :  a  Hymn  of  the  Olden  Time,' 
432 

Brodribb  (C.  W.)  on  Gray's  '  Play-exercise  at  Eton,' 
101 

Brooks  (E.  St.  John)  on  Brooks  (John  and  Charles), 
190 — Brooks  (Thomas)  of  Bath,  268 

Brooks  (H.  St.  John)  on  Pushkin  and  Dante,  411 

Brown  (F.)  on  Peter  Brown  and  the  Mayfloicer, 
89 

Brown  (R.  Stewart)  on  "  Limmig,"  Earl  of  Chester, 
149 

Brownbill  (J.)  on  Lancashire  settlers  in  America, 
227 — Legay  family  of  Southampton  and  London, 
341,  362,  385,  451 

Browne  (G.  Buckston)  on  Patricius  Walker,   356 

Brownhurst  on  author  wanted,  294 

Brunner  (C.)  on  Ranelagh  Gardens  in  Paris,  214 

Brunskill  (E.  W.)  on  Skelton  family,  150 

Buckland  (C.  S.  B.)  on  Rev.  Robert  Whatley,  42, 
63,  221,  242,  261,  286 

Bull  (William)  on  Functionaries,  rights  and  duties 
of,  347 — '  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  473 — Leg  of 
Mutton  Clubs,  250 — Thames  running  dry,  376 

Bulloch  (J.  M.)  on  Arndell  (Dr.),  Hobart/410 — 
Culverwell  (Dr.  Robert  James),  152 — Defoe's 
relations,  432 — '  Giovanni  Sbogarro,'  268 — 
Gordon  (Mr.),  philanthropist,  near  Blackheath, 
410 — Gordon  (Henrietta),  210 — Gordon  (J.  E.), 
etcher,  10 — Gordon  (Michael),  313 — Gordon 
(Rose)  :  '  Childe  Archie's  Pilgrimage,'  331 — • 
Gordon  (Mrs.  Susanna),  218 — "  Hume  (Joseph) 
of  Dorsetshire,"  350— Mackay  (Spencer),  armi- 
ger,  29 — Menzel's  '  German  Literature,'  390 

Burdock  on  '  Chambers's  Journal,'  old  contribution 
to,  69 — "  H.  K.,"  member  for  Maldon,  169 

Bush  (Henry  W.)  on  grey  in  sense  of  brown,  116 — 
"  Now,  then — '!,"  38 

Butterworth  (S.)  on  Lamb  (Charles),  political 
verses  attributed  to,  395 — Whatley  (Robert)  : 
James  Street,  Westminster,  373 

Buttrick  (E.  G.),  on  Shelley  and  Keats  :  biblio- 
graphies wanted,  230 


C.  (A.  C.)  on  Sherington  church  registers,  249 

C.  (A.  D.)  on  Edward  Dixon,  59 

C.  (B.)  on  "  Bottle-slider,"  96 — Culben  Sands,  190 

C.  (C  B.)  on  Covill  surname,  132 

C.  (E.  E.)  on  "Geen"  whisky,  394 — Snuff: 
"  Prince's  Mixture,"  159 

C.  (E.  H.)  on  book  wanted,  90 

C.  (F.  H.)  on  '  Legitimist  Kalendar,'  14 — Napoleon 
(Louis),  poetical  works,  54 — Year  1000  A.D.,  369 

C.  (F.  R.)  on  Schreiner  (Olive),  469— Theal  (Dr.  G. 
McCall),  469 

C.  (H.)  on  Collett  family,  360 — Four-bottle  men  : 
glass  collection,  518 

C.  (J.)  on  "Geen"  whisky,  350 — 'Poor  Undo 
Ned,'  36 — Song  wanted,  1 1 1 — Wine  names,  332 

C.  (J-  P.  de)  on  Caveac  Tavern,  453—"  Over 
against  Catherine  Street  in  the  Strand,"  114— 
Roman  numeral  alphabet,  353 — Sloane's  (Sir 
Hans)  Bloomsbury  House,  452 — Vagrancy  in 
the  eighteenth  century,  137 — Vane  (Ann),  48 

C.  Jnr.  (L.  S.)  on  Cholerton,  491 

C.  (R.  L.)  on  Thames  running  dry,  376 


540 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1921. 


C.  (B.  W.)  on  Prayer  Book :  '  Three  Primers,' 
157 

C.    (W.    A.    B.)    on   Oxford    University,    "  double 
flrste  "    at,    386 — Paris  (Matthew),   75 — Rohan- 1 
Chabot  (Cardinal  de),  178 — Tulchan  bishops,  94  | 

C.  (W.  B.)  on  "  Bomenteek,"  510 

C n  (H.)  on  "  Flippancy,"  468—"  Illy,"  Ameri- 
can use  of  word,  449 — Pastorini's  prophecies, 
435 

Oanaven  (M.  J.)  on  "  The  grey  mare  is  the  better 
Horse,"  430 

Cardoza  (J.  L.)  on  "  Sword  of  Bannockburn,  151 

Carpenter  (G.  L.)  on  song  wanted,  374 

Castro  (J.  Paul  de)  on  Bamfylde  Moore  Carew,  311 
— Fielding's  pamphlet,  '  The  Female  Husband,'  ; 
184 — London  coaching  and  carriers'  inns  in  1732,  ; 
61,  84,   102,   159 — Sloane's  (Sir  Hans)  Blooms- 
bury  House,  277,    312 — '  Western  Miscellany  '  :  j 
Robert  Goadby,   132 — Westminster  assessment  \ 
roU  of  1718,  321 

Cavenagh  (F.  A.)  on  Scott's  '  Legend  of  Mont- 
trose,'  129 

Chambers  (L.  H.)  on  churches  of  St.  Michael,  413  | 
— Epitaph  in  Benson  Church,  Oxon,  409 — j 
— Stafford  (Viscount),  1680,  409 

Chambers  (Wilfred  J.)  on  Gaspar  Barlaeus,  59 — 
"  Frankinsence,"  29 — Libraries,  representative 
county,  111 

Cheethain  (F.  H.)  on  Hazebrouck,  121,  143,  214—; 
' '  Magdalen  "     or     "  Mawdlen, ' '     3  6  6 — Badical 
weaver's  common-place  book,  3 — Tavern  signs  : 
"Quiet    Woman,"    375 — "Venetian    window,"! 
433 

Chevalier  (F.  E.  M.)  on  London  coffee  houses,  i 
taverns,  and  inns  in  the  eighteenth  century,  196  j 

Chignell  (A.  K.)  on  "  Mark  Butherford,"  231 

Chovil  (A.  H.)  on  Cheval  or  Chevall  family,  189 

Christy  (J.  Z.)  on  hooded  steersman,  471 

Cinqvoys  on  book  borrowers,  351 

Clark  (G.  W.  D.  F.)  on  O'Flaherty  family,  274 

Clarke  (Cecil)  on  Ashbourne  :  football  played  on 
Shrove  Tuesday,  176 ;  the  Green  Man  inn 
113,  157,  278;  the  Talbot  inn,  16— Book! 
borrowers,  254,  394 — Caveac  Tavern,  517 — 
"  Common  or  garden,"  459 — Cowper,  pro- 
nunciation of  name,  299,  377 — Green  Man  inn, 
Dartmoor,  498 — "  Howlers,"  449—'  Isola,'  by 
Alice  Mangold  Diehl,  413 — Tavern  signs,  313, 
335 — '  Tomahawk,  The,'  335 

Clay  (W.  M.)  on  Bible  of  James  I.,  258 — "  Empire," 
use  of  the  word,  258 

Clayton  (E.  G.)  on  political  verses  by  Charles 
Lamb,  306 

Clements  (H.  J.  B.)  on  Blount  of  Lincolnshire, 
278,  477 — Carew  family  of  Beddington,  357 — 
Crook  (Sir  Thomas),  478 — 52nd  Begiment  of 
Foot,  235 

Cochrane  (Blair)  on  window  tax  and  dairies,  493 

Cock  (E.  Gertrude)  on  Maj.  Baker,  Governor  of 
Derry,  431 — Sterne  (Enoch),  clerk  to  the  House 
of  Lords  in  Ireland,  431 

Collins  (V.  H.)  on  Henry  Clay,  papier  mache 
manufacturer,  449 

Constant  Beader  on  Bobinson  Crusoe's  island, 
348 

Cook  (A.  K.)  on  "  Colly  my  Cow,"  314 —  "  Phio- 
lad  "  of  barley,  210 

Cook  (C.  A.)  on  heralds'  visitations,  489 — "  Poor 
cat  i'  th'  adage,"  515 — Serjeaiits-at-Law,  496 

Coolidge  (W.  A.  B.)  on  "  Magdalen  "  or  "  Mawd- 
len," 453 


Cope  (E.  E.)  on  Cope  (Sir  John),  487  —  Fox- 
hounds, 391 — Genealogies,  old,  309 — Hareway, 
Englefield,  Berks,  378  —  Heraldic  query,  152 
— Plague  pits,  495 — Begisters,  printing  of, 
511 — Stafford  (Viscount),  479 — War  portents. 
375 — Window  tax  and  dairies,  493 

Cope  (J.  Hauteiiville)  on  chartularies,  95 — St. 
Leonard's  Priory,  115 

Corballis  (C.  P.)  on  arms  of  the  Ellmgham  family, 
391 

Corker  (Maj. -Gen.  T.  M.)  on  Corker  (Corcor),  449 

Corner  (C.)  on  "  Britisher  "  v.  •"  Briton,"  395 — 
Compass,  seventeenth  century,  395 

Corney  (B.  Glanvill)  on  Capt.  Cook  memorials, 
473 

Court  (W.  del)  on  "  Counts  of  the  Holy  Boman 
Empire,"  333 — Van  der  Does,  437 

Crafts  (William  F.)  on  American  customs  :  a  long 
grace,  458 

Crawford  (O.  G.  S.)  on  chartularies,  56 — "  Horse- 
leperd,"  34 — Innys  collection  of  maps,  151 — 
St.  Leonard's  Priory,  Hants,  34 — William 
Bufus,  death  of,  308 

Crooks  (F.)  on  Askell,  178— Croke  (Robert),  89— 
Crook  (John),  Quaker,  150 — Crook  (Sir  Thomas), 
Bart.,  432— Culbin  sands  :  sand  mounds  at 
Southport,  358 — "  Funeral  "  cake  :  "  Arval  " 
cake,  337 — Norton  family  in  Ireland,  50,  195 — 
Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  417 — Prices 
in  the  early  nineteenth  century,  129 — Bichard 
III.,  270 — -Royalist  and  Roundhead  rates  of  pay. 
411 — Stage-coaches,  early,  436 — William  Rufus! 
death  of,  352 

Cross  -Crosslet  on  representative  county  libraries, 
198 

Crosse  (Gordon)  on  stage  history  of  '  Pericles,' 
361 

Crouch  (Chas.  Hall)  on  Ashbourne  :  the  Green 
Man  inn,  113 — Bailey  (Thomas  Farmer),  36 — 
Blacksmith's  epitaph,  368— Carew  family  of 
Beddington,  Surrey,  396 — Emerson's  '  English 
Traits,'  15 — "  Mobs  Hole,"  489 — "  Parliament 
clock,"  494 — Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter, 
497 

Crow  (W.  Roberts)  on  Robert  Johnson,  514 

Crowther-Benyon  (V.  B.)  on  Street  Court,  Kings- 
land,  69 

Cruse  (D.  A.)  on  Pastorini's  prophecy,  313 

Cunningham  (R.  A.)  on  the  Dolphin  inn,  313 


D 


D.  ( 11 .  D.)  on  Liverpool  half -penny,  294 
D.  (H.  L.  L.)  on  De  Deene,  Denny  and  Windsor 
families,  33 — '  How  to  be  happy  though   mar- 
ried,' 368 — Napoleon  relic,  410 
D.  (T.  F.)  on  Beauty,  qualities  of  female,  334 — 
"  Conty,"   99 — Corsica,  British  in,   75 — "  Sing- 
ing bread,"  374 

Davey  (H.)  on  Dryden  quotation,  118 
David  (W.  H.)on  Rhine  regarded  as  French  river, 

509 
Davies   (W.  R.)   on  author  wanted,    311 — Tudor 

(Katharine)  of  Berain,  311 
Dawson  (H.  St.  John)  on  John  Stanier,  90 
Denman  (Arthur)  on  club  membership  longevity, 

410 

Dew  (George  J.)  on  "  Amtmann,"  office  of,  350 — 
Book  borrowers,  278 — Lord's  Prayer  in  gipsy 
or  romany  language,  297 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  11)21. 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


541 


Dickinson  (Asa  Don)  on  "Beware  of  the  woman 
who  does  not  like  cats,"  451 

Diego  on  second  bishop  of  Carlisle,  315 — "  Parlia- 
ment clock,"  494 

D.  Interioris  Ternpli  on  Dickson  family  of  Scot- 
land, 78 

Dodds  (M.  Hope)  on  Captain  Cook  memorials,  297 
— New  England,  religious  persecutions  in,  16 

Dodwell  (W.  D.)  on  author  wanted,  132 

Douglas  (W.)  on  Birkenhead,  loss  of  the,  217 — 
Oxford,  "  double  firsts  "  at,  249 — Wells  (Dr. 
W.  C.),  his  '  Essays  on  Vision,  and  on  Dew,'  113 

Dowse  (E.  C.)  on  Van  der  Does,  392 

Drake  (Carey,  P.)  on  '  Mrs.  Drake  Revived,'  135 

Druett  (W.  W.)  on  Defoe  (Daniel)  in  the  pillory, 
78 — "  Diehards,"  origin  of  the  name,  431 — 
Godwin  (Mary),  490 — "  Pye  house,"  491 

Drury  (Charles)  on  Chippendale  (Thomas),  90 — 
"  Common  or  garden,"  use  of  the  phrase,  392 
— Roberts  (Mary),  129 — Silver  medal  :  identifi- 
cation sought,  512 

Drury  (H.  C.)  on  Drury  and  Castle  families,  310 

Dimcalfe  (A.  Hugh)  on  Captain  Cook's  crew  : 
coco-nut  cup,  330 

Dunne  (E.  A.  K.)  on  book  wanted,  210 


E.  (C.   B.)  oil  book  borrowers,  278— Hats,  "  wide- 
awake,"    197 — Pigs,    names    for   smallest   of   a 

I  i  1 1  < -r.  3 7 6— Wake  game,   1  7 6 
E.  (H.  E.   G.)  on   authors  of   quotations   wanted, 

52 

E.  (V.)  on  author  wanted,  471 
Eagle  (R.  L.)  on  light  and  dark  A  headpiece,  52 
Eastman     (Cecil     K.)     on    author    of     quotation! 

wanted,  491 
Edmunds    (Albert   J.)    on   Dr.    Johnson   and   the 

"  pretty  voluminous  author,"  10 
Edwards  (Fredk.  A.)  on  Lucas  (Paul),  his  '  Journey  ! 

through   Asia   Minor,'    438 — -Ludgate,    London, 

458— New  style,    116— New  Theatre,  Hammer-' 

smith,    452 
Edwards  (Howard)  on  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  American 

editions.  509 — Howard  (John),   169 
Edwards   (W.   E.)   on  London  in  the    fifties    and 

sixl  it-s  :  Police  uniforms,  14 — "Railway  travelling,  '•. 

early.    I  ."> 

Elliot  (W.  G.)  on  song  wanted,  331 
Ellis  (F.  J.)  on  Loretto,  place-name,  114 
Ellis  (M.  A.) i  011  predecessors  of  '  Edwin  Drood,' 

349 
Emeritus  on  Hroncivimont  beer,  11 — Savage  life, 

relapses  into,  511 


F.  (I.)  on  B.  A.  and  T.  Fawcet,  printers,  293— 
Barlow  (Christopher  George),  293 — -Carlisle, 
secondBishop  of,  268— Gledhill  (Grace  America), 
132  -Lord's  Prayer*  in  Gipsy  or  Romany  lan- 
guage, 250 — -'  Meliora,'  30 — Sugar  houses, 
London,  268 — -Tulchan  bishops,  52 

F.  (J.  F.)  on  Brewster  (Sir  Francis),  432— Rowe 
(Col.  Owen),  255 

F.  (.1.  T.)  on  book  borrowers,  350 — "Bottle- 
slider  "  :  "coaster,"  '.11  t  oro-mit  cup,  436 — 
"  (ireii  "  whisky,  394  -Grey  in  sense  ol  brown, 
68,  154— "  Nola,"  37— Pancake  bell,  154—1 


— Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  417— 
— Plague  pits,  495 — St.  Thomas's  day  customs, 
112,  152 — "  Singing  bread,"  297,  374 — -Tulchaii 
bishops,  94 — Venetian  window,  416 — Window 
tax  and  dairies,  492 — •"  Zoo,"  4o6 

F.  ( J.  V.)  on  "  to  curry  favour,"  512 

F.  (J.  W.)  on  Axford  (John),  410 — Denton  (John), 
11 — Diocesan  calendars,  276 — Scaife  or  Scafe 
(John),b.  1776.  71 — Song  wanted,  250 

Fairbrother  (E.  H.)  on  BirkoiJicad,  wreck  of  the. 
161— Sea-cow  fishery,  St.  John,  461 

Fama  on  Bear  (John),  Master  of  Ripon  School,  217 
— Beauclerc,  33 — 'Mrs.  Drake  Revived,'  134 — 
Nebuchadnezzar  lines  on,  33  —  Tennyson. 
(Lord), lines  by,  7 

Fawcett  (J.  W.)  on  Assam,  ancient  history  of,  17 
— Byerley  family  of  Midridge  Grange,  Durham, 
256 — Maughfling  family,  257 — •"  Split  himself," 
292 

Fenton  (Chas.)  on  Brinsmade  family,  269 

Ferrar  (M.  L.)  on  "  Comlies  "  and  "  Cony  bags," 
231 — Pastorini's  prophecy,  251 

Fieldson  (R.  L.)  on  Fieldson  family    171 

Finberg  (Hilda  F.)  on  Austin  (Joseph),  actor,  347 
— Covent  Garden,  pictures  of,  348  — Venetian 
painters.  390 

Fletcher  ( Jas.  M.  J.)  on  old  church  music  at  Wim- 
borne  Minster,  41 

Fletcher  (Rory)  on  Catherinot  (Nicholas),  415— 
"  Death  as  friend,"  255 — Epigrammatists,  414 
— Hambley  House  Academy,  Streatham,  54 — 
Hunger  strike  in  the  fourteenth  century,  293 — • 
Italian  exchange  in  early  seventeenth  century, 
408 — Locker-Lampsori  (Frederick),  publications 
of,  397  — Phillips  (Morgan),  13'j  — Sheldon 
(William  and  Ralph),  74 — "  Tenant  in  capite," 
472 — Tether  book,  472 

Flint  (Thomas)  on  Asmodeus,  251 — -Carlyle's 
'  French  Revolution,'  29,  277 — Emerson's'  Eng- 
lish Traits,'  299 

Forman  (W.  Courthope)  on  book  borrowers,  254, 
334 — "  He  will  never  set  the  sieve  on  fire,"  378 
— Kingston  House,  Knightsbridge,  276 — Monu- 
ment (The),  suicides  from,  473 

Fox  (Lieut.-Col.  C.  F.)  on  fire  pictures,  370 

Freeman  (J.  J.)  on  handshaking,  451 

Fripp  (Edgar  J.)  on  Shakespeare:  "Among  the 
Shakespeare  Archives,"  23,  45,  66,  83,  124,  146, 
181,  223,  241,  262,  284,  3«)4;  346 

Fynmore  (A.  11.  W.)  on  children's  games,  418  — 
* — •"  Honourable  Mr.,"  299 — Pies,  names  for 
smallest  of  a  litter,  395 — "  Voucher  "  =  railway 
ticket,  116 


G.  on  Culbiri  Sands,  318 — '  Legitimist  Kalendar,' 

14— Royal  British  Bank.  130 
G.  ( J.  W.)  on  '  Plague  Pits."  4f»n 
G.  (M.  O.)  on  Hareway,  Englefield,  331 
G  (S.)  on  beauty,  qualities  of  feina!-,  217 — Rose- 
coloured  vestments  on  Mothering  Sunday.  3H2 
G.-c.  (G.  T.)  on  Matthew  Carter,  i:5o 
Gale   (Fred.   R.)   on  Charles  II.   and  the   Smith 
family,    195 — Cooke    (G.    A.)    and   his    county 
itineraries,  436 — Heraldic    arms    wanted,    238 
— '  Legitimist    Kalendar,'     14 — Magdalen    Col- 
lege and  Theophilus  Gale,  471 

Gandy  (Wallace)  on  John  Hughes  of  Liverpool,  12 
Garland  (W.  H.)  on  Phaestos  disk,  151 


542 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1Q21. 


Gawthorp  (Walter  B.)  on  "  Beads  of  castledowne," 

495 — Brass   at   Stoke    d'Abernon,    428 — Dixon 

of  Furness  Fells,  15 — "  Mermaid  at  her  toilet,"  ' 

398 — Plague    pits,    495 — St.  Michael,  churches 

of,    232 — Silver    charm,  old,   94,   258 — Sloane's 

(Sir  Hans)  Bloomsbury  House,  277 
German  (Elsie)   on   curious   seventeenth-century 

compass,  309 

Gideon  (T.)  on  book  borrowers,  278 
Gilbert  (M.)  on  author  wanted,  433 
Gilbert  (William)  on  arms  :  identification  sought, 

131 — Coachman's  epitaph,   148 — Cooke  (G.  A.) 

and  his  county  itineraries,   457 — Jack's  Coffee 

House,     108 — Kensington    gravel    pits,  #76 — 

Scott  of  Essex.  99 

Giles  (Haydn  T.)  on  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  incum- 
bents   of    St.    James's,    189 — Covill,    surname, 

197 
Gingell  (W.  H.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted, 

72— Author  wanted,  393,  451 

Gladstone  (Ernest  S.)  on  London  post-marks,  18 
Gladstone  (Hugh  S.)  on  '  Gentleman's  Magazine,' 

zoological   references     in,   251 — War   portents, 

375 
Glenny  (W.  W.)  on  English  apples,  431 — "  Pulse," 

511 
Goodwin  (Gwendoline)  on  use  of  the  expression 

"  some,"   307 
Goody  (Henry)   on  arms  :   identification  sought, 

150 

Goodyear  (T.  Edw.)  on  Viscount  Stafford,  454 
Gosse  (Philip)  on  tavern  signs,  170,  276 
Gosselin  (Hellier)  on  Lord's   Prayer   in  Gipsy  or 

Romany  language,  316 — Pym  (John),  398 
Grant  (W.)  on  "  He  will  never  set  the  sieve  on 

fire,"  331 
Greenwell     (Bessie)     on     representative     county 

libraries,  54 
Griffith    (L.)    on    de    Bedvers,    34 — "  Tenant    in 

capite,"  429,  518 

Griffith  (B.  H.)  on  "  wake  "  game,  95 
Griffiths  (Percival  D.)  on  Ayres  (Jane)  and  an 

Elizabeth  shoe-horn,   168 — Embroidered  Bible, 

152 
Guillemard  (F.  H.  H.)  on  effects  of  eating  rice, 

437 
Guillermin  (J.)  on  Dr,  William  Charles  Wells,  70, 

113 
Gunther  (B.  T.)  on  coats  of  arms  :  identification 

sought,    30 — -Norfolk   churchwarden's   charities 

in  1716,  247 
Gwatkin  (Ellyn  M.)   on  Captain    Cook's    crew : 

coco-nut  cup,   395 


H 


IT.  on  author  wanted,  499 — Cream-coloured  horses, 
396 

H.  (H.)  on  Paul  Lucas,  his  '  Journey  through  Asia 
Minor,'  398 

H.  (H.  A.)  on  G.  A.  Cooke  and  his  county  itinera- 
ries, 456 

H.  (J.  B.)  on  armorial  bearings  upon  tombs,  115 
— Author  of  quotation  wanted,  91 — Author  of  j 
verses    wanted,    99 — Horse    Guards   Buildings,  i 
177 

H.  (J.  W.)  on  Foix  (Gaston  de),   211 — "Indian 
grass,"  190 

H.  (M.  B.)  on  terrestrial  globes,  69 

H.  (N.)  on  Body's  Island,  214 


H.  (B.  A.)  on  "  Mark  Butherford,"  278 

H.  (B.  C.  L.)  on  Cork  harbour  :  Prince  Bupert's 
fort,  169 

H.  (W.  B.)  on  Albert  Memorial,  149— Arms  of 
England  and  France,  15 — Ashbourne  :  the 
Green  Man  inn,  114 — Austin  (Joseph),  actor, 
418 — 'Author  wanted,  471 — Barlow  family,  31 
— Benson  (Mary),  alias  Maria  Theresa  Phipoe, 
419 — Book  borrowers,  314 — Chatterton,  114 
— Hambley  House,  Streatham,  11 — Hunting 
songs:  Cha worth  Musters,  231,  318 — Incense, 
post-Beformation  use,  179 — •"  Loke,"  299 — 
Monteagle  (Lord),  portrait  of,  114 — Oxford's 
(Bishop  of)  coinage,  512 — Petty  France,  477 
— Boyat  British  Bank,  234 — •  Watch  stealing, 
448 — Westbury  (first  Lord),  51— Wilson  (John), 
bookseller,  39 

H.  (W.  S.  B.)  on  Carew  (Bamfylde  Moore),  248 
— Church  building  and  Parliamentary  Com- 
missioners, 450 — Cooke  (G.  A.)  and  his  county 
itineraries,  393 — Fable  of  the  Bees,  499 — Jacob 
(Giles),  his  Year  Books  and  Law  Beports,  212 
— 'Libraries,  representative  county,  272 — Maun- 
drell's  '  Journey  from  Aleppo  to  Jerusalem,'  89 
— "  Bigges  "  and  "  granpoles,"  71 — -"Tether 
Book,"  432 — West-country  place-names,  30 
— '  Western  Miscellany,'  1 1 

Haie  (M.  de  la)  on  Vernon  of  Liverpool,  432 

Hales  (B.  T.)  on  "  Magdalen  "  or  "  Mawdlen," 
494 — Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  497 

Hallward  (N.  L.)  on  handling  of  sources,  73 

Hamilton  (Everard)  on  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
49 

Hancock  (C.  V.)  on  Samuel  Butler,  his  school,  107 

Hannen  (H.)on  Kentish  boroughs,  78 — Meridians 
of  London  and  of  Greenwich,  257 — St.  Thomas's 
day  customs,  112 — Terrestrial  globes,  134 

Harbron  (Dudley)  on  Harborne  or  Harbron 
family,  167 

Hardwick  (Geo.)  on  London  postmarks,    34 

Hardwick  (H.)  on  Thomas  Butler,  209 

Harford  (F.  D.)  on  wine  names,  436 

Harmatopegos  on  author  of  quotation  wanted, 
12 — Hazebrouck,  197 — Mont  Blanc,  early  ascent 
of,  77 — Paulet  (Lady  Catherine)  :  Sir  Henry 
Berkeley,  37— White  (William  Hale)  :  "  Mark 
Butherford,"  278 

Harris  (H.  A.)  on  banns-cum-marriage  registers, 
368 — Book  borrowers,  477 

Harrison  (H.  G.)  on  Andrews  (Bernard),  poet 
laureate,  475 — '  New  Jerusalem  :  a  Hymn  of 
the  Olden  Time,'  475 

Harting  (Hugh)  on  Boston  tea  party,  107 

Harting  (J.  E.)  on  Bonham  (Col.),  falconer,  69 — 
Book  borrowers,  456 — "  Bigges  "  and  "  Gran- 
poles,"  135 — Scotch  falconer,  hanging  of  in 
1616,  450— Tillemans  (Peter),  338— Yew-trees 
in  churchyards,  97 

Haythorne  (W.)  on  Curtis  :  Lathrop  :  Willoughby, 
132 

Henderson  (T.)  on  "  Haven  under  the  Hill,"  228 
— "  Milk  of  Paradise,"  331 — Tennyson  queries, 
269 

Hewitt  (W.  T.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted, 
491 

Hillstone  (J.)  on  Hawke  family,  151 

Hippoclides  on  horse-riding  records,  509 

Historical  student  on  St.  Andrew's,  Scotland : 
pre-Beformation  seal,  110 

Holman  (H.  Wilson)  on  vagrancy  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  81 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


543 


Hookham  (George)  on  pronunciation  of  the  name' 
Shakespeare,   211 

Horner  (George)  on  Syriac  MS.  :  Life  and  Passion 
of  Our  Lord,  168 

Howard  (J.  L.)  on  Royal  Horse  Guards,  293 

Hudson  (Harry  K.)  on  "  Burnt  his  boats,"  210 — 
"  Fordraught  "  or  "  fordraft,"  450 

Hudson  ( J.  Clare)  on  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  97 
— Covill     family,      198 — Liddell     and     Scott's 
Greek-English  Lexicon,   158 — Tulchan  bishops,  j 
95 

Hughes  (T.  Cann)  on  Paul  Marny,  136 

Hulburd  (Percy)  on  Gervase  de  Cornhill,  229 
• — Lancashire  settlers  in  America,  418— 
Richard  III.,  215  i 

Hutchinson  (W.  A.)  on  coffin-mouse,  212 — Lamb 
(Charles)  and  Russell  Street,  157 — "  Outrun 
the  constable,"  97,  157 — Tavern  signs  :  "  Fly- 
ing Scud,"  436 


I 


I.  B.  L.  (Editor)  on  Pastorini's  prophecies,  396 

Inquirer  on  arms  :     identification  sought,  470 — 

Burke  :    reference  wanted,  332 

Ireland    (Arthur    J.)    on    Ireland    family,  269 — 

Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  473 


J.  (E.  A.)  on  Mompesson  (Roger),  111 — Winthrop 
(John),  391 

J.  (G.  H.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  491 
— Sale  (Maj.-Gen.  Sir  Robert  Sale),  31 

Jacobs  (Reginald)  on  cherry  orchards  in  Kent, 
352 — Covent  Garden,  pictures  of,  417 — Ghost 
stories  connected  with  old  London  Bridge,  330 

Jaeger  (Prof.  F.  M.)  on  Cornelius  Drebbel,  28 

Jaggard  (Capt.  W.)  on  Alsop  and  Fawcet,  printers, 
337 — '  Annals  of  Ireland,'  276 — Bible  of 
James  I.,  258 — Book  borrowers,  351,  377 — 
— Book  of  Common  Prayer,  97 — Cooke  (G.  A.) 
and  his  county  itineraries,  436 — Covill  family, 
198 — Gouger,  surname,  195 — "  Liverpool  gentle- 
man and  Manchester  man,"  337  — '  Orders  and 
Ordinances  of  the  Hospitals,'  55 — "  Outrun 
the  constable,"  58 — '  Pericles  '  on  the  stage, 
417 —  "  Poor  cat  i'  th'  adage,"  497 — Railway 
travelling,  early,  79 — Royal  Horse  Guards,  334 
— Shakespeare  query,  318 — Shakespeare's  songs, 
514 — "  Singing  bread,"  297 — Tavern  signs  : 
"  Quiet  Woman,"  417 

James  (H.  E.)  on  Culver  Hole,  Gower,  Glamorgan- 
shire, 370 

Jervis  (Charles  M.)  on  hoe  cake,  236 

Jessel  (F.)  on  huddlings,  59 

Johnston  (G.  D.)  on  S.  E.  Thrum,  469 

Jones  (W.  H.)  on  "  zices  "  or  "  screeds,"  210 


K 


K.   (H.)  on  Lord's  Prayer  in  Gipsy  or  Romany 

language,   297 
K.  (L.  L.)  on  Aliustrel,  bronze  tables  discovered 

in,   10 — Geophone,  47 — Keith  (Dr.  Alexander), 

18— Sheffield  plate  :    Matthew  Boulton,  170 
Kemball   (Vera   S.)   on   Palestine  :      Fort   of   St. 

George,  431 


Kenyon  (T.  A.)  on  Kenyon  (Michael),  349 — • 
London  coaching  and  carriers'  inns,  116 

Kings  bury  (Miss  E.  D.)  on  churches  of  St.  Michael, 
190 

Kingsmill  (Amy  R.)  on  song  wanted,  315 

Knowles  (John  A.)  on  "  Beads  of  castledowne," 
453 — "  Death  as  friend,"  234 — Glass-painters 
of  York,  127,  323,  364,  406,  442,  485— Thornton 
(John)  of  Coventry?  171 — Wringing  the  hands, 
513 

Knowles  (Sir  Lees)  on  first  Duke  of  Maryborough, 
his  education,  96 

Krebs  (H.)  on  Maundrell's  '  Journey  from  Aleppo 
to  Jerusalem,'  137 


L.  (B.  J.)  on  window  tax  and  dairies,  493 

L.  (J.  de  C.)  on  Roman  numeral  alphabet,  317 

L.  (J.  P.)  on  "  Haven  under  the  hill,"  336 

L.  (M.  G.)  on  early  railway  travelling,  32 

L.  (S.  M.)  on  "  Venetian  windows,"  347 

L.  (W.)  on  statues  and  memorials  in  the  British 

Isles,  98 

L.-Y.  (F.  P.)  on  James  Peake,  299 
Lane    (John)    on   Rowlandson,  etching   by,  329 — 

Smith  (Capt.),  founder  of  Jesus  Chapel,  191 
Latham  (Edward)  on  Stevenson  and  Miss  Yonge, 

30,  79 
Lawrence  (W.  J-)  on  an  English  comedian  at  the 

court  of  Louis  XIV.,  401 
Lebel  on  Henry  Bell  of  Portington,  371 
Lecky  (John)  on  "  Haven  under  the  hill,"  314 — 
'  Hinchbridge     Haunted :      a     Country     Ghost 
Story,'  298 

Le  Couteur  (John  D.)  on  Graham  (Lady  Anne),  70, 
116 — Thornton    (John)    of    Coventry    and    the 
great  east  window  of  York  Minster,  52 
Lee  (Raymond)  on  Cowper  :   pronunciation  of  the 

name,  338 

Leffmann  (Henry)  on  Gaelic  era  "  eighty-eight,"  251 
Leggatt    (E.    E.)    on    Marny    (Paul),    136— Pym 

(John),   308— Tillemans  (Peter),  293 
Leslie  (Lieut.-Col.  J.  H.)  on  army  list,  English,  of 
1740,    6,    46,    82,    185,    327,    405,    445— Corsica, 
British  in,  59 — Fire  pictures  :  burning  of  H.M.S. 
Bombay,  418 — Sardinia,  British  in,  88 
Lewin  (Evans)  on  flag  flown  on  Armistice  Day,  510 
Lewis  (Penry)  on  "  Britisher  "  v.  "  Briton,"  357 — 
Campbell     (Lieut.-Col.      James),      51 — Corsica, 
British  regiments  in,   10 — Forbes  (Major  Jona- 
than),     51— Hankey      (Sir     Frederick),      51— 
"  Honourable      Mr.,"       176 — Johnston      (Maj. 
Arthur),  51 

Leyburn-Yarker  (F.  P.)  on  Cook  (Capt.)  memo- 
rials, 218 — Philpots  (St.  Leger)  and  Goldsmith, 
293 

Lightfoot  (Major  J.  W.)  on  Philip  and  John  Light- 
foot,  410 

Livesey  (John)  on  author  wanted,  259 
Lloyd  (Alfred)    on    "  fordraught  "  or  "  fordraft," 

478 

Loder  (Gerald)  on  club  membership  longevity,  453 
Logeman  (H.)  on  "  globist,"  267 
Lovibond  (Hugh  J.)  on  arms  of  the  See  of  Brechin, 

430 

Lucas  (J.  Landfear)  on  bread  and  butter  eating, 
348 — Friday  Street,  16 — Ladies'  portraits,  510 
—Leopold  I.  of  Belgium,  89 — Mermaid  at  her 


544 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


Not os  and  Queries,  July  30, 1021. 


toilet,  309 — Napoleon  and  London,  369 — Rane- 
lagh  Gardens,  170 — Tobacco  :  "  returns,"  27 — 
Versailles,  Kensington  gravel  at,  30 

Lucis  on  '  John  Inglesant,'  450 

Lupton  (E.  Basil)  on  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  294 — Lamb 
(Charles)  and  Russell  Street,  109^—"  Poor  cat  i' 
th'  adage,"  431 

M 

M.    on  author   wanted,    219 — Sowdon   (Benjamin 
'    Choyce),  236 — '  Tercentenary  Handlist  of  News- 
papers,'  38 — '  Western  Miscellany,'   56 

M.  (A.  D.)  on  early  history  of  Scottish  and  Irish 
Gael,  151 

M.    (A.    T.)    on     "  abnepos,"    229 — "  Four-bottle 
men,"   418 — Jenkinson  and  Duck  families,  249 
-'  Mrs.       Drake      Revived,'       88 — Vinecombe 
(Daniel),  13 

M.  (C.  K.  S.)  on  Hamiltons  at  Holyrood,  154 

M.  (F.  M.)  on  Corsica,  British  in,  35 — Marlborough 
(First  Duke  of),  his  education,  50 — Paper 
watermark,  268 — William  Rufus,  death  of,  352 

M.  (G.  B.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  132 — 
Bible  of  James  I.,  212 — Browne  family  of 
Kiddington,  Oxon,  332— Cloth  Fair,  312— 
Defoe  (Daniel),  12 — Dickens  and  Henry  VIII.. 
432—"  Golden  Ball  "  in  St.  Giles's,  268— 
"  Pitt's  Peers,"  451 — Tulchan  bishops,  95 — 
Westminster  Hall,  state  trials  in,  371 — 
Worcestershire,  route  through,  152 — Yew-trees 
in  churchyards,  50 

M.  (L.  G.)  on  author  wanted,  212 

M.  (P.  D.)  on  Allen  family,  132— Green  (Major 
Samuel)  of  Killaghy,  88 — -Herbert  (Maj.-Gen. 
the  Hon.  William),  109 

M.  (R.)  on  author  of  poem  Wanted,  270 — Author 
wanted,  471 — '  Hinchbridge  Haunted,'  211 — 
May  saying,  490 

M.  (W.  J.)  on  epitaphs,  318,  335— Lightfoot, 
458 — Monument,  suicide  by  jumping  from. 
434— Thrum  (S.  E.),  516 

M.  (W.  R.  D.)  on  Archibald  Douglas  of  Dornock, 
69 

Mabbott  (T.  O.)  on  classical  quotations  in  Poe's 
works,  269 

Me.  on  '  Woman  and  her  master,'  448 

McA.  (M.  B.)  on  Cardinal  de  Rohan  Chabot,  110 

McC.  (R.)  on  names  for  smallest  pig  of  a  litter. 
453 

McGovern  (J.  B.)  on  book  borrowers,   208,   254, 
278,  377— Bronte  poems,  247,  450— Danteiana, 
39,     462 — Dickens,    mistranslation    in,     487 — 
Erasmus,   motto   of,    191 — '  Exercitia   Spiritu- 
alia '     of    St.     Ignatius    Loyola,     392 — Gray's 
'  Elegy,'    250 — Greek,    pronunciation    of,    26 — 
Hundredth    Psalm  :       Gaelic    versions,    233 —  j 
Latin     proverb,     432 — "  Liverpool     gentleman  [ 
and  Manchester  man,"  250 — -Parini  (Giuseppe),  j 

Macpherson  (H.  M.  Charters)  on  Leigh  Hunt,  139  | 

McWilliam  (Bruce)  on  St.  Thomas's  dav  customs,  i 
113 

Magrath  (John  R.)  on  "  Beads  of  Castledowne," 
409 — Nola  :  Cnollare  :  Pulsare,  i)5 

Marchant  (Francis  P.)  on  "  Now,  then — !  " 
76 — Turlupins,  138 

Markland  (Russell)  on  Andrews  (Bernard),  poet 
laureate,  475 — Ash  (Charles  Bowker),  466,  471 
-Challinor  (William),  186 — Cowper,  237 — 
Hibberd  (Shirley),  226—'  Pancake  bells'  274 


Marten   (A.    E.)    on   "  Mark   Rutherford,"    231 — 

Martin  (Marten),  433 
Martin  (H.  A.  J.)  on  Manor  of  Lilley,  469 

Martin  (S.)  on  New  Theatre,  Hammersmith,  408 

Martin  (Stapleton)  on  names  for  smallest  pig  of  a 
Utter,  497 

Matthews  (Thurstan)  on  source  of  lines  wanted 
310 

Maule  (Francis)  on  "  Blighty,"  340 

Maxwell  (Herbert)  on  Banquo,  495— Book 
borrowers,  254 — Culbin  Sands,  235 — -Kildalton 
Cross,  Islay,  35—"  Orgy,"  487— St.  Michael, 
churches  of,  231 — "  Sword  of  Bannockburn," 
192 — Turner  (Spencer),  137 — Ulster  rlrvmes, 
334— Vanessa,  107 

Mayall  (Arthur)  on  Mayall,  511 

Maycock  (Willoughby)  on  Benson  (Mary),  alia? 
Maria  Theresa  Phipoe,  419 — Cook  *  (Cap!.) 
memorials,  176 — Cricket:  the  "Ashes,"  135 
— Gaillard  (Pierre  Francois),  14 — Hunting 
songs  :  Chaworth  Musters,  277 — Kensington 
gravel  pits,  57— Marlborough  (first  Duke  of), 
his  education,  96 — Monument,  suicide  by 
jumping  from,  434 — Napoleon  and  London, 
412 — -"Outrun  the  constable,"  58 — Parlia- 
ment Hill,  218— Plague  pits,  495— Sloan  (Sir 
Hans),  his  Bloomsbury  house,  277 — Song : 
'  Bryan  O'Lynn,'  378 — Ward  (Sir  Leslie), 
picture  by,  18 — Westbury  (first  Lord),  94 

Ma/ingarbe  on  John  Hands,  211 

Medinews  on  "Four-bottle  men,"  310 — Pigs, 
names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  331 — Richard  III., 
169— San  Severino  (Gianetta  di),  70 

Merivale  (R.)  on  aliens  in  Northamptonshire, 
370 

Merriman  (R.  W.)  on  the  year's  round  of  children's 
games,  355 

Mewell  (Abm.)  on  window  tax  and  dairies,  5  IS 

Middlebush  (F.  A.)  on  Thomas  Chudleigh,  189 

Mildmay  (Carew)  on  author  wanted,  393 

Miller  (E.  B.)  on  "  Colly  my  cow,"  257—"  Corn- 
lies  "  and  "  Cony  bags,"  277 

Milner  (James  D.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner,  329 

Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  centipede,  411 — 
Cherries,  proverb  about  eating,  190 — Cor- 
sican  war-dogs  :  island  of  fowls,  392 — Dogs, 
crucifixion  of,  390 — Elder  in  folk-lore,  18 — 
Old  man's  perversity,  429 — Peacocks'  feathers 
in  folk-lore,  37 — Raining  in  the  sunshine,  307 — 
Wolf,  447 

Moffat  (Alex.  C.)  on  Askell,  surname,  75 

Montagnier  (Henry  F.)  on  Mont  Blanc,  early 
ascents  by  English  travellers,  30 — Wilson, 
the  "  Ranger  of  the  Himalayas,"  216 

Morden  (Cecil)  on  Phaestos  disk,  275 

Morgan  (Appleton)   on  Shakespeariana,   446 

Moring  (Alex.)  on  willow  pattern  china,  496 

Morris  (W.)  on  book  borrowers,  315 

Moses  (D.  A.  H.)  on  Frank  (George)  of  Fran- 
kenau,  189— Morton  (Rev.  Charles),  39— 
Snape  (Edward),  169 

Munshi  (R.  N.)  on  Parsi  colony  in  South  Seas.  '.» 

N 

N.  (C.  G.)  on  Christmas  pudding  and  mince 
pie,  116 — H.  Z.  N.,  initials  of  water-coloiu- 
painter,  294 — Marny  (Paul),  88 — Stonehenge, 
117 — Tulchan  bishops,  94 

N.  (M.)  on  religious  persecutions  in  New  England, 
16 


Notes  and  Quoriop,  July  "0,  1921. 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


545 


Naish  (Charles  E.)  on  Defoe  and  Africa,  251 
Nesbit  (E.)  on  light  and  dark  "  A  "  headpiece,  98 
Newton  (E.  E.)  on  Canaletto,  English  views  by, 

56 — London  etchings  by  Jane  Smith,  228 
Nicklis  (T.)  on  Cowper  :  pronunciation  of    name, 

110 

Ningha  on  Shakespeare  query,  269 
Nola  on  consecrated  roses  in  coats  of  arms,   70 
Norcross   (John   E.)    on  use  of   the   word   "  Em- 1 

pire,"  335 
Norman    (Philip)    on    Bonte    (M.),     151 — Morris 

(.Capt.   Charles),    298 — Paris  (Matthew),    28 
Norris   ( 1  'erbei  t    E.)  on  Blown  (Bateman),    35 — 

Huntingdonshire  school  magazines,  325 


O 


O.  (J.  M.)  on  hunger  strike  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  354,  398 

O.  (M.  N.)  on  Warwickshire  sayings.  fi<) 

O'Donnell  (Robert  J.)  on  old  novels  and  song- 
books,  369 

Oliver  (Vere  L.)  on  Bonaparte's  (Julie)  letters. 
333 — Holder  (William),  137 — Legay  family  of 
Southampton  and  London,  452 

Onions  (C.  T.)  on  '    Zoo,"  368 


P.  (H.  A.)  on  Kingston  House,  Knightsbridge,  230 

P.  (L.  H.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  91 

I'.  (M.  A.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  91 

Page  (F.)  on  Leigh  Hunt  and  Charles  Dickens, 
50,  91 

Palmer  (J.  Foster)  on  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  457 — 
Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  453 

Pardoe  (Avern)  on  '  Monte  Cristo,'  372 

Partridge  (C.)  on  George  III.  and  Francis  Hay- 
wood,  28 

Patching  (John)  on  Ashbourne  :  the  Green  Man 
inn,  113 — Mompesson  (Roger),  158 

Paton  (Walter  B.)  on  tavern  signs  :  "  None  the 
Wiser,"  90 

Payen-Payne  (de  V.)  on  Foix  (Gaston  de),  257 
—  Mat  ton  (Joseph),  106 — Napoleon  and  Lon- 
don, 412 — "Outrun  the  constable,"  117 — 
"Perfide  Albion,"  216— "  Poor  cat  i'  th' 
adage,"  475 

Peachey  (George  C.)  on  Peachey  (Richard),  490— 
Symons  (John),  490 

Pearson  (Howard  S.)  on  "  fordraught "  or 
"  fordraft,"  478 — Funeral  cake,  297 — Pye 
(Charles),  engraver,  77 

Peck  (W.  A.)  on  John  Bear  (or-  Barber)  master 
of  Ripon  School,  217 

Pengelly   (R.    S.)   on   fire   pictures  :   burning      of 
a.M.S.     Bombay,     418 — "Juan     de     Vega":; 
Charles  Cochrane,   371 — '  Martin  Chuzzlewit  '  :  < 
Elijah   Pogram,    339 — Tavern   signs,    236,    313  i 

Penny  (Frank)  on  Bont6,  196 — Coachman's ! 
epitaph,  196— Cobbold  family,  254 — Plees  ! 
family,  254 

ivtegrinus  on  "  Cor  ad  cor  loquitur,"   393 

1'cisicus  on  Ashbourne  :  the  Green  Man  inn,  157 — 
New  style,  194 

Phillips  (Walter  H.)  on  Morgan  Phillips,  136 

Pickering  (R.  Y.)  on  book  borrowers,   254,   278, 
296 — Domestic    history,     nineteenth    century,  j 
256 — Locker-Lampson      (Frederick),      publica-  j 
tions  of,  355 


Pierpoint  (Robert)  on  bank  notes,  private,  227 — • 
Barbary,  English  slaves  in,  187 — "  Hun,"  35 — 
Mercandotti  (Mile.),  16 — Meridians  of  London 
and  of  Greenwich,  209 — "  Parapet,"  a  street 
footway,  87 — '  Poor  Uncle  Ned,'  93 — '  Stirrup 
Cup  '  :  quotation  from,  19 — "  Such  as  make 
no  musick,"  131 — Tavern  signs  :  "  Turkey 
Slave,"  187 — Turlupins,  religious  sect,  138 

Pigott  (Win.  Jackson)  on  Barne  (John),  152 — 
Fuller  (Thomas)  of  Amsterdam,  250 — Musgrave 
(Simeon),  370 — Purefoy  (George)  of  Wadley, 
Bucks,  210 

Pinchbeck  (W.  H.)  on  Tennyson  queries,  337 

Pitman  (H.  A.)  on  Leander  Club,  212— Pitman  of 
Quarley,  132 

Poland  (Harry  B.)  on  Habeas  Corpus  Act,  3f>3— 
Monument,  suicides  from,  434 

Ponder  (S.)  on  '  Poor  Uncle  Ned,'  94 

Poole  (Mrs.  Rachael)  on  auction  sales  in  1714,  10 

Postgate  (J.  P.)  on  Soi-s  lemica,  468 — Wringing 
the  hands,  470 

Powell  (Lawrence  F.)  on  Jacob  Larwood  :  pseu- 
donym, 508 

Power'  (William  R.)  on  Hackney,  470— Orford 
House,  Walthamstow,  18 — "Parliament 
clock,"  451 

Powlett  (Col.  N.)  on  Banquo,  354 

Price  (Leonard  C.)  on  Anstruther :  Vansittarl  : 
Yule  :  Cardew,  450— Carew  family  of  Bedding- 
ton,  Surrey  308— Ellingham,  arms  of,  516 — 
*  Orders  and  Ordinances  of  the  Hospitals,'  f>G — 
— Plume  mantlings  in  heraldry,  491 — Sa.v«-ry 
family  of  Maryborough,  Wilts,  11— Scoles  and 
Duke  families,  70 

Prideaux  (S.  P.  T.)  on  the  year's  round  of  chil- 
dren's games,  309 

Priscilla  on  music  in  the  early  eighteenth  century, 
350 — Pinnet  (J.  Young),  landscape  painter,  371 

Pritchard  (John  E.)  011  book  borrowers,  351 

Public  Librarian  on  representative  county  li- 
braries, 35 


Quarrell  (W.  H.)  on  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  129— 
Pigs,  names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  435 

Quigley  (Hugh)  on  aesthetic  criticism  in  Italy.  244, 
288^-Morghen  (Raphael),  501— Parini  (Giu- 
seppe), 354 


R 


R.  (A.)  on  reference  wanted,  471 — Tavern  signs: 
"  The  New  Found  Out,"  132 — Vicar  elected  by 
ballot,  429 

R.    (E.)   on   buttonholes,   471 — Gordon   (Michael), 
minor  poet,    357 — Wills,   repositories   of,    251 — 
— Wordsworth's    '  Prelude,'    106 
R.  (H.  E.)  on  tavern  signs  :    "Brentford  Tailor," 

190 

R.  (J.  P.)  on  window  tax  and  dairies,  493 
R.  (L.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  332 
R.  (L.  G.)  on  Banquo,  308 — Habeas  Corpus  Act, 

311 
R.  (V.)  on  Dickens  and  Cibber's  '  Apology,'  149 — 

Wringing  the  hands,  512 
Radice  (Sheila)  on  Shakespeare's  songs,  471 
Ranger    on    O' Flaherty    family,    Kings    of    Con- 
naught,  188 


546 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1921. 


Bead  (F.  W.)  on  Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart's 
swords,  99 

Reynolds  (H.  W.)  on  "  Damas  "  lane,  Swindon,  489 

Reynolds  (Henry  Fitzgerald)  on  bogs,  growth  of, 
510 — Irish  family  history:  O'Reilly  of  Dublin, 
443  ;  Reynolds  of  Coolbeg,  Co.  Donegal,  502 

Richardson  (Norah)  on  book  borrowers,  315 — 
Cider  and  rheumatism,  317 — Mannequin,  170 — 
'  Tercentenary  Handlist  of  Newspapers,'  252 

Rickwood  (George)  on  Matthew  Carter,  219 

Rivett-Carnac  (J.  H.)  on  King  of  England  and 
Baux,  390 

Robbins  (Alfred)  on  '  Poor  Uncle  Ned,'  36— 
"  Popkin's  Plan,"  226 — Tavern  signs  :  "  Flying 
Scud,"  354 

Roberts  (W.)  on  "  Outrun  the  constable,"  29 

Rockingham  on  prisoners  who  have  survived 
hanging,  73 

Roe  (F.  Gordon)  on  Booty  (Edward)  of  Brighton, 
89— Cobbold  family,  211— Gordon  (Mrs.  Su- 
sanna), 170 — Plees  family,  211 — Stokoe  (Alex- 
ander), 229 

Rose  (H.  A.)  on  royal  succession  by  marriage  to 
last  King's  widow,  489 

Row  (Prescott)  on  "  Haven  under  the  hill,"  355 — 
"  Juan  de  Vega,"  308 — Stonehenge,  117 — 
Walker  (Patricius),  308 

Rowe  ( J.  Hambley)  on  Hicks's  MS.  History  of  St. 
Ives,  489 — Representative  county  libraries,  8 

Rowland  (Stephen)  on  Sussex  and  Surrey  dialect 
words  and  phrases,  481 

Rudkin  (Maj.  H.  E.)  on  Anglo-Indian  songs  : 
authors  wanted,  171 — Court-martial  of  a  duel- 
list, trial  by,  381,  402,  422 

Rushforth  (G.  McM.)  on  John  Thornton  of 
Coventry :  Great  Malvern  Priory  Church,  1 3 

Russell  (Constance)  on  Campbell  (Gen.  Sir  Henrv 
F.),  210 — Mitford's  (Mary  Russell)  lottery 
prize,  393 

Russell  (F.  A.)  on  Cambridge  University :  the 
Glomery,  57 — Elizabeth's  (Queen)  statue,  St. 
Dunstan's-in-the-West,  317 — Hearth  tax,  518 
— Popery  :  "  A  loaf  of  bread  to  feed  the  Pope," 
356 


S.  (A.  E.)  on  "  Singing  bread,"  333 

S.  (A.  H.)  on  "  Heightem,  Tightem  and  Scrub," 

78 — Horse  Guards  buildings,   58 — Pigs,   names 

for  smallest  of  a  litter,  435 
S.  (E.  M.)  on  Zella  Trelawny,  88 
S.  (H.  K.  St.  J.)  on  coffin-mouse,  255— Sun-dials, 

511 

S.  (J.)  on  "  Comlies  "  and  "  Cony  bags,"  277 
S.   (K.)   on  volunteering  in  "  the  forties,"    150 — 

"  Zoo,"  413 

S.  (L.)  on  John  Witty,  453 

S.  (N.)  on  transportations,  after  the  Forty-five,  510 
S.  (R.)  on  engraving  on  a  snuff-box  lid,  309 
S.   (R.   G.)  on  Falkirk  Battle  Roll,   471— Hearth 

tax,  471 
S.  (T.  S.)  on  '  Bombay,  Life  in,'  29 — "  Honourable 

Mr."  :  "  His  Excellency,"  use  of  the  titles,  110 

— '  Qui  Hi  in  Hindostan,'  29 

S.  (W.  B.)  on  "  Chautauqua,"  474 — Douglass  (Cle- 
mentina    Johannes      Sobiesky),      411 — Oxford 

University  :  "  double  firsts  "  at,  334 
Sadler  (Hugh)  on  "  The    poor   cat  i'  th'  adage," 

475 


St.  Quentin  (Lt.-Col.  A.  N.)  on  eighteenth-cen- 
tury naval  and  military  funds,  347 

St.  Swithin  on  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  97 — 
Cherries,  proverb  about  eating,  238 — Covill 
family,  198 — Cowper,  pronunciation  of  name, 
338 — Friday  Street,  16 — "  Geen  "  whisky,  394— 
"  Haven  under  the  hill,"  395 — Heraldic,  38 — 
Joan  of  Arc,  515 — Kensington  gravel  pits,  57 
Labrador  families,  266 — '  Letters  from  Galilee,' 
391 — Libraries,  representative  county,  34 — 
Locker-Lampson  (Frederick),  publications  by, 
307 — Mannequin,  218 — Nail-cutting,  medical 
value  of,  248 — Neology,  347 — "  Outrun  the 
constable,"  58 — Pancake  bell,  198 — '  Penny 
Post '  298— Pigs,  name  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  376 
— Raining  in  the  sunshine,  356 — St.  Augustine's 
Abbey,  Bristol,  315 — St.  Thomas's  Day  customs, 
112  —  "  Sieve  "  :  "  temse,"  378  —  "  Singing 
bread,"  297 — Sterne  (Laurence),  anecdote  of,  12 
— Tavern  signs,  276 — Tillotson  (Archbishop) 
and  the  Last  Sacraments,  331,  417— Tobacco  : 
"  Bird's  eye,"  158 — Ulster  rhymes,  334 — Volans, 
198 — Voucher  =  railway  ticket,  36 — War  por- 
tents, 329 — William  Rufus,  death  of,  352 — 
Wool-gathering,  38— Wringing  the  hands,  513 

Salmon  (David)  on  book  borrowers,  477 —  '  Chau- 
tauqua," 474 — "  Phiolad  "  of  barley,  273 — 
— Tudor  (Katharine)  of  Berain,  359 

Samuel  (G.  A.  H.)  on  quotation  from  Burke,  139 

Sanborn  (M.  Ray)  on  "  H.  K.,"  member  for  Maldon, 
335 — Lancashire  settlers  in  America,  375 

Scabsie  (W.)  on  Dr.  Johnson's  portrait  in  Hill's 
edition  of  Boswell,  229 

Scott  (M.  Hamilton)  on  Japanese  artists,  411 

Self-Weeks  (Wm.)  on  "  Auster  "  land  tenure,  233 
— Book  borrowers,  351 — "  Death  as  Friend," 
234—"  Parliament  Clock,"  494 — St.  Michael, 
churches  of,  232 

Seton- Anderson  (James)  on  Anderson  (Francis  and 
John),  348 — Anderson  (Joseph),  292 — Anderson 
family,  Baronets  of  Broughton,  268— Deaths,  266, 
390— Dickson  (James),  310 — Dickson  (Maria)  : 
Dr.  Dominick  Lynch,  249— Dickson  (Robert), 
230 — Dickson  (Samuel),  28— Dickson  family 
of  Scotland,  28 — Fitzgerald  (Mrs),  her  residence 
at  Brighton,  331 — Forrester  (Andrew),  71 — 
— Hamiltons  at  Holyrood,  115 — Jamaica,  slave 
owners  in,  212 — London:  the  Cloth  Fair,  353, 
477 — Marriages,  188,  368,  468 — O 'Flaherty 
family,  259 — Poem  wanted,  410 — Simson  (Rev. 
Matthew),  51 — Staresmore  of  Frolesworth,  512 
— Sutherland  (Alexander)  of  Ackergiel,  108 — 
Turner  family,  238 — William  Rufus,  death  of, 
352 

Seymour  (T.)  on  representative  county  libraries,  77 

Seymour  (Thos.)  on  "  Singing  bread,"  435 

Shaw  (Capt.  C.  C.)  on  Lovelace  (Francis),  Governor 
of  New  York,  7— Scott  family,  331 

Sherwood  (George)  on  libraries,  representative 
county,  111 — Stafford  (Viscount),  454 

Shilleto  (Rowland  J.)  on  Shilleto  family,  155 

Shorter  (Clement)  on  '  Fable  of  the  Bees,'  433 — 
'  Neck  or  Nothing,'  509 

Shorting  (E.  H.  H.)  on  coachman's  epitaph,  239 
— Sherwen  (Dr.  John),  483 

Simmonds  (Thos.  G.)  on  "  Auster  "  land  tenure, 
516 — Heraldry  of  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  267, 
315,  495 

Singer  (Dorothy  Waley)  on  alchemical  MSS.,  49 

Singleton  (J.  *  W.)  on  representative  county 
libraries,  112 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1921. 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


547 


Skeet  (Francis)  on  Ann  Lathrop,  237 

Sleuth-hound  on  Catherinot :  epigrammata,  371 
— Cicero,  reference  wanted,  371 

Sligo  on  "  Parliament  clock,"  515 

Smith  (Constance  P.)  on  rose-coloured  vestments 
on  Mothering  Sunday,  249 

Smith  (G.  C.  Moore)  on  Molle  (Henry),  248— 
Pancake  bell,  274 — '  Stirbitch  Fair,'  391 

Smith  (H.  A.)  on  "  Golden  Ball  "  in  St.  Giles's, 
317 

Southam  (Herbert)  on  afternoon  tea,  17 — 
Domestic  history  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
195 — Libraries,  representative  county,  155— 
Martineau  (Harriet),  421 — Railway  policemen, 
33 — Rougement  (Louis  de),  508 — Shrewsberry 
Hall,  470 — Yew-trees  in  churchyards,  195 

Southern  ( J.  M.)  on  "  Sir  Roderick  Spens,"  310 

Sparke  (Archibald)  on  army  badges,  235— 
"  Auster  "  land  tenure,  192— Author  of  quota- 
tion wanted,  371 — "Colly  my  cow,"  238 — 
Culbin  Sands,  235— Culver  Hole,  Gower,  413 
— Culverwell  (Dr.  Robert  James),  193 — 
Douglas  (John),  179 — '  Figaro  in  London,'  488 
— Foxhounds,  436 — Johnson  (Dr.),  portrait  in 
Hill's  edition  of  Boswell,  298 — Leg  of  Mutton 
clubs,  299 — Liddell  and  Scott's  Greek  Lexicon, 
338 — "  Little  Englander,"  474 — London,  the 
"  Packership  "  of,  193 — London  periodicals, 
1830-33,  465— Lucas  (Paul),  398—"  Lyall 
(David),"  pseudonym,  29  —  Maundrell's 
'  Journey  from  Aleppo  to  Jerusalem,'  137 — 
Morris  (Capt.  Charles),  298 — Novels  and  song- 
books,  old,  413 — "  Parliament  clock,"  494 — 
St.  Thomas's  Day  customs,  112 — Schreiner 
(Olive),  516 — Snuff  :  "  Prince's  Mixture," 
159 — Stage-coaches,  early,  515 — Tavern  signs  : 
"Castle  and  Wheelbarrow,"  299 — "  Temse  "  : 
"  Sieve,"  378 — •'  Tercentenary  Handlist  of  News- 
papers,' 173 — Tether  book,  472 — Tillemans 
(Peter),  339 — Tobacco  :  "  Bird's  Eye,"  158 — 
Walker  (Patricius)  :  "  Juan  de  Vega,"  356 — 
"  Ware  the  bag,"  308 — Wine  names,  398 — 
Yew-trees  in  churchyards,  98 

Standfield  (Frank)  on  G.  A.  Cooke,  498 

Stephen  (Mrs.  C.)  on  Culloden,  Scottish  emigrants 
after,  171— Dolphin  inn,  Ludgate  Hill,  228— 
Gouger,  surname,  89 — Langham  (John),  431 — 
Langham  (William),  191 — Stapleton  (Brian), 
89 — Stapleton:  O' Sullivan,  71 

Stilwell  (J.  P.)  on  names  for  smallest  pig  of  a 
litter,  435 

Stocker  (Charles  J.)  on  Colet  (Sir  Henry),  477— 
Collet  family,  399 

Strachan  (L.  R.  M.)  on  "  Colly  my  cow,"  238 — 
"  Nothing  but  their  eves  to  weep  with,"  228, 
456 

Stratton  (Charles  E.)  on  Morris  (Capt.  Charles), 
251 — "  Nothing  but  their  eyes  to  weep  with," 
435 — Thackeray  :  '  The  Newcomes,'  31 

Sullivan  (Edward)  on  '  Bryan  O'Lynn,'  378 

Surrey  on  Anne  (Queen),  death  of,  17 — Bell 
(Henry)  of  Portington,  418 — Book  borrowers, 
315 — Dances:  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley,  350 — 
"  Diehards,"  459 — Greek  and  Latin  pro- 
nunciation, 78 — •'  Tomahawk,'  397 — Warwick- 
shire folk  sayings,  36 

Swanzy  (Henry  B.)  on  Allen  family,  196 — 
Benson  (Mary),  alias  Maria  Theresa  Phipoe, 
419 — Ljfms,  age  of,  378 

Swynnerton  (Charles)  on  Domenick  Angelo,  491 


Sykes  (H.  Dugdale)  on  Nathaniel  Field's  work  in 
the  '  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  '  plays,  141,  164, 
183,  204 

Sykes  (Norman)  on  Edmund  Gibson,  210 


T.  (A.  D.)  on  Isaac  Walton,  357 

T.  (A.  K.)  on  black  cat  superstition,  310 

T.  (D.  K.)  on  fire  pictures  :  burning  of  H.M.S. 
Bombay,  418 — "  Four-bottle  men,"  357 — 
"  Parliament  clock,"  494— Popery  :  "  A  rope, 
a  rope  to  hang  the  Pope,"  356 

T.  (E.  G.)  on  52nd  Regiment  of  Foot,  191 — 
Foundlings  in  the  eighteenth  century,  191 

T.  (H.  E.)  on  Kensington  gravel  pits,  76 

T.  (J.  E.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  72 — 
Reference  wanted,  72 

T.  (S.  D.  T.  K.)  on  "  The  Haven  under  the  hill," 
314 

T.  (Y.)  on  Hogarth  minature  frame,  210 — Tot- 
land,  231 

Tavare  (Frederick  Lawrence)  on  Stuart  (Prince 
Charles  Edward),  his  swords,  27 — Tavern  signs  : 
"Fox  and  Hounds,"  457 

Templer  (P.  J.  T.)  on  Richard  Gamwel  (or  Camwel), 
clockmaker,  230 

Ternant  (Andrew  de)  on  French  prisoners  of  war 
in  England,  38 — Gaillard  (Pierre  Francois),  14 
— '  Giovanni  Sbogarro,'  316 — Gounod's  piano, 
2  6  7 — Macnamara  (Countess ) ,  1 1 4 — Marny 
(Paul),  235 — Napoleon  (Louis),  14— Napoleon 
and  London,  412 — Napoleon  as  a  child,  434 — 
Richard  III.,  257 — Rohan  Chabot  (Cardinal  de), 
178,  277 — "  Romantique,"  8 — Scott  (Sir 
Walter),  introduction  of  his  novels  into  France, 
87 — Sevigne  (Madame  de)  and  Masson,  27 — 
Travellers'  Club,  291 

Terrier  on  army  badges,  170 

Terry  (C.  Sanford)  on  calendar  :  new  style,  68 

Tharp  (Lt.-Col.  Gerard)  on  Earl  of  Anglesea's 
MS.  History  of  the  Troubles  in  Ireland,  488 

Thomas  (F.  W.)  on  Monument  (the),  suicides 
from,  434 — "  Some,"  use  of  the  word,  376 

Thomas  (R.  E.)  on  "  Beeleigh  Abbey,"  331— Book 
borrowers,  334 — Thomas  (William),  450 

Thompson  (Charles  H.)  on  Maj.-Gen.  the  Hon. 
William  Herbert,  194 

Thorns  (Alex.)  on  St.  Thomas's  Day  customs,  50 

Thornton  (Richard  H.)  on  mode  of  concluding 
letters,  55 

Timbrell  (W.  F.  John)  on  Farndon  communion  cup, 
370 — Yew-trees  in  churchyards,  98 

Tollemache  (L.  F.  C.  E.)  on  Viscount-Stafford,  454 

Tomes  (Charles  S.)  on  coat  of  arms  :  identifica- 
tion sought,  70 — Shakespeare  archives  :  Hugh 
Reynolds,  115 

Tottenham  (C.  J.)  on  Tulchan  bishops,  95 

Triumvir  on  Colonel  Owen  Rowe,  109 

Turner  (Frederic)  on  foundlings  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  238 

Tyrrell  (T.  W.)  on  ghost  stories  connected  with  old 
London  Bridge,  397 

U 

Udal  ( J.  S.)  on  '  Ralph  Roister  Doister,'  281 
Urllad    on  Andrews    (Bernard),    poet    laureate, 

475 — Monument    (The)  :  '  Ingoldsby    Legends,' 

473 
Usona  on  identification  of  arms  sought,  430 


548 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries  July,  30,  l'J:il. 


V.  (Q.)  on  "  Believe,"  10—"  Invalid  office,"  130— 
— Kiriema  or  Cinema,  19ft — "  Now,  then  —  !  " 
76 — "  Principal,"  30 — "  Thou  "  and  "  you," 
use  of  the  words  in  France,  191 — War  Office, 
site  of  the  original  building,  37 — "  Wytyng,"  71 

Vale  of  Aylesbury  on  book  borrowers,  377 — Pigs, 
names  for  smallest  of  a  litter,  376 — "  Spit- 
racks,"  227 

Vendenhem  (Louise)  on  Joan  of  Arc,  469 

Vernon  (Maurice  A.)  on  names  for  smallest  pig 
of  a  litter,  497 

Volans  (J.  R.)  on  Volans  family,  88 


W 


W.  on  William  and  Ralph  Sheldon,  195 
W.  (E.)  on  acid  test,  449 — "  Chautauqua,"  431 — 
"  Demagogue,"  447—"  Little  Englander,"  431 
W.  (L.  A.)  on  book  borrowers,  351 
W.  (M.  E.)  on  James  Street,  Westminster,  333 — 
— "  Magdalen  "  or  "  Mawdlen,"  417 — Petty 
France :  York  Street,  Westminster,  407 — 
Stafford  (Viscount),  454 — St.  Peter's  Chapel-of- 
Ease,  Westminster,  441 
W.  (T.  H.)  on  Captain  Cook  memorials,  132 
W.  (W.  E.)  on  Shakespeare  query,  318 
Wainewright  (John  B.)  on  Andrews  (Bernard), 
poet  laureate,  431 — Author  of  quotation  wanted, 
91,  179,  294— Banquo,  354 — Benson  (Mary), 
alias  Maria  Theresa  Phipoe,  370 — "  Boss-bent," 
86 — Boutroux  (M.  Emile)  :  "  A  miss  is  as  good 
as  a  man-,"  90 — Capel  (Giles),  8 — Cecil  (William), 
second  Earl  of  Exeter,  268 — Cherry  orchards  of 
Kent,  275 — Cider  and  rheumatism,  316 — Coffin- 
mouse,  255 — Crusoe's  island,  416 — "  Death  as 
friend,"  234 — Elizabeth's  (Queen)  statue,  St. 
Dunstan's-in-the-West,  294 — "  Empire,"  use 
of  the  word,  191,  315 — Epitaphs  :  William  Bill- 
inge  and  George  Routleigh,  260 — Fitzherbert 
(Mrs.),  374 — "  Franckinsence,"  72 — Friday 
Street,  16 — George  IV.,  statues  at  Brighton, 
392 — Habeas  Corpus  Act,  353 — "  Haven  under 
the  hill,"  275 — "  He  will  never  set  the  sieve  on 
fire,"  416 — Hooded  steersman,  518 — Horses, 
cream-coloured,  338 — Impaled  on  a  thorn,  275 — 
Income-tax  exemption  :  Brighton,  337 — Lions 
in  the  Tower,  338 — London,  the  "  Packership  " 
of,  193 — Macnamara  (Countess),  49,  215 — Maxi- 
milian William,  512 — Monument  (the)  and  the 
'  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  392 — New  Style,  195 — 
Nuns  and  dancing,  188 — Parini  (Giuseppe),  256 
— Parr  (Robert),  centenarian,  457 — Pedestri- 
anism  in  1818,  428 — Phillips  (Morgan),  136 — 
Pilgrims,  266— Pompeii,  the  sentry  at,  177— 
Poor  cat  i'  th'  adage,  515 — Pseudonyms, 
female,  used  by  men,  48 — Regattas,  310 — Rice, 
437 — Richard  III.,  215,  257 — Rohan  Chabot 
(Cardinal  de),  178 — Rose  (John  William),  375 — 
Rose-coloured  vestments  on  Mothering  Sunday, 
296 — Thames  running  dry,  416 — Toone  (Wil- 
liam), 250 — St.  Michael,  churches  of,  232 — St. 
Oswald,  318 — Sidmouth  :  Knowle  Hotel,  106 — 
Stafford  (Viscount),  478,  497 — Tempest  family 
of  Holmside,  21 — Tillotson  (Archbishop),  373— 
Tobacco,  legislation  against,  130 — Tyler  (Wat), 


193 — Venetian  window,  416— Wringing  the 
hands,  513 

Wale  (Wm.)  on  book  borrowers,  314 — "  Honest  " 
epitaphs,  498 

Walker  (Benjamin)  on  book  borrowers,  377 — 
Gunpowder  plot  conspirators'  route  through 
Worcestershire,  199 — Popery  :  "A  loaf  of 
bread  to  feed  the  Pope,"  356 — St.  Michael, 
churches  of,  336 — Year  1000  A.D.,  455 

Wallace  (R.  Hedger)  on  Cheddar  cheese,  468 — 
Cheeses  noted  by  Geryase  Markham,  469  ; 
supplied  to  the  Army  in  1650-1,  508 — Essex 
and  Banbury  cheeses,  490 — Norfolk  cheeses 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  392 — "  Scotch 
hands,"  331 — Tuninghen  cheese,  510 — Win- 
dow tax  and  dairies,  449 

Waller  (A.  R.)  on  book  borrowers,  253 

Ward  (Kathleen  A.  N.)  on  Cockney  pronuncia- 
tion, 489 

Waters  (Arthur  W.)  on  original  portraits  of  John 
Howard,  216 

Watkin  (Hugh  R.)  on  Franklin  nights  (or  days), 
514 — Hackney,  513 — Napoleon  and  London, 
457 

Watson  (Chr.)  on  use  of  incense,  115 

Watson  (W.  G.  Willis)  on  cider  and  rheumatism, 
317 — Franklin  nights  (or  days),  411 — Pancake 
bell,  273 — St.  Michael,  churches  of,  232 

Webb  (W.  A.)  on  early  stage-coaches,  392 

Weinholt  (E.  C.)  on  book  borrowers,  315 

West  (Edward)  on  yew-trees  in  churchyards, 
195 

West  (Erskine  E.)  on  ffairebanck  and  Rawson 
families,  30.8 

Westlake  (H.  F.)  on  Petty  France,  452 

Wheeler  (Stephen)  on  Trelawny  (Zella),  134— 
Window  tax  and  dairies,  493 

Whitaker(A.)  on  Dr.  W.  C.  Wells,  his-'  Essays  on 
Vision,  and  on  Dew,'  113 

White  (Frederick)  on  Cook  ("  Cicero ")  the 
learned  "  Scout,"  391— Lockhart's  '  Life  of 
Scott,'  passage  in,  50 — Mitford's  (Mary  Russell) 
lottery  prize,  350 — Turbulines,  90 

White  (G.  H.)  on  Andersen's  (Hans)  '  The  Im- 
provisatore,'  490 — "  Counts  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire,"  212 — Phaestos  disk,  237— Redvers 
(de),  15 — "  Rex  illiteratus  est  asinus  coro- 
natus,"  68 

White  (W.  B.)  on  book  borrowers,  296— Royal 
Horse  Guards,  334 

White  (W.  W.)  on  fountains  running  with  wine, 
228 

Whitear  (W.  H.)  on  Englefield  Green,  cottage  at, 
130 — French  prisoners  of  war  in  England,  99 
— Kensington  gravel  pits,  57 — Kensington 
Square,  pamphlet  on,  32 — Pepys  (Samuel),  his 
'  Diary,'  32 

Whitebrook  (J.  C.)  on  reformations  of  the  calen- 
dar, 370 

Whitehead  (Benjamin)  on  eighteenth  -  century 
life,  books  on,  79 — Norton  family  in  Ireland, 
137 

Whitehead  (J.  L.)  on  Isabella  de  Fortibus,  the 
last  Lady  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  322 

Whitfield  (A.  Stanton)  on  Woodburn  collection, 
12 

Whitmore  (J.  B.)  on  Cruickshank  and  West- 
minster School,  12 — Desaguliers  (Rev.  J.  T.), 
76  —  Piguenit  (Caesar  Danby),  137  —  Ripon 
School,  masters  of,  192 — Wegersloff  (.Christian), 
54 


Note*!and!Queries,  July'30, 1921. 


AUTHORS'   INDEX. 


549 


Whittingham    (O.    H.)    on   family    mottoes,    471 

Whitwell  (Robert  J.)  on  "  Conty,"  50 — '  Wash,' 
'  wassh,'  blacksmith's  tool,  109 

Wienholt  (E.  C.)  on  "  Bottle-slider,"  96— George 
I.,  gift  of  gold  bowl  to  George  Lamb,  59 — 
'  Poor  Uncle  Ned,'  94 

Wilberforce-Bell  (H.)  on  Bell  (Sir  Robert)  of 
Beaupre,  175,  335 — "  Comlies  "  and  "  Cony 
bags,"  318 — Napoleon  as  a  child,  painting,  391 

Willcock  (John)  on  "  Colly  my  cow,"  190 

Williams  (Alice  M.)  on  author  of  quotations 
Avanted,  18 

Williams  (Aneurin)  on  Australian  judicature,  269 
—  Hall's  (Edmund  Hyde)  '  Notes  upon  Car- 
narvonshire,' 367 — Jones  (T.),  71 — Manchester 
and  Milford  Railway,  510 — Paupers  :  relief 
badge,  48 — '  Penny  Post,'  251 — Phillips  (Mor- 
gan), 91 — Pye  (G.),  book-plate  designer,  10— 
St  Michael,  churches  of,  298 — Williams  (Arch- 
bishop John),  his  '  Manual,'  152. 

Williams  (Harold)  on  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  358 — 
Herbert  of  Cherbury  (Lord),  his  '  De  Veritate,' 
293 — "  Poor  cat  i'  th'  adage,"  475 

Williamson  (F.)  on  tribal  hidages,   309 

Willis- Watson  (W.  G.)  on  names  for  smallest 
pig  of  a  litter,  376 

Wilson  (H.  F.)  on  James  Peake,  250 

Winn  (Arthur  T.)  on  Aldeburgh  :  extracts  from 
Chamberlains'  account-book,  163,  224,  265, 
305,  343,  387,  426,  463,  506 — "  Bottle-slider," 
96  —  "  Franckinsence , "  72  —  Parsons  family , 
348 


Wood   (F.   Leslie)   on  Shakespeare  query,    318 — 

Wood  (Sir  Thomas),  207,  253 

Woolard  (Clifford  C.)  on  Timothy  Constable,  409 
Wright     (Dudley)     on     book     borrowers,     351 — 

'  Golden  Manual,'    358 — Popery  :     "  A   loaf   of 

bread  to  feed  the  Pope,"  356 

Wright  (G.  W.)  on  Thomas  Chattel-ton,   31,    108 
Wulcko  (Lawrence  M.)  on  Polish  "  emigres  "   on 

French  privateers,  268 
Wyndham  (M.)  on  Samuel  Hellier,  229 


X 


X.  on  '  Western  Miscellany,'  134 


Y.    (C.    H.)    on  Tavern   signs  :      "  Elephant   and 

Wheelbarrow,"  250 

Yeo  (W.  Curzon)  on  peacock's  feathers,  316 
Yeoman  (Oliver)  on  death  of  William  Rufus,  37  t 
Younger  (George  W.)  on  notes  on  life  and  family 

of  Dr.  John  Younger,  201 


Z.  on  the  tragedy  of  New  England,  117 


AG       Motes  and  queries 
305         Ser.12,  v.8 

N7 

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